NEW YORK
^AW/CAL GARDEN

THE

ENGLISH FLORA

SIR JAMES EDWARD SMITH.

CLASS XXIV. CRYPTO GAM I A,

WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, LL.D. F.R.A. & L.S.

MEMBER OF THE ACADEMIES Ol"

LUND, MOSCOW, PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, BOSTON, ETC.,

OF THE IMPERIAL ACAD. NATURu*: CURIOSORUM,

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ArADE:\IY,

AND

REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW,

VOL. V.

(OR VOL. II. OF DR. HOOKER'S BRITISH FLORA.)

PART n.

C O M P R I S fN G THE

FUNGI;

REV. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S., Sec, See.

LONDON:

LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN & LONGMAN.
MDCCCXXXVI.

rA,3^

Glasgow :— K Khuix, Printer to ihe University.

CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI,

SuBORD. I. Hymenomycetes. Hymenium naked.

Tribe I. Pileati.^ Receptacle dilated more or less in a hori-
zontal direction^ sometimes branched, tending to an orbicular form.
Hymenium inferior. Asci fixed,

1. Agaricus."2 Linn. Agaric.

Hymenium consisting of plates radiating from a common
centre, with shorter ones in the interstices, composed of a
double closely connected membrane, more or less distinct from
the pileus. Veil various or absent. — Named from Agaria, a
region of Sarmatia.

Series I. Leucosporus ; (XivKog, white, and dTro^og, seed.) Spo-
rules whiie.^

Subgenus 1. Amanita; (a name given to some esculent
Fungus by Galen.) Veil double: one universal, covering the
whole plant in a young state, distinct from the epidermis, at length
burst by the protrusion of the pileus, part remaining at the base of
the stem, part either falling off or forming ivarts on the pileus ; the
other partial, at first covering the gills and afterwards forming a
reflected sub-persislent ring on the top of tJie stipes. Stem stuffed,
at length hollow, squamoso-fibrillose, thickened at the base. Pileus
with the disk fleshy, the rnargin thin, campanulate, then plane;
viscid when saturated with moisture. Gills attenuated behind, free,
broader in front, vcntricose, close, but litde unequal, when full
grown denticulated. — Sub-solitary Fungi, growing on the ground
or dung, never on ivood ; not soon decaying.

* Volva loose, mnrgin of the pileus even, poisonous.
1. A. phaUoidcs, Fr, {Vhalhis-like Agaric); pileus more or less
scaly, margin not striate, stem hollow above, volva bulbous.

Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 13 Fungus phalloides, VaiJl. Bot. Par.

;;. 74. t. 14./ 5 A. bulbosus. Bull. t. ± bll . With. cd. 7. v. 4.

' 'J'Ih* pi/eiis is somcliiiu's rcsnpiuuto, the /ii/mn)itimhi']iiii uppiM'inost ; as, for
instance, in some sjtccit's of A(/(iritiis, Pnh/ponts, 'riitlijtlinru, Sc. Hut in sui-h
cases tlu're is a ^n-attT nr h-ss t»Mul«'ni-y to brconu* ivllt'itcii, so tliat tln'
fiymeniitin niav f^ain its normal inferior position.

» IJy the Ki'v. M. J. litrkrh,,.

^ In A. ftliitacens,lutcus, niddn.t, fuliirinosus, the sp«iriih's ;.re pah- yellow or
huff.

2 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

7>.l99 ; (ivrong synonyms). — A. vernalis, Bolt. t. 48. — A. musca-
riiis, Sow. t. 2S6.Jiy. sin. — var. 3. Purt. v. 3. p. 201. — A. verru-
cosus, Curt. FL Lo7id. t. 3\2.Jig. dext.

Woods and borders of woods. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon. — Pileus
2 — 3 inches broad, fleshy, at first subbemispherical, then expanded or
even slightly depressed, sometimes slightly umbonate, irregularly scaly
from the fragments of the volva adhering to the shining surface which
is slimy when moist ; the margin quite even and free from striae ;
white, straw-coloured, olive-green with brown markings, &c. Gills
numerous, unequal, ventricose, broader in front, pure white, subadnexed,
sometimes quite free ; when young covered with a membrane which in
the course of expansion either falls off or forms a deflexed ring. Stem
3 — 4 inches high, half an inch thick, fibrillose with a few adpressed
scales arising from the partial ring which was at first in contact with it,
attenuated upwards, bulbous below and there furnished with a variously
lobed volva which is adnate with the base of the stipes, but has the
margin free and more or less expanded, in general hollow at the apex
or for some distance down, though occasionally the inner substance is
only a little more spongy than the outer, varying much in size and colour
and degree of scaliness, and according to Fries in the manner of adher-
ence of the volva. When fresh it has a powerful but not disagreeable
smell ; when past maturity, its odour becomes almost insupportable.
Accounted highly poisonous, especially the yellow variety. — Small
specimens of the white variety are with great difficulty distinguished
from A. vernus. Though it has a strong fungus-like smell, it has not
when fresh the foetid odour, which is the distinguishing mark of that
species. Fries in his Elenchus adds another distinctive character,
namely, that A.phalloides has the pileus at first convex, then plane ;
whereas, in A. vermis the pileus is at first conico-campanulate, then
expanded. This is not however expressed in BuUiard's figure, and I
have seen the pileus o^ A. phalloides ovate 'when young. I have never
met with specimens which agree with A. vernus. In all, however
variable in size and colour, and the degree of hollowness of the stem,
the gills are broadest in front, whereas Fries describes and Bulliard
figures the gills as lanceolate. Bolton's figure certainly belongs to
A. phalloides, though it is probable from his remarks that he had met
with the true A. vernus. — In the new edition of Withering, Sowerby's
A. bulhosus is quoted under this species, with which it has nothing in
common except the name. This is by no means the only instance of
such a loose manner of compilation.

** Volva loose, margin of the pileus striate. Escident.^

2. A. vagindtus, Bull, {sheathed Agaric); margin of the
pileus silicate, gills white, stenx fistulose with cottony pith,
attenuated upwards almost smooth, volva like a sheath. BidL
^.512. 98. Tratt. Fung. Aust. t. 13. 7i. 23. Fr. S?/si. Myc. v.
1. p. 14. — A. pulvinatus, Bolt. t. 49. With. ed. 7. v. 4. p. 205.^.—
A. trilobus, Bolt. t. 38./. 2. — A. plumbeus, With. I. c. p. 220.—
A. hadius^ With. I. c. p. 208. — A. muscarius, var. 6. Purt. v. 3.
p. 203.

' To this division belong A. ovoides and A. CcEsareit», whieh appear to be
the best of all the esculent Agarics.

Agaricus.] fungi. 3

Woods and pastures. Aug.— Oct. Not uncommon.— Pileus 4 inches
or more broad, plane, slightly depressed in the centre, scarcely umbonate,
fleshy, except at the extreme margin which in consequence is elegantly
grooved ; viscid when moist, beautifully shining when dry ; at first there
are a few broad scales, the remains of the volva, but these soon vanish ;
the Epidermis easily peels off. Gills free, ventricose, broadest in front,
often imbricated, white. Sporules wlute, round. Stem 6 inches -or
more high, i — 1 inch thick, attenuated upwards, obtuse at the base,
where it is furnished with a volva which is adnate for about an inch and
then, in general, closely surrounding it like a sheath, but sometimes the
margin is expanded, marked within at the base with the grooves of the
pileus ; brittle, sericeo-squamulose, scarcely fibriilose, but splitting with
ease longitudinally, hollow, or rather stuffed with fine cottony fibres,
the very base solid, not acrid, insipid ; smell scarcely any. Eaten in
Russia, but according to some accounts, poisonous. — The volva is easily
overlooked if care be not taken to dig up the very base of the stem, as
it is apt to be entangled in the grass. Its peculiar character is evidently
owing to the elongated form of the young pileus. This state is admir-
ably figured by Bulliard who established the species. But, occasionally,
forms occur in which the volva is more like that in some of Schoeffer's
figures. It occurs of various colours ; the more general one is a mouse-
grey. Bolton figures a tawny variety agreeing with A.fulvus, Schceff.
t. 95. Others are figured by Schoeffer of abluish and bay hue. Batsch has
a white and Haller a green variety. — I once found in a grassy riding in
Shorne Wood Kent, Aug. 6, 1832, a species apparently distinct, but as
I have never met with it since, and had no opportunity of making a
drawing, I do not venture to propose it as such. Pileus nearly 4 inches
broad, "slightly fleshy, the margin grooved, without scales, of a gre}--
umber. Gills broad (\ an inch or more) obtuse at each end and ventri-
cose, at first white, yellow in decay, subdeliquescent and foetid. Stem
3 inches long, ^ an inch thick, stuffed, but by no means cottony
within, scaly, the' scales pointing downwards, equal except at the base,
which is thickened and furnished with a thick ample volva rugulose
without, smooth within. Bolton's description of his A. pulvinatus,
especially as regards the inside of the stem, agrees better with this than
with the common state of the species.

3. A. nivalis, Grev. (alpine Agaric) ; pileus smooth, the
margin sulcate, gills somewhut distant, stem stuffed, volva loose.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 18.

Highland pastures and the summits of mountains. Scottish Alps.
Aug. Not uncommon. — " White. Pilciis 2 — 3 inches broad, ovate in
the volva, then convex, at length plane and subumbonate, the centre
subochraceous; at first warty then quite smooth. Flcsli white, very
thin on the margin. Gills subdistant, broad in front, narrow behind,
entire. Stem 3 — 5 inches high, 3 — 4 lines thick, naked, stuttbd with
spongy fibres, bulbous at the base, with a constriction where the volva
becomes free. Vulva loose, persistent." Grev. l. c. — Very near to A.
vaginalus, the only marks of distinction being the greater distance of the
gills and the greater compactness of the stem. In the last character
it agrees with the plant found at Shorne, mentioned above. Nothing is
known of its (jualities. Fries in his Iml. Alph. p. 3?, considers it the
same as A. vaginatus.

4 FUNGI. [Agarims.

*** Volva obliterated ; margin of the pileus striate. Poisonous.

4. A. muscdrius, L. (^Fly Agaric); margin of the pileus striate,
gills white,- stem subsolid bulbous, volva scaly. Limi. Fl.
Suec. 1235. Sow. t. 286. Jig. dext. var. 4. With. ed. 7. v. 4.
p. 1 73. Purt. V. 2. p. 630. and var. 4. v. 3. jo. 202. Fr. Sj/st.
Myc. V. }.p. 16. Klotzsch, Fung, Germ. exs. no. 1. — Amanita
muscaria, Grev. Sect. Crypt. FL t. 34. Grev. Fl. ed. p. 369.

Woods, especially of fir and birch. Aug. — Nov. Abundant in the
Highlands : less common in the south of England. — Pileus 3 — 7 inches
broad, convex, at length sometimes depressed, rich orange scarlet, but
occasionally whitish, yellowish or brown, beset with conical, superficial,
angnlar warts, viscid when moist ; margin thin, striate; ^esh partaking
of the colour of the pileus to some depth. Gills white, broad, ventri-
cose, free or slightly adnexed. Sporules white, round. Stem 4 — 9
inches high, i — I inch thick, stuffed, at length sometimes hollow,
brittle, bulbous ; bulb sending down fibres into the soil, covered with
close conical scales, the remains of the volva ; above the bulb the sur-
face is broken into scales, beneath these fibrilloso-tomentose, the apex
minutely tomentose. Ring deflexed. — Highly narcotic, producing in
small doses intoxication and delirium, for which purpose it is used in
Kamschatka, and in larger, death. For a detailed account of its poison-
ous effects, see Roques Hist.'des Champ, p. 123, and, for some curious
particulars, a paper by Dr. Greville in the 4th vol. of the Wcrncriaji
Transactions, of which an extract is given by Lindley, Int. to Nat.
Syst. of Boi. p. 337.

5. A. 3IaricE,K\otz&ch,(^Miss Hooker s Agaric) ; "pileus brown-
ish rough with floccose scales convex subumbonate at
lengtli plane, the margin even naked, gills not juicy crowded
free white, stem nearly equal somewhat hollow and mem-
branaceous in the middle somewhat bulbous at the base, ring
loose, veil minutely scaly." Klotzsch in LinncBa, v. 7. p. 197.

On sandy soil in one of the Conservatories of the Botanic Garden,
Glasgow. Aug. 1830. Foundhy Miss Maria Hooker. — "Substa7ice^eshy,
tough, elastic, white. Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad, with dark-coloured
scales. Stevi tawny, pruinose, 2 — 3 inches long, 4 lines to | an inch thick :
Ring white." — Intermediate between A. imiscarius and A. rubescens. It
seems to be a very beautiful species, having when dry somewhat the
appearance of a large variety of A. cltjpeolarius, the scales not being
merely superficial but intimately connected with the true epidermis.
(In Fries' Ind. Alph. p. 29. 1832, the above notion is confirmed by
the observation, A, Mariee, Klotzsch, med. int. Aman. et Lepiot. — Lin-
n«a, VII. 198.)

6. A. pantherinns, Dec. (^Panther Agaric) ; pileus warty,
margin striate, stem equal subsolid, volva adnate the margin
only free. Dec. FL Fr. v. 6. p. 52. Fr. Sysl. Myc. v. ].p. 16.
— A. maculattis, Scho'ff. t. 90. — A. miiscariits, var. 2. Purt. v.
3. p. 200. {in part). — var. 6. With. v. 4. p. 174. — A. cinereus,
Boqnes, Hist, des Champ. t.2\.f :?. 3.

Borders of woods. Aug, — Oct. Not common. Lytchett, Dorset.

Agaricus.] fungi. 5

Rev. M. J- Bcrkeletj. — Solitary. Fileus 4 inches broad, at first convex
with many flat mealy warts which rub off with difficulty ; then expanded
and slightly depressed, glutinous when moist, when dry soft to the
touch like kid leather ; beneath the gluten are minute fasciculato-pilose
scales, but quite adpressed and innate ; reddish grey or brown, accord-
ing to Fries sometimes livid ; margin sulcate and tubercled. Gills
broad in front, free, white. Spondes round, pure white. Stem 5 inches
high, ^ an inch thick, stuffed, at length more or less hollow, bulbous,
either' silky and even or torn into reflexed scales ; ring deflexed ;
volva quite smooth, connate, the extreme margin only free all round. —
Fries describes the warts as white, minute, and subinnate. My speci-
mens agree exactly with Schoeffer's figure which is tolerably character-
istic ; but I find that in the advanced state of the plant the warts vanish.
If Persoon's Amanita wnbrina, Sijn. ^;. •254- (which is quoted by Fries)
be the same, this accords with his observation " a variety occurs in
which the pileus is destitute of warts." The contents of the stem are
quite tliffcrent from those of A. vaginatus. The synonym of Purton
certainly includes A. rubesccnSy and perhaps belongs entirely to that, but
as the synonyms of ^. pantherimis are also quoted, I consider it incum-
bent upon me to insert it, though I have not put down his localities, it
being fincertain to which of the two species they refer.

**** Volva obliterated : margin of the pileus even. Suspicious.

7. A.exctlsus, Fr. (tall Fly Agaric); pileus unequally warty,
margin even, flesh unchangeable, stem solid bulbous, tiie bulb
scaly. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p, 17. — Amanita anipla, Pers. Syn.
p. 256.

Woods. Aug.— Sept. Shorne Wood, Kent, Aug. 9, 1832. Rev. M, J.
Berkeley.— Solitary. Pileus 4 inches broad, umber-grey, slightly viscid,
smooth, with a few unequal more or less conical irregular scattered
warts, easily rubbed off; epidermis tough and chuumy, easily peeling off;
margin not striate. Gills obtuse before and behind, but much broader
in front, truly free, ^ an inch broad, the margin slightly uneven.
Stem 6 inches or more liigh, 1 inch thick, going deep into the earth ;
scaly below the ring,scalcs thick and squarrosc ; abSve the ring the scales
are closely adpressed, their interstices finely silky, apex striate, tolerably
firm, juicy, of an unchangeable white, distinct from the pileus, Ihough
nearly of the same substance ; ring half-way down, large, substriate
within, externally downy. Taste pleasant. The above description, made
upon the spot, exactly agrees with that of Fries. The species is evi-
dently very nearly allied to the following, the principal difference con-
sisting in the unchangeable white of the flesh.

8. A. rubcsce9is,Fers. sub Am. (changeahle-Jleshed Fly Agaric);
pileus clothed with unequal mealy warts, margin not striate,
flesh turning red, stem stuflVd scaly suhbulbous. Pers. Syn.
p. 254. py. Syst. J/yc. v. \. p. 18. — A. pustulatus, Schaff. t.
01. — A. niyodcs, Sclia^ff^. t. 2G1. — A. verrucosus, Curt. PL Loud.
t. ?t\'l. jig. sin. et mod. — A. muscnrius. var. 7. lyitli. r.^fl. p.
17 [.—^Purt. V. f). jf. 200 {in 2>art) var. 2.

Woods, especially fir woods. Autumn. — Pileus convex, reddish, un-
e(|ually warty, warts flat; smooth and even on the margin, in ohl s|)i'ci-
mcns there is sometimes an appearance of striic on the margin in consc-
(jwcncc of its becon)ing transparent, slightly viscid; flesh turning red when

6 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

cut, more or less completely. Gills broad in front, narrow behind, ad-
nexed by a fine prominent line. Spoi^ules subelliptic. Stem stuffed, at
length more or less hollow, bulbous, the bulb more or less smooth,
above the ring clothed with flat adpressed scales; below the ring the
scales have their upper margin free and patent ; ring large, deflexed
striate. — Smell strong, taste not unpleasant. — Such is the form which
occurs not unfrequently in the South of England. The discoloration
of the flesh is by no means strongly marked. Indeed I find specimens
in which it is very slight, and the change is rather to brown than red ;
the stem furfuraceous below the ring, and above striate and pulverulent ;
the volva thick and smooth. Smell strong like that of mould ; taste
like that of a germ/mating walnut. — In Scotland where it is exceedingly
abundant, the change of colour appears to be much greater, and is very
evident in the dry specimens ; though in individuals gathered by M.
Klotzsch at Inverary, the flesh remains quite white. In a specimen in
Dr. Hooker's Herbarium the pileus is 7 inches broad, stem 7^ inches
high, 1^ thick; the more general size, however, is pileus 3 — 5 inches
broad, stem 2 — 4 inches high. According to M. Cordier it is much
eaten in Lorraine under the name of Golmelle or Golmotte vraie, where-
as, according to Roques, it is poisonous. Rogues, Hist, des Champ,
p. 130. Since the above was written, specimens occurred at Laxton,
Norths, in which the change of colour was very strongly marked and
almost instantaneous.

9. A. dsper, Pars, (rough-ivarted Agaric); pileus subumbo-
nate rough with acute warts, margin even, stem stuffed attenu-
ated squamulose. Pers. Obs. Myc. 2. p. 38. Abbild. d. Schw.
F. Scum. ic. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. !./>. 18. — Amanita aspera, Pers.

Syn. p. 256 A. verrucosus, Bull. t. 316. — A. myodeSf Bolt. t.

139 A. mnscarius, var. 5. With. v. 4./). 174.

Woods. June— Oct. Lee Bridge. Bolton. East Morden, Dors.
CoUyweston, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— ^oYit^ry or subgrega-
rious. Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad, at first convex, then expanded,
scarcely umbonate, reddish, with various tints of livid and grey, clothed
with small acute warts, margin not striate ; flesh thick permanent
white, except immediately beneath the epidermis. Gills white, broad in
front, with sometimes a little tooth behind running down the stem, at
length more or less imbricate. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, sometimes l^
inch thick at the base, but often much less, bulbous, the bulb rather
rough, striate above the ring, difFracto-squamulose, or silky below ;
stuffed ; ring broad, striate. Flesh of the stem when eaten by maggots
and bulb when old, red. — The delicate surface of the ring and stipes is
brick-red when touched, or from the pressure of the surrounding grass.
Odour strong, taste not unpleasant. Poisonous according to Roques.
My specimens accord exactly with Bulliard's figure ; but I have
found it occasionally much larger; pileus 5 inches broad, stem 4^
high.

Subgenus 2. Lepiota ; (from Xs-^r/j, a scale.) Veil single,
universal, closely adhering to, and confluent with the epidermis,
when burst forming a more or less persistent ring towards the mid-
dle 1 of the stem. Stem hollow, stuffed with more or less densely

' In Amanita the ring takes its origin within the pileus, forming a cover to
the gills ; in Lepiota the ring is merely the free portion of the universal veil,
answering to the free portion of the volva in Amanita.

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 7

interwoveii aracfmoid threads; equal or thickened at the base^ Ji-
brillose, Pileiis more or less fleshy, hut not compact, ovate lohen
young, soon campanulate, then expanded and umhonate. Flesh
white, soft. Gills unequal 7iever distant or decurrent. Colour of
tbe gills white, in some varieties yellow. — Solitary, persistent, au-
tumnal Fungi growing on the ground ; not dangerous.
* Veil at length hose ; gills remote, (ending at a considerable

distance from the stem.)
10. A. procerus. Scop, {large shaggy Agaric) ; large, epidei'-
mis of the pileus breaking up into scales, gills remote, stem
cylindrical bulbous, ring moveable. Scop. Fl. Cam. n. 1465.
Schceff. t. 22, 23. Curt. Fl. Lond. t. 69. Soio. t. 190. With.
V. 4. p. 241. Purt. V, 2 and 3. n. 954. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 20. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 370. — A. colubrinus, Bidl. t. 78. 583.
— A. annulatus, Bolt. t. 23.

Gardens, hedge-banks, pastures and woods. July— Oct. Common.—
Pileus 3—7 inches broad, at first obtusely conic, at length campanulate,
strongly umbonate, fleshy ; ejndermis velvety, red-brown, broken into
subreflexed scales, the whole resembling brown shaggy leather ; margin
white or pinkish, silky ; fe^ih soft and cottony except in the centre when
young. Gills perfectly free, separated by a considerable space from the
point'of insertion of the stipes, ventricose, margin serrated, pale pinkish
yellow or white. Sporules white, elliptic. Stem 8—12 inches high, | an
inch thick, attenuated upwards, sunk deep into the flesh of the pileus
as into a socket, very bulbous, scaly, hollow but stuffed with a cottony
web. J{i72g coriaceous, thick and spongy, convex below, moveable.
Taste and smell pleasant. Forming, on the continent, a frequent article
of food. Roques, Hist, des Champ, p. 120.

11. A. excoridtus, Scboeff. {excoriated Agaric); not large,
epidermis of the pileus close broken into little patches, gills
remote, stem equal, ring moveable. Schceff. t. 18, 19. Fr.
Syst. Myc. ?;. 1. /;. 21. Purt. MSS.—A. procerus, var. 4. With.
V. 4. p. 242. — var. Purt. v. S. p. 418.

Pastures, especially under trees. May— Sept. Edgbaston, under
Spanish Chestnut. Withering. Apethorpe, Northamptonshire. Rev. il/.
J. Berkeley. —Pileus 2\ inches across, expanded, often a little irregular,
carnose, umbonate; flesh spongy; t'/^ic^t-rwis cracked into small areolae,
silky between them, especially on the margin, pale fawn, the umbo
dark. Gil/s ventricose, free, so as to leave a broad space round the top
of the stem, which is sunk into the substance of the pileus, dull white,
slightly watery, imbricate when old ; sometimes much broader on one
side than on the opposite side of the pileus, and sometimes stained with
claret-coloured blotches. Sporules white, elliptic, with an evident trans-
parent border. Stem U— 2 inches high, j— .', of an inch thick, at-
tenuated regularly upwards without a decided bulb, n)inutely fibrillose,
hollow but stutttid with a beautiful cottony web. Ring dcflexed,
moveable, but not so free as that of //. procerus.— 'SmcW scarcely any ;
taste like that of A. orendes.

** Veil fixed or fugacious ; gills remote or free.
12. A. ce])d stipes, Sow. (white bark-bed Agaric) ; pileus ram

8 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

panulate truncate at length plane, more or less scaly, margin
plicate, gills remote, stem hollow ventricose glabrous, ring per-
sistent. Sow. t. 2. Pers, Syn. p. 416. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 280. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 833.—^. luteus, With. v. 4. p,
212. Bolt t. 50. — A. cretaceus, With. v. 4. jo. 201. Purt.v. 3.
n. 1455. — /3. stem equal.

Bark-beds in stoves. Summer and Autumn. Not uncommon. /3.
Elton, Hunts. Rev. M, J. Berheley. — " Gregarious or tufted, white,
pale sulphur, or yellow. Pilem 1 — 3 inches broad, ovate conical when
young, then campanulate, and finally nearly or quite plane, darkest in
the centre, and more or less covered with small scattered fibrous scales;
flesh thin, margin very thin and semitransparent plicate ; substance
tough and bears fielding between the fingers without tearing. Gills nu-
merous, thin, broad, and rounded near the stem, and separated fi-om it
by a circular space; but the stem does not penetrate into the substance
of the pileus. Sporules white, copious, elliptic. Stem 3 — 6 inches high,
straight or crooked, firm, even, smooth, narrow at the top, but ventri-
cose below and then narrower again at the very bottom, somewhat
pruinose, the centre at first filled with delicate silky fibres, at length
hollow. Ring perfect, erect, persistent. In decay the pileus becomes
brownish, and according to its situation, either dries up or becomes
covered with little globules of fluid and gradually dissolves." Grev. I. c.
In /3. the stem is quite equal and the gills have the palest yellow tinge,
like that assumed sometimes by A. cristaius and A. polystictus ; in every
other respect it agrees with A. cepcesiipes. A.cretaceiis, Bull, if rightly
placed by Fries, has dark sporules. Every thing about the species in-
dicates a complete affinity with A. 2)rocerus and A. cristatus.

13. A. Clypeoldritis, Bull. (Shield'like Agaric) ; inodorous,
epidermis of the pileus broken into scales, gills approximate, stem
floccoso-squamose, ring evanescent. Bull. t. 405,506./. 2. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 21. Sow. t. 14. With. v. ^. p. 244. Purt.
V. 3. p. 420. {in part.) Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 370. — A. Meleagris,
With. ed. 2.

Woods, especially of beech; borders of shady fields. Oct. — Nov.
Eare. Duddingston. Greville. Canterbury. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. —
Pileus \\ inch broad, subcampanulate, strongly umbonate, whitish
with reddish scales. Gills numerous, quite free, nearly reaching
the stem, ventricose. Stem 2 — o\ inches high, 2 lines thick,
hollow but stuffed with cottony fibres, whitish, pale brownish or rufes-
cent, the whole clothed with fibrillose scales. Ring sometimes remain-
ing on the stem, but more generally attached to the margin of the
pileus or evanescent. Inodorous and insipid. — Bearing some resem-
blance to A. procerus^ but smaller and more delicate. M. Roques in-
forms us that while some pronounce it excellent for food, others declare
it to be poisonous, and adds that he has twice eaten a small quantity,
without experiencing any bad effects. Sowerby's plant is set down by
Fries in Syst. Myc. as a variety ; but in his Ind. alph. as A. cristatus^
which it cannot be, for the gills are not remote : and M. Klotzsch in
Hook. Herb., seems almost disposed to consider it a distinct species.
The flesh in the centre is far deeper than in the connnon state, and the
stem nearly naked. His specimens were gathered in the stoves, at
Castle-Semple, near Glasgow, in the month of July.

Af/aricus.] FUNGI. 9

14. A. polf/siwtus, Berk. (Jies/it/ moUled Agaric) ; inodorous,
fleshy, epidermis of llie pileus and stem broken into scales,
gills broad approximate, stem attenuated above and below.

On a lawn after a fortnight's stormy weather. July 26, 1828. Cot-
terstock, Northamptonshire. Hev. AI. J. Berhdey. — Pileus H inch
broad, not at all campanulate, expanded, and broadly and obtusely um-
bonate; Jiesh thick in the centre, firm and tough, the cjndermis broken
into minute flat scales of a rich red-brown. Gills numerous, unequal,
rounded before and behind, broad, ventricose, quite free, the margin
serrulate, white with a slight yellowish tinge. Stem 1 inch high, |
of an inch thick in the middle, divided into two distinct por-
tions ; the upper one silky of a pinkish hue, the lower scaly like the
pileus, but the scales browner ; attenuated at the base where it is fur-
nished wiih many branched fibrous roots, hollow, stuffed with fine silky
filaments. Ring fugacious, attached in minute portions to the edge of
the pileus. Inodorous and insipid. — I have met with this plant only
once, but there can be no doubt that it is very distinct from A. clyi^eola-
rius, with which it has the nearest affinity. It may possibly be A. colu-
briniis, vai\ /S. j)cint1icrinus^ Pers. Syn. p. 259. It agrees with it in many
points, but he describes his plant as subbulbous, and I am not sure
whether the expression '^ subcarnosiis^^ will apply correctly to a plant in
which the flesh is \ of an inch thick and only H across.

15. A. Meledgris, Sow. (checquered Agaric); pileus earnose
spotted with distinct dark scales, gills subremote moderately
broad, stem stout scaly like the pileus, the lower half black.
Sow, t.ni. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 346. Klotzsch, 31 SS,

in Hook. Herb A. colubrinvs, Tratt. Fung. Aust. t. 13.y. 26. —

A. chjpeolarins, Fl. Dan. I. I7S2./. 1.

Hot-beds. Melon-beds atErskine, Scotland, the seat of Lord Blantyre.
Klotzsch. ISIay — Oct. — The stem appears stuffed in M. Klotzsch's speci-
mens. " It has a solid stem and a curious, somewhat reticulated root.
In drying it becomes of a blush-red all over, except the lower part
which retains the darker hue." Soio. I. c. M. Klotzsch's specimens have
a very flexuous stem, above three inches long, | inch thick, nearly equal.
Pileus 1 j inch broad. In Sowerby's figure and model the stem is in-
crassated below. But in either case it is much stouter in proportion
than in A. clypcolarius. Fries' supposition in the Elcnchus that it is the
same as A. ciineifolius is certainly wrong.

16. A. cristdtus, Bolt, (crested Agaric) ; strong-scented, epi-
dermis of the pileus breaking up into scales, gills remote, stem
smooth, rinj>- fugacious. Bolt. t. 7. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 22.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 370. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 176. Purt. MSS.—
A. clypcolarius, var. 3. With. v. 4. p. 245. Purt. v. 3. p. 420. (in
part.) — A. subantiquatus, Batsch, Cent. 2./. 203.

In grassy and mossy places, especially on lawns, sometimes on gar-
den-beds, Aug. — Nov. (Jommon. — Solitary or subgrrgarious. Pileus
^ to 1^ inch broad, expanded, umbonatc, white, the epidermis
broken into rufescent scales which arc cither Hat or reHexcd, less
frequent on the margin ; ////ij sometimes attached in fragments to the
margin, soim'tiines moveable on the stem ; flesh firm, thin. d'Hls re-
mote, numerous, slightly ventricose, the margin uneven often imbricated,

10 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

tinged slightly with yellow. Sporiiles white, elliptic. Slein 1 — 2 inches
high, 1 — 2 lines thick, tough, composed of fibres, smooth or fibrillose ;
hollow but with a few cottony fibres ; Jlesh towards the base reddish.
" Root a mass of white branching fibres of considerable tenacity, and
generally retaining a quantity of soil." Smell and taste strong and un-
pleasant. There are two distinct forms, besides the white one figured
by Micheli. The one described above is that figured by Greville ; the
other that of Bolton, very different in habit as may be seen on compar-
ing the plates. Bolton's figure is however by no means uncharacteristic.
I found two specimens exactly agreeing with it, amongst sticks, at the
root of a tree, under Wollarton Park wall, Notts. The gills are broader
the scales are sharp, strongly elevated, almost conical, dark brown.
Stetn sericeo-pulverulent above the place of the ring, which is very fu-
gacious ; below rufous and furfuraceous. Odour strong, but resembling
that of//, oreades.

*** Veil fixed or fugacious ; gills suhadnexed.

17. A. granidosus, Batsch, {small yelloio scaly Agaric^;
pileus furfuraceous, gills fixed, stem more or less hollow scaly
beneath the patent ring. Batsch. El, p. 79. /. 24. Pers. Syn. p.
264. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. I. p. 24. Grev. Fl Ed. p. 370. Sc.
Crypt. Fl. t. 104.—^. ochraceus, BidL t. 362, 530./. 2>.—A.
Jlavo-fioccosus, Batsch y Cent. \. f. 97 / — A. croceus^ Bolt. t.
51. f. 2. Sow. t. 19. With. V. 4. p. 183. Purt. v. 2 atidS.
n. 925. — A. carcharias, Pers. Ic. Pict. t, h.f. 1 — 3.

Woods, especially of fir, and on heaths amongst moss, roots of grass,
&c., and on the stumps of old fir-trees. Autumn. Not uncommon. —
Pure white with a slight rufescent tinge on the centre of the pileus and
base of the stem; Aimer, Dorsets. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Flesh-colour-
ed ; Scotland. Klotzsch in Hook. Herb. — Subgregarious. Pileus ^ to
1 inch broad, in general dull reddish-yellow, but occasionally ferrugin-
ous, pink, Vermillion or white. Fleshy in the centre, at first convex or
obtusely umbonate, at length often plane or depressed somew^hat
wrinkled, covered with furfuraceous scales. Gills white or yellowish
white, fixed to the stem ; ventricose and nearly free in depressed spe-
cimens. Stem 1 — 3 inches high,l — 4 lines thick, slightly incrassated at the
base, when young solid, but in age hollow, with a core occasionally run-
ning down from the centre of the pileus, and the base stuffed, sometimes
slightly compressed, with a subfugacious flocculose ring about the mid-
dle, above which it is slightly fibrillose, and beneath it scaly like the
pileus. In the white variety above mentioned, the pileus and stem were
mealy rather than scaly, and the ring attached in fragments to the edge
of the pileus.

Subgenus 3. Aumillaria; (from armilla, firing.') Veil
single, partial, springi7ig from the stem., and forming a persistent
ring ivhich in the unexjmnded plant is joined to the margin of the
pileus. Stem solid, firm, suhfihrillose, U7iequal. Pileus fie shy,
convex, expanded, obtuse, the epidermis always close even in the
scaly species, plainly distinct from the veil. Flesh ichite, firm.
Gills broad, unequal^ subacute behind. Colour of the gills ivhite
or pallid. — Autunmal species, persistent, esculent. Ring superior,
(refiected from the top of the stem^ ; or inferior, inserted at the

Agaricus.

FUNGI. 11

middle of the stem, closely connected with its epidermis, or inserted
above the middle.

18. A. constrictus, Fr. (white rneal-scenfed Agaric) ; pileiis
fleshy plano-convex obtuse smooth, gills close emarginate,
stem solid nearly equal, ring very narrow. Fr, Syst. Myc. v,
I. p. 28. Fr. El. p. 4.

In a meadow, on a spot bleached and scorched by cow-dung, (in moist
places in grass scorched by horse urine. F>. /. c.) and in the path of a
wood in a tuft of grass amongst which lay the bones of a rabbit. Sept. —
Oct. Woodnewton. King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire. liev. M. J. Ber-
keley.— Pure white. P'llevs obtuse, plano-convex, broadly umbonate,
fleshy, shining with a silky lustre like A. prunulus ; w hen bruised, it
assumes a very pale yellow tint. Gills close, very deeply emarginate, even
when quite young. " Sporules white, subelliptic. Slem 2 inches high, ^
of an inch thick, rather flexuous, fibrillose, solid, but the substance
within more lax and fibrillose, though not eminently so, very brittle.
When young there is a delicate web-like curtain, but this soon vanishes.
Odour very strong, like that of fresh flour. — This agrees so exactly in
every point but one with the description of A. constrictus in Fries' Elen-
chus, that I cannot persuade myself that it is different, though my
specimens, as regards the veil, seem rather to point to Tricholoma than
Armillaria. There is, however, no species of Trichoioma with which it
at all accords ; and as the veil is more subject to vary than almost any
other part of an Agaric, I venture, in the absence of any figure, to con-
sider my plant as the same with that of Fries. 1 am the more confirmed
in doing so, because in thousands of specimens of A. fastibilis, even in
the youngest stage of growth, I have never been able to see the least
trace of a veil, though Fries assigns it, and Schoeffer figures a distinct
one.

19. A. mucidus, Schrad. (musty Agaric); more or less tufted,
pileus thin glutinous, gills distant adnexed, stem bulbous, ring
sulcate superior reflexed and then erect. Schrad. Spic. p. 116.
(Jide Fr.) Pers. Syn. p. 266. Tratt. Fung. Aust. t. 14./. 27.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. /?. 28.—^. nitidus, Fl. Dan. t. 77S.—A.
splendens, Fl.Dan.t. 1130. — A. olivaceo-fuscus, Fl. Dan. t.lS72.

On trunks and sticks, especially of beech. The Rookery, Dorking,
Oct. 9, 1828. — Gregarious, caespitose. F i leiis \h \uch broad, (1—5,
Fr.) white tinged with brown, hemispherical, clammy, uneven, radiato-
rugose, tough, margin thin somewhat turned in. Gills broad distant
rounded behind, but not in front, adnate, margin serrulate. Stem
l^—ii inches high, 1 — 2 lines thick, bulbous, attenuated upwards often
curved, white, brown at the base where it has very minute adprcssed
scales, juicy, composed of fibres, solid, with a pale line down the centre.
Ring persistent, the margin often brown and slimy conijiosed as it were
of two coats the one arising from the sciuamula*, the other from the real
epidermis of the stem. Fries describes the ring as superior, deHexed
but close, and then again erect. But it adheres so closely to the stem
by its upper portion as very easily to escape notice in an ailvanced stage
of growth : when yotuig before the expansion of the pileus, the little
channel is visii)le between the ring and stem.

20. A. milieus, \M. (Uack-scaled Agaric); tufted, pileus
dirty yellow, rough witli black hairy scales, gills distant

12 FUNGI. [Agariciis.

adnato-decurrent, stem fibrillose, ring tumid patent. Fl. Dan.
L 1010. Bolt, t, U\. Ft. Sysl, Myc. «;. 1. p. 30. Grev. Fl.
Fid. p. 379. Sc. Crijp. Fl. t. 332. Klotzsch, Fang. Germ.
Exs. n. 2. — A. annularis. Bull. t. 370. 540. /, 3. — A. fusco-
jyallidus, Bolt. t. 138. — A. congregatus, t. 140. — A. laricinus,
t. 14. With. V. 4. p. 179. — A. elasticus, Bolt. t. 16. — A. stipitis,
Sow. t. 101. With. V. A. p. 178. Purt. v. 2 (^ 3. n. 920.

Near or upon old stumps. Sept. — Oct. Common. — Densely tufted.
Pileus 2 — 7 inches broad, fleshy, at first convex, then piano-expanded,
often subumbonate, and variously lobecl, dirty yellow, brownish-yellow^
or reddish, rough with reflexed scales, especially towards the centre,
which are first of a bright wax-yellow, but at length become dark
brown ; margin slightly striate ; flesh firm, consisting of fibres. Gills
distant adnato-decurrent, at first pale, at length reddish, mealy with the
white sporules. Stem 2 — 8 inches high, swollen at the base, thinnest
in the middle, fibrillose with a slight yellow pubescence at the base,
yellowish or reddish, occasionally somewhat scaly near the apex ; when
old often assuming various tints of blue, cinereous, &c., firm and elastic,
solid ; n«g large, yellow, tumid, spreading. In the young state, the stem
is nearly white from the fibres of the veil, which, as they become
separated, display the subjacent tints, and render the stem fibrillose.
Odour agreeable ; taste like that of A. campestris, with a slight degree
of acidity and somewhat acrid. — Notwithstanding Trattinnick's assertion
of its good qualities, and frequent' use in Austria, in which he could
scarcely be mistaken, Essb. Sclav, p. 46. t. D., it appears that it has
by others been found poisonous. See Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. I. c. and
RuqueSy Hist, des Champ.

Subgenus 4. Limacium ; (from Umax, a slug ; in allusion
to the sliminess of the species.) Veil slimy, thin, miiversal,
very fugacious. Stem tolerably firm, equal or attenuated at the
base, solid or stuffed, squamulose or spotted, not even. Pileus
fieshy, convex, expanded, firm, viscid when young or moist from
the veil. Flesh white. Gills constantly adnato-decurrent, rather
thick, distant, unequal, quite entire, white, in one species yellow, —
Solitary, autumnal, persistent Fungi, growing on the ground, often
late in the year.

* Ste7n squamidose.

21. A. cerasinus, Berk. (Laurel- scented Agaric) ; pileus pale
umber, the margin minutely tomentose, gills pinkish, stem
solid attenuated below, punctato-squamulose above.

Fir plantation, Winkbourn, Notts, Oct. 15, 1833. — Subgregarious,
sometimes three from the same root. Pileus 1^ — 2|- inches broad,
pale umber or ochraceous-bistre inclining to grey when old, fleshy, convex,
broadly umbonate, often more or less wavy, at length sometimes some
what depressed, viscid, shining when dry : margin clothed with minute
white down, divided into little linear heaps by the pressure of the gills
in the early stage of growth. Gills broad, decurrent, white with a
slight tinge of ochre or flesh colour, thick, very distant, some of them
forked. Sporules white. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, 2 — 6 lines thick,
white solid, generally attenuated below, punctato-squamulose above.

Ayaricus.] r U N G 1 . 13

Odour pleasant, exactly like that oV the leaves of Pntnus Lauro-cerasus.
A. eruhescens seems to be the nearest to this species which is remark-
able lor its pleasant smell of" bitter almonds. It is a very neat-looking
Agaric, and an undoubted Liviacmm.

22. A. eburneiis, Bull. (Ivory Agaric); white, smell not un-
pleasant, pileus smooth, gills broad, stem stuffed squamulose.
Bull, t, 1 18. 551. / 2. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 33. Grev. Ft.
Ed. p. 371 (m part). Pers. Syn. p. 264. Roques, Hist, des
Champ, p. 107. — A. nitens, Soiv. t. 71. With. v. 4. p. 150.

Woods. Oct. — Nov. Not common. Nork Park. Lady Arden.
Packington, Warw. Withering. — ^^ Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad, shining
when dry. Stem at length hollow, very various in stature, flexuous in
elongated specimens." Fr. I. c. — Inodorous, according to Bulliard ; of
a faint pleasant odour, according to Sowerby ; and, according to Roques,
not disagreeable, eaten in Italy under the name of jozzolo. — Fries
seems to have been somewhat puzzled with A. Cossus, Sow., and in his
" Elenchus" says that it has the habit of ^. incmcenus, but differs from
it in having a slimy pileus. Having found the plant, I am enabled to
vouch for the accuracy of Sowerby's figure and descri[)tion, and further,
to state positively that it belongs to the tribe Limacium, appearing to
differ principally from A. eburneus in its peculiar odour. The best course
at present will be to keep A. Cossus distinct, till it shall be ascertained
whether A. eburneus is constantly mild-scented. — Purton has by some
mischance misunderstood A. eburneus ^A. Virgineus ; Fries will cer-
tainly be found to be correct, if attention be paid to the characters
which bring them under two distinct subgenera. Greville united the two
in his Flora Edinensis, but in the Scottish Cryptogamic Flora he has
properly separated them.

23. A. Cossus, Sow. (Goat-Moth Agaric); fcetid, white,
smootli, gills broad, stem stuffed glanduloso-punctate above,
clothed below with a matted down. Sow. t. 121.

Woods. Oct. Peckham Wood, Surrey. Soiverby. King's Cliffe,
Northamptonshire. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus H inch broad, pure
white, slimy (slime consisting of round and oval bodies under a high
magnifier), shining when dry, stained here and there with yellowish ;
the disk sometimes subochraceous. Gills broad, thick, distant, adnato-
decurrent, connected by veins and themselves slightly veined. Spondes
white, elliptic. Stem i-^- inches high, 1 — 3 lines thick, nearly equal,
here and there yellow when bruised. Smell like that of the Larva of
the Goat-Moth, or a damp meadow, and remaining for a long time on
the fingers after touching it.

** Stem spotted.

24. A. olivdceo-albiis, Fr. (olive and white Agaric) ; pileus
umbonate smooth olive-brown, gills connected white, stem
solid spotted witli brown. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 34. — A.
limacinusy Schujf. t. 312.

Under trees and in bushy ground. Sept. — Oct. Laxton Park. Wo-
thorpc, Nortli:im|)tonshirc. Rev. M. J. Rcrhtlcy. — Pileus 2 — 3 inchrs
broad, at first conic, then expanded and broadly umbonate, livid olive-
brown, varied with tints of yellow and unil)er, very viscid (the slime com-
posed of flexuous filaments under a high magnifier), flesh thin on the mar-

14 FUNGI. [Agarictis,

gin which is turned in, white, minutely downy, sometimes slightly grooved
or striate. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, white, in decay greenish
yellow, sometimes ventricose, veiny. Sporules white, elliptic, with a
distinct border. Stem H — ^h inches high, \ — ^ an inch thick, generally
curved, fibrous within, above granulato-fibrillose, pitted, covered with
milky drops as in Boletus gmnulatiis. Ring in general indistinct,
though sometimes the margin of the viscid veil which clothes the rest
of the stem marking it with irregular dark blotches, is visible ; the base
of the stem yellow.

25. A. hypothejus, Yv. (yelloio slimy Agaric); pileus obtuse
smooth dirty yellow covered with olive slime, gills distinct
yellow as well as the somewhat spotted stem. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. I. p. 35. — A. limacinus, Sow. t. 8. Piirt. v. 3. p. 209. — A,
citrijius, With, v, 4. p. 195.^ — A. vitellinus, Alb. 8^ Schw. p. 179,
t. 10./. 3.

Fir groves (principally, perhaps, where the soil is sandy). Oct.
Local. — Pileus 1 — 4 inches broad, fleshy, at first conic obtuse, at length
expanded and depressed round the umbo or even infundibuliform,
covered with a thick dark gluten ; yellow towards the margin and
beneath the gluten ; the extreme margin turned in. Flesh yellow,
deeper towards the margin. Gills adnato-decurrent, yellow, sometimes
varying to a flesh-coloured tint, distinct, distant. Stem H — 3 inches
high, 2 — 9 lines thick, flexuous, stuffed above, fibrillose, below slimy,
submaculate, yellow. Odour fungoid, rather disagreeable.

26. A. aromdficus, Sow. {aromatic Agaric); pileus smooth
cinnamon, gills decurrent when young, rufescent as well as the
hollow stem. Sow. t. 144. Pers. Syn. p. 306. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. I. p. 33.

Walthamstow. Mr. B. M. Forster. — Pileus 2 — '6^ inches broad,
fleshy, generally covered with a thick glutinous skin which becomes
corrugated in drying, cinnamon, blackish like the rest of the plant when
bruised. Gills pinkish. Stem H — 3 inches long, 3 — 5 lines thick,
hollow and pithy. " Whole plant when fresh so tender that it is diffi-
cult to gather. Odour agreeable spicy. Taste watery with a pepper-
mint-like coolness in the mouth and a lasting roughness in the throat."
Sow. I. c. The above account is compiled from Sowerby. The stem
in the figure appears to be rather reticulated than spotted as Fries
supposes; and stuffed rather than truly hollow. The account of the
gills in the advanced stage is rather at variance with the figure, in which
they are adnate, the decurrent appearance being altered by the growth
of the pileus. In my copy the gills appear much darker than they
probably are in reality, owing to the colourer having used some pre-
paration of lead. In the section they are represented scarcely of a
darker pink than that which is assumed sometimes by the gills of ^4.
hypothejus.

Subgenus 5. Tricholoma ; (from ^^/g a hair, and >,w,aa a
fringe.) Veil partial, Jibrillose or floccose, very fugacious. Stein
fleshy, firm, subattenuated upwards, not even, but scaly, fibrillose,
or striate with innate fibrillce. Pileus fleshy, sometimes compact
liemisphericaly then expanded obtuse ; sometimes thi?i7ier, cam.

Ayaricus:\ FUNGI.

15

panulale when young ; margin thin, when young injiexed con-
tiguous loith the veil. Gilts unequal, juiceless, obtuse behind,
emarginate or rounded. — Rather large Fungi, persistent, solitary
or gregarious, growing on the ground ; many of them esculent
ivith an agreeable flavour ; others bitter.

* Pileus slimy when moist.

27. A. albo-brunneus, Pers. (white and brown Agaric);
pileus smooth slimy umber, gills white with a decurrent
tooth, stem stuffed. Pers. Syn. p. 293. Myc. Eur. v. 3.
p, 193. Fr.Syst.Myc. v. I. p. 37. — A. striatus, Schceff. t. 38 —
A. glutinosus. Bull. t. 258, 539, 587. /. 2 — A. viscosus, Purt.
V. 3. p. 208.

In clusters on the ground and on stumps thickly covered with
mould. Nov. Iron-cross, near Evesham, and Fairtree near Bridg-
north. Purton. — " Caespitose. Pileus 3 inches broad, convex, flattish,
very glutinous, dirty white, changing to a ferruginous tint. Gills white
or brown, very broad and slightly angular near the stem. Stem 3 inches
high, ^ an inch thick, generally swollen near the middle, attenuated
above and below, towards the base highly ferruginous. When young
covered with a kind of shaggy wool, which disappears in the perfect
plant. Remarkably glutinous, so that the leaves and sticks which are
in contact with it can scarcely be separated from the pileus without
tearing it." BuUiard describes his plant as having no unpleasant taste
nor smell ; and Fries in his Obs. Myc, confirms this, and suspects
that it may be eatable. Persoon, on the contrary, who describes four
states, pronounces all more or less bitter and acrid. The pileus ap-
pears when grown to be constantly smooth ; but the stem though
occasionally smooth appears generally to have the apex pale and
squamulose, and the lower part of the stem more or less marked with
transverse scales.

28. A.fulvus, Retz, {tawny Agaric) ; pileus slimy streaked
with small fibrillous scales rufous-tawny, gills adnexed yellow,
stem hollow equal fibrillose. Bull. t. 555. /. 2. 574. /. 1.
Dec. Fl. Fr. V. 2. p. 186. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. 1. j). 37 — A.
incertus, Schceff. t. Q>±-.b. gills pallid, Retz, V. A. II. 17G9.
p. 'il'l. {fide Fr.) — A. compactus, Sow. Sapp. ^ 416.

Var.b. Grassnndertrees,andridings ofwoods. Sept. Keynston, Dors.
Miss Rackctl. Fineshade, King's Clitle, Northamptonshire, llcv. ]\f. J.
Berkeley. — PUeus 3 inches or more broad, when young conico-hemi-
spherical, the margin involute and minutely tomentose, when old ex-
panded, discoid, broadly umbonatc, fleshy, very slimy when moist, when
dry most minutely aclpresso-s(|uamulose of a beautiful deep red-i)rown,
the margin paler and slightly tubercled, the tul)ercles not round but
long and simple. 6'///.v pale, a dilute shade of the pileus, somewhat
undulated, rounded behind, nearly free (in Sowerby's fig. adnexo-
decurrent) ; when wounded by insects red-brown. Sponihs white,
round. Stem 21 inches high, nearly \ an inch thiik, rather thickest at
the base, curved, rufescent below, nearly white above, subfibrillosc or
subs(|uamulose below, fibrilloso-glandidose al)ove, at first solid, then
more or less hollow. Odour like that of fresh meal.— My specimens agree
more ncarlv with Bull t. 555. /. 2, than with the other figure, but they

Hi FUNGI. [Ayariciis.

evidently are Fries' var. b. There is little doubt that Sowerby's A. com-
pactus is the same, though rather more robust and the stem more
strongly marked. He describes it as rather viscid, white, and blush-
coloured within. The gills pale buft^ with a blush shade more or less
conspicuous. Pileus white within. Fries, however, in his Ind. alph.
p. 14. considers it his A. virgatus.

29. A./ucdtus, Fr. (^stained Agaric); pileus flexuous streaked
slimy lurid, gills emarginate yellowish-white as well as the
subsqiiamulose stem. Fr, Syst. 3Iyc. v. \. p. 40. Pers. Myc,
Etir.v. S.p. 182.

Open grassy places in woods. Autumn. King's Cliffe, Northampton-
shire. Bev. M. J. Berkeley. Oct. — Pileus slightly viscid, flesh thick in the
centre, the margin thin,yellowish with cinereous fibrillae,subrimulose,with
a satiny lustre. Gills broad, emarginate, slightly wavy, moderately thick,
not distant, scarcely connected by veins, with a very slight tinge of yel-
low. Stem tinged with yellow, as is the outer flesh, punctato-squamu-
lose, bulbous, attenuated upwards. Odour like that of new flour. — Dif-
fers from the following in being decidedly viscid. The stem is more
shortly bulbous, not apt to become elongated or flexuous, more decidedly
squamulose and with the gills of a yellowish tinge. The gills of both
are broad in my specimens. Persoon in his specific character of _4. luri-
dus, calls them narrow, but mentions likewise a state with whitish, broad
gills. I find no difference in odour.

30. A, luridiis, SclicefF. (Jiirid Agaric) ; pileus flexu-
ous not viscid, gills emarginate, stem solid subsquamulose.
Sc'hceff. L 69. Pers. Sijn. p. 321. 3Iyc, Eur. v. 3. p. 181.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 40.

Grassy paths in woods. Sept. — Oct. Cotterstock, Northamptonshire.
Rev, M. J.Berkeley. — Subgregarious. Pileus 3 inches broad, at first con-
vex, then expanded, often lobed and waved, brown or greyish with tints
of yellow, subumbonate, fibrilloso-striate, fleshy, flesh firm. Gills
broad, thick, rounded behind, nearly free, but adnexed by a small tooth,
connected by veins much broken, or notched. Stem 2 — 4 inches long,
3 — 3 lines thick, obese, nearly equal, or slightly attenuated, solid, mi-
nutely and closely fibrillose, pulverulento-squamulose above where it is
yellowish, undulated, sometimes but not constantly of a beautiful red
when bruised. Odour like that of new flour. — Persoon describes it as
varying with a pileus quite smooth and almost shining, or minutely
squamulose, the squamulae black or of the same colour with the pileus.
Gills yellowish or dirty white, narrow or broad. Stem straight or in-
curved and flexuous. Repeated observations will probably convince
us of the necessity of uniting this and the foregoing species.

** Pileus always dry.

31. A.pachyphyllus, Berk, (thick-gilled Agaric); pileus fleshy-
waved minutely adpresso-squamulose umbonate ochraceous,
the disc umber, gills thick moderately distant nearly free, stem
solid nearly equal pruinose.

Fir plantation among fir leaves. Winkbourn, Notts. Oct. 15, 183.3.
— Gregarious, subcaespitose. Pileus 2 — 4 inches broad, rather wavy,
umbonate, at length often depressed, ochraceous, shaded towards the

A^aricus.] FUNGI. 17

centre with umber, minutely squamulose, sometimes in large old speci-
mens the epidermis cracks in broad scales, but then these are clothed
with the smaller ones ; flesh ver}' firm. Gills slightly adnexed or nearly
free, acute behind, moderately distant, thick, fleshy, having somewhat
the appearance of those of Dcedalea hetidina, acquiring at length an
ochraceous hue, here and there stained with umber. Sporules white.
Stem \\ — 2 inches long, | of an inch thick, solid, nearly equal, pruinose,
much paler than the pileus. Odour rather strong. It does not appear
to be viscid in any state, my specimens being quite dry though
gathered in very rainy weather.

32. A. rutilans, SchcefF. (crimson-red downy Agaric) ; pileus
obtuse dry yellow covered with crimson-red scaly down, gills
close yellow rounded, stem subsolid variegated. Schceff. t.
219. Pers. Syn. p. 320. Fr. Sijst. Myc.v. l.;j>. 41. Grev,
Fl. Ed. p. 371. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ. exs. n. 4. — A. xeram-
pelinus, Soiv. t. 31. With. v. 4. p. 197. Purt. v. S.p. 210. —
A. serratis, Bolt. t. 14.

Woods, on stumps, especially of fir. Sept. — Oct. Not unconmion.
— Subcasspitose. Pileus 2 — 4 inches broad, at first hemispherical or
somewhat cylindrical, at length expanded, obtuse, more rarely plane ;
clothed with a short dense crimson-red, or olive-purple down ; margin
involute, white ; as the pileus expands the yellow epidermis becomes
visible in the interstices of the down which is then- scattered. Gills
free, broad, rounded behind, but often when old adnexed, sometimes
forked, bright yellow, floccoso-serrate ; margin turning sometimes to a
rich yellow-brown. Stem 2^ — 3^ inches high, ^ — 1 inch thick, downy
like the pileus, only the down is shorter, very obtuse at the base, atten-
uated upwards, solid at first, afterwards occasionally hollow. Odour
strong, disagreeable ; taste bitter, nauseous.

33. A. imhricdtus, Fr. (large brown Agaric) ; pileus dry
squamulose umber-rufous, margin paler pubescent, gills dirty
wiiite with a ruddy tint, stem stuffed pale and pulverulent at
the apex. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1 . p. 42.

In fir plantations. Sept.— Oct. Beeston, Notts. 1832, 1833. On a
sandy soil. — (iregarious. Pileus 2 — 3^ inches broad, dry, obtuse, at
first subconic, then convex, expanded, sometimes plane, very broadly
umbonate, fleshy, rich red-brown, fibrilloso-squamulose, rimulose, the
umbo darker with the fibrillas closer; occasionally the pileus is scarcely
.s(juamulose but clothed with ad|)ressed silky fibrilke. Margin involute,
paler, tonientose. Gills slightly rounded behind, subadnate, with a
minute tooth, or nearly fi'ee, umber when bruised, not very broad.
Sporules round, white. Stem 2^ — 4 inches high ; h — '^ of an inch
thick, firm, stnfted, at length more or less hollow ; sometimes strongly
attenuated, but in the same groupe incrassated at the base, fibrillose, of
the colour of the pileus, nearly white above, where it is s(|namulose or
pubesccnti-s(|uamulose. There is no trace of a ring in any stage of
growth. Odour and taste scarcely any. Habit somewhat like that <>l"
Boletus scuber.

34. A. vacciuus, Scha»ff. (scaly brown Agaric); pileu;^ umbo-
nate rufous, epidermis torn into hairy scales, margin tonientose,

c

18 FUNGI. [Aijaricioi.

gills fixed dirty white with a ruddy tinge, stem hollow
fibrillose. Schceff. t. 25. Pers. Syn. p. 293. With. v. 4. p,
185. Fr. Sijsi. Myc. v. 1. p. 42. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p.
184. — A. impubery Batsch, Cont. 1. /. 116. — A. rufus, Pers. Ic.
et Descr.p. 6. t. 2./. 1 — 4.

Fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Edgbaston. Withering. Kinnordy, Scot-
land. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.—" Pileus 1—2 inches broad, when
young campanulate, clothed with scales, those in the centre thick, broad,
short^on the margin consisting of fasciculate hairs. Gills rather broad,
emarginate, nearly free, at first dirty white, in age of a rufous hue, the
margin generally stained with rusty spots. Stem 3—4 inches high, ^
an inch thick, beset with hairy scales which mostly point upwards, paler
than the pileus, whitish above ; base clothed with white down. Veil
fugacious. Taste bitter." Pers. Ic. et Desc. I. c— Fries describes
this species as smaller, less firm, thinner, the gills more adnate and dis-
tant than in the last. Klotzsch's specimens, which are almost smooth,
if he is correct in referring them to A. vaccinus, would go far, if we may
judge from the dried plant, to show the propriety of uniting them.
Persoon in his 3Iyc. Eur. does not admit A. imbricatus to the rank of
a species.

35. A. multiformis, Schceff. (cinereous dotv?iy Agaric); pileus
mouse-grey thin obtuse clothed with matted down more or
less raised into minute scales, stem white stuffed fibrillose,
Schopff. t. 14. — A. lividus, Huds. Fl. Aug. p. Q>\Q. — A. terreiis,
Sow. t. 76. rar. 4. With. v. 4. p. 176. — A. madreporius, Batsch,
Cont. 2. /. 203. — A. myomyces, var. madreporius, Pers. Myc.
Eur. V. 3. p. 202.

Fir plantations. Sept.— Oct. Very common. Gregarious, often in
large rings. Pileus 1 — 2^ inches broad, when young conic with a deli-
cate arachnoid veil, then obtuse expanded, quite plane, variously waved,
sometimes minutely umbonate, thin, mouse-grey, or very dark cinereous
approaching to blue, clothed with flat and matted down, with sometimes
a few depressed or raised squamulae of the same colour ; margin in-
flexed ; flesh cinereous. Gills rather distant, broad, the margin wavy
more or less rounded behind and attached by a tooth, more or less cin-
ereous especially when young, sometimes almost violet ; traversed by
a few indistinct connecting veins. Spondes white. Stem 1 — 3 inches
high, i— i an inch thick, stuffed, at length hollovv, beautifully
fibrilloso-sericeous, sometimes a little pulverulent, white, the base
occasionally subnifescent ; sometimes short and obtuse and sometimes
subattenuated. Pileus and stem very brittle. No particular taste or

odour. There appear to be two distinct species included under A.

myonnjces by authors, and that of Fries is probably a third. A. midti-
formis, Schceff. appears to be one, and A. argijracens. Bull, the other.
The two frequently grow together in fir plantations, but the latter is by
no means confined" to them, and while the one is almost void of taste or
scent, the other has decidedly a smell like that of new flour, varying
occasionally to the peculiar fungoid smell of Polyporus squamosus.

36. A. argyrdceu^. Bull, (brown-scaled Agaric); pileus dry
firm tufted with dark hairs, gills emarginate rather distant dirty
white, stem solid unequal. Bull. t. 156, 513./. "^..—A.terreus,

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 19

Schoeff. L 64. With. v. 4. p. 175. — A. myomyces^ Pers, Syn.
p. 345. Myc, Eur, v. 3. p. 202,

Fir plantations, borders of woods, &c. Oct. — Nov. Not uncommon.
Pileus 1^ — 3 inches broad, fleshy, obtuse, generally umbonate, often
depressed, pale rufescent, lilac-brown, whitish,yellowish, &c., with rufous
squamulae, and sometimes a depressed down. Gills rounded behind or
emarginate, nearly or quite free, exceedingly brittle, dirty white with
sometimes a cinereous tinge towards the margin, turning yellow in
decay. Stem 1 — H inch high, | — % of an inch thick, of a more waxy
appearance than the last but fibrillose, stuffed, white; sometimes of the
same colour as the pileus, swollen below and marked with little dark
scales. Odour strong, like that of new flour. — I think it better to call
this species by BuUiard's name than by that of SchoefFer, as the figure
of the latter is not very good, while that of Bulliard, especially^. 513./.
2, is an exact representation of the plant I have in view. In general
there is scarcely any trace of a ring, but I have m.et with a variety with
a very thick, narrow, permanent, woolly ring. Fries' plant has a smell
like that of mice and is reddish when cut, characters wholly at variance
with this or the foregoing species. According to his Ind. Alph. it is
now A. snjjonaceus, Linnaea, V. p. 721.

37. A. Columhetta^ ¥i\ (white downy-hordered Agaric) ; white,
pileus irregular at length often rinioso-squamose, gills- close
emarginate, stem solid blunt smooth. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.

p, 44 A. leucocephcdiis, Bidl. t, 428./. 1. 536. With. v. 4.

p. 176.

Amongst grass. Pasture-land, particularly by the long stew, Edgbas-
ton. Oct. 27, 1790. Withering. — "■ Pileus 1^ — 4 inches broad, con-
vex, silky, centre dilute mouse-colour lightly shaded off, border white
when young, sometimes tinged with pink, cracking with age. Gills fixed,
white, brittle. Stem 2 inches high, 3 — 6 lines thick, solid, white, cylin-
drical, but often compressed, crooked, silky, central when young, not
always so in a more advanced age." With. /. c. Fries' plant is pure
white, often spotted with reddish ; that of Bulliard has a yellowish
tinge. The only point of discrepancy in Withering's species is the silky
stem, but this does not decidedly disprove the correctness of his quota-
tion, and it is therefore inserted on his authority.

38. A. sejmictusy Sow, (yellow-ivhite Agaric) ; pileus subum-
bonate dry yellow streaked with black hairs, gills emarginate
broad white as well as the solid stem. Soiv. t. 120. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. I. p. 47. — A. Icucosanthiis, Pers. Syn.p.'dW). Myc.
Eur. V. S.p. 180.

Woods. Autunm. Suwerby. — *' Pileus dirty yellow or nearly white.
(rills whitish and thickest near the stem, somewhat flattened, as it were,
by separating from it in a peculiar manner and partly adhering to each
other." Sow. I. c. " Bitter. Gills rather distant, brittle. Pileus 2 — 5
inches broad. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, i — 1 inch thick, nearly equal,
smooth, slightly striate." Fr. I. c.

39. A. persondtus, Fr. (variable blue-stemmed Agaric) ; pileus
smooth, margin villoso-pruinose, gills rounded free inclining to
violet as well as the solid somewhat bulbous stem. Fr. Syst. Myc.

20 FUNGT. [Jgaricu^.

V. I. p. 50.—^. hulhosus, Huds. Fl. Ang.j). 611. Bolt. Ul,—A,

violaceus, Soiv. t. 209 A. nudus. var. 2. With. v. 4. p. 192.

Pastures. Oct. — Jan. Very common. — Gregarious, frequently in
large rings. Pileus 2 — G inches broad, j3eshy, firm, pale bistre or purple-
lilac, occasionally violet, convex, obtuse, very smooth and shining as if
oiled but not viscid, margin involute, pulverulento-tomentose. Gills
rounded, free, not distant, narrow in front, paler than the pileus, some-
times violet, turning to a dirty flesh colour, especially when bruised.
Stem 1 — 3 inches high, | of an inch thick, firm, bulbous, solid, mottled
within towards the apex with watery spots ; clothed more or less with
villous fibrillae, tinged with violet. Odour like that of A. Oreades, but
rather overpowering, taste pleasant. This species has been confounded,
by both Purton and Greville, with the true A. inolaceiis ; but in a MSS.
of the former now before me it is rightly distinguished. Sold, accord-
ing to Sowerby, in Covent Garden market under the name of Blewitts.

40. A. 7iudus^ Bull, {naked violet Agaric) ; gregarious, pileus
thin smooth lilac changing to rufous, gills rounded pale violet,
stem solid equal naked. Bull. t. 439. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
7?. 52.

Gardens, woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Oundle, Woodnewton.
Northamptonshire. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — PUeiis about 2 inches broad,
thin, obtuse, plane or subdepressed at first amethyst-coloured, but
changing to a pinky rufous ; margin involute. Gills of the same colour
as the pileus, rounded behind though sometimes decurrenti-adnate, con-
nected and traversed by veins. Stem 2 inches high, 3 — 4 lines thick,,
stuffed with spongy fibres, subequal, at first fibrillose, at length nearly
smooth, more or less of the colour of the pileus.

41. A. bldfidus, Berk, (ptdverulent dore-coloured Agaric) ;
pileus thin pulverulent grey-lilac, gills broad rounded behind
and nearly free pure white, stem slender subfibrilloso-rimose
subbulbous, the base brown.

Plantations and road-sides. Sept. — Oct. Milton, Norths. Mr. ,/,
Henderson. Stibbington, Hunts. King's Cliife, Norths., &c. Rev. M. J.
Berkeley. — PUeiis 2^ inches broad, plano-convex, umbonate, very mi-
nutely pulverulento-tomentose, so that when touched the impression of
the fingers remains upon it, not brittle, moderately fleshy, dry, the mar-
gin sometimes undulate, grey-lilac with a tinge of brown on the umbo.
In young specimens the pileus is sometimes of a browner cast, the edge
white and minutely downy, but the pulverulent appearance scarcely
discernible. Gills broad, rounded behind and nearly free, white, their
margin undulate, brittle, becoming rather brown at the edge as they dry.
Sporules white, round. Stem 2 inches high, 2 lines thick, (f of an inch
at the base) subbulbous and brownish at the base, the brown colour
penetrating the flesh to the centre ; solid, rather brittle, composed of
fibres, pulverulento-squamulose at the apex, subfibrilloso-rimose below,
with a little down at the base. — I cannot find any species at all agree-
ing with this well-marked and elegant Agaric. The gills have not the
slightest tinge of violet, nor is the habit that of y/. nudus. Indeed, were
it not for the subbulbous stem and nearly free gills, I should have placed
it in the division Thrausti of Clitocybe.

Subgenus 6. Russula ; (a name formed by Scopoli from rifs-

Aguricm.] rUNGI. "gl

stilus, red). Veil none. Stem smooth^ spongy within, Pileus
with a fleshy disk and thin murgiri which is not ir flexed at any
period of growth. Gills juicelesSy either all equal, or with a few
shorter intermixed or forked, rigid, brittle, broad in front, narrow
behind, acute, properly free, but apparently adnato-decurrent from
the diffusion of tJie stem into the pileus. Asci slender, sporules white
or subochraceous. Gills white or yellow. Large or middle-sized
Fungi, rigid, persistent, solitary, growing on the ground.

* Sporules yellow.

42. A. alutdceus, Pers. (buff-gilled Agaric) ; pileus subcom-
pact, margin at length furrowed, gills broad equal tan-coloured.
Pers. Syn. p, 441. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 55. JRoques, Hist.

des Champ, t. 10./. 3. — A. pectinaceus, Bull.t. 509./ Q.R.S

A. campanidatus, Pers. I. c. p. 440. — A. auratus, With. v. 4. p.
184. — A. olivaceus. With. I. c. p. 199. — A. sapidusy Roques, L e.
/. 10./4.

Woods. July — Oct. Not uncommon. — /''i/e?^,? 3 inches broad, fleshy,
timooth, viscid when moist, depressed, margin at first even, more or less
furrowed and tubercled when old, pink, livid, oHve, &c. Gills broad,
■equal, sometimes slightly forked, ventricose, free, connected by veins.
Sporules yellow. Stem H inch long, 1 inch thick, blunt, surface longi-
tudinally wrinkled or grooved, solid, spongy within, smooth, white, some-
times yellow. Taste mild, pleasant, acrid when old. By common con-
sent pronounced esculent, but individual specimens occur which prove
almost as acrid as A. emeiicus.

43. A. luteus, Huds. (^yellow simple-gilled Agaric) ; middle-
sized, margin of the pileus even, gills narrow close equal egg-
yellow. Huds. PI. Ang. p. 611. Pers. Syn. p. 4A2. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 55. — A. integer, var. 6. With. v. 4. p. 182.

Woods. Aug. Kinnordy, Scotland. Klotzsch, in Houk. Herb. —
*' Pileus 1 — 2 inches broad, piano-depressed, rather viscid, yellow,
becoming pale, rarely white. Gills connected by veins. Stem more or
less hollow, slender. Taste mild. Brittle." Fr. I. c.

44. A. nitidus, Pers. {iieat simple-gilled Agaric) ; pileus thin,
margin furrowed, gills broad rather distant equal yellow. Pers.
Syn. p. 444. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 56. Grev. PI. Ed. p. 372.
— A.purpureus, Schaff. t. 254. — A. risigalliuus. Putsch, Cont. 1.
/72.

Woods. Autumn. Not uncommon. — Pileus 1 — 2 inches broad,
convex, becoming nearly plane or depressed, viscid when moist, margin
very thin, at first even, afterwards furrowed and tubercled, mostly yel-
low but occasionally tinged with purple. G'/7/j bufi", coiuiecteii by veins,
all e(jiial, free. Spunilcs round, pale yellow. Stem 1 — 2 inches long, h
an inch thick, spongy, at length hollow, white or yellowish, covered
N\ilh a minute white meal so that the im|)ression of the fingers is left
U])on it.

** Sporules white.

45. /I. emeiicus, Schteff. (common simplc-gillcJ Agaric) ; lai'ge

22 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

compact, margin of the pileus at length furrowed, gills broad
mostly equal white. Schceff. t. 15. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 57
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 372. Eoques, Hist, des Champ, p. 82. t. 2. — A.
cyanoxa7ithes, Schceff. t. 93. A. virescens, Schceff. t. 94. — A. in-
teger, Bolt. t. 1. Sow, t.20\. With, v. 4.;^. iSO. Piirt. v. 2.
4* 3. n. 922.— A. pectinaceiis, Bull. t. 509.

Woods. July — Dec. Very common. — Pileus 2 — 5 inches broad,
glutinous when young, smooth, hemispherical, at length plane, depres-
sed in the centre; margin thin, striato-sulcate, purple, rose-red, bluish,
fuscous, )ellovv or even white. Gills rather distant, broad, rigid, thick-
ish, connected by veins, equal, with a very few smaller interspersed, al-
ways white. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, longitudinally rugulose, firm, solid,
white or tinged with the colour of the pileus, very acrid and poisonous,
a very small piece producing bad effects. See Roques, I. c.

46. A. ruher^ Lam. {red simple-gilled Agaric) ; very acrid,
pileus deep rose-red, margin even, gills forked white. Dec.
Fl. Fr. V. 2. p. 140. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 58. — Amanita
rubra, Lam. Encycl. p. 105. (fide Fries). — A. sanguineus, BidL
t. 42 A. integer, var. 4. With. v. 4. p. 181.

Pastures, particularly under large oaks. Aug. Edgbaston. Withering.
— " Pileus compact dry, even, scarcely brittle, of a cellular texture. Gills
close. Stem 2 'inches high, firm, often tinged with rose. Very bitter
like gall. Extremely acrid." Fr. I. c. According to Decandolle the
stem is often marked with little black or rose-coloured streaks. With-
ering describes the stem as eminently spongy and this accords with
M. Roques' description of it when old.

47. A. fcetens, Pers, {f(Etid simple-gilled Agaric) ; acrid,
strong-scented, pileus cl'.rty yellow, margin furrowed and tuber-
cled, gills connected, white as well as the hollow stem. Pers.
Syn. p. 443. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 59. — A.pipiratus, Btdl.
t. 292. — A. incrassafus, Sow. t. 415.

Woods. July — Sept. Not uncommon. — Gregarious. Pileus 4 — 5 inches
broad, at first convex, the margin broadly folded inwards, convex, at
length more or less depressed with the margin somewhat vaulted, fleshy
in the centre, the margin thin, furrowed and tubercled, the striae appear-
ing as if a glutinous membrane were stretched over them, dirty yellow,
rather brittle. Gills forked, dirty white or yellowish, moderately broad,
connected by veins. Stem 3 — 4 inches high, above 1 inch thick, obtuse,
incrassated "at the base, ruggedly hollov/ within, as if eaten by snails,
white or with a dirty yellow tinge, depresso-tomentose ; beneath the
gills minutely pitted 'longitudinally, /^s/i rather yellow. — Highly acrid,
odour very strong, and penetrating, empyreumatic, somewhat resembling
that of prussic acid, but exceedingly disagreeable.

48. A.furcatus, Lam. (green forked-gilled Agoric) ; inodor-
ous, subacrid, pileus greenish, margin even, gills forked white.
Pers. Syn. p. 446. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 59. Rogues, Hist,
des Champ, t. 12./. 2. — Amanita fur caia. Lam. Enc. I. p. 106.
(fide Fries).— A. hifidus, Bull. t. 26.

Woods. East Morden, Dors. Sept. Bev. M. J. Berkeley.—'' Stem

Af/ancus.] FUNGI. 23

stufltd, moderately firm, white. FUeus when young plane, the margin
deflexed, then subinfnndibuliform, green." Fr. i. c. Taste acrid in my
specimens,— bitteribli. I'ers. — subnauseous. Fr. Ruqucs,

49. A. viresci7is, Pers. (jnild forhed-gilled Agaric); mild,
pileus nearly plane, margin even, gills forked and dimidiate
white. Per^. Sf/n. p. 447. Tratt. Fang. Aust. <. 11. ?/. 21.
Fr. Syst.3Iyc.v. 1.;?. 59. Roqiies, Hist, des Chanrp. t. i2.f. 3,
4. — A.farcatus, vur. heterophyllus, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 59.

Woods. Not uncommon. Jtily — Sept. Scotland, Kloizsch in Hook.
Herb. Kensington gardens. \Vansford, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berke-
ley.— Pileus 4 inches broad, convex, at length slightly depressed and
irregular, of various livid hues, yellow, purple and green, fleshy, rugulose,
very slightly viscid, margin even. The edge of the pileus sometimes
hangs down in a singular manner. The texture is altogether vesicnlose,
cpnsisting of roundish cells. Gills white, forked, sometimes anastomo-
sing at the base, rather close, moderately rigid, elastic. Sporides round,
white. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, ^ an inch or more thick, obtnse at the
base, various in form, slightly reticulated with raised lines. Taste
and odour mild.— Excellent for food according to M. Roques and
eaten under the nam.e of " verdelte,^' but requires to be carefully distin-
guished from the foregoing and other acrid Rn.vuilcc. Trattinick's figure
belongs apparently to this, his description evidently embraces this and
A. furcatus.

50. A. adiisfKs, Pers. (scorc/ied Agaric) ; pileus depressed
changing to black as if scorched, margin oven, gills unequal
distant white, stem solid blunt. Peis. Syn. p. 459. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. \. p. GO. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 207. — A. rtigricansy
Bull. t.2\2.

Woods. Sept. — Oct. Conmion. — Pileus 2^ — 3^ inches broad, white,
smooth or clothed with a very minute pubescence or meal, which, when
touched, turns black, plauo-d-pressed, at length infundibuliform, flesh
thick, firm, crisp, turning red when cut ; when old the whole plant is
black and remains in that state for a long time. Margin not involute.
Gills narrow, pale yellowish, thick, distant, forked, decurrciit. Sporules
white, round. Stem .3 inches high, nearly 1 inch thick, siihincrassated
below, very obtuse ; substance and surface like that of the pileus. In
a specimen with a cinereous-olive pileus, broken into areola?, the gills
were nearly free.

/3. eJephantinus ; pileus yellowish-brown ; gills yellowish-
white ; stem solid white. Soiu. t. SG. Part. v. 3. p, 203. — A,
adustiis, var. elej)hanlinns, Grev. Fl. Fd. p. 373.

Woods and shady ()laces. — P^Yc-w* large, inelegant, 4 — 7 inches broad,
rather pale when young and glutinous becoming yellowish dingy brown
and cracking, at length blackish as if it had l)een exposed to fire. Stem
2 — 3 inehes high, 2 inches thick, dirty white." Grev. I. c.

Subgenus 7. Galoruheus; (fvomyaXu, wil/i,iiiH\ ^iu), tojloir).
Veil none. Stem naked , Jinny suhcrp/(d, dijf'used into the pileus.
Pileus fleshy, firm, phi no-depressed, umbilicate, margin cv(n, when
young involute. (nils vncfpudy often forked, lutrroWy attenuated

24 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

behind, adnato-decurrent. The whole plant ahoiinding with a i milhy
juice. Asci small. Sporules white, yellow in A. fiiliginosus. Large
or middle-sized persistent frequently acrid Fungi growing on the
ground,

* Pileus more or less viscid.

51. A. torminosus, Schceff. (bearded pepper Agaric) ; pileus
smooth zoned pale, margin sliaggy, stem hollow even. Schceff.
t. 12. Sow. t. 103. Purt v. S.p. 397. (quoad syn. Bull.) Fr.
Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1. p. 63. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 373.— J. piperatus,
Linn. Suec. 1 195. With. v. 4. p. 164.—^. Necator, Bull. t. 529.
/. 2. With. V. 4. p. 168. Boques, Hist, des Champ, t. 13./. 3, 4.

Klotzsch, Fung. Germ, exs. n. 5.

Woods, especially of fir, heaths, thickets, borders of fields, &c. June —
Oct. Local. Dundas Hill near Edinburgh. Dr. GrevUle. Cliftou.
Lambley, Notts. Laxton, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. N. Wales,
W. Wihon, Esq. — Pileus 2 — 5 inches broad, smooth or nearly so, except the
involute margin which is most copiously shaggy ; depressed, more or less
zoned, of a beautiful ochre or (sometimes) strawberry colour, at first
viscid. Milk white, very acrid, not changeable. Gills rather narrow,
nearly of the same colour as the pileus, but yellower and paler, slightly
forked. Stem 1 ^ — 2 inches long, ^ an inch thick, sometimes shining,
obtuse, paler than the pileus, at length hollow, clothed with a minute
depressed down. Very acrid ; but the Russians preserve it in salt and
eat it seasoned with oil and vinegar. See Rogues, Hist, des Champ,
p. 88.

52. A. cilicioides, Fr. (downy milhy Agaric) ; pileus tomen-
tose, dingy pale reddish or salmon-colour, gills yellowish, stem
robust partly hollow. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 63. Grev. Fl.
Ed. p. 373. JoJmst. Fl. Bcrw. v. 2. p. 165. — A. Necator, var. 2.

With. V. 4.]). 168.

In woods or in grassy places under large trees. Autumn. Under
large Spanish Chestnut trees in Edgbaston Park. WitJiering. Braid Her-
mitage near Edinburgh. Grev. Near Berwick. Johnston. — ''Pileus 2 — 4
inches broad, depressed, margin rounded, involute, reddish-buff", some-
times glutinous, very downy, becoming fibrillose at the margin. Gills
yellowish, irregular and often branching, apparently decurrent from the
expansion of the stipes into the substance of the pileus. Flesh yellow-
ish-white, darker towards the surface. Stem about 2 inches high, nearly
1 inch thick, dingy white, yellow or brown. There is no juice, but a
considerable moisture on the surface of the pileus which seems to
originate from the plant." Grev. I. c.

53. A. Necator, Bull, (deadly milky Agaric); pileus smooth
zoned olivaceous-umber, margin shaggy, stem stuffed. Bull. t.
14. — A. torminosus, Purt. v. 3. />. 396 (quoad Sy?i. Bidl).

' In A. Volemum I have seen particles in the milk moving nbout in every
direction with immense rapidity, exactly like those observable in Gamboge
mixed with water. Sometimes specimens of various species occur entirely
destitute of milky juice, and at other times the juice is watery.

Agaricus.]

FUNGI. 25

Woods and heaths. Hare. Sept. Piirton " *S'/e?« short, attenuated,

paler than the {)ileus, white within, Fileus regnhu', often plano-disci-
forni, viscid, firm, margin at length unrolled. GUIs dirty white, yellow
or flefth colour." Fr. l. c. The account of A. iorminosiis and A. Neratur
is somewhat confused in the Midland Flora, but after a careful consider-
ation of it, as well as of a MSS. now before me, it appears quite certain
that Mr. Purton's A. Necator is the real A. turniiiiusus, as he quotes
Bull. t. 5'29.f. 2 ! !, though not so sure whether he has ever found the real
A. Necator. His account, however, as regards the surface of the pileus,
agrees with that of Bulliard, who describes and figures it not only as
ciliated on the border, but as having the whole surface tufted. 1 feel
myself therefore bound to insert it.'

54. A. zo7idrius, W itli. Qurid-zoned Agaric) ; pileus viscid
zoned lurid, gills white, milk changing- to red, stem hollow.
With. V. 4. p. 180. Sow. t. 203. Purt. v. 2. p. G32 Sf 3. p. 398.
(m part). — A. biridus, Pers. Syn. p. 43G. JFr. Syst. Myc. v. 1 .
p. 65. — A.fuscus, Schceff. t. 235.

Plantations and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Rare. Edgbaston. Withering.
Kinnordy. Garscube, Scot. Klotzsch in Houk. Herb. — " Pileus 2 — 3
inches broad, nearly plane, rufescent from cinereous with brown zones.
Milk at first while. Stem H inch high, pale." Fr. I. c. As there is a
species with the specific name oi'lnridus in the subgenus Tricholoma,
it is necessary to alter that of Persoon and Fries, I have therefore
restored Withering's name.

55. A. dcris, Bolt, (acrid milhy Agaric) ; pileus viscid not
zoned sooty-cinereous, gills yellow, milk turning red, stem
stuffed. Bolt. t. 60. With. v. 4. p, 166. Fr. Sysf. Myc, v. 1.
p, 65. — Owphalomycesy S)C. Batt. t. 13. E — A. deliciosus, var.
Batsch, Cord. 1./. 68.

Woods. Aug. — Nov. Near Halifax. Bolton. Grounds of C. Lyell,
Esq. Kinnordy, Scotland. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. — " Pileus almost
always excentric, emarginate, unequal, livid brown. Gills rather distant.
Stem attenuated downwards, short, i)allid. Milk extremely acrid, dirty
white, then rose-coloured, then yellowish ; seldom unchangeable." Fr.
I. c. 1 find a state of this scarcely excentric, and viscitl only when
young. The milk undergoes precisely the same changes, but ai)[)arently
with much less intensity.

56. A. tividus, Fr. (lilac-JIeshid milhy Agaric) ; pilous viscid
not zoned livid flesh colour or fuscous, gills wiiite, flesli chang-
ing from white to lilac, stem hollow. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p.
66. — A. livido-rubcscc?is, Batsch, Cont. 2./. 202. With. v. 4. p.
165.

Woods. July— Sept. Edgbaston. Witherin-r. King's Clifte, Norths.
Abundant. — Pileus 2 — 2A inches broad, Heshy, tlepressed, sometinies
obsoletely zoned, viscid, pale dirty rufescent or cinereous with a shade
of lilac, speckled with small watery .spots, which originate beneath the
epidtrn)is. Gills [)aler, adnato-decurrent, the shorter ones very obtuse

' 111 tlif I>i,l,x Alp/iiilx tints, |Mil.li>!ir<l witli til.- .on. lij.liiiu part ol tli.' tliinJ
vtiliiiii.- ..ftli.- Si/sl,miiM!/cnlui,ir,nii,\t' 1 imhI. r>t.iinl Jliml•i^ht, I'lios »«Tins to
roiisidiT his A. \\\catnr :is not «lisliiKt alter all from A. fonninosus.

26 FUNGI. [Agaricus,

and truncate behind, connected by veins. Mi//c white, acrid. Stem-^
inches high, } inch thick, spongy, at length hollow, marked with little
longitudinal pits, strigose at the base, the whole plant when cut white
turning to a beautiful lilac. It is not however the milk which changes
colour, on exposure to air, but the flesh itself.

57. A. hysgiiius, Fr. (^pink-dyed Agaric) ; pileiis viscid even
zoneless flesli-coloured, gills and milk white, stem hollow
spotted. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. Q7 . — A. depressus, With. v. 4.
p. 171.

In grassy places, fir woods, &c. Aug. — Oct. Edgbaston Park.
Withering. — " Pileus 4—5 inches broad, pinky or brownish white,
viscid. Gills white yellowish with age. Stem 3 — 4 inches high, ^ an
inch thick, solid (hollow and scrobiculate, Fr.) white with a pinky tinge.
Juice dilutely milky, very acrid." With. I. c. The only difference
between this and A. hysgimis, Fr. is the solid stem, but no character is
more variable in this tribe. No other species will answer at all to the
characters.

58. A. blemiius, Fr. {greenish-Jieched Agaric) ; pileus viscid
pitted not zoned greenish, gills and milk white. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. I. p. 67. Fl. Dan. t, 1961. /. 'l.—A. xylopliilus, var.
viscosus, Pers. Syn. p. 438. — A. Listeria var. 5. With. v. 4. /?.
154. var. 2, Purt. v. S. p. 191.

Woods, especially of beech. Sept. — Oct. Not uncoMimon. Bees-
ton, Notts." King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus 2 —
4 inches broad, fleshy, rarely subzonate, convex, the margin generally
involute and adpresso-tomentose, (quite smooth, Fr.) at length more or
less depressed, dull cinereous-green, at first viscid ; more or less pitted.
Millc white, not changeable. Gills rather narrow, pale ochraceous, scarcely
forked not connected by veins. Steyn 1 inch long, |— | an inch thick,
paler than the pileus, attenuated downwards, obtuse, smooth, at length
hollow, sometimes pitted. Very acrid.

59. A. deliciosus, L. (oraiige- milked Agaric) ; pileus viscid
obsok'tely zoned orange turning pale, gills and milk orange,
stem hollow smooth scrobiculate. Linn. Suec. 1211. Schceff.
t,U. Sow. t 202. With. V. 4. p. 163. Tratt. Essb. Schivam,
t. M. Purt. V. 3. p. 187. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. I. p. 67. Grev.
Fl. Ed. p. 374. Poques, Hist, des Champ, p. 93. Klotzsch, Fung.
Germ. exs. n. Q.

Fir woods. Sept.— Oct. Not uncommon. — Gregarious, sometimes
subcsespitose. — Pileus finches or more broad, zoned, orange-rufous, dull
as if there were the remains of a minute very closely pressed dirty white
web, hemispherical when young, in which state the margin is decidedly
involute and tomentose, at length expanded, depressed, fleshy. The
whole plant abounding with orange milk and when bruised or old,
stained with green. Gills decurrent, from the first of the same colour
as the pileus, forked at the base, rather broad and distant. Spnrules
round, white. Stem 3 inches high, curved, stuffed, more or less hollow,
scrobiculate, strigose at the base. Odour and taste agreeable, like that
of Cantharellus cibarius, but slightly acrid. From the account given by
M. Roques it should seem that this Agaric however delicious is not
always to be eaten with impunity. I have always found the milk acrid.

Agaricus.]

ruNGi. 27

** Pikus dry.

60. A, Volemum, Fr. {mild red milky. Agaric); large, sweet,

pileus obtuse dry tawny becoming pale, gills white changing to

yellow, stem solid blunt. Fr. SysL Myc. v. I. p. 69. — A. ruber,

Tratt. Fung. Aust. t. 15. n. 29. Essh. Schwam. t. M.— ^. lacti-

Jluus, Schceff. t. 5.

Woods. July — Aug. Inverary. Kloizsch in Hook. Herb. King's
Cliffe, ^ovths.— Pileus 4 inches broad, flesh thickish, moderately firm,
obtuse, minutely umbonate, though the umbo at length vanishes, sub-
depressed, sometimes very faintly zoned, with a few minute wrinkles
towards the margin, dry, at length cracked, of a rich orange brown darker
in the centre, the whole rather dull thai shining; margin not the least
involute, though when young the edge of the pileus is regularly incurved.
Milk white, abundant, not acrid, quite mild. Gills pale ochraceous,
becoming fuscous on being touched, not very close, scarcely decurrent
even in depressed specimens, sometimes slightly forked. Sporulcs white
round. Stem 2^—31 inches high, above 1 inch thick, obese, minutely
attenuated downwards, sculptured longitudinally, paler than the centre
of the pileus : it bears a strong compression without giving way, but it
is spongy in the centre ; outer flesh reddish. Schoeffer's figure agrees
exactly with Trattinnick's, and is now in the Ind. Alph. allowed to be
the same. A. ruber, Pers. has acrid milk. It is pronounced by Trattin-
nick to be excellent for food if properly prepared, but very unwholesome
if not sufficiently stewed. M. lloques' account, if in the cases he men-
tions there was no mistake as to the species, is even more unfovourable.
In Dr. Hooker's Herbarium there is a MSS. species of M. Klotzsch,
which he states to be intermediate between A. Volemum and A. subdulcis ;
not being able to draw up from his notes a satisfactory specific charac-
ter, though as far as may be judged from dried specimens it should seem
to be really distinct, 1 give its description here.— yl. Smilhii, Klotzsch.
Pileus U— 2i inches broad, obsoletely umbonate, then altogether infun-
dibuliform, tawny with a shade of fuscous, dry, opaque : margin sulcate
tubercled. Gills 2—3 lines broad, dilute, tawny-fuscous or flesh-
coloured, adnato-decurrent. Stem 1—2 inches high, 4— C lines thick,
spongy, at length more or less hollow, smooth, tawny-rufous turning
pale.— In beech woods in mountainous places. Aug.— Oct. Inverary.
Rev. Colin Smith. Helensburgh. Mr. Joseph D. Hooker. Near Glas-
gow. Klotzsch.

61. ^. quietus, Fr. {mild rufous Agaric); sweet, pileus obtuse
even dry opaque, gills testaceo-rufescent, stem solid firm. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. i. p. G9.—A. ruhcscens, Fl. Dan. t. 1069. /. 2.
{Jidc Fries). — A. scrosus, With. v. 4. p. 160.

Woods. iSept. — Nov. Very conmion. — /^j/<wa- 2 inches or more broad,
opaque, rufesccnt,often slightly zoned, at first deep livcr-colourcd, obtuse,
at length depressed, smooth, the margin incurved and delicately downy.
Fle&h thick, firm ; milk white, but sometimes of a deciiled but pale
yellow, the i)lant dithring in no other respect. Gills pale rufesccnt,
gradually becoming darker, decurrent,forkcd at thebase, rather numerous,
and narrow. Sporulcs white, round. Stem 2 inches long, .} — k an inch
thick, thickest u|)wards, of tiic same texture and colour as the pileus ;
Jlesh firm, bearing a strong pressure wiliiout breaking ; w hen old less
firni, but not hollow. Mild ; odour oily and sometimes like that o( bugs.

28 FUNGI. [Ar/aricus.

The variety with yellow milk I have found at Barnby in the willows
near Newark and at King's Cliffe, Norths., where A. theiogalus abounds;
but the two are quite distinct.

62. A. subdulcis, Bull, (subacrid rufous Agaric) ; subacrid,
pileus smooth polished dry rufescent, gills flesh-colour at length
ferruginous, milk white unchangeable, stem smooth at length
hollow. Bull t. 224. Pers. Syn. p. 433. Fr, Syst. Myc,
V. I. p. 70. Giev.Fl. Ed. p. 374. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ. exs.
91. 8. — A. lactifiims, Sow. t. 204. With. v. 4. p. 160. Purt.v.

2. Sf 3. n. 906 A. Bulliardi, Fl. Dan. t. 1 069./ {^fide Fries).

— /3. camphoratus, Bull. t. 567. /. 1. — A. cimicarius, Purt. v.
3.;>. 191. Batsch, Cant. l.f. 69.

Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not so common as the last.— Pi/ez<5 1 — 4 inches
broad, dark chocolate, sometimes slightly viscid when young. Alilk
white, acrid when the plant is old. Gi/is at length deep red-brown,
scarcely at all forked. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, | — k an inch thick,
substance looser than in the last at length hollow. I once found a most
splendid variety of this at Colly weston. Norths., in which the pileus and
stem were of a bright orange, very like Bolt. t. 9, but the milk was not
yellow.

63. A. theiogalus, Bull, (jjelloiv-milked Agaric) ; subacrid,
pileus dry smooth somewhat zoned, milk white changing to
yellow. Bull t. bQl.f. 2. Pers. Syn. p. 431. Fr, Syst. Myc.
V. \.p. 71. — A. cimicarius,var.S. With. v. A. p. 165. — A. zona-
rius, Bolt. t. 144.

Woods amongst dead leaves. July — Nov. Woolhope, Herefordshire.
Mr. Stackhuuse. King's Cliffe, Norths. Bev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus
1 — 3 inches broad, buff, sometimes slightly tinged with tawny, at first
hemispherical, dimpled, at length depressed, more or less zoned ; mar-
gin wavy, involute and minutely downy when young ; Jiesli firm, crisp.
Gills very slightly decurrent, connected by veins, distant, by no means
rigid, salmon-coloured, slightly forked, about as broad as the flesh of
the pileus. Milk white, rather acrid with a peculiar taste, changing
instantly on exposure to air to a delicate but beautiful yellow, as does
the whole plant when cut. Stem U inch high, ^—1 inch thick, at first
nearly white, obese, paler than the pileus, downy at the base, more or
less hollow. — A very elegant species, not to be confounded with the
variety of A. quietus mentioned above. A. zonariusy Bolt, is quoted by
Fries under A. deliciosus, but a comparison of the figure with the
description shows it I think to be certainly the present species.

64. A. rufus, Scop, (rufous milky Agaric) ; extremely acrid,
pileus subobtuse dry polished or squamulose rufous, milk white,
stem subsolid. Scop. 451. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 71. Klotzsch,
Fung. Germ. exs. n. 7. — A. ruber, Pers. Syn. p. 433. (exc. Syn.
Schceff.).— A. rubescens, With. v. 4. p. 159. b. — A. helvus, Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 72.

Plantations at Edgbaston in clayey soil. Withering. Fir plantation
between Poole and Bourne Mouth, on a sandy bank. Sept. — Pileus 3
inches broad, plano-convex, slightly or strongly umbonate, with a de-
pression round the umbo as the plant advances, deep rufescent, adpresso-

Agaricus.]

FUNGI. 29

tomentose, the margin slightly turned in and snbstriate, fleshy, firm,
not very brittle nor zoned/ Milk white, insn[)portably acrid, not change-
able. Gills at first pale, then slightly rufescent, decurrent, here and
there forked. Stevi 'Ih inches high, ^ of an inch thick, nearly equal,
obtuse, firm, bearing a'strong pressure, rufescent, but hoary or mealy;
turning brown when bruised, somewhat stuffed at length partly hollow
base downy. The differences between A. rufus and A. helms which
are now united by Fries are said by him to depend upon their place of
growth. iMy specimens, according to the place of growth, should be A.
rufus, whereas in character they come nearest to A. lielvus. Wither-
ing speaks of his plant as hot and acrid like Mczereun or CiLckow Pint
which can scarce apply to any state of ^. subdulcis.

65. A. ghjciosmus, Fr. {siveet- scented milky Agaric) ; strong-
scented, pileus thin sqnamulose opaque sublurid, gills yellowish
close, milk white, stem smooth. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 72.

Woods especially of Pine. Sept. — Oct. Scotland. Klutzschjn Hook.
Herb.—'' Pileus more or less plane, often umbonate, various in colour,
lurid-brown, brick-red, flesh colour, or rufous ; known by its peculiar
scent ; brittle. Gills opaque, pale when young. Sporules white. Milk
white, at length acrid." Fr. I. c. Pileus 1—3 inches broad. Gills
narrow. Stem U inch long, 3—4 lines broad.

G6. A. plumbetis, Bull. (lead-coloured milky Agaric) ; pileus
dry not zoned dark fuscous or deep dingy grey, gills yellowisli,
milk white. BuU. t. 282. t. 539./. 2. Pers. Syn. p. 435. Fr.
Syst Myc. V. 1. p. 73. Grev. Ft. Ed. p. 375 — A. Listeri, Sow.
t. 245. Johnst. Fl. Berw.v. 2. p. 104.

Woods. Autumn. Rare. Dundas Hill near Edinburgh. Grcvillc.
Near Berwick. Johnston.—"' Pileus 3—5 inches broad, large, convex,
becoming depressed, firm, never zoned or glutinous, margin mostly
involute^dark, fuliginous-grey or brown. Flesh compact, white. Gills
numerous, yellowish, varying with different shades. Stem 2—3 inches
high, firm, thick, brownish or dingy olive." Grev. I. c.

67. A. fuUgiiwsus, Fr. (coffee-coloured Agaric) ; pileus zone-
less dry umber sprinkled with brown meal, gills ochraceous,
flesh changing from white to saffron. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p.
73.— A. azonitcs, Dull. t. b(M.f. 3.

Woods. Aui:.— Nov. Inverary. Klotzsch, in Honk. Herb. Canter-
bury. King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— Pileus 1— .'3
inches l)road, not viscid, minutely pitted, plane, slightly depressed, of a
dull grcy-bufl' or umber with a minute bloom; not zoned ; the margin
not the least involute ; y/r.s7i when cut soon chanuing to salmon-colour.
I\Iilk white, not changeable. Gills slightly forked at the base, not con-
nected with veins, ochraceons, subdecurrent, mealy, with the yellow
sporules, which are very minute, round ami echinulate. Stem \\ — 3
inches long, 4— .J lines thick, s()liil,but the inner substance less dense,
obese, nuich paler than the pileus, with a minute bloom.— The colour of
the pileus is exactly that of coffee and milk, as observed by Decandolle.
who however confounds two species. It may be always known from
A. arris by atteniling to the sporules.

68. A. pyrogaliis, Bull, {small-zoned Agaric) ; pileus dry
*nn»oth nwM-o <»r loss zoned livid, gills distant yellow, sUmu

,30 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

hollow cinereous. Bull, L 529. f, i. Pers. >Si/?i. p. 436. Fr,
Syst. Myc. V. l./>. 74. Roques, Hist, des Champ, t. 13./. 5.

Woods and meadows amongst grass. Eaglesham, Scot!. Klotzsch^
in Hook. Herb. King's Cliffe, Norths. Aug. — " Pdeiis 2—3 inches
broad, firm but thinner than the following species; at length dirty-
yellowish ; in shady places almost zoneless. Milk abundant, extremely
acrid. Stem H inch long, 3 — 5 lines thick, stuffed, soon hollow, often
attenuated, smooth or scrobiculate." Fr. I. c.

69. A. JiexudsKS, Pers. (icoody-zoned Agaric); compact, edge
of pileiis turned down dry smooth, gills distant pale, stem
solid short. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. I. p. 74. — a. pileus nmher. — A,
azonites, Bull. t. 559./. 1. — A. umbrinns^ Pers. Syn. p. 433. —
b. pileus ruddy-yellow. Fungus lignosus, S^c. VailL Bot. Par. p.
61. t. 12. f. 7. / — A. zonarius, Bull. t. 104. — A.flexuosus, Pers.
Syn. p. 430.

Pastures amongst bushes. July — Oct. Hamilton, Scotland. Klotzsch,
in Hook. Herb. — Cotterstock, Tansor, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley,
(b.) — Caespitose or solitary. Pileus 4 inches or more broad, crisped, and
waved, infundibuliform, zoned, more or less rufescenti-ochraceous, viscid
when moist, fleshy, milk white very acrid. Jfargin almost smooth, very
slightly involute; flesh zoned. Gills nearly of the same colour, very
much forked and anastomosing^ below from the intermediate veins.
Stem short and thick, blunt, white and very minutely downy, occasionally
quite smooth, firm and solid. Sometimes very much deformed and
scarcely rising above the soil ; very harsh and woody. My specimens,
though certainly belonging to A. flexiiosns, have the pileus viscid when
moist. The sporules I find decidedly ochraceous, as also in A. pyro-
galus.

70. A. piperdtus, Scop. (Pepper Agaric) ; pileus infundibuli-
form rigid smooth white, gills very narrow close, milk and the
solid blunt stem white. Scop. p. 449. Bolt. t.2\. pers. Syn.
p. 429. Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 1. p. 76. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 375.
Roques, Hist, des Champ, t. 13./. 1. — 2 — A. amarus, Schceff. t.
83. — A. Listeri. var. 1. With. v. 4. p. 153. Purt. v. 2. p. 624.
S^ 3. p. 394.

Woods. Not quite so common as the next. July — Aug. — Pileus
3 — 7 inches broad, slightly rugulose, quite smooth, white, a little
clouded with yellow or stained with umber where scratched or bruised,
convex more or less depressed, often quite infundibuliform more or less
waved, fleshy, thick, firm, but brittle ; margin involute at first ; some-
times excentric. 3Iilk white, hot. Gills generally very narrow, ^V of
an inch broad, but sometimes much broader, cream-coloured, repeatedly
dichotomous, very close " like the teeth of an ivory comb," decurrent
from the shape of the pileus, when bruised changing to umber. Stem
1—3 inches high, 1^ — 2 inches thick, often compressed, minutely
pruinose, solid but spongy within, the substance breaking up into trans-
verse cavities. Specimens occur, exactly similar in habit to A. parga-
menus. Though very acrid when raw, it loses its bad qualities entirely
by cooking and is extensively used on the continent, prepared in various
ways. It is preserved for winter-use by drying or pickling in a mixture
of salt and vinegar.

Agnricus.]

FLJNGI. 31

71. A.vellereus, Fr. {fieecrj Agaric); white, pileus tomcutoso
rigid, gills narrow distant, milk white, stem solid hhmt. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 76. — A. Listeri, Sow. t. 104. Klutzsch,
Fling. Germ. exs. n. 9.

Woods. July — Oct. Exceedingly common. — Vilem 4^—7 inches
broad more or less infnndibnliform, the whole surface minutely but
densely tomentose ; Nvhite, firm, fleshy ; margin at first involute. Milk
white, acrid. Gills white, narrow (but occasionally broad and brittle like
A. exsuccua) distant, forked, connected by veins, at length slightly buflf
or yellowish, rufescent after being bruised. Stem I inch high, 2 inches
thick, blunt, rather less downy than the pileus, solid.

72. A. exsuccus, Otto, (Jiiicekss Agaric); not milky, pileus
infundibuliform clothed with a depressed down, gills broad
crisp pallid. — A. vellereus, var. exsuccus, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p.
77. — A. piperatus, var., Pers. Syn. p. 429.

Woods. July— Sept. Common.— Pileus broader even than in the last,
white, fleshy ; flesh white without milk and not changing colour. Gills
distant, white with often a tinge of verdigris, very crisp and brittle some-
what forked, \ of an inch broad, connected by veins. Spondes white,
round. Stem obtuse, short, thick, surface like that of the pileus. This
is not precisely the same plant as A. re/Zc/r^.v, putting out of view the
absence of milk, and seems to have as much claim to rank as a species
as A. vellereus, differing as nuich from that, as that does from A. jnjiera-
ius. The gills are very different ; though as there is a state of A. jnpera-
tus very near to A. vellereus as regards the gills, so again looking to the
same organ there is a state of ^. vellereus approachuig to A. exsuccus.

Subgenus 8. Clitocybe; (from xX/ro; asleep or declivity, and
jcuiBri a head, pointing to the shape of the pileus when young, in
contradistinction to omphalia in which the pileus when young
is umbilicate). Veil none. Pileus convex when young, not
^imbilicate ; at length often depressed or infimdibuliforni. Gills
unequal, jiiiceless, unchangeable, tough, variously Jixcd or free.
Sporules white.

A. Dasvphylli (from daavg, close, and fuXXov, a leaf.) Pileus
dry, smooth. Gills close dccurrent or acutely adnate.

7S. A. gilcus, Pers. (suJnnvolute Agaric) ; pileus convex
obtuse then infundibuliform smooth rigid, gills decurrent from
pallid becoming reddish, stem stuffed somewhat rooting shaggy
at the base. Pers. Syn. p. 448. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 80.
Fr. EL \.p. 10— A.' subinvolutus, Batsch, Cont.2.f 204.— .4.
sonlidnflacus, With. r. 4. p. 183. — A. cyathiformis, Fl. Dan.
t. 1011.

Under trees in Edgbaston Park. Withering. Aug.— Sept.— " Very
distinct as a species from all the forms of A.i!,il>hus:\\u\ A. nrhuluris, and
when once seen can be confoiuuled with neither. Its distinguishing
marks are, stem stout fleshy ; pileus when s[)ringing up moist, when full
grown dry, polished, here and tliere spotted ; flesh compact or brittle
not flaccid, reddish like the pileus, not white ; gills very close, oltcn

32 FUNGI. [Afjaricus.

branched, never white. There never is a central umbo. Scent none.
In other respects, its stature size and intenseness of colour vary, so that
it is hard to believe that certain specimens belong to the same species.
Stem attenuated, sometimes above, sometimes below." Fr. EL I. c. — This
species is introduced solely on account of Fries' reference to Withering.
One of his references however I have rejected, being certainly another
species and probably the true A. cinnamomeus, and I perfectly agree
with Dr. Greville that Bolton's A. cinnamomeus, is quite different. I
believe it to be a state oi A.fastibilis. A. pileolarius , Bull, quoted by
Fries, does not agree with the account given above. It is described as
farinose or subtomentose and its odour and taste as very agreeable,
especially when young. Of this I once found some small specimens in
Laxton Park, Norths, under Scotch firs, and I have before me what I
believe to be the same (as far as I can judge from dried specimens) from
the Sandy Denes of Yarmouth ; but never having seen it fully developed
and having neglected to take notes at the time, I leave the point for
further investigation. — Whatever may be thought of the correctness of
Fries' citation of Withering's A. sordido-flavus, the remarks given
above from his Elenchus will be found of great value as affording points
of comparison between this and the two next species.

74. A.Jidccidus, Sow. (^flaccid Agaric) ; pileus thin depres-
sed obtuse even, margin deflexed, gills decurrent very close
dirty white, stem slender equal. Sow. t. 185. Fr. Syst.Myc.
V. l.p.Sl. El. l.p. 11.

Fir plantations. Sept. Not uncommon. Seldom in other situations.
Amongst grass, Aimer. Dorset. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— Fllem 2—3
inches broad, always of a peculiar form and substance ; orbicular, depres-
sed, rather plane than infundibuliform by reason of the deflexed margin.
No central umbo ; very even and smooth, various in colour, generally
reddish but sometimes white. Gilh very much attenuated behind, very
close, tender and narrow, not running far down. Stem 1—2 inches long,
2 lines thick, slender, generally equal, smooth with a subcartilaginous
bark; not fleshy as in A. gilvzis, nor elastic and spongy as in A.infundi-
buliformis, but stuffed and soon hollow or fistulose ; not rooting nor in-
crassated and villous, excej)t from peculiarity of situation." Fr. El. I. c.
In grassy places, as in the locality mentioned above, the stem is some-
times densely covered with wool above the peculiar bark-like coat,
evidently springing from the villosity of the base; the pileus in the same
locality was very brittle. Fries' remarks apply admirably to the form
well figured by Sowerby, which commonly occurs in fir plantations.
Schceffer's figure when compared with his character will be seen to
belong clearly to some other species ; and most of Bulliard's figures
t. 553, except perhaps that marked P., rather to the following species. He
says expressly that it has a fungoid smell, which is one of the distin-
guishing marks of A. infundibuliformis. Few Agarics have greater
pretensions to beauty.

75. A. infundibuliformis, Bull, (variable wood Agaric); pileus
umbonate smooth at length infundibuliform, gills decurrent
reddish, stem stuffed elastic attenuated upwards. Bidl. t. 28G.
553. Fr. El. l.p. 12. Ind. Alph. p. 22.-^ A. gibbus, Pers. Sijii.p.
449. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 82. Klolzsch, Fung. Germ. exs.
71. 10.

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 33

Woods, roadsides, &c. amongst roots of grass, rotten leaves, 6cc.
Aug. — Oct. Extremely common. Pileus H — 2 inches or more broad,
dry, elastic, pale reddish cream colour, at first convex quite white and
narrower than the stem and scarce to be distinguished from it, then
umbonate, soon depressed or quite infundibuliform with traces — rrr^
umbo, variously crisped and lobed, the margin involute and downy ; the
whole being clothed with a delicate closely-woven web which is often
on the margin pinched up as it were into little raised striae ; these how-
ever in general vanish as the pileus becomes completely expanded.
Flesh moderately thick in the centre, of the same colour as the pileus.
GUIs white, attenuated at each end, numerous, unequal, some of them
forked at the base. Steyn very various in length, 2 — 9 lines thick, attenu-
ated upwards, elastic, stuffed, paler than the pileus. Odour strong but
grateful like that of Jl. oreades. — Differs from the last in the following
characters, " odour pleasant. Pileus with a thin margin at first inflec-
ted at length erect, truly infundibuliform, with a central umbo on
account of the more fleshy centre which is rarely absent in this, though
always in the foregoing species. The surface of the pileus is dry, never
moist on account of its silkiness, always more or less perceptible, nor Is
the stem polished. Gills close, but not very close, very decuirent."
Fr. EL I. c.

13. major. Fr. El. 1. c. pileus firm broadly and obtusely um-
bonate.— A. yeotrupusy Bull, t 573. /. 2. — A. pikolarius, Sow.
t.6l. Part. V. 2 Sf 3. 7i. 902.—^. gilvus, Grcv. Sc. Crypt. Fl.
A 41.

Woods. Not uncommon. — Pileus 4 inches broad. Stem fi inches long,
nearly 1 inch thick, H at the base, more or less fibrillose, sometimes
with broad transverse'closely-pressed scales. I quite agree with Fries
that this is nothing more than a large variety of A. infumlihulifonnis,
agreeing with it in every point except the superior development of all
its parts.

76. A. gigdnteus, Sow. (not of Fr. El.) (giant Agaric) ; very
large dirty-white, pileus broadly infundibuliform, gills close
decurrent, stem solid subpubescent blunt. Sotv t. 244. With.
V. 4. ;;. loO. Furt. v. 2 (^ 3. n. 915. Grtv. Fl. Ed. p. dlb.—
A. infundibnliformis, y. maximus^ Fr. El. p. 13.

Meadows and woods. Sept. Not common. Blymhill, Shropshire.
Mr. Dirhnson. Newliston, near Etlinburgii. CapUiin W(nt<jh. Wol-
hirton, Notts. Ucv. ill. J. licrkdey. — F'llcus 4 — 14 inches inroad,
fleshy, often splitting at the margin, broadly infundibuliforn), the base of
the funnel sunk into the stem with no trace of an umbo, dirty white
with an ochraceous tinge, minutely adprcsso-squanudose to the naked
eye, sometimes guttate ; the whole surface uniler a lens clotlicd w ith a
fine matted silkiness ; margin grooved, the grooves shallow. Gills close,
forked, yellow-white, as broad as the flesh of the pileus. Stem 2\—i\
inches high, nearly '1 thick at the base, firm, fleshy, elastic, (juite solid,
.subbulbous, sometimes attenuated upwards, n)innttly but conspituou.sly
pubescent; when bruised dirty rufe.scent. O^/o///- strong like that of
A. arcades. — Certainly very nearly allied to the last, and diflering only in
its larger size, pubescent sten),and in its growing in rings which arc some-
times seventeen yards in diameter. I am not however convinccil ol thr
projirif'ty of nccountirig it a mere variety. Its large size certainly does

D

34. FUNGI. [Agaricus.

not, as Fries supposes, depend upon the mere richness of the soil on
which it grows, for I have found it in abundance above a foot in diame-
ter on extremely barren soil. Fries finds it with an umbo, in my speci-
mens there is not the slightest trace of one.

77. A. 7iigrescens, Lascb. (^dark infundihuliform Agaric) ;
pileus plane fleshy at length infundibuliform cinereous-brown,
dark in the centre, gills decurrent, stem thickest above solid
lanato-pubescent. Lasch. LinncBa. IV. p, 528. Fr. hid. Alph.
j9. 31.

Amongst dead leaves. Scotland. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. — Pileus
1^ — 2 inches broad. Gills when dried of the same colour as the edge of
the pileus, very decurrent even in young specimens. Stem IJ inch high,
4 lines thick. — The characters given above are necessarily taken from
dried specimens, as I have no opportunity of referring to the work in
which the species is described. There is no doubt of its being perfectly
distinct. Found originally near Dresden.

78. A. phyllophilus, Pers. (white wood Agaric); gregarious,
white, pileus even umbonate, at length infundibuliform, gills
subdecurrent, stem hollow, the base incurved villous. Pers.
Syn. p. 457. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. 1. p. 83. Fl. Dan. t. 1847.

Amongst dead leaves, especially in beech and fir woods. Sept.

Kinnordy. Klotzsch, in Hook, Herb, amongst fir leaves " Generally

sweet-scented, subcaespitose. Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad, slightly fleshy;
when young nearly plane ; sometimes repand. Stem 2 — 3 inches long,
obliquely-rooted at the base." Fr. 1. c.

79. A. jiebuldris, Batsch, (neiv-cheese Agaric) ; pileus com-
pact even cinereous, gills subdecurrent close whitish, stem
stuffed, attenuated upwards. Batsch, Cont. 2. f. 193. Pers.
Sy7i. p. 349. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 86. FL Dan. t. 1784,
Roques, Hist, des Champ, t. 15. y. 5. — A. mollis. Bolt. t. 40. —
A. cuseus, With. v. A. p. 152.

Fields and fir woods. Autumn. Not common. Halifax. Bolton.
Pendarvis, Cornw. Mr. Stackhouse. Duglestone, Garscube (amongst
fir leaves) Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. Margate (pastures) Mev. M. J.
Berkeley. — Pileus 4 inches broad, at first conico-convex, fuligineo-cine-
reous, obtuse, the margin waved, involute and pruinose ; gradually
expanded with a broad umbo and quite smooth, dirty white or ochraceo-
fuliginous, spotted by rain ; Jiesh thick white. Gills paler than the
pileus, rather broad, slightly decurrent or slightly emarginate, with a
decurrent tooth ; often forked in distorted specimens. Stem 2 — 3
inches high, ^ an inch thick, 1 at the base, more or less bulbous
at first fibrilloso-squamulose, paler than the pileus ; solid but the
central substance softer, sometimes twisted ; odour strong, like that of
A. oreades. Excellent for food.

80. A. ca7ialiculdtus, Schum. (swollen- stemmed Agaric);
pileus even smooth convex compact greyish-brown, gills
narrow pale flexuous behind wdth a decurrent tooth, stem
bulbous stuffed streaked. Schum. Flor. Siell. v. 2. p. 331.
Fl. Dan. t. 1844. /. 2. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.l.p. 46. Grev. Syn.
Scot. Cryp. Fl. p. 32. — A. tnrgidus, Grev. Crypt. FL t 9.

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 35

Dry woods amongst beech and other leaves. Autumn. Foxhall,
near Edinburgh. On worn-out bark in a cold Grape-house. March.
Apithorpe, Norths. JRev. M. J. Berkeley. — " Plants much scattered.
Pileus 2 — 3^ inches in diameter, flattish in young plants, more or less
convex in the old ones, of a greyish-brown, very smooth, feeling, a short
time after gathering like fine kid leather, margin rounded, slightly
depressed. Flesh very thick, extremely white, rather dense, becoming
spongy and loose as it enters the stem. Gills very slightly decur-
rent, pale-yellowish, numerous, narrow. Stem 4 — 5 inches high, about
1 inch in diameter at the top, much thicker and ventricose downwards,
and again somewhat swollen at the base, hollow ; white, with an uneven
but not striated surface, streaked with pale pink, brown or dirty-yellow,
white and downy at the base, which is very obtuse. The whole stem
feels extremely hollow and elastic between the fingers. Jloot a fine
dense white down, intermixed with a few minute fibres." Grev. I. c.
My specimens, which are not fully developed, differ from the above
description, in the place of growth, in being gregarious and very min-
utely tomentose ; in the gills being flexuous behind with a decurrent
tooth, so as to form a little channel round the stem, and in the stem
being spongy and not hollow. Schumacher describes the gills as
truncate behind, and forming a canal round the solid stem. The gills
in Greville's figure do not accord with that of Schumacher; nor the
figure of either with my specimens; which, combining the peculiarities
of both, tend to prove that both are correct, and that Fries judged
rightly in considering them as identical, while he pointed out their
proper affinity to be with A. nehularis, and A. Schumac/ieri. There
is a peculiarity in the gills in my specimens, which is evidently acciden-
tal ; they are minutely crenate and plicate so as to appear marked with
prominent veins.

81. ^. fumosus, Pers. (smoki/ Agaric) ; pileus smooth lig^ht
bistre, gills adnate close dirty-white as well as the even stuffed
stem. Pers. sjjn. p. 348. Ic. PJct. t. 7. / 3, 4. Fr. SysL Mi/c.
V. 1 . p. 88.

Woods. The Cheverill near Hockerton, Nofts. Oct. — Pileus
2i — .3 inches broad, fleshy but thin on the margin, more or less wavy,
slightly unibonate, with a thick skin marked with little pits so as to
present the a[)pearance of innate fibrillui; bistrc-coloured. Gills rather
pale, variously adnate, rounded behind or eniarginate, sometimes almost
decurrent. Stem 1 — 2} inches long, j! of an inch thick, quite smooth
except at the aj>ex where it is punctato-squamulose, nearly equal, stuffed.
/3. A. polius, very thickly cavspitose, pileus grey, gills and stem unequal
dirty-white. A. alhcllus. Sow. /. \-l'l. Steins 40 or oO growing
together by their bases into a fleshy body, wavy, smooth. Pileus A — '^
inches broad, plano-convex, white or greyish, reddish where bruised.

82. A. viridis, With, {green Agaric) ; pileus smooth «;ieen,
gills adnate narrow wliite as well as the solid smooth stem.

With. V. 4. p- 184. />. Syst, JIgc. v. l.p, 90.-/1. arnilcus,
Bolt. t. 12.

Woods. Aug. Hare. Whcatly, Yorks. Bolton.— Pileus 2 — .1
inches broad, carnosc; //t.s/i white, obtuse, <onvex, rugose, dry, grc\i^h
blue, firm and liard but very brittle. Gills white, thitk niid brittle.

36 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

narrow, adhering to the stem by their base. Stem 2 — 3 inches high,
2 — 3 lines thick, dusky white, hard and solid.

83. A. odorus, Bull, {green sweet- scented Agaric) ; fragrant
nearly plane more or less green, pileus even, gills decurrenti-
adnate rather close, stem stuffed unequal smooth. 3ull. t,
176, 556./. 3. Sow. t. 42. Pers. Sy7i. p. 323. With. v. 4. p.
376. Purl. V. 2 (^ 3. n. 904. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 9a
Grev. Sc, Cryp. Fl. t. 28. Fl. Ed. p. 376.—^. cmisatus,
Roques, t. 15./ 4.

In shady thick woods amongst moss and dead leaves. Aug. — Nov.

General but seldom abundant Pileus 3 inches broad, plano-convex.

with or without an umbo, smooth, of a lurid pale green, sometimes here
and there whitish so as to appear zoned ; fleshy but rather watery ; Jlesh
dull dirty-white, margin not striate but sometimes transparent ; in the
young plant inflected tomentose. Gills pale, rather waved decurrenti-
adnate, the interstices wrinkled. Sporides round, white. Stem 2
inches high, 4 Hues thick, firm somewhat flexuous, subfibrillose with a
little scattered down, stuffed, attenuated towards the base, which is
downy and furnished with strong-branched greenish or whitish roots.
Odour like that of aniseed.

84. A. cdndicans, Pers. (shining-white depressed Agaric);
small shining white, pileus even convex at length umbilicated,
gills adnate at length decurrent, stem even fistulose. Pers.
Syn. p. 456. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 91. Fl. Dan. t. 2021./ 1.
— ^. umbilicatus, Bidl. ^. 411./ 2. Bolt. t. 17.

Amongst leaves of oak and beech. Fr. I. c. Plantations of fir and
larch, Fixby Hall. Bolton. July — Oct. — *' Pileus scarce 1 inch broad,
subcarnose, tough, regularly deflexed at the margin, rarely subdeformed.
Gills rather close. Stejn 1 — 2 inches high, 1 — 2 lines thick, nearly
equal, incurved at the base, rooted and villous, the rest smooth. Aberrant
forms numerous." F?-. I. c.

85. A. dealbdtuSf Sow. (dirty-white Agaric); inodorous
dirty-white, pileus more or less unequal thin even, gills
adnate close, stem stuffed equal smooth. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 92.

Gregarious on the roots of grass in old pastures. — Pileus f — 1^
inch broad, at first convex, then plano-convex, the margin somewhat
undulate very slightly involute, dry, smooth though when examined
with a lens clothed with a very minute farinaceous silkiness which
retains the marks of the fingers, dirty-white, subcoriaceous, cream-
coloured or of a beautiful rose colour. Gills adnate, shghtly emargi-
nate when young, brittle, white, moderately broad. Sporules white
round. Stem I inch high, 2 lines thick, often curved, farinaceous at
the apex whitish or rose-coloured, stuffed, occasionally in age hollow
above, but appearing as if the more tender inner substance were carried
down by the knife. Odour fungoid. — This very common species I
believe to be Fries' A. dealbatus, but if so my specimens are certainly
not inodorous.

7. pileus renaiid and lohed, stem short. Sow. t. 123. Grev.
FL Ed. p. 376.

Agaricus.] fungi. 37

Pastures, woods, &c. Autumn. — " Pileus 1 — U inch broad, smooth
slightly fleshy, plane, umbonate sometimes depressed from the turnino;
up of the margin Gills narrow, irregular, white. Stem short, cruoked
or straight, rather tough, smooth, white. Subgregarious, polymorphous.
Grev. I. c.

86. A. cerusscitus, Fr. (white lead Agaric) ; inodorous white,
pileus fleshy even, gills adnate close, stem solid even tomen-
tose at the base. Fr. SysL Myc. v. I. p. 92. EL I. p. 15.
— A. opacus, Soio. t. 142. With. v. 4. p. 172.

Woods and heaths. Sept.— April.— " Often gregarious. Pileus
2 — 3 inches broad, a little convex but soon plane and obtuse, rather
shining. Gills not decurrent. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, somewhat
thickened at the base, furnished frequently with fibrillose radicles."
Fr. I. c. Sowerby describes his plant as distinguishable by the silvery
glare and opaque surface of the pileus. Taste like that of A. oreades.

87. A. gramnwpddius, Bull, (sukate-stefmned Agaric) ; large,
pileus obsoletely umbonate even, gills adnate close, stem solid
smooth sulcate. Bidl. i. 548, 585. /. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 93. — A. graveole?is, With. v. 4, p. 170. Purt. v. 3. p. 206.
(not of Sow.)

Woods and plantations amongst grass. June — Oct. Edgbaston. In
rings under trees at Packington. Withering. In rings under trees,
Ragley Park. Purton.—" Pileus 3—5 inches broad, fleshy, margin
thin, rather brittle convex firm campanulale, then somewhat plane,
also de[)ressed and repand. Gills not decurrent, narrow, sometimes
divided. Stem 3 inches high, | an inch thick, firm, of the colour of the
pileus, thickened at the base and villous." Fr. I. c. A. (jraveolens, Sow.
is certainly very different from the plant of Bulliard quoted above, and
as Persoon suspects, probably a state of A. fastihilis. It is however
quoted by Fries in his Ind. Alph.p. 23. as a synonym of A. saponaceus,
{A. myomyces, Fr. Syst. Myc.)

88. A. melius, Sow. (large-collared Agaric) ; pileus subum-
bonate even brownish, gills decurrent with a tooth, the base
loose and curiously recurved, stem solid equal woolly. Sow.
t. 184. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1. p. 93.

Kensington gardens. Jan. — Pileus 2 inclics broad. Stem '> — 3
inches high, \ an inch or more thick. Root reticulated.

89. A. i?wr7iditis, Sow. (smooth histre-colourcd Agaric) ; pileus
obtuse even bistre, gills adnate at lenglii subdecurrent, stem
solid even smooth tliickened below. Sotv. t. 342. />. Syst.
Myc. V. \. p. 93.

Pih us 3 inches broad, fleshy, plane or snbdcprcssed, margin turned in.
Gills of the same colour as the pilous. Stem 2 inches long, k an inch
thick, paler than the |)ileus. Fries FA. p. 1."), thinks that this may be a
variety of A.fumosus, lVr.s. and my s|)ecimens of that species describeil
above, seem to connect them, as also A. amjdus, l*crs.

90. A. /imhrintiis, Holt, (fimhrintcd Agaric) ; ilirty-wliitr,
pileus even at length infuntiibuliform. margin ^innatnl and

38 FUNGI. [Agarictts.

lobed, gi\h adnate very tender, stem short stuffed. Bolt. t.
61. Pers. Si/tu p. 466. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 1. p. 94.

On the ground and upon rotten wood. Aug. Halifax, Northowran.

Bolton "Gregarious or tufted. Pikiis 3 inches broad, slightly fleshy,

plano-convex when young, often excentric ; turning pale like A. meta-
chrous, Sic. Gills very close, narrow and tender, often forked. Stem
about 1 inch long, smooth." Fr. I c.

jS. A. lobatus ; pileus thin brownish-red, gills much paler
deeurrent, stem stuffed thickened upwards. Sow. t. 186.
Pers. Syn. p. 450.

Kensington Gardens Sowerhy. Pileus 4 inches broad. Stem

2 inches high, 3 — 4 lines thick.

9\. A. adhcsrens^ Alb. & Schw. {adhcesiue Agaric); csespi-
tose gluey, pileus unequal lacunose at length dirty-pallid,
gills very thin very deeurrent white, stem hollow somewhat
rooting. A. Sf S. p. 187. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. \. p. 96.

/3. A. adhcEsivus, pileus plane discoid viscid, gills deeurrent
white as well as the solid attenuated stem. With. v. 4. p. 154.
Purt. V. Q.p. 187.

In very shady woods and plantations. Sept. — Oct. lied Rock
Plantations, Edgbaston. Withering. Ragley Wood. Purton. — Pileus
1^— 2|- inches broad, brownish-white. Stem 3 inches high, ^ a line thick.

92. A. cBdemdtopus, ^c\\oi&. (^sivollen- stemmed Agaric) ; sub-
csespitose, pileus conic pulverulent rufous, gills deeurrent
rufescent as well as the solid ventricose pulverulent stem.
Schceff. t. 259.— A. fiisifor7nis, Bidl. t 676.

/3. pileus small rufous convex, gills narrow white as well as
the stem. Batt. p. 51. r. IX.. f, F. A. coralloides, Dicks.
Cryjjt. Brit. \. p. \Q. With. v. 4. p. 158. — The synonym of
Sibthorpe quoted by Fries appears to belong rather to A.
pwiiceus. The only authority therefore that remains for
introducing the species (if indeed it is really distinct from
A. fusiformis) as British, is the undeveloped plant of Dickson.

B. Camarophylli ; (from %aiiaoa. a vaidt, and ^uXXoi/ a
leaf.) Pileus subcompact, dry. Gills very distant^ vaulted
deeurrent.

93. A. camarophyllus^ Alb. and Schw. (arch-gilled Agaric) ;
pileus subcompact streaked smoky, gills deeurrent white at
length glaucous, stem long stout fibrillose. Alb. et Schw. p.
177. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 99.—^. elixus, Sow. t. 172. Pers.
Syn. p. 460

Damp meadows. Autumn. Kensington gardens. Soiv. Garscube,
Scotland. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.— ''Pileus 3—6 inches broad,
convex, expanded, fibrilloso-striate, at length brittle, sometimes black
or bluish. Stem 3 — 4 inches high, ^ an inch thick, nearly equal,
changing to cinereous, white within." Fr. I. c.

Agaricus.]

l-'UNGI. 39

94. A. prat^nsis, Pers. (reddish Field Agaric) ; firm, pileua
subcompact convex becoming partially expanded smooth, gills
thick decurrent, stem short stuffed attenuated below. Pers.
Syn. p. 304. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 99. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 376.

Grev. Sc. Cry p. FL t. 91 A. mijiiatus, Schoeff. ^.313. Sow.

t. \A\.—A.futvosiis, Bolt, t 56.—A.ftdui/s, With, v. 4. p. 169.
—A.Jicoides, Bull. t. 5S7.f. 1.

Pastures and grassy places. Aug.— Nov. Not uncommon, but scarce
in some seasons. In the two last years I have not met with a single

specimen " Pileus 1—2 inches broad, at length spreading towards the

margin, but leaving the centre more or less convex as if umbonate
glabrous, margin often cracked, frequently contracted or lobed, bufhsh
reddish or brownish ; fesh whitish, thick in the centre, thin at the
margin. GUIs thick, distant, decurrent, connected by veins, separable
from the flesh of the pileus. Slem 1—2 inches high, 3—8 lines thick,
whitish, attenuated towards the base." Grev. I. c. A. ericeiis, With, is
a white variety with buff gills ; but with an incorrect synonym from
Bulliard.

95. A.virgbmis, Wulf. (ivhite Field Agaric) ; white, pileus
thin moist convex then umbilicated, gills decurrent distant
connected by veins, stem slender stuffed attenuated downwards.

Wulf. in Jacq. Coll 2. t. 15. / ]. Soiv. t. 32. Pers. Syn.
p. 456. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 166.—^. niveus, Schceff. t.
232. With. V. 4. p. 214.—^. ericeus, Bull. t. 188.—^. ebiir-
neus, With. v. 4. />. 149, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 371.

Pastures. Sept Nov. Extremely common. — Pileus 1 inch or

more broad, slightly viscid when moist and shining as if oiled, with a
satiny lustre when dry, white, sometimes with a tinge of yellow or pink ;
various in shape, sometimes umbonate, often quite plane or depressed,
frequently obconic, margin more or less thin and transparent. GilU
broad, distant, with very prominent connecting veins, adnato-decurrent,
sometimes forked above. Stem 2 inches long, 1 — 2 lines thick, under
a lens fibrillose and sometimes pjilverulento-squamulose at the apex,
stuffed, the centre com[)osed of crisped fibres, at length more or less
hollow, with frequently a core running down from the {)ileus ; white,
with sometimes a tinge of pink at the base. Tdste like that of A. arca-
des This and the last are both eatal)le. There is no glandular ap-
pearance at the top of the stem as in A.cburncus ; with which when
once understood, the present species cannot be confounded.

C. Hygrocybi; (from -jyoo; moist and xjp/; a head.) PiUus
thiUy viscid when moist. Stem hollow,

96. A. psittacinus, Sclueff. (pnrrof/uet Agaric); green
changing to yellow viscid, pileus euinpanulate spreading striate
when moist, gills adnate ratiier distant, stem equal even.
Sc/urjf. t. 301. Sow. t. 32. With. v. 4. p. 336. Pnrt. v. 2
Ss 3. n. 948. Fr. Sy.st. J/yr. v. 1. p. 102. Grev. Sc. Crypt,
t. 74. Fl. Ed, p. 37(). — A. vhatmdco. Bull. t. 545./. 1.

Pastures. Sept Nov. Common " Pdeus I inch brond, conical,

at length spreading, sometimes concave from the margin turning up,

40 FUNGI. [Agaricus,

smooth, glutinous, green at first, partly changing to yellow of various
intensity, often cracking. Gills slightly adnate, bright yellow, often
shaded with green, subdistant, thick, broad in the centre. Stem 2 — 3
inches high, about 2 lines thick, hollow, splitting, green, yellow at the
base very slimy." Gi'ev. I. c.

97. A. cerdceus, Wulf. {wax4ike Agaric) ; pileus convex thin
plane viscid substriate dull-yellow, gills adnato-decurrent
distant yellow as well as the somewhat unequal stem. Wulf.
I. c.f. 2. Sow. t. 20. With. v. 4. p. 235. Pers. Syn. p, 337.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. l.jo. 102. Grev. Ft. Ed. p. 377.

Pastures. July — Nov. Not uncommon.— Pz'/ews 1 inch broad, con-
vexo-plane, occasionally subumbonate, viscid, subcarnose, margin sub-
striate. Gills very broad (| of an inch), ventricose, connected by veins.
Stem 2—3^ inches long, 2 lines or more thick, flexuous, equal or
slightly unequal, sometimes compressed, yellow, occasionally orange at
the base.

98. A. conicus, Schoeff. (cofiic black-stained Agaric) ; pileus
conic acute more or less iobed, gills close ascending ventricose
attenuated and free, stem cylindrical striate. Schceff. t. 2.
Pers. Syn. p. 335. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1. p. 103. Grev. Fl. Ed.
p, 377. — A. croceus, Bidl. t. 50, 524./. 3. — A. auraiitius, Curt.
Loud, t 308. Bolt. t. 67. f. 2. Soio. t. SSI. right hand figs.

Pastures. Sept Nov. Common.— PzVews 1—2 inches high, acutely

conic, variously waved and Iobed, fibrillose, viscid when moist or young,
juicy, turning black, as does the whole plant when broken or bruised,
orange, yellow, scarlet, brown, dusky &c., various colours often blended
together. Gills thick, fleshy, ventricose, attenuated behind, free or
adnexed, yellowish with frequently a cinereous tinge. Stem 3 — 4 inches
long, 2—4 lines thick, often splitting, fibrilloso-striate, coloured like the
pileus. Fries has observed the gills to pour forth a sulphur-coloured
milk like A. scrohiculatus.

99. A. puniceus, Fr. (swollen'Stemmed scarlet Agaric) ; pileus
campanulate obtuse Iobed orange-scarlet, gills fixed ascending
yellow, stem thick ventricose, base white. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.

p. 104 A. aurantius, Fl. Ban. t. 833./. l.—A. rigidus, Bolt.

4S.—A. cedematopus, Sibth. Fl. Ox. p. 350. With. v. 4. p.
196. — b. smaller. — A. cocci7ieus, Bull. t. 202.

Plantations and woody grounds. July — Aug. Not common.
Fixby Hall. Bolton.—" Pileus 2—4 inches broad, at first campanulate,
then explanato-convex, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even, undulated
and Iobed, irregular, when moist subviscid, blood-coloured ; when dry
the centre becoming pale. Gills ventricose, 2 — 4 lines broad, at length
connected by veins, altogether adnate, but because of the form of the
pileus appearing free, yellow, varying to whitish-yellow and purplish at
the base. Stem 3 inches long, i— 1 inch thick, attenuated at both ends,
dry, striate, often squamulose at the apex ; stuffed when young, then
hollow, yellowish or of the colour of the pileus." Fr. I c.

100.^. cocci?ieus, Wulf. {changeable scarlet Agaric); pileus
convex expanded viscid at length depressed, gills adnate with

Ayaricus.] FUNGI. 41

a deciirrent tooth connected changing colour, stem compressed
scarlet. Wulf. I c. 2. p. 106. Pers. Syii. p. 334. Fr. Syst.
Myc. v.l.p. 105. — A. Kermesinus, Fl. Dan. t. 715.—^. scarla-
tinus, Bull. t. 570. f, 2.— A. aurantius, Soiu.t.^^l. {scarlet
figure.) With. v. 4. p. 234.

Pastures. Sept. — Oct. Extremely common — Pihiis 1—2 inches
broad, at first obtuse, conico-campanulate, at length inverted, sometimes
strongly umbonate, splitting from the centre, yellow, orange or scarlet,
viscid when moist, when dry pallid, appearing to the eye fibrillose, but
not really so ; margin thin, more or less wavy. GUIs broad, ventricose,
wrinkled, thick, connected by veins, retaining their colour longer than
the pileus, adnate, with a decurrent tooth in depressed specimens.
Stem 1^ inch long, ^ of an inch thick, more or less hollow, subflexuous,
smooth," though apparently subfihrillose, tough, but easily splitting.
— Fries describes the gills when full grown as purple at the base, yellow
in the middle, glaucous at the edge; and the stem as scarlet above,
always yellow at the base.

101. A. miniutus, Fr. {dry scarlet Agaric ;) pileus convex
dry at length umbilicate scarlet as well as the cylindrical
equal subsolid stem, gills adnate distinct yellowish. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. \.p. 105.—^. glutinosus, Fl. Dan. t. 1009. / 2 — A.
coccinellus^ Ehr. Syl. Ber.

Grassy places in woods, especially such as are boggy. July — Aug.
Highlands of Scotland. Khtzsch, in Hook. Herb — Pileus ^— I inch
broad, obtuse, even, moist but not viscid, turning pale. Gills not decur-
rent nor connected by veins, distant, broad, plane, yellow with a tinge
of scarlet, or dull yellow. Stem 2 inches long, I line thick, brittle, even,
shining, at length hollow at the apex." Fr. I. c.

D. (EsYPii ; (from oig-jtto:, dirty wool, alluding to the more
or less scaly opaque epidermis.) Pikus dry, minutely squa??iU'
lose. Gills generally arcuatO'decurrent, seldoju adnate.

102. A. laccdtus, Scop, {lake Agaric) ; gregarious, pileus
subcarnose tough farinaceous with minute scales at length pale,
disk d('i>ressed in age, gills subdecurrent distinct distant, stem
long elastic. Scop. FL Cam. n. 1530. ScJurff. t. 13. Fr.
Syst. Myc. V. 1. p. 106. — a. pileus reddish or Hesli-coloured,
when dry ochraceous. — A. rnhellus S; carnvus, Schaff. t. 303,
304.—^. farinaccns, Bolt. t. 64. Soto. t. 208 — A. rosellifs, Sf
suhcarneus, With. v. 4. 102 c^ 237.— yl. larratus, Grcr. PI. Ed.
p. 378. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 249. — b. pileus amethyst-coloured,
whitish when dry. A. amethystinus. Bolt. t. 63. Sow. t. 187.
With. V. 4. p. 169. Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 378.— yJ. livido-purpn-
reus, With. v. ^. ]). 23.'^.

Woods. June — Nov. Extremely common. — J^ileus 1 — i inches
broad, convex, tiie centre more or less depressed, often cracked or
sijuamulose with a mealy appearance, subcarnose, brownish-red. llesh-
coloured, or bright amethyst, turning pale when dry ; margin incurved,
often very much lobed and waveil. Gd/s more or less of the colour of

42 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

the pileus, not changing colour, horizontal, broad behind and adnate,
thick, distant, sometimes forked above, mealy from the white round
sporuies. Stem 1 — 6 inches long, thickest and downy below, fibrillose,
tough, hollow, of the colour of the pileus but not becoming pale. —
However striking at first the difference may be between the two varieties,
there is no doubt of their specific identit3% Schceffer rightly included
both in his t. 13, and his synonyms show that he did so advisedly,
Purton had come to the same conclusion. See 3Iid. Fl. v. 3. p. 399.
His A. subfarinaceus however is not the same, but A. gentilis. The
specific name refers to the peculiar red of the pileus, resembling that of
gum-lac. It has a singular tendency to form monstrosities, reminding
us of analogous states oi Holy menia pur pur ascens. See Grev. Crypt.
FL t. 240.

103. A. helhis, Pers. (orange farijiaceous Agaric); pileus sub-
carnose depressed squamulose orange-tavs'ny, gills distant paler
as well as the tough stem. Pers. Syn. p. 452. Fr. Syst.
Myc, V. 1. p. 107.

Fir plantations. East Morden, Dors. Sept, 12, 1832.— Caespitose,
foetid. Pileus 2| inches or more broad, tough, subcarnose, at first
without any umbilicus, at length deeply umbilicate, deep orange-brown,
squamulose, wavy and crisped at the margin, becoming gradually pale.
Gills exceedingly broad, at first adnate, then decurrent with a tooth,
crisped, distant, incarnato-ferruginous. Sporuies round, white. Stem
2| inches high, ^ of an inch thick, tough, thickest below, almost coria-
ceous, fibrillose, hollow in age. — Growing with the two varieties of
A. laccatus in great abundance, and certainly very nearly allied. But
it is very foetid, nmch tufted, and, when young, not nearly so tall in pro-
portion. The gills in the earliest state extend beyond the margin
of the pileus, whereas in A. laccatus the edge of the pileus is rather
incurved.

104. A. sitlpJmreiis, Bull, (brimstone Agaric) ; pileus carnose
subumbonate slightly silky dirty-yellow with a tinge of red,
gills arcuato-adnate rather distant sulphur-coloured as well as
the stuffed stem. Bull. t. 168, 545./. 2. Sow. t. 44. Purt. v,
2 S^ S. n. 912. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. I. p. 110.

Thick woods, amongst leaves and rotten sticks. Sept. — Nov. Not
uncommon. — Pileus 1 — 2 inches broad, fleshy, obtuse^ at length
expanded or depressed with a slight appearance of an umbo, sometimes
flexuous and irregular, dirty-yellow or ochraceous-umber, darker in the
centre, the margin at first involute and minutely tomentose, the whole
clothed with extremely minute silkiness or squamulae so as to give it a
pulverulent appearance, retaining the impression of the fingers ; flesh
yellow. Gills subdistant, rounded, flexuous, emarginate or arcuato-
adnate. Stem 2 inches or more high, 4 lines thick, occasionally sub-
bulbous, stuffed, sometimes at length hollow, the surface of the cavity
rather slimy, yellow within, furnished at the base occasionaJly with many
rather strong yellow fibrous roots. Odour disagreeable, at first farina-
ceous, then like that oi Hemerocallis flava. Taste unpleasant, but not
acrid.

105. A. lascivus, Fr. (pale strong-scented Agaric); pileus
fleshy obtuse slightly silky pallid-tan, gills arcuato-adnate,

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 43

close wliite as well as the downy solid equal rooting stem.
Fr. Si/st. Myc, v. 1. ;?. 110.

Woods. Canterhury. Oct. 23, ]833.—Pileus 2^ inches broad,
convex, at length depressed, firm, fleshy, under the lens minutely
adpresso-silky, margin at first involute ; Jiesh white. Gills white,
when young arcuato-adnate, nearly horizontal, when old subilecurrent,
very brittle, closer than in the last, but still not very close. Stem firm,
solid, composed of fibres, more or less fibrillose or fibrilloso-squamose,
the fibrillae curved up from below ; paler than the pileus ; rooting,
downy at the base, not bulbose, apex pruinose. Odour in all respects
like the last, only not quite so strong.

106. A. inamck'niSy Fr. (tvfiite strong-scoited Agaric) ; pileus
fleshy subumbonate nearly smooth whitish, gills variously fixed
distant white as well as tlie equal rooting stem. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. \.p. 111.

Woods. Oct. Not uncommon. Cranbourne Chase, Dors. Cot-
tei-stock. King's Cliffe, Norths. &c. Bev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus
1 — 3 inches broad, convex, with or without an umbo, fleshy, but not
very thick on the margin, under the lens adpresso-silky ; white with a
slight tinge of ochre in the centre. Gills broad (^ — 3. of an inch,)
distant, emarginate. Stem 2 inches or more long, 3 — 6 lines thick,
equal, tough, composed of fibres, not rooting in my specimens. Odour
like that of the two last. — I find a state of this with the pileus singu-
larly compressed all round, minutely pitted and wrinkled, the epider-
mis cracked so as to appear tesselated. Fries in his specific character
describes it as smooth, but in his subjoined remark im[)lies that it is
"sericeo-adpressus." A.Cossus, Sow. with which Fries compares it in his
Elenchus, is certainly quite different, as stated above. My specimens
have not so much the habit of that, as of ^. cinerascensy Bull, or A.
Columbetta.

E. Calodontes ; (from xa>.o; heautifnl, and oooj; a tooth.)
Pileus smooth, sub/tumid. Gills arcuato-adnexed, connected by
reticulate veins, margin ivith lUtle tooth-like processes.

\07. A. pelinnfhinus, Fr. (black-toothed Agaric) ; pileus con-
vex livid-purplish, margin striate, gills arcnato-adnexed purple
with black teeth, st<'m fistulose equal. Fr. Syst. Jiyc. v. I. p.
112. — A. denticulatus, Bolt. t. 4. /! 1. Pers. Syn. p. 4'23.

Woods near Halifax. Sept. Bolton. — ''Pileus I — 2 inches broad,
when moist transparent, when dry, whitish tinned with purple, the disk
fleshy, even, rather ohtwsc ; Jlesh white, (tills elegantly connected
by a net-work of veins, distant, purple ; when dry, fuscous-umber.
Sporules white; I'eil none. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, \] — 2 lines thick
smooth, becoming pallid." Pr. I. r.

V. TfruAUSTT; (from ihaj^oc, brittle.) Pileus thin, dry. Gills
emarginate. More or less brittle.

108. A. nuirinuceus. Bull, (large niouse-scenttd Agaric) ;
pileus snlxarnose irregidar cinereous cracked and sqiiamulose,
gills distant branched and inosculating with a cinereous tint as

44 FUNGI. [Ayaricus,

well as the irregular hollow stem. Bull. t. 520. Sow. t. 106.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v, \.p. 116. — A. nitratus^ Pers. Myc, Eur. v. 3.
p. 209.

Woods. Peckham Wood, Sowerby. — " Odour nitrous. Pileus
1 — 4 inches broad, at first campanulate, then plane, rigid, brittle. Gills
emarginate, broad, thick, dirty-white, at length cinereous. Stem 2
inches high, 1 inch thick, rarely stuffed when young, ventricose, com-
pressed, with deep furrows." Fr. I. c.

109. A. cimeifolius, Fr. {wedge-gilled Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose even at length cracked, gills white ventricose, stem
hollow pruinose at the apex. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 116. —
A. ovinus, Bull. t. .580. AB. — A. cinereo-rimosus, Batsch,
Cont. 2./. 106.

Pastures. Sept. — Nov. Margate. King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev,
M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus about 1 inch broad, brownish or subochraceous,
subcarnose, at first conic, obtuse, afterwards expanded with a strong
umbo, much waved and split at the margin which is at first involute and
minutely tomentose ; the surface rimose. Gills distant, broad in front,
ventricose, acutely arcuato-adnate, thick, connected and traversed by
veins, white with a slight reddish-cinereous tinge. Stem 1 — H inch
high, 2—4 lines thick, nearly equal, stuffed, at length hollow, pruinose
above, with sometimes a few superficial squamulae towards the base.

G. Rhizopodes ; (from ^/^a, a root, and crou^, Sifoot.) Pileus
fleshy, viscid. Gills suhadjixed. Stem rooting.

110. A. radicaius, Relh. {deep-rooting Agaric); pileus
wrinkled glutinous, gills fixed white, stem long rigid, root long
fusiform. Relh. Fl. Cant. ed. 3. p. 329. With. v. 4. p. 202.
Sow. t. 48. Purt. «;. 2 4- 3. n. 931. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 118. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 378. Grev. Sc. Crijpt. Fl. t. 217.
— A. longipes, Bull. t. 232, 515.—^. Vmhraculupi, With. v. 4.
p. 155.

About the roots of trees. June— Sept. Common. — Pileus S'mches
or more broad, fiat, more or less umbonate, radiato-rugose, smooth, at
first slimy, carnose, tough and elastic, delicate fusco-ochraceous, oliva-
ceous &c. often irregular, triangular &c. Gills white, thick, distant,
ventricose, adnate, with or without a tooth, sometimes almost decurrent.
Sporules white, nearly round. Ste)n 4 — 8 inches high, about f of an
inch thick, attenuated upwards, twisted, not smooth but rather furfura-
ceous, sometimes striate above with raised lines, paler than the pileus,
juicy, brittle, splitting longitudinally, but sometimes tough, stuffed, at
length sometimes hollow, rufescent within, penetrating very deeply
into the ground by a fusiform root.

111. A. velutipes, Curt, {velvet- stemmed Agaric); pileus
unequal tawny slimy, gills ventricose white tinged with yellow,
stem incurved velvety dark-bay. Curt. Lond. t. 70. Bolt, t,
135. Sow. t. 263, 384. f. 3. With. i;. 4.jo. 258. Purt. v.
2 c^ 3. n. 965. Fr. Syst.^Myc. v. 1. p. 119. Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. S7 8.— Fungus glutinosus, Sfc.— Vaill. Bot. Par. t. 12. / 8, 9.
— ^. nigripes, Bull t. 344, 519. /. 2.—^. sidcatus, With. Purf,

Ar/aricus.] FUNGI. 45

Rotten stumps, trees, &c. The whole year. Extremely common

Caespitose. Pikus 1 — 3 inches broad, smooth, slimy, of a beautiful tawny
colour, convex, expanded, fleshy ; margin thin subtransparent. Gills
ventricose, broad, scarcely adnate, ochraceous. Stem 2 — 9 inches high,
I of an inch thick, incurved, velvety, rich tawny-brown, pale above,
often compressed and striate, fistulose.

H. Chondropodes; (from -/ovhog^ cartilage^ and -row^, 2i foot.)
Pileus tough, dry. Gills nearly free y close, white. External coat
oftJie stem subcartilaginous.

112. A. fusipes, BuW. (spi7idle-stem7?ied Agaric) ; gregarious,
pileus fleshy loose, gills nearly free serrated, stem hollow
ventricose sulcate dirty-white rooting. Bidl. t. 106, 516. /. 2.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ;;. 120. — A. crassipes, Schceff. t. 87, 88.
Sow. t, 129. With. V. 4. ;j. 172. Purt. v. 2 Sc S. n, 917.
— A. elasticusj With. v. 4. p. 177. Purt. v. 3. p. 199.

Old trunks of trees, felled stumps, &c. July — Aug. Not uncommon.
— Densely tufted. Pileus H inch broad, when young hemispherical,
smooth, dull vinous-brown, fleshy, margin incurved ; then expanded,
cracked, sometimes tesselated and warty, paler but here and there
towards the margin marked with dark patches, as if burnt. Gills
pale umber, free or only apparently adnate from the change of form
of the i)ileus, sometimes rounded behind and then separating from the
stem, as represented by Bulliard t. lOG, they have a rather watery appear-
ance, though dry, like that of a piece of half dry parchment, connected
by veins, distant. Stem 2 — Cinches long, i — 1 inch thick, ventricose,
rooting, paler than the pileus, marked towards the base with little dark
specks, striate longitudinally, not truly though apparently fibrillose, often
cracked longitudinally and transversely, the transverse cracks extending
only through the cartilaginous coat; substance within loose and fibrous,
the fibres crisped ; at length hollow. Taste agreeable.— A small variety
occurred at Margate, Oct. 9, 1832, amongst grass on buried wood, of a
reddish-brown, changing to dirty-white, subviscid when moist. Gills
white, broad, ventricose. Stem dark red-brown with sometimes a few
scattered branny scales, attenuated below and somewhat strigose, striate,
fistulose, the inner walls woolly as in A. erythropus. A. contortus,
Bull, seems very like this variety, though more fleshy.

113. yl. inacululus, Alb. Sc Schw. (spotted Agaric); pileus
flesliy nearly plane obtuse dry dirty-white spotted with rufous,
gills free close, stem stuffed ventricose striate. Alh. S)- Schir. p.
186. /'V. /iV. \. p. 17. — A.carnosiis, Sow. t. 246. Curt. Lond.
t. 315. With. V. 4. p. 243.— A. fusipes, h. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
/^ 121.

Fir plantations, in moist mossy places. — " Pileus 3— (I inches broad,
even, smooth, truly carnose, rather compact, hemispheric at first with
an involute margin, then (juite plane, the margin often repami, w lute,
here and there spotted witli rufous, at length altogethi-r dirty-rufv)us.
Gills free, very close, narrow, scarcely above 2 lines l)roaiI, linear, dirty-
pallid. Stent 3—4 inches high, but much drawn out when growing
amongst moss, + — 10 lines thick, stout, une<iual with an obsoU-tc carti-
laginous bark, n)ore or less ventricose and atteiuiated below ." /•>. /. r.
Nearly allied to A. fusipes.

46 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

114. A. butyrdceus, Bull, {oilt/ Agaric); pileus fleshy at
length umbonate, g-ills nearly free crenulate, stem stuiFed striate
rufescent the outer coat cartilaginous, incrassated and tomen-
tose at the base. Bull. t. bl-1. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I, p. 121.
— A. trichopus 8^ leucophyllus, Pers. Syji. p. 308, 309.

Amongst leaves in woods and fir plantations. June — Oct. Not
uncommon. Beeston, Notts. Rev. 1\1. J. Berkeley. — Pileus 1^ inch
broad, subcarnose, convex, expanded, umbonate, subviscose of a livid
ochre or dull green ; when quite young livid-brown, the margin subru-
fescent, but a portion below the umbo soon grows pale, so that the
pileus appears of four colours. The umbo is always dark, but some-
times the rest of the pileus is pale rufescent or ochraceous ; margin
occasionally striate ; flesh white, mottled with rufous. Gills close, free,
not ventricose, rounded, edge rather uneven and notched. Sporides
white. Stem \^ — 2 inches high, f of an inch thick below, somewhat
twisted, smooth, slightly striate, downy at the bulbous base, stuiFed,
white within, the outer coat being of quite a different structure and
rufescent.

113. A. compressus, Sow. (Jlat-stalked Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose irregular smooth thin fuscous, gills distant white, stem
hollow whitish compressed. Sow, t. ^^. With. v. 4. p. 221.
Pers. Syn. p. 363. Purt. v. 2 8f Q. n. 942. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1. p. 115. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 215.

In woods and pastures. Oct. — Nov. — " Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad,
campanulate at length nearly plane, dry, smooth, thin, brittle, pellucid,
grey-brown lighter at the margin. Gills distant, thickish, white, almost
free, broad towards the stem and truncate " sometimes forked at the
outer end." With ''Stem 2 — 3 inches high, ^ — ^ inch thick, com-
pressed, often splitting, twisted or irregular. Whole plant brittle and of
a watery substance." Grev. L c. I am not acquainted with this
species except from dried specimens, marked by M. Klotzsch, and the
original ones of Sowerby. I feel, however, quite convinced from these,
that its closest affinities are with A. butyraceus and other similar
species of this section.

\\Q. A. coiijluens., Pers. (confluent hoary Agaric) ; confluent
csespitose, pileus subcarnose dirty-white, gills free close, stem
fistulose compressed villoso-pulverulent. Pers. Ic. &; Descr.
t. 5./. 1, 2. Fr. Syst Myc. v. 1. p. 123. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ.
exs. n. 12.

Woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon. Wanstead. Soiu. Herb.
Scotland. Klotzsch, in Hooli. Herb. Yarwell, Norths. Beeston,
Notts. Hev. M. J. Berkeley. — Densely tufted, often in large rings.
Pileus 1 — H inch broad, reddish-brown, changing when dry to cream-
colour, at first convex, with the gills perfectly free so as to leave a naked
ring round the top of the stem, at length exyianded obsoletely umbonate
more or less irregular and compressed, the margin when fresh finely
striate. Gills distinct, free, linear, finely serrulate, pale changing to cream
colour. Stem 2 inches or more high, above 1 line thick, compressed,
thickest upwards, and pale rufous below; the whole villous with white
mealy pubescence ; not strigose.

117. A. xdnthopus, Fr. (jjellow-stemmed Agaric) ; pileus sub-

Acjaricus.] FUNGI. 47

carnose subumboTiate even pallid-yellou', gills free rather
broad, stem fistulose equal yellow. Fr, Syst. Myc, v. 1.
p, 124. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 149. — A. treimdus, Batsch,
Cont. 2.f. 209.

Fir [)lantation3. Kirriemnir, Scotland. July. Klotzsch, in Hook.
Herb. — " Pileus tough, subconvex, becoming pale. Stem 3 inches
high, rigid, strigose at the base." Fr. I. c.

IIS. A. dryopldlus. Bull, {oak-lenf Agaric) ; pileus subcar-
nose expanded even sometimes depressed, gills nearly free
stem fistnlose smooth yellowish thickened at the base. Bull
t. 434. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 124. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3.
p. 149.—^. dryophyllus. Sow. t. 127. With. v. ^.p. 256. Purt.
V. 3. n. 1469. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 379.

Amongst leaves, especially oak-leaves. May. — Oct. Very common. —
" Solitary or tufted, very variable in size and colour. Pileus I — 3
inches broad, whitish, pinkish, yellowish or livid, plane, sometimes
depressed, fleshy, thin, tender, easily injured, of a watery substance.
Gills free, white or very pale flesh-colour, soft, tender, entire or serrate,
numerous. Stem 2—3 inches high, \—^ of an inch thick, shining,
splitting, sometimes twisted, of the same colour as the pileus, but the
summit is generally darker and pinkish. The whole plant is fragile and
the pileus easily detached from the stem." Grev. I. c. I copy the above
description from Dr. Greville, as applying more generally than my own
notes which are taken from red-stemmed varieties. In those neither
the pileus nor stem are so tender, but this arises probably from their
being examined when the pileus had become pale in consequence of
having parted with a great deal of its moisture. I believe A. arjuusus
to be only a variety. Fries seems never to have found specimens about
which he could satisfy himself, and mine differ only from small varieties
of A. dryophdus in the scattered fasciculate pubescence of the stem. I
have found a variety o'i A. peronatiis'\n\\\\\c\\ the strigae were arranged
exactly in the same way, so that not improbably the appearance is
entirely owing to casual circumstances. Persoon quotes A. mollis, ^^i\\\.,
adding" ex ipso auctore ;" but, allowing all that can be allowed for the
depression of the pileus and consequent decurrence of the gills, the
figure will show this to be almost impossible. He is probably right in
su[)posing A. hariolorum. Bull. t. ^i^o. f. 2, to which A. iiemoralis,
Wi t li. i\nd Part, is referred, a variety of A. peroiiatus. Bulliard's
other plate seems to be something quite diflerent.

I. ScOKTEi ; (from scorteifs, coriaceous.) Vihits suhcoria-
ceous, dry. G ids free, subdistant, at hnytli pad id.

119. A. perondtus, Bolt, (spatterdash Ayarlr) ; pileus fl«'shy
convex then expan(le<l subcoriaceous, gills distant palc-rcddisli
or bntiish, stem solid rooting below and there clothed with
yellow striga>. Bolt. t. 58. Sow. t. 37. With. v. \. p. 196.
Part. V. 3. n. ]4\0. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ;>. l~^6. Grev. FL
Ed. p. 379. 77. /Jan. t. 20iH. /! 2. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ.
e.xs. 7i. 13.

Amongst rotten leaves, especially oak-lcnves ; in woods. .Inly— Nov.
i'oxmwon.— rdcus I— 2^ inches broad, convex or campanulatc at IcMRth

48 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

expanded, sometimes umbonate, carnoso-coriaceous, subrutescent or
yellowish, pallid when dry, clothed with a minute matted silkiness.
Gills of the colour of the pileus with a yellowish margin, distant,
rounded behind, almost free. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, 2 lines thick,
composed of fibres, solid above and downy, hollow below and there
covered with dense yellow strigag. Taste acrid. — A. urens, Bull, figured
in FL Dan. t. 2018,/. 1., is Fries' var. ,S tomentellus.

120. A. oreades, Bolt, {fairy-ring Agaric^ Scotch bonnets.
Champignon); pileus fleshy tough subumbonate, first rufous
then pallid, gills distant whitish as \vell as the round solid
fibrous-barked stem. Bolt. ^.131. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. Lp,
127. Grev. FL Ed. p. 379. Sc. Crijp, FL t. 323. Klotzsch,
Fung. Germ. exs. n. 14. — A Orcades, With. v. 4. p. 202.
Purt. V. 2 Sf 3. 91. 932. — A. caryophyllcBus, Schceff. t. 77.
Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 144. — A. pseudo.mouceron, Bull. t.
144, 528./. 2. — A.pratensis, Soiv. t. 247.

Pastures, often forming rings. May — Nov. Common. — Gregarious.
Pileus ^ — l inch broad, smooth, fleshy, convex, at length nearly plane,
more or less umbonate, generally more or less compressed and sinuate,
tough, coriaceous, elastic, wrinkled and sometimes cracked, watery
brown ; as it becomes dry cream-coloured ; margin pale. Flesh white,
quite distinct from that of the stem. Gills free, pale, distant, slightly
ventricose. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, 2—3 lines thick, equal, solid,
very tough, composed of fibres splitting longitudinally, the outer coat
squamuloso-fibrous, base downy, somewhat rooting and attached to the
roots of grass. Taste and odour strong but agreeable. Though tough,
much used as an article of food on the continent and occasionally in
this country, but too frequently very different and poisonous fungi are
gathered under the name. See Mush, and Champ., Illust, by J. D. C.
Sowerby, Jan. and Roques, Hist, des Champ, p. 115. It seems to
vary in the degree of smoothness of the stem.

\2\, A.porreus, Fr. {velvety garlic Agaric) ; strong-scented,
pileus subcarnose even, gills almost free white, stem long downy
rufescent. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.l.p. 128. FL Dan. t. 2020. / 2.
Klotzsch, Fung. Germ. exs. n. 15. — A. alliaceus, Bull. t. 158,
524. / 1. Sow. t. ^\. Purt. v. 2 &; 3. n. 959. t. 11 — A.
peronatus, var. 3. With. v. 4. p. 196.

In woods, amongst dead leaves especially oak-leaves. Sept.— Nov.
Not common. Oversley wood. Purton. Scotland. Klotzch, in Hook.
Herb. Colly weston. Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— Pileus |— 1
inch broad, plane slightly depressed, dirty-white with a brownish shade,
paler on the margin which is membranaceous, and regularly striate.
Gills nearly free, paler than the pileus, slightly connected by veins.
Stem 2—3 inches high, 2—3 lines thick, velvety, albido-pulverulent,
as is at once evident even in dry specimens, rufescent, tomentose below,
pale above, fistulose ; generally growing on the midrib of the leaves.
Odour like that of garlic, very powerful. Specimens in Sowerby's
Herbarium gathered July 31, 1796, still retain their garlic scent.—
Bulliard's plant t. 158, has the stem attenuated upwards, more tomen-
tose and solid, and the gills not so distant, and in consequence a doubt
has arisen whether it is correctly quoted here. The stem, however, is

Agaricus.] PUNGT. 49

fistulose, and not so tomentose in t. 524./. 1. ; and Sowerby^s plant,
though figured as hollow, is said in the text to he often solid. Fries has
carefully re-examined the point and finds nothing to alter on a comparison
of specimens o{ A.porrei/s, A..scoro(lonius, and A. (lUificeiis. My plant
is certainly the same as that of vSowerby and I'urton, aud I think also
that intended by Fries. Klotzsch's sjjecimens, both Scottish anti
German, are clearly identical. Specimens on the other hand from the
station mentioned by Greville in FL Ed. and marked by him, are
certainly different from the true A. alliaams. Persoon in the jMi/c.
Eur. unites the plants of Sowerby and Greville as a variety of his
A. croceus, keeping A. jwrreus, Fr. distinct with Bulliard's synonyn).

122. A,fusco-p2irpurevs, Pers. (purple-hrown Agaric) ; pilous
subcarnose nignlose purple- brown turning pale, gills free
rufescent, stem listnlose rusty, base elongated and strigoso.
Pers, Ic. 8)' Descr. Fung. t. 4. /. 1 — 3. Fr. Sgst. Mijc. v. 1. p.
128.

Woods on beech leaves and small rotten sticks. Yarwell, Norths.
Sept. 28, 1827. llev. M. J. Berkeley. — Gregarious. Plkus 1 inch or
more broad ; at first conic, obtuse, then expanded, rugose, dark brown-
purple, changing to pallid umber, subcarnosc; flesh white, firm, elastic.
GUIs slightly ventricose, almost free, nearly of the same colour as the
pilcus : not very close, the edge dark denticulate. Sporuhs white,
round. Stem 1^ inch long, 2 lines thick, fistulose, composed of fibres,
sometimes slightly compressed, elastic, distinct from the pileus, umber,
with a few scattered dark fibrillose specks, strigose at the base, the
•strigai pale-brown, and sending down many matted roots amongst the
leaves on which it grows.

Subgenus 9. Collybia ; (from zoa/.-j(So:, a sinull piece of
money). Stem Jistulose, though often very indistinctly so, skndtr,
equal, round, firm, often rooting. Pileus carnoso-mcmhrauaccousy
tough, convex, then plane, sometimes depressed iii the centre, smooth,
dry. Gills obtuse behind, free or fixed, never decurrent, uner/ual,
juiceless, plane, quite entire. — Small dry pers iste?it fungi, grouping
on tJie ground or ejnphytes.

* Gills genuine.

123. A. scorod6?iius,Yv. (small garlic Agaric) ; strong-scent-
ed, pileus subcarnose dirty-white as well as the cri>p atlnate
gills, stem short smooth fistulose rufous. Fr. Sysf. Myc. v. 1.
J). 130. Pers. Myc. Juir. v. li. jt. 129. Klatzsch, Fung, d'lnn.
exs. n. 1(). — A. alliutus, Schaff. t. 1)9. Pers. Syn. p. 373.
Tratt. Fssb. Schxv. p. G2. t. IL— Fungus, c^c. 3Jich. p. 144. /.
77. /. 2.

Heaths and dry |)asturcs. — " J'dnis J? an iiu h or more broad, plane,
rugulose. G'iV/.v connected by veins, seceiling. .S7(7/j 1 inih or more high,
nearly 1 line thick, scarcely rootini:." /'/. /. r. — My only authority for tin-
admission of this species as British, is a single dried specimen in a col-
iectiou of fungi from the neighbourhood of liunuav, niade l)y Mr.
Stock. It is, however, in such ^ood condition, ami >o cIom'Iv resem-
bles Schalltr'b figure, that 1 feci tiuitc confident of its being llic true

£

60 FUNGI. [Agaricus,

A. scorodonius. According to Persoon and Trattinnick, notwithstand-
ing its strong garlic scent, it forms an article of food.

124. A, esculentus, VYulf. {small esculent Agaric); pileus
subcarnose obtuse clay-coloured, gills adnexed 'loose white,
stem fistulose rooting smooth yellowish. Wulf. in Jacq. ColL
2. t, 14./. 4. Pers. Syn. p. 389. Tratt. Essb. Schw. p. 65.
t. 1. Fr. St/St. Myc. v. 1. p. 131.— A Clavus, Schceff. t. 59.
Pers, Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 150. — A. perjmidicularisy Bull. t. 422.

/. 2.

Fir plantations. Oct. — May. Very common in Scotland. Klotzsch,
in Hook. Herb. Blackadder plantations, Berwickshire. Johnston. —
" Pileus I an inch or more broad, sometimes striate and occasionally
fuscous. Gills broad, rather close. Stem 2 inches high, 1 line thick,
obsoletely fistulose. Root generally smooth." Fr. I. c. The root is
sometimes six inches long and downy when growing amongst leaves,
either perpendicular or flexuous. Much eaten in Austria, where, in
the beginning of April, large baskets of it are brought to market under
the name of NagelscJncainme, which accords with Linnaeus's name,
A. Clavus. It has, however, a bitter, unpleasant taste.

125. A. tenacellus, Pers. {dark fir-cone Agaric); pileus sub-
carnose, gills adnexed loose subdistant rather broad snow-
Avhite, stem fistulose very long tawny, the base villous and
rooting. Pers. Ic. Pict. t.l.f. 3, 4. Fr. Sysf. 3Iyc. v. 1. p.
131. Fl. Dan. t. 2021. /. 2. — A. spi?iipes, Soiv. t. '206.

On fir-cones, principally those of the spruce fir. Oct. — Nov. Kot
uncommon. Ashton, Norths. Lambley, Notts. Rev. M. J. BcrMey.
— Pileus ^ — 1 inch broad, when young conic, then convex and sub-
hemisphaerical, at length expanded and nearly plane, sometimes slightly
umbilicate ; not striate, subcarnose, smooth, dry, cinereous, inclining
to yellowish : often altogether abortive. Gills free or often adnexed,
ventricose, sometimes remarkably so, rather distant, the shorter ones
truncate behind ; in general pure white but sometimes with a tinge of
grey ; under a powerful lens covered with variously hooked or conic
papillce. Stem 2—4 inches long, scarcely 1 line thick, flexuous, filiform,
attenuated very much towards the base and somewhat strigose, hollow,
pale above, below tawny, very minutely pubescent under a good lens ;
when young beautifully downy and then not distinctly hollow, but with
only a pale line down the centre. Taste very pleasant.

126. A. conigenus, Pers. {inealy -stemmed fir-cone Agaric) ;
pileus subcarnose unequal, gills free close linear dirty- white,
stem fistulose pulverulent, base rooting strigose. Pers. Syn.
p. 388. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 153. {excl. var. spinipes). Fr. Syst.
Myc. v.\. p. 132.—^. hippopi7ius, With. v. 4. p. 188. Purt.
v.^3.7i. 1452.

On fir-cones, principally of the Scotch fir. Oct.— Nov. Probably
not uncommon. Packington, Warw. Withering. Bunker's Hill,
near Stourbridge, Worcest. Purton. Ashton, Norths. Beeston, Notts.
Rev. 31. J. Berkeley.— Gi-egavious. Pileus 1 inch or more broad,
rather irregular, umbonate, expanded, often depressed, sometimes quite
smooth, but occasionally more or less lanato-pubescent ; sometimes

Agaricus.]

FUNGI, 51

tinged with chocolate, but generally ochraceo-rufous; pale when dry,
and then occasionally zoned : Jhsk woolly when dry, firm when
moist. Gills very numerous, linear, fi-ee or only adnexed, tinged with
yellow, or of the colour of the pileus, the unequal ones very long.
Sporules white, globose. Stem very various in height,^— U lines
thick, tough, pulverulento-pubescent with a long very strigose rooting
base, rufous, hollow, the inside woolly. — Certainly a very distinct spe-
cies from the last. I do not find any processes on the gills. It must
not be confounded with A. conjiucns.

127. A. 2i}uhHus,"Berk. (small lorinkled Agaric); pileus
tough submeuibrauaceous radiato-rugose minutely pulverulent,
gills adnate, stem velvety strigose at the base.

Small stumps and sticks in woods. Oct. King's Cliffe, Wothorpc,
Norths. — Pileus 1 line — 1 inch broad, campanulate, at length convexo-
planc, wrinkled in the direction of the gills, tough, submembranaccous,
minutely pulverulent, dull-brown or cinereous. Gills truly adnate,
ascending or horizontal, moderately distant, connected by veins, white
with a yellowish tinge. Stem 2— 2i inches high, ^—1 line thick,
strigose at the base, rufous, minutely velvety, fistulose, sometimes com-

jiressed A very well marked species, but I can find no description

of it.

128. A. tnherosusy Bull, (small parasitic Agaric); white,
pileus subcarnose at length umbonate, gills close adnate, stem
fistulose nearly naked. Bull. t. 256, 522. /. 4. Fr. Sijst. Myc.
V. 1. p. 133. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 23. FL Ed. p. 380.

Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 126 A. ahwmus, Bolt. t. 155. — A,

Amanit(c, Batsch, Cont. 1. /. 93.

On dry blackened Agarics, either immediately, or growing upon dif-
ferent 6[)ecies of Schrotinm ; akso amongst decayed leaves and moss,
with or without a Sckrotiiim. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon. — Films
2—9 lines broad, subcarnose, at first convex then expanded, and sub-
umbonate, sometimes depressed, white, shining with a satiny lustre.
Gills numerous, close, acutely adnate. Stem 1 inch long, very slen-
der, white or subrufescent, under the lens pulverulent, falsely fistulose.
The stems have a tendency to become engrafted on each other. There
is little doubt that A. nieemostts, Sow. is a state of this species. The
tuber I believe to be quite distinct, and the Agaric to be |)arasitic on it.
A variety is figured in /•'/. JJan. t. 20^12. f. 1. with broailer gills and a
stem pubescent at the base.

129. A. ocelldtusy Fr. (cykt Agaric) ; pilou;> subcarnose piano
white at length innbilicate, tlie umbilicus dusky, gills wliito
a(huite, stem fistulose subpnlverulent subrufescent rooting and
fibrillose at the base. Fr. Sysl. Myc. v. \.p. 131.— /i. Clams,
Bull. t. 569./. 1. — A. tuhcrosus, var. cirratus, Pcrs. Syu. p.
374.— yl. cirratus, Pcrs. iSIyc. Ear. r. 3. p. Vi:>.—h. A. pallor,
Batsch, Cont. \. f. 95.

On the ground amongst leaves. Sept. — Oct. Kinnonly. Klutzsr/i,
in llin>h. Ilirh. — " J'ilrtis even, smooth, sometin.cs rcpand ; di>k yi.l-
losv-brown or infous. (lills close, narrow. Stim obsolctcly fibtulose,
1—3 iuchcii long, s>ubfiliforu), i)aler above." Fr, I, c.

52 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

130. A, Cldvns, Bull, (pin Agaric) ; pileus subcarnose nearly
plane orange-red, gills fixed rather broad whitish as well as
the short smooth stuffed stem. Bull. t. 148. Bolt. t. 39. B.
With. V. 4. 'p. 205, Part. v. 3. n. 1478. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.

p. 134. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 380.

Amongst leaves, on rotten sticks, &c. Aug. — Oct. Not common.
Pophills. Purtoji. Balrauto, &c. Greville. Wansford, Norths. Mar-
gate. Rev. M. J. Berlieley. — Pileus ^ — 4 lines broad, campanulate,
generally umbonate, margin striate, under a powerful lens most minutely
pilose, bright orange, the umbo darkest, subcarnose, within deep orange.
Gills few, somewhat ventricose, adnexed or adnate with shorter ones
between them, white tinged with yellow. Stem about 1 inch long,
quite filiform, flexuous, nearly equal, minutely pilose like the pileus,
pale yellow with a line within showing it to be fistulose. When grow-
ing on sticks there are a few minute strigae at the base.

131. A. rajnedlis, Bull, (stick Agaric); pileus subcarnose
nearly plane dirty-white with a rufescent tinge, gills white
adnate, stem stuffed short mealy. Bull. t. 336. With, v. 4.
p. 149. Purt. V. 3. n. 1438. Fr. Syst, Myc. v. I. p. 135.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 381. Pers. Myc, Eur. p. 124. — A. candidus,
Bull. t. 39. D.

Common upon small decaying branches, especially of bramble and
hazel, during the whole year. — Gregarious. Pileus 3 — 4 lines broad,
plano-convex, at length wrinkled and depressed, pale-rufescent the
centre darker, under a lens clothed with minute matted silkiness. Gills
distant, adnate, sometimes broad behind, whitish or subrufescent ; mar-
gin denticulate. Stem \ — \ inch high, \ line thick, curved, fibrillose
with furfuraceous scales ; the base minutely dilated, whitish or subru-
fescent.— I believe A. amadelphus to be only a state of this species.
The gills are not unfrequently reddish or ochraceous ; generally so in
decay, and though often narrow, they vary in breadth and degree of
adherence to the stem.

132. A. parasiticus, Bull, {parasitic Agaric); pileus sub-
carnose convex soon plane pruinose pale-grey, gills thick ad-
nate darker, stem fistulose villous. Bull. t. bl4:. f. 2, Sow,
t. 343. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 135. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p,
127. — A. iimhratus, With, v, 4. p). 186. — 3Ierulius parasiticus,
Purt. V. 3. n. 1425 (in part).

On blackened Agarics. Aug. — Oct. Not common. Oban, Argyle-
shire. Thornhaugh. Norths. Ilev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pz'/eMSjofan
inch broad, conico-campanulate, silky, subcarnose, somewhat irregular,
grey with a slight tinge of umber at the apex ; Jlesh dark. Gills darker
than the pileus, paler at the edges, thick, distant, somewhat forked and
anastomosing, connected by veins broader towards the apex, slightly
adnate, ventricose. Stem 1 — 2 inches liigh, 1 line thick, thickest
downwards, very silky es[)ecially at the base, crisp, dark within. Odour
like that of Polyporus squamosus.

Fries has made a new genus of this somewhat anomalous species in
\\\e Si/n. Orb. Veg., under the name of iVyc^rt//A% characterized by its
universal silky veil and fold-like gills. But in his Ind. Alph., which
contains his latest views,'! can find no trace of it, and therefore con-

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 53

elude that he Is not quite satisfied about the propriety of doing so. It
certainly has little affinity with the species with which it is here asso-
ciated, but I know not where to place it more advantai^eously. It must
not be confounded with Asterophora (ifjuricoidcsy wiiicli is a perfectly
distinct plant, thoiij^h its analogy is very striking. The plicae in that
species do not bear sporules.

** Gills more or less rescynhling veins , homogeneous with
the pileus.

133. A. Vaillmtiij Fr. ( Vaillant's Agaric) ; pileus plane
plicate white as well as the distant broadly adnate gills, stem
solid smooth reddish-brown incrassated above and paler. Fr.
Syst. Myc, v. \. p. 136. Pers. Myc. Evr. v, S. j). 70. — Fimgus
pileolo candicante, c^'c, VailL J3ot. Far, p, 69. ^ 11. /. 21 — 24.
— MeriiUus androsaceiis^ With. v. A. p. 143.

On sticks and decayed leaves in beech woods. Packington Park,
amongst moss. Withering. — " Pileus h an inch broad, plane, now
and then depressed, striato-rugose. GiUs distinct, simple, triangular
and thence apparently decurrent. Stem 1 inch high, very tough, yel-
lowish when young, base smooth, black, even and shining ; the middle
bay, the apex whitish, most minutely pruinose." Fr. I. c. Withering's
description accords with his synonym from Vaillant, and will not apply
to any of the other species usually confounded under the name of A.
andro.sdceus.

134. A. Rotula, Scop, (wheel Agaric); pileus convex iinibilU
cate plicate white as well as the gills which are attached to a
free collar surrounding the smooth dark fistulose stem. Scop.
Fl. Cam. n. 1569. Soio. t. 95. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 1. ;?. 136.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 381. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 275.— Meru-
lius collariatus, With. v. 4. ;;. 144. Part. v. 2 S^' 3. n. 893. —
A. androsaccvs, Bull. t. Q>4^ 569. f. 3.

On sticks, stumps, dead leaves, &c. The whole year. Common. —
Pileus 1 — 3 lines broad, hemispherical, umbilicatc, anil minutely um-
l)onate, jjlaited, smooth, margin crenate ; white or pale buff with a dark
um!)ilicus. (ji//s broad, distant, equal, or occasionally with a fciv short
ones of the same colour as the |)ilcus, connate behind and separating
from the stem so as to present the appearance of being fixed to a free
collar surrounding the stem. Sfrui setiform, slightly flexuous, white
above, then tawny, deep-shining brown at the base, striate, fistulosc,
frecjuently branched and sarmentose, with or without abortive pilei.

135. A. audrosdc(us,Jj. (Avdrosarc-lihc Agaric); j)ileus con-
vex plicate wliite tinged with brown, gills adnate distinct
simple, stem fistnlose snlcatc black quite smooth. Linn. Suec.
1193. Bolt. t. 32. Sow. t. 94 ! Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ;;. 137.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 381. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 273. Klotzsch,
Fung. Germ, exs, n. 17. — A. cpiphyllHs, Jhtll. t. 569. /*. 2. —
Merulius androsaceus, Purt. v. 2 &; 3. Ji. 849. {not of With.)

On fern stems, oak and beech leaves, Sec , generally <>n the j)rincipal
nerves. The whole year. (Jommon — Pileus .') — (» lines l)roaii, con-
vex, with a slight depression, pale rufescent, ilarkcr in the centre.

54 ]?UNGI. [Affaricus.

grooved and notched, under a lens clothed with a minute matted silki-
iiess. GiHs adnate, sometimes quite simple (about 15) with shorter
ones between and no rugas ; occasionally forked with wrinkles in the
interstices. Stem 1—2 inches high, filiform, quite smooth, shining-
black, twisted when dry, often branched and sarmentose at the base
like the last. — A. androsaceus, Sow. t. 94, though represented as
growing on oak-leaves, is pronounced by Fries to be A. jjerforans;
but an inspection of the specimens in Sowerby's Herbarium proves them
to be undoubtedly the true A. androsaceus. A. jjerforans, of which I
have before me specimens from Mougeot, is quite different. The stem
is not smooth and shining, but velvety. I am not aware that it has
been found in Great Britain.

136. A. caulicindlis, Bu[\. (small scaly Agaric) ; pileus imi-
bilicate whitish minutely velvety or scaly, gills nearly free,
stem bright brown subfistulose fibrillose or scaly. Bull, t.
522./. 1. Pers. 3Iyc, Eur. v. 3. p. 156. — A. stipitarius, Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 138 A. scabellus, Alb. &>^ Schiv, t. 9./. 6.

On grass, sticks, stumps, &c. Aug. — Sept. Not uncommon. — On
grass. Dickson in Sowerby's Herbarium, marked " JL. gra7nineus f On
living Festuca j)innata, at Wansford, Norths. On Clematis Vitalba, at
Margate. — Pileus 2 — 7 lines broad, convex at first and minutely umbo-
uate, then expanded, depressed or umbilicate, whitish, with small shining
red-brown scales, disposed sometimes in zones, rendering the margin
jagged ; in large specimens it is sulcate. Gills distant with very few
fthorter ones, nearly free, thickish, of a yellowish tinge, various in
breadth, sometimes rather ventricose. Stem f — 1| inch high, not h a
line thick, flexuous, filiform, clothed with red-brown woolly tomentum
or squamules, darker than the pileus, often perforating the substance
on which it grows, composed of fibres, with a narrow fistulose line
down the centre. — I have long considered A. scabellus as the same
species with the present, though placed by Fries in "Derminus,'" and
gathered by himself. Persoon has come to the same conclusion in the
Mi/c. Fur. and Fries in the Ind. Alp/i. declares himself to be now of
the same opinion. I strongly suspect A. graminicokiy Nees v. Esen-
beck, to be another form. The gills are indeed darker, but the colour-
ing of his plates is generally too much exaggerated ; his description
does not accord ill with it. When in perfection, few Agarics are more
elegant.

137. A.fcetidus, Sow. (small foetid Agaric) ; pileus convexo-
plane umbilicate plicate bay-tawny, gills paler adhering to a
collar, stem velvety fistulose bright brown. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. I. p. 138. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 382. — Mendius fceddus, Soto.
t, 21. With. V. 4. 2?. 146. Felh. Fl. Ca?it. ed. 3. p. 520.^ A.
venosus, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. S. ]?. 275.

Eottenwood. Aug. — Nov. Eare. Madingley Wood,Camb. i?e//m?«.
Foxhall, near Edinburgh. Captain Wauc/i. Scent like that of garlic.
Fel/f. Soiv. — " Pileus ^ — f of an inch broad, convex, rarely quite plane,
plicate, reddish-brown, thin, glabrous. Gills adnate, yellow, narrow, dis-
tant. Ste7?i 1 inch high, thin, dark-brown, minutely velvety or hairy."
Grev. I. c. At the base is a small radiated membrane. This appears to
be a rare species. Purton's plant is not certainly the true one, accord-
ing to his own statement. In Dr. Hooker's Herbarium are specimens

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 55

sent by Bcrtero from the island of Juan Fernandez, gathered March,
1830, marked (A. alliodorns), and others gathered hi Scotland with a
pileus and stem paler than usual, and the interstices of the gills very
much veined.

138. A. epijjhylliis, Pers. {scalc-lihe Agaric) ; pileus nearly
plane rugose white as well as the few adnate veinlike gills,
stem fistulose minutely velvety brown bright below. Pcrs,
Sijn. lu 468. Myc, Eur. v. 3. p. 272. Fr. Si/sL Myc. v. 1.

p. 139. Grev. FL Ed. p. 381 A, Sqiiamida, Batsch, Cont.

1. f. 84. Soiu, t. 93. — Merulius Squaimda, With. v. 4. ;?.
14G. Purt. V. 2 S)^ 3. n. 895.—^. iimhelliferus, Bolt. t. 39.
A. {not of With.)

Dead leaves, especially of ivy. Sept.— Dec. Very common. —
Pik'i/s 3 lines broad, plane, at length umbilicate, cream-coloured, rugose.
Gd/s veiny, branched, adnate, broad at the base ; in large specimens
they are seen, when accurately examined, to form a close collar round
the stem, which is evident even when the gills are almost obsolete ;
margin of the collar cream-coloured. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, filiform,
brown or blackish below, paler upwards, minutely velvety. — Hdotium
31ehtnopus, Pers. Ic. ct Descr. t. 9. / 7, 8, is nothing more than this
species with the gills obsolete.

139. A. Ihtds6?ii, Pers. (small hairy Agaric) ; pileus con-
vexo-expanded whitish beset with red erect liairs as well as
the red-brown stem, gills whitish. Pers. Syn. p. 390. 3Iijc.
Eur. V. 3. ;;. 270. Dec. FL Fr. v. 2. ;;. 164. Purt. v. 2 Sf 3.
71. 970. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 139. — A. pilosusj Huds. Ft.
Angl. p. 622. ^ow. t. 164.

In woods on decayed leaves, especially holly-leaves. Winter months.
Hare. Croydon. Dichson. Hollybush Hill, Wansted. Mr. Ti. M.
Forstcr. — " Pileus 3 lines broad, convex, ahnost hemisphasrical, white,
clothed with red erect subrigid hairs. Gdls dirty-white. Stoii 1 — 2
inches high, filiform, whitish, red-brown or reddish, somewhat hairy at
the base." /////■/<. /. r. Dccandolie compares this species with A. Po-
t/da, and ascribes to it a shining black stem and a pileus beset with
black hairs. Sowerby represents the gills as attached to a collar.

Subgenus 10. Mycena ; (from /Mv/.n;, ft fungus). Stem
highly Jistulosc, gracfful, suhcartilaginous^ distinct from the jdkus,
gcncndly villous or rooting at the base, never bulbous. Pileus
membra/uueous, conic or subglobosc, then campanidatc^ seldom
more expanded, substriate, generally smooth icithuitt scales, mare or
less diajdtanoiis. Gills umyual, ascending^ acute behind. Asci
distinct. — Small graceful fungi.

* Stem rooting (except in A. Iris) even, juieeless. Gills
free^ tlui margin of the same colour.

MO. A. allidcrus, Ja((|. (rooting garlic Afjaric) ; strong-
seontod, pileus louj^h white witii a brownish tint, gills free
dirty-white, stem tall blackish between pruinouc and velvety.

56 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

Jacq, AusL t, 82. {fide Fries). With, v, 4. p, 246. Fr. SijsL
Ahjc, V. 1. p. 140. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 245. Grev. FL
Ed. p. 382. (excL syn.)— Fungus alpinus^ 8fc., Mich. p. 144. t.

78./. 4.

Amongst leaves and on rotten wood. Rare. Foxhall, near Edin-
burgh. Captain Waiich. Bungay. Mr. Stock.—'' Pileus 1 inch or
more broad, at length plane, subumbonate, even or obsoletely striate,
becoming pallid. Stem long, attenuated upwards, rigid rather horny,
incurved at the base and rooting." Fr. I. c. " Root crooked, thick,
knotty, sunk about an inch into the earth, and always attached to
rotten wood." Wit/i.— Withering' s account scarcely admits of a doubt
that he was acquainted with the true plant of Jacquin, though perhaps
he confounded with it other garlic-scented species. Greville's plant is
certainly this, and not J., porreus, as proved by specimens from himself
now before nie. The stem when dry is shining and striate, not dull as
in A. porreus. Its horny texture also is very different.

141. A. olro'dlbiis, Bolt, (black and ivhite Agaric) ; pileiis
even blackish the margin and the free gills whitish, stem tumid
at the base and strigose. Bolt. t. 137. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 141. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 230. — A. varius, var. 8.

With. V. 4. p. 219.

In pastures and on sticks in moist shady places. Aug,— Nov.
Purton, 3ISS. Amongst moss about the roots of trees near Halifax.

Bolton. " Solitary or gregarious, rather firm. Pileus obtuse. Ste?n

2—3 inches long, sometimes pruinose at the apex." Fr. I. c.

142. A. filojjes, Bull {thread-stetmned Agaric); pilens obtuse
striate livid-brown, gills free white ventricose, stem long even,
root hairy. Bull. t. 320. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. ]. p. 142. FL
Ban. t. 2022. /. 2.—A. pilosus, Batsch, El. f. 2.

Woods. Aug. — Oct. Probably not uncommon. Abundant in Scot-
land. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.— Wmkbourn, Notts. Cottcrstock,
ISorths. Pev. M. J. Berkelei/.— Pileus ^ an inch broad, convex or
conico-campanulate, striate, livid-brown or umber with a tinge of flesh-
colour, striate. Gills free or minutely adnexed, slightly ventricose,
white or a dilute shade of the pileus. Stem 2—3 inches long, fistulose,
juicy, smooth, except the rooting base which is pilose, livid, dirty-
white or brownish. — It is difficult to distinguish this species from some
small varieties of A. galericulatus, in which the manner of adherence of
the gills varies very much. Similar forms of A. alcalinus are known
by their nitrous odour.

143. A. Iris, Berk, (onany 'Coloured Agaric) ; pileus obtuse
striate sub viscid adorned with blue fibrillse, gills almost free,
stem fasciculato-pilose.

Fir stum[)s. Oct. Clifton, Notts.— Fasciculate or scattered, brittle,
when young the pileus and stem are bright sky-blue and beautifully
tomentose. Pileus | — | of an inch broad, membranaceous, hemisphaeri-
cal, obtuse, striate, umber, clothed with blue fibrillse which are glued
down to the epidermis, scattered in the centre, thicker and more free
on the margin which is slightly denticulate. Gills free or slightly
adnexed, linear, pale cinereous, the margin sometimes denticulate. Stem

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 57

1^ — 3^ inches high, not 1 line broad, not rooting, blue below, above
subrufescent, the tonientum below depressccl and blue, above nearly
white, minutely but distinctly fasciculato-pilose ; in very elongated spe-
cimens obsolete. — Another form has the pileus much longer, subcam-
panulate, rutescent, varied with yellow-green towards the margin and
blue nearer to the centre ; sometimes the whole rufescent except the
extreme margin which is deep blue. The gills paler, but not always so,
and more denticulate, their edges milky. Smell strong. — A most ele-
gant though small species. The variety is not unlike the state o^ A,
galericulatus figured by Sowerby in form and disposition of colour ;
but its essential characters are quite different. 1 can find no descrip-
tion at all answering to it. A. amictus seems the nearest, and on this
account, but especially because of the nature of the gills, though it has
no root, it is placed next to it. The wood on which it grew was very
little decayed; and perhaps under other circumstances the stem might
have been elongated in a softer nidus, and have assumed the appearance
of a root.

144. A. pcn/perctdiis, Berk, {srnall tcJiite rooting Agaric) ;
strong'-scented, pileus obtuse minutely innato-fibrillose, gills at
first free then adnexed, stem smooth except the rooting base.

Inside of decayed stumps. Clifton, Notts. J^ept. 20, 1832. — Pileus
1 line broad, fleshy, for the size of the plant firm, scarcely niembrane-
ous, obtusely conic or hemisphierical, most minutely but decidedly
innato-fibrillose, pale ocliraceous-white, in age almost tawny, probably
stained by the wood on Avhich it grows. M'hen moist, the gills shine
through, giving it a striate ai)pearance, but not always. Gills white,
adnexed by reason of the growth of the pileus ; in youth they are really
free. Sporules white, round. Stem ^ — 1 inch high, h a line thick,
white, curved, rooting, the root villous, minutely stuffed", smooth, even
under a high magnit\ing power, powdered at the toj) with the sporules,
generally thicker below. OdDur farinaceous. — Allicil to A. olralifif/s,
but I think distinct from all its small varieties. For its size it is nuicli
more ffeshy, and seems to have no tendency to be coloured Uke that
i>j)ecies.

** Stem even, Jiiicelcss, more or less rootijig. Gills adnatc;
the margin of the same colour.

145. A. nlcalinvs^ Fr. {strong-scented helmet Agaric) ; strongf-
secnted, pileus obtuse cinereous striate, gills adiuito white
then glaucous, stem oven firm villous at the base. Fr. Sgsf.
]\[}jc. V. 1. p. 14i\ — Fungus mullijdejc obtuse conicus, S)C. )'aill,
Jiot.pnr.p. 71.^ 12. /. I, 2.

Woods and hedges, on sticks, stumps, (.^-c. Very conunon. Ashton,
Norths. Margate, Sec. J{n\ ]\I. J. Jhrhelri/. — Solitary or dciisily
ca'spitosc. Pileus \ — 2 inches broad, subcaniose, uml)oiiaie, siibuiii-
bonate or (juite obtuse, even, with or without iml)cd(led fihrilla* at first
conico-papill-.ite, rugose, cinereous or tingid with olive, siibstriate, wlit-u
old expaiidfd or depressed hut little elianged in colonr, though t)tcn-
hionally with a pink or yellow hue. dills adnato with a tooth, distant,
when old slightly ventricose, nt first pale then glaucous, |)inkish or yel-
lowish, more or less connrctrd by veins. Asri ilistitut, linear, clavate,
sporules (luilc globose. Stun 3 inches high, 1 — 2 linca thick, fistulose.

58 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

subfibrilloso-striate, attenuated upwards, downy at the base, the down
sometimes rather tawny, sometimes firm and tenacious, sometimes very
brittle, grey above, yellowish or reddish beneath when young, but when
old sometimes changing above to a bright yellow. Odour pungent,
like that of fermented or putrid walnuts.— A very variable species ;
often passing away into a loathsome mass before it fully expands, some-
times becoming dry and tough, but still with the same peculiar odour
and a taste similar to it.

146. A. galcriculdtus, Scop, {helmet ^^f/nc) /inodorous,
pileus uneven broAvnish, gills dirty-white adnate with a decur-
rent tooth, stem even tough, the base rooting strigose. Scop.
Fl Cam. n. 1564. Sch(£ff. t. 52. Sow. t. 165. Purt. v. 2
Sf 3. ti. 941. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 143. Grev. Fl. Ed. p.

382. Fungus midlijjkx campaniformis, S^c, Vaill. Bot. Pur. p.

73. t. 12. / 3, A.^A.Jistulosus, Bull. ^. 5J8. (in part.)— A. va-
rius, With. v. 4. p. 217. Purt. v. 3. w. 1459.—^. proliferus,
Sow. t. 169.

On or about trunks of trees, &c. Autumn. Extremely common.—
Solitary or densely caispitose. Pileus 3—9 lines broad, sometimes,
however, much larger, campanulate or conical, often subumbonate, at
length depressed, innato-fibrillose, striate, brownish-white, with some-
times tints of bltie or yellow. Gills rather distant, not so broadly
adnate as the last, sometimes nearly free, often pinkish. Stem very
various in length, rigid, smooth, except at the base which is densely
strigose. Inodorous, insipid.

*** Stemjuiceless, striated. Gills with the margin of the
same colour,

147. A. polygrmnmus, Bull, (scored Agaric); pileus obso-
letely striate subcinereous, gills white attenuato-adnexed, stem
long rigid striate shining. Bidl. t. 395. Soio. t. 222. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 146. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 383 — A. fistu-
losus, Bull, t.olS.f. U.—A. variiis, 4. Purt. v. 3. p. 217.

Woods, on stumps, especially hazel stumps. Sept. — Dec. Common.

Pileus 1 — H inches broad, at first cinereous, umber towards the

margin, glanditorm, pruinose, then livid-brown, conico-campanulate,
submembranaceous, rugose with innate fibres, margin striate. Gills
rather distant, at first dirty-white, then pinkish, ventricose though
sometimes almost linear, all but free, uiargin subserrulate. Stem 3
inches high, 1 line or more thick, regularly and deeply striate, the
interstices fibrillose, but occasionally the striae are obsolete, silvery,
rooting, fistulose, nearly the colour of the pileus, but paler, twisted
brittle. Inodorousy insipid.

**** Stem eve?i, milky ^ somewhat rooting.

148. A. gdlopus, Pers. {milky helmet Agaric); pileus striate
blackish-glaucous, gills fixed white, stem replete with white
milk. Pers. Syn. p. 379. FL Dan. t. 1550./. 2. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 1. p. 148.

Amongst leaves in woods. Sept.— Oct. Common. Hainault

Affaricus.] FUNGI. 59

Forest, Oct. 1793. Sowcrh)/, Canterbury. King's Cliffe, Norths.
Beeston, Notts. Rev. M. J. Berheley. — Pileus \ — 1 inch broad,
campanulate or convex, ochraceous, the centre blackish, (varying
somewhat in colour,) {)ellucitl, striate. GUIs white, arcuato-adnate or
even dccurrent. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, about I line thick, pale
umber, the base somewhat rooting, fibrilloso-tomentoscor even strigosc,
fistulotienot brittle. Milk mild. ^Tastc like that of radishes. iSubject to
some variation iu size and form and colour, but known by its white milk.

149. A. sa?}giii?iolc?ilii!{, Alb. & Sclnv. (blood-Juiced Agar ic);
slender, pileus striate vinous, gills fixed the margin dark-
purple, stem replete with vinous juice. Alb. S^ Schw. p. 196.
Fr, Si/sf. Myc. v. 1.;^. 149.

Woods, on sticks, &c., but especially on cones of the Scotch Fir.
Probably not uncommon. Sept. — Oct. Canterbury. Beeston, Notts.
King's Clitic, Norths. Rrv. M. J. Bcrliehij. — Solitary or gregarious.
Pili'KS 1 — 2 lines broad, obtuse, margin striate, brownish-purple,
resembling that of the crust of port wine. Gills paler, adnate, with a
tooth, n)argin purple. Stem straight, smooth, sometimes attenuate
upwards, of the same colour as the pileus, darker below, fistulose,
re[)letc with pellucid juice of the same colour. When growing on fir-
cones strigose at the base. Odour strong, like that of A. alculinns.

* 5. Stem even, not inilhy, gills adnate, margin of a different

colour,

150. A. (llegans, Pers. (yellow-bordered Agaric); pileus striate
livid-yellow, gills adnate linear livid, margin yellow, stem
rigid even, the base fibrillose. Pers. Sipi. p. 391. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. I. p. 149. Fl. Dan. t. 2024. f. 2.

Woods, on sticks amongst leaves. Sept. — Oct. Probably not
nnconunon. Canterbury (on bramble). Rev. M. J. Berheley. —
J*il(//s ^ an inch broad, obtuse, striate, livid-yellow, margin paler.
(tills rather broad, adnate, with a minute tooth, scarcely vcntricose ;
the part nearest the pileus livid ; margin beautiful yellow. Stem
1 — 2 inches high, rather brittle, slender, minutely pilose, yellow above,
brown below, fistulose, the base strigosc, rather swollen, filled wiih
watery juice.

151. A. slrobUinus, Pers. (scarlet Jir-cone Agaric) ; scarh't,
pileus acutely niubonate, margin striate, gills adnate the margin
<larker, stem firm jtiiceless furnished with wliite strigiXJ at the
base. Fers. tSyn-p. iV.V'}. Fr. St/st. 3Iyc. r. \.]). 150. Grcr.
FL Fd. p. 383. Fl. Dan. t. 2025./ 1 .—A. coccinnis, Soir. 1. 1 97.

In woods", on dead leaves and twigs, and on the cones of the Scotih
Fir. Hare. Near Newmarket. Mr. Ilemsted. Balmuto near
Edinburgh. Grevillr. — " Subgrrgarious, subrisciculate. rih 'la :\ — .")
lines l)road, campanulate, with a rather short fleshy umbt), smdoth,
bright-red or red-orange, striate at the margin. Gilts adnate, with a
dccurrent process, distant, whitish-red, edges dull and darker red.
Stew 1 — 2 inches hi^h, hollow, firm, smooth, pale red, strigose at the
base and whitisij, often with a long root." Grev. I. c.

60 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

* 6. Ste?n everii juiceless^ scarcely rooting. Gills fixedy margin
of the same colour.

152. A. purus, Pers. (rose Agaric;) pileus between fleshy
and membranaceous obtuse purplish or rose-coloured, gills paler
rounded ventricose, stem even villous at the base. Fers. Syn.
p. 339. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 151. — A. roseus, Bull.t. 162,
507. Sow. t. 12. With. v. 4. p. 231 . Purt. v. 2 4* 3. n. 945.
& 3. p. 224. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 383 — A. piirpu:eus, With. v.
4. p. 222. — A. suhcmrideus, With. I. c.

Woods and mossy heaths. June— Nov. Very common.— Grega-
rious. Pileus ^—2 inches broad, subcarnose, obtuse, convex, at length
depressed, themargin thin, pellucid; sometimes marked with two
or three concentric grooves, amethyst or rose-coloured, soon changing
to a pale brown-purple, at last nearly white. Gills broad, adnate,
sometimes almost decurrent, at first whitish, then amethyst or rose,
then subrufescent; connected by veins ; margin uneven, ^^em often
twisted, more or less fibrillose, at length smooth, tough, hollow, the
cavity lined with white silky fibres, splitting easily upwards, the base
often strigose. — Sometimes the pileus from the first is pure white, also
occasionally brownish or yellowish. Always distinguishable by its
taste and odour like that of radishes.

153. A. Adonis, Bull, (beautifid various-coloured Agaric);
pileus obtuse even, gills white adnate, stem even smooth not
rooting. Bidl. t. 560. /. 2. Sow. t. 385./ 2, 3 ? Pers. Syn.
p. 391. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 152.

On the ground in woods. Rare. Kirriemuir, Scotland. Klotzsch,
in Hook. Herb.—'' Pileus 3—4 lines high and broad, campanulate,
rose-colouretl, white, yellowish or green. Gills not decurrent. Stein
2 inches or more high." Fr. I. c.

154. A. luteo-dlbus, Bolt, (yellow and white Agaric); pileus
umbonate striate yellow as well as the slender stem, gills
white adnate. Bolt. t. 38. /. 1. Pers. Syn. p. 383. Myc.
Eur. V. 3. p. 264. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 1. p. 152.

Amongst moss in fir plantations. Aug. — Sept. Common about
Halifax. Bolton. — " Pileus 3 — 4 lines high and broad, dry. Gills
subventricoae. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, filiform, subflexuous." Fr. I. c.

155. A. Idcteus, Pers. (milk-white Agaric); pileus subum-
bonate finely striate white with a tinge of yellow, gills fixed
or adnexed distinct white as well as the even rather rigid
stem. Pei'S. Syn. p. 394. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 267. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. I. p. 152. Fl. Dan. t. 1845./. 1.— A 7ianus, Bull. t.
260, 563./ 3. — A. ochraceus, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. S. p. 264.

Amongst moss at the roots of trees, or amongst small sticks and
leaves. Oct. — Dec. Probably not uncommon. Margate, Canterbury.
Beeston, Notts.; Woodnewton, Norths. Bcv. 31. J. Berkeley. —
Pileus 3 — 6 lines broad, conico-campanulate, at_ length expanded,
minutely umbonate, white with a pale ochraceous tinge, when dry pure
white ; Jlesh thin, margin transparent more or less striate and cren-

Affaricus.]

FUNGI. 61

ulate. GUIs white, slightly vcntricose, adnate or adnexed, in which
latter case when young they are quite free : connected by veins. Stejn
1 — 2 inches high, |- a line thick, sometimes rooting, pulverulent above,
pulverulento-fibrillose below, with a little down at the base not brittle.

— My specimens come very near to Bulliard's figures, and though the
gills vary much in the degree of adherence, 1 can see no well-marked
variety. The stem is always more or less pulverulent.

* 7. Stemjuiceless, not rooting but adhering by an orbicular dish.

156. A. stf/Idhates, Pers. (disk-stemmed Agaric); tender,
pileus obtuse striate subpilose, gills free distinct, stem adherinj^
by an orbicular striate membrane. Pers. Syn. p. 890. t. 5.

/. 4. Ditm. in Sturnis Deutsch. Fl. t. 29. Nees. Syst. f. 189.
'{copied from Ditm.) Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 153. Fl. Dan.
t. 'iO'Ib.f. 3. {not very good.)

On Fern, sticks, leaves, Szc. Probably not uncommon. Yarwell,
Norths. Aug. Rev. M. J. Berlieley. — Pure white. FUeus 2 lines or
more broad, campanulate or hemisjihairicul, sometimes broadly and
obtusely umbonate, striate, with a round mark (in thinner specimens)
in the centre caused by the insertion of the stem, minutely pilose,
not granulose. Gi//s unequal, rounded, free. Stem 1 — 2 inches liigh,
^ a line thick, rather thicker at the base, flcxuous, fistulose, downy or
minutely pilose, though sonietimes, as the pileus becomes quite smooth,
fragile, adhering by a broad, membranous, tomentose.radiato-striate disk.

157. A.tentrrimus, Berk, (smallest disk-rooted Agaric); pilous
hemisphaM-icai snbplicate frosted with minute granules, gills
free ventricose, stem pilose adhering by a minute disk which is
not striate.

On cones of the Scotch fir, sticks, &c. Aug. — Dec. Probably not
uncommon. Oundle, Norths. iMargate. Ilev. 31. J. Ber/u/ct/ —
Gregarious, pure white. Pileus 1 — 1^ line broad, very delicate, temler
and easily injured, not pilose but frosted with minute granules. Gills
distant, unequal. Sjxirulcs white, round. Stem 1 inch high, scarce
^^ of a line thick, flexuous, fistulose, adhering by a miimte j)ubescent
disk, which is not the least striate. — A very minute but distinct species,
and as far as I can discover undescribcil, except it be A. chivuldris,
Batsc/i, Cont. l.f. 81, which is considered by Fries as A. Cortirola.
The figure is a tolerably correct representation of it, even to the i\\>k.
It is however described as light blue, aiul though the stem is stateii lo
be subsericeous, nothing is said about the granules on the pileus or the
free gills.

158. A. pilipes, Sow. (hairy-stemmed parasitic Agaric);
c.nespitose brown, j)ilens obtuse eve)i smooth, gills free close,
stem rather thick hairy. Sow. t. ii49. Fr. Syst. Nye, v. 1.
;;. 154.

Pit, us F) ^ lines high and broad, subcarnose, obtuse. Gills ascend-
ing. Stiin i! inches high, hairy, the same colour as the pileus, fistulose.

— A very obscure species figured by Sowerl>y Irom specimens preserveil
in Hungary water, and tlierefore no great dcpendance can be placed
upon the colour. It certainly has no affuiily Nvith the species with
^^hlch Fries lias associated it', but as 1 have no fresh light to throw

62 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

upon the subject, it would be useless to remove it to any other equally
uncertain neighbourhood.

* 8, Pileus and stem viscid.

159. A. epipterygius, Scop, (^yelloiu fern Agaric); pileus
obtuse striate viscid as well as the elongated yellow stem, gills
uncinate. Scop. FL Cam. n. 15G5. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p.
155. Pers. Myc. Eur. v, 3. jj. 2Q3.—A. plicatus, Schceff. t.
^\.-—A. flavijjes, With. v. 4. ;:>. 249. Purt. n. U73.— A
nutans, Sow. t. 92.

On fern-stems, leaves, sticks, &c., in v/oods. Aug. — Nov. Common.
— Pileus an inch or more broad and high, obtuse, sometimes umbilicate,
cinereous-yellow, but also occasionally, according to Fries, white, bkiish
or rufous, submeuibranaceous, the margin striate and toothed ; epider-
mis viscid ; when moist easily tearing otf. Gills arcuato-adnate, subde-
current, partaking of the colour of the pileus. Stem 3 — 4 inches high,
about 1 line thick, full yellow, viscid, smooth, tomentose at the base.

* 9. Dry: j^Heics more or -less depressed ; gills decurrent.

160. A, caniptophyllus. Berk, {elhow-gilled Agaric); pileus
dark-brown, margin deeply striate grey, gills distant wliite
ascending then suddenly decurrent, stem minutely pubescent,
the base radiato-strigose.

On sticks, &c. Aug. — Oct. Margate. — Solitary or only subgre-
garious. Pileus h an inch broad, dry, convex, obtuse, subhemisphaerical,
smooth. Gills rather distant, at first adnate, nearly plane, then ascend-
ing and suddenly decurrent, though, as far as I have observed, there is
no absolute depression but only a flattening of the centre of the pileus.
Stem 2 inches or more high, not a line thick, subflexuous, somewhat
rigid, minutely fistulose with a few white fibres ; under a lens minutely
but beautifully pubescent, the base radiato-strigose ; at first yellow,
when full-grown pale above, pale rufescent below. — This species does
not agree with any described by Fries. Of those with which its affinity
is evident, 47 — 51 have the gills more or less coloured, 52 has a white
stem and a variegated campanulate pileus, 53 has a pubescent pileus,
and 54 has evidently a very difierent habit. It seems to come the
nearest to the two last. There are besides four supposed species
described in a note, but neither does it seem identical with any of
these.

161. A. corticola, Bull, (bai^k Agaric); small, pileus thin
hemisphserical then umbilicate striate, gills uncinato-decurrent,
stem minutely pulverulent short incurved. Pers. Syn. p. 394.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. j^- 159.— v4. corticalis, Ball. t.5l9.f. 1.
Sow. t. 243. Purt. V. 3. 7i. 1457. — A. horizontalis, Sow. t,
341.

Trunks of trees, dead bark, &c. Oct. and during the whole v>'inter.
Common. — Gregarious. Pileus I — 3 lines broad, hemisphcerical, in
general obtuse, but sometimes slightly papillose, rarely umbilicate;
umber, white, cinereous, lilac and according to Fries, flesh-coloured,
rufous, bluish, &c. ; Jiesh rather thick in proportion. Gills variously
adnato-uncinate or subdecurrent, partaking more or less of the colour

Agaricus.] ruNGi. 63

of the pileus. Sfon ^—1 inch high, incurved, minutely pulverulent,
stuffed and not truly fistulose, minutely strigose or tonieutosc al the
base. The whole plant dries up in fine weather, but revives with the
first shower. — The above description applies to four different states of
this species, which is very variable. I always find the stem pulverulent
when accurately examined. A. corticalis, Sow., Fries susj)ects in his
Ind. A/jJi. to be A. supinus; though that has the gills nearly free;
but I think it is clearly the same species as Bulliard's. Sommerfelt
quotes it under his A. corticulu.

162. A. /lonzoTitalis, Bull, (horizontal Agaric); small, pileus
unequal convex reddish-brown, gills adnexed, stem short
incurved. J3ulL t. 324. With. v. 4. ;j>. 205. >SW. ^. 341.
Purl. V. 2. n. 937. Pcrs. Myc. Eur. v. 3. /;. 16G.

Trunks of trees, especially pear, apple and elm. Oct. Not common.
Mettingham and elsewhere near Biu)gay. Wood/card. — Pileus ^ an
inch broad. Gills adncxed or nearly free. Stem ^ an inch long, 1 line
thick. — I have not met with this species, which appears to be very
nearly allied to A. rorlicohi, differing principally in its adnexeil gills.
The specimens in Sowerby's Herbarium (juitc confirm this notion as
far as his figure is concerned. The stem is probably not solid but
minutely stuffed.

1G3. A. jtmcicola^ Fr. (rush Agaric); delicate, pileus convex
striate bright rufous-tawny, gills distant whitish, stem brown
capillary. Fr. Sf/st. 3Ii/c. v. 1. p. 160. Pers. Myc. Eur,
V. S.p. 2\Z.—Fu)ujus S)C. Mich. p. 162. t. 80./. 9.

On grass and rushes in boggy ground. June — July. Hare. TJuge-
1 cy, Stallbrds. King's Cliffe, Norths. — Pileus 1 line broad, sometimes
at first minutely un\l)onate, at length expanded convex and slightly
de()ressed in the centre, distinctly and broadly striate, deep rich red
tawny, the umbo darker; sometimes the striie are paler, (tills (cw,
pale, yellowish- white, broad, adnate ; at length detached so as to form
a collar round the stem, but not very distinct. Stt/n I inch or rather
more iiigh, brown, paler at the to|), flcxuous, capillary, smooth. A
most elegant s[)ecies, well described l)y Micheli, analogous if not very
closely related to the species in the second division of " Collyhia,^' His
figure is smaller tiian my specimens.

164. A. jtfcrigoius, Fr. (rose-oolound fir Ji Agaric); delicate
rose-coloured, pileus campanulate even, gills br(»ad distant,
stem capillary with a strigose bulb. /V. .S'//.sy. Mjjc.w !. p.
HyO.—A.Jilir'iuus, Pcrs. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 243. t. 28./ G. (twC
A. rosdlusy ]Vith.)

y, stem lemon-coloured. On an oak leaf. Canterbury. Prv. M.J.
IhrhUii. — Pdcus 1 line broad, obtuse, smooth, of a delicate salnu)n-
colour; //r.s/t rather thick in proj)i)rti(Mi ; margin pellucid. (iHls
adnate with a decurrcnt tooth, more than 0 or 8. iS7<7/i 1 inch
high, pale lemon-colonreil, fistulose! with a minute strigose bulb ; its
hairs patent, not ai!j)ressed. Fries' reference to A. rosi/lits, \N ith,, is
certainly incorrect. It is but a variety of .1. laccnfus, as may be sieii
by rel'en iiii: to linlsth, f. •>!>. 1 have found only a single >peeiinen
and tiiat dillcring in having a Icuion-culourcd btcin, rather aiorc uumcruus

64 rUNGi. [Agarictis.

gills, and the plleus scarcely can.panulate ; but in this latter respect
Persoon's figures vary a little.

165. A. capilldris, Schum. (^Iiair Agaric); white, pileus at
first conic then campanulate dimpled very tender, gills adnate
distant, stem capillary subrufescent above. Schum. Fl. ScbU,
p. 268. Fr. Syst. Mgc.v. \.p. 160. FL Dan. t. 1670. Pers.
Myc. Eur. v. S. p. '27 \.— Fungus S^c. 3Iich. p. 166. t. 80./. 11.
Sc p. 146. t. 80.}: 10.

On beech leaves. Oct. Rare. Canterbury. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
— Pileus ^ — 1 line broad, at first conic, like the head of a very small
pin, grey, the margin rounded, the stem dark above and minutely pul-
verulent ; gradually the stem elongates extremely, becoming nuich finer ;
the pileus hemisphserical, delicate white, with a dimple in the centre-
Gills very few ; two or three only in general reaching the stem ; in
specimens 1 line broad regularly ascending, about 9, adnate, with two
or three intermediate ones. Stem flaccid extremely slender, very
minutely dilated at the base.

166. A. setosus, Sow. (^bristly pin-head Agaric); brownish,
pileus hemisphaerical smooth, gills distant, stem flexnous
extremely slender clothed with long patent distant hairs. Sow.
t 302. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. S. p. 276, (sub A. Hudsoni).

Beech leaves. Hare. Costessy, near Norwich. Sowerby. — Pileus
not -yV of an inch broad. Stein ^ an inch long, finer than a hair. —
Apparently nearly related to A. capillaris and very distinct from A.
Hudsoni.

167. A. integrellus, Pers. (minute uniform Agaric); white,
pileus hemisphaerical, margin striate, gills like wrinkles decur-
rent distant, stem hairy below. Pers. Ic. Sf 7)escr, t. 13. f. 5.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 161. — Fuiigi p)lures S^c. Raii Syn. Ed.
3. p. 10. i. ]. J. 2. a a. — A. Duboisii, Johns. Fl. Berw, v, 2. p.
180.

In shady places on the ground, leaves, wood, &c. Nov. Rare. —
*' Insipid, casspitose. Pileus 1 — l^ line broad at first hemisphaerical,
obtuse, at length rather plane, substance thin, pellucid. Gills narrow
arcuate, decurrent notwithstanding the form of the pileus, some branch-
ed, especially in younger specimens, with but few short ones. Stem
I inch high, fistulose, subpulverulent, villous at the base." Pers. I. c.

Subgenus 11. Omphalia ; (from o/xeaXog, an umbilicus).
Veil none. Stem stuffed, at length generally hollow, not bulbous,
Pileus membranaceous carnoso-membranaceous, or even carnoso
coriaceous a?id almost corky : when young, umbilicate, then
expanded or altogether infundibuliform^ the margin rejiexed or
patent. Gills adnate or decurrent, never only adnexed or free ;
tmequal, juiceless. Asci long. Sporules ivhite.

* Pileus submembranaceous. Gills decurrent.

168. A. stelldtus, Fr. (trumpet Agaric) ; white, pileus convex
smooth, gills tliin distant, stem adhering by a^convex radiated

Arjaricus.] FUNGI. 65

membrane. Fr. S^/st. Myc, v. i. p. 1G2.— y4. huccinaUs, Sotv.
t. 107. Pers. Myc. Eur, v, 3. ^?. 111. — 3Ierulius buccumlis,
With. V, 4. p, 144. Purt. v. 3. n. 1426.

Amongst gra.ss, on rotten wood, &c. Feb — Oct. ivare. Packing-
ton, Warw. WithcyiiKj. llagley. Purlon. — " (.iregarious. Pilcus 4
lines broad, striated. Gills thin (in which it differs from A. ericetorum).
Stem scarcely 1 inch high, stnffed, incurved, brittle." Fr. I. c.

169. A. Fibula, Bull, {small orange Agaric) ; rather delicate,
pilcus convex oran«5e-yelIoAV, gills whiter distant, stem dull
yellow. Bull, t, 1S6, 530./. J. >Sow. ^ 45. Purt. v. 3. n,
939. Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 384. Pers. Myc, Eur. v. 3. p. 67.-~A,
parvus, With. v. 4. p. 216. — y, — A. Swarlzii, Pers. I. c. p, Q)Q.

Amongst moss. Scj)t. — May. Common, «. & y. — Pilcus 1 — G lines
l)road, at first hcmisphairical, the margin inflexcd, then plane ; more or
less depressed, yellow or tawny with a dusky centre, obscurely striated,
the whole minutely pilose. Gills yellowish or white, distinct, not vcn-
tricosc, dccurrcnt. Spomlcs white, round. Stan 1 — U- inch high,
not a line thick, slender, yellow, or tawny with a violet-brown apex,
the whole minutely pilose like the pilcus and obsoletcly fibrillosc. I
find the pilcus both in u. & y. to be constantly minutely pilose. There
seems no doubt that the latter is but a variety, differing in no respect,
except in colour. Withering has an excellent description of it.

170. A. j)yxiddtus, Bull. (Imx-lilie Agaric) ; reddish-brown
pale when dry, pileiis infandibuliform, disk even, gills narrow,
stem firm. Bull. t. 568. /. 2. Nees, Syst.f. 192 (copied from
Btdl.) Fr. SysL Myc. v. 1. p. 164. Pers. Myc. Eur. r. 3.
p. 67. — A. suhhepaticus, Batsch, Cont, 2, f. 211. — A, Uirfosus,
.SW. <.210.

Turfy ground. Nov. licv. Mr, Francis, of Edgefield, Norfolk. —
" Pileus smooth, disk submembranaceous. Gills dccurrcnt, rather
distant, narrower tiian in any neighbouring species, dirty white, with
a rufescent tinge, then of tlie same colour as the pilcus. Stem when
young stullcd, then hollow, thickened at the base and there clothed
with whitish down, snbattenunle upwards." Fr. I. c. — Greatly varyini;
in size and coloin- : ilcsh-coloured, brick-red, dirt3-tawny, rufous, cVC.
A. tnrfosusy Sow. must be considered as a variety of this species,
differing from the state figiued by lUilliard, as the dwarf varieties of
A. innhcllifaus do from A. jjscuflu-aiidrosaccus, Bull,

171. A. murdlis, Sow. {wall Agaric) ; pileus convex umbili-
cate striate, gills broad pale, stem solid short thickish. Sow,
f. 322. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 165. Gnv. Fl. Ed. p. 381.
Pers. Myc, Eur. v, 3. j). 64.

On walls capped with mud or turf, and in i)nstures. Autumn.
Cotterstock, Norths. Ifcr. M. J. lirrluhif. About London and luhn-
burgh. — " (iregarious. Pilcus .', — I inch broad, convex, rediii.^h-brown,
striate, margin often turned np in age. (I'ill.s broad, ]>;ilc, whitish-
brown, tlistant, decurrent. S/rm |— ^ an inch iiigh, thicki^h, u.>u:illy
subincurved, i)ale brown, solid." Gnr. I. r,

172. A. nmhellifirus, L. {varivhk heath Agnriv); pilous

r

66 FUNGI. [Afjaricus.

depressed in the centre plane, margin turned down striate,
gills distant very broad behind white, stem short pubescent at
the base. Liim, Siiec. n. 1192. Fr. El, p. 22.— A. pseiido-
cmdrosacetts, Bull. t. 276. Part. v. 3. ii. 1432.—^. viilgusy
Holmsk. V. 2. t. 34.—^. ericetorum, Pers. Obs. 1. L 4./. 12.

Fr, Si/sf. Mijc. V. 1. p. 165. Grev. FL Ed. p, 384 3Ierulius

fuscus, With. V. 4. />. 144.

On the ground in sandy and heathy places. May— Nov. Rare.
Wixford, on the top of an old wall. Purton. Pentland Hills. GreviUe.
Kirriemuir. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.— 'Sahgregarious. " Pilctts
1 — 1 inch broad, depressed in the centre, margin deflexed and some-
times waved, striate, whitish, whitish-brown or yellow, (green, Fl.Dan.)y
darker when moist. Gills broad towards the stem, whitish, decurrcnt.
Stem \—\ inch high, about I line thick, whitish or yellowish, paler
below and pubescent." Grcv. I. c— Liable to great variation in colour
and in the length and firmness of the stem. The following varieties,
which do not accord with any in Fries, deserve notice : —

£. Amongst grass in the riding of a wood near Canterbury. Oct. 23,
1832. Rev. M. J. Berkelei/.— Grey. Pileus ^ an inch broad, turbinate,
imibilicate, more or less plane ; the margin obscurely striate, covered with
a minute, matted silkiness, almost membranaceous. Gills broad, de-
current, some forked. Stem 1 inch high, equal, subsericeous, some-
times curved, rather spongy, the base furnished v>'ith white down.

?. On a mud wall. Stibbington, Hunts. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.—
Brown, inclining to umber ; pileus \ of an inch or more broad, at first
minutely farinaceo-squamulose, striate, umbilicate; the margin at length
crenulate and less evidently striate ; the whole when dry paler. Gills
very distant and broad, some of them forked at the end ; the shorter
ones mere wrinkles. Sporides elliptic, white. Stem h an inch high,
not 1 line thick, thickest upwards ; when young very minutely squamu-
lose, at length smooth, solid. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. t. 28. /. 3. is a
very good representation of this, but 1 can find no reference to the
figure.

VI. Abundant in the Scottish Highlands, var. ?nonticola, Klotzsch,

Pileus 2 — 5 lines broad, yellow, or in more elevated regions, orange,

pale when dry, margin pHcate, subinvolute and crenulate. Gills paler,
sometimes connected by veins. Ste?n 2 — 5 lines high, ^ a line thick,
incurved, stuffed and pubescent at the base.

173. A, Campanella, Batsch, (bell Agaric); subca3spitose,
pileus convex umbilicate striate ferruginous, gills yellowish,
stem fistulose reddish-brown villous below. Bcdschy El. p. 74.
Pers, Syn. p. 469. Nees, St/st. f. 191 {copied from Schceff.)
^A.fragilis, Schceff. t. 230.

On pine trunks and on the ground. Scottish Highlands. Aug.
Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.—'' Pileus 3—7 lines broad, tough. Gills
connected by veins. Stem 2 inches long, rooting firm below." Fr. I. c.
— /3. badipus. Solitary or subcaespitose ; stem stuffed, thickened at the
base, clothed with ferruginous down. — A. caulicinalis, Soiv. t. 163 —
In plantations amongst leaves and fir-cones. Oct. Not common.
Mr. JTe//is^ef? of Newmarket. Winkbourn, Notts. Rev. M. J. Berkeley^
— Pileus 3 — 11 lines across, broadly campanulate, umbilicate, some-
times quite plane, of a beautiful yellow, inclining to ferruginous, edge

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 07

slightly silky. GUIs yellow, arcuato-subdecurrcnt, beautifully ronucctcd
by veins. Stem ] — 2 inches high, ^ — 1 line thick, scarcely fistulosc,
yellow above then rufescent, clothed with little yellow scales, thickest
below and there covered .with a dense, tawny tomcntum. — A beaulilul
S])ecics, resembling A. stipiUirins and A.fcvttdas.

174. A, spliugnicoUi, Berk. (/?«/e fumicl-shaped Agaric);
rather elastic, pileus iiifuiidibulifbrm, gills narrow dirty
ocLraceous, stem fistulose.

On Sph(((jnum acutifuUum, adhering by its do\vny base. June 21,
1827. Chartley Moss, Staffs. — Whole plant tough and elastic. Odour
scarcely any. Pileus 1 — \}j inch broad, funnel-shaped from a very early
stage of growth, faintly striate and minutely squamulose, dirty ochra-
ceous, becoming darker in age : moist but not viscid. Gills pale,
decurrcnt, narrow, moderately distant, thick so as to present in front a
flat edge. Sporuks white. Stem 1 — 2 inches long, 1 line thick, hol-
low, somewhat crooked, smooth, except at first when it is very minutely
squamulose above : in age it is nearly pervious above. — This species
agrees in many points with A. epichysium, var. icmudophila ; but its
tough and elastic nature is so different, that I cannot but consider it
as distinct. The pileus is not membranaceous even on the edge, which
must separate it from A. pjjxidatus.

** Pileus carnoso-memhrayiaceous. Gills adnate.

175. A. frdgrajis,So\v, (anise- scented Agaric) ; stronp^-scented,
pilous nearly plane dirty-white white when dry, gills distinct
white as well as tlie hollow attenuated stem. Soic. t. 10. With.
V. 4. p. 154. Pers. Syn. p. 455. Pr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 171.
Grev. PL Ed. p, 384. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 107. L 27. f. 5.

Woods and mossy pastures. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon. Cla-
verton Downs, near Bath. Major Velley. Edgbaston. Wd/n/t/iii.
Scotland. GreviUe. Cottcrstock, King's Cliflb, Norths. Tlcv. M. J.
Bcrhehy. — Pileus I — 2 inches broad, convex, then plano-convex, mi-
nutely dimpled, dirty white, very rarely slightly zoned, when dry nearly
white; margin thin and transparent, turned in when young and minutely
tomentosc. Gills very broad, decurrcnt, distinct, not pure white.
Sf(m 2 — 3 inches high, 2 — 3 lines thick, attenuated upwards, minutely
fibrillosc, villous at the base, sometimes pruinose above. Odour very
agreeable like that of aniseed.

17G. A. mctachrous, Fr. {changcahle-colotircd Agaric) ;
inodorous, gills close dirty-white, stem at length hollow equal
pruinose above. Pr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 172. — A. cyathiformis^
Bull. t. 248. Purt. v. 3. n. 1429.

In woods. Oct. Canterbury. Ih >\ M. J. Berkeley. — Subciespitosc.
rUiUS 1 — 2 inches broad ; in its very earliest stauc of growth conic,
gradually depressed, but in general not deeply infundibuliform, almost
nicmbranaceons ; wlicn moist livid-groy, margin which is slightly turned
in pellucid, when dry nearly white. Gills of the same colour as tlu;
pileus adnate scarcely decurrcnt, not ventricose, not turning pair so
fast as the pileus, often sei)arating from the stem at the base. S(t m
3 inches or more high, at length hollow, the outer Mesh livid, inner
white, downy at the base, minutely fibrUlu:JC above under the Icus,

68 rUNGi. [Agaricus.

apex pulverulent. Sometimes the pileus is irregular and the stem
compressed. Taste like that of A. Oreacks. — My specimens accord
well with Bulliard's figure, and appear really distinct from A. cyathi-
formis. It must, however, be considered as a variety of Fries' species :
"indeed his description scarcely accords with the figiu'e, but he states it
to be most variable.

177. A. cyatliiformis, Bull. Qate cap-shaped Agaric) ; pileus
subcarnose infundibuliform even smootli blackish-umber, margin
reflexed, gills distant cinereous, stem elastic attenuated upwards.
Bull. t. 575, 568./. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc.v. l.;^. 173. Grev. Fl.
Ed. p. 385.—^. sordidus, Dicks. Crypt, p. 16. t. 3./. 1. Bolt.
t. 59. Sow. t. 363. With. v. 4. /;. 186. Purt. v. 3. n. 1444,
S^ V. 2 S)^ 3 n. 940 (^A. 2imbilicatics.) — A. tardus, Pers. 3Iyc.
Eur. V. 3.7?. 80.—^. cyafhoides, Bolt. t. 145.

Pastures and woods. Oct. — Jan. Extremely common. — Pileus 2^
inches or more broad, subcarnose, more or less infundibuliform, the
margin often wavy involute and minutely downy, dark blackish-umber
with a shade of red, of a moist unctuous appearance but not the least
viscid ; pellucid when moist, nearly white when dry. Gills rather
distant, of the same colour, apparently (but not truly) decurrent on
account of the form of the pileus ; adnate when young. Stem 2 — 3^
inches long, -^ an inch thick at the base, subfibrillose, at length hollow,
tough, elastic. — A small variety occurs not one inch broad, agreeing in
colour ; but the gills are almost ventricose and more distant, the stem
more nearly equal, the margin more crisped. Both when young are
convex and not truly umbilicate ; in the true form there is a minute
umbo. The gills are not then the least decurrent. In A. cyatJiiforniis
the gills are subasccnding, rounded behind ; in the variety subventricose
horizontal and adnate with a tooth ; in the one of a cinereous, in the
other of an umber tint.

*** Pileus carnosO'Coriaceous, somewhat corhj, tough and pliant.
Gills decurrent.*

178. A. Dundlii, Dec. {DunaVs Agaric); pileus unequal
dirty-white adorned with blackish scales, gills unequal white,
stem equal squamulose at the base. Dec. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 47.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1./;. 177.

On the root of a large ash tree overhanging a pond by the water-side
at Cranbournc, Dors., immediately below Lord Salisbury's old house.
June 14, 1826. On a willow by the Trent. Aug. 1834^.— Csespitose.
FUcus 2 inches broad, more or less unequal, carnoso-coriaceous, um-
bilicate, the margin deflcxed, sometimes variously split and sinuated,
yellow-white with brownish rather close scales, the margin nearly
smooth. Gills dichotomous, crenatc, sinuated, covered with minute
spiculae, subdecurrent. Stem 1 inch high, 3 lines thick, tough, the
lower j)art clothed with dark nearly square adpressed scales ; the upper
half not scaly, white, resembling the under-side of white kid-leather.
Odour subacid, farinaceous.

* Fries has formed anew genus of this division under the name oi Lentinvs ;
but I am not quite convinced of the propriety of doing so, tliere heinsc throui^^h
A. cochleatus a regular gradation of increasing closeness in the flesh of the
pileus. Some of tUo ncvt subgenus have almost the same substance.

Arjaricus.] FUNGI. 69

179. A, iigrinus, Bull. ( Tiger Agaric) ; pileus regular umbili-
cate dirty-whlto, scales pilose blackish, gills white denticulate,
stem slender minutely scaly. Bull, t. 70. Soiv. t, G8. With.
V. 4. p. 152. Pers. Syn. p. 458.

Trunks of trees, especially elm and ash. May — Sept. Hare. Bird-
brook, Essex. 2\ Walfurd, Esq., on ash. Powick, near Worcester.
Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stachhouse. Packington Park, amongst
moss. Withcriiuj. — " Filciis 2 inches broad, thin, margin at length
split. Stem 1 — 2 inches long, dirty-white." Fr. L c. '* When fresh
very tender and easily lacerated, when dry coriaceous and the stem of
a very firm and solid texture." Sow. I. c.

ISO. A. lepideiis, Fr. (decorticated Agaric) ; pileus compact
unequal dilute ochraceous with a few obscure spotty scales,
stem stout scaly, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 176. — A, sqicamosuSy
ScJujeff. t. 29, 30. Dicks. Crypt. 2. p. 24.

b. monstrosus. A. tiibcrformis, Schceff. t. 248, 249. Sow.
t. 382. With, V. 4. ;;. 167. Fticus, Fl. Dan, t. AOo.-^Clavaria
lignosa, Dicks, 4. t. 12./. 9.

On pine trunks. May — June. Kare. — Pileus 2 — 4 inclies broad,
convex or dej)resscd, central or lateral. Stem short, hard. '' Very
tender wlicn fresh." — Monstrous forms occur in dark situations with
or without a pileus, exactly analagous to certain states of Polypvrus
sfjuamosus.

181. A. cochlcutuSi Pers. (cor niccopia Agaric') ; ctespitose, pileus
tough lobed twisted smooth rufesceut, gills pale toothed, stem
lirm sulcate rufesceut. Pers. Syii. ^j. 450. Myc. Eur. p. b\.
Necs, Syst.f, 173. (copied from Bolt.) Fr. Syst. Myc. v. ]). 178.
— A. cornucopioidcs, Dolt. t. 8. Purt. v. 3. 7i. 437. t. 12 / — A
coiijiuciis, Sow. t. 168. — 3feruliits cor7incopioides, With. v. 4.
p. 146.

Old trunks of trees, Aug. — Oct. Rare. Near Halifax. Bolton.
Ragley. Mrs. Rnj]\ir(l. Inverary. Klotzsch, in Hooh. lIcriK On beech.
King's Clifle, Nortlis. On Tilia parvifolid. — Very nuich tufted,
fc^everal stuns are confluent in such a way as to nuike it doubtful whether
the several jtilci arc really distinct, or only lobes of one large one,
the circle of gills being always incomi)lete o\\ the side of tlie common
centre, the whole forming a lobcd lunnel with dtllected edges. The
surface is rough with j)rominent minute ribs or i)rickles, (as eNpresseil
in Swwerby's figure), pale rufesceut, often powdered with tiie N\hite
.spcrules, 1 — 1 ^i inch broad. Sometimes the surface is more even, but
Ktill somewhat sc ulptured so as to be rough with raised lines. Stem
compound strongly ribbed ami sulcate, tlie ribs being continuations of
tile serrated paler decurrent gills. At first the pileus and gills arc
tender ; stem firm and leathery. Odour agreeable. — There is a great
resemblance between this species and A. vnljtinus, Now. ; the principal
difference consisting in the one being absolutely without a .stem ami
horizontal, and the other being decidedly stijjitate ami more or less
erect.

Subgenus 12. Pi,i:inoiM;s ; (Worn -rXij^ov, a sit/e, afn/ too;, a
J Dot.) Pileus u/U(/ual, ej.ct/ilric or lateral. Stan u/un present

70 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

solid mid firm. Gills unequaljjuiceless^ unchangeahle, actcte behind.
Growing on trees or wood,

* Veil universal ; pileus compact horizontal,

182. A. dryinus, Pers. (oali Agaric)-; solitary hard, pileus
oblique nearly smooth dirty-white with brownish scales, veil
fugacious, Pers. Syn. p. 478. 3Iyc. Eur. v, 3. p. 40. Nees,
Sjjst. t. 177. (copied from Schoeff.) Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 181.
Fl. Dan. t. 1616.—^. dimidiaiiis. Schceff. t. 233. With, v, 4.
2?. 285.

On trees, Oct. Rare. — On ash. Ditchingham. 3Ir. Woodward.
Biggin. Norths, llev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus ^ — 3 inches broad,
excentric, white, the surface broken into light-brown adpressed scales ;
the margin involute, with fragments of the broad woven veil adhering
to it ; flesh continued into the stem. Gills white, not very broad,
decurrent, forked, crisp. Sporides white. Stem 3 inches high (in my
specimen elongated from growing in a hollow ash), attenuated down-
wards, firm, almost woody, tomentose but not scaly, l^aste like that
of A. campestris. The plant assumes partially a yellowish tint when
dry or cut. Fl. Dan. t. 1616, is quoted by Fries under A. ostreatusj
but it seems to me to be the true A. dryiims.

** Veil none. Pileus car nose. Gills decurrent.

' 183. A. incSnstans, Pers. (i?iconstant Agaric); pileus tough
depressed subentire flexuous subrufescent, gills rather branched
at the base crisp pale, stem short. Pers. Syn. p. 475.

3Iyc. Eur. v. 3. ;:>. 45. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 1. ;j>. 181 A.

dimidiatus, Bull. t. 517. O. — A. JlabelliformiSy Schceff, t. 43,
44. — A. conchatus, var. Purt. v. 3. jl>. 429.

Trunks of trees ; chiefly beech. Margate, on Elm. Aug. — Oct.
Beeston. Notts. On Fir. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — *' Cjespitose. Pileus
4 inches broad, minutely tomentose or sericeo-squamulose when young,
and when older minutely mottled ; imbricated, irregular, at first quite
round and flat but soon depressed, deeply umbilicate, varying from
ochraceous to pale fawn with shades of cinnamon, and not black or
blackish from the very first, though occasionally when older there is a
slight cinereous tinge, shining like kid leather, wrinkled when old, fleshy,
llesh white rather tough but easily splitting ; edge thin subinvolute. Gills
very decurrent, white, at length pallid, very unequal, anastomosing at
the base and forming subrhomboidal reticulations ; when dry, crisp and
rigid. Asci cylindrical ; sjwrules round, white. Stem very short, at
first central, at length excentric or quite lateral, many frequently grafted
together, tough, almost corky at the base, substance not at all fibrous ;
downy below, the rest smooth; or the whole downy; sometimes
obsolete. Smell rather disagreeable and pungent when old. Ta€te
like that of Pohjporus squamosus. When growing on a horizontal
surface the pileus is quite regular and deeply depressed.

My specimens agree exactly with Bulliard's fi.gure quoted above,
which has no fuliginous shade on the stem, nor indeed is there any in
those of Schoeffer ; and on the faith of this synonyme I consider them
to belong to A. inconstans, notwithstanding this point of difference.
Persoon does not, however, admit the dark colour of the stem into his

Agarkus.] fungi. 71

specific character; and, Fries never having seen the plant, I have
followed Persoon. The description above given \\\\\ at least enable
any one to recognise the fungus I have in view. I have not admitted
A. orcellas into the British list, though referred to by Purton for A.
suhcanthareUuSi v. 3. n. 1431 ; his whole description showing that he
refers to some state of CanihareUus aurantiacus, of which the dicho-
tomous gills and blackish stem are quite characteristic.

184. A. conchcihiSy Bull, {shell-like Agaric); pilous tough
irregular flesh-colour inclining to cinnamon, gills quite entire
pale, as well as the short irregular stem whose base is pubescent.
Ball. t. 298. With. v. 4. ;a 20,3. Purt. v. 2. c^J- 3. n. 972.
Fr. Syst.Myc.v. I. p. 183.

On trunks of dead trees. July — Sept. Edgbaston. Withering.-^
*' Pilcus flaccid, even ; gills not anastomosing at the base, rather thick
not close. Stem not 1 inch high, sometimes obsolete." Fr. I. c.

185. A. glandiilosus, Bull, (glandular-gilled Agaric) ; csespi-
tose, pilous compact sublateral dilute bay, gills glandulaiMvhite,
stem smooth. Bidl. t. 426. Ptrs. Sijn. p. 476. With. v. 4.
;;. 264. Pdh. Fl. Cant. Ed. 3. ;j. 542.

Trunks of trees. Sept.— Oct. TJare. Babraham. Rdhan. — '' Pileus
18 inches or more across ; thick, fleshy ; Jlcsh white, rather soft,
compact, sometimes lobed, even. Gills broad, anastomosing at the
base." liil/i. Fr. I. c. The glands are described as velvety ; 1 strongly
suspect that this circumstance is not however by itself conclusive as to the
propriety of considering the present a distinct species ; similar downy
nodules often occurring on other Agarics ; I have seen them here and
there in A. oslreatas, and suspect that they arise from the sporules
being drawn together into little heaps in consequence of small globules
of water collecting on the gills, and when the moisture is dried up,
afl'ording a nidus for the development of some small mucedinous
parasite, or of delicate downy matter from the parent plant.

186. A. ostrcdtusj Jacq. (o7/ster Agaric) ; crespitoso, pilous
fleshy smooth blaekisli then cinereous at length paler, gills
anastomosing behind not glandular white, stem sublateral,
Jacq. Aust. t. 288 (fide Fries.) Curt. Lo7id. <. 216. Sou\ t.2A\.
Pcrs. Syn, p. 477. With. v. 4. p. 264. Tratt. Essh. Schw.
t. O. Pure. V. 2 cS' 3. ?i. 971. Fr. Sf/st. Myc. v. 1. p. 182.
Gret\ Fl. Ed. p. 396.—^. dimidiatus, Pull. t. 508.— /i.
nigricans^ Trait. Fiing. Aust. t. 20./ 40.

On trunks of trees, as Apple, Laburnum, &c. Autumn — Spring.
Not uncommon. — Imbricated, large. Pilcus subdimidiatc, very thick
and fleshy ; Jhsh white, dusky towards the surface, 1 inch deep ; the
holder at first fibrillosc or even decidedly s(juamnlosc, margin involute ;
as the pilcus cxjiands the white fibrilhe vani>h and the colour changes
from dusky to bistre; margin paler and riiiinlose, the whole surface
shining and satiny when dry, soft aud ehunniy when moist; towartis the
base in age there is a little white down, iidls broad, iicre and there
forked, anastomosing at the base, dirty-white, the edge serrated um-
ber.— In large specimens there is often a distinct stem, clothed with
a dense short white ilown, which runs up between the gills. When

72 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

dry, the plleus becomes pallid or yellowish. Taste and odoio- like tha
of A. pcrsonatus, which it resembles somewhat in colour. Siem
strigose at the base, according to Fries.

187. A. salignus, Pers. (ivillow Agaric) ; gregarious, pileus
dilated, base depressed substrigose, gills dirty-white somewhat
branched, stem tough clothed with white down. Pers. St/n,
p, 478. Tratt. Fang. Aiist. f. 4. /. 8. Fr. SysL Myc. v, 1.
0). 183.

On trunks of trees. Oct. — Jan. Dugaldstone, (on Alder.) Klotzschy
in Hook. Herb. — " Pileus convex, 4 — 6 inches broad. Ste?n excentric
or lateral, sometimes obsolete. Fuliginous, white or ochraceous,
according to its stage of growth." Fr. I. c.

188. A. pefaloides, Bull, (petal-like Agaric) ; ascending,
pileus spathulate dirty-white with a fuscous tinge, disk and
stem somewhat downy, gills close linear white. Bull. t. 220,
557, f, 2. Fr. SgsL Myc. v. 1. p. 183.— (3. spathuldtus, Pers.
Syn. p. 479. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 32. Purt. v. 3. p. 430.—
A. planus, Purt. v. 2. n. 974.

/3. on the ground amongst grass. Autum.n. Rare. — " Gills whitish,
tender, decurrent; stetn'A'At, often channelled, nearly erect j solitary,
stem about an inch long, erect." Part. I. c. ^' MSS.

189. A. porrigens, Pers. (ciscending ear-shaped Agaric) ;
white, pileus ascending sessile ear-shaped nearly smooth, gills
narrow linear quite entire. Pers, Syn. p. 480. Pers. Myc,
Eur. V, 3. ;j>. 21. Fr, Syst. Myc. v, 1. p. 184.

Old pine trunks. Aug. Inverary. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. —
" Imbricated, various in size, subflaccid, the base stretching forward,
often tomentose, very rarely stipitate. Pileus even, margin thin,
inflexed, lobed in large specimens. Gills, when young, vein-like,
somewhat divided." Fr. I. c. A very distinct species, allied to A.
petaloides. Gills only h a line broad in the Scotch specimens.

190. A. fiahellifor'inis, Bolt, (fan-shaped Agaric); pileus
nearly plane smooth fawn-coloured, margin and gills crenate,
stem short or none. Bolt. t. 157. Pers, Syn. p. 479. 3Iyc.
Eur. v» 3. ^j>. 23. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 185. — A. reniformisj

With. V. A. p. 267. Purt. v. 2 Ss 3. n. 977.

Trunks of trees. Fel). Mixenden Mill, near Halifax, Bolton. —
Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad. Gills rather broad.

^ 191. A. vtdpinus, Sow. (fox-coloured Agaric) ; pileus fleshy
sessile reddish-buff carnose subspathulate, epidermis thick
cartilaginous echinulate. Soiv. t. 361. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 273.

On rotten Elms. Hare. Margate. Pcv.M. J. Berkeley. --CvQii\n{osey
imbricated. Pdeus 1 — 2 inches long, ascending, obovato-spathulate ;
margin involute, fleshy, tough ; the outer surface cartilaginous, longi-
tudinally lacunose and echfnulate, reddish-buff, hoary with the round
white (!) sporules; and within the white flesh is a line of the same
substance parallel with the smface. Gills pale, more or less notched

Ayaricus.

rUNGi. 73

and sinuate, broad, not forked. Stem obsolete. Smell very strong
and overpowering, somewhat resembling i\\-d.t o^ Mentha arvcnsis. — I
liave not the least doubt that this fungus, though not quite so dark or
fleshy, is the true A. vulpiims of Sowerby. Fries (who pronounces it in
his Ltd. Alph. to be A. nidalans, Pers.) places it in the tribe CrejndotKs.
The sporules, however, are white and so copious that the pileus is quite
hoary with them, an appearance which is represented in Sowcrby's
figure. There is the strongest afiinity between this species and A.
coclileatus ; the smell though somewhat similar, has a mouldy odour
in addition, uhich makes it disagreeable.

*** Veil nojie. Pileus carnose, horizontal when young. Gills
72 ot truly decurrent.

J92. A. idmdrius, Bull, {elm Agaric); pileus compact smooth
pallid, gills emarginate white, stem stout ascending subtomeii-
tose. Bull. t. 510. Sow. t. G7. Pers. Syyi. p. 473. 3Ii/c.
Eur, V. 3. p. 48. Purt. v. 3. n. 1445. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p.
18G. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. Sd5.

Trunks of trees, especially elm. Sept.— Dec. Rare. Carlowric,
near Edinburgh. Greville.—'' Pileus 3—12 inches broad, obtuse,
smooth, subco'riaceous, but within very white, soft yet compact, thick,
sometimes marbled with livid spots. Gills numerous, broad, white,
adnate or subdecurrent, irregular. Stem exccntric, ascending, '2—3
inches long, about 1 inch thick, solid, firm, incrassated at the base,
white, sometimes furfnraccous, single or in tufts, varying a good deal in
its texture." Grev. L c.

193. A.palmdtus, Bull, (excentric gelatinous Agaric) ; pileus
smooth reddish, epidermis wrinkled and gelatinous, gills adnate
of the same colour, stem excentric smooth wliite. Bull. t. 21G.
Soiv. t. 02. With. V. 4. j), 266. Pers. Syn. p. 474. Purt. v.
2 S^ 3. n. 973. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 187.—^. fa:tiduSy
With. V. 4. p. 268.

Trunks of trees, s(juared Limber, c^c. Oct. — Nov. Not uncommon.
Pophills. Mr. Ruyhrd. Oversley. Piirton. Margate. Jhr. 3L J.
Berkeley. — Pdeus' 2 — 4 inches broad, excentric, at first convex, the
margin involute, then more expanded. Ejddcrmis thick, tough, elastic,
gluey but not moist, so that several individuals are frojucntly 'AucA
together, not easily separable from the flcbh, dibtilling dro[)s of a limpid
rcddi.^h iluid with "a hot and astringent styptic taste, tiic margin beauti-
fully reticidatcd like the llymcniuni of a Mcrulius, of a beautiful pale
oraiige-bufl" or nankin colour, pruinosc, very fleshy, the flesh motllcil
somewhat like that of /■isffdi/ift h< patten, (itlls jjaler, rounded behind,
connected by veins, free, joined together at the base by an obsolete
collar so as not to touch the stem. Stem 1—2 inches high, \ an inch
thick, oblique, thickest below, smooth, whitish, of a fibrous structure,
sometimes a little iiollow. In old specimens the veins on the |)ilens
are occasionally obsolete in consc(jnencc of the stretching of the epi<ler-
n»is. A most beautifid and distinct species.

194. A. stfipticus, Bull, {styptic Agaric-); pileus bi'tweeu
coriaceous and llesiiy kidiiey-sliaped, epidermis furf'uraeeous,
gills conueeted by veins, stem lateral ]>ruino>e. Ball. t. 140.

74 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

557. f. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc.v. l.j»?. 188. Klotzsch, Fang, Germ.exs,
n. 17. — A. semipeliolatiis, Schceff. t, 208 — A. hetidinus, Bolt. t.
12. f. l.^A. flahelliformis, Soiv. L 109. With. v. 4. p. 266.
Purt. V. 2 4- 3. n. 975.—^. ficoides, With, v, 4. 267. Picrt.
I. c. n. 976.

Oil stumps. Oct.— April. Very common.— Gregarious or casspi-
tose. Pileus 1 — 1^ inch broad, semiorbicular, the margin entire or
lobcd, surface nearly even, pruinose or furfuraceous, often zoned,
varying in depth of colour, margin involute. GUIs often branched,
beautifully connected by veins, pale cinnamon. Stem about \ of an
inch high, ascending, dilated above, pruinose.

195. A. mitis, Pers. (larch Agaric); pileus subcaniose smootli
even dry, gills adnate close distinct white as well as tlie stem
which is lateral squamiilose and dilated upwards. Pers. Syn.p.
481. 3Iyc. Eur. p. 43. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 188.

On larch. Oct. Scotland. Klotzsch, in Hooli. Herb.—'' Pileus
i an inch broad, at length almost sessile. Gills distinct from the
horizontal stem, very close, linear-lanceolate, pallid-whitish." Fr. I. c.
Firm, tasteless, white or rufescent. In a young state it is spathulate,
and the stem quite distinct, resembling some states o^ A. stj/pticus ;
the pileus gradually dilates, the stem becomes obsolete, and the pileus
reniform, the outer margins meeting, and the one overlapping the
other.

***# Ycil none. Pileus carnose, tvhen young resupinate. Gills
meeting together at an excentric j^oint.

196. A. mastrucdtus^ Fr. {furred Agaric); pileus carnose
rough mouse-grey, the upper layer of the flesh gelatinous, gills
greyish- wliite. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 190. — A. echinatus,
Soiv. t. 99.

On trunks of trees, rare. Norwich. Mr. Pitcliford. Greenwich,

(on maple.) Sowerbij Subimbricate. Substance elastic, gelatinous.

''Pileus 1—4 inches broad, lobed in large specimens, flaccid, rough with
hairs and rigid points intermixed. Gills radiating from a downy knob."
Fr. ^' Sow. I. c.

%%%%* Fee'/ 7ione. Pileus memhrmaceoics. Gills adnate or
meeting together at an excentric poi?it.

197. A.tremidusy Schceff. (delicate grey Aguric) ; grey, pileus
kidney-shaped diaphanous, gills linear, stem marginal ascending
villous. Schceff: t. 224. Soiv. t. 242. Purt. v. 3. w. 1479.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 191. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. I. p. 30.— A
glaucus, Batsch, Cont. \. f. 123. — A. planus, Bolt. t. 72. f. 3.

With. V. 4. p. 266.

On the ground, on moss, &c. Aug Dec. Rare. — Sent to Sowcrby

by Mr. Abbott of Bedford, parasitic upon Thelephora caryophyllcea.
Malvern Hills, Purton. Highlands of Scotland. Dr. Hoolicr. —
*' Pileus \ — I of an inch broad, turning pale ; sometimes sessile, the
base villous. Gills distinct, distant." Fr. I. c.

198. A. sqHicus, Fr, (small shell Agaric) ; white, pileus

Arjaricus.] FUNGI. 75

resupinate then reflGxed even pubescent, gills radiating, stem
slender incurved pubescent, with byssoid radicles. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. \. p. 192. Fers. Myc, Eur, v. 3. p, 29. — A. puhescens,
Soio, #.321.

On rotten trunks. Scotland. Ccqjtain CarmicJiad. — " Plleus

3 5 lines broad, at length free, slightly carnosc. Gills rather broad,

distinct. Stem 2 lines high, attenuated upwards, sometimes obsolete
as well as its radicles." Fr. l. c. Colour of A. variabilis ; form and
radicles of ^. hijssiscdus, but distinct from both in its white sporules. ,

199. A. hypnopJiilus, Pers. (ivhite- sjmruhd variable Agaric) ;
sessile resupinate flat white, pileus subreniform nearly smooth,
gills simple of the same colour. Pcrs. Myc. Eur. v, 3. p. 28.
t. 24. f, 5. a.

On the larger mosses and on fallen leaves ; probably not uncommon.
Scotland, Captain Cannichad, and apparently the same species sent
by Purton to Dr. Hooker marked A. variabilis, but with white sporules.
Exactly the habit of A. variabilis, hut the sporules arc white, and in
consequence the gills do not change colour. The figures in Fcrs, I. c.
seem to have been taken from dried specimens. Nothing is stated as
to the colour in the text, but the inference from what is said, is that
they are white ; when dry the whole is of a pale tan. Fries in his Ind.
Alph., refers Persoon's plant to A. dcpluens, Batsch.

200. A. chioncus, Pers. (snoiv-JiaJie Agaric) ; snow-white
siibresupinate minute, pileus very thin villous, gills rather
broad, stem very short villous at length obsolete. Pcrs. Myc,
Eur.v, 3.p.28.t. 26. f. 10, 11.

On wood or dung. Sept. Hare. Lytchett, Dorsets., on horsc-
tlung. — Filais 2 lines broad, extremely delicate and fragile, clothed
with white down, fixed by a few downy threads, the margin involute.
Gills radiating, distant, with sometimes a single smaller one in the
interstices. Sporidcs white. Fries refers Pcrsoon's plant in his Ind.
Alpli. to A. mollis, var. dubius ; but it is clearly a very distinct species.

201. A. appUcdtus, Batsch, {small darh grey Agaric); pileus
subsessilc resupinate then reflexed pruinose villous at tlie base
dark-cinereou... Batsch, ContA.f. 125. Sow. t. 301. With.
V. 4. p. 2GS. Purt. v. 2 c^- 3. n. 080. Necs, Syst. f. 183
(copied from Patsch.) Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 192.— yl. cpix-
ylon, Pull t. 581./. 2. Pcrs. Myc. Eur. v. 3. ;;. 15.

On rotten wood. Autumn and S|)ring. Not uncommon. Scot-
land, Ca])tain Carwi( had.— Pileus 2—4 lines broad, when young
cup-shaped, resupinate, slightly carnosc, striate when moist, more or
less villous. Gills broad, distant, radiating, grey, the niargin whitish.
StcjH none. The several forms of this sj)etics and its allies rccpiire
fresh and minute observation, cspc( ially as regards the sporules. I
liave founil s|)rcini('ns, ap|>arcnlly the same, with the sporules rose-
coloured. l)ulliard r('[)rescnts one state with subrufous gills, and
Sowcrljy's plant is of a greenish hue. The sporules arc certainly
white in Cannichaers specimens.

202. A. stridtulus, Pcrs. (minute stri<dc Agaric); miuuto

76 FUNGI. [Agaricus,

pale-cinereous, plleiis resiipinate then sessile striate smooth,
gills distant. Fcrs. S(/?2. p. 483. 3Ij/c. Eur. v. 3. p. 18.

On fir-wood, twigs of liazel, &c. May— Dec. Scotland. Captain
Carmichael. — Scattered or gregarious, persistent. '' Pikus 3—4.
lines broad, convex, wrinkled when dry, of the colour and nature of
A. corticola. Gills few, unequal, distant, sometimes dirty-white.
Sometimes the whole plant is brown." Fr. I, c.

Series II. Hyporhodeus ; (from y-o, a diminutive^ and ^ob^og^
rose-coloured.^ Sporules pale rose-coloured.

Subgenus 13. Clitopilus ; (from xKito;^ a declivity, and t/Xo^,
a cap?) Stem tolerably firm, suhequal distinct from thepileus. Pileus
fli'shy campanulate or convex, then somewhat plane, dry, regular.
Gills unequal, changing colour, fixed orfree,^-ln the anomalous
A. Mouceron, the stem is diffused into the pileus, the pileus
subdepressed, and the gills decurrent.

* Gills fixed,

203. A. ijrumdus, Scop. (3Ioucero7i) ; pileus compact flattish
white, gills white then flesh-coloured. Scop. Fl. Cam. p. 437.
Pers. Syn. J)' 457, Fr. Syst. Myc.v. I. p. 193. — A. cdhellus,
Schcoff. t. 78. Roques, t.lG.f. l—S.—A. Mouceron, Bidl. 1. 142.
—■A. ijallidas, Schoeff. t. 50. Sow. 1. 143. Furt. v. 3. n. 1430.

Woods and pastures. June — Oct. Common. — Pileus^ — 4 inches
broad, convex, more or less wavy, at length plane or subdepressed,
very fleshy, white, shining or opaque with a slight tendency to
cinereous, smooth, but under a lens minutely though densely tomentose,
so that the impression of the fingers is left upon it, margin involute.
Gills decurrent, narrow, more or less forked, covered with very minute
conical papilla?, ending in four spicuhe. Sporides rose-coloured,
elliptic, often seated upon thespicuki?. Ste7?i, in general, short, white,
solid, thickest at the base and downy. Odour like that of fresh meal.
Much esteemed on the continent as an article of food. Trattinnick's
plant however is evidently another species ; according to Fries' Index
Alph, A. graveolens, (Pers.) He compares the odour of his plant to
that of Primula Auricula.

20k A. sericellus, Fv. (silhy rose-gilled Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose obtuse silky white as well as the slender fibrillosu
fistulose stem, gills adnate rose-coloured. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I.
p. 196. — /S. A. sericeus, Pers. Ic. et. Desc. t. 6./. 2. (larger.)

Woods. July— Sept. East Morden, Dors. King's ClifFe, Norths.
llev. M. J. Berkeley. — Subgregarious. Pileus f of an inch broad,
white, subcarnose, silky, slightly umbilicate. Gills pale rose colour,
broad, adnate, nearly horizontal, subdecurrent. Sporules round, rose-
coloured. Stem 2 inches or more high, 1 line thick, thickest and
downy at the base, sometimes subbulbous, solid or closely stuffed, white,
silky. Odour and taste like that of ^. campe.stris. My plant agrees
in every respect with that of Fries, except in the stem not being fistu-
lose; but I do not think this a sufficient ground to doubt its identity.

205. A, rhodopolius, Fr. (dull rose-gilled Agaric); pileus

Agaricus.]

FUNGI, 77

subumbonatc snbscriceous livid, gills adnato dull rose-coloured,
stem hollow smooth white. Fi\ Syst. Myc. v. \. p.\^7 — A.
Jnjdrogrammus, Bull. t. 564./ C,D.E,0.—A. rcpandus, Bolt.
t.Q.

Tastiircs and wootls, amongst leaves. Sept. Probably not uneonnnon.
Near Halifax. Bollon. East Morden. Dors. King's Clitle, Norths.
lltv.M. J. Berkeley.— P ileus \\—1\ inches broad, plano-cxpanded or
subdepressed, occasionally minutely unibonate, ochraceons with a brown-
ish tint, the margin sometimes darker and waved, in large specimens siib-
carnosc,smoothandshiningwith a satiny lustre, most minutely silky under
a lens, but the silkiness is quite adpressed. Gills very broad, thick and
adnatc, more or less roun(.led behind and separating from the stem,
covered with elongated conical processes, surmounted by three divari-
cate spicuhe. Sponiks elliptic, rose-coloured. Ste?n 2—4 inches
jiigh, 2 lines or more thick, hollow, stringy within or occasionally with
transverse imperfect partitions, subflexuous, pulverulent at the apex,
downy at the base, minutely fibrilloso-striate. Odour strong, sometimes
resembling that of nitric acid, sometimes that of Polyporus squamosus.

206. A.fcrtilis, Pers. (fertile Agaric) ; pilous subumbonate
smooth or pulveruleuto-squamulose, gills flesh-coloured ad-
uexed, stem stuffed smootli or fibrillose subbulbous. Pcrs.
Sipi. p. 328. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 197. — A. phonos^^ermuSy
Bull. t. 534, 547./. 1. 590.

Amongst rotten leaves. Cottcrstock, Norths. Oct. 27, 182G. —
Subgregarious. Piltus A\ inches broad, expanded, obtuse, somewhat
lobed, pulverulcnto-sqnamulose, fleshy, dry, i)inkish-bufr, with some-
times a tinge of yellow. Gills rose-coloured, adnexcil, nearly free.
»S;>o;v//<?.s' rose-coloured. Stem'2h — SHnches high, 1^ — 1 inch thick,
stufled, firm, fibrillose, subsquamnlosc, subcompresscd, somewhat bul-
bous at the base, paler than the pilous. Odour like that of fresh meal.
My specimens resemble very much those figured by Bu/l. t. 500 ^y
547. /. 1, except that the pileus is not smooth, nor the stem white.
The species seems to be very variable, but the following one dillers
so materially that I cannot but regard it as distinct. On January 27,
1834, specimens occurred at Apethorpe, Norths., dillcring from the
state described above in being smaller, of a livid-bistrc anil decidedly
viscid. The (lills were tj of an inch broad, distant, very thick, con-
nected and traversed by veins. Sinn white, fibrillose, generally split.
There was the same strong smell of meal.

207. A. warninosus, Bolt, {undxmatc rose-gillcd Agaric);
pileus at first strongly unil)onato, gills adiiexed j)ale llesli-
coloured, stem solid nearly equal fii)rillose. Bolt. t. 09. With.
V. 4. p. 213. Burt. n. 936.

Woods anil pastures. Autunni. Stibbington. Hunts. Po.J.M.
Brrhh'.}/. Pihus 2 inches broad, convex, very strongly unibonate, less
so iiowcvcr, when fiilly expanded, when it is plano-convex, of a pinki^h-
grcy or cinereous, the apex darkest, nearly smooth, shining, but under
a lens subsericcous ; margin compressed when \oung. Gills slightly
vcntricose, nearly free, but connected with the stem by a tooth ; .some-
times notched and waved. Sjforulrs rose-coloured. S/rm i) inches
high, i — I an inch thick, nearly e«|ual, when young swollen al the base,

78 FUNGI. [AgaricKS.

fibrlllose, firm, solid, dirty-white. Odour like that of fresh men!. I
cannot be quite sure that my plant is the same as Bolton's quoted
above, his figure being very indifferent ; but it is probably that of
Withering and Purton, though the latter seems to include A. pascuus,
and perhaps .some others. A. irrcjulwis. Bolt, is described as luiving
a hollow stem ; in other respects it appears very similar.

208. A. ardosiac7.cs, Bull, (slate-coloured Agaric) ; pileus
smooth at length subdepressed, greenish cinereous, gills broad,
nearly free, stem hollow smooth. Bull. t. 348. Per5. Sijn. p,
466. Sibth. Fl. Ox. p. 357. With. v. 4. p. 257. Fr. St/sL
3I?/c. V. I. p. WS.

Moist meadows. Sept. Pastures near Headington. Wick Copse.
Sibtliorpc. — " Pileus 3 inches broad, fleshy, when young campanulate,
margin subsinuate. Gills 4 lines broad, rufesccnt. Stem 4 — 5 inches
long, 2 — 3 lines thick, attenuated, of the same colour as the pileus.'*
Fr. I. c.

** Gills free.

209. A. leojiifius, SchcelF. {tawny rose-gilled Agaric) ; brittle,
pileus smooth submembranaceous, stem solid striate. ScJiccff,
i. 48. Pers. Ic. c^'y Dcsc. t. 7. /. 3, 4. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 1.
p. 199. — A. p)yrrosj)ernmSy BidL t. 547. /. 3.

On rotten wood, sawdust, &c. Sept. — Oct. Apcthorpe, (with a
bright orange pileus). Cotterstock, King's ClifFe, Norths. — Solitary
or subgregarious, varying much in size and colour. Pileus 1 — 3 inches
broad, tawny-yellow, shaded with bright orange, or purplish-brown
tinged with yellow, umbonate ; fiesh thick in the centre, margin thin,
firm in the orange-coloured specimens, covered with a smooth wrinkled
glutinous epidermis ; sometimes pitted round the umbo, margin more
or less striate. Gills rather broad, rounded behind and in front, flesh-
coloured, moderately distant, perfectly free, the edge at first yellowish,
afterwards when drying up orange in the orange variety ; I could detect
no pellucid processes. Sporules rose-coloured, elliptic. Stem 2 — 3
inches high, 2 — G lines thick, downy at the base, sometimes rooting,
attenuated upwards, twisted and striate, yellow or ochraceous shaded
with orange, solid, or at length imperfectly hollow, composed of crisped
filaments. I have considered A. Icoiiinns, Schceff. mid A. j^yrrospe?''
mus. Bull, as the same species, because Fries has done so, and I have
not had sufficient opportunities of observing Schocffer's plant to justify
me in calling his judgment into question. BuUiard's plant, however,
is differently coloured, watery and more tender ; the gills almost
deliquescent, and the stem of a full yellow, more equal and not so solid.
The orange variety, noticed above, is a most splendid Agaric, equalling
in richness of colour A. coccineus.

210. A. repdndus, Bull, (not of Fr.), (coiic rose-gilled
Agaric); pileus conic fleshy imibonate, the margin incurved
and lobed, stem short solid. Bull. t. 423,/. 2.

Amongst grass. East Morden. Dors. Sept.— Pz7ez/5 I— 2 inches
broad, conic, obtuse, at length expanded, very fleshy, the margin
incurved and lobed, pale whitish-ochraceous, with a ^ew streaky shades,
clothed with a very close, adpressed indistinct silkincss, Gilk pale dull-

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 79

rose, broad in front. Spondes round, rose-coloured. Stem U inch high,
3 lines thick, white, bcuutifully adpresso-scriceous, composed of fibrous
cells, distinct from those of the pilens. Odour like that of fresh meal.
My specimens iigree precisely with Bnlliard's [)Iant quoted above,
except that the colour is not so lively. He says ex[)ressly that the
seminal powder is " rougeatre" which can hardly apply to any species
of the subgenus Ixocyee. Fries indeed tells us that Bulliard's plant
does not accord with his A. repandus in habit.

211. A. Pltdcus, Batsch, (^r oof Agaric) ; pileus convex
smootli sooty, stem firm clothed with black fibrillte. J3atsc/i,
/i7. p. 79. Pcrs. Sf/71. p. S57. Dilm. in Shmns Deidsch. FL
L 28. Nccs, Syst.f. 201. (copied fro7n Ditm,) Fr. Syst. Myc.
V, 1. p. 199. — A. cervinus, Schceff. t. 10. — A. lividiis, JJidl. t,
382.—^. lattfs, Bolt. i. 2. Soic. t, 108. With. v. 4. p. 211.

About rotten stumps. May — Nov. Not uncommon. — " Solitary.
Pdcus 2 — 3 inclies broad, carnose, here and there wrinkled, campan-
ulate, at length more or less plane, umber, at length dark brown, Gdls
free, ventricosc, moderately close, at first white, then rose-red. The
texture consists of Iqng cells, and between the asci which cover their
surface under a high power at tolei-ably regular distances are trans-
parent bodies, longer than tiie asci, ending in two or three curved
spiculai. Sporuh'S round, rose-coloured. Stem 3 — 4 inches high,
firm, thicker at the base, whitish or here and there of the colour of the
pileus, but paler, covered with fine black streaks." DUm. J. c. The
above is an excellent description of the common state of this variable
species. A variety or nearly allied species occurs, with a plane grey
minutely t:"(juanudose pileus; the stem white, fibrilloso-squamulosc.
Tile processes on the gills are longer than those represented Ijv Ditmar,
not ovate or urn-shaped ;* the spicules always three ; the pubescence of
tiic j)ileus consists of elliptic, pear-shaped, or elongated cells, filled
with minute granules. Sporules oval. Another distinct nearly allied
form occurred at Wollarton, Notts. Sept. Pileus 2 inclies broad,
expanded, the margin very thin, umber with a rufescent tinge, tender,
quite smooth ; margin not striate ; JJesh pure white. Gids broad,
rounded. Stnji 3 inches high, 2 lines or more thick, above tomento^o-
squanndose, below fibrillose, twisted, exceedingly brittle. Oilonr like
tiiat o^ A.J'(istd>dis.

212. A. phiehop/ioruSf D'lim. (veiny Agaric) ; pileus subcar-
nosc smootli, more or less venoso-rng;ose, stem fistulose incurvcMl
smooth. l)dm. in Sturnis Deidsch. FL t. 15. Nees, Syst.f.
202. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 200. Grcv. FL Fd. p^SSYy.
Sc. Crypt. FL t. 173. — A. reticidatvs, With. v. 4. p. 2.55.-/1.
moUinscidus, Sow. t. 174. — A. vascipcSy Fr. L c.

On rotten stumps, wood, Sec. .Tnly — Oct. Kare. Edgbaston.
Withering. Under poplar trees in Lambeth Marsh. Soircr/ty.
Foxhall near lulinbnrgh. ('(ij>fai/t Mdugh and J)r. GrunUr. liiggin,
Norths. Hlu. M. J. JJtrlicliy.^''Pdcus \—2\ inches broad, shglilly

• I find, however, i\\o procfssos in tlic nnnnid statrof yl. 7Y»//. /^^• siinj>Iy
ronJcal with three spicule!}. The pubesccuce uf Uu' pileus tousi&ls cutiuly K>i
elongated cells.

80 ruNGT, [Agaricus.

convex or plane in maturity ; thin for the size of the plant, but rather
firm ; pleasant yellowish-brown ; epidermis rugose, the rugoe branched
like veins. Gills broad, ventricosc, free, white changing to rose-colour
from the sporules. Stein 2—4 inches high, 3 — 4 lines thick, whitish,
somewhat twisted, mostly hollow, frequently incurved at the base which
is slightly thickened." Grcv. Fl. Ed. It does not appear that there
are processes upon the gills.

Subgenus 14. Leptonia ; (from Xscrroc, slender.) Stem dis-
tinct from the pileus, when young stuffed with down^ then more
or less hollow^ equcd, slender, rather firm, tinged with blue, Pileus
carnoso-mcmhranaceous camjjanidate or convex, then eocpcinded,
dry, never stricde, fibrillose or squcimulose, sometimes zimbilicate.
Gills obtuse, behind free or fixed, not decurrcnt, unequal^ rather
broad f at length flesh-coloured. Bluish or grey.

2L3. A, griseo-cydneus, Fr. {grey 4" ^^ite Agaric) ; pileus
squamulose lilac-grey, gills free, stem hollow fibrillose blue.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ]). 202. — A. atro-cyaneusy Pers. Syn. p.
344.

Grassy places. July — Sept. East Morden. Dors. — Pileus 1 inch
broad, subcarnose, at first conico-hemisphaerical, then convex, at length
umbilicatc, scaly, the scales sometimes reflexed, of a beautiful pinkish
niouse-grcy, turning pale when dry ; margin not striate. Gills quite
free, ventricose, rose-coloured. Sporules elliptic, rose-coloured. Stem
1—2 inches high, ^ of an inch thick, deep blue or hlac-grey, finely
fibrillose, brittle, downy at the base. My specimens differ from those
of Fries in being umbilicate when old. The gills are quite free and
very different in ]shape behind from A. serrulatus. Bolton's A. pur-
jmreus quoted here by Fries, is evidently a small state of A. purus.
Jt is described as clammy, which is wholly at variance with the species
before us.

214. A. chalybeus, Pers. (dark-blue Agaric) ; pileus squamosa
blue, gills adnate bluish- white then purplish, stem stiifiPed
smootli blue. Pers. Syn. ]). 343. Ic. Pict, t 4./. 3, 4. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 203. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 385.— yl. columba-
rius, Sow. t. 161. b. — A. glaucus, Bull. t. 52\.f 1.

Amongst grass. July — Sept. Kirriemuir. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.
East Morden. Dors. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Subgregarious. Pileus
^ — 1 inch broad, convex, minutely umbonate, scaly, dark-blue or almost
black, subcarnose, slightly striate on the margin; flesh dark-blue.
Gills at first pale then clouded lightly of the colour of the pileus.
Sporules rose-coloured, elliptic with a globular nucleus. Ste?n Hinch
high, 1 line thick, stuffed, at length hollow, indigo without, dark within,
nearly smooth above, downy at the base.

215. A. columbdrius, Bull, (dove-coloured Agaric); pileus
nearly plane grey streaked with black fibrillso, gills adnate at
length nearly free, stem elongated. Btdl. t. 413. y. 1. — A.
serrulatus, var. (3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 204.

Amongst grass. Autumn. Locko Park, near Derby. Pev. M. J.
Berkeley. — Pileus \h inch broad, umbilicatc, lilac-grey streaked with

Agaricus.] rUNcr. 81

black fibrilloe, subsquamulose. Gills broad, ventricose, adnatc. Stem
3 inches higli, 2:\ lines broad, hollow, twisted, fibrillose, blue, downy at
the base. The inargin of the gills in my spccinjens has not the slightest
appearance of black teeth. They agree very well with Bulliard's figure,
except that the gills are really adnate in Bulliard's plant ; however,
according to Fries, they are free only in conse({uence of the expansion
and depression of the pileus, which causes them to start away from the
stem. Having never found a species of this tribe with serrated gills, I
am unable to form any opinion as to the importance which ought to be
attached to this character, and Fries does not say whether the gills of
his var. /3. are serrated or no, though the presumption is that they are
so. In this uncertainty, I venture to keep A. cuhnnharius distinct for
the present, as less likely to lead to confusion and error than a virtual
expression of an o[)inion as to the nonimportance of the character,
which might throw a doubt upon what alter all may be a very valid
distinction.

Subg-enus 13. Nolanea ; (from iiola, a little hell.) Brittle,
Stem Jistidose, rarely stuffed ivith down, distinct from the pileus.
Pileus submemhranaccoiis, campanidate, then expanded, not fibril-
lose or scaly, luhen moist striate suhpeUucid, ichen dry turning
j)ale, often xcith a satiny lustre, never umhilicate. Gills free or
slightly adnexed, broad, ventricose, subascending.

216. A.pdscuiis,VQY?,. {pasture Agaric) ; pileus canipanulate
expanded dark-sooty when dry pallid subsericeous, gills nearly
free dirty flesh-colour, stem slender fistulose nearly straight.
Pers. Syn. p. 427. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1. p. 205. — A. sericeus,
Bull, t. 413./. 2, 5'26.—A.fuligineus, Pers. Sy?i. p. 427.

Pastures. Sejit. — Oct. Not uncommon. Inverary. Klutzsch,inIIouh.
Herb. Aimer, Dors. Margate. Rev. M. J. Bcrlithy. — Pikus \'\\\c\\
or more broad, subcarnose, brown, when dry changing to ochraceous-
brown, umbonate, smooth, satiny, not fibrillose, the margin striate when
moist. Stem 1 inch high, stutled, minutely fistulose, when old (|uitc
hollow, and fibrillose within and without, often compressed, j)alcr than
the i)ileus. Sometimes the pileus is de[)ressed and the gills appear
decurrent. 0^/o///-like that of fresh meal. The above is a description
of one state of tiie species, but it will not apply universally. The stem
is sometimes much longer, ami the gills vary considerably in shape. It
occurs of various colours ami the form of the pileus is by no means
constant. 1 have found specimens resembling very much A. Innutji/iosiis,
which though very dillcrent from the conunon state I imagine to be
only a variety. The pileus is conico-campauulate, umbonate, umber-
grey, decidedly silky ; the gills adnate with a di^tinct tooth or sub-
adnexed, dull pink with a shade of umber; extreme margin white,
scarcely serrulate. Stem pale, darker below, fibrillose. It has the same
odour. — Another form of the species, if not distinct, has very broad
secedenti-adnate gills, and a subfibrillose pileus. I can, however, find
no other mark of ilistinction ; this also has the mealy odour.

Subgenus 16. I^'ccii.ia ; {Worn laxxiXoui, to hollow out.) Stem
irhen young stuffed with light doivn, then fistulose, shndcr, apt a I,
slightly diU'ustd into the jjHius ; paler than the jnleus and not

82 rUNGI. [Agariciis,

thiged with blue. Pileus t/dn, memhranaceous, convex then plane^
umbilicate, striate, smooth or minutely sqamulose. Gills adnate
or subdecurre7it, subacute behind, broad, subdistant.

217. A' Sowerbei, Berk, (green mouse-scented Agaric) ; pileus
smooth striate shaded with green and yellowish-brown, gills
adnate paler than the pileus, stem green. — A. murinus, Sotc.
t. 162.

Pastures. Sept. East Morden, Dors. JRev. 31. J. Berheleij

Pileus 1 inch broad, convex or subcampanulate, at length umbilicate,
submembranaceous, shining, very brittle. Gills broad, at length rose-
coloured, as the pileus expands starting away from the stem ; not at all
decurrent. Sporulcs oval, rose-coloured. Stem 1 inch high, 1 line
thick, very brittle, of a beautiful yellow-green, above darker, inclining
to verdigris ; stuifed, at length hollow ; sometimes compressed, minutely
fibrillose, downy at the base. The whole plant, when cut, turns to a
beautiful verdigris-green. Odour exactly like that of mice.

This species in the Si/st. Myc. is considered as doubtful ; in the
Iiid. Alpli. it is referred to A. asperellus, but there is so much discre-
pancy in the characters, that I think it expedient for the present to
keep it distinct. No species can be more decidedly marked, and
Sowerby*s figure is very accurate.

218. A. rufo-cdrneus, Berk, (rufous rose-gil/ed Agaric) ; pileus
hemisphserical red-brown, gills adnate ventricose, stem elongated
rufescent.

On a heath, East Morden, Dors. Sept. Rev. M. J. Berlieley,
—Pileus 1 inch broad, umbilicate, membranaceous, indistinctly fibrilloso-
squamulose, margin striate, dark red-brown. Gills adnate, ventricose,
waved, rose-coloured, slightly connected and traversed by veins.
Sporules elliptic, rose-coloured. Stem 2^ inches high, 1 line thick,
curved at the base where it is slightly thickened, pale rufescent, nearly
white above, fistulose, smooth, under a lens minutely fibrillose. Taste
rather bitter. — After an attentive examination I can find no plant
according with this, which appears a well-marked species.

Series III. Cortinaria. (/ro??z cortina, a t-ez7.) Sporules^
reddish-ochre. Veil arachnoid.

Subgenus 17. Telaimonia; (from rO^aixm, lint.) Veil coimsting
of arachnoid fibres woven into a subpersistent ring. Stem solid, at
length softer, luithin firm, fibrillose. Pileus more or less fieshy,
the margin thin, campanulate or convex then expanded, dry,
squamulose or fibrillose. Gills adnate or emarginate, broad, distant,
changing colour. — Large firm fungi, groioing on the ground.

219. A. torvus, Fr. (hosed Agaric) ; pileus obtuse fibrillose

* The sporules in this series are distinguishable from those of the following,
when accurately examined, by a redder tinge. As far as I have been able to
pay attention to the point, thecolour appears to vary very little, whereas in the
following series, the sporules in different species are sesn to assume many
different shades. No difficulty, howevei', will be found in referring each
Agaric to its proper series, when once a single individual of the present shall
1)6 accurately determined.

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 83

whitisli* with a brick-red tinge, gills adnate purple, veil closely
sheathing the stem. I^r. Syst, Myc. ^'. 1. ^. 2 1 1. — A. arcmeosus,
Bull, t. 600. Q. R. S.^A. umhrinus, Vers. Syri. p. 280.

Woods. Sep. — Oct. Glasgow. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. Colly-
weston. Norths, liev, 31. J. Berkeleij. — Filcus 3 inches or more
broad. Stem 3 — o inches high, h — 1 inch thick, violet, but clothed
below with the wiiite veil.

Klotzsch's specimens are evidently tlie genuine form, figured by
Bulliard : mine are slightly different, but clearly belonging to the same
species. The youngest plants have no tinge of violet, but this is
probably owing to their being found in very dry weather. Pihns (in
the variety) 1^ inch broad, obtuse, convex, at length plane, shining with
a satiny lustre, at length sometimes rimulose, whitish tinged with umber,
fleshy in the centre, the margin thin ; portions of the veil persistent on
the edge. GUIs adnate, deep umber, distant, sometimes very slightly
emarginate in old specimens. Stem 2^- inches high, ^- an inch thick,
nearly equal or slightly attenuated below, paler than the pileus, hosed,
as it were, with the white veil ; reddish within. Odour like that of
A.fastibilis.

220. A. brihincifs, Pers. (brown Agaric) ; pileus obtuse
umbouate subfibrillose umber turning pale, stem subbulbous
Striate paler than the pileus, veil woven. Pers. Syn. p. 274.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 211. — A. spomjiosus, With. v. 4. p. 186.

Pine-groves. Autumn, Packington Park, Warw. Witherituj. — ■
''Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad, at length nearly plane, disk fleshy. GUIs
when bruised umber-purple. Stem 3—5 inches high, 3 — o lines thick,
stuffed, dilute brown." Fr. I. c.

221. A. evernius, Fr. (piirplish satiny Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose purplish-bay then fibrillose reddish or whitish, stem
long equal violet. Fr. Sy^t. 3Jyc. v. 1. p. 212. — A. inipuber,
Sow. t. 125.

Beech-woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon. King's Cliffe, Norths.
lieu. M. J. Berlieley.— Tuked or subgregarious. Pileus 1 — 2 inches
broad, purple-brown, shining with a satiny lustre, umbonate, the umbo
generally subinnbilicate ; y/rsA moderately thick in the centre. GUIs
very broad, at length subferruginous, distant, adnate for half their breadth.
Stem 2i— 4 inches iiigh, ^ of an inch thick, undulated, silky, much
paler th'an the pileus, with a few slight traces of the veil. — iSowerby's
plant and that of Fries seem to be the same ; but if so, the former is
not, as Fries supposes, merely the young state, but arrived at its full
growtii. A. impuber, Batsch, is clearly A. vaccinus.

222. A. gc?itilis, Fr. (variable tawny Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose umbonate more or less of a cbangi'able cinnamon-bue,
gills adiuite cinnamon, stem slender equal nearly straight. — Fr.

Syst. Myc. V. 1. p. 212 A. hinnulcus, Sow. t. 17;J. With. v. 4.

p.'2\\ .—A. helvoliisy Pers. Syn. p. 273. Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 367.
— A. farinacLUs, Part. v. 2. p. 214.

• 'I'lie cojoiu- ill til.' sp<'(iHo cliaraf t.rs in this und the two follo>\ing 8ub
gt'nciu \-i to be uuUorstuod of llic youny plaiil only.

84 rUNGl. [Agaricus.

Fir and Beech-woods. Sept.— Nov. Not uncommon. Swanston
wood near Edinburgh, Dr. GreviUe. Canterbury. King's ClifFe,
Norths, licv. M. J. Berlicley. — Filens \ — 3 inches broad, at first
conic-obtuse, then more or less acutely umbonate, with, frequently, a
depression round the umbo, cinnamon changing to a pale tawny, marked
in decay with brown streaky blotches, shining, somewhat cracked, sub-
fibrillose, sometimes with a few very minute silky scales. Gills very
distant, thick, adnate, rounded behind, cinnamon or dark ferruginous.
Stem 3 inches high, 2 — 3 lines thick, of the same colour as the pileus,
nearly equal, at first marked w ith the remains of the woven spongy
ring, fibrillose, wavy, at length hollow.

223. A. limonhis, Fr. (orange-tawny Agaric) ; pileus obtuse
orange- tawny becoming pale, gills yellow^ soon tawny-cinnamon,
stem equal, veil floccose. Fr. Syst. JShjc. v. 1.^.213 — A.
kermesinus^ Holmsh. v. 2. t 40.

Alpine Pine-woods. Oct. Highland woods. Klotzsch, in Hooh.
Jlerh. — " Pileus 2—4 inches broad, when dry ochry-yellow, subsquar-
rose. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate ; veil rarely
forming a perfect ring. Ste77i 2—4 inches high, h an inch thick, firm,
fibrillose, dull yellow sometimes saffron-red." Fr. I. c.

224. A. vdlidiiSy Berk, (stout tawny Agaric) ; pileus ricli
tawny-ferruginous obtuse clothed with very minute refiexed
scales, gills pale tawny fixed, stem rooting stout bulbous
fibrillose.

Amongst dead leaves in woods. Sept. Yarwell, Norths. Rev.
M. J. Berliele;/. — Pileus 4 inches broad, fleshy, the margin thin, deep
tawny inclining to ferruginous ; at first convex, flatly hemispha,'rical or
subcampanulate, very obtuse, at length expanded plano-convex clothed
with very minute refiexed scales ; J-lesh whitish, partaking very slightly
of the colour of the pileus; margin at first subinvolute. Gills f of an
inch broad, brittle, undulate, nearly horizontal, adnate, soon starting
from the stem and connected with it by a few fibres, very minutely
emarginate, pale tawny clouded with the sporules. Stein 4 inches
high, nearly 1 thick in the centre, 1^ at the base, bulbous, fibrillose
from the remains of the fugacious veil which forms in the very young
plant a slight extremely evanescent ring which is coloured by the
sporules ; solid, tawny like the pileus. At the base are a few strong
roots. — There is not the slightest tinge of purple or violet in any stage
of growth.

225. A. siihlandtus, Sow. (ivoolly Agaric) ; pileus squamulose
reddish-olive, gills yellowish then cinnamon, stem bulbous
squamulose, veil brown. Soiv. t. 224. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 214.

Hampstead Wood. Oct. ,S'o?t'e;i//.—" Smell like that of radishes.
Pileus 3 inches broad, at length broadly and obtusely umbonate, colour
variable, yellowish-brown ; scales brownish or white, sometimes silky
adpressed. Gills adnate or emarginate. Stem 3 inches high, yellowish-
pallid, sometimes violet above." Fr. I. c.

226. A. bulhosus, Sow. (bulbous Agaric) ; pileus obtusely
umbonate nearly smooth reddish-brown, when dry brick-red,
gills cinnamon, stem long' bulbous dirty-white as well as the

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 85

veil. Sow. t. 130. Pers. Syn, p. 295. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 214. Purt. V. 2 Sf 3. n. 930.

Fir plantations and grassy places. Kare. Earlham. Soicerhy.
Oversley. Purton. Glasgow. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. — " Smell
like that of radishes. Pileus 2—3 inches broad, librillose under a lens,
brittle, margin thin. Gills rounded, subadnate, distinct, 3 — 5 lines
broad. Stein 3 — 4 inches high, subfibrillose, in full grown specimens
ferruginous at the base." Fr. I. c. According to Purton the whole
turns in drying to a blood-red or brick-colour, like A. sanriuineus ; and
this is the case in a small specimen marked by him in Dr. Hooker's
Herbarium. The appearance at the base is precisely that which would
be produced by particles of brick-dust adhering to it. Klotzsch's
specimens, however, have not the least tinge of red.

Subgenus 18. Inoloma ; ( from /v, a fibre, and Xw//a, a fringe.)
Veil fug aciovs, marginal, consisting of free, arachnoid threads.
Stem solid, bulbous, fibrillose, more or less diffused into the pileus^
fleshy. Pileus fleshy, convex when young, then expanded, fibrillose
or viscid, regular. Substance juicy. Gills emarginato-adncxed,
broad, changing colour. Colour of the pileus or gills violet. —
Large autumnal fungi, growing on the ground.

* Pileus dry.

227. A. violdceus, Linn, (violet Agaric) ; obscuro violet,
pileus villoso-squamose, qills distant connected, stem spongy
within, cinereous tinged -svitli violet. Liyin. Succ. p. 44S.
Bolt. t. 52. Pers. Syn.p. 211. With. v. 4. p. 193 {in jKtrt).
Purt. V. 3. 7U 928 {in part). Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ;;. 217.
llocpies, Hist, des Champ, t. 17. f 1. — A. hercynicus, pers. Syn.
p. 278 — A. araneosus, Bull. t. 250, 598./. 2. A.

Woods and Pine-groves. Aug. — Oct. Not common. On mounds
of compost. Purton. Near Kinnordy. Klotzsrh, in Hook. JLrb.
— " Large, handsome. Pilnis 3 — G inches broad, obtuse, cxpantlod.
Gills, when young deep violet, almost black. Stem \ inches high,
when young subtomentose." Fr. I. c. If attention be paid to the
sporules and arachnoid veil, there will be no danger of confounding
this with any of the varieties o^ A. pcrsonatus. It is eatable, accord-
ing to INI. Koques.

228. A. spilomeus, Fr. {spotty-stemmed Agaric) ; pileus umbo-
nate nearly smooth brownish-pallid, gills close violet at length
cinnamon, stem attenuated variegated with tawny scales. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. \, p. 220. — A. araneosus. Sow. t. 384. /! I.

Mossy Fir-woods. Aug. — Sept. Karc. — " Pilnts 1 inch broad,
slightly fleshy, colour various, when young whitish, then ferruginous
tinged with fuscous, yellowish when dry. (tills violet, then lilac, at
length cinnamon. Stem '2 — V inches high, l2 — 3 lines thick, white,
tinged with violet. Fr. I.e. Fries jjimself suspects this to be only a
variety of the following species, and it seems to have no really
distinctive character ; but as I have not met with it, 1 follow Fries in
leaving it open to fiulher investigation.

86 FUNGI. [Agarkus.

229. A, anomalus, Fr. (variable violet Agaric) ; pileus carnose
obtuse nearly smooth, gills close at first bluish-purple, stem
slender squamulose thickened at the base. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.
I. p. 220— A araneosus, Bull t. 431./. 4, 5.^. 544./. 1. With.

V, 4. p. 187. Furt. v. 2 S^ 3. n. 926.

Woods. Aug.— Oct. Probably not uncommon. Beech-woods,
at King's Cliffe, Norths., very abundant. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. —
" Pileus 1 — 2 inches broad, very obtuse, sometimes broadly but very
flatly umbonate, tinged at first with violet, minutely silky so as to
present a white satiny appearance, gradually changing to ochraceous
or slightly tawny; flesh thick, except at the extreme margin, which has
often traces of the arachnoid veil dusted with the sporules. Gills
close, rounded behind, at first violet, at length pale ferruginous. Stem
2i inches high, f of an inch thick, in the middle subbulbous, more or
less tinged with violet, soUd, fibrillose with more or less distinct trans-
verse closely-pressed brownish scales, which originate in the veil : the
top is adorned with the descending fibres of the veil, which form a
spurious ring dusted with the sporules, and beneath this there is
sometimes another red circle which is the true ring. — The above
description belongs to var. y tahiilaris of Fries, {A. araneosus, Bull.
t. 431. /. 5,) and of this variety there are many aspects. As I have
not found all the different states described by Fries, and it being im-
possible to refer the synonyms of Withering and Purton accurately to
them, I have given the specific character of Fries under a slightly
altered form, and have referred all Bulliard's figures to it.

** Pileus smooth, viscid whoi moist.

230. A. scaurus, Fr. (olive-gilled Agaric); pileus equal
viscid, gills close olive shaded with purple, stem attenuated
bulbous. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 223. — A. fidvo-fuligineus,
Sf subsimilis, Pers. Syn. p. 284. — A. orichalcetis, Batsch, Cont.
2./. 184.—^. defossus, Batsch, Cont. 1./. 73. — A. glaucopus,
var. b. With. v. 4. p. 191. (excl. syn. Schceff.)

Woods. June — Oct. Packington Park, Warw. Withering. —
Glasgow, Klotszch, in Hooli. Herb. — " Soft, insipid. Pileus 2 — 3
inches broad, sometimes depressed. G///^ rather thin, at length cinna-
mon. Stem about 3 inches high, fibrillose, sometimes marginato-
bulbous, sometimes when growing amongst moss nearly equal." Fr. I.e.

231. A. callochroiis, Fers. (violet-gilled Agaric) ; pileus equal
even viscid, gills close violet-purple, stem bulbous at first
violet then dirty-white. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 224. — a. flesh
when broken and the rather slender stem purplish-violet. — A,
suhpurpurascens, Batsch, Cont. 1./. 74. With. v. 4. p. 190. — b.
flesh and stem dirty-white. — A. callochroiis 8^ decolorans, Pers*
Syn. p. 282, 283.

Woods and pastures. Aug. — Oct. a. Edgebaston. Withering. —
Helensburgh, Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. — b. Collyweston, Norths.
Pev. M. J. JBerhelcy. — Pileus 3 — 4 inches broad, truly carnose, viscid
when moist, nearly smooth with a satiny lustre, olivaceous-tawny when
young, tawny when full-grown ; flesh tinged with yellow, and when

Agaricus.] fungi. 87

young, very dilute violet. Vci'l arachnoid, the threads arising partly
from the apex, partly iVom the middle of the stem. GUIs close, thin,
emarginate, serrulate, at first bright violet, then ferruginous with a
dilute violet tinge; not at all olivaceous. Sporuks elliptic. Stem
1 — 3 inches high, 1 inch thick, fibrillose, the fibriilae above copious
and densely dusted with the sporules, bulbous, violet towards the gills,
the rest whitish, when young very shaggy at the base. — The plant
described above seems to be the vnr. b. of Fries. The taste is
astringent and the odour nauseous like that of ^. rar/icosus, whereas
Fries describes his species as inodorous and insipid. The bright violet
of the gills is not very persistent, but this may be owing to the dryness
of the summer in which it occurred.

232. A. fflducopus, Schceff. (hi ue- stemmed Agaric) ; compact,
pilcus subolivaceous Avitli a sooty tinge viscid wlien young at
lengtli undulated irregular, gills bluish-clay colour, stem thick
blue. Schceff. t. 53. With. v. 4. ji. 190. Sow. t. 223. Pers.
Syn. p. 282. Fr. Sf/st. 3Jyc. v. 1. p. 225. Grev. Fl. Ed. jy.
386.—^. araneosiis, Bull. t. 96. Pitrt. v. 3. p. 204. var. 2.

Woods. Autumn. Not uncommon. — Tufted, irregular. Whole
plant when cut or bruised of a beautiful violet. Pilcus 3 inches broad,
at first viscid dirty umber-tawny and brown, then tawny with a very
faint tinge of purple, expanded, shining, minutely fibrillose, the fibrillac
quite ad[)ressed. GUIs very broad, at first violet then cinnamon,
emarginate, distant. Stem \h inch high, -\ — 1 inch thick, composed of
fibres, bulbous, at first tinged with violet, nearly smooth except towards
the bulb where are a few fibrilke dusted with the sporules.

233. A. vdrins, Scho?ff. (variable hdhons-stemmed Agctric) ;
firm, pileus dull-yellow subsquamose viscid when moist, gills
close serrated whitish tinged with blue, stem attenuate white.
Schceff. t. 42. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1 . p. 225.— A. turbinatus,
Sou\ t. 102— A. pachypiis, Ilolmsh. v. 2. t. 39.

Woods. Sept. — Nov. Nork Park, , Surrey. Sourrhi/. — Taste
and smell, according to Sowerby, unpleasant, causing a bitterness in
the throat. " Very variable in size, but nearly constant in colour.
Differs from the two last in never Iiaving a blue tint on the stem.
Gd/s when young, pale, (piu-plish, the margin yellow, »SV7/rr//:) at lengtii
dilute, of a clay cohjur inclining to cinnamon. Stem short or elongated,
niarginato-bulbous or nearly equal, even or scaly." Fr. I. r.

Subgenus 19. Dermocyme ; ( from orf/xa, shin or 7iicmbran€j
and y.'jo/,i a head.) Veil dry, arachnoid, very fitr/acious. Sfnii
not truly bulbous fibrillose^ stuffed tchen young. Pileus clothed
with JdnillcTy rarely with gluten. Gills njicqualy rather broady close,

* Pilcus innato-sfjuamulose or fibrillose. Stc?n jmlcr, or of the
same colour as the pilcus.

231. A. snugiiincus, A\'ulf. {blood coloured Agaric); pileus
slightly flesiiy subsquamulose dark blood-coloured as well as
iiie slender equal st<'m, gills fixed darker. }]'ulf. in Jacc/.
Coll. 2. ;;. 107. t. 15./. 3. .SW. /. 43. Pcrs. Syn. p. 2S\),
Fr, Syst. Myc. v, \. p. 229.-^1. rubcns, Bolt. i. 3G.

88 FUNGI. [Affaricus.

Beech and Fk-v/oods.—" Pik^is about 1 inch broad, convex. Gills
sometimes adnata, sometimes emarginate. Ste?n stuffed, then hollow."
Fr. I. c. Dry specimens retain their colour many years. Those in
Sowerby's collection are still of a dark blood red.

235. A. cinnamomeus^ Linn, (cinnamon Agaric); pileus
slightly fleshy obtusely umbonate silky cinnamon, gills close
fixed, stem slender equal yellowish. Linn. FL Suec, n. 1205.
Bolt. t. 150. With. V. 4. ;?. 231. Soio. t. 205 (marked 206.)
Pers. Syn. p. 297. Purt. v. 3. ^^. 1461. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.

p. 229. Grev. Ft. Ed. p. 386 A, fusco-Jlavus, With. v. 4. p.

225.

Woods. Autumn. Frequent in Scotland, more rare in the South
of England.— " Pz7e?/s 1—21 inches broad, convex or even obtusely
conical when young, becoming nearly plane, obtusely umbonate, deep
reddish-cinnamon, often cracking at the margin which is thin and
sometimes fibrillose, smooth, somewhat fleshy. Flesh yellowish. Gills
numerous, adnate, yellow-cinnamon, broad, margin often notched.
Ste77i 2—3 inches high, 2—4 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, yellow, solid,
hollow in old (?) large plants." Grev. I. c.

236. A. raphanoides, Pers. {radish- scented Agaric) ; suboli-
vaceous, pileus slightly fleshy obtusely umbonate silky, gills
fixed not close, stem stuff^ed thickened downwards. Pers. Syn.
p. 324. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 230. — Fungus odore, S^c,
Mich. p. 179.^. 75./. 2.

Beech and Fir-woods. July— Oct. Highland woods. Klotzsch^
in Hook. Herb.—'' Allied to the last. Pileus 2 inches broad, when
moist brownish-olive, when dry yellowish-olive, convex at first, then
expanded. Gills broad, darker, adnate or emarginate. Stem 3 inches
high, 4 lines thick, subascending, fibrillose, villous at the base." Fr. I. c.

237. A. iliopodius, Bull, (sharp-bossed Agaric); cinnamon
turning pale, subcarnose, at length umbonate, gills broad adnate,

stem equal slender A. iliopodius, Bull. t. 586 {in part.) Fr,

Syst. Myc. V. \.p.2^\.

Woods. July— Nov. Scotland. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. Can-
terbury. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— Pileus f of an inch broad, at first
conic, with the silky veil attached to the margin, then convex, rather
acutely umbonate, the umbo cinnamon, then brownish changing to
ochraceous, subcarnose, silky especially on the margin which is pellucid
when moist. Gills at first pale, changing to dark-cinnamon. Stem 2
inches or more high, scarce 1 line thick, rufescent, pruinose or sericeo-
squamulose, moderately tough, at length hollow. — My specimens
described above are smaller than the more usual state, approaching in
this respect A. Cucumis, now removed to the tribe Galera. Taste
not acrid. Gills moderately broad. According to Fries, the pileus is
from h — I inch broad. Stem 2 — 4 inches high. Taste approaching
that of radishes.

** Stem white,

238. A. Armeniacus, Schceff'. (apricot Agaric); pileus subcar-
nose, at length obtusely umbonate tawny- cinnamon turning

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 89

pale, gills close cinnamon, stem stufFed white attenuated
upwards. Schccff. L%\. Pers. S7/71. p. 299, Fr. Syst. Mrjc,
V. 1. yj. 234. — A. /lelvohis, Bull. t. 531. — b. pileus bay, ferru-
ginous, &c A. castaneusy Bolt. t. 10.

Woods. July — Nov. Ovcnden near Halifax. Bolton. — " Pileus
2 — 4 inches broad, campanulate soon convex, expanded, sometimes
acutely umbonate, margin thin, patent, moist, not viscid ; when dry
tan, inclining to light red. Gills distinct, 2 — 3 lines broad, when
young watery-cinnamon. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, 2 lines — 2 inches
thick, rather soft, sometimes violet above, conic or subequal ; veil
rather woven." Fr. I. c.

239. A. casfchiCKS, Bull, (cliestmit Agaric) ; pileus subcar-
nose convex at lengtli obtusely umboiuite ciiestnut or dirty-
violet, gills fixed close at first violet or purplish-umber, tlien
reddish, stem short firm. Bull. t. 268. 527. / 2. Pers. Sijn.
p. 298. Ft. Sgst, Myc. v. 1. p. 235. Borjues, Hist, des Champ.
J). 118. — A. kffcopcsus, Hohiish. v. 2. t, 37.

AVoods. July — Nov. Probably not unconnnon. Canterbury.
Rev. M. J. Bcrhch'!/. — Gregarious. Pileus 1 inch or more broad,
subcarnosc, at first obtuse with a delicate fibrillose veil which makes
the margin appear silvery, dark-bay or dirty-violet, sometimes with a
tawny tint, soon expanded, broadly nnibonate ; umbo more or less
obtuse. Gills of the colour of the pileus, or purplish-umber, at length
subferruginous, ventricose, adnate. Stem 11- inch high, 2 lines thick,
beautifully fibrillose and white from the Veil beneath, much paler than
the [)ileus, but with more or less of the same tint, sometimes tinged
with violet. Odour none ; taste like that of A. oreadcs. Eatable.
AVhcn growing on wood it is conical and more tawny.

*** Gills free.

240. A. livido-ochrdcettSy Berk. (Jivid-ochraccous Agaric) ;
pileus quite smooth livid-ochraceous, gills free, stem attenuated
downwards hollow stufi'ed with cottony fibres.

On the ground in a wood thinly covered with leaves. Aug. King's
(liffe, Norths. Rrv. M. ./. Birhclnj. — Pilctts I inch broad, (piitc
smooth, shining, covered with a thick subcartilaginous skin, the margin
very thin l)ut not striate, plane, livid-ochraceous ; eilgc with a iew
indistinct fragments of the veil, (ulls cinnamon, the extreme margin
pale, moderately distant, broad in front, appearing as if adncxcd, but the
tooth does not properly belong to the gills, but to the stem, and is a sn)all
|)latc inserted between the two lamina- of the gills. Sjiorulrs elliptic.
Stem I inc h higli, ;^ thick in the middle where it is swollen, attenuated
below, silky, ol" a Ijcautifid violet, ochraceous at the base; subs(|uamose,
the portion above the obsolete ring striate, stulfcd with cottony fibres.
Inodorous ; /(isfc like that of J. nnnjxstris.

Skrifs I^^ Dkiimints; (from oi-jici, slin or incmhrane.)
Veil not arachnoid. Sporulcs ferruginous.

Subgenus 20. Piioi^io ia ; (from ^o^.i:^ a scale.) J\il dry,

90 ^ FUNGI. [Agaricus.

forming a ring which is sometimes memhranaceous, sometimes
radiato-floccose. Stem more or less scaly. Pileus co?ivcx at
le7igth 7nore or less plane, not umbilicate. Gills unequal, juiceless,
changing colour, Sporules ferruginous or fulvo ferruginous,

241. A. aureus, Bull, {goldeji Agaric) ; tawny, pileus fleshy,
scales few pilose, gills adnexed, stem stuffed, ring small. Bull.
t 92. Sow. t. 11, With. V. 4. p. 158. Pers. Sijii, p. 269.
Purt. V. 3. 71. 1442. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 241.

On stumps of fir, hawthorn, alder, &c. Sept. — Oct. Common. —
Gregarious, tufted. Pileus 4 inches or more broad, convexo-expanded,
rich tawny with broad adpressed silky scales in the centre, which
towards the margin become mere streaks, fleshy ; Jtesh pale yellow\
Gills at length tavvny-ferrnginous from the sporules, adnexed, rounded
behind or decurrent in the same group. Sporules elliptic, tawny-
ferruginous. Stem 4 inches high, 1 inch or more thick, solid, tough
and sponsy, the centre a little looser, thickened downwards and
bulbous, furnished with a small deflexed, rather thick ring near the
top, which is densely powdered with the sporules ; under the gills
n)inutely squamulose, below fibrillose, the fibrillae close, paler than the
pileus, rhubarb-coloured within. Root consisting of a few downy
fibres. Taste bitter. — Sometimes the pileus is dull, the scales not
adpressed ; the stem fibrilloso-squamulose below, pulverulent above the
ring ; and upon the same stump, specimens occur with a shining pileus
clothed with adpressed scales.

242. A. caperdtus, Pers. (turi7iMed Agaric) ; pileus lacunose
lemon-coloured, disk uniform sprinkled with whitish down
squamulose towards the margin, stem solid white squamulose
above the reflexed ring. Pers. Sy7i. p. 273. Fl. Dan. t. 1675.
Fr, Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 241. — b. pale. A. pudicus, Bull. t. 597.

h. On an Elder stump near the barracks, Canterbury. At the foot of
an ash. Nassington, Norths. Aug.— Oct.— PZ/e'/s 3 inches or more
broad, quite smooth ; margin pitted, white with a slight tinge of umber,
fleshy, especially in the centre, firm and tough. Gills broad, slightly
rounded behind, adnate, dirty-white clouded with the sporules. Sporules
oval, dirty-ferruginous. King persistent, deflexed, membranous. Stem
white, fibrillose, subhorizontal,the fibrillce sometimes assuming the form
of fibrous squamulae, tough, equal, brown within towards the base, solid.
Taste pleasant. My specimens are quite smooth, like those described
by Persoon.

243. A. radicosus, Bull, (rooting slimy Agaric); pileus
carnose smooth pallid, stem solid clothed with transverse scales,
incrassated and rooting at the base. Bull. t. 160. Pers. Syn,
p. 266. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 242.

Woods. Aug. — Oct. Probably not uncommon. Lytchett, Dors.
Fineshade, King's Cliffe, Norths.— Tufted. Pileus convex, 3 inches
or more broad, fleshy, the whole covered at first with a slimy web
which leaves behind broad adpressed scales on the stem and pileus ;
besides these there are many fine close silky scales, pallid-ochre,
margin downy involute. Gills incarnato-ferruginous, pale, adnate.

Affaricus.] ruNGi. 9l

(scarcely rounded in my specimens) nearly horizontal, minutely ser-
rulate. Sporidis oval, incarnato-feiruginous. Stem 4 inches high,
1 inch thick, deeply rooting, firm, solid, white within; rincf thick,
suberect, beneath tlie slimy coat silky and furfuraceous ; above the ring
pruinose. Odour resembling that of prnssic acid. Taste at first
pleasant, but soon disagreeable. — A very distinct and remarkable spe-
cies, perbaps more properly belonging to the subgenus Ni/xaciian.
The length ot" the stem in my specimens is much greater than in those
figured by BuUiard, and the gills are not rounded. The Northampton-
shire specimens resemble his figiu-e more than those fi-om Dorsetshire;
the stem being bulbous and the scales more squarrose. This latter
point depends in great measure upon the quantity of the slimy coating
left upon the stem, when the pileus separates from the ring ; the
squarrose scales being seated beneath it.

244. A. aurivcllus, Balscli, {golden-fleece Agaric) ; compact,
pileus dull-yelloNv clothed with scattered adpressed scales, gills
rounded, stem solid fibrillose rootinji^. Batsch, Cont, \.f. 115.
Fr. S^st. 3Ij/c. v. 1. ;;. 242. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ, exs.yi. 19.

— A. fllamentosns, Sclicc^ff'. t. 209 A. villosus, Bolt. t. 42. —

A. pilosus, var. 2. With, v. 4. p. 161. — A. sguarrosus, var.

Pers. Syii. p. 2G8 ,'3. heteroclitus, excentric. — A. auraidio-fer-

rugijicKS, With. v. 4. p. 265. Fr. hid. Alph. p. 8.

Trunks of trees, especially birch and willow. Oct. — Nov. Near
Halifax. Bolton. AVoolhope, Herefordshire. Mr. Stachhonse. —
" Generally solitary. Pileus when young hemispheerical, 2 — 3 inches
broad, at length expanded, 4 inches or more; pallid, yellowish or
tawny. Gills fixed, very broad, plane, pallid-olive, at length ferruginous.
Stem hard, abrupt, various in length, incurved, subbulbous, whiti.^h,
within rhubarb-coloured at the base, veiled at the very apex." Fr. I. c.
Mr. Stackhouse considers Bolton's i)lant a variety of ^1. pilosus, Schcrff.
It is introduced here as A. aurircUus, on the authority of M. Fries, who,
however, pronounces the figure bad.

245. A. adiposusy Batscli, (viscid tam^y Agaric) ; crcspitosp,
pileus flesliy viscid dull-yellow clothed with concentric fer-
ruginous scales, gills at first yellow, stem squarrose thickened
at the base. Fi\ Syst. ISIyc. v. 1. ;;. 242 — A. squarrosusj
adiposus S^- imiiricatus, Jhdsch,/. 31, 113, 114.

Old stumjjs. Bigucn, Norths. Oct. 2. On ash. A single young
specimen. Jirr. M. ./. Bt-rkrhy. — Pileus convex, fiim, fleshy, the
margin thin, of a beautiful tawny, very viscid, snu)oth ami shiuiug with
a few siq)erficial darker scales ; remains of the woven ring attathcd to
the margin, (illls l)road, rounded behind, and adnnte with a tooth,
ferruginous; edge white. Stem c(|Uid, scarcely incrassated at the base,
solid, firm, brown below, yellowish above with tawny adpressed scales,
near the apex whiter and niore silky.

246. A. ftqunrrAftua, ISIiill. (srjifarrosc Agaric); ctt^spito^o,
j)ibMi< fleshy dry bright fcrniginou^^-saflVon, scales clo<?e revolufi*,
gills paHid-(dive then fcrnigiiu^us, stem squarrose attenuated
below. 77. Ban. t. 491. J\rs. Syn. p. 26H. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1. ;;. 213.-/1. floccosus, Schcrff. ^ 01. Curt. Bond. t. 264.

92 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

Sow. t 284. Purt. v. 2 c^ 3. n, 949. Grev, Scot, Crypt.

Fl. t. 2. FL Ed. p. 387 A. srpimnosus, Bull. t. 266. Purt.

v. 2 4* 3. n. 924. — A. Jioccosus, pilosus. With.

On trees. Aug. — Dec. Not uncommon. Densely tufted. — Pileus
2—5 inches broad, firm, convex, expanded, obtusely umbonate, yellow
clothed with rich brown scales ; fesh yellow near the surface. Gills
at first yellowish, then pale olive changing to ferruginous, broad
rounded behind and adnate or subdecurrent. Stem 3 — 7 inches high,
1 — 1 inch thick, at first pale then croceo-ferruginous, solid, pithy in the
centre, equal or attenuated at the base from the tufted mode of growth,
fibrillose and squarrose with reflexed scales ; above the ring very pale
yellow and smooth. Iting near the apex radiato-floccose, rich brown
inclining to orange. Odour disagreeable. — This species differs so much
in colour and degree of scaliness, that it is difficult sometimes to
recognise it. The gills too vary as in A. aureus. 1 have found it on
apple-trees, quite pale, destitute of an umbo, clothed with only a few
scattered scales, the gills emarginate ; and the stem not at all attenuated
at the base. Another state occurs in which the pileus is between grey
and ochraceous or yellow, minutely scaly and subviscose, the gills
quite yellow at first, and the stem with a few minute, reflexed scales. The
quotation by the Editor of the last edition of Withering, of ^. pilosuSy
Huds., is only equalled by his considering A. hulbosus. Sow. the same
as A. phalloides.

247. A. jidmmans^ Batscli, {rhidyarh- Agaric) ; csespitose,
pileus flesliy dry dull-yellow, scales scattered pilose, gills at first
yellow, stem equal squarrose. Batschy El.f. 30. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. l.p. 244. — A.rheoidcs, With. v. 4. p. 197. — A. rhabarbarinust
Pers. Syn. p. 271.

On stumps of hawthorn, alder, pine, &c. Sept. — Oct. Edgebaston.
Curdworth, Warw. Withering. lnverary,Dugaldstone,&c. Klotzsch,
in Hook. Herb.—'' Taste bitter. Smaller than the last, more elegant.
Pileus U— 3 inches broad, margin at first inflexed then repand ; scales
concentric, yellow, scarcely innate. Gills rather thin, close, adnate,
without a tooth, at length ferruginous. Stem 3 inches high, 2—3 lines
thick, stuffed, ac length hollow, yellow ; ring entire, close to the gills."
Fr. I. c— A most elegant species, retaining its characters admirably
when dried.— ^. luteus. Bolt, is considered by Fries the same as his
A. muricatus ; but it seems to me to be either the yellow state of
A. cepoestipes or some nearly allied species, consequently it is omitted
here.

248. A. midcibilis, Scliceff. {changeable stump Agaric) ; pileus
slightly fleshy smooth cinnamon turning pallid, gills subdecur-
rent close pale ferruginous, stem slender fistulose scaly.
Schceff. t. 9. With. V. 4. p. 252. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. I. p. 245.—
A. ocylophilus, Bull. t. 530. /. 2. Purt. v. 2 ^ 3. «. 944—
A. cmmdaris, Bull. t. 543./. O. P. — A. caudici^nis, Tratt. Essb.
Schw. t. E. Fung. Aust. f. 14 — b. stem fibrillose. — A. mar-
ginatus, 77iutabilis, Batsch,/. 207, 208.

On stumps, &c. May— Nov. Not common, a, Edgebaston.
Withering. Oversley. Purton. Loch Laggan, Inverary, Klotzsch, in
Hook. Herb. Laxton, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley — b. Biggen.

A ff (trials. ] rUNGI. 93

Cotterstock, Norths. — Very variable in size ; fasciculate. Pihus ex-
panded, obtuse, cinnamon, becoming pale when dry ; centre of the
pileus at length bright tawny, (juite smooth, the margin thin transparent ;
flesh white. Gi//s broad, rounded behind or subdecurrent, pale uniber.
Stem slender, fistulo.se, dark-brown, smooth above or minutely pul-
verulent and pale, below squamulose ; ?-i/i(j woven, suberect. In the
variety, which is eatable according to Trattinnick, the stem is attenuated
upwards, fibrilloae below the ring, furfuraceous above it : ring sometimes
deflexed and striate. A. xijlvphihis, Suw. and A. mutabilis, Grev., I
am inclined to think are A. furfuraccas.

Subgenus 21. MyxACiUM ; (ivom 'x-o'i^a, slime.) Veil universal^
viscid, fugacious. Stem stuff td, stout, long, ecfud, soft, clotJud
with the viscid veil, which brecd(s up into transverse Jluccoso-
yelatinous scales, Pilens smooth, viscid. Gills easily starting
away from the stem, subdecurrent, rather thick, at length obscurely
ferruginous Large solitary fungi, growing on the ground.

249. A. collinitns. Sow. (slime-coatcd Agaric) ; pileus fleshy
even oruuge-tawny, gills pui-plisli then ferruginous or cinnauioii,
stem broken transversely into bluish gelatinous scales. Soio,
t 9. With. V. 4. p. 2U7. Purt. v. 3. 7i. 1428. Pers. Syn.
p. 281. Fr. Syst. Nye. v. 1. /;. 2-18. — A. mucosus, Bull. t. 59G.
f. 1. /. 549. A. B. C. — A. senescens, Batsch, f 197. — /3. inucosus,
stouter, gills dirty-white then ferruginous, stem firm even white
somewhat silky. ' Bull. t. 549. D. K. F.

Woods. July — Nov. — Gills and ston sometimes pnri)li>h, sometimes
without any j)ur|)le tint, except when very young. Pib-us ;) inches
broad, expanded, very slimy, shining when dry, tawny-ochraceons ;
margin thin. Gdls broad, ventricose, rounded behind and adnate with
a tooth connected by veins, distant. Sj)oruh'S ferruginous. Stem 4
inches high, '^ of an inch thick, solid, white within except at tlie base,
which is rhubarb-colunreii ; without covered below with a white silky
slin)y coat broken transversely into scales, beneath which it is rhubarb-
coloured ; fibrillose above the obsolete ring.

2.50. A. eldtvs, Datseh, (t(dl slimy Agaric) ; pileus subcarnose
pliealo-rugose dirty-ochre, gills br<»wuish-ferrugiu<»us, ^tem very
long clothed with wiiile scales. Batsch, Cunt. '2. f It^t?. l\rs.
Syn.j). 032. Fr. Syst. Nye. v. 1. ;;. 248.

Woods. Aug. — Nov. I^robably notmuommon. King's CI ifl'c. Norths.
]iti\ M. J. Ihrht by. — Pibus 4 inches broad, ilirty-ociire or liviil-ycllow ,
viscid when moist, thick in the centre, margin very thin, deej»ly plicate.
Gills '\ of an inch broad, dirty-ferruginous, connected and traver^ed
by veins, tliick, rather distant, adnate, ventricose. Ston '> inchc:; high,
r inch thick, attenuated at both ends, (jnite smooth below for two
inches as if varnished, white with a slight tinge of violet, above rough
with adprosseil s:(|naiinda'. ISometimes the stem is of a delicate violet,
quite smooth up to the ring, above fibrillose.

Sul)genus 22. IIeiikloma ; (from r,-jr„ dinrn, and /.ru/zr/, a
^'ringc.) Veil marginal, floccosv, dry, thin fugacious (sometimes

94 rUNGl. [Agaricus,

quite obsolete as in some Tricliolomata). Stem Jihroso-squamose,
Pileusjieshy, convex then plane, smooth, even, viscid when moist.
Gills emarginate or roimded, close, ivatery, cinnamon. Sporules
ferrugineo- argillaceous, rather pale, — Growing on the ground,
fcetid, poisonous.

251. A. faslibilis, Pers. (^strong-scented Agaric); strong-
scented, pileus subrepand opaque, stem white squamulose,
sporules subargillaceous. Pers. Sijn. p. 326. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. \.p. 249. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. \. p. 172. — A. gilvus, Schceff.
t. 221.— A. crustuliniformis, Bidl. t. 308, 546. Sihth. Fl. Ox.
p, 348. With. V. p. 211. — A. laterinus, suhtestaceus, clavus,
Putsch,/. 195, 198, \99.—A. graueoleiis, Sow. t. 281.

Woods, pastures, &c. July — Oct. Every where. — Densely gregarious
or solitary. Pileus 1 — 3 inches broad, viscid ; moist or dry, very fleshy,
though sometimes only subcarnose, subhemisphpcrical, sometimes rugoso-
plicate, in large specimens ochraceous with a rufous tinge, the margin
pale, involute and downy. Gills broad, the edges often lachrymose,
ventricose, adnexed, emarginate or adnate rather irregular, subargil-
laceous or cinnamon. Sporules elliptic. Stem 2—41 inches high,
2 lines — 1 inch thick, subbulbous or nearly equal, somewhat rooting,
clothed with scattered fibrillose scales, especially towards the apex,
often twisted, at length hollow. Odour disagreeable, somewhat resem-
bling that of the flowers o( Prunus Lauro-cerasus, or Sida pulchella. —
A most abundant and variable species, in general easily recognised by
its peculiar odour, but specimens occur sometimes quite scentless.
A. gilvus, Schoeff". is represented as having a veil, and it is so described
by Fries ; but 1 have never been able to detect any in the earliest stage
of growth, nor is there the slightest trace of any in Bulliard's excellent
figures. His account of its mode of growth is admirable : — " Nothing,"
he says, " can be more curious than the manner in which this Agaric is
disseminated on the ground ; sometimes round the foot of a tree, but
at the distance of 8 or 10 feet ; sometimes in the middle of a pasture ;
sometimes in the centre of a forest you fall in with prodigious colonies
forming very regular rings of greater or less size, or, as it were,
undulating paths two or three hundred feet in length and one in
breadth, in which they grow five or six deep and so close together
that though thousands are visible, you cannot see a single stem." —
A. crustuliniformis, Purt. seems to belong to A. mutabilis.

Subgenus 23. Flammula ; (from Jlammula, a little flame, in
allusion to the more or less yellow colour of the species.) Veil
marginal^ fibrillose, very fugacious, not glutinous. Stem stuffed
when young, at length generally hollow, not bulbous, firm, fibrillose.
Pileus fleshy, convexo-expctnded, even, generally smooth, dry or
viscid. Flesh not thick but firm. Gills not emarginate. — Gre-
gariouSyfirm, subccespitose, rather bitter, yellowish fungi.

252. A. fldvidus, Schoeff. (dirty-yellow Agaric) ; caespitose,
pileus even dirty-yellow, gills adnate yellow then ferruginous,
stem fibrillose. Scha>ff. t, 35. With, v, 4.;;. 193. Pers, Syn,

Ayarlcus.-] FUNGI. 95

p. 295. Fr. Sf/st. Myc. v. 1. ji. 250.—^. iesfaceus, Huds. FL
Ang.p' 615. {not of With.) — A. lignatilis, Bull. t. 554./. 1.

Trunks of trees, especially of pine. Aug. — Nov. Packington Park,
Warvv. Withering. — " Very various in size. Pilcus obtuse, 1 — '1 inches
or more broad, never viscid, when moist dirty-yellow. Gills obtusely
adnate. Veil web-like, sometimes forming a ring. Stem stuffed, some-
times hollow, ferruginous at the base, sometimes attenuated." Fr. I. c.

253. A. inopus, Fr. (hroivn-yelloio Agaric); subcrespitose,
pileus even smooth yellowish, gills fixed yellow, stem stuffed
librillose pallid. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 252. — A. radicate-
rajnosKS, Bolt. t. 148. — A. coiinatus, With. v. 4. p. 194.

Plantations. Autumn. Fixby, Darlington. Bolton. Packington.
Withering. — Pilens J? — 2 inches broad. P'cil fugacious. Stc7n 3 inches
high, { an inch thick.

254. A. sapineus, Fr. (Jir Agaric) ; pileus carnose yellowisli,
gills fixed dirty-white inclining to yellow, here and there
tawny-cinnamon, stem subsolid striate pale. Br. Syst. Myc.

V. 1. /;. 239. Bl. 1. p. 31 j3. hyhridus ; pileus convex moist

orange or tawny, gills dull-yellow, stem more or less hollow.
A. hybridus, Sow. t. 221. IFook. in Bl. Lond. cum ic.

Epping Forest. li>ept. — Oct. Soicerhy. — A.jlavidiis, Sow. t. 36G,
is also, according to Fries in his Ind. A/j)h., a variety of this species.

255. A. lentus, Pers. (tough Agaric); dirty-white, pileus
even viscid, gills adnate, stem stufi^'ed scaly. Bers. Syn. ]). 287.
Br. Syst. Myc. v. 1. />. 253.

On the ground, branches, &c. Sept. — Nov. Scotland. Khtzsrh,
in Jfooh. Herb. — " Gregarious, subcaespitosc. Pdeus 2 — 3 inches broad,
j)lane, obtuse, very glutinous in wet weather, varying with a yello\si.>h
or pallid-liviil hue. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, at length hollow." Fr. I. c.

Subgenus 24. Inocvbe ; (from rj, [\//brr, and y.-j^r,, n head.)
Veil rery fugacious, arising from the fd>rill(C of the pileus. Stem
solid, rarely hollow, subetjual, Jirm, clothed with small scales or
Jibrilld', distinct from the pileus. Bileus more or less fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, at length expanded, suhvmbonate, dry,
firm, silhy or scaly from the longitudinal innate f/brillw. Gills
properly free, but <ften adnexedfrom the altered form of the pihvs,
close, rentricose, dirty-white often changing colour, often dinticulate
or with the margin of a dij/'e?'ent colour. — Middle-sized or snudl
fungij growing on the ground.

25G. A. flbrnsus, Sow. (fibrous Agaric); pileus slightly
fleshy even yellowish, niargin cracked ilexuous, gills free, strm
long solid fibroso-s((uamose above. Sow. t. 414. — A. npandus,
Br. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 255. Jnd. Alph. p. 19.

I*inc-woods. July — iiv\)t. Kcynston, Dors. Miss Rat In tt. — "/'//«'/.«
3 inches broad, Hcshy especially in tlu* di.>k, cami)anulatc, irregular,
longitudinally rimose, silky, dingy. 6'///^ semilanccolatc, -J— 3 lines

96 FUNGI. [Agariacs.

broad, pallid. Stem 2 inches or more high, 3 lines thick, equal, striate,
dirty-white. Odour nauseous." Fr. I. c.

257. A. pyriodorus, Pers. (^pear-scented Agaric); pileus
flesliy umbonate fibrillose subsquamose pallid, gills adnexed,
stem' fibrous. Pers, Syn. p, 300. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 255.

A. furfuraceiis, Bid'l. t. 532. f. 1. — A. pallidas, Sow. t. 365

(yar.)

Woods and gardens. Sept. — Oct. Scotland, Klotzsch, in Hook.
Herb. Canterbury. Winkbourn, Notts. Rev, M. J. Berkeley. —
Pileus H — 3 inches broad, broadly and strongly umbonate, the margin
at lengtha little turned up, fibrilloso-squamulose ; fleshy, pallid-umber.
Gills adnexed, ventricose, pale. Stem 2—3 inches high, 4 lines thick
(solid in my specimens and in Bulliard's figure), fibrillose, white, when
bruised somewhat of the same hue as the pileus. Veil very fugacious.
Odour penetrating, like that of rotten pears or Hyacinthus racemosus.

258. A. scaler, Miill. (ragged-stemmed Agaric) ; pileus carnose
obtuse squamose pallid subfuliginous, gills nearly free, stem
solid fibrillose. FL Dan. t. S-32.f. 3. Sow. t. 207. Pers. Sy7i,
p. 301. Part. V. 3. n. 1447. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 255.

Grev. FL Ed. p. 388.

Shady woods on the ground. Rare. Oversley and Ragley. Purton.
Foxhail near Edinburgh. Wauch ^' Greville. Kirriemuir. Klotzschy
in Hook. Herb. — " Plltus h — 1 inch broad, campanulate, subumbonate,
dingy greyish-brown, scaly." Gills pale dingy-brown, rather numerous,
nearly free. Stem 1 — U inch high, 2—3 lines thick, solid, whitish,
fibrillose, furnished with' a bark-hke external coat. Sometimes sub-
gregarious." Grev. I. c.

259. A. relicinus, Fr. (fleshy downy Agaric) ; pileus flesliy
conic expanded squarroso-tomentose dingy as well as the solid
fibrillose stem, gills adnate yellowish. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 256.

In marshy Fir-woods amongst Sphagna. July— Sept. Kinnordy.
Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.—'' Gregarious. Pileus at first conic-obtuse,
4 lines high, then expanded, 1 inch or more broad. Gills close,
alternate, at length dingy-olive. Stem 2 inches high, 2 lines thick."
Fr. I.e.

260. A. plumosus, Bolt, (feathery Agaric) ; pileus subcarnose
liemisphoerical mouse-coloured and squarrose with scales as well
as the solid long slender stem, gills nearly free. Bolt. t. 33.
With. V. 4. p. 176. Pers. Syn. p. 347. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.

p. 256.

Woods. Ovenden near Halifax, Bolton. A\\^.— Pileus H inch
broad, thickly covered with little downy tufts. Stem 4 inches high,
1 line or more thick.

261. A. lamiginosns^ Bull, (downy Agaric); pileus subcarnose
hemispbaerical clothed ^yith downy scales brownisb-fawn colour,
gills free pallid as well as the solid fibrillose stem. Bidl. t. 370.
With. V. 4. p. 212. Purf. v. 3. n. 1456. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1.

Agaricns.] FUNGI. 97

p. 257. El. 1. p. 32. — Fungus minor ^ S^c. Vaill. Par. p. 67.
t. 13.y. 4 — 6. — A. cervicolor, Pers. Ic. pict. t. S.f. 4.

Woods near pathways. July — Sept. Packington. Withering,

Arrow, Oversley. Purton. Glasgow. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.

" Inodorous. Pileus 1 inch or less broad, campanulato-convex, obtuse
then expanded, subumbonate, clothed with close squamulose squar-
rose down, which at length becomes obsolete and leaves the pileus
yellowish. Flesh of the pileus and^steni dirty-white. Gills broad,
ventricose, close, pallid at length brownish. Stem 1^ — 2 inches high,
1 — 2 lines thick, equal, tough, covered with brown fibrillose down, the
apex minutely pruinose." Fr. EL I. c.

262. A.JiocculosuSt Berk, (hrown-fawn Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnoseumbonatesericeo-squamulose, gills adnata, stem fibrillose
squamulose at the apex.

Pastures, amongst grass or on the naked soil. Barnby in the Willows,
Notts. Sept. Pev. M. J. Berhelci/.— Pileus 1 inch broad, convex,
subcampanulate, umbonate, sericeo-squamulose, brownish-fawn colour ;
the margin smoother ; veil white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills at first
pale-fiiwn, at length dull-ferruginous ; ventricose, arched behind and
then adnate but not broadly so, the margin white. Stem \\ inch high,
2 lines thick, fibrillose, pale-fawn; beneath the fibrilhe brown, the apex
minutely squanuiloso-pulverulent. Odour like that of new meal, but
nauseous. — On the naked soil, the characters arc as described above;
amongst grass the pileus is smoother, more tawny, rimoso-sericeous ;
gills not arcuate behind but broadly adnate. — Very nearly allied to the
last and to A. lacerus, Fr.

2G3. A. rimosus, Bull, {chinhj Agaric); pileus carnose cam-
panulate at length expanded riinose brownish-yellow, gills
adnexed, stem solid, apex clothed with white mealy scales.
Bull t. 388. 599. Soiv. t. 323. With. v. 4. p. IBS, Pers.
Syn. p. 310. Purt v. 2 S^ 3. n. 927. Fr. Sijst. Mrjc. v. 1.
p. 258. Grev. FL Ed. p. 388. Grev. Sc, Crypt. Fl. t. 128.—
A. aurivenias^ Patsch, Cont. \.f. 107.

Woods and waste places. .Tune — Sept. Very common. — Subgre-
garious. Pileus 1 — 2 inches broad, shining, satiny with adj)rcsscd
fibrilhe, brown-yellow, at first cainpanulate then nearly plane and
umbonate, cracked in a radiate maimer, the inner substance appearing
through the cracks of a yellow hue ; sometimes the cj)idermis cracks
concentrically and the lower edge of the cracked portions is reflected
so as to present a squarrosc appearance, (tills ventricose, adnexed,
at first nearly white, the margin opaque, then olivaceous with the
margin white and crenate. Sporulcs elliptic, ferruginous. Stun
H — '1\ inches high, composed of fibres, distinct from the pileus, sub-
bulbous, nearly white, fibrillose at the base, clothed above with white
mealy scales. — Specimens occur of a yellow tinge, with very few cracks ;
and sometimes the stenj is nearly as ilark as the pileus.

264. A. Hoohvri, K\otz^c]), ( pur/de-gill, d hra)iuy Agaric);
pileus suhnuMubrauaccous olituso umbonate clothed witii l)rauny
scales, gills purple adnexed at length cinnamon, stenj shining-
purple pruinose. Klotzsch^ MS,

H

98 FUNGI. [Affariem.

Flower-pots. April— Oct. Botanic Garden, Glasgow, il/r. Joseph
D. Hooker.—'' Pileus 5—8 lines broad, fawn-coloured, centre umber.
Gills 1 — U line broad, beautiful purple, at length cinnamon. Veil
floccoso-fibrillose, very fugacious. Stem 1— U inch high, ^ a line
thick, fistulose, shining-purple, pruinose with fawn-coloured meal."
Klotzsch, MS.

265. A. geopJiyllns, Bi\\\. (earthy -gilled Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose conic then expanded umbonate silky, gills adnate,
stem stuffed slender covered with white meal. Bull. t. 522.

/. 2. Sow. t. 124. Pers. Sy7i. p. 340. Purt. v. 2 8^^.n. 929.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v.\. p. 288. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 388.— J. ileO'

podius, Bull. t. 578. L A. inodorus, Bull. t. 524. /. 2. —

A. affinis, Pers. Ic. Sf Desc. t. I. f. 1. — A. auricomus, Batschy
Elf. 21. With. V. 4. p. 220.

Woods. July — Nov. Very common.— P/76'?<'S \ — 1 inch broad,
umbonate, at length sublnverted, white, lilac, brownish, yellowish, &c.,
.satiny, often rimose. Gills adnate or adnexed, ventricose, earthy not
cinnamon, the margin white, subdentate. Stem 1 — 3 inches high,
1 — 2 lines thick, flexuous, equal or subbulbous, firm, very minutely
farinaceous above, solid, but the inner substance less compact. Odour
strong and disagreeable.

Subgenus 25. Naucoria ; (from 7iaucus, the peel of a ?iii(.)

Veil homogeneous ivilh the scjuamulose epidermis, very fugacious.

Stem suhjistulose, equal, slender, squamulose, icithin jiocculose,

Pileus carnoso -membranaceous, covered with innate squamidce or

Jihrillce. Gills cinnamon. — Small, gregarious, epiphyte Fungi.

266. A, erindceus, Fr. {small woolly Agaric); small, pileus
carnoso-membranaceous umbilicate floccoso-squamose umber-
ferruginous, gills adnate, stem fistulose incurved hairy. Fr,
El. i. p. 33. Lid. Alph. p. 26.— A. lanatus, Sow. U 417.
Purt. Mid. Fl. V. 3. n. 1454. — A. aridus, Pers. 3Iyc. Eur. v. 3.
p. 193.

On dead branches. Aug.— March. Rare. On sloe. Mount Edge^
cumbe, Soicerhij. On oak. Purton. — " Small, solitary, persistent ; stem.
slightly fistulose (pithy. Sow.), adnate on the epidermis of branches
by a dilated base clothed with white pubescence, not originating beneath
it as in A. tiiberculosus, incurved, equal, about 4 lines high, scarce 1 line
thick, umber-ferruginous. Pileus subcarnose, disk umbilicate, (not in
Sow. fig.) ^ an inch broad, scaly with very dense fasciculate locks,
umbrinoferruginous ; margin at first involute. Gills rather broad, not
close, adnate." Fr. El. I. c.

267. A, furfardceus, Pers. {branny Agaric) ; gregarious,
pileus subcarnose then umbilicate scaly or silky, gills sub-
decurrent cinnamon, stem fistulose branny, Pers. Syn, p. 454.
Fr. Syd. Myc. v. 1. p. 262. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 161.—
A. jmlveru lentils, Schceff. t. 226. — A. aylophilus. Sow. t. 167.
^A. mutabilis, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 387.

Hedges, gardens, cS:c., on sticks. The whole year. Very common.— •

Agaricus.] fungi. 99

Pileus ^ — 1 inch broad, subcarnose, at first convex, at length expanded,
often iinibilicate, rich-umber, or cinnamon when moist, margin trans-
parent, sprinkled especially towards tiie margin with white fibrillte or
little branny scales, when dry white or reddish-tan. GUIs broad, sub-
decurrent, moderately distant, pale cinnamon. Sporuhs elliptic, pale
ferruginous. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, 1 — 2 lines thick nearly equal, or
slightly thickened at the base, flexuous, fistulose, fibrillose or furfura-
ceous. Taste not unpleasant. It is very doubtful whether ^. ui';/-
darius. With., quoted by Fries, is this species. It seems rather to be
A, meliiioichs.

268. A. inquUinus^ Fr. {dark- stemmed branny Agaric) ; pileus
suLmeinbranaceous umbonate striate brownish, Avheii dry even
turning- pale, gills adnate triangular ferruginous-brown, stem
short tough reddish-brown. Fr, Sijst. Myc. v. I. p. 2G4.
Pers. Mijc. Eur. v. 3. p. 165. — ;3. srpiarridosus ; stem squarrose
with scaly fibrillar. A. srjuarrosas, Bull. t. 538./. 3. Fr. El.
l.jy. 39.

/3, Apethorpc. Norths. Sept. Upon moss. — Not always umbonate.
Pdeus 3 — G lines broad. Stem 1 inch or more high, minutely
fistulose, daik-umber with white fibrillae and scales, — This species is
placed by Fries in a new Tribe, Phaotus, but for the present I leave it
and the other species, as they were at first arranged by him in the Syst.
Myc.y till \ shall have had leisure for an extended examination of the
sporules of this and the two neighbourings scries.

Subgenus 26. Galera ; (from galea ^ a helmet.) Veil Jloccose*
very fugacious, hut present in all the species. Stem Jistulose, cqua
or attenuated upwards, slender, distinct from the pileus, in genera
pruiuose or Jibrillose, seldom naked. Pileus membranaceous, conic^
soon campunulate, seldom more expanded, when moist substriatCy
when dry even, tuj'ni?ig pale, destitute of adnate scabs or Jibrillcc.
Gills adnexcd or adnate. — Slender brittle Fungi, mostly growing
on the ground.

2G9. A. Cticuiuis, Pers. (cucumber-scented Agaric) ; pileus
rarnoso-membrunaceous brojidly cauipanulato even bay-brown
turning pale, gills adnexed ventricose pallid, stem brown-black.
Pers. Syn. p. 316. Pr, Syst. 3Iyc. v. I, p. 231. El. \. p. 34.
—/J. 7iigripes, Sow. t. 344.

Woods, gardens, $:c. Oct. Costesscy near Norwicli. Soirerln/.
Kiirienuiir. Klolzsch, in Ilooh. JItrlt. — ''Pdeus 1 — IV inch broati,
even, smooth, when moist bay-brown with a purplish tinge, jjale about
the margin ; when dry fawn-oolourcil or tan. iidU very ventricose,
close, distinct, dirty-white with somewhat of a sattlon tint. Sporuhs
ferruginous. Stem \\ — 2 inches high, 1 — \\ line thick, attenuated
ilownwuiils, firm, smooth, hollow, pale at tiie apex. (>^/o//;- exactly that
of fresh cucumber." Pr. PL I. c. — Formerly placed by Fries iu
Dermocybc, but he is now of opinion that it is a true Cudera,

270. A. laterinus, (later id us) Fr. (cinnamon-gillcd tender
Agaric) ; pileus submembrauaceoiH even ferruginous turnin<j
pale, gills nearly free cinnamon, stem long smooth diity-wiiite.

100 rtiNni. [Agaricus,

Fr, SijsL Myc. v. 1. p. 265. Fl. Dan, t. 1846./. ^,— Bulla
lateritia, Baft. p. 58. t. 28. T.

Dungy ground, about woods. July — Oct. Fineshade, Norths —
Pileus and stem more ferruginous than in A. tener. Gills much more
ferruginous, inclining to cinnamon ; spomles larger and darker. — As
there is another A. lateritius in the tribe HypJioloma, it is necessary
to change the name, as it seems scarcely permissible so long as Agaricus
is regarded as one large genus to have the same specific name in
different tribes.

271. A. tener ^ Schoeff. {tender Agaric) ; pileus obtuse striate
•when moist when dry even ocliraceous, gills linear adnate, stem
long straight. Schceff. t. 70. Soiu. t. 33. Pers. Syn, p. 386.
Purt, V. 3. n. 1462. " Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. \. p. 265. Pers. Myc.
Eur. V. 3. p. 279. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 389.—A.forami?iulosus^
Bull. t. 535./. 1, 403. B. C.

In pastures, about dunghills, &c. May — Nov. — Pileus 1 inch high
and broad, subcarnose, campanulate or conico-campanulate, smooth,
shining, ochraceous when dr}'. Gills pale-ferruginous, ascending, more
or less adnate, ventricose or sublinear, margin white, subserrulate.
Stem 3 — 5 inches high, H line thick, striate, pulverulento-fibrillose,
not brittle, bulbous at the base. — It is not always easy to distinguish
between this species and some states of A. melinoides. Sowerby's
figure is very good. A. colus. With., referred by Fries to his A. apalus^
probably is not different ; the individual in Sowerby's plate to which
reference is made, being clearly nothing more than an altered state of the
species from being drawn up amongst long grass.

272. A. meliiioides, Bull, (yellowish Agaric) ; pileus obtuse
margin striate ochraceous inclining to light-red turning pale,
gills fixed ventricose paler as well as the pruinose stem,
Bull. t. 560. /. \. F. H. Pers. Syn, p. 387. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc.
V. ]. p. 266. Pers, Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 280. — A. lachrymalisy
With. V. 4. p. 224. Purt. v. 3. 7i. 1460.

Lawns and pastures. Oct. Very common. — Pileus 2 lines to 1 inch
broad, submembranaceous, umbonate, when moist tawny, margin
pellucid, ochraceous or whitish when dry. Gills very variable, adnexed
or broadly adnate, ventricose, at first paler than the pileus, at length
cinnamon. Stem 1 — 2 inches high, scarce 1 line thick, fistulose,
fibrillose above, subpruinose thickened below and downy, changing
colour. The gills remain bright.

273. A. hypnorum, Schrank, (moss Agaric); pileus cam-
panulate subpapillatc, when moist sulcate subochraceous turning
pale, gills adnate rather broad distinct, stem wavy pruinose.
Pers. Sy7i. p. 385. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. I. 2^- '2Q7. ' Grev. FL
Ed. p. 389. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. ;;. 277 — A. Acicida, Soiv.

t. 282 A. campamdatus, Schceff. t. 63. — A. hypiii, Batsch,

Cont. 1./ 96.—^. melinoides, Bull. t. 560./. 1. C.E.

Amongst moss, especially in woods. July — Nov. Not uncommon.
— Pileus 2 — 3 lines broad, conico-campanulate, of a beautiful tawn}'-
brown when moistj or sometimes reddish, the striate margin only when

Arjarkus.] FUNGI. 101

dry retaining its original hue, tlie rest pale ; flesh thick in the centre
turning pale like the pileus. Gills ventricose, achiexed or adnate,
tawny, rather broad. Ste?)i 1 inch high, filiform, minutely fistulose,
paler than the pileus, pruinose. — A variable species, of which Fries has
five, and Persoon six varieties. The differences of this and the two
foregoing species are thus given by Fries in his Elenchus, v. \.p. S5.
A. tcner has the stem straight ; pileus conic ; gills linear ascending.
A, melinoides has a subflexuous, unequal, pruinose, paler stem ; pileus
carnoso-membranaceous ; gills triquetrous. A. Jnjpnonnn has the stem
yet more flcxuous, flexible, pruinose ; the pileus campanulate subpa-
pillate, and the gills distant and broader.

Subgenus 27. Tapixia ; (from ra-r/^ow, to depress.) Veil
marginal, villous, fugacious. Stem equal somewhat diffused into
the pileus. Pileus more or less fleshy, even, naked, when young
plano-convex, the margin villous and i?ivolute ; then depressed,
broadly iimhilicate. Gills adnato-decurrent, rather close.

274. A. involutus, Batscli, (involute Agaric ) ; compact, pileus
depressed dirty-ferruginous, margin involute downy, gills
dichotomous pore-shaped at tlie base, stem blunt. — a. regular,
growing on the ground. Batsch, Cont. 1. /. 61. Pers. Syn,
p. 448. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 271. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. J389.
Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. p. 02. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ. exs. 7i. 20.

— A. lateralis, Schceff. t. 72 A. contiguus, Bull. t. 240, 576.

/. 2. Soio. t. 98. Purt. v. 2 (S' 3. n. 911.—^. adsccndens,

Bolt. (Arr. p. xxxi.) t. 55 A. adustus. With. v. 4. p. 167. var.

Purl. V. 2 c*^' 3. n. 916. — b. subexcentric, growing on stumps.
A. cyathiformis, Schceff. t. 252. — A. lateralis, Schceff. t. 71.

Woods. July — Nov. Common. — Pileus 3 — 5 inches broad, wavy,
tawny or yellow-ferruginous, when moist slimy, uneven ; margin
involute and downy, the extreme edge striate from the pressure of the
gills ; Jiesh thick firm, at first pale but changing to dirty-umber on
exposure to the air as does every part of the plant when bruised.
Black when dried. (Hills pale yellow-ferruginous, wavy, forked,
decurrent, poriform behind, easily separating from the pileus. Stem
2 — ;J inches high, i — 1 inch or more thick, blunt, but sometimes
attenuated below, tomentoso-squamulosc, firm, solid. A. adsrrtuhns.
Bolt., is a not very unconnnon state of the plant, with an elongated
incurved stem from growing out of a steep bank. The gills of this
species separate from the pileus like the pores of a Jiolrtus, to which
it approaches in habit, and consist evidently of one beautifully and
most intricately [)licate membrane. A. jiratnisis presents a somewhat
similar ph.'L'uomenon, but one indicating rather a relation of analogy
than of affinitw Persoon, however, is of opinion that the peculiarity
would be sulfuient to warrant the pro|)osnl of a new gcinis if more
species should be found agric ing in this respect, and snizgests the name
Ithymovis. It must be observed, however, that the habit oi A. pratrmis
and A. involutus is very different.

iSubgenus 28. CiiKPiDorrs; (from y.^r,ri:, a slipper, and c-j;, nn
car.) VcU very thin, fibrillosc. Pileus unequal, cxccntric or

J02 FUNGI. [Agaricus,

lateral. Gills unequal, changing colour, Sporuks suhferruginoUSj
subargillaceouSf or reddish.

275. A. panuoides, Fr. {downy hranched-gilled Agaric);
pileus fleshy sessile doAvny, gills crisped and branched yellow.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 273. — Meridius lamellosus. Sow. t. 403.
— A. heteroclitus, Pers. Myc. Eur. p. 24. — A, mollis, Johnst, FL
Fretv. V. 2. p. 109. t. 7.

Fir-trunks, cellars, &c. Charlton, Kent. Lady Wilson. Berwick.
Johnston. Spondon, Derhyshire. Rev. R. T. Lowe. Cotterstock,
Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus 1 — 4 inches broad, white, often
tinged with violet, very soft to the touch in consequence of the fine
matted silky pubescence with which it is clothed : either perfectly
sessile, or furnished with a spurious stem which is silky like the pileus
and most beautifully tinged with violet. Gills variously anastomosing
and wrinkled, yellow, with abundant oval ferruginous sporules. Fries'
plant appears to be more regular and obovate, and a specimen from
Dr. Johnston before me accords in this particular. Persoon agrees
with him in supposing it a state of ^. mollis, its differences being due
to its growing in perfect darkness, but then this is not the case with
A. panuoides, Fr. The same notion struck me upon gathering it, but
it differs not merely in the altered state of the gills, but in the beauti-
fully tomentose pileus often tinged with violet, and above all in the
minute hairs with which the gills are beset, and upon which the
sporules are often seated as upon the spiculae in A. prumdus. To
this circumstance the glandular appearance represented in Sowerby's
figure is owing. When cup-shaped and resupinate it is Gomphus
pezizoides, Pers,

276. A. mollis, Schoeff. (soft sfemless Agaric); pileus sub-
sessile even flaccid pallid, gills watery-umber. Schceff. t. 213.

/. 1. Sow. t. 98, With. V. 4. p. 267. Pers. Syn. p. 480.
Purt. V. 2 ^^ 3. 71. 978. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 274. Pers.
Myc. Eur. v. 3. jj. 24. — A. canescens, Fatsch, El.f. 38.

On timber, stumps, posts, &c. July — Oct. Common — Solitary or

' imbricated, Pileus 1 — 2 inches or more broad, at first horizontal,
subgelatinous, the base tomentose or substrigose, margin transparent,
minutely tomentose ; then ascending, subfulvous, pallid when dry, the
margin waved, sometimes minutely squamulose, often stained with the
elliptic ferruginous sporules. Gills rounded behind, thin, watery-
umber, at first saturated with moisture, then dry and crisp.

277. A. haustelldris, Fr. (heahed Agaric); pileus renlform
villous pallid-tan, gills rounded ferruginous, stem lateral white
attenuated upwards, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 274. Pers. 3Iyc.

Eur. V. 3. 2?. 27 A. Plurstedtensis, Fatsch, Cont. 1. p. 171.

/. 124. — A. resupinatus, With. v. A. p. 267.

On decayed wood, overgrown with short moss. Autumn. Packing-
ton, Warw. Withering. — " Pileus ^ an inch or more across, slightly
fleshy. Stem 2 — 4 lines long, villous, when young ascending." Fr. I. c.

278. A. Fuhif Berk, (bramble Agaric) ; pileus fleshy clothed
with very minute crystalline meal, gills adnato-decurreiit

J^aricus.] FUNGI. 103

slightly ventricose, stem incurved solid minutely stiigose at the
base.

On sticks, especially of bramble. Aug. Margate. JRev. M. J,
Berkeley.— Pileiis \ inch or more broad, at first regular with a short
stem, gradually becoming excentric and resupinate, of a yellowish or
livid-grey hue, pallid when old. GUIs rather distant, at first greyish, then
umber, edge pulverulent. Sporulcs umber. Stem very short, at first
straight, then incurved, solid, externally mealy, adhering by a little fine
down. — This species seems most nearly allied to A. hyssisedus, but is
certainly distinct.

279. A. varuibilis, Pers. (variable sessile Agaric); pileus
membranaceous resupinate then reflexed white clothed with
silky down, gills reddish-wliite. Pers. Sy7i. p. 483. Fr. Sysf.
Mi/c. V. 1. 2^. '275. Grcv. Sc. Crypt. Fl. 235. Pers. Myc. Eur.
v.'s. p. 28.-—^. 7iiveus, Soiv. t. 97. Purt. v. 2 4' 3. n. 979.—
A. sessilis, Bull. t. 152, 581./. 3. With. v. 4. p- 2G3.

Sticks, stalks and leaves in woods, &c. More or less the \n hole year.
Very common. — Pileus h — 1 inch broad, membranaceous, at first hemi-
sph;erical witli a short stem, soon resupinate and then again reflexed,
the stern becoming quite obsolete, white, covered with silky dov.n :
sometimes there is no stem at first, but the pileus is resupinate from
the earliest stage of growth. Sporulcs elliptic, rusty-pink. The cel-
lular tissue is a beautiful object under a powerful lens.

280. A. pezizoides, Nees, {Peziza-shaped Agaric) ; cnp-shaped
sessile olive-brown granulose externally, gills radiating. Kees,
Act. Nat. Cur. IX. p. 249. t. G.f. \S.'(Jidc Fries.) Fr. Sysf.
3Iyc. V. \. p. 27G. — A. Epixylon, jS. pezizoides, Pers. Jlyc. Fur,
V. 3. p. IG. — A. campaimlcEj'ormiSy Purt. v. 3. n. 1481. (Purt.
MSS.)

On rotten branches. Feb. Pophills. Mrs. Rufford.—" Gregarious,
fleshy, subgelatinous, 1 line high and broad, fixed at the base by very
delicate white fibres. Gills about 12, thick, ventricose. Ir. I. c.
Gills white to stone-colour ; margin subcrenatc, white and somewhat
cottony in young specimens." Purt. I. c.

Series V. Pratklla ; (from pratuw, pasture-ground.) ' Veil
not arachnoid. Gills changing colour, clouded, at length dis-
solving. Sporulcs broini-purple.*

Subgenus 29. Volvauia ; (so called from being furnished
with a rolra.) Veil single universal, distinct ; covering the whole
plant tclien young, at length torn and lolxd from the protrusion of
the stem. Pileus fleshy, canijiamihdCy then e.ipaneltd, silhy or
sli(fhlly viscid, distinct from the stem. Gills free, ventricose,
broeul, close, vncepial, changing colour, clouded. Gills vhite then
flesh-coloured, more or less eleli(jucsce?it. — Growing on rotten uvoel
or dung, principally in sumnuT.

* riif sporulcs arc almost losr-rolonrcd in A. /'<»»i/'vi «'im,<, A- JjOtetaHHg,
and H«<//;/,s; ami iVrniiiiiioiis in A. vitcllinus, JJoUonii, and tilulxins ; almost
blmk ill <.'i>i>rinajius aud i'opiinuf.

104 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

281. A, homhycinuSf SclioefF. (silhj ivrappered Agaric) ; pileus
silky white, gills flesh-coloured, stem solid incurved attenuated,
volva dark loose. Schceff. t. 98. Fr. Syst. 31yc. v. I. p. 277.
— Fungus magnus, Sfc.^ 3Iich. Nov. Gen. p. 188. t. 76. f. 1. —
Amanita ijicarnata, Pers. Syn. p. 248.

Inside of trees, stumps, &c., on touchwood. Aug. — Sept. Rare.
Near Wimbleton, on ehn (lime, Eng. Fung.) Sow. Herb. Thornhaugh,
Morehay Lawn, Norths, (on ash). Rev. M. J. Berhelei/ — Pileus
2 inches or more broad, at first entirely enclosed in a slimy dark volva,
at length protruded, campanulate, dirty-white, silky with yellowish-
white narrow silky scales, and marked frequently with a few dark
blotches the remains of the volva ; Jiesh whitish, firm, elastic, margin
involute. Gills numerous, close, ventricose, quite free, not reaching
to the margin, at first white, then rose-coloured with a tinge of yellow,
at length deliquescent, tinged with umber. Sporules elliptic. Ste7n
2| inches high, h an inch thick in the centre, firm, solid, thickest
downwards, the tough volva remaining like a cup at the base. — The
above description is taken from a young specimen. When at full
maturity the white of the pileus is purer and the pileus itself more
expanded. It is considered eatable.

282. A. volvdceus, Bull, (stove Agaric) ; pileus streaked with
adpressed hairs, gills reddish-flesh-colour, stem solid smooth
subequal, volva loose. Bull. t. 262. Sow. t. 1. With. v. 4.
p, 207. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 278. Boques, Hist, des Champ,
p. 141. Nov. Act. Phys. S^c, v. 16. p. 1. t. 6. 7 — Amanita
virgata, Pers. Syn. p. 249. — A. latus, var. 2. With. v. 4.
77.211.

In stoves, on the bark. July — Aug. — ''Pileus 3 inches broad, obtuse,
pallid-cinereous with cinereous and black streaks. Gills obtuse behind,
almost remote. Steyn 3 — 5 inches high, ^ an inch thick, white." Fr.
I. c. Accounted poisonous. In the pface quoted above, Nees ab
Esenbeck gives a complete account and figures of the development of
this Agaric. He conceives that Sclerotium mycetospora^ Fr. & JS'ees,
is an imperfectly developed state of it, indurated in consequence of
growing at a time when the stove abounds with heat and moisture, but
is deficient in light. In summer, from the samebyssoid fibres (Mycelium.
Tratt.) A. volvaceus is perfectly developed, according to Fries' observa-
tion, " nisus idemreproductionis in potestate lucis producit hymenium."
The nearest affinity of this and the neighbouring species is, I think,
evidently on the one hand with A. latus and its allies, and on the other
hand, with the Coprini. The gills are of the same form as in A. latus,
but the processes are those of Coprini. Fries, however, if I under-
stand his expression, " thecis prominulis denticulatae," seems to
regard them in a different light. Withering perceived the affinity,
and accordingly in one place made the present species a variety of
A, latus, though in another he has it separate under the name of A.
volvaceus.

283. A. Loveidmis, Berk. {p)arasitic wrappered Agaric);
parasitic, middle-sized very delicate, pileus white silky, gills
pale-rose, stem attenuated upwards, wrapper white lobed
loose.

Agaricus.] fungi. 105

Parasitic on half-decayed, and, in general, distorted specimens of
A. nebularis. Plantations. Abuitdant at Wothorpe near Stamford,
Norths., Oct. 10, 1833. Rev. M. J. JBerJiekf/.— Gregarious, subcaes-
pitose. At first it appears like a small smooth white round Bovistciy
from the size of a pea to lan inch in diameter ; it then becomes oblong
and the top of the pileus'which is at that stage flattish, bursts through,
forming a round aperture in the volva, which as the plant is fully
developed, is broken into three or four regular laciniae, with a some-
what wrinkled surface, and the pileus, from subtruncato-globose,
becomes convex or slightly expanded, 2\ inches broad, moderately
fleshy and beautifully silky; white with a very slight shade of pink or
cinereous ; margin involute. GUIs broad in front, quite free, leaving a
space round the stem, not reaching to the margin, subdeliquescent,
gradually assuming a pale pink tinge, under a good lens clothed with
fine minute transparent processes like the Coprini. SporuJefi minute,
elliptic, rose-coloured. Stem 2 inches high, t2 — 3 lines thick, white,
closely fibrillose with a little matted tomentum, very juicy, solid,
bulbous. Volva pure white, with a little downy prominence within
round the base of the stem. Taste exactly like that of A. cainpcstiis.
— A most elegant and curious species, which, as it appears not to have
been hithertonoticed, I wish to bear the name of the Reverend R. T.
Lowe, not merely on account of our intimate friendship, but of his great
and diversified talents.

284. A. mudius, Sclium. (iiiter mediate inrappered Agaric);
pileiis smooth slightly viscid white, gills rose-coloured, stem
smooth solid, volva sheathing. Schum. SceU. 2. p. 227, Fl.
Dan. t. 1676./. 2. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. \. p. 278.

In pastures after stormy weather. Aug. — Oct. Abundant in 1834, about
King's Clirte, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Varying greatly in size
and form, from \ an inch to 2 inches or;[more broacl, subcarnose or
submembranaceous, plane, subhemisphasrical or subcampanulate, subum-
bonate, silky, slightly viscid, white with a brownish or yellowish tinge
in the centre. Gills rather thick, broad, quite free, projecting in the
young state beyond the edge of the pilcus, often rugged, when old rose-
coloured, covered with minute spiculiE as in the last. Sporules n)inute,
rose-coloured, sul)LlHptic. Stem nearly equal or slightly thickened
below, 1 — '1 inches hi^h, 2 lines or more thick, nearly smooth, silky
under a lens, solid, juicy, furnished at the base with a volva divided into
3 or more lobes, vaginatc and close or slightly sjjrcading, nearly smooth
and white, or furnished with small flat brownish scales, sometimes
entirely dark brown.

Subgenus .30. Psaliota ; (from -vf/aX/^!-, a ring, or collar.)
Veil forming a ring., suhpersistent, really partial. Stem firm,
suberjital, distinct from the pileiis. Pileus more or less fleshy,
convex then catnpanulato-expanded, viscid or clothed with sfpiamules
or jihrilhc. (iilh free or fixed, hroad, becoming brown — In sojne
species tficrc are the rudiments of a universfd veil.

285. A. Gedrgii, With. (.%. Georges Agaric, U'hitr-Caps) ;
jiileus v(>ry fleshy convex at length nearly plane staiu<Ml with
yellow when bruised, gills wiiilish when the veil bursts, at

106 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

length deep pnrple-brown. With, v. 4. j^. 206. Soio. t. 304.
3hish, 8^ Champ, ill, t, 3. Purl. v,2 8^^, n, 934. Grev. Fl, Ed,
p, 390. — Fungus esculentus, S)C.^ Raii, Syn, ed. 3. p. 2. —
Fungus totiis alhus edulis, Vaill, Bot. Par, p, 75. — A, arvensis,
Schqf, t. SIO, 811,

Meadows, woods, and near buildings, haystacks, &c. Spring and
Autumn. Common. — Pileus 4 — 18 inches broad, white stained with
yellow, convex, very thick, firm and tough, quite smooth or clothed
with broad tawny more or less concentric adpressed scales ; Jiesh
yellowish when cut, juice yellow. GUIs adnata (free, Grev.) broad,
numerous, white or very pale flesh-colour, at length dark purplish-
brown. Stem 2 — 5 inches high, 1 — 2 inches thick, firm, the centre
loose and weblike ; when bruised yellow, especially below. Dis-
tinguished fi'om A. campestris by the almost white gills and the yellow
stains when bruised. It is very generally rejected by housekeepers in
the country as unwholesome if not poisonous, but in London it is
frequently sold under the name of White-Caps. The flavour is far
inferior to that of the common mushroom ; its smell is strong and
unpleasant, and it is little fit for making ketchup, having but a small
quantity of juice, and that not of a good colour. It grows to an
enormous size. Hopkirk records an instance of one weighing 5 lb.
6 oz. and measuring 43 inches in circumference, and Withering gives
the description of one weighing 14 lb. and of another found by Mr.
Stackhouse in Cornwall, 18 inches across and the stem as thick as a
man's wrist. It is called in France JBoule de neige. The synonyms
of Kay and Vaillant, quoted above, are with much less probability
considered by Fries as belonging to his A. cretaceusy a species involved
in much obscurity, and so nearly resembling some species of Lepiota^
as to make it difficult to believe that it is rightly placed in the series
Pratella, or distinct from A. cepcestipes. Indeed from what that writer
says, under A. leiocephcdus, I am inclined to think that he judged of
the hue of the sporules from the change of colour in the gills and not
from actual inspection.*

286. A. campestris, L. (3Iushroom) ; pileus fleshy dry siib-
squamose or silky, gills pink free ventricose at length brown,
stem stuffed furnished with a ring white. L. Suec. 1203.
Pers. Syn. p, 418. Schceff, t. 33. Soiv, t, 305. Bolt. t. 45.
With, V. 4. p, 209. Part, v, 2 <5' 3. 7i. 933. Fr, Syst, 3Iyc,
V. I. p. 2S1. Grev, Fl. Ed. p. 390. Sc. Crypt, Fl. t. 161.

3Iush. Sf Champ, ill. tA 8f 2 A. edulis, Roques, Hist, des Champ.

p. 14. 96. Bull. t. 134, 514.

* On an attentive examination of the synonyms quoted by Linnseus in
the Flora Snecica, it seems to me almost impossible to determine accurately
■what the species is to wliich he has an eye. There is much more reason to believe
"Withering riglit, than Fries, who considers^. Georgii, L. a yellow variety of
A. emeticus, which militates altogether against the concurrenttestimony of the
older writers who describe it as esculent. "The figure in Si.erheech, Thtat. Fung.
t. 1. G. appears to be the same figure as that of Clusius and Bauhin, and is a
tolerable representation of a small specimen of the species now before us. I
am not aware, however, that it generally appears in this country sooner than
A. campestris, so as to answer to the name of St. George's Agaric, though I
have gathered it as early as the 18th of May, a few days only after St. George's
Day, according to the old style.

AgaricHs.]

FUNGI. 107

Pastures, dunghills, &c. ISIay— Oct. Very common.— P?7«??/s 2—5
inches broad, at first convex, then plano-convex, white, silky or clothed
with reddish-brown adpressed fibrillar collected into little fascicles ;
epidermis easily separating from the flesh, projecting beyond the gills
and often curled back, fleshy ; Jhsh firm, thick, white, more or less
stained with reddish-brown especially when bruised. Gills very unequal,
at first of a beautiful pink, free, obtuse and sometimes forked behind,
broad in the middle ; at length dark, mottled with the brownish-purple
minute subelliptic sporules ; the edge white and minutely denticulate.

Stem 2 3 inches or more high, ^ — ^ of an inch thick, nearly equal or

subbulbous, white, beautifully but "minutely silky, furnished with a thick
8')ongy ring generally above the middle, firm, consisting of fibres, those
in the centre lower. Boot consisting of a few branched white fibres,
which are often beset with little knobs, which are the infant state
of the plant. When quite young, there is a fine silky universal veil.
— A most extraordinary and beautiful state of this species occurred at
Margate, on a heap of horse-dung covered with soil, close to the angle
of a white brick wall with a northern aspect, July 31, 1832. A portion
of the pileus was occupied by what at first appeared to be a parasitic
Sistotremn, but, on closer inspection, proved to be a pulvinate excres-
cence of the mushroom itself, \'^ of an inch broad, f of an inch thick,
occupied by sjuu-ious gills in the guise of subporiform jagged plates
about 1 line deep, and producing sporules like those of the perfect gills
beneath, but as it appeared to me rather more minute. The margin
was vellowish and minutely downy. — The most generally used perhaps
of all Agarics and the safest. It is extensively cultivated, on which
point ]M- Roques has some excellent information. The artificial pro-
duction of this species without the aid of spawu has been frequently
l)rought forward as an argument for the equivocal generation of Fungi.
But when it is considered how many millions of the sporules must be
devoured together with the herbage by the animals whose dung is a
principal material in the compost, much of the force of this argument
vanishes. And the circumstance that other species, whose sporules
are equally extensively diffused, so seldom occur on nuishroom-beds,
does not invalidate this, because fairy-rings generally contain one species
onlv and the peculiar conditions necessary for the development of the
common nmshroom may cither not be favourable at all to the growth
of other species, or they may affect the sporules of the mushroom much
more rapidly and certainly', which therefore take the lead and prevent
the growth of other species.

287. A. prdrox, Pors. (carh/ Agaric) ; pilous flosliy even
yollowish-tan, gills adiioxed witli a subdecurrent tooth j)al('
fuscous, stem sul)S(di(l ^vliito. Pirs. Sijti. p. 4 20. Fr. Sj/st.
Mifc. V. 1. p. 283. — A, ciwdicnns, Schir(f\ t. 217.— . I. ccrcolus,
S'chaiff\t.b\.—A. flurus, Holt. t. 07./. \.

Hedge-sides, grassy plticcs, gardens, c"l-c. Spring and autunm.
Common. — Solitary or gregarious. Pilms \\ — 2 inclics across, very
fleshy ; Jfcs/i firm, white or pale-buff", watery near the gills; qtiihrmts
in (lamp weather moist subviscid, \\lien dry resembling white kid leather,
retaining the impression of the fingers, soiiu'times tcssellatoil, yillowisli
or pale tawny. (iill^ adnexed or suhadnate, moderately broad, not
ventricose, slightly hollowed out brhiml with n sididnurrcnt tooth,
l)alc brownish-purple ; the edge white or yellowish. A.^ri conspicuous ;

108 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

sporules elliptic. Stem \h — 3 inches high, 2 — 3 lines thick, subflexu-
OLis, equal or subbulbous, solid, but sometimes decidedly hollow, juicy,
white or faintly shaded with buff, fibrillose, under a lens subpubescent ;
ring near the top deflexed and striate, or attached in fragments to the
edge of the pileus. Root strong, white, branched. Smell like that of
A. oreades, but sometimes unpleasant. I find what appears to be only
a variety, growing in bogs amongst wet Hi/jmiim cuspidatum, at King's
Cliffe in May. It accords almost exactly with Bulliard's figure of
A. sphaleromorphus, t. 540. f. 2,* except that the stem is not so
decidedly clubshaped. — As Fries in his Elenchus supposes that it
may prove a new species of his tribe PhcBotiis, I subjoin a description : —
Pileiis 1 — 2 inches broad, at first nearly hemisphserical, soon expanded
and even subdepressed, siibviscid, carnose, yellowish-tan, when old
watery yellow-olive, the margin umber from its transparency, in con-
sequence of which the colour of the gills is partly seen through the
flesh. In very young specimens, there are some slight vestiges of the
ring ; otherwise it is quite smooth. Gills at first nearly of the colour
of the pileus, then purplish-umber or pinkish and clouded ; the edge
fringed with white appendages, rounded behind, subadnate with a tooth ;
sometimes the tooth appears as though the gills had started from the
stem and in so doing had drawn with them a thin glutinous membrane,
an appearance exactly represented in Sow. t. 408./! 1. In old speci-
mens, when the pileus is depressed, the gills become very ventricose
and rounded, but there is still the tooth ; they then become much
darker, but not so dark as in Bulliard's, t. o40. f. 1. Sporules bistre,
with a very slight ferruginous tinge. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, 2 lines
thick, nearly 4 at the base, slightly clubshaped, below subflexuous,
white, more or less tinged with the colour of the pileus, fibrillose under
a lens, minutely downy at the very base ; at first stuffed then minutely
fistulose. Ring perfect, erect or deflexed, striate. Another state or
species occurred in Kensington Gardens and at Beeston, Notts., in
Oct. and Nov., agreeing exactly with A. mutabilis, Fl. Dan. t. 1008,
f. 2, which is quoted by Fries under A. sagatus, but as he describes it
as having free gills and my plant has them subadnate like those of
A. prcecox, I think it better to consider it merely a state of the present
species, than run the risk of a mistake.

288. A. semiglohdtus^ Batsch, (Jiemisphcerical Agaric) ; pileus
hemisphserical even viscid yellow, gills adnate clouded with
black, stem fistulose smooth dotted with black above. Batsch,
Cant. 1. /. 110. Sow. t. 248. (m j^^^t). With. v. 4. p. 240.
Pers. Syn. p. 407. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ;:>. 284. Grev. Fl

Ed. ;?. 391. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 344 A. lustre, Bull. t. 566.

/. 4. — A. glutinosus, Curt. Lond. t. 194. — A. virosus, Sow. t. 407.
/ 7, 8, 11—14. Purt V. 2 S^Q. n. 952.

Rich meadows, especially on horse-dung. Ma}^ — Nov. Extremely
common. — Pileus ^ — 1 inch or more broad, hemisphserical, yellow or

* There is some confusion in the citation of this and the next accompanying
figure, JBull. t. 540. /. 2, in consequence of the references at the foot of tlie
plate being transposed. De Candolle's description of A. sphahroynorphus,
*' lamelles atteignant a peine le pedicule," evidently belongs to A. melanospermus.
Fries following the reference and not the figures themselves, has quoted under
A. melanospermus, the figure of A, sphaleromorphus.

Agarlcus.] FUNGT. 109

slightly mottled from the shining through of the gills, viscid when moist,
shining and smooth when dry, obtuse, fleshy ; Jiesli white beiieatii the
epidermis, umber near the gills. GUIs very broad, adnate with a little
tooth, vcntricose or plane, mottled with the purple-brown sporules,
with at length a cinereous, sometimes a yellowish tinge. Stc77i 2 — 3
inches high, 1 — H line thick, very viscid, shining when dry with a
closely glued silkiness, fistulose ; ring more or less perfect, deflexed. —
This or some very closely allied species has unfortunately been often
gathered for A. oreadcs, which arises not so much from any real
similarity, as from complete ignorance what to gather. The true
Champiiinon has white gills, a solid tough stem and a dull, not at all
viscid, pileus ; the present species has dark-coloured gills, a hollow
stem and shining glutinous pileus ; besides which the whole substance
is totally diflcrent. The species which Sowerby mentions as proving
fatal, though figured in the same plate with this, a[)pears to be another,
as do those in t. 408. (marked t. 407.) Too much caution cannot be
used in the eating of dark-gilled Agarics, and the greatest credit is due
to Mr. Sowerby for his laudable exertions. The distinctions are again
pointed out in the little work entitled the " Mushroom and Champignon
Illustrated," by Mr. J. D. C. iSowerby's son, a most amiable and promis-
ing youth, cut off' as his hereditary talents were just being matured. An
instance is there recorded of a family at Lambeth, in 1830, suffering
from eating the^. virosiis ; but among the figures there is not one which
can with absolute certainty be referred to A. semiglobatus.

289. A. versicolor, With, (^changeable-coloured Agaric) ; pileus
squamose greeuisli-buff, gills at first yellowish-white, then
dark-brown, stem stuft^"ed white changing to brown. With. v. 4.
p. 158. Fr. Sijst. Myc, v. l.p. 286.

Near the bridge over the stream that feeds the large pool at Edgebaston.
"Very rare, — " VUcus 1 — 1- inches broad, scurfy especially in the centre ;
convex, at length flat, but the edge much curled in. (rills decurrcnt.
Stem '2 inches high, as thick as a swan's quill, thickest downwards."
With. I. c.

290. A. rrriigi?i6si(s, Curt, (verdigris Agaric) ; pileus fleshy
yellow smeared with a blue more or less persistent gluten
which gives it a greenish tint, gills plane adnate purple-brown,
stem hollow squamose. Curt, Loml. t. 309. Sow. t. 2GI.
With. V. 4. p. 232. Purl. v. 2 c^ O. ;/. 94G. Fr. S,/st. Mt/c. v. 1 .

p. 280. Grcv. Ft. Ed. p. 391 — A. viridulus, Scluvff! t. 1.— -
A. cyancusy Boll, t. 143. With. v. 4. p. l\)-2.—A. politus, Bolt.
t. 30.

Near hay-stacks, meadows, woods, amongst grass, sticks, .&c. Aug.
— Nov. Kxtrcincly connnon. — (iregarious. Pileus 1 — 4 inches broad,
convex, thin, expanded, (lc->hy, dnll-yellow but covered with blue gluten,
above this, but not always, clothed with pure white scales, (tills
purple-brown, or sonjetimes umber, plane or very slightly vcntricose,
adnate with a small tooth ; margin wjiite, pulverulent. Sjmndts
eUiptic. Stem 2—3 inches high, .'i -G lines iliiik, penetrating into the
soil l)y strong branciicd while fibres, straight or flexnous, sometimes
bulbous, scaly ; scfdcs rellexcd, at length more or k'>s smooth, with
various tints of blue, green or yellow, at first stuffed then hollow,

110 FUNGI. [Affaricus.

various in stature, sometimes very short and thick, mottled longitudi-
nally with blue within, the centre white. JRing in general fugacious.
Smell disagreeable, like that of rancid ointment. Small specimens
with the gluten quite washed off by heavy rain are sometimes with
difficulty to be distinguished from A. precox.

Subgenus 31. Hypholoma ; (from ufyj, a web, and Xw/^a, a
fringe.) Veil fugacious, woven, fixed to the margin of the pileus
and stem. Stem firm, subsolid, distinct from the pileus. Pileus
fleshy, convex, then plane. Gills adnate, close, subdeliquescent,
Asci conspicuous. — Ccespitose, growing on ivood.

291. A. lachrymabimdus. Bull, (weeping ' Agaric) ; pileus
fleshy piloso-squamose whitish-brown, gills umber, stem hol-
low fibrillose. Bull. t. 525. f 3, 194. Sow. t. 41. With, v, 4.
p. 255. Purt. V. 2 c^y 3. n. 964. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 287.

a rev. Fl. Ed. p. 391.

Chiefly about the stumps of felled trees. July — Nov. Common. —
Pileus 2 — 4 inches broad, at first somewhat campanulate, at length
expanded, fleshy, the margin thin, with a few fragments of the veil
attached to it, firm, pale reddish-brown darker in the centre, fibrilloso-
squamulose ; flesh pale umber. Gills at first pale then reddish-brown,
subventricose towards the base ; slightly attached. Stem 2 — 3 inches
high, 3 lines or more thick, pale-umber towards the base, whitish
above, subincrassated below, subflexuous, fibrillose or squamuloso-
fibrillose from the remains of the floccose ring ; above squamuloso-
pubescent, truly fistulose, the inside downy with a small bundle of
cottony fibres running down from the pileus; firm, elastic, pale-umber
within. Odour disagreeable.

292. A. lateritius, Schceif. {large fasciculate Agaric) ; pileus
fleshy obtuse tawny inclining to brick-red, gills at length
slightly green, stem stuffed stout. Schoeff. t. 49. f. 6. Pers.
Syn. p. 421. Fr. SysL Myc. v. 1. p. 288. Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 392. — A. amarus. Bull. t. 30. 562.-/4. pomposus, Bolt. t. 5.
— A. fascicularis, var. 2. Purt. v. 3. p. '225. var. 3. With.
t\ 4. p. 239.

Stumps of trees, &c. May — Oct. Frequent. — Gregarious, ctespi-
tose ; but not in general so much tufted as the next. Pileus 2 — 3
inches or more broad, fleshy, always very obtuse, not conic, at length
expanded, ochraceous ; tawny in the centre, paler at the margin where
it is slightly silky ; when young it is silky all over and in proportion
as it becomes smooth it is more deeply coloured. Veil stained with
the sporules, adhering in fragments to the margin. Gills rounded
behind, adnate vv'ith a tooth, scarcely green, clouded with the sporules,
the margin uneven. Sporules elliptic, brown-purple, but not with a
ferruginous tint, as in A. fascicularis. Stem 3 inches or more high,
2 — 3 lines thick, often thickest below stuffed, yellow with a more or
less rufescent tinge, not green ; silky when young, distinctly squamulose
or fibrillose, firm, at length fistulose, but the walls are as thick or twice
as thick as the diameter of the canal. 2\tste very bitter and nauseous.
— When solitary, it is often very handsome : the centre of the brightest
brick-red with superficial patches of down. It is very difficult to

Aff&rms.] FUNGI. Ill

distinguish between this and the following, though they seem to be
distinct species.

293. A. fasciculdris, Huds. {smaller fasciculate Agaric) ;
pilaus subcarnose umbonate ochraceous, gills at length green,
stem hollow slender. Iliids. Fl. Aug, p. 615. Bolt. t. 29.
Soiv. t. 285. With. v. 4. p. 238. Pers. Syn. ;;. 42 1 . Fr. Sijst.
Myc. V. \. p. 288. Purt. v. 2 S^^ 8. n. 950. Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 392. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 329. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ, exs,
n. 21. — A. later itiusy Schceff. t. 49. f. 1 — 5. — A. pulverukntus,
Pull. t. 178.

Koots of trees, gate-posts, &c. Apr. — Nov. Very common. — Gre-
garious, densely casspitose. Pileus 2 inches broad, at first conic then
expanded, more or less irregular from the tufted mode of growth, sub-
carnose, thick in the centre, tawny, the margin thin, yellow, with portions
of the veil adhering to it, often stained with the ferruginous-purple
sporuh'.'i. Gills green, clouded, adnate with a subdecurrent tooth.
Sporules elliptic. Stem 2 — 9 inches high, 2 lines thick, curved and
unequal, hollow, fibrillosc or squamulose, yellow, greenish above.
Ring stained with the sporules, leaving scarcely any trace upon the
stem. Taste very bitter and nauseous.

Subgenus 32. Psilocybe ; (from -^Ojjc^ nahed, and '/.-oSr,, the
head or pileus.) Veil marginal, thin, fiocculose, very fugacious.
Stem hollow, rarely stuffed, when young tough, ecjual, subfihrillose,
often viscid. Pileus conic or conve.v, then expanded, almost distinct
from the stem. Gills rather bread. Substance tough, persistentt
7iever deliquescent.

294. A. stercordrius, Sclium. (dung Agaric) ; pileus obtuse
even viscid livid-yellow, gills broad decurrent brown, stem
straight fibrillose. Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 1. p, 291.— .4. adnalus,
Huds. Fl. Ang.p. G19,

On horse-dung, near Cobham, Kent, Aug. G, 18:V2. Riv. M. J.
BcrhcU'ij. — PUeus A — i inch broad, subcarnose, subumbonate [liviil-
yelIow,"ihcn dull-yellow, Fr.) in my specimens umber, almost tawny,
slightlv viscid, moiht, shining, quite smooth, even; in infancy, flat, then
hemispha-rical, when old quite plane, the margin transparent, slightly
notched ; when dry pale, (idls und)cr, mottled with tlic brown-purple
sporules, broad, plane with a decurrent tooth, or ventricose ami cmar-
ginatc. Sle)n U— 2 inches high, 1 line thick, unibcr, tough, flcxuous,
below squanudos'o-fd)rilIose with a little down at the base, above shining
but minutely pubescent, striate with the decurrent teeth of the gills,
fistulosc, bu't with a few fibrilla' within; Jtrsh dark-unibcr. When
young there is a narrow ring. This species reseniblcs A. sfmiglobatns,

295. A. calldsus, Fr. (conic dung Agaric) ; j)ileu3 conic, gilU
adnate ascending black-pur|)le, stem tough smootli pallid. Jr.
Si/sf. Myc. V. 1. /). 292. — A. semiglubatus, Sow. t. 240. f 1 — 3.

Hich dungy [)astin-cs. Aug.— Nov. Not uiu-onunon.— /VAi/.sJ of
nn inch liroad, *. high, conico-cntnpamdntc, npicidatoimibonatc, viscid
when moist, shining when dry, pale ochraccou?, the margin darker from

112 FUNGI. [Agariais.

its transparency ; flesh thick in the centre, the margin membranaceous.
Gills ventricose, adnate, chocolate-coloured ; exti-eme margin white.
Sporules brown-purple. Stem 4 inches high, slender, flexuous, nearly
equal, thickened at the very base, subrufescent, fibrillose below, pulver-
ulento-squamulose above, fistulose ; the base sometimes clothed with
blue down. Sovverby infornis us that this species nearly proved fatal
to a family in London.

29G. A. foe}iisecu, Pers. (eddish Agaric) ; pileus subcarnose
smooth dilute-umhei\ turning pale, gills adnexed umber, stem
naked smooth rufescent. Pers. Ic. et Desc. t. 11. /i 1. Pers,
Syn, p. 411. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 295.

Amongst grass after a week's rain at Spondon, Derbyshire. April. —
Gregarious. Pileus 1 — 2 inches broad, hemisphaerical or campanulate,
brown-umber, the margin transparent and minutely rugose, banded with
various tints when losing its moisture; in decay it has a burnt appear-
ance, and at length dries up and is black. GiHs distant, broad, ventri-
cose, attached, umber, mottled, the extreme margin white. Stem 2 — 3
inches high, li line thick, subflexuous, fistulose, at first slightly pul-
verulent, umber, the apex striate, the base cottony. I am not quite
sure whether this is the true plant of Persoon, as the gills in my plant
are adnate and the colour more intense, but Fries says that the gills
are so ventricose that they appear emarginate and are perhaps after all
adnate and not merely adnexed. I hope, however, at some future
period to publish figures of this and some other new and doubtful
species, by which, if I should describe any species under v/rong names,
which it is almost impossible to avoid in so intricate and extensive a
genus, the errors may at length be corrected by competent judges.

Subgenus 33. Psathyra; (from -^c/Ju^oc, bi^itlle.) Veil inar-
ginal, very fugacious. Stem fistulose, equal, brittle, lohite, sub-
pridnose. Pileus submembranaceous, ivhen young glandiform,
then campanulate, at length expanded, iiearly plane, obtuse, brittle,
dry, soft to the touch, clothed uith innate atoms or Jibrillce. Gills
fixed, rarely free. Sporules in many of the species arranged
in fours. — Growing amongst chips, i?i inoist grassy places, &cc.,
071 the ground.

297. A. areolcitus, Klotzscli, {arcolated Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose clothed with minute fibrilla?, the epidermis cracking
into nearly equal square patches, gills fixed umber at length
black, stem hollow. Klotzsch, 3ISS.

Gardens. May — Oct. Botanic Garden, Glasgow. Klotzsch, in
Hook. Herb — " Pileus H — 3 inches broad, convex, ochre or fuscous ;
veil between fibrous and membranaceous, fugacious. Gills 2 — 3 lines
broad, the edge white and beaded with drops of moisture. Stem 2 — 3
inches high, 3 lines thick, generally thickened at the base, fibrillose,
dirty-white." Apparently a very distinct species.

298. A. stipdtus, Pers. (crowded Agaric) ; pileus subcarnose
smooth bright-brown pale when dry, gills close adnate umber,
stem smooth, Pers. Syn. p, 423, pr, Syat. Myc. v. 1, p, 296.

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 113

—A. spadiceus, Schceff. t. 60. — A. spadiceo-grisetis, Schceff. t. 237.
— A. hydropliibis, Bull. ^.511.

About stumps of trees, &c. July — Nov. Probably not uncommon.
King's Cliffe, Norths. Canterbury. Mev. M. J. Berheley. — Densely
fasciculate, compressed and irregular from its crowded mode of growth.
Pileus nearly 3 inches broad, fleshy, obtuse, sometimes umhilicate, at
first tawny-brown, fibrillose at the margin from the white veil, at length
quite expanded, broadly umbonate, pale when dry but marked here and
there with darker shades ; the margin generally retaining its colour,
corrugate, scarcely striate. GUIs close, adnate, umber. Sporules
umber-purple. Stem 4 — 5 inches high, 2 lines thick, confluent, shining,
smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens satiny, with here and there
a few fihrilloe, wavy, fi.stulose, white, umber within. — This is the true
A. stipatus, of which Schceff. t. GO, is a good representation : Bulliard's
figure is a slightly diflerent form of this polymorphous species, which
occurred at Canterbury. A. concinnus. Bolt., is very doubtful. — The
following distinct forms, or perhaps species, are worthy of notice : —

a. On wood. Aug. Margate. — Tufted. Pileus scarce 1 inch broad,
very pale ochraceous scarcely altered when dry, clothed with a few
minute adpressed squamulae ; margin fringed Avith fragments of the veil.
Gills narrow, shaped exactly like those of A. CandoUiauus, but pale
ochraceous with a pale cinnamon tint. Stem H inch high, pruinoso-
fibrillose and striate above with a few scattered fibrilla?.

b. On the ground, sticks, &c. Beeston, Notts. Oct. — Solitary.
Pileus 1| inch broad, ^ of an inch high, campannlate, tawny brown,
margin transparent. Gills pale umber, then umber-cinereous, adnate,
ascending. Stem 3^ inches high, ^ of an inch thick, above, \ at the
base, attenuated upwards, white, squamulose within the pileus, below
slightly fibrillose, strigose at the base. Flesh of the pileus and of the
centre of the stem umber, the outer coat white.

c. Grassy places, generally near roads. Kirriemuir. March, April,
Klotzsch, 3ISS. — '^Pileus H — 2 inches broad, subcarnose, convex,
nearly plane, smooth, ochraceo-fuscous, plane and rugulose when dry.
Gills adnate, white, clouded with black-brown. Stem 2 — 3 inches
high, 2 — 3 lines thick, fistulose, white, smooth, striate above and
obsoletely mealy. Veil white, verv funacious, fringing the pileus."
Klotzsch, MSS.

299. A. CandoUidmis, Fr. (De CcmdoUes Ar/aric) ; pileus
subcarnose even, at lent^tli dirty-wliite, gills fixed piiikisli
changinpf colour, stem fibrillose, veil fringing the pileus. Fr.
Syst. Mi/c. V. 1. ;;. 297. — A. appcndieulatus, Bull. t. 392. —
A. mutabilis, Fl. Ban. t. 774.

On the ground. Sept. Oct. Probably not uncommon. Botanic
Garden, (Jlasgow. Klotzsch. King's Clifle, Norths. Pir. M. J.
Berlulri/. — Pileus 2 — 4 inches broad, cx|)anded, hemisph:erico-cam-
panulatc ; margin split and fringed with the woven veil. Gills pinkish,
iffX first white, rounded behind, narrow. Stem 3 inches high, striate,
fibrillose above, strigose at the base. A. appendiculdtus, of Sow.
With, anil Purt. belongs cither to this or the foregoing species ; n\u{
not, I think, to .1. jtnrro.r.

300. A. Jdnillosus, Pers. ( /diriliosc Agaric) ; j)ileu3 sulnneni-
branaceous dirty-white, gills adnate purple-black, stem elon-

114 FUNGI. [Ar/aricus.

gated fibrilloso-squamose. Pers. Syn. p. 424. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. I. p. 297.

On the ground, amongst leaves. Spring and Autumn. Probably
not uncommon. Ashton, Norths., &c. lieu. M. J. Berkeley — " Pileus
when moist livdd, substriate ; when dry, white, not striate ; often
fibrilloso-squamose. Stem 3 inches high, 2 — 3 lines thick, beset with
villous fasciculated scales." Fr. I. c.

301. A. hulldceus, Bull, (small dung Agaric) ; pileus hemi-
spbserical submembranaceous rufous, margin striate, gills plane
very broad cinnamon, stem short tomentose. Bull. t. 566,/. 2.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 297.

On dung. Sept.— Oct. King's Cliffe, &c. Norths. Rev. 31. J.
Berkeley. — Pileus f of an inch broad, at first chocolate, striate ; when
dry dirty tawny ochre, sparkling with innate atoms; when young, clothed
with a few white scales towards the margin, arising from the ring.
Gills very broad, nearly horizontal, adnate with a little tooth, brown
with a tinge of umber or cinnamon ; sporules black. Stein about 1
inch high, not 1 line thick, but varying in height according to the
depth of the dung from which it takes its rise, often curved, pilose
when young, then clothed with minute fibrillse, hollow, very brittle,
dark-umber within. Fries has not met with this species. My specimens
accord so nearly with Bulliard's figure that I cannot conceive them
distinct, though the gills are not so red as there represented.

302. A. cernuus, Miill. {nodding Agaric) ; pileus submem-
branaceous livid whitish when dry, gills adnate cinereous-black,
stem clothed above with white pulverulent scales. Fl. Dan.
t. 1008, /. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 298. — A. farinulefitus,
Schceff. t. 205.

Road-sides, on the ground amongst chips, &c. Aug. — Nov. Thorn-
haugh. King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M. J. 5erMey.— Solitary or
subcaespitose. Pileus H inch broad, membranaceous, smooth, shining,
at first pale livid-brown," almost white when dry, scarcely striate, when
young ovate very obtuse, then subcampanulate. Ring woven, breaking
up into little lacinise which fringe the margin, fugacious. Gills not
very numerous, cinereous, clouded, the margin white, not ventricose.
Sporules oblong, quaternate ; appearing black when collected in a
heap, but, viewed separately, brownipurple. Stem 4 inches high, 2
lines thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, flexuous often nodding,
downy at the base and squamuloso-furfuraceous within the pileus ;
more or less striate, especially above. Very brittle. Occasionally a
few scattered fragments of the veil are attached to the epidermis, and
the stem is fibrillose.

303. A. bifrons, Berk, (two-faced Agaric) ; pileus submem-
branaceous campanulate obtuse ochraceous-brown tinged with
red, when dry pale-tan, gills pinkish-cinereous, stem naked.

In ditches, amongst sticks. Sept. Bedford Purlieus, Thornhaugh,
Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— Pileus f of an inch broad, furnished
at first with a minute fibrillose very evanescent veil, rugulose, ochra-
ceous-brown, more or less tinged with red ; mar^i'm thin, transparent.
Gills adnate, moderately broad, cinereous shaded with pink ; margin
white, composed of minute wavy teeth ; sporules brown-purple, quater-

Agaricus.] FUNGI. 115

nate, with minute papillae between the sori. Stem 2^ inches high,
1 line thick, filiform, thickest at the base, beautifully but very minutely
satiny, not pulverulent, very brittle.

304. A. atomdtiis, Fr. (spangled Agaric) ; pileus subinem-
branaceous obtuse dirty-wliite tinged with rose-colour sparkling
with innate atoms, gills adnate, stem squamulose. Fr, SysL
Myc. V. 1. p. 298.

Amongst grass, road-sides, &c. Aug. — Sept. Probably not uncom-
mon. Margate. Cottcrstock, Norths. Ihv. M. J. Bcrkelei/.—P ileus
H inch broad, at first obtusely conic, then subhemispha?rical, at length
piano-expanded with a fine evanescent arachnoid veil, ochraceous
inclining to pale rufous ; at length cream-coloured or nearly white,
sometimes purplish or rose-coloured. Occasionally the pileus is
umbonate, and this state seems to have the greatest tendency to
assume a purplish tinge. Gills broad, ventricosc, rather distant, at
first pale ochraceous, then brown-purple (cinereous-black, Fr.). Stem
2 — 3 inches high, 1 — 2 lines thick, somewhat rooting, fistulose, brittle,
striate above and slightly pulverulent, the base thickest and more or
less cottony, never quite smooth ; sometimes fibrilloso-squamulose. —
Two forms occur of the species described above ; the one distinctly
covered with sparkling atoms, with always a rosy tint and squamulose
stem ; the other less distinctly atomate, not so constantly rosy and the
stem, though never quite smooth, not scaly. There is not the least
difference in the gills.

305. A. corrugis, Pers. (ivriaikled Agaric) ; pileus submem-
branaceous campanulate umbonate rose-coloured, gills adnate
violet-black, stem smooth. Pers. Sgn. p, 424. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1. ;j. 298 — A. corriigattis, With. v. 4. p. 251. Purt. 3ISS.
— A. carbonarius, var. Batsch, Cont. \. f. 91. — A. limhatus,
Holrnsk. v. 2. t. 32.

Gardens, woods and shady places. Packington Park. Mr. Stock-
house. Nov. Purton. — " Pileus 1 inch or more broad, turning pale,
when dry corrugated. Gills broad. Stem 2—4 inches high,' 1—2
lines thick, smooth ; hairy at the base." Fr. 1. c.

306. A. gracilis, Pers. (rose-edged Agaric) ; pilous submem-
branaceous campanulate obtuse, gills very broad behind cine-
reous-black, the margin rose-coloured, stem slender suiootli.
Pers. Syyi. ;?. 425. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 299. — A. Tcnta-
culnm, Soio. t. 385./. 1.

Ditches, woods, gardens, Sec, amongst sticks and leaves. Autunu).
Not uncotmnon. — Pihua ;,' — 1 inch broad, can)i)anulate, obtuse or
conico-campanulatc, submenibranaccons, sometimes umbonate, in which
case the centre is Heshy. Gills broatl, cinereous, clouded, adnate with
or without a tooth, ventricosc or horizontal. SpuruUs (juaternate.
Stem U— 2^ inches high, scarce 1 line thick, slender, smooth, downy
at the base ; occasionally short and thicker. — Easily known by the
rose-coloured margin of the gills. The original specimen of Sowcrby's
A. Tcntaculum aj)pears to belong to the present species.

Subgenus .'M. C«»im{|\.mui > ; (fnun xorr^n;, dung.) I'cii

116 FUNGI. [Agaricus,

rarely forming a ring^ generally very fugacious ; stem jistulosCy
slender^ rather brittle^ distinct from the pileus. Pileus slightly
carnose or membranaceous, smooth, subper sis tent. Gills subdeli-
guescent. Sporules in general black ; ferruginous in A. vitellinus,
Boltonii and titubans ; quaternate in A. semiovatus.

307. A. semiovatus, Sow. (half-ovate Agaric) ; pileus sub-
carnose campanulate viscid clay-white, gills adnate cinereous-
black, stem long whitish, ring entire. Soio. t, 131. With, v. 4.
p. 261. Pers, Syn. p. 408. Purt. Mid. Fl. v. 2 ^ ^. n. 968.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 300. Grev. FL Ed. p. 392.—^. nitens,
Bull. t. 84. — A. ciliaris, Bolt. t. 33.

On dung, near hay-stacks, &c. More or less commonthe whole
year. — Pileus H inch broad, semiovate, very obtuse, at first ochraceous,
then dirty-white, shining, smooth, slightly viscid, wrinkled when old,
siibcarnose but watery. Gills subdeliquescent, broad, ventricose, adnate
by a small portion, clouded, cinereous, the margin white. Sporules
large, black, elliptic, quaternate, the major axis perpendicular to the
gills, with minute papillae, each of which is surmounted by a little
point, between the sori. Stem 5 inches or more high, 2 lines thick, at
first fibrillose ; beneath the ring squamuloso-pulverulent ; above dotted,
as is the ring, with the sporules.

308. A. Jimiputris, Bull, {rotten-dung Agaric^ ; pileus sub-
carnose campanulate, when moist cinereous turning pale, gills
adnate cinereous-black, margin of the same colour, stem long
rufescent, ring torn. Bidl t. QQ. With. v. 4. p. 228. Purt.
V. 2 Sf 3. n. 1465. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 300. Fl. Ban.
t. 1959.

On horse-dung. May — Oct. Very common. — Pileus 1 — 2 inches
broad and high, at first obtuse, conic, reticulato-rugulose ; at length
campanulate, dark-cinereous, livid when dry ; the ring broken into
triangular loops or laciniae, fi-inging the margin, which is minutely
downy and frequently split. Gills adnate, ascending, mottled, cinereous-
black, subdeliquescent. Sporules elliptic, subapiculate, brown-black.
Stem 2 — G inches high, squamuloso-tomentose, pulverulent, often
beaded with little drops, striate above, nearly white at length rufescent ;
zoned within.

309. A. papiliondceus, Bull. {Butterfly Agaric); pileus sub-
carnose campanulate dry dingy-black turning pale, gills adnate
cinereous-black, margin white, stem long rufescent, the apex
striate stained with black. Bidl. t. 58, 561, / 2. Pers. Syn.

JO. 410. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 301 A. acumi?iatus, Schoeff.

t. 202. — A. carbonarius, Batsch, Elf. 6. Purt. v. 3. p. 428. —
A. semiovatus, var. 2, With. v. 4. p. 262. Purt. v. 2. p. 654.

Pastures and dungy places. May— Jan. Probably not uncommon.
Glasgow Botanic Garden, Klotzsch',in Hook. Herb. Benefield, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley.—" Pileus i— 1 inch broad, at length convex, when
dry subrufescent, even, never viscid. Gills ascending, close, quite entire.
Veil very fugacious. Stem 3 inches high, 1—2 lines thick, rufescent."
Fr. I. c.

Agaricns.] FUNGI. 117

310. A, stridtus, Bull, (striated Agaric) ; pileus carapauulate,
disc even rufescent, margin pale sulcate, the furrows forked,
gills rounded brown, stem white. Bull. t. 552./. 2. Fr. Si/sf.

Myc. V. 1. /?. 302 A, campaiiulatus, With. v. 4. p. 261 (Jide

Purton). Part. v. 3. n. 1472.

Meadows, pastures and \voods. Not common. Spring and autumn.
Purt. MSS. — Pileus I inch from the edge to the apex. Stem 4 inches
high, as thick as a goose-quill. Differs from A. plicatilis in size, and iu
not having a fleshy ring at the top of the stem to which the gills adhere.

311. A, vitelUnus, Pers. (yolk-of-egg Agaric); pileus cam-
panulate viscid yellow often split, gills adnexed clay- coloured,
stem equal squamuloso-pulverulent. Pers. Syn, p. 402. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 303.

Horse-dung in pastures. May. King's Cliffe, Apethorpe, Norths.
Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. — Pileus 1 inch or more broad, at first conic, then
expanded or conico-campanulate, subcarnose, or with the margin mem-
branaceous, slimy, of a beautiful lemon-colour, at length rufescent near
the margin which is striate and inclined to split. Gills moderately
broad, clay-coloured, adnexed, subdeliquescent. Stem U inch high,
2 lines thick at the base, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, fistulose,
juicy, brittle, splitting sometimes longitudinally, pure white, pulverulent,
striate at the apex.

312. A. Polt6?iii, Fers. (Bolto?is Agaric); pileus convex sub-
umbonate viscid yellow, gills adnexed pale, stem attenuated
smootii yellow. Pers. Syn. p. 414. Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 3.
p. 303.—^. flavidus. Bolt. t. 149. Soio, t. 96. Purt. v. 3.
n. 1465. — A. equestris, Bolt. t. 65. With, v. 4. p. 257. Purt.
V. 3. n. 1467.

In pastures on rotten dung in moist places. June— Sept. — Pileus
2 inches broad. Ste?n 3 inches high.

313. A. tituhans, Bull, {salmon-gilled Agaric); pileus thin
plicate viscid yellow, gills almost free reddish-brown, stem
equal shining. Bull. t. 425./ 1. Sow. t. 128. With. v. 4.
p. 'ro2>. Pers. Syn. p. 415. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 304.
Purt. V. 2 S)' 3. n. 962. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 393.

Amongst grass on dung. May — Oct. Not uncommon. — Pileus
1 inch broad, campanulato-convex, yellow, vi>cid, shining ; inonjin
notched, plicate and striate, pale cinnamon, suhmembranaceous, very
delicate and tender, smooth, at length almost dcli(incscent, shining and
subochraccous. Gills narrow, slightly vcntricosc, very miiuitely adnexed,
cinnamon. Spurults ferruginous. Stem 4 — J inches liigh, 1 — 1.^ line
thick, striiitc above, pulverulento-squ;unulosc, pale-yellow, fistulose, very
tender and delicate.

314. A.papyrdceuSy Pars, (paper Agaric) ; pileus homisphreri-
cal smooth dirty- white, edge tinged with purple very thin nearly
transparent, gills pale pinkish-brown, stem white smootli. Pers.

Syn. p. 42.). Fr. Syst. Myc. v. l.p.liOG -1. membranaceus,

Polt. t. 11.— .4. manr, With. v. 4. p. 230. wn. ;i. Purt. v. 3.
u. 1463.

118 FUNGI. [Ayaricus.

" Shady places in woods, at the bottom of posts. Aug. — Sept.
Not common. — Pileus 2 inches broad. Stem 3 inches high, as thick
as a swan's-quill." Piirt MSS.

315. A. dissemindtus, Pers. {minikifi Agaric); gregarious,
small, pileus ovate- campanulate plicate, gills adnate or adnexed
whitish-cinereous, stem incurved smooth. Pers. Syn. p. 403.
Syst. Myc. v. I, p. 303. — A. minutulus, Schceff. t. 308. With.
V. 4. p. 212. Purt. V. 24-3. 91. 935 — A. Tinti?mabulum,
Batsch, El.f. 3. b. — A. striatus. Sow. t. 166. — A. disseminatus,

Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 393. c A. digitaliformis, Bull, t 22. A. B.

t.o2b.f.\.

On the ground, above buried wood or on old stumps. Spring and
autumn. Very common. — Gregarious, caespitose, many thousands
growing together. Pileus 3 lines broad, campanulato-conic, minutely
pubescent, strongly striate, submembranaceous, tender, fragile, ochra-
ceous, at length white with a pearly tint towards the margin. Gills
broadly adnate, pink inclining to cinereous. Sporides brown-purple,
elliptic, subquaternate. Stem 1 inch high, ^ line thick, fistulose, curved,
white, pubescent, attenuated upwards downy at the base. Sowerby's
plant is larger and more highly coloured, ^—h an inch broad ; it agrees
in the minute pubescence. It occurs especially on willow trees.
Bulliard's plant is represented with the gills free, and De Candolle
describes it, as it is figured, t. 525. f. 1, as clothed with little sphserical
tubercles. 1 have seen nothing that accords with this character.

Subgenus 35.* Coprinus. Gills free, tinequal, thin, simple,
changing colour, at length deliquescent. Asci large, segregate ;
sporules quaternate. Veil universal, more or less concrete, Jlocculose,
fugacious. Stem fistulose, straight, elongated, brittle, subsquamu-
lose, whitish. Pileus membranaceous, rarely subcarnose, when
young ovato-conic, then campanulate, at length torn and revolute,
deliquescent, distinct from the stem, clothed with the flocculose
fragments of the veil. Fugacious fungi, growing in rich dungy
places or on rotten wood.

S16. ^. comdtus, Miill. {cylindric Agaric) ; pileus subcarnose
scaly white, gills white then rufous-purple, stem subbulbous,
ring moveable. Fl. Dan. t 834. Pers. Syn. p. 395. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 307. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 393. Scot. Cryp.

Fl. t. 119 A. porcellaneus, Schceff. ^. 46 4- 47.—^. typhoideSy

Bull. t. 16, 582,/. 2 A. fimetarius, Bolt. t. 44. Curt. Lond.

t. 93.—^. cylindricus, Schceff. t. 8. With. v. 4. p. 253. Purt.
2;. 2 4- 3. n. 963.

Meadows, road-sides and waste places. April — Oct. Very com-
mon Pileus 3 — 4 inches high, 2 inches broad, campanulato-cylindric ;

epidermis white, breaking up into broad fibrillose subfuscous scales ;
beneath this coating the pileus is finely plicate, often split and of a

"" I consider this division of exactly the same importance as the other sub-
genera. The sporules being certainly quaternate in many species of the two
foregoing subgenera, no dependance can be placed upon this character.

Ayancus.] FUNGI. 119

pinky-brown ; Jlesh scarcely any on the margin, rather thick in the
centre. Gills very numerous and close, beautifully varied with pink
and brown-black, the margin white or pinkish, minutely downy, slightly
undulated, quite free so as to leave a sort of collar round the stem ;
clothed with very minute obtuse papillae, surmounted by four points
and very difficult to detect ; sporules rather small. Stem 5 inches or
more high, f of an inch thick at the base, hollow, filled with arachnoid
fibres which are often collected into a thread, bulbous, fihriliose and
subadpresso-squamose, sometimes tinged with the pinkish hue of the
gills, brittle but tolerably firm; rin[/ thick and moveable. 1 find a
variety on dunghills with an ovate pileus, differing in no other point
from the common state. The gills are white, not umber in the infant
plant, as Fries states to be the case in his /3. (A. ovatiis, Schoeff. t. 7.)

317. A. sterquilinus, Fr. (sulcate scahj dung Agaric); pileus
campanulate submembranaceous sulcate sericeo-villous, the disc
clothed with imbricate scales, gills purplish (carnation, Bolt.)^
stem attenuated furnished with a ring at the base. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. \.p. 308. — Fungus sterquilinus^ ^c. Mich. p. 181. ^ 80.
/ 3.—^. oUectus, Bolt. t. 142. Pers. Syn. p. 397. — A. cylin-
dricus, var. 2. Wit/t. v. 4. p. 254.

On new dunghills. Rare. About Halifax. Bolton. Edgebaston.
Withering. July. — Bolton's plant appears to be rather smaller and
less scaly than IMicheli's, to which he refers ; but on the whole there
seems no room for doubt that it is the same. Fries, however, considers
the plant of Bolton as very near to A. niveus.

318. A. picdceus, Bull. {Magpie Agaric) ; pileus membran-
aceous dirty-white at length broken into broad scales, gills at
length black, stem bulbous naked, ring none. Bidl. t. 206.
Sow. t. 170. Pers. Syn. p. 397. Purt. v. 3. «. 1476. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 308.

Grassy places. Sept. — Dec. Rare. Hainault Forest. Peckham
Wood. Sow. Alcester and Dunnington. Purton. Wansford, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berheley. — Pileus 2 inches broad and high, campanulate,
glutinous, closely grooved, brown with a tinge of red above ; margin
cinereous; dimpled at the apex. Epidermis cracking into large pale
fawn-coloured subconic scales ; Jlesh very thin. Gills broad, ventricose,
narrow in front, black, the extreme margin, except when deli(iucscent,
white ; not so close as in the following species, clothed with prominent
spiculae exactly as long as the interstices are broad, (juite free. Spondes
elliptic, black. Strm G inches high, \ an inch thick at the base,
beautifully satiny with adpresscd ftbrilhi', attenuated above where it is
subtomentose and stained with the sporules, subbulbous below, hollow
with a few stringy fibres attacheil to the walls.

319. A. atratnrntdriuSy Bull, (inky Agaric) ; c?Pspitoso, pileus
subcarnose brownish, apex scaly, gills ventricose white, then
purple-brown, stem equal naked. Ihill. t. 104. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1. p. 308. Grec. Fl. Fd. p. 394. — Fungus multiplex, .Sr.
Vadl. Bot. Par. p. 73, /. 12. /.* 10.— yl. ovatus, Curt. Land.
t, 101. With. r. 4. ;;. 239. Part. v. 2 .^ 3. n. 9G6.— ./. luridus,
Bolt. t. .54 A.Jinntnrius, Sow. t. 188.

Fields, gardens, waste places, roots of trees, 8i.c. Spring and autumn.

120 FUNGI. [Agaricus.

Common. — Gregarious, csespitose. Pileus 3^ inches or more high,
subcarnose, campaniilate, obtuse, the edge uneven, dirty-grey, at length
brownish, innato-fibrillose, more or less farfuraceous and corrugated,
the apex often scaly. Gills very broad and close, with numerous
pellucid processes, ventricose, umber, the mai'gin white, rounded behind,
quite free. Stem Q^ inches high, ^ an inch thick, fistulose, juic}',
fibrillose, attenuated upwards, brittle, the substance banded concentri-
cally. There is generally a prominent mark at the base, caused by the
pressure of the edge of the pileus in an early stage of growth, which
has somewhat the appearance of a volva.

320. A. micdceiis, Bull. (^3Iica Agaric) ; csespitose, pileus
membranaceous sulcate squamuloso-furfuraceous, gills pale then
black, stem slender equal. Bull. t. 246, 565. With. v. 4.
p. 249. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 1. p. 309. Grev. FL Ed. p. 394.

Scot. Crypt. Fl. t.76. — A. trimcort/m, Schceff. t. 6 A. Ugnorum^

Schceff. t, 66. — A. congregatus, With. v. 4. p. 248. Sow. t. 261.
PurL V. 3. n. 960. — A. striatus, Bolt. t. 54. — A. turhinatus^ With.
V. A. p. 247.

Roots of trees, bottoms of posts, Sec. May — Nov. Very common.
— Csespitose. Pileus ^ — 1 inch or more broad, half-ovate, often more
or less irregular from the dense mode of growth, sprinkled with glitter-
ing meal, strongly striate, almost plicate, rufous, the umbo darkest,
the margin cinereous, very thin ; veil very fugacious. Gills attenuated
in front, broad behind, ascending, attached above, umber mottled with
the sporules, which appear black when viewed in a mass, but are really
brown-purple. Stem 2 — 3 inches or more high, 2 lines thick, hollow,
brittle, squamuloso-pulverulent, the epidermis often cracked into little
scales, very faintly tinged with red, attenuated upwards ; the base
downy and sometimes assuming the appearance of a volva, as in
A. atramentarius. A. acefabulosus. Sow. t. 303, is perhaps such a
form, if the strongly marked spicules do not indicate a distinct species.

321. A. cinereus, Bull, {cinereous Agaric) ; pileus at first
cylindrical sulcate squamulose or tomentose cinereous, apex
bald even, gills linear, stem scaly subtomentose. Bull. t. 88.
Schceff. t. 100. With. v. 4. p. 260. Purt. v. 2 ^^ 3. n. 957.
Fr, Si/St. Myc. z;. 1. p. 3 1 0. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. S94.—A. ptdlatus.

Bolt. t. 20 A. congregatus, var, 2. Purt. v. 3. p. 235 A.

tomentosusy Bull. t. 138. Bolt. t. 156.

Gardens, rich meadows, saw-dust, dung, &c. July — Oct. Very
common. — Pileus 2 inches high before expansion, then 3 inches, but
very variable in size, sulcate, at first cylindrical, rather flat at the apex,
clothed with fugacious adpressed or slightly recurved feathery scales ;
then conico-campanulate ; at length inverted with the margin spUt
and rolled back. Gills black, clothed with pellucid conic processes
and elliptic black sporules. Stem sometimes 5 inches high, \ — ^ of an
inch thick, clothed near the apex with thick patent down, near the
base with small adpressed scales, very fragile, hollow, without any
cottony fibres.

322. A.macrorhizuSy Pers. (long -rooted Agaric) ; pileus ovato-
campanulate obtuse clothed with evanescent reflexed scales.

Agaricus.

ILNGI. 1L>1

gills brown, stem thickened at the base with a long root.
Pers. Sy7i. p. 398 — Fungus, &;c. iMicheli, p, 189. t. 80./. 2.

On a hot-bed, penetrating through the superincumbent mould and
attached to the dung beneath by the long attenuated root. April 11,
182G. Cotterstock, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pikus | of an
inch broad, nearly 1 inch high, scaly, the scales sometimes forming a
beautiful radiated crown at the apex, pale-brown above, the margin
greyish, striate. GUIs brown, with a slight white border, close, free,
very slightly ventricose, ^ of an inch broad. Stem 3 inches high, 3 lines
thick a1 the base, ^ of an inch at the apex, straight, very downy
towards the base, less so upwards, fistulose ; root 2^ inches long. My
plant exactly accords with Micheli's, even to the curious crown, to
which Fries refers a long-rooted variety of A. cinereus, from which,
however, this is very distinct in the form of the pileus and colour of the
gills. Perhaps its nearest affmity is with A. stercorarius, Sow. which
Jvies refers to A. ephernerus.

323. A. niveus, Pers. {snoic-ivhite Agaric) ; pileus campanu-
late sqnaniuloso-farinose snow-white as well as the tomentose
stem, gills narrow. Pers. S7/?i. p. 400. Fl. I)a?i. t. 1671. Fr,
Sgst. Myc. v.\.p.^\\. Grev. FL Ed. p. 394.—^. consperstis,
With. V. 4. p. 259. Purt. v. 2 <^ 3. n. 956. — A. stercorarius,
Bull. t. 542./. 2. 31. N. Sow. t. 262 {small f gun).

On horse-dung in pastures. Aug.— Dec, and occasionally in the
spring.— Very common. Pileus i— 1 inch broad, campanulate, at length
expanded and depressed, with 'the margin rolled back, clothed with
dense scaly meal ; the margin striate, very thin and delicate. Gills
narrow, free, subventricose, black. Stem 2 inches or more high, 1 line
thick, thickest at the base, sericeo-squamulose, hollow, fragile, splittmg
lonijitudinally. — I found a very large and most beautiful variety of this
at Margate, \\\ a salt-marsh on horse-dung, nearly 3 inches broad and
2 high" umbonate, densely mealy (the meal nearly I line deep at the
apex" so that the surrounding grass was thickly powdered. The meal
consists of round pellucid cells containing a nucleus. Gills with a pink
hue, at length black, rather distant, attached above. Stem 6 inches
high, rooting. Sporules oval, with a pellucid margin.

324. A. donuisticus. Bolt. (TLmse Agaric); pileus obtuse
squamuloso-furfuraceous undulato-sulcate dingy, gills close
linear black, stem subsericeous. Bolt. t. 26. Pers. Syn.
p. 404. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 311. Purt. r. 3. n. 1474.—^.
cylindricus, var. 3. With. v. 4. p. 254 — A.nlternatus, Schum.
Fl. Dan. t. 1961./ 1.

In tufts, on moist rotten wooil, in cellars and damp kitchens ; also m
dry vaults, damp walls, and under carpets on ground Hoors.— " Very
brittle, often ca-spitose. Pihus 2 inches broad, membranaceous, cam-
panulate, apex nearly smooth, reddish-brown. Gills white when young,
then ruddy, at length brown-black. Stem 2—3 inches high, 3 lines thick,
even, attenuated upwards." Fr. I. r.

325. A. radians, Desrn. (radiating Jl'alf Agaric) ; pih'us at
first pea-shaped deep-brown then ovoid campanulate and plane
buff deeper and turfuraceouN t<»\vards th*' apex striate, gills

122 FUNGI. [Afjaricus,

violet- grey then black, stem curved with a broad radiating
fibrous base. Desmazieres, Ann. des Sciences, v. 13. p. 214. 1. 10.
— Junior. Lycoperdon radiatum, Sow. 1. 145. — Institale radiatum,
Fr, Si/st. Mijc. V. 3. jo. 210.

On a plastered wall. Holt. Norfolk. — " Pileus 2 inches broad.
Gills free, numerous, at first white. Stem \^ inch high, 2 lines thick,
cylindric, fistulose, almost equal; curved in consequence of its vertical
place of growth, naked, smooth, furnished with a radiating base, 2 inches
broad." Desm. I. c. The very curious Lycoperdon radiatum^ Sow.
has been determined by Desmazieres to be the infant state of the present
Agaric, which is very nearly allied to A. micaceus. The same species
evidently, is figured in Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 3. t. 29. f. 4. On carefully
inspecting Sowerby's figure, the proper stem will be seen to be very
clearly marked out. His observation of its containing a small quantity
of fine dust or seed, may perhaps be accounted for by its having sustained
some check in an early stage of growth, and in consequence existing in
a somewhat altered form, analogous to the abortive plants of A. volva-
ceus, which occur under the form of a Sclerotium.

326. A. macrocephaliis, Berk, (long-headed Agaric^ ; small,
pileus elongated at length elongato-campanulate slate-coloured
adorned with beautiful pointed scales, gills linear, at length
black, stem attenuated upwards fibrillose, fibrillse deflexed.

On putrid dung. March. Cotterstock, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
-^Pileus I of an inch broad, | high, linear when young, then cylindrico-
campanulate, the margin slightly spread out, adorned with elegant
adpressed or patent scales, the remains of the veil ; apex brown, shaded
off into slate-colour on the margin, scarcely at all pubescent. Gills
linear, perfectly free, at length black, clothed with pellucid spiculas.
Stem 1 — 2 inches high, 2 lines thick, ascending, dirty-white, fistulose,
clothed with short cottony down and with longer, sometimes deflexed,
loose fibres, strigose at the base, somewhat attenuated upwards and
stained with the black elliptic sporules. A very distinct species, appa-
rently near A. Lagopus.

327. A. plicdtilis, Sow. (small-plaited Agaric) ; tender, pileus
umbilicate sulcato-plicate, gills fixed to a ring round the stem,
at length black, stem nearly smooth. Sow. t. 364. With.
V. 4>.p. 262. Ctirt. Lond. t. 200. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. jt?. 312.
Pttrt. V, 2 c3- 3. 71. 967. Grev. Fl. Ed, p. S9 5.— A. pulcher,
Pers. Sy7i. p. 405.

Amongst grass. Very common. Spring and autumn. — " Extremely
fugacious. Pileus ^ — 1 inch broad, cylindrical, furfuraceous, at length
plane, nearly naked, umbilicated, grey, yellowish-brown in the centre,
beautifully plicate, membranaceous, pellucid. Gills free, dark-grey,
subdistant, very narrow, tender. Stem 1 — 3 inches high, very slender,
fragile, smooth, grey tinged with brown sometimes white, hollow."
Grev. I. c.

328. A. Hendersoni, Berk, {delicate-ringed Agaric) ; minute,
pileus at first subcylindric at length plano-convex, gills black
subdistant, stem furnished with a regular erect subdistant ring.

Hot-beds. Feb. 21, 1823. Milton, Northamptonshire. Rev. M.J.

Ayaricus.] FUNGI. 123

Berkeley Extremely tender. Pileus 4 — 6 lines broad, at first sub-

cylindric, granulosa, under a lens, apex brownish shaded into cinereous
towards the margin, at length plano-convex ; margin folded. Gills
rather distant, free, powdered with the black sporules, the extreme
margin white, narrow ; at length aj)pearing like mere wrinkles. Stem
H inch high, not 1 line thick, white, nearly or quite smooth, hollow,
attenuated upwards, furnished with a cup-shaped more or less distant
permanent ring. A most distinct and elegant species. There is a
figure in Pers. Mijc. Eur. v. 3. t. 20. /! 1, of an Agaric possibly identical
with this, but darker and of a different form, but the text is not yet
published, nor is there even a name assigned to it, so that I am unable
to form any decided opinion. As 1 found it in company with my friend
Mr. J. Henderson of Milton, than whom there are few more active and
intelligent practical botanists, I am desirous that this most beautiful
though minute plant should bear his name.

329. A. stercordrius, Bull, (whitish dung Agaric) ; pileus
ovate more or less scaly, gills broad close, stem attenuated
upwards, ring none. Bull t. 542. /. 2. M. N. P. {not t. 68).
Sow. t. ^^'1. fig. sin. — A. pseudo-extinctorius, Bull. t. 4S7.f. 1.
— A. cinereus, Sommerfelti Lapp, (secundum Syn. " Soiu. icon
perbonaJ')

Dunghills. Common. — Pileus above 1 inch high, when fully expanded
U inch broad. Stem 3 — 5 inches high, 2 lines thick.

330. A. ephemerus, Bull, (short-lived Agaric); thin, soon
smooth, pileus campanulate expanded striate subcinereous, gills
distant, stem naked. Bull. t. 5, 542. f. I. £>. Fr. Si/st. Myc.
V. 1 . ;j. 3 1 3. Grev. Fl Ed. p. 395. Fl. Dun. ^.1960. /. 1 .—A.
mome^ita7ieus, Bull. t. 128. With. v. 4.]). 289.

Dunghills. May — Autumn. Very common. — Extremely fugacious.
Pileus^ — f of an inch broad, ovate or campanulate, at length deflcxed,
the margin finally splitting and curling back ; a[)ex umber, shaded
gradually into a delicate bluish-grey; striate, scaly when young. Gills
at length black, linear; edge downy, white. Stem 1 — 2 inches high,
1 line thick, dirty-white, with a few fibrillae, at length naked.

33 1 . A. radidtus, Bolt, (rayed Agaric) ; very tender fugacious,
pileus clothed with cinereous down, at length smooth splitting
in a radiated manner, disc ocliraceous, stem filiform. Bolt.
t. 39./. C. Pers. Syn. p. 407. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. />. 312.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 395!—^. stercorarius, Bull. t'. 542./, \. G. H.

f. 2. L.

On horse-dung, often on the under-side, in grassy woods, he. May
— Nov. Not unconunon. — Very tender, so that a breath destroys it.
Pileus I — 2 lines broad, at first (ligitalifornj, yellowish, the a|)ex obtuse,
darker, striate and downy, when fiill-grown pnle-brown, or nearly colour-
less, the centre sometimes dimpled, strongly furrowed, eilge notched
and often split in a radiated manner so as to appear like the s()okes of
a wheel. Gills about 10, with minute smaller ones in the interstices.
Stem 1 — 3 inches high, very slender, (juite filiforuj, smooth, but souie-
times fibrillose and tomentose, dusky or colourless, a little thickened at
the base where it is sliuhtlv ilownv. Fries does not seem to have been

124 FUNGI. [Cantharellus.

sufficiently careful in his selection of the synonyms of this species.
JBull. t. 68, is surely very different, being above an inch across ; as also
some of the figures in ^.542; whereas he describes it as only 2 lines broad.-

Appendix. Gomphvs; (from 'yc)fj^(poc, a wedge.) Gills strongly
decurrent, branched^ dista?it, distinct, changing colour, persistent^
quite entire. Veil suhuniversal, glutinous, concrete. Stemjirm,
solid. Pileus jieshy, turbinate, viscid, smooth ; margin injlexed.
Asci large ; sporides dai^k, fusifonn. Analogous to Lioiacium.
Large solitary persistent fungi, growing on the ground.

832. A. glutinosus, Schceff. (glutinous Agaric) ; pileus obtuse
glutinous purple-brovi'n, gills whitish cinereous. Schceff. t. 36.
Sow. t. 7.— A. velatus. With. v. 4. p. 156. Purt. v. 3. n. UBS.
— A. viscidus, Pers, Syn. p. 291, j8. rose-coloured, smaller,
stem attenuated downwards dilute flesh-colour. Nees, Syst.
f. 197.

Pine-groves. July — Nov. Not common. Earsham. Broom and Kirby,
Norfolk. Mr. Woodwai'd. Packington, Warwickshire. — ''Pileus 2 — 5
inches broad. Gills truly branched. Stem 2 — 3 inches or more high,
^ an inch thick, dirty-white, the base thickened and yellow, sometimes
adorned with black scales." Fr. I. c.

/3. East Morden, Dorset. Sept. Rev. M. J. Berheleij. — Pileus 2
inches broad, plano-convex, very slimy, of a beautiful strawberry colour,
shining, when dry, with a satiny lustre. Gills albido-cinereous, very
decurrent, forked, distant ; veil thick, filamentous and coloured within
by the sporules, which are fusiform, but paler than in A. rutilus. Asci
large. Stem attenuated downwards, solid but spongy, silky with a pale
tinge of rose.

333. A. rutilus, SchoefF. (purplish-red Agaric) ; pileus umbo-
nate subviscous brown-red, gills purple-umber. Schceff. t. 55.
Sow. t. 105. With. V. 4. p. 170. Purt. v. 2 ^ 3. n. 914.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. jj?. 315. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ.exs.n.22.
— A. jecorinus. With. v. 4. p. 162. — A. Gomphus, Pers. Ic. et
Desc. ^. 13./ 1. 3.

Amongst Scotch Firs. Aug. — Oct. Common. — Pileus 2 — 3 inches
broad, top-shaped, umbonate, yellow in the centre, the margin liver-
coloured, shining. Gills decurrent, somewhat branched, firm, elastic,
thick, entire, purple-brown, the shorter connected with the longer.
Asci large. Sporules dark, fusiform. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, ^ — % of
an inch thick, rhubarb-coloured without and within, fibrillose, attenuated
below, firm, solid, slimy from the remains of the veil which form an
obsolete filamentous ring.

2. Cantharellus. Adans. Chantarelle.

Pileus furnished below with dichotomous radiating branched
subparallel folds, not separable from the flesh, sometimes anas-
tomosing or obsolete. — Name, xcti/^agog, a vase or cup : the pileus
being often so formed.

1. C. aurantiacus, WxAi. (orange Chantarelle) ; pileus fleshy
subdepressed tomentose orange-ochre as well as the stuffed

Cantharellus.] FUNGI. 126

stem, folds straight orange. Wulf. m Jacq. Coll. v. 2. t. 14./
3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 318. Roques, Hist, des Champ, p.
75. — Merulhis aiirantiacus, Pers. Syn. p. 488. Nees^ Syst. f.
233. Agar, subcant/iarellus, Soiv. t. 413. Part. v. 3. p. 183.
— Stem black at the base. Ag. Cajitharelloides, Bullet. 505. f.
2. — Merulius nigrijDes, Pers. Syn. p. 489. — /3. lacteiis; cream-
coloured. Fr. I. c.

Fir-woods, Pastures, &c. Aug. — Nov. Common. — Gregarious.
Pileus 1^ — 2 inches broad, often irregular, slightly depressed, tomentose,
though sometimes quite smooth, as in Scotch specimens gathered by
Klotzsch, of a beautiful orange ; margin paler and involute; sometimes
there are slight traces of an umbo. Folds bright-orange, narrow,
straight, repeatedly dichotomous. Sporules elliptic. Stem 1 inch
high, \ — ^ of an inch thick, often excentric and curved, attenuated
below, subequal, or incrassated at the base, in general of the same colour
as the pileus ; often black at the base when old ; much sn)oother than
the pilehs.

/3. On the roots of grass. Sept. Weymouth, in a salt-marsh. Dry

pasture. King's Cliife, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley Pileus H inch

broad, depressed and sometimes umbonate, nearly white or shaded with
rich yellow-brown. Folds white or brownish cream-colour. Sporules
elliptic. Ste)ii 1 — H inch high, \ — ^ of an inch thick, of the same
colour as the pileus. Smell strong.

2. C. cibdriiis, Fr. (common Chantarelle) ; buff-yellow, pileus
fleshy subrepand smooth, folds tumid, stem solid attenuated
downwards. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 318. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 396.
Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. '25S. Roques, Hist, des Champ, p. 7G. t. 10.

f. 1. 2. — Fungus angidosiis, <^-c. Vaill. Far. t. 11./ 14, 15. — A.
cantharellus, L. Suec. 1207. Schwff. t. 82. Bull. t. 62. 505.
/ 1. Bolt. t. 62. Smv. t. 46. — 3l€rulius Cantharellus, With.
V, 4. p. 145. Purt. V. 2 c^- 3. n. 897, t. 10.

Woods. Summer and Autumn. Common. — Subgregarious. Pileus
1 — 4 inches broail, fleshy, firm, variously lobed, depressed, the margin
vaulted, smooth, shining, of a rich yolk of egg yellow, paler when dry ;
flesh white or yellowish. Foh/s much sinuated, but evidently forked,
thick, fleshy, decurrent. Sporules elliptic. Stem 1 — 2 inches high,
i — 1,. an inch thick, attenuated downwards, smooth, tough, yellow,
diffused into the pileus. Smell very agreeable, like that of ripe apricots ;
taste agreeable, but pungent. Much firmer than C. aurautiarus. This
species forms, according to Bulliard, a main article of food in some
districts of luiropc, though dangerous when eaten raw. It must not,
when sought for that purpose, be confounded w ith the foregoing species
which is reckoned unw holesome, if not poisonous.

3. C. tuhcrformis, Bull, (trumpet-shaped Chantarelle) ; pilcMis
submcinbranaceous iinil)ilicate ruguioso-squamose, folds straight
I'inercous-yrllow, stem lioilow yellow. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p, S\\).— Fu,u/us, .Sc Vaill. Par. t. 11./ 9, 10.— Helrtlla tub<c-
formis, Bull. t. A(\\.— Peziza undulata, Polt. t. 105. /I 'i.—Agar.
cantharel hides. Sow. t. 47. — Mtrulius rillosus, Pers. ir. ^ desr. t.
6. /i 1. Merulius tuhafhrmis, Pers. Sy/t. p. 4S9.

126 FUNGI. [Cantharellus.

Dry woods. Aug. — Oct. Not very common. Ramsden wood near
Halifax, Bolton. Inverary, &c. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. Thorn-

haugh, Norths, on the roots of a Carex. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley

Gregarious. Pileus 2 inches broad, thin, at first convex, at length
much undulated, depressed and very deeply umbilicate, occasionally
pervious, scrobiculato-squamose, brownish-yellow. Folds straight, forked,
slightly anastomosing, cinereous-yellow, frosted with a white bloom.
Asci linear. Sporules white, round. Stem 2 inches high, \ of an
inch thick, hollow, compressed, thickest downwards, smooth, slightly
downy at the base, saffron-coloured, brownish-yellow above. Notwith-
standing the narrowness of the folds, Sowerby's plant agrees better with
this species than the following.

4. C. lutescens, Pers. {yellowish Chantarelle) ; pileus submem-
branaceous infundibuliform undulated subfloccose, veins inter-
woven, stem hollow yellow. Fr. Syst. Myc.v. \. p.Q20. Grev.
Fl. Ed.p. 397. Purt. MSS.—Elvella tubcEformis, Schoeff. t.\bl .
— HelveUa cantharelloides, Bull. t. 47S.f. 3. — Merulius lutescens,
Pers. Syn. p. 489. Fl.Dcm.t. 1617. — Merulius cantharelloides,
Purt. 17. 2 Jf 3. n. 898. — Cantharellus villosus, Ditm. in Sturm,
t, 30. — Merulius xanthopus, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. jo. 19. ^. 13.

/I..

Moist woods. Summer and Autumn. Rare. Balmuto near Edin-
burgh. Dr. Greville. — Single or gregarious. Pileus 1 — 3 inches broad,
depressed, at length infundibuliform, yellowish livid-brown. Vei?is
decurrent, anastomosing, flexuous, yellow or flesh-colour. Stem 2 — 3
inches high, 2 — 3 lines thick, yellow, hollow, unequal." — Grev. I. c.

5. C. cinereus, Pers. (cinereous Chantarelle) ; pileus infundi-
buliform pervious squamulose blackish as well as the hollow

stem, folds distant cinereous. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 320

HelveUa hydrolips, Bull. t. 465. f. 2. — Merulius cinereus, Pers. ic,
4' descr» t. S.f. 3, 4. Pers. Syn. p. 490. — Agar. i?ifundibuliformi$,
Bolt. t. 34. — Merulius infundibuliformis, With. v. 4. p. 147.

Woods. Oct. Near Halifax. Bolton Intermediate between C.

lutescens and C. cornucopioides.

6. C. cornucopioides, L. (Cornucopia Chantarelle); subcaespi-
tose, pileus pervious trumpet-shaped squamulose umber-black,
wrinkles obsolete. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. l.jo. 321. — Peziza cornu-
copioides, L. Sp. PI. 1650. Lightf. p. 1050. Bolt. t. 103.
Sow, t, 74. Purt. V. 2 ^ Q. n. 1047 .—Elvella cornucopia,
Schoeff, t. 165. — E. punctata, Schoeff. t. 166. — Helvetia cornu-
copioides. Bull. t. 150. 498. f. 3. — Merulius purpureus, With.
V. 4. p. 147. — Merulius infundibuliformis, Hook. Ft. Scot. v. 2.
p. 25.

Woods. Autumn. — More or less tufted. Pileus 3 inches or more
broad, dark brown-black, perforated, trumpet-shaped, somewhat lobed and
split, tough, elastic, rugoso-squamulose, confluent with the subobsolete
black stem. Hymenium decurrent, cinereous (bluish rose-coloured or
purple. With, and Fr.) either very slightly rugulose or distinctly
wrinkled. Sporules elliptic.

CaniJuite/l'is.^ FUNGI. 127

7. C. sinuosus, Fr. {shiuated Chantarelle) ; pileiis infundi-
buliform submembranaceous undulated floccoso-villous brown-
grey, hymenium subplicate or nearly smooth, pale as well as the
stuffed stem. Fr. El. v. I. p. 52. — ElveUaJioriformis^ Schceff.
t. 278. Sow. t. Ib.-^Helvella crispa, Bull. t. 465./. X.—Meru-
lius tuhcBformis, var. sinuosus. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. p. 58.

Woods. Autumn. Kare. About London. Sowcj'bij. — Distin-
guishable from every state of the preceding by the colour and the dif-
ferent nature of the stem,

8. C. muscigeniis, Bull. (3Ioss Chantarelle) ; horizontal
pale-brown folds branched, stem short lateral. Fr. St/st. Myc,
V. I. p. 323. — Agar, muscigemis, Bull. t. 288. — Helvella dimidi-
ata, Bull. t. 498./. 2. — 3Ieridius muscigenus, Pers. St/n. p. 493.
Nees, St/st. f. 236. With. v. 4. p. 147.

On moss, straw-roofs, &c. Autumn. — " PUeus membranaceous,
tough, nearly semicircular, somewhat zoned, slightly undulated, dirty-
white, cinereous or dingy. Folds somewhat tumid, divergent, scarcely
anastomosing, confluent behind. Stem villous at the base ; sometimes
obsolete." — Fr. I. c. The present species is introduced on the autho-
rity of VVithering's citation of Bulliard ; it does not appear very plain
whether he had in view any thing more than a stemless variety found
in Packington Park.

9. C. lobdtus, Pers. (lohed stemless Chantarelle') ; sessile lobed
more or less brown, veins branched anastomosing. Fr. S//st.
3If/c. V. 1. ;;. 323. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. Q^l .—Helvella mewbran-
acea, Dicks. Crypt. 1.;^. 21. Bolt. t. 177. Sow.t. 348. Holmsk.
V. 2. t. 28. — Meridius lobatus, Pers. Syn. p. 494. — Merulius
meiubranaceuSy With. v. 4. p. 148. Part. v. 3. n. 1427. — Hel-
vella retiruga^ Bull. t. 498./ 1.

Wet boggy places, on moss, as Hypnurn cuspidatum and revolvens.
April — Autunui. — Pikusi lines — 1^ inch broad, membranaceous, hori-
zontal, often at length vertical, attached laterally by a few byssoid fibres
which son)etiines run down the moss for some distance, pale cinereous-
umber ; margin nearly white, under a lens most minutely scabrous, as
if it were innato-fibrillosc ; occasionally there are two or three faint
zones. Hymenium paler, consisting of radiating more or less anasto-
mosing wrinkles, with many connecting reticulate veins. Spondcs
round, rather large. When old it is often very muth lobcd and crisped
and then the wrinkles, especially at the base, are reticulate, though
towards tiie margin they continue distinct. At first sight it appears
like a pale minute specimen of PtUidca canina, much sodden with
moisture. On mature consideration, I do not hesitate to unite i\
lobatus and retirugu. There is every gradation from distinct prominent
folds to mere reticulations, and from a horizontal to a vertical pileus.
Greville's plant is, like mine, of a dilute pale-brown ; but I have found
some specimens nuich darker than the general state, though never so
dark as in Bolton's figure. Sowerby's plate exactly resembles some
states of niy plant.

10. C. IfPris, Fr. ( Pcziztilikc Chantarclk) ; sessih- plane
wliite or dirty white, veins obsolete. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I.

128 FUNGI. [Meridius.

p. 324. — ThelepJwra muscigma, Pers. Syn. p. 572.— Thelepkora
vulgaris, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. \. p. \\Q. t, 1 . f. b.

On moss. Stibbington, Hunts. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Dec. On
Hypnum splendens, Devonshire. Miss Simcoe. On Hypnum purum,
near Bungay, Mr. Stock. — Pileus 2 lines or more broad, at first sub-
globose, then expanded, minutely tomentose, somewhat lobed, very
thin, dirty-white. Hi/meninm rather uneven, but not distinctly veiny.
A vertical section shows it to be composed of three distinct layers,
first the hymenium, then a vesiculose, and lastly a vesiculoso-flocculose
stratum, and beyond this is the fine pubescence by which it adheres
to the moss. I have received much larger specimens fi-om Devonshire
than those gathered by myself, and more clearly showing that its true
affinity is with Cantharellus, rather than Peziza. My specimens are
not of a pure white, and are more decidedly downy than is implied by
the expression " obsolete sericeus."

3. Merulius. Hal. JNIerulius.

Hymenium veiny or sinuoso-plicate. Folds not distinct from
the flesh of the pileus, forming unequal angular or flexuous
pores. — Named from Merula, a blackbird, some of the species
being of a black colour.

' \. M. corium, Gr. (coriaceous 3Ieridius) ; at first resupinate,
at length more or less perfectly reflexed white and villous
above often zoned, hymenium pale minutely reticulato-porous.
Ft. el v. l.p. 58. — Thelepkora corium, Pers. Sy7i. p. 574.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 147. Fl. Ed. p. 409. — Auriculnria
papyrina. Bull. t. 402. Sow. t. 349. Witk. v. 4. ;;. 300. Purt.
Midi, Fl. V. 2. 71. 1021. (not Th. ockroleuca, Fr. v. I. p. 440.)
Timber, sticks, &c. Winter. Very common. — Plant 2 — 3 inches
broad ; sometimes completely effused with a white byssoid margin, but
not unfrequently the margin or even the whole pileus is regularly
reflexed ; often imbricated ; white, pubescent and zoned above, below
pale-buff or lilac, variously sinuato-rugose or reticulato-porous ; very
various in thickness, being sometimes a mere pellicle, while, on the
contrary, individuals occur as thick as Thelepkora kirsuta. The speci-
mens figured by Sowerbj' as Aur. papijrina, which I have examined,
are certainly the same with the species figured by Greville, which is
very common in the midland counties of England, and often occurs
much more perfectly developed than represented in their plates. I
have seen it covering the stump of a felled tree in the greatest pro-
fusion, imbricated and completely reflexed, with the hymenium beauti-
fully tinged with lilac. The distinguishing character of the present
genus, as compared with the foregoing, resides in the irregular, not
radiating nature of the folds. It approaches more nearly in structure
to Dcedalea than Agaricus.

2. M. auraiitiacus, Kl. (orange Meridius) ; pileus tough car-
iioso-coriaceous effuso-reflexed tomentose zoned, between yellow
and dirty- white, here and there cinereous, folds minute sub-
poriform indistinct-orange. Kl. MSS. in Hook. Herb.

On dead beech-trees. May. Duglestone. Klotzsch in Hook.

Merulius.] FUNGI. 129

Herb. — Pileus 1 inch broad ; zones obsolete, hirsuto-tomentose. Nearly
allied to the foregoing species.

3. M. Idchrymans^ Wulf. {dry-rot) ; effused large yellow-
ferruginous or deep orange, margin white tomentose, folds
large poroso-sinuate. Fr. Syst. Myc.v. 1./?. 328. Grev. FL
Ed. p. 397. FL Dan, t. 2026. — Boletus lachrymans, Wulf. in
Jacq. 3Iisc, v. 2. ;^. 111. t. 8. /. 2. Bolt. t. 167. f. 1. Sow.
<. 113. With. V. 4. p. 286. Part. Midi. FL v, 3. n. 1488.— J?.
arboreus, Soiv. t. 346. — Mer. destruens, Pers. Sy7i. p. 496.

On the inside of vvainscotting, where there is not a free circulation
of air, in hollow trunks, beams, ship-timber, &c. all the year. Too
common. — " Whole plant generally resupinate, soft, tender, at first
very light, cottony and white. When the veins appear, they are of a
fine yellow-orange or reddish-brown, forming irregular folds, most fre-
quently so arranged as to have the appearance of pores, b«it never any
thing like tubes, and distilling, when perfect, drops of water. Some-
times the pileus or substance of the plant, from its situation, produces
pendent processes like inverted cones." Grev. I. c. — 1 — 8 inches broad.
Sporides ferruginous. The only certain preventives of this dreadful
pest seem to be free circulation of air and impregnation of the wood
with a strong solution of corrosive sublimate. It is not improbable that
white of egg may in some cases answer the same purpose. See a very
curious article in the new series o( Annalcs des Sciences Naturelles,
V. 1 . p. 30, by Dutrochet on the origin of Moulds.

4. 3/. pulverulenfuSj Sow. (pulverulent DIeridius) ; very broad
soon separating at the margin, above velvety gradually perish-
ing in the centre, hymeniuni zoned, folds marginal subreticu-
late. Fr. EL v. I. p. 60. Purt. MSS. — Auriculciria pulveru-
lenta, Sow. t. 214. — Coniophora membranacca, j3. leiopluea, Pers.
JMyc. Eur. V. \.p. 153. — Byssus scptica, var. 3. pulverulenta,
Purt. Midi. FL V. 2. p. 608.

On moist walls ; all the 3ear. Ashhill, Norfolk, on Fir-Beams in a
wall ; the original specimens show that they were white-waohed. —
Forming membranaceous, orbicular, often conHuent patches, a foot or
more broad, soon separating all round from the substance on which they
grow, e(jual, even, soft, drv, composed of tender mucedinous down;
velvety and pale above. Hymcuium zoned, variegated, various in
colour, but towards the circumference ferruginous from the spornles.
The greater part of the surface is smooth and barren, but here and
there, especially towanis the margin, roticulato-poriform folds are dis-
cernible, showing its pro[)er place to be in the present genus. The
older fcilds collapse and at length decay. The above admirable descrip-
tion is taken from the Elcnc/ius of I-'ries, by whom fn ^t the species ;ij)-
pears to have been rightly iniderstooil. In imperfect or ill-tlevelopcd
specimens, the true nature of the |)lant is scarcely discernible. Sow-
crby's plant, of which a portion is now before me, seems to have been
gathered in an unfavourable state, but he aj)|)ears, fiou) the short l)ut
accurate account which accompanies his figure, to have had >on)c .sus-
picion of its affinity with jMrriilins Inrhn/nuins, though this i>. bart ly
cxpresseil. Sjjcciniens marked by Klotzsch in Dr. IIooktrN Hci ba-
rium, appear to be in even a njorc highly developed itato thini those

K

130 FUNGI. [Dcsdalea.

described by Fries. They are much thicker, and while one specimen
accords exactly with the above description as to the nature of its
pores, another approaches very nearly to some states oi Merulius lach-
rymans^ and the centre is copiously and distinctly reticulated.

5. M. Carmichnelicmus, Grev. (CannichaeVs 3Ierulms) ; very
tliin, forming effused entirely resupinate irregular interrupted
confluent patches, folds forming regular angular reticulations.

Polyporus CarmichaeliaimSy Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 224. — -

Poly poms reticidatus, and sanguinolentus^ Carm. 31 SS, — ■
Mendii/s reticidatus, Kl. in Hook. Herb.

On bark, at Appin, Captain Carmichael. — The present minute but
very curious species forms a mere pellicle, in its dry state of an uniform
dull-browri, scarcely distinguishable from the bark on which it grows;
but when examined with a moderate magnifying power, the regular
often hexagonal reticulations exhibit a very elegant appearance, like the
cells of a honeycomb, but quite superficial.

4. ScHizoPHYLLUM. Fv. Schizophylluni.

Gills radiating from the base, composed of a folded mem-
brane which is ruptured along their edge, the two portions of
the fold becoming re volute, bearing asci only on the outer sur-
face.— Name, 0"%/^^, to cut, and (puyXo-j, a leaf, in allusion to the
appai-ently divided gills.

1. S. com mime, Fr. (^common Schizophyllvm). Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. ^.p. 330. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. Gl. — Aqaricus alneus,
Linn, Suec. 1242, Sc/fCFf. t. 246. /. 1. Bull t. 346, 581./ 1.
Sow. t. 183. With. V. 4.' p. 269.

On wood : occasionally in various places both in England and Scot-
land, but not common. — Pileus 1 — H inch broad, sessile or with a
short lateral stem, sometimes resupinate and supported by a stem-like
process arising from the centre of the pileus; white or greyish, zoned,
tomentose ; margin even or variously lobed and split. Gills reddish-
brown or whitish, fiabelliform, apparently but not truly forked ; the
inner barren face villous with the flocci, of which the substance of the
pileus is composed; the outer surface alone bearing asci. This beauti-
ful Fungus is found in almost every part of the world. I have now
before me individuals from New Orleans, Demerara, St. Vincents,
India, Mauritius, and Madeira, besides European specimens. The
outline of the pileus is very variable, as also the depth of the zones
and the degree of pubescence.

5. D^DALEA. Pers. Daedalea.

Hymenium composed of anastomosing gills or flexuous elon-
gated pores, formed out of the corky substance of the pileus.—
Named from dcedalus, ingc7iioiis, ciimiing, from the pretty
sculptured-like pores and sinuosities of the Hymenium,,

1. D. biennis. Bull, (biennial Dcsdalca) ; pileus somewhat
corky depressed rather velvety suhferruginous or rufous, pores
Avhitish or flesh-coloured, stem blunt or obsolete. Fr. Syst,
Myc, V. 1. p, 332. Grev. FL Fd. p. Q98.^Boletus biermisy

DiBdalea.] FUNGI. 131

Bull, t 449. /. 1. Sow. t. 191. Purt. JMidl Fl v. 2 c^ 3. n.
995.— B. albidasy With. v. 4. p. ^^l.—DcEclaka albida, Purt.
Midi. Fl. V. 3. Ji. 1494. f. 38. BoLfrondosns, Pvrt! v. 2 o- 3.
H. 992.

Stumps of trees near the ground, especially where trees have been
felled. Summer, Autumn, and Winter. — PUtus 1 — 3 inches broad,
velvety, sometimes marked with concentric zones, oft^n perforated by
grass, leaves and small sticks, corky but watery, hard when dry, fur-
nished beneath with rather large, irregular wavy pores, more or less
flesh-coloured, especially when bruised- Stem, when present, lateral,
J — 2 inches high, velvety like the pileus, sometimes quite obsolete.
Dimidiate stemless specimens often grow in an imbricated manner, and
sometimes constitute a compact solid mass consisting of numerous
alternate layers of pores and pileus. When gathered and laid in a
fresh state with the surface of the pileus downwards, a new hymeniuni
is quickly formed upon it.

2. Y). cjiier cilia, 1^. {oak-icocd Dcedalea) ; sessile pale wood-
colour, pileus corky smooth somewhat zoned rugulose, gills
contorted sinuous anastomosing. Pers. Sz/n. p. 500. Fr. Sijst.
Mi/c. V. 1. ;?. 333. Part. Blidl. Fl. v. 3. p. 247. Grev. ^FL
Ed. p. 398. Sc, Crypt. Fl. t. 238. Klotzsch, Fuiuj. Germ,
cxs. n. 26. — AgaricKS querchnis, Linn. Suec. 1241. Bolt.t. 73.
/ £. Sow. t. iSl. With. V. 4. ;;. 269.—^. lahipijtthiformis,
Bull. t. 352, 442. f. 1 — A. dubius, Schceff. t. 231. ^Bccd. gibbosa,
Purt, V. 3. p. 248. t. 14.

On posts, stumps of trees, &c., principally of oak. Perennial, com-
mon.— Pdeus 5 — G inches broad, sessile, dimidiate, of a pale woody
appearance, smooth, marked with concentric raised or depressed zones
and little radiating wrinkles, the margin in well-grown specimens thin,
but in ill-developed individuals swollen and blunt, in which slate it is
B. (jibhosa, Purt. Gills of the same colour as the pileus, with some-
times a slight sluide of j)ink, woody, thick, sinuous, branched and anas-
tomosing, so as to form long wavy pores a Ime or more broad. Some-
times the whole plant is rcsuijinate or decurrent, in which case the
partitions are often elongated into tooth-like processes,

3. 7). bctidi/ia, L. (pale straiyht-gilhd Badaha) ; sessile
pale, pileus coriaceous zoned tomentose or villoiis, gills straight
Lut little branched. Fr. S/jst. Myc. v. \. p. 333. Purt. Midi.
Fl. V. 3. J). 247. Fl. Ban. t. 1556. Kl. Ftniy. Germ. e.is. n.
27. — Ayaricus betidinus, Finn. Succ. 1244. Sow. t. 182. }Vith.
V. 4. p. 2G8.—A. coriaceus, Bull. t. 537. / C. G. P. M. 394.
Bolt. t. 13. f. c. d. 158. Pers. Syn. p. 486.

On trunks^of various trees, but especially birch, posts, Sic. Perennial ;

not imcommon Smaller and ihinmr than the last. Pikns 2 — 4 inches

broad, coriaceous, sessile, dimidiate, deeply grooved concentrically and
clothed wiiii ilcnse pubescence or coarse velvetv down, grevish or jnilc ;
often green from various miiuitc Ab/tr. (Ulls straight, much thinner
than in the last, tan-coloured, not much branched or anastomosing,
their margin al length torn.

132 FUNGI. \[I><sdal€a.

4. Z). sepidria, Wulf. {cuttle-fish Dadalea) ; sessile, piTeus
coriaceous zoned stri^oso-tomentose chocolate, the margin and
branched slightly anastomosing gills yellowish. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V, 1. p. 333. — Agaricus sepiarius, Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. v. 1.
p. 347. — Agar, hirsutus, Schoeff. t.76. Pers. Syn. p. 487. Nees,
Syst.f. 182 — A. boletiformis. Sow I ^.418.

On unsquared deals in a Thames Dock. Nov. Sowerhy Pileus

2 — 3 inches broad, dimidiate, elongated, often confluent, deeply zoned,
strigoso-lacunose, of a rich deep-chocolate, margin paler, sometimes
white, substance coriaceous, fibrous, of a fine ochre or rhubarb colour ;
occasionally entirely resupinate. Hi/menutm composed of brownish
plates, tolerably regular, but here and there slightly branched or inter-
rupted so as to form pores. A fine species, of which I possess native
specimens through the kindness of M7\ J. D. C. Soicerhy. D. medul-
laris. Part, seems to be the present species, according to his descrip-
tion, taken in connexion with his quotation of D. asserculorum^
Mougeot. D. sepiaria, i^Purt. MSS.) proves, on examination of
authentic specimens, to be only a state of D. betidina. The plant
published by Mougeot, when examined accurately, appears, however,
to be the following.

5. D. ahielina, Bull, (y?/- Dcsdalea) ; sessile, pileus between
corky and coriaceous zoned brownish-umber at length smooth,
gills straight somewhat branched glaucous. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1. p. iiU.^Agar. abietiuus, Bidl. t. 442. f. 2. 541./. 1. Pers.
Syn. p. 486.

On deals. Perennial. Glasgow. Klotzsch in Hook. Herb. — When
young much like the last, but the pileus is uniber and in age becomes
quite smooth and the gills nearly simple, of a pruinose cinereous hue.
Pileus It — 4 inches broad, thinner. This species has been gathered
.in Demerara by Mr. Parker. Po.ssil)ly both this and the foregoing may
have been imported into our Dock-Yards, as is certainly the case some-
times with Schizophyllum commune.

6. D. Bullidrdi, Fr. (corky Dcedalea) ; sessile rufescent,
pileus soft then coriaceous smooth, pores broad irrpgular. Fr,
Syst. Myc. V. \. p. 33.5. — Bol. siiberosus, Bull. t. 482. Purt,
Midi Fl. V. 2 4' 3. n. 997.

Generally on the ash ; not common. Purton. — This appears to be
what Purton intends by Pol. suberosus ; for in addition to his asser-
tion that the figure of Bulliard is a good representation of his plant, in
a MS. now before me he observes, " I think this would more properly
rank with the Bcedaleas?' B. suberosus of Sowerby is quite different,
having minute pores, which are tolerably regular, and not at all like
those of the genus Dcsdalea.

7. D. confragoso^ Bolt, (rugged Dccdaleci) ; sessile, pileus
between corky and coriaceous zoned and scabrous brick-red
inclining to brown, pores cinereous labyrinthoid. Pers. Syn,
p. 501. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 336. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 3. n.
Ji49h-'Bol. labyrinthifomns. Bull. t. 49!. /. 1. A.D. With,
t7. 4. p. 288. — b. pores rufous-brown. Bolt, t, 160.

Dadalea.] FUNGI. 133

Old trees, especially Crab or Service. Perennial, rare. Fixby Hall
near Darlington. Polton. Near Bridgenorth, Salop. Purton,

8. D. unicolor^ Bull, (self-coloured Dcedalea) ; sessile, cine-
reous, pileus coriaceous villous zoned, pores unequal subflexuous
at length torn. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 336. Part. Midi FL
V. 3. p. 247. Kl. Fung. Germ, exs. n. 2Q.^Bol. unicolovy
Bull t, 408, 501./ 3. Bolt. t. 163. Sow, t, 325. With, v, 4.
p, 288. — Sistotreiita cinereum, Pers, Syn, p, 551.

Trunks of trees, stumps, &c. Autumn and early spring, very common.

Iiiibiicated. Pileus 2 — 4- inches broad, coriaceous, zoned, densely

villous, often green from minute Alyce. Pores narrow, small, irregular,
unequal, subflexuous. Specimens occur occasionally, very similar to
some states o^ Polyporus versicolor, but when once known it will not
be confounded either with that or Deed, betulina.

9. D. sunveolens^ Bull, (sweet- scented Dcedalea) ; sessile, pileus
between coriaceous and corky smooth, from snow-white be-
coming somewhat tawny, pores elongated irregular rufescent.
Pers. Syn, p. 502. Fr, Syst. Myc, v, I. p, 337. Purt, MSS.
—Boh suaveolens. Bull, t, 310. Purt. v. 2 S^ 3, n, 999. (ex-
cluding most of the synonyms).

On trunks of willows. Autumn, not common. Cambridge. Rev.
M J. Berhehy.—'' Easily distinguished by its odour (when young),
vthi( h resembles aniseed. White at first, then rufescent, zoned and
scabrous; within dingy straw-colour." Fr. I. c.

10. D. yibbosa, Pers. (gibbous Dcedalea) ; sessile dirty-white,
pileus corky villous, the base projecting and gibbous, pores
linear nearly straii^ht. Pers, Syn, p, 501. Fr. Syst. Myc, v.
1. p. 338. Kl. Fang, Germ, exs, n. 29. Fl, Dun, t, 1564.
(not of Purton). — B detas s'uiuosus, Sow. ! t. 194.

On the root of a poplar at Lambeth : Sept. ; black and decaying in
Dec. Sowcrby.— Sessile, dimidiate, zoned, corky, hard, elastic, zones
convex and tuberculated, dirty-white, beautifully velvety, when old
cinereous and green from minute Abjce, the edge obtuse or subacute,
often projecting at the base and veiy gibbous, but not invariably so ;
substance white ; pores linear, mostly straight, except at the base where
they are roundish or irregular, very narrow, pale-tan.

11. Z). angustiitay Sow. (inirrotv- pored Dcedalea'); sessile,
pileus corky zoned stained with crimson, the margin silvery
brown pubescent, pores dark Uuig narrow. Pers. Syn. p. 502.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v, I, p. 338 Bold us angustatus, Soiv ! t. 193.

At tlie foot of a Poplar, Lambeth ; Soutrby, who also received it
from Mr. liobson o{ Darlington.— Much like the last, hut the zoties
are much narrower, the dissepiineius dark and more like gills. The
specimen of />. yibbo.sa in Klotzsch's dried Fungi is quite as thin. 13ol.
albus. Bolt. t. 7H, wliich Fries considers ncarl) related, 1 am disposed
to think a state of Dad. biennis.

12. I), lafissi/nrr, Vr. (broad effused Difdtf ha) ; effused corky
thick undulated of a pale woody appearance, pores flexuous

134 FUNGI. [Polt/porus,

subrotund and much elongated. Fr. S^st. Myc. v. 1. p. 340.
Boletus resupinatus, Sow. t. 424. {ssc. Fi\ Lid. Alph. p. 62.)

On the ground, under an open shed at Battersea. Aug.^Sowerbi/.

Sowerby's plant is referred by Fries to I), latissima ; it is, however,

of a pink hue and apparently much thinner, though, perhaps. Fries
uses the term ''• crassa'' merely by way of contrast with the neighbour-
ing species.

6. PoLYPORUs. 3Iick. Polyporus.
Hymenium concrete with the substance of the pileus, consist-
ing of subrotund pores with thin simple dissepiments — Name ;
^o?.jc, many, and 'jtoooc, ^ pore, in allusion to the numerous 2?ore5
of the Hymenium.

* Pores large, angular.
1. P. Urdus, Berk. {Furze Polyporus) ; pileu? of a tough
elastic fleshy substance convex or subdepressed, at first slightly-
scaly, margin fibrilloso-squamose, pores large roundish or sub-
<][uadrate decurrent, stem central pilose or furfuraceous.

On living Ulex Europeans. Sept. 1832. Beeston, Notts. Bev.
M J. BevMey. — Pileus \\ inch broad, convex or slightly depressed,
at first furfuraceo-squamulose, reddish-brown, at length nearly smooth
ochraceous, the margin fibrilloso-squamose, of a tough fleshy substance.
Pores large, rather "deep, decurrent, roundish or subquadrate, at first
white, the^edees slightly toothed and powdered with the white oblong
sporules. S}em \—\ inch high, f of an inch thick, central, covered
v;ith pores to the "very base, only the lower ones are abortive and their
interstices pilose or distinctly furfuraceous, nearly of the colour of t^he
pileus.— A very elegant and distinct fungus, and quite unlike any with
which I am acquainted, resembling somewhat in habit certain species
of Fries' subgenus Lentinus.

2. P. squamosus, Huds. {large scaly Polyporus) ; broad,
pileus of a tough elastic fleshy substance, clothed with darker
scales, pores pale, stem blunt sublateral. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 343. Grev. Fl Ed. p. 399. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 207. Rost-
hovius in Sturnis Deutscfi. FL 3fon. d. Pol. t. 2. Klotzsch,
Fung. Germ. cxs. n. 30. — Boletus squamosus, Huds. p. 620.
With. V. 4. p. 283. Soiv. t. 266. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 2 4- 3.
71. 993. Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. cum. ic. — Bol.juglandis, Schoeff.
t. 101, 102. Bull t. \9.—B. polymorphus, Bidl. t. ll-i.

Decayed trunks of trees, stum|)s, &c., especially on Ash. Sum-
mer and early autumn, very common. — Solitary or imbricated. From
a subglobose or turgid scaly blackish knob arise one or more stems,
which are at first slightly compressed, flat, and hollowed out above where
they are furfuraceous; gradually the depressed surface expands but
more rapidly in the direcdon of the light and the hymenium is formed
beneath the small scales of the upper part of the stem, consisting when
fully developed of large angular pores becoming mere reticulations
towards the base. Pileus when fully expanded pallid-ochraceous with
scattered brown adpressed scales. Sporules oblong, white. If a portion

Pol^porus.]

FUNGI. 135

of the hymenium be torn off, a new stratum of pores is rapidly deve-
loped. This common but handsome species attains sometimes an enor-
mous size. An instance is recorded in Hooker's Fl. Scot, of its measur-
ing 7 feet 5 inches in circumference and weighing 3-4 lbs. avoirdupois,
and it was only three weeks in attaining these vast dimensions. In
vaults and hollow trees it sometimes assumes the form of a Clavaria^
but in this case seldom produces a pileus. Boletus rangiferinus, Bolt,
t. 138 is a good representation of this state, and an intermediate one is
fiaured by Sowerby. There is also a good figure given by John Martyn,
Phil. Tr. V. 43. ;a 263. t. 2./ 1 . It is eaten in some districts of France,
but is very tough and indigestible. See Kcques, Hist, des Champ, p. 56 .

3. P. heterocUtns, Bolt, (j/elloiu villous Fohjporvs) ; sessile,
pileus thin villous irregularly lobed yellow changing to orauge
brown, pores irregular pale yellow changing to brown. JFV.
Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1 . p. 344. — Boletus hettrocUiiis, Bolt. t. 1 64. Pint,
r. 3. n. 1487. Sow.t2>^l,

On the ground, growing from stumps partly covered with soil, rare.
Fixby Hall near Darlington. Bolton. King's Houghton. Purton. —
'* Pilc'fs 2:V inches broad. It shoots out several flat pieces from a
hard and coriaceous root, which is white within, lying on the surface
of the earth in a horizontal direction. Pores very variable in size and
form." Pnrt. MSS. Sowerby's plant, growing on willow, seems some-
what different; but in the absence of all description, and there being
no specimen remaining in his collection, it is best to take his own
authority for its identity. I have omitted entirely Bol. pellucirlu^y
"With., which Fries conceives near to P. siihsgnamosus, because it
appears highly probable, from his observation that it is subject to be
infested by the yellow Beticularia of BuUiard {^Sepeclonium wycO'
philum) that it \s some species o( Boletus, perhaps B. scaher which
sometimes has the tubes very short and the epidernns cracked, as in
the figure of Schceffer referred to, so as to resemble scales.

** Pores miniite siihrofund.

\ Stem cerdral or lateral.

4. P. hrumdlis, Pers. {printer Poh/porns) ; pileus of a tough
elastic flesjjy substance subuin})ilicatc villous fuliginous at
length pale, pores subaugnlar white, stem j)ale. Fr. Si/st 3Iijc,
V. 1 . p. 348. Rostk. I. c. f. 5. — Bol. hrumalis, Pers. Si, ft. p. 517.
—Elvella pileus, Schoff. t. 281.— i?. lacteus, Patsch, Pl.f. 42.

On Beech. Autumn and Winter, reviving in the Spring, t^cofand.
Klotzsch in Hook. Jfer/t.— Pihus 1 — I inches broad, nearly plane, de-
|n-essed in the centre, dingy, clothed with minute scales, at length fawn-
coloured and nearly smooth. I'orcs very slightly angiflar, w liitc, the
dissepiments rather thick. Stem ',' — 2 inches high, 2— 4 lines thick,
central, velvety, hirsute or sciunmulosc.

5. P. Icptoccphahis, Jacq. {small round Poh/j.orvs) ; pilous
Ijctweeu fleshy and coriaceous thin smooth fawn-coloured, pores
very minute subrotund white, stem sliort pale. Pr. Syst. 3Ji,c.
V. 1. ;;. 310.— 7V. lipt<((jfhalits, Jacq. Misc. 1. p. 14:.'. /. 12.
Dicks, fisr. 3. p.2\. With. v. 4. ;». 273.

On decayed slicks. JJic'.son.—'' Pdtus 1 inch broad, tawi ybr-y,

136 FUNGI. [Polyporus,

flat, thin, leather-like. Pores white, very short. Stem pale or reddish-
brown, thick as a crowquill and about half an inch high." With. I. c.

6. P. perennis, L. {perennial ciniiamon PoJyporus) ; pileus
coriaceous velvety zoned cinnamon as well as the stem, pores
minute of the same colour, at length torn. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 350. Grev, FL Ed. p. 398. Rostk. I. c. L 6 — Bol. perennis,
Li?in. Suec. 1245. Sow. t 192. With. v. 4. p. 275. Pers.

Syn. /?. 518. Purt. 3Iidl. FL v. 2 S^ 3. n. 1171 B. coriaceus,

Schceff. t. 125. Bull. t. 28, 449./. 2.—^. suhtomentosus, Bolt,
t. 87i — B.Jimhriatus, Bull. t. 254.

On the ground in sandy places, woods, ("old charcoal pits," Stack-
house) &c. Autumn and Winter, remaining through the following
summer in a growing state. — Pileus 1|^— -2 inches broad, varying in
depth of colour, cup-shaped when young, nearly plane when old; often
confluent, zoned, soft and velvety and marked with little raised radiat-
ing lines giving it a striated appearance ; margin fimbriate or laciniated.
Pores small, roundish or angular, at length torn, decurrent. Stem 1
inch high, varying greatly in thickness, very tough, velvety, bulbous
at the base.

7. P. vdrius, Pers. (variable Polyporus) ; pileus rigid smooth
even, pores minute subrotund pale, stem short even pale the
base almost always abruptly black. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 532.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 399. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 202. Posth. let. 11.
—P. nummularius, t. 12. — Bol. aurantius^ Schceff. t. 109, 110.
— Bol. variuSi Pers. Syn. p. 523. — Bol. hadius, p. 523. — BoL

lateralis, Bolt. t. 83. With. v. 4. p. 284 B. nigripes, With,

V. 4. p. 277. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 2. p. 663.-5. eleyons, Bull.
t. 46.— P. calceolus, t. 360, 445./. 2. Bolt. t. 168. With. v. 4.
p. 284. Purt. I, c. 71. 994. — B. nummidarius. Bull. t. 124.
Sow. t. 89. Purt. V.2 ^3. n. 986.— J5. hetulinuSy With. v. 4.
p. 282, and B. polyporus, p. 272.

Trunks of trees and branches lying on the ground ; all the year ;
common. — Very variable in size, ^ — 4 inches broad. Pileus hard,
lateral, excentric or regular, infundibuliform or convex, deep red-brown
or dirty- white, smooth and even. Pores decurrent, very minute and
shallow. Stem, when present, generally either altogether or abruptly
jet-black at the base. Occasionally the stem is altogether pale, from
which state B. substrictus. Bolt. t. 170, appears to differ in its angular,
and if the figure may be trusted, larger pores. The curious var. y.
convolutus, {Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. p. 32.) has been found at Clunie by
Mr. Arnott.

8. P. lucidus, Leyss. (lacquered Polyporus) ; pileus corky
smooth shining as if lacquered as well as the stem, pores
minute round pale. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 353. Grev. Sc.
Crypt. Fl. t. 245. Bosth. I. c. t. 13. Roques, Hist, des Champ,
p. 56, t. 2. / 1. — Bol. lucidus, Hooker in Curt. Fl. Lond. t.
224, Soxo. t, 134. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 2 ^ 3. n. 991.— P.
rugosm. With, v, 4. p, 281. — B, variegatus, Schceff. t, 263.^*^
—5. ohliQHatuSyB%dLi,l^M^^ "■

Polyporus.] FUNGI. ' 137

On the stumps of old trees : summer. In all parts of Great Britain
occasionally, but seldom in abundance. — Pileus 2 — 6 inches broad,
generally more or less oblique, very variable in thickness, rugose, often
marked with concentric grooves or ridges, chocolate-brown, the edge
often tawny or bright-chestnut, shining as if varnished, with occasionally
a vitreous appearance. Pores very minute, subrotund, pale, equal, at
length cinnamon. Stem 6 — 10 inches high, 1 inch or more thick, rugose,
marked occasionally with transverse lines of growth, shining like the
pileus; sometimes obsolete. Both the pileus and stem are occasionally
marked with minute wavy wrinkles. A most beautiful and highly
curious species, occurring in most parts of the world.

•\\ Stem branched,

9. P.frondosus, Schrank. {small-headed branched Polyporus) ;
very much branched, pilei dimidiate rugose dingy-grey, pores
white. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. I.j9. 335. Rogues, Hist, des Chawp,
p. 57. Rostk, /. c. t, 18.— B.Jro?idosus, Schrank, Fl. Dan. t. 952.
Dicks, fasc. 1. p. 18. Sow. t. 87. With. v. 4. p. 284. Tratt,
Essb. Schiv. t. U. — B. rajnosissinnis, Schceff. t. 127, 128, 129.
— Agaricus intybaceus, Ray, Syn. p. 23. Deering, Nott. p. 7.

On the roots of Oaks. Sept. — Oct. Not common. In England it
has been found by Diclisoii, Woodward, and Sowerbi/, and in Scot-
land by the Rev. Colin Smith, at Inverary. — " Pilei very numerous,
dimidiate, condensed into a convex tuft, ^ — 1 foot broad, imbricated,
variously confluent, irregular, at first downy, dusky, then smooth, livid-
grey ; disc depressed dilated above, ^ — 1 inch broad, convex, the base
confluent with the compound stem. Swell like that of mice." Fr. I. c.
Esculent. I do not understand Fries' remark " pori vix fuscescentes
ut Sow. t. 87," since in the figure the pores are white, and in the text
it is expressly said " pores and inner substance very white." This
species, which is reported as excellent for food, sometimes attains a
wciiiht of thirty lbs. or more. Indeed Clusius states that he had seen
in Hungary masses three feet high. Woodward found a mass two feet
broad, and the tiled lobes near the tree more than six inches deep.

10. P. gigdnteus, Pers. {giant Polyporus) ; *' imbricated and
branched, pilei very broad somewhat zoned rivulose ash-coloured
to brownish-yellow or dusky-brown, pores unequal greyish-
white." Piirt. MSS. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. ]. p. Sd6.—P im-
bricatus. Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. cum ic. FL Dan. t. 1703. —
BoL gigantcus, Pers. Syn. p. 521. — B. weseyitericus, Schieff,
t. 2G7 — B. clegans. Bolt. t. IG.— B.acanthoidcs, Bull. t. 486. —
B. imbricatus, Sow. t. 86. — Dccdaka imbricata, Part. Midi. FL
V. 3. n. 1493. ,^

On stumps of felled trees, hedge-banks, &c. Oct Jan. : rare. Near

Halifax, Jiolton. Kensington (tardcns. Sowerlti/. Wixford ; Binton ;
Oversley. Purlon. — P'orming large tufts, 1—2 feet or more broad,
branched in an imbricated manner. " Pilei sublatcral, fliicciil, various
in form, the smface granuhitcd with minute brown flucci, rigid, when
dry sqiiamoso-fibrillose ; at first pale, then brownish-ydlow i disc de-
pressed at length black. Pores n)inute, dirty-brown when bruised
at length torn." Fr. I. c. A description of this species, with which I

133 FUNGI. [Poli/porus.

am not acquainted, in Purton's MS. exactly accords with the above
characters given by Fries.

11. P. cristdtus, Schceff. {crested Polf/porus) ; imbricated and
branched, pilei deformed subtomentose greenish, pores snow-
white at length torn and sulphur-coloured. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 1. 2^. 356. Rostk. I. c. t. 16. — BoL cristatus, Schceff. t. 316,
317. Dicks, fasc. Q. p. 2\. With. v. 4. p. 282. Pers. Syn,
p. 322. Nees, Syst.f. 217.

Beech-woods. Autumn. Very rare. Dickson. — '' Stem^ lateral,
irreguhxr, pruinose, white at length brown. Pilei subcarnose, irregular,
confluent in an involute manner, villoso-pulverulent, about 3 inches
broad, yellow-green (golden-yellow, With.). Pores unequal, dirty-
white ; when torn more or less of a green hue." Fr. I. c.

12. P. sulphiireiis, Bull, {sulphur-coloured Polyjjorus) ; shape-
less polymorphous sessile irregularly imbricated nearly smooth
yellowish or orange-red, pores minute sulphur-coloured. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 357. Hook, Fl. Lond. t. 132. Grev. Sc.
Crypt. Fl. f. 113. Postk. I. c. t. 20. — Bol. sulphureus, Bull,
t. 429.' Sow. t. 135. With. V. 4. p. 289. Purt. Midi. FL
V. 2 ^- S. n. 1005. — B. caudicinus, Schceff. t. 131, 132. — B,
tenax, Bolt. t. 75,

Trunks of trees. Summer. Not uncommon. — Pilei imbricated,
foraiinf a large, compact, somewhat branched mass ; sometimes 2 — 3
feet broad. Pores minute, often formed of inflexed or incurved portions
of the mass. Sporules white, according to Bulliard. Dry sj)ecimei\s
are often incrusted with crystals of binoxalate of potash. Vide Grev.
I. c.

■\^\ Dimidiate, stemless.

-+ Autumnal.

13. P. hispidus, BviW. (ferruginous hispid Polyporus) ; pileus
thick ferruginous of a fibrous fleshy substance, pores pale-
yellowish fringed. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 362. Grev. Sc.
Crypt. Fl. t. 14. Fl. Ed. p. 400. Rostk. I. c. t. Sl.—B. his-

pidus, BidL t. 210, 493. Bolt. t. 161. Pers. Syn. p. 52J.—
B, villosns. Iluds. Fl. Ang. p. 626.-5. vehctinus, Sow. t. 345.
Purt. Midi. Fl. V.2 ^3. n. lOOQ.—B. sjjojigiosus, Light. FL
Scot. p. 1033. With. V. 4. p. 286.

On trunks of living trees, as ash, elm, apple, &c. Summer. ^ Annual ;
fvequent.— Pileus a foot or more across, 4 inches thick, dimidiate, with
occasionally an obsolete knob-like stem; generally very hispid, but
sometimes almost smooth and cracked ; substance fleshy but fibrous,
marked with concentric lines which seem to indicate different mtervals
in which vegetation has been more or less dormant, brown, blackish,
yellowish or ^reddish-brown ; below pale yellow, or rich sienna- brown
with the margin paler. Sporules pure yellow, often hangmg upon
spider's threads in elegant festoons beneath the hymenium. Close
to the bark of the tree the pubescence often resembles Ozonium auri-
ajmurn.

Fohjporus.'\ ruNGi. 139

14. P. spumeus, Sow. {frothy Polyporus) ; dirty- white, pileiis
fleshy funiislied with a short obsolete stem, at first very soft,
at lengtli between fleshy and spongy obtuse gibbous and
wrinkled hispid, margin incurved, pores short close subrotund.
Fr. Syd. Myc. v. 1. p. 358. El. I. p. 84. Fl. Dan. t. 1794.
— Bol. spiimcus, Sow. t. 211. — {B. suberosus, Wahl. Ups.
n, \{)b4.~B. pulvinatus, Wahl. Suec. n. 2001) fide Fries.

On decaying elms ; annual. Kensington Gardens, 8:c. Sowerhy.

Plmit 3— 4" inches across, thick, oozing out from the tree in a very

soft mass which hardens in a day, and if it dries favourably the pileus
becomes hispid. According to Fries, the figure of Sowerby represents
the species in an imperfect state, and tlien it is scarcely distinguishable
from P. hispidus except in colour. Tiie [)Iar.t figured in FL Dan.
grew upon beech.

H — 5- Animal.

15. P.cdsiuSj Schrad. [hlue-stained Polyporus) ; pileus fleshy
somewhat silky dirty- white blue when bruised, pores minute
white lacerated. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 3 GO. Grev. Fl. Ed.
;;. 401. FL Dan. t. 1863. / 2. Sup.—BoL cccsiiis, Schrad.

Spic. jj. 167. Pers. Syn. p. 526 — BoL albidus, Schcrff. t. 124.
Sow. t. 226.

On trunks of Fir-trees ; annual. Near Newmarket. Mr. Hemstead.
Croydon Ivoad ami Huinault Forest. Sowerhy. Bahuuto, near Edin-
burgh. Dr. Greville. Common in the Highhuids, Klotzsch. — A small
species, | — 3 inches broad, variously inibricated and laciniated, some-
tunes stipitate, very delicate, changing when touched to bkieish. Flesh
thin. Fores of various lengths, sometimes oblique and deeper than the
tlesh of the pileus.

16. P. aduslus, Willd. (scorched Polyporus); pileus of a
tough fleshy substance villous pale, margin at length black,
pores minute round cinereous. Fr. SysL Myc. v. 1. p. 363.
FL Dan. t. 1850./. \.—BoL aduslus, Willd. Ber. p. 392.— i?.
pclleporus, BulL L 501./. 2.— b. pileus yellowish. B. car-
pineus, Sow. ^.231. Purt. v. 3. n. 1600.

Trunks of trees. Clifton, Notts. Rev. M. J. Bcrhelcy.—b. On
Hornbeam. Not unfrequent. Sowerby. On an old willow at Claverly
near Bridgenorth. Furton. — ''Pores very small and grey, even in
younger specimens always leaving a whitish margin on the under side
'which will readily di:,tinguish it." Sow. L c. Sowerby's original
specimens are now of a dull reddish-brown, with the tubes darker and
not extending to the niargin ; their substance bard and corky ; they
have scarcely any of the scorched appearance which is very remarkable
in the s()ecimenb from Nottinghauiahire. The^e are of a softer sub-
stance wJicn dry, and the pores are not (piitcso minnle.

17. P. nnwrphus, Fr. (yellow pored silhy Polyporus) ; pilei
of a tough fleshy substaiu-e eftuso-reflexcd silky wljite, pores
minute yellow. />. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 361. El. v. 1. p. 88.
— /-*. ounoluSy Pers. Myc. Ihir. r. 2. p. 60.

On tnuiks of fir. Nut uncommon in the llighhuuh of Scotland.

140 FUNGI. [Polyporus.

Klotzschy in Hook. Herb.—hhont Edinburgh. Dr Greville. — Resu-
pinate, with the upper margin reflexed or dimidiate, imbricated some-
what zoned, white and silky. Pores minute, short, yellowish or rich-
tawny, pruinose when young.

18. P. irregularis, Sow (inultiform Polyporus) ; small, pilei
thin imbricated and confluent smooth but opaque, pores minute
dirty-white A'ery sliallow. — Bol. irregularis, Soiv. t. 423.

On pine-leaves and old trunks. Highlands of Scotland. Klotzsch,
in Hook. Herb. — Sowerby's plant, to which Klotzsch refers his
specimens, agrees in every respect, except that he describes the pileus
as downy in parts, no appearance of which is exhibited in the specimens
before me.

19. P.betulinvs, Bull. (Birch-tree Polyporus) ; pileus fleshy-
smooth pale reddisli-brown furnished with a very short obliquely-
vertical obsolete stem, pores unequal white. Fr. SysL Myc,
V. 1. p. 358. Grev, Fl. Ed. p. 400. Sc, Crypt. FL t. 229.
Postk. l. c. t. 22. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ. exs. n. 32. — Bol.
betulimts, Bull. t. 312. Bole. t. 159. Soia. t. 1 12.

On trunks of dead birch-trees. Summer and autumn: annual. —
" Pileus 4 — 6 inches across, smooth, pale reddish-brown when mature,
often mottled, roundish or somewhat reniform. Flesh white, very
thick. Pores white or tinged with brown, narrow, the orifices toothed,
separable from the pileus when fresh, but really concrete with it.
Sporulcs white." Grev. I c. Taste and smell acid. Withering's
B. betulinus, found on the ash, appears to be a different species. The
epidermis is very thin and delicate and easily peels off; when dry the
whole plant is very light ; its texture between coriaceous and corky.

20. P. suaveolens, L. (sweet-scented Polyporus) ; pileus of a
fleshy somewhat corky substance zoneless villous white, pores
rather lare:e brownisli. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 366. Fl. Dan.
t. 1849. Klotzsch, Fung. Germ. exs. n. 34. — Bol. suaveolenSf
Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1646. — B. scdicinus, Sow. t. 227. — B. suberosus,
Bolt. t. 162.

On Willows : not common. — On a fallen tree, apparently a Poplar,
at King's Cliffe, Norths. ; Rev. M. J. ^crAc%.— Generally solitary.
When dry, very light and soft, whereas the following becomes hard
and has the pores more irregular. Sowerby says that this species
generally occurs on the upper part of old willow-stumps, while the
next grows on the lower part. An inspection of Sowerby's original
specimen enables me to correct the references of Fries. Sowerby's
B. salicinus is undoubtedly the same with the species published by
Klotzsch as P. suaveolens.

21. p. salicinus, Grev. (subimbricated Willow Polyporus);
sessile or dimidiate, between corky and coriaceous nearly smooth
slightly rugged white at length brownish, pores white short
irregular. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 400. — P. suaveolens, var. salicinus,
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I . p. 366. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb — Bol.
suaveolens, Sow. t. 228.

On Willows, &c., very common. Autumn. — When dry, the present

Poli/porus.] FUNGI. 141

species is hard and altogether different from the foregoing. It is by no
means confined to willows. The scent is very strong, like that of
aniseed in the fresh plant ; Greville, however, describes it as almost
scentless. I have not here attempted to assign accurately the synonyms
of the earlier English writers on Fungi. Purton's B. salicinus appears
to be the present species.

22. P. vehdmits, Pers. (velvety Pohjporus) ; imbricated whitish
or brownish- grey, pileiis between corky and coriaceous tliin
velvety obscurely zoned, pores exceedingly short minute round
whitish. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 368. Grev. Ft. Ed. p, 401.
- — B, velutimis, Pers. Sy7i. p. 539.

On trunks and stumps of trees generally close to the ground. Spring
to autumn. I^ot rare about Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. — More or less
imbricated. Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad, velvety, undulated, obscurely
zoned, between corky and leathery, margin thinner than in the follow-
ing species, shrinking and curling inwards when dried ; colour various,
whitish with a cottony margin, yellowish-fuscous, or brownish-grey ;
the latter is most common. Pores whitish or yellowish, minute, round,
very short, often disappearing towards the margin. The whole of the
above account is taken, from Dr. Greville, who is the only authority for
the species.

23. P. versicolor, L. (^party-coloured Pohjporus^ ; pilei cori-
aceous villous adorned with various coloured zones more or
less shaded with blue, pores round white. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 368. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 402.— Bol. versicolor, Li?m. Suec,

1254. Bidl.t.m. Bolt. t. 81. Soiv. t. 229,. SS7.f. 7. With.
V. 4. p. 287. Part. Midi. Fl. v. 2 S^- S. n. 1001.

On trunks of trees, posts, sticks, &c. : extremely common. — Variable ;
sometimes quite resupinate, or with the niargin rcflcxed ; more generally
dimidiate and densely imbricated, occasionally spuriously stipitute, more
or less lobed, villous, marked with regular concentric smooth shining
zones of various colours, sometimes entirely white, and not unfrcquently
the whole surface is villous and the zoiues mere depressions.

24. P, pallescens, Fr. (pale Poly poms) ; pilei subcoriaceous
subpulverulent zoneless pale-ochre, pores unequal. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. \.ji. S()9.—B. pcllrpor?ts, Sow. t. 230.

On old stiMups : not common. Clifton, Notts, llcv. M. J. Bcrhelcy.
— Thin iml)ricated, 2—3 inches or more broad, with scarcely any trace
of zones, more or less tubercuhited, j)orcs minute, many quite super-
ficial, but towards the base a line or more ilee[i. l^oth the original
specimens of Sowerby and those collected by myself have a pulverulent
aj)pearance arising from a very minute down.

25. P. ahictinus, Pers. (riolrt Poh/porus) ; effnso rcflcxed
pileus coriaceous <lirty-\vhite villous, pores toothed more or less
tinji^cd wltli violet. Fr. Si/st. Blifc. v. I. ;;. 370. llooh. Fl.
Loud. N. S. mm ic. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 402. Sc. Crypt. FL
t. 226.— Pol. abit'tiniis, J)ichs. Crypt, fnsc. 3. /. 9. f. 9. Pers.
Syn. p. 54 1 . With. V. 4. p. 2S9. Part. Midi. Fl. v. 3. ;;. 242.
L 13 — Sistotrema violaceu/fiy Pers. Syn. p. 551,

142 FUNGI. [Polijporus.

On dead fir-trees ; commox\.—Pileus 1—2 inches across, sometimes
entirely resupinate with the exception of the extreme margin and spread-
ing over several inches ; more generally effuso-reflexed, thin, coriaceous,
zoned, whitish, often stained with minute green Algce, more or less
villous. Pores very irregular, laciniated, sometimes resemhling hydnoid
teeth, more or less of a violet hue, which fades when the plant is past
maturity.

-5 — \ 1- Bieimial or Perennial.

26. P. idmdrms, Sow. {Elm-tree Polyporiis) ; pileus between
flesiiy and corky zoneless smooth whitish, pores small at first
bright tawny. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 3G5 — Bol. ulmarius,
Sow. t. 88.

In hollow elms ; not common. Madingley, Cambridgesh. ; Chis-
wick, Middlesex. Rev. M. J. Berkelei/.— Effused, with an obtuse
occasionally free margin, forming a new stratum every year, so that a
section gives several distinct layers of pores and flesh alternating with
each other. Flesh white. Pores minutely tawny. Substance, when
dry, hard and corky. A very distinct species.

27. P. Scoticnsy Klotzscli, {brown stratifed Polyporus) ; effused
or effuso-reflexed margined brownish zoned, pores white.
Klotzscli T4SS. in Hook. Herb.

About the roots of trees : not uncommon in England and Scotland.
— Forming masses 3 — 18 inches wide, of imbricated, rugged or radiato-
striate brown jrdci, occasionally tawny towards the margin, marked with
strong, vaulted zones which arise from each annual layer projecting
beyond that of the preceding year. Substance white, hard and woody.
Pores middle-sized,.white, or'with a pale reddish-brown tint, margined
above as well as below, so that each layer appears resupinate — This
species, which seems to have almost every point in common with P.
resinosus, and is distinguished from it chiefly by its longer duration, is
named by Klotzsch in Hook. Herb., P. Scoticus. A more appropriate
name might certainly be found, but as it is possible that he may have
published^ this, as well as many other new species, from Dr. Hooker's
Herbarium, I consider it proper_to retain it.

28. P. cytisi?nis, B^vk. {Laburnum Polyporus) ^ large imbri-
cated, pileus coarsely tuberculated, margin subacute, substance
very close but composed of velvety fibres nearly ^yhite as M'ell
as the minute pores Bol. suberosus, Soiv. t. 288.

At the foot of a Laburnum near London, where another specimen is now
growmg on the same portion of the trunk from whence my specimen was
gathered. Mr. C. Sowerby.— lmhncnted, above a foot across, dimidiate,
quite smooth (at least when dry) but coarsely tuberculated. Substance
slightly zoned, very thick and close, pale, evidently composed of two or
three successive layers. This is certainly the same as B. suberosus^
Sow., though the texture of that seems 'a little more wo^dy and the
dried specimen now before me is reddish, which, however, may arise
from its having been impregnated with oil, which appears sometimes to
have been Mr. Sowerby's practice for the preservation of specimens.
The only species at all according with it is P. rnarginatiis, but that
appears to be of quite a different colour. I can find no notice of Sowerby's
figure in the Syst. Myc.

29. P. fraxineus, Bull. (Ash-tree Polyporus) ; hard, pileus

IPolyporus.] FUNGf. 143

thick smootli dirty-white at length somewliat of a brick-red,
pores minute pale. Fr. SysL Myc. v, I. p. 374. — B.frajcineiiSj
Bull t. 433./. 2.

On ash and elm. Madingley, Canib. Apethorpe, Norths. Bcv,
M. J. Berhekt/. — Solitary or imbricated, thick, nigged, somewhat zoned,
dark red-brown ; substance corky, pale. Pui-es minute, pale, of the
same colour as the pileus within. Smell strong and penetrating. The
specimens described above were gathered on the rotten stump of an
elm ; but another occi:rred on ash, apparently belonging to the same
species, of an enormous size, nearly 42 inches across, and had evidently
been growing a great numher of years, making very slow progress. The
upper surface is very rugged and somewhat cracked, whitish only at the
margin, the rest dirty-brown ; the orifices of the tubes are pale, and
their interior not red but nearly of tlie same colour. Substance of a
pale woody colour and very hard, resembling cork. 1 lie smell was
very strong, and is still perceptible in a dry fragment now before me.
If I am mistaken in referring this gigantic specimen to P. /rfMiz/ee^^,
the error may easily be corrected by any competent person, as it is
deposited in the Botanical Museum at Cambridge.

30. P. radidius^ Sow. (^radiated Polyporus) ; pilei coriaceous
radiato-striate slightly velvety brownish-yellow, pwes small.

Fr. Sysl. Myc. v. l.y;. 369. Fl. I. p. 102 B. radiaUis, Soiu.

t. 196.

On stumps. Stone Park, Withiham ; Sussex. — Tawny specimens
of P. versicolor sometimes occur, ver}^ much resembling this species ;
but it appears from Sowerby's own specimens, which are however in a
very decayed state, as well as the opinion of Fries, to be altogether
distinct.

31. P. pinicola, S\v. (Pine-tree Polyporus) ; hard, pileus
dilated pulvinate unequal blackish, margin vermilion, pores
round pale-ochre. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ^>>. .S72. — Bol. pinicola ^
Sivartz, 0/js. Bot. p. 88. — B. semioroidens, Scliceff. t. 270. — B.
igniarius^Pers. Syn. 2^.524. — b. margin yellow-brown.* Klolzsch
MSS.

On pine-trunks, var. h. Scotland. Arnott, — P/7e?^<f imbricated, very
hard,G inches broad, 4 inches thick at the base, gibbous, rugged, scabnnis,
zoned and sulcatc, much cracked, margin subacute, as well as the ratlier
large irregular sinuous pores. Substance spontiy, taw ny, soft, excellent
for tinder. The above account is taken from Klotzsch's MSS., on
whose authority the specimen now before me, which is very handsome
and appears to have grown very slowly, is consiilered a variety of P.
pinicola. If this be correct, it is difficidt to believe, as Fries positively
asserts, that is a persistent state of P. nianjinatus, as the pores in that
are described as " minimi, rotundi." •

32. P. dryadcus^ Pers. ( false Amadou') ; rather soft tuher-
culated more or less of a cinnamon line whitish in ago, nnirgin
swollen Avhitish as well as the minute pores, at length brownish.
Fr. ,Sysi. Myc. V. 1. p. 271. Fl. 1. p. \Q8.^Bol. dryadras,

Pcrs. Syn. p. 5.'i7 B. pseudo-itiniariuSy Bull. t. 4.)8. Part.

Midi. Fl. V. 3. 71. I4b6.

• Klot/.scli's tenn is " Kimdicciis," but that dues not ncooiU w ith tJic sjh i imrn.

144 FUNGI. [Polt/porus,

On old oaks : not common. Ragley Park. Himley Park near
Dudley. Purtpn. Morehay Lawn in Rockingham Forest, Norths.
Mev. M. J. Berheley. — Pileus 7 inches or more broad, 2\ thick, obtuse,
pulvinate, grossly tuberculated, minutely pitted towards the edge and
when fresh distilling drops of moisture, which is sometimes glutinous,
according to Purton. When young it is described by Fries as cinnamon,
when old it is cinereous or whitish as if overrun with some Thelephora,
and the white surface when bruised changes to red-brown. 3Iass of
pores nearly plane; pores minute, red-brown within, their orifices
whitish or subcinereous. Substance sxW'^ , /S/we// .'Strong, subacid. The
margin was evidently gnawed by Rabbits, causing the appearance of a
honeycomb divided vertically, which was probably the case also in Mr.
Purton*s specimens. Duration probably not more than two years.

33. P.fomenidriiis, L. (^real Amadou) ; pileus subtriangular
smooth brownish-grey soft within, margin pale, glaucous-whitish
or yellowish as well as the very minute pores, at length ferru-
ginous. iPr. St/st. Myc. v. \.p. 374. Greo.^ Fl. Ed. p. 400. —
Bol. fomentarius, Linn. Suec. 1252. Sow! t. 133. With. v.
4. p. 292. Pers. Syn. p. 536. Purt. Midi. Fl. t;. 2 <^ 3. n,
1008.—^. ungidatus, Bull. t. 49 J./ 2.— b. flat, thin. B. Lip-
sieiisis, Batsc/i, Co7it. \.f. 130. — B. applanatus, Pers. Obs. Myc,
2. p. 2. — B. fomentarius^ (3. applanatus, Pers. Syn. p. 536.

i)n oak, birch, &c. More or less diffused over the whole of Great
Britain, but seldom abundant anywhere, b. Hamilton. Br. Davidson.
— Pileus 4 — 5 inches broad, subtriangular, obsoletely zoned, nodulose,
brownish-grey, resembling coffee slightly tinged with milk ; sometimes
in age, especially when growing on birch, nearly white, occasionally
tinged with bright-yellow ; margin in general subacute, but sometimes
very obtuse, the substance reddish-brown, always much softer than in
the following species, but varying in density. Pores very minute, strati-
fied, whitish, glaucous, or yellowish-grey, at length ferruginous, the mass
of them in general concave. The best species for making Amadou, and
very widely distributed over the globe. 1 have before me specimens of
the plane variety from St. Vincents and Mauritius, and of the more
common state from Madeira. Thunberg appears to have met with it
in Japan. The plane variety differs only in being much thinner and in
the zones being narrower and more frequent.

34. P. nigricans, Fr. (black Atnadou Polyporus') ; very hard,
pileus thick black pulvinate grooved concentrically, the margin
and minute pores ferruginous. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 375.

Trunks of Birch trees, Inverary. Klotzsch in Hook. Herb. — A very
distinct species ; not at all fit for making tinder. The specimen before
me exactly resembles the figure marked A., Bull. t. 401, except that
it is of a bright shining black. The mass of tubes in this is quite plane.
But in specimens collected at I.^le a la Crosse, N. America, by Dr.
Richardson, and" publislied as belonging to this species in a paper on
exotic Fungi in the Linnaa, by M. Klotzsch, the pileus is much
cracked and not at all shining, and either black or in parts of a pale oj)aque
cinereous hue, as represented by BuUiard in the plate above cited, and
the tubes form a convex mass and are of a much redder brown.

35. P, ignidriuSf L. {hard Amadou Polyporus) ; hard, pileas

Polt/porus.] FUNGI. 145

thick obtuse nearly even ferruginous at length cinereous, mar-
gin and the minute convex pores cinnamon. Fr. Sj/st. Myc,
r. 1./?. 375. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 401. Klotzsch ! Fuvg. Germ,
exs. n. 36. — 13ol. igniaiius, Linn. Suec, 1236. Bull. t. 454.
(in part). Bolt. t. 80. Sozr. t. 132. With. v. 4. p. 291. Purt.
Midi. FL V. 2 c5' 3. n, 1007.— i?. ungulatus, Tratt. (Est, Schw.
t. 3. 71. 0.

On willow, cherry, plum-trees, &c. : very common. — Much harder
and of slower growth than the preceding and much less fit for
making tinder. The pileus is al.so narrower and very much thicker,
resembling a horse's hoof; the margin obtuse and the mass of tubes, in
general, either plane or very convex. Occasionally, w hen growing on
the under side of a branch, the pileus is very imperfectly developed.

36. P. Rihis, Schum. (^Currant-bush Polgporus) ; tawny-
ferruginous, pileus rather thin flattened and somewhat velvety,
pores short minute equal. Fr. Syst. Mt^c. v. I. p. 375. Part,

3ISS. Fl. Dan. f. 1794. / 2 P. ribesius, Pers. Myc. Eur,

V. 2.;;. SO— Bol. Pibis, Schum, Scell. 2. p. 386.

On the root of the red Currant and Gooseberry : very common.—
Imbricated, 3 inches or more broad, thin, zoned and velvety, of a
rather rich tawny-brown, the margin paler and brighter. Substance
soft, silky, fit for making tinder. Pores short, larger than in the fore-
going species, brownish-grey.

37. P. cofichdlus, Pers. (Shell-lilie Polyporus) ; hard, i)ileus
rather thin effuso-reflexed imbricato-sulcate yellowish-brown,
pores small cinnamon. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 376. — Bol,
conchatus^ Pers. Syn.p. 633. — B. impuber, Sow! t. 195.

On Sallow and Sulix alba; not nnconnnon. — This appears to be the
B. impuber, Sotv., original specimens of which are now before n)e ;
most certainly they arc not referable to P. cuticuluris. The s|)ecimens
from which the smaller figures were drawn, are not distinguishable fi-om
P. lUbis ; and it is probable that P. fcrruyinosus was also in view,
abundant s[)ecimens of which remain in Mr. JSowerby's collection, though
he has given no express figure of it. The specimen, from which the
larger figure was taken, seems to be the same w ith P. cunclidtus, w hich
occurs not uiinequently on pollard sallows. The principal distinction
between this and the foregoing species a|)pcars to reside in the harder
substance and smoother pileus. It varies in the degree in wiiich its
surface is grooved. Sowcrby's larger specimen is very little grooved
and coarsely nodulose.

38. P. unddtusy Pers. {wavy Polyporus) ; broadly effused
pale cinnamon broken up into wave- like elongated dopendcnt
tubercles, pores minute. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. />. 90. t. 16. f,
3. Fr. EL V. \.p. 111.

On fir stun)ps. Clifton, Notts. Pt v. M. J. Bcrlulty.—T\\e peculiar
stalactitic form of the present species certainly arises from its growing
in a particular position. The whole efliised or more i)roj)erly dccnnen't
mass is broken uj), as it were, into niinnte elongated ungulate depen-
dent pilei, the surface of whicii is slightly zoned and striated bv an
cflbrt of nature to form tubes uj)on it. Tlie substance is rather hard

I.

146 FUNGI. [Polyporus.

and consists almost entirely of tubes which are larger than those of P.
igniarius, and form either a plane or obtuse mass. Whatever the per-
fect form of this species may be, it is certainly very different from any
other known British species.

**** JResupinate.

39. P.ferruginosus, Schrad. (^small ferrvginoiis Polyporus) ;
effused rather thick tawny-cinnamon, browner when old, pores
subrotund unequal. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. }. p. 378. Book. Fl,
Lond. N. S. t. 163. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 402. Sc. Cnjpt. Fl t.
155.— -Bol. ferrugmosiis, Schrad. Spic. p. 172. Pers. Syn,
p. 544.

On rotten branches lying on the ground; not uncommon — At first
appearing under the form of a confervoid stratum which gradually
thickens and acquires pores in the centre ; generally wholly resupinate,
but occasionally slightly reflexed, in which case it is roughish and tomen-
tose. Fores minute, roundish, unequal. Specimens sometimes occur
many inches in length and, in parts, ^ of an inch thick, from several
individuals having become confluent.

40. P. incarncUus, Pers. {orange-fesh Polyporus) ; effused
coriaceous very thin submarginate, pores orange-flesh colour
minute round suboblique. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 379. EL
V. 1. p. 119. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 403. — Pol. incarnatus, Pers.
Syn. p. 546.

On trunks of fir-trees, especially when in a state of decay. Drum-
shoreland Muir, near Edinburgh ; Greville. — " Effused, irregular, thin,
coriaceous, marginate or immarginate ; margin white, cottony, rather
thick as if there was a tendency to become reflexed. Pores minute,
very short, round, subequal, straight or obh"que, of a fine flesh colour
approaching in some cases to orange. Sometimes small cottony pro-
tuberances occur amongst the pores, which have the appearance of small
pilei with tubes underneath." Grev. I. c.

41. P. medidla pdnis, Jacq. (crtimb of Bread Polyporus);
effused somewhat wavy hard smooth dry white, pores not
minute. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. \. p. 380. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 402.
Fl. Dan. t. 2028. /. 1. — Bol. medulla panis, Jacq. Misc. 1. p.
141.^. 11. Pers / Syn. p. 544.

On decaying branches and trunks of trees : not common. Dundas
Hill, near Edinburgh, Br. Greville.—" Effused, white, becoming yel-
lowish in age, roundish, tolerably defined, dry, thickish, following in
some degree the inequalities of the wood. Pores elongated, roundish,
straight or oblique, according to situation. Flesh almost none." Grei;,
I. c. I forbear quoting the synonyms of the earlier English authors,
as scarcely any species is involved in so much confusion as the present,
though itis very distinct, and if Jacquin's figure had been attended to,
need not have been misunderstood.

42. P. vulgaris, P. (common resupinate Polyporus) ; broadly
effused thin dry smooth wliite, pores minute subequal. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 1. /?. 331. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. A^Z.— B.Proteus ^
Bolt, t 166. a. b. c.

Boletus.l rUNGI. 147

On decaying wood at the bottom of posts ; sometimes spreading
over leaves. — Effused sometimes to the breadth of a foot, smooth, not
a line thick, nor to be separated from the wood without destroying it,
margin when young very slightly pubescent. Pores straight or oblique,
roundish. Tlie fii^ures at the bottom of Bolton's plate appear to
belong to Thelephora Avellana.

43. P. Vaillchitii, DC. ( Vaillant's Poli/porus); effused byssoid
costate whitish, pores rather large irregularly disposed in heaps
often oblong and irregular. Vaill. Bot. Par, p. 41. t. 8. f. I.
^P. Vuillantii, Fr. Syst. iMi/c. v. \. p. 383. El. v. 1. p. 122.

Bol. Vaillaniii, Pec. PL Fr, t. 6. p. 38. — B. medulla imnis^

Sow. t. 326.

Ou fallen trunks and on the ground : Sowerhj. Glasgow Botanic
Garden, Klotzsch in Iloolt. Herb. — " Forming a thin, white or slightly
rufesccnt, byssoid, broadly effused close, membrane, here and there tra-
versed by rooting ribs." Fr. I. c.

44. P. molhiscusy Pers. (^soft prostrate Polyporus) ; effused
thin soft white, the circumference iibrillose, pores slender un-
equal. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 384 Bol. latus, Soic. t. 887.

/.9.

On stumps, branches, rotten leaves, &c — At first forming a mere
fringed byssoid membrane, which gradually acquires moderate rigid
subrotund and angular pores, the partitions of which are so thin that
they very generally become lacerated.

45. P. Armeniacus, Berk, (hitff and white Folyporm) ; sub-
orbicular confluent extremely thin, circumference minutely-
downy, pores at first white then deep-buff.

On the bark of fir-trees ; Captain Carmichael. — Forming broadly
effused [)atches, composed evidently of many confluent orbicular indi-
viduals ; circumference minutely downy. Pores shallow, minute, nearly
round, at first white then bright buff", often confined to the centre, the
marginal portion being of a byssoid structure under a lens. This most
eleuant and apparently distinct species was marked by Captain Car-
michael as Polyporns Radula, b. V irg incus ; but as it does not accord
with that species, and the specimens arc remarkably perfect, I feel
myselfjustified in proposiug it as new. Another species occurs in the
same collection, marked Pohjporus vuhjaris, and aj)parently altogether
distinct ; but as there is only a single specimen and there are no very
prominent characters, it is perhaps better to omit it.

7. Boletus. Bill. Boletus.

llymcnltim distinct from the substance of the pilous, consist-
ing of cylindric separal)Ie tubes. Sjwrulcs oblong. — Name;
from /5w>o;, a bull ; from tiie riuinded form of many of tln'in.

1. B. liUcus, L. (dinf/y yelloiv Bolttus) ; pileus dingy-yellow
clothed with brown sliu»e which gradually disappears, tubes
adnate dull-yellow, stem furnislied with a ring, dotted al)ove.
Linu. Slice. 1247. ScUj)'. t. 1 14. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. ^J8G.

148 FUNGI. [Boletus,

With. V. 4. p. 278. Sow. t 265. — B. annulatuSf NeeSy Syst,
f. 204 (copied from Scliceff.).

Fir plantations, &c. Extremely common. — Pileus 3 — 4 inches broad,
dingy yellow, convex, covered at first with thick brown gluten, which
is soon washed off, but the pileus remains slightly viscid and clothed
with very minute matted silkiness. Flesh at first firm, whitish not
changing. T/z^es adnate, dull yellow, nearly simple, their orifices round
or slightly waved; sporules ochraceo-ferruginous. Stem, 4 inches or
more high, | an inch thick, straight or flexuous, at first white, but soon
sordid; hoary beneath the white persistent ring, glandular above;
sometimes the whole surface is glandular. I have not quoted Bulliard*s
figures, as they do not agree with any specimens I have met with.
Schceffer seems to have had both this and the following species in view,
the section apparently belonging to B. Grevillei.

2. B. Grevillei^ Kl. {bright yellow Boletus) ; pileus compact
bright yellow clothed with brown gluten which gradually dis-
appears, tubes decurrent of a golden sulphur, stem firm fur-
nished with a ring reticulated above. Klotzsch MSS. <^- Linncea,
vii. 198. Fr. hid. Alph. p. 59.— B. amiulariiis, Bolt, t 169 4-

84 (smaller fig.). — B. fiavus^ With. v. 4. p. 280 B. luteits,

Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 183.

Woods, heaths, &c. May — Oct. Common. — " Pileiis 2 — 5 inches
broad, compact, in moist shady places glutinous and bright yellow, in
exposed situations dry and brown. (Flesh pale yellow, not changing.)
Tubes unequal, of a golden sulphur, wavy ; sometimes with their orifices
ruddy. Ring dirty-yellow, membranaceous. Stem 2 — 3 inches high,
6 — 9 lines thick, yellow spotted with purple, thickened at the base,
reticulated above the ring." Kl. MSS. I copy the above description
from a MS. of M. Klotzsch, in preference to my own notes or Dr.
Greville's description, as he appears to be the first who of late has
rightly understood the species, though it is certainly Withering's B.
fiavuSy which name it ought properly to have borne. It is easily known
by its firm bright ^^\o\\ pileus^ whose flesh is also yellow, by its golden
sulphur-coloured decurrent tubes, and by the portion of the stem above
the ring being reticulated and not glandular. By these notes I had
myself purposed to distinguish it, and, if I mistake not, by the much
paler almost clay coloured sporules ; but on this point I speak cautiously,
as I have only the sporules of B., Grevillei before me, and it is always
hazardous to trust to descriptions of colour. It does not appear to be
B. cortinatuSy Pers. as Klotzsch supposes, since he states the flesh of
that to be white.

3. B. laricinuSy Berk. {Larch Boletus) ; pileus dirty- white
with livid stains clothed with dirty yellow slime which gradually
disappears subsquamose, tubes adnate subdecurrent compound,
at first nearly white, stem furnished with a ring, reticulated
above.

Under or near Larches. Sept. Stibbington, Hunts. Laxton, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus 2 — 3 inches broad, dirty-white with
hvid stains and sometimes adpressed dirty-yellow fascicles of filaments,
the remains of the slimy ring ; often deeply scrobiculate ; covered with

.^Boletus.] ruNGi. 149

dirty-yellow or brownish slime which gradually disappears. Fks/i white,
very slightly tinged with yellow, not changeable. Tubes adnate or
subdecurrent, compound, each consisting of two or three cells ; their
orifices angular, at first nearly white with a tinge of yellcw, at length
brownish from the sporules. Ste7n 2 inches or more high, i — § of an
inch thick, nearly equal, reticulated above the ring and frequently much
scrobiculated below, dirty-white like the pileus, stained with the sporules,
somewhat downy at the base. Sporules oblong, brownish clay-coloured.

At. B, granuldtuSy L. (milk?/ Boletus) ; pileus covered with
brown slime which gradually disappears, tubes adnate rather
large subsimple yellow, stem scabrous. Linn. Sp. v. 2. p,
1647. Fr. Sf/st. 3If/c. V. I. p. 387, — B.Jlavo-rufus, aureus, fer-
ruyincus, Schoeff. t. 123, 115, 126.— jB. lactifmis, With. v. 4.
p. 280. Sow. t. 420. — B. circi?ians, Pers. Syn. p. 505. Nees^
Syst.f. 205 {coined from Sc/icsff. t. 123.).

Fir plantations. Aug — Sept. Edgbaston, Withering. Aimer, Dor-
set. ; JRev. M. J. Berhelei/. — Greganous, ca^spitose. Pileus 2 inches
or more broad, hemispherical, at first covered with a thick rufous
brown slime ; afterwards dirty rufous or yellowish ; Jlesh thick, white
or yellowish, not changeable ; margin at first inflexed and downy. Pores
at first whitish, then lenion-coloured, compound, the margin distilling a
pale watery milk, which when dried, gives them a granulated appearance,
at length dirty-yellow, adnate. Sporules ochraceo-ferruginous. Stem
1 inch or more high, ^ an inch thick, generally short, but variable in
this respect, obtuse at the base, sending many roots into the soil, more
watery than the pileus, pale yellow above, white below, minutely toinen-
tose and granulated, at first covered with milky drops. Eatable, ac-
cording to Persoon. Withering says that its llavour is like that of
Af/aricus campcstris. B. circinans of Roques is certainly a different
species, consequently his account does not invalidate the report of
Persoon.

b.B.hovinuSy L. (Cow Boletus) ; pileus glutinous reddish-
buft", tubes adnate compound at first greyish-yellow then fer-
ruginous, stem even. Linn. Suec. 1246. Fr. St/at. j}///c. r. 1.
p. 388. Grcv. Fl. Fd. p. 403. Klotzsch, Fung. Girm. exs. n,
37.— B. grcgarius, Fl. Dan. t. 1018. With. v. A. p. 278.

Heathy fir-woods. Sept. Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stachhouse.
East Morden, Dorset, llcv. M. J. lierheley. Very common in sub-
alpine parts of Scotland. Br. Greville. — Gregarious, fascicidatc.
Pilrus 1 — 2A inches broad, VNhen young hemis|)licrical, the margin white
and tomentose, the disc and loj) of the stem purj)li.^h, the base rhubarb
coloured ; when full grow n, convex, expandeii, the margin still turned
in, very glutinous, dull orange yellow or deep buff, floli tinged with the
colour of the [)ileus, not changeable. Tuhts resembling the pores of
jMcrulius Idchrymaiis, very shallow (|; of an inch) coinj)ound, dirty
yellow, not easily separating from the pileus. Stem 2 — .*} iiithes liiuh,
\ — \ of an inch thick, snbtomentosc, not diffused gradually but rather
aliruptly, into the pileus of the same colour with it, but strcakeil with
watery lines, attenuated below or suhecpiai. In very young specimens
the stem is bulbous. Sj>orults elli|)tic, yellow (jiale ochre, iV.). Smell
resembling that \j( Aijuricus Ortadts, but strong. A very elegant and

150 FUNGI. [Boletus,

distinct species. B. hovinus, With, appears to be in part B. edulis.
Fries remarks that the coat of gluten is thin and not coloured as in the
last, to which he appears to allude in the term " siibviscoso."

6. B. piperdtics, Bull, (pepper Boletus) ; pileus smooth red-
dish or brownish yellow, tubes rather large subdecurrent fer-
ruginous, stem even, the base and flesh intense yellow. Bull.
/. 451. f. 2. Sow. t. 34. Pers. Sijn. p. 507. With. v. 4. p,
277. Fr. Si/St. Myc. v. 1. p. 388. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 404.
Nees, Syst.f, 207. (copied from Batsch.) — B.ferruginatus, Batsch,
Cont. \.f. 128.

Woods and thickets. Autumn. Hainault Forest, ^So^rerZ^y. Dun-
das Hill near Edinburgh ; Dr. Greville. Kinnordy. Sept. Klotzsch
in Hook. Herb. " Pileus 1—3 inches, broad, at length plane, moist or
even glutinous, reddish-yellow or brownish. Flesh yellow, not chang-
ing colour. Tid)es large, subdecurrent, angular, reddish-yellow or
ferruginous. Stem 1—2 inches high, 3—4 lines thick, more or less
deep yellow. Taste remarkably acid and pungent." Grev. I. c.

7. B. variegdtus, Swartz, (variegated Boletus) ; pileus fasci-
culato-pilose dull yellow, tubes adnate round minute ferrugi-
nous, stem even firm. Swartz, in V. A. H. 1810. p. 8. {fide
Fries). Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 388. Klotzsch! Fung, Germ,
exs. n. 38.

Fir woods. Aug. Sept. Helensburgh, Klotzsch in Hook. Herb.
East Morden, Dorset. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— Pileus 3 inches or
more broad, convex, fasciculuto-squamose, scales small, tawny-yellow ;
flesh changing to blue when cut, margin tomentose, subinvolute. Tubes
very narrow, dull-yellow, blue when bruised, adnate, resembling some-
what those of B. bovinus. Stem 3 inches high, f of an inch thick,
granulato-pulverulent, very neat, firm, yellow, obtuse. Smell unpleasant,
taste not so. In Dr. Hooker's Herbarium there is a variety gathered
at Inverary, with the pileus nearly smooth.

8. B. siihtomentosiis, L. {suhtoyneniose Boletus) ; pileus pul-
vinate d<^ subtomentose, tubes adnate large angular yellow
stem firm even. Linn. Suec. p. 506. Pers. Syn. p. 506.
With. V. 4. p. 276. Purt. Midi. FL v. 3. m. 1483. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. I. p. 389. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 404. Tratt. Essb. Schw,
t. Q. Klotzsch! Fung. Germ. exs. n. 39.— J9. cupreus and cras^
sipes, Schceff. t. 133, 112.—^. commuiiis, Bull. t. 393 — B,
chrijsenteron, Bull. t. 4. 490. /. 3. With. v. 4. p. 280.— J5.
lufeus, Bolt. t. 84. middle figure.

b. pileus blood- red smooth. B. sanguineus, With. v. 4. p,
279. Purt. Midi. FL v. 2. n. 989.— B. communis, Sow. t. 225.

Woods, Summer and Autumn. Extremely common in subalpine
situations, more rare in flat districts.— P//ei/s 2—3 inches or more
broad, of various colours, but chiefly some shade of red, olive or yellow,
pulvinate, minutely downy ; epidermis often cracked in polygons, the
interstices reddish ; jlesh white or yellowish, changing slightly to blue.
Tidjes adnate or ascending and then subdecurrent, large, dull-yellow,
simple, blue when bruised. Sporules pale. Stem 3 inches high, i— |-

Boletus,] FUNGI. 151

of an inch thick, nearly smooth, very firm, yellow streaked more or less
with red, generally crooked particularly at the base which is often sud-
denly attenuated, though sometimes that part is tiiickest, changing
slightly to blue when cut. l\iste not unpleasant. Part of the above
description is taken from Dr. Greville's excellent account of this species
in the Flora Edinensis. It is eaten in Germany, according to Trat-
tinick, but he does not give a very favourable account and recommends
only young specimens, old ones having frequently proved injurious.
M. Roques considers the use of it as hazardous. Great caution would
be required in distinguishing some states from B. luridas.

9. B.cdlojms, Pers. {scarlet-stemmed Boletus) ; pileiis pulvinate
more or less olive, tubes adnate angular yelloAV, stem nearly
equal reticulated scarlet. Pers. Syn, p. 513. Fr. Syst. JShjc,
V. 1. p. 390. Nees, Syst. f. 2m {copied from Schceff.) — B.
terj'eus, Schceff. t. 315.

Heathy woods. Aug. Loch Laggan, Klotzsch in Hook Herb.-^
" Differs from B. subtomentosns in the red, thicker, reticulated stem and
narrower tubes. Flesh more or less changing to blue." — Fr. I. c.

10. B. pdchypus, Fr. (thick-stemmed Boletus) ; pileus pulvi-
nate subtomentose tan-coloured, tubes free round yellow, stem
thick reticulated yellowish-red. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 390. —
Suillus, .)c3Itch.t. 69./. 2.

b. pileus olive. B. olivaceus, Schceff. t. 105. With. v. 4r. p,
279. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 2 &,• 3. 7i. 988.— j5. elatus, Pers. Myc.
Eur. V. 2. p. 1 34.

Fir woods. July — Sept. Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire, Klotzsch
in Hook. Herb. Lytchett, East Morden, Dorset. Rev. M. J. Berkeley
^Pileus (i— 7 inches broad, dry, pulvinate, subtomentose, pale reddish-
brown, very thick and fleshy, when young firm, when full-grown very
soft ; jittsh white, not changeable. 'I'ubes free, at first lemon-coloured,
afterwards dirtv-yellow, simple. Stem 3—4 inches high, 1>.^ inches
thick, bulbous,' often swollen from the top, rarely equal, reticulated,
yellowish when young, subrufescent when old. Sometimes two or
three specimens spring from the same root. This, as far as I can judge
froM) Fries' description, is his B. pdchypiis. The tubes, however, do
not become blue when touched. Whatever may be thought of the above
description, the species nmst still be considered liritish, on the autho-
rity of M. Klot/sch. The form b. which 1 have met with 1 am inclined
to think distinct.

Another large Bnhtns occurs in pastures, under oaks, in Aug. .nnd
Sept., apparently distinct, though nearly allied. I sliall therefore give
its characters at length, leaving the establishment of it as a species for
further consideration. Pileus 10 inches or more across, pulvinate, 2
inches thick, pale ochraceous umber, smooth but with a satiny appear-
ance from the miiuite matted silk with which it is clothed, visible only
under a lens ; s )metimes much cracked. FUsh instantly changing from
yellow to a beautiful blue, which, however, is very evanescent ; towards
the edge the flesh scarcely changes at all. Ttdns free, but pressed
close to the stem, forming an irregular spongy mass an inch thick, pale
yellow, blue when bruised. Spnridrs pule olivaceous ochre. Stan S
inches high, nearly 3 inches thick, bulbous at the base, generally reticu-

152 FUNGI. [Boletus.

lated only at the very top, but sometimes half-way down, minutely
pulverulento-squamulose, of the same colour with the pileus, \yith a few-
minute dark flecks, and just where the tubes end a few minute red
spots ; mottled with blue when cut. Taste like that of a growing
walnut. The growth of the tubes is sometimes partially checked, so
that while on one side they are 1 inch thick, on the opposite side they
are not above :f or ^. I have found the same plant more than a foot
broad, more decidedly tomentose and of a delicate mouse-grey, and the
sides of the pileus remarkably compressed, so as to be parallel with the
stem ; the flesh not changing uniformly to blue,* but becoming beauti-
fully mottled and the stem bright-red near the tubes.

Still another form, with the tubes at first bright yellow, the stem ex-
tremely thick and not in the least reticulated, but rough like that of ^.
scaber, and neither flesh nor tubes changeable, occurred in May at
King's Cliffe, Norths. Sporules pale olivaceous ochre. Taste and
smell like that of ^^. Georgii ; the yellow expressed juice distinctly
^cid.

11. B. luridus, SchcefF. (poisonous Boletus); pileus pulvinate
siibtomentose olive, tubes nearly free round yellow, their orifices
crimson-red, stem thick generally more or less marked or reti-
culated with crimson-red. Schi^ff. t. 107. Tratt. (Est. Schio.
t. 9. n. 17. Ft. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 391. Grev. Fl. Ed. p,
404. Sc. Cnjpt. Fl. t. 121.— J5. rubeolarius, Bull. ^.490./.
1. With. V. 4. p. 276. Soiv. t. 250. Purt. 3Iidl. Fl. v. 2 ^
3. n. 985. — B. bovmus, Bolt. t. 85 — B. perniciosus, Roques,
Hist, des Champ, t. 7./. 1—3 — B. marmoreus, t. 6.

Woods. Summer and Autumn. Common. — Pileus 2 — 6 inches
broad, convex, expanded, minutely tomentose, olive, brick-red, pinkish,
cream-coloured, or ferruginous brown ; flesh more or less yellow,
changing to blue. Tubes free, yellow, or greenish, their orifices of a
beautiful red or bright orange, quite simple, round. Sporules oliva-
ceous-ochre. Stem very variable in length, bulbous, tomentose, some-
times quite smooth, red with ferruginous or the brightest yellow shades,
solid, generally more or less marked or reticulated with crimson-red.
Very deleterious. M. Roques mentions a case which came under his
own observation of its bad effects, which happily yielded to opium.
The var. /3. erythropus, Pers. has been found in Scotland by Klotzsch.
It differs in its more slender, punctato-squamulose and not reticulate
stem.

12. B. castdneus, Bull. {Chestnut Boletus) ; pileus subvillous
chestnut inclining to brick-red, tubes half-free white, then bright
yellow, stem even mealy. Bull. t. 328. Pers. Syn. p. 509.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v.l.p. 392.

Woods. Oct. Not common. King's Cliffe, Norths. ; Rev. M. J.

Berkeley Pileus 3 inches broad, depressed when old but broadly

pulvinate in the centre, subtomentose, the down raised up into little
flat scales, beautiful dark-rufous tan; Jiesh thick mottled, stained

• The blue colour certainly arises from a change which takes place in the
juice. When squeezed out, it is at first quite pellucid, but almost instantly
changes from yellow to a bright blue, and at length to brown, leaving behind
a rich brown staiu upon white paper.

Boletus.] ruNGT. 153

beneath the epidermis with the colour of the pileus, not changing colour,
viscid, insipid or subacid. 2\ibes vivid yellow, half-free, not reaching
to the extreme margin. Sporides yellow. Stem sometimes short,
swelling in the centre, attenuated below, and, as figured by Bulliard,
hollow, but sometimes long and equal, beautifully tinged with yellow and
rufous. Occasionally spiders' threads hang beneath the tubes, beautifully
powdered with the yellow sporules, exactly as in Poli/porus hispidus.

13. B. edulis, Bull, {escideut Boletus) ; pileus pulvinate
smooth, tubes half-free subrotund minute, white soon becoming
yellow, stem thick reticulated. Bull t. 60, 494. Pers, Syiu
p. 510. Sow. /.111. With. V. 4. p. 278. Tratt. Essb. Scich.
t. R. Fr. Syst. 3Iijc. v. 1. ;9. 391. Purt Midi. Fl. v. 2^3.
91. 987 c^- V. 3. p. 574. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 40 k Poques, Hist,

des Champ, t. 4. /. 2. t. 5 B. hidhosus, Schcvff. t 134, 135—

B. elephaidimts, t. 277. — B. solidus, Sow, t. 419. — B. hovinus^
With.v. 4. p. 273.

Woods and pastures, under Oaks. Summer and Autumn. — Pileus
6 inches or more broad, pulvinate, at length convexo-expanded, smooth,
shining, often rugose and much cracked, dark-umber, pale towards the
margin, slightly viscid; extreme margin white, but scarcely downy.
Flesh turning a little reddish near the epidermis. Tubes nearly free,
at first white, then lemon-coloured, at length dull-yellow, simple, their
orifices angular. Sporules large, greenish ochre, much paler than in
B. luridus. Stem 4 inches or more high, 2 inches thick, fawn-coloured,
incrassated above and below, reticulated. Though neglectetl in this
country, it appears to be a most valuable article of food. It resembles
very nmch in taste the common nuishroom and is quite as delicate, and
might be used with much advantage, as it abounds in seasons when a
mushroom is scarcely to be found. Like that, it can be cultivated, but
by a nmch more simple process, as it is merely necessary to moisten
the ground under oak-trees with water in which a quantity has been
allowed to ferment. The only precaution requisite is to fence in the por-
tion of ground destined for its production, as deer and j)igs are very
fond of it. This method is said to be infallible and is practised in
France in the De[)artement des Landcs. Sec Roqucs, Hist, des Champ,
p. 10.

14. B. sc(d)ci\, Bull, (scurfy Boletus) ; pilous pulvinate, tubes
free round w iiite, stem firm attenuated rouj^^h with scurfy scales.
Bull. t. 132, 489./. 1. Sow. t. 175. Pers. Si/n. p. 505. Fr.
Sijst. Jfi/c. V. 1. ;;. 394. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 405 — B. procerus.
Bolt. t. HG.—B. rufus, Svhoff. t. 103.—/?. hovinus, Schaff.
t. 104. Purt. V. 2 c*^' 3. ;/. 984.' }\'ith. v. 4. ;;. 275. var, 3, 4 —
B. aura?diacus, Bull. t. 2:^0, 489. /. 2. Sow. /. 110. With.
V. 4. p. 273. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 2 <^- 3. n. 983. Pers. Myc.
Eur. V. 2. p. 147. — B.fysco-albusy Sow. t, 421. — B. leucophaus,
Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. p. 140.

Woods ; siunmer and autumn. Extremely common. Pilrus 3— -7
inches or more broad, pulvinate, visciii when moist, vtry variable in
colour, white, cinereous, brown, olive, deep orange or vtrniilion, smooth
or minutely downy, the down sometimes collected into minute fasci-
culate fcculcs ; Jk'sh very thick, but soft, not changeable in young

154 FUNGI. [Ftstulina,

specimens, in olderones reddish-grey when bruised, and sometimes black.
Tubes white, pulvinate, stained with the yellow-brown sporules, their
orifices often ferruginous before the expansion of the pileus, minute,
round. Stem 6 inches or more high, attenuated upwards, squarrose
with black or orange scales, sometimes marked with coarse raised lines.
At first the stem is ovate and the pileus very narrow, even in specimens
with the stem 2 inches high and 1 thick. There are frequently traces
of a floccose veil. No species can be more variable than the present,
some of its forms being amongst the coarsest and most unsightly fungi,
while some states of the orange variety are equal in beauty to Agaricus
7nuscarius.

15. B. strobildceus, Scop, (fir-cone Boletus) ; blackish-umber,
pileus densely scaly, scales thick squarrose erect, pores rather
large angular white. Scop, in A?in. Hist. Nat. IV. p. 148
{fide Fries). Fr. El. v. \. p. \27 . — B. squarrosus, Pers. Myc,
Eur. V. 1. ?i. 145. t. XIX. — B. strobiliformis, Dicks, fasc. 1.
p. 17. t. 2./ 2 B. bovinus, var. 5, With. v. 4. p. 275.

Woods. August, Bullstrode, Buckinghamshire; LigJitfoot. — Pileus
2 inches broad, tesselated or cracked, like the cone of the Scotch
Fir. Pores very white. Stem 3 — 4 inches high, thick, solid. The
stem is stated by Fries in his specific character to be nearly smooth.
Persoon describes his species as sulcate, especially above, and furnished
with a downy veil. The stem in Dickson's figure is rough with narrow
erect scales. This curious and rare species has been sent to Dr.
Hooker from Canada.

16. B. cyanescens^ Bull, (ichite- seeded Boletus) ; pileus com-
pact subtomentose, tubes free round equal, stem stuffed even
ventricose. Bull. t. 369. Sihth. Fl. Ox. p. 376. With. v. 4.
p. 272. RoqueSy Hist, dcs Champ, pi. 8. / 1, 2.

Woody places. Sept. Magdalen College Walks, Oxford. Sibthorpe.
— " Pileus 2 — 5 inches broad, rigid, pale, straw coloured, subfuliginons,
the margin acute. Flesh white, when broken changing instantly to the
most beautiful azure blue and when squeezed distilling a blue juice.
Tubes short, when young scarce a line long, white or lemon-coloured.
Stem distinct from the pileus, the apex contracted, brittle, never reti-
culated, but villoso-pruinose. Sporules white." Fr. I. c.

8. FisTULfNA. Bull. Fistulina.

Hymenium formed of a distinct substance, but concrete with
the fibres of the pileus. Tubes at first wart-like, somewhat
remote, closed, radiato-fimbriate, at length approximate, elon-
gated, open. — Named from the fistulous nature of the Hymenium,

1. F. hepdtica, With. (Juicy Fistulijia) ; fleshy but juicy-
rootless, pileus undivided. With. v. 4. p. 270. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 1. p. 395. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 270. Fr. El. v, 1.

p. 128 Fistulina buglossoides. Bull. 1.14, 464, 497. — Boletus

hepaticus, Schceff. t. 116—120. Bolt. t. 79. Sow. t 58. * Pers.
Syn. p. 549. Part. Midi. Fl. v. 2 ^' 3. n. 1002. Tratt. Essb,
Schw. t. V, (Est. Schw. t. 12. n. 23. — Hypodrys hepaticics, Pers,

Hydnum.] fungt. 155

Myc. Eur, v. 2.jj. 148. Roques, Hist, des Champ, t. 2. /. 4

Ayaricum, S)'C. 3Iich. p. 117. I, 60.

On oak, ash, walnut, beech and chestnut. Aug. — Oct. Not uncom-
mon on ancient oaks. — Pileus roundish, dimidiate or subspatluilate, in
general more or less concave, studded with n)inute stellate furfuraceous
tufts the rudiments of tubes, rich red-brown, tinged with vermilion;
sometimes substipitate ; margin obtuse ; substance thick and juicy,
marbled like beet-root, consisting of fibres which spring from the base,
distilling a red pellucid juice which oozes out from different parts of
the plant. Ilymcnium convex, elegantly tinged with shades of red or
vermilion, dotted with rose-like somewhat remote radiated warts, which
form a veil to the young tubes ; as the pileus expands the tubes elongate
and become approximate, and are jagged at their orifices. The most
complete account of this curious fungus is to be found in the place
quoted above, in Dr. Greville's Scottish Cryptogamic Flora, than which
nothing can be more correct and excellent. It is much esteemed ia
Austria as an article of food. The ttiste is rather acid, but resembling
somewhat that of A. campcstris, but it is rather tough. It attains
sometimes an enormous size. Mr. Graves found a specimen on an ash
pollard, that weighed nearly thirty pounds.

9. Hydnum. Linn, Hydnum.

Hymenium of the same substance as the pileus, composed of
free spine-like processes. — Name, derived from i/5voy, the Tritffie^
some of the species having a somewhat analagous mode of
growth.

* Stem perpendicular,

1. H. imbricdtum, L. (scaly Hydnum); pileus fleshy plane
tessehito-squamose zoneless brown, spines greyish-white, stem
short. Lin?i. Suec. 1257. Schaff\ t. 40. With. v. 4. 294.
Soio. t 73. Pers. Syn. p. 554. Tratt. Essb, Schw. t. X.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 71. — //. squarrosnm, Nees, Syst.f. 240.
— //. squamosiDH, Roques, Hist, des Champ, p. 46.

Fir-woods ; October. Rare. Near Maidstone and Bungay, Wood-
ward. Bedfordshire; Abbot. Glen- More, ilA-.s-.?;-.?. Griville S,' Hooker.
— " Pileus 2—5 inches broad, thick and lleshy, plane or sii«:htly convex
and rounded at the margin, at length somewhat hollowed in the centre,
varying from reddish to mouse-brown, scaly; srnles imbricated, numer-
ous, the central ones being often mere cracked portions of the pileus
which render that part tcssclated. Flcs/i pale-buflish or reddish.
Spi/irs entire, numerous, very short, of nearly equal length, greyish-
wiiite. S(cm I — 'J inches thick, firm, irregular, whitish." Grev. L c.
Esculent.

2. //. rrj)dndi/m, L. (common Hydnum) ; ])ileus flesliy sub-
rej)an(l smooth zoneless, sj)ines iiue(jual pale as well as the
irre^Milar stem. Linn. Suec. 1258. Jhill. t. 172. M'/V/i. v. 4.
p. li'.)4. Sow. t. 176. I'crs. Syn. p. 555. Gist. Srbtr. t. 12.
n. 24. Part. Midi, Fl. v. 2 c^ 3. n. 1012. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I.
p. 400. Grev, Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 44. Fl. Fd. p. 405. Fo<2ues,

156 FUNGI. IHydnunu

Hist, des Champ, p. 2. /. 2 H, Jlavidum, Schoeff. t. 318—^.

rufescens, t. 141.

h, subtomentose. H. repandum. Bolt. t. 88. — H, rufesce7is,
Pers. Syn. p. 555. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. j9. 401.

Woods ; Autumn. Common ; the subtomentose variety especially
so. — Subgregarious. Pileus 2 — 4 inches broad, the margin more or
less arched, very irregular in form, often excentric or even laterally
stipitate, more or less lobed or undulated, huffish or subrufescent,
smooth, or frequently decidedly tomentose. Spines unequal, conical,
entire or sometimes bifid, or laciniated, and even compressed and lamel-
lated and sometimes forming spurious pores as figured by Sowerby.
Stem I^ — 3 inches high, 1 inch thick, solid, paler than the pileus,
sometim"es clothed with white down, and at the apex with abortive
spines. — Hydnum rufescens, Pers. ^ Fr. appears clearly nothing more
than a variety or mere state of H. repandum. Some of the spines are
generally laciniated ; I do not find the stem more slender than in the
smooth plant, though this is certainly the case in specimens from Per-
soon in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium. I have never found the smooth
state in England ; but it is not uncommon in Scotland. There seems
to be a strong analogy between Cantharellus aurantiacus and Hydnum
rufescens ; so that 1 have been sometimes inclined to unite C. aurantia-
cus with C cibariuSy though so far as 1 know, no intermediate states
occur. The common Hydnum is much used for food on the continent,
especially in Austria. The taste of the fresh plant is at first sufficiently
agreeable, but it leaves an acrid pungent sensation. The acrid qualities,
however, seem to be entirely dissipated by heat.

3. H.compdctum, Pers. {ihich-fleshed Hydnum) ; pileus corky
undulated tomentose olivaceo-cinereous variegated within with
brown and blue, stem very short. Pers. Syn. p. 556. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 402. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. p. 166.—^.

floriforme, Schoeff. t. 146. Picks, fasc. 1. p. 19. With. v. 4.
p. 293.

On the ground, in heaths, and fir woods, «&c. Aug. Earsham
Wood, Bungay. 3Ir. Woodward. Aviemore, Klotzsch, in Hook.
Herb. — " Irregular, confluent, inodorous, resembling a thick shapeless
crust. Pileus 1 — C inches broad, thick, readily imbibing moisture,
clotted with down of the same colour or dirty-white. Spines equal,
chestnut. Stem corky, obsolete, or very thick." Fr. I. c. I am only
acquainted with this species from Schoeffer's figure and specimens
gathered near Aviemore. It has a peculiar obconic form, the upper
surface being nearly flat. The stem is much more developed than is
described above by Fries, being in one specimen 2 inches high. The
plant of Woodward, cited above from Withering, appears the same on
an attentive examination of the description, which seems to be original:
but it is described as at length concave. Bull. t. 433. / 2. {H.fcr-
rugineum, Fr.) is quoted as well as Schoeffer's H.Jloriforme.

4. H. auriscdlpiuniy L. (hairy-stalked Hydnum) ; pileus cori-
aceous horizontal downy notched at the point of insertion of
the lateral tomentose stem. Linn. Suec. 1260. Schoeff. t. 143.
Bull t, 481. /. 3. With, V. 4. p. 293. Sow, t. 267. Part,

Hydnum^, FUNGI. 157

3IidL FL V. 2 <^- 3. n. 1010. Fr. Si/st. 3Tyc. v. 1. p. 406. Grev,
FL Ed. p. 406. Scot, Crypt. FL t. 196.

On cones of the Scotch Fir ; all the year : common.— Pi7e?/5

^ 1 inch hroad, subrotuiid, thin, coriaceous, often somewhat lobed,the

margin of the lobes entire, more or less zoned, tomentose, purplish or
reddish-brown, sometimes pale. Spines subcinereous or a dilute shade
of the pileus, the tips often darker, but not always so, more or less
hoary from the sporules, which under a powerful lens give them the
appearance of being rough with jiellucid points. Stem buried to some
depth amongst fir-leaves, 2 — 3 inches high, often confluent, slender,
dark-brown, lomentose, attached by a shaggy or spongy base.

» * Stem more or less horizontal and lateral or much branched.

5. H. erindceus, Bull. {Hedgehog Hydmnn) ; very large
heart-shaped white at length yellowish, pileus siibsessile torn
in a fibrillose manner, within somewhat chequered, spines very-
long. Bull. t. 34. D'lch. Fasc. 2. p. 24. With. v. 4. p. 295.
Fers. Syn. p. 360. Trait. Essb. Schw. t. Y. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1. p. 407. — Ilericium erinaceum, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. p. 153.
— Iler. commune, Roques, HiU. des Chamj). p. 47.

On trees, especially oak : very rare. — " Pileus a span or more broad,
the base projecting, soft, torn into subfasciculate fibrillae (abortive spines),
margin obtuse, gradually giving out true spines, often imbricated with
smafiar pilei. Spines U— 2^ inches long, pendulous, thick set, very
regular, soft, equally attenuated, connected two or three together at
their bases, fastiuiate. Substance thick, tough, fleshy, very soft, elastic,
white not changing colour." Fr. I. c. States occur, depending pro-
bably on situation, with densely anastomosing branches, stemless, or
with a horizontal stem. Esculent, according to Trattinnick and Roques.

6. H. coralloides, Scop. (Coral Hydmim) ; very much
branched white at length yellowish, branches intricate at-
tenuated, spines unilateral subulate. Scop. Fl. Cam. n. 1062.
Dick. fasc. 1. p. 19. Schceff\ t. 142. With. v. ^. p. 293. Sow.
t. 252. Pers. Syn. p. 563. Pnrt. 31idl. Fl. v. 2 S)- 3. 7*. 101 1.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \.p. 40S.—II. ramosum, Bull. t. 390. — Iltri-
cium cnralloides, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 2. p. 150. Poqucs, Hist,
des Champ, p. 48.

On fir, beech, ash, Sec. Very rare. Hollow trunks of trees near
Uxbridgc, Litjhffoof. Werehamj Norfolk. Sept. Jiiv. Mr. Furhy.
Oversley, on* ash trees many years successively. Piirton.— ^Lowug
plant, according to Persoon, resembling a cauliflower. When oltl it
forms tufts, a foot or more in length, with fluxuous angular branches,
boet with incurved ramuli bearing spines on the underside. This ami
the foregoing are said to be as good for food as the connnon mushroom.

*** Pileus dimidiate, sessile ; stem none.

7. H. crisjmm, SchcefF. (crisp Hydnum) ; j)il('i coriaceous
imbricated scpiamose Iobe<l plicate rufous-brown ])rojt'(ling
souu'what behind, spines imbricated pale rufous. Schajf. v. 4.
p. 97. t. l\7.j: 1. Sibth. Ox. p. 3(32. Jl'dh. v. 4. p. 295.

158 ruNGi. {Hydnum,

Trunks of trees and dry wood. Oct. Very rare. In a Clover-field
at Cogges, half a mile from Whitney, Sibthorp.

8. H. ochrdce?im, Pers. (3Ir. Davies Hydnum); efFuso-re-
flexed, pileiis thiti coriaceous zoned ochraceous, spines minute
thick-set ochraceous inclining to flesli-colour. Pers. Syn, p. 559.
Fi\ Syst Myc, v. I. p. 414.—//. Daviesii, Soiv. t, 15. With,
V. 4. p. 295.

On a decayed apple-tree, Llysdulas Garden, Anglesea, Rev. H,
Davies. In a fir-plantation at Beeston, Notts., Rev. M. J. Berkeley,
" Small, at first entirely resupinate, gradually reflexed, and some-
what repand, at first sparingly clothed with dirty-white down, at length
rugose, 1 — 3 inches broad. Spines short, acute, entire, becoming pale."
Fr. I. c. The spines in my specimens are rather longer than they are
represented in Sowerby's figure. Persoon describes it as growing on
the trunks of pines.

9. H.fuscum, VevB. {shining -toothed Hydnum) ; effused rufous-
brown, margin paler coarsely byssoid, spines long quite entire
close very acute shining as if varnished. Pers. Myc. Eur. v, 2,
p. lS9.t!l7.f. 3.

On wood, Wrabness, Essex ; Rev. R. T. Lowe — The present
species, with which I am acquainted only from specimens communi-
cated by my friend Mr. Lowe, appears to be the plant of Persoon
noted above. In its dry state it is rather thicker than other effused
species and is remarkable for the long dark rufous-brown spines, which
shine as if varnished. These are represented in the figure as rather
broader than they are in my specimens.

*#*# Resupinate.

10. H. membrandceuin, Bull, (membranaceous Hydnum);
effused thin smooth tawny-ferruginous, spines middle-sized
straight. Bull. t. 481. /. 1. Sow. 327. Fr, Syst, 3Iyc. v, 1.
p, 415.

On the under-side of rotten branches, lying on the ground.— A glan-
dular appearance on the upper part of the spines is figured by Bulliard
and Sowerby. The specimen represented by Sowerby is cracked into
httle areolae', each of which bears a fascicle of spines.

11. H. ferrugineum, Pers. {ferruginous Hydnum); effused
tomentose ferruginous, spines acute nearly entire. Pers. Syn.
p. 662. Nees, Syst. f. 248. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 416.—^.
membranaceum, Part. 3Iidl. Fl. v. 2. n. 1013 ^ v. 3. p, 451.

t, 15.

On decayed trunks of trees, stumps, &c. Coleshill, Mr. Bree,
Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Cotterstock, Norths, Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
—The whole plant consists of densely-woven down, formmg an effused
indeterminate mass, the hymenium composed of erect or obhque spines
which are villous and frequently abortive, so as easily to be taken for
some species of the suborder Hyphomycetes, The colour varies from
ferruginous to brownish.

12. H, farindceum, Pers. {mealy Hydnum) ; effused crust-

Uydnum.-] rUNGI. ]59

like pale, the margin subbyssoid, spines very slender rather
distant acute. Pers. Syyi. p. 562. Fr. Syst Myc. v. 1./?. 419.

On decayed trunks, &c. Devonshire, Miss SimcGe. Appin, Copt.
Carmichael. — Forming thin effused patches resembling scattered meal,
beset with distant acute spines. Captain Carmichael's specimens appear
to be scarcely developed, the spines being obtuse and almost rudiniental.
The Scottish specimens, which agree very well with the figure given by
Nees, yi '247, seem to prove the correctness of a suspicion apparently
entertained by Fries, that II. farina ceum and //. crustosum are but the
same species in different states, — A fungus seemingly distinct from this
and from every species described by Fries, though differing principally
in the more com[)lete development of all its parts, occurred at Clifton,
Notts, broadly effused on [)ine wood. I am not, however, sufficiently
satisfied as to its characters to propose it as new. The reason for men-
tioning it here is to note a very curious change which took place in
specimens wrapped up in paper and laid by for some weeks in a damp
state. Most of the teeth which were at first simple became split, or
compressed and confluent in little fascicles, the apices only being free,
so as to present a totally different appearance, while in one specimen
they assumed the character of the genus Irpex.

A form, evidently of this species, with a most beautifully branched
byssoid margin, occurred at Beeston, in 1824, spreading several inches,
on fallen decaying branches. Subicidum effused, consisting of a very
delicate inseparable byssoid membrane, closely applied to the wood and
following all its irregularities, the man/i/t most beautifully radiated
and barren ; the fertile parts sprinkled with a thin farinaceous stratum,
from which spring acute white tcct/i, which are sometimes nearly
straight. There is scarcely any difference between this and a specimen,
on the smooth bark of Beech, gathered by Capt. Carmichael, (marked
by Klotzsch Il.far/inein/i, apparently a totally different species) which
I had at first referred to //. niveum, i. fimhriatum, excej^t that the
aculei are shorter and rather more scattered. Perhaps Ehrenberg
may be right in uniting //. crnstosnm, II. farinaccinn and H. niveum,
for Fries himself allows that many intermediate forms occur.

13. //. Barha Jovis^ Cull, {orange-tipped I/ydmim) ; effused
tomentose pallid white, spines round pubescent their tips bearded
orange. IJu/l. t. 481./. 2. With. v. 4. p. 290. Sow. t. 328.

On the under side of wood lying on the ground. — Sometimes a foot
or more broad ; white when young, then yellowi^ii-rufous ; mem-
branaceous, composed of the finest down, margin byssoid, pure white.
Spines simple, almost 1* lines long, their tips somewhat |)cnciled.
Fr. I. c. A subterraneous fungus, resembling somewhat in form H.
srjuallnujn^ Fr., though much larger in all its j)arts, is represented
in Dillenius' edition of Hay's Sf/nojtsis, t. \. f. '). My object in noticing
it here is simj)Iy to call the attention of British ^Iycologists to what
appears to be a very fine fungus, whether truly or not belonging to the
present genus.

14. Il.fiinhruiliimy Pers. ( frinycd Ilydmnn) ; effused nicm-
branaceous somewhat ribbed incariialo-rufous, margin fringed,
spines granular at length nuillifid. /V. Si/st. Mi/r. v. I.;^42I.
Pers, Myc. Lur. t. G.f. b, G. — Sistotrema Jimbi iatuni^ Pcrs. Syn,
p, 533.

160 FUNGI. [Irpex^

On fallen branches of beech. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — In
young perfect specimens the membrane is furnished with branched ribs,
which, according to Fries, adhere less firmly to the matrix ; margin most
elegantly radiato-fibrillose, white. Dry specimens are of an uniform
fawn-colour. Sometimes the fimbriated margin is entirely absent.
Spines at first granular, minute, at length elongated.

15. H. udam, Fr. [moist Hydnum); effused thin subgelatinous
smooth pale watery yellow, spines close unequal simple forked
or fimbriated. Fr. Syst. JSIyc. v. \. p. 422.

On fallen sticks of Ulmus suberosa and Hawthorn. Early autumn.
Margate and at Lambley, Notts, Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. — Forming elong-
ated patches, 4 — 5 inches long. My specimens agree with Fries' cha-
racter in every respect, except that most of the spines are simple.
When dry, it is yellowish towards the margin, the more central parts
being of a pale fawn-colour.

10. SiSTOTREMA. Pers. Slstotrema.

Hymenium somewhat distinct from the pileus, composed of
irregularly disposed, curved and gyrose, lamellate teeth. —
Name ; from sisto, to place ^ and r^viiia, ?i pore, from the arrange-
ment of the pores.

1. S. conjluens, Pers. {confluent Sistotrema). Pers. Syn,
p. 551. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 426. Grev. Ft. Ed. p. 405.
Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 248. — Hydnum sublamellosum, Bull. t. 453.
/. 1. Sow. t. 112.

In woods, on the ground and on'sticks, Szc. Rare. Clapham wood,
3Ir. Abbott. Foxhall near Edinburgh, Captain Waucli. — *' Gregarious,
often anastomosing or two or three growing into each other, scentless,
brittle, whitish at length yellowish or tinged with brown. Stem at-
tenuated below, central or lateral, about an inch high. Pileus about
1 inch broad, somewhat depressed. Tooth-like plates of the hymenium
entire, or jagged." Grev. I. c. This genus is to Hi/dnumywXvAt Doedalea
is to Polyporus. There is but one certain species.

11. Irpex. Fr. Irpex.

Hymenium concrete with the substance of the pileus, torn
into distinct spines disposed in rows or in a reticulate manner,
their bases connected together by lamellate, sinuous or porous
folds. Asci slender situated only on the toothed processes. —
Name, irpex, a ralie or harrow, which the spines of the hy-
menium somewhat resemble.

1. I. pendulus, Fr. (pendulous Irpex) ; pilei membranaceous
plicate yellow, their bases produced, the margin and the com-
pressed torn teeth which are disposed in rows white. Fr.
El. V. \. p. 143. — Hydnum pendulum, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 413. A. S.p. 261. t. 6./ 7. (flde Fries).

On pine-wood. Scotland, Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. March, 1831.
— Pilei 1 inch or more broad, very thin, somewhat resembling paper,
capable of being folded up or stretched, concrete or infundibuliform.

PJilebia.] FUNGI. 161

from a stem-like base, clothed with long even pilose scales, so closely
pressed that the whole surface appears slightly rugulose. Spines dis-
tant, chiefly seated on the produced base which is at length brownish,
various in form, generally disposed in rows." Fr. I. c. I have seen this
plant only in a dried state, but it appears from an inspection of Klotzsch's
specimens and from the above description, that there is a strong analogy
between it and Agaricus cocJihatiis. The strongly adpressed scales of
the piieus and the gill-like folds lacerated into teeth, call to mind the
dentato-rugose piieus and the toothed gills of A. cochleatus. The
peculiar character of the genus is very well marked in this species,
which consists in the teeth not being free at the base, but seated upon
folds, kc, so as to present some particular order of arrangement.

2. /. Idcteus, Fr. (milk-iuhite Irpcx) ; white, pilei coriaceous
reflexed zoneless villous, tcetli close disposed in rows acute
rarely divided. Fr. El. 1. j)' ^^^' — Hijdnum lacttimi, Fr.
Syst. Myc. V. \. p. 412.

On trunks and branches of beech, Dr. Johnston. — The specimens ia
Dr. Hooker's Herbarium are about 2 inches long, effused, with the
margin reflexed all round and the teeth exactly resembling those of
many true species of Ilydniun ; but on minute inspection they will be
found to be seated upon fine folds and disposed in rows. It is a most
elegant fungus.

12. Radulum. Fr. Radnlum.

II//mcni/im tuberculated. Tubercles shapeless, resembling
papilla} or rude somewhat angular spines, more or less obtuse,
distant, distinct or irregularly fasciculate, the inner substance
homogeneous with the receptacle. Asci occupying indifferently
all parts of the liymenium. — Named from the root-like appear-
ance of the processes of the hymenium.

1. 7?. orbiculdre, Fr. (circular Radulum) ; effused orbicular,
margin byssoid yellowish-wliite, tubercles shapeless somewhat
elongated and fasciculate. Fr. El. v. 1. p. 149. Grcv. Scot.
Cri/jjt. Fl. t. 278. — lli/dnum Raduhi, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p, 423.—//. spathulatum, Grec. Fl. Ed. p. 406. (7iot of Fr.)

On the trimks of dead birch-trees. Autunm, winter and spring.
Appin. Copt. Cmmicltael Auchindenny woods, near Etlinburgh,
Dr. Grcville. — Very variable ; generally originating beneath the epi-
dermis ; 2 — 3 inches broad, quite membranaceous or above 2 lines
thick, nvirgin byssoid, occasionally showing a ilisposition to l)ecome
reflexed ; hymenium consisting of irrcgtdjuMy disposed, o!)liqiie or erect,
tooth-like, obtuse, entire or laciniated, often fasciculate tubercles ; the
apices sometimes somewhat tomentose. Occasionally they are much
scattered and almost resemble spines.

1:3. PiiLLMiA. Fr. PJilebia.

ITymruium liomog(MU'ons and concrete with the piieus, smooth,
veiU)s<)-rngose ; wrinkles interrupted, disjxtsed irregularly,
straight or tlexuous, bearing asri all over — Name, f^.s-Vf-, a 11111,
from the veiny ajjpearance of the liyinoniuin.

162 FUNGI. IThehpJiora,

1. P. mesenterica, Dicks, {suhgelatiiious Phlehia) ; resupinate,
then reflexed villous, grey'brown yellow or olive fasciated gela-
tinous within, hymenium quite even or wrinkled and minutely

priiinose. Fr. El. v. 1. p. 154 Auricularia tremelloides, Bull,

t, 290. With. V. 4. p. 302. Part. 3Iidl. FL v. 2. 1019 8^^ v. 3.
p. 453. — A. mesenterica, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. I. p. 97. — A. cor-
rugata, Sow. t. 290. — Helvella mesenterica, Dicks. Ease. 1 . p. 20.
Bolt. t. 172. — Thelephora mesenterica, Pers. Syn. p. 571.

Old trunks, rails, &c. Very common. — At first effused and quite
resupinate, at length more or less reflexed, often dimidiate, occasionally
infundibuliform, 2 — 3 inches broad, gelatinous in wet weather, hard and
cartilaginous when dry ; the upper surface tomentose, more or less
zoned ^or fasciated ; hymenium purplish-violet or light-brown, quite
smooth or wrinkled, especially when dry, powdered with a beautiful
bloom. Asci none.— Undoubtedly much more nearly allied to the
Pileati than to the Tremellini. I have never been able to detect
anv other fructification than the bloom whh which the hymenium is
sprinkled. The wrinkles are by no means always present, and perhaps
are in general due to partial desiccation. It is certainly best associated
with the true species of Phlehia, if it be not deemed advisable to form
a distinct cenus for its reception. Klotzsch has indeed published it in
his Fung. ^Germ. Exs. n. 45, under the name of Oncomyces mesen-
iaricus, but has given no characters. The upper surface is frequently
quite as much wrinkled when dried without pressure, as the hymenium.

2. P. merisinoides, Fr. (3Ierisma-like Phlehia) ; effused flesh-
coloured villous aud white beneath, margin orange pilose, folds
straight. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 427. Grev! Scot. CrypLFL
t. 280.

Trunks of trees, frequently intermixed with and incrusting mosses ;
Autumn and Winter. Swanston wood, near Edinburgh, Dr. Greville.

" Plant 2 3 inches across ; folds nearly straight when growing on

a smooth surface, passing into prominent papillae in individuals incrust-
ing mosses."

3. P. radidta, Fr. {rayed Phlehia); orbicular, smooth on both
sides, dull flesh-colour, folds close disposed in rows vanishing
towards the radiated circumference. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 1.
p. 427.

On Birch. Appin, Captain Carinichael—" Between fleshy and
membranaceous, tough ; at first orbicular, then dilated, confluent, 1—3
inches broad, margin free, smooth, but beautifully fibroso-radiated.
Folds radiating from the centre, short, interwoven, very close." Fr.
I. c. One of the specimens gathered by Captain Carmichael is four
inches long and appears to have been originally still larger. In this, the
character of the radiated margin is entirely lost and the folds are very
short, so as to resemble blunt compressed teeth ; but there is still
something like order visible in their disposition.

14. Thelephora. Ehrh. Thelephora.
Hy7neniu7n homogeneous and concrete with the pileus, even
or papillate, the whole surface bearing «5a.— Named from ^jjXjj,

ThelepJiora.] FUNGI. Iu3

a nipple, and ^r^w, to hear, from tlie papillose appearance of
the Jiymenium in many species.

*PiIeus stipitate, more or less entire,

1. T. elegans, j\Iey. (handed ThelepJiora) ; between fleshy and
coriaceous, pileus smooth (subplicate) banded with brown,
beneatli flesh-coloured pruinose. {JSley, Ess. p. 305.) fide Fr.
Fr, Sfjst. Myc, v. \, p. 430,

Woods, about the roots of trees. Oct. Very rare. Cotterstock,
Norths., for two successive years ; Rev. M. J. Berlielty. — Gregarious,
often confluent, 2 inches high, sometimes much torn, the margin espe-
cially subplicate, crenate, subinfundibuliform, substipitate, the upper
surface bright reddish-brown, with brown bands,lower surface dirty flesh-
coloured, pulverulent, not the least pilose under a powerful lens. Flesh
reddish-brown ; the brown bands often proliferous. This fine species
has not, that I am aware of, been found in any other spot in Great
Britain than that mentioned above. Tlie description given in Fries,
S//st. Mi/c. so exactly agrees with my specimens, that there can be no
doubt that it is the species of Meyer, though as Dr. Greville, to whom
I sent specimens, remarks in a letter, it is singular that a Fungus, hitherto
known alone as belonging to Guiana, should be discovered in this
country.

2. T. pannosa, Sow. {cloth-like Thelephora) ; corky pallid,
pileus depressed squamose even, beneath subpilose. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 1. p. 430. — a. stem long. Ilelvella pannosa. Sow.
t. 155. — b. stem short. Craterella pallida, Pers. Ic, et Descr.
t^ \.f. 3. — Thdephor a pallida, Pers. Syn. p. 565.

On the ground. Ilampstead, Soirerhy. — " Gregarious, subcrespi-
tose, woody but thin, 2 inches high. Stem distinct, subvillous. Pihus
infundibuliform, torn, fimbriated ; hymenium iiispid under a lens."
Fr. I. c.

The above account is taken entirely from Fries ; but I have vainly
endeavoured to delect any traces of hairiness on the hiimcniuia in
Sowerby's original specimens, even under very high magnifiers. In
other respects, there is a perfect agreement.

** Stipitate, branched and laciniated, compressed.

3. T. coralloides, Fr. (petal-like Thelephora) ; erect dark in
ago, branches striate dilated, tips fimbriat<'d white. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 1. p. 432. — Clavaria coriacca, Jhdl. t. 452. f. 2. —
Clavaria anthorcjihala, Part. n. 10G3 (in part) — Merisma fini-
hriatnm, Chcv. Ft. Par. \.p. 104.

Woods, on the ground. King's Clifle, Norths, Ixev. M. J. Berkeley.
—From tile same j)oint spring many erect often continent pale stews,
sprcniling upwards into greyish or purplish-brown, strongly streaked
inditrhi's, disposed l'rc<|uentiy like tlie petals of a pink, their apices
tlilated, pale and generally fimbriated. Smell scarcely any, either before
or after gathering. Purton's plant, from specimens now before mc,
agrees exactly with my own, and ditfers from every stale that I have
ever seen of TheUyhura pidmatn.

4. T. palmdta, Scop, (palmate Thelephora); erect purple-

164 FUNGI. [Thelephora.

brown, branches flat dilated palmate pubescent, tlie tips white.
Fr. StjsL Myc. v. 1. p. 432, — Clavaria palmata, Scop. Fl.
Cam. p. 48'3. — Merisma fcetidura, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 46.
FL EL p. 411. — /3 suhferruginous ; branches smooth fastig-iate
obtusely laciniated. Clavaria anthocephala, Bull. t. 452. f. 1.
Sow. t. 156. With. V. 4. p. 338.

Woods. In various places, but not very common — " Smell very bad a
few minutes after gathering. Varying from ^ an inch to more than 4
inches in height, and from a single stem to a dense mass 2 or 3 inches
in thickness." Grev. I. c. If all the forms mentioned by Flies
are rightly assigned to this species, it is very variable. A peculiar
form, or species, appears to be represented by Purton, Midi. Fl. v. 3.
n. 1506. t. 18, under the name of Clavaria miniata. This is referred by
Dr. Greville in Loudon's Hortus Britannicus, p. 462, to Anthina, but its
habit as far as I can form any judgment from the figure alone is scarcely
that of the genus. The following is Purton's description. "Leathery,
bright orange to vermilion-red. The upper part is faintly bordered with
undulated bands of orange and white, alternately arranged. The whole
plant emits copiously from every part of its surface, but principally
from the top, a powder of the colour of gamboge, which mixed with
water tinges the whole fluid of a bright vermilion-red." Purt. I. c.
Fries appears to be quite right in abolishing the genus Merisma. The
• character of being fin-nished on all sides with an Hymeniiim, appears, at
first sight, very strong, but a comparison of the species with the stipitate
ThelepliorcE shows very clearly that they are both constructed on the
same principle. Highly laciniated and proliferous specimens of T.
elegans display a tendency to assume this form, which appears to arise
from the upper hollowed surface of the several portions of the pileus
becoming obliterated and reduced to a mere j)oint, so as to present the
appearance of branches uniformly surrounded by the hymenium. Many
reasons and examples are given by Fries, El. v. 1. j). 157, which amply
bear him out ; what takes place accidentally in some species, being in
others the normal formation.

5. T. itiberosa, Grev. (^tuberous -rooted Thelephora) ; erect
distinct stipitate reddish- grey, pileus composed of laciniated
branches, stem bulbous at the base. Fr. El. v. 1. p. 167. —
Merisma tuherosum, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 178.

On the ground, in bare places ; autumn. Very rare. Foxhall near
Edinburgh, Capt. Wangh.—'- Scattered. Subcoriaceons, about 1 inch
high. Pileus about § of the height of the entire plant, variously divided
into compressed acute or obtuse branches. The main branches are
given off from the same point and are disposed in a circular manner,
leaving the centre free and somewhat infundibuliform. Stem nearly
cylindrical, obscurely furrowed or lacunose, bulbous at the base.
Hymenium covering the whole plant, except the stem. Sporules oval,
very numerous." Grev. I. c.

6. T. cristdta, Pers. {crested Thelephora) ; pale, at first re-
supinate, at length branched, the branches formed by incrusting
various substances, their extremities plane fimbriate. Fr. Syst.

Myc. V. I. /?. 434 Clavaria laciniata. Bull. t. 415./ 1. Sow.

f. 168. With. V. 4. p. 338. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 2 4 3. n. 1062.

Thelephora.] FUNGI. 165

On the ground in beech woods, spreading over mosses, grass, &:c. —
Whitish, greyish, or purplish-brown. At first quite resupinate ;
gradually extending over neighbouring substances and thus acquiring a
branched appearance ; the apices compressed, expanded and beautifully
fringed or laciuiated. The mode of growth of this fungus clearly shows
that its nearest affinity can scarcely be with the species with which it
is associated, however strong the analogy may be, and it affords an
additional proof that the genus Merisnia is not founded in nature, there
being at least two diiFerent ways in which Thelephora. mixy undergo a
transformation so as to exhibit the circumambient hymenium oi 31erisma.

*** Pileus sessile.

' 7. T. terrestris, Ehih. (ground Thelephora) ; dusky-brown,
pile! dimidiate fibroso-strigose, stem very short. Ehih. Crypt,
n. \7S. {Jide Fr.) Pers. Sy?i. jJ. 566. Nees, Syst.f.2i>L Jr.
Syst. Myc. V. 1. p. 431. (3irev. Ft. Ed. p. 407. — Auricular ia
caryophyllea, Bull. t. 278.

Fir woods : autumn. Swanston Wood near Edinburgh, Dr. Grevilk.
— Pileus 1 — 2 inches across, somewhat zoned ; papillae scattered.

8. T. laciuiata, Pers. (fringed Thelephora) ; ferruginous-
brown, pilei fibroso-squamose (rugose), margin crisped and
laciniated. Pers. Syn. p. 567. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ^^. 431.
Grev. FL Ed. p. 406. Scot. Crypt. FL t. 264.— Heir el la caryo-

phyllea, Bolt. t. 173. — Auricular ia caryophyllea^ Bull. t. 483.
/ 6, 7. Sow. ^.213.

On the ground, especially in fir woods : common. — Very nearly
allied to the last but larger, paler and not so strigose the fibres being
adnate, forming little ridges rather than scales ; margin fringed and
laciniated, papilla; closer. J have not quoted the synonyms of \\ ithering
and Purton, as the two species are confounded by them and the syno-
nym and descrijnion of Schoeffer belong to a ditiorent species.

**** Pileus 7nore cr less rejlexed,

9. T. ruhiginosa, Sclirad. (rusty Thehphora) ; imbricated
rigid somewhat banded or grooved rusty reddish-brown,
beneatli velvety papillose. Schrad. Spic. p. 185. {Jide Fr.)

Pers. Sipt. J). 507. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 408 Auricularia ferru-

gitiea, Bull. t. 878. Sou\ t. 26. With. v. 4. ;;. 300. Purt.
Midi. Fl. V. 2 S)- 3. n. 1023.

On oak rails, trunks, &c. Common. Perennial. — At first resupinate,
at length reflexcd, the lower margin generally adiiering firnd}', very
rigid and brittle, often so deeply grooved as to cause corresponding
ridges in the hymenium, which is velvety anil coarsely but sparingly
paj)illose. Margin paler and minutely tomcntosc.

10. T. tahacina, Sow. (Tobacco Thelephora); effuso-reflexed
thin and flexible silky ferruginous pubescent beneatli. Fr.
tSyst. Myc. V. 1. /?. 437. — Auricularia A'icotiaua, Bolt. t. 174.
iVith. 4. p. 300.— yl. tabucina, Sow. t. 28. Purt. Midi. Fl.
r. 3. n. 141)8.

On hasel : not very common. — Diflcrs from the foregoing in not

166 - FUNGI. [ThelepJiora.

being rigid and in consequence shrivelling when dry and losing all its
beaifty, whereas T. rubiginosa is scarcely altered at all. Margin in
general reflexed all rouud.

11. T.rugosa, Pers. {coarse Tlielephora) ; broadly effused,
plleus coriaceous thick at length rigid the extreme margin only
reliexed, at length smooth bro^ynish, hymenium yellowish
chano-ino- slightly to blood-colour when bruised. Pers, Syn.
p. 569.° Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 1. p. 439. BL v. 1. p. 177.— r.
corylea^ Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 408.

On trees, especially hasel : probably not uncommon. Auchindenny
woods near Edinburgh, Dr. GreviUe. Cotterstock, &c., Norths. Rev. M,
J. BerJieleij. It has been found also in Scotland by M. Klotzsch. —
Differing from every state of the following species, in assuming a blood-
coloured stain when scratched. The inner substance in some of my
specimens is zoned, and it is quite evident that in these a new layer
has been formed every year, each projecting beyond that of the foregoing
year, so that the margin of the pileus has a zoned appearance.

12. T, hirsuta, Willd. (common Thelephora) ; effuso-reflexed
coriaceous strigose, smooth beneath, even buff. Willd. Ber.
p. 397. \fide Fr.) Pers. Syn. p. 370. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
p. 439. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 407 Auricularia reflexa, Bull. L 274.

Sow. t. 27. With. V. 4. p. 301. Part. Midi. Fl. v. 2 4- 3.
n. 1020. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. ^.256. — Th. intyhacea, Grev. !
Fl. Ed. p. 407 [old).—Peziza cellularia, Soiv. t. 9\.

On sticks, pales, fallen trees, &c. : very common. Perennial. —
Extremely variable. At first resupinate, at length generally reflexed,
often imbricated, more or less zoned, strigose, tough and leathery, but
not rigid, buff,yellov,^ish or greyish, often acquiring a greenish tinge from
the presence of minute Algce. Hymenium smooth, even, buff, some-
times cinereous ; margin entire, more or less lobed. Th. intyhacea,
Grev. is certainly only an old permanently resupinate state, the margin
being sometimes very much lobed.

13. T. purpurea^ Pers. {lilac Thelephora); imbricated sub-
coriaceous zoned strigose, smooth beneath purple. Pers. Syn.
p. 571. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 407. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 440.—
Auricularia refiexa, Bull. t. 483./ X—b.^A.'^persistens, Sow,
t. 388. f. 1. Purt. 3Iidl Fl. v. 2. 7i. 1025.— T. elegans, Purt,
I. c. V. 2. 7?. 1024. t. 6. S)' V. S.p. 455. Sow! t. 412. f. 1.

Stumps, fallen trees, &c. Very common. Perennial.— In general
densely imbricated, soft but coriaceous, very rigid when dry, deeply
zoned, strigose, but not so much as in the foregoing species, the
margin much waved and almost plicate, varying greatly in colour,
whitish, yellowish, pallid-lilac, &c., with frequently a black zone near
the margin. Hi/meniwn smooth, in general of a fine purple or lilac,
at length cinereous, sometimes dark-brown. Certainly distinct from
Th. hirsuta, though some states are difficult to discriminate.^ An
authentic specimen from Mr. Sov,'erby's collection proves that his A.
elegans is only a state of this, as may also be inferred from Mr, Purton*s
account. 1 have, however, specimens gathered on the bark of a willow,
about which I am not so certain, as they are extremely thin, the hy-

Thelephora:\ ruNGi. 1C7

menium quite smooth, dark-brown and shining, sometimes not extend-
ing to the margin, so that the white of the upper surface is seen through.
This I had supposed to be the true T. elegans, on account of its
exactly resembling Purton's figure in colour, until I saw an authentic
specimen.

I entirely omit ThelcpJtorn hcpatica of Frie?, {Auricidaria IcuviSy
Sow.) since an inspection of the original specimen has convinced me
that it is nothing more than a washed state of this or the following
species.

14. T. sayiguinoUnta, A. Sc S. (silhi/ hlood-stained Thelephora) ;
dimidiate or reflexed blood-coloured wlien bruised silky pale,
beneath smooth i^reyish broAvn. Alb. ^' Schw.p. 274-. Fr. Syst.
JShjc. V. 1. 2^' 440. Grev. FL Ed. p. 409. Sc, Cnjpt. FL t.
225 T. sericea, (3. sanguinolenta, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 1. p. 117.

On fir-stumps, not uncommon. Perennial. — Densely gregarious ; at
first resnpinate and circular, at length dimidiate or with the margin
more or less refiexed, all round, silky or almost strigose, zoned, the
zones darker. Hijmenium rough, from the inequalities of the matrix,
otherwise smooth, pale greyish-brown, when scratched or bruised be-
coming instantly blood-red.

15. T. amorpha. Pers. (^shapeless Thelephora) ; at first tuber-
culiform tlien cup-shaped, at lenn^th expanded, confluent sub-
coriaceous margined tomentose dirty-white, hymenium pallid
rufous (pale flesh colour, Purt.). Fr. El. v. \.p. 183. Pnrton,
MSS. — Peziza amorpha, Pers. Syn. p. 657. Pers. Myc. Eur.
V. 1. jy. 2G9.

On dead fir branches, rare. Purton. — Pileus 2 — 3 lines broad.
The present obscure plant is introduced on the authority of Mr. Purton.
Many Thclephorcc in an early stage of growth assume a form like that de-
scribed above; l)ut as INIr. I*urton appears to have been acquainted
with the species of Mougeot and Nestler, which Fries keeps distinct,
it is but justice to consider him as having the same plant in view.

16. T. quercma, Pers. (^Oak Thelephora); resupinate rigid
nearly black beneath, margin involute, hymenium flesh-coloured.
Pers. Sy)i. p. 573. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. ;;. 412. Grev. Fl,
Ed. p. 409. Sc. Cn/pt. Fl. t. 142. — Anrirfflaria coj'ticalis.
Bull. t. 43G./ 1. With. V. 4.77. 300. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 2 c^
3. n. 1022.

On fallen branches of or.k, beech, 5:c., especially in woods: the whole
year, l^xtremt-ly connnon. — Konndish, rcsuj)inate, the margin rcflcxed
all round and involute ; ;j?7c?/s smooth, black, llyiiunium Hosh-colour-
ed, generally cracked, more or less tubcrculatcd and wrinkled.

17. T. rufdy Pers. {icdd'ish-hrown Thdcphoru) ; cartiiaginoiis
roundish peltate red<li>i»-brown smooth, liymenium tuberculated
sprinkled witli a pfrey bloom. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 1. p. 1--J.
/'/•. I'^l.v. 1, p. 187. — Auricul'iria c'nicrrn, Sow. t. 388. /! 3.

Fallen branches; late in Autunu). Soucrhy. — "Thicker than t!ic
foregoing, margin smooth." Fr. I. c.

18. T. avdldnriy Fr. (^hasd-nut Thdtphora) ; effused ha;vl

163 FUNGI. [TJiehphora.

pallid blood-coloured when bruised, margin obtuse free, hy-
nienium even at first velvety at length smooth. Fr. SysL Myc,
V, l,p, 442. EL V. l.p. 188.

On bark and wood, especially hasel. Appin, Captain Carmichael.
— "Forming large broadly effused patches,of a thick firm corky substance,
and of the colour of a ripe hasel-nut. Much resembling T. rugosa,
but that, according to Fries, is always smooth in a growing state.

***** Entirely resupinate.

19. T. hyssoideSy Pers. (byssoid dark-seeded Thehphora) ;
irregularly effused byssoid pale ochraceous at length yellowish-
brown in the centre from the sporules. Pers, Syn. p. 577.
Er. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 452. El. v. 1. p. 196.

Spreading in broad patches over Spruce fir leaves, on the ground
at Apethorpe, Norths., but probably common in all fir-woods. I^ev.
M. J. Berkeley.— \ foot or more broad, at first white, very thin, soft
and cottony, but not radiating, with a slight ochraceous tinge in the centre,
gradually thickening and becoming more or less tuberculated, at length
of a more or less intense yellow-brown from the ejection of the spo-
rules. Asci obtuse, projecting beyond the surface of the lujmenixim.
Sporules oval, obtuse, yellowish-brown.

20. T. ccerulea, Schrad. {bright-hlue ThdepJwra); effused
confiuent adnate subtomentose bright blue, beset with minute
bristles of the same colour. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. I. p. 147. Er.

El. V. l.p. 202 Auricularia pJwsphorea, Sow. t. 350. Purt.

Midi. El. n. 1026. — Byssus p/tosphorta, With. v. 4. p. HI. —
Co7iferva pkosphorea, Dillw. t. 88. — Dematium violactumy Hook.
El. Scot. 2. p. 34.

On decaying rails, sticks, &c., very common. — At first byssoid, but
when fully developed forming a close membrane, following the undula-
tions of the wood on which itgrov/s, of a beautiful dark satiny blue, the
margin whitish. According to Fries, the hymenium is beset with bristles,
perceptible only under a high magnifier. This I have not verified.

*2l. T. rosea, Pers. (rose-coloured Thelephora) ; effused adnate
pruinose rose-coloured when dry beautifully rivulose, circum-
ference fringed white. Pers. Syn. p. 375. Er. Syst. Myc. v.
l.p. 451. El.v. l.p. 203.

On rose-branches, &c., King's Cliffe, Norths,, Rev. M. J. Berkeley. --kt
first forming small scattered patches, which at length become more or
less confluent ; the cobweb-like /nn^e gradually obsolete.

22. T. minidta, Berk, (scarlet Thelephora) ; broadly effused
bright-scarlet, at first thin membranaceous, then thicker of a
soft cottony substance, margin fibrillose.

On birch. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Near Glasgow, ^/o^25c7/.

, This most elegant species differs so much from T. sanguinea, Fr., in

being most highly coloured where expensed to light, while in the portions
to which the light has not free access it is nearly white, and in not
tinging the wood whereon it grows with its own bright hue, that an in-
spection of specimens renders it almost impossible to consider it the same.

ThelepJiora.l

FUNGI. 169

Neither does il agree with Auricularia aurantiaca, Sov/. ( T. bolaris,
Pers. jSLjc. Eur.) to which it is referred by Klotzsch in Hook. Herb.,
that species being described as of a woody texture and becoming horny
when well dried, characters wholly at variance with the present plant,

23. T. aurcmtidca, Sow. {orcuige Thelephora) ; orbicular
bright orange somewliat woody, horny when dry, the circuiu-
ference finely fibrous and satiny. — Auricularia aurantiaca , Sow.
t. 291.— r. bolaris, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. I. p. 138.

On wood, Sowerby.—^\\\s is referred by Fries to T. sanrjuinea, as
a variety, but there is scarcely information enough given by fcowerby to
justify such a conclusion.

24. T.sulphurea, V qvs. {sulphur- colour ed Thelej)hora) ; effused,
fibrillose bright sulphur, hymenium somewhat tawny beset with
minute white bristles, circumference byssoid. Pers. Si/n. p,
579. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1 . p. 452. El. v. 1 . p. 204.— Himantia
siilphirea^ Pers. Syn. p. 703. — Mesenierica lutect, Nces, Sysf. f.
2S&. B.

On bark and wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael. King's Cliffe,
Norths., Rev. 31. J. BerMcy.—Kx. first consisting of loose distinct
byssoid fibres, in which state it frequently remains without produc-
ing a true hymenium ; next forming a thin resupinate silky subpulveru-
lent stratum with a beautiful byssoid margin; at length, according to
Fries, furnished with the true hymenium of a Thelephora and beset
with minute white bristles. In Captain Carmichael's specimens the
loose fibril.'ce are of a beautiful saffron yellow ; the more advanced stage
paler, with a yellowish or cinereous tinge in the centre, the byssoid
margin nearly white.

25. T. carbondria, Bert. {Charcoal Thelephora); at first,
punctiform waxy bright orange, at length confluent, circum-
ference abrupt delicate white byssoid.

On charred ground in wet weather. July. Rockingham Forest,
Norths., 7?et;. M.J. Berkeley.— M first sight appearing like a small
Hat punctiform orange Peziza, with a delicate white subicuhnn ; but a
minute inspection shows that it docs not belong to that genus ; these
points soon increase in diameter and at length become conllucnt, the
hubiculum forming a border to the whole nia>s, and filling up the inter-
stices with its bright silvery threads. The asei arc clavate aiul contain
several c\\\\n\c spor ales. It is curious that in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium
there are specimens of this undescribed species from .luan Fernandez,
transmitted by Bertero, and named by him, growing in precisely the
same sort of situation, and diflering in nothing but colour, which in his
dried specimens is pale tawny.

2(). T. lictescots, Berlc. {willy Thehphora) ; efl^isod even,
following the inerpialities of the matrix, circumference slightly
byssoid pale salmon colour, when bridvcn distilling a wliite
milky juice.

On the bark of pine stumps. Clifton, Notts., Rev. M. J. Reruley.

Thin, spreading for a considerable distance over the bark ami foUow-

• • • . . 1 • - ubbtancc

ng all its inequalities, with a scarcely byssoid border, nuicr b

170 FUNGI. [Thelephora.

variegated with bands of different shades running pru*allel with the
surface. When broken it gives out a milky juice which in taste and
smell resembles exactly that of Agancus quietus. Specimens which
had been placed in a tin box, when taken out after some months had a
broad byssoid margin, very different from their original state. A most
singular and distinct species, and undoubtedly a true Thelephora.

27. T. gigdntea, Pers. (large ivliite Thelephora) ; subcartila-
ginous very broad liyaline, when dry resembling paper, milk-
white, circumference at first strigoso-radicate. Pers. Myc. Eur,
V. \,p. 150 T. pergammea^ Pers! I, c. Fr. El. v. I. p. 213.

On fir-wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Rae Hill Woods,

Dumfries, Professor Hoolier The specimens noted above and similar

ones, gathered by myself in Scotland, differ from an authentic specimen
of Persoon now before me in having a less milky appearance, but the
hymenium seems to be less perfectly developed and the most advanced
individual differs very little. The circumference is very broad and almost
byssoid and shows only here and there a tendency to become spinuloso-
radiate. There is no doubt, however, that T. gigantea is the correct
name. Persoon makes several species of its different states.

28. T, incrustans, Pers. (creejying Thelephora) ; eifused sub-
carnose rugose tuberculated pale, circumference somewhat
fibrous. Pers. Syn. p. 377. Fr. Syst, Myc, v.\, p, 448. —
T, sehacea, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. \, p. 135.

On the ground and mossy trunks of trees ; not unfrequent, after
much rain. Braid Hermitage ; Autumn. Dr. Greville. King's Cliffe,
Norths., running-up tufts of Aira cccspitosa. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. —
*' 1 — 4 inches broad, soft, fibrous at the margin spreading over mosses
and culms of grass, small twigs or any thing that lies in its way, and
often so completely enveloping them as to make them resemble minute
stalactites. Hymenium smooth, very irregular and uneven, tuberculose
and papillose." Grev. I. c. Asci rather large, obovate, containing one
or two oblong sporules.

29. T, cdlcea, Pers. (chalk-ivhite Thelephora) ; effused wax-
like closely adnate quite smooth even cracked when dry dirty-
white, circumference like the rest of the hymenium. Pers. Sy?i,
p. 581. Fr, Syst, 3Iyc.v. 1. p. 453. Grev. Fl. Ed. p, 411.
Fr.El.v. I, p. 215.

" On decaying wood and trees. Frequent. Braid Hermitage, on a
dying elm. Autumn. — Unequal in thickness, effused, hard, extending
over several inches. Hpnenium white, discoloured in age, much cracked,
papillose, sometimes quite plane and smooth." Grev. I. c,

SO. T. Samhuci, Pers. {Elder-wood Thelephora); effused
membranaceous thin, margin entire, liymenium white smooth
subpapillose. Pers. Myc. Eur. v, \.p. 152. Grev. Fl. Ed. p.
411. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 242.

On elder and birch : very common. — The papillce. arise apparently
from the inequalities of the bark or wood on which it grows.

31. T. ochrdceaiYr. (ochraceoiis Thelephora); effused very
broad thin, hymenium of an ochrey pale yellow, circumference

ThelepJiora.] ruNGl. 171

somewliat radiated evanescent. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 1. p. 446.
Pers. Myc. Eur, v. I. p. 137. Fr. EL v. I. p. 216.

" On rotten trunks and branches of trees, frequent. Woods about
Edinburgh. Autunm. — Covering a large surface, being often a foot
or more broad, mostly resui)inate, but sometimes slightly reflexed or
rather detached at the margin, adhering close to the wood. Margin
entire in old plants, but villous when young. Hymenium smooth,
ochraceous, sometimes with a faint purplish tinge ; joo;j/7/« rather large,
irregular and spurious, being produced by the asperities of the wood.
It resembles some states of T. corylea." Grev. I. c.

32. T. livida, Fr. (livid Thelephora) ; effused quite smooth
subviscid livid or blueish. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 447. El.
V. 1.;;. 218.

On birch (and decorticated pine-wood, Fr.). Appin, Cu-ptain Car-
michael. — Captain Carmichael's specimens are not fully developed and
appear like a thin scattered greyish wash upon the bark. When full
grown, according to Fries, it becomes thicker, subgelatinous and cracked
when dry. The colour varies.

33. T. viscosa, Pers. (viscid Thelephora) ; effused subgela-
tinous quite smooth blueish or subcinereous. Pers. Syn. p. 580.
Fr. Sysf. Myc. v. 1. p. 448. EL v. 1. ;;. 218. FL Pan. 1831.
/. l.— T. livida, (3. viscosa, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. \. p. 149.

On fallen branches. Appin, CajJtain Carmichacl.

34. T. epidermea, Pers. (Bark T/ielephora) ; effused thin
smooth, margin delicate and byssoid, hymenium whitish at first,
at length very pale buff, papilhe scattered or none. Pers. Myc.
Eur. V. 1. p. 136. Grcv. FL Ed. p. 410.

•' On dead and decayed branches of trees : Braid Hermitage. — In
drying, the substance is inclined to crack and the fracture is byssoid.'*
Grcv. I. c. Fries refers T. cjndcrmca to his T. conjluciia, but iis he
di;stinctly says of that, that the circumference is not byssoid, 1 think it
right to leave Dr. Greville's plant distinct.

35. T. granulosa, Pers. (hydnoid Thelephora) ; effused thin
smooth granulated with white prominent papillae Ptrs. Syn.
p. 576. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 446.

On Wood. Appin, Cdptain CanitichrnL — Forming a thin, adnatc,
whitish, or sub-ochraceous stratum, following the irregularities of the
wood, with scarcely any dchnite circun)ilreuce, beset with crowded
rather sharp granules.

36. T. coniedciiSy Nees, (immersed Thelephora); eftuscd,
growing beneath the bark of trees, at length bursting Ibitli
thin smootli yellowish flesh-colour even at length cracked.
Nees, Syst.f. 255. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 447.

On dry decayed branches ; especially of oak, sloe, red currant, &c.,
very conunon.— Diblingui.shable at once by its peculiar mode of growth.
It originates beneath the bark \\hich pecks ofl" and leaves it naked,
forming a niargin round it.

37. 2\ incarndta, Pers. (briyht-colourcd Thelephora); wax-

17*2 FUNGI. [Thelephora,

like adnate confluent, hymenium of a bright colour sprinkled
witli a very thin somewhat flesh-coloured bloom. Pers. Myc.
Eur. V. 1. p. 130. Fr. EL v. \. p. 2\d,

On iallen branches, oak-timber, rose, bramble, &c. Very common.
— Extremely variable, forming a thin, variously but brightly coloured
stratum.

38. T. nuda, Fr. {pale Thelephora) ; wax-like adnate conflu-
ent yellowish flesh-colour not briglit, circumference smooth,
hymenium sprinkled with a white fugacious bloom. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. I. p. 447. El.v. I. p. 221.

On dry sticks. Margate, Rev. M. J. Berheleij. Probably not un-
common.— Distinguishable from the last by its dull colour when dry.
I have seen this and a state of the following species upon the same stick,
running so intimately the one into the other, that it was difficult to
believe them distinct. Both frequently spring at first from the orifices
of different species o^ Sphccria, forming little round patches which at
length become confluent.

39. T. cinerea, Pers. (dusky Thelephora); somewhat waxy
adnate confluent rather dingy, circumference slightly radiant,
hymenium sprinkled with very thin cinereous bloom. Pers.
Syn. p. 579. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 453. El. v. 1. p. 221 —
T. fraxinea, Pers. 3fyc. Eur. v. 1. p. 145. Grev. Fl. Ed. p.

410 T. Tilice, Pers. Myc, Eur. v. 1. j). 147. Grev, Fl. Ed.

p. 410.

On fallen branches of ash, lime, currant, &c. Extremely common. —
The principal distinctive mark of this species is its dingy colour, which
varies from brown to cinereous or almost black. A state of it often
invests the whole cavity of decaying pollard ash-trees, with a thin
blackish coat. On small ash-twigs, it is generally of a brownish hue. „

'* 40. T. acerina, Pers. (3Iapl3 Thelephora) ; thin interrupted
dry subfarinaceous milk-white. Pers. Syn. p, 581. Fr, Syst,
Myc. V. l.p. 453. 3Iouy. ^ Nest ! n. 991.

On the bark of maple, spreading in small detached patches over the
whole trunk and resembling the barren white crust of a Lichen. Very
common. Distinguishable from Thelephora Sambuci by its thicker
substance, scattered habit, and its not changing colour at all when dry.
The substance is of a somewhat farinaceous texture and cracks very
slightly in drying.

41. T. corrugdta, Fr. (reddish bristly Thelephora); efl^used
closely adnate immarginate thin much cracked pale cinnamon,
beset with ferruginous bristles. Fr. Obs. Myc. v. \. p, 134.

Pers! Myc. Eur. v. 1. p. 134 T.Padi, Pers, I. c, p, 142.

Grev, Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 234.

Trunks of dead oak, hasel and bird cherry. Appin, Captain Car-
michael. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. — " Ferruginous-brown, with some-
times a slight purplish tinge and a grey bloom as if covered w ith a thin
coat of white body-colour. Bristles^ under the microscope, jointed."
Grev. I. c. The term " rugoso-plicate" introduced by Persoon and

Clavaria.] FUNGI. 173

Fries into the specific character, is certainly, as Dr. Greville hints, in-
admissible. An inspection of specimens clearly shows that it depends
entirely upon the nature of the bark on which it grows. Part of one
of Dr. Greville's specimens is very rugged and the rest nearly even :
Captain Carmichael's appear to have arisen from several smaller con-
fluent nearly orbicular individuals, each of which is very rugged with
concentric ridges and minutely cracked in a radiating manner. The
margin is in these distinct, of a beautiful golden-brown, minutely waved
and ap[)arently recurved.

42. T.Lauro-ctrasi, Berk. (^Chernj-JaurelThelephord); at first
orbicular, tlie circumference subtomentose and pale, at length
confluent of a uniform pale cinnamon smooth.

On Prumis Lauro-cerasus, WoUaston, Notts.: Rev. 31. J. Bei'helei/.
— At first appearing under the form of orbicular, gregarious patches,
brownish or somewhat rufous in the centre, pale towards the circum-
ference which is very thin and subtomentose ; when full grown it is
equally thick all over, the circumference well defined, the extreme e(}..gQ
only very minutely pubescent, of a [)leasant pale cinnamon, following
the inequalities of the wood, otherwise even and quite free from bristles ;
slightly cracked when dry. I can find nothing at all agreeing with tb.e
present species, which is placed here because of its stronger resemblance
to T. cornigata, than to any other species with which I am acquainted ;
though, perhaps, it is more nearly allied to some of the foregoing section ;
but I have never found any tendency in the margin to become reflexed.

Tribe II. CivAVATi. (from clava, a. club). Bccepfacle verti-
cal, simple or branched, tending to a cylindrical form, immarginaie.
IJymenium superior. Ascijixed.

15. Clavaria. Vaill. Clavaria.
Heceptncle erect, more or less cylindrical, liomog-oncous, con-
fluent with tlie stem. Hijmeniiun occupying the whole surface.
— Name derived from clava, a club, on account of the peculiar
form.

* Branched.

1. C. coralloides, L. (Coral Clavaria) ; erect white, ?tem
rather thick, branches unequal elongated mostly acute. Linn.
Suec. l->68. Sow. t. 278. {upper figure). Part. Midi. Fi v. 2
4-3. n. 10G4. Fr. Sgst. Myc. v. 1. /). 467. Greu. Fl. Fd.
p. 412. — Ramaria coralloides, alb. Jlolmsh. Ol. 1. p. 113, cjim
fig. — b. grisea. CI. cincr<a, Grcv. Srot. Crypt. Fl. t. 04, 321.

On the ground in shady f)laocs after nnich rain : not common. — Pure
white, sometimes violet at the base. In accordance with the views of
M. Fries, A. ri/u-rea, (hcv. is introduced here as a variety, though it
must he confessed there is little similarity in form.

2. C. grisea, Pers. (grey darh-sccdcd Clavaria') ; cinereous,
stem thick, branches somewhat rugose, brancldets ol)tuse
nne(jual. Pers. Syn.p. 580. Fr. Syst. Jfyc. v. \. p. 408.

On the ground, Captain Carna'chacl. — Differs from the foregoing in
the subferruginous spurults.

174 FUNGI. [Clavaria,

3. C. stricki, Pers. {straight-branched Clavaria) ; much
branched pale at length brownish, branches and branclilets
straight adpressed acute. Pers. St/n. jj. 588. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V, I. jj. 468. Fl. V, \. p. 229. — C. muscoides, Sow. t, 156.

Woods and gardens, on wood ; not common. Sowerhy. — " Stem
rather slender, ascending, furnished at the base with rooting fibriUce,
firm, above 3 lines high and thick. Branches divided in an arcuate
manner, then converging, opaque, generally pale-yellow, brownish when
bRjised. Sporules cinnamon." Fi: I. c.

4. C. abietina, Pers. {fir-grove Clavaria); very much branched
dull ochre, stem clothed with white down, branches straight
close sulcato-rugose, branchlets forked acute. Pers. Syn,
p. 588. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 469. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 412.

Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 107. Kl. Fung. Germ. exs. n. 43.

Fir woods, on the ground. Not uncommon. Aug. — Sept. — Easily
known by its changing to green when bruised. " Sporules ochraceous.'*
Grev.

5. C. pratensis, Pers. (Meadow Clavaria) ; tufted yellow,
stem slender, branches short geniculate divaricate, branchlets
obtuse subfastigiate. Pers. Com. t, 4. f. 5. Syn. p. 590.

Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 471. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 412 C. mus-

coides, Bolt. t.\\4. — C.fastigiata, Bidl. t. 358. D. E. With. v. 4.
jy. 339. Purt. Midi. Fl. v. 3. n. 1508. — Ramaria fastigiata,
Holmsh. Ot. I. p. 90, cum Jig. — Cor alio -fungus ^ Vaill. t. S. f. 4.

Meadows and woods : Common. Oct. Nov. — Readily distinguished
by its tufted fastigiate mode of growth. The apices are often incras-
sated.

6. C. corniculdtaf SchcefF. (yelloia-horned Clavaria) ; yellow
erect branched, branches slender much divided in a dichotomous
manner, branchlets slender acute the axils lunulate. Schceff.
t. 173. Pers. Syn. p. 5S9. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. All. Grev.
Fl. Ed. p. 412. — Ramaria muscoides, Holmsk. Ot. I. p. 87.
cum Jig.

Meadow, grassy woods, &c. Oct. Common. — " Taller than the
last, solitary, less branched, dry; very smooth, except the base which is
tomentose ; bright yellow, resembling somewhat the yolk of an egg;
branchlets elongated, attenuated, subcompressed, acute or obtuse."
Fr. I. c.

7. C. amcthystina^ Bull. (^Amethyst Clavaria); very much
branched, branches elongated subcylindric obtuse. Bidl. t. 496.

/. 2. Pers. Syn. p. 590. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 472. Purt.
MSS. Roques, Hist des Champ, t. 1. /. 2. — C. purpurea,
Schceff. t. 172. — Ramaria amethyslina, Holmsk. Ot. 1. p. 110.
cum Jig — C. corcdloides {purple var.), With. v. 4. p. 339. Purt.
MidLFl.v. 2.J0. 697.

Amongst leaves under trees. Rare. Aug. Sept. Stachhouse. Purton.
— Esculent.

8. C.cristdla, Holmsk. (crested Clavaria) ; tufted smooth even

Clavaria.] FUNGI. 175

snow-white or dirty-white at length dingy, branches dihited
above crested, the lacinite acute. Pets, St/n. />. 591. Fr. Syst.
Mijc. V, 1. p. 473. Grev. Fl. Ed, p. 413. Scot Crypt. FL
t. 190. — Ramaria crlstaia, Ilulmsk. Ot. 1. p, 92. cum Jig, — C*.
albida, Schceff. t. 170.

On the ground in woods and shady places ; not uncommon. — Dis-
thiguished by its dilated, more or less crested or fimbriated apices. In
var. y. fimhriata (apparently liumaria oimithopiodoides, Holmsk. Ot.
p. 84.), which has been found in Scotland by Captain Carmichael, the
general appearance is very different, the stem being solitary, the divisions
extremely slender and acute, and the lacinice very deep.

9. C rugosa, Bidl. {ivrinkled Clavaria) ; simple or slightly
branched tough incrassated above obtuse wrinkled longitudinally
whitish. Bull. t. 448. /. 2. Ptrs. Sgn. p. 594. Fr. Syst.
3Iyc. V. I. p. 473. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 413. Scot. Crypt, FL
t. 328. — C. coralloides. Sow. t. 278, lower figures. Part. Mid I.

FL V. 3. p. 269 C. elegans, Bolt. 115. With. v. 4. p. 338—

Corallo-fungus ccnididissiimis, Vaill. Par. t. S.f.-2.

Grassy places and woods. Common. Aug. — Nov. — Generally simple,
but occasionally furnished with a few short branchlets, which are incras-
sated, longitudinally rugose and very obtuse.

** Simple,

10. C, pistilluris, L. (large brown Clavaria)'; solitary large
smooth yellowish-rufescent obtuse incrassated upwards. Linn.
Suec, 1266. Schaff. t. 169, 270. BulL t. 244. Pers. Syn,
p. 597. Fr. Syst.Myc. v. 1. p. 477. — C. Ilerculeana, Sow. t. 277.

With. V. 4. p. 319. Purt. MidL FL v. 3. n. 1509.

Shady woods. Rare. Oct.— Nov. Copland Wood, Hereford ; 5'/'rtc/^-
house. Windsor Forest, SoLccrhij. Wcthely wood, Moreton wood,
Rev. W. S. lliilford. — Plant G — 12 inches iiigh, varying somewhat in
form, dull orange, dingy brown in decay.

11. C. Ardenia^ Sow. {Lady Ardcns Clavaria); very tall
hollow incrassated above, reddish-brown tomentose at the base.
Sow. t. 215. Pers. Syn. p. 599. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 478.

On branches oftlascl, s|)ringing from the underside. Rare. Nov.
Nork Park near I'pj.om ; Lady Ardcn. — " Above a span liigii, flcxuoua
below, gradually incrassated u()ward.s, smooth, opatiuc, apex acute in the
young i)lant, then obtuse and bursting." Fr. I. c.

12. C. rosea, Dalin. (red Clavaria) ; gregarious snbcylin-
drical (jnite siujple^rose-coloured the tip at length yellow nar-
row and dirty white at the base. Bah/tan in V.A.IJ.lSll,
p. 157. (Ji<fe Fr.) Fr. Obs. Myc. v. 2. p. 290. /. o.f. 2.

Pastures near Kelso, conniiunicuted to Dr. Grevillc by Mr, Douglas,

13. C. fusiformis, Sow. (spindle-shaped Clavaria) ; densely
fasciculate yellow nearly e<jual incurved smooth. Sow. t. 244.
Pers. Si/n. p. 60 1 . /•>.' Sysf. Mi/c. v. 1. p. ^180.— C. j>islil/ariSy
Bolt, I. 1 10. Purt. MidL FL v', 2 .y 3. n, 1066.

176 FUNGI. [Clavaria:

Amongst grass : Autumn. Hampstead Heath. Hornsey, Sowerhy*
Balmuto near Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Appin, Captain Carnnchael-
— " Yellow, smooth, about 3 inches high, many individuals collected
into a fasciculate tuft ; nearly erect, rather brittle, attenuated at either
end, apex darker." Fr. I. c. Fries in his Elenchiis appears to consider
this as a variety of C. incequalis.

14. C. ceranoides, Pers. (jjellow wrinkled Clavarid) ; fasci-
culate unequal slightly divided yellowish, apex brown. Pers^
Syn. p. 594. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 481. — C. rugosa, Soiv,
t. 235.

Sent to Mr. Sowerhy by Mr. E. Forster in September. — This species
resembles in form some states of C. rugosa, but it appears to be very
distinct.

15. C. mcBfjudlis, Miill. (irregular yelloiu Clavaria) ; fasci-
culate unequal brittle yellow or yellow-white acute irregular.
Fl. Dan, t. Ql^.f. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 481. Grev. Fl.
Ed. p, 414. — C. bifurca, Bull. t. 264. — C. vermiculata. Sow.
t. 253.

Meadows and pastures ; common. — Somewhat tufted or gregarious,
1 — 3 inches high, of various sizes and forms, fragile, compressed, angular
or channelled, often bifid and variously cut and jagged at the apex, more
or less ventricose in the centre, smooth and mostly yellow, though
occasionally whitish. Grev. I. c.

16. C. helvola, Pers. (opaque yelloiu Clavaria); gregarious
round equal even dirty yellow, apex frequently cinnamon.

Pers. Syn. p. 595.

Meadows and pastures. Not uncommon. Sept. — Linear, subgre-
garious, 1 — 2 inches high,

17. C. frdgilis, Holmsk. (brittle Clavaria); tufted fistulose
white or yellowish variable in form. Holmsk. Ot. 1. p. 7, cum

jig. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 484.— a. gracilis; atte*nuated
upwards. C. fragilis, Pers. Comm. p. 11 — C. gracilis, Bolt,
t. 111./ 1. Sow.t.'^Q^. — b. cylindrica ; stem slender recep-
tacle SAvoUen obtuse. Vaill. t. l.f. 5. — C.cxjlindrica, Bull. t. 463.

/ 1. Pers. Com. p. 16. Soiv. t. 90. Purt. Midi. Fl v. 2
4^ 3. n. 1067.

On the ground, woods and heaths ; not common. — a. Nork Park,
Lady Arden. b. Between Newington and Hornsey, Sowerhy. — " Gre-
garious, subcDsspitose, 1—3 inches high, sometimes forked, stuffed when
young, round, straight, at length hollow, compressed, twisted, often
rugose, attenuated, paler below, without a distinct stem ; apex at
length yellowish." Fr. I. c. C. fragilis, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl.
t. ol, is referred by Fries as a variety to C. incRqualis ; it certainly
appears to differ very much from the figures quoted above, though much
resembling C. fragilis, b., Holmsk., to which figure I can find no re-
ference made by Fries, except it be included in the general citation of
C. fragilis, Holmsk.

18. C, vermiculdris, Sw. (icorm-like Clavaria) ; pure white

Caiocera.] FUNGI. 177

tufted crowded subulate flexuous solid but with a small per-
foration mostly somewhat connected at the base. 7'V. iS?/sf.
Myc. V. 1. p. 484. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 414 — C. vcrmicutatay

Purt. Midi. FL v. 2 ^- 3. n. 1057 C. Hercideana, var. 4.

With. V. 4. p. 319. — Clavaria vermiculata, Sfc, 3Iich. p. 209.
t. S7.f. 12.

Lawns, pastures, &c. Autumn. Extremely common after heavy rain.

19. C. uncidlis, Grev. (^minute obtuse Clavaria) ; gregarious
not fragile even obtuse white smooth attenuated downwards.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl.t. 9S. FL Ed.]). 413. Fr. ELv. l.p.2'3^.

On the dead stems of large herbaceous plants, rotten twigs, &c., m
woods. Autumn. Foxhall, near Edinburgh, Captain Wauch. — This
very distinct species, w hicli occurs occasionally in England, approaches
in size and form some species of the genus Pistillaria, but differs in
being furnished with di.-itinct asci. C. obtusa, Moufj. iN' Nest ! n. G83.
appears to be the same but I can find no asci.

20. C. aciita, Sow. (?)iinute acute Clavaria) ; straight white,
the receptacle distinct equalling the stem in length acuminate.
Soiv. t. 333. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. ].p. 485.

On the ground, earth in garden-pots, &c. In many places, but sel-
dom more than two or three scattered plants — Solitary. Very variable
in size, from a few lines to an inch or more in length.

16. Calocera. Fr. Caiocera.
Between horny and gelatinous, tough, slimy, rooting without
any distinct stem. Asci slender. — Name, xu/'.o;, beautiful, and
y.s^a;, a horn.

1. C. viscosa, Pers. (slimy Caiocera) ; bright yellow, branches
and branchlets forked slender at the base. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1.
J). 486. EL V. 1. p. 233. 67. viscosa, Pers. Comm. t. 1. / 5.
Syn.p.b94. — CL fiammea, Schoff. t. 174. — CL cornuta, t. 289.

— CL gelatnwsa, Ilolmsk. Of. p. 81. cum Jig.

On old pine trunks ; rare. Kinnordy, Klotzscli, ni Ifooh. Herb. —
" Generally cu'spitose, 1 inch or more high ; root long, pale ; branclte^t
round or compressed, e(jual, but little divided. Known by its most
beautiful golden hue." Fr. L c. As I have no means of access to Fr.
Sijst. Orl). V(f/., in which he proposes the genus Caiocera as distinct,
and not merely as a subgenus, I am compelled to take the characters
given in the Si/st. Myc. without the advantage of an ac(]uaintance with
liis later views on the subjecf, and conse(|nently the characters assigned
above appear by themselves scarcely sufficient to warrant its separation
from Clavaria. There arc, however, so many conciuTcnt nutliorities
as to the propriety of suth separation, that it would be unpardonabli!
without a more complete knowledge of the subject to reject the genus,
and I have therefore thought rigiit to adopt it, though necessarily witli
inij)crfect characters.

2. C. tuherdsa, Sow. (tuberous Caiocera) ; tongli yellowisli
nearly simple the base tuberous. Fr. Syst. Myr. v, l.y;. 4bG.

— CL tubvrosuy Sow. t. 199. l\rs. Syn. p. 591.

N

178' rUNGl. [Geoglossunu.

On sticks, bursting through the bark. Stone Park, Sussex, Sowerbij.
— 'Root a thick strigose, subglobose tuber, giving out two or three simple
linear subacute receptacles from the same base.

3. C cornea, Batsch. (Jiormj Calocerd) ; tufted small simple
and branched yelloNV connate at the base. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1.
p. 486. — CL cornea, Batsch, Cant. \.f. 161. Pers. Syn. p. 596,
Sow. e. 40. With. V. 4. p. 337. Purl. 31idl. Fl. v. 24-3.
71. 1060. — CI. aculeiformis, Bull. ^ 463. /. 4. — CL medullariSi
Holnisk. Ot.p. SO. cum fig.

On trunks of trees, squared timber, &c. Common. Autumn. — •
Springing from cracks : when fresh soft, when dry hard and horny.

17. Geoglossum. Pers. Geoglossum.

Peceptacle erect, club-shaped, subcompressed, produced down-
ivards into a distinct stem. Hymenmm concrete, covering the
incrassated receptacle. Asci elongated. — Name from yn, the
earth, and yXwcca, a tongue.

1. G. hirsutum, P. {hairy Geoglossum^ ; hairy black. Pers,
Comm. p. 37. Syn. p. 608. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I. p. 488.
Grev. FL EcLp. 416. Scot. Crypt. FL t. 185. Klotzsch, Fung.
Germ. exs. n. 44 Clavaria ophioglossoides, Hohnsk, Ot. 1.

p. 18. cum fig. Sow, i. 83. Schceff. t. 327. Part. MidL FL
t'. 2 43. w. 1059.

Lawns, pastures, &c. • Not uncommon. Autumn.

2. G.gldbrum, Pers. (smooth Geoglossum) ; smooth dry black-
ish, stem subsquamulose. Pers. Syn. p. 608. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. I.
p. 488.— C/. ophioglossoides, BulL jf. 372. BulL t. 11 1. /. 2.

With. V. 4. p. 337.

Grassy places ; not common. Autumn. — Near Hahfax, Bolton.
Scotland ; Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. Near Bungay, Mr Stock.

3. G. diffZrme, Fr. (twisted Geoglossum) ; smooth even
slightly viscid black, receptacle compressed, distinct. Fr. Syst,
Myc. v.l'P' 489.

Amongst Hypmnn squarrosum on the grass plot before the steward's
house at Boughton House, Norths. Oct. 5, 1827. — Receptacle com-
pressed, lanceolate, hollowed out on either side, distorted, distinct,
smooth, very slightly viscid, dark-brown black, 1 inch or more long.
Sporules exactly as in G. viscosum. Stem equal, cylindrical, but little
compressed, H inch high, 2 lines thick.

4. G. glutindsum, Vers, (slmiifip-stemmed Geoglossum); smooth
black, receptacle compressed distinct, stem viscid. Pers. Com??!.
p. 38. Syn. p. 609. Fr. Sijst. Mijc. v. I. p. 489.

Grassy places, especially in marshes. Appin, Captain Cai'michael.-—
*' S(e7n nearly equal, 1 inch or more high, clothed with tenacious gluten,
reddish-brown inclining to black. Receptacle somewhat lanceolate,
obsoletely viscid, blacker than the stem." Fr. I. c.

5. G. viscosum, Pers. (slimy Geoglossum) ; smooth viscid

Spathidarla.-] • FUNGT. 179

black, receptacle round confluent with the stem. Pers. Comm.
p. 39. Sy7i. p, (309. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. 1. p, 489. Grev\
Scot. Crypt, FL t, 55. Fl. Ed. p. 416.

Moist meadows, pastures, &c. Autumn. Foxhall near Edinburgh,
Captain Wauch.

6. G. viride, Schrad. {(jreen Geoylossuivi) ; suhfasciculate green,
receptacle distinct, stem sqnamulose. Pers. Conan. p. 4G. cum
analysis t. 3. f. 3. Syn. p. 610. Ditm. in St. Dcutsch. Fl.
t 48. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 489. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl.

t. 211. — CI. viridis, Fl. Dan. t. 1258. /. 1 C. mitrata, var. b.

Holmsh. Ot. \. p. 24. cum Jig.

Moist grassy or shady places, in autumn ; rare. Banks of Tweed
near Melrose, Mr. W(dhcr Arnott. Appin, Captain Cdrmichad. It
has also been found in Scotland by Mr. J. T>. Hooher. — The sporides of
this species are white and elliptic, not dark, elongated and wrapping
one over the other as in G. hirsutum, dijforine and viscosum.

7. G. citcidldtum, Batsch. {fir-leaf Geoylossmn^ ; subferru-
ginous, receptacle ovate, stem capillary. Fr. El. v. I. p. 233.
— Elctlla cucidlata, Batsch, Cont. 1 . yi 132. — Clavaria ferrii-
yinea, Soiv. t. 84. — Miirida Jleydtri, Pers. disp. p. 36. t. S.f. 12.
Fl. Pan. i. 1670. /'. 2. — Leotia Mitrula, Pers. Syn. p. 611.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. FL ^ 81. Fl. Ed. p. 416 — Mitrula {Heyderia
abietis). Fr. Syst, Myc. v. 1. p. 492.

In fir woods. Kare in England, more common in Scotland. — This
curious little fungus is now considered by Fries a true species of Geo-
fjlossuvi. As I liave never met with it in a recent state, I am unable
to give any decided opinion as to the correctness of these viev.s, the
question entirely de[)ending upon a correct knowledge of the nature of
t)ie edge of the receptacle, which cannot be derived from dried sjieci-
niens, and therefore 1 follow Fries, who has certainly had the most
abundant opportunities of obtaining accurate notions on the subject.

18. Spatiiularia. Pers. Spathularia.

Pcccpiacle vertical compressed, runuiiif!^ down on either side
into the distinct stem. — Name from sjjat/tula, a little spoon.

1. S. /Idvida, Pers. {common Spathularia). Pers. Comm,
p. 34. Sipi. p. 6 1 0. Fr. St/St. Myc. v. 1 . ;?. 49 1 . Grev, Scot.
Crypt. Fl. t. \65.—Elidla clavata, Srhfi/f. t. U9.— IIelrclla
spathulata, Sow. t. 35. Part. Midi. Fl. V. 2 S; ^3. n. 1016.—
JI. fcritoria, Bolt. t. 97. — Claicma Spathula, Fl. Pan. t. 65S.
Pichs. Fasc. \. p.2\. With. v. 4. />. 317.

Pine-groves. .Inly— Oct. — - Mostly gregarious, .'1—5 inches high.
Pdctts hollow, yellow, rarely red(li>li, nnich compressed, more or less
of nn erect oliovate forn), slightly inllated. niulnlated or even IatMnio>e,
sometimes bifid or inclining to be lobed. It is in general placed in some
degree oblupiely on the stem ; in other words the stem appears to puss
along and eventually jienetratc the pilens half-way or near the ^u:mnit.
Sporides discharged clm»tically." Grtv. I, c.

180 FUNGI. {TypJiula,

19. MiTRULA. Fr. Mitrula.

Receptacle ovate, inflated, closely surrounding with its base
the distinct stem. — Name ; from the receptacle resembling a
little mitre.

1. M. paludosa, Fr. {marsh Mitrula) ; somewhat gregarious,
pileus yellow more or less ovate obtuse stem pale. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. ].p. 491.— Clavaria phalloides, Bull. t. 463. /. 3.— C/.
ejnphylla, Dicks. Fasc. S. p. 22. t. 9./. 10. With. v. 4. p. 317.
Sow. t. 293. — Leotia Ludwigii, Pers. Syn, t. 3. /. 13. — L. uli-
ginosa. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 416. Scot. Crypt. Fl. ^.312.

Amongst dead leaves and moss, in damp and watery places ; summer
and autumn — " Pileus very variable in form, hollow of a delicate bright
orange yellow. Asci linear, containing about four linear truncate
sporidia." Gi'ev. I. c. This fungus appears to be much more nearly
allied to Spathularia than Leotia, which belongs to the order Mitrati.

2. M. t7ii?iiitay Sow. (small orange Mitrula) ; very minute,
receptacle lanceolate orange, stem equal pallid. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. \. p. 492.~Clavaria minuta, Sow. t. 391.

On the bracteae o? Dipsacus pilosiis. Raleigh, Essex ; Bev. R. B.
Francis. — I have not been able to find specimens in Mr. Sowerby's
collection : possibly it may be a state of Pistillaria micans.

20. Typhula. Fr. Typhula.

Receptacle somewhat cylindrical, distinct from the capillary
stem, bearing sporules on every side ; asci obsolete. — Named
from Typha, the Reed-mace, which it somewhat resembles in
miniature.

1. T. gijrans, Batsch, (ivhite- stemmed Typhula) ; simple
wliite, stem pubescent. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 494. — Clav.
gyrans, Batsch, Cont. 1. t. 164. Pers. Syn. p. 606. — C. tri-
chopiis, Grew Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 49. — C. setipes, Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 414. — Cnazonaria setipes, Corda iyi St. Deutsch. Fl. Heft. 2,
t. 25.

Upon dead leaves, grass, &c,; not uncommon. — The state, figured-
by Greville, and which I have frequently met with in England, is that in
which it grows immediately from the dead leaf or culm, whereas on the
continent it appears more frequently to spring from some species of
-Sclerotium.

H, T. phacorhiza, Reichard. (elongated Typhula) ; simple
pale smooth, stem brownish. Fr. Syst, Myc. v. 1. p. 495. —
Clavaria phacorhiza, Reich, in Schrift. Naturf. Fr. BerL t. 9.
/. 4. {fide Fr.) With. V. 4. p. 317. Sow. t 233. Pers. Syn.
p. 607. Purt, Midi Fl. v. 3. p. 269. — Phacorhiza filiformis,
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 4\b. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 93.

On fallen leaves; not uncommon. — Distinguished from the following
species by its elongated receptacle exceeding the stem in length. In
general, but not always, growing on some Sclerotium. Often hairy at

Pistillaria.] FUNGI. 181

the base, drawn out and distorted from peculiar circumstances of
situation.

3. T.erylhropus, Pers. (red-stemmed Typhula); simple, recep-
tacle smooth white stem dark red. Fr. Syst. Mi/c. v. \.p. 495.
^Clav. gyrans, t, 1 12. With. v. 4. p. 316. Part. Midi. FL v. 2.
p. 694. V. 3. p. 471. — C. crythropus, Pers. Cotnm. p. 84. Syn,
p. 696. t. 2. f. 14. — Phacorhiza erythropus, Grev. Scot. Crypt.
FLt.4S. FL Ed. p. 415.

On various decaying vegetable substances. Not uncommon. Ofterr
growing on some species of Sclerotium — 3 lines — 1 inch high. Stem
often flexuous. A variety of this, if not a distinct species, occurs now
and then on fallen leaves, 1 — 3 lines high, without any tuber, the stem
either white, like the receptacle, or brownish, but not red. In other
respects 1 can perceive no difference.

4. T. tenuis, Sow. [slejider black Typhulci) ; gregarious simple
smooth black very slender incrassated above. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1./?. 495. — Clav. tenuis, Sow. t. 386. y. 5.

Tlotten wood. Mead Place, Lambeth, in a coal cellar in dan^p

weather " It resembles a little black hair thickening upwards.'*

Sow. I. c.

5. T. Jilijonuis, Bull, (thread-like Typhula) ; somewliat
branched reddi^ih-brown, receptacles clavate whitish. Fr. Syst.
Nye. V. 1. p. 496.— Clav. Jiliformis, Bull. t. 448. /. 1. Sow.
t. 387. — Himantia lateritia, Pers. Syn. p. 704.

On fallen leaves. — " Decumbent, creeping, free, subflexuous, brown,
cinereous brown or (generally) brick-red." Fr. I. c. According to
8ovverby it resembles Byssus barbata, E. B. [Ozonium auricumum).

21. Pistillaria. Fr. Pistillaria.

Receptacle slender, cylindrical, without any distinct stem.
Hymeniiun even, occupying the whole surface, but producing
sporules only in the upper part. Asci obsolete. — Name, from
the column or pistil-like form of the plant.

1. P. micajis, Pers. ((jlittering red Pistillaria) ; ohovate or
clavate rose-coloured glittering with the sporules, stem very
short M'hite. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 497. — Clavaria acrosper-
7nuni, IIof))n. Fl. Germ. t. 7.f. 2. — Clavaria inicans, Pers. Syn.
p. 604.

On dead Thistles, Cambridge : 2i<v. JM. J. Btrhrhy. — Very minute,
not a line liigh. The 7*. rnbicuiida oi (li\ru\. in Hook. Jhrb., appears
to be a state of this species, which evidently, from the account of
Albertini and Schweintz, varies from obovate to snl)clavale. The
head, in the dry |)lant, nods, as described by those authors. The figure
in Sturnj's JJcutschl. II., by Corda (Sclcromytra coccinea) is very
niucii exaggerated.

2. P. pubtrula, Berk, (smaller Fern Pistillaria) ; wliite,
receptacle obovute, stem subdistinct more or less pubescent.
Clavaria obiusa, How. t. 334. f. 2.

(1 82 FUNGI. [Morchettu.

On Pteris aquilina, Sowerby. King's Cllffe, Norths., Rev. M. J.
Berheley. — Very minute, scarce one line high. Stem attenuated up-
wards, composed of many confluent fibres. Receptacle obovate, but
not broadly so ; sporules apparently breaking off from the thickened
end of the filaments, which resemble true asci.

3. P. quisquilidris, Fr. (obtuse Pistillaria) ; in crassated above
wliite. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 497. — Clavaria obtusay Soiv.
t. 334. f. 1.

On steins and leaves of Pteris aquilina ; Soicerby. — Gregarious,

3 4 lines high, apex incrassated, sometimes flattened or bifid, quite

even and smooth." Fr. I. c.

4. P. muscicola, Pers. {moss Pistillaria) ; minute suhfiliforrii
slightly incrassated above, the base dilated. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 1. p. 498. — CI. 7nuscicola, Pers. Syn. p. 606. Nees^ Syst.

f. 154. — Clavaria uliginosa, Wallr. Ann. Bot. p. 141.

Onllypnum triquetrum at Stibbington, Hunts : Rev. M. J. BerMey.
Killarney, Mr. W. Wilson.— Yevy ^ninute, attached to the leaves of
II. triquetriwi by a few fibrillge.

5. P.pusiUa, Pers. (dwarf Pistillaria) ; nearly linear smooth
white. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 1. p- 498. — Clavaria imsilla, Pers.
Conun. t. 3./. 6.

On dead stems of Equisetiim, at Weymouth ; Rev. M. J. Berheley.
— Slightly thickened upwards, not 1 line high, nodding when dry. My
specimens, which were gathered some years ago, have now a greenish
tinge.

Tribe III. Mitrati (from mitra, a bonnet). Beceptacle
hullafe, pikiform, margined. Hymenium superior, never closed.

22. MoRCHELLA. Dill. Morell.

Receptacle pileate. Hymenium costate, lacunose. — Name la-
tinized from the German morchel. •

1 . M. escidenta, L. (common Morell) ; pileiis conic ovate or
globose, its base adnate, ribs firm anastomosing into distinct
cells. Pers. Syn. p. 618. Trcdt. Essb. Schw. t. EE. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 6. Grev. Scot. Crijpt. Fl. t. 68. Fl. Ed.

p. 417. Rogues, t. \. f. 4, 5 Pliallus esculentus, Linn. Suec.

1262. Bolt. ^ 91. With. v. 4. p. 315. — Helvella esculenta, Sow.
t. 51, right and left-hand fig. Purt. v. 2 &i 3. n. IQIL—Mor-
chella continua, Tratt. Fung. Aust. ^ 6, w. 11.

Woods, orchards, cinder-walks, &c. Spring and early summer.—
Stem hollow, 1—3 inches high. Pileus 2—3 inches high, yellowish,
olivaceous, cinereous, &c., the ribs sometimes tinged with a different
colour from the cells. Varying much in form, occasionally nodding
and almost lobed, as in M. tremelloides, but easily distinguishable from
the other species hitherto observed in Great Britain by the contracted
base of the pileus being confluent with the stem. Esteemed everywhere
as a valuable article of food,

Morchella.] FUNGI. 1 83

2. 31. pcitula, Pers. (obtuse free-bordered 3Iorell) ; pileiis
obtuse its base free Iialf-way up, cells rhoniboidal. Pers. Syn.
p. 619. Trait. Fung. Aust. t. 6. n. 12. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 10.— ^HelveUa esculenta, Sow. t. 51, middle fig.

On banks : very rare. Kent, 3Ir. Jacob llayer. — Obtusely and
broadly conic. " Stem 2 inches high. Cells even M'ithin." Fr. I. c.

3. 31. semUibera, Dec. {long -stemmed 3Icrell) ; pileus conic
its base free half-way up, ribs longitudinal forming oblong veiny
cells. Dec. Fr. v. 2. p. 212.— Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 11 —
Helvella hijbrida, Soiv. t. 238. Purt. v. 2 Sf 3. n. 1018.— J/o?'-
chella hybrida, Pers. Syn. p. 620. Grev. So. Crypt. Fl. t. 89.
Fl. Ed. p. 4 1 8. — Phallus esculentus, vur. 2. With. v. 4. p, 315.

Hedge-banks and woods ; spring and early summer, rare. Darling-
ton, 3Ir. Robsou. Badsey. — vVoic, 3Ir. Rujford. Sambonrne, Warw.
Purt. 3ISS. Foxhall near Edinburgh, Copt. Wauch. King's ClifTe,

Apethorpe, Norths., Rev. 31. J. Berkeley Pdeus when young conic

or subgloboso-conic, yellowish olive, the reticulations formed by ribs
running down with toleu'ible regularity from the apex, oblong with a
few wrinkles within; stem short, thickest at the base, slightly fnrfnraccous-
Pileus (in the full-grown plant) H inch high, nearly as much broad,
darker, free for rather more than half its height ; the reticulations still
oblong, but occasionally some are rhomboidal ; sporidia* large, oval,
yellowish. Stcui 5 inches or more high, 1 inch thick at the base,
hollow, pitted and wrinkled below, more or less grooved through its
whole length, flexuous, slightly tinged with reddish-brown, decidedly
furfuraceous, the powdery scurf consisting of branched threads, v.ith
irregular, globose or oblong obtuse articulations : inner walls fiufuraceous,
as also the under side of the {»ileus. Crisp ; its taste pleasant.

* In the forogoiiig tribes I linvc used the word " xponilcs" to denote lliP
seed-like bodi»^s wliicii are generally rej,nu'ded as the iej)roduetive organs of
l'uii;;i. In this 1 followed the practice of Dr. Greville in the Flora Edhicusis^
and the caidicr portion of the Scottish CrijjAogamic Flora. But as considerable
inconvenience arises in certain Fungi from the use of this term, the bodies in
question being compound bodies, \vliose parts it is desirable to di.>tijigui»h by
iiame, I shall in the remainder <»f tlie volume adopt the nomenclature used by
Fries and by Cneville in the latter parts of the Cryptogamic Flora, only by way
of caniion, stating here tliat wherever " sporules" are mentioned in the former
portion of the vidnme, tlie same thing is meant as I»y " s/mrii/ia'' in the present.
The t(!rm sporiJia then will denote generally tiie reproductive bodies analogous
to Kiu'ds in perfect jdants. These are often placed end to end, so as to form au
elongated separate body, as in many Sj>/iaria,Sp<)ridesmium, &c., or even side by
bide as well as longitudinally, as in JiJiicrosporiuin Clii'nanlhi, bnt these com-
j»otind sporiiliii, wheie there is not an evident di>jnnclion of tin- comiioneiiL
jtarts, will still lie termeil Sjioridia. When the gianular mass \^ith which the
vesicles are filled is collected into one or more distinct bodies, as in some /VrirtP,
the bodies will be railed s])ori>/ivla, the name of Sporules being reserved lor
the individual t;iains anahii;ons to embrjos of wbicJi the nnclens is composed.
In saying that these bodies are analogous to seeds and embryos, some latittubi
must he allowed, as the mode of reproduction in j)erfect plants an<l I'nngi is s(»
«IitVerent ; it having been ascertained that nuillilndes of sporidia conspire t<»
prodin-.e an individii;il Fungus. (Jreat care is retpiiHite to distingnish elooiinted
s])uriiUa, containing a row of sporidi'ila from septate, «ir, «-orrectly speaking,
concatenated .v/iL»//(u</. \\'ithont a good microscop*' and favonrable lit;ht, «lieii
they are very transparent, it is M-mctin'.es almost im]>ossiLde to arrive at a
SHtlafftctorv conclusion.

184 FUNGI. [Verpa,

23. Helvella. Liwi. ITelvella.

Heceptacle pileate, deflexed, lobed. Hymenium even. — Named
from Helvella, the Latin name of some fungus.

1. H, crispa, Scop, (pallid Helvella) ; pileus deflexed lobed
free crisped pallid, stem fistulose costato-Iacunose. I^r. Sysf.

Mijc. V. 2. p. 14. — Phallus crispus, Scop, n, 1606 El. albida,

Schaff. t. 2S2.—H. ?nifra, Sow. t. 39. With. v. 4. p. 297. m

part. Part. n. 1015. ^ 16. (exc. middle jig ^ Poqucs, t. l.f.S.
— //. leucop/icea, Pers. Syn. p. 616. Tratt. Essb. Schiv. t. DD,
Idling. Aust. t. 18. w. 36. Grev. El. Ed. p. 417. Scot. Crypt.
Fl. t. 143.

Woods, &c. ; autumn. Not uncommon. — Pileus whitish, flesh-
coloured or yellowish. Stem 3 — 5 inches high, snowy-white, deeply
lacunose and ribbed, the ribs hollow. Esculent.

2. H. lacunosa, Afz. (ciiiereous Helvella) ; pileus inflated
lobed cinereous, lobes deflexed adnate, stem fistulose costato-
Iacunose. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 15. — EL Mitra, Schwf. t. 154.
— Hel. Mitra, Pers. Syn. p. 615. With. v. 4. p. 297. in part.
Purt. t. 16. central fiy. Grev. Scot. Crypt. FL t. 36. FL Ed.
p. 417.

Woods, on the ground and in hollow stumps. Less common than
the last. — Stem white or dusky.

3. H. eldstica, Bull. (Peziza-like Helvella) ; pileus free even
inflated at length acutely lobed, stem nearly even slender
elongated attenuated pruinose. Bull. t. 242. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 2. p. 21. — H. mitra, Bolt. t. 95. — H. albida, Pers. Syn. p. 616.
— H. fuliginosa, Bichs. 2. ^:>. 25. Sow.! t. 154. With. v. 4.
p. 299. Pelh. n. 1297. Part. n. 1495.

Woods and shady places ; rare. Near Halifax, Bolton, Scotland,
Bickson. Birdbrooke, Essex, T. Walfurd, Esq. Madingley. lielhan.

Ragley woods near Pophills, Alcester. Burton Much resembling in

some of its forms Peziza macropus.

24. ViiiPA. Swartz, Verpa.

Becpptacle conlco-deflexed, equal. Hymenium even or wrinkled.
— Name from Verpa, a Latin word synonymous with (paKKog.

\. V. digitaliformis, Pers. (fox-glove Verpa); pileus cam-
panulate drgitaliform slightly ^wrinkled umber, stem equal
transversely squamulose. Pers. 3I(/c. Eur. v.\. p. 202. t. 7.
/. 1—3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 24. EL 2. p. 2. Corda in
Sturnis Beutsch. FL v. 2. t, 7.— V. Krombholtzii, L c. t. 6.

Hedge-rows, with Morchella semilibera, King's Clifte, Norths., May 3,
1833, abundantly. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus at first nearly even,
olivaceous-umber, dark at the apex. Sletn obese, furnished at the base
with a few subrufous radicles, white with a slight rufous tinge, marked
with transverse rufous spots ; smooth to the naked eye, but under a

Leotia.] FUNGI. 185

lens clothed v\it!i fine a(]|)re.ssed flocci the rupture of which gives rise
to the spots which are, in point of fact, minute scales. In the full-
grown phint the pileus is f of an inch high, can)panu4ate, digitaliform
or subglobose, more or less closely pressed to the stem, but always
free, the edge sometimes inflexed so as to form a white border, wrinkled,
but not reticidated, sometimes iiowever so much so, as to assume t!)e
aspect of a Morchella, attached only at the very apex, and, occasionally,
when eaten ofi" at the [)oint of union by woodlice, falling dow n to the
base of the stem and surrounding it like a ring ; undor-side slightly
pubescent ; sporidia yellowish, elliptic. Stem 3 inches high, ^ an inch
or more thick, slightly attenuated downwards, loosely stuffed, by no
means hollow as in MorchcUa se.miUhcra. This is certainly the true

Verpa rUfjitullfonids, of which l^ersoon has given a very characteristic
figure, though criticized by M. Corda. The plant of the latter author
appears to be a variety with a smooth white stem and dark [)ileus.

Verpa KromhhoKzii differs in no respect from this, exce[)t in the
absence of scales.

2. V. conica, Sw. (^yellow-stemmed Verpa) ; pileus canipanulate
nearly even brown, margin somewhat wavy, yellow beneatli as
well as the equal stem. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. ^lA. — Phallua
conicus, FL Dan. L 654. — Leolia conica., Pers. Syn. p. G13.

Corda, I, c. t. 11. — b. "Pileus yellow-rufous, striate, conic;
stem liollow cylindrical, yellow." Helvella Relliard, Felli. Fd. 3.
p. 551. Wilh. V. 4. p. 298. Soiv. t. II.
Heaths ; Gogmagog Hills, Camb. Rel/tan.

25. Leotia. Hdl. Leotia.
Receptacle capitato-pileate ; margin revolutc, bearing asci
beneatli as well as above. — The origin of the name is uncertain,
perhaps from '/.ii(jrr,c, siiiootJmess.

1. L. infvudlbulifvrmis, SchfefF. (large Leotia) ; ])ileus de-
pressed livid-cinereous even above and below, stem stuffed
smooth. Fr. Ols. 2. p. 299. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 'J6.—Ntlv.
infujidibuliformisy Schaff. t. ''Ill . /Sow. t. 153.

On the ground, amongst grass. Kensington gardens, Oct. Sowerhy.
— " Stoii '2—3 inches high, \ an inch or more thick, round, nfariy
equal, sometimes incrassated upwards, cinereous, white within. Pdens
nearly regular, convex when young, then depressed, \\ — 2 inches
broad, even, sniooth, subfuliginous ; margin inlkxcd." Pr. I. c. A
very;donl)tful Leotia. IVoni Sowerby's fuMue 1 should judge that»the ////-
mr.nium was entirely confined to the uiulcrside of the pileus, and if ."!>,
it nuist be more nearly allied to Cant/turtUus. 1 can find no specimen
in his collection.

2. L.muia, M'ith. (dwarf Leotia) ; small, pileus lobed rugose
wliite even beneath and brown, stem stuffed cylindrical while.
Fr. Syst. Myc. r. 2. p. 28. JVt/i. v. 4. p. 290.

Amongst moss, on a shady bank. IVndarvis, Cornw. jMr. Sfu( k-
ftousr. — '* Pilius snowy white, leathery, hard, crumpled and dcHcctcJ
in various forms ; smooth ami brown underneath, about ^^^ ot an incU

186 FUNGI. IPeziza.

over. Stem white, solid, smooth, not at all wrinkled, | of a inch high,
thick as a crow-quill." Wit/i. I. c.

3. L. lubrica, Scop, {slimy Zeo^m) ; subgelatinous, pileus
tumid repand yellow olivaceous-green, stem at length hollow
equal yellow. Pers. Syn. p. 613. Myc. Eur. 1. p. 201. <. 9.
/. 4—7. Moug. ^ Nest ! n. 583. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 2. p. 29.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. b^. EL Ed. ;j. AlL—Helv. lubrica,
Scop. n. 16 19. — Helv.gelat'uiosa, Soiv. t. 70. With. v. 4. p. 298.
Purt. n. 1497.

Woods, on the moist soil and amongst leaves ; not very common —
Varying greatly in size and form. Stem at first pulpy within, some-
times squamulose, as in specimens gathered at Appin in company with
Captain Carmichael. Helvella clavata, With., is undoubtedly Spathu^
lariajiavida.

26. ViBRi'ssEA. Fr. Vibrissea.

' Receptacle capitato-pileate ; margin at first adnate, soon free ;
asci emerging from the hymenium. — Name from vibro, to
vibrate.

1. V. tnmcorwn, A. & S. (golde?i Vibrissea) ; simple, recep-
tacle orbicular, golden yellow stem round glaucous at length

dusk)^ F?'. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 31 Leotia f.ruiicorum, A. 4' S,

consp. t 3./. 2. Pers. Myc. Eur. v. \. p. 199. — Leotia Claviis,
Pers. I. c. t. 1 1./. 9. Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 781 .
« On branches and trunks of trees, lying in the water. Summer. Appin,
Captain Carmichael. Scottish Highlands, Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb.
— Receptacle 1 — 2 lines broad, barren beneath. Stem 2 lines — 1 inch
or more high. According to Fries, v/hen taken from the water and
exposed to the rays of the sun though at first smooth, it is soon covered
with white genicul^ted filaments, which start from tiie hymenium and
have an oscillating motion ,• while this takes place a strong scent of
garlic is emitted.

Tribe IV. Cupulati. Peceptacle pafelliform, margined.
Hymetiium superior^ more or less closed ivhen young and con-
cave,

27. Peziza. Dill. Peziza.

Cup more or less concave, soon expanded, the disc naked.
Asci fixed, accompanied by paraphyses (abortive asci). — Named
from Pezica, a word used by Pliny to denote some Fungus.

Series I. Aleukia, (from uXsv^ov, meal.) Fleshy or carnoso-
membranaceous, i^ruinose or Jioccow-furfuraceous from the concrete
veil.

Subgenus I. Megalopyxis (from (izyag, great, and pyxis^ a
cup). Cup open lohen yowig or connivent. Veil superficial.
Sporidia containing tivo sporidiola.

Peziza.] FUNGI. 187

1 . P. aceldbuhim, L. {sochet Peziza) ; deeply cup-shaped
dirty-brown traversed externally by branched veins given off
by tlie fistulose costato-lacnnose stem. Linn. Syst. Veg. p. 979.
Bull. t. 485. f. 4. kSoiv. t. 59. With. v. 4. ;;. 303. Fr. Si/st.
Myc. V. 2. ]). 44. — Fungoides fuscum, ^yc. Vaill. Par. t. 13. y" 1.

On the naked soil in thickets, &c., rare. Spring and early summer.
Sand-H Litton, Yorks. llev. Mr, Buflstone. King's Chffe, Norths.
Rev. M. J Berkeletj. — Cup 2 inches broad, H inch high ; externally
floccoso-furfuraceous, light-umbcr, darker uitiiin ; mouth contracted ;
firm, tongh ; flesh not very thick. Stem |- an inch high, smooth,
deeply but regularly costato-Iacunose, the ribs, which, in my specimens
though apparently full-grown arc solid, branching at the top and forming
reticulations on the outside of the cup, so as to present the appearance
of a cluster of pillars su[)porting a font or roof with fret work between
them.

2. P. reticiddta, Grev. {reticulated Peziza) ; reddisli-brown
witliin strongly plicate and reticulated, vrithout whitisli and
pruinose, margin invohito at length variously split the seg-
ments repand, stem short thick costate sometimes obsolete.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fit. 156.

On the ground ; Spring. Foxhall, Capt. Wauch. Cotterstock,
King's Clifle, Norths, licv. 31. J. Berhclei/. — Many inches broad.
Odour strong, like that of nitric acid. Dr. (irevillc observes very truly
that its affinity is not with the cochleate Pezizas, as the tendency of its
lobes is rather to fold back than to curl in. Fries supposes it to be
near to Peziza venosa, but in that species the veins arc external. The
figure by Wulfen, from which, I think, nothing can be decided, is quoted
by Withering under P. cochlcata.

8. P. bddia, Pers. (large brown Peziza) ; nearly sessile entire
flexuous brown, margin at first involute, without pruinose
paler and inclining to olive. Pers. Syn. p. 639. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 46. — Ilclr. coclileata, Bolt. t. 99.

On the ground. About Halifax, Bolton, who seems however to have
more than one species in view. — " 1 — '2 inches broad, subcaispitose,
irregular, slightly pruinose externally, villous at the base and often
lacunosc. JJisc occasionally porous ; extremely changeable in colour,
often, in the same individual, changing from rufous to a beautiful olive,
brownish, &c." Fr. I. c.

4. P. onotica, Vqy^,. (car-sliapcd Peziza); suhstipitato elon-
gated on one side ear- shaped mealy M-ithout, yellowish rose-
coloured witliin, the ba«^e of the disk at length rugose. Pers,
Syn. p. 637. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 48. Bitm. in St. Deulsch.
Fl. V. 1. t. 16.— 7^ Icporii'ia, Sow. t. 79.

In bocch-woods amongst fallen leaves : Summer and Autumn. Very
rare. Clopthill. Bcdf., i^ei'. C.Abbott. "Sorw'ich, So ice rlty. — Cuj>
li — 4 inchcii high.

5. /-*. aurdntia, Pers. (orange Peziza) ; nearly sessile
irregular obli(jue clear orange, externally wjiitish slightly pru-
inose. Pers. Syn. p. 637. Fr Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 49. O'rev,

188 FUNGI. [Peziza.^

Fl. Ed. p. 4 1 8.— -P. cocci?iea, Soiv. t. 78. Purl, v. 2 S^- 3. n. 1030.

— Ilelv, coccmea, Bolt. t. 100 P. coccinea, var. 2. With. v. 4.

p. 303.

About the stumps of felled oaks. Autumn and early winter. Com-
mon.— At first hemispherical, with a short stem ; margin almost invo-
lute ; at length split, curled and flexuous, of the clearest orange within.
Externally pale, mealy with minute sparkling granules. Sporidia
elliptic, T2V0 of an inch long, certainly containing two Sporidiola seated
at the foci of the ellipse.

* 6. P. concitma, Pers. (elegant Peziza) ; csespitose large very
brittle externally lemon- coloured at length rugulose, pallid
flesh-colour within. Pers. Myc. Eur. 1. p. 221. Fr. S?/st. Myc,

V. 2. p. 49 Helv. vesiculosa, Bolt. t. 175.

Persoon's plant is said to grow among fallen leaves : Bolton states
nothing with respect to the locality of the species figured by him.

7. P. cochledtay Bull, (ivhorled Peziza) ; sessile tufted large
twisted umber, externally pruinose. Bull. t. 134. Soio. t. 5.
With. V. 4. p. 308. Purt. v. 2 S)- 3. 7f. 1040. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 2. p. 50. — P. lunhrina, Pers. Syn. p. 6. 38. Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 419.

In woods, &c. Summer and autumn : sometimes in great abundance.
I have seen a large basketful offered for sale under the nameofiT/ore//*.
— A variety occurs smaller and of a pallid hue, but there is no account
of its having been found in this country. Hudson's P. cochleata
evidently includes many species.

8. P. repdnda, Fr. {spreading Peziza) ; large inciso-repand
/dilute brown and slightly wrinkled within, externally mealy
dirty-white, the base often plicate rooting. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 2. p. 51. Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 59. Fl. Ed. /r. 419.

On the ground and upon rotten branches and sticks in beech woods :
rare. Foxhall near Edinburgh, Messrs. Wauch and Greville. — " Pileus
when splitting never convolute." Grev. L c.

9. P. cerea, Sow. (wax-lihe Peziza) ; large infundlbuHform
repand yellowish, externally whitish as well as the villous stem-
like base. Soiv. t. 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 52.

In hot houses and on dung-hills: not common. — Very brittle.
Purton's P. cerea, found on ground upon which tan had been laid,
appears, from his quoting Bull. t. 44, with two notes of admiration, to
be P. catinus.

^ 10. P. vesiculosa, Bull, (bladder-lihe Peziza); large nearly
entire sessile, at first subglobose connivent, at length campann-
late somewhat crenate dirtv-brown, externally more or less
scurfy. Btdl. t. 457. Sow. t. 4. With. v. 4. p. 310. Purt,
V. 2 Sf 3. 71. 1038. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 2. p. 52. Grev, Fl, Ed,
p. 419. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 107.

On dung-hills, thatch, &c. Spring and autumn ; common. — The hy-
menium is generally separable from the substance of the cup. Sporidia

Peziza.] FUNGI. 189

elliptic, y^uo of an inch long, certainly simple as represented by Dr.
Greville.

Subgenus 2. Geopyxis (from yv}, earth and pi/xis, a ciip).
Cup at first closed. Veil innate. Sporidia si?7ipl€.*

11. P. mdcropus, Pers. (long-stemmed Peziza); cup hemi-
splierical cinereous clothed with little hairy or villous warts,
disc mouse-coloured turninj^ pale, stem very long attenuated.
Pers. Si/n. p. 615. Fr. Syst. ISIyc. v. 2. p. 37. Grev. Sc.
Crypt. JFl. t. 70. Fl. Ed. p. 419.— 7^. stipitata, Huds. p. 636.
Sow. ! t. 39. With. v. ^.p. 303. — Helv. hispida (Jiemispherica') ^
Bolt. t. 96. — Helv. fidiginosa, var. 2. campanidata, Purt. v. 3.
p. '257. —P. suhlicia, Holmsk. 2. t. 11. — Ilelv. suhlicia, 2. t. 27.

On the bare ground or amongst leaves ; summer and autumn. Not
common. — Varying greatly in Uie degree of pubescence, occasionally
the border of the pilcus is reilexed, as in Sowerby's figure and that of
Holmskiold, ^ 27, and there is then no small degree of resemblance to
Ildvella elastica. 1 have met \\\i\\ a variety occurring abimdantly with
the stem not above 1 inch high.

12. P. tuherosu, Bull, (tuberous Peziza) ; thin cup infundi-
biiliform bright brown at length pallid, stem elongated spring-
ing from a shapeless black tuber. BulL t. 485. f. 3. Dicks. 2.
p. 25. With. V. 4. p. 303. Sow J t. (i3. 3loug. Sf Nest. n.
397. Purt.v. 3. w. 1591.

Woods. Spring : not uncommon. — Stem running deep into the
earth, 1 — 3 inches high. The root was supposed by Hedwig to be a
dried Anonone root, but it is most certainly as Dickson and Sowerby
long ago noticed, of a fungous nature, and probably Sckrotiinn ffouj-
orum, /3. lacunosum.

13. P.rdpidujH, Bull, (radish Peziza); thin yellowish brown,
cup infundibuliform nearly smooth, stem twisted, root elon-
gated fibriUose. Pull. t. 485./. 2. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p, 59.
— P. rupula, Pers. Syn. p. 658. — P. radicata, Ilolmsh. 2. t. 9.
Dichs. \.p.2\. With. V. 4. p. 304.

Woods. Oct. Very rare.— Observed hitherto only by Dickson.

14. P. a/puldris, L. (scolloped Peziza) ; nearly sessile thin
globoso-canipanulate fawn-coloured or pallid, externally mealy,
margin crenate. Linn. Succ. n. 127S. Huds. p. 6S5. With.
V. 4. p. 304. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 62. — P. cre?iata, Pull. t.
396. /. S.—Funyoidcs yhnidis, S^c. Vail. Par. t. 1 1./. 3.

On the ground in woods, especially where the soil has been burnt ;
very rare. Shrubbery, in mossy turf, Kilgbaston, Wd/inim/. — Ihc
plant observed in a hothouse by the editor cf the 7th edition is evidently
only a state of P. vesiculosa. Strut ^ of an inch high, ^ thick, some-
times obsolete, nieus palc-buHT. thin, transparent, scoHoped at the
edge, sha[)ed like the cup of an acorn, about 1 inch in diameter." If i(h.
/. c.

• III r. mncrnpus tlic s;;or/t/«:r arc r«'presrnt»'(l liy Dr. Grt>ille ns contiiiii-
iiig one sj)oridioluin.

ISO* FUNGI. [Peziza.

15. P. argilldcea^ Sow. {modelling -clay Peziza) ; rather fleshy
sessile yellowish even, at first depresso-globose, at length split
and torn furnished at the base with rooting hairs. Sow. t. 148.
Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 06.

On common black modelling-clay. " Pileus 2 lines broad, held to
the clay by very fine attenuated cobweb-like fibres from the sides, as it
were to assist the little knobby root." Soiv. I. c. Nothing is said as to
the nature of its surface ; consequently its real affinities are doubtful.

16. P. granuldta, Bull, {granulated dung Peziza); sessile
minute nearly plane orange red, externally rough with warty
grannies. Bull t. 438. /. 8. Fr. Syst, Myc. v. 2. p. 67 —
P.fulva, Huds. p. 63G. With. Ed. 2.— P. scutellata, var. 2.
With. V. A. p. 310. (in part). Purt. n. 1036. — Peziza lenticu-
laris, &c. Raii Syn.p. 18. 6. — Fungoides scutellaiaf 8^c. Vaill.
Par. t. 13./. 14.

On dung of swine, cows, &c. Summer and autumn : everywhere.
— Gregarious, at first globose, at length flat ; orifice crenate, varying
somewhat in colour, but generally of a clear orange-red, externally granu-
lated from theprojection of the cellular tissue, furfuraceous. Asci clavate,
obtuse. Sporidia broadly elliptic ; the granular mass of the same shape,
with an evident pellucid border. Apophyses orange-red, their apices
capitate, like those of Octospora hirta, Hedio. Ad. v. 2. t. 3. B.

Subgenus 3. Humaria (from humus, ground.) Veil thin,
confined principally to the margin^Jlocculose, fugacious. Sporidia
with a single sporidiolum.

17. P. riitilansy Fr. {splendid Peziza) ; nearly sessile middle-
sized at first campanulate, then expanded, externally finely
pubescent pallid, disc orange-red. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 68.
—5. alpestris, minute tawny nearly naked.

On the ground, amongst moss, ^. Highlands of Scotland. Klotzsch,
in Hook. Herb. — Cup ^ of an inch broad. The plant of Ray, to
which Fries refers, is most probably P. aurantia.

18. P. melaloma, A. & S. {black-edged Peziza); sessile,
densely gregarious, at first concave then nearly plane dirty
orange, margin beset with most minute black hairs. Alb. S^-
Schiv. Cons. t. 2./. 5. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 68.

On the ground in a fir plantation, Cambridge ; Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
— The usual habitat of this species is cliarcoal grounds : but my speci-
mens answer so exactly to the character, in all essential points, that I
do not hesitate to consider them the same.

19. P. araneosa, Bull, {spider -iceb Peziza) ; cup expanded
repand orange-scarlet on both sides, clothed beneath with in-
tricate fibrillte, stem short firm. Bull. t. 280. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 69. — /3. salicina ; tawny, margin swollen inflexed,
externally subfloccose. P. araneosa? Soiv. t. 369./ 5.

Var. (i. in damp places on old stumps of willows. Sowerby. — Such
is the view of M. Fries from an inspection of the figure only ; the ori.

Peziza.] r u N G 1 . 191

ginal specimens now before me resemble so much P. holaris that I am
almost convinced of tlieir identity with that species. For the present,
however, I prefer resting upon the authority of M. Fries.

20. P. leucoloma, Hedw. {ivhitc-borcJered Peziza) ; sessile
scattered concave then plane, margin minutely jagged Avhite.
Fr. SijsL Myc. v. 2. p. 71. — Oclospora hucoloma^ Hedw. Ad.
V. 2. t, 4./. A.

On wall-tops, amongst Gi/innostomum ovaiam, IVeissia lanceolata,
&c. Common. Appin, Captain Cannic/iael*

21. P. /litmosa, Fr. {ground Peziza) ; sessile, flesliy, plano-
concave smooth blood-red margin quite entire. Fr. Obs. Myc.
2. p. 308. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 71. — Helv. cartilaginea, Bolt. t.
101./ 1. With. V. 4. p. 29S. P. cartilaginea, Sow. i, 3(i9. /.
2.— P. pimicea, With. v. 4. p. 310. Part. n. 1500. t. 25.

On the ground amongst Folytricha, kc. Probably not uncommon.
Amongst Poh/lrichiim pdiferum. Blackheath, Rev. M. J. Berkehij.
— Cup nearly \ an inch broad, at first round, even, disciform, at length
somewhat lobed and crisped, thick and fleshy, a vertical section being
obconic, the margin pale, but not involute ; dine of a full orange ; ex-
ternally paler, very minutely pulverulent. Asci obtuse ; sporidia
elliptic, with one large or two small sporidiula. Apophyses equal,
orange. ]My plant exactly agrees with Bolton's, which is referred by
Fries to P. humosa, though, as he observes, the colour is somewhat
different, not blood-red or verging decidedly to red. Purton's figure
however, represents the plant of a dull blood-red. \yere it not that
the veil is only very uiinutcly pidverulent, not at all pubescent, and the
cup disciform, not campanulate, I should at once have considered it as
a variety of P. rulilaiis, bordering closely on S. alpestris.

Subgenus 4. Enc(elia (from iy-KoO.o;, hollow inwardly.) Veil
univer sal y f II fjacious, furfur aceotis ; citp very holloiv, siihcoriaceous.

22. P. fiscicularis, A. t^ S. (crisped Peziza) ; ctespitose
sessile between coriaceous a!id membranaceous shapeless rug-
ged, at length nearly black, externally somewhat mealy. A,
Sf S\ Cons. t. 12. /: 2. Fr. St/st. Mi/c. v. 2. p. 75. P.'crispa,
Sow. I t. 425. f. i, 2. Part, f v. 2 .)■ 3. n. 1051. /. 7. P. po^
pylttea, Pi7s. Syn. p. 67 1.

On the aspen, ash, &c., conmion : Piirtnn. King's Cliffe, Norths.,
on Thclcphora cumcd'.ns ; Rtv. M. J. Berhthy. — Cup 2 — 4- lines
broad. Generally in tuf:s resend)ling in ft>rin the convolutions of the
human brain, but sometimes hcattcred and solitary, growing upon the
bark, not upon the wood, beneath the epidcrnii.s. Sluch resembling
some Ccnainjia.

* Ah the plant I havo in virw iuys«'lf ns rninTnon diirprssonipwlint liotli fi-om
tlic (h'.sciipiioii and spccinM-ns lr«in> Si liwrinitz, I Milijoin tin- IoIIdu ini,' ilf-
M-ilplion. .M.Mtlutrly s.s«>ili>. Ciij, (l;it, not <<.ncavt' rvi ii al liist, I — IJ line
liroa)!, niinulrly tnrCin Jir»'<ins, rostMulilini^ cxaclly in cniiMir P. itunintni. palt-r
rxh rnally ; tht- •••lye rayjjfd, I'orniinn a w liih- ImrtUT to llip <»rnnu«' sliifi<l-likp
cup. Ui/nm.iitm nnilcr a ii-ns roiii;li and uliltci in;; with llif pmjci ting «ditu«.e
iisii. S/ niiiliit «-iliplic, cdntainin^ a vinj.],. Mil. globose JSfvtiUiuiuin cxuclly
oa in lietlwig's ligure; fximp/ii/ses nearly rqual.

192 FUNGI. [Peziza,

23. P.furfurdcea, Roth, {branny Peziza) ; sessile, of a fleshy-
coriaceous consistence, externally pallid furfuraceous, margin
entire involute, disc cinnamon-black. Roth. Cat, Bot. 2. p. 257.
/. 9. /. 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 76. Scler, Siiec. ! n. 457.
Pers. Syn. p. 672.

On twigs of hasel, maple, &c. Glapthorn, Norths. Rev. M. J.
Berkeley. — Varying; greatly in size. My specimens belong to the
smaller variety, which is about 1^ line broad, but in the larger state the
hymenium is sometimes ^ an inch broad.

Series 2. Lachnea (from y.ayjjri^ down). Waxy, rarely
fleshy, externally hairy or villous from the persistent distinct veil.
Cup closed when young.

Subgenus 5. Sarcoscypha (from cctcj, flesh, and dKv^o;, a
cup). Fleshy or carnoso-membranaceous. Crust ?i07ie,

24. P. coccinea, Jacq. (carmine Peziza) ; cup infundibuliform,
externally as well as the stem whitish tomentose with short
adpressed down, disc carmine. Bolt. t. 104. With. v. 4. p. 305.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 79. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 421. Sc. Crypt.
Fit 171. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 152.— P. epidendra, Sow.t.
13 (marked 12.). Purt. v. 2 c^- 3. n. 1035.

On sticks, often penetrating through the soil in woods. Sec. Spring.
Not uncommon. — Cup 1 inch or more broad, deep carmine within.
Stem h—\ inch high. This and the two next species are allied to P.
macropas, but are placed here on account of their distinct veil.

25. P. meldstoma, Sow. (black and red Peziza) ; cup fleshy,
sprinkled externally with a brick-red bloom, disc urceolate
black, stem rooting by means of thick black strigose down.
Soiv. ! t. 149. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 80.— P. rhizopus, A. ^'
S. t. 1./. 4.— P. atro-rufa, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 315.

On branches of Calluna vuhjaris, &c., lying on the ground. Autumn
and spring. Hexham, Mr. Francis Scott. Auchindenny wood, near
Edinburgh, Dr. Bainhridcje. — A comparison of Sowerby's specimens,
one of which consists of a close tuft of seven individuals, with some
from Mougeot in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium, and of the figures of
Sowerby, A^lb. and Schw., and Greville, together with the whole ac-
count given by Fries, has convinced me that they all intend one and
the same species, the striking characteristic of which is the brick-red
bloom, very visible in Sowerby's specimens, though noticed neither in
the plate nor description. The species evidently varies greatly as to
degree of pubescence, being sometimes almost naked, sometimes beset
with down or even bristly hairs ; the base, however, is always furnished
•with long, black, rooting, strigose filaments.

2Q. P. radiculdta, Sow. (rooting white and yellow Peziza) ;
somewhat tufted fleshy sessile at first hemispherical then ex-
.panded, disc sulphur-yellow, externally as well as the thick
root white villous. Sow. ! t. 114. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 81.
— P. Sowerbea, Pers. Myc. Ear. 1. p. 232.

On litter, and earth in a garden, rooted up to the cup. Wanstead.

Peziza.] FUNGI. 193

Oct. — Somewhat reticulated externall}', with irreguhir prominent veins ;
1 inch or more broad. The plant of Ray, which Sowerby supposes
may be the same, is clearly something of a very ditfercnt nature.

27. P. hemispherical Wigg". (hemispherical Peziza) ; sessile
hemispherical waxy externally brownish, clothed with dense
fasciculate hairs, disc white with a glaucous tinge. Pers. Syn.
p. 647. Fr. Syst, Myc, v. 2. p. 82. — P. languinosa. Bull, t,
39G./. 2. Part. v. 2. n. 1042.— P. hispida, With. v. 4. p. 311.
Sotv. t. 148. Purt. V. 2. w. 1043. v. 3. p. 462.— P. Labellum,
Bull. t. 204.— P. hirsuta, Holmsk. 2. t. Id.—Ehella alOida,
Schteff: t. iol.

On the bare earth, in woods, Sec, especially on a clay soil. Not
uncommon. — Cup 2 lines — 1 inch broad, varying much in colour. Sjw-
ridia re{)resented by Hcdiviy. Ad. v. 2. t. 4. B.y as containing two
sporidiola. Two of llolmskiold's figures represent the orifice of the
cup as closed more or less with a thin bluish-white membrane. P.
minutUy Dicks., quoted by Purton, seems to differ altogether.

28. P. brufuiea, A. & S. (hrowji hemispherical Peziza) ; ses-
sile hemisplierico-depressed somewliat flexuous brown hairy
externally with short fasciculate hairs. Alb. Schw. Consp. t. 9.

/. 8. Fr. SysL Myc. v. 2. p. 83. EL v. 2. p. 8. Cord, in St.
Deutsch. Fl. v. 2. t. 28. ?—P. hybrida, Sow. t. 369./. i.

On the ground. Lambeth, Sowerby. — ** Smaller than the foregoing,
1 — 'd lines broad, often flexuous by reason of its dense mode of growth,
when young subglobose, but soon more expanded and depressed ; hairs
less distinct, scarcely ciliating." Fr. I. c. The plant of Sowerby appears
much more properly referred to this species than to P. Jtirtn.

29. P. vitf'llina, Pers. (eyy-yelloio Peziza) ; somewhat tnftod
rather large flexuous bright yellow, margin beset with bristles.
Pers. Myc. Eur. 1. jj. 257. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 84.

On the ground. Autumn. Appin, iUipt. Carmichacl. — No speci-
mens appear to have been preserved, but 1 have a distinct rccolIectio:i
of Captain Carmichacl finding this species in company with myself and
the Kcv. K. T. Lowe.

30. P. scutelldta, L. (shiehl-lihe Peziza) ; flat vi'rinilion-rod,
paler externally, hispid towards the margin witli black straight
hairs. L. Succ. p. 458. Sow. t. 24. Bull. t. 10. !r<M. v. 4.
/>. 310 (m 2yart). Purt. v. 2 cV 3. n. 1036. (exc. syn.) Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 85. Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 420 (in part). Johust.
Fl. Berw. (in j)art).

Rotten wooil, mill-wheels, is:c. Not uncommon. — Often confounded
with P.stcrcurca. \j\v\ct Pczizascullcatti, Withering inchuks I'.yrdnu-
Idta, /cncoloma, stcrcon (I, ^yc. Possibly both Dr. .lohnstonc and Dr.
(ireville have met witli 2\ nmbrosa, as they evidently include sonic
very nearly allied species growing on the bare soil. Ci/p :i lines broad.

31. P. ctrntlea, Holt. (Hue Peziza) ; plane ciliated black and
amoutli externally, hairs soft pallid, disc bright blue. Bvlt. t,

o

194 FUNGI. [Peziza.

108. / 2. Pers Myc, Eur, 1. p. 257. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p, 86.

On putrid wood, in moist places under fir-trees : very rare. Burk's
Hall near Halifax. Oct. Bolton. — About 2 lines broad.

32. P. stercorea, Pers. {dull-scarlet dung Peziza) ; gregarious
concave dingy scarlet beset near the margin with brown hairs,
orifice ciliated. Pers. Myc. Eur. 1. p. 246. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc,
V. 2. p. 87. ~P. scufellata, Bolt. t. 108. /. 1. Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 420 (in part). Johnst. FL Bene, (in part). — P. ciliata, Bull,
t. 438./. 2.— P. equina, Soiv. t. 352.

On cow-dung, &c., extremely common. — ParapJujses simple, not
capitate as in P. granulata^ which frequently accompanies it. Sttcs
jointed. Yellowish or greenish in decay ; 1 — 2 lines broad.

33. P. albo-spadicea, Grev. (ivhite and brown Peziza) ; " ses-
sile gregarious globose at length quite plane, external surface
and margin strigosewith reddish-brown hairs, by menium white."
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 420.

"On the bare soil, in moist woods, autumn. Foxhall near Edin-
burgh, 3Iessrs. Wauch (§' Greville. — A fine species, about 2 lines broad
globose when young, gradually becoming plane. Hymeniura white,
smooth, with a slight tinge of grey in moist weather. Externally cov-
ered with reddish brown hairs, which form also a border to the hy-
menium." Grev. I. c. Nearly allied apparently to P. livida, Fr. (P.
scutellata, BatscJi. Cant. \.f. 154.)

34. P. erecta, Sow. (cylindrical Peziza) ; sessile densely gre-
garious subcylindrical varying from deep-red to yellow more
or less pubescent and ciliated. Sow. t. 369./. 10, 11. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 69. — P. variabilis, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. 1.
p. 248.

*' On very wet moss in damp places. — Cap 2 lines high, oblong and
upright, but sometimes short and clumsy, often spreading ; sometimes
destitute of hairs, sometimes ciliated, sometimes furnished with both
hairs and ciliae ; varying from deep red to greenish yellow and pale
yellow." Sow. I. c. This species is placed by Fries in the series
Aleuria and subgenus Hmnaria ; but its affinity seems to be much
nearer to the species of the present subgenus, if indeed it be not a
form of P. theleboloides, A. & S. The smooth state on moss may
possibly be P. axillaris. UnfortuiTately no specimens appear to
have been preserved.

Subgenus 6. Dasyscypha (from haavc, villous, and ax-jcpog,
a cup). Cup ivaxy, dry, villous. Crust none.

S5. P. virginea, Batsch, (virgin-tvhite Peziza^ ; stipitate
pure white, cup hemispherical clothed externally with thick-set
patent hairs. Batsch. El. p. 125. Bolmsk. 2. t. 14. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 90. Grev. FL Ed. p. 421. — P. nivea, Sow. t. 65.
With. v. 4. p. 302. Purt. v. 2 S^ 3. n. 1029.—P. lacteay BidL
t. 376./ 3.

In the hollow of rotten stumps, sticks, mast leaves, &c. Abundant

Peziza.] FUNGI. 195

everywhere. — Gregarious. Cup 1 line high, externally pilose, the
margin ciliated and often studded with dew-drops.

36. P. 7iivea, Hedvv. fil. {snowy Peziza); stipitate pure white,
cup top-shaped, externally villoso-tomentose. Ft. Sijst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 90 — P. clandestina, Bull. t. 41G./ 5.

Sticks, &c. Probably not uncommon. Apethorpe, Norths., Bev.
M. J. Berkeley. — " Differs from the foregoing in the nature of the
down ; stem less distinct, incrassated upwards, villous ; cup less ex-
panded." Fr. I. c.

37. P. calychia. Schum. (ir/iUe and orunge Peziza) ; stipi-
tate bursting- fortli infundibulif'orni, externally clothed with
whitish wool, disc flattish more or less orange. Schum, Siell.
p. 424, Fr. Syst. JSlyc. v. 2. p. 91. — P. calyciformis, BulscJt.

Cont, l.f. 135 — Oct. calycifoimis. Hedw. Ad. t.22.B. Wifli.
V. 4. p. 'S03.—P.pulchella, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 421. Fr. Sclcr.
Sued n. 45G. — /3. ahietis ; wlien fresh of a golden egg-yellow,
stem blackish at the base. P. cry sopth alma, Pers. Myc. Eur.
V. 1. p. 259 — P. pulchella, [3. Jlavo-coccinea, A. ^- S. p. 323.
Pers. 3Iyc. Ear. v. 1. ;;. 2G0.— y. Laricis. Chaill. Fr. El. 2.
p. Q,-^P. pulchella, Jolinst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 149.

a. On the bark of fallen Scotch firs. Scotland, Capt. Carmichael.
Kloizsch in Ilooh Herb. — /3. Appin, Cupt. Cartnichucl.— y. on fallen
larch boughs. Abundant everywhere in Scotland. — Cup 1 — 2 lines broad
varying greatly in colour and in the length of the stem, often fascicu-
late. The specimens referred to var. fi. are sul|)hur-coloured, densely
villous, subpulverulent ; the disc also appears to have been yellow. P.
biculor. Sow.! t. 3G9, /. 7., is, I have no doubt, on an inspection of
specimens, a state of this species with the disc more hollow than usual.
At any rate, it is not P. Asjuyrcnii, Fr., as it belongs clearly to the
present subgenus.

38. P. hicolor, Bull, (itvo-colourcd Peziza) ; nearly sessile
globose tomentose white, disc inclining to orange. Bull. t.
410./ 3. Soio.! t 17. Part.! v. 2. n. 1050.

On fallen branches, especially of oak. Sowerby. — Purton's plant
appears perfectly identical with Sowerby's. It is, liowevcr, considered
by Klotzsch as the variety of 1*. vinjinca, with a coloured disc. -

39. P. cerijica, Pers. {wax-coloured Peziza) : liemisphcrlcal
furfuraceo-villous yellowisii-olive, disc concave yellow. J^irs.
Sy/i. p. G51. Mouy. tV Nist. ixa. n. 0S7. Fr. Syst. J/yc. v. 2.

p. 92. Grev. I F'L Ed. p. 422. — A. hydnotidea, Jvlmbt. .' J I.
Benv. V. 2. p. 150.

On wood, especially on the cut surface of stumps. Common. —
Scattered or gregarious. ('uj> closed when dry, clothed with yellow
branny pubescence. StoH hhort or obsolete. I'm ton's ]'. cerinca,
is, according to s[)ec!njens in ]3r. Hooker's llcrbariuu), P. (luomidn.

40. P. clundestina. Bull, {brownish Peziza) ; slipitato top-

sha])ed fawn-coloured, externally furfuraceo-villous, disc pallid.

196 FUNGI. [Peziza.

Ft. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 94. Bub. Bot. Gall. 2. 746. Johnst,
Fl.Berw. v. 2. p. 130.

On decayed and decorticated branches of a willow, in Longridge
Dean ; Johnstone. Kensington gardens on grass, Feb. Sowerby. —
I have gathered a form of the same species on grass, with the stem
black at the base.

41. P. albovioldscens, A. & S. (proliferous Peziza) ; nearly-
sessile depressed firm clothed with villous hairs generally closed,
disc pallid. A. S^^ S. t. 8. f. 4. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 96.
Joh?isL Fl. Bene. v. 2. p. 149 — P.fallax, Pers. Myc. Eur, 1.
p. 266.

On branches of trees, rotten wood, &c. Near Berwick, on Furze,
Br. Johnston. Northamptonshire, Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Remark-
able for the deep-black flesh beneath the generally proliferous hymenium;
occasionally when the villosity has vanished, the C7ip is also black ex-
ternally. Wallroth has observed the asci erumpent, which confirms
the notion of its not being a true Peziza, and brings it within the genus
Patellaria ; but repeated observations only can justify the removal.
Besides the state figured by Alb. §^ Schiv., 1 have met with what I
consider a form of this species, not above half the size, and the flesh
not so decidedly black, on branches of lilac, vine, &c., and even on the
stein of an Aster, answering exactly to P. fallax, Pers., to which
specimens gathered at Appin were referred by Captain Carmichael.
This is marked in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium by Klotzsch, P. nivea, but
it is quite sessile and the villosity quite of a different nature, not to
mention* the discoloured hyrnenium. This generally springs from some
Bidymosporium or other minute subcortical fungus.

42. P. inelaxthithay Fr. (black and yellow Peziza) ; sessile
minute, externally farinaceo-villous greyish-yellow, disc rather
concave black. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 97.

On fallen decorticated branches of beech. Appin, Capt. Carmichael.
— Gregarious; very minute. At first globose, greyish-yellow, at length
quite flat ; border sometimes flexuous in crowded specimens. A very
elegant species.

43. P. hispidifla, Schrad. (mhiute black hispid Peziza) ; ses-
sile subcarnose slightly hispid black, disc concave dirty-white.
ScJ&ad. Journ. Bot. 1779. 2. p. 64. (fide Fr.) Fr. Syst. Myc. v.
.2. p. 98.

On wood. Appin, Capt. Carmichael. — ^^ Cup subcarnose, 1 — l.J
line broad, beset with black shining hairs." Fr. I. c.

44. P. Schumacheri, Fr. (Schumachers Peziza) ; sessile small
hemispherical tomentose brown, disc nearly plane brown-pur-
ple. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 98. El. 2. p. 9 — P.fusca, Schum.

ScbU. p. 434 b. disc lead-coloured. P. ccerulescens, Schum, I,

c.—P. plumbea, Grev, Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. W. Johnst. ! Fl. Beriu,
p. 150. — P, Schumacheri, /S. ccerulesceyis, Fl. Ban, t. 1786. 1.

On wood, chips, &c. b. Common in England and Scotland :— .Often
CYiuch resembling P. cinerea.

Peziza.] FUNGI. 197

45. P. rufo-ollivdcea, A.& S. (hroivn and olive Peziza); ses-
sile plane externally villoso-pulverulent of a dirty rufous in-
clining to ferruginous, disc greenisli-olive at length black. A,
c3- S. t. XI. f. 4. Fr. St/St. Jlyc. v. 2. p, 99. Mart. Erl,
•p. 464.

On dead branches of bramble, rare. Appin, Capt. CarmichacL
— Martins has found it on Viburnum j^nd Riles.

46. P. rhaharbarina, Berk, (^minute Rose Peziza) ; minute
sessile disseminated plane or slightly convex ochraceo-ferru-
ginous, externally clothed with tawny mealy pubescence, flesh
bright rhubarb-coloured.

On dry but not fallen branches of roses, in woods. Frequent in
Northamptonshire. — The whole brancii is sprinkled with minute scat-
tered dots, resembling the shield of a Lichen, fixed by a single point
into the bark, so that where they have been rubbed ofPa little hole is
seen in the bark with raised edges, filled with the bright rhubarb-colour-
ed flesh of the base of the cup which can scarcely be called a stem.
The disc is darker when dry and quite flat with a very narrow border,
but when moistened it often becomes convex and is then of an ochra-
ceous hue, bordering on ferruginous. yl,scf clavate. »S/)(ynW/a oblong.
I have in vain searched for any record of this species, though it is so
common that I can hardly persuade myself that it is undescribed.

47. P. variecolor, Fr. (various coloured Peziza) ; sessile
hemispherical orbicular rather firm flocculoso-villous, disc white
at length pallid. Fr, St/st. JIt/c, v. 2. p. 100. — P. sidphurea,
Pers. Ic. et. Descr. p. 31. t. 8. f. 5, 6. — P. hydnocidea^ Sow.
t. 178.

On rotten wood. Sowerby. — "^Gregarious, sessile but not adnate ;
when young or dry, closed, granuliform ; when moistened, soon ex-
panded ; disc concave, of a peculiar pallid hue ; margin often granu-
lated with ^occ?." Fr. I. c.

48. P. episphceria^ Mart, (parasitic Peziza) ; sessile piano
Avhito, externally beset with long hairs like ciliie, disc dilute
yellow. 3Iart. Erl. p. 405. Fr. St/st. Mijc. v. 2. p. 100.

On SpJiccria jnidtifutniis and unduhita. Appin, Cajjt. Carinichucl.

49. P.' pineti, Batsch, (while and brown fir-cone Peziza);
sessile adnate nearly plane firm subvillous whitish-brown, disc
white with a pallid tinge. Patsch, Cont. 1. f. 140. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 101. Rtlh. Cant. p. 557. With. v. 4. p. 309.

On fir-cones. Autumn. Maddinglcy Plantations, RiUnui.

50. P. papi/idris, Bull, (papillose Peziza) ; sessile concave
clothed with hairy down milk-white, margin granulated. Pull,
t. 467./. 1. Sow. ! t. 177. Fr. Syst, Slyc. v. ± p. 102.

On wood, Soircrby. — " (ircgnriou*;, thickset, not ndnatc, waxy,
rather firm, scarce 1 line broad, regular, margin ciitirc, denticulated ;
closed when dry, granuliforn), persistent, so slightly tinged v.\ih yellow
timt it can fccarcely be called straw-coloured." ir. /. c.

193 FUNGI. [Peziza,

51. P. hyalina, Pers. (transparent Peziza) ; sessile puncti-
form subglobose, when moist pellucid, externally slightly pilose.
Pers. Syn. p. 655. Fr. Sf/st. 3Iijc. v. 2. p. 132.

On stumps, especially on the inside of the bark. Winter. Very
common in Northamptonshire, Rev. M J. Berkeley — Gregarious, ex-
tremely minute, very thin, soft, often irregular, white at length turning
yellowish in patches. When dry it resembles minute grains of white
sand scattered over the brown bark.

52. P. sulphur ea, Pers. (sulphur-coloured PezizaJ; sessile
subglobose strigoso-tomentose sulphur-coloured, disc pallid.
Pers. disp.p. 33. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 104. Scler. Sued
n. 453. Grev. So. Crypt. FL t. 83. Fl. Ed. p. 420.— P. hyd-
Qioeidea, Purt. v. 2 4- 3. n. 1049.

On stems of herbaceous plants, especially nettle. Spring. Common.
— Often brown when dry.

53. P. plano-umhilicdta, Grev. (ivhite wnhilicated Peziza) ;
small sessile gregarious, wliole plant white globoso-concave at
length quite plane ciliated with horizontal white hairs at the
margin, hymeniuni gently unibilicated. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 420.

On the decayed stems of Urtica dioica. Summer and autumn.
Capt. Waiich.—Oi the same size as the preceding, wholly white, re-
markably plane with a small dimple in the centre of the hymeniurn,
which in old age assumes a yellowish tinge. The external surface is
covered with white hairs which form a beautiful ciliated margin, not
in the least raised. The margin is so regular, that, if there had been
fewer ciliae, it might have been called pectinate." Grev. I. c.

54. P. villosa, Pers. (villous gramdiforni Peziza); sessile
minute persistent globose villous white orifice subconnivent.
Pers. Syn, p. 655. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 104 — P. granuli-
formis, Pers. Syn. p. 651. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 421. Johnst. FL
Berw. V. 2. p. 140.— P. sessilis, Sow. t. 389. / 1. Purt. v. 2 4-
3. 71. 1048.

On twigs, stems of herbaceous plants, &c. Common.— Open only
in wet weather ; C2ij)s 5 — ^ a line broad scattered or much crowded.

55. P. Grevillii, Berk. (Dr. Grevilles Peziza) ; sessile gre-
garious very minute, cups farinoso-subtomentose (subhirsute,
Grev.) pale umber. P. nidulas, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 420. Johnst.
Fl. Berw. v. 2. p. 149.

On the stems of larger herbaceous plants. Autumn. Near Edin-
burgh, Dr. Greville. Near Berwick on the cow-parsnip, Dr. Johnstone.
— Dr. Greville's plant is certainly, from a comparison of authentic
specimens with those published by Mougeot and Nestler, not the plant
of those authors, as Dr. Johnston rightly suspected. It differs in
colour, in the nature of the external coat, and above all in its being
nearly free, while that is almost immersed. It appears to approach
near to P. micacea, Pers., but is of a firmer consistence, insomuch
that Dr. Greville describes it as coriaceous. Several species undoubt-
edly belonging to this subgenus, collected by Captain Carmichael, appear

Peziza.

ruNGi. 199

in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium, probably quite new, but it is not advis-
able to publish new species o^ Peziza from dried specimens only.

Subgenus 7. Tapesia (from ra'xri^ a carpet). Cups ivaxij
or coriaceous, seated upon a svhtomentose crust.

56. P. anomalttj Pers. {anomalous Peziza); more or less
stipitate densely compacted incrusting, cups turbinate villous
fawn-coloured, disc urceolate dirty-white. Pers. ! Sj/n. p. 656.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 106.— P.' rugosa, Sow. ! t. 369. /. 3.— .
Trichia faginea, Johnst. Fl. Bertv. v. 2. p. \9\.—P. barbata,
Klotzsch in Hook. Herb P. cerinea, Purt. 3ISS.

On fallen trunks, branches, &c., both on the bark and wood, some-
times covering a whole tree in patches. — Suhiculum often obsolete.
Cups more or less crisped when dry. The first appearance is not at
all that of a Peziza, but rather of a resupinate Po/i/poriis, the struc-
ture of which it and its allied species most admirably illustrate. I ani
enabled to determine Dr. Johnstone's plant cited above by the help of
an authentic specimen marked " Trichia fallax ?"

57. P. aurelia, IVIoug. {woolly Peziza); sessile subventri-
cose golden-yellow, subiculum thin paler. Pers. Myc. Eur, t\
1 . ;:>.^270. 'lUoug. S)- Nest. exs. n. 783. Grev. Syti. Spec. p. 28.
—P. Wauchii, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 139.

On the bare ground, on leaves, mast, &c. Rare. Foxhall, near
Edinburgh. Capt. Wauch.—Cup 1—2 lines broad, woolly. SubiculuiR
radiating. A most beautiful species.

58. P. doniestica, Sow. {plaister Peziza) ; sessile gregarious
obovate villous salmon-coloured, subiculum tliin white. Sow. !
#.351. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 107.

On newly plastered ceilings and walls which admit the rain. — " It
first clothes the places that have been wetted with a fine cottony or
membranaceous film nearly as white as the plaster, which is in a short
time partly covered with salmon-coloured knobs. These at length torni
a kind of upright Pc-/c//, externally villous." >S't>//-. /. c. The dried
specimens do not retain any of their villosity, which, consequently,
though represented as erect must be extremely delicate. I have thought
proper, therefore, to retain it, for the present, in the i)lace originally
as.signed by Fries, notwithstanding the fresh observations in the Flt'ii-
c/ius as to its identity with P. diversicolor.

59. P. cccsia, Pers. (blue-eyed Peziza) ; sessile depressed
villous dirty-white, the base immersed in a subiculuju of long:
interwoven hairs, disc sul)golatiuous bluish. Pers. Sy/i. p. 657.

Ditm. in St. Deutscfi. Fl. f. :i\. Fr. Sy.st. Myc. v. 2. p. 108

P. lichenoides, Pers. Ic. et Descr. t. 8. /*. 1, 2. Purt. ! MSS.

On fallen oak-branches. Kare. Appin, Captain Carmic/iatl, It
has been found in England by Jlr. Baxter.

00. P. errdficn, Vv, (brnwn-cyvd Peziza) ; sessile granuli-
form villous white, surrounded at the base with long I.ik hairs,
disc wax like black. 7'V. Syst. Myc. v. '2. p. 108.

On Beech chips. Feb. Apelhor[»e, Norths. Mtv. M. J. JJer/iclry.

200 FUNGI. [Peziza.

— Spreading for two or three inches over beach chips. Cups i of a
line broad, sometimes irregular proliferous, moderately close depressed,
sessile, but occasionally elongated at the base, villous, border white sub-
connivent, beneath pale dirty-yellow, at length moderately expanded ;
disc brown black not at all blue ; Jnjmenium very thin, much paler than
the black flesh ; suhiculum loosely interwoven at first dirty-white, then
in patches pale yellow, the border of the cups however is permanently
snow-white. Asci short, obtuse, thick. When dry the younger indi«
viduals have much the appearance of SplicBria ovina.

61. P. B6s(B, Pers. {rose-hranch Peziza); sessile subcoria-
ceous concave subtomentose, bright- brown as well as the to-
mentose subiculum. Ptrs. Ob. 2. />. 82. Fr, Sijst. Myc. v. 2.

21. 109. Sder. Suec. ! n. 252 Myrothecium hispidumy Tod.

Meek. 1./. 41.

On dry branches of Jiosa canina. Appin, Captain Carmicliael —
Forming small roundish patches on the branches, sometimes surrounding
them.

62. P.fusca, Pers. (broicn crowded Peziza) ; sessile cups con-
cave smooth towards the margin brown, at length depressed
cinereous fixed by hairs to a broad tomentose dark-brown subi-
culum. Pas. Syn. p. 657. Myc. Eur. v. 2. p. 272. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 109. Scler. Sued 7i. 292. Grev, ! Scot.Crypt.
Fl. t, 192. — P. pruni avium, Pers. 3Iyc. Eur. v. 2. p. 273.

On fallen branches in moist situations. Spring. Appin, Captain
Carmichael. Lasswade, Dr. G;-etv7/e.— Spreading in patches 2 inches
or more wide.

Subgenus 8. Fibrina {h'om Jihra, afbre). Waxy or coria-
ceous, fihriUose or striated ivith scattered adpressed fibres.

63. P. boldris, Batscli, (led-ochre Peziza) ; infundibuliform,
cup hemispherical fibrilloso-venous subochraceous ; disc brown,
stem at length blackish. Batsch, Cont. 1./. 155. Fr. SysL
Myc.v. %p. 112.

On dry fallen branches. Autumn. Appin, Captain Carmicliael. —
Stem very variable in length ; in the same groupe 1—2 lines or more
high. Cup 1 — 2 lines broad, when young villous, soon however losing,
its vlllosity.

Series III. Phialea (from pa^n, a broad shallow cup). Waxy
or membranaceous, rarely gelatinous, smooth, naked.

Subgenus 9. Hymenoscypha (from i^/xjjy, a membrane, and
c-Avpc, a cup). Cup submembranaceovs, distinctly stipitate. Hy-
meniwn distinct, thicker than the receptacle.

64. P. firma, Pers. (ochrey-brown Peziza) ; cup infundi-
buliform at length dilated repand ochrey-brown, stem long-
attenuated downwards at length blackish. Pers. Syn. p^. 658.
Fr Sfjsf. Mi/c. V. 2. p. 117. P. ochroleuca, Bolt. t. 105./. 1.
Sow. t. 115. With. V. 4. p. 306. Ptirt. v. 2 ^ 8. «. 1032.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 422.

Peziza.] rUNGl. 201

On sticks in woods. Autumn. Common — Gregarious, leathery when
fresh, hard when dry. Cup \ — h an inch broad. Stem ^ — 2 inches
high. Varying in colour from whitish-ochre to brown.

65. P. fructigejm, Bull, (mast Peziza)' ; tough smooth pallid,
at length yellowish, cup patelliform, stem long thin flexiious.
Bull. t. 228. Sow. t. 117. Wilh. v. 4. p. 307. Purt. v. 2
^' 3. w. 1034. Fr, Si/st, Myc, v. 2. p. 18. Grev. PL Ed.

p. 422.

On nuts, acorns, beech-mast, &c. Woods. Common. — Cup 1 — 2
lines broad ; jti/eus \ — 1 inch high, shallow from the thickness of tlie
flesh.

66. P. seroihia, Pers. {amphibious Peziza) ; bright yellow,
cup plano-convex rather thin, stem sliort firm thickish. Pers.
Syn. p. G61. Alb. S^- ScJnv. Coiisp. j!?. 331. Pr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. \ 19. —Helv. aurea. Bolt. t. 98.

On sticks, stalks of plants, &c., in moist and watery places ; Bolton.
— Clip \ of an inch broad. According to Alb. ^' Schic, who describe
a variety occurring in spring and early summer, it sometimes grows
almost in the water itself.

G7. P. irijUxa, Bolt, (triangular-toothed Peziza) ; stipitatc
dirty-white, cup suhhemispherical, margin fringed with long
flat subtriangular teeth of the same colour as the cup. Bolt.
t. 106./. 2. Sow. ! t. 306. With. v. 4. /;. 306. Purt. v. 2 S^- 3.
71. 1031. Pr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. ]). 120. Grev. PL Ed. p. 422.
— P. coro?iilla, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. ]. p. 287.

On the stems of nettles, Helianthus tuberosus, chestnut-petioles, «Ii:c.
Autumn and early winter. Not uncommon. — All the specimens I have
seen agree exactly with Sowerby's plant, which has the teeth shaped
like those of the outer peristome of an Hi/p/ium. Bulliard describes
the cilia; in his plant as black. I have seen no specimens of P. coronatay
but cannot help suspecting that there is not sufficient ground for
separatitig the present species.

68. P. Persooniiy Moug. (marc" s- tail Peziza) ; cup urceolate
orange with a prominent membranaceous pale orifice, stem
cylindrical pink. Moug. in Pers. Myc. Eur. 1. ;>. 288. ^ 12.

/ 1—4. Pr. Syst. Myc. r. 2. ;;. 121. ^ Grev. ! Scot. Crypt. PI.
t, 102. — Lycopcrdoii Ef/uiseti, Hoffm. ]'eg. Cr. 11. t. b. f. 1. —
P. Eqniscti, With. v. 4. p. 305.

Bogs and moist places, on vi^rious species of Et/uisctuf/i. Rr.re.
Duddingston Loch near Edinburgh, JJr. iirtviUc.

69. P. Campdnuhi, Nces, (bell shaped Peziza) ; temlor deli-
cate, cup even membranaceous campanuhite unefnial white or
yellowisii, stem short filiform. Nies, Syst. f. 'l\)b. Pr. Syst.
Myc. V. 1. ;;. 123. Grev. PL Ed. p. 423.

On small twigs and stems of iloail herbaceous plants, in moist woods.
Foxhall near Edinburgh, ('(i/itdin Wduch. Newliston woods, Dr.
(hrvillc. M;irgatc, in a chalk pit, Riv. M. J. linhrl, i/. — \'.\\.rcn\Q\y
delicate, inembranuccous, white or slightly yellowish; mouth widely

202 FUNGI. [Peziza.

open without being expanded, unequal. It varies greatly in size on
the same twig, the larger being 2 lines in diameter, the smaller not one.

70. P. cyathoeidea, Bull, (cup-like Peziza) ; thin dirty- white
pallid, cup globoso-cyathiform at length expanded quite entire,
stem rather long filiform. Bull. t. 316./. 2. Fr, Syst. Myc,
V. 2. p. 124. Scler. Suec. ! n. 454 — P. cyathoides, PurL v. 8.
n. \oOS.—P. pedicellata, Sow.! t. 369./. 4.

On stems of herbaceous plants, &c. Aug. — April. Everywhere.
P. cyathoides. With., in the earlier editions, is P. citrina, in the last
edition it is the present species, so far as the citation of P. pedicellata
is concerned.

Subgenus. 10. Calycina (from calyx, a cup) — Cup between
ivaxy and fleshy, firm, obconic, substipitate. Hyynenium distinct^
thintier than the receptacle.

71. P. Tuba, Bolt. {Trumpet Peziza); yellow, cup top-
sbaped, disc plane margin swollen, stem long slender. Bolt,
t. 106./. I. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 128. — Merulius tuhceformis.
With. V. 4. p. 146.

On fallen branches and stems of plants in moist places.^ Near
Halifax, Bolton. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Plant | an inch or
more high.

72. P. Buccina, Pers. (grooved- stemmed Peziza) ; rather
large infundibuliform dull-yellow, stem incrassated striated
somewhat incurved. Pers. Syn. p. 659. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 129.

On wood and pine branches. Rare. Appin, Captain Carmichael.

73. P. calyculus, Sw. (yellow-brown Peziza) ; yellowish-brown,
cup concave with an elevated margin, stem short thick clothed
with dirty-white down. Sow.! t. 116. With. v. 4. p. 307.
Piirt. V. 2 c5- 3. n. 1033. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 129.— P.
infundibulum, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 423.

On decorticated branches, twigs, acorn-cups, &c. Woods. Not
uncommon. — About 2 lines high.

74. P. ceruginosa, Pers. (verdigris Peziza) ; verdigris-green,
cup turbinate, at length expanded and more or l«ss flexuous,
stem short. Pers. Obs. 1. p. 27. Sy7i. p. 663. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 130. Grev. Sc. CrT/jjt. Fl. t. 241.— Helv. ceru-
(jinosa, Dichs. Crypt, fasc. 2. p. 24. Soiv. t. 347. With. v. 4.
'p. 299. Pers. Syn. p. 617. Purt. v. 3. 7i. 1496.

On rotten branches, stumps, &c. Not uncommon. — Staining the
wood on which it grows for a considerable depth of a deep verdigris-
green (Chromosporiionviride, Cord.) ; in thickish branches the whole
substance is frequently impregnated, so that a section presents a very
curious appearance.

75. P. citrina, Hedw. (lemo)i'Coloured Peziza) ; gregarious,
cups plano-convex forming together with the short paler stem

Peziza.] ruNGi. 203

an inverted cone. Batsch, Coiif.^.f. ^\8. Sow. t 151. Fr.
Syst. Mjjc. V. 2. p. 131. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 424. — Octosp.
citrina, Hedw. Ad. t. 8./ B.

On trunks and branches. Autumn and early winter. Common. — I am
by no means certain that tlie plant I have in view is identical with that of
Fries though undoubtedly it is that of Sowerby and answering perfectly
to the character given above, and apparently different from P. aiirea.
Sow.! t. loO, referred by Fries to P. lentlcularis, specimens of which
appear not to differ at all from P. citrina, Moiuj. and Nest. n. 784.
My plant does not change colour when dry, nor when crowded become
confluent, as is the case in the specimens published by Mougeot and
Nestler, which accord with the observations of Persoon. Specimens
from Purton are marked by Klotzsch, P. jiallescens, but this is at
variance with the whole account of Hoffman, Persoon and Alb. and
Schw.

76. P. jmllescens, Pers. (pallid Peziza) ; gregarious smooth
pale yellow or wliitissh changing to pallid, cup concave, stem
short ratlier tliick pallid. Pers. Syn. p. G64. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2./ 132.— P. lejiticulaiis, Hoffni. FL Germ. Crypt, t. 13.

On sawn wood, chips, &c., generally accompanying a small species of
Tornla. Autumn. — White at first, then of a beautiful apricot-colour,
which is retained by the dried plant ; rather crisp, | a line broad ;
margin distinct, sometimes flexuous. Stern and cup, which together
form an inverse cone, sometimes marked externally with transverse
ridges. Persoon remarks the circumstance of its growing on a black
crust, which accords with my observation of its being accompanied by
a ToiiULA, which is figured by Hoffman and is usually referred to 2\
antennata, though in reality quite different and very much smaller.

77. P. cribrosa, Grev. (sieve-like Peziza) ; black solitary
rather large very concave, hymenium cribriform or full of
lacerated irregular pores and sinuses. Grev. Fl. Ed. }). A2d,
Lond. Hart. Brit. p. 455.

On the ground, in sandy or gravelly places, amongst short grass.
Autumn. North-west of Scotland. Messrs. Hooker cS' Grevillc.
liahmito. Dr. Grevillc— "■ Large, ^—1 inch broad, hemispherical, at
length partly spreading, but always deeply concave, wholly black, but
deeper within, somewhat rugose at the base externally ; margin entire,
even." Grev. I. c.

78. P. claro-fdra, Grev. (clear yellow Peziza) ; «' yellow
gregarious minute ohconical, at length somewhat plane, margin
raised obtuse externally somewhat paler." Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 424.

On decayed wood and brandies of trees. Autumn. Hraid Hermi-
tage, near Kdin!)urgh. — Very minute, liie largest not half a line broad,
always concave. Whole [)lant very bright yellow. Jlj/nieuium darker."
Grev. I. c.

79. P. Icfiticuluris, Bull. (Lentil Pe:i:a) ; convex adpressed
firm yellow, stem pai)illiform at length blacUij^h. Jiull. t. 300.

/: a. c. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 1U3 P. aurca, Sow. t. 150.

(accordinf/ to Fr. El. 2, p. 11.)

204 rUNGI. [Peziza.

On old trunks, Soiverbi/.^l shall only add here to the observations
made under P. citrina, that if the plant of Moug. & Nest, be the true
P. citrina the synonym of Sowerby must be again restored to the place
first assigned by Fries, and it must be left to future observation to
determine whether the plant called P. citrina by Sowerby be really
different or no.

80. P.ochrd€ea,Grev. (ohconic oc7irey-hr own Peziza) ; " ochre y-
brown minute gregarious thick carnose obconic, hymeniuin
minutely granular, at length plane or subconvex." Grev. Sc,
Crypt. FL t. 5. Fr. EL p. 425.

" On fallen trunks and branches of trees. Autumn. Braid Hermi-
tage, near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville Not 1 line broad, thick, puckered

cr° rugose at the base, margin equal or subirregular, rounded and
depressed. Hymenium sprinkled with minute shining particles resem-
bling grains of brown sugar. In drying it does not change." Grev.
I. c. Very near P. salicella, Fr.

81. P. tricolor, Sow. (three- coloured Peziza) ; hemispherical
marginate, disc yellowish, externally greyish, stem very short
nearly white. >SW. t. 369./ 6. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2./?. 134.

On wood. Ripon, 3Ir. W. Brunton.—V i'om the figure 1 should
imagine that the outer surface is pubescent ; if so the species cannot
be rightly placed here.

i' 82. P. herhdrum, Pers. {fat ivhitish Peziza) ; gregarious
fleshy adpressed convex, sometimes depressed, stem extremely
short. Pers. Syn. p. 664. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 136. Grev.
Ft. Ed. p. 424. Mong. S)- Nest. exs. n. 785.

On the stems of herbaceous plants, especially the nettle. Autumn.
Everywhere.

83. P. faginea, Pers. (heecJt-mast Peziza) ; minute, cup
flattish dirty- white, stem short thick. Pers. Syn. p. 6. 64.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 136. Johnsf. Fl. Berw. v. 2. p. 150.

On beech-mast and "decayed twigs and straws in damp woods."
Johnst. I. c. Autumn.

84. P. 3Iarchdnti(B, Berk, (po/e brown Peziza) ; rather thick
obconic pale yellowish-brown marginate flexuous, disc flat.

On fading Marchantia hemispherica. May. Whittlesea Mere,
Hunts. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Smooth, 1^ line broad, cup quite con-
fuient with the thick stem so as to be irrogularly and obtusely^ obconic ;
flesh white. Hymenium thin. Asci clavate ; sporules in a single row,
elliptic. A very distinct species.

Subgenus 11. Mollisia. (from ?nollis, soft). Cup waxy hut
tender, watery, sessile or obconic.

85. P. phascoides, Fr. (pallid moss Peziza) ; minute pallid
•with a brick-red tinge, cup plain turbinate, stem short nearly-
equal. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 138.

On small mosses. 31r. W. Wilson, apparently on half-grown SplacJi-
num. ampullaceum. Mr. Wilson's specimens are subgregarious and

Peziza.] FUNGI. 205

perhaps of a less red tinge, as far as may be judged from the dry plant,
but there is no doubt that they are what Fries intends.

QQ, P. cojugentty Pers. (^pallid Jir-cone Peziza) ; of a waxy-

■\vatery consistence minute at length pallid, cup nearly plane

immarginale, stem short thick at length obliterated. Pers. Syn,

p. 634. Fr. Sijst. Mijc, v. 2. p. 139. Grev. PL Eel p. 425.

On cones of the Scotch-Fir. Foxhall, near Edinburgh, CG/>/«mTFawc/^.

87. p. chnjsocoma, Bull, {minute taiimy Peziza) ; sessile
subgelatinous smooth yellow-tawny at length turning pale,
spherical when young, gradually becoming depressed in the
centre. Bull. t. 376./. 2. Sow. t. 152. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 140. Scler. Sued n. 331.

On fir wood, common. — The plant of Purton is the young state of
P. citrina.

88. P. vi?i6sa, A. & S. (vinous red Peziza) ; minute sessile
subtremellose nearly plane smooth quite entire pale vinous-
red. Alb. 4" ScJnu. Consp. p. 308. Pers. Syn. p. 685. Fr,
Syst, Myc. v. 2. p. 141.

On fallen, decorticated branches, especially of Oak. Ant. — Spring.
Appin, Captain Ccuinichael. Oundle, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
— When dry it is much more concave and appears to be held down by
gelatinous filaments, which vanish as the plant swells on the application
of moisture and assumes a much paler tint.

89. P. atrovirens, Pers. (darh-gree7i Peziza) ; sessile minute
crowded subtremellose, when young globose green, when full-
grown hemispherical, disc plane of the same colour with a
flesh-coloured tinge. Pers. Syn. p. 635. Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 2.
;;. 141. Grcv. PL Ed. p. 425.

On decaying wood, &c. Appin, Captain Carmichacl. Foxhall,
near Edinburgh ; Captain Wanch. Swanston wood, Dr. Grevillc. —
A state has been found at Appin on wood, forming tolerably regular
lines owing to the texture of tlic wood, but scattered on the smoother
portions, in this respect agreeing with P. seriata, Pers , but even more
convex than the usual form and not at all of a darker green.

90. P. cinereuy Batsch, {cinereous Peziza) ; sessile soft minute
shield-like cinereous, margin quite entire white. Batsch^ Cant,
1. /. 137. Sow. t. 64. With. v. 4. ;;. 312. Purt. v. 2 .^ 3.
w. 1044. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 142. Grev. PL Ed. p. 425.
—P. callosa, Bull. t. 416./ 1.

On wood, branches, 8:c. Autumn — Spring. Everywhere — " Crowded,
1 — '2 lines broail, either ccjual or lobed and wavcil at the margin.
II;imcmum pale or dark-grey, watery, paler towards the circumference.
Snl)stancc soft and sometimes almost gelatinous." Grcv. I. c. P.
riinosuy Sow. ! t. 3CD./. \1. is not a true Peziza.

91. P. axillaris, Nees, (moss-stem Peziza); sessile vasculi-
form orange paler at tiie base, margin obtuse. Nees, Syst.

j: 267. J'ers. Myc. Eur. p. 314. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 145.
In the a.xiilu; of Moss-lcavcs, rare. StoUish Alps. Aug. 1831.

206 FUNGI. [Peziza.

On SplacJinum mnioides, Mr. Arnoti.^Pkmt ^— f of a line high.
" Cup at first ovate, closed, then urceolate, of a soft waxy consistence,
margin quite entire ; when <\vy scarlet, j)ersistent." Kl. MSS. In
the two last points the present plant differs from the description of
Fries, who says that when dry it acquires a brownish tinge and is sub-
evanescent.

92. p, xantJiostigma, Fr. [golden-dot Peziza) ; sessile minute
submembranaceous smooth concave orbicular golden yellow.
Fr. Ohs. I, p. 166. Si/st. Myc. v. 2. p, 146.

On rotting fir-wood. Captain Carmichael — Distinguished from
P. chri/socoma by its more hollow thinner cup, and less tender con-
sistence. I have however gatiiered, on soft decorticated oak-branches,
a species equally minute, but of a more tawny yellow and less excavated,
almost exactly intermediate. P. vinosa, Purt. ! 3ISS., as far I can
judge from very imperfect specimens, appears to be a form of the
present species.

93. P. leucostigma, Fr. (ivliite-dot Peziza); sessile minute
submembranaceous smootli nearly plane white, disc with a
slight cinereous tinge. Fr. Obs. \. p. 165. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 146.

On soft rotten wood ; common. — Very minute, dirty-yellow when
dry. Scattered, at first appearing under the form of an urceolate dot,
in which state it appears under a powerful lens most minutely rugulose
and fixed down by a few delicate white threads, then quite flat with a
narrow border, white with the slightest possible cinereous tinge in the
centre ; in decay dirty-yellow or even grey. Not more than ^ a line
broad. Possibly the plant I have in view may be only a state of the
next species, as the cinereous tinge is so slight ; but it appears to differ
in several points.

94. P. vulgaris, Fr. (common Peziza) ; sessile subcsespitose
membranaceous soft smooth dirty-white, at length pallid. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 146 — ,S. diaphana ; scattered, urceolate,
then flat of a semi-transparent dirty- white or brownish. Sow,
U 389./. 7.

/3. On the under-side of rotten sticks. Soicerhy.

95. P. erumpens, Grev. (sycamore-petiole Peziza) ; minute of
a waxy-watery consistence smooth sessile grey erumpent.
Grev. So. Crypt. FL t. 99.

" On sycamore petioles. Late in autumn. Auchindenny woods,
near Edinburgh. — Resembling to the naked eye an Hysterium, when
dry ; in moist weather distending the small slit in the back of the
petiole, till it attains its round form, when the margin projects over the
edge of the fissure." Grev. I. c. Surely distinct from P. vulgaris by
its peculiar habit.

96. P. punctata, Grev. (yellow-dot Peziza) ; bright yellow
very minute gregarious punctiform globular, at length plane or
subconvex, margin minutely crenate. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 424.—
P. pmictiformis, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 63.

On dead oak and beech leaves. Balmuto, near Edinburgh.

Peziza.] FUNGI. 207

97. P. atrdia, Pers. {small blackish Peziza) ; sessile sub-
globose smooth, orifice connivent whitish. Pers. Syn, p. 669.
JS'ees, Syst.f. 266. Fr, Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 148. Sckr. Succ, >
72,452. Johnst. Fl. Berw. p. 148.

On wood and stems of herbaceous plants. Benvick, Johnston.
x\pethorpe. Norths. liev. M. J. Berlidey. — Scattered or gregarious
1 line or more broad, blackish with a livid subolivaceous tinge, the
border nearly white ; globose at first, but when crowded ofi;en irregular;
rugulose under a lens. My specimens approach /3. Ebuli.

Subgenus 12. Patellea. (from paklla, a saucer). Cup of
a dry waxy consistence, sessile, flattened at the base or innate,
marginate.

98. P. Ahhottidna, Sow. (il/r. Abbott's Peziza) ; sessile dry
saucer-shaped, externally blue, disc yellow.

Bedfordshire, Mr. Abbot. — A very doubtful species ; probably a
Lichen. Fries however has received a real Peziza from Weinmann,
according with the above character.

99. P, melaxdntha, Fr. {smooth black and yellow Peziza) ;
sessile of a dry waxy consistence saucer-shaped, externally
blackish, margin quite entire, disc yellowish. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 150. — p. xanthomela, j3. epixyla. Alb. S,- Schw. Consp.
p. 338.

On dry dead wood. Appin, Captain Carmichad. — Scattered or
gregarious, 1 line or more broad, sometimes flexuous.

100. P. compressa, A. & S. {compressed Peziza) ; sessile
innate thin blackish, disc black, wiien dry ccunpressed shell-
like. Alb. S)- Schw. Co7isp. p. 340. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 152.

On bard wood. Perennial. Aj)[)in, Captain Carmichacl. — Cuj)
often brownish.

101. P. flexella, Fr. {black flexuous Peziza); immersed
compressed very minute concave variously flexuous, black. Fr.
Syst. Myc. V. 2. p. 152.

On rotting pine-wood. Perennial. Ap[)in, Captain Carmichacl. —
hsnudler than the foregoing, purer black.

Subgenus 13. IlELOTiuisr. (from >3>.o?, a nail.) ITymenium
ulways open, naked, plano-convex, receptacle at length holLw
beneath.

102. P. Jibuli(ormis^ Yloh. [bnttoU'shapcd Peziza) ; firm, head
convex yellow black-brown beiu'ath as well as the sh(ut thick
stem. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 155. — Tldv. //bul't'ormis, Polt.
t. 176. ]Vith. V. 4. p. 299.—Pez.flbNbf, Pers. Syn. p. 660.—
I lelolium fibula, Pers. Myc. Eur. v. I. p. 345.

103. P. agaricina, ('arm. {grcin bnltim-shaptd Pcziza) ; firm
dark green convex rather uneven, nuirgin revolute, stem rather
thick obconic. Carm. MSS.

208 FUNGI. [Ascobolus,

On wood. Appin. Captain Carmichael. — Plant \\ — 2 lines broad,
very much resembling at first sight Helotium virens (Pers. in litt.) but
on closer inspection quite different, being a true Peziza with long
flexuous obtuse asci, whereas the plant of Persoon certainly belongs to
the Order Lichenes, and is probably only a state of Blatora vernalis.
The specimens I have seen are however very different from the figure
given by Alb. & Schwein. of Pez. vii'ens, the shields being large and
very irregular.

104. P. sclerotioides, Berk. (^Sclerotium-like Peziza) ; convex
umbilicate clear red-brown concave beneath and confluent with
the short obconic stem.

On wood. Appin. Captain Carjnichael. — At first sight resembling
Sderotium quercigenum, but on dissection proving a true Peziza^ with
slender asci. About 1 line broad.

105. P, aciculdris, Bull, (pin Peziza) ; white smooth head
convex, stem equal elongated. Fr. Syst. 31yc. v. 2. p. 156. —
Helv. acicularis, Bull. t. 4:73. f. 1. — Helv. agariciformisy Bolt,
t. 98./. 1. With. V. 4. p. 296. Sow. t. 57. Part. v. 2 ^ 3.
n. 1014. — Helotium aciculare, Pers. Syn. p. 677.

On roots and in hollow stumps. Aug. — Dec. Not common.
Sowerby however pronounces it very common. Near Halifax, Bolton.
Pophills, 31rs. Riifford. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Care must be
taken not to confound with it gill-less forms o^ Agaricus epiphyllus.

106. p. siihtilis, Fr. {ininute button Peziza) ; white minute
rather firm, head plano-convex, stem short slender. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 157. — Helotium subtile, Fr. Obs. Myc. v. 2.
p. 311.

On fir-leaves. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Stem not 1 line high,
somewhat attenuated. Head 1 line broad, at length slightly convex."
Fr. I. c.

28. Patellakia. Fr. Patellaria.

Cup open, margined, disc somewhat pulverulent, destitute of
a veil. Asci coraiate, without paraphyses. Substance tough.
— Named from palella, a saucer.

1. P.atrdta^ He(\\v. (black Patellaria) ; subcoriaceous shield-
like sessile flat black, margin tumid, disc subpruinose. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. IGO. Scler. Suec. ! n. 336. — Lichen atratus^

Hedw. Ad. 2. /. 21. A Pez. pattellaria, Pers. Syn. p. 670.

Nees,p. 257. t. 265. B.

On wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Asci large, obtuse " burst-
ing forth when the plant is immersed in water," filled with a mass of
minute granules (naked sporules). I have not been able to discover
any rings as figured by Nees von Esenbeck.

29. Ascobolus. Pers. Ascobolus.

Ci/p nearly plane. Asci projecting beyond the surface of
the hymeniujiiy at length bursting forth elastically. — Named from
a(s::o;, a vessel, and ^aX>.6», to project.

Bulgaria.] FUNGT. 209

1. A, urfurdceus, Pers. {common Ascoholus) ; sessile sliglitly
concave brown or greenish externally furfuraceous. Pers,
Obs, 1. t. 4./ 3—6. Ft. Sf/st. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 1(j3. Grev,
FL Ed, p. 426. Scot, Crypt, Fl. t. 307 — Fez. stercoraria,
Bull, t, 376, 433./ 4. Sow. t. 18, 389. f. 3—6. With, v. 4.
p, 309.— P. fusca, Bolt. t. 109. / 2. With. v. 4. p. 309.—
P. violaceay Relh, 558. — P. a^rcr, ZTe^^^. 637. IFiM. v, 4.
/>. 313.

On cow-dung; all the year. Very common.— /S/?om//a black. I
have found, however, a plant, apparently the same, 1 — 2 lines broad,
with a plane thick cup, externally dirty-green and furfuraceous, within
brownish with a purplish tinge, having sporidia of the most beautiful
amethyst-purple, when seen by transmitted light.

2. A. vinosus, Berk, (vinous Ascoholus) ; sessile at first
globose then depressed smooth dull purple,' orifice laciniate.

On a mole-hill overgrown with moss, and covered with rabbits* and
sheeps' duug.— Cup 1 line broad adhering by branched threads, at first
globose, then nearly plane opening with about 5 lacinia?, which as it
expands are again divided. Asci nearly linear, thickest at their tips.

3. A. cilidtus, Schmidt, (f ringed Ascobolus) ; sessile subherai-
spherical smooth orange, disc plane, margin swollen white
fringed with wliite hairs. Schmidt, in Myc. Heft. 1. ;;. 90.
Pers. Myc. Eur. v. \. p. 340. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. \Q4.

On cow-dung. Autumn. Appin, in com\mwy \\'\i\\ Asc. furfuraceus.
Captain CarmichacL— Extremely like Pezizu siercorca, but the hairs
are white. The asci are very large for the size of the [)lant, and are
not altered by drying. Sporidia broadly elliptic.

4. A.gldher, Pers. {smooth Ascoholus) ; sessile minute smooth
shining somewhat convex marginate. Pers. Obs. 1. t. 4. f. 7.
Syn. ;a 667. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 164.

On cow-dung. Autumn. Norths., Ihv. M. J. Berhdey My spe-
cimens are rather larger than common, of a vinous hue, like that iu
Nees' figure, and the asci are nearly equal, with evident i)araphyscs.
The colour appears to be very variable ; Bernhardi describes it as
orange or white.

5. A. Trifoliiy Bcrnh. {clover Ascoholus) ; sessile epiphyllous
minute rather plane smooth pale yellow. Biv. Bernh. St. Par.
t. 6./ 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.p. 165. Besm ! PI, Cr. n. 520.

On living clover leaves. Appin, Capt. Curniic/tacl. Berwick.
Dr. Johnston.

30. Bllgaria. Fr. Bulgaria.

Cup at first closed. Asci immersed, accompanit'd by para-
physcsy at length free, and bursting forth. Gelatinous. —
Named from buhja, a leathern hay.

1. B. im/uinans, Pers. {pitch-black Bulyoria) ; top-shaped
firm externally rugulose furfuraceous umber, disc nearly plane
pitch-black. Fr. Sys(. Myc. v. 2. p. IQ7.—Pe:. iwpiimins, Pers,

P

210 FUNGI. [Tympanis,

Syn. p. 631. Hook. Fl. Scot. 2. p, 32.— P. nigra, Bull t. 460.
f, I, 116. Moug. S)^ Nest, exs, n. 197. — P. polymorpha, With^
V, 4. p. 312. Soiv. t. 428. P«r^ v. 2 S^- S. Ji. 1046.

On old stumps and pollard trees, as ash, oak, beechj &c. Autumn
and winter. Not uncommon. — Tough, elastic, gelatinous, dark-brown
or chocolate, almost black, wrinkled and rough externally, disc some-
times lacLinose ; ston, in general blunt, almost obsolete. Sometimes
fasciculate and confluent. Asci long, obtuse, containing large elliptic
brown sporidia, each containing a sporidiolum.

2. B. sarcoides, .Jacq. {flesh-like Bidgaria) ; csespitose poly-
morphous rather firm reddish-purple, externally somewhat veiny,
disc hollowed out. Fr. Si/st. 3Iyc. v. 2. ]). 168. — Lichen sar-
coides, Jacq. Misc. 2. /. 22. — Helv. sarcoides, Bolt. t. 101. /! 2. —
Fez. sarcoides, Pei's. Syn. p. 633. Grev. FL Ed. p. 423. — P,
tremelloides, Bull, t: 410. /. 1. Fr, amethystea, With. v. 4.
p. 72.

On old stumps ; autumn and winter. Common. — This is confounded
by most of the earlier English writers on Fungi with Tremella sarcoides,
which some of its forn)s very strongly resemble, but it may be known
by its firmer substance, and the presence of asci, which produce elliptic
sporidia, each containing two globose sporidiola.

31. DiTiOLA. Fr, Ditiola.

Hymenium at leng-th plicate, deliquescent. Cup open. Veil
universal. Corky. — Name from dirrog, double, and io-jXog, down,

]. Z>. radicdta, A. & S. {rooting Ditiola) ; disc nearly plane
golden-yellow, stem thick wliite villous rooting-. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p). 170. Scler. Suec. ! n. 295. Loud. Hort. Brit, p, 455.
— Helotium radicatum, Alb. S) Schia. Cons. t. 8.f. 6.

On barked pine-trees. — Inserted in Loudon's Hortus Britannicus,

but whether on any other authority than the synonym of Fries (" P.

Jibidce,\ixv. ex. A?igL'^) and the doubtful reference to Clavaria coccinea.

Sow. (which is nothing more than Tubercularia vulgaris), I am unable

to say.

32. Tywpanis. Tode, Tympanis.

Hymenium not persistent, but at length cracking and break-
ing up. Cup open. Veil partial. Between horny and coria-
ceous.— Named from r-oij.ita^o-), a drum.

1. T. dlnea, Pers. {cdder Ty^npanis) ; somewhat stipitate
opaque umber-black, cup subfiexuous margined. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p. 174 Fez. alnea, Pers. Syn. p. 673.

On Alder. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Minute, at first resembling
a caespitose SphariCi ; externally brownish.

2. T.frdxini, Scliwein. {ash-tree Tymjmnis) ; nearly sessile
turbinato-truncate shining black, disc plane rugose margined.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 174.

On dry ash-branches. Winter and spring. Appin, Captain Car-

Cenangkim.] fungi. 21]

michad. — " Breaking through the bark in small fascicles, consistinf^ of
a few individuals only, which increase in breadth from the base ; margin
prominent, obtuse, flexuous ; disc opaque rather solid, punctato-rueose."
Fr.l.c.

3. T. conspersa^ Fr. {common Tympanis) ; tufted ; cups at
first closed suhglobose naked black soon open wliitish and
pulverulent from the fragments of the broken veil. Fr. SysL
Mijc. V. 2. p. 175. Scler. Sued n. 12, 171. Grev. Scot.
Crypt. Fl. t. 335. Purt. ! 3ISS. Fez. aucuparicE, Pers. Myc,
Eur. V. 1. p. 327. Grev. FI. Ed. p. 426. P. Pyri, Pers. Syn.
p. 671. P. sphceroides, Roth, in Ust. Ann. Ilef. 1. t. \.f. 6.

On hranchcs oi Rosacea'. Perennial. Common in Scotland. Bagley
wood, Oxford. On crab trees destroyed by the sedge having taken
fire, Mr. Baxter. — Peziza populnea, Pers., quoted by Dr. (Jreville
under this species, belongs to Peziza fascicidaris. The generic cha-
racter, as given in the Scottish Crypt. FL, scarcely embraces the dis-
tinguishing feature of the genus, which is that the hymenium at length
breaks up and becomes deintegrated.

33. Cenangiuji. Fr. Cenangium.
Hymenium even, persistent, rarely deliquescent. Cup closed,
at length open, more or less coriaceous, consisting of two
distinct coats, the outer coriaceous or membranaceous, the inner
subgrumous. — Named from -/.zni-, empty., and ayyi'io'i, a vessel.

1. C. Cerasi, Pers. {Cherry-tree Cenangium) ; subcjespitose,
of no determiuate form, at first tuberculate rugose argillaceo-
rufous, at length unfolding into blackish cups which are plane
above. Fr. Syst.Myc. v. 2. p. 179. Purt. ! 31 SS. Fez. Ccrasi.
Pers. Syn. p. 673. 3Iouy. ^ Nest. exs. n. 494. Purt. v. 3.
71. 1502. Grev. ! Fl. Ed. p. 426. — -junior, Sphceria dubia, Pers.
Je.pict. t. 20. /■ 1 — Dcrmea Cerusi, Fr. Scler. Suec. ! n. 430.

On dead branches of the wild cherry-tree. Connnon. I find a form
very much resembling /3. Padi on the common Laurel.

2. C. Prundstri, Vor^. (Plum-tree Crnanr/iutii) ,- subc.Tspitoso,
of a somewhat horny cousisilence naked blackish, cup at first
awl-shaped, at length ojjen concave substipitate. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p. 180. — Pez. Prunastri, Pers. Syn. p. 673. Grev. !
Fl. Ed. p. 425. — Sphceria Prunastri, Purt. ! v. 3. ;/. 1588.

On branches o{ Pruiius spi/iosa, &c. Autumn and winter. — Burst-
ing throngh thel):irk,in the guise of awl-shaped bodies, which gradually
become di[)rcsseil in the centre and at length expanilcil into a cup.
This is not however [)eculiar to the present species, as Cenangium
Ctrasi sometin)es puts on the same form. Indeeil, some true Peziza,'
as P. liuccina, P. tu/ftrosa, «*\:c , wlien )oung have a somewhat similar
aspect. Cenangium Itdus, another species allied to this an<l the fore-
going, has been ailiiiilted into the list of British Fiuigi by Mr. Purfcn ;
but his s[)ecimcn3, on dissection, prove to belong to Sj)/it(ria S'fnt-
iiulla.

212 FUNGI. * IStictis.

3. C. AucupdricE, Pers. (3Ioiintain-ash Cenangiwn) ; tufted
black clothed with dirty- white meal, cup at first closed elon-
gated subcylindric, at length open. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. /?. 181.
— Sphceria AucuparicBy Pers. Syn. p. 51 — Pez. Aucupari(Ef
Grev. Fl. Ed. 2). 426,

On branches of the mountain-ash. Autumn — Spring. Craiglockhart,
Dr. Greville. Appin, Captain Carjnic/iael.— Tins and the two foregoing
species in some states resemble so closely certain SphceriUj that they
cannot always be safely determined without analysis, though nothing
can be more clear than their real nature.

4. C. pulverdceum, A. & S. (powdered Cenangium) ; gre-
garious blackish covered with dense cinereous powder, cup
subglobose but together with the stem top-shaped. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p. 181. — Pez. pidveracea, Alb. S)- Schivein, Consp,
t. &.f. 2 b. stem branched. P. ramosa, Ehrenherg.

b. On wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael.

5. C. fidigindsum, Fr. (dingy hroivn Cenangium) ; cups ir-
regular dingy brown crowded into broad patches, disc pale,
growing in a widely effused more or less ambient subiculum.
Fr. El. 2. p. 23.

On branches of Sallows. Rockingham Forest, Rev. 31. J. Berkeley.
There is also an unnamed specimen in Sowerby's Herbarium received
many years since from Mr. Purton.

6. C. ferruginosum^ Fr. (ferruginous Cenangium); gre-
garious coriaceo-membranaceous nearly sessile rugose sub-
pruinose reddish-black, orifice compressed inflexed spreading
-when moist, disc yellow. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 187. Scler.

Siiec. ! n. 292, 429. Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL t. \^7.—Pez. abietis,
Pers. Syn. p. 671. 3Ioug. ^ Nest. exs. n. 399. (but not the
specimens first published.) C. pinastri^ Klotzsch ! exs. n. 46.

On the smaller branches of the Scotch Fir. Common in Scotland. —
Cups covered with ferruginous powder.

7. C. qiiercinum, Pers. (oak-twig Cenangium) ; simple gre-
garious elongated flexuous at first closed, pruinose subcinereous,
at length open, disc broad pallid. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 189.
Pure. ! 31 SS. — Hysterium quercinumy Pers. Syn. p. 110. 3Ioug.
S; Nest. exs. n. 367. Fr. Scler. Suec. ! n. 130. Grev. FL Ed.
p. 366. — Sphceria collapsa, Soiv. ! t. 373. f. 3.

On small dead or half-dead branches of the oak, still attached to the
tree. Extremely common.— When young it bears, as has been well
remarked, a close resemblance to some worm burrowing beneath the
smooth bark. Asci very long, clavate, exceedingly attenuated below
like soldering-irons.

34. Stictis. Pers. Stictis.
Hymenium even, immersed. Cap more or less obliterated.
Asci slender, without paraphyses. Sporidia minute. — Named
from GTiKTog, dotted.

Stictis.] FUNGI. 213

1. S. sphcErdlis^ Fr. {sphcEroid Stictis) ; bursting forth hemi-
spherical brovvn-blacli urceolate, orifice entire contracted, disc
plane black. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 2. p. 194. Purt. 31 SS,

On dead decorticated branches of the ash. Winter. 3Ir. Baxter.
— Introduced entirely on the authority of Mr. Purton : I have seen no
specimen.

2. S. radidta, Linn, (eyelet-hole Stictis) ; immersed orbicular,
border entire or variously notched and laciniated snow-white
pulverulent. Pers. Syn. p. 674. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 194.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 227. Baxt. I exs. n. SO.— Fez. mar-
ffinata, With. v. 4. p. 308. Sow. t. 16. — Melmiostroma fusari-
oides, Corda in St. Deutsch. Fl. t. 61. — Lycoperdon radiatum,
Linn. Sp. Plant, v. 4. p. 6'24.

On wood, branches, twigs, stems of herbaceous plants, S:c. Aut. —
Spring. Common.

3. *S'. pallida, Pers. (pallid Stictis) ; gregarious immersed
punctiform pallid, orifice subconnivent subelliptic. Pers. Obs. 2.
p. 74. t. G.f. 7. (fde Fr.) Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 196. Scler.
Suec. ! n. 275 — Pez. punctiformis, Pers. Syn. p. 674.

On wood. Appin, Captain Carmichacl. — Scattered, minute, elliptic
or subrotund ; two individuals sometimes growing close together and
having a conmion partition ; yellowish, surrounded by a narrow spurious
border of the same colour. The wood on which it grows is white, but
I do not perceive any peculiar discoloration round the orifice.

4. a5>. Sicrostoma, Carm. (dot-mouthed Stictis) ; very minute
punctiform prominent blackish, opening with a minute round or
subelliptic orifice. Carm. MSS.

On wood. Appin, Captain Carmichacl Scattered ; at first nearly

white, with a minute orifice, round which it gradually assumes a darker
hue, and at length, under a high magnifier, appears when moist of a
subolivaceous black. Kesembling a minute Sj>h(cria, and apparently
distinct from S. hcmispharica, Fr.

5. S. paralUla, Fr. (parallel Stictis); erumpent linear at
first closed, then open, disc reddish-brown obliterating the
margin black when dry. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 197. Scler,

Suec. ! n. 95. Grcv. in Loud, llort. Ihit. p. 455 Ifyst. ahie-

tinum, Pers. Syfi. p. 10].

On dead fir-wood. Probably very common, though apparently hitherto
only observed by JJr. (ircvillc. the hiibit is that olj/i/stcrinni, but if
attention be paid to the chanictcr given above, there will be little
danger of mistaking the plant intended.

6. S. Idnga, Fr. (elongated Stictis) ; scattered immersed sur-
rounded by the prominent wood very long, attemiated at either
end, open througli its whole lengtli. Fr. Lid. Alfh. p. 105.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 594. J/ystcrium longum, Pers. Syn. p. 99.

On wood. Scotland, Hook. 11- rh. — "Very long, about \\ line.
Black, livid within, half immersed in the \NOod. Sometimes 2 — 3
specimens arc confluent." Vers. I. c.

214 FUNGI. [Gyphella.

35. Cryptomyces. Grev, Cryptomyces.
Ilymenium even, irregular, at lengtli exposed. Cup obli-
terated. Asci large, accompanied by parapki/ses. Sporidia
large, containing sporidiola. — Named from xgu-rrw, to conceal^
and fj.v'/.7i;, a fungus.

1. C, Wduc/iii, Grev. (loillow Cryptomyces) ; broad suborbi-
cular olivaceous, at length nearly black. Grev.! Sc. Crypt. FL
t. 20G. Ft. El. v. 2. p. 27.

On willow-branches. Foxhall near Edinburgh, Caj^t. Wauch.-^
Bursting forth in patches, from a few hnes to near an inch in breadth,
and surrounded by the torn bark. Reviving perfectly on application of
moisture, so that the large asci with their e[W\iiic sporidia may be easily
observed. This plant resembles greatly Bhytisma maximum, Fr.
The epidermis, however, is here thrown off by the growing parasite,
not to n)ention the great difference of structure. Still it is curious that
there are decided traces of the wliite stratum which is so remarkable
in R. salicinum, a state of which is figured by Sowerby under the name
of Spharia aurea, whose figure as far as it goes is excellent, though
necessarily imperfect ; it has no similarity to Sphmna Jiavo-virens, to
which Fries has, though doubtfully, referred it.

2. C. versicolor, Fr. (various -coloured Cryptomyces); im-
mersed oblong or angular furnished with a laciniated spurious
margin, disc at length farinaceous. — Stictis versicolor, Fr. SysL
Myc. V. 2. p. 198. ScIpt. Sued lu 276.— «. disc white, at
length blackish. Hysterium fagineum, Pers. Syn. p. XXVIII.
— Tremella saligna, Alb. S)- Schiv. Consp. t. 9. /. 7. — c. disc
green. Hyst. viride, Fr. Obs. 1. /9. \9b.— -Stictis versicolor, |S,
viridis, Scler. Succ. ! n. 435. Stictis nigrita, Carm. MSS,

On. wood. a. Very common, c. Appin, CajJt. Carnnchael. — The
hymeniiim resembles a small portion of a transverse slice of the albu-
men of a cocoa-nut, when it has been exposed a short time to the
air. The asci are large, the sporidia ratlier large, oblong, containing
two or more sporidiola, and there are evider.t slender paraphyses when
the plant is perfect. If Cryptomyces WaucJiii is to be considered as
belonging to a genus distinct from Stictis, for which there are very good
grounds, by parity of reasoning the present species must be removed,
and as it appears to me, it may very properly find a place in Dr.
Greville's genus Cryptomyces, the difference being only such as arises
from the different nature of the matrix : in the one case, the parasite
insinuating itself as it were between the distinct strata, the border is
formed by the mere epidermis ; in the other case, when the plant origi-
nates in a comparatively homogeneous substance, the portion of wood
which covers the incipient fungus, acquires a sort of spurious organiza-
tion, and hence, when it bursts, forms around the hymenium a border,
which can be considered neither as a mere pellicle of wood, nor as a
true excipidum.

36. Cyphella. Fr. Cyphella.

Cup concave, pendulous ; sporidia separating like dust. Asci
none. — Named from Ki/fgX?.©!', a cw/),.

Tremella.] ruNGi; 215

1. C cuticnlosa, Dicks, (shinny Cijphella) ; minute sessile
diaplianous wliite at first oblong, then cup-sliaped. Fr. Syst.
Myc.v. 2. p, 201. — Pez, cuticu/osa, Dichs. Crypt. Fasc. 3. p.
22. L 9./ II. With. V. 4. /;. 307. Ptirt. v. 3. n. 1501.

On decayed grass. Oct. — Feb. Rare. First foinid by Mr. Forster.
— Another species exists in the Appin collection, but it is not in a
sufficiently good condition to determine it accurately.

V. TRp:iViELLiNr. Receptacle various in form, of a more or
less gelatinous substance. Sporidiafree* at length bursting forth.

37. TRt.-MELLA. Dill. Tremella.
Receptacle gelatinous, homog-eneous, bearing" fruit all round,
destitute of papilla?. Sporidia subemergent. — Named from
tremo, to shake.

1. T. fimbridta, Pers. (fringed Tremella) ; clustered erect
wrinkled at length black, lobes flaccid their n^iargins incised and
undulato-fimbriate. Pers. Syn. p. 626. Myc. Fur. 1. p..
103. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 212. — 7>. tinctorin, Pers. Myc.
Fur. I. p. id I. Chcv. Par. v. 1. ;;. 95.-7'. verticalis, Bull. C.
272.

On trunks of trees, branches, i!cc. Autumn. Sowerb//. — Specimens
of this species are containeil in Mr. Sowerb} 's Ilerbiuium, without any
label attached. On the authorityof these, it is admitted as British ;
there being no reason to believe that they are of foreign growth. On
being placed in water, they almost immediately give out a fine yellowish-
brown tinge.

2. T. folldcca, Pers. (leaf like Tremella) ; clustered even
pellucid undulated, of a flesh colour strongly tinged with cin-
namon, plicate at the base. Pers. Syn. p. 626. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 212. Pull. t. 400. /. A. a. — 3. violascens ; smaller
purple, at length violet. Alb. S)- Schw. Consp. p. 303.

On stumps of tree-;. /3. Southsvick, Norths., Ra\ M. J. Bcrhdcy. —
Of a soft gelatinous consistence, almost watery within.

3. T. ferruginca, Smith, (plaited rusty Tremella) ; sessile
gyroso- plicate deep red-l)rowu. J'^ng. Pot. t. 1452. With. v.
4. p. 69. I/ooh. Fl. Scot. 2. ;;. 32.-7'. badi(f, Cher. Par. v. 1.
p. 95. t. l.f 8.

On dead wood. T/ikenliain, Norfolk, Mr. Crowe. Helensburgh,
Duml)nrtonshire, llophirh. — "Pliable and tender, becoming tliin, slirivel-
Icd and shapelcNS when dry ; reviving, though imperfectly on tlie rcap-
plication of moistm-p. Sr/fments obtuse, lol)cd an{l w aved, surf ice finely
pubesrent or granulated, the granulations pale, giving the plant a velvet-
like ylos".-, wiili brown irregular specks, perhaps of fructification among,
them." Sm. I. c. Notwillistanding the apparent ili,scre()ancy as to one

• III Trrinrlla nUnilit, however, I have obspivnl distinct sulii;lol>osc asci^ and
I have rea^ioii to believe that they exist in at ifUMt one oihiT Ni>et-ies.

216 FUNGI. [Tremella.

point, in the accounts of Smith and Chevallier, I cannot help regarding
them as having the same production in view. Chevallier describes his
plant as " lisse^' while Smith's is finely pubescent or granulated. In
every other respect they agree, especially in not communicating any
colour to water in which they are macerated. Fries has taken no
notice of either, so far as I can discover, even in his latest publication.

4. T, mesenterica, Retz. (^orange Treinella) ; rather tough
twisted lobed and plicate orange-yellow. Retz, in Vet, Act,
Hand, 1769. p. 249. {Jide Fr,). Eng. Bot. t, 709. With, v.
4. p, 69. Purt. V, 2 4' 3. n. 882. Fr, Syst, Myc. v. 2. p,
214. Grev. Fl, Ed, p. 426.— -T. chrysocoma, Bull t, 174.

On branches, sticks, &c. ; all the year. Frequent. — Varying con-
.siderably in size and form ; sometimes quite flat and thin, but generally
ascending and strongly lobed and plicate; when full grown, consisting
of branched easily discernible filaments, towards the apices of which is
a dense stratum of roundish very minute sporides. — A small round
discoid Tremella occurs not unfrequently in the hollow stumps of
felled trees, which has the same curved sporidla as are figured in 2V.
albida, Eng. Bot.. with a few smaller round ones interspersed ; but
Avhether contained within the larger ones at first or not, I am unable
to say. I have found the same production on Furze, a plant on which
T. mesenterica abounds. This I suppose must prove the var. disci-
formis, Fr. If not an early stage of 2\ mesenterica, which, however,
it can scarcely be, it must be considered as distinct. I have not at
present an opportunity of sufficient investigation of the subject, and in
no division of Fungi is it less desirable to publish new species with
vague characters, than in that of TremclUni.

5. T, cerehrina, Bull, (brain-like Tremella); tough undu-
lated somewliat gyrose dirty-white. Bull, t, 386. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2, p. 215.

On dead wood, branches, &c. Winter and spring. Much more
uncommon than the following species. — I feel certain that the plant
figured by Bulliard is quite distinct from that of Smith in Fiig. Bot.
It is much more compact in its mode of growth, exactly resembling the
brain of some animal, of a tougher substance, and, if I mistake not,
though I do not lay particular stress at present upon the circunistance,
the sporidia instead of being curved like those of Tr. albida, are
broadly elliptic or subglobose, with a distinct narrow border. It
has generally a more or less decided red tinge. T. albida. Smith,
A\-hich is probably the plant intended by Hudson, is fiir less complicated
in its mode of growth and is of a tender consistence ; its sporidia,
which are strongly curved, exactly resemble those o^ Exidia glandulosa^
and I have once observed distinct obovate or subglobose asci.

6. T. albida, Smith, (dirty-ivhite Tremella); tender sessile
dilated slightly lobed and waved the edges obtuse, sporidia
oblong curved. Eng. Bot. t. 2117. Huds. p. 565 ?

On fallen trees, branches, &c. Winter and Spring ; very commorr.

" It bursts through cracks in the bark and then spreads itself in

horizontal or clustered, rounded, obtuse, scolloped masses, white, semi-
pellucid, extremely gelatinous and tender when young ; afterwards
turning yellowish." Sm. I. c. The above description exactly accords

Exidia.] FUNGI. 217

with my plant, as does the figure of the sporidia. I have once seen
specimens of a small white opaque nucleus at the base, exactly as in
Ncematelia nucleata. All the specimens, however, on the stick had
not the nucleus, and similar bodies are sometimes found inunersed in
other parts of the frond. I do not find these to consist of masses of
sporidia, as figured, possibly by some mistake, by Sowerby.

7. T. iidi(mesc€?is, Smith, (hroimi tumid TremtUa) ; "sessile
clustered twisted tumid brown shining and gelatinous, when
dry thin and membranous." Eng. Bot. t. 1^70. With, v, 4.
p. 71. Fr. Sf/st. Myc. v. 2. p. 215. Hoolu FL Scot. 2. p. 32.

On beech-wood. St. Leonard's forest, Sussex, Mr. Borrer. Car-
niyle, Hophirk. — " In perfection in very wet weather only, when it
forms numerous soft and pulpy clusters, twisted and tumid like the in-
testines of some animal, of a darkish dull brown, but with a shining
surface, obscurely dotted. Inside paler and almost white, except that
when cut longitudinally brown vertical streaks are discernible near the
surface." Sm. I. c. I am inclined to think that this is one of the various
forms oi Exidia glandulosa. At least I have found on a felled decor-
ticated oak, a production so similar, that 1 cannot but think it identical,
uhich I am pretty certain is a barren or immature form of that plant. It
differs only from the figure and description in Eur/. But. in being of a
deep cinereous tinge, verging upon black.

8. T. sarcoides, With. {fiesh-Hke TremeUa) ; clustered soft
viscid of a purplish flesli-colour at first clavate, at length com-
pressed lobed and plicate. With. v. 4. p. 68. Eng. Bot. t.
2450. Furt. v. 2. n. 885 {in part). Fr. Sijst. Mtjc. v. 2. p.

217. Grev. FL Ed. p. 427 Helv. sarcoides, Bolt. ^ 101. /

2.— r. amethijstca, Bidl. t. 499./. 5.

On stumps of trees, &c. Winter ; frequent—Distinguishable at once
on analysis from Bidgaria sarcoides, by its minute oblong and some-
tin)es curved, free sporidia. T. amtthystea, With., though some of
the synonyms belong to the present species, is apparently B. sarcoides,

9. T. clavdta, Pers. {chih-shaped TremeUa) ; solitary simplff,
apex incrassated flesh-coloured inclining to red, base blackish.
Fers. Ic. pict. t. 10./. 2. Fr. Syst. j\Iyc. v. 2. p. 218.

On rotten wood. Appin, Capt. Carmic/iaet.— Xhout 1 inch high.
2 lines broad, blackish below and slightly twisted. Capt. Carniichaers
specimens exactly correspond with Persoon's figure, but 1 am doubtful
whether his plant is entitled to rank as a species.

38. Exidia. Fr. Exidia.

Fcccptaclc gelatinous, homogeneous, covered above only with
the papillate* hymcnium. Sporidia at length bursting forth
€'lastically. — Named from cxudo, to exude.

1. E. Auricula Judtc, Linn. (Jew's Ears) ; sessile concave
flexuous venoso-plicate w ithout and within, beneatli subtomen-
tose olive-cinereous. Fr. Syst. Nye. v. 2. p. 221. Moug. ^■
Nest. ! cxs. n. 993. TremeUa Anr. Jud. Liuu. Sp. Flant. 1625.

• In some species, however, the papilUe are very ol'scure.

218 FUNGI. [NcBmatelia,

Pers. Syyi. p. 624.7^/-. Syst Myc. v. 2. p. 221. — Peziza Auricula ^
Lm?i. Si/St. Veg. 1 5. ;?. 1 0 1 8. Lightf, FL Scot. p. 1 054. With,

V. 4. p. 308 b. reddish-brown. Bull, t, 4.21. f. 2. Eng. Bot,

t. 2447.

On living trees, especially elder. Early autumn and winter ; not un-
common.— Plant 1 — 3 inches or more broad. Upper substance corru-
gated, the plaits branching from the middle part where they are strongest
and somewhat convoluted, so as to give an idea of a human ear. When
the plant grows on a perpendicular stump or tree, it turns upwards."
Sm. I. c. The last circumstance shows the essential difference between
the present plant and Phlehia 7nesenterica, which otherwise would
seem to claim a place in this genus, for the absence of papillae could
scarcely be supposed of sufficient importance to exclude it. The ten-
dency in the lower Pileati is always to turn the hymenium away from
the light, thus approaching a step nearer to the normal form. This, or
some very nearly allied species, occurs also in tropical climates.

2. E. recisa, Ditm. (reddish-broum Exidia) ; very soft trun-
cate plane or somewliat repand reddish-brown punctato-sca-
brous beneath, stem very short excentric oblique. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p. 223. T. recisa, Ditm. m St. Deutschs. FL t. 13.

— 7; bohtiformis, Eng. Bot. t. 1819. Purt. v, 2 4- 3. n. 887.
^Pez. gclatinosa, Bull. t. 460./ 2. Pers. Syn. p. 633.

On dry dead branches of Sallows, often while yet attached to the
tree. Autumn and winter; common. — About 1 inch broad. Sporidia
oblong, obtuse, curved, exactly resembling those of T. albida.

3. P. glandulosa, Bull. {Witches Butter); effused more or
less plane thick undulated, at length black, hymenium beset
with conical spicules, beneath cinereous subtomentose. Fr,

Sijst. Myc. V. 2. p. 224 Tr, glandulosa, Bull. t. 420. /. 1.—

t. arborea, Eng. Bot. t. 2448. With. v. 4, p. 67. Purt. v. 2.

4- 3. 71. 884. Hook, Fl. Scot. 2. p.S]. Grev. FL Ed. p. 427.

— T. spiculosa, Pers. Syn, p. 624. 3Ioug. 8)- Nest! exs. n. 395.
^T.flaccida, Eng. Bot. t. 2452.

On trunks and branches of trees, especially ash. Autumn and win-
ter ; frequent.— Varying in colour from whitish to brown and deep
cinereous, at length black. Generally somewhat^ turbinate, slightly
plicate below, much wrinkled above ; sometimes thin. Substance ten-
der within, firmer towards the hymenium, composed of gelatine inter-
laced with very slender branchedj?/awe;?^5, indistinctly moniliform under
a high magnifier, covered with oblong obtuse curved 5/;»o?7£/m between the
conical sp'icules, which are frequently surmounted with a glandular white
globule. Beneath, rough like crape, with minute parallel^ papillae.
Brown specimens, which now and then occur, may be distinguished
from the foregoing species, by the more highly developed spicules. T.
faccida, Eng. Bot. is a very curious drooping variety.

39. N^MATELiA. Fr, Nsematelia.
Receptacle gelatinous, surrounding an heterogenous compact
nucleus. Sporidia bursting forth. — Named from i^rj/^a, gelatine^
and s/Asw, to involve.

Dacrymyccs. ] FUNGI. 219

1. N. encephala, Willd. (common Ncematelia) ; nearly sessile
pulvinate plicato-rugose pallid flesh-colour, at lengtli brownish.
Fr. Syst. ISLjc. v. 2. p. 2-27. Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 456 — T,
encephala, Willd. in Bot. Mag, 1. t. 4./. 14. {fide Fr.). Alb.^-
Sc/iw. Consp. p. 301.

On pine wood. Apj)in, Cupt. Carmichael.—" Solitary or clustered
mere or less pulvinate, 4 — G lines broad and thick, firm. When fresh
of a dead flesh colour, when dry reddish-brown : nucleus large, hard,
white, base stem-like." Fr. I. c. The specimens referred to the present
species were undetermined, and I am not therefore able to assert posi-
tively that it is what is intended by authors: the nucleus is more than
twice as large as in N. nvcleata, Schwetn. Besides this authority for
its admission into the British Flora, there is that of the editor of the
Fun{^i in* Loudon's Hortus Britunnicus.

40. Dacrymyces. Necs. Dacryrayces.
Receptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, filled within with sub-
erect ^occ/, and inspersed sporidia. Named from du-/.pv, a tearj
and /JLVAT)',, afimgics,

1. Z). morifdrmis, Smith, {Midherry Dacrymyccs) ; clustered
into a globular form, sinuated black opaque fleshy, within deep
purple. Fr. St/st. jSIyc. v. 2. p. 229. — 7V. moriformis, Eng.
Bot. t. 2446. iVilh. v. 4. ;;. G7. Part. v. 2. n. 888.

On exposed wrought wood and sticks. Summer and early autumn.
Between Hoodly gate and Measham, Surrey, Mr. C. E. Sutcerby.
Gorcot llall, Purton. — '* Sessile, in roundish or oblong tumid sinuous
masses of various size, not unlike mulberries in a[)pearance, except
being coal-black. Internally of a rich deep purple. Substance fleshy,
attached by strong central roots. When dried between paper, a violet
stain is conmiunicated to whatever the plant touches." Sm. I. c. Placed
by Fries in the genus Dacri/nujccs and conse([uently retained in that
genus here; but in the absence of all information as to its structure,
it ap[)ears to me to be much more probably a true TrcnicUa.

2. D. violdceus, Relh. (violet Dacrymyccs) ; small compact
somewhat compressed gyrose violet. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p..
259. — I/elv. violacea, Rtlh. ed. 3. p. 552. — Tr. violacca, Wit/t.
T. 4. p. 72. Pers. Syn. p. 623.

• I t:\K.- tilt' jiivscut opp.irtuiiity of statin?; that it is from no iiisunicieiit
api)r«'ii,ition u\ the valiiiMif thu list of Fniini roiitaiiu-d in Lmitlon's ext^ellent
Ilort'ia Jlritauhirns. tliat I have not unifmrnly fiitcnd in tlnir jdaccs siarics
wliich rtst uuon its aiilhority ulone. JJut as lh«M»' is no ostensilth' imtxiu
an»jn«MaliIr fur its inrlivi«lual forrt-ctness, though its t;«'n«'ral rturt'ctnoss is
hcyond nil donlit, and as 1 am nwan? that in the list thtre arc sevnal sjunries
which \\. re entncd l.y l)v. (ireville, thron^^h \> liose hands it passed, on uiJT
own anthoiiiy, some of whi.h a fuller knowlediro of the snl«je.t has c.nvinn'd
inr were wroii;;ly determined, and the same thini; may have taken jdace in
<ither rases, 1 have thought it on the whole not de>iriihl»« to insert species nii-
sup|K>rte<i hv any express anthority. 'Mie number, however, omitted is very
small. \\ h'ere Jjeiora apjn ar, of" which 1 have either gathered no »i>eries
myself", or possess no specimens collected l»y <»thers, 1 have tleviated Irom my
rnlp. Ill its «)wn. province, .Mr. London's list must always he v.-\ltinble, m
giving a fair, though nccfssnrily imperfect, sketch, of British Mycologjr.

220 FUNGI. [Pyrenium.

On trunks of "pear and apple trees." Fr. Cambridgeshire, Relhan.

'* Erumpent, gregarious, 3 — 4 lines long, 1 line thick, black when

dry." Fr. I. c. " Very much like the tartar of port-wine." Helh. I, c.

3. D. stilldtusy Nees, {common Daa^ymyces) ; roundish con-
vex at length plicate yellow then orange. Fr. Syst, Myc, v.
2. p. 230. Scler. Suec, ! n. 296. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 139.
—Tr. deliquescens, Bull. t. 455./. 3. WM. v. 5. p. 69. Purt.
V. 3. n. 1423. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 427. — T. lacrymalis, Pers.
Syn. p. 628.

On wood, especially of fir. Frequent.— Consisting of suberect, rather
thick, irregular, branched filaments, articulated above ; among which,
everywhere the sporidia are dispersed. It appears from the account
of Fries in the Elenchus, v. 2, that Nees,/ 90, had principally in view
Dacr. tortus, Wdld. ; his figure consequently differs somewhat from the
very accurate one of Dr. Greville. The comparatively large, obtuse,
jointed threads, will at once distinguish this from small specimens of
Tr. mesenterica, not to mention the soft and pulpy consistence,

41. Agyrium. Fr. Agyrium.

Peceptacle convex or spherical, even, compact, wax-like,
when moist gelatinous, at length breaking up into sporidia. —
Named from «, without^ and yvoa;^ a ivrinkle,

1. A. rufum, Pers. (red Agyrium) ; gregarious convex or
spherical compact, M'hen moist flesh-coloured, Avhen dry red-
brown. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 232. Scler. Stiec. ! n. 280.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 2S'2.— Stictis rvfa, Pers. 06s. 2. t. 6.f.
6. (fde Fr.) Tremella stictis, Pers. Syn. p. 028.

On old dry wood, especially of fir. Appin, Capt. Carmichael. —
About ^ of a line broad, often seated on a whitish spot.

42. Hymenula. Fr. Hymenula.

Beceptacle scarcely distinguishable from the hymerdum^ flat,
adnate, even, of a soft coriaceous consistence very thin persis-
tent.— Name, •j,a?ji', a membrane.

1. H. vulgaris^ Fr. (common Hymenula) ; elongated varia-
ble even pallid brown when dry, circumference adnate. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 234. Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 486.

On nettle stems. Introduced on the authority of Hort. Brit.

VI. ScLEROTiACEi.* (From Sclerotium.) Peceptacle various
more or less compactly fleshy. Sporidia free, subemergent.

43. Pyrenium. Tode. Pyrenium.

More or less globose, rootless ; outer coat even of a fila-

* I am inclined to think that the correct «* ideal notion" (see Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 269.) of Sclerotiacei is not that of concrete Coniomycetes, but rather of
Hyphomycetes. Several species of Sclerotium, not to mention Pyrenium, have
beyond all doubt a distinctly filamentous structure, and Sclerotium varium

Sclerotium.] FUNGI. 221

raentous structure ; filled with a softer substance, at length more
or less hollow. — Named from -rys^jy, a fruit-sto?ie.

1. P. ligndtile, Fr. (reddish-tvhite Pyrenium) ; subglobose
always hollow, mostly somewhat lobed pallid yellowish or
reddish-white. Fr. El. 2. p. 39. Grev. Scot. Crypt. FL
t. 276.

On rotten wood, trunks of dead trees, &c. Appin, Capt. Carmichael.
Scotland, Dr. GreviUe. I hav'C not had an opportunity of examining
any individual of this genus, but it appears a true member of the
Sdcrotiacely connecting them admirably with Tremellini.

44. AcROSPER^ruM. Tode. Acrospermum.

Elongate, subclavate, subcartilaginous, within subhomogene-
ous ; apex at length somewhat tumid and pruinose from the
sporidia. — Named from uxpo;, the top, and <rT=f/xa, seed.

1. A. compressumf Tode, (little black Acrosp>ermum) ; lanceo-
late or clavate somewhat compressed of an olivaceous black.
Tode, Fung. Meek. t. 2./. 1 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 245. Scler.
Sued n. 427. Grcv. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 182. ^Clav. herbarum,
Pers. Comm. t. 3. /. 4. Sow. t. 253. — Scleroglossum lanceola-
turn, Moug, ^ Nest.! exs. n. 671 — Clav. compressa, Purt. v. 3.
71. 1587. t. 19./. 3.

On dry stalks of herbaceous plants ; not common. Lasswade, Dr.
GreviUe. Devonshire, Mr. Gihbs. Shotover Hill, Mr. Baxter. —
Plant 1^ — 2 lines liiL'h, at length concentrically grooved at the apex ;
when dry longitudinally sulcata and sometimes twisted.

2. A. comulwn, Fr. (Jiorn'shaped Acrospermum) ; horn-shaped
even sulcate when dry red-brown, at length paler at the tip.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 246. — Scl. coniutum, Fr. Obs. Myc. v.
I. p. 205. — Radix Ag. tuberosi, Bull. Bolt. Grev. I. c.

On the gills of blackened Afjurics ; not uncommon — Often serving
as a matrix to A[/aricus fuberosits, which also grows on other Scleroti'
acei. " Gregarious between awl-shaped and conic ; curved, o — o lines
long, obtuse below, acute above." Fr. I. c.

45. ScLEKuTiTM. Tode. Sclerotium.

^^ore or less round, rootless, covered with a thin bark-like
epidermis, bearing fruit (but rarely), all round. — Named from
cx>.ri00',i kard.

1. S. complanatuWy Tode, (compressed Sclerotium) ; erect,
stipitate or alnu)^t steuiless obovate compressed, at first whitis!»
then pale-brown, white within. Tode, Fung. Mtck. t. I. /. 9.

r>]u'X\ young, is altogcthor a i-oiulonspd Spnrotr'uhnm, and when abort !vo from
:i suddfii cU'licit'iicy of inoistiirr, assumes thf usual appoaranri' ot that ^jimius.
'I'hf cpiplivtal Svlenitin, wliirli ahnosl appi-ar to bf alxtrtiv** Undines, may
rons«'(jii»'ntly, if my notion he correct, be but little allied to tlie more highly
Ucvelo])ed species.

2*22 ruNGi. [Sdei'otium.

Pers. Syn. p, 121. Nees, Syst. f. 140. Fr. Syst. Mijc, v. 2.
p. 248. Desm. ! exs. n. 5-36 — Clavaria polymorplia, Sow. t 276.
On fallen leaves, especially those of elm. Autumn and winter; very
common. — Erect, attached at the base only in a single point, compress-
ed, obovate, sometimes lobed, at first white, then yellowish-brown very
smooth ; substance within loo:?e, externally compact, consisting of
branched intricate filaments with intermixed minute round sporidia.
Epidermis under a high magnifier, and viewed by transmitted light,
marked with curious gyrose lines, resembling somewhat the outlines of
the concamerations in some Ammonites, when dry slightly pruinose
from the sporidia. I do not find it stipitale, but only tapering at the base,
by which it is very loosely attached. I am quite certain that my plant
is the same as Sowerby's though his figure is quoted by Fries under
Pistillaria ohovata.

2. S. scutelldtiun, A. & S. {shield-like Sclerotium) ; horizontal
slightly stipitate orbicular depressed brown, white within. Alb.
^ Schw. Consp. t. 3./. 6. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 249. Grev.
Sc. Crypt Fit. 144./ 1.

On the veins and petioles of leaves. Spring. Vo^\\Q\\,Capt. Wauch.--
There is apparently the same species growing on paper in Mr. Sowerby's
Herbarium. " Gregarious, orbicular, uuich depressed, attached by a
central point or minute tuft of filaments beneath. Pale when young,
at length deep brown, and eventually nearly black, white within. Surface
smootli. Substance extremely tough. It has a remarkably strong
smell for so small a plant, resembling that of the larger Fungi." Grev.
I. c. This must not be confounded with certain galls of very similar
form, which sometimes occur on oak-leaves.

3. S. Semen, Tode, {Cahhage-seed Sclerotium) ; free at length
quite spherical dirty white, then yellowish-brown, then dark-
brown, at length black and corrugated, white within. Tode,
Fung. Meek. t.f. 7. Pers. Syn. j^. 123. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 249. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 144./. 2. — Sphmria Brassiccs,
Bolt. t. 114./. 2. Sow. t. 393./ 3.

On leaves, stems of herbaceous plants, damp cord. Sec, common.
Winter and spring.— I can find no difference at all between the plant when
growing on cabbages, and when growing on various other substances.
The flesh is equally white in either case ; and sometimes immersed,
sometimes quite free. When produced in a contracted furrow, it is
occasionally obovate and compressed, and with difficulty distinguishable
from Sclerotium Complanatum, were it not for the absence of the
minute wavy lines on the epidermis. The plant published by Fries,
Scler. Suec"! n. 68, differs from any British specimens! have seen, in
being subdiaphanous, so that when a strong light shines upon it, a
luminous yellowish spot is formed on any substance upon which it is
placed. Authentic specimens of Sph. Brassicce, Dicks., prove Scl. varium.

4. S. quercigeman, Berk. {Oak-trunk Sclerotium) ; globoso-
depressed umbilicated beneath, attaciied by a few obsolete
short fibres so as to be almost loose, white, then bright red-
brown at length black, white within, corrugated when dry.

On decorticated felled oaks, blackened with Cladosporium herbarwn.

Sderotium.] rUNGl. 223

Jan. Apethorpe, Norths., Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Quite free, never
covered with the fibres of the matrix. Much reseinhiing the last, but
differing in being ahuost constantly de[)res.scd and unibilicated beneath ;
occasionally there is a dimple above, when it resembles Scl. scutellatam.
The epidermis is very thin, quite sniooth and even in the growing plant,
of a bright red-brown just before maturity, which viewed by transmitted
light is almost brick-red. 1 can find no described si)ecies according
with this. S. emergens appears to resemble it niost, but then this is
expressly described as never depressed or pc zizoid. The trees on which
it grew were lying under a north wall, so that there was a deficiency of
light, while the moisture was not readily dried up, and the blackened
surface retained all reflected heat, thus calling to mind the circumstances
under wiiich Agaricus volvaceus assumes th.e form of a Sclerotium.*
( Sderotium Mijcetospora).

5. S. fungorum, Pers. (irregular Sderotium) ; of no deter-
minate form lobed smootli pallid, at length tawny, dirty-white
within. Pers. Syn. p. 120. Fr. Syst. Mt/c. v. 2. p. 252.

On the gills of blackened Agarics, often serving as a matrix to Ag.
tuberosus. Autunm ; conmion. — " At length deep-brown and blackish,
very various in form, sometimes subrotund, even or lacunose." Fr. I. c.
— /S. lacunosum; hard, lacunose, black, subterraneous. Pers. Syn.
p. 121. — Ag. racemosus, Sow. t. 287, was gathered hastily, and is there-
fore figured without its matrix, which is doubtless referrible to this
variety. Perhaps the Sderotium upon which Pcz. tuherosa grows, is,
as Sowerby supposes, the same species. Sd. suhterraneum, Tode, i. 1.
f. 5. e. appears also refierrible here.

6. S. mnscorum, Pers. (oraugc Sderotium) ; of no deter-
minate form lobed smooth, tuberculated orange without and
within. Pers. Syn. p. 120. Fr. Syst. JSIyc. v. 2. p. 252.
Grev. FLF(I.p.4Ql. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 101— .S". subtcrrcmcum,
Tode, t.f, 5. a. b.

On the decayed stems of mosses, principally confined to the lower
parts, and according to Greville, on the trunks of trees beneath the
surface of the soil when it is |)ale ami whitish within. Aut.— Spring.
Frequent in alpine and subalpinc districts. — I find the wiiole substance
com[)Osed of interlacing, almost reticulated filaments, without any ves-
tige of Sporidia. When dry, it is of a briidit saftion, the inner sub-
stance being o[)nquc, but this on being moistened loses its opacity.
Rhizoctonia muscorum, which in its dry state is scarcely distinguishable
fronj the present species, a[)pears to differ principally in the prcseticc of
more per.sistent mucedinous filaments.

7. S. rdrimn, Pers. (vnri(d)le Sderotium); sn])rotiind or
oLlong varial)le in form snbadnate rugor^e white tlien brownish,
at lentrth black. Pers. Syn. p. 122. Nees, Syst. f. ^'3^'. Fr.
Syst. \Myr. v. 2. p. 258.' iMoug. .^' Nest. ! exs. v. SS\).—Fh'.
lirassivic, Ilofl'nt. Wg. (.'ry/>f. '2. t. b. f. 'I. — SiiIkci in Prasstctc,
Dids. ! Crypt. \. p.'ld.—Sd. JJuudy Purt. MSS.

• 'i'lie Ktriictiiio of tilt- reccftiicle in llv'iicnnnn/cf/is ln'int «•( ifaiiily tilainrn-
touH, (<oiuivt«' IIi,i>/ii>,i.i/nt,s) ail a<lditioiial m j^uiiu'iit is 1h re ju tbciitcd in
favour of the view taken in the jireceding nute.

2-24 FUNGI. [Sclerotium,

On carrots, parsneps, cabbages, &c., pitted for winter use, but also
on still living stems of herbaceous plants, as Helianthics tuberosus ;
not uncommon. — From 2 — 3 lines to 1 inch broad, 2 — 3 lines thick, at
first white and tomentose, gradually becoming smooth, though often
retaining some traces of downiness, and changing to brown and black,
rugose when old ; white within, consisting of branched filaments, which
towards their apices anastomose and form 4 — 5-sided reticulations, the
interstices of which are filled up with tiie black epidermis. I can-
not distinguish from this a Sclerotium, which grows on apples, though
more innate. The present species when young approaches very near to
Feriolci tomentosa, Fr., which occurs not only on Potatoes, but also
on stems of herbaceous j)lants. In like manner also the variety on
apples appears to approach very nearly when young to Periola fur--
furacea, except that it is not black within.

8. *S'. pijrinum, Fr. {fruit Sclerotium) ; rounded or oblong
sometimes confluent white at length brown or black, corneous
externally? within somewhat hollow and carnose. Fr, Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p, 258.— S. fructuum, Grev. FL Ed. p. 462.— .'*Sc.
varium, (SiS, Alb, S)- Sclnv. Consp, p, 75. — Sr, ustulatay Bull,
t. 420./ 2.

On various fruits, as apples, pears, peaches, &c. Balmuto, Dr.
Greville. — " Plant 1 — 2 lines broad, corneous on the external surface
only ; within soft, juicy, and partly hollow, which in drying causes a
collapse of the plant, and somewhat of a tremelloid character." Grev,
I. c. See also Fr. EL 2. p. 44.

9. S.Eiibi, Carm. (Bramble Sclerotium) ; rather thin, adnata,
apparently globoso-depressed from the inflation of the leaf
beneath, white, then brown, at length black punctato-rugose
white within. Carm, 3ISS,

On bramble leaves. Appin, Captain Carmichacl. — This very sin-
gular and undoubted Sclerotium grows indifferently on the under and
upper side of bramble leaves, adnate, covered at first with the epidermis,
so that when on the under side, it is woolly with the pubescence of the
leaf. At first sight it much resembles a gall, the portion of the leaf on
which it vegetates being inflated, as in Erineum Jwjlandis, DC.

10. S, bulldtumy DC. (Jbullate Sclerotium); orbicular or
ovate confluent convex granulated, flesh within whitish. Dec,
Mem, Mus. v, 2. t, 14. /. 5. Fr, Syst, Myc, v, 1. p. 259.
Grev. FL Ed, p. 462.

On decaying gourds and cucumbers. Autunm. Foxhall, Captain
Waufjh. — 1 believe however that it is not uncommon. My specimens
are blackish within both when growing and dry.

11. S. durum, Pers. (common black Sclerotium'); adnate
or shapeless depressed somewhat striate black dirty-white
within. Pers, Syn. p, \2i, Fr, Syst. Myc, v. 2. p, 259.
Scler, Suec. ! n, 218. Moug, S; Nest, ! exs, n, 489. Grev,
Scot. CrypL FL t, 1. FL Ed. p, 462. Baxter ! exs. n, 98.—
Sphceria solida, Sow.! t, 314. Purt. ! v, 2 ^- 3. n, 1100.—
Sp. tuberosa, Sow, t, 393./. 2.

Sclerotium.] fungi. 225

On decaying stems of herbaceous plants. Autumn — Spring. Ex-
tremely common Varying much in form. In var. /3. Hyacinthi

(S. minutumy Desm.) on the capsules of the Harebell, there are no
striae, evidently from the peculiar situation, for, when it occurs on
the stem, I can see no difference. A species, apparently distinct, has
been gathered on the leaves of Iris Pseudacorus by Captain Car-
michael, subelliptic, irregular, 2 — 3 lines or more long, nearly 1 line
thick, not striate, but rugulose, as indeed is the plant on the Harebell
just mentioned, frecjuently abortive, and then shining and bordered by
a black line, portions of the matrix within the circumscribing line
being unoccujjied and pale. I do not propose it, as distinct, as
I have never gathered it. It is altogether different from Sclerotium
Iridis, Schweinitz.

12. S. Pustula; D.C. (^oak-leaf Sclerotium) ; hypophyllous
hemispherical proniinerit rugulose at length black, within
horny white. Dec. I. c. f. 7. Fr. Sijst. 3Iijc. v. 2. p. 2G0.
— Scler. quercinimii Pers. Si/n. p. I "24. Ic, Pict. f. 18. f. 2.
Grev. Scot. Crijpt. Fl. t. 77. Fl. Ed. p. 4G2. Hook. Scot. 2.

p. 10.

On various leaves, but especially those of oak. Spring and summer ;

not uncommon, particularly in Scotland Plant 1 — 2 lines broad, at

first pale, occasionally two or more individuals become confluent.

13. S. popubieumj Pers. (poplar-leaf Sclerotium); innate
subrotund or angular from several individuals becoming con-
fluent variable convexo-plane greyish-red at length black. Pers.!
Sijn. p. 125. 3Ioug. &> Nest. I cxs. n. SS5.— Scler. Suec. ! n. 139.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 4G3. Part. ! 3ISS.-^S. pojmlinum, Fr. Sysf.
Myc. V. 2. p. 262.

On Aspen leaves; very" frequent Seldom so perfect as the spe-
cimens [)ublished by Fries. In Dr. Hooker's Herbarium, there are
specimens from Dr. Greville of an unnamed Sclerotium, on leaves of
Popiilus bcdsamifcra, which aj)proach very near to -S". arcolatum,
Fr. It is however probably nothing more than a form of the pre-
sent species, of a more gummy appearance from the peculiar nature
of the matrix.

14. S. salicinu?n, D.C. (sallow-leaf Sclerotium) ; Dec. I. c.
f. 8. Moufj. S)- Aest. ! cxs] n. 386. Fr. Syst. Mt/c. v. 2. p.

263. Scler. Sued n. 140. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 462. Purt.!

MSS.

On sallow-leaves. Autumn and winter, common. — '' Rarely more
than half a line broad, but often covering a great part of the leaf, very
depressed, when young aj)pearing like a mere stain." drer. I. c.

15. *S'. herhdrum, Fr. (herb Sclerotium) ; innate subrotund
or oblong confluent convex reddish-brown, then brown-bhn k.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 263. Mouy. 6) Nest. ! n. i)*JO.

Arlary, near Kinross, Dr. ( ^rrrdlc. —Vvics remarks that the forma
of this species are innunierable and that a species of (Wdo answers to
each. Dr. (Jnville's specimens are mixed with an l'rt:do, and in soir.o
cases the Credo bursts through liic centre of the Sclerotium.

Q

228 FUNGI. [Phallus,

45. Periola. Fr. Periola.

Rootless, fleshy, furnished with a persistent villous bark—
Named from crs^/, around, and louXog, down,

1. P. tomentosa, Fr. {tomentose Periola) ; rounded irregular
tomentose white. Fr. Obs. l./>. 205. Syst.Myc. v. 2.p.'2^7,

Oil Potatoes Apetiiorpe and King's Cliife, N9rths., Rev. M. J,

Berkeley.

46. Spermoedia. Fr. Ergot.

Substance suhfarinaceous ; epidermis connate, squamulose or
subpruinose. — Named from c-n'BDjj.a, seed, and sibsco, to resemble.

1. S. Cldvus, D. C. (common Ergot) ; horn-shaped cylindrical
externally subpruinose purple-black, white or sometimes pur-
plish within. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 268. — Scl. clavus, Dec,
I. c. f. 8. — Sphacelia segetum, Kl. Fung. Germ.! exs. n. 56.
Farinaria Poce, Sow. t. 396./. 6.

Produced within the seeds of various Gramina, as Secale, Agrostis,
Dactglis, Festuca, Elymus, kc. Not very common, but diffused in greater
or less abundance tiiroughout the whole of Great Britain. — Not less
celebrated on account of the dreadful diseases which it produces when
abounding amongst corn, than for its invaluable uses as a medicine,
arising from its extraordinary specific action on the uterus. It appears
to be only a diseased state of the grain, and has scarcely a sufficient
claim to be admitted amongst Fungi as a distinct genus. The only way
of deciding the point would be to institute inquiries as to the manner
in which it commences its growth, as Brongniart has done respecting
Uredo Segetum, Ann. des^ Sciences, v. 20. p. 171. The external
coat is suhfarinaceous, and very different from any thing I have seen in
Sclerotium.

Suborder II. Gaster03[YCETES. (from yadrri^,' the belly,
and /Mvy/zig, afujigtis). Hymenium included witJmi the uteriform
excipulum.

Tribe I. Angiogastres (from ayysio'j, a receptacle, and yadrrio,
the belly). Uterus distinct from the included proper receptacle, on
which the Sporidia are spread.

* Phalloide^ (from Phallus). Receptacle distinct, cdlength
bursting through the excipidum. SjJoridia forming a mucous
stratum.

47. Phallus. Mich. Stinkhorn.

Receptacle stipitate, pileiform ; border entire. — Named from
tpy.Xkog.

1. P. impudicus, L. (common Stinkhorn) ; pileus free conical
pervious reticulated, borders of the reticulations nearly entire.
Lin?i. Suec. n. 1261. Bolt. t. 92. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 2. p. 283.
P.fcetidus, Sow. t. 329. With. v. 4. p. 315. Purt. v, 2 S>' 3.

Tuber.]

FUNGI. 227

n. 1054. Hook. Fl. Loud, cum Ic — Grei\ Fl. Ed, p. 41S.
Sc. Crypt. Fit. 2n, 214.

In woods, thickets, Sec. Summer and autumn. Not uncommon :
but frequently, when, from its peculiar odour, it is quite certain that it
is near at hand, it escai)es observation from being covered with leaves

and loose sticks Uterus about as large as a hen's egg, consisting of

two coats distended with jelly, besides which there is another delicate
membrane immediately surrounding the pilcus. Stem rapidly elon-
gated, when full grown 4— G inches high, 1 inch thick hollow, at first
closed at the apex, at length pierced with one or two perforations.

2. P. idsmos, Berk, (violet scented Stinhhorn) ; pala reddish-
grey, pileus free conical reticulated, borders of the reticulations
strongly toothed. FhaUas, Curt. Brit. Ent. v. 10. t. 469.

Sand hills. Lowestoffe. Mr. Curtis. — " Scent somewhat like
violets at a distance when growing, but very olfensive when dried."
Curt. l. c. The above is all the information respecting this apparently
well marked species, which is afibrded by Mr. Curtis in the beautiful
and truly scientific work quoted above. 1 am unable to find any account
of it, though possibly some of the Herbalists may have noticed it.

3. P. canimis, Huds. (red-headed Stinhhorn) ; pileus pressed
close to the stem ovate tubercuhited impervious red but clothed
at first with greenish mucus. Huds. p. 630. Ciut. Lond. t,
235. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 2. p. 284. Ph. ijiodorus, Sow. t. 330.
Purt. V. 2 c^- 3. n. 1055. With. v. 4. p, 316.

Woods and hedges. Autumn. Common in the south of England,
more rare in th.e midland and northern counties, — Uterus about the
size of a hazel-nut. Stem hollow, very pale orange. FUeus covered
with green, scentless mucus, beneath which it is red and wrinkled. This,
like P. impudicus, when placed in the egg state in a box overnight, if
sufficiently advanced, will be found j)erfectly developed in the morning.

(Of this groupe, Phalloide.e, is that most extraordinary Genus
Aseroe, of which, a plant having sprung uj) in the soil from N. Holland
at the Royal Gardens of Kew, it will be proper to characterize briefly
the Genus and Species in a note below.*)

** TuBERACEyT). Sporauf/ia membranaceous scattered on the
serpentine vein-lihe hynicniuniy included in the concrete uterus.
Sporidia at Jirst pulpy.

48. Tuber. Mich. Truffle.
Uterus closed, marbled with veins internally. Sporangia

* AsERuE. La Bill. Aseroe.

Receptacle stipitate, the border rudiate ; liays bifid.

1. A. rubra, l.a Bill, {red Aser'ik) ; JLubillardure Vot/. All. ». 12. Aser'oe
rubra, Fr. Si/st. Mijc.'r. *J. ;». '!'<>.

♦' In soil riom Ni-w llollaml jit Kew." Jlonk. — Stem pervious, pink ; ratja
bright nd, l)irtd, tin- apices attniunted and Mnuewhat finhose ; /it/menium
• oMt'iiifd to a riiifr just above the oiiKin «d' the lavs. S/Hiridia very minute,
oblonn-iUii.tir, sul»Vusitiirnj in the dry jijant ; tiie mass, when moi>ttnrd,
^leinish. In C/nthrus camrllatus the s/jo; /(//a are evi-ii sujalbr, but scarcely
so niurh inrlined to be ru«.irorni. In Sintbliim jicrijiltraijuwidrf, K/ntzsch, in
I/imk. Init. Misc. r. '.]. V. l().j, the fjwridia, ol'\>hich no uccuuul is therv given.,
are largi-r and truly elliptic.

228 FUNGI. [Tuber.

pedicellate, confined to tLe veins — Name, tlie Latin name for
some fungus.

1, T. cibdriuyn, Sibtli. {common Truffle); warty black.
Sihth. Ox. p. 398. With. v. 4. p. 340. Bull. t. 356. Sow.
t. 309. Tratt. Essh. Schw. t. A. Nees, Syst.f. 148. Fr. SysL
Myc. V. 2. p. 290. Roques, t. 24.

Buried in the soil of woods, especially beech woods. Very abun-
dant in some parts of England, rare in Scotland.— Rough, irregular,
rounded nodules, 1—2 inches or more in diameter, cracked into small
subpyramidal warts, smooth, but here and there furnished with a little
brown down ; white within and marbled with darker veins. The white
portions are of a distinctly filamentous structure, and, as it appears to
me, constituting a sort oUnycelium to the veins, which are indistinctly
cellular, and contain many subovate, shortly pedicellated sporangia, at
first filled with a granular mass, which is ultimately collected into one or
two globular, yellowish, echinulate sporidia.—T\\e real affinities of this
genus are very doubtful, and it is no easy matter to decide between the
view of Nees, who considers it allied to the Hymenomycetes, and that of
Fries who looks upon it as a true member of the Gasteromycetes. In
the first case we nmst regard the whole mass as an intricately sinuous
Tremella or Thelephora, the interstices being filled up with white,
nuicedinous filaments inconsequence of its subterraneous mode of growth,
and portions having become obliterated by pressure, in consequence of
which the veins are visceriform; and there seems much reason in
favour of this opinion, if I am correct as to the structure ; analogous
forms of asci occurring in Thclephora incrustans and byssoides; and,
as 1 believe, in Tremella albida: or in the other case the veins may
be either considered as analagous to the cancellated network of Clath-
rus, the interstices being as before mucedinous; or the interstices must
be considered, which appears to be the view of Fries, as the branched
receptacle, and the veins as hymenium spreading over it ; this, however,
appears to me scarcely as tenable as the converse ; for if a portion of
the substance of the fungus be gently pulled out, the vems will sepa-
rate from the interstices, with a villous aspect, as though they were the
principal component part. The affinity is, however, so strong between
this and the following genus, which can scarcely belong to the suborder
Hymenomycetes, that I am convinced Fries has shown a sound judg-
ment in placing it here. Truffles are much sought for, as a luxury,
and are hunted by do^s trained for the purpose, or by swine. Nees
von Essenbeck relates an instance of a poor crippled boy who could de-
tect truffles with a certainty superior even to that of the best dogs, and
so earned a livelihood. They have been successfully cultivated by
Bornholz. See Roques, Hist, des Champ, p. 17. Truffles J^^e often
preyed upon by a species of Ldodes, abundant specimens of which have
been collected"by Professor Henslow at Audley End, Essex.

2. T. moschdtmn, Bull. Qnusk- scented Truffle); roundisli
even blackish. Bull. t. 479. Soiv. t. 426. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.

2. V- 291.

' Growing beneath the soil. Very rare. Nork Park near Epsom.
Miss Fa)ishaw.— This appears from the analysis of Bulliard to belong
certainly to the same genus with the foregoing.

NiduJaria.] fungi. 229

49. Rhizopogon. Fr. Rliizopogon.

Uterus sessile, bursting irregularly, marbled internally with
anastomosing veins. Sporangia sessile. — Name from g/^a, a
root, and iruyuv, a heard,

1. B, alius, Bull, {u'hife Truffle); round, rather rugged,
•\vhitisli tlien reddish-brown slightly fibrillose at the base. Fr,
Syst, Mijc. V. 2. p. 293. Lycop. gibbosum, Dicks. Crypt. 2. p,
26. Tuber album, Bull tA^\, Sow.t.%\^, rr/M. t'.4. p. 341.

On sandy ground in woods. Rare. Acton Burnell, Sfackhouse.
Botanic Garden, Glasgow, 3/;-. Joseph Hooker. — Sporidia ochraceous,
redtlish-brown, exactly resembling in shape a lemon, as KlotZbch also
remarks in Hook. Herb.

*** N1DULARIACE.E (from the Genus Nidularia). Uterus
replete with free or elasticallg pedicellated Sporangia.

50. Nidularia. Bull. Bird's-nest Peziza.
Commoti j}eridinm simple : sporangia at first floating in jelly,
furnished with a highly elastic pedicle, lentiform, fleshy, filled
-with a compact mass of sporidia. — Name, from nidulus, a little
7iest.

1. N. striata, Bull, {striate bird's-nest Peziza) ; obconic hir-
sute bright red-brown striate within. Bull. t. 40, f. 1. Witl.\
V. 4. p. 313. Sow. t. 29. Fart. v. 2 cS' 3. n. lOoJB. t 17. /. 1.
Fr. Sgst. Myc. v. 2. p. 298. Moug. S)- Nest.! exs. n. 283. Fez.
striata, Bolt. t. 102. f. 2. Cyathus striatus, Fers. Syn. p. 237.
Grev. Fl Ed. p. 459.

On the ground and on sticks, &c., in damp woods. Abundant in
.some parts of l*-nghind ; but very rare in most of the midland counties.

2. N. campanuldta, With, (bell- shaped lird's-nest Peziza);
rampannlato villous cinereous-brown even, within lead-coloured
and shining from the remains of the dried np gelatine. With.
€d. 2. V. 3. p. 445. Sibth. Ox. p. 393. Sou\ t. 28. Purt. t?.
2. S)' 3. n. 1052. t. 17. /. 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 29H. N,
rerjiirosa, Bull. /. 488. f. 1. Moug. J^- Nest. ! e.TS. n. 182. Pez.
Ivjitifera, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1G49. Bolt. t. 102. / 1. Cyathus
Olla, Fers. Syn. p. 237. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 459.

On the ground, and on nearly exhausted dung, ^ ticks, clc. Com-
mon.— r.asily (H.stinguished from the foMowing, from the cup being
wiliiin of a shining l)ut dull kail colour. Spvridid elliptic.

3. N. crucibuhnn, Pers. (cylindrical bird's-ncsf Peziza) ;
cainpannlato-cylindrical tnmcate above and below snbtomentose,
at first ochracecnis then ferruginous, even within of a pallid
yell(>w-brown. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 299. Moug. c*^ Nest. !
exs. n. 11 Q. N. lo'vis, Sow. t. 30. With. v. 4. p. 311, Bull.
488./. 2. Purt. v. 3. n. 1505./. 17./ 2. Cyathus crucibulum,

230 FUNGI. [Thelebolus.

Pers. Syn. p. 238. Grev. Fl Ed. p. 459. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t.
34. Cyathus crucibidiformis, Boffm. Veg. Crypt. 2. t, 8./. 1.

On pieces of fir-wood, but also on 'straws, sticks, &c. Less common
than the \?.^t.—S2)oridia elHptic.

51. I^Iyriococcum. Fr. Myriococcum.
Peridium simple, floccoso-furfiiraceous, evanescent. Spo-

rangia globose, sporidia conglobate. — Name from //.ug/oc, number-
less, and xoy.y^oc, a grain,

1. M.prcecox, Fr. {spring Myriococcum) ; — Fr, Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 304. Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 459.

On wood, moss leaves, &c. Introduced on the authority of Loudon's
Hortiis Britannicus.

52. PoLYANGiUAf. Link. Polyangium.

Peridium simple, membranaceous. Sporangia oblong, filled
with a grumous mass. — Name from 'jioy.vc^ many, and ayyuovy a
receptacle.

1. P. vitelUnum, Lk. {egg-yellow Polangium). — Ditm. in St.
Deufsch, Fl. t. 27. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 305. Loud. Bort.
Brit. p. 459.

On fallen wood in moist places. Admitted on the same authority
as the foregoing.

**** Carpoboli. (Ka^ror, fruit, and /SaXXwj to project.)
Uterus protruding a solitary distinct sporaiigium.

53. Atractobolus. Tode. Atractobolus.

Peridium cup shaped, operculate. Sporangium fusiform,
sporidia mucous. — Name from aroa-A-rogi a spindky and /SaXXw, to
project

\, A. ulnquititdrius, Tod. (common Atractobolus); — Tode.
Fung. Bleck.f. 59. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. jo. 306.

On wood, stones, &c., after rain appearing like scattered meal.—
Specimens of this curious production, which I am convinced is of insect
origin, are contained in Hook. Herb, from Captain Carmichael and Dr.
Grevilie, marked by both Diderma.

54. Thelebolus. Tode. Thelebolus.

Peridium sessile urceolato-ventricose, mouth entire. Spo-
raiigium papillseform ; sporidia mucous. — Name from Qr^.riy a
iiipphf and (SaXXo), to project.

1. T stercoreics, Tode. (dimg Thelebolus); subglobose saffron
yellow-gregarious, subiculum none. Tode. /. c. f. 56. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 307. Loud, Bort. Brit. p. 459.

On cow dung Introduced on the authority oi Loud. Hort. Brit.

Sphcei'obolus.]

FUNGI. 231

55. PiLoBOLUs. Tode. Pilobolus.

Peridium membranaceous produced into a stem, shooting
forth a globose sporangium replete with sporidia. — Name from
-T/^.or, a cap^ and (Sa?.>.w, to proJecL

1. P. crj/stalli?ms, Tode. (crystalline Pilobolus); uterus obo-
Tate stem-shaped below, sporans^ium hemispherical black. Tode^
in Schrift. Btr. Nat. Fr. 3. ;;. 46. t. 1. {fide Fr.) Pers. Obs. 1.
t. 4. /. 9, 10. Fr. Si/st. M>jc. v. 2. p. 308. Grev. Fl. Ed. p,
448. Mucor urccolatus. Bull. t. 480. /. 1. Dicks. Crypt. 1. t.
3./. 6. Bolt. t. 133. /. 1. Sow. t. 800. With. v. 4. p. 369.
Flirt. V. 2. n. 1123. Pilobolus zirccolaius, Purt. v. 3. p. 3*23.
t.Sl.

On horse dung. Common. — At first appearing, as Fries observes,
under the form of a small yellow Sclerotium, which gradually acquires
a stem, becomes inflated above, and loses its yellow hue ; often densely
tufted. Very fugacious.

2. P. roridus, Bolt, (globidar -headed Pilobolus) ; uterus glo-
bose, stem elongated filiform, sporangium dot-like black. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. S09. 31ucor roridus, Bolt. t. 132./ 4.

On horse dung. Not common. — Smaller and slenderer than the
last. Purton and Greville consider this a variety only of the foregoing,
but possibly incorrectly.

56. Sphjerobolus. Tode. Sphairobolus.

Subimmersed. Peridium double, each bursting in a stellate
manner ; internal membrane at length inverted and elastically
shooting forth the globular sporangium which contains the
sporidia in its centre. — Name, from G:paiprx, a sphere, and /3a/.>.w,
to project.

1. S. stelldtus, Tode. (star-like Sphceroholus) ; star-like glo-
bose yellow at length pallid orifice regularly tootlied. Tode,
Fung. Meek. 1. ;;. 43. Part. v. 3. ;/. 1580. t. 30. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 310. Lye. carpobolus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 2. p. 1654.
Soiv. t. tL2.

On rotten wood, sticks, S:c. Autumn. — Possibly more common
than usually supposed, for it is easily overlooked. Plants at first con-
nected by a web, at length smooth, subglobosc, yellowisb ; outer jjcri-
dium consisting of two substances, lined by the inner jtcridnnn which
is quite distinct and separated by some moisture, white pclluciil and
shining ; at length both split together in a stellate manner, and the
inner l)ecomcs suddenly inverted while in general it still remains
attached by the apices of the stellate margin, nnd the sporanijium is
shot forth to a considerable distance. Sporidia :jr.or)th of an inch long
elliptic or curved and irregular. The rays of the cuter j)cridiinn arc
orange within ; I do not find that the orange colour extends lower
into the cup.

Tribe II. Pyrenomvcetes. (from ci;.-7;v, n capsule, nnd fiurr,;.

232 FUNGI. [SphcBria.

a fungus). Uterus confluent with the receptacle (Periihecium),
Sporidia generally contained in asci and arranged in one or more
rows.

hi. Sph^ria. Ball. Sphseria.

Perithecia rounded, entire, furnished at the rpex with a

minute orifice. Asci converging, at length dissolving Name,

from o(paiDrx, a sphere,

A. CoMPorxD.

* Peripherics. Perithecia more or less divergent^ generally
almost superficial cmd simply papillated, very rarely piercing the
stroma by an attenuated neck,

Div. I. CoRDYCEPs. (from xop^oa^j a cluhy and caputs a head).
Club shaped, simple or branched, stipitate.

* Perithecia pale,

1. S. militdris, L. (iniUtary SphcEria) ; carnose orange-red,

lioad-clavate tuberculated, stem equal. Bolt. t. 128. Sow. t.

60. Purt. V. 3. p. 276. i. 23. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 323. Kl. I

Fung. Germ. exs. n. 47. Clav. militaris, Lin. Sp. PI, 1562.

With. V. 4. j9. 318. CI. granulosa, Bull. t. 496. b.

In wood amongst moss, arising from dead pupae of insects, spiders*
eggs, &.C. Summer. Not common, but sparingly diffused through the
%vhole of England and Scotlantl. — A very curious Cladonia-Y\kQ
form occurred to Messrs. Klotzsch and Hooker at Kirriemuir, in turfy
spots.

2. S. entomorrhiza, Dicks, (j'ound headed Insect Sphccria) ;
carnose, head subglobose brown, stem slender, sporidia oblong.
Dicks. Crypt. 1. p. 22. t. 3. /. 3. With. v. 4. p. 356. Pers.
Syn. p. 4. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 324.

On dead larvse and pupae of insects. Very rare. Bulstrode, Light-
foot. Autumn. Edgefield, Norfolk. Bev. R. B. Francis. Apethorpe,
'Norths., May 17th, 1835, Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— K^ihe single specimen
with which I have been so fortunate as to meet according precisely with
one in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium, gathered by Mr. Francis, differs from
the figure of Dickson in having a larger elliptic head, immersed perithecia,
and a stouter stem, the following description will not be superfluous.
Head ^ of an inch long broadly elliptic quite distinct from the stem,
changing from chesnut to bright red brown, minutely dotted with the
ostiola, of a tough fleshy consistence nearly white within. Stem 2
inches high, 1 line thick nearly equal pale above, darker below, of the
same colour as the head, but slightly mottled, almost smooth, giving
out at the base numerous root-like filaments in my specimen attached
to a chrysalis, in Dr. Hooker's to a caterpillar. Perithecia completely
sunk in the flesh, much elongated, gradually tapering to the orifice
brown; their contents of the same colour consisting of very long flexuous
asci, containing a double moniliform row of very minute oblong but
not truncate sporidia, which when the asci are broken still partially

SphcBria.-] FUNGI. 233

adhere together; accompanied by more sXenCier paraphi/ses. There is
little doubt, notwithstanding the differences mentioned above, that the
plant of Dickson is the same with that now before me, as the figure
evide.itly represents an anomalous form arising from the larva having
been deeply buried in the ground. The asci and sporidia are quite
different from those of other Sphcpricc, except the lew allied species
which compose the first section of the present division. Nothing can
be more close than the resemblance between the asci and their sporidia
to the filaments of some JMonema or Schizunema ; indeed both in this
species and S. uphlucjlussoicks I have sometimes seen more than two
rows of sporidia, and the asci, when squeezed, split, like the frond in the
last mentioned genus, into as many threads as there are rows of sporidia.
This, however, requires confirmation, as I may possibly have been de-
ceived. The analysis given in Kunz, Mj/c. Heftc, o'i S. op/iioglossoides^
is quite correct, except that the sporidia are more elliptic than there
represented. This alone is sufficient to show that Sp. gracilis, Grev.
is not, as Fries supposes, that species; the sporidia in Dr. Greville's plant
being cylindrical and truncate, as appears by his analysis which, though
imperfect, is confirmed by the very similar sporidia of S. capitata and
;S\ militaris, in both of which they form w ithin the asci two moniliforin
threads.

3. S. capitata, Holinsk. (jjcUow- stemmed SpluErid) ; carnose,
head ovato-globose bay brown, stem yellow at length blackish.
Pers. 31>jc. Eur. 1. t. 10./ 1—4. Moug. S^- Nest. ! (xs. n. 763.
Ft. Si/st. Mijc. V. 2. p. 824. Spit, agariciformis, Bolt. t. 130.
Soiv.! t. 354. CI. capitata, Ilolmsh. Ot. \. with a fig. With.
v.4.p. 317.

In |)ine woods, parasitic on Elaphomgces granrdatus. Very rare.
Eamsden wood about Highfield near Halifax. Bolton. Holt. Nor-
folk, Bcv. Robert Francis — " Often tufted. Stem 1 — 4 inches high,
2 — 4 lines thick, equal, smooth, lemon-coloured, at length fibroso-stri-
gose and blacki^i. The colour of the head borders on yellow, red-
brown and black." Fr. I. c.

4. S. ophioghssoidcs, Elir. (^adders tongue Splucria) ; carnose
head clavate brownish-black, stem olive black rooting. Pcrs.
St/n. p. 4. Mi/c. Eur. t. 10. / 5, G. Moug. ^- JScst. ! n. 5G5.
Ft. S//st. iVt/c. v. 2. p. 324. Scler. Suec. w. 301. C/. parasi-
tica, With. V. 4./;. 318.

In woods, parasitic on EI(i}>homyccs muricalus. Very rare. Near
Norwich, Mr. Pitc/iford. — Head \ — I inch or more long, yellow within
as well as the stem which at the base divides into long roots. Some-
times tufted.

5. S, gracilis, Grev. (Mr. Trivv1yan\^ Sphrria) ; carnoso
head smooth ronndi>ii ovate brown, stem rooting elongated
cylindrical equal somewhat llexnous, sporidia cylindrical. Grev.
Sc. Cri/pt. Fl. t. 80.

On tile ground in moist mossy places. Shetland, IT. C. Trtvch/atiy
Fsf/. — Fries in the Fhurhus conceives that this is synonymous with
the foregoing species, but it appears to dililr cnlirely in form and in

934 FUNGI. [Sphceria.

being destitute of any yellow tinge. The sporidia also as mentioned
above are very different.

6. S.HooMri, Kl. {Dr. HooJiers SphcEria); carnose, head glo-
bose lilac tuberculated, stem slender sinning black. Klotzsch !
in Hook. Herb, ivith a figure.

In srassy spots amongst moss. June. Inverary, Messrs. Hooher
and klotzsch,—'' Solitary. Steni coriaceous, simple, 2 inches high,
i._a of a line thick, the'apex of the same colour as the head. Head
globose, 2 lines thick ; perithecia prominent, filled with a gelatinous
filamentous mass." Kl. 31SS.—T\\\?, species appears to resemble S.
purpurea, Sc/mm., and to difier principally in its less tuberculated
head and long stem. Fries, however, says_ that Schumacher's plant
when living was carmine, which alters the point materiall}'.

7. S. alutdcea, Pers. ( pcde tan-coloured Sjjhceria) ; carnose
soft, head clavate, pallid tan or white confluent with the stem.
Pers. Comm. Clav. p. 12. Nees, Sijst.f. 304. Fr. SijsU Myc.
V, 2. p. 325. Sp/i. clavata, Soiv. ! t. 159.

In fir plantations on the ground amongst leaves. Autumn. Rare.
Newmarket Heath, Rev. J. Hemsted. Costesy, Norf., Sowerbij.-^
" Simple, 2—3 inches high very even and brittle, at first dirty-white,
slightly villous, then quite smooth and even, tan-coloured ; sometimes
entirely white, at length tuberculated with the prominent perithecia.
Head obtuse." Fr. I c.

** Perithecia black,

8. S. digitdta, Linn, {fingered Sjjhceria) ; between fleshy
and corky tufted, clavulte round reddish brown then black, tips
barren acute, stem smooth. Pers. Syn. p. 6. JVees, Syst. f.
307. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 326. Hurt. 3ISS. Clav. digi-
tata, Linn. Sp. PI. 1652. Bull. t. 220. Xylaria digitafa,
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 356.

On worked wood and stumps of trees. Frequent according to Br.
Greville and Mr. Purton. — " Stems connate at the base, whence the
plant is ramoso-digitate. Substance with a simple central pith. Peri-
thecia immersed, when young whitish from the innate veil^ scarcely pul-
verulent, soon changing to brown." Fr. I. c.

9. S. polymorpha, Pers. (variable fingered Sphceria) ; subcar-
nose gregarious turgid irregular, dirty white tlien black, cla-
vulse bearing perithecia on every part. Pers. Comm. p. 17.
Nees, Syst. f. 307, B. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. jj. 326. Scler.
Sued n. 221; Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 237. S. digitata. Sow.
t. 69. Clav. digitata, With. v. 4. p. 357. Xylaria poly morpha,
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 355.

On stumps of trees. Common.— The central substance is disposed
in diverging rays and in consequence, as observed by Sowerby the frac-
ture is conical.

10. S. Hypoxylon, Linn, {fiat-horned Sphceria) ; corky sim-

Sphceria.]

FUNGI. 235

pie or branched compressed at first pulverulent with white
meal then naked, stem villous. Sow. t. 35. With. v. 4. p. 357.
Moug. 4' Nest.! n. 272. PiirL v. 2 cj 3. n. 1109. Fr. Sijst.
31yc. V. 2. ;;. 327. Sckr. Sued n. 181. S. digitata. Bolt.
t, 129. Clav. Hupoxylon, Linn. Sp. Plant, 1652. Xylaria
Eijpoxylon, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 355. Baxt. ! Ox. n. 74. SpJi,
ramosa, Dicks. Fasc. 4. t. U.f. 7. Soia. ! t. 395. / 2. (in text
f. 1.). S. peditnculata, Dicks. I. c.f.S. Soiv. ! t. 437.

On sticks, stumps, &c. Very common. — Sporidia elliptic, septate,
or containing two sporidiola. Nothing can be more sportive than the
present species, being sometimes exceedingly branched, sometimes pal-
mate, sometimes quite simple with the head ovate and acuminate, linear,
or even globose as in S. pedimculata, Dicks. Occasionally the apices
are not barren.— *S);//. ramosa, Dicks, and Sow., I am quite sure is a
variety. The low er part of the specimens is covered with a dense pur-
ple mucedinous substance, consisting of branched filaments very much
resembling to the naked eye, Ceramium JRotkii. The same substance
sometimes occurs on S. digitata, when imjierfectly developed, and occa-
sionally on the more common forms of S. Hypoxylon, when much elon-
gated. ' I have also seen it on S. pohjmorplia. There is some confu-
sion in the citation of aS. ramosa by Fries in consequence of the
figures being wrongly numbered in the pi ate. The plant rightly referred by
Fries to S. bomhar'da under the name of S. rauiosa is S. rcptans. Sow. !
f. 305, /. 1. {in text f. 2.). S. ftisca. Sow. figured on the same plate
belongs probably to the division Pcrtusa;, but the specimens in the
herbarium are not sufficiently good to determine the species accurately,
there being little remaining except the persistent bases of the perithecia.
Abortive states of this plant pass under the name of Bhizomorpha
subcorticalis, though, as Fries observes, every production so named is
not to be referred to it. Withering long ago perceived the connexion :
the editor of the last edition is, however, most probably wrong in refer-
ring to Bh. impcrialis. I perfectly agree with that most judicious
author, id. Fries, as to the desirableness of excluding from the list of
fungi all such doubtful productions. Nothing, however, can be more
inte^resting, and, as regards the physiology of these plants, more instruc-
tive than the correct "reference of such^ abortive forms to the perfect
species.

11. S, carpopkila, Pers. {mrtst Sphceria) ; corky slender sim-
ple, clavula subulate albido-pulverulent at lenc^th black, stem
very lon^ root-like. Pers. Ohs. 2. t. 1. / 3. {Jidc Fr.). Fr,
Syst. Mi/c. V. 2. p. 328. Sclcr. Succ. ! n. 302. Fl. Dan.
t. 1858./. 1.

On beech mast. Very common in Northamptonshire. Jicv. M. J.
J?t77ic/ey.— Communicated by Mr. Baxter to P//;7(>/j. — Often gregari-
ous, the plant intended by" Kay as (piotcd by Fries is surely not this.

Div. 11. PouoNiA (from coso;, n pore). Cup-shaped, margi-
natCy stipitatc or sessile.

12. .S'. 2)7nirtdta, L. (dotted ciip-shnpcd Sphcvria) ; <U\^\X^\G
turbinate, disc truuaite dotted with the black osliola, ex-

236 rUNGl. [Sphceria.

ternally Llackisli. Soiv. / t. 54. Fr. Sf/sf, Myc. v. 2. p, 330.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t 327. With. v. 4. p. 356. 3Ioug. &,
Nest. I exs. n. 958. Sp. Poronia, Fr. Scler. Suec. n. 182. Hook.
Fl. Scot. 2. p. 5. Peziza punctata, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1652.
With, early editions.

On hot beds, horse clung, &c. Occasionally in various parts of Great
Britain. — Gregarious ; | — 1 inch high, at first covered with a powdery
veiU which at length vanishes and leaves the outer portion of the plant
blackish, the disc being still white, but dotted with the orifices of the
perithecia^ which, from the depression of the cup are often rather con-
vergent than divergent.

Div. 3. PuLViNATJE. (from pidvinatuSj cushion-shaped.) Sub-
hemispherical, immarginate, sessile.

* Veil pidverulenf. Perithecia hlacli.*

13. >S'. concentricn, Bolt, (zoned Sphceria) ; large suLglobose
brownish at length in general black concentrically zoned within,
perithecia oblong immersed. Bolt. t.\SO. Fr. Syst.Myc. v. 2.
p. 331. Scler. Suec. n.\A\. Sp.fr a xi?i€a, Sotv.'t. 160. With.
V. 4. p. 361. StromatospJicsria concentrica^ Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 355.
Hypoxylon concentricum, Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 324.

On trunks of dead or decaying trees, especially on ash. In perfec-
tion in spring or early summer. Common. — Often 2 — 3 inches broad ;
easily known by its beautifully zoned stroma. 1 have specimens from
Madeira on Erica arborea. A curious stipitate form is figured by
Persoon, Syn. t. \.f. 3, 4.

14. S. fragiformis, Pers. (Sfraivberry Sphcsrid) : globose
vermilion-brown bright black within, perithecia ovate, ostiola
at length prominent. Pej^s. Syn. p. 9. t. ]. Moug. Sf Nest.!
exs. n. 273. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 332. Scler. Suec. ! w. 41.
Sp. bicolor, Bull. t. 495. /. 2. Sp. tuberculosa. Sow. I t. 374.

/ 8. Sp. lycoperdoides, With. v. 4. p. 360. Purt.! v. 2. 8^ 3.
n. 1084. Stromatosphceria fragiformis, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl.
t. 136. Lycop. variolosum. Sow, t. 271.

On beech bark, seldom on that of other trees. Very common. —
Generally round and about the size of a pea, but when growing on the
trunk of a tree, in consequence of plentiful nourishment, sometimes of
a considerable size and thickness from many individuals becoming con-
fluent, so as to lose in great measure its usual habit ; at first pale
pruinose, then bright rust-coloured bordering on vermilion, and gradually
Ijecomingtuberculated ; when old of a ferruginous black. Lijcoperdon
acariforme. Sow. ! t. 146, is certainly the present Sphceria with a
species of Isaria springing from its base.f

* Analogous to the second subdivision of Cordyceps, Lut placed here that
S. rvfa and gelatinosa may stand next to the species of the following division
with coloured perithecia. •

f It will be observed that in the genus Sphceria especially, I have differed
from M. Fries in the adjustment of Sowerby's species. This I have not done
in any case without the fullest examination, and, when possible, comparison
of the original specimens with those published by Fries in the Schromycetes

SpJiceria.] FUNGI. 237

15. S.fusca, Pers. (broum pulvinate Sphceria) ; convex piil-
vinate purple-brown at length black brown within, perithecia
globose, ostiola unibilicate. Pers. Syn. p. 12. Moug. ^ Nest.!
n. 178. Hook. Scot. 2. p. 5. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 332.
Scier. Sued n. 42. Spk. fuUgbiosa, Sow.! t. 373./ 9. Sp.
tuberculosa, Purt. ! v. 2 i^- 3. n. 1088. S. rugosa, Part.! v. 2.
ji. 108G. Stromatosphccria fusca, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 356.

On dead branches of hawthorn, hazel, &c. At firat clothed with a
rusty or purple-brown meal but not at all vermilion, and then often
resembling an incipient Thchphora, gradually increasing in thickness;
at length naked, black and, according to Fries, to whose correctness I
can bear witness, pierced like a sieve — Sph. tuhcrculusa. Bolt., cannot
be this species, as it is expressly stated to burst through the bark. I
am quite certain about the synonym of Sowerby, however strange it
may appear, but tiie plant represented is clearly a very thin confluent
form.

16. S. cohcerens, Pers. (^gregcirious pulvinate SphcErici) ; con-
fluent convexo-plain, at first even dirty-brown then black, black
within, perithecia at length rather prominent papillate. Pers.
Syn. p.\l. Nees, Syst. /: 3 1 0. B. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 333.
Scler. Suec. ! 7i. 43. 3ioug. 4" Nest. ! n. 764.

On branches, &c. — Specimens of this species are contained in
Sowerby's Herbarium, mounted on the same sheet with five. figured
Sp/tcorias, but the label having unfortunately become unglued, it is
impossible to determine accurately what species it was considered by
him. I am inclined to think it is his S. picea, t. 374./. 5, of wliich I
can otherwise find no specimen, if indeed he did not confound it with
Sphceria fusca.

17. S. multiformis, Fr. (variable pulvi?iate Sphceria); irre-
gular, at first rugose rusty-brown, at length naked black, within
cinereous-black, perithecia subglobose at length prominent pa-
pillate. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 334. Scler. Suec. / n. 44. — a.
young. Fr. Obs. 1. t. 1./. 2, 3. .S'. argillacea, Pers. Ic. Pin',
t. S.f. 1 — 3. Slrouudospltccria cUiptica, Grev.! Sc. Crypt. J 7.
t. 114. Str. rubigiiwsa, I. c. t. 110. Sph. labrafa, Pers. in lilt.
3Ioug./ (.vs. — b. adult. Hypo.x. granuloyum, Pull. t. 487. /. 2.
Sph. granulosa, Sow. ! t. 355. Purt. ! v. 2 ^ 3. n. 1096.

On branches and trunks of trees, especially birch. Connnon. —
Nothing can be n)ore different than the spongy-looking rubiginous young
plant and the same when fully grown, lint besides this change from
the young to the perfect plant, it assumes many forms, being sometimes
cllij)tic, or strongly raised and cristiform, and, on the other hand,
sometimes quite Hat and depressed. In this latter case the perithecia

S/«tciVr, and llie valiialilt! work of Mouijoot and N«slh'r. Tor tbo advantafje
of a leisurely «'xaii»inali()ii of tlie Nju-t-irs ccnitaim-d in Mr. SowimIiv's Ilt-r-
Itarluiii I am iiMlfl)t.d tt» tin; joint kiiidiifss ami lil)iraliJ\ of Mr. J. I). C.
S..U. rl.y and hi^ l.rothrr Mr. (". K. .Sow.rhy. It is l>nt ri-lit lo ol.xrvi- tliat
at the time tin- Si/slmid Mi/o>lo,;icinn was iniblish.d, ."M. Irii-s had to trust,
a^* tar as Sowerby's sjHTifs wen* nmcernrd, to nott-s iniulo right yoars previously,
unJ ucccssarily iujperfcct recoUcclioiis, bee H^st. Myc. r. 2. ;». b21.

23S ruNGi. [Sp/iceria.

are frequently less prominent and smaller, so that it resembles Sp.
Tuhiginosu. In every case it is attached firmly to the wood, and hence
in branches covered with bark erumpent. Sp. atro purpurea, io\\u&t. !
Fl. Bervv., appears to be the same plant with that figured by Greville.
If I mistake not, Sp. Vogesiaca, Moug. &; Nest., belongs to a different
division. — There is a difference between the specimens published by
Fries (at least in my copy) which deserves notice. In one the 2^erit/iecia
have a simply papilliform ostiolum, while in the other there is a distinct
neat depression all round the papilla.

*'* Veil none.

18. S. rufa, Pers. (red-broivn Sphceria) ; carnose convex
irregular red-brown dirty-white within, ostiola slightly pro-
minent. Pers. Syn. p. 13. Fr. Sysi. Myc. v. 2. p. 335. Sckr.
Suec. n. 303. Fl. Dan. t. 1781./. 2.

On wood. Abundant specimens are contained in Dr. Hooker's
Herbarium, found in Scotland, by Mr. Klotzsch. Collapsing when
dry, and, in consequence, wrinkled.

1 9. >S'. gelatinosa, Tode, {gelatinous Sphceria) ; fleshy con-
vex equal opaque dirty-white within, perithecia prominent
darker than tlie stroma. Tode, Fung. Meek. 2. p. 48. /. 123,
124. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 33G. Scler. Suec. n. 303. Fl.
Ban. t. 1782./. 1, 2. JohnsLl Fl. Beriv. v. 2. p. 121.

On branches of fir, &:c. Eare. App'in, Cajjtain Carmic/iael. Mur-
ton Craigs, Dr. Johnston. — Varying greatly in colour, paUid, yellowish,
green orumber ; dotted with the darker ostiola.

Div. 4. Connate. Effused, mdeter7ninate, plain,

* Perithecia coloured.

20. S. citrina, Vev^. (lemon-yelloio Sphceria) ; carnose effused
nearly plain lemon-yellow, ostiola rather prominent brownish.
Pers. Syn. p. 18. Alb. c^- Sclav. .' Consp. p. 7. Fr. Syst. Mijc.
V. 2. p. 337. Scler. Sued n. 31. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl.
U 215.

On the ground, or creeping over wood, &c. Rare. Appin, Captain

Carmichael " Web-like stratum 2—5 inches broad, byssoid at the

margin especially in young plants, attaching itself to everything lying in
its way, plain but undulated by the subjacent substances yellow, or
tawny-yellow. Captain Carmichael's specimens were tawny above and
very bright yellow beneath." Grev. I. c. There are no specimens in
the Appi^n collection ; it should seem then that none were found except
those sent to Dr. Greville.

21. S. laferitia, Fr. (pallid brick-red Sphcoria) ; broadly
effused carnose smooth pallid brick-red, perithecia globose,
ostiola dot-like. Fr. in Kunz. Myc. Heft. 2. ;;. 42. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 338. El. 2. p. 86. Merulius helvelloides, Sow. t. 402.
Hypolyssus ventricosus, Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. p. 7.

On Fungi in fir woods. T<ov. Spetisbury, Dors., Miss RacJiett. —
*' Plant of a rather thick substance rendering the hymenium of the

Sphceria.] FUNGI. 239

Agaric on which it grows, and indeed the wliole plant, juicy, so that it
soon becomes putrid. Perithecia irregularly immersed, at length
emergent minute. Surface even, frosted with a thin whitish meal."
Fr. I. c. I am obliged to rest entirely on the authority of Fries for the
right determination of the [dant of Sowerby, of which no specimens
were preserved, probably on account of the rapid decomposition above-
mentioned.

22. S. luko-virens, Fr. (yeUowish Splicsria) ; ejQTused thin
dirty-yellow with occasionally a j[^rcenish tiii^e, perithecia
emergent, ostiola close brownish. Fr. Sf/st. 3If/c. t\ 2. p. 339.
S. aurantia^ Grew Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 78.

On Agarics of the Suhyenus Kussula. Not common. Newliston
woods, Messrs. Wauch <^' GrevUle. Oban, Rev. 31. J. Berheley. — The
true St. aurantia of Per soon will be found in the division Cojijiuentes.

23. S. riibiginosa, Pers. (riist//-red SphcBria) ; widely effused
thin pulverulent bright rust-coloured, perithecia slightly pro-
minent. Pers. Stjji. p. 11. Fr. Sf/st. 3Ii/c. v. 2. p. 340. Scler.
Siiec. ! n. 142.

On wood. Appin, Captain CarniichaeL — Amongst numerous spe-
cimens marked S. ruhiginosa, from Appin, which are a form of 5'. ynidti-
furrnis, one appears to be the true plant. " Forming longitudinally
effused spots, 2 — 4 inches long, at first pulverulent and dirty yellow.
When full-grown densely covered with rust-coloured powder, at length
naked and black ; perithecia small umbilicate at the apex, almost free.
Sometimes the perithecia arc solitary larger distant and papillary,
^largin barren." Fr. I. c.

24. S. atropurpurca^ Fr. (purplish-blacJi Sp/tccria) ; effused
tliin flattened purplish-black, perithecia connate rather pro-
minent, apex plane papillate. Fr. Ohs. I. p. 174. Scler. Suec. !
71. 75. St/St. 3I//C. V. 2. p. 340.

On rotten wood. A|)pin, Captain Curmichatl. — Perithecia larger
and more prominent than in the following species, with scarcely any
stroma, t^ometunes the perithecia are scattered, or arranged in lines.

** Perithecia hlach,

25. S. serpens, Pers. (creeping Sphceria) ; effused thin flat-
tened at length black, perithecia subglobose rather jjrominent
papillated. Pers. S//ii. p. 20. Nees, Sf/st. /. 317. PV,Si/sL
3It/c. V. 2. p. 341. Scler. Siicc. ! Fl. Van. t. 2037. / 1. Sp.
diffusa, Sow. ! t. 374. /. 10. >S'. nda, Nees, f. 318. S. crusta-
ceciy Sow. t. 372. f. 11.

On wood, branches, I've. Appin, Cajttain Carmichacl. Northamp-
tonshire, P(v. 31. J. Bcrhchi/. — At first clothed with tliin, cinereous,
mealy down, at lengtii naked, *2 — .'i inches or more long. Of the two
figures in Sowerby, the fir^t certainly is this plant ; as rcgarils the
second 1 follow the judgment of Fries, there being no specimen in
Mr. Sowerby's collection.

20. S. hotrffosa, Fr. (grapp-huuvh Splacrui) ; t a'.-piloso-con-
glomeiate rounded, perithecia globose connate .'ipitulalo-rugose

240 FUNGI. [Sphceria.

depressed at the apex. Fr, Syst. Myc, v. 2. p. 342. Sckr,
Sued «. 112.

On hard oakwood. Rockingham Forest, Norths. Rev. M.J. Berke-
/gy. — \ very puzzling species in conseqaence of the asperities of 'he
surface at first sight closely resembling the papillae of numerous m-nute
aggregate pcrithecia ; these at length wear off and expose the true
perithecia with their depressed apices.

** Hypopheuice. Perithecia vertical^ immersed^ covered with
the stroma and piercbig it by an attenuated neck.

Div. 5. Glebos^e. Slightly effused^ but not indeterminate,
distinct from the matrix. Perithecia large immersed.

27. S. detista, HofFm. (^scorched Sphceria) ; effused thick
undulated rugose, when young pulverulent wliitish cinereous
in the centre, at length rigid, perithecia ovate furnished with a
short neck. Hoffm. Crypt. I. t. I. f. 2. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 345. Sckr. Suec. ! n. 261. Moug. ^ Nest. / w. 276. Kl. !
Fung. Germ. exs. n. 36. Sp. maxima^ Bolt. t. 181. Sow.
t. 338. With. V. 4. p. 360. Hypoxylon deiislum, Grev. Sc.
Crypt. Fl. t. 324. /. 2. StromatosjjhcEria deusta, Grev, Fl. Ed,
p. 356.

On rotten trunks of trees. Spring— Autumn. At first fleshy and
pulverulent, at length naked very brittle, 2 — 3 inches broad. Sjoridia
fusiform, biseptate. 1 have not referred to Purton, as authentic speci-
mens are clearly S. nudtiforrAis. It is scarcely possible, however, thr t
he should not have been acquainted with the true plant. I have never
seen the perithecia so small as in Dr. Greville's figure.

28. *S'. nummiddria, Bull, (pomfret-cahe Sphceria, Sow.) ,•
determinate quite plain, externally and internally black, peri-
thecia immersed ovate, ostiola globose slightly prominent.
Moug. 4' Nest. ! n. 374. Fr. Syst. 31fjc. v. 2. p. 348. Hy-
poxxjlon nunimularium, Bull. t. 468. /. 4. S. depressa, Sow,
Herb.

On wood and bark Sowerby, who confounded it with S. disci-

formis. " Hard, orbicular, elliptic or longitudinally effused from the
confluence of one or more individuals | — 2 inches broad, 1 line thick,
separable from the matrix, even, very slightly papillated under a lens ;
ostiola distant, Perithecia large immersed." Fr. I. c. S. diffusa. Sow.,
is S. serpens. This species has been gathered at Juan Fernandez
by Bertero, of which specimens are in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium.

Div. 6. LiGNOs^. Determijiate, connate ivith the matrix;
base circumscribed ivith a black line arising from the outer coat
of the stroina. Perithecia sunh down to the bottom of the stroma.
Bursting through either the bark or cuticle.

29. S. bidldta, Ehr. {convex disc-like Sphceria) ; erumpent
convexo-plain oval or reniform black, white within papillated
with the ostiola. Hoffm. Veg, Crypt, t, 2./. 1. Pers, Ic. Pict.

Sphceria.]

FUNGI. 241

t. 3./ 6, 7. Fr. St/St. Myc. v. 2. p, 349. Scler. Suec. / n. 342.
3fouff. Sf Nest. > n. 866. Sp. depressa, Bolt. t. 122. f. I.

On willow branches. Not uncommon. — Plant 2 — 3 lines broad,
gently convex, brownish, then black. Perlthecia in a single row, globose ;
but often altered in form by mutual [)res.sure, resting upon the matrix.
Ostiola projecting slightly, often stellate. When cut off horizontally
beneath the stroma a distinct black line is seen upon the wood, which
is proved by a vertical section to arise from a thin black stratum con-
tinued from the outer coat of the stroma and running between the baric
and the wood.

30. S. unduldta^ Pers. (interrupted Sphceria) ; effused inter-
rupted waved black white within, ostiola rather prominent sub-
rotund. Pers. St/n. p. 21. Moug, ^- Ntst. ! 7?. 371. Hook.
Scot. 2. 2^' '5. Fr. Sf/st. Myc. v. 2. p. 350. Grev. Sc. Crypt,
Ft. t. 223./. 1.

On dead branches of trees. By no means so common as the follow-
ing species, of which Fries judges it a mere variety. — It is liable to bo
confounded with some states of Sp. lata. At least I have seen speci-
mens of that species marked for the present on high authority. It nuiy
be easily distinguished by being erumpent.

31. S. stigma, HofFm. (black dotted Sphceria) ; effused ofteu
nearly surrounding the branch flat even, at length black, ostiola
nearly plain subimniersed. lloffni. Veg. Crypt. 1. t. 2. f. 2.
3Ioug. c^- Nest. ! n. 2>12. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 350. Sdcr.
Suec. ! ?2. 46. Stromatosphccria stigma, Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL
t. 223. /. 2. — y. S. decorticcms, Sow. t. 137. S. decorticala^
Purt. V. 2 S)- 3. n. 1093. iMoug. S^- Nest. ! n. 373.

On sticks. Extremely common. — JMany inches long, throwing off the
cuticle exactly in the manner of Thdepliora comedois, varying with t!.e
ostiola sunk in a little pit and j)rominent. At first brownish, at len-th
black, generally cracked transversely. Sowerby had both states i:i
view, but the magnified figure at least belongs to the variety. His
S.cincrea! t. 37'3. f. 11, appears to me an altogether abortive state ;
tliere are no distinct perithecia in it.

32. >S'. disciformis, Iloffni. (disc-like Spharia) ; orbicular
plain even black white witliin, perithecia attenuated into a
slender neck, ostiola punctiforni. IlofJ'm. J(g. Crypt. 1. /. -1.

/. 1. uMoug. .y Nest./ n. 80. Fr. Syst. Jfyc. v. 2. p. 353.
Scler. Sued n. 71. Stromatosjdiccria discij'onnis, Grev. Sc.
Crypt. Fl. <. 314.

On dry branches of beech, t^vc. Very common. — About two lines
broad, at first reddish, more constantly rounil than S. bullata, flat or
depressed and sometimes waved, not at all convex. Ptritkecia uiortr
oblong ; osdo/fi prominent or inunersed. This has been generally con-
foundetl with 6'. bullata ami uummu/urit/, so that I iuive not givrn tl.c
older English synonyms. The figure of i?owerby, /. 'Jlfi, was, I am
inclined to think, maiic from the [)resent species, l)nt it is evidently
sli^'litly niodified in conseciuencc of his having .S. hulhitu also in view.
In his herbarium both the sjjecies are pasted on the same paper with a
conunon label. l£ven Dr. Circvillc appears at fir^t to have confounded

R

242 FUNGI. [SphcEria.

tlie two, judging from specimens sent to Dr. Hooker: and, consequently,
I should feel inclined to refer the *S'. dlsciformis of FL Ed. to S,
h'dllata, though the plant figured in the Sc. Crypt. FL is unquestionably
the true species. Variolaria punctata^ Bull, t, 432. f. 2. appears to
me to represent *S'. hullata.

33. S. dspera, Fr. {j'oiigh Splicerici) ; orbicular or angular
convex black, perithecia attenuated into a slender neck covered
with a dirty-white stroma, ostiola conico-cylindrical. Fr,
Sijst, Myc. V. 2. p. 354. S. erecta, Purt. ! v. 3. n. 1529.

On branches of oak, &c. Common. — Very much resembling S. ver-
ruccpformis, but the stroma is dirty-white, the ostiola more prominent,
and the neck, instead of being short, attenuated.

34. S. favdcea, Fr. (Jioney-comh Sphceria) ; irregular black,
perithecia oblong-ovate with a short neck covered with the
thin dirty-white stroma, ostiola rather prominent convexo-sub-
rotund. Fr. Obs. Myc. 2. t.^.f, b. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. ^b^.
Schr. Suec. ! ti. 306.

On birch yet covered with bark. Dumfries-shire. Dr. Greville. —
*^ Sometimes orbicular, sometimes irregular from several individuals
being confluent, prominent, 2 — 4 lines or more broad, at first pale wood-
colour. Perithecia disposed indistinctly in two layers, larger than in
the neighbouring species, their bases subconnate, apices distinct, covered
vv'ith a thin stroma, which is in the old state obliterated. Base circum-
scribed by a fine black line." Fr. I. c.

35. S, verruccEformis, Ehr. (ivart-Uhe SphcBrici) ; angular con-
vex rugose black nearly of the same colour within, circum-
scribed below, perithecia ovate with a short neck. Pers. Syn,
p. 26. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 355. Scler. Sued n. 74.
Motig. c3' Nest. ! n. 867. .S'. parallela, Soiv. t. 394./. 4.

On branches of hazel, beech, &c. Very common. — Bursting through
the bark by the laciniae of which it is surrounded, 1 — H line broad black,
brownish within, the orifices of the perithecia more or less distinct, in
the specimens published in Scler. Succ. distinctly visible to the naked
eye, sometimes, however, very indistinct.

36. S. fiavo-virens^ HofFm. {ijellow-green-fleslied Sphceria) ;
unequal rugose black within pulverulent yellow-green, peri-
thecia globose, ostiola rather prominent punctiform. Pers. Syn,
p. 22. Moug. 8^ Nest. ! n. 375. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 357.

Scler. Sued n. 222. S. flavo-virescens, Hoffni. Veg. Crypt. 1.
i. 2. /. 4. >S'. multiceps, Soiv. ! t. 394. /. 8. Purt. v. 2 ^' 3.
n. 1102. Stromatosphceria multiceps, Grev. FL Ed. p. 356.
Strom. Jiavo-virens^ Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 320. — ^.multiceps. Scler.
Suec. ! n. 45.

On branches of trees either covered with the bark or decorticated. —
A most variable species, but always easily distinguished by the peculiar
colour of the stroma. — iS. appears at first sight very different, being
covered by the wood which is raised up. Sp. multiceps. Sovv'., regards
the more common form of the species, as appears from the figured
specimen, but he was well acquainted also with the variety.

Sphicria.] FL^^GI. 243

37. S. uJa, Pers. {parallel Sphmria) ; sliort determinate
emergent black, perithecia subovate, ostiola obtuse unequal.
Pers. Syn. t. l.f, 11—13. Fr. Sijst, Mijc, v. 2. p. 358. Scler.
Suec. ! n. 324.

On oak-wood in moist places. Cotterstock, Norths., Hev. M. J.
Berkeley. — Siibelliptic, parallel, 2 — 3 lines long, always furnished with
a circumscribing black line. Sporidia oblong-elliptic containing two
Sporidivla. Very much resembling small scattered specimens of S.
serpens. I am quite certain that S. parallehi, Sow., is not the present
species, and have little doubt that it is 6*. verrucoiformis. No specimens
indeed are named, but there arc one or two loose samples of that plant
in which the pustules are disj)osed in parallel rows, and are most pro-
bably what he had in view. Indeed his account, " the spherules are
imbedded in a blackish substance which rises above the burst cuticle^
standing in little patches above it," is quite conclusive as regards its non-
identity with iS*. uda, but agreeing sufficiently exactly with S. verrucce-
fonnis. S. immersay Sow. ! t. 374./! 1. is S. leiojdaca, It.

Div. 7. Versatiles. {Named from their intimate relation to
the species of the foregoing and succeeding divisions.) Determinate^
connate, not circumscribed, Perithecia scattered through the
stroma.

38. aS'. irregiddris, Sow. {h'oiun-jieshcd Sphceria) ; erumpent
prominent irrop^ular clianging- from brown to black, light
reddish-brown \yithin, ostiola latent. Sow. t. ^lA.f. 9. Part. !
V. 2 .y 3. ?i. 1098. Fr. Sgst. Mgc. v. 2. p. 361.

On dead branches of Elm. May — Nov. Not rare, according to
Purton. — *'From the size of a pea to that of the largest hazel nut. Firmly
attached by a broad base, or free round the edge \\ith a thick stem, the
whole resembling a stud or clumsy button, irregular, semiglobate
flattened, circular or oblong." Part. JSISS. Certainly not circum-
scribed at the base.

39. *S'. quercina, Pers. {oah-bark Sphcrria) ; erumpent sub-
orbicular convex reddish-brown, at lengtli black, nearly of tlie
same colour within, ostiola ratlier prominent four-sided. Pers.
Syn. p. 24. t. 1. /. 7. b. Fr. Syst. Jlyc. v. 2. p. 3G2. Purt,
V. 3. n. 1590. Stromatosphccria quercina, Grcv. Fl. Fd. ;>. 358.

On oak branches. About Edinburgh, occasionally. Pr. Greville.
It lias also been found by iMr. Baxter. 1 liave seen no English speci-
mens.— This requires to be carefully distinguisheil from S. verritccc-
forinis, from wiiich it is known in every stage of growth by the absence
of the circumscribing black line. 1 suspect from Dr. Johnston's
dcscri[)tion and from the transmission of specimens to Ur. Hooker, tb.at
his S. quercina is S. leiphcnnia.

40. ,S'. lanciformis, Fr. {lanceolate Sjjhtrria) ; burstlnj;- fortli
transversely lanceolate convex black, at first cinereous within,
then bbickisli, ostiola at lenptli sliglitly prominent. Fr. (Jbs. 2.
p. 324. Syst. Jfyc. v. 2. p. 3G2. Scler. Succ. f n. 73. S.
bitulina, Sow. ! t, 37 l.f. G.

On birch bark. Sowerby.

244 FU^GI. [Spharia.

41. S. ferruginea^ Pers. {ferruginous Sphceria) ; bursting
forth transversely subrotund unequal black, stroma pulverulent
ferruginous, ostiola aggregate round spinulose. Pers. Syn,
p. 35. Ohs. Mijc, 1. t. 5. / 1, 2. Moug. ^ Nest. I n. 377.
Hook, Fl. Scot. 2. p. 6. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 363. Scler.
Suec. ! 9K 305. Piirt. MSS. Stromatosphceria ferruginea,
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 358.

On hazel branches, &c. Common " Ostiola even, very variable,

sometimes almost obsolete, sometimes very long, slender, flexuous equal.
Obsoletely circumscribed." Fr. I. c.

42. *S'. ceratosperma, Tode, {hortied Sphceria) ; erunipent
subrotund convex black, within dirty-white at length brownish,
ostiola spinulose close straight scabrous. Tod. Fung. Meek.

f. 131. Pers. Syn. p. 23. Moug. Sf Nest. ! n. 567.

On branches of Roses, Oak, &:c. Appin, Captain CarmicJiael.

43. S. Ilystrix, Tode, (Jiedge-hog Sphcsria) ; bursting forth
transversely depressed oval rather plain black, brownish within,
rostella distinct somewhat incrassated above. Tod, Fung,
3Ieck. f. 127. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p, 364. Moug. ^- Nest,
exs. n. 959, not 569.

On sycamore branches. Appin, Captain Carmichael ^he pustule

is brown within but covered with a distinct black stroma, which will at
once, when accurately observed, distinguish it from S. stilbostoma, var.
conferta.

44. >S'. Strumella, Fr. {hlack currcmt-hranch SphcBrici) ; burst-
ing forth transversely depressed elliptic, nearly plain black,
stroma cortical, ostiola cylindrical even. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 2.
p. 365. Scler. Suec. ! n. 115. Moug. 4" Nest. 7i. 9, 60. Ce-
nangium ribis. Purt. 3ISS.

On dry currant branches. Common. — Sporidia bipartite, constricted
in the centre, in dry specimens. Sometimes it bursts through the bark
; longitudinally. See Fr. El. 2. p. 74.

Div. 8. CoNCRESCENTES. (^Nomed from tlic crowdcd suhsimph
perithccia.) Stroma effused, indeterminate, innate not erunipent^
connate, ivithout any circumscribiiig line, Perithecia inore or less
emergent,

45. S. spinosa, Pers. (spinous Sphceria) ; very widely effused
emergent jet black, perithecia at length connate, ostiola spinous
thick four-sided sulcate. Pers. Syn. p. 34. t. 2. /. 9—12.
Moug. 4' Nest. ! 7i. 376. Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 2. p. 368. Scler,
Suec. ! 71. 11. Fl. Dan. t, 2038./. 2.

On wood. "Botanic Garden. 0:^{ovd, 3Ir. Baxter ^ Purt. MSS.
— " Spreading over the wood for a great space and staining it black ;
when young immersed, scabrous, villous, rugose ; perithecia almost free
covered wkh a thin crust, when old subemergent remarkable for its
large prominent pyramidal or irregular always rugged ostiola. Perithecia
ovato-globose, rather large, joined by a thin crust." Fr. I c.

Sphcrria.] FUNGI. 245

46. S. spicidosa, Pers. (spiculate Sphcerici) ; effused immersed
black, peritliecia globose, ostiola very slender long round
eriimpent. Pers. Sijn. p. 33. Fr. Syst. ]\lyc. v, 2. jo. 369.
Scler, Suec. ! n. 307. >V. curvirostra^ Soiv. ! t. 373. /. 5.

On branches of willows or even on tlie more woody portions of her-
baceous plants. Appin, Captain Carmichacl. Northamptonshire,
Jiev. M. J. Berlielcy. — Fries informs us that he has received it from
Dr. GrcviUe. Staining the branches on which it grows of a bright
shining black. Pcrithecla immersed in the wood, irregularly scattered,
sometimes grouped.

47. S. disctifiens, Berk, (veiled spiculate Sphccria) ; broadly
effused, peritliecia sunk in the inner bark at length throwing
off tbe epidermis by means of tlieir long cylindrical rather
scabrous ostiola, covered with a dull black stroma.

On branches apparently of Elm. Near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville
in Hooli. Herb. Northamptonshire, llev. JM. J. Jjcihehy. — Bearing
exactly the same relation to S. spiculosa that S. vclata bears to S. lata.
Evidently distinct from its coarser ostiola. The specimens from Dr.
Greville in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium are unnamed.

48. 'S'. lata, Pers. (broad SpIt<Tria) ; broadly effused emer-
gent unequal, peritliecia close sunk in the wood, covered with
a thin black stroma, ostiola slightly prominent conical. Pers.
Syn. p. 29. Hooh. Scot. 2. /;. 6. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 369.
Scler. Suec! n. 112. Moucj. S)- A'esf. ! n. 56(5. S. papillata,
Jioffin. Vey. Crypt. 1. t. 4. f. 3. Stromatcsplueria lata, Grcv.
FL Ed. p. 357.

On wood, dry branches, &:c. Con^mon. — Often confounded with
tlie following species. Generally cfiiiscd for some inches but sometimes
interrupted, in which state it is niarked as Dr. Greville's aS*. undulata
m Dr. Hooker's Herbarium, but probably by a slip of the pen, as the
figure appears to have been taken from the true plant. Staining the
wood on which it grows dull black, rough with the slightly prominent
shining ostiola. S.J'ulir/inosa, Sow., as stated above, is S.fusca.

49. S. leiophica, Fr. (patc/ty Sphcrria') ; emergent interrupted
even black, of the same colour within, jierithccia close, ostiola
very small at length umbilicate. Fr. Sy.st. J/yc. v. 2. p. 370.
Sclcr. Suec./ cm. n. 112. P. S. imimrsa, Sow. ! t. 374. f. 1.

On wooil and ilry branches ; ccjually common, I believe, with the last.
— Distingui>hablc by its interrupted nioile of growth, more even .surface
and far more minute ostiola. 1 am (jnite certain that 1 am correct as
to the synonym of Sowerby, whose figured specimen is now before me,
and the black line penetrating the wood is much exaggerated. In other
.•specimens it runs nearly parallel with liie .surface of the branch from
))utth to patch, exactly ns in the .specimens of Erics also before nic.
Indeed lliis ought not to l)e matter of surprise, ns S. spicfilosa sends
t)Ccasionally into the wood black creeping lines. See /'/•. PI. 2. p. lb.
S. picca. Sow., I believe to be ^'. co/ucrens.

50. S. dcctpicjis, Dec. ( flower -lihc S/Jnrria) ; effused peri-
tliecia ovate-oblong immersed covered with tliegrey-bhick bark,

246 FUNGI. [Sjyhceria.

ostiola hemisplierical rugose hollowed out. Dec. Fl. Fran. 2.
p. 285. S.Jioriformis, Sow.! t. 297.

On bark of the Hornbeam. Hainault Forest. Soiverb!/. — The plant
of Sowerby is referred by Fries in his Index Alphaheticus to S. lailli-
aria, bat an inspection of o:iginal specimens compared with the figure
which is very characteristic, shows clearly that it is the plant of De
Candolle cited above, with which it agrees even to the peculiar matrix.
Perithccia ovate-oblong, with a rather long neck, surmounted by the
beautifully radiato-rugose more or less deeply umbilicate ostiola.

51. S. fimeti, Pers. (compound dung Sphceria) ; crust-like
immersed black, perithecia oblong at length connate, ostiola
elongated, conical, emergent. Pers. Syn. p. 64. Fr. Sysf.
31yc. V. 2. jy. 373. Seler. Suec. ! n. 269.

On horse and cow-dung. Appin. Captain Cc'n«2c/za^/, who appears
to have found it abundantly.

52. >S'. veldta, Pers. (veiled SphcEria) ; broadly effused thin,
perithecia scattered immersed^ covered with a black membrana-
ceous crust, ostiola erumpent. Pers. Syn. p. 32. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 375. Scler. Suec. ! n. 225. — b. emersa, Soiv,
t. 372. /. 10.

On fallen branches of lime.— b. Sowerhij. " Surrounding the branches,
and grov/ing in the inner bark, perforating the epidermis with the
ostiola and at length throwing it off. Perithecia minute, erect, ovato-
globose, sometimes solitary, sometimes irregularly aggregate, scarcely
disposed in circles, by no means stipate, nestling in the bark itself,
covered with a thin patchy stroma, which is tuberculated with the
perithecia : ostiola erumpent, irregular, opaque." Fr. I. c.

*** Amphipheric/e. Compound, perithecia attenuated and
elongated above, disposed in circles, convergent, surrounded by a
spurious jjersisfent stroma.

Div. 9. CiRCuiMscRiPT/E. (Named from the stroma being in-
cluded in a proper conceptaculum.) Stroma formed from the
bark contained i?i an entire (not dimidiate) black conceptacidum
ivhich covers it on all sidcA and is adnate at the base. Perithecia
irregularly disposed in circles piercing the conceptaculum by their
rather long converging necks. Ostiola rather long.

53. >S'. Prundstri, Pers. (sloe-tree Sphceria); lentiform, stroma
formed of the bark, ostiola elongated crowded 4 — 6-angled
sulcate subdivergent. Pers. Syn. p. 37. Moug. ^ Nest. I
n. 378. Hook. Scot. 2. p. 6. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 380.
Scler. Suec. ! n. 226. Stromatosphceria prunastri, Grev. FL
Ed. p. 358.

On branches of the Sloe. Common. — Bursting forth transversely.

54. S, stelhddta, Fr. (star-mouthed Sphceria) ; subrotund
immersed, stroma white or dirty-white circumscribed, ostiola
short ovato-globose radiato-stellate. Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 2. /?. 38 1.
Scler, Suec. ! n. 442. Johnst. Fl. Bene. 2. p. 122.

SpJiccria .] FUNGI. 247

On dry elm brandies. Berwick. Dr.Juhnston. Scotland. KlofzscJi
in Hook. Herh. Northamptonshire, not uncommon. Rev. M. J,
Berkeley. — This species appears to vary greatly as to the size of the
patches, their manner of bursting through the bark, the colour of the;
stroma and the length of the ostiola. Sometimes the osiiolx arc
crowded and pierce tiie epidermis in a fascicle, but occasionally they
are irregularly scattered, the patches .somewhat confluent, and the whole
surface of the branch j)ierced by single ostiola, which, though varyirg
in length, are always curiously sulcate.

55. S. e72teroleiica, Fr. (^while-fleshed Sphcrria) ; orbicular
convex free, stroma white, peritlieciii small, ostiola crowded
free globose or beaked somewhat wrinkled. Fr. Sijst. ISIyc. r.
2. y^. 381. Variolaria ccratosperma, Biiil, t. 432. y. 1.

On dried branches. Apethorpe, Norths., Bcv. M. J. Berkeley. —
Pustules '2 — 3 lines broad at length In- the decay of the bark free.
Stroma white below, darker above being almost obliterated by the
crowded necks of the small perithecia. Ostiola rather rugged globose
or beaked on the same stick.

56. S. extensa, Fr. (broad-cnistcd Sphccria) ; convex, con -
nected by an effused and^ient crust, stroma fibrous, perithecia
ovate, ostiola crowded free oblong- even. Fr. Obs. I. p. 175.
(, 3./. 2. Sf/sf. Myc. v. 2. p. 381. — b. Bhanini ; slightly adnale
above with the epidermis, contents of the perithecia blackish.

b. On Bhamnus catharticus. Rockingham Forest. April. Bcv.
M. J. Berkeley. — Bursting forth transversely, the short crowded obloi i;
shining ostiola being alone visible ; when the epidermis is removed a
pale mark is seen round the ostiola from a portion of the cuticle bein*!j
adherent. Pustules connected by a brownisii-black fibrous ambient
crust. Stroma fibrous. I propose this as a form of *S'. e.rtensa rather
than as a new species, as it agrees in so many characters.

57. *S'. corniciddta, Ehr. [spurred Sphecria) ; innate, stroma
dirty-white covered with a black conceptaculum, perithecia
decumbent, ostiola clouded subcylindric distinct, even. Pcrs.
Syn. p. 40. Kecs.f. 330. JIoo//. Scot. 2. p. 0. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 358. StromcUospharia ccriiiciiiata, Gicv. FL Fd.
p. 357.

On dead branches of various trees. Not unfrcqucnt nccordirg to
Br. (ireville. — " Concealed beneath the bark (epidermis) except the
orifices, which are considerably exscrted. Ostiola pretty constDutly
uinbilicated." Grcv. l. c.

58. S. Jihrosa, Pers. {flhn.iis Sphinia^ ; innate conico-
dopressed cojiiu'cted by an «'iViisi'(l andticut fibrous crust, stroma
fdn-ous, osti<da crowih'd stdjrotmid even hhiniiig. Pirs. Syn,
p. 40. t. 2. j: 3, 4. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 384. Sclcr. Siuc. !
w. 381.

On Blackthorn. Colterstock, Norllis. Bcv. M. J. Bukrhy.^-
Ptistulfft roundish slightly raisinir tiie epidermis nnd rendering it p:df ;
when the epidennis is stripped oll'a pale ring is seen rinuul the ostiola
arising from the adherence of the cuticle ; eomiectcd by a brownish-black

*248 FUNGI. {Spharia.

fibrous crust. Stroma ^hxons. Contents of the /jertV/^f^cm blackish. There
is very little difference except in habit between this and the supposed
form of S. extensa described above ; the latter splitting the cuticle
transversely, whereas this merely raises it into little subelliptic in-
equalities.

Div. 10. Incuse. {Named from the stroma heing^ as it were,
set in the conceptaculuni.) Stroma formed from the hark contained
in a dimidiate patelliform conceptacidum, and covered above hy the
subconnate epidermis, through which it at length bursts by a wax-
like disc. Ptrithecia irregularly disposed in circles, more or less
crowded in the centre of the stroma and piercing it by the rather
short ostiola,

59. S. nivea, HofFni. (^snow-ivhite Sphceria) ; conic, stroma
white contained in a close dimidiate conceptaculuni, which easily
separates from the bark, disc truncate mealy almost snow-white,
ostiola slightly prominent globose even. Hoffm. Veg. Crypt.
t. 6./ 3. With. V. 4. p. 338. Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 278. Purt. /
V. 3. n. 1526. Hook. Scot. 2. p. 6. Fr. Syst. 3Ijjc. v. 2. p. 386.
Scler, Suec. ! n. 76. >S'. marginata, Sow. I t. 372. f. 7. Stro-
^natosphceria nivea, Grev. Fl. Ed, p. 358. S. leiicostoma, Johnst,
Fl. Beriv. 2. p. 122.

On branches of various trees, but especially poplar and hawthorn.
Common. — Sp. nivea, Sow. ! is clearly S. ovina ; a false reference
being made to Hoffmann. It can only be by a slip of the pen that
Fries has referred to it, as the figure alone is quite decisive. The
plant is however figured by Sowerby under the name given above from
specimens on Popalus Treraula communicated by j\Ir. Templeton.
According to specimens, S. nivea, Grev. I. c, is S. leiphcRmia, but
possibly there may be some mistake in the labelling.

60. >S'. leucostoma, Pers. (ivhite-moiUhed Sphceria) ; somewhat
conic, stroma cortical contained in a close dimidiate concepta-
culuni, disc truncate white, perforated by the black poriforni
ostiola. Pers. Syn. p. 39. Nees, f. 332. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 387. Scler. Suec. ! n. 258. Purt. MSS. S. pustu-
lata, Moug. ^' Nest. ! n. 659. S. talus, y. pileata^ Tode, Fung.
Mcch.f. 96.

On the branches of different species of P;v/?j?/5. Very common. —
*' At first altogether resembling a Cytispora with 1 — 2 black included
ostiola, but when perfect bearing many minute exserted now and then
slightly prominent ostiola. It differs from the foregoing in the nature
of the disc, the obliterated stroma, and the more adnate conceptaculuni."
Fr. I. c.

61. S.anguldta, Fr. {ringed Sphmria) ; loosely circumscribed,
stroma cortical, perithecia few crowded in the centre, disc plain
black, ostiola exceedingly small. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 390.
Scler. Sued n. 72. El 2. p. 76. Stromatosphceria nigro-
annidata, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 358.

On branches of beech, birch and lime. Edinburgh, Dr. GreviUe.

Sphcsria.l FUNGT. 249

Sowerbij, Herb. King's Cliffe, Norths., Rev. 31. J. Berhehy.—lx\ the
early stage the stroma is white, which accords with Grcvillc's i)lant now
before me. His specimens, however, have not a distinct concep/aculum,
but they are evidently young, and I presume Fries has received the
perfect plant, and I therefore follow him.

62. S. takola, Fr. {graft SphcEria) ; loosely circumscribed,
stroma cortical, peritliecia crowded in the centre, disc white,
ostiola even immersed punctiform. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 390.

On oak branches. King's Cliffe, Norths. liev. 31. J. Berhelei/.

63. S. profusa, Fr. {sooty Sphceria) ; peritliecia globose cir-
cumscribed with a variable black line, immersed in a broadly-
expanded snbicuhim, ostiola slightly prominent seated in a
minute dirty-white disc. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 392. Scler.
Suec. ! 71. 11. 3Ioiiff. Sf Nest. ! n. 871. in part.

On branches of llobinia Pseudacacia. Apethorpe, Norths, lieu.
M. J. Berkeley. — The groups of peritliecia are connected in the same
manner as in S. extensa Sf Jibrosa.

64. S. dissepta, Fr. {chambered Spliceria) ; loosely circum-
scribed, perithecia scattered large saucer-shaped, ostiola erum-
pent somewhat united. Fr. Syst. BIyc. v. 2. p. 392. Scler.
Suec. ! 71. 224. S. Salimius, Sow. ! t. 2\6.

On branches of trees. Soicerb//.— The plant of Sowerby, on apricot
grafts, which is referred doubtfully by Fries to »S'. leip/uemia, most cer-
tainly belongs to the present division, and so greatly resembles the
polymorphous S. dissepta, that 1 have no doubt it is one of its forms.
The scutelliform conceptacidum which is 1 \—2 lines broad is most
distinct elliptic or slightly flexuous from the confluence of two indivi-
duals ; in the centre is a single peritheciurn, rarely two, covered with a
dingy substance with a darker slightly prominent 05^/o///;« in the centre,
and a slender neck, separated from the conceptacidum by the loose wood-
coloured cortical stroma.

Div. 11. OrtVALLATiE. {Named from the covcrcd '!^\\^in\Qi.)
Stroma formed of the hark without any proper conccptaculum,
jmsiulaform ; ostiola collected into a disc.

Qii). S. coro7idta, Iloffui. {crown-lihc Sph(rria) ; peritliecia
rather irregular disposed in a circle, ostiola even (»btnse, at
first globose crowded, at length beaked. Iloffm. Vey. Crypt.
1. t. 5./. 4, 5. Ftlh. n. 1357. With. v. 4. p. 302. Schmidt. 3/yc.
Hef 2. t.\. f 14. Pint. V. 2 S; ^. n. 1090. Fr. Syst. 31 yc.
V. 2. p. 395.

On drv branches of oak, dog rose and hawthorn. Appin, Coptcin
Carmich'ael. Kini;'s Clifle, Norths., Rev. 31. J. Jhr/ulr//. It has been
found also by Jitlhan cS' Rurtou.

06. S. abirtis, Fr. (Jir-branch Sphcnia) ; immersed, str(Mua
thin dirty-wliite, perithecia ovate aggregat<s ostiola oblong even
thick collected into a disc. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 39S. Sclrr.
Suec! n. 77. Cucurhdaria Pinastri, O'rev. Srf>t. Crypt. IV.
e. 50. cxcepti7ig the red jnrithccia which arc S. epispluena. See
Fr. El. 2. p. '79.)

250 ruNGi. [Sphceria,

On the smaller branches of Pinus abies. About Edinburgh. Dr,
Grevilie.

67. S. leijyhcemia, Fr. (wood- coloured Sphccrici) ; pustulate,
stroma cortical pallid as well as the erumpent disc, ostiola
exserted ovate or beaked. Fr. Syst. Mi/c. v. 2. p. 399. Scler.
Sicec. ! n. 73. S. cerafosperma, Purt. 3ISS,

On dead oak branches. Durham. Hook. Herb. Neighbourhood
of Berwick. Johnston, sent to Dr. Hooker under the name of S. ver-
TUCtF.formis. Purton. — When the epidermis is stripped off, the bark
appears raised into round even pustules with a distinct pallid yellowish
disc, entirely destitute of any conceptaculum by which it is distinguish-
able from species of the foregoing division and especially from S. tuleola.
The pustules at length acquire a blackish tinge.

68. S. turgiday Pers. {tumid beech Sphceria) ; pustulate,peri-
thecia globose nearly erect close, ostiola obtuse convex at length
exserted from a minute narrow disc. Pers. Obs. Myc. v. 1.

p. 17. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 400 b. S.faglnea, Pers. Syn,

p. 44. Fr. ! Scler. Suec. n, 262. Cryjotosphceria faginea^

Grev. Fl Ed. p. 359.

On branches of beech. Common. — The branches on which it grows
and which it generally surrounds are of a bright red-brown. T\\e j^^ri-
thecia vary in size, and in the number grouped together, which is from
3—8, their ostiola collected in an erumpent brown disc. Most of the
British specimens I have seen marked as the present species are /S*.
quaternata. Indeed, Moug. ^- Nest. n. 1/9, appears to me to be that
species.

69. S. salicina, Pers. (Willoio Sphceria); pustulate, peri-
tliecia globose disposed in circles, disc at length white pierced
with one or two pores, ostiola globose very minute at length
exserted. Pers. ! Syri. p. 47. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 401.
Scler. Sited n. 10. >S'. cancellata, Tod. Fung. Meck.f. 107.

On willow twigs. Common. — " Perithecia distinct, thin, minute,
about eight in every circle, their necks united into a minute waxy slightly
promine^it disc, which is at first dingy, then white pierced with a black
pore, when it is very like S. leucostoma, but when perfect, the disc is
obliterated by the shining globose ostiola." Fr. I. c. — S. salicinay
Part. 3Iidl. FL, according to specimens before me, is Phacidiura car-
hoRacewu.

70. ♦S'. ambie?is, Pers. (ambient Sphceria) ; perithecia im-
mersed disposed in circles, ostiola even subglobose surrounding
a dirty-white waxy disc. Pers. Syn. p. 44. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 2. p. 403. Scler, Suec. ! n. 8. Moug. ^^ Nest! n. 872. FL
Dan. t. 2039./. 1.

On branches of various trees, but especially Rosacece. Very
common. — Sporidia oblong curved. Varying much in size, in the
degree of elevation above the general surface, and the colour of the disc,
which is sometimes jet-black. aS. ambiens, Johnst. I Fl. Berw.^ is
Cytispora carphosperrna.

71. S. stilhostomaj Fr. (black- sprinhled Sphceria) ; perithecia

Sphccria.] rUNGI. 251

disposed in circles, covered witli a waxy dil•ty-^yhite disc, ostiola
prominent scattered bursting forth and at length obliterating
the disc. Fr. Sijst. Myc, v. 2. /:>. 403, Scler. Sicec. ! n. 145 —
y. conferta ; disc irregnlar obliterated by the crowded ostiola,
S. Talus, var. conferta, Tod. Fung. Meek. f. 94. S. jilaianoides^
Pers. Sf/n. p. 45. Fr. ! Scler. Suec. n. 186. S, Hystrix,
Moug. 4' Nest.i n. 5G9. {corrected \mder n. 959.)

On branches of various trees. Apethorpe, Norths., llev. 31. J.

Berkelei/. On beech, laurel, &c On sycamore. Purton. — A very

variable species distinguished from the foregoing by the scattered
osliola.

Div. 12. CiRCiNAT-T^. {Named from the circidar aii'angcment
of the perithecia.) Pcrithecia disposed in a circle free ivithout
any heterogeneous disc or coiiceptactdum,

72. S. pidchella, Pers. {beaidifid SphcEria) ; perithecia glo-
bose decumbent circinating, ostiola very long flexuous obtuse.
Pers. Syn. p. 43. Necs, f 333. Moug. S; Nest. ! exs. n. 279.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 406. Scler. Suec. ! n. 146. CryptO'
sphccria pidchclla, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. f. 67. Fl. Ed. p. J360.

On branches of birch and cherry. Chiefly in subalpine districts —
There are two forms of this elegant species, the one smaller on the
birch, to which Fries' published specimens belong ; the other larger,
given by Mougeot ^^ Nestler. Both appear to be figured by Dr. Greville.

73. >S'. hypoddrmia, Fr. {circinating elm Sphccria) ; circinat-
ing, perithecia globose covered with a thin black crust, ostiola
subglobose crowded shining. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 407.
Scler. Suec. ! n, 32.

On dead branches of Elm. Soicerhy. — Introduced on the authority
of specimens in the Herbarium of Mr. Sowerb}', resembling exactly
those of Fries. Externally there are scarcely any traces of tiie presence
of the perithecia, except the small black spots in \vhich the ostiola are
seated.

74. S. fjucderndla, Pers. {(piaternate Sphccria); perithecia
generally grouped four together naked decumbent, ostiola short
obtuse even pierced. Pns. Syn. ]). 45. t. 2. f 1, 2. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. /;. 409. Scler. Suec. ! n. 9. Fl. Dan. t. 2039.

f. 2. S. faginea, Mong. ^ Nest.i n. 179. {at least in the copy
hifoTc me.) Part. 3ISS.

On beech branciies. Very common.— Per idiccia generally but not
constantly quaternate, decumbent, sometimes when the cpiilermis is
stripped oft' adhering to it, but occasionally left bchintl in the inner
bark. Ostiola collected together and perforating the bark by a little
black rugged convex tubercle.

75. S.furftirdccay Fr. {yellow frosted SpJurria) ; irregularly
circinating, j)orithecia globose niixed with yellow branny dust,
Ostiola verv short joined obsolelelv prominent. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 409.

252 FUNGI. ISpharia.

On branches. Fineshade. Norths., Rev, M. J. Berheley Peri-

thecia about 12 together their ostiola minute, black in a small flat disc,
which is not raised above the bark. Pustules on the same branch,
bursting the branch transversely or longitudinally ; sometimes three or
four are confluent giving the plant altogether a different habit like that
of aS. strumella.

76. S. convtrgens^ Tod. {convergent Sphceria) ; perithecia
about six together minute ovate circinating converging, as well
as the round somewhat attenuated erumpent ostiola. Tod.
Fung. Meek. /.111. Sow. t. 374. / 6. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 2.
2?. 410. Jolmst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 122.

On smooth bark. — I am very doubtful whether the species intended
by Sowerby was the true plant of Tode. There is no named specimen,
but I rather suspect that the plant he had in view was S. leiplicsmia.
I have, however, no certain ground to go upon, and, therefore, leave
the matter as it at present stands. »S. ohlonga, Sow., which is quoted
doubtfully under aS". vasculosa by Fries, with the remark, however, that
supposing the conceptaculum to have been overlooked, it agrees better
with S. melasperma, I believe to be S. prunastri ; though of this
again there are no named specimens. There is yet another species
figured by Sowerby of which I have had the privilege of examining
specimens, S. perforata, which appears to me to approach very near to
*V. hi/podermia, Fr., agreeing with it in having a thin black crust, which
in the present instance is quite even and concave. It does not, how-
ever, grow on the elm, but apparently on ash ; and as it seems not to
have attained its most perfect form, I judge it expedient to leave it to
future investigation.

**** EpiPHERiCiE. Not strictly coiupoimd. Perithecia naked,
destitute of a neck, seated upon a stroma which is frequently
spurious, but at first covered with the matrix.

Div. 13. CyESPiTOSiE. Perithecia ccBspitose, superficial, free
seated upon a subinnate erumperd stroma.

77. S. cinnabcirifia, Tod. (vermilion Sphceria) ; csespitose,
perithecia globose corrugated vermilion at length brownish,
ostiola papillseform. Tod. Fung. Mech.f. 68. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 412. S.fragiformis, With. v. 4./?. 359. Sow. ! t. 2bQ.
Purt.! V. 2 ^ i. 7i.'l083. S. decolorans, Pers.! Sy?i. p. 49.
Moug. Sf Nest. / ?i. 570. Fr. Scler. Suec. .' n. 184. Cucurbitaria
decolorans, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 359. C. cinnabarina, Sc. Crypt,
Fl. t. 135. Baxt. / 7?. 26.

On dead or dying trunks and branches of various trees. Winter and
Spring. Extremely common. — Easily known by its Yv\ggei\ perithecia.
The stroma appears to me most certainly Tubercidaria vidgaris. See
Fr. El. p. 79. The ostiola are frequently very indistinctly papillae-
form.

78. S. ochrdcea, Grev. {yellow-ochre Sphceria) ; caespitose,
perithecia globose furfuraceous bright yellow-ochre, ostiola
impressed papillseform. Grev.! MS S. Fr,Eh2.p.l^.

SphcBria.] rUNGI. 253

On twi<TS. Very rare. Durham, Dr. Greville. — This most beauti-
ful and curious species resembles very much the foregoiui^, but is dis-
tinct in the colour both o( the peri I hecia and stroma, which latter is at
length black. Fries informs us that he has received the stroma quite
naked and a true Tubcrcularia, as he believes, Tubercularia lutesce/ts.
Link.

79. S. coccinea, Pers. {carmine Sphccria) ; ccespitose, perl-
tliecia ovate even bright-red, ostiolti papillijeforin. Pers. Syn.
J). 49. Ic. et Dcsc. t. 12. /. 2. 3Ioug. 4' Nest. ! n. 180. Fr.
Si/st. 3I//C. V. 2. /;. 412. Scler. Sued ?i. 183. S. 3Iori^
With. V. 4. p. 359. Sow. ! t. 255. Purt. v. 3. 7i. 1520. Cu-
curhitaria cocci7iea, Grev. FL Ed. p. 359. Baxt. ! n. 25.

On branches of various trees. Common. — Sometimes very much
scattered and then frequently confounded with S. samjuinea.

80. S. aquifolia, Moug. (rrrspitose Ilolli/ Sphccria) ; csespi-
tose, stroniH yellowish within, perithecia globose rugulose
umbilicate from coUapslon, at first brick- red, then pale, at
length black. Moug.! MSS. Fr. El. 2. p. 82.

On branches of Holly. Apethorpe. Norths, liev. M. J. Berhclnj.
— My specimens are in rather an advanced state, but I am quite con-
vinced that they belong to the plant of INIougeot. The stroma still
retains some of the yellowish tinge, and the perithecia which are
collapsed and rugulose are of an olivaceous black, in smaller tufts than
in Mougeot's specimens as they grew on very thin twigs.

81. >S'. Lahumij Pers. (Laburnum Sphccria); ca»spitose,
stroma subcompact, perithecia globose rugulose black, ostiola
papilla^form. Pers. ! Sj/n. p. 50. Nccs, f.'d'lr). Fr. Syst. Mt/c.
V. 2. p. 413. Scler. Sued n. 34. Moug. ^y Nest.! n. 873.
Purt. ! V. 3. n. 1522 ? Johnst. ! FL Berw. '2. p. 123.

On dead branches oi Ci/lisns Labunuim. — The only British specimens
I have seen are from Dr. Johnston found near Berwick, but, thouiiii
certainly the true plant, they are not in a very perfect state. Purton's
plant perhaps is doubtful, as he describes it wiien young as red, smootii,
nnd transparent. Possibly he may have had in view *S'. rudis, which
in some states resembles somewhat the present species.

82. S. (lioica, Mong. (two-ranhtd Sphccria); ca}spitosc,
stroma cortical, perithecia placed one over the otiier unequal
not collapsing black at length pierced. Moug. ! t.xs. in Ilooh.
Herb. Fr. FA. 2. ;;. 82.

On branches of trees. Appin. Captain Carmichatl. — Scattered or
forming roniul prominent tufts, even on the same branch. Captain
Carmichael's specimens arc referred in Hook. Ihrb., by Klot/sch, to .S'.
comjlobata, but they differ so nnicli from the characters given by IVie--,
and agree so nearly with specimens from iSIougeot of ^V. dioira, that 1
cannot but consider tiicm as that species. In one point indeeil
Mougeot's, as also the Briti^h specimens, dirter from the account of
Fries, viz., that the perithecia have generally when olil one or two strong
cracks at the apex, which produce a sulcate appearance.

83. S. Berbcridis, Pers. (Barberry Sphccria) ; coespitose

254 FUNGI. [Sphceria.

perithecia globose moutliless at first red, then red-brown, at
length rimoso-rugose bhick. Pers. Syn. p. 52. Syst. Myc,
V. 2. p. 415. Scler. Suec. ! ?i. 35. Mouy. 4' Nest. exs. ! n. 874.
S. rufo-fusca, Fr, Obs, 1. t. 4./. 3. Cucurbitaria Berberidis,
Grev. FL Ed. p. 359. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 84.

On dead branches of the Barberry. About Edinburgh. Dr. Greville.
Tufts mostly elongated.

84. S. cupiddris, Pers. (cup-like Sphceria) ; casspitose, peri-
thecia globose rugulose moutliless black collapsing and then
cup-shaped. Pers. Syn. t. 1. /. 9, 10. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 416. Scler. Sued w. 231. Moug. 8^ Nest.! n.77\. S.
corticulis, Purt. v. 3. n. 1523.

On branches of various trees, as plum, elm, &c. Purton — Oundle.
:N^orths. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley.— Perithecia, as Fries remarks, veiy
much resembling those of S. tristis.

85. S. Vacci7iii, Sow. (Cow-berry Sphceria); csespitose,
superficially innate, perithecia subglobose moutliless jet-black,
at first villous then naked. Sow. ! t. 373./. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 2. p. 409. Scler. Sued n. 51. S. accumulata, Moug. §'
Nest. ! ?z. 665.

On living branches of Vaccinium Vitis Idcea. — Soiverhy, whose
specimens exactly accord with those of Fries and Mougeot, though his
figure does not represent correctly the form of the perithecia. — Dis-
posed in roundish tufts which generally become confluent and form
longitudinal, irregular masses immediately beneath the bunch of leaves.

86. S. nidula, Sow. (nest-like Sphceria) ; csespitose, super-
ficially innate, perithecia crowded globose papillate black very
minute punctato-rugose. Sow. ! t. 394. /. 2. Fr. Syst. 3Tyc.
V. 2. j9. 418.

In little hollows of bean roots. Soicerhy — This scarcely appears to
be the riglit situation for Sowerby's plant, as there is no stroma ; but
as the specimens preserved by Sowerby are very imperfect, I do not
think it expedient to remove it to the Caulicol^, which is perhaps
the more proper place. The species itself appears to be distinct ; at
least I knov/ of none to which it can be referred.

Div. 14. CoMFLUENTES. Perithecia at first immer so-innate,
at length bursting forth and nearly free, confluent.

87. S. gyrosa, Schwein. (gyrose Sphceria) ; subrotund con-
fluent orange-vermilion, stroma yellowish, perithecia gyrose
pulverulent at length slightly prominent. Schio. ! Syn. Car.
n. 24. S.fiuens, Sow. ! t. 438. (420 lower figures.)

On thickish bark. New Forest. C. LyeJl, £57.— There is a slight
difference in the manner of disposition o^ the perithecia in the original^
specimens figured by Sowerby, compared with authentic specimens of
Schweiniiz, but not the slightest doubt remains on my mind that the
two plants are identical, the difference arising probably from age or
some' other accidental circumstance. In both the stroma in the dry
plant is of a bright rhubarb-colour.

SphcBria.-] ruNGi. 255

88. >S. melogrdmma, Bull, (brownish coi^flaent SphcBrici) ;
roundish obconic blackish-brown, peritliecia confluent slightly-
prominent. Pers.l Syn.p.V^, 31oug, ^^ Nest. ! n. 21^, Fr.
Si/st. Myc. V. 2. p. 420. Scler. Succ. / ?i. 382, 441. *S^. rugosa,
var. 2. Purt. v, 3. p. 289. Variolaria melogramma. Bull.
t. 492. f. 1.

On dead branches of the beech spreading in regular series for many
inches. Soicerhij ! Herb. Purlon. Oundle, ^"orths., Rev. M. J.
Berkeley.

89. >S'. elongdta, Fr. (elongated conjiaent Sphceria) ; black,
stroma very long- ambient effused, perithecia at first immersed,
then erumpent subcaespitose globose marked with a depressed
ring round the papillseform ostiola. Fr. Obs. 1. ;;. 175. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 422. Scler. Siiec. ! n. 33. 3Ioug. S)- Nest. I n. 875.
Cucurbitaria elongata, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 195.

On branches of various trees and shrubs of the Order LegitminoscB.
!Not unfrequent about Edinburgh on Furze. Messrs. Wauyh ^" GreviUe,
who also find var. /3. simplex, Scler. Suec. ! ii. 231. — " Sporidia oblong
yellow compressed, marked with 3 — 4 transverse striae and«one which
is longitudinal." Grev. I. c.

90. S.fidigijwsa, Pers. (dirty brow?i Sphceria) ; somewhat
effused erumpenti-innate perithecia confluent globose stuffed
jnouthless dingy-brown-black. Pers. Syn, p. 52. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 423.

On Willow branches. Sent by Purton to Sowerby. Apethorpe,
^Norths., Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — "Remarkable on account of the interior
bark swelling under the black, very thin, true siroyna, into a thick waxy
olive-yellow siibiculuin. Perithecia unequal, sometimes free, sometimes
confluent, nearly even, opaque at length pierced with a simple pore."
Fr. I. c. — Specimens markeil by Persoon prove to be .S". elongata on
the bark of a Robinia. S.falifjinosa, Moug. & Nest., is aS". gue?-cufnn.
Schwein. Fries doubts whether it may not be the young state of
Cenangium fuliginosinn, and tlicrc is great reason to believe that his
surmise is correct.

91. >S'. DotJiidca, Aioug. (Polhidea-lihe Sphceria^; subrolund
erumpenti-innate, stroma pale brown, perithecia globose some-
Avhat immersed stuffed with while jellv. Fr. Syst. Myc. r. 2.
p. 424.— b. Rosa^ Scler. Suec. ! oi. 308. Fr. El. 2.* p. 86.
Moug. SfNest..' n. 971. Xylo'ma RoscCy Johnst. ! FL Berw.
2. p. 140.

b. On living rose stems. Extremely common. — Forming irregular
tubercles covered with the epidermis which is cracked with irregular
flexuous fissures.

DlV. 15. Seriat.i:. Perithecia disposed in parallel rotes.

92. >S'. fdicina, Fr. (bracken Spharia) ; subinnato parallel
eonfluent shining black, bursting forth l)y paralhd cracks, stroma
black, perithecia connate disposed in row s. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.
o. ;j. 427. Sckr. Suec. ! n. 48. Johnst. Fl. Berw, 2. p. 119.

256 FUNGI. [Spharta.

On stems of Pte7-is aquilina. — Common ; but every black spot oc-
curring on the stems of ferns is not to be presumed to be this species.
At first even, at length dotted with the perithecia. S. pteridis, Sow. !
is Lepto&troma filicinum.

93. >S'. Junci, Fr. {Rush SphcBiia) ; covered, at length burst-
ing forth by longitudinal chinks between the fibres, tubercu-
lated, perithecia in rows black witiiin, at first immersed in the
black stroma. Fr. Si/sL Myc. v. 2. p. 428. Scler. Suec. ! n,
5. Jo/uisL! FL Berw, 2. p. 119. 3Iouff. Sf Nest; n. 9Qi,

On stems o^ Juncus conglomeratus, &c. Common.

94. S. stricefdrmis, Fr. {striceform Sphmria) ; covered with
the innate blackened epidermis, at length bursting in the midst,
lanceolate short acute, perithecia in rows mouthless filled with
white jelly. Fr. Syst. Myc.v. 2. p. 428. Scler. Sued n. 195.

On the dead stems of larger herbaceous plants. Apethorpe. Norths.,
liev. M. J. Berkeley — Fries remarks that various species are called by
this name, and in consequence he has quoted no synonyms. My speci-
mens are the same with those published by Fries and like them grew
on the stem of some umbelliferous plant. Dr. Greville's species appears
different, and I therefore subjoin his character. " Black gregarious
forming linear or oblong striae smooth ; spherules very minute without
obvious mouths." Fl. Ed. p. 357. '• StricB half a line to above a line
long parallel. Spherules globose apparently without orifices and quite
concealed within the receptacle."

95. S. aru7idindcea, Sow. (compound reed Sphceria) ; erum-
pent linear with scarcely any stroma, perithecia in 1 — 2 rows
connate with a very obsolete ostiolum, black within. Sow. ! t,
336. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 429. Purt. v. 3. p. 287. \

On stems of reeds which have lost the sheathing bases of the leaves.
Common. — In my specimens the contents o( the perithecia are white.

96. S. nebidosa, Pers. (cloud-like Sphceria) ; covered, peri-
thecia very minute gregarious forming interrupted grey cloud-
like sublongitudinal spots, ostiola rather prominent acute.
Pers. Syn. p. 31. Nees, Syst. f. 341. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p.
430. Scler. Sutc! n. 197. Johnst. FL Berw. v. 2. p. 127.

Cryptosphceria 7iebulosa, Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 362.

On the smooth stems of herbaceous plants. Common. — Easily
known by its long grey patches dotted with the ostiola. S. maculans.
Sow., at first sight resembles this species, but the blackish patches cer-
tainly do not belong to the perithecia, which are indifferently scattered
all over the matrix, which is the leaf, I believe, of a Sparganiian.

97. S. longissima, Pers. {linear Sphceria) ; covered black,
perithecia minute running together into extremely long parallel
rows; ostiola obsolete. Pers. Syn. p.Q\. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.
2. 7?. 431. Scler. Sued n. 194. JoJmst. Fl. Beriu. v. 2. p. 127.

On stems of umbelliferous plants. Near Berwick, Br. Johnston

Known by the narrow linear, black patches, extending from joint to
joint. I have never met with the perfect plant, but have found what

Sphceria.] FUNGI. 257

appears to be an abortive state on the common wild parsnip, resembling
altogether the true plant, except in the total absence oi perithecia.

Div. 16. CoNFERT^. Perithecia aggregate, innate, nestUvg
under the epidermis of leaves,

98. >S'. grdininis, Pers. (grass Sphceria) ; covered unequal
rugulose rather prominent black, perithecia disposed indistinctly
in rows latent as well as the ostiola. Pers. Sf/7i. p. 30. Kces,
Syst, f. 314. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. /?. 434. Scler. Siiec. .' n,
282. Johnst. ! Fl. Berw. v. 2. p. 119. Moug. &> Nest. ?i. 876.

On the yet living leaves of grass. Extremely common.

99. S. Trifolii, Pers. (clover Sphceria) ; covered subrotund
rather prominent tuberculoso-rufjulose black, peritliecia immersed
in a pulverulent stroma. Pers. Syn. p. 30. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.
2. p. 435.

On the leaves of several species of clover. Appin, Captain Car-
rnichael. About Oxford on the same leaves with Pulythrincium Tri-
foliij Baxt. ! exs. n. 84.

100. S.Jimbridfa, ^ers. (Jiornbeam-leaf Sphceria) ; covered
perithecia crowded running together into a black tubercle,
ostiola erumpent spinulose surrounded at the base with a white
fringe-like collar. Pers. ! Syn. p. 36. Moug. ^- Nest. / ;^. 277.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. /?. 436. Scler. Suea n. 242. Klotzsch.!
Fung. Germ, exs./ 9i. 53. S. spiculosa, Batsch. Cont. l.f. 182.
S. Carpini, Iloffm. Veg. Crypt. \. t. l.f. 1.

On leaves of hornbeam. Local in consequence of the hornbeam
itself being confined to particular districts. Abundant in Sutfolk, J//-.
Stock. — It is curious that Sowerby never appears to have met with
this species though accustomed to woods abounding with hornbeam.

101. >S*. CoV//7/, Batsch. (hazcl-hcf Sphceria) ; covered, peri-
thecia distinct disposed in a circle, ostiola erumpent spinulose
surrounded with a white fringe-like collar. Batsch. Cont. '2.f.
231. Fr. Stjst. Myc.v.±p.i^G. Scler. Succ. .' n. 201. Moug.
SfNest.f 71. H77. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. .330. Johust. Fl.
Berw. V. 2. p. 128. Sph. fimbriata, p. Con/li, Ptrs. Syn.
p. 36.

On living leaves of hazL-l. Apparently not uncommon.— Kesemblirg
the foregoing sjjccics, l)ut easily distinguished by the iWsUiKt jH/ithtcIa
whicli are generally disi)osed iu a cin le. 'Jlic fringe arises from a small
circular portion of the epidermis which is raided up ami broken otf by
the [)rotruding perithecium.

102. S. malorum. Berk, (apple Sphuriu) ; globose or sub-
globose covered with the blackened cuticle, stroma blacki>h,
ostiola erumpent more or less strongly papiiia'forni.

On apples lying upon the ground. Winter. King's Clirte, Norths.,
Rev. M.J. JJerhcley. — ^Iac/ broadly cllij)tic, septate, filled with yellow-
ish green granules. This species comes very near to /. (jigantca, Mont.

258 FUNGI. [Sphceria-

Ann. des Sc. iV. S. v. 1. t. II. f. 2., and perhaps is only a state of it
modified by the more juicy matrix ; differing principally in being smaller,
and, as far as I have observed, not having the ostiola disposed con-
centrically. I have not found it in suiticient abundance to ascertain
whether the stroma penetrates entirely through the apple as is the case
in S. gigantea which grows on leaves of Agave Americana. When
dry the ostiolum is frequently crowned with a short minute golden green
irregular tendril oozing out from the perithecium. The perithecia vary
considerbly in size and in the degree of exsertion of the ostiolum. S.
malina, Fr. Obs. Myc, which is not noticed at all in the Index Alpha-
heticus, and consequently, I presume, discarded by Fries himself, is
evidently quite different.

103. S. yucc(S^ Schwein. (Yucca-leaf Sphcerid) ; innate at
first covered with the grey seceding epidermis, perithecia glo-
bose immersed, ostiola minute dot-like. Schivein. ! Syn, Car,
12, 88. Fr. Si/st, Mi/c. V. 2. ^j. 437. Purt 3ISS.

On decaying leaves of Yucca gloi-iosa. Alcester, 3Ir. Purton. —
*' In roundish unequal spots irregularly scattered, 1 line broad, not
prominent, penetrating the substance of the leaf, veiled at fii'st by the
epidermis." Purt. MSS. adopted from Fr. I. c.

104. S. hifrons, Schm. & Kun. (two-faced Sphcsria) ; minute
disposed in circles penetrating the leaf flattened black at length
splitting all round, perithecia slightly prominent convex at
length umbilicate. Fr, Si/st. Myc. v. 2, p. 438. S, circumval-
lata, Soiu, ! t, ^12,, f, 4, Xyloma bifrons, Dec, 3Iem. 3Ii(s, v. 2.
2). 322. f.S.f. II. X circinans, Moiig. S^ Nest! 7i. 480.

On dry oak leaves. Soicerhij. — Patches angular, not 1 line broad,
their shape being dependant on the meshes of the veins, seated on a
white spot ; perithecia one or more, at length naked from the upper
portion of the patch breaking off. This must not be confounded with
Pkacidimn dentatum,

105. S. ceuthocdrpa^ Fr. (popilar-leaf Sphceria) ; innate flat
angular opaque black scattered upon a pale spot, perithecia
latent generally solitary. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 439. Xy-
loma popidimwi, Pers. Syn. p. 107. Dec. Mem. Mus. v. 2. p.
325. Movg. &;Nest. ! n. 269. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 368.

On dry poplar leaves. About Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. — It appears
to me that the principal difference of tliis species arises from the looser
reticulations of the under side of the leaves. It is more scattered than
the last, rather larger and not shining.

106. >S'. ceidhosporoides, Berk. (Cexdliospora-like SphcBria);
stroma formed of the parenchyme of the matrix suhorbicular
reddish-brown circumscribed by a narrov/ distinct black line
penetrating the leaf, perithecia 6 — ^10 scattered covered pro-
jecting on eitlier surface, their apices seated on the upper side
of the leaf which is at length pierced with minute round orifices.
Ceidhospora circumscripta, Klotzsch in Hook. Herb.

On leaves of Prunus Luuro-cerasus. Near Edinburgh, Dr. Greville.
Aug. — Spots 1^ — 2^ lines broad, completely penetrating the leaf, so as

Sph<Bria.1 FUNGI. 259

to present nearly the same appearance on either side. Perithecia ap-
parently epiphyllous, but projecting almost equally on both surfaces of
the stroma. Asci oblong, distinct, containing several oblong septate
sporidia. The present species was marked as a Fhacidium by Dr.
lireville, but evidently merely from its external appearance. It has
the habit of the species in the division Depazca, but is, I think, fitly
placed in the present division. I have seen dried specimens only,
and cannot therefore say, whether it is found on dead or living leaves.

B. Simple.
***** SuPERFiciALES. Simple. Perithecia free hicorticaie,
seated on an effused villous suhiculum or altogelher superficial,

Div. 17. Byssised/E. Perithecia glabrous ^ seated on a tomen-
tose suhiculum.

107. >S'. aurdntiaf Pers. (orange SphcBria) ; perithecia gre-
garious subrotinid papillate oraiige-red emerging from the
effused suhiculum. Pers. Sgn. p. 68. Ic. 8)^ Desc. t. 11. /. 4,
5. Fr. Syst.Myc. v. 2. p. 440. El. 2. p. 91. .S'. aurea,
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 47. Fl. Ed. p, 364.

On rotten wood and decaying Puhjpori, as P. versicolor, scoticus,
sfjuamosiis. Not common. Ap\nn,Capt.Carmichacl. Newliston woods.
Messrs. Wauch and Greville. Duglesham, Klotzsch in H(foh. Herb.
Bungay, Mr. Stock.— \ have no doubt that Fries is quite right in his sus-
picion that Dr. Greville's S. aurea, is the S. aurautia, Pers., for though
I have no authentic specimens, Mr. Stock's plant (like that of Greville
on P. sfjuamosus) now before me so completely agrees with the figure
in the Sc. Crypt. Fl., that I feel myself at liberty to assume it as the
same. The perithecia are mostly scattered and in this case entirely
destitute of suhiculum, but here and there a few are collected together
upon a pale very thin suhicuhnn which might most easily be overlooked
unless attention were especially directed to the point. Captain Car-
iihchael's specimens exactly accord with the figure of Persoon. Those
of Klotzsch are api)arently scarcely mature and in consequence have
the perithecia immersed.

108. >S'. rosella, A. Sc S. {rose- coloured Spha^ria) ; peritliecia
gregarious globoso-ovate papillate deep rose-red seated on a
paler tomeiitose suhiculum. Alb. ^ Seine. Consp. t. 7. /. 3.
Grev, Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 138. Fr. Syst. JSIyc. v. 2. /7. 441.

On wood,2y^67t7>//o>y/,c'v:c. Not common. Apjiin, Cnpt.Carnuchael.
About Edinburgh, J)r. Grtvilk. Northamptonshire, but always bar-
ren, Itev. M. J. Utrh(hy.—The subicuhun in specimens before mc
varies from pale to deep rosc-rcd.

100. .S'. fifjuila, Fr. (sun-burnt Spharia) ; perithecia grega-
rious globose firm papillate brown-black emerging from a i)er-
sistent brown tomentose suhiculuni. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 442.
Muug. wV Nest. ! n. 965. S. byssiseda, (S. 'Fade, Fung. Meek,
f. 70. >S'. byssiseda, Pers. Syn. p. 67.

On rotten ^tick;:. Appin, Cajd. Cannichuth

260 FUNGI. [Sphceria.

110. S. bi/ssiseda, Tode, {greyish hyssoid Sphceria) ; peri-
tliecia scattered depresso-globose firm papillate cinereous seated
on a grey-brown interrupted fibrous subiculum. Tode^ I. c. f.
69. Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 2. p. 442. Grev. Fl. Ed, p. 363. >S'.
mammosa, With. v. 4. p. 360. Purt.f v. 2. Sf 3. w. 1085. t. 22.
S. papulosa^ Sow. t. 236. S. aquila^ Johnst. Fl. Berw. v. 2,
p. 124.

On wood, sticks, &c. Apparently not uncommon. — This and the
foregoing species are pronounced by Fries to be "bene distinctse."
They appear to me to run very much into one another ; the present
being frequently entirely enveloped in the subiculum and not merely in-
sident, nor is it by any means always scattered: while S. aquila^ if
Klotzsch be right in referring Carmichael's specimens to that species,
has them sometimes seated on a thin subiculum. Specimens of S.
aquila from Mougeot, exactly accord with the common state of the
present species ; his published specimens have the perithecia very much
smaller. The degree of obtuseness or acuteness of the papillce also
appears to me to vary. There is an allied species in Carmichael's col-
lection marked S. ossea, n. s. There are but three perithecia, and con-
sequently I have not thought it advisable to draw up a character ; they
appear to be entirely destitute of an ostiohim and one of the three,
which is more than a line broad, has a decided umbilicus at the apex ;
the subiculum is looser and coarser than that of S. aquila or S. byssi-
seda.

111. S.tristis, Tode, {jet-black by ssoid Sphceria) ; perithecia
crowded globose punctato-rugulose collapsed mouthless black
seated on a strigose subiculum. Tode, Fung. Meek. f. 67.
Pers. Ic. et Descr. t. 12. /. 5, 6. Fr. Syst. 3Ii/c. v. 2. p. 444.

Scler. Suec. ! ii. 386. Purt. MSS. (S. fusca, Alb. S)- Schwein,
p. 44.

/3. On sticks. Moreton Hall, Wore, Purton. Southwick, Norths.,
Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. — My specimens and those of Purton differ from
the common form in not collapsing ; and are doubtless /3. fusca, Alb.
and Schw. The whole at first sight resembling one of the larger Hel-
minthosporia. Perithecia minute. Sporidia oblong, sometimes slightly
curved, consisting of four articulations, the two terminal ones small and
pellucid, the two central ones many times longer, opaque.

Div. 18. ViLLOS^. Perithecia clothed ivith persistent down. ^^

112. S. ovi?m, Pers. {fleecy Sphcerici) ; perithecia subglo-
bose clothed with dirty white mucedinous down naked at the
base, ostiolum papillate at length black. Pers. Syn. p. 1\.
Fr. Syst.3Iyc. v. 2.p. 446. Scler. Sued n. 149. Purt, MSS.
S. 7iivea, Sow. ! t. 219.

On rotten stumps, &c. Not uncommon. Easily known by the

* Care must be taken not to refer to this division species which are downy-
only in an early stage, as S. serpens, &c.

SphcBria.] rUNGl. 261

above cbarncfers. S. UcJienoides, Sow! t. 372. f. 1*2. is Verrucaria
hucocephala, Ach. {E. B. t. 2G42,/ 2).

113. S. Brdssicce, Klotzsch, (cabhage-stalk Sphceria) ; peri-
tliecia conic, their bases innate, clotlied with dirty white arach-
noid down, ostiola naked simple jet-black. KL 3ISS.

On dead cabbage stalks. Appin, Capt. Carmichael This appears

to be a perfectly distinct species, having, to the naked eye, a very dif-
ferent appearance from the foregoing in consequence of the more naked
jet-black ostiola.

114. S. canescens, Pers. {hoary Sphceria); perithecia aggre-
gate globose and ovate hairy papillate hoary. Pers. Syn. p.
72. Fr. Syst. Myc. r. 2. p. 448. Sckr. Suec. ! n. 50.

On wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Perithecia forming a
dense stratum of a cinereous brownish or greenish hue, very hairy,
brittle.

115. S. strigosa^ A. & S. {hoary strigose Sphceria); peri-
thecia aggregate globose and ovate papillary beset all round
with long rigid hoary hairs. Alb. <^- Schw, t. b.f, 7. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 448.

On fir wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Distinguished from
the foregoing by its closer habit and tough not brittle substance.
Authentic specimens, however, in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium, from
fSchwcinitz, appear to me to belong to iS. canescens. The hairs in hotli
though giving the peritliecia a hoary appearance are not alwa} s white,
but frequently of a brownish or yellowish hue exactly as represented in
the figure quoted above.

116. S. liformisj Pers. {two-shaped Sphcrria) ; perithecia
subovate slightly tuberculate black clothed with strig0!»e hairs
of the same colour, ostiola somewhat elongated. Pirs. Si/n. t.
2. /. 14. Ic. Pivt. t. 24. /. 4. Kunz. Nye. Heft. 1. p. 108.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 448. — /3. terrestris ; perithecia crowded
seated upon a crust-like strigoso villous subicuhnn. Sow,! t.
S73.j: 7. S. biformis. (3. byssiseda, Juaiz. I. c. 109.

On wood and on the naked earth. «. King's C'litfe, Norths. Rev.
M. J. Bcrheltij. — /5, Kensington (Jardens, Suirerhi/. — Varying with a
sliort and long ostiolum. My specimens on earth have a short ostiolutn,
and a sul)olivaceous brown tinge. The spuridia form a liouhlc row
within the slightly incrassated atici, and are very lung slightly flcxuous
yellowish-olive, divided by many septa.

117. S. Pacodimn, Pers. (Pacodium-lihc Sphcrria); peri-
thecia subglobose rugulose hairy black ])apillary emerging from
a broad l)lack tomentose subicnlum. J\rs. Syti. p. 74. Fr.
Syst. Myc. r. 2. p. 44\). ScUr. Suec. f n. olo. S. hirsutci,
Grev. ! Fl. Fd. p. 304.

On decaying beech wood. Common. — Scattcrcil or densely grcpnri-
ous, brittle, the base inmiersed in the matrix ; suhiculum sumrtimcB
present on one part of the wood, and entirely wanting on another.

262 FUNGI. [Sphceria.

Sporidia cylindric, curved consisting of e'ght articulations, each con-
taining a sporidiolum.

118. S, hirsuta, Fr. {shaggy Sphceria) ; perithecia siihglo-
bose and ovate tuberculate black, covered with scattered hairs
of the same colour, ostioluni obsolete. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p.
449. iS. acinosa ; perithecia globose and subdepressed black-
brown. Batsch, Cont, 1./. 179. Sow. t. 386./. 3.

On dry wood. On Walnut, Stibbington, Hunts. J^ev. M. J.
Berlidey. — Mr. Sowerby's specimens were found on plaster, as appears
from the remains still adhering to the paper on which they were glued,
though the plant itself has fallen off. This makes it very doubtful
whefher his plant is the same with that of Fries.

1 19. S. pilosa^ Pers. {small hairy Sphcsria) ; black, perithe-
cia minute roundish-ovate nearly even beset with short hairs,
ostiola simple. Fers. Ic. Sf Descr. t. 10. /. 9, 10. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 450.

On wood. Very common. — »S. scopida, Sow. proves, on microscopi-
cal examination, ChcEtomium elatum.

120. S. hispida, Tode, (hispid Sphceria) ; black, perithecia
ovato-conic confluent with the ostiola clothed with short scat-
tered hairs. Tode. I c. f. 84. Fr: Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 450.
Fl. 2. p. 92. S. lignaria, ^Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 82.

On wood. Appin, Capt. Carmichael.

121. S. cdlva, Tode, (bald Sphceria); perithecia scattered
depresso-globose papillary even black beset below with shorfc
hispid hairs above smooth and shining. Tode, Fung. Meek. f.
83. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. jo. 451. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 364.

On wood and brr.nches. Auchindenny woods, Dr. Greville. Ape-
thorpe, Korths. Rev. M. J. Berlielcy. — My specimens are hispid all
over when young and gradually become smooth above. Sporidia.
broadly elliptic. ^S. calva. Johnst. ! Fl. Berw. appears to me a form of
/S'. comaia : it certainly does not belong to the present division. S.
sphinctrina. Sow ! t. 386, f. i., is Calicium turbinatum.

Div. 19. Denudat^. Subiculum none. Perithecia soon
smooth, rounded at the base nearly free ; ostiola persistent.

122. S. Peziza, Tode, (Peziza-like Sphceria);^ gregarious
soft, perithecia globose even subpapillary orange-pink, concave
when collapsed. Tode, Fimg. Meek. f. 122. Moug. 4' Nest.!
n. 483. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 452. Scler. Suec. ! n. 235.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 186. /. 2.— «. villifera. Hoffm. Bot.
Tasch. 2. t. 12. f. 2. Nees, Sysl.f. 361.— &. globifera. Peziza
hydrophora, Bull. t. 410. /. 2. Soiv. t. 23. Lycoperdon hy-
drophorum, With. v. 4. p. 347.

On very rotten wood. Not common. — The sporidia are represented
by Greville as contained in very slender asci so as to give them a moni-
liform appearance ; in Mougeot and Nestler's specimens I find them

Sphceria.] FUNGI.

26a

containing two sporidiola and conclude that when fresh or in an early
stage of growth they are septate.

123. S. j)fcttdsca, Berk, (orange-lead Spha;ria) ; scattered,
perithecia orange globose confluent with the subobtuse ostioluni,
base immersed.

On the soft wet decayed stump of a maple which had been hroken off.
Winter, rvockingham Forest, Norths. Rev. 31. J. Btrhdcij.— Peri-
thecia globose, but tapering above into the ostiolum, which varies some-
what in length, so as to have a slightly ovate appearance, immersed in
the soft white wood almost to the base of the ostiolum, of the same
colour as Peziza auraniia, with now and then a few indistinct fila-
ments. Asci broad above, like those of the following species. Spo-
ridia oblong, divided into four articulations each containing a nucleus.
I cannot but conceive this a distinct species, though, as a general rule,
too much stress ought not to be laid on microscopic characters ; but,
added to difference in habit, they ought certainly to have their weight.

124. S, affinis, Grev. {red HwutJdess Spl/ceria) ; scattered
globose persistent even orange mouthless base filamentous
wliitish. Grev. ! So. Crypt. Fl. t. 180./. 1. Fr. EL 2. p. 93.

On Stiqonema atrovirens {Cornicularia puhcscens, Ach.). Appm,
Captain Carmichael.—^ very interesting species which with great pro-
bability was presumed by its discoverer to be what is figured as tne
fructifi'cation of its matrix in Eng. Bat. I see no reason for doubting
with Fries that this is a Sphceria. Septate sporidia do not, I believe,
occur in true Peziza;^ and the asci are broader in S. tubceformis.

125. >S'. sanguinea, Witli. (Jjlocd-cohured Sphceria) ; scat-
tered soft very small perithecia ovate papillary blood-red.
With. ed. 3, v. 3. p. 473. (from Sibth.) Sibth. FL Oi\ p. 404.
Bolt. t. 121. Sow. I t. 254. Part. ! v. 2 ^- 3. 7i. 1519. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 453. Scler. Sued ii. 264. Grev. So.
Crypt, in. t. 175. /. 1. Baxt.! Ox. exs. n. 75.

On wood and sticks, very common— Fries' specimens arc far more
strongly papillary than any of British growth that 1 have seen. I
have found, but sparingly, on branches of elm, a nearly white variety;
and Fries informs us that he has received extremely pale specimens
from Weinniann. " Sporidia globose."

125. S. cpisphccria, Tode, (red parasitic Sphcnia) ; grega-
rious soft very small blood-red, peritliccia somewliat compress-
ed collapsing, i)apilla convexo-oblong. Todc^ P\iug. Mack. /.
89. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 454. Schr. Sacc.f n. 2G5.
EL 2. p. 93. Gnv. So. Crypt. FL t. 175. /'. 2.—;^. mcd'.a ;
aggregate, perithecia sul)globose llaccid snljpapillary. S. san-
guinea. (3. media, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 453. Cucinbitaria
pinastri, GrciK Sc. Crypt. PL t. 50, (in part). S. Furtoni,
Grev. ! Syn. Gen. cS' Spec. ;>. 23.

On various S/dtf/rias, but especially .S. Stigma. Common. — '* SpO'
ridia oval-oblong." In this ca>c again I have seen no liriti.di speci-
mens of the typical form exactly according cither with the figure of Tode, or
the specimens of Fries, as regards the papilla. U\^ (». media exactly

264 FUNGI. [SpJicsria,

agrees with Scotch specimens gathered by Klotzsch and Greville. The
state figured by Greville, t. 175. f. 2, which is not, as Fries supposes,
the same as his iS. media, is the form in which it occurs abundantly
throughout the midland and southern counties of England.

127. S. umbrina, Berk, {umber Sphceria) ; gregarious ovate
obtuse minutely papillary umber often pruinose at the apex.

On decaying bean-stalks. Dec. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev, M. J.
Berkeleij. — A^very distinct species, allied to 5. sanguinea.

128. S. pomiformis, Pers. (^apple-shaped Sphceria) ; rather
small black, perithecia apple-shaped even with an impressed
ring round the papillieform ostiolum. Pers. Syn. p. 65. /<?,
Pict, t. 5./. 4, 5, 3Ioug, Sf Nest. J 7i. 482. Fr. Si/st Myc. v.

2. p. 435. Scler. Sued n. 236. .S'. papillosa, Purt. ! v. 2 4-

3. n. 1099. excl. syn. — b. S. corona; scattered. Sow. J 393./. 7.
On wood. Not common. Sambourne, Purton. — Sowerby's plant

is upon young decorticated pithy elder shoots, and I have no doubt is
correctly considered a form of this elegant species. " Perithecia glo-
bose, rather thin, but slightly rigid, and in consequence collapsed only
at the apex." Fr. I. c.

129. S. mammcBformis, Pers. (ni j^ple- shaped Sphceria) ; large
black perithecia thin globose even, ostiolum papillseform. Pers.
Syn. p. 64. Ic. Pict. t. 5.f. 6, 7. Mouy. ^ Nest. n. ! 380. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 455. Scler. Suec. I n. 387. Hypoxylon
globidare, Bull. t. 444. f. 2,

On wood. Appin, Captqin Carmichael — Much larger than the
last, and, though sometimes slightly depressed, by no means collapsing.
S. papiliosa^ Sow. is certainly aS*. byssiseda.

iSO. S. siercordria, Sow. {simple dung Sphceria); black
sliining, perithecia globose rigid even, ostiolum papillseform.
Sow. ! t. ^bl.f. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 455.

On dune. Not common. Near Yarmouth, Mr. Dawson Turner. —
Rather larce, firm, thick, not collapsing in the least.— Another Sphceria
of a similar form, but far more minute, is extremely common on dung
of rabbits, cows, horses, &c., which according to specimens from>
Mougeot labelled " S. stercoraria, Fr. Syst. Myc, and Fr. in litt."
is referred by Fries to this species. I can, however, find no notice
of it. Sphceria solitaria, Sow. ! t. 367, f. 2., likewise unnoticed'
by Fries, growing upon earth appears intermediate between the two.

131. S. Bombdrda, Batsch. (bomb Sphceria); fasciculate
black-brown, perithecia elongated soft ventricose, ostiolum
papillaeform. Batsch. Cont. \.f. 181. Hedw. Crypt. Theor.t.
38. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 456. Scler. Suec. ! ?i. 266. S.
reptans, Soto. ! t. 395./. 1. (in text,/. 2.)

On rotten stumps. Not common. Kensington Gardens, Sowerby.
Cambridge, Ilev. M. J. Berkeley.— ^Vhen dry, sometimes compressed
laterally and rugose ; sometimes not the least collapsed.

132. S. spermoides, Hoffm. (seed-like Sphcsria) ; densely

SpktBria.] FUNGI. 265

crowded black peiithecia rigid globose minutely rugnlose,
ostiola obsoletely papillseform. Hoffm. Veg. Crijjjt. 2. t. 3. /.'
3. Moug. S)' Nest.! n. 486. Fr, Si/si, Mgc, v. 2. p. 457. Sckr.
Suec. ! n. 237. Grev. Sc. Crypt, FL t. 6. Fl. Ed. p. 363.
S. aggregata, With. v. 4. /?. 3G3. S. bomhardica, Bolt. t. \:1'2,
f. 2. Soiu. ! t. S7'2.f. 4. Purt. v, 2 Sf 3. ?^. 1094. Lycoper^
don nigrum. Light. Fl. Scot. v. 2. p. 1069. ^ 31.

On rotten stumps. Very common. — Spreading for several inches in
a continuous crust, rarely scattered.

133. S. sorddria, Fr. (scurf-lilie Sphceria) ; subemergent
gregarious black, perithecia globose soft collapsing rugulose
confluent with the obsolete ostiolum. Scler. Sued n. 270.
Fr, Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p, 458.

On moist pine-wood. Appin, Captain Car?nic/iael. — Gregarious,
minute, often disposed in rows. To the naked eye presenting little
more than a black scurfy stain.

134. S. moriformis, Tode, {vndberry Sphceria) ; crowded
black, perithecia obovate corrugato-tuberculate, ostiolum sim-
ple. Tode, Fung. Meek. f. 90. Moug. &; Nest.! n. 382.
Fr, Syst. Myc. v, 2. p. 458. Scler, Suec. ! 7i. 125. Grev, Fl,
Ed. p. 364. S. clavifor/ms, Soto,! t. 337. Purt. v, 3. p. 27 P.

S, rugosa, Grev.! Sc, Crypt. Fl. t. 39. Fl. Ed. p. 364 y.

globosa. S. rubiformis, Sow, t. S7S.f. 2.

On wood, branches, Poh/pori, &c. Not common. — I do not see
any sufficient difference in S. rugosa, Grev. The species is extrem.ely
variable in form.

135. S. pulcis pyrius, Pevs. (gutipoivder Spli(Eria) ; crowded
black perithecia ovato-globose rugose, sulcate in the middle.
Pers. Syn. p. 86. Fr. Syst, Myc, v, 2. p, 458. Scler. Suec. !
n, 120. Grev, Fl. Ed. p. 365. Sc, Crypt, Fl, t, 152.—/;.
minor, Moug, ^ Nest. ! n, 881. S. spermoides, Purt, v. 3. n-
1524.

On wood and branches. Very common; hut tlie smaller form most
frequent. — This, like most of tiic neighbouring species varies with the
perit/ucia crowded or scattered. Distinguished from tlie foregoing
without difficulty by its nnuh smaller size less luberculate surface, aiul
subrimose ostiolum. I believe S. insidcus, Sow. is a state of this
species.

136. S. pulverucca, Elir. (dust-like Sphcrria) ; crowded small
black, perithecia subovate rugulose rigid, ostiolum distinct
pierced. I*crs. Syn. p. 83. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 45i>.
Scler. Suec. ! n. 121. Moug. c^- AV*^. /' u, 773.

On dry wood. Braemar, JJr. Hooker. — The Scottish specimens on
pine wood agree exactly with some from Mougcot, but not exactly v,\\.[\
those of Fries, or the published ones of iSIougcot and Nestlcr being so
close KCt as to be ainjost conHuent and very small. *' Smaller than
the last, surface unequal but not tubcrculate, easily distinguished l-y

266 FUNGI. [Sphceria.

the ostiolum. Periihecia rigid, rather shining criistaceo-aggregate.'*
Fr. I, c.

137. S. ivyriocdiya, Fr. {scmd-lihe Sph(Eria) ; crowded black
shining, peritljecia very minute ovato- globose even slightly ma-
millseform. Fr. Sf/sf. Myc. v. 2. p. 459. Scle7\ Suec. n. 313.
Grev. Scot. Crypt. FL t. 152./. 1.

On wood and decorticated branches. Common.

Div. 20. Pertus^. Perithecia smooth flattened at the hase^
sid)mnate, pierced by the falling off of the ostiolum.

138. S. pertusa, Pers. (^pierced Sphceria) ; scattered black,
perithecia emergent conic subrugose pierced by the falling off
of the conic ostiolum. Pers. Syn. p. 83. Fr. Syst, Myc. v. 2.
p. 464. Sckr. Suec. ! ji. 389.

On hardened wood. Appin, Capt. CarmicJiael.

139. S.nucida, Fr. (Jittle nut-lihe SphcBria) ; subgregarious
black, perithecia minute innate superficial ovate even at first
papillary then pierced. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 4G6. Scler,
Smc. ! n. 230.

On oak bark. Laswade, Dr. Greville. — The ostiolum is sometimes
of exactly the same nature as in the following division.

****** SuBiMMERS^. Simple. Perithecia immersed fur-
7iished with a dilated or elongated ostiolum.

Div. 21. Platystom.^. (from 'ttXc/.tv;, broad, and aro.tia, a
tnouth). Ostiolum extremely broady compressed, opening by a
longitudinal fissure.

140. S. excipidiformis, Fr. (inde-mouthed Sphceria^ ; scat-
tered, perithecia emergent ovate black rugulose, lips of the osti-
olum longer than the short neck. Fr. Obs. 1. t. 4.f 5. Scler.
Suec. / n. 88. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 469.

On bark, &c. Kockingham Forest, Norths. On Furze, Rev. 31.
J. Berkeley. — Distinguished from the other wide-mouthed species by
its short cylindric neck. Sporidia elongated, curved, containing
several sporidiola. In this as in other species the true form is fre-
quently accompanied by individuals in other respects altogether the
same, but with a merely obtuse ostiolum; having completely the appear-
ance of some species of the division Pertusce.

Div. 22. Ceratostom;e. (^from kspuc, a liorn, and cro,aa, a
mouth). Ostiolum elongated cylindrical free, longer than thepeii-
thecium.

141. S,pilifera,Yi'. (Jiair-like Sphcsria) ; gregarious naked
black, perithecia very small globose even, ostiola capillary very
long acuminate. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 472. Scler, Suec. !
n. 25. S. pinastri, Nees,f 354.

On pine wood. Appin, Captain Carrnichael, whose notice, however.

SpJicBria."]

FUNGI. 267

it appears to have escaped, the specimens before me occurr'ng in com-
pany with a Phi/sai'um preserved in his Herbarium.

1-12. >S'. cirrhosa, Pers. {tendril-like Sphceria) ; scattered
black, perithecia immersed snbglobose fibrilloiis, ostiola rugged
subfalcate spinulose. Pers. Syn. p. 59. Tc. Pict. t. 24. /. 3.
Fr, Sijst. Mijc, V, 2. p. 475. Scler, Suec, ! 7i. 346 — b.fiisca^
Alb. 4' ScJnvein, p). 29.

On soft rotten wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Cotterstock.
Apethorpe, Norths. Re7\ 31. J. Berhelcij. — This appears to be a
very variable species, sometimes scattered, with the perithecia curiously
fibrinous, the fibrillce occasionally brown ; sometimes, in harder wood,
collected in rows or into little fascicles, and almost destitute of fibrillar.

143. S. rostelldta, Fr. (ininiite hcahed Spli(Brict) ; gregarious
black, perithecia covered siibrotund at length depressed above,
ostiola erumpent cylindric or slightly attenuated. Fr. Obs. 1.
t. 3. /. 3. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 476. S. Rubi, 3Iarf. Erl. p.

487.

On branches of roses and brambles. Appin, Captain Carmichael. —
Minute-growing beneath the epidermis and having much the habit of
^S". acuta.

Div. 23. Obtect.t:. Perithecia elongated info a short neck
permanently immersed in the perennial parts of plants.

144. S. evtypa, Fr. {iceU-marked Sphcerid) ; scattered, peri-
thecia immersed globose, ostiola proceeding from a black spot
minute convex slightly prominent at length umbilicate. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. '2. p. 478. Scler. Sued n. 15. 348. S. decom-
ponens, Soic. ! t. 217.

On dead branches. Very common. — Very much resembling 5". lata
and S. milliaria. S. toitaculata. Sow. appears to be the present
species with an umber-brown mucedinous production springing from
the ostiola.

145. S. livida, Fr. (livid Sph^riu) ; scattered, perithecia
snbglobose nestling in a prominent elliptic grey tubercle formed
from the wood, ostiola pierced. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 479.
Scler. Suec. ! 9i. S16.

On dried branches. Appin, Captain Carniicharl. — The specimens
rofcrrcd to this species occur on small dead branches of Ivy, still cover-
ed v.'ith the cuticle. The spots arc not so regular as in Fries' speci-
mens, rounded, when there is but one [)erithecium, subclliptic when
there arc two together, and not ilistinctly defined at the base ; jieri-
thccia immersed in the wood dcpresso-globosc not stutled, furnished
with a short neck ; ostiola rather j)roM)incnt at length (apparently)
pierced. The whole plant closely rtsembles the figure of Sowcrby re-
ferred to by Fries, S. sn/>i?ninnsa, Soir. ! t. S7'2. f. 8. I finil on deail
decorticated ivy branches apparently the same s|)ecics, only there arc
several j)crithccia beneath each black elliptic spot, and the spots are
2 — 3 lines long.

146. S. anscJina, Pers. (goose- skin Spkicria) ; perithecia

258 FUNGI. [Sph(Bria,

ovate Immersed raising the wood into minute papillae, ostiola
obtuse erumpent. Pers, Ic. et Descr, t. 1./. 8. Fr. Sj^sL Myc,
V. 2. p. 480.

On dry wood. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev. 31. J. Berheley on the
trunk of a felled tree. — My plant appears to be the same as what is
figured by Persoon, aud is quite different from S. milliaria. The outer
surface of the wood, covering the perithecia, is discoloured and of a
brownish black, but thestain penetrates only very slightly and is by no
means crust-like. The contents of the perithecia, in the dry state at
least, are white.

147. S. ocelldta, Fr. (eyiet Sphcerici) ; scattered, perithecia
immersed globose persistent black, ostiola solitary umbilicate
exserted from a truncate white disc. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 2. p,
480. >S'. brevis. Sow, / t. 394./. 4.

On branches of ash, willow, &c. Sowei-hy, apparently on ash.--I
have no doubt that the plant of Sowerby is the same as that of Fries.
Externally it at first sight exactly resembles the state of Stictis radiata
with an entire border, but on more minute examination it might be
taken for S. leucostoma or S. nivca, but the perithecia are solitary
without any conceptacuhim.

148. aS'. salicella^ Fr. {ininute willow Splicsria) ; covered,
perithecia distinct minute seated beneath elongated pale patches
of the epidermis, ostiola cylindrical erumpent. Fr, Syst. Myc,
V. 2. p. 377. Scler. Suec. / n. 188.

On willow branches ; common. — This is placed in the Sysfema
Mycologicnm in the division Concrescrntes, but in the new issue of
Scleromycetes Suecics in the present division with which it seems to me
to accord best. This species is marked in Sowerby's Herbarium as ^S*.
subcorticalis. Sow. t. 296, but the perithecia in the figure are much
larger, and therefore very possibly he may have had S. ditopa in view.
I have in vain looked for that species on Rhamnus catharticus.

149. S. corticis, Sow. (tliousand-dot SphcBvia) ; scattered
perithecia globose persistent black ostiola slightly prominent,
very minute punctiform flattened. Soiv. t. 372. f. 5. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p. 481. El. 2. p. 98. Cryptosphceria Sillepunc-
tata, Grev. Fl. Ed, p. 360. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 201. S. popu-
Una, Pers. Ic. Pict. ^ 21./. 5, 6.

On small branches of ash. Very common. — At first sight from the
smoothness of the branches on which it grows resembHng a Verrucaria,

150. S. vibrdtilis, Fr. (su7iple sloe-branch Sphceria) ; scat-
tered, perithecia entire covered globoso-depressed even black,
ostiolum very minute latent. Fr. ! Scler. Suec.n. 315. Syst,
Myc. V, 2. p. 482.

On dead branches of the sloe and other species of Primus. Glap-
thorn, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley .—yihen the epidermis is stripped
off, and held to the light, it is found to be perforated by the minute
ostiola, though externally there is but a very slight indication of the
presence of the /?cr^Y/^ec^a. yl^a linear, appearing moniliforra from the
sporidia, being arranged in a single row.

Sphmria,] FUNGI. 269

151. >S'. Pupula, Fr. {eye-piipil Sphceria) ; scattered, peri-
thecia covered orbicular concentrically striate black, orifice
when stripped of the epidermis whitish, papilla yellowish. Fr.
SysL Myc. v. 2. p. 484. Scler. Suec. ! 7i. 16 — /3. Philadelphia
Fr,! Scler. Suec. ?«. 317.

/S. On dead shoots of PhUaddphus coronarius. Apethorpe, Norths.,

abundantly, llev. AT. J. Berkeley My specimens accord altogether

with those of Fries, who at present appears not to have described the
form on the mock-orange. The papilla is blacki.^h, bursting the epi-
dermis longitudinally and frequently itself longitudinal, somewhat
approaching, in this respect, JMAcaosTOM.*:.

152. S. Tilice, Pers. (Linden Sphccria) ; scattered, perithecia
covered smooth black somewhat pitcher-shaped dimidiate, neck
erumpent unequal black. Pers. Syn. p.8A. Necs, SysLf.So9.
3Iouy. 4" Nest. n. ! 660. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 465. Scler.
Suec! ?i. SO. Johfist. ! FL Berw. 2. p. 124. — b. compound,
somewhat cellular within. ♦S'. ajnjndlacea, Pirs. Syn. ]). 41.
S. subsecreta, Sow.! <• 373./. 8.

On branches of lime, Sowerby. King's Cliffe, JRev. 31. J. Berheley.
Near Water Haugh, Berwickshire, Dr. Johnstun, who says that it
grows on sycamore ; the specimen, however, whicli I have seen from
him is certainly on lime.

153. S. pruinosa, Yv. (frosted Sphwria) ; greg^arlous, peri-
thecia covered depressed adnate with the e})idermis frosted
•with grey meal, ostiola bursting forth in a bullate manner.
Fr. Obs. V. 2. p. 328. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 486. Scler. Suec. !
n. 82. 31oug. ^- Nest. ! n. 968.

On ash twigs. Spring. King's Cliffe, Norths. licv.M.J. Berliclaj.
On sticks used for marking seeds. — Easily known when perfect by the
grey-frosted j)erit/iccia, which are dee[)ly umbilicate beneath, by coUap-
sion, and separate, together with the epidermis, from the inner bark.
Sometimes, however, they are retaineil by the bark and in that case the
mealiness is seen only with great difficulty. Ostiula bursting through
the cuticle and making the matrix rough like a nutmeg-grater, [lierccd
with a round, depressed orifice.

154. S. infjuina/is, "^J'ode, (s?nutty Sjdiaria) ; gregarious
staining black, j)eritli('(ia immersed globose oven smooth cover-
ed above with the epidermis, papilla enunpent black. 7Wt ,
Funf/. Mech.f. 65. Fr. Syst. Jlyc. v. 2. ;;. 45G. Scler. Sine./
71. 394. J^urt. V. 3. n. 1589. S. ellipsospertna, Sow. t. ^1'2. f.
3. Variolar i(t ellipsosperma, Pull. t. 492. /'. 3.

On branches of sycaiiKjre and maple, Soivvrby. Botanic Garikn
Oxford, Mr. Baxter, according to I'urt. MSS — " Perithecia immerseil
in the inner hark, rather large, taken together with the erumpent
ostioliun, almost ovate, above connate with the epidermis, in conse(|u.nce,
when that is rcmoveil, half exposeil. Jelly black, sonietinu's protrutl!n:»
^kc a thread, nuiking a black stain rounil tjje osdulum like a Stdbos-
jfora.'*' Fr. I. c.

270 FUKGI. [Sphceric.

155. S. rudis, ?vIoug. (dingy-hlack SphcBria) ; crowded or
scattered furnislied with a black effused ambient crust, peri-
tliecia covered villoso-furfiiraceous dingy-black at length dimi-
diate from the peeling off of the epidermis, nucleus pale whitish
rose-colour. Fr. EL 2. p. 98. Scler. Sued n. 3^6.

On dead branches of Lahurnnm. Appin, Captain Carmicliad.
Oundle, &c., Norths. Bev. M. J. Berkeley. Probably very general.

A very variable species, remarkable for the manner in which the

epidermis is pushed off by it. Very crowded specimens must not be
confounded with S. Laburni.

156. S, Xylostei, Pers. {fiy -honeysuckle Splicerid) ; gregari-
ous staining black, perithecia covered emergent entire globose,
ostiola slightly prominent seated on a black spot at length
pierced. Pers. disp. p. 4, Fr, Syst. 3/yc. t\ 2. p. 487. Scler.
Suec. n. 189. — b. Fericlymeni. S. semiimmersa^ Pers. in Grev.
FlEd.p.mi.

b. On branches of woodbine. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville.
King's Cliffe. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

157. S. clypedia, Nees, {shield- like Sphmrid) ; gregarious,
perithecia depressed covered with the innate blackened epider-
mis, ostiolum emergent conico- truncate. Nees, Syst. f. 355.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 487. Scler. Suec. n. 398.

On dried branches of brambles. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Scot-
land, Dr. Greville, according to Fr. El. 2. p. 100. Northampton-
shire, Bev. 31. J. Berkeley.— Easily known by the shining. black spots
of the epidermis, which cover the perithecioy and by its neat appearance.

158. S. Tamariscinis, Grev. (Tamarisk Sphceria) ; "scat-
tered under the epidermis which is very convex and ruptured
in the centre, mouth very short obtuse not exserted." Grev*
Scot. Crypt. FL t. 45. Fl Ed. p. 361. (under Crijptospharia).
S. Tamariscinis, Fr. Ind. Alph. p. 175.

On dead branches of r«w2a?7A' Gerrnanica. Carlowne,Z)r. Greville.—
Perithecia globose, shghtly depressed, their black colour appearing
through the epidermis.

159. S. pindstri, Dec. {pine-leaf Sphceria); globose de-
pressed immersed produced into a short neck piercing the
epidermis, ostiolum not prominent. Dec. Fl. Fran. v. 6. p.
133. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. ^. p. 488. Scler. Suec. n. 190.

On leaves of firs and pines. Appin, Capt. Carmichael. Edinburgh,
Dr. Greville.

******* SuBiNNATiE. Simple. Perithecia more or less
innate in the epidermis of the matrix ; veil iione. Gelatinous
contents of the perithecia inore or less persiste7it.

Div. 24. OBTURATiE. {Named from obturatus, dammed up,
the contents of the sphendes being persistent.) Perithecia soon
erumpenty free, ostiolum simple.

Spharia,] rUNGl. 271

160. >S'. Lo7iicercc, ^ow. {honeysuckle Sphcsria) ; gregarious
erumpent, perithecia globose nearly free thin black soon torn
and cup-shaped, ostiolnni simple. Sou\ t. 393./. 6. Fr. Sijst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 492. Sckr. Sued n, 319.

On Honeysuckle. — On an inspection of JSowerby's herbarium I am
very doubtful Nvhether lie had the same production in view as Fries-,
but the only specimen is either in so youn<f or so imperfect a state, and
so little agreeing with the figure, that I abide entirely by Fries' judg-
ment.

161. S. slrohilina, Holl. S: Schm. (^fircone SphcBiia) ; gre-
garious erumpent perithecia rather irregular rounded at first
soft dirty-brown then black opening by a longitudinal fissure.
Fr. Sf/st. Mijc. V. 2. p. 495. Sckr. Suec.J n. 318.

Q\\ QoViQ^oi Pinus Abies. Aipp'in, Captain CarmicJiad. Edinburgh,
Dr. Grevillc.

162. S. Juglundls, Fr. (u'cdnut Sphccria) ; gregarious, peri-
thecia globose at first depressed and immersed then erumpent
even black pierced with a simple ostiolum grey within. Fr.
Sj/sf. Myc. V. 2. p. 493. Sckr. ! n. 239.

- On Walnut twigs. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berlieley. —
Probably extremely common. S. Fraxini, Fr., of which the present
species is declared by Fries to be scarcely a variety, is now considered
a true species of T/p/tpanis. Such appears to me to be also the case
with S. Jufjlumlls, which, if I mistake not, in age, acquires a brownish
tinge, becomes rugged and opens with a distinct fissure. I do not,
however, refer the species to Tympanis, as I have not at present had
an opportunity of tracing it through its whole growth. My specimens
were gathered in the middle of April.

163. S. ohturdta, Fr. {heath Sphccria) ; erumpent nearly free
even regular black bursting by many fissures at length collaps-
ing. Fr. Si/st. Myc. r. 2. /;. 495. — a. Virgarum. oval. — h. cpi-
phylla ; globose. ^Sckr. Suec. f n. 128.

On branches and leaves oi Ericcp. — b. Appiii, Captain Cannichael

On leaves of Calluna vuljaris ; much smaller than the published speci-
mens of Fries on Vaccinium On/coccus.

Div. 25. Slutect^k. Perithecia at first innate concrete with
the matrix, at length exposed above ; ostiolum simple.

164. S. sepincokty Fr. {cluster -seeded Sphccria) ; gregariou-;,
perithecia covered gh)l)ose ()j)aque subriigose white witliin witli
a central nucleus, pierced with a siniple osti(»linn. Fr. Obs.
Myc. r. 1. ;;. 18 1. Syst. Myc. r. 2. jt. 498. *S'. Corni, Montague,
Ann. d. Sc. N. S. v! 1. p. 340. p. 13. /'. 6.

On dead branches of Cornel, is:c. King's Clifle, Norths. Rev. M.
J. linlulcy. On Camus Mascula. — The plant fii^und by Sowcrby
under the iianic of »S'. Corni is what Fries has [jubiislud specimens of
by the name of .S". Corni Sincic(C ; the spccin)cn, however, preserved
in the Ilrrbaiiinn, is prob;i!)ly an iiiiinaturc state of the presnit species,
wiiich diliers from other Sphuriie in having the Asci collected in a niUM,

272 FUNGI. [SphcBria.

immersed amongst numerous paraphyses, and, according to Montagne,
in the forthcoming work of Fries on the Species of Fungi is to form a
new genus Saccotheciiim. — S. Arbuti, Sow. t. 370. /. 0, referred by
Fries to his S. arbuticola, is Phacidium Vaccinii.

165. KerricBy Berk. {Japan -Corchorus SphcBria) ; peri-
thecia scattered numerous black opaque very minute globose
mouthless, within white at length grey. >S'. Corchoriy Desm. !
PL Crypt, w. 712.

On dead shoots of Kerria Japonica. Winter — Summer. Ape-
thorpe. Cotterstock, Norths., Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — This, like the
last, in a revision of the genus, must be separated from Sphceria^ and
probably may enter into the at present scarcely adopted genus Diplodia,
The sporidia, which are not contained in asci, are septate and resemble
very strongly those of Trichothecium roseum, but are, as it aj)pears to
me, rather broader. My specimens were gathered in the middle of
INiay, and though still filled with a grumous mass, have no distinct
sporidia. On the same branch I found the perit/iecia of some minute
individuals which I could not otherwise distinguish, filled with minute
oblong sporidia, with about three septa, exactly like those of Vermi-
cularicB. The plant deserves investigation in its several stages of
growth.

166. S. Taxi, Sow, {yeiv-Ieaf SphcBria) ; gregarious, covered
with the epidermis which becomes grey, perithecia subimmersed
convex black at length piercing the epidermis by a pore. Sow. !
t. 394. /. 6. Ft. Obs. v. 1. p. 183. Syst, Myc. v. 2. p. 500.
Scler. Sued 7i. 22. Cryptosphmria Taxi, Grev. Sc. Crypt.
FL t. 13.

On branchlets and leaves of Xq.\\\ Common.

167. >S'. atrovirens, A. & S. {greenish-black Sphceria^ ;
scattered, at first greenish then blackish, perithecia somewhat
immersed globose and ovate, disc erumpent rugulose at length
torn. — a. Visci, Alb. S^- Schw. Consp. t. 2. y. 1. Sch. in Kunz.
Myc. Heft. 2. U\. f. 2. Moug. ^ Nest. I n. 486. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p. 501. — (3. Buxi ; scattered in quincunxes greyish-
black, perithecia globose slightly prominent, disc covered de-
pressed white at length erumpent naked. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 501. S. Buxi, Dec. FL Franc, t. 6. p. 146.— 7. Riisci ;
perithecia very numerous punctiform glaucous or bluish-black
rendering the matrix pale. Fr. FL 2. p. 103. Cryptosphceria
glauco-punctato, Grev. FL Ed. p. 362.

a. On Misletoe which has perished in the winter, sometimes covering
the whole plant. Rockingham Forest. Kev. M. J. Berkeley. — /3. On
box leaves. Common. Splitting the epidermis by its protrusion
into stellate laciniae. — 7. On dead leaves of Ruscus aculeatus. Slate-
ford. Dr. Greville. Sent by Mr. Baxter to Mr. Purton. There are
also specimens in Sowerby's Herbarium. — Two distinct forms of /3.
occur. The one with a white disc when the epidermis is burst, and ellip-
tic sporidia, the other to which specimens from Dr. Greville gathered at
Durham are referrible, with a blackish disc and minute oblong sporidia

SphcBria.] FUNGI. 273

like those of Cytispora, I presume that the first is the plant of Fries ;
but I am not certain of this, as there are no specimens of it in my
copy of Scleromycetes Suecice. Sph. Mirbelii, Moug. & Nest. !
resembles this very closely, but the specimens published liave a curioua
reddish->ellow tinge. I doubt, however, whether they are in a perfect
state, as I cannot detect any mature sporidia, and Sp, Craterium is
coloured when young.

168. S. Ilicis, Schleich. {Holly-leaf Sphceria) ; gregarious
black, perithecia globose slightly prominent covered, at length
erumpent bursting by fissures. Fr. SijsL Mijc. i?. 3. p. 501.
— Pliac. Aquifoliij Moug, 4- Nest. / w. 362.

On Holly leaves. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Pro-
bably very common.

Div. 26. Caulicolje. Perithecia at first covered^ at length
naked from the separation of the non-adherent annual epidermis.
Named from their growing on the stems of plants.

169. S. Lirella, Moug. & Nest. (Meadow-siveet Sphceria) ;
perithecia free distinct seriate, when collapsed umbilicate
beneath, nestling under a blackish lanceolate even slightly
swollen spot of the epidermis. Moug. 4' Nest. / n. 668. Fr,
El. 2. p. 105.

On dry stems of Spircra Ulmaria. Winter and Spring. Rockinir-
ham Forest, Norths., Jiev. M. J. Berkeley.— Uaxw^ scarcely the
appearance of a Sphceria when viewed externally ; but when the epi-
dermis is removed, the free disUnct jjerithccia hollowed out at the base
immediately become visible. It is doubtless to be found everywhere,
as, after seeing the plant of Mougeot and Nestler, I had only to gather
the first dead stem of tlie Spircca, and there it w as in abundance, ar. J
on every other stem in the neighbourhood.

170. ^S*. pellita, Fr. (black fieecy Sphceria) ; gregarious, peri-
thecia conico-rotund black, surrounded with hairs of the same
colour, ostiolum papilIa;forni. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 503.

On stems of the larger herbaceous plants. Appin, Captain Car-
michael. (ilasgow, Klotzsch in Hook. Herb. — " l\rithccia somewluit
flattened at the base, clothed more or less with soft hairs, but especially
at the base.'* Fr. I. c.

171. S. comclta, Tode, (ramose S})hccria) ; scattered, peri-
thecia rounded obtuse very brittle black nioutliless, aj)ex comose
with very long somewhat fastigiate hairs. Todv, Fung. Mtvk.

/. 81. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 504.

On stems of herbs.— Dr. (Jrevillc's S. cnpillata, of which I have seen
specimens, is clearly S. j}hcrorof/irs and in his Synopsis is considcriil a
bpecies of (Jcuthospora. The present species is, however, introduced
to receive as a foru), intermediate as it should seem between X. comnta,
Tode, and S. c(tpillnta, Nees, S. C(dvu, Johnst. Fl. Hciw., gathcrol
on the stem of Scnecio Jncobirn, being distinguisheil by its long fltxu-
ous grcyish-brown hairs and black perithecia. The plant of Nrcs is
described as having grccniih-white hairs. This and certain other hairy

T

?74 FUNGI. [SphcETia.

SpJicericB belong to the genus Vermicidaria, being characterized by
their septate asci. I do not adopt it here, as from a remark of Fries
that he has seen tlie septate bodies contained in tubes, its distinction
is doubtful.

172. S. relichia, ¥i\ {hairi/ -grass Sphceria) ; perithecia glo-
bose rather firm mouthless black, beset all round with short
erect black hairs. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. 2. p. 505.

On culms of grass. Stibbington, Hunts. Rev. M. J. Berlieley. —
Easily distinguished from S. phceocomes by the hairs not being confined
to the apex.

173. S, Demdtium, Pers. (Dematmm-Uke SphcE^^id) ; gre-
garious, perithecia piano-depressed mouthless black, strigose in
the centre with somewhat divergent hairs of the same colour.
Pcrs. 1 Syn. p. 88. Fi\ Syst. Myc, v, 2. p. 505. Scler, Saec. !
71. 53, 202.

On stems of herbaceous plants. Elton, Hunts. King's Cliffe, Norths,,
jRev. ill. J. Berkeley. — At first covered by the epidermis, through \\hich
the hairs penetrate like a little brush, at length naked, the hairs fre-
quently falling off. Generally subelliptic.

174. S. rubella, Pers. (black and red Sphceria) ; scattered,
perithecia erumpent subdepressed at length black surrounded
by a red stain, ostiolum conic. Pers. Syii. p. 63. Nees,f. 353.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 503. Sclcr. Suec. ! n. 240. Purt. MSS.-^
S. porphyrofjona, Tode, Fung. Meck.f. 72.

On the stems of herbaceous plants. Common. — Easily known by
the reddish or purple spot which covers the portion of the stem on
v/hich the Sphceria is produced, andwhich sometimes dyes the /jer?-
ikccia.

175. S. acida, HofFm. {sliarp -beaked Sphmria) ; siihgregari-
oiis, perithecia subglobose even black shining, ostiolum beaked
straight cylindrical obtuse. Hoff. Veg. Cr. 1. t.5.f.2. Sow. /
t. 1 19. Pers. Syn. p, 62. V/ith. v. 4. p. 362. Moug. &> Nest. 1
n. 181. Part. ! v. 2 ^- 3. n. 1089. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 507.
Scler. Sued n. 118. — Cryptosjyho'ria acuta, Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 360. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 239. Baxt. ! Oxf. n. 27.— S. acu-
mi?iata, Sow. / t. 394./. 3.

On stems of herbaceous plants, especially of the common Nettle.
Extremely common.— -Casting off the epidermis by means of the ostiola,
and, in consequence, at length naked. There is a curious state in
Captain Carmichael's collection with the perithecia extremely com-
pressed, from being produced between the rigid fibres of some hard
stem, apparently of some Mallow. S. acuminata, Sow., according to
the preserved specimens, is nothing more than the early stage of the
plant before the epidermis becomes loose. 1 have found the present
gpecies on the scales o^ Dipsacus. Fries, however, seems to have received
something different from Fersoon, for S. Bipsaci. S. curvirostra. Sow.,
as stated above, is, I believe, a state of S. spiculosa.

176. S. complandta, Tode, {flattened Sphceria); scattered,
perithecia subglobose even black soon collapsed and then piano-

SpJicuria.] ruNGT. 075

depressed, ostiolum papillaeform persistent. Tode, Fung, Midi,
f. 88. Fr. jSf/st. 3Jf/c. v. 2. p, 508. Scltr. Suec. ! n. 36, 408.
(minor.)

On stems of herbaceous plants. Extremely common Sporidia

very minute, oblong-elliptic. Varying considerably, like many other of
the simple SphcericB, in size, so as to make it difficult to believe the
extremes referrible to the same species.

177. S. DoUolum, Pers. (Cask-like SpJiccria) ; scattered, peri-
thecia conico-rotund papillary black shining folded concentri-
cally. Pers. Ic. et Desc. t. 10. /. 5, 6. Sijn. / p. 78. 3Ioicg.
Sf Nest.l'n. 571. Hook, Scot. 2. ;;. 7. Purt. v. 3. n. 1525.
Fr. Sf/sf. 3If/c. V. 2. p. 509. Scler. Sued n. 321. (in my
copy vcir. 7.). Grev, Fl. Ed. p. 363. — Crijptospkccria DoUolum,
Grev, Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 239./ 2. Baxt. ! Ox. 71. 31.

On the dead stems of larger herbaceous plants. !Not so common
as the two foregoing species — Originating beneath the epidermis.
Sporidia, according to Dr. Greville, in the present species linear-oblong
with 3 — 4 septa, in aS". acuta linear-acuminate with 4 — 5 septa.

178. S. Pisi, Sow. (Pea-stalk Sphccria) ; scattered, peri-
tliecia elliptico-subrotnnd depressed opaque black plicate above
in the direction of the stem, ostiola latent subcompressed.
Sow,! t, 393. / 8. (junior).-^Fr. Syst, Myc. v. 2. p. 509.
Scler. Suec. ! ti. 322.

On the stalks and withered legumes of the Pea. JRcv. W. Kirhy.
Woodnewton, &c., Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — I have no doubt that
Sowerby's species is the same with that of Fries, only in a younger
state. My specimens which are more advanced are nearly intermediate
between them and the specimens in Scler. Suec. The folds, which are
from 1 — 4, arise from the collapsion of the perithecia.

179. S. cidmifraya, Fr. (stalksplittiny Spkecria) ; scattered,
perithecia covered erunipent somewhat compressed black,
ostiolum short naked conical. Fr. Syst. J/yc. v. 2. p. 510.
Scler. Suec. / ?/. 373. Johnst, Fl. Berw, v. 2. p. 127. >S'. longa.
Sow.! t. 393./. 4.

On culms of various grasses, wheat, rye, &c. Common. — Besides
specimens undoubtedly belonging to this species, others have been com-
municated by ])r. Johnston lor *S'. cuhnicola, but 1 fear that they arc
only a state of the present i)lant, a portion of the stem having becou'.c
blackened.

180. S. scirjiicola^ Dec. (cJiair-rush Sphccria) ; scattered
minute black, perithecia immersed globose neck very short,
ostiolum naked pinictiform snbglobose. JJtc. Fl. Fr. '2. p. 809.
Fr. Syst. Dlyc. V. '2.]). 511. Stler. Sued 71, 150.

On stems o[ Scirpus lacustris. Couunon. — S.niarulans, Sow. ! /. 394.
/. f>, appears to me a mere variety, the black .s[)ots being extraneous
and iht ptri/hcria not confined to them.

181. *S'. herhdruui, Pers. (common stalk Spharia) ; subgre-
parious minute black, perithecia generally covered globoso-
depressed even, ostiolum slightly prominent ])uncliform. Pers.

276 FUNGI. ISphccria.

Syn. p. 79. (yai\ tecfa). Fr, Syst, Myc. v. 2. ;?. 511. Sckr.
Suec. n. 38.

On stems of herbaceous plants Extremely common, but difficult to

distinguish from the smaller state of S. complanata and neighbouring
specie°s. I have not referred to Mougeot and Nestler, as their specimens
approach so near to S. complanata that I know not how they are to
be distinguished. S. minutissimay Sow.! t. S70. f. 1, appears to me
to be Verrucaria epidermidis. S. Kirbii, Sow.! t. 371./. 3, is pro-
bably a form of the present species.

182. S. Scrophuldria, Desm. (Fiyivorl Sphceria) ; peritliecia
scattered black shining globose at length depressed, ostioluni
short obtuse. Desm. ! n. 718.

On capsules o^ Scrophidaria aquatica. Spring. Fineshade, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Very remarkable for its large asci and oblong-
elliptic, 7 — 8-septate sporidia,

183. S,inquilina, WaWv. (black-coafed Sphcsrla) ; perithecia
immersed covered with the blackened epidermis latent very-
thin pallid, nucleus black, ostiola punctiform black prominent.
Fr. EL 2. p, 100. Scler. Suec. / ?i. 402.

On stems of U/nb el lifer (e. Rockingham Forest, Norths., Bev.
M. J. Berkeley. — This species is placed in the JSletic/ius in the division
Obtectce ; but in my copy o( Scler. Suec. it is arranged in the division
CauUcolcB. The perithecia frequently drop out, leaving a white hollow
in the matrix ; I believe that there is a distinct covering to the nucleus ;
indeed I am almost convinced that the species itself is a state of .S". spi-
culosa, for the ostiola frequently are much elongated and altogether
resemble those of that species ; and undoubted S. spicidosa, when
growing on Arctium Lappa, is in its early stage so exactly the same,
that I cannot find a distinguishing point. In this latter plant I find the
, sporidia oblong-elliptic, containing three or four round sporidiola.

184. S. Corni, Sow. (Cornel Sphceria) ; scattered shining
-jet-black depressed, ostiolum obsolete. Soiv. t. ^10. f. 5. — S.
Corni -SueciccE, Fr. ! Sckr. Suec. n. 409.

On stems o^ Cor mis Suecica.— The portion of the steni on which it
grows is whitened and the perithecia which are of a very bright jet-black
rare almost effused at the base and often sulcate in the direction of the
tStem.

t)iv. 27. Foliicol;e. Perithecia concrete with the matrix^
covered, 7iot surrounded by a definite ivhite spot.

185. S.phccocomes, Reb. (henry grass-leaf SphcBria) ; scattered
jet-black, perithecia globoso-hemispherical almost mouthless
beset with erecto-divergent hairs. Rebent. Neom.. p. 338. t. 1.
f. 4. Fr. Sust. Myc. v. 2. p. 5 1 5. Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p. 1 38.—
S. capillata, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 69. Ft. Ed. p. 362.— Cew-
thospora phceocomes, Grev. Syn. Gen. 8f Sp. p. 17.

On dead leaves of grasses. About Edinburgh, Br. Greville. Stib-
bincrton, Hunts. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Berwick, Dr. Johnsto)i. -^ot
alw°ays confined to the leaves or their sheaths, but sometmies running
■down from the sheath below the joint.

Sphceria.] FUNGI. 277

186. S. tricJiella, Fr. {hairy Ivy-leaf SphcEiid) ; scattered,
perithecia ovate very minute moutliless black clothed at the
top with very long divergent hairs. Fr, Obs. 2. p. 332. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 515. Scler. Suec. ! 7i, 203. — Vermicularia tri"
chella, Grev, Sc, CrypL FL f. S4 5,

On dead leaves of Ivy, &c. Foxhall, near Edinburgh, Dr. Greville.
— Sporidia linear-oblong, septate. When young it resembles a Clados-
porium.

187. S. Crateriuniy Dec. (cup-like Ivy-leaf Sphceria) ; hypo-
phyllous scattered blackish at length deeply collapsed. Uec.
Ft. Fr. V. 2. p. 298. Fr.' Scler. Suec. n. 45S.^P/iacidium?
Craterium, Moug. 4" Nest. / n. 986. S. pu?ictijbrmis, (3. Hederce,
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 362. Baxt / Ox. n. 29.

On dead Ivy-leaves. Common. — De Candolle, as also Greville,
refer this species to S. punctifurmis, /3. Pers. It is the Sphceria Heder<2j
Purt. It appears to me that Mougeot and Nestler are nearer the right
genus than Fries, and indeed that the plant is congeneric with Eusieyia
Ilicis. Fungi of precisely the same structure occur on the leaves of
Box and Laurel. Mass of Asci, for I believe there is no true peri-
thecium, at first yellowish then greenish, at length nearly black. Fries-
suspects that it is a state of S. trichella, but I think without reason.
See Scler. Suec. I. c.

188. S. tuhcpformis, Tode, (^trumpet- shaped Sphccria); peri-
thecia subglobose covered smooth, ostioUiin straight beaked
nearly equal earthy-tawny. Tode, Fung. Meek. f.\'l'6. Moug.
4- Nest. ! n. 280. Hook.' Scot. 2. p. 7. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
^.516. Scler. Sued n. 26. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. SS5.f. 1.

On dead leaves of various trees. Apparently not uncommon. — At
first sight nmch resembling Phomu Pusiula, which often occurs on
oak-leaves, but immediately distinguishable, when submitted to the lens,
by the curious, reddish-brown, intestine-like ostiola.

189. aS'. Gnomon^ Tode, (Dial-style Sphccria) ; poritliccia black
bursting forth often collapsed, ostioliiin elongated clavate
straight black. Tod. I. c. f. 125. Sow.! t. 373. f. 6. Furt.
V. 3. n. 1321. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 51 7. Scler. Suec. ! «. 285.
Grev. Sc. Cn/pt. Fl. t.3S5./.2. — Cryptosphicria Giiomon, Grev.
Fl. Ed. p. 360.

On Hazel leaves. Winter and early Spring. Not uncommon.

190. S.setdcea, Vqy^. (hristk-like Sphcrria) ; perithecia covered
globose, ostiola bristle-like attenuated black. Pers. Syn. p. (52.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 518. Scler. Sued Ji. 286. Purt.
MSS.

Leaves of various trees. Appin, Captain Carmichacl. It has been
also foimd l>v Purton. — This is easily known from the foregoing hy its
longer rather irregular bristle-like osdoluni, which bursts forth on the
under-side of the leaf, and its coloured ptritlucia which arc often
sitiuitcd on a nerve.

191. aS'. duplex, Sow. (twofold Sjducria) ; scattered, perithecia

278 FUNGI. {Sphceria.

immersed globose latent black, ostiola naked dilated hemisplieri-
cal. Fr. SijsL Myc. v. 2. p. 520 — a. Sow. t. 375. /. 4. Fr,
Obs. 2. p. 334.— b. S. erecta, Sow. t. 394./ 7.

a. On the stems of UmbellifercE — b. On petioles of Sparganium,
Sagittaria, &c.— Of the two plants of Sowerby, quoted above, the first
is desciibed as growing on the stems of Umbdliferce : of this no speci-
mens remain. Of the latter a sample is preserved on the petiole of a
Sparganium; but I doubt very much, judging from his specimens on
Nardus in Scler. Siiec, whether it is what Fries intends, and indeed
if it be any thing more than *S'. scirpicola, Dec.

192. S. HedercB, Sow. {Ivy-leaf Sphceria) ; scattered, peri-
tbecia together with tlie innate epidermis rather prominent
convex even black, ostiolmn pierced white. Soiv. t. S7l.f. 5.
Fr. Obs. I. t.4.f.G. Scler. Suec. ! n.2\. Syst, Myc. v. 2.
p. 521.

On Ivy-leaves. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Durham, W. C. Tre-
velyan, Esq. — Known from other minute Sphcei-im on Ivy-leaves, by
its shining immersed perithecia and white ostiola. In Dr. Johnston*s
Fl. j3erw. a minute Sphceria is inserted under the name of S. Empetri^
and the same plant has been found near Edinburgh by Dr. Greville.
It is clearly not the plant of Fries, being very much smaller and not
collapsed.

193. S. artocreas, Tod. {raised-pie Sphceria); gregarious
innate orbicular black shining, at first convex even, soon
depressed round the dot-like ostiolum, at length collapsed and
rugoso-plicate. Tode, Fung. Mtck. 2. p. 20. f. 73. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 2. p. 523. Scler. Sued n. 151. — Xyloma faghieum,
Grev. Fl. Ed. jy. ^Q^.

On dry leaves of various trees, especially Beech. Common. — Having
when old completely the appearance of an obscure Sclerotium or
Dothideay so as to require an accurate and minute examination to refer
it to its proper place.

194. S. recutita, Fr. {half-naked Sphceria) ; aggregate hypo-
phyllous innate but slightly prominent very minute mouthless
black, appearing under the form of very long parallel strise.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 524.

On leaves of Grass. Near Berwick, Dr. Johnston. — The pei'ithecia
grow in rows, but are quite distinct.

195. S. macidcBformis, Fers. {spot- like leaf Sphcsria) ; hypo-
phyllous, perithecia innate but slightly prominent punctiform
globose black crowded together into an unequal spot. Fers.
Syn. p. 90. Many. S)^ Nest. ! n. 661. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 524.
Scler. Sued n. 20. — S. subconfluens, Sow. ! t. '370. f. 7. middle

figure.

On fallen leaves of various trees. Extremely common. — Forming
irregular patches bounded by the decussating veins. S. scntina, Johnst. !
is certainly this species.

196. S. punctiformis, Pers. {dot-like leaf Sphceria) ; scattered,

Spharia.] FUNGI. 279

perithecia Innate punctiform even ratlier shining black sliglitly
prominent, umbilicate by coUapsion. Pers. Syii.jj.'dO. Hook.
Sc, 2. p. 8. 3Iou{^. 4' Nest. ! n. 662. Fr. Sf/st. 3It/c. v. 2.
p. 525. Scler. Suec. ! n. 58, 86. Fl. Ban. t. 2036. / l.-~
Crijptosphceria punctiformis, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 362. {excluding
vctrietij on Ivy)- — >S'. suhcovjluens, Soiu. ! I. c. left hand Jig,
On fallen leaves. Extremely common.

197. S.hrunn<lola,Yi'. (^LiJij of iJie vcdletj Sphccria) ; gregarious,
perithecia globose very minute mouthless black emerging from
a determinate brown oblong spot which at length becomes black.
Fr. Si/st. Myc. V. 2. p. 526. Scler. Suec. ! n. 248.

On dead leaves of Cunvcdlaria maialis. King's Cliffe, Kortlis.
abundantly, Rev. J/. J. Berkeley. — The plant published by Mougeot
and Nestler under this name is certainly quite different, and I conceive
more properly belongs to tiie genus Dothidea.

198. S. JEgopodii, Pers. (Goiit-tcecd Spharia) ; scattered,
perithecia innate slightly prominent mouthless black seated on
a crust-like white spot. Pers. Syn. p. 90. Hooli. Scot. 2. p. 8.
Fr. Si) St. 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 526. — Cryptosphccria JFgopodii, Grev.
Fl. Ed. p. 362.

On green \c^\c?. o{ J'lgopodium Podagaria. Common. — The sjiot
on which tlie perithecia are seated is not defined, as in the next
division.

Div. 28. Depazea. (As-a^, a cup, from the collapsed or
depressed per itheciei.) Perithecia seated on an arid spot, on leaves
which are still green.

199. S. Jtederc'ccola, Fr. {xvhite-spot Ivy -leaf Sphcerici) ; spots
dirty-white surrounded by a broad brown border — perithecia
gregarious globose naked opaque at length black. Fr. Syst,

Myc. V. 2. p. 528 S. lichenoides, var. e. hedircccola, 3Ioug. 4-

Nest.! n. QtG'3. — S. lichenoides, var. a, Johnst.Fl. Bene. 2. p. 131.

On green Ivy-leaves, all tl)e year. Common. — Other similar forms
are pointed out b}' Dr. Joiinstou which do not appear to have been
noticed by authors. Tiiat on leaves of the Ash dillcrs in having brown-
ish spots with a narrower border and the j^crithecia more scattcreil.
There is one on Ejnlohiiun ai)giistifolium, with angular spots and the
pcrithrrid becoming visible from beneath in conseqncnce of the .sheHing
off' of the epidermis on the under-side of the leaf. The .'jpots on iMiiple
leaves, to which he alludes, appear only a iliscoloration of the leaf from
the agency of insects. Of those on common Docks and on Gciim rivali\
I cannot speak, iiaving no si)ecimens before me. — .V. uucdunicohit
Klotzsch, MJSS., which is extremely common on the Strawberry-tree,
has small spots w ith a few rather more ()ointed pcritht'cia. An allieii
form or species is comnmn on tlic leaves of the Red Cmrant. One on
elm leaves is preserved in Dr. Hooker's Herbarimn, marked l)y Klotzs. li
Depnzca Ulnii. I do not think it advisable to multiply species in this
and sinjilar obscure departments of fimgi, without more correct nt)tiors
of their individual structure and more careful nucrosco|)ical investiga-
tion than icems at [>resent to have been bestowed upon thcai.

280 ruNGi. [Lophium.

200, S. frondicola, Fr, (common spot-like Sphceria) ; spots
white or greyish with a brown border, perithecia hypophyllous
scattered depressed soon splitting all round. Fr. Obs. Myc. 2,
e. b.f. 6, 7. {Depazea). Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 529. — Xyloma con-
centricum, Pers. Syn. p. 107. Purt. v. 3. ;?. 31G. Moiig. ^
Nest. ! n. 369.

On living Aspen leaves. Purton, who states that he has likewise
found it on Maple leaves.

201. S. Dldnthi, Alb. «& Schw. (C/iickweed- tribe Spharia) ^
spots indeterminate yellow, perithecia scattered globoso-de-
pressed black, disc pallid collapsed. Alb. S^ Schw. t. 6./. 2.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 531. — b. S. SaponaricB, Dec. Fr. 6.
p, 146. — Namaspora Cerastii, Carm. MSS.

b. On various Caryophyllem. Appin, Captain CarmicJiael. Oa
Cerastium vulgatum.

56. EusTEGiA. Fr. Eustegia.

Perithecia orbicular, splitting in the middle; operculum
deciduous. Asci melting away. — Name from lu, well, and tfrsyw,
to cover.

1. E. Ilicis, Fr. {Holly-leaf Eustegia) ; innate, operculum
nearly plane falling off surrounded by a ring-like whitish mar-
gin. Fr.El. 2. p. 112. Scler. Sued n. 417 — S.complanata*
Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 82. — S. concava. Sow. f t. 807. — Xyloma
concava, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 368. Baxt.! Ox. n. 77.

On Holly leaves. Very common. — The ring appears to arise froni
the small portion of the cuticle which projects all round beyond that
portion of the connate perithecium which splits off. Asci linear,
sporidia oblong.

57. Lophium. Fr. Lophium.

Perithecia vertical, compressed, opening by a longitudinal
fissure. Asci breaking up into dust and escaping — Name from
?.opo?, a crest.

1. L. mytilinum, Pers. {tnuscle-Uhe Lophitmi) ; shortly pedi-
cellate much dilated upwards transversely striate black shining*
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 533. Scler. Succ. ! n. 60. Grev. ! Sc^
Crypt. Fl. t. 177./. 1. — Hysterium mytilinum^ Pers. Syn. p. 97,
Nees, Syst.f. 301.

On the bark or naked wood of Fir trees. Appin, Capt. CarmichaeL

* On one of the specimens of this plant in Dr. Hooker's copy of Mougeot
and Nestler's Stirpes Cryptogamicce, there is a minute sample oi Agaricns
Hudsoni, Pers., which is most certainly a very distinct and highly curious
species ; the stem is nearly if not quite smooth, pale above, dark-brown below,
and the pileus is beset with scattered long yellow-brown setie, quite different
from any thing that I have seen in the genus and resembling those of Peziza
scutellata. Since the above was written 1 have received excellent specimens in
Desmaziere's Plant, Crypt. The stem, as in Savcerby's figure, U piLoss lii*
the pileu^.

Cytispora.] fungi. 281

A most curious and elegant fungus, exactly resembling a minute

bivalve shell, placed with its edge upwards. The production figured by
BuUiard, t. 444. f. 4. and Sow. ! t. S15. f. 9, is clearly not referrible
to this species, judging from the figures alone, but rather to the genus
JEustegia. On an inspection of specimens however I am quite convinced
that Sowerby was right in his conjecture that they are the nidus of some
insect.

2. L. eldtum, Carni. {elongated Lophiuni) ; stipitate com-
pressed black transversely striate dilated gradually upwards
into an elongated wedge-shaped peritheciuni. Grev. Sc. Crypt.

FL t. 177. j: 2. Fr. El. 2. p. 113 Hysterium datum, Carm.

3ISS.

On Fir wood. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Apparently extremely
rare, as no species remain in the Appin collection.

58. SPHiERON^EMA. Fr, Spliceronsema.

Peritheciiim opening by a pore including mucous sporidia in a
very delicate sac, which at length ooze forth and harden into a
globule. — Name tr^a/^a, a sphere, and va//xa, gelatine,

1. >S'. siihuhituyn, Tode, (aivl-skaped SpIiaro7icema) ; porithecia
grumous between conical and awl-shaped acute yellowish,
globule paler. Fr. Obs. Myc. 1. p. 187. Sckr. Sued n. 325.
Grev.! S'c. Crypt. FL t. 189. — Sph. suhulata, Tode, Fung,
Meck.f. 117. Fers. Syn. p. 94.

On hard blackened Agarics. Not common. Near Edinburgh. Tnr-
bet, J)r. Greville. Appin, Captain Curtnichael. Cambridge, Rev. M.
J. Berkeley. — At first sight resembling a Stilhum. It varies considerably
in form, being sometimes almost linear. It should seem, from Dr.
Greville's figure and observations, that in an early stage there are either
asri or parapliyscs. I have myself seen threads njixed with the sporidia
after their ejection. It is singular that this is the only species which
has hitherto fallen under the notice of British mycologists.

59. Cytispora. Ehrenh. Cytispora.

PcritJiecia celluloso-niultilocular ; cells irregular, membrana-
ceous, united above. jXucleus gelatinous, at length oozing out
in the form of a globule or tendril. — Name from xuro;, a si/tuous
cavity, and cropo;, a seed.

1. C. ruhcsce?is, Fr. (ruddy-seeded Cytispora); cells set in a
depressed conceptaculum, disc erunipent dirty-brown, tendrils

reddish. Fr. Sysf. Nye. v. 2. p. oAJ Bostrychiuni rubesccns,

Scltr. Sued n. 109.

On the bark of various Rosarrw. Abundantly on the Mountain-
ash. King'.>> Clitfe, Norths. Jhv. M.J. litrlulcy. — At first resembling
tjinall air-bladcltrs bursting through the cuticle; then furnished with a
white and at length dingy-brown disk, with a single orifice in the centre.
Tlic cells are contained in a flattish black conce|)taculum, exactly as in
the Sjdiaria- of the division InruMr. Spuridia rcdilish, very minute,
oblong, as is the case in every Cytispora I have examined.

282 FUNGI. [Cijtispora.

2. C. chrysospei-ma, Pers. (golden-seeded Cytispora) ; cells set
in a conceptaculum, disc erumpeiit at length black, tendrils
yellow. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 2. p. 542. Scler. Stiec. ! n. 134.
Moug. ^ Nest.! n. 881. — Ncemaspora chrysosperma, Pers. Syn,
p. 108. Ohs. l,t.5.f. 8. — S. pj'ofusa, var. populina, Purt. v. 3,
p, 278.

On the bark of Poplars, Glasgow, Klotzsch, in Hook, Herb.
Botanic Garden, Oxford, on Popidus dUatata, Baxter. — Mr. Purton
appears to me quite right in considering Hypoxylon cirrhatum, Bull.
and S. cirrhata, Sow,, as synonymous with C. leucospermay for there
is no sufficient reason, as fa/ as the figures are concerned, to believe that
they have a conceptaculum.

3. C. carphosperma, Fr. {straw-coloured Cytispora) ; concep-
taculum none, cells black circinating, disc dingy, tendrils straw-
coloured. Fr. ! Scler. Saec. n. 135. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 543.
— Sphmria ambiens^ Johnst. Fl. Berio. 2. p. 122.

On Hawthorn and other JRosacece. Berwick, Br. Johnston.

4. C. leucosperma, Pers. {ivJute-seeded Cytispora) ; concepta-
culum none, cells black circinating, disc plane dirty-white, ten-
drils white. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 513. Scler. Suec, ! n. 156. —
N(BMaspora leucosperma, Pers. Syn. p. 108. — N. Eosarum^
Grev. f Sc. Crypt. FL t. 20. FL Ed. 2. jj. 365.— aS. cirrhata.
Sow. t. 138. Hoffm. Veg. Crypt. 1. t. 5.f. l.—S. dubia, Sow.

t. 138 Hypoxylon cirrhatum, BulL t. 487./. 4.-— b. brunneola,

Scler. Suec. ! n. 245. -

On branches of various trees. Very common. — b. On Willows.
Woodnewton, Norths., Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

5. C. fugax, Bull, (fugacious Cytispora) ; conceptaculum
none, cells black circinating, disc plain dirty-brown, tendrils
delicate pale. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 544. Sder. Suec. ! n.2\\.
Variolaria fugax, BulL t. 432. f. 5. — S. pustidata, Hoffm,

Veg. Crypt, l.t.b.f.b. Pers. Syn. p. 41.

On Willow branches. Extremely common. — This is so exactly
analogous to Sphceria salicina, that the two plants may most easily
be confounded on a superficial examination ; the same similarity
exists between C. ca)phosper?iia and S. aynbiens. Indeed with equal
reason they might be considered different states of the same plant as
Sphmria leucostoma and C. leucostoma. The latter is most abundant
and has, I believe, the same sporidia as true Cytisporce ; but Fries
assures us that he has seen the one pass into the other. This point is of
great interest and deserves a careful investigation.— The genus Septoria
is placed by Fries, in his Elenchus, next to Cytispora, on the ground
of its possessing true perithecia. Such indeed are figured by Dr.
Greville ; and Fries confirms his observations, evidently drawing up his
description after the analysis in the Scottish Cryptogamic Flora.
There is, however, reason to believe that both are in error. It has long
been matter of surprise to me that I could never detect in Septoria Ulmi
any thing at all approaching to the figure above cited, and, in consequence
suspected some accidental error. This suspicion is completely con-
firmed by the account given by Desmaziere in his PL Crypt, n. ;534,

Phoma.]

FUNGI. 283

who has paid particular attention to the genus, and made it appear all
but certain that the specimens figured by Dr. Greville were mixed with
Sph. macuUformis (S. cedema, Moug. & Nest. ! n. 880.) and that the
anaUsis, as far as the section and perithecia are concerned, belongs to
that species.

6. C. imlverdcea^ Berk, {mealy Cytispora) ; growing on either
side of the leaf, disc pulverulent, cells subtriangular circinating,
sporidia while.

On leaves of Viburnum Timis. May. Apethorpe, Norths., Bev.
M. J. Berkeley.— h very distinct and singular species, and though
growing on leaves, a true Cytispora. The cells are disposed like the
carpella of an orange ; I have not seen their contents discharged, but
they are white and consist of minute oblong sporidia as in other
Cytisjwrce.

GO. Ceuthospor.a. Fr. Ceutbospora.

Stroma innate, containing one or more nuclei; Sjioridia
minute, escaping from the dissolving nucleus — Name from
xsu^w, to conceal and tf-ro^o^, a seed,

1. C. pliacidioides, Grev. (Plmcidiuni-like Ceiitfiospora) ; stroma
containing 3 — 5 cells orbicular plane black shining penetrat-
ing the matrix splitting into 3 — 5 plane short lacinise. Grev. !
Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 253. — Phacidiiun multivalve, Fr. Syst. Myc. v.
2. p. 576. Moug. ^ Nest! n. 560. — Xyloma midtivalve^ Dec.
Mem. du 3Ius. v. 2. p. 324. t. S.f. 8.— /S. bifrons, Soiv. ! t. 326.
Purt. V. 2 ^- 3. n. 1103. — Cryptospliceria? hifronsy Grev. FL
Ed. p. 361.

On the leaves and young shoots of Holly. Common. — It seems to
me scarcely correct to consider the black spots as pc7-it/iecia ; they
appear rather to be a common stroma or receptacle to the cells.
Indeed there seems no sufficient ground for considering the genus
distinct from Phoma.

2. C. Lduri, Sow. (^Cherry-laurel Ccuthosj^ora) ; unilocular
brownish-black obtusely conic splitting into 3 — 4 acute erect
lacinise. Grev. ! Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 254. — Sph. Lauri, Sow. ! f,
371./. 4.—S. Hederce, (3. Lauri, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 521.

On dead leaves of Pnuius Lauro-ccrasus (not Laurus nobilis as is
stated by Dr. Greville). Not so common as the foregoing s|)ecies ;
like that growing sometimes on the shoots of the foregoing summer. —
Stroma as in the last, opening occasionally on either side. This must
not be confounded with Phacidium Lauro-cerasi.

61. PiioMA. Fr. Plioma.
Perithecium obsolete ; nucleus griunons, inchuled in a tuber-
cle formed from the matrix ; sporidia thrown out irregularly
from the simple ostiolum. — "Named from ^oj, a pustule."

1. P. salifjnum, Ehr. {Willow-Uaf Phoma) ; uui-ninllilocular
convex brown-black hubumbonate in the centre. /V. Sy.^t. Myc.
V. 2. p. 546. Sclcr. Sued n. 283. — Sph. salicina, Soio. ! t. 372.

284 FUNGI. [Thajnnomyces,

f. 1 Xyloina salignum, Pers. Si/n. p, 106. Dec. Mem. du Mus,

2. p. 325. Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 268. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 368.
Jolinst. FL Berw. 2. p. 139.

On fallen Sallow leaves. Winter and spring. Sowerby, Grevilh,

Johnston Sph. Populi, Sow. ! t. 372. f. 2., is certainly nothing more

than Sclerotium popuhieujn. There is not in the original specimens
the slightest trace o^ nuclei.

2. P. Ddhlicc, Berk. (^Dahlia-stem Phoma) ; scattered rufes-
cent subpellucid subhemispherical covered by the epidermis
which at length bursts in the centre, sporidia oozing out and
forming a subglobose mass.

On decaying stems of Dahlias. Winter. Apethorpe, Norths.

Rev. M. J. Berkeley Perithecium none. Sporidia turgid, pellucid,

elliptic.

3. P. Pusiula, Pers. (Oak-leaf Phoma) ; unilocular convex
even reddish-brown white Mithin, nucleus black. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 2. p. 547. Scler. Suec. > n. 205 — >S'. pustula, Pers. Ann.
d. Bat. 11. t. 2./ 7. b. Syn. p. 91.

On fallen oak leaves. Very common. — This species does not
answer to the character o^ Phoma, as it has certainly true asci. I find
the structure of the plant, in Fries' published specimens, precisely the
same as in my own. The nucleus appears to me surrounded by a very
thin delicate, dark sac, whence perhaps arises its black colour when
the tubercle is cut across, and within this exist distinct clavate asci
containing oblong sporidia. Can it be an immature or sub-abortive
state of Sphceria tubceformis ? In that the asci are extremely broad,
and the sporidia rather elliptic than oblong.

4. P. Hederoi^ Desm. (Ivy Phoma) ; covered black, sporidia
hyaline subglobose. Desm. PI. Crypt, n. 350. (Jide Moug, ^
Nest. ! n. 979.) Fr. El. 2. p. U 9.

On small dead shoots of Ivy. Cambridge, 1823. Woodnewton,
Norths. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley — Covered with the blackened epidermis,
which is pierced with a ragged round or linear orifice. Sporidia black,
not truly globose.

62. Thamnomyces. Ehrb. Thamnomyces.

Pseudoperithecia subrotund, formed from and supported by
tlie shrubby stroma, furnished in the centre with a mass of free
sporidia. — Name from Cu/xvog, a shrub, and Atyx?;,', afimgus.

1. T. hippotrichoides. Sow. (horse-hair Thamnomyces); stroma
crectbranchedblackexternally,minutelyverrucose, white within,
pale at the apices, pseudoperithecia lateral subovate. Ehrb.
Hot. Phys. Ber.p. 82. — Sph. hypotrichoides, Sow. ! t. 200. — Hy-
poxylon loculiftrum. Bull. t. 195./. 1.

On an old sack of sawdust in a wine cellar. Wisbeach, Mr. Jonathan
Peckover. On matting made of Scirpus lacustris. May 1815, in a
damp pew at Cobham Church, Kent, l)r. Leach. — Ehrenberg gives as
part of his generic character " caudices medio cavi," but as this does

Dothidea.] FUNGI. 2S5

not accord with a species described by Montagne in the new series of
the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, nor as it appears to me with the
present species, so far as I can judge from specimens gathered from
twenty to forty years ago, the substance being merely more loose inter-
nally, 1 have omitted it in the generic character. The perithecia are
either sessile or very shortly pedicellate, clothed with a close indistinct
tomentum varying in shape from globose to ovate, and in one very per-
fect individual 1 have observed a distinct very obtuse papilleeforni
ostiolum. They appear at first to consist of an uniform grumous mass,
in the centre of which a round cavity is at length formed, with a rather
broad, white border, confluent with and continued from the stroma,
which gradually decreases until little more is left than the black bark.
The cavity is traversed by a few mucedinous threads which are proba-
bly extraneous, and contains numerous elliptic chocolate-brown sporidia
with a pellucid border and other colourless, minute, elliptic bodies,
which are probably the sporules. The above description, though neces-
sarily imperfect, shows very clearly that this highly curious plant is
not to be rejected with tlie mass of RhizomorphcB as a mere barren
Mycelium. It is, however, highly desirable that its fructification should
be observed in fresh individuals ; in which, if the above account should be
confirmed, there can be no doubt that it is an European representative
of the South American genus Thamnomyces.

63. Dothidea. Fr, Dothidea.

Nuclei contained in the cells of a common stroma ; perithecia
obsolete. Asci erect, subpersistent. — Name from 5o^/7j/, a
tumour, and £/6o?, resemblance.

1. D. ribesia, Pers. (^Currayii-branch Dothidea); erimipent
subelliptic depressed black, of the same colour within, cells
very small white seated near the surface. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 350. Scler. Sitec. n. 100. — Sph. ribesia, Pers. Syn. p. 14.
Mouy. Sf Nest. n. 21b. Nees, Syst. /. 312. Johnst. Ft. Bene.
2. p. 123. — Stromatosphccria ribcsia, Grev. FL Fd. p. 357.

On dry branches of the Red Currant. Very conunon.

2. D. typhina, Pers. (reed-mace Dothidea) ; elono^ated innate
in the sheaths of grasses surrounding' the stem dirty-white,
soon orauire-yellow, at length granulated from the projecting
ostiola. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. -2. p. 553. — Spk. typhina, Pers.! Syn.
p. 29. Ic. et bescr. t. l.f. 1. 3IoHy. 6; Nest. 7i. 71). Fr..' Scler.

Succ. em. n. 37 S. spiculifera. Sow. ! t. 274. Purt. v. 2. c^- 3.

n. 1 1 06. — Stromatosphccria typhina, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. ^204 —
Polystigma typhinum, Dec. I. c. p. 33S. Grev. F'l. Fd. p. 3G5.

()n living grasses. Summer. Very common The curious spicu-

late ap[)carancc in Sowcrby's plant arises from the protrusion of the
extremely elongated asci. In the present and two following species,
true, thongh delicate, perithecia are present, and in consecjueiice they
would be n)uch belter consiilercd as Sjdurria. l^Vies, it shoultl
seem, inelines now to this opinion, as in his new issue of ihied Tnngi it
is arranged amongst the Sj)hcuri(C, in the division 0/)frc/iC. At least
so it is in my co[)y. As regards the two following species, true

286 FUNGI. [Dothidea.

asci are figured by Kunze in S. Padi {Dotliidea fulva), Myc. Heft. 2.
t. ]. f. 18 ; and, though Dr. Greville finds the nuclei consisting of
various sized globules, there is every reason to believe that the perfect
plant on fallen leaves will be found furnished with asci like the nearly
allied species D. fulva. Fully developed fructification in GasterGmy-
cetes is not to be expected on still living leaves. The stroma is innate
in the sheath and consequently surrounds the stem, but it is not super-
ficial as Dr. Greville supposes.

3. D. rubra^ Pers. (^Sloe-leaf Dothided) ; liypophyllous orbi-
cular bright red, at length red-brown, cells immersed red, ostiola
subimmersed. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 553. Scler. Siiec. n,
191. — Xyloma riibntm, Pers. Syn. p. 103. Part. v. 3. n. 1571,
t. 33. — Poly stigma ruhrum^ Bee. I. c. t 6./. 7. Moug. ^' Nest, f
n. 270. Grev. ! Fl. Ed. p. 365. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 120. Baxt. )
Ox. n. 32.

On leaves of Primus spinosa, &c. Summer and Autumn. Com-
mon.— Resembling at first sight a young jEcidium.

4. B. fulva, HoU. & Schm. (tawny Bothidea) ; hypophylloiis,
somewhat angular tawny, cells immersed of the same colour,
ostiola immersed. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 554. Scler. Suec.
n. 241. — Polystigma fulvumy Bee. /. c. t. 6.f. 8. Moug. Sf Nest.
n.27l.

On leaves of Primus Padus. Not uncommon in Scotland. — Larger
and of quite a different colour from the last.

5. B. collieulosa, Berk. (Pear-leaf Bothidea) ; epiphyllous,
spots yellow, orange in the centre, cells aggregate minute yel-
low distinctly pierced, sporidia oozing out. Sow. t. 409, ivith'
out a name.

On Pear leaves. Southcote, [June 17, 1807. John Walker^ Esq.
— Scarcely thickening the leaf. Sporidia not very minute, nor to be
confounded with the tubercles on the reverse of JE. cancellatum, which
are evidently abortive pseudoperidia. Sphce. rubens, Johnst. ! is the
abortive pseudoperidia of ^. cornutum.

6. B. hetulina, Fr. (Birch-leaf Bothidea') ; epiphyllous angu-
lar but irregular tuberculated shining black, black within, cells
white. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 554. Scler. Sued n. 144.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 200. f. 2. — Xyloma hetuUnimh Fr. Gbs.

1. p. 198. Bee. I. c. t. 3./. 1. Moug. Sf Nest. I n. 370 b.

Betulce 7iancB, Wahl. Fl. Lapp. t. 30. /. 3. Un. Itin. !

On leaves of Betula alba. Common. — b. on Betula nana, Mr.
Walker Arnott.
I

7. B. Ulmi, Duval, (Elm-leaf Bothidea) ; epiphyllous, round-
ish confluent convex greyish -black, black within, cells white,
ostiola granulceform. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 555. Grev. /
Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 200. / l.—Sph. ulmaria, Soiv. ! t. 374. / 3.
'-^Stromatosphceria idmaria, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 359.

On Elm leaves. Autumn. Extremely common Larger, more con-
vex and duller than the last, which it otherwise much resembles.

DotJiidea.] ruNGi. 287

8. D. Ilerdclci, Wormsk. ( Cow-parsnep Dothidea) ; growing^
on either side of the leaf, confluent angulra' rugoso-tuberculate
opaque black, blackish within, cells white. J^?\ jSt/st. Myc, v.
2. p. 556. Jo/msL Fl. Beriv. 2. p. 133.

On leaves of Heracleum Sphond>,Uum. If the specimens sent to
Dr. Hooker by Dr. Johnston and Mr. Piirton (from 3Ir. Baxter) are
the true phmt, they are certainly in an early stage of growth. 1 can-
not find the least trace of cells ; but the substance is homogeneous and
brownish, like that of Sclerotium herharum.

9. D. Gerdiiii, Fr. (^compound Geranium Dothidea) ; hypo-
pliyllous, cells minute slightly prominent mouthless somewhat
connate and forming a spot-like orbicular tuft. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc^
V, 2. p. 538. Xyloma Geranii, Grev. ! Fl. Ed, p. 368.

, On leaves of Geranium sijlvaticum. Auchindenny woods. JD)\
Greville. — " Forming black spots, 1 — 2 lines broad, dotted with the
slightly prominent cells which are white within." Fr. I. c.

10. Z>. astroidea^ Berk, (^star-like Elm Dothidea) ; epiphyllons
black, perithecia slightly prominent connate forming small
irregularly stellate-aggregate tubercles. — Asteroma Ulmi, Grev.E
Fl. Ed. ;?. 368. Fr. EL 2. p. 152.

On green leaves of Elms. About Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. — This
is not a true Asteroma, according to the definition of De Candolle, hav-
ing no real filaments, and is perhaps only an early stage of Dothidea
Jjlmi. I have removed it to Dothidea, as keeping it in Asteroma could
only mislead, and as there is a true species of that genus found
likewise on elm leaves. Fries in his specific character says " spots
nofie ;" in Dr. Greville's specimens, however, the starry tubercles are
generally seated on a small round pale spot.

11. Z). Fumdgo, Fr. (^Speedwell Dothidea) ; epiphyllous, cells
very minute black shining distinct scattered or crowded into a
roundish spot. Fr. Scler. Siiec. ! n. 422.

On leaves of Vei-onica officinalis. Spring. Mr. W. TTilson.—-
Easily distinguished by its snuitty appearance, so that at first sight it
may l)e taken for some Tonda. A very pretty nondescript species on
tlic leaves of some Poh/gomnn, has been communicated by Mr. Stock
to Dr. Hooker forming round spots of crowded cells. 1 do not, how-
ever, propose it as new, as I think nothing is gained by multiplying
species distinguibhcd after all chiefly by their matrix.

12. D. Fa?iu?iculi, Vi\ (Croirfooi Dothidea); liypopliyllows,
spots indeterminate uniform black, tubercles subgregarious de-
pressed unequal. Fr. Sysf. Myc. v. 2. p. 5G2.

On leaves oi' Jiauuncidi. Berwick, Dr. Johnston. — I have seen no
authentic sj)ccimens, but imagine that the plant before me is the same
with that of Fries, as it is evident ly variable. In one specimen, how-
ever, the spots are determinate, though in the same individual >ome-
tin)es shaded oHinto a [jaliid bonier, which, like the black part, bears
tubercles.

13. D. Potentilhc, Yv. (PotctUilla Dothidea); epiphyllouB

288 FUNGI. [dsteroma.

seriato-confluent following tlie direction of tlie nerves, slightly
hairy opaque black. Fr, SysL 3Iyc. v. 2. p. 563. — h, Poten-
tilled reptantis ; shining collapsed rugose. Purt, MSS. — c-
Potentillce vernce ; shining, even. Sp. PotentillcB, Sow.! L 370.
/. 2.

On living leaves of Potentillce. — b. sent by Mr. Baxter to Mr.

Purton c. Sowerhy The slight hairiness of Fries* plant depends

probably on the silvery down of the matrix.

14. D. AlchemillcBy Grev. {Lady s-Mantle Dothidea) ; epi-
phyllous black seated on a pallid spot, perithecia slightly promi-
nent connate disposed in rows which radiate from a common
centre. Johnst. ! Ft. Berw. 2. p. 133. — Asteroma AlchemillcB,
Grev. Ft. Ed. p. 369. Fr. El. 2. p. 152.

On living leaves of Lady's-mantle. Common in Scotland. — " When
mature consisting of black minute raised points or very short lines
ckistered on pale circular spots of the leaf. The points are irregularly
arranged, but they are most closely set in the centre and assume alto-
gether an obscure star-like form." Jolmst. I. c. This species again,
which is described as an Asteroma by Dr. Greville, appears to me
much more conveniently placed in Dothidea, as there is nothing like
the filaments of Asteroma^ though the perithecia are disposed in
rows.

15. D. Robertidni, Fr. (Herb Robert Dothidea) ; epiphyllous,
scattered hemispherical even shining black, white within. Fr..
Syst. JMyc. v. 2. p. 564. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 146./. 1 —
Cri/ptosphcBria nitida, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 363. Baxt. ! Ox,
n. 78.

On green leaves of Geranium Robertianum. Nery common. Also
on Geranium rotundifolium. ^^ Dothidea &'era«fi." Purt. MSS. ^

16. D. dltiea, Pers. (Alder leaf Dothidea) ; growing on either
side of the leaf scattered subrotund black shining, rugoso-plicate
when collapsed. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 564. Scler. Suec. /
*S'. n. 288. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 146./. 2.—Xyloma alneum,
Pers. Syn. p. 108. Moug. S)- Nest.! n. 78. Piirt. v. 3. p,
318. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 368.

On green Alder leaves. Common. — Fries remarks the great simi-
larity between this species and Sph. artocreas. I find the fructification
of that plant, when growing on Oak leaves, precisely the same as what
is figured by Dr. Greville in D. alnea.

64. Asteroma. Dec. Asteroma.

Cells very small, slightly prominent, close, subconfluent,
seated on more or less distinctly radiatingy?3n7/<8. — Name from
astrum, a star.

1. A. reticuldtum, Dec. (reticulated Asteroma) ; epiphyllous,
black subseriate, the cells joined by free longitudinal creeping
somewhat branched fibrillee. — Dothidea reticulata^ Fr. Syst,

Rhytisma.] FUNGI. 289

Mt/c. V. 2. p, 560. Corda in St. Deulsch, FL t. 3. t. 13. 3Ioug,
^ Nest. I n. 982,^Sph. reticulata. Bee. FL Fr, 2. p. 138.
— Asteroma Pohjgonati^ Dec, Mem. Mus. v. 2. p. 336. t, 4./. 5.
On decaying leaves of Convallaria maialis. King's Cliffe, Nortiis.
Rev. M. J. Berkelei/. — On the continent it is usually found on Con-
vallaria Polygonal am, accompanied by Sph. cruenta : I believe they
are also associated in my specimens ; but as the leaves werecjuite dry,
I could not satisfy myself on this point.

2. A. Ulmij Klotzscli, {Elm-leaf Asteroma) ; fibrillin very
delicate much brauclied radiating subdichotomoas flexuous
seated on a brownish spot. Kl. in Hook. Herb.

On Elm leaves. Scotland. Khtzsc/i.—'nus is extremely dilfere:it
from the plant published under the same name by Eh*. Greville and is a
tn\e Asteroma. A species scarcely distinguishable occurs on Apples ;
this is, I suppose, A. Pijrl, Grev. in Loud. Ilort. Brit. In the same
place a species is* recorded by the name of A. Fraxini, Grev. This
is most probably the i)Iant of De CandoUc : I have not seen specimens,
and no specific characters have been published.

3. A. Pnmellcc, Purt. {Prunella Asteroma); epiphyllons,
fibrilUe pitch-black straight radiating in fascicles from a central
tubercle, cells very minute subcentral. Ba.xt. ! Ox. n, 79.
Purt. ! 3ISS.

On green leaves o^ Prunella viihjaris.— h. most distinct and curious
species, resembling Asteroma Pligtenmce, Dec. It has the appearanca
of a minute Hutchinsia, spread out upon the leaf, with its knob-like root
in the centre.

4. A. Pcidi, Grev. {Bird-cherry Asteroma) ; radiating much
branched, the branches arcuate brown with a central silvery

line. Grev. ! in Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 459 Dotltidea ? Padiy

Bub. Syn. p. 716.

On leaves of Prunns Padus. . Scotland. Dr. Greville. — A most
beautiful sj)ecies, of which I have seen but a single sj)ecimen which
takes its origin from the midrib on the U|)per side of a leaf, whence
three main subdichotomous branches of this parasite are given oil;
their branchlets, except towards the apices, strongly arcuate.

Q^j. RiiVTisMA. Fr. Khytisma.

Pcrithccinm of no regular form, bursting w ith a more or less
flexuous fissure into transverse fragments. Asci erect. — Name
^'oTiiy a wrinkle.

I. R.corrugdtum, Ach. (wrinlded R/u/tisma) ; minute innato-
supcrficial, bursting with many flexuous fissures. Fr. Syst. J/yr,
V. 2. ;^. 565. S'cler. Sued n. ISj.—Lccidca corrugata, Ach.
Syn. p. IS.^Limboria corrugata, Ach. in V. A. //. 1.S15. f. 6.
f. 5. {Ji'le Fr.)— Lichen grauijhrmis, E. B. t. 1464. (para.sitic
on Lccidea Ehrartiana mixed with some species of Calicium.)

On the cruat of Lccidea Ehrartiana. On old baru-doors, &c.

u

-^0 FUNGI. [Rhytisma.

SiifFolk. D. Turner, Esq. Stibbington, Hunts, Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
Appearing at first like the old wrinkled shields of the Lichen on which
it is parasitic. — Fries is now of opinion that the crust on which the black
bodies are produced is not heterogeneous, and that, consequently, they
are true shields. He has, tlierefore, proposed for it the genus Cliosto-
mum, Fr. aS*. O. V. 1. p. 116. Lich. Eur. p. 455.— As this opinion
is founded on the notion that Lecidea Ehrartiana is merely the apothe-
cia of Lecidea varia uj)on a foreign crust, it is scarcely advisable at
present, in a local Flora, to make any alteration until such is generally
acknowledged to be a correct view. 1 have the same plant from Madeira.

2. R. maximum^ Fr. {large Willow-branch Rhytisma) ; sub-
innate broad even, the circumference obtusely lobed, bursting
in minute fragments, furnished with a pure white stratum
beneath the disc. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. 2. p. 566. Scler. Suec. !
n. 250 — Sjjh. aurea, Soiv. ! t. 'dbQ.—Relh. Cant. ed. 3. ;?. 574.

On Willow branches. Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. Rel/ian and Rev.
3Tr. Holmes — Forming bullate black patches on the young branches,
adnate with the epidermis, shining in the centre, dull towards the mar-
gin, which is lobed ; the lobes rounded, with or without a golden yel-
lovv border, especially remarkable in the Cambridgeshire specimens, in
which the patches are frequently confluent, extending for several inches,
so as to give the branches on which they grow a very beautiful chec-
quered appearance, like the skin of an adder. Substance inmiediately
below the epidermis subcinereous, then jet-black, beneath which again is
a pure white stratum from which the upper portion easily chips off.

3. R. Andromedce, Pers. {Andronieda-leaf Rhytisma) ; innate
oblong costato-rugose shining, disc of a cinereous dingy-brown
hue. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 567. Scler. Suec! n. 133.
Corda in St. Deutsch. FL v. 3. t. 46. — Xyloma Andromedce,
Fers. Syn. p. 104. 3Ioiiy. §- Nest, f n. 176. Dec. Me?n. du
Mils. p. 320. t. 3./. 13.

On living leaves o{ Andromeda polifolia. Mr. W. Wilson.— 'Re-
sembling pitch poured upon the leaves.

4. R. salicinnm, Pi^rs. (IVilloiv-leaf Rhytisma) ; innate thick
tuberculate somewhat shining bursting in little scales, disc
slightly yellow, flesh white. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. IjQS.
Scler. Svec. ! n. 134, 208. — Xyloma salicinum, Pers. ! Syn,
p. 103. Purt. V. 3. n. 1576. Grev. Fl. Ed, p. 368. Sc. Crypt,
Fl. t. 118. /. 2.— X leucochreas, Dec. I, c. /. 5. Moug. ^ Nest,
91, 175.

On leaves of Willows. Very common, occurring even on the sum-
mits of the highest Scottish Alps, growing onSalixherbacea — The plant
it should seem, does not apy)ear with an open disc till the spring, when,
of course, the leaves are fallen and dead. In its early stage it is, as
Dr. Johnston remarks, altogether a Sclerotimn, but the perfect plant
is furnished Vvith asci which is altogether at variance with that genus.
It is in point of fact a case of analogy rather than of afiinity, a distinc-
tion which can scarcely be too constantly kept in view. On some
"willows it is surrounded by a yellow border.

5. R, Acerinumy Fevs. (^Sycamore Rhytisma) i innate, spots

Phacidium.] FUNGI. 291

confluent rugose bursting byflexuous labiate fissures, disc pale.
Fr. Si/St, Mijc, V. 2. p. 569. Scler, Suec. ! 7i. 2Q7.—Xyloma
acerinumy Pers, Si/7i. p. 104-. Moug. &,- Nest.! 7i. 77. Dec,
I. c.f. 9. Grev. FL Ed. p. 367. Sc. Crypt. Fit. 118./. 1.—
Mucor grannhsus, Bull. t. 504. /. 13. \\ith. v. 4./>. 371. — b.
X. Psettdo-platani, Dec. I, c.f. 4, a., thin, seated on a yellowish
spot.

On leaves of the common Sycamore and Maple. Extremely com-
mon, perfecting its fructification in Spring, b. Roslin. Dr. Greville.

6. R. punctdlum^ Pers. (dot-lihe Ehijtisma) ; innate crowded
of a roundish but angular form shining black, bursting in little
fragments brown-black within. Fr. St/st. Mijc. v. 2. p. 569.
— Xyl. punctatum, Pers. Si/n. p. 104. Dec. I. c.f. 4. Moug. ^•
Nest. ! n. All . — Sjjhccria suhconfluejis, Purt. v. 3. p. 284.

On Sycamore leaves. — Not so common as the last, of which Dr.
Greville and Mr. Purton consider it merely a variety ; but so far as I
can judge, from dry specimens, for I have never met with it, I believe
it to be distinct.

7. R. Urticce, Fr. (^Nettle-stem Rhytismu) ; innate forming an
elongated ambient crust, tubercles slightly prominent even
bursting by a slightly flexuous fissure. Fr. Sgst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 510. Scler. Suec. ! n. 9. Moug. ^- Nest. ! n. 865. Purt. !

MSS.

On dead Nettle-stems. Winter and spring. — Care must be taken not
to confound true Sphccricc with this species which is very dibtinct.

66. Phacidium. Fr. Phacidium.
Perithccium orbicular, bursting from tlie centre towards the
circumference in many lacinia3. — Name, ^ax^j, a lejUil, and
iioo;, rescinhlance.

* Perithecium entire (not dimidiate^ at length free.

1. P. caltciifdrme^ Reb. (Calicium-lihe Phacidhim) ; naked
subsessile globoso-de})ressed rugoso-vcrrucose from minute
cracks opacpie black bursting with obtuse laciniie, disc pale.
F'L El. 2. p. 131. — Ceucuigium caliciiforme, Fr. Syst. Myc. v, 2.
p. 183. Pei's. Myc. Eur. 1. p. 333. t. 2. / 3, A.— Triblidium
caliciiformey Chcv. Par. t. '6.f 9.

" On branches of Lime. Hamilton. Dr. Davidson^' M. Klolzsch.** —
It ap[)ear.s to me, however, very doubtful whether tiieir plant is correctly
named, and unl'ortunately, in my copy of Sdcronujcetcs Succuc, there is
no specimen.

2. P. Patella^ Tode, (saucer- It lie Pliacldium) ; erumpont
sessile free at first more or less olivaceous, at lenglli blai k even,
disc depressed rarely open, dirty-white and then crownotl with
a toothed bord«'r. Fr. El.'2. p- 1 33. Scler. Sued n. 369. —
Sj)/t. P(dtll,i, Pii's. Syn.p.lQt. Moug.S)- Nvst.! ;<. 485. Grew
FL Ed. p. 353. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. j\l. Purt. r. 3.

292 FUNGI. [Phacidium.

p, 490. — Heterosphceria Patella, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 1 03.

Baxt. ! Ox. n. 30 Sph. penetrans, a. Patella, Tode, Fung.

Meck.f. I2i.—Pez. C/iailletii, Pers. Myc. Eur, \. p. 288. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 2. ;;. 144.

On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Not uncommon in the unex-
panded state, but only perfectly developed in alpine and subalpine
districts in consequence of their more constant moist atmosphere, as at
Appin where it is abundant. — It is curious, however, that even in the
imperfect plant, there is a sort of fructification, the contents of the asci
oozing out and forming a very fugacious globule.

** Perithecia intiate, siibdimidiate,

3. P. Pini, A. & S. (Scofch-J/r Phacidium.) ; erumpent sub-
rotund truncato-disciform black, lacinise of the peritheoium
obtuse, disc dirty-brown, flesh white. Schmidt, Myc. Heft. 2.
t 2. f.M. Fr. Si/sf. Myc. v. 2. p. 573. Scler. Succ. ! n. 1 63.
—.Xyhma Pini, Alb. 8^ Schiv. Consp. f. 5./. 8.

On the bark of Pinus sylvestris. Appin, Captain Carmicliael^
Wilton, Southwick. Norths., Pev. M. J. Berkeley.

4. P. carbondceum, Fr. {Ijlach-powdered Phacidium) ; err.m-
pent subrotund unequal black splitting into obtuse lacinise, disc
dry at length l)lack. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 574. Scler. Succ. !
n. 210. — Xyl. carbonaceum, Fr. Obs. 2. />. 359.

On twigs of willows. Spring. Southwick, Norths. Pev. M. J.
Bcrheley. It has also been found by 3Tr. Purton, being his Sph.
salicina, MSS. — At first closely covered with the epidermis, orbicular,
flat ; disc black as if powdered with charcoal.

5. P. Vaccina, Pers. ( Vitis-Idcea Phacidium) ; erumpent
n.inuto convex shining rugose splitting into four lacinise, disc
brownish-black. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 575. Scler. Snec. !
71. 289. Johnst. Fl. Berw. v. 2. p. 134. — Xyl. eriniipois, Fr.
Obs. \.p. 202— Sph. Arbuti, Sow.! t. 270. f. 6.

On leaves of Vaccinium Vitis Idxa and (if Sowerby be correct as to
tlie matrix, which is donbtfiil) Arbutus Uva Ursi. It is found also
by Dr. Johnston near Berwick on Vaccinium Myrtillus : I have not,
however, seen specimens.

6. P. corondtum, Fr. (crowned Phacidium^ ; innate orbicular
liemisplierico-depressed black splitting into many acute laciniee,
disc yellowish. Fr. Obs. 1. p. 167. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 577.
Scler. Suec. ! n. 163. Moug. S^ Nest.! 7i. 559. Grev. Sc. Crypt.
Fl. t. 52. Fl. Ed. p. 366.— Pez. comitialis, Sow.' t. 118.
— Pez. viridis, Bolt. ^. 109./ 1.

On fallen leaves of Oak, Beech, <S:c. Common.— D/^c varying in
colour : sometimes circumscribed with a black line. <,i .

7. P. dentdtum, Schmidt, {quadrangular Phacidium) ; Cjuad-
rangular seated on a pale spot black splitting into 4 — 5 acute
lacinife, disc dirty-yellow. Schmidt, in Myc. Heft. 1. p. 41.
Fr. Syst. Mi/c. v. 2. p. 577. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 366. 3Ioug. 3,-

Jlijsterlam.] rUNGI. 293

Nest..! 71. 561. — Xf/I. angulare. Pint,! v. 3. n. 1573. Sj)!^
pimctiformiSi y. ambigna, Pers. Sj/}i. p. 91.

On fallen oak-leaves. Common. — On almost every drv oak-leaf pale
spots occur, stiuldecl with minute shining black points, which arc, 1
presume, either the young state or perha[)s premature individuals of the
present species ; amongst these the perfect quadrangular plant is fre-
quently mixed, si)litting into about 4 laciniae from the centre to the
angles. The imperfect state mentioned above is the Sph. punctiforuiis
of Purton. P. Delta, Kunzc ! ap. HoU. Bot. Zeit. 1830. v. 1. p. 3G9,
appears to me merely a variety, with generally triangular perithecia.

8. P. Lauro-Cerasi, Desm. (^Cherrg -laurel Phacidium) ; hy-
popljylloiis orbicular piiiictiforui hollon' wlieii collapsed at
leugtli black splitting into tliree acute lacinite. Desm. exs. n. 188.
Fr. El, 2. p. 13G. 3Ioug, ^ Nest. ! n. 985. — Sph, cijatlioidca,
Pers. ! in Hook. Herb.

On fallen leaves of the common Laurel. Very frequent. — Disc
yellowish when moist. Asci linear ; sporidia oblong, in a single row.
The finest and most perfect specimens I have seen were gathered by
Captain Carmichael and marked Peziza Lauri ; they have quite the
air of a true Peziza, the margin projecting greatly above the ej)idermis
and quite entire. I doubt whether the lacinias do not arise entirely from
the rupture of the epidermis. Sphccria Crattrlum and, if I mistake
not, Sph. Ilicis have nearly the same structure.

9. P. repdndum^ Fr. (repartd P/iacidiitm) ; innate subrotuud
pallid-green at length black bursting >vith unequal obtuse
lacinite, disc dingy-brown. Pr. Si/st. Mgc. v. 2. p. o7S. Johnst. /
PL Bene. 2. p. 134;. — Xyloma herbarum, xilb. <Sf Schiv. Co/isp.
t. 4./. 6.

On the stems and leaves of various plants. On Sherardia arvcnsis,
Berwick, but rarely. Dr. Johnston.

67. HYSTEKii^r. Tode. ITysterium.
Pirithecium elliptic or elongated, bursting !>y a simple longi-
tudinal fissure. — Nanre from v6r:^r,iJLu, pointing to the peculiar
form of the species.

* Xahed.

1. JLpulicdre, Por^. (common Ift/stcriion) ; superficial eirq)tic
or oblong longitudinally striate black, lips obtuse, disc linear.
Pers. Sgn. p. 98. Necs, Syst. f. 302 {except the unali/sis).
Fr. Si/st. Mt/c. V. 2. p. 579. Scler, Sure. / ;/. ()1, 91. 3/ou(/.
^ Nest. ! n. '2GG. Grev. Sc. Crgpt. PL t. 1G7. f. 1. Fl. Fd.
p. 3G6.

On trunks of trees. Conmion. — Captain Carmichael's specimens
have not the ainuilated sjunidia figured by Dr. (»revillc and which I
have verified in Fries' specimens, Scltr. Suec. u. ()1 ; though I d«» not
find ihcm so decidedly clavatc. They are probably the true Hi/st.
vnrium, Fr., but as 1 have seen no anlhentio sj)eciniens, 1 will not, in
this pn/./linj: genus, run the ri^k of committing an error.

2. //. (Icngdlumy M'ahl. (elo/igalcd Jfrstt rii/m) ; snpei ficial

294 FUNGI. [Hysferium,

oblong straight nearly even opaque black, lips swollen, disc
linear. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. 2. p. 581. Scler. Sued n. 62. —
/3. ciirvatinn, close flexuous somewhat interwoven. H, lineare,
Johnsf.FL Bene. 2. p. 135.

(I. On the stems of Roses. Berwick, Dr. Johnston. It has also
been found by Mr. Purton.

3. H. linedre, Fr. (linear Hysteriuni) ; subimniersed crowded
parallel linear black, lips slightly swollen even, disc linear. Fr.
Sijst Myc. V. 2. p. 583. Scler. Suec. ! n. 90. Grev. Sc. Crypt.
Ft. t. 1 67. /. 2.— ZT. anyuslatimi, Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 563. Purt.
V. 3. 71. 1578.

On wood ; not uncommon.

4. H. Carniichaelidnum^ Berk. (CarmichaeVs Hysterium) ;
superficial substipitate short linear or subelliptic black opaque
not even, lips obtuse inflexed. — Hyst. varium, Grev. Sc. Crypt.
FL t. 233.

On smooth oak bark. Appin, Captain Carmicliael. — This species
is pronounced by Fries, in his Elenchus, to be not his H. varium ; and,
consequently, as it is very well marked, I have drawn up a specific
character from the only specimen preserved in the Appin collection.

** Erumpent.

5. H. Frdxini, Pers. (Ash-twig Hysterium) ; erumpent elliptic
hard black, lips tumid even, disc linear. Pers. Syn. p. 100.
t. 2. f. 5—8. Moug. &; Nest. ! n. 267. Purt. v. 3. p. 319. t. 32.
Fr. 'Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 585. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 72. FL
Ed.p.ZQ7. Baxt.l Ox. n.^^.-^Sph. sulcata, Bolt. t.\24t. Sow.
t. 315. Purt. V. 2. p. 711.

On the smaller fallen branches of the Ash. Winter and spring.
Extremely common.

6. H. rugosum, Fr. (rugged Hysterium) ; stroma crust-like
innate brown-black, perithecia elliptic bursting through the
living bark at length running together into irregular spots.
Fr. El. 2. p. 140. — Opegrapha macularis, Ach. Syji. p. 72. — x.

fagineum ; perithecia larger slightly prominent oblong at length
running together into effused rugged spots. Fr. ! Scler. Suec.

72.353 Schizodermafagineum, Chev. Fl. Par. t. W.f.u. p. 438.

— Opegr. epiphega, E. B. t. 2282 (3. cjuerciuum ; perithecia

smaller subimmersed ovate at length running together into
subdeterminate nearly even spots. Chev. I. c.f. 21. t.

On the smooth branches of beech and oak. Extremely common. —
Usually referred to the order Lichenes, from which, however, Messrs.
Borrer and Hooker, in accordance with the views of Chevallier,Wallrotli
and Fries, consider it extraneous. See E?ig. Fl. v. 5. P. I. p. 148.
Indeed Sir James Smith, long since, had expressed the same opinion,
perceiving its affinity with Hijsterium. It differs from other Hysteria
in the presence of a stroma and in its being produced on living bark.

7. H. conigenum, Moug. & Nest. (Scotch-fir cone Hysterium) ;

Mysierium.]

FUKGI. 29i

erumpent small punctiform shining bars^ting by a longitudinal
fissure. JMoufj. ^- Nest. n. ! 475. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 2. p. 58G.
Johnst. Fl. Bene. 2. p. 136.

On fallen cones of the Scotch fir. Common Confined to the upper

and exposed part of the scales.

8. H. Vaccinii, Carni. (^Bilberry -stem Hysterium) ; subinnate
oblong-elliptic at first brownish from the almost adnate cuticle
at length naked black, lips acute not inflexed, disc linear.
Carm. MSS.

On stems of Vaccininm Myrtillus. Appin, Captain Carmichael —
This is a very distinct species, a true Hysterium and quite dificreut
from H. degenei'anSy a species included in Loudon's list. In its early
stage of growth it a[)pears like a brown spot ; as it swells, the cuticle
is raised up and at length splits longitudinally and for a long time
closely covers the two lobes of the perithecium. H. pulicarcj Johnst.
Fl. Bene. v. 2. p. ISO, is probably this species.

*** Subinnate.

9. H. Riibi, Pers. {Bramble Hystcriimi) ; subinnate placed
longitudinally elongated acute even shining black at length
gaping, grey within. Pers. Syn. p. 101. Moug. c3' JSest. !
n. 564. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 24. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 587.

On dead stems of various species of Brauiblc. Is'ot uncommon. — At
length naked.

10. //. Fincistri, Schrad. {Pine-leaf Hysteriimi) ; epiphyllous
innato-immersed oval-oblong even at length black opening with
an elliptic orifice, disc livid. Pers. Syn. p. 28. Movg. 6)
Nest. ! n. 76. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. (iO. Fl. Ed. p. 367.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 587. Sclcr. Siiec. ! n. 30. Johnst. ! Fl.
Berw. 2. p. 136. — /S. Juniperi ; prominent elliptic, lips convex
swollen. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 26. //. Ed. p. 367. Johnst.
I.e.

a.. On pine leaves. Very conmion. Covered witii the epidermis,
which gives it a greyish tinge. Several individuals are frequeiuly cir-
cumscribed by a distinct shining narrow black line. — /3. On leaves of
the common Juniper ; not uncommon.

11. H. jnelalettcttm, Fr. (white and black Ifysferiinn) ; hypo-
pliyllons minute elliptic even black, lips subconnivent white.
Fr.f Obs. 1. t. 2. /: 1. Scler. Suec. n. 29. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 589. Moug. Ss West.! n. 054. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 88.

On dr. id leaves of Vaccininm ilfis Lhcn. Not uncommon in Scot-
land, in alpine and subalpine districts. — The portion of the leaf oa
which it grows is pallid ; ptrithecia elliptic, depre>-sed, very obtuse,
aperture rather short.

12. II.arundin(ict>uni,Si'\u\u\. (Reed Ilystcrinni) ; innate oval
dejiressed nigiilose opaipu* brown-black, at length gaping willi
u longitudinal fissure. Moug. ^- Nest. ! n. (job. Fr. Sclcr.
Suec. 71. 328. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 591.

296 FUNGI. lExdpula.

On the sheaths of dry reeds. Early summer. Cotterstock, King's
Cliffe, Norths., Rev. M. J. ^er^e%.— Elliptic, obtuse, tinged with
brown, especially towards the circumference.

13. H. cuhnigeiiimi, Fr. (Grass Hystcrium) ; innate elliptic-
oblong prominent even black, at length opening with a pale
elliptic disc. Fr. Obs. 2. t. 7./. 3. Scler, Suec. 9i. 97. Sf/st,
Mf/c. V. 2. p. 591. — H. gramineiim, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 87.
FL Ed. p. 367. Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p. 136.

On culms and leaves of grasses. Very common.— It is quite clear
that though Dr. Greville refers to iMoug. cV Nest., his plant is the same
with that of Fr. Scler. Suec. n. 97. Mougeot and Nestler's H. gra-
wineum is very much smaller and has not, that I am aware, been found
in Great Britain.

14. H. foliicolum, ¥i\ {Leaf Hrjsferium) ; innate scattered
elliptic obtuse slightly tumid even naked black with a depressed
longitudinal fissure. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 592. Xyloma
hysterioides, Pers. Ic. ^' Descr. t. 10. /. 3, 4.--,S. Hederce ;
apices of the perithecia rather acute gaping with acute lips.
Mart. Erl. p. 472. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 129. /. \.-~y.
maculare ; seated on a white spot, apices obtuse. Grev, I. c.

a. On dry leaves of trees, especially of the order Rosacece, as Cra-
i(pgus Oxijacanthus.—9>. On dry ivy leaves.— 7. On oak leaves.— All
the three forms appear to be generally diffused.

68. ExciPULA. Fr. Excipula.

Perithecia borny, at length opening with an entire orbicular
aperture ; disc soft subdeliquescent. — Name excipulus, a vessel.

1. E. Rubi, Fr. (Raspberry Excipula) ; innato-erumpent,
peritbecia somewhat borny nearly plane black, disc at lengtb
open pale. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 190. Scler. Suec. n. 101.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 334.

On dead stems of the Raspberry. Common about Edinburgh. Dr.
Greville.

2. E. strigosa, Fr. (strigose Excipula) ; innate sessile flat-
tened concave strigose black, disc pale. Fr. hid. Alph. Scler.
Sued 71. \m.—Peziza strigosa, Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 103.

On culms and leaves of grasses. Appin, Captain Carmichael,
whose specimens are on straw and belong to the oblong form. Stibbing-
ton, Hunts , Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

69. AcTiNOTHYRiUM. Kuuze. Actinotbyrium.

Perithecium innate, scutiform, radiato-fibrous, covering tUe
fusiform sporidia. — Name axr/v, a ray, and (v^m, a door,

1. A. grdminis, Kunz. (common Actinothyrium). — Myc. Heft.
2. t. 2./. 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2. p. 597. Moug. ^ Nest. ! n.
657. Grev. Sc. Crypt, Fl. t. 218.

Leptostroma.] rUNGl. 297

On leaves and calms of grasses. Spring. — Forming little, round, very
flat black spots, with a central umbo of a close radiating fibrous struc-
ture, like that oi Pt/renula fiiffrescens, Ach.

70. PiiosTHiMiUM. Kunze, Prosthemium.

Peritheckim innate, orbicular, very much depressed, contain-
ing an entangled mass of cylindrical, articulated filaments ; to
^vhich are attached, two or three together, in radiating fascicles,
the fusiform sej)tate sporidia. — Named from T^oods/xa, the sporidia
being as it were aj^plied to the Jiiamenis.

1. P. hetidinum, Kunz. (^Birch-tree ProsiJiemiam), — Kunzc
JMtjc. Ilef. \.p. 17. t. I./. 10. Ft. Si/st. jSIijc. v. 3. ;?. 484.

On branches of Betula alba. Milton, ><'orths. 3Iessrs. Henderson
Sf Berhelei/. — This genus is to StUbospora what Cytispora is to
Ncemaspora. I find iho perit/iecia presenting, in a vertical section, an
elliptic outline, not merely covering the sporidia and filaments, but sur-
rounding them on all sides, and the sporidia longer than in the figure
quoted al^vc. Nothing can be more striking than their exact resem-
blance to those of some Cordomycetes. I possess a fungus of a somewhat
similar structure, on Lime branches, but differing in having the stratum
to which the sporidia are attached scarcely filamentous, and the sporidia
imiseptate. As I have only found this once, and very sparinglv, I
leave it for future investigation.

71. Leptostroma. Fr. Leptostroma.

Pcrithecium innate, subumbonate in the centre, dimidiate, at
length falling off and leaving a very thin disc. — Name, Xsttct',
ihiv, and e-T-io/xa, a layer.

1. L. caricinum, Fv. (Sedge Leptostroma) ; subrotund unequal
thin opaque, entirely falling oft' and leaving a brown spot. Fr.
Obs. '2. t. 1 .f. 4. Scler. Suec. n. 17G. Syst. JSIyc. v, 2. p. 598.

On leaves of various Cariccs. About Edinburgh, Dr. Grevillc. —
The perii/iccium is extremely tliin, and it leaves, when fallen off, a i)ale
brown spot surrounded by a little raised line. Other less perfectly
defined sj)ots, but of the same size, accomj)any the |)erfect ])lant, which
are either old worn indiviiluals, or an imj)crfectly developed state ;
occasionally in the centre of these there is a white I'ule spot.

2. L. Jilicl/iinn, Fr. {Fan-stem Lrptostroma) ; elongated
irregular even black marked when perfect with an elevated
longitudinal rib, at length separating entirely at the base. Fr.
Obs. 1. p. 197. Slier. ^Suec. ! 7i. 65. — Xyloma striaformisy
Moug. H^ Nest. ! v. 47G.-^Sph. Ptcridis, Sow. ! t. 394./ 10.

On tlead stems of Ptcris afpidiua. Not uncommon. — It recpiires
rare to distinguish jhis plant accurately. Scbrotium l^firidis, Moug.
& Nest. n. Ol'.i, which occurs on almost every fern-stem, generally
accompanies it, but whellur it is the \oung or imperftctly develojcd
plant or a distinct species is very doubtfiid. L.jdicinum often a^snmL■s
the form of an Ilysttrium and may almost always be distinguished by
the rib which runs down the centre. I have found it in winter dis-

298 FUNGI. [Batairea .

charging a white jelly from the base, just as the perithecium was
separating, consisting of very minute oblong sporidia. There is a very
curious form in the Appin collection, apparently on the stem of some
Aspidiian, with very minute stellate perithecia, or elongated with
stellate apices, like some Opegraphcc.

3. L. SpirecB, Kunz. {Meadow-sweet Leptostroma) ; conglo-
merato- conn ate irregular rugose shining grey within, at length
separating entirely at the base.

On deatl stems of Spircea Ulmaria. Extremely common.— After
Leptostroma follow, in the Si/stema Mi/cologicum, the doubtful genus
Ectostroma, which is characterized as " Epiphytous, effused spots^^^
without any proper (distinct from the matrix) substance or vegetation."
Of the forms enumerated, Dr. Greville has found that on Iris Pseuda-
corus about Edinburgh, which consists of oblong jet-black opaque spots
with the habit of a JRliytisma.

Tribe 3. Trichospermi. (^^/J, ?ihair, and 6-rsoixa, a seed.) —
Peridium simple or double, bursting when full grown and pouring
forth abundant naked dust-like sporidia, Sporidia rather large,
subglobose, collected more or less in tJie centre of the peridium, loose,
or interwoven more or less withjiocci. Texture vesiculose.

* Trichogastres. (^^/g, a hair, and ya(^rri^.) At first fleshy.
72. Batarrea. Pers* Batarrea.

Beceptacle bursting forth from a volva, stipitate, pileate, the
upper surface villoso-pulverulent. — Named in honour of the

IVIycologist Batarra,

1. B. Phalloides, Woo^w. {Phallus-like Batarrea) ; stem

equal, sporidia brown. Pers. Sgn.p. 129. t. S.f 1. N'ees, Sgst.

f. 257. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. 3. p. 7. — Lycoperdon Phalloides,

Woodw. Phil. Tr. V. 74. p. 423. t. 16, 1784. Dicks. 1. p. 24.

Smith. Spic. Bot. t. \'2. Sow. t. 390.

On sand hills. Aug. — March. Very rare. Norwich, Mr. W.
Humphrey. Stoke, Norfolk, W. J. Hooker. Bungay, Thomas Jenkin-
son Woodward, Esq. Suffolk, D. E. Davy, Esq. — " Whole plant
more or less of a brown hue. Exterior volva ovate, fleshy, dirty-white
inclining to brown, buried 6—8 inches in the sand, with a few dirty-
white, fioccose, rooting hairs at the base ; middle volva much thinner
and almost membranaceous connected with the outer by mucilage,
smooth within ; inner volva internally villous covered with \evy abun-
dant, yellow-brown dust-like seed; externally concave and smooth.
Stem formed within the cavity of the interior volva, cylindric, straight,
short, fleshy, filled with mucilage, but afterwards elongated upwards
with wonderful force and quickness and protruded through the soil,
carrying with it almost the whole inner volva, adnate with its apex and
covered with a portion of the outer coat torn off in the same manner.
Immediately after maturity it becomes dry, as also the volva, tubular
within, and externally fibrous ; and remains a long time bleached and
tossed about by wind and rain." Sin. I. c. To the above description,
which, though scarcely sufficiently exact, is the best and fullest hitherto

Geaster.]

FUNGI. 299

published, I have only to add that in the dry state the interior of the
lower portion of the volva is roui^h like the stem, and that the stem
itself is almost woody and has a filamentous cord running down from
the apex exactly as in Bat. Gaudichaudii, Ann. des. Sc. N. S. v. 2./>. 76.
tA.f. 1. They/ocr/, at least those immediately next to the receptacle,
for the specimen I have had an opportunity of examining is much
bleached, are as in that species branched and anastomosing ; sporidia
globose or subglobose, slightly angular with a rather broad pellucid
border. The stem at the apex is of a perfectly distinct substance from
the pUcus and enters into it in a slightly different way from that repre-
sented by Sowerby, being rounded above, while half the rounded [)ortioa
is adriate with it, its component filaments turning abruptly back and
passing into the coat of the pileus. So that in fact the difference of
structure between this species and B. Gaudichaudii is not so great as
might at first be supposed. Sowerby represents the stem as slightly
attenuated at the base but this does not accord with the only specimen
in his Herbarium in which it is slightly incrassated. The squarrose
appearance of the stem, when dry, arises from the outer layers being
broken up and detached from below, the inner layers running down for
a greater length than those which are more external. The consequence
of which structure taking place in any eminent degree would certainly
be the attenuation of the base of the stem as in B. Gaudichaudii.
Mr. Dickson remarked that the sporidia just before the plant l)ursts
through the sand are darker than when they have emerged from dark-
ness into light. This strikingly corroborates the general remark of
Fries Hiat tiie colour of the sporidia in the present grouj)eis intimately
connected with the mode of vegetation ; the truly subterraneous species
having hlack sporidia; those which are at first subterraneous, then
emerged, brown sporidia; while those which are free have them of
some brighter hue. The structure of this very curious fimgus as com-
pared with Geaster, and especially Geaster Bryardii which. has a very
distinct channel round the top of the stem, api)ears to me as far as I
can judge from expanded specimens only, to be as follows : — The outer
coat with its gelatinous stratum answers to the volva of Gcastrum, the
second and third coat (the middle and inner volva of Smith) which are
connate with the outer one, just above the point where the stem is
givcji off answering to the inner peridium. The truth of this would
j)robabIy appear more evident before the development of the stem and
the consequent rupture of the membranes.

73. Geasteu. Mich. Starry Piiffball.

Piriilnnu double, outer distinct persistent, splittiui^ into star-
like expandinj^ rays. — Name, yr^, the earth, and a'rrr;?, a star,

* Orijices iiumcTous.

1. C. rolifnrniis, Dicks. {Cullender Starr// PitffludI) ; outer
]>eri(liuni mnltifid pat^-nt, interior supported by many stems,
pierced with numerous ciliated orifices. Pcrs. Syti. p. 131.

J^r. St/st. M;/c. V. 3. p. 12 Lyrnp. coli/ormc, Dichs. I. p. '2\.t.

3./. 4. JVith. V. 4. p. 342. Wood u\ Linn. Fr. v. 2. p. 59.
Sow. t. 3 1 S. Part. n. 1 075. — Fungus C'oli instar pcrforatus, c^c.
Dill, in haii St/n. p. 27,

300 FUNGI. [Geasler.

On the ground. Rare. In the lane from Crayford to Bexley com-
mon. Doody in Rai Syn. Hami)ton Court, MerreL Sandy banks
at Mettingham, Suffolk. Gillingham and Earsham, Norf. Messrs.
Stone and Woodward. Hanley Castle, Wore. Messrs. Ballard and
liulfbrd.— There is no difficulty in distinguishing this fine and curious
species, which is remarkable for its numerous peduncles and orifices.
The peduncles are compressed, somewhat branched, and appear to bear
a definite relation to the number of orifices, which, as far as 1 can judge
from imperfect dry specimens, resemble those of Geaster riifescens more
than of any other species. The lining of the outer peridium is said
to resemble curd and to be foetid ; a portion of this in the dry plant
remains sometimes entangled among the peduncles when it has com-
pletely vanished elsewhere.

** 3Iouth pUcaio-sidcate, conical.

, 2. G. fornicdtus, Huds. (turreted Starr?/ Piiffhall) ; outer
p'endiuui mostly quadrifid with its inner coat separable and at
length inverted and fixed to its apices, inner peridium pedun-
culate somewhat pyriform, mouth conical striated. Fr. Sysf.
Myc. V. S. p. 12. — Lycop. forriica/inii, Huds. Fl. Aug. 2. p. 644.
With. V. 4. p. 344. Bryant, Hist. f. 14, 15, 16, 17, 20.
Woodtv. Lc.p.6^. Sow. t. 198. Purt. v. 2 S^ 3. 7i. 1074.—
Lye. coronatum, SchcEff. t. 183.— Cef/s^er, c^c, Wats. Phil. Tr.
V. 43. p. 234. t 2. / 9, 10. — Lye. volvam refiectens ore pecii-
nato. Schmid. t. 37./. 1— 4.— ,/3. multifidus. Schmid. Ic. t. 37.
/. 13, 14. Bryant, Hist.f. 14. 17.

In meadows and pastures, also on the bare ground amongst leaves.
Tsot uncommon in Suffolk and Norfolk. This species, though easy
enough to determine in the perfect state, is sometimes puzzling when
young. l! is distinguished from G. Bryantii by the absence of a groove
round the top of the stem, which in that species is always visible, even
in the unexpanded plant, on making a vertical section, and from G. Urn-
hatns by the different structure of the mouth. The outer coat of the
volva remains so firmly attached to the ground during the expansion of
the plant, that the inner separates and is inverted and fixed by the tips
of its stellate lobes, to those of the outer coat.

3. G. stridtus, Dec. (grooved Starry Puff ball) ; outer peri-
dium simple spreading, inner subpedicellate, mouth prominent
connate sulcate striate. Dee. Fr. 2. p. 267. I^r. Syst. Myc.

V. 3. p. 13 |S. minor. Fr. I. c. p. 14. ffooh. Ft. Lond. N. S.

aim Ic.

li. Sandy Denes near Yarmouth, abundant. Bungay, Mr. Stock.
— I do not know exactly what is the original G. striatiis of M. De
Candolle : but our plant entirely accords with the /3. of Fries. It differs
from G. liynhatus in the different nature of the orifice, and from G.
Bryantii by the want of the channel round the top of the stem, which
I am inclined to consider as of great importance. In its younger state,
before the inner coat of the volva is dried up, it would probably appear
quite sessile.

4. G. Bryantii, Berk. {Mr. Bryant's Starry Pi ff ball) ; outer

Geastcr.] FUNGI. 301

peridiuni simple, inner pedicellate with a strong groove round
the apex of the stem, mouth prominent sulcato-striate. — Li/co-
perdon sfelhtiwi, (S. minor, Woodw. I. c, p. 58. — Brt/ajif, Ilist,
/; 19. — Lye, volvam reflectens ore pectinnto, Schmid. Ic, t. 37.
/. 11, 12.

Under hedges, amonrjst leaves, &c., on mounds of sand and earth.
Tliorney, Camb. Apethorpe, Nortlis. Rev. M. J. Berhdeij. Bun-
gay, Mr. Stock. — Distinguished by the groove round the top of the
peduncle, a character well nuukcd in the figures of Bryant and Schmi-.iel
quoted above, and by the elongated conical plicate mouth. I have ob-
served in the present species when fresh, that a small portion of the
orifice is always broken oft' by the expanding rays of the outer peridiuin,
in consequence of a slight adhesion and carried away with them, and
thus an aperture is produced for the dispersion of the sporidia.

%%* Mouth ciVialo-fimhriale {not plicato-sulcate), depressed
{plain or broadly conical), at Itngih ichitish.

5. G, limbdfns, Fr. (midtifid starry Puffbull) ; outer peridium
coriaceous multifid expanded, inner subpyriform pedunculate,
mouth finibriato-pilose depressed subacute. Fr. Syst. Myc. v.
3. p, \5.— G. nuddjidiim, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 306 — Lye.
steWdum, Iluds. Fl. Angl. p. 643. Woodio. I. c. p. 54. Sow.
t. 312. With. V. 4. p. 343. Part. v. 2 cS' 3. 7i. 1073. (. 20.—
Lye. fornicatiun, Br. I. c. f. 12, Vi.— Lye. volvam explanans,
Schmid. t. AQ.

Woods aid hedge-banks. Xot common. — The inner peridium is
slightly constricted and then swollen at the base, witiiout any groove
round the top of the peduncle, into which it passes gradually.

6. G, mnmmosns, Chev. (mammillary Starry Fuffball) ; outer
peridium multifid rigid hygrometric, lacinise equal, inner peri-
dium sessile, mouth ciliated acutely conic seated in a circular
disc. C/iev. Far. I. /;. 359. Fr. Syst. Jlye. v. 3. p. \7.—Lyr.
reeollif/ens, WoodiV. I. c. p. 5S. With. v. 4. p. 345 — G, hy-
fjrometrieiim, (S. Anylicum, Pers. Syn. p. 135.

Woods and heaths. Norfolk. Messrs. Bryant and Woodicard. —
Of this 1 have seen no specimens and therefore copy Fries. JSowcrby's
Lye. rccollif/cna, t. 401, if his figure be correct as to the orifice, cannot
be the true' (r. hyf/rorne/rictis, yet it is so sin)ilar to some small indi-
viduals gathered m North America by Dr. Richunlson, that it is a
diiVicuk matter to be content with the eviilence aftbnled by the figure,
without having recourse to conjectiue, especially as from the close
j;rcssure of the rays when dry, it is frequently very difficult to asccr-
tain the real structure of the' orifice. There is, however, a marked
ditference in the present plant as described by Fries, viz., that the rays
when dry arc cx|)andeil, and close when moi-»tencd, exactly the reverse
being the case with the |)lant of Jr^owerby.

«#»• Month toothed {ciUce not distinct), determinate.

7. G. ritfcsrcns, Pers. (rcddishdtrnwn Starry Piif/'ball) ; outer
peridium midtifid at length revolule, inner seu^ile imked, mouth

302 FUNGI. [Bovista.

toothed. Pers. ! St/n. p. 134. Fr. Sf/sL Mf/c. v, 3. p. 18.— Z^c.
stellatum, Schceff. L 182— Zyc. sessile, {by error L. recolUgens),
Sow. ! t. SO.— Li/c. volvam reflectens ore dentalo, Schmid. Ic. t,
43. 50./. II. 1. 3. — Lye. stellattim, Br. I. c.f. 1 — 9.

On the ground in woods. Norfolk. Brijant and Rev. R. B. Francis.
Trowse near Norwich, SGwerhj.—Vexy variable in size, the inner
coat of the outer per idium often separating and becoming vaulted, though
in a less eminent degree than G. fornicatus. Of the figures given by
Bryant which I believe belong to the present species, fig. 3 represents
an individual with the inner peridium surrounded by a membranous
cup separating from the lining of the outer peridium. This accords
with the distinguishing character of G. duplicatus, C/iev., which is, I
should conceive, not a distinct species.

**#«* Mouth torn, siibstellate, smooth^ not prominent, sometimes
obsolete,

8. G. hygrometricvs, Pers. [hygrometric Starry Puff ball) ;
outer peridium multipartite thick rigid inflexed when dry,
imier sessile subreticulate (sometimes nearly smooth) bursting
irregularly. Pers. Syn. p. 13.5. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 19 —
Lye. stellatum. Bolt. t. 179. BidL t. 238, All.—Lijc. volvam
recolligens, Sclimid. ^.27.

In sandy woods. Svv-ain's moor, near Halifax, ^o/ton.— Bolton's
plant is just the same as that of Schmidel, except that the inner p^eri-
dium is shortly pedunculate, on which account it is considered by Nees
and Sprengel as distinct under the name of G. BoUonii. I have re-
ceived abundant specimens of this fungus from Madeira from the Rev.
R. T. Lowe. Bryant's f. 1—9 cannot be this species, as supposed by
Fries, who judged merely from his specific character without having
seen the figures. Sowerby's Lye. recolligens is probably the true plant,
but the representation of the orifice forbids its being cited as synony-
mous. The species varies greatly in size, colour, and the surfiice of
the inner peridium, which is sometimes reticulated, sometimes nearly
smooth.

74. Bovista. Dill, Puffball.

Peridium papyraceous, furnished with a distinct bark, which
at length peels off, altogether fertile within. Capillitium equal.
— Name, latinized from the German bojist,

1. B. nigrescens, Pers. {blackish PiffbaU) ; subglobose
(transversely oblong), peridium papyraceous tough at length
blackish-umber, bark even entirely evanescent, capillitium dense
purple-brown as well as the sporidia. Pers. Syn. p. 136.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 458. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. S. p. 23. Desm.! ex,
91. 527.— Lye. globosmn, Bolt. t. 118. With, v, 4. p. 350—
Lye. Bovista, Sow. t. 3S\. Purt. v. 2 8^ ^. n. 1070.

Heaths and dry pastures. Common. About U inch broad.

2. B. plumbea, Pers. (lead-coloured Piffball) ; globose peri-
dium of a flexible papyraceous texture lead-coloured, bark per-

L^coperdon.] FUNGI. 303

sisteiit at the base, mouth narrowed, capillltium and sporidia
brown. Pers. Sy7U jd. 137. t. 3./. 1. Klotzsch ! Fung. Geim,
exs. n. 57. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 24. — Lye. ardosiacnim^
Bull. i. 192. A. B. With. v. 4. p. 3o\.—Lyc. Bovista, tar. 2.
ardoaiaceum, Purl. v. 3. p. 273.

On the ground, heaths and dry pastures. Not rare. Autumn. —
Generally smaller than the foregoing.

75. Lycoperdon. Tourn. PufFball.

Peridium membranaceous, with an adnate subpersistent bark,
within furnished at the base with a spongy sterile stratum.
CapiUUuon unequal. — Name of the same import as the " crepi-
tus Lupi" of the old Herbalists.

1. L. gigdnteum, Batscl), {giant Puff-ball) ; peridium very-
brittle above very obtuse bursting in areolae evanescent, at
length broadly open, bark floccose subdistinct, flocci few eva-
nescent together with the olive dingy-brown[sporidia. Batsck,
Cont. \.f. 1G5. Pers. Syn.p. 140. * Fr. Syk Myc. v. 3. ;;.. 29.
— Lye. maxinntm^ Sc/ufff'. t. 332 (two upper Jig.). — L. Proteus,
var. 1. With. v. 4. pi 345. Part. v. S. p. 477 (in part). —
Bovista gigantea, Nees, f. 124. Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 458. Scot.
Crypt. FL t. 336.

in fields and plantations. Not very common. — Attaining a very
large size, often many feet in circun)ferencc, and filled with a loath-
some pidpy mass. It is placed in the genus Lycoperdon, because
of the spongy base, in consecjuence of which, when the sporidia arc
entirely dispersed, it resembles in form a large Peziza. A long and
very instructive account of this species is given by Fries in his Syst.
Myc. Among other points of interest he relates, that in individuals
injured when young by the reapers' sickles, a pale membranaceous web
is formed from ihacnpillHinm which fills up the wounds, forming septa,
which, if the wounds are numerous, divide the cavity into chajiibers,
and from this he infers the mode in which the sej)ta in Scltruderma
are formed, from the contraction of the inner mass, and in consequence
the insinuation of delicate white webs in the inier.sticcs formed arising
from the rnpUlitinrn. The white floccose veins in the Trnfjir may be
considered as somewhat analogous ; though in this case 1 believe the
interstices arc not accidental, whereas in Sc/eroder/na, if I may use the
phrase, they arc normally accidental. The cajfiddiu/n w ith the sporidia
is used for staunching' blood, and the spoufiy base for tinder. Tiic
upper stratum of the sj/oridia, which is exposed to light anil air, is
sometimes yellow, while all beneath is dingy-olive.

2. Ij. cfrldfittny Bull, (rmhossed PuffbuU) ; peridium above
flaccid c(dlapsiiig obtuse, apex dehiscent at length ojX'U and
tMip-sliaped, barren slratum cellular, internal peridium distinct
from tii«' sparing nearly free c(dla[>sing capillitium, sporidia
dingy yell(»w-brown. Jhill. t. 430. Fr. Syst. Myc. r. 2. /;.

32 Lt/c. qcmmutuin, nnoltdum and papiibdittHy Svh<r(f. t. 1{S9,

190, IbG.— L. Dovisla, Pers. Syn.p. ill. .Nu.v,./. \lo.—Lyc.

304? FUNGI. ILycoperdon.

Proteus, var. 5. With, r . 4. p. 350. — Fungus, 4'c«> ^^ suminilate
solum pulcerulentus, Raii Syn. ed. 3. p, 26. n, 3. — Lye. pyrU
forme verrucosum, Vaill. t. lQ.f> 4.

Meadows and pastures. Not very common. Near Aviemore,
Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb. — Remarkable for its spongy, blunt, obconic
base. Cavity above sublenticular. In consequence of the simple
orifice, the mass oi Jiocci and sporidia does not fall out but collapses,
until by decay the upper part of the fungus is ruptured.

3. L.pusUlum, ^ixv^ch, (dtvarf Piiffball) ; perldi urn altogether
ilviccid persistent obtuse, mouth always narrowed dehiscent,
bark even, at length riniose adpresso-squamose, sterile stratum
obsolete contiguous with the capillitium, sporidia olive. BalscJi,
Cont. 2./ 228. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. ^^.-—Lyc. furfuraceum,

Schceff. i. 294 L. cepcBforme, Bull. t. 435. /. 2. L. Bovista,

Bolt. t. 117. f. c — L. glohosum album cortice prirnario in Stellas
clegantissimas abeunte, Mich. t. Q>7 . f. 3. — Lye. Proteus, var. 2.
cnion-shaped. With. v. 4. p. 349 {in part).

In pastures.

4. L. gemmdtum, Batsch, {studded Puff ball) ; peridium mem-
branaceous persistent narrowed at the base, covered with the
mealy adnate bark and subspinulose warts, flocci persistent,
forming in the centre a columella, sporidia yellowish-green.

Batsch. El. p. 147. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 36 Z. Bovista,

Bolt. exc. a, ^'c. — u. excipuliforme ; peridium subrotund, warts
scattered subspinulose, stem elongated somewhat plicate at the
base. Pers. Syn. p. 143. — Lye. Proteus, Sow. t. 332. right
hand Jig. — Lijc. excipuli chymici formd, Vaill. Bot. Par. t. 12.

f. 15. — /3. perlatum ; peridium rounded depressed, warts deci-
duous compact with a firm mucro, stem round somewhat sca-
brous. Kl. I Fung. Germ. exs. n. b^.—Lyc. perlatum, Pers.

Syn. p. 148. Moug. c^- Nest. / n. 579 L. hirtum, Bull. t. 340.

475./! B — E. {old. L. lacunosum, Bull. t. 52). — y. echinatum ;
peridium turbinate substipitate, rough with stout spinous rather
distant warts. Pers. Syn. jy. 147. — L. candidum, Ic. 4' Desc.
t. 13. /! 4 — b. hirtum ; turbinate subsessile hairy with thin
soft at length generally blackish warts. 3Iart. Erl. p. 386.
Ijyc. umbr'mum, a. ^' (3. quercinum, Pers. Syn. p. 147, l48. — «.

furfnraceum ; turbinate seldom spinulose furfuraceous with
more or less dust-like warts. Lye. moUe, Pers. Syn. p. 150.
Chcv. Par. 1. t. 10./. 2. — g. papillalum ; subrotund sessile
papillary furfuraceo-pulverulent. Schwff. t. 184. Lye. Pro-
tens . var. 2. With, {in part).

Fii-'lds, &c. Extremely common. — All the above mentioned forms
occur more or less frequently. Mouth prominent, umbonate from the
conical columella. 1 find it impossible to determine all the varieties of
VVitliering's Lye. Proteus, as his references are often contradictory.

5. T^ye. pyriformcj Schodf^. (pear-shaped Puffball); peridium

Scleroderma.] FUNGI. 305

membranaceous persistent subpyriform opening by the umbo-
nate apex, covered with the innate bark and very slender fuga-
cious scales, columella conic, sporidia greenish-yellow. Schceff.
t. 189. Bull, t, 32. Grev. FL Ed. p. 457. Sc. Crypt. Fl.
t. 304. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. 3. p. 38. — Lye. Proteus, pear-shaped
var. With. v. 4. p. 349. Purt. 3. p. 478. — Lye. ovoideum^
Bull. t. 435./ 3.

On rotten stumps, in woods, &c., and in sandy plains. Common. —
Generally much tufted.

76. TCLosTOMA. Pers. Tulostoma.

Peridhim papyraceous, with a deciduous bark, distinct from
the stem. Capillitium unequal. — Name, ruXo^i a wart, and
(STOij.a, the inouth.

1. T. mammosum, Fr. {mamillary Ttdostoma); stem equal
subsquamose, moutii prominent mamillary entire. Fr. Syst.

Myc. V. 3. p. 42 Tid. brumale, Pers. Syn.p. 139. Dec. FL Fr.

2. p. 269. Moug. &; Nest, f n. 387. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 340.—
Lye. mammosumy S)-c. Mich. p. 2\*7. ;^ 10. — L. pedunculatum,
Linn. Suec. n. 1276. Bull. t. 294, 471./. 2. With, v, 4. p.
347. Sow. t. 406.

Old walls and sandy pastures. Common about London It varies

with a smooth and nearly solid stem, or subsquamose with a central
pith. A vertical section of the plant shows a groove round the top
of the stem, exactly as in Geasfer Brynntii {■a. character scarcely
sufficiently indicated in the figures of Greville and Sowerby and more
strongly marked in Tul. Jimbriatum) and a cavity towards the top of
the peridium, in consequence of the flocci being shorter above. The
stem is nearly of the same texture as that o( Battarrea phalloidcs, and
though the volva is so very imperfect even in the most highly developed
species, I cannot but think there is a strong affinity. Sporidia bright
ferruginous.

77. ScLERODEii:srA. Pers. Scleroderma.

Peridiitm hard, clothed with an innate bark, bursting irregu-
larly. Heaps of sporidia minute, not contained in proper ^)cn-
diola. — Name, OK}.r,^o;, hard, and hoiMa, the shin.

1. S. vuhfdre, Fr. {common Scleroderma); subsessile irre-
gular, peridium corky liard bursting indefinitely filled with
blue-black pulp, sporidia at length brown. Fr. Syst. Jfyc, v.
3. p. 46. — S. citrinnm, Pers..' Syti. p. 153. — Lye. cervimtm,

Bolt. t. 116.—/:. anrantiacum, Bull. t. 270. Sow. t. 268 /..

majus (jlohosum srjuamostini, ]'(iill. Par. t. 16./ 8. — b. Smaller,
kidney-shaped, of a more or loss deep bright-brown. Vuill. I.e.

f. 5, 6. — Tuber solidum, With. v. 4. j). 342 Scleroderma Ctpa,

Pers. Syn. p. 155. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 66. — l^yc. ■^ cer»
vinunty Purt. v. 3. 71. 1513.

On the ground in gardens, woods, c*v:c. — Not uncommon, especially the

X

306 FUNGI. [ElapJiomyces.

variety h. The larger form is generally of a yellowish hue, with the
surface w arty, or covered with squarrose scales : the smaller quite sessile,
minutely warty and of a bright-brown. Though the extremes are very
different, there appear to be all intermediate states. The sjwridia are
collected into little heaps separated by a few greyish j?occi, but not
contained in dhimci peridiola as in the following genus.

2. S. Bovista, Fr. {Bovista-like Scleroderma) ; snbsessile
irregular, peridiiim thin soft bursting- irregularly, bark sub-
deciduous, flocci yellow, sporidia olivaceous dingy-brown. Fr.
Syst. Myc. V. 3. p. 48 — Lye. defossum, Batsch, Cont. 2.f. 229. —
Ijycoperdastrum cmtiimnale Jlavescens, &)C, Mich. t. 99.^1 2. — b.
cepceforme ; smaller.

In open and, especially, sandy plains. — b. Scotland. Klotzsch, in
Hook. Herb. — There appears to me some difficulty about this species,
as the Lye. aurantiaeum. Sow., now before me, though scaly and fur-
nished with a thick rigid peridiuyn, has abundant yeWowJioeci, and, as
far as I can judge from very old specimens, subolivaceous sporidia.
Klotzsch's specimens exactly resemble the smaller form of the foregoing
species, except in the colour of the sporidia and flocci.

3. S. verrueoswn, Bull, (luarty Scleroderma) ; substipitate,
peridium rounded subverrucose thin and brittle above, pulp
black-purple, flocci and sporidia brown. Pers. Syn. p. 154.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 48. Fl. Ed. p. Ahl , Fr. Syst. Myc.
v. 3. p. 49. — L. verrucosum, Bull. t. 24. With. v. 4. p. 348.
— Z. defossum, Sow. t.QU. With. v. 4. p. 350. Purt. v. 2 4- 3.
n. 1071.^. 19./. 2.

Woods and hedgebanks on a loose soil. Common. — Stem thick,
lacunose,

78. PoLYsAccuM. Desportes. Polysaccum.

Common peridium naked, cellular within. Heaps of sporidia
surrounded by generally amorphous peridiola. — Name, 'TroAvg,
9ncmy, and (fc/y.y(c;, a sack.

1. P. olivdceu?n, Fr. {olive Polysaccum') ; peridium subrotund
olive as well as the minute regular peridiola ; stem attenuated
downwards prsemorse nearly rootless. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc, v. 3.
p. 54. — Lye. capsuliferumy Sow. t. 424.

On the ground. Highgate Hill. Mr. Jackson.— Ov\y one specimen
appears to have been met with, and this I cannot find in Sowerby's
Herbarium, and am therefore unable to add any thing to the account
^iven by Fries.

79. Elapkomyces. Necs. Elaphomyces.

Peridium furnished with a warty bark, not bursting spon-
taneously, divided Avithin by intersecting veins into little
chambers. — Name, O.a^po^y a stag, and (roy^r^;, 2i fungus.

1. E. granuldtus. Alb. & Schw. {grayudated Elaphomyces) ;
. rounded unequal papilloso-verrucose, sporidia black. Fr. Syst.

Xycogala.] FUNGI. 307

Myc. V. 3. p. 58 — Lijc. cervinum^ Linn. Sp. VI, 2. p. 1053 -

Scler. cervinam, Pers. Syn. p. 156. Moxtg. 4- Nest, ! n, 282.

Tuber cervinum^ Nies,f, 147.

^In dry heathy ground. Probably not uncommon. Thornhau^h,
Is^orths. Rev. M. J. i?e;-^e%.— Several localities are given l)y
Withering under Tuber cerviuum, but it is uncertain to which of the
two species they respectively apply. Sowerby's figure, t. 2G9, seems
to represent the following, but I have seen no specimens. The surface
in my fungus is at first entirely concealed, by the expansion of the
fibrous radicles of the plants amongst the roots of which it is produced.

2. E. muricdtus, Fr. (sharp-ivnrted Elaphomyces) ; globose
rough with more or less four-sided crowded warts, sporidia at
length black. Fr. ^yst. Myc, v. 3. p, bd.-^Lyc. Tuber, Linn:
Suec. 1281.

" In mountainous woods, attached to the radicles of beech-trees."
Aviemore. Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb Very hard when dry. Differ-
ing from the last in its more muricated surface, less deep black sporidia,
and, according to Fries, punctiform cells and not unpleasant odour.
It^is curious that hitherto Sphceria capitata has been found only on the
former of the two species, and *S'. opliiofjlossoides on the latter.

80. Cenococcum. Fr, Cenococcum.

Peridium naked, thick, of a hard corky substance not burst-
ing spontaneously. Flocci none — Name, xsj'o;, empty, and
y.07iy.o:-i a berry,

1. C, geopldlum, Fr. {common Cenococcum'); black as well

as the sporidia. Fr. Sysl.Myc, v. 3. p. 66 L?/c. gra9iifonne,

Sow. ! t. 270.

On the ground in Moods. Hampstead. 3Ir. Hunt Fries also

informs us that he has received specimens from England on the crust of
Lecidea tdifjinosa. Scattered like small shot upon the ground without
any root.

** Myxogastres. (y.^^J''^, mucus, and yc/.67r,o^ the bcUy.) At
first very soft and inucilaginous.*

81. Lycogala. 3HcJi. Lycogala.

Peridium determinate, composed of a double membrane,
somewhat warty, persistent, bursting at tlie apex. Flocci very
delicate. — Name, >-'j-/.o;, a tvolf, and yr/.y.a, 7ni1/i,

1. L. Fpidendruyn, L. (scarlet Lycogala) ; subglobose blood-
red then brownish-grey punctato-scabrous, mouth irregular,
sporidia becoming pale. /V. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p, 80. — Lycog.
mijiiata, Ptrs. Syn. jt' 158. Moug, S)- Nest.! n, 85. Grtv. Fl.

* St. me Nppcirs, in tlicir infant stntr, njtppar under tlie form of rreepinir,
lUidiilatL'd, HntistiMiiosiiif,' threads, and, in i-onse«juenre, have hctii dcsrrilted as
true JtJyvicnumi/cttcs, as, fur exaujjde, the species ut I'/iUiumvrp/iu lii J'cn. Myc.
£ur.

308 FUNGI. [Reticularia.

Ed. p. 482. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 38. — Lycop. Epidendrum^ Linn.
Suec. n. 1279. Bidl. t. 503. With. v. 4. p. 352. Bolt. ;. 1 1 9.
/ 1. Sow. t. 52, 400./. 2, 3. Purt. v. 2. i> 3. n. 1072,-^Mucoi'
fragiformis, Schceff. t. 193.

On rotten stumps, pales, &c. Spring — Autumn. Common. — Varying
much in colour and size, and the hue of the sporidia. The surface is
rough with dot-like scurfy warts, and changes colour sooner than the
pulpy mass within, which is often of the finest scarlet, and oozes out
in large drops if the peridium is injured. Lycogala fidiginosa, Johnst. !
Fl. Berw. 2. p. 189, agrees in colour with Lye. plambeum, Fr., but it
appears not to be furnished with a regular mouth, and is probably only
a form of the present species.

82. Reticularia. Bull. Reticularia.

Peridium indeterminate, simple, naked, fngacious. Flocci
branched and shrubby, reticulated. — Name, reticulum, a little
net.

1. R. maxima, Fr. {large Reticularia) ; hypothallus effused,
peridium very thin tuberculate white then purple-black, flocci
adnate at the base fasciculate, sporidia black-purple. Er. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 85. — Lycop. ecJmiiforinis, Soiv. t. 400./ 1.

•On trunks of felled trees near the ground. Kensington Gardens.
'iSowerby. — I am not sure whether the plant of Sowerby before me is
the same with that of Fries, as the specimens are not perfect, but I
Judge from the colour of the sporidia, effused hypothallus, and tuber-
culate surface. Sowerby found it in great abundance, and a quantity of
the sporidia subjected to considerable heat by Dr. Wollaston formed
a phosphoric glass.

2. R. dtra, A. & S. (black Reticularia) ; subpulvinate, perl-
iiium very thin subreticulate, flocci arising from the base divari-
cated dendroid black as well as the mature sporidia. Alb. 4^
.Schw. t, 3. /. 3. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 86.— Li/cop. fidigi-

Viostim, Soio. t. 257.

On the wood and bark of recently fallen pines. Kirriemuir. Klotzsch,
in Hook. Herb. On floating deals in the Thames, frequent, Sowerby.

3. R. umbrina, Fr. {umber Reticularia) ; subpulvinate, peri-
dium very thin nearly even silvery then umber, flocci springing
from the base erect branched umber as well as the sporidia.
Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. p. 87. Fl. Dan. t. 1976./. 2 — Ret, Lyco-
■perdon, Bull. t. 446. / 4, 476. / 1—3. Sow. t. 272. With.
"17. 4. p. 353. — Lycogala argentea, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 453. — Sc.

Crypt. Fl. t. 106 Mucor lycogalus, Bolt. t. 133./. ^.Strongy-

liwn fuliginoides, Ditm. i?i St. Deutsch. Fl, t. 38.

On stumps, rails, hollow trees, &c. Not uncommon — When grow-
ing on an horizontal surface, sometimes several inches broad ; peridium,
before bursting, of a beautiful silvery umber, passing beneath the mass
of s/?onc?m, and in favourable circumstances entirely separable fj-om the
matrix. From the base, spring the compressed, branched, reticulated

Spumaria.]

FUNGI. 309

fiocci, which are umber, like the sporidia, but shine with a golden or
bronze-like lustre. They probably vary in form, as in the foregoing
species, but I doubt whether Dr. Greville has observed the ixvejiocci,.
as his figure recedes so much from the common structure of the species.
It should be observed, however, that Fries himself suspected that there
are two species with more or less evolved flocci, the one being the hori-
zontal state, Bull. t. 4GG./ 4, and the other that figured at t. 476, 1 — 3,
which is thephmtof Sowerby and Greville. I have not a specimen by
me for examination. Bnlliard's last mentioned figure, however, repre-
sents the flocci as erect and springing from the base. If Ditmar's
figure be correct, tiie sporidia are sometimes arranged in transverse rows
upon the flocci. I have seen, but indistinctly, the same kind of arrangement
in R. atra. It may not be superfluous to notice that the best way of
observing the flocci in this and other plants of the present tribe, is
gently blowing away the sporidia until the flocci alone remain, as in
the more minute species their colour is seen with difficulty if any of the
sporidia are left.

4. i?. olivdcea, Fr. (olive Relicularia) ; peridium membrana-
ceous subplicate hyaline, flocci adnate dendroid reticulated,
sporidia green-olive. Fr. Si/st. 3Iijc. v. 3. p. 89.

On fallen trunks of fir-trees. Appin. Captain Carmic7iael.— ln
the Appin specimens the surface is rather nodulose or tuberculate than
plicate. Peridiinn hyaline, but appearing olivaceous from the shining
through of the sporidia which are of a beautiful green olive.

83. ^TiiALiUM. Link, -^thalium.

Peridium indeterminate, falling away, covered with a floccose
bark, within divided by flocci into cells. — Name, a/t)a/.>;, soot.

1. ^iC. septicam, L. {common ^thaliimi). — Fr. Syst. Myc.
r. 3. p. 93 .—a. yellow, ^.faviim, Grev. Sc. Criipt. Ft. t. 272. —
Bcticvlaria /tortensis, Bull. t. 424. Sow. t. 399. /. 1. With.
V. 4. p. 355. Purt. v. 2. /;. 703.-7?. lutea, Bull. t. 380./. 1.
Sow. I. c.f. 2. Purt. V. 3. ;7. 275. — R. carnosa, cerea, Soiv. I. c.
j\ 3, 4. — B. septica, Purt. I. c. p.703.—B.ovaia, With. r.4./^.355.
— Mucor ovatns, Schdff. t. 192. — M. sepiicus, Linn. Sp. PI. 2.
p. 165G. Bolt. t. 134.'— d. violet. — FuUrjo violacca, I^ers. Syn,
p. 160. Ic. Pict. t. \.p. I.

a. On tan in hot-houses, but also on mosses in woods. Common.
Very injurious in iiot-houscs from the rapidity of its growth and its
abundant sporidia which smoliicr the j)lants. — d. Clifton, Notts, lite.
j\I. J. Bcrluhy. A reddish-brown form has also been found near
Glasgow.

84. SrrMARiA. Pcrs. Spumaria.
Peridium indeterminate, falling away, simple, divided within
into cells by distinct, regular ascending folds. — Name, spuina,
foam.

1. S. alba, Bull, (common Spumaria). — Fr. Syst. Myr. v. 3.
p. 95. — Bet. alba, Bull. t. 320 a. laminosa ; folds sessile pass-
ing into membranaceous confluent white torn laniinio. AY. !

310 FUNGI. {Diderma,

Fung. Germ. 7i. 59 Sp. 3Iiicilago, Nees, / 94. Grev. Sc. Crypt.

FL t. 267. /3. cornuta ; folds stipitate branched, branches cor-

niculate forming firm closed blueish peridiola, bursting at the
apices. Sp. 3Iucilaqo, Pers. Syti. p. 163. — S. alba, FL Dan.
t. 1978./. I.— Ret. alba, Sow. ! t. 280. Purt. v. 2. 4- 3. w. 1076.
On stems of grass, &c,, generally some inches above the soil. Com-
mon The var. iS. is most frequent ; and is probably merely a more

perfectly developed form. The plant at first appears like a thick white
froth and might easily be supposed of animal origin.

85. DiD^RMA. Pers. Diderma.

Peridium double ; outer crust- like smooth distinct ; inner
very delicate. — Name, hg, double, and h^fia, the skin,

* Stipitate, stem distinct,

1. D. floriforme. Bull, {fower-shaped Diderma) ; dirty yel-
lowish-white, stem slender, peridium spherical splitting in a
stellate manner, the lobes reflexed, columella obconic, sporidia
black-brown. Pers. Syn. p. 164. Fr. Syst.Myc. v. 3. p. 99.—
SphcBrocarpus floriformis, Bull. t. 371. — Leangium floriforme,
Grev. FL Ed. p. 455.

On decaying trunks of trees, mosses, &c. Autumn. Swanston
wood, near Edinburgh. Br. Greville.— Stems springing from a com-
mon, thickish membrane.

2. D. imibilicdtum, Pers. (umbilicated Diderma) ; dirty- white,
stem very short blunt, peridium subrotund umbilicated beneath,
splitting into at length patent lacinise, columella somewhat
rufous, sporidia purple-black. Pers. Sy7i. p. 165. FL Dan.
t. 1972./. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 99.

On bark of trees and mosses. Appin. Captain Carmichael — The
columella is very large white within, resembling strongly the nucleus of
Ncematelia encephala.

3. D. citrimun, Schum. (lemon-coloured Diderma) ; lemon-
coloured, stem firm even, peridium hemispherical squamulose
dehiscent, columella spurious, sporidia black-brown. Fr. Syst.
Myc.v. 3. p. 100. — F/iysarum citrinum, Schum. ScelL 2. p. 201.
FL Dan. t. 1912. f. 1. (Jide Fr.)

On leaves of Sphagnum obtiisifolium. Inverary. JRev. C. Smith.
— Of this I have seen but a few specimens and those only in a dry state.
They grow in a scattered manner, each plant adhering by a separate
membranous base, stem shortish, thickest below, when dry tawny-yel-
low. Peridium brownish, splitting irregularly in a stellate manner,
covered, under the lens, with minute roundish white scattered scales.
These differences arise perhaps merely from the plant not being fresh.
I have unfortunately not been able to see the figure referred to above.
Fries gives as the place of growth, the leaves of mosses of the genus
Mnium.

** Stipitate, stem spurious somewhat confluent,

4. D. vernicosum, Pers. (varnished Diderma^ ; peridia obo-

Diderma.] FUNGI. 311

vate, outer thick shining bay, inner yellow, stems capillary short
lax, sporidia blackish. Pers. ! Obs. 1. t 3./ 7. Hook. icot. 2.
J). 12. Fr. Si/st. Mrjc. v. S.p. 102. — Leocarpiis vernicosus, Greu. !
Fl. Ed, p. 453. Sc. Crypt FL f. 1 11. — Lij cop. fragile^ Dicks-
1. t. 3./ 5. Witk. V. 4. p. 353. Sow. t. 136. Purt. v. 3.
p. 273,

On grass, twigs, mosses, Szc. Not uncommon.

5. 7). spumari aides, Fr. (Spumariadike Diderma); effused
criist-like, peridia subrotiind irregular, outer white, inner glau-
cous, often forming by confluence a cellular mass, columella
spurious white as well as the flocci, sporidia black. FL Dan,
t. 1978./. 2. Fr. Syst, Myc, v. S, p. 104.

Oil leaves, moss, &c. Botanic Garden, Oxford. 3Ir. Baxter. — The
specimen before mc has obovate-oblong distinct peridia, stems arising
from the kypoihallas, a cylindrical central white columella and Jiocci of
the same colour mixed with the sporidia. In form it exact!} resembles
D. ohlongnm, to which it was referred by Klotzsch, but Persooii
expressly says that that species has no columella, and I can find nothing
in the account of that species given by Fries which agrees with the
above description of the contents of the peridium, wliich, on the other
hand, exactly tallies with his description of Z>. spumarioides. The
stem is entirely formed from the hypothallus and in the specimen before
me is iiyaline. It resembles in many respects Diuckaa tlerjanSy which
does not appear hitherto to have occurred in this country.

*** Sessile.

6. D. Trevelydni, Fr. (J/r. Trevelyan s Diderma) ; sessile
Qvato-globose, outer peridium splitting into many linear refloxed
lacinia:, inner obsolete, columella minute, sporidia black. Fr.
Stjst. Myc. V, 3. p, 105. — Lcaiujium ? Trevelyaniy Grev, Sc.
Crypt. FL t. 132.

On Bryu)ii lirjulatum. Northumberland. W. C. Trevelt/an, Esq.
About Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. — In specimens connnunicatcd to
Mr. Sowerby by Mr. Trevelyan, there is a very sliort but distinct:
cylindrical stem; the peridium at first ajipears under the lens like a
coriander seed, pale-brown with pallid stiiir which indicate the points
at which it will split, and perfectly smooth. U ithin this is a distinct
white inner peridium, lining it very closely and [)rt)l)ably in general
breaking otlwith it. llocci greyish. 1 can lind no trace of a colnmclh,
and in old plants when the Hocci and sporidia are completely gone, the
bottom of the peridiunj within is perfectly even.

7. D.Carjnichacliiimtm, Wink. (Capt. Carmic^aeFs Diderma) ;
perfectly sessile, outer peridium brick-red splitting into many
revolute rays, inner white intimately connected with the outer,
columella large, sporidia black-brown.

On moss. Appin. dipt. Carmickacl Perfectly distinct from tiic

foregoing species. The colnnulla resembles that of 7^. umhilicntum.

8. D. nitcns^ Kl. (skining Diderma) ; applanato-sessilo round
Iremisplaricalcttjspitose, outer peridium crust-liko silvery white

312 FUNGI. [Didymium,

brittle, inner very tliin hyaline ; columella none, sporidia black-
brown. Klotzsch! in Hook. Herb.
On bark, Appin. Capt. Carmichael.

9. D. glohosum, Pers. {globose tvhite Diderma) ; sessile glo-
boso-hemispheric, outer peridium white, inner^cinereous, colu-
mella globose, sporidia dingy-brown black. Pers. Disp. t. 4.
f. 4, 5. Ditm. in St. Deutsch. Fl. l.t.6. Hook. Scot. 2. p. 12.

Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 453. Sc, Crypt. Fl. t. 122. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 3. p. 106.

On oak and beech leaves, &c. Common.

10. D. cyanescens, Fr. {amorphous Diderma) ; sessile-adnate,
subrotund but irregular, outer peridium thick white, inner
glaucous, columella none, flocci and sporidia black-brown. Fr,
Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. p. 109 D. difforme, Alb. ^^ Schw. Consp. p. 90.

On dead oak leaves. Appin. Capt. Carmichad. — Fries gives as
the habitat, living leaves of Oxcdis. The specimens before me have a
crustaceous, white, outer peridium, like the shell of some small egg;
inner peridium in the dry state brownish, except at the base where it is
adnate and rufous.

11. D.deplandtum, Vv. (depressed Diderma) ; sessile rounded,
outer peridium thick white, inner very thin hyaline, columella
and flocci none, sporidia black-brown. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3,
p. 110.

On dead oak leaves. Appin. Captain Carmichael— V^hen the
sporidia have fallen out, the base within is of a somewhat tawny tinge.
i find a (ewjlocci. The Appin specimens form reticulated masses.

86. Didymium. Schrad. Didymium.

Inner peridium very delicate, membranaceous, bursting irre-
gularly, externally clothed with the bark-like outer peridium,
which breaks up into little furfuraceous scales or mealy down.
— Name, didviJ^og, double.

* Stipitate, stem distinct.

1. D. hemisphtericum, Bull, {liemispherical Didymium) ; peri-
dium hemispherical depressed erect, clothed with a dirty- white
veil, beneath piano- umbilicate, stem short thick dirty- white,
columella obsolete, sporidia dingy-brown black. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 3. p. 1 15. — Ret hemisphcerica, Bull. t. 446./. 1. Sow. ! 1. 12,
{marked 13.) With. v. 4. p. 353.

On leaves, twigs, &c. Hampstead, Hornsey, Wanstead, &c. Sowerbij.
—Fries criticises Sowerby's figure ; but, as it appears to me, without.
1-eason, the original specimens being such as they are represented.
The curious, flat, subhemispherical peridia, with a broad shallow
umbilicus beneath, and the short, dirty-white stem are sufficient proof
that it is the true plant.

2. Z>. squamulosum, A. & S. (squamulose Didymium) ; perl-

Bidymium,-] FUNGI. 313

dium globoso-depressed furnished beneath with a cinereous
umbilicus, stem very short even white, columella white, sporidia
brown-black. Fr. Syst. Myc, v, 3, p. 118. — Didcrma squamulo-
sum, Alb. c3' Schw. Consp. t. 4./. 5. — Diderma glohosum, Part, !

MSS.

On leaves, twigs, &c. Not uncommon.

8. D.fnrindceumi Schrad. {ineahj Didymiuni) ; peridium sub-
rotund very delicate at length black, clothed with cinereous
flocculose meal, stem short brown-black as well as the sporidia.
Schrad. nov. gen. t. 5.f. 6. JFr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. jj. 119. — Phys.
Jarinaceunii Pers. Syn. p. 174. — Triclda sphceiocephala, Sow.!
L 240.

On leaves, moss, bark, &c. Not uncommon.

4. D. nigripes, Lk. (hlack- stemmed Didymiiim) ; peridium
globose grey from the delicate meal with Avhich it is clothed,
stem elongated rigid even black, columella obsolete, flocci and
sporidia dingy-brown. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 119. — Physarwn
nigripes, Link, in Berl. Mag. 3. p. 27. Ditm. in St. Deutscli.
Fl. t. 42. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 454.'—Trichia alba, Pint. v. 2 S^- 3.
71. 1113.

On rotten wood. Not rare. — Remarkable for its dark, stiff, hair-
like stem.

5. D. pertusum, Berk, (^pierced Didymmm') ; scattered, peri-
dium white mealy depresso-globose deeply but narrowly unibi-
licated,stem attenuated upwards rufous, columella central white,
flocci brownish, sporidia brown-black.

On the decorticated stem of some large herbaceous plant, Appin.
Captain Carmichacl. — This approaches very near to 1). xant/iu///es,
but the cohnnclla is not truly stipitate, but only apparently so from the
great depth of the umbilicus.

G. D. hucupus, Lk. (tvhite- stemmed Didyminm) ; head glo-
boso-depressed pale glaucous, stem very short thick pale at
length brownish. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. />. 121. — Phys. Itucopas,
Link, I. c. Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 454.

On dead bcccii wood. Autumn. Foxliall, near Edinburgh. Cajit.
Wmah. — " Very minute, of an uncommonly .slit!" and dwarf as[)ecr.
Filaments very few. Differs from Link's Ph. Iciicopus only in having
a coloured stem." Grcv. I. c. Dr. Grevillc does not inform us
whether it has or has not a columella. I have given his speci-
fic character above, as, of course, more likely to enable any one to
recognise the plant lie luul in view, but as this differs somewhat from
that assumed bv Tries, it may be proper to subjoin it. " Minute, globose,
white, stem white slightly entering the peridium, flocci white."

7. D. Sowerbcii, Berk, (darh-grry Didymium) ; subfascicu-
late, peridium globose dark-grey und)ilicated benealii, stem
slender, columella white. Saw. t. 412. /'. 3.

On a decaying bulb in a parlour. London. <Sou'c/by.

314 FUNGI. [Physarum,

** Sessile.

8. D. lohdtam, Nees, {lobed Didymiuni) ; nearly sessile,
peridia subrotund or variable somewhat lobed black, clothed
^vith dirty-white scurf, columella depressed, flocci and sporidia
black-brown. Nees, f, 104. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. S. jJ. 123.

On moss close to the ground. Manchester. Mr. Hobson.

*** Adnate.

9. D. physaroides, Pers. (^Physarum-like Didymiuni) ; peridia
crowded subrotundo-irregular black clothed with dirty-white
meal, columella none, sporidia blackish conglobated. Fr. Syst.
lilyc. V. 3. p. 125. — Spumaria physaroides^ Pers. Syn. p. 163.

On rotten stumps, mosses, &c. Appin. Captain Carmichael.

10. D. ci7ierewn, Batsch, (cinereous Didymiwii) ; adnate,
peridia subg-lobosedirty-whiteclothedwithcfesio-cinereous scurf,
Hocci reticulated white, sporidia black. Fr. Syst. Iflyc. v. 3.
p. 125. — Lycop. cinereum, Batsch, Cont. \. f. 169. — Physaruni
cinereum, Pers. Syn. p. 170.

On bark and wood. Appin. Captain Carmichael. Dngleshara,
Kl. in Hook. Herb. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. —
Springing from white, gelatinous serpentine threads. Inner peridimn
very delicate, reflecting prismatic colours ; Jfocci flat, white, irregularly
reticulated.

11. Z>. Serpida, Fr. (seiyentlne Didymium) ; flattened, peri-
dlum elongated creeping vein-like flexuous and reticulated lead-
blue clothed with whitish meal, sporidia compact black. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 126.

On leaves. Appin. Captain Carmichael.

87. Physarum. Pers. Physarum.

Peridium simple, very delicate, membranaceous, bursting
irregularly, externally naked. Columella none. — Name, fjffa,
a bladder.

* Stipifate,

1. P. nutans, Pers. (7iodding Physarum') ; peridium lentiform
iimbilicate beneath even at length subsquamulose cernuous, stem
subulate at length brownish, flocci very delicate dirty-white^
sporidia dingy-brown black. Pers. Syn. p. 203. Grev. Fl. Ed.

p. 454 Sphcerocarpiis albus. Bull. t. 4:07. f. S, 470. f. 1. Pttrt,

V. 3. p. 490. (in part.) — /3. viride ; peridium green. Pers. Syn,
p. 172. Ditm. in St. Deutsch. Fl t. 24. Grcv. Fl. Ed. p. 454.—
SphcBrocarpus viridis. Bull. t. 407. /. 1. — y. aureum ; peridium
golden yellow. Pers. Disp. t. 1./. 6. Ditm. I. c. t, 23. Grev.
Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 124.

On stumps of trees, &c. a. and y. Common. — iS, Swanston wood, near
Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. — This species appears to me more properly a
Bidymium, there being certainly a mealy outer coat. The stem, when

Physamm:[ FU.N-GI. 315

dry, is longitudinally plicato-sulcate. I have gathered a form with a
verv striking JiijpotJiallus, and the peridia not umbilicate, but agreeing
in the \\h\tQ Jlocci and other distinguishing features. The y/occi are
described by Dr. Greville as dark; and they appear so if the sporidia
be not completely blown away.

2. P. bulbiforme, Schum. (hulb-shaped Ph/sarwn) ; peridium
lieinispherical umbilicate beneath erect black purple, stem
attenuated sulcate dirty-white, flocci and sporidia brown-black.
Fl. Dan. t. 1974. /. 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 131.— P. sul-
catum, Link, Berl Mag. v. 3. p. 27. Grev, FL Ed. ;;. 453.

On rotten wood. Swanston wood. Pentland hills, &c. Dr. Greville.

It appears doubtful whether the plants of Schumacher and Link are

really the same ; and if so, the same doubt would remain as to the
species of Dr. Greville. I, therefore, subjoin the character as given,
principally from Link, in the Fl. Ed. " Head globose, flattish beneath,
grey inclined; stem rather long, pale, weak sulcate; sporidia dark-brown."

3. P. ruhiginosimiy Chev. {rust-red Physarum) ; peridia glo-
boso-turhinate rust-red as well as the slender stem, flocci reti-
culated white, sporidia black. Chev. Par, l.p. 338. Fr. Syst.
Myc.v. 3.;?. 137.

On trunks of trees amongst moss. Appin. Captain Carmichael. —
The specimens before me agree in so many respects with Chevallier*s
description that I can scarcely doubt that they belong to his species. Li
the present instance, however, the stem penetrates the peridium, but,
from the close adherence of the coat, not in such a manner as to form
an evident umbilicus, nor distinct columella, and it is not paler than the
peridium, nor is the hypothallus paler. The upper portion of the peri-
dium is nearly white as if bleached.

4. P. hyaUmtm, Pers. (hyaline Physarum) ; peridia globose
inflated very delicate whitish, stems fasciculate flaccid ascending
rufous, flocci white, sporidia black. Pers. Disp. t. 2. /. 2, 3.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3.;;. 139.

On rotten wood. A[)pin. Captain Carmichael. — Trichia rnbi-
fonnis, Purt. t. 37, is possibly the same species.

** Adnate.

5. P. sinunsum. Bull, (hiialve Physarum); peridia com-
pressed elongato-flexuous venulose dirty greyish-white splitting
in a labiate manner, flocci white reticulated, sporidia black-
l)rown. 7'V. Syst. Myc. r. 3, p. 14.}. — J\\t. sinuosa, Pull. t. 44(j.

f. 3. Sow. t. ('). — An(/ioridiH)n si/iuosum, Grcv. Sc. Crypt. Fl.
t, 310.

On various substances. Not rare.— Dr. Greville has formed a new
genus for the reception of this species, but the filaments, which are
branciieil, and not sinii)lc, as r( presented in his figure, are precisely of
the same nature as in Didymiuin ci/urmm and other species ot this
and neighbouring genera.

G. P. album, Nees, ( Jlat white Physarum) ; peridia very
delicate subrolundo-depressed adnate even dirty-white, flocci

316 FUNGI. [Crateriim.

few delicate loose black as well as the sporidia. Fr, Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 147. — Licea alba, Nees in Kunz. Myc. Hef. 2.
p. 66. — Lycogala minuta, Grev. ! Sc. Crypt FL t. 40. Fl. Ed,
p. 453.

On various substances. Exceedingly common. — The sporidia are
globose or subelliptic, but I have not seen them so decidedly elliptic as
in Dr. Greville*s figure, even in authentic specimens. I have gathered
this species on the bulbs of Hyacinths, of a very decided blue when
moist. Probably P. ccesiuiti, Schum., is not distinct.

88. C RATER lUM. Treniepohl. Craterium.

Peridium simple, papyraceous, closed by a deciduous oper-
cidum. Columella none. — Name, '/c^cctt]^, a goblet.

1. C. pedimciddtinn, Trent, (common Craterium^; peridium
cupsbaped subcernuous chestnut, operculum firm chalk-Avhite,
stem elongated even orange-yellow, sporidia black. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 150. — Cr. vulgare, Ditm. in St. Deutsch. Fl. t. 9.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 456.

On mosses, sticks, leaves, &c. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville.

2. C. pyrif6r?ne, Ditm. (pear-shaped Craterium') ; peridium
pyriform nearly erect ochraceous as well as the even short stem ;
operculum firm chalk-white, sporidia black. Ditm. I. c. t. 10.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 150.

On bark. Appin. Capt. Carmichael.

3. C. minututn, Leers, (jninute Craterium) ; peridium pear-
shaped erect yellowish, operculum convex of the same colour,
stem short even reddish-brown, sporidia black. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 3. p. 151. — Cyathus minutus. Sow. t. 239. — Sphcerocarpus
turbinatus, Bull. t. 484./. 1.

On moss, leaves, &c. Common. — The operculum which is yellow
at first, at last becomes quite white.

4. C. leucocephalum, Hoffm. (ichite headed Craterium) ; peri-
dium turbinate erect bright brown, at length becoming pale,
operculum very thin evanescent, stem striate bay, flocci white,
sporidia black. Ditm. I. c. t. 11. Grev. ! Sc. -Crypt. FL t, 65.
Fl. Ed. p. 456. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 153. — Arcyria leucoce-
phala, Hoffm. Fl. Germ. Cr, t. 6./. 1. — Cyathus cinereus, Purt.
V. 3. 7?. 1561. t. 35.

On various substances. Not uncommon.

5. C. mutdbile, Fr. (variable Craterium) ; peridium subro-
tundo-turbinate torn erect, base and short stem striate and
golden yellow, flocci yellow, sporidia black. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 3. p. 154* — Phys, sulphureum, /3. atomum^ Klotzsch in Hook.
Herb.

On bark, moss, &c. Appin. Capt. Carmichael. — A very curious
species, distinguished by its scarcely having any true operculum, and by
its yellow flocci.

Dictydium.] FUNGI. 317

89. STEMO^'^TIs. Gled. Stemonitis.

Peridium. membranaceous, exceedingly fugacious. Capilli-
iium reticulated, growing on the penetrating stem. — Name,
HTYifiw, a stamen,

1. >S'. fiisca, Roth, (brown Stemonitis) ; fasciculate, hypo-
thallus persistent, peridia very fugacious cylindrical as well as
the capillitium, sporidia black-brown. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p.
157.— 'S.fasciciilaia, NeesJ. 118. Grev, FL Ed. p. 454. Sc.

Crypt. FL t. 170 Trickia nuda, With. v. 4. p. 364. Sow. t.

50. Part. 2 S)' 3. w. 1110 Clathrus nudus, Linn. Sp. PL

1649. BoU.t 93./. 1.

On rotten wood. Very common In the present genus the stem

absokitely penetrates the peridium, which, as far as I have seen, is not
tJie case in those Didymia, &c., which have an apparently stipitate
cokmiella, there being always a portion of the peridium closely attached
to the entering portion of the stem, and in consequence there is beneath
a more or less apparent umbilicus as the union between the stem and
peridium is less or more intimate. St. ferruginea^ figured by Bidl. f.
^11. f. 1, a very nearly allied species, is distinguished by its smaller
differently coloured sporidia. And there is jet another nearly allied
species, S. typhoides. Bull, with small sporidia to which Withering
refers his JV-. nuda, var. 2.

2. S. ovdta, Pers. (ovate Stemonitis) ; scattered, peridium
ovate very fugacious at length steel-blue, capillitium purplish,
sporidia brown, stem not reaching the apex. Pers. Syn. p.

189. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 160 Trichia alba, Sow. t. 259.

— Mucor Embolus, Linn. Suec. n. 1288.

On rotten wood, inside of wainscoting, &c. Not uncommon.

3. S. obtusdta^ Fr. (obtuse Sleinonitis') ; scattered, peridium
globose fugacious at length black, capillitium black-brown, stem
slightly penetrating. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. S. p. 160.

On \Nood. Apethorpc, Norths. Jicv. 3L J. Berkeley.— At first
white, then ruddy-brown.

4. S. papilldta, Pers. (papillary Stemonitis); peridium glo-
bose very fugacious at lengtli cinereous, apex papillary from the
excurrent stem, capillitium and sporidia black- brown. Pers.
Disp. t. \.f. 4. Syn. p. 188. Greu. FL Ed. p. 456. Fr. Syst.

Myc. V. 3. p. 610 Enerthencma elcganSy Bowm. Linn. Tr. v.

16.;;. 151. t. 16.

On rotten wood. Near Edinburgh. Captain Wauch. Erthlg
near Wrexham, Dcnb. j\Ir. Bowman. — Thcplantof thelattergcntleman,
of which 1 have unfortunately seen but imperfect prematurely dried
specimens, is, 1 believe, the true species of Pcrsoon. Fries, hoAvcvcr,
has instrtcd the genus Enerthencma as distinct in his Tnd. Alph., and
does not appear to suspect any afiinity with the Stemonitis before ua.

90. Dictydium. Schrad. Dictydium.
Peridium very delicate, persistent; capillitium innate, forming

318 FUNGI. {Arajria.

veinlike reticulations. — Name, di/trvo'J, a jiet, and sido;^ resem-
blance.

1. D. timbiUcdtum, Sclirad. {umhilicate Didydiuni) ; peridiiini
cernuous umbilicate above, veins parallel joined by others which
are transverse, sporidia brown-purple. Schrad. Nov, Gen. t. 4.
f. 1. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. 3. p. 165.—/). cernuum, Nees, /. 117.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 153. — Mucor cancellatus, Batsch, ConU
2. /. 232. — Trichia recutita, With, v. 4. p. 367 (excluding the
syn. of Linn?)

On rotten wood. Appin. Captain Carmichael. Edinburgh. Dr.
Greville. Bucks. Mr. Knapp. — One of the most elegant plants of
the present tribe, resembling a little balloon of network.

91. Cribraria. Schrad. Cribraria.

Pmtfmm membranaceous, the upper part falling off; capilli-
tlum innate, at length forming a network above. — Name, cri-
hrum, a sieve,

1. C. intermedia. Berk. (^Mr. Sowerhys Cribraria) ; peridiuni
globose yellow, excipulum entire, stem pellucid white tapering
upwards, sporidia yellow. — Sphcerocarpus semitrichioides, Sow,
t. 400./. 5.

On rotten wood. Kensington Gardens. — Intermediate between C.
vulgaris and C. aurantiaca.

92. Arcyria. Hill. Arcyria.

Peridium splitting all round at the base, the upper part very
fugacious. Capillitiwn dense, interwoven, elastic. — Name,
a^Kvc, a net.

1. A. jjunicea, Pers. (^splendid Arcyria); peridia crowded
stipitatesubovate,capillitium elongated, sporidia bright purplish-
vermilion. Pers. Syn. p. 185. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 455. Scot.
Crypt. Fl. t. 130. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 1 77. — Trichia cinna-
baris, Bull. t. 502. f. l.— T. denudata, With. v. 4. jj. 365. Sow.
t. 49. Purt. v.2S)'3.9U 1111. t. 24./. 2.^Clathrus denudatus,
Linn. Sp. PI. 1649. Bolt. t. 93./ 2.

On rotten stumps. Extremely common.

2. A. incarndta, Pers. (flesh-coloured Arcyria) ; peridia
crowded substipitate ovate, capillitium elongated effuse flesh-
coloured as well as the sporidia, Pers. Obs. 1. t. 5. / 4, 5.
Ditm. in St. Deutsch, Fl. t. 44. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 178.

On rotten wood. Not uncommon. — Smaller than the foregoing and
more shortly stipitate. In the former the peridium is venose, in the
present species veinless. The var. yS. jiexuosa appears to have been
found by Capt. Carmichael^ but the specimens so marked are quite
decayed.

3. A. cinerea, Bull, (cinereous Arcyria) ; gregarious, peridia
stipitate globoso-ovate cinereous, capillitium ovato-cylindric

Trichia.l FUNGI. 319

glaucous as well as the sporidia. Fl. Dan. t, 1975. /. 1. Fr.

Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 180. — Trichia clnerea, Bull. t. All. f. 3.

Clathrus recutitus, Liim.Suec. n. 1264.

On wood. Appin. Captain Carmichael.

4. A. nutansy Bull, {flaccid Arcyria) ; crowded peridia cylin-
drical, capillitium very long nodding dirty- yellow as well as
the sporidia. Fr. Sijst. Myc. v. 3. ;;. 180. — Trichia nutans,
Bull. t. 502. f. 3. JDiclis. 3. p. 23. With. v. 4. p. 366. Sou;.
t. 260. Furt. V. 2 ^ ^. n. 1116. t. 24. f. 1. Grev. Fl. Ed. p.
45. — Arcyria flava, Grev. Sc. Or. Fl. t. 309.

On rotten -wood. Not common. — Varying much in the degree of
brightness of the sporidia.

93. Trichia. Hall. Trichia.

Peridiwn simple, persistent, bursting irregularly. Capilli-
tium densely interwoven, elastic. — Name, ^^/J, a hair.

1. T. pyriformis, HofFm. {pear-shaped Trichia); suhfasci-
culate, peridia turbinate pyriform black-red, steins somewhat
elongated tawny, capillitium and sporidia safFron-tawny. Hoffm,
Cr. 2. t. I. f. 1. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 184.— T. Botiytis,
u. Pcrs. Sy7i. p. 176. Ic. Pict. t. 12. /. 1, 2.—SphcErocarpus

fragilis, Soio. t. 279. Part. v. 8. p. 310. t. 24. f. 3.

On rotten stumps. Not uncommon, especially in Scotland Peri-

dium generally of a beautiful red inclining to black; occasionally, how-
ever, there is but a very slight ruddy tinge. The peridia arc sometimes
scattered.

2. T. seroiiua, Schrad. (late Trichia) ; scattered, peridium
obovate bay even, capillitium and sporidia yellowish. Schrad.
Jour. Bat. 1799. 2. t. 3. /. 2. {fide Fr.) Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3.
p. 184.

On rotten wood. Appin. Capt. Carmichael. — 1 rely entirely on M.
Klotzsch for the correct determination of the present species, as 1 have
no op[)ortunity of inspecting the figures quoted by Fries. On the same
piece of wood is a single specimen o( 2'richia rubiformis, Pers. ; but
as it appears highly probable from its being [)!acecl in the Herbarium
with foreign specimens of tliat |)lant, that it has been attached by acci-
dent, I do not venture to record the species as British.

3. T.fdllax, Pers. {irrcr/ular Trichia); gregarious, peridiinu
turbinate at first vermilion then clay-coloured, below plaited
as well as the stem, capillitium and sporidia dusky ochre.
Pers. Syn. p. 177. 3fofiy. ^)- Nest. n. 578. Grev. FL Ed. p.
455. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 185. — T. decipiens, Pers. Obs. 1.
t. 3./. 4, 5. — Sphccrocarpus ficoidtSy Bull. t. 411. f. 3. — Trichia

fulra, Pint. V. 3. n. 1534.

On rotten wood. Not common. — Sowerbv's T. frafjdis, usually
quotetl here, from its bright red peridium when mature and highly
coloured sjtoridia, appears to me more probably a scattcreil form of
T. pyrifonnis. Tlie i)resent species when young is of a bcautit'ul ver-
milion red, which when ilricd prematurely it sometimes retains, though

3-20 FUNGI. ITnchia,

often assuming a black hue, as is the case with the specimens figured by
Bulliard.

4. T. clavdta, Pers. (club-shaped Trichia) ; gregarious, peri-
dium obovate yellow shining even, stem rugose nearly of the
same colour, capillitium and sporidia ochraceous. Pers. Syn.
p. 178. Moug. 4' Nest.! n. 284. Fr, SysL Myc, v. 3. p. 186.—

T, pyriformis,\ Sow. t, 400. /. 6. — Splimrocarpus pyriformis,
Purt. V. 3. n. 1564.

On rotten stumps. Not uncommon The lower part of the peri-

c?m?/i, which has a shining, transparent skinny appearance, remains when
the sporidium and capillitium have vanished ; and in this state it resem-
bles a Craterium. This and the three foregoing species have more or
less the habit o^ Arcyria, splitting, though irregularly, all round.

5. T. turhindta, With, {turbinate Tiichia) ; crowded, peridla
obovate sessile even tan-coloured, capillitium and sporidia
ochraceous. With. v. 4. p. 368. Soto. t. 85. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc,
V. 3. p. 187.— y. ovata, Pers. Syn. p. 180. Hook. Scot. 2. p.
12. Grev. Ft. Ed. p. 454!.— Clathrus turbinatus, Bolt. t. 94. f,
3. Huds. p. 632.

On rotten wood. Common " Early in the morning whitish and

resembling cream. At noon of the same day it becomes of a drier tex-
ture with an outward skin and is then yellow. The skin often begins
to separate and the seeds to ripen the same evening. If the sun shines
upon them they may happen to dry into a little horny substance." Sow.
I. c. The sporidia are not bright yellow, as in the following species.

6. T. chrysosperma, Dec. (yellotv-seeded Trichia) ; crowded,
peridia rounded nearly sessile yellow inclining to cinnamon-red,
sporidia and capillitium ochraceous golden-yellow. Fr. Syst.
Myc.v.S. p. 187.— r. ?iite?is, Pers. Syn. p. 180. Grev..' Sc.
Crypt. FL t. 281.— T.turbinata, Purt. ! 2 4' 3. w. 1 1 Id.^Sphcero^
carpus chrysospermuSy Pull. t. 4\l.f. 4.

On rotten wood. Common. — The colour of peridium varies in
this and the foregoing species; the principal dependance is to be placed
in the sporidia.

7. T. vdria, Pers. (variable Trichia) ; scattered, peridia
sessile subrotund or reniform at length yellow, capillitium and
sporidia ochraceous. Pers. Syn. p. 181. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3.
p. 188. — Mucor granulatus, Schceff. t. 296.

On decaying wood. Appin. Cajjt. Carmichael.

8. T. Serpula, Pers. (reticulated Trichia) ; peridia creeping
vein-like flexuous and reticulated yellow as well as the capilli-
tium and sporidia. Pers. Syn. p. 181. Fr. Si/st. 3Iyc. v. 3. p.
188.— r. reticulata, Pers. I. c. p. 182. Ic. ^ Desc. t. 12. /. 1.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 266. Fl Ed. p. 454.

On rotten branches, leaves, &c. Not uncommon. — The peridium is
of a more or less bright yellow, and sometimes even bay ; the sporidia
and Jlocci of a golden yellow, even more bright than in T. chryso-
sperma. There are specimens of this species in Dr. Hooker*s Herba-
rium, from St. Vincents.

Licea.] FUNGI. 321

94. Perich/Ena. Fr. PericLaena.

Peridmm persistent, splitting all round, rarely torn. Flocci
iQWy free, elastic. — Name ts^/, around^ and -/jj^r^u, to gape.

1. P. strohilina, Fr. (^Fir-cone PtrichcBna) ; crowded, peridia
rounded red-bro\vn more or less regularly splitting all round,
sporidia dirty yellow becoming pale. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t,
275. Fr. Sf/sf. 3If/n. v. 3. p. 190.— Licea strohilina, Alb. «^-
Schw. t. 6.f. 3. nii?n. in St. Deutsch. FL t. 20. Moug. 4- Nest.!
n. 579.

Between the scales of old cones of Pimis Abies. Appin. Captain
Carmichael. — Sporidia containing sporidiola. The circumstance does
not appear to liave been noticed, but if 1 mistake not, the present plant
is erumpent.

2. P. ahief.ina, Fr. (^Fir-iuood Perichoina') ; peridia obovato-
globose bay-black more or less regularly splitting all round,
flocci and sporidia yellow. Fr. Sgst. Myc. v. S.p. 191. — Tricfiia

fusco-atra, Sibth. Ox. n. 1 152. — Splicer oca rpus sessilis, Sow. t. 258.
On fir wood. Shotover plantations, Sihthorpe. Kensington gar-
dens, Soicerhfj. — The plant figured by Sowerby must be the present
species, probably confounded by him with the following, of which
abundant specimens exist in his herbarium. There is an evident hypo-
tliaUus \\\ the figure, which is one of the peculiar characters of the
species.

3. P. popidina, Fr. (^Poplar Perichaind) ; peridia globose de-
pressed yellow-brown splitting all round, flocci and sporidia
yellow. Grev. Sc. CryjH. Fl. t. 252. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p,
191. Desm. ! n.Q>7\ . — Spharocarpus sessilis, Pull. t. 417. f. 5.—
Trichia gyrtinosperma, Pers. Obs. \.t,G.f. 1, 2. — Licea circiaU'
scissa, Pers. Sy7i. ]). 196. Hook. Scot. 2. p. 13. Grev. Fl. Ed.
J). 451.

On fallen poplars. Common. Sometimes almost covering the tree.

95. Licea. Schrad. Licea.

Peridiwn subpersistent, bursting variously. Flocci none. —
Kame of uncertain derivation.

1. L. cyliiidrica, Fr. (^tubular Licea) ; equally effused, peridia
linear connate, sporidia eai-thy-fcnuginous. Fr. Syst. Myc. r.

3. p. 195. — Spha-rocarpus cylindricns, Bull. t. 470. f. 3 Re-

(icularia mullicapsula, Sow. t. 17 9 (^marked IG9.). — Trichia
meteorica, Soir. t. 435. — Tiihidimi cylindrica, Dec. Fl. Fr.2. p.
249. C7tcv. Par. 1. /;. 340.

On very rotten wood. Sowerby.

2. L. frayijurniis, Nees, (^Strawberry Licea); conglomerated,
peridia linear subi-onnate, sporidia umber. Nces, Si/st. f. 102.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 19G. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 308. Fl.

Y

S22 FUNGI. [Onygena.

Ed. p. 451. — SphcBrocarpus fragiformis, Dec, Fl. Fr. 2. p. 250.
Chev, Par. t. 9./ 23.

On very rotten wood, moss, &c., after much rain. Not uncommon.
'\Q"y beautiful just before maturity, and resembling a strawberry.

Tribe 4. Trichodermace.e. (^g/g, a hair, and Iz^iLa, a
sMii). — Peridium composed of loosely interivovenflocci, rarely mem-
hrajious, evanescent in the centre. Sporidia conglomerate. Tex-
turejioccose.

96. AsTERoPHORA. Ditm. Asteropliora.

Peridium capitate, floccose above, evanescent. Sporidia an-
gular.— Name, a6rr,o, a star, and fggw, to bear.

1. A. Agaricoides, Fr. (Agaric-shaped Asferophora) ; Lead
hemispherical furnished beneath with barren gills. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 205. — Ast. Lycoperdoides, Ditm. in St. Deutsch,
Fl. t.26 . — Agaricus Lycoperdonoides, Bull. 1. 166. 516. f. I. Pers.
Sy7i. p. 325.

On dry blackened Agarics of the Subgenus Galorrheus, as A. adus-
ius and A. pipcratus. Autumn. Occasionally in all parts of Great
Britain, but seldom abundant.— This curious plant so closely resembles
Agaricus parasiticus that it may easily be passed over as a state of it
corrupted by some parasite. The gills are however altogether spurious,
and the angular substellate sporidia under the microscope immediately
indicate the genus Asterophora. When young it has a light cottony
aspect, very different from the adpressed silkiness of the Agaric. The
latter I observe to spring from the inner substance of the matrix, the
former to be superficial, but 1 am not certain that this is constantly
the case.

2. A. Lycoperdoides, Fr. {gill-less Asterophora) ; head hemi-
spherical even beneath. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 206 — Agaricus
Lycoperdonoides, Sow. t. 279.

In the same situation as the last, llather more common.— I find the
stem frequently an inch long, as represented by Sowerby, and therefore
omit a part of^ Fries' specific character. The stem is sometimes quite
obsolete ; when present, silky, composed of fibres, white then greyish-
umber, solid, somewhat dilated upwards. Head hemispherical or some-
times globose ; peridium delicate, floccose, fugacious ; sporidia penta-
gonal or hexagonal, fawn-coloured.

97. Onygena. Pers. Onygena.

Peridium capitate, crustaceous, consisting of inter woven /?occ?,
evanescent. Sporidia rounded. Texture floccose. — Name,
oj/yj, a hoof, and yivoiiai, to spring from.

1. O. equina, Pers. {horse-hoof Onygena) ; head lenticular
furfuraceous dirty- white at length more or less regularly splitting
all round, stem abbreviated. Pers. Syn. p. 203. 31oug. ^
Nest, i n. 775. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 343. Fr. Syst. 3Jyc. v.

Mgerita.'\ FUNGI. 323

3. p. 207. — Lycop. equinum, With. v. 4. p. 347. Sow. t. 292.
— Lye. gossypinum, Bolt. t. 178. — Fungi parvi glohosi ex ungulo
eguino, &)e. Raii Syn. ed. S. p. 13. t. l.f. 3.

On the hoofs of horses, cows, sheep, &c., also on horns. Occa-
sionally. There is a specimen in Hook. Herb, from Dr. Richardson,
gathered in the Arctic Regions on the horn of a Buffalo.

The genus /;<5^?Ytt/e, Fr. which follows in the Syst. Myc. , founded on
two productions figured by Sowerby, must now be expunged, as the first,
I. acariforme, appears from authentic specimens to be Sphceria fragi-
formis, with an obscure Isariae-form parasite springing from its base,
resembling somewhat Isaria vmhrina, Pers., but as far as I can see in
the original specimens, as well as from others from Mr. Francis in Hook.
Herb., and some gathered by myself at Margate, it is altogether des-
titute of sporidia ; and the other, I. rudiatum, of which also I have ex-
amined authentic specimens, together with one communicated to Dr.
Hooker by Mr. Francis, has been proved by Desmazieres to be an
early stage of Agaricus radiatus.

98. Trichoderma. Pers. Trichoderma.

Peridium more or less rounded, foraned of loosely interwoven
branched Jloeci, soon obliterated in the centre. Sporidia dry,
collected together in the centre, and forming a sort of disc. —
IS^ame, ^^/g, a Aair, and cs^/x;e, ski?i.

1. T. viride, Pers. {cjreen Trichoderma); peridium villons
white, sporidia globose dusky green. Ptrs. Syn. p. 230. Grev.
PL Ed. p. 465. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t.21\. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3.
p. 215. — Pyrenium lignorum, a. Tode, Fung. 3Icck. f. 29. —
Mucor lignifragus, Bull. t. 504. /. 6. Soiv. ! t. 378./. 14.
Purt. V, 2 4'3. w. 1122.

On fallen trees, &c. Very common.

99. Myrothechium. Tode. Myrotbecium.
Peridium more or less rounded, floccose, evanescent in the
centre. Sporidia minute, at first rather gelatinous, forming a
sort of disc. — Name, /j.v^oj, to Jlow, and ^r^y.r^, a receptacle.

1. M. roridum, Tode, (spangled Jlyrothecium) ; disc turgid,
sporidia cylindric. Tode, Fung. Meek. f. 38. Fr. Syst. Myc.
V. 3. p. 217. — M. Carjuichaclii, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 140.

On rotting plants, dried Agarics, &c. Appin. Copt. Carmichael —
The specimens on dried Agarics, though agreeing at first sight with 3/.
inundaftnn, have cylindric not globose sporidia. This fact was noticed
by M. Klotzsch when inspecting Dr. Hooker's Hcrbariuni, and my own
observations are in accordance with his. This is one among many in-
stances of tlie necessity of always having recourse to the microscoj)C
for the correct determination of tlic more minute fungi. The mass of
sporidia in the present genus bears a remarkable analogy to that in the
genus r/iallus.

100. /EoERiTA. Pers. iEgerita.

Peridium spherical, very fugacious. Sporidia farinaceous,

324 FUNGI. [Lasiohctrjs,

loose, sprinkled over the surface of the grumous receptacle. —
Name, diysipoc, a. poplar.

1. yE. Candida^ Pers. (ivhite yEgerita) ; smooth, soon mealy.
Vers. Sijn.p. 684. Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 268./. I. Fr. SysU
Myc. V. 3. p. 220. — Sclerolium jEgerita^ Hoffm. Fl. Germ. 2. U
9./ 1.

On damp decaying wood. Not uncommon, according to Dr. GreviUe.
—Fries informs us that the present plant, when young, has a peridium,
and that he has consequently referred it to the present Tribe. ^. setosa,
Grev. appears to me to possess quite a different structure, and to belong
to the genus Psilonia.

Tribe 5. Perisporiace^. ('^rsfi, around, and tfTooo?, seed).
— Peridiu?n thin, submemhranaceous, bursting. Sporidia immersed
in pulp, free or included iji j^eridiola.

101. Racodium. Pers. Racodium.
Peridium suhcorneous, rigid, scarcely bursting spontaneously,
suhgelatiuQus witliin. Sporidia arranged more or less in a
moniliform manner. Thallus abundant, between cottony and
spongy. — Name, ^«3ioj, li7if.

1. R. celldre, Pers. (mouse-skin Byssus) ; thallus very thick
and abundant lax composed of septate flocci olive-black, peridia
globose seated upon the thallus and supported by simple flocci.
Pers. ! Syn. p. 701. Hook. Scot. 2. p. 34. Moug. ^' Nest. ! n.
790. Grev. I Fl. Ed. p. 470. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 259.^A?iten'
naria cellaris, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 229. — Byssus septica,
With. V. 4. p. 142. Purt. (var. 2.) 2. p. 607 — Fibrillaria
vinaria, Sow. t. 432. 387./. 3.

On casks, bottles, &c., in cellars, often hanging down a foot or more
from the roof, in almost every close cellar. — Persoon noticed the
appearance of granules upon the thallus and suspected that they were
the fructification. The name Antennaria, applied to this genus by
Fries, on account of the heterogeneous nature of Persoon's Racodium^
is not admissible, being preoccupied for a genus separated from Gna-
phalium. This, as far as 1 know, is the only British species, for what is
marked in the Appin collection by Klotzsch Antennaria pinophila is
certainly something else, having distinct globose moniliform flocci,
throughout very different from those of the true plant, in which they
are rather torulose than moniliform. I have gathered the same pro-
.duction in Scotland on the bark of fir-trees, not on the small branches,
?,nd believe it to be a species of Agardh's genus Chroolepus.

102. Lasiobotrys. Kunze. Lasiobotrys.
Peridium carnoso-corneous, collapsing at the top, filled with
a ffranuloso-gelatinous mass contained in a solitary peridiolum.
Sporidia globose, filled with sporidiola. Thallus consisting of
short simple radiating fibres.— Name, J.umg, shaggy, and /3or^y,-,
a hunch »

ErysipJie.-] ruNGi. 325

1. L. LonicercB^ Kunze, {Honey -suclile Lasiohotrys). Kimze,
Myc. Heft. 2. p, 88. Grev. Sc. Crypt, Fl. t. 191. Moug. \
JSest, ! 71. 860. Fi\ Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 2SS.—Dothidea Loni-
cerce, Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 2. p. 557. — Xylo7na Lonicerce, Ft. Obs.
1. t.A.f.7.

On various living species o^ Lonicera. Not uncommon in Scotland.
— Isle of Wight, Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. — Epiphyilous or cauline. — VVitli
or without a yellow spot, at first covered by the epidermis. I can per-
ceive no sjjorangium, but the whole fleshy mass is interspersed with
subglobose sporidia. There are frequently abortive peridia which may
easily be taken for sporangia. The structure, as described by Kunze,
wants confirmation, and it is desirable that it should be examined
in an advanced stage of growth on fading or fallen leaves.

103. Erysipiie. Hcdw.Jil^Dec, JNlildew. Erysiplie. i
Peridiwn^G^hy, opening- at the collapsini^ apex, subgelatinous
within. Sporidia included in one or more peridiola, often con-
tRmwgsporidiola. Thalhts floccose, effused, free.— Name, £ci;T/,S/j,
mildew. ^

* Thallus effused, without any tldcler supporting fiocci,
^ 1. E.pcinnosa, Schlecht. {Rose Mildeiv); flocci at length pul-
vinate M-hite, peridia sessile very minute globose witli a solitary
poridiolnm. Lh. in Willd. Sp. PI. v. 6. F. I. p. 104. Fr. Sysf.
Myc. V. 3. p. 236. — Eurotiu7n Rosarum, Grev.! Sc. Cryr)t.Fl.t.
164./ 2. Baxt ! Ox. n, 92. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 232.
_ On the leaves, &c., of various species of Rose. Common in some
situations. — Easily known by its shining clothy aspect, very different
from the general habit of the genus, there is, however, considerable
doubt as to whether it be a iiii^Erysiphe or an Eurotium ; Link and
especially Wallrolh describing it as an Erysiphe with a gelatinous,
white peridiolum, containing 6—8 small .sphieroid sporidia ; Greviile
ns an Eurotium, containing numerous, minute, globular sporidia, which
accords, as Fries remarks, with the dry plant, and which 1 find to be
the structure in authentic specimens. " The point can onlv be settled
by a very careful examination of fresh individuals in difterent stages of
growth, for \\hich at present I have no opportunit}-.

** Thallus effuse, jJeridia supported hyflocci.

a. peridiolum single.

2. E. 77iaciddris, Wallr. {Hop Mildetv) ; flocci effused uhite
Avoven together into snbdeterminate spots, fulcra crisped bent
upwards, peridiolum solitary. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 237.
Kl. ! Fung. Germ, exs. n. 63. — u. Humuli. Lk. I. c. p. 101.

On the leaves of hops and other rongh-leavcd plants. iMost abun-
dant on hops and often extremely injurious. — The upper side of the
leaf has a farinaceous appearance and is generally, but not always, barren.

b. peridiola many,

3, E. cojit/nunis, Schlecht. {co7n77wn Erisyplic) ; llocci effused

326 FUNGI. [ErysipJie,

arachnoid dirty-white at length forming spots, fulcra simple
acute deflexed, peridiola many. Lk. I. c. p. 105. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 3. p. 289.— 'E. Artemisia, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 459.— £".
Lathyri, Robinice, Pisi, Arctii, Aquilegii, Alchemillce, Asperi-
fQlioriim, Ranunculi, ejusd. I. c. p. 460, 461. — E. 9iitida, Baxt. !
Ox. n. 91. ^E. Pisi, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 134.

On various herbaceous plants. Extremely common. — A slightly dif-
ferent form occurs on almost every herbaceous plant, nor are the pecu-
liar forms confined to plants belonging to the same Natural Orders. It
seems to me quite superfluous to give a detailed account of all which
have hitherto occurred in this country. Fries appears to have very
judiciously reduced the various cognate species of authors to Ery-
sipke communis. Nothing can be more easy than the mere collec-
tion of individuals and classifying them according to the names of the
plants on which they are found ; but after the main groupes of the genus
have been determined, distinguished by marked diversity of structure,
each of which abounds in varieties differing slightly according to the
more or less succulent nature of the matrix, it is a matter of the utmost
difficulty, if not altogether hopeless, to refer those slightly different
forms to the species which may be proposed by authors, who consider
every form a species, except, as said above, the mere name of the plant
give the clue and be considered as decisive. Or indeed, where a higher
object is aimed at, and it is endeavoured to arrange the multudinous
varieties, under something deserving the name of a species, does there
appear to me much less uncertainty, when the changes which take place
at the several periods of growth are called to mind, and convinced as I am
that all such will be soon found fallible from the constant occurrence
of intermediate states. It maybe well to take the present opportunity
of making a remark upon the genera JEcidium, Uredo, and Puccinia,
as they labour under the same inconvenience of ill defined species.
Though much study has been devoted by various persons to the subject,
nothing comparatively has been done towards the establishment of certain
species. Link has attempted something in Mcidium, but I think un-
successfully ; indeed he does not appear himself to be satisfied, and he
arranges the species, as in the other two genera, according to the Natural
Orders of the plants on which they grow. In Uredo and Puccinia there
are very striking discrepancies in the forms of the sporidia, which at
present there is no reason to believe dependant on the peculiar matrix,
and there is therefore in general, under the present state of knowledge,
no possibility of avoiding assigning a distinct species to each plant, or
at any rate to each natural order. And, in consequence, as the species
are of course determined with the greatest ease and without any study,
there is a great temptation to beginners in Mycology to pay attention
at first to such plants, to the neglect of those whose determination is
attended with more difficulty, and hence too often a loose and empiri-
cal mode of examination is acquired. Fries in his Systema has many
remarks to the same effect, but I think that as regards the three last
mentioned genera he has run into the opposite extreme ; except indeed
it be borne in mind that according to his theory, which I believe to be
quite untenable, they be regarded as mere " anamorphoses" of the cel-
lular tissue of plants. The numerous species found by Dr. Greville
about Edinburgh are admirably treated in the Flora Edinensis. The
present genus he has confessedly not studied so much, and I therefore

Chcetomium.] FUNGI. 327

do not feel any hesitation, in accordance with my own views, in consider-
ing several of his species, of most of which I have authentic specimens
before me, as mere forms of E. commuhis.

4. E. tortUis, Lk. {tortuous Erysipht) ; flocci brown loose
regularly interwoven, fulcra very long turned upwards tortuous
simple at the apex, peridiola many.

On the under side of living leaves of Cornus sangiiinea. Thorn-
haugh, &c.. Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley, ^The fulcra turn upwards
after they are given oft' from the peridium. I have not been able to
verify the character of the flocci of the thallus decussating at right
angles.

5. E. penicilldta, Schlecht. {pencilled Erysiphe) ; flocci grey-
ish-dirty-white forming effused spots densely interwoven, fulcra
pencilled at the apex, peridiola many. Lk. I. c. p. 113. Fr,
Sijst. Myc. V. 3. p. 243. I)es77i. ! exs. {var. Berberidis) n, 519.
— ^. Berberidis, Grev. FL Ed. p. 460.— E. Lonicerce, I. c.

jt?. 461.

On the living leaves of various low shrubs. On Gooseberry. Appin.
Cajitain Carmichael. On Barberry and Honeysuckle. Dr. Greville.
On Viburnum Opulus. Dr. Hooher.— ln this very intere.-,tmg species
the fulcra scarcely exceed the diameter of the periduun, are quite
straight and curiously pencilled or flagelliform at the apex, with short
slightly flexuous and* somewhat divided filaments.

6. E. bic6r7iis, Lk. {forked Erysiphe) ; flocci milk-white
clensely woven into a close pellicle, fulcra very short forked and
nodose at the apex, peridiola many. Lk. I. c. p. 1 1*2. Fr. Syst,
Myc. V. 3. p. 244 E. Aceris, Grev. FL Ed.]). 461.

On the leaves of Maple and Sycamore. Extremely common, often
rendering a whole maple hoarv, by which the trees producing it are
known at some distance. On the fc^ycamore the thallus ib lur less
copious.

7. E. adunca, Schlecht. {hook-tipped Erysiphc) ; flocci very
delicate white woven into an eftuse nearly even spot, flocci very
long inflcxed hooked and doubled back at the tip, peridia per-
sistent, peridiola many. Lk. I. c. p.\\\. Grev.! Sc. CrypL
FL t. i>96. Baxt. i Ox. n. 95. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. j). 245.

On leaves of Willows, Poplars, &c. Common. — A specimen from
Persoon of jMucur Erysiphc is the present species on Poplar.

8. /:. guttata, Schlecht. {bulbous-haired Erysiphc) ; flocci
wliite loose interwoven subevanesceiit, fulcra bulbous elevating
the peridia which at length are open and subdiscoid, peridiola
many erumpent. Lk. L c. p. 1 16. Baxt. ! Ox. u. 96. Fr.
Si/st.Mt/v. V. 3. p. 24G.—E. Coryli, Moug. ^' Nest.! u. 83 — E.
Betnla,' Grev. FL Ed. p. 460.

On leaves of larger shrubs and trees. Very common on Hnsef.
— Easily distinguished when mature by the bulhcnis bases v( ihcjlucci.

104. Cn.KToMiuM. Kunzc. Cha'tomium.

Peridium membranaceous, clotlied with liairs which spring

3-28 ruNGi. [Tsaria,

from the tlialliis. Sporidia subpelliicid; mixed with gelatinous
pulp. — Name, ^a/rjj, a hair.

1. C. eldhim, Kunze, (tall ChcElomium') ; peridium subovate,
base radiato-fibrous, hairs of the vertex very long interwoven
branched, sporidia elliptic. Kunze, Myc. Hef. },p. 15. 6. 1./.
9. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 230. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. 3. p. 254.
Scler, Sued n. 459. — Sphceria scojjula, Sow.! t 386./^ 4.

On mouldering straw, old matting, damp plaister, &c. Very com-
jnon. — Sporidia broadly elliptic, apiculate at either end. Varying from
black to brown, and with a more or less crustaceous peridium.

2. C. cliartdrum, Ehr. (Paper Chmtoriuni) ; peridium sub-
globose black surrounded by a bright yellow spot, sporidia sub-
globose. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 255.

On silver paper shut up with fungi in a tin box. Stibbington, Hunts.
Hev. M. J. Berkeley. — In the specimens before me, which have been
gathered many years, the yellow spots which appear to be Tiih'mth alius
are nearly gone. The sporidia are decidedly more globose than in C^
elatum, having very little of the peculiar lemon-like form of that species.

105. Illosporium. Mart, Illosporium.
Peridium subgelatinous, falling to pieces. Sporidia simple,
pellucid, generally surrounded by an \\y?XmQ peridiolum. — Name
/aXw, to involve^ and crro^o;. seed,

1. /. roseum, Fr. (rose-coloured Illosporium) ; heaped up into
an irregular tubercle, soft breaking to pieces, rose-coloured.
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 258. — Tuhcrcidaria rosea, Pers. Syn. p,
114. — Palmella rosea, Lyngh, Hyd. Dan. p. 207. Grev. Scot,
Crypt. FL t. b\. Fl. Ed. p. 323.

On various Lichens, as Parmelia saxatilis, he. Common, but sel-
dom abundant. — It is highly probable that the black granules, figured by
Sowerby in Eng. Bot. on Lichen Glaucoma, are Sclerococcum sphce-
rale, Fr. but this is scarcely sufficient authority for its insertion.

Suborder 3. Hypmomycetes. (yf>j, a weh, and {Mv/.y^;, a
fungus.) — Sporidiferous jlocci naked (not included in a uterus or
seated on a proper receptacle), distinct or interivoven in a common
trunk.

Tribe 1. Cephalotrichei. ('/.zcpakri, a head, and %/|.) —
Flocci collected into a common vertical or horizontal sporidiferous
stroma,

106. Is ARIA. Hill. Isaria.

Stroma elongated, formed of densely interwoven^om, clothed
with patent sporidiferous flocci, Sporidia globose, simple. —
(Name, icogt equal.)

1. I.farinosa, Fr. (mealy Isaria) ; subcsespitose white, stem
clistinct simple at length smooth, clavulse incrassated mealy.
Fr, Syst, Myc, v, 3, p, 271. — Ramariafarinosaj'Holmsk, Ot,!,.

Stilbum.] FUNGI. G29

p. 94. f. 7. — Clavaria farinosa, Dicks. 2. p. 25. Witli. v. 4. p.
338. Sotu. t. 308. Purt. v. 2 c^- 3. n. 1061.

On dead pupae, spider's nests, &c. Not common. — Plant 1 — 2 inches
high, in form resembling a Clavaria, but evidently of a mucedinous
nature. Isaria microscopica. Grey., which is very common on Tridiice,
appears, as Fries remarks, to be an imperfectly developed Stilhuhi io-
mentosum ; at any rate being entirely destitute of flocci and sporidia, it
can have no place in the present genus.

107. Antiiina. Fr. Anthina.

Stroma vertical, elongated, dilated upwards, contiguous with
tlie at length rigid, somewhat attenuated stem, floccose, covered
on all sides with sporidiferous flocci^ free only at their apices.
Sporidia latent. — Name, a\Ooc, lAJiower,

1. A. fdmmca, Fr. (fame-colottred Anthina); attenuated
downwards smooth briglit red-saftron, dilated above plumose
yellow. Fr. Si/st. ISJijc. r. 3. p. 283. — Ceratonana dilatatum,

Fvth, Cat. Bot. 2. t. 3. / 1 Anthina miniata, Grev. in Loud.

Ilort. Brit. p. 462. — Clavaria miniata, Purt. v. 3. p. 2G7. t. 18,

On dead sticks buried amongst rnoss. Oversley wood. Puriun. —
In an early part of the present volume, I have expressed an opinion
that Purto'n's plant is not referrible to the genus Anthina ; this I am
now inclined to retract on more mature consideration, though the sub-
ject is not altogether free from difficulties, especially as regards the
copious discharge of powder from its surface. If, however, it is to be
regarded as belonging to the present genus, I see no character by which
it can be separated from yl.yZ«w7«ea, varying, as that species confessedly
does, in form.

108. Ceratium. a, S)- S. Ceratium.

Stroma somewhat horn-shaped, of a mucilaginous consistence,
sprinkled ^^■\ih /locci, which collapse into minute granules (co;/2-
dia) and free sporidia. — Name, xssac, a horn.

1. C. hf/d/toides, A. & S. (Jtydnoid Ceratium) ; aggregate,
clavuhe subdiscrete resembling prickles at length chalic-white.
Alb. Sf Schw. Consp. t. 2. /. 7. Grec Fi Ed. ji. 436. Sect.
Crypt. Fl. t. 168. Fr. Si/st. 3L/c. v. 3. p. 294 — luticvlaria
Injdnoides, With. v. 4. p. 854. Purt. v. 2 ^V 3. n. 1080 — Cla-
Lctria hyssoides, Sotv. ! t. 335.

On rotten wood. Not uncommon.— Easily known when perfect,
but sometimes in its collapsed state difficult to be recognised.

TuiBK 2. MucORiNl. Sporidia very ytmiute, gcjieratcd within
the tube of the /lord, at ienr/th collated within or upon the swollm
apices ofthejilumeids or their bra/irhes, sometimes involved inj. lly,
more freepantly coiUaincd in an inflated persistent vesicle.

109. Stildim. Tode. Stilbum.
S/oridia collected into a s(did liead, involved in jelly. Flocci
forming a tolid stem. — Name, oti'/.oc;, shinii y.

330 FUNGI. [Stilbum,

1. S. tomentosiim, Schrad. {glandular Stilbum) ; white, head
glohose, stems equal glanduloso-tomentose. Schrad, N. Jour.
Bol. 2. p. 65. >. 3. /. 2. a. b. {fide Ditm). Pers, Syn. p. 680.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 281. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 301—
— Stilbum parasiticum, Ditm. in St. Deutsch. Fl. t. 46.

On different species of TricJiia. Appin. Cajjtain Carmichael, on
Trichia fallax. Cotterstock, Norths. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley, on T,
chrysosperma ; from whence the specimens figured by Dr. Greville
were sent. — I cannot be sure that the plant gathered in Glenfinlas is
the same, as I have not been able to find the specimens.

2. S. erythrocephalum, Ditm. {ruddy Stilbum.) ; head glo-
boso-turhinate rose-coloured, stem rather thick dirty-white
pilose. Ditm. l. c. t. 45. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 302.

On dung, confined to the hard undigested stipulse of some willow.
King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— ScdttereQl Stem equal
or attenuated upwards, at first blunt without any head, and clothed with
patent subfasciculate or suberect down, with a few spreading flocci at
the base ; at length the apex swells, at first downy all over, but soon
smooth, a little rugged, firm ; sporidia elliptic.

3. S. bicolor, Pers. {two- coloured Stilbum) ; head dirty- white
suhrotund, stem subulate pale olive-brown below. Pers. Syn,
p. 682. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. ^j. 303.

On trunks of trees. Appin. Captain Carmichael.

4. S. pellucidum^ Schrad. {pellucid Stilbum) ; head subrotund
dirty-white, stem equal rigid hyaline. Schrad. I. c. p. Q^. {fide
Fr.) Pers. Syn. p. 682. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. 3. p. 304.

On v;ood and rotten fungi. Appin. Captain Carmichael y on whose
authority this and the foregoing species are introduced j the specimens
preserved being too imperfect for verification. There is besides, a species
in his collection, doubtfully referred to S.fiUforme.

5. S. turbindtum, Tode, {turbinate Stilbum) ; head globoso-
turbinate pellucid yellow as well as the nearly equal stem.
Tode, Fung. 3l€cli. t. 2. / 2. Pers. Syn. p. 683 — St. citrinum,
Pers. Syn. p. 681. Ic. Pict. t. 22./. 1.

On soft, rotten wood. Cotterstock, King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M.
J. Berkeley. — Head inversely pear-shaped, white, sporidia globose.
Stem attenuated upwards, pale-yellow, at length verdigris-green at the
base, probably from the presence of some minute Algce.

6. S. vulgdre, Tode, {common Stilbum) ; head roundish nearly
white semifluid at length firmer and yellowish, stem rather thick
cylindric. Tode, I. c. f. 16. Pers. Syn. p. 682. Ditm. I. c,
t. 58. Grev. El. Ed. p. 448. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. p. 305.

On decaying stems of plants, &c. Frequent about Edinburgh. Dr.
Greville.

7. S. nigrum^ Berk, {black Stilbum) ; steni short dirty-white,
head ovate or subglobose granulated, sporidia subcylindric.

On specimens oi Eriophorum pubescens, which had been shut up for

Miicor.] FUNGI. 331

some weeks in a tin box with wet moss. Stibbington, Hunts. Rev. M. J.
Berkeley . — About | a line high, stem rather more than |- the whole height;
head somewhat granulated, compact and not the least pulverulent when
dry, dissolving in water and giving out a multitude of minute, subcylindric
sporidiay which are spread over the depressed black apex of the stem.

110. AscoPHORA. Tode. Ascophora.

Sporidia (at length ?) spread over a rounded, inflated, ter-
minal vesicle. Flocci fistulose, septate. — Name, affxoj, a vessel^
and (p'zou, to bear,

I. A, 3Iucedo, Tode, {commo7i Ascophora). Tode, Fung.
Mech.f. 22. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 448. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 269. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 310.

On various bodies, especially bread. Common. — The peridiolam at
length collapses and falls down round the top of the stem, assuming a
canipanulate form.

111. Hydrophora. Tode. Hydrophora.

Peridiolum at first crystalline, watery, then turbid, at length
indurated, persistent. Sporidia conglobated. Flocci tubular,
erect, subseptate. — Name, u^wg, water, and f --gw, to hear.

1. H. stercorea, Tode, {common Hydrophora) ; fleecy, flocci
simple very long fugacious white, peridiola spherical yellow at
lengtli black. Tode, I. c. 2. p, 6. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 314.
— 3Iucor stercorens, Lk. Sp. 1. p. 90. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 448.

On dung of various animals after much rain. Common. — Distin-
guished from analogous species oi 3Iiicor, by the crystalline, watery, not
membranous, and dehiscent peridiolum, and the indurated mass of
sporidia not falling away in water.

2. H. murina, Fr. (rat's-diwg Hydrophora) ; flocci scattered
short simple persistent wliite, peridiola splierical yellow at
length opaque. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. p. S\5.—J}Iucor imninus,
Pers. Syn.p. '2Q\.—Mi(cor fidvus, Soiv. t. 400./. 4.

On rata' dung. Sowerhy.

112. MucoR. Mich. Mould.

Sporidia discrete, contained within a rounded membranaceous
dehiscent jnridiolum, bursting forth when immersed in water.
Flocci tubular, more or less septate.— Name ; mucor, mould.

1. M.ramosus, Bull, (branched Moidd) ; laniform, fertile flocci
branched above racemose, peridiola globose. Bull. t. 480. /' 3.
Fr. Si/st. Myc. V. 3. p. 318.— 3/. ruj'us, Pers. Syn. p. 200.
—M.favidus, Pers. Ohs. 1. t. (>./. 5, 0. b. Syn.p. 199.

On rotting fungi, ^-c. Thorniiaugh, Norths. lirv.M.J. lirrhlty.-^
My specimens belong to the variety with yellow, then bUicishijrey, peri-
diola. Soinetimcs they arc reddish-brown. The branches are alternate
and racemose. In the ilry phint they arc, at least in my specimens,
€.\treuiely divaricate.

332 FUNGI. [3IucGr.

2. M. Mucedo, L. (common Mould) ; byssoid, fertile fllocci
simple, peridiola and sporidia globose at length blackish. Linn.
Sp, PL 2. p. 1635. Bolt. L 132. f. 1. Sow. t. S78.f. 6. Fr.
Si/sf. Myc. V. 8, p. S20.—M. sphcBrocephalus, Bull t. 480./ 2.

On fruit, paste, preserves, &c. Extremely common.

S.M.ccminits, Vers, (small 7/ellow-headed 3Ioidd) ; fertile flocci
simple, peridiola at length yellow or ferruginous globose,
sporidia globose or elliptic. Bers. Syn. p. 201. Obs. Myc.
t. Q.f. 3, 4. Grev. Sc. CrypL Fl: t. S05. Fi\ SysL Myc. v. 3.
p. 320.

On the dung of dogs and cats in wet weather. Very common. —
The sporidia in this species are by no means constantly globose ; they
are figured as elliptic by Dr. Greville and such I find them. Head at
first white, then bright yellow, then yellow-brown, at length black.
Occasionally the colour is not so bright and in the last stage the heads
are scarcely black. Flocci at first erect, soon leaning in every direc-
tion.

4. M. fusiger, Lk. (Spindle-seeded Mould) ; byssoid, fertile
flocci simple, peridiola globose hyaline, at length black, sporidia
fusiform. Lk. Sp. \.p. 93. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. S. p. 321.

On the gills of decaying Agarics. East INIorden, Dors,, Rev. 3L J.
BerJieley. — Flocci septate, filled internally with distinct granules,
thinly scattered, divergent, springing from the branched mycelium in
such a manner that several of the sterile ^occ? unite to give off the
simple sporidiferous thread. Sporidia exactly fusiform.

5. 31. clavdtus, Lk. (clavate 3Iould) ; byssoid, fertile flocci
simple penetrating the globose peridiola by their clavate apices,
sporidia globose. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 92. Fr. Syst. Myc. 321.

On rotten pears. Winter. Apethorpe, Norths. Itev. 31. J. Berkeley.
— Heads at first white, tiien brown, at length black, fertile flocci not
septate, indistinctly granular within. Sporidia minute.

6. 31. amethysteus, Berk. (Amethyst Mould) ; fertile flocci
simple, peridiola white, then pale- yellow, then crystalline and
pure violet, at length violet-black or brownish, sporidia glo-
bose filled with globose sporidiola dull violet.

On rotting pears with the foregoing — Fertile flocci about ^ of an
inch high, four times as thick as in M. clavatus, filled with distinct gran-
ules; heads depresso-globose, sometimes collapsing slightly and nodding;
spo?-idia rather large, containing globose sporidiola, which easily
separate. 3Iycelium thick, expanded, pure white, closely interwoven.

7. M. delicdtidus, Berk, (mimde yellow-headed 3Iould) ; fertile
flocci simple abbreviated of the same thickness as those of the
mycelium, peridiola globose pale-yellow, sporidia globose.

On rotting gourds. Autumn. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev. M. J.
Berkeley. — So small as to be scarcely perceptible by the naked eye,
forming a velvety stratum saturated with the juice of the matrix,
Head at first white, then very pale yellow, sometimes apparently spring-
ing immediately from the branched septate mycelium and decumbent.

Pac7inoci/he.] FUNGI. 333

113. EuRoTiuM. Lhili. Eurotium.

Peridia membranaceous, sessile, springing- immediately from
the mycelium, bursting irregularly. Sporidia globose, minute,
falling a\Fay in water, pellucid Name, gy^wr, mouldiness,

1. E. herhariorum, Lk. (yellow Eurotium) ; peridiola spheri-
cal snbdepressed yellow, surrounded by radiating expanded
branched intricate flocci. Lk. Sp. I. p. 79. Grev. ! Sc. Cn/pt.
Fl. t. 164. /. 1. Fr. Syst, Myc, v. 3. p. m-l.—Miicor Uer-
hariorum^ Pers. Syn. p. 202. — Farinaria sulphured^ Sow. t. 379.

On damp plants in Herbaria, preserves and various decaying bodies.
Very common. — There is a white and an orange variety.

Tribe 3. DEi\rATiEr. Springing from corticated, continuous
or septate, sporidiferous flocci,

114. Sporocybe. Fr. Sporocybe.

Sporidia simple, conglobated into a terminal head. Flocci
somewhat fibrous. — Name, a-rroioc, seed, and '/.v^n, a head.

1. S. calicioides, Fr. {Calicium-like Sporocybe) ; black, my-
celium effused spot-like, head globose compact, stem slender
subulate. Fr, Syst. Myc. v. 3. ]). 342. — Calicium haustellare,
Ach. in Vetesk. Acad. Hand. 1816. t. 5./. 6. (in part.)

On decaying stems of i)lants, Apethorpe, Norths. Jiev. M. J.
Berkeley. — Much larger tiian the following species, the stems breaking
up into fibres whicii give it a fibriiloLis ap[)carance. Head small, scou
falling off.

2. S. byssoides, Fr. (small black Sporocybe) ; black, head
globose compact, sporidia globose, stem subulate pellucid at the
apex. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 3-13. — Periconiu byssoides, Ptrs. !
Syn. p. 686. Nees, Nov. Nat. Car. v.ix. p. 239. t. 5.f. 9.

On small sticks and mouldering stems of herbaceous plants, especially
those belonging to tiie order 3Ialvacea'. Winter. Common in Norths.
Jiev. M. J. Berkeley.— Vovmmg a thin, black, velvety stratum, casilv
recognised under a lens by ti)c globose heads with which the hairs of
the [)ilc are terminated. Scarcely \ a line high. Stem stiff, brown,
obscurely anniilated. Sjmridid largo.'globose, pclluciti, brown, minutely
echinnlatc. The apex of the stem is generally a little incrassatcd,
forming a receptacle for the sporidia.

115. PACiiNocynR. Berk. Pachnocybe.

Stem solid, fdiform, swollen above and forming a receptacle
which is pruinose with the sporidia. — Name, ■Ta;/v>;, hoarfrost,
and 'li'ji^ny a head.

1. /*. stdfulfiftt, V,v\k. {subidatc Pachnocybe) ; stem brown-
grey snbulatr sliglitly incrassatcd above, sporidia minute. — Peri-
co/iia subulata, A'ces, Nov. Act. l\at. Cur. /.r. p. 238. /. o. f. 8.

334 FUNGI. XFachmcyhe*

Lh Sp. 2. p. 109. Chev. Par. 1. p. 41. — Doratomyces Neesii,
Cord, in St. Deutsdu FL Fung. v. 2. t. 30.

On wood, sticks, stems of herbaceous plants, rotting potatoes, &c.
Winter and Spring. Very common in Northamptonshire. Rev. M,
J. Berkeley. — Stem \ — 2 lines or more high, brownish-cinereous, truly
subulate or slightly incrassated above, often fasciculate ; occasionally
breaking up longitudinally into thejiocci of which it is composed ; the
upper half clouded with the minute elliptic sporidia, which gradually
fail away when the plant is placed in water, altogether unmixed with
flocci. My plant is altogether that of Nees von Esenbeck, and is
entirely destitute of filaments amongst the sporidia. I have examined
it at various times and in every stage of growth and could never detect
an}'. It does not then accord with the genus CephalotricJmm, and as
the original plant of Tode appears to have an inflated vesicular head,
and the woixl Doratojmjces, formed by Corda for a single species, does
not express the general character of the genus as now proposed, I
think it best to give it an entirely new name alluding to the heads
frosted over with the sporidia. I have foreborne quoting the figures
of Haller, Fl. Dan. and Sowerby, though some certainly belong to the
present fungus, as I know not clearly what Cephalotrichum Stemonitis
is, and I am unwilling to create any needless confusion.

2. P. grisea J Berk, (grey roimd-headed Pach?ioci/he) ; densely
gregarious abbreviated, stem blackish, heads globose, sporidia
grey.

On decaying stems of herbaceous plants. Apethorpe, Norths. Bev.
M. J. Berkeley.— Much, stouter that P. acicula, with which it agrees
much in habit ; stem dark, nearly black, composed of fibres not a line
high, head greyish at length dusky ; sporidia elliptic.

3. P.ferruginea, Berk, (ferruginous Paclmocybe) ; stem shin-
ing ferruginous, mycelium floccose, head globose. — Mucor ferru-
gineus, Soiv.J t. 378. f. 10. — Aspergillus ferrugineus, LL Sp.
l.p.eS. Pers.3Iyc. Eur. I. p. SO. Fr. Syst. Mi/c. v.3. p. 387,

On deal and various decaying substances. Sowerby. — Authentic
specimens from Sowerby's Herbarium, though not those figured, are
now before me, on deal bought for fire-wood, and though scarcely
agreeing as to habit with Persoon's species in the 3Iyc. Pur., their
plants are probably the same, as the form is altogether that oi' Aspej'-
gillus. The specimens before me are extremely short, scarcely visible
to the naked eye, furnished with a thin but decided mucedinous
mycelium ; stem capillary, shining, ferruginous, composed of many fila-
ments ; head globose or depressed. Sporidia elliptic.

4. P. acicula, Berk, (lohite round-headed Pachnocyhe) ; gre-
garious stem white or pallid, head subglobose.

On rotting stems of herbaceous plants. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev.
M. J. Berkeley. —Mycelium obsolete. Scarcely a line high, gregarious,
but rather scattered, pure white or with the slightest possible pallid
tinge on the stem. Stem splitting up into fibres ; receptacle subglobose,
covered with minute elliptic sporidia. It has much the habit of
Aspergillus candidus ; from which however it is known by the different
structure of the stem and the elliptic, not globose and raoniliform,
sporidia.

Helicosporium.] FUNGI. 335

5. P. dlbiday Berk, (white clavate Pachnocyhe) ; gregarious
pure white clavate, sporidia large oval (oval-oblong, Fr^, —
Sporocyhe albida, Fr. Sijst. Mijc. v. S. p. 14.

On rotten wood, in company w'wh^StacJnjUdiwn hicolor. King's
ClifFe, Norths. Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. — Not a line high. Gregarious,
but rather scattered, white ; stem marked with cells like the leaves of
an Hypnum, filiform at the base, confluent with the strongly clavate
apex, which is sometimes forked. Sporidia scattered on the receptacle,
large, oval, beautiful, transparent. This beautiful plant differs in one
point only from Sporocybe alhida, Fr., viz., that the sporidia are oval,
and not oval-oblong ; but when it is considered how frequently in the
lower fungi the sporidia acquire a longer major axis, this can be scarcely a
sufficient reason for considering my plant as altogether new. It is
placed doubtfully by Fries in Sporocybc, with the species of which it
does not agree in habit, but it seems to come not unnaturally into the
present genus, there being a tendency in the preceding species, which is
\vhite, to acquire a darker tinge on the stem. I do not see in what
other tribe of Hyphomycetes it can be placed, and perhaps this is one
of the cases in which the exception confirms the rule.

116. Myxotrichum. liimze. JVIyxotridium.

Sporidia simple, conglomerate, at first glued together by a
viscid substance. Flocci solid, opaque. — Name, p^-j^a, gluten^
and ^f/J, a Jiaii\

1. M. ccesium, Fr. {grey 3Iyxotric1nim) ; fibres tufted intri-
cate blueish-grey nodose at the points from which spring the
branches and branchlets, sporidia conglobated globose pellucid.
Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. p. 348. — Gonytrichum ca'siu?n, Nces, jSov.
Act. Nat. Cur. I. c. p. 2U.f. 14.

On rotten branches. Apethorpe, &c., Norths. Ecu. 31. J. Berkeley.
— Forming dense greyish tufts, at length black, consisting of very much
branched fibres ; branches [)atent, nodose at their origin and there fur-
nished with numerous globose 5;>onV//<7, I find a form, which I cannot
separate, very much resembling 3f. murinurn, as figured by Ditmar.

117. Helicosporium. Necs. Helicosporium.

Sporidia flocciform, spirally involute, septate, at length
breaking at the articulations — Name, =/./Ja, a spirCy and o-to^o;,
seed.

1. II. puhuidtum, Fr. (minidc Helicosporium) ; fibres cirspi-
toso-pulvinate very slender branched septate at their apices,
sporidia yellow-green. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. ;;. 354. — I/elicotri-
chwn piilvinatum, Necs, L c. f. 15. — b. rff'usum ; effused very
thin, sporidia whitish.

b. On wood. Stibbingfon, Hiuits. Brr. 3f. J. 7?/;7f<7<//.— Forming
a very thin black stratum, following llic inequalities of the wood ; ffocci
branched, brandies patent, articulated ; articidatioiis about as long as
broad ; npirra pointed, pelhuiil, terminated by the minute closely invo-
lute extremely fugacious sporidia, which consist of about three volu-
tions and as many articulations, extremely fiigacious ; volutions at first

336 FUNGI. [Helmint/i osporium^

so close that the sporidia appear globose, and their true nature might
easily be overlooked. Kees von Esenbeck describes his plant as forming
irregular, pulvinate tufts, about ^ a line high, consisting of soft olive
fibres, and yellow-green sporidia. In every point, except its less tufted
mode of growth and difference of colour, mine agrees with his, and I
therefore consider it rather as a form than as a new species.

lis. Helminthosporium. Lk. Helminthosporium.

Sporidia large, often clavate, septate, at first growing on the
erect fibres. — Name, s/./x/y;, a toorm, and arroooc^ seed.

* Fibres cuspidate, sporidiferoiis.

1. H. macrocdrpum, Gyqy. (large-seeded Helminthosporium) ;
fibres aggregate lax subulate simple black, sporidia large cla-
vato-fusiform pellucid 6 — 8-septate. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 148.
/. 1. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 356. Scler. Sitec. I lu 438.—

Spuceria ciliaris, Sow. ! t. 339. Part.! v. 3. 7i. 1101.

On rotten sticks. Not uncommon. — Easily distinguished by the large,
clavate, multiseptate sporidia. Tlie fibres are frequently broken off
above, so as to lose in great measure their subulate form.

2. H. suhuldtum, Nees, {awl-shaped Helmhitltosporiunfi) ; fibres
aggregate subulate nearly simple straight black, sporidia large
clavate incurved 3 — 4-septate. Nees^ I. c. p. 242. /. 13. Lh.
Sp. 1. p. 48. Corda, I. c. t. 14. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 357.

On oak branches. Appin. Captain Carmichael. — Fibres far more
slender than in the foregoing, so that the habit is different.

** Fibres obtuse, sporidiferous.

3. H. veliUinum, Lk. (velvety Hehninthosporiuiii) ; fibres
densely aggregate somewhat branched obtuse black, sporidia
large obovato-clavate 3 — 4-septate. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 47. Nees,
Syst. /. 65. B. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 14S. /. 2. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 359.

On rotten sticks. Appin. Captain Carmichael. Edinburgh. Dr.
Greville.

4. H.fusisporium, Berk. (Spindle-seeded Helminthosporium) ;
fibres densely aggregate slightly branched obtuse black, sporidia
fusiform narrower than the fibres 6 — ^7-septate.

Oi\ vot\.cn s\\c\is,\\\t\\ Hi/dnumochraceum. Beeston, Notts. Rev.
M. J. Berheley.

5. H. nd?iuni, Nees, (dark-seeded Helmi?ithosporium) ; fibres
scattered simple or forked obtuse knotty their apices forming
large subcylindric 3 — 4-septate sporidia, slightly shorter than
the fibres. Nees, in Nov. Act. Sjc. I. c. f. 13. Fr. Syst. Myc,
z\ 3. p. 359.

On stems of the larger herbaceous plants. Winter. Very common
in Norths. Rev. M. J. Berheley. — 1 cannot distinguish my plant from
that of Nees, though its habitat be different. The sporidia are of a dark,
subpellucid brown.

Dematium.]

FUNGI. 337

6. H. simplex, Kunze, (simple BelmiiUhosporium) ; fibres
aggregate simple or slightly branched obtuse black, sporidia
fusiform acute pellucid, septa evanescent. Nees, I. c. p. 2^:\,

/. 1 1. LL Sp. 1. p. 4, Corda, I c. t. 13. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3.
p. 359.

On rotten branches. Rockingham Forest, Norths. Jlev. M. J.

Berkeley Forming a thin, dirty, uniform stratum like that of some

Torula ; septa 2 — 3. Nees however describes his plant as having
oblongo-clavate sporidia, with 3 — 5 septa, tliough he does not so
figure it.

*** Primary fibres changed into sporidia, which in consequence
are sessile.

7. H. Tilice, Fr. {Linden Helminthosporium) ; fibres simple
obtuse obscurely annulated brown-black fasciculate on a convex
erumpent stroma, the greater part changed into sporidia. Fr.
Syst. Myc. V. 3. p. 360. — Exosporiuni Tilice, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 121.

Fr. ! Scler. Suec. ?i. 178. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 208 Sphoeria

echinata. Sow. ! Herb.

On fallen branches of lime trees. Very common.

119. Dematilm. Ptrs. Dematium.

Sporidia simple, free, disposed in rows or conglomerated
upon the straight fibres. — Name, o-iiaiiw, a bundle.

1. D. griseum, Pers. {grey Dematiiwi) ; fibres aggregate
brown-black quite simple above, sporidia oblongo-cylindric grey
conglomerated just above tlie base upon very short branchlets.
Pers. Myc. Eur. \.j). 15. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 364. — Chce-
topsis Wauchii, Grev. Sc. Grypt. FL t. 236. — CIdoridium griseum^
Lk. Sp. \. p. 38. Grev. Syn. Gen. et. Sp. p. 6.

On rotten hase! stumps, generally in the neighbourhood of Splucria
fusca. Edinburgli. Captain Wauch. Fineshade, Norths. Ilev. M.
J. Bcrkeh'ii. — This curious fungus may he easily recognised by the
greyi^sh, cylindrical masses oi sporidia, iw-^X. above the base of the threatls.
The sporidia 1 find of a very ditfercnt form from that represented by
Dr. (ireville, but as he calls them in his Synopsis oblongo-cylindric,
and it is notorious that sporidia often accpiire a more elongated form
in an advanced stage of growth, I see no reason, without the examina-
tion of authentic specimens, to suppose my plant, in which they are six
times as long as broad and very slightly but ilcciiledly curveil with a
round pellucid globule in tiie centre, really distinct. I find however
the branchlets very obscure, if not altogether wanting, and I suspect
from the account given by Fries, who has evidently drawn up his
character after the figure in the Scottish (!ryptogamic Flora, and the
absence of all mention of them in Link's description, that in general
they are not so nuich developed as in Dr. (ircville's plant. Two other
minute ditierences may also be noticed, that in my specimens the fibres
are not bulbous at the base, and that several fibres freciuently pa-ss
through the same iicap of sporidia. I do not doubt that my plant is

z

338 FUNGI. [Cladospormm*

the same as Link's, but it is possible that Dr. Greville's is distinct,
and if this should be the case it would bear the name of Dematium
Waucliii.

2. D. hispiduhcm, Fr. (hispid DematiU7)i) ; fibres fasciculate
simple black, sporidia globose of the same colour opaque con-
glomerated towards the base of the fibres. Fr. St/st. Myc.
V. 3. /). 366. — Conoplea hispidula, Pers. St/n, p, 235. Fr, !
Scler. Saec. 7i. 380. Lh. Sp. 1. p. 46.

On dry leaves and stems of grasses. Scotland. Dr. Greville in
UooJi. Herb., whose specimens accord precise!}' v.ith those of Fries,
who informs us that he has seen the sporidia collected above the base
of the filaments as in the last species. An acute eye is requisite to
distinguish this from several fungi of a similar habit that occur on grasses.

120. PoLYTHRfNCiUM. Kiuize. Polythrincium.
Sporidia free, unlseptate, at length scattered upon the moni-
Wlovm Jlocci. — Name, cro?.-j;, many, and Soiy/.o;, ^partition.

1. P. Trifolii, Kunze, (common PoJythrinciwii) — Kimze,
Ilyc. Heft. \.t.l. f.Q. Grev. Sc. Crypi. Ft. ^.216. Lk. Sp.
I. p. 43. 3Ioug. S> Nest. ! n. 688. Baxt. I Ox. n. 84. Covda, L c.
t. 9 Farinaria Trifolii, Sow.! t. 396./: 7.

On the fading leaves of several species of Trifoiium. Common. —
Often associated with Sph. Trifolii and Ascobolus Trifolii. Forming
little black sooty dots on the leaves.

121. Cladosporium. Lli. Cladosporium.

Sporidia arranged in sliort, moniiiform branclilets, at lengtli

falling off. Flocci septate above Name? zXadog, a hraiich, and

c~c^o;, seed.

1. C. herhdrum, Lk. (common Cladosporiimi) ; tufts effuse
soft dense green then olive-black, fibres collapsing pellucid as
well as the olivaceous snoridia. Lk. Sp. \. p. 39. I^ees, Syst.
f. 64. B. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 469. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 209.
Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. p, 370. — Dematium herbarum, Pers. Syn.
]j. 699.— Z>. articidatum, Sow. ! t. 400./. 8.

On all sorts of decaying substances, damp paint, fungi, &c. Every
vvhere. — This is perhaps the most common of all Fungi, growing on all
decaying substances and in consequence assuming various forms. There
is however no difficulty in recognising it. Clad, velutimtm, Grev.,
appears to have no characters to distinguish it, unless a multitude of
species be formed. It is often quite black when old. Clad. Fianago,
Lh. and Fr. I scarcely think distinct. I have little doubt that in most
cases it originates on leaves more or less sprinkled with honey-dew
fi'om the presence of Ap/iidei, and as there is frequently a repeated
deposit of nutritive matter, the plant acquires a peculiar grumons appear-
ance. I have lately, on a plum-tree which is completely smothered by
it, found some leaves in which the parasite has contrived to emerge
completely from its disguise and appear in its own form, INIr. Lowe
informs me that the orange trees in Madeira are dreadfully infested
with either this or a similar production.

Aspergillus] FUNGI. 33i)

122. ]Macrosp6riu3i. Fr. Macrosporlum.

Sporidia erect, stipltate, multiseptate, arising from delicate
septate evanescent Jiocci {mycelia), — Name, (muz^o;, long, and
crroooc, seed.

1. M. Cheirdnthi, Fr. {loaVJiower Macrosporlum) ; flocci
decumbent extremely fugacious, sporidia pyriform articulato-
septate black, peduncle short. Fr. Syst. DIijc. v. 3. p. 374. —
Uebnisporium Cheircuilhi, Duhy^ Syn. Gal. 2. p. 929.

On the decaying; leaves and stems of Stocks and WallHowers. Ape-
thorpe, King's Clitte, Norths. Ilcv. M. J. Berhelei/. — The sporidia vary
extremely in form : some are clavate with a single row of articulations ;
in others the two or three upper cells have a vortical septum ; others
are broadly clavate, and others again obovate, each articulation divided
by vertical partitions into many cells. All are more or less constricted.
They/occi are very delicate and difficult to detect though certainly
present. The peduncles vary in length ; more than one arc sometimes
given off by the same thread of the mycelium.

2. 3I.Brassicce, Berk, (^cahbage Macrosporlum) ; flocci obsolete,
sporidia clavate antennseform 5 — 1 1-septate rather longer than
the peduncle.

On decaying cabbage leaves amongst Cladosporiumherharuin. King's
Clitfe, Norths, licv. M. J. Berkeley.

Tribe 4. Mucedines. Sporidia arising amongst tubular,
septate^ pellucid Jiocci, which are formed of a simple membra fie,
sometimes arranged in monlliform roics.

123. Aspergillus. 3Iich. Aspergillus.

Sporidia (at first included) simple, globose, more or less
disposed in moniliform rows closely packed upon the swollen
apices of tiie fertile flocci. — Name, aspergillus, the brush used
fur sprinkling holy water.

1 . A. cdndidus, Lk. (ichde Aypcrgillus) ; sterile flocci eft'nsed
•white, fertile simple incrassated at the apices, sporidia compact
white. Lh. Sp. \. p. 65. Chev. Par. 1. t. 4.f. 17. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 385. — Monllla Candida, Pers. Syn. p. 692.

On various dcca} ing substances. Very common. — Uistinguished from
the follo\\ing species by its smaller size, stitKarid habit and more com-
pact sporidid. The two species however a[)pcar to me to be too closely
allied, intermediate states occurring which it is almost impossible to
refer exactly to either.

2. A. glaucus, Lk. (blue Mould) ; sterile flocci elViiscd white,
fertile simple their apices capitate, sporidia rather loosely packed
at length glaucous. IJi. Sp. 1. p. 67. (ircr. Fl. Fd. p. 467.
Johnsl. FL Jkrw. 2. ;;. 211. Corda, I. c. hA\. t. 7. Fr. Syst.
Myc. I'. 3. p. 386. — Mucor glaucus, Linn. Sp. PL 2. p. 1556.

34.0 ^ rUNGl. [Aspergillus,

Sow. t. S78.f. 9. IVU/i. V. 4. p. 369. — Mucor Aspergillus, Bull
t. 504. f. IQ.^Monilia glauca, Pers. Syn\ p. 691. Hook. Scot. 2.
p. 33.

On various decaying substances, as lard, bread, cheese, &c. — Flocci
indistinctly articulate when fresh ; head covered with a subpellucid
grumous substance on which are seated the globose sporidia arranged
in radiating moniliform threads. This agrees with the account given by
Corda, but the grumous substance is not constantly present. — One of
the most common moulds and always unacceptable, except upon cheese
which is valued when attacked by it. On the same substance the my-
celiitm is often of various colours, as bright-yellow, green, &c., and the
sporidia partake in great measure of the same tint, but all so intimately
blended that it is impossible to distinguish species.

3. A. roscus, Lk. (pink Aspergillus) ; mycelium tliin, fertile
flocci simple, sporidia globose rose-red. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 68.
^Monilia rosea, Pers. Sijn. p. 697. Batsch, El. p. 183./. 58.

On damp paper, lint, carpet, &c. Sent to Sowerby by 3Ir. Templeton
on damp blue paper. — Flocci not septate ; sporidia globose, minute,
arranged in moniliform rows. I am inclined to think this a distinct
species. It is doubtful whether the plant on hasel-nuts, &c., figured by
Sowerhj, t. 378./. 11, is the same.

4. A. aureus, Berk, (golden-i/ellotv Aspergillus) ; fertile flocci
erect short simple clavate, sporidia large thinly scattered elliptic
golden-yellow.

On bark. Soicerhij. — This very beautiful and distinct species 1 find
unmarked in Sowerby's collection and suspect that he considered it a
form of his Mucor ferrugineus. The Jiocci are short, consisting of
about four articulations, clavate above and covered thinly with large,
subelliptic ^eWo^ sporidia, in which it recedes from the usual character
of the genus and from Asp.Jiaviis.

5. A. mdximus, Lk. [large Asper-gillus) ; sterile flocci yellow-
brown forming a compact fleecy stratum, fertile dichotomously
branched clavate above, sporidia very large at length of the
same colour with the flocci. Nees, Syst.f.Ql. Fr. Syst. Myc,
V. 3. p. 387. — Asp. laneus, Grev. FL Ed. p. 467 — Sporodinia
Qvandis, Lk. Sp. \, p. 91.

On putrid fungi. About Edinburgh. Dr. Greville.

6. A. mollis, Berk, (wkite branched Aspergillus) ; fertile flocci
white erect dichotomously branched, apices clavate, sporidia
large subglobose.

On dead leaves. Winter. Apethorpe, Norths. Bet). M. J. Ber-
keley.— Forming minute, scattered, pure white fascicles, with a thin
procumbent mycelium.

7. A. virens, Lk. (green branched Aspergillus) ; tufts rather
dense, flocci entangled suberect, heads as well as the branched
flocci greenish. Lk. Sp. \. p. 67. Grev. FL Ed. p. 467. Fr,
Syst. Myc, v. 3. p. 388.

On decaying Agarics. Carlowrie, near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville.

StacJiijUdium.] FUNGT. 341

124. Stachylidium. Lk. Stachylidiura.

Sporidia (at first included in a spore) simple, collected upon
proper short discrete lateral branchlets. — Name, crayjjg^ a spike,
and nbocy resemblance.

1. S, bicolor, Lk. (two- coloured Stachylidium) ; fertile flocci
simple grey putting forth quaternate blunt sporiferous branchlets
at the upper joints. Lk. Sp.l. p. 78. Nees, Syst./. 56. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 3. /?. 391. — Dematixim. verticillatum, Hoffm. Germ.
2.L 13./. 1.

On stalks of herbaceous plants laid in heaps in gardens. Apethorpe,
Norths. Margate, &c. llev. M. J. Berhelci/. — Investing the plant
on which it grows with a greyish subolivaceous down, resembling some-
what Botrytis vidgaris. Filaments simple, but furnished above with
wiiorls of quaternate, obtuse branchlets, each bearing a single, globose
spore, filled with oblong-elliptic sporidia. Sometimes the branchlets
are acute, which appears to arise from the spore being abortive and
forming a second depauperated articulation. I have rarely seen tb.e
plant so perfect as described above; few objects are more elegant.

2. S. terrestre, Lk. {xchite Stachylidium) ; fertile flocci
branched white, above putting forth quaternate obtuse spori-
ferous branchlets. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 78. Grev. FL Ed. p. 466.
Sc. Crypt. FL t. 257. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. S9l.— Stachy-
lidium candidum, Grev. in JVern. Tr. p. 72. t. b. f. 6.

On rotten sticks. About Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Apethorpe,
Korths. liev. M. J. Berkeley. — Easily distinguishable even to the
naked eye by a peculiar scattered dot-like mode of growth. JMt/ctUum
dense, branched, intricate. Sporidia globose. It does not appear
that they have been actually observed to be contained in a spore.

3. *S'. diffusum, Fr. (^diffuse Stachylidium) ; fertile flocci
branched white, fertile branchlets scattered bearing quaternate
spores, sporidia at length collected at their apices in globular
masses. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 31)2. — Botn/tis diffusa, Alb. c^
Schw. p. 362. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 468. Sc. Crypt.^Fl. t. 126../:
2. Wern. Tr. I. c. f. 7. — Botryosporium diffvsum, Cor da, I.
c. t. 5.

On stems of decaying herbaceous plants, especially jiotatocs. About
Edinburgh. JJr. iinville. (.'onnnon in Nortlis. Rev. M. J. BerJuhy.
— I'orming loose tufts, .'J — 4 lines high. Albcrtiui and Schweinitz, as
also Fries, have observed the branchlets at first to bear (luaternate sports.
They are usually crowned with globular masses of globose or sometimes
cllij)tic sporidia. In this and the foregoing genus the true aflinity is
perhaps with the Mucorini ; but in Aspergillus, scarcely suflicient ob-
servations have been recorded as to the real primary structure, antl in
tiie [)resent genus individuals arc so seldom found in the sporiferous
state, that I preler, with Erics, retaining them in their present .situation;
especially as there is reason to believe that some species of Botrt/(ts
have the sporidia at first included.

S42 FUNGI. [Botrytis,

125. BoTRYTis. 3Iich. Botrytis.
Sporidia (at first included) simple, collected in little sori on
or towards the apices of thej^om and their branches. — Name,
■(SoT^vg) a bunch of grapes.

1. B. grisea, Fr. {grey Botrytis) ; fertile flocci scattered sub-
simple equal grey, sporidia of the same colour collected here
and there in heaps upon the^filaments. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p.
396 Haplaria grisea, Nees, Syst.f. 49. Lk. Sp. \. p. 52.

On decaying vegetables. Margate. Nov. On decaying petioles of
vines in a greenhouse. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — It is usually found on
Sparganium and allied plants. Flocci shnple or forked, grey, slender
but rather rigid, septate, at the apices and sides of which are little heaps
of globose grey sporidia, giving it at first a whorled aspect. They soon
fall off and leave the flocci quite naked.

2. B. cinerea, Pers. (cinereous Botrytis) ; fertile flocci gre-
garious subsimple cinereous soon strangulated, sporidia attached
here and there globose whiter than the flocci. Pers. Syn. p,
690. Disp. t. 3. /. 9, 10. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 60. Johnst. Fl. Bene.
'2. p. 212.

On stems of herbaceous plants, frequently springing from Sclerotiiim
durum. Not uncommon. — Sphceria solida, Sow. t. 314, is, I believe,
Sclerotium durum beset with the present plant in an^old state after the
sporidia have been washed oif.

3. B. cdna, Schmidt, {hoary Botrytis) ; flocci cinereous or
whitish, sterile eftuse, fertile branched at the apex, sporidia
large oval. Kitnze S)- Schm. Myc. Heft. 1. p. 83. Lk. Sp. 1.

59. Fr. Syst, Myc. v. 3. p. 397 Mucor racemosus. Bull, t,

504./. 7.

On rotting stems and leaves. Apethorpe. Norths.^ Rev. M. J.
Berkeley. — It also appears to have been found at Appin by Captain
Carmichael on the leaves of Scrophidaria nodosa, the very habitatof
the plant as described under the above name by Schmidt. This species
is easily distinguished by the large oval, not ovate, sporidia. Branches
growing in a botryoid rather than racemose form. The flocci are some-
times nearl}^ white.

4. B. vulgaris, Fr. {common Botrytis) ; flocci grey, sterile
rather fleecy, fertile divided at the apex into lobe-like branchlets,
on which are collected the globose minute sporidia. Fr. Syst.
Myc, V. 3. p. 398. — Botrytis poly actis, Lk. Sp. I. p. b^.—Poly-
actis vidgaris, Nees, Syst.f. 57.

On rotting plants, gourds, cabbages, &c. Common in Norths. Rev.
M. J. Berkeley.— This species varies in the degree and manner of
branching, the branchlets being sometimes far less obtuse, the sporidia
also vary from white to glaucous. I have no doubt that Fries is quite
right in referring B. leucospora, Lk. to this species. In its best state
it resembles Chondria obtusa in miniature.

5. B. vera, Fr. [Michelis Botrytis) ; fiocc'i grey, sterile rather

Botrytis.] FUNGI. 343

fleecy, fertile branclied above forming" spikes about tlie slender
apices. Fr. St/st. Myc. v. 3. p. 398. — Bot. spicata, Pers, Styn.
jy, 69l.—3Iucor Botrytis, Bolt, t, 132./. 3. With. v. 4. ;?. 370.
— Botrytis spicata, S)-c. 3Iich.p. 21:2. ^. 91./. 4.

On various deca3'ing substances. On Pohjporus versicolor, near
Halifax, Bolton, who alone appears to have observed this species.

6. B. lateritia, Fr. (^tile- coloured Botrytis) ; flocci brick -red
inclining to rnfous, sterile widely effused, fertile irregularly
verticillate multifid at tlie apex, sporidia oval. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc.
V. 3. p. 402. — SporotricJium luteritiwn, Lk. Sp. I. j?. 15.

On decaying stems of herbaceous plants, not unfrequentl}' within the
hollow, old potatoes, beet-root, &:c. Common in Norths. Bev. JI.
J. Berhclej/. — This species has at first sight entirely the habit of a
Sporotric/nmi, forming a thin almost uninterrupted stratum, but a care-
ful examination shows it to be a true Botrytis. Each apex is at first
terminated with a single sporidium. Desmazieres's VerticiUium ochro-
rubrum, Ann. des Sc. N, S. v. 2. t. 2./ o, differs in nothing except the
globose sporidia.

7. B. criistosa, Fr. (crust-Uhe Botrytis); flocci w\\\iQ in every
stage of growth, fertile simple, trifid and verticillate, spores
globose terminal. Fr. Syst. JSIyc. v. 3. p. 403. — Mucor Dema-
Hum, Fr. Obs. I. p. 210.

On leaves and stems of plants, especially Heracleinn Sphondyliinn.
On leaves o( ul^r/opodiuni Podufjraria. Berwick. J)r. Johnston. —
The specimens referred to the present species were marked, previously,
iiowever, to the publication of the concluding portion of the S>/sf.
Myc. as a new species. The filaments confessedly vary so much in
their manner and degree of branching, that I rely more upon the evitlcnt
affinities of the plant than on the technical character given above from
Fries, which according to his own account would at times be scarcely
sufficient to distinguish the species. The sjjorcs I find both globose
and ellij)tic on the same individual, tlie branches rather cymose than
verticillate above, and the apices sometimes exactly trifiil, the spores
very large and decidedly filled with sporitlia as in JIucor,i\ud altogether
destitute of the jewel-like brilliancy of the large sporidia in Botrytis
cana.

8.2?. parasitica, Pers. ( parasitic Botrytis) ; flocci white in
every stage of growth, branches of the fertile flocci raninlose,
sporidia very large globose. Pcrs. Obs. 1. t. 5. /'. 5. G'lvr.
iV. Ed. ]). 408. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 403. — Bot. Oijaricinu,
Johnst. Ft. Berw. 2. p. 212. — JIucor Botrytis, Sow. t. 359.

On stems of Ctipaclld Jiursd J'tistoris, FrDphiln rrrna, ike. gone-
rally when infested with Vrcdo Candida. Very connnon. The same plant
appears to be fii^nred by Sowerby upon the poils of Brysiniinn Alli-
ariu ; the sporidia, however, arc rejjrescnted as oval.

9. ]i. cflusn, Grev. (Spijinch Mould) ; pale pnrplish-groy
spreading, fertile* flocci branched above, branches siiort divari-
irated, spores hw'j^i*. oval. Grcv. ! Fl. Jul. p. lOS, — Mucor
spiiiacca, Soic. .' llcrb.

344 ruNGi. {Monilia.

On the under side of the leaves of spinach. Spring and autumn.
Very frequent and highly injurious. — Forming effused spots, 2 — 6 lines
broad, resembling some small Erineuniy generally rendering the leaf
yellow. Flocci very short, often abruptly recurved. Dr. Greville's
plant is exactly the same as that I have in vievi^. There is little doubt
that B.farinosay Fr. is also synonymous; but he describes the branches
as simply elongated and corymbose.

126. Penicillium. Lk. Penicillium.

Sporidia simple, globose, disposed in sori about tbe penicil-
late apices of tbe tubular septate iQi'XWe Jiocci. — Name, penicil-»
lum, di painting brush.

1. P. spar sum, Grev. (scatlered Peiiicillium) ; sterile flocci
effuse, fertile simple scattered penicillate above, sporidia white.
Grev. in Wern, Tr. iv, p.7\,t. b.f. 5. Sc, CrypL FL t. 58. f,
2. Fl. Ed. p. 467. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. 3. p. 407.

On semiputrid stems of Arctium Lappa. About Edinburgh. Dr.
Greville.

2. P. criistdceum, Fr. (crustaceous 3Iotdd) ; sterile flocci
white forming a close crust-like web, fertile somewhat branched
intricate bifido-penicillate above, sporidia verdigris-green. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 407. — P. glaucum, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t,
58. f. 1. Fl. Ed. I. c. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 78. — Mucor crustaceus,
Linn. Suec. p. 460. — /3. Coremium; fertile flocci woven into a
dense white stem. Fr. I. c. p. 408. — Coremium leucopus, Pers.
Myc. Eur. 1. p. 42. — Floccaria glauca, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t
SOI.— Byssus scoparia, Fl. Dan. f..S97.f. 1.

On all sorts of decaying bodies. Extremely common. — /3. on gum,
apples, &c. Not uncommon. — Fries has certainly shown a correct
judgment in considering Floccaria glauca as a state of this species. I
have seen the one clearly passing into the other on the same apple, and
I believe that this very singular change takes place in general from a too
abundant supply of moisture.

3. P. cdndidum, Lk. (^ivhite Penicilliittn) ; sterile flocci woven
together pure white, fertile branched penicillate, sporidia pure
white. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 69. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 409 — /5.
Coremium ; subclavate, flocci woven into a stem. Fr. L c. —
Coremium candidu77i, Nees, t. 86. Pers, Myc, Eur, 1. p. 43.
Lk. Sp. \.p. 71.

On various decaying substances. Apethorpe, Norths., a. and /3.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

127. Monilia. Hill. Monilia.
Flocci tubular, septate, bearing above moniliform branches,
which break up into globose pellucid sporidia. — Name, monile,
a necklace,

1. 3L penicilldta, Fr. {pencilled Mo7iilia) ; flocci scattered
simple, chains of sporidia terminal lax very numerous. Fr,

Bactylium.] ruNGi. 345

Syst. Mi/c. V. 3. p, 410. — Aspergillus penicillatuSy Grev. Sc,
Crypt. Fl. t. 32. Fl. Ed. p. 4G7. — Penicillium sparsum^ Lh,
Sp. \. p. 70. — Briarea elegans, Corda^ I, c. t. 6.

On damp grasses in Herbaria. JJr. Greville. — A most elegant plant ;
considered as doubtful by Link, but confirmed by Corda, who found
his specimens on damp hay and straw. Dark grey ; Jiocci articulate,
constricted at tiie articulations ; head drooping in consequence of the
weight of the sporidia.

2. M, racemosa, Pers. (racemose Monilia) ; flocci csespitose
branched in a racemose manner, chains of sporidia lateral and
terminal ternate. Pers. Syji. p. 692. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. 3. p.

411. — Monilia cccspilosuy Fwt. v. 3. n. 1579, t. 34 Mucor

ccespitosus, Linn. Sp. p. 1156. Bolt, t, 132. /. 2. — Aspergillus
terrestris, ^c. Mich. p. 213. ^. 91./ 4.

On deca}ing substances. Halifax, Bolton. — It has also been found
by Mr. Probart, whose discovery is the more interesting, as the figure
given in the Midland Flora completely confirms the accuracy of
Micheli's representation.

128. Dactylium. Nees. Dactylium.

Flocci tubular, septate ; sporidia loosely adhering to their
apices, clavate or elongated, septate. Septa not always dis-
cernible.— Name, Qa-/.r'j}.ogi a finger.

1. D. jiyriferum, Fr. (pear-seeded Dactylium) ; flocci aggre-
gate white here and there branched, sporidia pyriform, septa
evanescent. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. ;;. 413.

On mouldering stems of herbaceous [)Iants. Apethorpc, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley on an Holly oak. — Forming little white contlucut
tufts. Flocci very slightly branched ; sporidia often lateral, shaped
exactly like a grape-seed, the u[)per swollen portion filled with agranu-
lar muss, the lower pellucid and apparently solid. I have not detected
any septa. My specimens were probably in an early stage of growth.
I have found the j)lant once only, antl it did not alter though kept in a
damp situation, favourable to its further development. The septa
indeed are so seldom visible in most of the species, that for practical
purposes it would be belter perhaps to place them all in Botrytis ; nor
indeed does the character itiiclf, judging from analogy, seem to be of
very great im[)ortancc.

2. D, macrosporum, Fr. (long-seeded Dactylium) ; flocci ag-
gregate white and rose-coloured, brancidets of tlic fertile flocci
very sliort subverticillate ending in obovato-cylindric subternato
now and then septate sporidia. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 414. —
Botrytis mairospora, Ditm. in St. Deutich. Fl. t. 50.

On the ground amongst moss, rotten wood and leaves, tic, also on
fungi. Stibbington, Hunts.; lltv. M. J. Btrhchy. — Changing from
white to rose-coloured.

3. D. dcndroides, Fr. (Trec-lihc Dactylium) ; flocci aggregate
very much branched white, branchlets racemose, sporidia ter-

346 FUNGI. [Sporotrichum,

ininal obovato-cylindric septate. F7\ Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 414.
"—Botryiis agaricina, Lk. Sp. \. p. 84. Ditm. I. c.t.5\, Grev,
Fl Ed, p. 468. Sc, Crypt, Fl, t, 126./. \,—Mucor dendroides,
£ull.t,50i^.f, 9.

On decaying Agarics, Boleti, Polypori, &c. Very common. —
The sporidia are very rarely septate, at least I have never been able to
meet with them in that state ; Fries, however, states that when full
grown they are so, and that they acquire, moreover, an elongated form.

129. Sporotrichum. Lli. Sporotriclmm.

Flocci erect or ceespitoso-convergent, at length flaccid and
decumbent, branched, septate, uniform. Sporidia free, simple,
at first interwoven with or covered by the flocci, at length
scattered over them. — Name, dvro^o;, seed, &o&, a hair,^

1. S. nigrum, Fr. (black SporotricJmni) ; flocci erect dicho-
tomously virgate black attenuated at their apices, sporidia
globose of the same colour. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p, 416. —
Botrytis nigra, Lk. Sp. \, p, ^^, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 274.
— Virgaria nigra, Nees, Syst.f. 52.

On dead trunks, branches, &c. About Edinburgh, jDr. Greville. Not
frequent. — The Appin station belongs to the following species, which, in
addition to the curious but possibly accidental character of having the
branches of distinct plants united longitudinally, half a dozen individuals
being thus connected together in the most irregular way, is distinguished
by the elliptic sporidia.

2. S. inosculans. Berk, (iimher-broum Sporotrichiini) ; effuse
dark umber-brown forming a velvety crust, flocci erect virgate,
sporidia minute elliptic. — Botrytis inosculans, Carm, MSS. —
B, umhrina, Klotzsch in Hook. Herb,

On Thelephora avellana. Appin, Captain CarmicJiael.

3. S.geochorum, Desm. (olive-grey Sporotrichiini); flocci erect
very much branched dichotomous virgate olive-grey, sporidia
globose minute. Besm. exs. n. \\7 , collaps. {fide Fr.). Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 416. — Bat. Polyspora, Ditm, I. c. t. 35. Lk,
Sp. l.p. 56.

On rotten wood. Stibbington, Hunts, llockingham Forest, Norths.
Hev. M. J. Berkeley — Sporidia subglobose, yellowish when viewed
by transmitted light.

4. S. chlorinum, Lk. (yellow-green Sporotriclmm) ; erect
intricate, flocci dense very soft simple and branched, sporidia

* Nothing can be more difficult than to distinguish between true Sporo-
tricha and the mycelia of other fungi. Fries gives as a practical rule, that all
species with expanded centrifugal flocci are mycelia; but that manv are equally
myceha with erect flocci, which are the more deceptive in consequence of their
being accompanied by minute dust-like pellucid particles {conidia). Few true
species have bitherto been observed in Great Britain, and amongst the mvriads
ot bporotrichoid forms which occur everywhere, future observers, especially
It unpractised, should be very cautious in the admission of species.

Acremonium.l FUNGI. 347

Leaped together globose vellow-green. Lk. Sp. \. p, 17. Fr,
SysL Myc.v.^. p. 421. *

On dry leaves. Botanic Garden, Glasgow. KlotzscJi, in Hook.
Herb.

5. S. aiirantiacum, Grev. {orarige Sporotrichuni) ; tufts of a
reddish-orange, filaments very slender much entangled, sporidia
globose extremely minute. Grev, i?i Wern. Tr. v. 4. p, t. 5.f.
4. FL Ed. p. 465.

On dung, &c., in damp cellars. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville — I know
not whether this is the same as S. aurantiacum, Fr. on bark lying on
the ground, whose characters I subjoin. "Effused, flocci crisp, lax,
sporidia globose, saff\-on-yellow or tawny."

6. S. sulphureum^ Grev. {sulphur-yellow Sporotrichuni) ;
flocci forming minute tufts at length evanescent, sporidia minute
globose heaped together sulphur-yellow. Grev. Wern. Tr. I.
c.f. 3. Ft. Ed. p. 465. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 108. /. 2. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 423.

In cellars on various substances, especially corks. Very common.

7. S. Idxum, Lk. (loose tvhite Sporotrichuni) ; very delicate
lax, flocci few white as well as the oval sporidia. Lk. Sp. 1.
2y. 1> Nees,f. 45. — S. minutum^ Grev. Wern. Tr. I, c.f. 1. FL
Ed.p. 464. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 108./. 1.

On various substances. Very common. Easily recognised by its
oval sporidia. Spor. tenuissimum, Grev. which is thus characterized,
"very white forming a web densely interwoven very fine, sporidia glo-
bular scattered very minute" {Grev. Wern. Tr. I. c.f. 2.), is probably a
mycelium. It appears to vanish entirely in drying ; at least in authentic
specimens I can find no trace of the plant.

130. AcREMoNiuM. Lk. Acremonium.
Flocci septate, furnished with very slender lateral branchlets,
crowned with a vesicular spore. — Name, axcs.awv, a branch.

1. A. verticilldtutn, Lk. (tvhorled Acremonium) ; white, fertile
branchlets wliorled, spores ovate. Lk. Sp. \. p. 74. Grev. Sc.
Crypt. FL t. 124. f 2. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. ;;. 425.

On dead wood and trunks of trees. Spring. Edinburgh, Dr.
Greville.

2. A. altcrndlum, Lk. {<d(ernate branched Acremonium) ;
white, fertile branchlets alternate, spores globose. Ditm. L c.
t. 2. Lk. Sp. \.p. 74. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. ;;. 425.

On decaying leaves. Autumn. On a seedling Ilibiscusy in a sunny
window. Stibbington, Hunts. Rev. JDI. J. Berkeley.

3. A. fiiscum^ Sclim. {brown Acremonium) ; olive-broM'n,
fertile branchlets opposite or alternati;, spores globose. Schmidfy
Nye. Jfeft. J. ;;. 79. t. 2. /'. 23. Lk. Sj,. 1. ;;. 75. Grev. FL
Ed. p. 468. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 124. /'. 1

On ilead wood and sticks. Autumn.
Edinburgh, Dr. iirevillc.

348 FUNGI. [Oldium.

131. Trichothecium. Lk. Trichothecium.

Sporidia uniseptate, oval, scattered on the Jtocci. — Name,
^^/g, a hair^ and ^?j%?j, a vessel,

1. T. fuscum, Fr. (brown Trichotheciurn) ; flocci ascending
brown, sporidia oblong subdidymous. Fr, Syst, Myc, v. 3. p.
426. — Macrosporium heterosporium^ Grev. Ed, Phil. Journ,
i^fide Fr,).

On dead capsules of Gentiana campestris, Dr. Greville. — Tufts
thin, indeterminate. Flocci branched, flexuous, intricate; branches
divergent, obtuse. Sporidia few, 1 — 2-septate, intermixed with some
which are more minute. I suppose there must be some error in the
citation of Fries, as I have in vain looked over all the volumes of the
Edinburgh Phil. Journ., and can find no notice of the plant. I have
therefore copied the information given by Fries.*

2. T.roseunii \Jk. (rose-coloured Trichothecium); flocci branched
csespitoso-intricate covering the rose-coloured oblong uniseptate
sporidia. Grev. Fl, Ed, p. 465. Sc, Crypt, Fl, U 172. Fr,
Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 427.

On sticks, herbaceous plants, &c. Not uncommon.

134. OiDiUM. Lh. Oidium.

Sporidia simple, more or less oval, arising from the terminal
moniliform joints of the flocci. — Name, wov, an egg^ and iihc^
resemblajice.

1. O. dureum, Lk. (^golden Oidiu?n) ; tufts dense at first
villous white at length golden-yellow, fertile flocci breaking up
into oval joints. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 121. Nees, Syst. f, 44. Fr.
Syst. Myc. V. 3. p. 430. — Torula aurea, Corda, I. c. t. S. f.
56. — Mucor querneus, Sow.! t. 378./. 12.

On rotten wood. In the hollow of the Fairlop oak. Sowerby It

should seem, if the figures are to be trusted, that this plant varies much
in colour. Sowerby's plant agrees exactly in this respect with Nees'
figure, being of the beautiful orange-ochre sold under the name of
golden chrome. Viewed with a good lens, it has somewhat of the
botryoid appearance figured by Sowerby, but on analysis it is most
clearly a true Oidium.

2. O.fulviwi, Lk. (taivny Oidiuni) ; tufts dense at first white
and villous at length tawny, fertile flocci breaking up into
oblong-lanceolate joints. Lk. Sp. 1. p. 121. F'r. Syst. Myc.
V. 3. p. 430.— Torula fulva, Corda, I. c. t. 37.

On very rotten wood. King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
— Joints oblongo-lanceolate, the lanceolate form arising from a little
truncate subcylindric apiculus.

* The precise place quoted by Sprengel is " Grev. Edinb. Philos. Journ, 3.
p. 64. t. 1."

Oidium.] FUNGI. 349

3. 0. fructigenum, Sclim. {Fruit Oidium) ; tufts subconipact
at first villous with white branched flocci then with simple
cream-coloured flocci breaking up into oval pellucid joints.
Kuvze and Schm. Myc. Heft. 1. p. 80. t. 2. f, 22. Lk. Sp. 1.
p. 122. Fr. St/St. Myc, v. \.p. 430. DesmJ n. 512. — Torula
fructigena, Pers. Obs. Myc. 1. t. 1./. 7.

On decayed pears, apples, plums, &c. exposed to wet. Apethorpe,
Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — There is a distinct hemispheric
black stroma, resembling a Sclerotiuni. Cream-coloured, greyish, or
tUwn-coIoured.

4. O. monilioides, Lk. (nechlace Oidium) ; tufts loose white
or yellowish, flocci simple breaking up into oval joints. Lk. Sp.
\.p.\22. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 43 1 . — Acrosporivm monilioides,
Nees, f. 49. b. Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p. 211. — Monilia hyalina,
Fr. bhs. \.p. 210. t. S.f. 4.— Torida monilioides, Corda, I. c. t.

34. — IS. joints globose Acrosporiiim monilioides, Grev. ! Scot.

Crypt. FL t. 73. Fl. Ed. p. 469.

On leaves and culms of grasses. Common. — Dr. Greville's plant
has the articulations perfectly globose, in specimens before me ; exactly
as represented in liis figure. Piiccinia minuta, Sow., growing on some
Asterophora, though quoted here by Fries, is surely different.

5. O. erysiphoides, Fr. {Mildew Oidium) ; widely eff*used inde-
terminate white, fertile flocci collected here and there into little
heaps, entirely breaking up into oval-oblong joints. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 430. — SporoiricJium macrosporum, Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 464 Torula hotryoides, Corda, I. c. t. 35.

On leaves of various plants, common. Very destructive to peach-
trees, cabbages, &c. In the former case its progress is sometimes
stopped by powdering the leaves and fruit with sulphur.

6. O. leucoconium, Desm. {small mildew Oidium) ; white, form-
ing eft^ised spots, flocci distinct not jointed below, breaking up
into oval sporidia. Desm. e.vs. n. 303. Ann. d. Sc. Nat. v. 17.
t. 6. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. ;;. 432 — Var. ulmaria, Desm. n. 511.

On leaves of various plants, especially \\o=>cs.—Spor(>trichum
macrofiponim, Grev. ! belongs in part to this species, wiiich is perhaps
too closely allied to the foregoing, for in that 1 always find a short
inarticulate peduncle. I am i\iclined to think that lunger's Ci/lindrO'
sporium conantricum, in his work on the Exanthemata of plants, is
only a state of the present species. Fari/iaria sctuiiiaria. Sow., appears
to nic to be a small imperfect Credo accompanied by a gununy exusion
from the leaves intermixed with either tiiis or the foregoing species.

7. O. fascicuhitum, Berk, {fascicidati Oidium) ; filaments
branched somewhat fasciculate erect forming spreading tufts
white at first, at length of a fine glaucous hue. — Acrosporium

fasciculalum, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 4G9.

On putrefying oranges. J)r. Grcville.—'' Commencing at first in
minute, distiiict, pulverulent spots, whitii speedily become confluent
and deep glaucous." Grev. I. c.

350 FUNGI. [Sepedonium,

133. Bactridium. Kimze, Bactridium.

Flocci septate, tlie ultimate septa swelling here and there
into oblong deciduous 5/>ori<i/a, filled in the centre with a grumous
mass, their apices hyaline — Name, ^ax-^o:/, a staff, and iihog,
resemblance.

1. B. atrovirens, Berk, (dark-green Bactridium) ; flocci forked
pellucid, sporidia lanceolate 1 — 2-septate dark-green.

On the horizontal surface of the stump of a tree which had been
sawn asunder. Winter. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. —
Forming a thin, dark, black-green, minutely granulated stratum. Flocci
white, so slender and transparent as to be seen only with some difficulty.
Sporidia lanceolate with one or more frequently two septa.

134. Sporendonema. Desm. Sporendonema.

Sporidia rather large, disposed in rows within the tubular
pellucid fiocci. — Name, G'jrooog, seed, s\idov, ivithin, and vri'j.a, a
thread,

1. S. Cdsei, Desm. {red cheese-moidd) ; flocci somewhat
branched woven together into pulvinate red tufts. — Desm. An?i,
des Sc. Nat. v. 2. t. 21. Fr. Sj/st. Mtjc. v. 3. p. 435. 3Ioug. Sf
Nest.! n. 998.— 3Iucor crustaceus, Bidl. t. 504. /. 2. — Mucov
caseus, With. v. 4. p. 371. — Sepedonium caseorum, Lh. Sp. 1.
p, 29. — Trichia pohjmorpha, Sow. (in part).

On cheese. Kot very general, at least 1 have had great difficulty in
procuring specimens. — Sporidia globose in my specimens, not elliptic
as figured by Desmazieres.

2. S. musccB, Fr. (^Flij mould) ; flocci simple glued together
into somewhat lobed white tufts. Fr. Si/st. 3Iijc. v. 3. p. 435.

On flies, adhering to leaves, ceilings, &c. Autumn. Extremely
common. — This is the white substance, noticed in Loudon s Mag. Nat.
Hist. V. 7. p. 532. It makes its appearance in httle tufts, oozing out
as it were between the plates of the abdomen.

Tribe 5. Sepedoniei. Mycelium floccose, ivithout any dis^
tinct sporidiferous filaments. Sporidia heaped together, lying
upon and in general springing from the matrix.

135. Sepedonium. Lh. Sepedonium.

Sporidia globose, pellucid, filled with sporidiola, at first
covered by the fiocci of the fleecy mycelium. — Name, (j^jjrsSw;;,
putrescence.

1. S. chrysospermum, Lk. (yellow Sepedonium) ; flocci fleecy
dense white, sporidia golden-yellow not appendiculated. Lk,
Sp. 1. p. 29. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 466. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 198.
Fr, Syst. 3Iyc» v. 3. p. 438. — Eeiicidaria chrysosperma^ Bull,

Fusisporium.'] FUNGI. 351

t. 476. /. 4. — Mucor chrysospermus^ Bull. ^.504. /. 1. Sow,
t. 378./. 13. With. v. 4. p. 370. Part. v. 2 Sf 3. n. 1121.

On decaying fungi. Extremely common. Frequently penetrating
the whole fungus and converting it into yellow dust. — Sporidia globose^
certainly echinulate, at least when dry, as observed by Klotzsch in
Hook. Herb.

2. S. roseum, Fr. (rose- coloured Sepedoniuni) ; flocci fleecy
"white, sporidia red appendiculated. Fr. St/st. Myc. v. 3. p. 438.
Mycogone rosea, Lh. Sp. 1. jo. 29.

On decaying fungi. On Agariciis vellercus. Appin, Captain Car-
michael. Inverary, Klotzsch in Hook. Herb. — More superficial than
the last. Sporidia larger, globose, with a broad pellucid border and a
thick blunt appendage. This should perhaps form a distinct genus, the
sporidia in the young state being apparently attached by the peduncle
to ihe flocci. I have however only seen dry specimens.

13G. FusisPoRiu.M. Lh. Fusisporium.

^^onW/f^ fusiform, pellucid, glued together into heaps resting
on the matrix. Septa none or evanescent. — Name, fusus, a
spindle, and a-o^^og, seed.

1. jp. atrovhens, Berk, {darh-grecn Fusisporiuni) ; flocci
efi'used white, sporidia at first greyish-green then green-black
strongly curved.

On onions. Summer. King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.
^—Sporidia forming about the third of a circle. Originating in little
dot-like spots v»'ith radiating flocci crowned with a gelatinous greyish
mass ; these at length unite and the whole of the centre is occupied
by the sporidia, the border still increasing and quite fleecy if meeting
with any impediment ; at length the whole is green-black and the
border obliterated. This is at least one cause of the mildew which is
so destructive to onions, just before they arrive at perfection.

2. F. cnirantiacum, Lk. (^orange Fusisporium^ ; flocci fleecy
white at length evanescent, sporidia conglutinate slender sliglit-
]y curved. Lk. Sp. \. p. 30. Nees, Syst.f. 40. B. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. ;;. 445. Bcsni ! exs. n. GG4. (o7i bark.)

On decayed cucumbers, gourds, Sec. Ajiethorpc, Norths. Rev. M.
J. Berkeley. — At first clothed with fleecy white branched. //orr/, which
spread beyond the mass of the sporidia, and at length vaniah, leaving a
treinelloid stratum. Sjjoridia septate, se^du evanescent. It does not
always commence in downy patches, but sometimes in little dot-like
gelatinous masses, which at length become confluent, without any
mycelium.

3. F. /lavo-rircns, Fr. (yellow- green Fusisporium) ; spot-like
flocci very delicate evanescent, sporidia aggregatt? fus>ifoini
straight yellow-green. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. jt. 440. — Fusidinm

Jlavo-virensy Ditm. I. c. t. 18. Lk. Sp. ± p. 'J 7. Grtv. Fl. JaI.
p. 464. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 102. /: 2.

On fallen leaves, wood, fungi, cS;f. Not ur.conunon. — Sometimes of

352 FUNGI. [Psiloma.

a sulphur-yellow, in which case it appears to be the plant referred by
Captain Carmichael to F. siilphureuin, Lk,

4. F. griseum, Fr. {grey Fusisporhim) ; spot-like, flocci very-
delicate evanescent, sporidia fusiform straight greyish-white.
Fr. Svsf. Myr. v. 3. p. 447. — Fusidium griseum, Lk. 2. p. 96.
Ditm. I. c. t. 17. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 464. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 102.

On fallen leaves. Extremely common.

5. F. Buxi, Fr. {Box ■ leaf Fusisporiutn) ; heaps small scattered
rose-coloured at first surrounded by erect flocci, sporidia fusi-
form extremely minute becoming paler by age. Fr. Syst. Myc.

V. 3. p. 447 Tubercularia Buxi {young plant). Dec. Fl. Fr,

6. p. 110. — Fusidium Buxi, {old plant). Lk. Sp. 2. p. 97.

On dry Box-leaves. Stibbington, Hunts. Rev. 3L J. Berkeley. —
I have found this plant in the young state only, in which it is a beautiful,
though minute object, and depend therefore entirely on Fries for his
correctness, as to the change which takes place in the .sporiW?^, with
more advanced growth.

137. Epochnium. Lk. Epochnium.
Sporidia heaped together, springing from the matrix and
adnate M'ith it, oblong, apiculate, septate. Flocci of the my-
celiwn effused, intricate, mucedinous ; distinct sporidiferous
flocci none. — Name, st/, tipon, and oyyj'rici, a wild ])ear tree.

1. F.ftmgorum, Fr. (black-green EpocJmium) ; flocci eff^used
very delicate, sporidia pellucid dark-green. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3.
p, 449. — Sporidermium atrum, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 194. —
Sporidesmium atrum^ Desm. ! exs. n. 708.

On ThelephorcB. Very common Forming a thin black-green stratum,

which overruns various Thelephora. Mycelium pellucid, black accord-
ing to Fries, branched, the apices of the short lateral branchlets swell-
ing into sporidia, which are at first uniseptate then biseptate ; they
appear then to fall off and are oblong and subcylindric, obtuse at either
extremity, at length a pedicelliform apiculus is formed, and the septa
are 3 — 5. The plant of Dr. Greville is certainly the same as what I
have in view, as I have ascertained by an authentic specimen from
Captain Carmichael, who referred it to Sporidesmiwn, and I conceive
by so doing misled Dr. Greville, who figured the specimens with Link's
analysis unconsciously impressed upon him. Specimens sent by Dr.
Greville to Fries, equally receded from the true Sporidesmium. 1 am
not at all convinced that the plant is rightly referred by Fries to the
present genus, for the same reason that Arthrinium is excluded ; but as
I am not acquainted with the other species I have given the generic
character exactly after Fries, and leave the matter for future investiga-
tion. The sporidia resemble much those of Corynea. It is to be
observed that the early structure of the plant can only be seen towards
the extreme edge of the patches.

138. PsiLoNiA. Fr. Psilonia.
Sporidia simple, pellucid, not glued together, at first covered

Psilonia.] FUNGI. 353

by the converging twisted flocci of the mycetium* — Name,
^i\ori a spot.

1. P. gilva, {red-grey Psilonici) ; tufts suhrotund compact
reddish-grey inclining to brown, flocci intricate twisted mostly
simple, covering the variously shaped sporidia. Fr. Syst. 3Iyc.
V. 3. p. 431. — Conoplea gilva, Pers. Myc. Ear. \. p. 12.

Of the flat surface of a felled o..k. Southwiek, Norths. Rev. M,

.7. Berheley Masses 1 —2 lines broad, subinnate ; flocci very fine,

curiously twisted together, the external surface finely tomentose, from
their free apices. Sporidia, in my specimens, as in those described by
Sommerfelt, fusiform, though sometimes globose or oval. They are
often collected about the apices of the filaments, being, 1 suppose, washed
tip by rain.

SlJBORDKiiIV. CoNJOiNiYCETES (/cowr, dusl, and (J.v'/.rtg,'dfu7igns.)
— Sporidici produced beneath the epidermis of plants or loithin the
matrix, naked, {icithout any hymenium, perithecium, peridium,
asci, or true sporidijisrous flocci). f

* I take this opportunity of describing two or three productions, which
are refVrrible to Psilouia, when defined so as fo include /''. Buxi. but not as
limited above. The three first have the habit of that plant and of Tiihercidaria
ci/iafa. All). & Schwein. ( Vohitella, Fr. ), but they are not erumpent, and
therefore cannot be placed in the last named genus. It is possible they may
be imperfect Fusisporia, but they are too interesting to pass by entirely
unnoticed. I shall refer them, then, but only provisionally, to Psilonia.

a. P. setosa. Berk, (bristhj Psilonia) ; quite sessile white, mass of sporidia
suiTOunded by and mixed with erect elongated bristles — ylL. setosa, Grev.
Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 268./. 2. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 220.

On wood, stems of lierbaceous i)lants, &c. Api>in. Capt. Carmichael. —
This certainly is not a true JEgerita, as defined by Fries ; indeed the mass of
sporidia is not beset with bristles, but the bristles spring from the base and
penetrate the whole mass. Sporidia globose and fusiform.

b. P. r6sea. Berk, (rose-coloured Psilonia) ; quite sessile wliitisli or bright
rose-coloured, mass of sporidia surrounded by and mixed with erect elongated
bristles.

On Potatoes. Winter and Spring. Apethorpe, King's Cliffe, Norths,

liev. M. J. Berkeley Sporidia elliptic or oblong, larger and slightly curved.

Bristles sharp-pointed, septate. There is a sort of stroma, probably formed
from abortive bristles.

C. P. /iyacint/i6ru»i. Berk, (white slipitate Psilonia) ; very minute white
very shortly but di-itinctly stipitate, mass of sporidia sfuroumlod by bristles.

On hyacinths in glasses nourished by «ater only. King's C'lilVe, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

d. P. densn, l^'vk. (condensed Psihniit) ; S('>'^ilo h(MiiispluM-ical, flocci con-
densed dicliotonious, sporidia at loiii^^tli hjiig fii>ilbrm obscurely septate.

On Potatoes when «juite soft and juicy within. Apetbor|»e, Norths. 7?(f.
M. J. Berkeley — This plimt, though at first siyht very ditferpiit, appears wlieii
compared with P. rosea to be allied, the stroma being more developed and
consisting distinctly of dicholonious erect llocci. The masses are 1^ line
broad, having niurii tin- habit of IVriiiht, brownish at the base within, tbi-ii
dirty-white, outer stiatuni of sporidia pure white ; this with agf is rrddish-
brown and the sporidia, which at first were oblong, are much t-Iongatcd,
blightly curveil, more acute ami obscurely septate.

f In a few species there is a sort of receptacle, wliich liowever is innate and
BO differs from any thing analogous in Ilt/phomycctcM, and in the genus Ailiidium

2 A

354 FUNGI. [Fusarium.

Tribe 1. Tubercularini. Sporidia glued together into cm
enimpent disc.

139. TuBERCULARiA. Todc. Tiiberculai'ia.

Sporidia simple, subglobose, closely packed upon an ernm-
pent distinct more or less stem- like disc. — Name from the
tuberculate form of the species.

1. T. vulgaris, Tode, (^common Tuhercularia) ; erumpent,
stratum of sporidia red, margin naked. Tode, Fung. Meek. 1.
p. 18. /. 30. Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 84. Grev. FL Ed. p. 463.

Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 4G4 Clavaria coccinea, Sow. t. 294.

Purt. V. 2 ^ 3. n. 1068. — SpJicBria tremelloides, With. v. 4. p. 359.
— b. minor. — T. conjluens, 3Ioug. ^ Nest.! n. 576. Baxt.! Ox.
n. 100. — T, discoidea, Fr.! Scler. Suec. n. 256.

On decayed sticks and branches. Extremely common. — Varying
greatly in the length of the receptacle, which is sometimes quite obsolete.
I have seen it on recently felled decorticated trees exactly in the state
mentioned by Fries, with the habit of a Dacrymyces and very highly
coloured, the total absence of the stem arising probably from the hard-
ness of the matrix, h. minor differs only in size and is common on
Robinia Pseudacacia. T. discoidea and T. conjiuens are mere forms.

2. T. granuldta, Pers. (granulated Tuhercularia) ; stratum
of sporidia rugose dirty-red at length brown, margin naked.
Pers. Syn. p. 1 13. Scler. Suec. ! n. 257. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl.
t. 187. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 465.

On dead branches of various trees. Not common. Edinburgh,
Dr. Greville, Berwick, Dr. Johnston. — Sporidia subfusiform. Fries
now considers his T. liceoides, which has been found in Durham by
Dr. Greville, a form of the present species.

3. T. nigricans, Lk. (blackened Ticbercidaria) ; stratum of
sporidia even red at length black, margin naked. Lk. Sp. '2.
p. 102. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p, 466. — Trem. nigricans, Bull,
t. 455. f. 1.

On trunks of trees. King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M.J. Berkeley.—
This is probably only a variety of T. vulgaris.

4. T. dlbida, Berk, (dirty-ivhite Tuhercularia); receptacle
hard at length black simple or confluent within of the same
colour, stratum of sporidia dirty- white.

On oak branches ; left upon the wood when the bark falls off. Oct.
Cotterstock, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— \\hen dry it has a
peculiar semitransparent horny appearance.

140. Fusarium. Lk. Fusarium.

Sporidia simple, at length fusiform, acuminate, somewhat

there is a distinct sac of a cellular structure, the nature of which is very im-
pprfectly understood.

Ncemaspora.'l FUNGI. ^55

curved, glued together into an innato-erumpeiit inimarginate
discoid stratum. — Name, /?<5?/5, a spindle,

1. F» tronelloides, Grev. (^Tremella-like Ftisarhini) ; hemi-
spherico-depressed soft orange-red. stroma not distinct, sporidia
very long pellucid curved. Grev. Sc. Cnjpt. Fl. t. 20. Baxt. !
Ox. n. 30. Fr. Sf/st. 3Iyc. v. 3. p. 470.— Tremella UHiccb,
Fers. Syn. p. 628. — Dacrymyces Urticcc^ Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 2.
p. 2S[. Moug. &; Nest. ! n. 39G.

On decaying nettle-stems. Very common. There is a species on
Hypna in the Apj)in collection, which 1 cannot distinguish ; though,
possibly, in recent individuals there might be sufficient characters.

2. F. roseum, Lk. (^rose-coloured Fusarium^ ; hemispherical
rather firm rose-coloured, stroma convex, sporidia pale nearly
straight. Lk. Sp, "2. p. 105. Fr. Syst. Mijc. v. 3. p. 471.

On the stems of various plants, as Beans, Tulips, Jerusalem Arti-
chokes, &c. Apethorpe, Norths. Mev. M. J. Berkeley. — Forming
little gregarious red dots.

141. CoRYNEUM. AVe5. Coryneum.

Sporidia fusiform (or clavate), multiseptate, adnate by a
pedicel, densely and vertically crowded into a disc, at first glued
together Name, xo^yv?;, a club.

1. C. pulviudtu?n, Schm. (pulvinate Coryneum) ; disc convex,
sporidia oval. Myc. Heft. 1. t. 2./. 18. Moug. 4- Nest. ! n. 574,
— C. umbonatum (pulvinatuni), Fr. Syst. Myc. v. S. p. 474.

On twigs of Sycamore. Oundle, Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

2. C. macrosporium^ Berk, {long-seeded Coryneum') ; sporidia
fusiform 7 — 12-septate pellucid above greatly elongated and
curved back.

On beech twigs. Apethorpe, Norths, Ttev. M. J. Berkeley. — Disc
slightly depressed, articulations of the sporidia with a central paler .«pot.
Thi.s very curious species approaches somewhat in structure to L\
iiiarginatuyn.

Tribe 2. Stilbosporei. Sporidia glued together into a
nucleus, without any perithecium, under the cuticle of plants, at
length bursting forth together with the gelatine or free.

142. NiEMASPORA. Fr. Niemaspora.

Sporidia simple, coloured, collected into a cellular nucleus,
at length flowing forth together with the gelatine in the form
of tendrils. — Name, vrtiMo., a thready and (Ttopo;, seed.

1. iV. crorea, Pers. (saffron-yellow Nnnaspora') ; nu<It'U«;
pallid, sporidia (at length) curved very slender orangr. I\rs.
Syn. p. 109. Scler. Succ. .' n. 107. Moug. S)- Ne.st. .' n. 177.
(in the specimens* before me sporidiferous). Desm. Ann. drs Sr.
Nat. r. 19. t. 5./. 3. (conidiferous). — Sphcrria profusay Sow. ' t.

356 FUNGI. [Stilbospora.

377. (conidiferous). — Libertella faginea, Desm. I. c.f. 5. (spori-
diferous).

On trunks of beech-trees. Common. — In an imperfect state it is a
mere gelatinous mass of minute globose conidia ; the perfect sporidia
are strongly curved.

2. N. RoscBy De^m. (semicircular-seeded Ncemaspora) ; sporidia
curved into a semicircle very slender orange. Fr. Syst Myc.
V. 3. p. 479. — Libertella Bosce, Desm. I. c. f, 6. — b, SyringfE,
heaps round.

b. On branches o^Syringa vulgaris. Apethorpe, Norths. Rev. M.
J. Berkeley. — There seems to be no essential difference between the
plant on the Lilac, and that on Roses. The sporidia are very delicate,
semicircular, and flaccid, so as to resemble minute worms, of an orange-
flesh colour.

143. Septoria. Fr, Septoria.

Sporidia fusiform, septate, orig-inating beneath the cuticle,
oozing forth. — Name, septum, a partition.

1. S. Ulmi, Kunze, (Elm-leaf Septoria) ; spots brown, heaps
of sporidia small scattered, cirrhi dirty-white, sporidia nearly
straight subquadriseptate. Kiwze, Myc. Heft. 2. p. 107. Lk.
Sp. 2. p. 87. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Ft. <. 1 12. Fr. El. 2. jo. 118.

On elm-leaves. Common. — My reasons for following Desmazieres
in placing Septoria in the present situation have been stated in a former
portion of this volume. The name has been altered from Septaria to
Septoria, as the former appellation has been used for a genus of Gas-
teropodous Mollusca.

2. S. OxyacdnthcB, Kunze. (Hawthorn Septoria) ; spots pur-
ple, tendrils yellow, sporidia very long 8 — 12-septate curved.
Kunze, Myc. Heft. 2. p. ] 09. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 88.

On living hawthorn leaves. Not uncommon.

Q. S. jFgopodii, Desm. (Gout-weed Septoria) ; epiphyllous,
spots pale, pustules globular black very visible on the under
surface, sporidia long curved. Desm.! n. 616.

On leaves of JEgopodium Podagraria. About Berwick, Dr.
Johnston, in whose plant (communicated as a doubtful state o^ Sphceria
^gopodii), the sporidia are discharged in distinct tendrils.

144. St'iLBosPORA. Pers. Stilbospora.

Sporidia septate (septa sometimes evanescent), filled with
sporidiola, glued together into a nucleus without any proper
perithecium, at length bursting forth and free — Name, ctiX^m, to
shine, and ctto^o;, seed.

1. S. asterosperma, Pers. (star-seeded Stilbospora) ; stroma
floccoso-grumous, sporidia stellate. Pers. Syn. p. 96. Hoffm.

Fl. Germ. 2. t. 13./. 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 484 Astero-

sporium Hoffmanni, Moug. 8^ Nest. n. 669.

Melanconium.] FUNGI. 367

On twigs of beech. Extremely common. — Easily known by its stellate
pointed conical sporidia.

2. S. ovdta, Pers. (ovale Stilbospora) ; stroma scarcely any,
sporidia ovate triseptate, septa sometimes obsolete. Pers. Obs.
1. t. 2. /. 2. Grev, Sc. Cr. FL t. 212. /. 2. Fr. Syst. Myc.
r. 3. jo. 485. — Stilbospora pyriformiSf Hoffm. Fl. Germ. 2. t, 13.

f. 2. Fr, ! Scler. Siiec. n. 214.

On sticks. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Oundle, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — My specimens accord exactly with those
published by Fries, being ovate or, more correctly speaking, obovate,
3-septate, minutely truncate at the base and sometimes elongated, as
if in an early stage of growth they were pedicellate. Dr. Greville's
plant has no septa, and he informs us that the sporidia are shorter than
in that of Fries.

3. S. magna. Berk, (large Stilbospora) ; sporidia oval or sub-
ovate not septate. — Ncemaspora magna, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t,
349. — N. carpi?iea, Baxt. ! n. 76. — Sphceria Carpini^ Sow. t.
376. Purt. V. 3. p. 286.

On trunks of hornbeam and walnut. Not uncommon^ Sometimes
covering the whole trunk. — This species comes nearest to ^S". ovata, from
which, however, it is very different. I refer it to the present genus,
rather than to Melanconium, on account of its rather large, decidedly
ovate sporidia. As a species, it is very distinct and not a mere form
of various species, with the sporidia oozing out in long tendrils, in con-
sequence of some particular conditions of moisture.

145. DiDVMOSPoRiUM. Nees. Didymosporium.

Sporidia uniseptate, glued together into a nucleus, without
any perithecium, at length bursting forth and free. — Name,
bid'jfug, double, and o'rrooog, seed.

1. P. p7'ofusum, Grev. (profuse Pidymosporium) ; stroma
none, sporidia oblong uniseptate very minute black. Grev.
Syn. Gen. c^- Sp. p. 3. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 489 Stilbo-
spora profusa, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. /. 212./. 1.

On branches of sycamore. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Ap-
pin, Captain CarmichacL

2. D. flcvdtum, Lk. (raised Pidymosporium) ; stroma sub-
conic pallid, sp(U"idia oval. Lk. Sp. )1. p. 94. Fr. Syst. Myc.

V. 3. p. 486 D. betulinnm, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 273. —

Melamonium bctulinum, Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 670. Scler. Sncc. f
n. 299.

On twigs of birch, common.

146. Melan'coxil'.m. Lk. Melanconium.

Sporidia globose (or subgiobose) simple, glued together into
a nucleus without any perithecium, at length oozing fortli and
free. — Name, (lO.u;, black, and xow;, dust.

358 FUNGI. [Aregma.

1. 31. sphceroideicm, Lk. {sphceroid Melanconium) ; stroma ele»
vated latent, sporidia compact globose (or subglobose) very-
small pellucid. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 92 — Stilbospora microspermay
3Ioug. &; Nest. ! n. 384.

On branches. Appin. Captain Carmichael. — The sporidia^ in
Captain Carmichael's specimens, like those of Mougeot and Nastier,
are not truly globose but inclined to oval. I have however, seen speci-
mens from Mougeot, marked Stil. microsperma, Pers. which are identi-
cal with my StiIbospo?'a magna.

Tribe 3. Sporidesmiei. (ccto^o;, seed^ and ^sc/ao^, Vi chain.)
Sporidia chained together intojiocci, at length free.

147. Aregma. Fr. Aregma.
Sporidia moniliformi-connate, opaque, with very long free
pellucid peduncles, at length separating from each other, con-
taining a single globular mass. — ^^^ame, a, wiihoutj and ^rtyfLUi
an opening^ from the sporidia separating entire.

1. A. bulbositm, Fr. {Bramble Aregma) ; sporidia about 4,
the terminal one sterile apiculate, peduncles incrassated and
bulbous at the base. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 497. — Phrag-
inidium incrassatittn, var. 2. bulbositm, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 85. — Puc-
ciiiia Rubi, Sow. t. 400. / 9. Moug. ^ Nest.! 9i. 193. Grev.
Fl. Ed. p. 428. Baxt. ! 33.— P. mucronata, (3. Pers. Syn. p.
230 — P. Eosce, var. 3. Purt. v. 3. p. 301.

On the under side of the leaves of Rubus fruticosiis and its allies.
Extremely common. — Always, I believe, like the other epiphyllous spe-
cies, springing from an Uredo.

2. A. grdcile, Grev. {slender Aregma) ; sporidia 7 — 9, the
terminal one sterile apiculate, stem slender incrassated at the

base Puccinia gracilis, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 428. Baxt. ! n. 39.

— P. Rubi-Idcei, Dec. Fr. v. 6. p. 54.

On the under side of Raspberry leaves. About Edinburgh, Dr.
Greville. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Rumbling Brigg, Dr. Hooker.
Oxford, Baxter.

3. A. mucrondtum, ¥i\ {Bose-leaf Aregma) ; sporidia 5 — 7,
terminal one sterile mucronate, peduncles incrassated below
fusiform. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 497. — Phragmidium incros-
satum, var. 1. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 85. — Puccinia mucronata, a. Pers.
I, c.~P, BoscB, Moug. ^ Nest.! n. 293. Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL
t. 15. Fl. Ed. p. 428. Purt. v. 3. t. 28. n. 1551. Baxt.!
n. 37.

On the leaves of various Roses. Autumn. Frequent.

4. A. acuminatum, Yv . {Burnet Aregma) ; terminal sporidium
sterile acuminate, peduncles equal. Fr. Ob. 1. p. 226. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 497. — Phragmidium intermedium, Lk. Sp. 2. p.
85.

On Poterium Sanguisorba, Isle of Wight. July. JRev. M. J. Bfrkcley.

Torula.-] FUNGI. 359

5. A. ohtiisdtum, Fr. (obtuse Aregma) ; terminal sporidiuin
sterile obtuse, peduncles equal. Fr. Syst. Myc, v. 3. p. 497.
— Phragmidium obtusimi, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 84. — Pucciiiia Poten-
tillcE, Pers, Syn. p. 229. Grev. Sc. Crypt PL t. 37. PL Ed.
p. 428.— P. FragaricB, Part. ! v. 3. 7i. 1554.

On Potentilla Fragariustrum, &c. Rossyln, Dr. Greville.— It has
been found also by Mr. Purton.

148. ToRULA. Pers. Torula.
Sporidia cbained together into monilifoim erect flocci, with-
out any common peduncle, filled within with a grumous mass.
— Name, torus, a tivisted cord.

1. T, antenndta, Pers. (antennce-form Torula) ; sporidia oval
obtuse at either end, flocci aggregate. Pers. Myc. Eur. 1. /?.
21. Corda, I. c. t. 39. Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 501 — Monilia
cnitemiata, Grev. Sc. Crypt. PL t. 245.

On wood and sticks. Not uncommon. — Dr. Greville's figure is ex-
cellent, the obtusencss of the sporidia is much exaggerated in that of
Corda. The sporidia have I — 3 transverse bands; I find, in general,
three.

2. T. moniliokles, Cord, {nechlace-like Torula) ; sporidia ob-
long-elliptic, flocci subefl^use erect aggregate simple jet-black.
Corda, I. c. t. 38.

On sticks. Appin, Captain Carmichael. — Klotzsch (in Hook.
Herb.) has drawn this species with two sporidiola ; I have, however,
in vain sought for such an appearance.

3. T. ovalispora, Berk, (smaller antennce-form Torula) ; spo-
ridia broadly oval pale minute, flocci densely aggregate.

On wood. Very common, often accompanied by some Pcziza. —
Sporidia many times shorter than in 2\ antennata and much paler,
imcler the microscope of a broader form and not distinctly truncate.
It forms little flat roundish, at length conlkient patches, of a brownish-
l>Iack hue with sometimes a glaucous bloom externally. I cannot help
susi)ccting that this and not the first species is the Domitium antenna-
fornie of Hoffmann.

4. T.Erioplmri, licrk. (Cotton-rush Torula); sporidia niiimle
elliptic rather pointed distinct, flocci crowded into a round
minute tubercle.

Oil (leail leaves oi Eriophorum anguslifoUiim. King's Cliffe, Norths.
li(v. M. J. Bnhtliy.— lUiblt exactly that of Arthrinium Caricis.

5. T. lierbdrwn, Lk. (green-black Torula) ; sporidia globose
green then black, flocci aggregate not strongly moniliforni.
Pers. Myc. Eur. \. p. 121.^ Lk. Sp. I. p. 128. Grev. PL Ed.
p. 4(i9. Cord. I. c. t. 48.

On stems of herbaceous |)lants, especially UmhtUiftru-. — Forming
ilat sooty patches, variegated with olive-green; flocci branched.

G. T. cylimlrica, Berk, (even-threaded Tond.i) ; efl'used,
tiireads not moniliform. sporidia fascialed.

360 FUNGI. [Spiloccea.

On sticks. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Norths. Rev. M. J.

Berheley Sporidia united four together, into short equal cylindrical

flocci, which resemble in some states those of Arthrinium. It appears
like a thin black wash on the bark of sticks. This species recedes from
the usual characters of Torula^ and will hereafter probably constitute a
distinct genus.

149. Spiloc^'a. Ft. Spilocsea.

Sporidia simple, closely adnata to the matrix and to each
other, at first covered by the epidermis — Name, C'Triy.og, a spot,

1. S. P6mi,Fi'. (Apple Spa ocGna) ; epidermis breaking up
into fragments, spots effuse contiguous. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 86. Fr,
Sijst, Myc. V. 3. p. 504.

On applet. Aug. King's Clifte, Norths. Etv. M'. J. Berheley. —
Sporidia pyriform, sometimes strongly constricted. I have not seen
Fries' specimen in Scler. Stiec, but I have no doubt that my plant is
the same with his.

Tribe 4. Hypodermii. (ucro, beneath^ and Ss^/xa, tlie cuticle^
Sporidia free or sfipitate, springing from beneat'i the cuticle of living
plants.^

* I cannot adopt'tiie character of Fries, which begins, "no proper vegeta-
tion, sporidia arising from an anamorphosis of the cells of living vegetables."
If this were really the case, however interesting in a physiological point of
view, these productions ought to be excluded entirely from the list of P\ingi,
on tl)3 same principle by which the exclusion of Eritieum is justified. Th«
evidence, however, to be collected from observations instituted with an express
view to the point, appears to me to be in favour of their being considered as
true plants. As the matter is of some interest, it may not be out of place to
lay some portion of such evidence before our readers. It has already been
stated, in the Introduction, that the experiments of Eauer and others, and the
practice of steeping seed-corn, tend to show that they are propagated by
sporidia, and if so that they are true Fungi.

Brongniart, some years since, instituted an inquiry into the nature of Uredo
i-egetiim, Pers. which is published in Ann. des Sc. Nat. v. 2. p. 171. He found
iiie part attacked to be not the seed but the peduncle or axis of the spikelet,
the essential parts of the flower being raised up by it, and reduced to a rudi-
inental state. The axis is formed of elongated cellular tissue, consisting of
juxta-posed cellules without perceptible intercellular spaces and of fibro- vascu-
lar bundles, composed of greatly elongated cells of false trachese and tracheee.

In the fleshy mass occupied by the Uredo, there is nothing analogous, at
Mhatever epoch it is observed, but it consists entirely of uniform tissue, pre-
senting large almost quadrilateral cavities, separated by walls, composed of one
or two layers of very small cells, filled with a compact homogeneous mass of
very minute granules, perfectly spherical and equal, slightly adhering to one
another, and at first green, afterwards free or simply conglomerate towards
the centre of each mass and of a pale rufous hue^ at length the cellular walls
disappear, the globules become completely insulated, and the whole mass is
changed into a heap of powder, consisting of very regular globules, perfectly
alike, black, and just like the reproductive bodies of other fungi. From
which he concludes that the production is a real fungus and not a mere modi-
lication of the tissue.

Tills is only an examination of a single species, and perhaps the inference of
Brongniart may not be considered by all equally conclusive; for though it is
clear that the globules are not modifications of the cells, it is not equally clear
that they are not modifications of the granules contained in the cells, the ordi-
nary structure of the axis being deranged ; for in U. olivacea, Dec. there

Gytnnosporanghaii.'] FUNGI. 361

150. Gymnospokanoium. Dec. Gymnosporangium.

Sporidia uniseptate, stalked, growirjg- from the erumpent
stroma which is formed from the matrix, and agglutinated by
gelatine into an irregular naked expanded mass. — Name, /u/xvoj,
naked.^ and sporangium.

I. G. Juniperi, Lk. {common Juniper Gymnosporangium).
NeesJ. 23. a. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 127. Fr. St/sL BIyc. v. 3. p. 506.
— Tremellajuniperina, Linn. Suec. p. 428.

are distinct traces of the fibro- vascular bundles, and if 1 mistake not some-
times even in U. ser/etiim. A work, however, has been lately published, con
taining an account of very extended observations on numerous species, by
Unger, entitled '' Die Exantheme der PHanzen und Einige mit diesen ver-
wandte Krankbeiten der Gewachsen," V'ienne, 1823, in which an attempt is
made to show tliat the Hypodermous Fungi are merely cutaneous disorders of
vegetables, analogous to tliose of animals, arising from a derangement of the
respiratory functions. Extracts of this are given in Ann. des Sc. Hat. n. s.
V. 2. p. 193, and it is to these I am indebted for my knowledge of the work, as
1 have not met with the book itself. His reasoning appears to me most incon-
clusive, and the main result of bis investigations is, that they are not moditi-
ciitions of cellular tissue, and that they almost always originate at the stomata,
the organs which serve for the gazeous and vaporous exhalations of plants.
Tlie intercellular spaces, according to M. Unger, are gorged with the super-
abundant juices, which coagulate; one of these either immediately beneath
the epidermis, or the first, second or third layer of cells becomes larger than
the rest, and the mass with which it is replete', is resolved into grains, which
originate from the centre towards the circumference, producing in fact, an
Uredo ; sometimes the mass acquires an enveloping cellular membrane, and
then is resolved as before from the centre to the circumference into granules,
such productions being what authors refer to JEcidium ; the origin of this
pseudo-peridium is obscure, but as, if JNI. Unger be correct, it is perfected
before the granules, it is most probably given out iVom tlie surrounding cellular
tissue, in consequence, as he expresses it, of a reaction of the mass of coagulated
juice against their walls; and it is not to be considered a single stratum of
sporidia soldered together, as has sometimes been supposed. Its nature has
not however been at present sufiiciently investigated. It frequently is mudi
elongated above ; and it would be interesting to observe the change which
takes place in the form and size of its component ct-lls during the progress of
its development. It is at any rate quite clear that it is not a mere modification
of the cuticle alone; wliatever relati(»n it may bear to the subjacent cells of the
parenchyme. In a third citse iigain, the granules are stipitate aiid sometimes
much elongated and septate, forming Puccinia, &c. In an early stage it is
probable that the greatei- j)ortion of Urcdines have the granules stipitat*- ;
some are so, and tliose very (li^tin{•t from Pucciniic, as well as others wliicli
are doubtful, even after the epidermis is ruptured. There is nothing to sliow
that such pnKluctions are a mere organization of this copious supply of nutri-
tious juices; analogy is decidedly ngainst such a notion; and indeed as it
appears to me, tin' otnclusimi to In- drawn by any mind not prcposscNsed with
a predilection for doctrines kindred to that of i'(|uivo(;il generation, is simply
that in the juesent state of knowledge the Ili/pndirmii are as much entitled to
lank amongst Eungi as any other species. Any conclusion to the contrary is
at present mere assertion. indeed too much is proved by M. Unger's inves-
tigations, for, accordini,' to his own testimony, certain Muccdims spring from
Stomula, as well as what be c(»nsiders mere eruptions, and the assertion that
the one arise from putrefaction and the other from a sort of lermenl.ition, is
little more than stating the fact that the one spring generally from dead and
the otlnr from living vegetables. Whatever may be thought, however, of the

views entertaineil Ity M. I'nuer, tl tion «»f Tries that su( li proihntions

are merely altered ci-llnlar tissue, is certainly altogether disj. roved, and it my
own opinions coincided with those put forth by M. I iiiier, it certainly uonld
be most unjustifiable, witli no belter evidence, and 1 kno\> of none such, to
pass over in silence the numerous recor<led species.

362 FUNGI. [Podisoma.

On living twigs of Juniperus com?/iimis. Nornianton, Rutls. JRcv.
T. K. Bonney, Archdeacon of Leicester. — Sent with Podisoma Juni-
peri communis, which militates against the assertion of Fries that the
two plants are not found in the same locality. Forming a very soft
gelatinous irregular orange mass, which dries up, so as frequently to
leave scarcely any trace. Sporidia ovate or subelliptic, filled with sub-
globose granules.

151. Podisoma. Lk. Podisoma.

Sporidia mostly uniseptate, stalked, stalks joined together
into a common stem, above agglutinated by gelatine into a naked
vertical clavariseform mass. — Name, 'ttou;, a footy and (Jw^aa, a
body,

1. P. Juniperi communis, Fr. (common Juniper Podisoma) ;
orange clavariseform somewhat branched, stroma simple. Fr.
Syst. Myc. V. 3. p. 508. — Tremella clavaricsfor?nis, Pers. Syn.
p. 629.— T. liyularis, Bull. t. 427. /. 1 T. SaUnm, var. 2.

With. V, 4. p. 68.

On living branches o^ Jimiperiis co?n?nunis. Nornianton, Rutls. Pev.
ArcJi. Bonney. — Specimens also exist in Mr. Sowerby's Herbarium. —
This species has the habit of Calocera. Sporidia very long, lanceo-
late, resembling, as Fries observes, two cones applied to each other by
their bases, filled with elliptic granules.

2. P.foliicolumy Berk. (Ju7iiper-leaf Podisoma) ; epiphyllous
brown-black, masses subglobose or subelliptic, sporidia multi-
septate.

On living leaves of Juniperus communis. Sent by 3Ir. Wilson to

Dr. Hooker Masses subelliptic or irregular, dark-brown-black, con-

sisting'of radiating, crowded, very slender, agglutinated filaments, each
bearing an elliptic or clavate, very obtuse sporidium, with 3 — 5 septa.
Some of the filaments are simply clavate and barren. This very inter-
esting species is a beautiful link between Podisoma and Puccinia. I
have seen very few specimens, all of which have the masses depressed ;
but as this is the case with other species of the genus in an early stage
of growth, it is possible that when further advanced, they might acquire
a clavate form. I refer it to the present genus rather than to Gymno-
sporangium, to which technically it is more easily referrible, on account
of the close resemblance of the sporidia to those of the following
species.

3. P. Juniperi Sahince, Fr. (Savine Podisoma) ; red-brown
tuberculiform and clavate simple, stroma obliterated. Fr. Syst.
Myc. V. 3. p. 508— P. Juniperi, Nees,f. 15. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 127.
— Puccinia Jimiperi, Pers. Disp. t. 2. f. 1. — Tremella Sahince,
Dicks. \.p. 14. Eng. Bot. ^.710. With. v. A. p. 68. Purt.
2^2. n. 883.

On living branches of Juniperus Sabina. Not uncommon. — Spo-
ridia obovate, uniseptate, figured, however, by Nees, as multiseptate.
If Sir J. E. Smith had ever examined a morsel of this plant, under the
microscope, he could not have entertained the opinion that it is a mere
gummy exudation.

Puccinia.

FUNGI. 363

152. Puccinia. Pers. Puccinia.

Sporidia 1 — 2 septate, adnate witli tlie matrix by a filiform
peduncle, and crowded into a tubercle, which is at first covered
by the epidermis. — Named horn Puccini, a Florentine Professor,
firsit applied by jNIicheli to Podisoma Jiiniperi SahincB.

1. P. Grdminis, Pers (3Iildew); spots pale diffuse, sori linear
confluent amphigenous, sporidia at length black. Pers.! Disp.
t. 3. /. 3. 3Ioug. 4 Nest. J n. 675. Grev. FL Ed. p. 433.—
Uredo Friimenti, Soiv. t. 140. Banhs. Ann. Bot. v. 2, p. b\.
with figures by Bauer. Part. v. 2. w. 1 128. — /3. Arundinis, sori
broad. Moug. ^ Nest. n. 592. — P. arundinacea, Johnst. Fl.
Bene. 2. p. 195.

On leaves and culms of corn and grasses. — /3. on Reeds. — Most in-
jurious to corn. Sporidia in «. clavate, very slightly constricted at the
septum ; in /3. more constricted, and furnished with longer stalks.

2. P. slriola, Lk. (sfreak-lihe Puccinia) ; spots pallid, sori
linear crowded distinct amphigenous subconvex, sporidia at
length black. Lk. Sp. 2. ^. 67. Desm. ! n. 614.— P. Caricis,
Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 60 P. caricina, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 433.

On Carices, Junci, Alliti, &c. Very common. — I am not quite con-
vinced that the plants on Carices and Junci ought to be considered as
identical; in the former tiie sporidia are oblong and slightly constricted,
in the latter obovate and not at all constricted. I should prefer uniting
the former with P. Grarninis.

3. P. Aspdragi, Dec. (^Asparagus Puccinia) ; spots none,
sori red-brown cauline rarely epiphyllous scattered and crowded
ovato-oblong puivinate surrounded by the longitudinally burst
epidermis, stem white long filiform, sporidia oblong obtuse con-
stricted. Dec. Fl. Fr. 2. p. 595. Moug. S)- Nest.! 7i. 392.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 429. Dtib. Syji. p. 889.

On dead stems of Asparagus and Cabbages. Edinburgh, Dr.
Grcville.

4. P. Polggonortim, Lk. (Polggonum Puccinia) ; s])ols yel-
lowish, sori minute crowded into orbicular patches nearly plane
liypophyllous, sporidia brown black. Lk. Sp.2. p. 69. Joknst.
11. Btrw. 2. p. 195. — P. Polifgoni amphibii, Pers. ! Sipi. p.
'l-n.^P. Polggoni, Grev. FL Ed. p. 430.

On various Pithjijima. Very common. — Sporidia obovate-oblong,
frc(juently, but nut always, constricted, so that the upper joint is globose.

5. P. Vagindlium, Lk. (Knot-grass Puccinia); spots none, sori
subrotund or oblong hypogenous or cauline convex, at first
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, sporidia brown. Lk.
Sp. 2. p. 69.— P. Polggoni avicularifCj Pers. Si/n. p. 227. — P.
Avicularifr, drcv. Fl. Ed. p. 429. Joknst. Fl.Ikrw. ± p. 195.

On Pohigomnn avicuUnr. About lulinburgh. Mts.sra. Ilookir
and (ircville. lUrwick. Ih . Jnhnstmt.

364 FUNGI. [Puccinia.

6. P. Primul(S, Grev. {Priynrose Puccinia) ; hypogenous
deep brown solitary, scattered or concentric and subconfluent,
sporidia rather slender, their lower cell attenuated into a short
stem. Grev. ! Fl. Ed. p. 432.

On Primula vulgaris. Kirkcaldy, Dr. Greville Sporidia obovate-

oblong, slightly constricted. This is not the same with P. Primulce,
Duh. Sijn. p. 891, to which he refers U. PrimulcB, Dec.

7. P. Veronicdrum, Dec. (^Speedwell Puccinia) ; spots yel-
lowish, sori hypog-enous subglobose, the greater part aggregate
or circinating, the central one large, sporidia brown. Dec. FL
Fr. 2. p. 594. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 71. Johnst.! Fl. Beriv. 2. p. 194

On Veronicce. Pease Bridge, Berw. Dr. Johnston. — Sporidic
obovate, oblong, more or less constricted.

8. P. Glechomatis, Dec. ( Ground-Ivy Puccinia) ; spot*
brownish, sori subrotund scattered convex hypogenous nearly
plane, sporidia brown. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 56. Lk. Sp. 2, p.
71. Purt. 31 SS. — Dicceoma verrucosum, Nees^f. 12.

On Ground Ivy. Purton Sporidia rather short, subelliptic,

scarcely at all constricted.

9. P. Menthce, Pers. {3Iint Puccinia) ; spots obliterated, sori
small subrotund scattered various in size nearly plane hypoge-
nous, sporidia at length black, peduncles short. Pers. Syn. p.
227. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 71. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 430. Johnst. Fl.
Bene. 2. p. 195.

On Mints. Very common Sporidia subglobose or 3 — 4-angular.

10. P. ScorodonicB, Lk. (luood-sage Puccinia) ; spots obliter-
ated, sori minute running together into large subrotund patches,
sporidia cinnamon, peduncles very long. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 72.
Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 194.

On Teucriuju Scorodonia. Berw., Dr. Johnston.

11. P. BetoniccE, Dec. (^Betony Puccinia) ; spots obliterated,
sori subrotund aggregate surrounded by the annular epidermis
concave after the dispersion of the pale brown sporidia, hypo-
genous, peduncles minute. Dec. FL Fr. 6. p. 57. Lk. Sp. 2.
p. 72. Grev. FL Ed. p. 431. Purt. MSS.

On Betonica officinalis. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. It has
also been found by Purton. — Spo?'idia short, obovate-elliptic, very pale,
peduncles very short. The whole mass appears ferruginous.

12. P. Vincce, Berk. (^Periwinkle Puccinia); hypogenous,
spots yellowish, sori thickly scattered subrotund surrounded by
the ruptured epidermis, sporidia brown oblong slightly con-
sitricted lower cell slightly attenuated, peduncle very short.

On Vinca major. Isle of Wight. July. Rev. M. J. Berkeley.—
The leaves on which it grows are slightly thickened. With the septate
sporidia, others are intermixed which are ovate or subelliptic, without
any septum or peduncle, like those of Uredo VinccB.

Paccinia,] FUNGI. 365

13. P. Campdnulce, Cdvm. (Bell-Jioiver Puccinia) ; hypoge-
nous, sori large irregular buUate crowded, for a long time
covered with the epidermis and at length surrounded by it,
sporidia oblong-ovate or slightly constricted, peduncle very
short. Carm. MSS.

On Campanulce. Appin. Captain CannicJiael.-~^'^o\.s, apparently
none.

14. P. clandestina, Carm. (^minute Puccinici) ; spots yellowish,
sori extremely minute distinct but collected together npon the
spots in great numbers, dark brown, epidermis evanescent, spo-
ridia oblong very slightly constricted with a distinct peduncle.
Carm. 3ISS.

On Scahiosa succisa. Appin. Captain Carmichael. — This may
possibly be the same with P. succiscB, Kunze, but according to the de-
scription it should seem to be distinct.

15. P. Compositdrum, Schlecht. (Compositce Puccinia) ; spots
obliterated or white, sori subrotund small subconvex generally
hypogenous surrounded by the epidermis, sporidia brown, pe-
duncles short. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 75. Jo/mst. PL Beriv. 2.j). 196.
— p. CentaurecB, Grev. PL Ed. p. 430.

On CcntaurecB, &c. Not uncommon. — Sporidia oval, scarcely con-
stricted, the lower cell not attenuated. ,

16. P. Syngeiiesidrwn, Lk, (^SijngenesicB Puccinia) ; spots
obliterated, sori minute covered with the bullate epidermis,
then nearly plane, forming a large compound subrotund patch,
sporidia brown, peduncles very short. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 74. Johnst.
PL Berw. 2. p. 97.

On Thistles. Dr. Johnston I have not seen specimens of the

plant on thistles. That on Goats' Beard, referred to this species, is
surely not the true plant.

17. P. glomerdta, Grev. (^conglomerate Puccinia) ; spots pale
hypogenous, sori orbicular depressed broad dark fuscous com-
pounded of many smaller ones confluent at the centre, sporidia
oblong, the lower cell somewhat attenuated.

On Scnecio JacohcBa. Coast of Fife. Dr. Greville. Bungay.
Mr. Stock. — There are scarcely two sporidia alike in the same heap.

18. P. variabilis, Grev. (variable Puccinia) ; amphigonous,
sori minute nearly black orbicular bordered by the ruptured
epidermis, sporidia variable very obtuse round, cells often sub-
divided, stem very short. Grev. Sc. Cnjpt. PL t. 75. PL
Ed. p. 431. Johnst. PL Dcriv. '2. p. lOG.

On Li'ontodon Taraxactitn. Abont ICdinburgh, Dr. Gririllr.
Berw., Dr. Johnston. The species is not uncommon in Scotland.— It
agrees in character with Link's genus Triphrafjmium.

19. P. ValdntifT, Pcrs. (Cross-wort Puccinia); spots obli-
terated, sori small subrotund convex scattered or crowded,
sporidia cong]<d)ated pale-brown, peduncles short. Ptrs. Si/n.

S66 FUNGI. [Puccinia.

p. -227. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 75. Grev. FL Ed. p. 432 {in part).—
P. Gain crticiati, Johnst. Fl. Beriv. v. 2. p. 196.

On Galium cruciatum. Edinburgh. Di'. Greville. Berwick.
Dr. Johnston. — Sporidia obovate, attenuated below, the upper joint
globular, easily separating.

20. P. Galiorum, Lk. (Bed-straxo Puccinia); spots obliterated
half-covered with and surrounded by the ruptured buUate epi-
dermis, nearly plane scattered hypogenous, sporidia brown.
Lk. Sp. 2. p. 76 P. ValanticB, Grev. I. c. {in part).

On Galium verum. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville.

21. P. tumida, Grev. {swollen Puccinia); hypopliyllous and
on the petioles conglomerated confluent brownish-grey before
bursting, sporidia nearly black obtuse scarcely constricted the
upper cell sometimes subdivided. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 430.

On Bunium Bulbocastamnn and Peucedanum Silaiis. Not uncom-
mon.— Distorting the parts on which it grows: peduncle very short;
sporidia more or less obovate.

22. P. Umhelliferdrum, DQC,(Kex Puccinia) ; spots obliterated,
sori small subrotund scattered nearly plane surrounded by the
ruptured epidermis, sporidia brown shortly pedicellate. Dec.
Fl. Fr. 6. p. 58. Lk. 2. p. 77. Grev. FL Ed. p. 431. Jo/mst.
Fl. Beriv. 2. p. 196.— P. Cheer ophijlli, Purt. v. 3. 7i. 1553.

On various Umhelliferce. Common. — Sporidia short broadly, ellip-
tic, much constricted ; peduncle very short. P. Heraclei ( Grev. ! Sc.
Cr. Fl. t. 42.) does not differ at all in the sporidia, for the figure does
not represent them sufficiently constricted. I regard it as a mere
variety.

23. P. jEgopodii, Lk. {gout-weed Puccinia) ; spots brown,
sori minute subrotund and elongated surrounded by the rup-
tured epidermis often circinating and forming roundish patches,
sporidia brown, peduncles very short. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 77. Grev.
FL Ed. p. 429.

On jFlgopodium Podagraria. Balmuto, Dr. Greville. Oxford.
Baxter.

24. P. Sanicul(B, Grev. {Sanicle Puccinia); hypophyllous
orbicular very variable in size blackish-brown scattered rather
confluent, sporidia very obtuse with a somewhat elongated
peduncle. Grev. / Fl. Ed. p. 431.

On Sanicula Europcea. Auchindenny woods. Dr. Greville. —
** Stem longer ; sporidia not so short. There is a disposition in the
smaller punctiform pustules to form a circle round the larger ones."
Grev. I. c. The difference in the sporidia is, however, very slight.

25. P. Bulldria^ Lk. {hullate Puccinia) ; spots obliterated,
sori subrotund or oblong always covered with the bullate epi-
dermis, sporidia brown, peduncles obsolete. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 78.
Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p. 197 Uredo bullata, Pers. Obs. I. t. 2.

f, 5. — Bullaria umbelliferarum, Dec, FL Fr. v. 2. p. 226.

Pucciniu.] FUNGI. 367

On dry stems of UniheUifcrce. Berwick, Dr. Johnston. Norths.
Rev. 31. J. Berkelcij. — One of the most interesting species. I find a
short peduncle constantly in the specimens before me. It is singular
that a species, with a similar habitat, should occur in America, with ex-
ceedingly long filiform peduncles.

2G. P. Anemones, Feis. (Wi7idJiowcr Piiccinia) ; spots obli-
terated, sori subrotuiid surrounded by the ruptured epidermis
plane scattered ag-gregate and confluent, sporidia brown, pedun-
cles scarcely any. Pers. ! Sf/?i. p. 226. Moug. ^- Nest. I n. 191.
Lk. 2. p. 78. Baxt.! n, 82.

On various species o^ Anetnone. Not uncommon. — Sporidia very
much constricted, consisting of two nearly globose portions, echinu-
late ; peduncles very short.

27. P. Cdlth(B,\j\i. {Marsh-marigold Puccinia) ; spots brown-
ish, sori small subrotund convex surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis scattered or circinating, sporidia brown. Lk. Sp.
'2.]). 79. Johnst. '2. p. 19G.

On Caltha palustris. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Colding-

ham Moor, Berw., Dr. Johnston Sporidia obovate, attenuated below,

slightly constricted, peduncle very short.

28. P. Violdrum, Lk. ( Violet Puccinia) ; spots yellowisli,
sori small crowded covered with the bullate epidermis, and then
surrounded by it generally Jiypogenous, sporidia brown, pedun-
cles very short. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 80. — P. Violce, Dec. Fl. Fr. 6.
p. 62. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 432. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 196.

On Violets. Common. — Sporidia elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly
constricted.

29. P. LT/chnidedrimif Lk. (Lgchnidece Puccinia) ; spots
yellowish, sori subrotund and oblong convex unequal scattered
and circinating rarely confluent hypogenous orcauline, sporidia
white at length brown. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 80. Johnst. ! Fl. Berw.
2. p. 194. — P. caryophgllaccarwn, var. hjchnidea, JJesm.! n. 338.

On leaves and .stems of Lychnidccc. On Lychnis dioira. Dr.
Johnston. On Sarjina procutnbens. Anglesea, iMr. W. Wilson. —
Sporidia elongated, oblong, slightly constricted.

30. P. Sajifragdrum, Schlecht. (^Saxifrage I^uccinia) ; spots
obliterated, sori subrotund scattered crowded and confluent
nearly plane, when young surrounded by the epidermis ainphi-
genous, sporidia red-brown, peduncles very short often obsolete.
Lk. Sp. 2. p. 80.— P. Ado.m, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 432.— P. Chry^
sosplenii, I. c. p. 429.

On Adoxa niosrhattllinu. Not unconwnon. — Sporidia rather .short,
oblong, very slightly constricted.

31. P.Chrysosplcnii, Gvev. (Goldcfi-saxifragc Puccinia) ; hy-
pogenous, sori of various sizes few together and contlucnt i)ah'-
brown, sporidia long somewhat waved mu* h attenuated at either
extremity, peduncle elongated. Grev. ! in Hook. Herb.

368 FUNGI. iPuccinia.

On Chrysospleniian oppositi folium. Balmuto, Dr. Greville. — Evi-
dently distinct from tiie last in its very differently formed sporidia.

32. P. Epilobii, Dec. ( Willow-herb Puccinia) ; spots pale,
sori subrotund crowded hypogenous, epidermis evanescent, spori-
dia effuse cinnamon, peduncles very short. Dec. Fr. 6. p. 61.
Lk. Sp. 2.]), 81. Grev.! FL Ed. p. 431.

On Fpilobimn 2mlust?'e. Duddingston Loch,i)r. G?'eville. King's
Cliffe, Norths. Bev. M. J. Berkeley. — Sporidia broadly elliptic, rather
strongly constricted.

33. P. pulveridenta, Grev. (^pidvertdent Pticcinici) ; hypogen-
ous dark-brown scattered or subconfluent often concentric,
sporidia dust-like obtusely oval slightly constricted in the middle
the lower cell terminating in an abrupt and short peduncle.
Grev.! Fl. Ed. p. 432. Baxt.! n. 81 — Uredo Epilobii, Purt. 3.
n. 1604.

On Epilobium montanum and hirsutum. About Edinburgh, Dr.
Greville. — Sporidia scarcely " obtusely oval," but obovate, slightly
constricted, the lower cell attenuated slightly ; stem not very short.
Certainly nearly allied to the foregoing species, but distinct in the form
of its sporidia.

34. P. Circcece, Pers. {Enchanter s-nigldshade Puccinia) ; spots
obliterated, sori minute semiglobose crowded into subrotund
patches here and there confluent, almost always covered, spori-
dia brown, peduncles long. Pers. Syn. p. 228. Lk. Sp. 2.
p. 82. 3Ioifg. S)' Nest. ! n. 192. Ptirt.3.p.302. Grev. Fl. Ed,
p. 429. Desm. / n. 615.

On Circcea Lidetiana and C. alpina. Highlands of Scotland, Dr.
Greville. — Sporidia oblong, often acute, sometimes however obtuse ;
stem long thick. A very handsome species.

35. P. Prunorum, Lk. {plum Puccinia) ; spots obliterated,
sori subrotund plane scattered hypogenous, epidermis obliterated,
sporidia brown, peduncles very short. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 82. Baxt!
83. — P. Pruni spinoscB, Pers. Syn. p. 226. — P. Pruni, Purt.
3. n. 1552.

On leaves of Plum trees. Very common.

36. P. UlmdricB, Dec. (Bleadow-sweet Puccinia) ; spots obli-
terated, sori at first subrotund covered with the epidermis, at
length when the cuticle has vanished effuse, sporidia brown
shortly pedicellate. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 5Q. Grev. Fl. Ed. ;?.433.
Joh7ist. Fl. Bene. 2. p. 194. — Triphragmium Ulmarice, Lk. Sp.
2. p. 84. 3Ioug. Sc Nest. ! n. 891.— P. Spircece, Purt. 3. 7i. 1555.

On Spircea Ulmaria. Carlowrie, Dr. Greville. It has also been
found by Purton. — Sporidia subturbinate ; upper cell often divided by
a vertical dissepiment, peduncle very short.

37. P. FdbcB, Lk. {Bean Puccinia) ; spots none, sori sub-
rotund hypogenous or elongated when on the stem, subconvex,
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, sporidia at length black.

uEcidium.] FUNGI. 369

Lk. Sp. 2. p. 82,— P. globosa, Grev. Sc. Cr. Fl, t. 29. FL
Ed. p. 434.

On the common Bean. Not uncommon. — Sporidia ovato-globose,
peduncle slender. P. Fabce, Johnst., includes Uredo appendiculosa,

38. P. Buxi, Dec. (^Box Piicchiid) ; spots none, sori sub-
rotund convex scattered ampliigenous, sporidia brown, pedun-
cles long. Dec. FL Fr. 6. p. 60. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 83. Sow. t. 439.
Moug. S)^ Nest. ! n. 676.

On Box. Not uncommon. — Sporidia oblong, rather strongly con-
stricted, lower cell in general slightly attenuated, peduncle very long.

153. ^ciDiUM. Pers. ^cidiura.

Sporidia free, contained in a cellular membranous sac (pseu-
doperidiuyn) distinct from the epidermis and at length bursting
at the apex. — Name, ar/.)ov, a tvheel.

1. JE. Alia, Grev. (^Garlic ^cidium) ; spots rather pale,
pseudoperidia circinating not contiguous, sporidia yellowish.
Grev. ! Fl. Ed. p. 447. — jE. Allii ursi?ii, Pers. Syn. p. 210. —
Cceoma alliatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 42.

On Allium ursinum. Rosslyn woods, Dr. Greville.

2. JE. Ari, Berk. ( Wake-robin ^cidium) ; spots round con-
fluent, pseudoperidia 'circinating not crowded, those in the
centre generally abortive.

On Ariun maculutum. Bungay, Mr. Stock.

■ 3. JE. ruhellum^ Pers. { Dock uEcidiiim) ; spots purple, pseu-
doperidia circinating, centre free, sporidia yellowish-white. Pers.
in Gmel Linn. 2. p. 1473. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 447.—^. Rumicis,
Pers. Syn. p. 207. 3Ioug. S> Nest. n. 286. Soiv. t. 405. Purt.
V. 3. n. 1540. t. 26. — Cceoma ruhellatum, Lk. Sp. p. 44.
On leaves of various Rutniccs. Common.

4. jE. Primula;, Dec. {Primrose yEcidium) ; spots obliterated,
pseudoperidia solitary scattered and crowded hypogenous, spori-
dia whitish-yellow. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 90. — CcBoma primulatum^
Lk. Sp. 2. p. 46.

On leaves of primroses. Appin, CapUtin Carmichad. Communi-
cated also to Dr. Hooker by Mr. W. Wilson.

5. jE. Soldanelhr, Hornsc. (Soldanella yEcidium) ; spots
obliterated, pseudoperidia solitary regularly scattered over the
whole inferior surface, sporidia orange. Moug ! as. — Ciconia
soldancllatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 46.

On Sold'inrlla alpina. Botanic Garden, Glasgow. Ilook. Ilcrb. —
The specimens were referred by Kiotzsch to UredOf but there is cer-
tainly a pseudopcridiuni.

6. ^. Minthce, Dec. (Mint ^Ecidium) ; spots obliterated,
subiculum incrassatcd, pseudoperidia scattered at length emerscd

370 FUNGI. [jEcidium.

siibrotund, or aggregate immersed and suboval, sporidia orange.
Dec. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 95. — CcBoma menthatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 47,

On Mints. Common. The stem when infected is much distorted.
— Sporidia elliptic, white when dry.

7. jE. Tragopogonis, Pers. ( Goai s-heard JEcidium) ; spots
obliterated, pseudo-peridia scattered torn wider above, sporidia
orange at length black. Pers. Syn. p.^W, Soiv. t. ^97 .f. 2.
— Cceoma tragopogonatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 50. — u^. Tragopogi,
Moug. 4' Nest. ! n. 388. — ^. Cichoraceorwn, Johnst. Fl. JBerw.
2. p. 205.

On the stems and under sides of the leaves of the common Goat's-
beard. Soicerhy. Berwick, Dr. Johnston.

8. /F. compositdrum, Mart. (Composite ^cidimn) ; spots
purplish subrotund subconfluent above, pseudoperidia crowded
into orbicular patches or circinating hypogenous, sporidia orange.
Mart. Erl. p. 314. — jF. Taraxaci, Grev, Fl. Ed. p. 444. Johnst.
Fl. Berw. 2. p. 205. — JS. Prenanthis, Pers. Syn. p. 208. Grev.
I. c. p. 445. Johnst. L c. p. 206. — jF. Tussilaginis, Pers. Syn.
p. 209. Sow. t. 397. f. 1. 3Ioug. ^ Nest. ! n. 88. Grev. I. c.
Johnst. I. c. p. 207. — ^. Jacobcece, Grev. I. c. — ^. Senecionis,
Desm. ! n. 677. — ^. Lapsani^ Purt. MSS. — Cceoma composita-
tum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 50. /

On various Comjyositce. Common. — The colour of the spots and
sporidia, and the disposition of the pseudoperidia vary a little ; the
spo7'idia in all are oval.

9. ^. Valerianacedrum, Dub. ( Valeria^i-trihe JEcidium) ;
hypogenous, rarely cauline, pseudoperidia scattered more or
less crowded cup-shaped tawny, margin erect denticulate, spori-
dia dirty-yellow. Dub. Syn. p. 908. Johnst. FL Derw, 2,
p. 206.

On Valeriana officinalis. Berwick, Dr. Johnston.

10. jF, Periclymeni, Dec. (^Honeysuckle JEcidium) ; spots
variegated with yellow and brown, subiculum rather thick,
pseudoperidia disposed in subrotund or effused hypogenous
heaps, sporidia orange. Dec. Fl. Fr. 2. p. 597. Grev. Fl. Ed.
p. 445. — CcBoma periclymenatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 52.

On woodbine. Rosslyn, Dr. Greville. Appin, Captain Carmichaeh
Hamilton, Klotzsch in Hook. Herb. Oxford, Baxter Peridia some-
times very much elongated.

11. jF. Bunii, Dec. (^Pig-nut JEcidium) ; spots obliterated,
subiculum incrassated, pseudoperidia disposed in irregular sub-
rotund or oval heaps, sporidia orange. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 96.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 445.—^. Buniatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 53.

On Bunium Bulbocastanum and Pimpinella Saxifraga. Balniuto,
Dr. Greville. Oxford, Baxter,

12. jF. Eanunculacedj'um) Dec. (Crowfoot yFcidium) ; spots

.fUciduon.] FUNGI. 371

obliterated^ subiculum tliick, pseudoperidia densely crowded
into irre^J-ular heaps sporidia orange. Dec. FL Fr. 6. p. 97,
Grev.! FL Ed. p. 446.—^. Ranunculi, Sow. t. 397./. 2—^.

C07ifertinn, Grev. ! I. c. Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p. 203. ^. Fi-

caricE, Part. v. 3. p. 333.

On leaves of various HanunculacecE. Common. — The colour varies
slightly, beina: paler in Ranunculus Ficaria, and is said sometimes to
be brown. The latter circumstance, as Link observes, should seem to
indicate that there are at least two species.

13. jF. Cdlthce, Grev. {31arsh-marigold JEcidiu?n) ; hypo-
genousandonthe petioles agg-regate somewhat campanulate with
numerous very minute marginal teeth, sporidia bright orange
subglobose or oval. Grev. FL Ed. p. 446.

On Caltha palustris. About Edinburgh, Dr. Grevdle. — Of this 1
have seen no specimens ; but Dr. Greville assures us that it differs in
its brighter and darker colour, but especially in the margin of the pseu-
doperidia being pale and brittle.

14. yE'. leucospermum, Dec. (ivhite- seeded jFcidiuni) ; spots
yellowish, pseudoperidia scattered amphigenous often occupy-
ing the whole under surface, sporidia ovate white. Dec. FL
Fr. V. 2. p. 239. 3Ioiiff. &; Nest. ! n. 185. Baxt. ! n. 89.—
CcBoma leucospermum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 54. — ^. Aiiemones, Pers.l
Syn.p.2\2 — Lycop. innatum^With. v. 4. p. 352. — Ly cop. Ane-
mones, Pidt. Linn. Tr. v. 2. p. 311.

On the Wood Anemone. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Oxford,
Baxter. — In Captain Carmichael's specimens I find the sporidia elliptic,
in authentic specimens from Persoon they are globose.

15. yE. quadrifidum^ Dec. (four-lohed uEcidium) ; spots
brownish, pseudoperidia scattered hypogenous occupying almost
the whole under-surface, sporidia subglobose brown. Dec. FL
Fr. V. 6.]). 90. — CcEoma quadrifidiim, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 55.

On Anemone Coronaria. Ap. — May. Botanic Garden, Oxf. Baxter.
— Pseudoperidia not constantly quadrifid.

16. JE. Thulictri, Grev. {Meadow-rue uEcidiutn) ; hypophyl-
lous collected into roundish clusters,pseudoperidia oblong, spori-
dia bright orange. Grev.! Sc. Crypt. Ft. t. 4.

On Thaliclnim alpinum. Scottish alps. Not uncommon.

\7. uE. Gerdnii, Dec. (Cranes-bill ^Ecidium) ; spots yellow
and purple, pseudoperidia disposed in somewhat circinating
liypogenous clusters, sporidia yellow, at length brown. Dec.
FL Fr. 6. p. 93. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 57. Mmst. FL Berw. 2. p. 205.

On Grraniufn pratensr. Whitcadilcr Bridge, Berw., Dr. Johnston.
— Sometimes from the conHuence of one or two clusters forming elon-
gated patches, more frctiuently disposed in circles.

18. jE. Berberidis, Pers. (Barberry ^Ecidium) ; spots round-
ish bright-red, subiculum i:itlier tliic k, p>eu(i()peridia disponed in

37*2 FUNGI. [^cidium.

subrotund or oval patches gradually increasing in length, often
greatly elongated, sporidia orange. Pers. in Gmel. I, c. Syn,
p. 209. Sow. t. 397./. 5. Moug. 8^ Nest.! n. 86. Purt. 2 4' 3.
71. 1125. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 97. Fl. Ed. p. 446.—
CcBoma Berberidatum, Lk. 2. p. 57. KL ! ex. 95.

On the leaves, peduncles and fruit of jBe/-&er25 t;?</^ar25. Common.
— Barberry bushes are commonly supposed to cause blight in wheat,
probably in consequence of their being frequently infested with this
parasite.

19. JE. VioIcE, Schum. (Violet j^cidium); spots yellowish,
pseudoperidia disposed in irregular heaps seriate and scattered,
sporidia orange at length brown, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 444. JE,
Violarum, Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 250. — Cceoma Violatum, Lk.
2. p. 58.

On the leaves, petioles and sepals of violets. Not uncommon.

20. j^. Behenis, Dec. (Bladder Campion jEcidium); spots yel
low circumscribed brown on the opposite side, pseudoperidia
somewhat circinating loosely disposed in subrotund heaps some
short open, some closed larger brown, sporidia brown. Dec. Fl.
Fr. Q.p. 94. Baxt. ! n. 90. — jE. lychnideatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 59.

On Silene inflata. Oxford, J5flr.r^er.— Baxter's specimens are very
pale, but so much alteration takes place in drying in this and the follow-
ing genus, that it is impossible to say whether they are distinct or not

21. JE, albescens, Grev. (Moschatell ^cidium) ; leaf blistered
whitish, hypogenous and on the petioles scattered distinct,
peridia very white split into a few comparatively large teeth,
sporidia yellowish-white. Grev. FL Ed. p. 444. Johnst. Fl.
Berw. 2. p. 205. — JE. Adoxce, Graves, in Dub. Syn, p. 908.
Desm. I n. 555.

On Adoxa moschatellina. Arniston woods, Dr. Greville. Oxford,
Baxter.

22. jE. Epilobii, Dec. ( Willow-herb JEcidium) ; spots obli-
terated, pseudoperidia scattered often amphigenous at length
oval wider above, sporidia orange at length brown. Dec. Fl.
Fr. 2. p. 238. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. AAA. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2.
p, 204. — CcBoma epilobiatum, lA. Sp. 2. p. 54.

On Epilobium montanum. Common.

23. JE. GrossuldricBy Dec. ( Goose-berry jEcidium) ; spots
yellow not extended brown on the opposite side tuberculate,
pseudoperidia crowded into roundish heaps at length brown and
surrounded with a brown area hypogenous, sporidia orange.
Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 92. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 62. Fl. Ed.
p. 446. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 206. — jE. Rumicis (3. Gros-
sularicB, Pers. in Gmel. I. c. Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 287'— -Cceoma
grossidariatwn, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 59.

On the leaves and fruit of Gooseberries. Very common — I have

JEcidium.] FUNGI. 373

given the specific character from Link ; the upper surface of the spots is
however generally bright-red, with a yellow border. Dr. Greville's
section scarcely gives a correct idea of the pseudoperidiuni, which is,
1 believe, in all the species, certainly in this, more or less rounded
below. When the fruit is attacked, it is somewhat distorted and acquires
a peculiar disagreeable taste, and becomes ripe prematurely. Though
generally very common, I cannot find this year a single specimen on
the leaves.

24-. JE. crussion, Pers. (Buckthorn yUcidiiwi) ; spots yellow-
brown not expanded, subiculum generally thickened, pseudo-
peridia crowded into a roundish heap at first globose yellow at
length open, sporidia orange. Pers. St/n. p. 208. Pers. Ic.
Sf Descr, A 10. /. 1, 2. iMouff. ^- Nest. ! n, 89,—^. Rhamni,
Purt. 3. n. 1538.

On lihamnus catharticus. Very common.

25. yp!. cornutum, Pers. {horji-like ^Pcidium) ; hypogenous,
pseudoperidia cylindrical elongated slightly curved yellowish-
browm springing from an orange thickened portion of the leaf,
sporidia greyish at length brown. Pers. ! Syji. p. 205. 3Ioug.
4- Nest.! n. 183. Sow. ^.319. Grev. PL Ed. p. 447. Sc.

Cr. PL t. 180. Johnst. PL Benv. 2. p. 207 CcBoma cylin-

drills, Lk. 2. p. 64. {in part). Kt. ! exs. n. 9G.

On leaves of the Mountain- Ash. Not uncommon.

26. jP. lacerdtum, Sow. (jagged jpcidium) ; hypogenous
on the petioles and fruit, pseudoperidia elongated agglomerated
brown splitting to the base in capillary segments, sporidia light-
brown. Sow. t. 318. Grev. PL Ed. p. 447. Sc. Cr. PL t. 209.
Johnst. PL Berxo. 2. p. 207. — .Pc. oxyacantha, Pers. ! Syn. p.
206. — JE. Crataigi, Purt. v. 3. p. 570. — Cccoma cylijidrites, Lk.
2. p. 64. (ill part).

On the common Hawthorn. Not uncommon. Beautiful specimens
were sent by Mr. Purton on Mespilus grandijlora and Germunica, pro-
bably from Mr. Baxter.

27. JE. cancelldtum, Pers. (Pear A^cidiuni) ; spots yellow
then red prominent, pseudoperidia split to the base into lacinia)
M'hich are united above. Ptrs.f in GmeL Linn. v. 2. p. 1472.

Syn. p. 205. Sow. ^ 410. 3Iong. .")• NesL ! n. 184 Cicoma

lioestilites, Lk. L c, KL ! ex. n. 97.

On Pear leaves. Not common, !)ut in general iii)undant where it
occurs — The upper side of the spots is granulated with abortive pseudo-
peridia, as is the case also frequently in the two foregoing species. An
j-Kcidium, apparently of some interest, has been fouiul by Dr. (irevillc
on Pottrinm Sanf/uisorba, the specimens however in Dr. Hooker's
Herbarium are too young to describe.

28. .E. Ornhi, Dec. (liittvr-vdch .Pridiuni) ; spots yellow
effused, pseudoperidia scattered and disposed in small heaps.

374 FUNGI. [Uredo.

sporidia at length white. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 95. — C, Legu-
minosatum, Lk. 2. 61.

On the stems and leaves of Orobus tuberosus. Scotland, Dr.
Greville.

29. ^. Euphorbice, Pers. {Spurge ^cidiuni); spots obli-
terated, leaf incrassated, pseudoperidia scattered and crowded
distinct generally hypogenous, sporidia orange. Pers. in
GmeL Linn, v. 2. p. 1473. Sgji. p. 211. Purt. 2 4^ 3. n.
1537. — CcBoma EuphorUalum^ Lk. Sp. 2. p. 61.—^. Cypa-
rissics, Moug. «3r Nest. ! n. 87.

On Spurges. Common.

30. ^. UrticcB, Dec. {Nettle yFcidiurn) ; spots obliterated,
subiculum incrassated, pseudoperidia disposed in elongated or
subrotund heaps at first subglobose then widely gaping hypo-
genous, sporidia orange. Dec. Fl. Fr. 2. p. 243. Moug. 4'
Nest. ! n. 389. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 445. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2.
p. 206. Desm. ! n. 676.

On Nettles. Extremely common.

31. IE. Pini, Pers. {Pine jEcidium) ; pseudoperidia oblong
somewhat compressed scattered bursting irregularly, sporidia
orange. Pers. in Gmel. I. c. Syn. p. 213. Moug. ^ Nest. !
n. 186. Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 7. Fl. Ed. p. 444.^Cceoma
Pineum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 66.

On the leaves and bark of Scotch Firs. Common in the highlands
of Scotland and occasionally occurring in England, especially in young
plantations. On branches it is sometimes two -lines or more high.

154. Uredo. Pers. Uredo.

Sporidia* free, aggregate, covered by the epidermis of living
plants. — Name, U70, to burn.

A. Sporidia equal.
* Sporidia yellow^ broivn, black.

1. U. segetum, Pers. {Smut) ; on the receptacle and rachis,
epidermis soon ruptured, sporidia loose minute perfectly spheri-
cal black. Pers. Syn. p. 224. 3Ioug. 4^ Nest. ! n. 291. Grev.
Fl. Ed. p. 442. Jo/uist. FL Berw. 2. p. 203. Baxt. ! n. 43.
— Ustilago segetum, Ditm. St. Deutsch. Fl. t. 33. Fr. Syst.

Myc. V. 3. p. 519 CcEoma segetwn, Lk. 2. p. I. Kl. ! n. 81 —

Beticularia segetum^ Bull. t. 412. f. 2. With. 4. p. 356. Purt.
2 S^S.n. 1079.

On wheat, barley, oats, &c. Very common and destructive.

* Such is the state of the sporidia in normal Uredines. But many of the
species approach very near to Puccinin, being attached by more or less per-
fectly developed peduncles, and differing only in being simple and not septate.

Uredo.^ FUNGI. 375

2. U. Caries, Dec. (Bu/tt) ; included within the germen,
sporidia exactly spherical rather large globose black. Dec. Fl.
Ft. 6. p. 78. Grev. FL Ed. j?. 443. Johnst. FL Berw.! 2.
p. 204. — Uredo sitophHa, Dit:ii. I. c. t. 34. — CcBoina sitophilum,
Lk. Sp. 2. p. 2.

On Wheat. Very common, exceedingly foetid when crushed. Highly
injurious, as the whole sample is spoiled by the bunty corn. — The
sporidia are much larger than in the foregoing species and contain
granules.

3. U. longissima, Sow. {elongated Uredo) ; spots obliterated'
sori linear very long parallel dirty-olive, epidermis bursting
longitudinally, sporidia exactly globose minute olive-black.
Sow. t. 139. — Cceoma longissimum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 4. KL ! n. 84.

On Poa aquatica. Common. Summer. — Giving the leaves a very
remarkable appearance ; sporidia globose, breaking up into minute
granules.

4. U.parallela, Berk, (parallel Uredo) ; sori very long linear,
epidermis bursting longitudinally, sporidia globose with several
projecting nodules dark-brown.

On the culms and sheaths of Rye. Kensington, June 15, 1800.
Sowerby, Herb.

5. U. Ii7iedris, Pers. [yellow grass Uredo); spots yellow-brown,
sori elliptic then elongated and linear, epidermis bursting,
sporidia oblong yellow. Pers. Syn.p. 216.' Grev. FL Ed. p. 440.
{in part). Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p. 198. — U. linearis, ct.frumenti,
Moug. S)- Nest.! n. 288. — CcBoma lineare, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 4.

On the leaves and sheaths of corn and grasses. Very common. — Spo-
ridia oblong and globose in the same heap.

6. U. Bubigo, Dec. (Rust); spots yellow, heaps oval scattered
generally epigenous, epidermis at length bursting longitudinally,
sporidia subglobose red-brown easily dispersed. U. Btibigo,
vera, Fl. Fr. 6. p. 83 Cceoma Rubigo, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 4.

On grasses and corn. Common, but not so injurious as the true
njildew, {Puccinia graminis.}

7. U. urceolorum, Dec. {Scdge-ghnne Urcdo) ; on the glumes
and utriculi in the latter case surrounding the abortive seed
with a dense mass, epidermis soon bursting, sporidia effuse
globose rather large. Dec. FL Fr. G. p. 78. Grev. FL Ed.
p. 443. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 204. — U. Caricis, Pers. Syn.
p. 225. — Caoma Caricis, Lk. Sp.2. p.b. — Ustilugo lUriculorum,
Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 519. — Farinaria carhonaria, Sotv. t. 396.

/. 4.

On various Carices. About Ediiiburtih, Dr. Grcvilk. Berwick,
Dr. JohiLston. Fotherinuli:«y, Norths., livv. M. J. litrhilcy.—lAuV,
in his specific character, culls the sporidia etliisc ; in n)y specimens they
form a compact nuiss, breaking up into grains like gunpowder, in the
centre ot which is the nearly abortive though white and slightly farinn-

376 FUNGI. [Ureda.

ceous seed retaining its triquetrous form ; epidermis cracked, white and
very delicate. Sporidia large, subglobose, furnished with a pellucid
border, their surface granulated.

8. U. olivdcea, Dec. [olive-green Uredo) ; infesting the en-
larged receptacle, epidermis soon bursting, sporidia olive-green
powdery minute mixed with fibres which belong to the receptacle.
Dee. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 78. — Cceoma olivaceuniy Lk. Sp. 2. p. 6.

On Carex riparia. Fotheringhay, Norths. Rev, M. J. Berkeley.
— Springing from the receptacle as in U. segetum, which is much in-
creased in size. Sporidia accompanied by vertical filaments, which on
dissection are seen to spring from the hard base and are I believe the
fibro-vascular cords which run from the rachis. The utriculi are
altogether external to the mass. I have not seen sufficient specimens
to ascertain whether the germen as well as receptacle is attacked, but I
am inclined to think that such is not the case.

9. U. caricina, Schleich, (Sedge Uredo) ; spots red, sori oval
minute scattered surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, sporidia
subglobose reddish then brown. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 83. — U,
ohlongata^ Grev. So. Crypt. Fl. t. 12. Fl. Ed. p. 437. (iti part).
— Cceoma Pseudo-Cyperi, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 6.

On Carex pendula and Pseudo-Cyperus. Edinburgh, Z);-. Greville.
— The specimens figured by Dr. Greville are on C. pendula, and are
seated on a yellow spot. \t\ is matter of doubt therefore whether they
may not belong to U. Rubigo^ those gathered by him on C. Pseudo-
Cyperus being the true U. caricina. The plant on Luzula is quite
different and is the true U. oblongata.

10. U. oblongata, Grev. (oblong -seeded Uredo) ; spots oblong
often confluent yellow-brown, sori elliptic amphigenous, epi-
dermis closed, sporidia brown obtuse at either extremity.
Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. ^ Fl. Ed. I. c. (in part.) Johnst. FL
JBeriv. 2. p. 202. — Cceoma oblongum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 7.

On Luzulce. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Berwick, Dr. Johnston.
Bagley Wood, Oxf., Baxter. — Very different from the last in its
sporidia.

\\. U. Scilldruniy Grev. (Hare-bell Uredo) ; spots oblong or
subrotund crowded into patches, epidermis bursting longitudi-
nally, sporidia rubiginous obovate shortly pedunculate. Grev. I
in Hook. Herb. — Puccinia scillarum, Baxt. ! n. 40.

On the Hare-bell, Dr. Greville The sporidia are rubiginous in the

dried specimens before me, from which the above character is drawn up.

12. U. Alliorum, Dec. (Garlic Uredo); spots obliterated,
sori linear olong and oval amphigenous, sporidia ovoid or sub-
globose, yellow or whitish. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 82. Desm. !
628. — Cceoma alliorum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 7. — Uredo Porri, Sow,
t. 411.

On various species of Garlic. Common.

13. U. Iridis, Dub. (Iris Uredo) ; hypogenous or rarely
pigenous, spots yellow, sori small pale red-brown oblong and

Uredo.] FUNGI. 377

linear scattered or aggregate scarcely 'convex, often circum-
scribed, epidermis bullate very rarely bursting longitudinally,
sporidia exactly globose pale-brown pellucid. Dub. Si/n. p. 898.
On Iris fcetidissima. Bath Hills, Ditciiingham, Mr. Stock. Isle of
Wight, Rev. 31. J. Berkeley. — Duby's description is excellent ; I find
however the sporidia broadly elliptic, as well as globose. In an early
stage of growth, they have an orange cast, but in the perfectly developed
plant, they are decidedly brown. It is one of the most beautiful species
of the genus.

14. U. Polygonorum, Dec. (^Polygonum Uredo) ; spots red-
yellow widely effused, sori subrotund scattered sometimes form-
ing a ring, epidermis at length bursting, sporidia ovoid brown.
Dec, Fl. Ft. 6. p. 7 1. Grev, Sc. O. Fl. t. 80. Fl Ed. p. 434.
Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2./?. 201.

On various species of Polygonum. Common, often accompanied by
Puccinia Polygonorum — Sporidia somewhat obovate.

15. U. utriculosum, Nees, {Utricle Uredo) ; sori produced in
the germen and perigonium, epidermis soon ruptured, sporidia
effuse minute globose black. Nees, Syst.f. 6. — CcBoma utriculo-
sum, Lk. Sp. '2. p. 10.

On Polygonum Hydj-opiper, &c. Appin, Captain Carmichael. —
Sporidia purple-black.

16. U. BetfE, Pers. (Beet Uredo) ; spots yellow, lieaps sub-
rotund and oval scattered and concentric epigenous, epidermis
at length bursting, sporidia subglobose brown. Pers. Syn.
p. 220. — Cccoma Betarum, Lk. Sp. p. \\.

On Beet Root. King's Cliffe, Norths., Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— \x\
very red varieties of Beet the sporidia are bright rubiginous. Sporidia
subglobose, shortly pedicellate. Sowerby's Uredo Chenopodii appears
to me a mere discoloured spot.

17. U. ArmericB, Dub. (Thrift Uredo) ; spots obliterated, sori
irregular scattered, epidermis bullate closed, sporidia globose
rufous. Dub. Syn. p. 899. — Cccoma Armericc, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 11.

On various species of Armeria. Botanic Garden, Glasgow, Pro-
fessor Hooker. — ^^lost of the sori are closed, but some arc ruptured.
Sporidia truly globose.

18. U. Primula, Dec. (Primrose Uredo); spots yellowish,
sori subrotund and oval aggregate hypogenous, epidermis at
length bursting, sporidia ovoid brown. /)cc. Fl. Fr. 2. p. G8.
Grev. Fl. Kd. p. 435 Cceoma primularutn, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 12.

On Primula vulgaris. About Edinburgh, J)r. Grcvillc. Appin,
Captain Carmichael.

19. U. Rhinantkacedrum, Dec. (Yellow-rattle tribe U/cdo) ;
spots noneor subferruginous, sori irregular coiitluent hypogenous
rarely aniphigenous, sporidia subglobose compact goldt'ii-yellow.
/),c. Fl. Fr. Ck p. 80. Grer. Fl. Fd. p. 439. Johnst. Fl'. Bene.
2. p. 200. — C(Coma Rhinanthaccarum, Lk. Sj>. 2. />. 13.

378 FUNGI. [Uredo.

On Euphrasia officinalis and Ba?-tsia Odoritites. Pentland Hills,
Dr. Greville. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Berwick, Dr. Johnston.

20. U. Labiatdrum, Dec. (^Labiate tribe Uredo) ; spots yel-
lowish and brown, sori subrotund scattered siibaggregate hypo-
genous, epidermis ruptured, sporidia subglobose brown. Dec.
Fl. Fr. 6. p. 1-2. Grev. FL Ed. p. 436. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2.

p. 203 U. MenthcB, Piirt. 3. n. 1550. — jFJc. Menthce, Sow. !

t, 398./. 3. — CcKGtna Labiatarum, Lh. Sp. 2. p. 13.

On various Labiates, especially Mints. Common.

21.^1/. VinccB, Dec. {Periwinkle Uredo); spots yellowish,
sori small subrotund and oval, epidermis ruptured surrounding
the brown ovoid sporidia. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p, 70. — Cceoma
VinccB, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 14.

On leaves of Vinca major. Bungay. Mr. Stock. — Hypogenous.
Sporidia oval, rather ovoid.

22. U. Vacciniorum, Johnst. ( Whortle-berrt/ Uredo) ; spots
yellow-brown, sori subrotund minute aggregate and scattered
hypogenous, epidermis seldom ruptured, sporidia ovoid yel-
lowish. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 199. — U.pustulata, yy. Vaccinii,
Alb. 4" Schwein^ Consp. p. 126. — Cceoma Vacciniorum, Lk. Sp.
2. p. 15.

On Vaccinium Myrtillus. Appin, Captain Carmichael. Berwick,
Dr. Johnston.

23. U, Pyrolce, Grev. ( Winter-green Uredo) ; spots yellowish,
brown on the opposite side, sori globose minute scattered or
aggregate hypogenous, epidermis generally closed, sporidia
subglobose yellow. Grev. ! Fl. Ed. p. 440. Johnst. FL Berw.
2. p. 198. — Cceoma Pyrolce, Lk, Sp. 2. p. 15.

On Pyrolce. About Edinburgh, Dr. Greville and Mr. Macnab. Ber-
wick, Dr. Johnston. — Sporidia ovate, with, sometimes, an obsolete
peduncle in Mr. Macnab's specimen on Pyrola rotundifolia, sori
scattered all over the leaf, epidermis ruptured. Sporidia in Dr.
Greville's specimens on P. minor oblong and narrow, sori collected in
small clusters. In the former case, however, there are a few oblong
sporidia sometimes intermixed.

24. U. CampdnulcB, Pers. {Bell-flower Uredo) ; spots obli--
terated brown on the opposite side, sori irregular confluent
plain hypogenous, sporidia subglobose cohering yellow at length
pale. Pers. Syn. p. 217. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 440. Johnst. Fl.
Berw. 2. p. 200. Baxt. ! 41. — Cceoma campanularum, Lk. Sp.
2.p.\Q.

On the leaves of various Campanulce. Balmuto. Salisbury Craigs,
Dr. Greville. Berwick, Dr. Johnston. Oxford, Baxter.

25. U. Crustacea^ Berk, {crust-like Uredo) ; spots brownish,
sori subglobose bullate scattered and aggregate amphigenous,
epidermis ruptured, sporidia ovoid. — C. criistaceum, Lk. Sp. 2.
p. 17.

Urcdo'^ rUNGI. 371?

On the radical leaves of Campanula rotiuuUfolia. Appin, Captain
Carmichael. — Sporidia distinctly ovoid.

26. U. comprdnsor, Schlecht. (associated Uredo) ; spots yel-
low-brown, sori obliterated subrotund scattered and aggregate
sometimes confluent generally liypogenous surrounded by the
ruptured epidermis, sporidia subglobose tawny at first adhering
together. — U. Sonchi, Pets. Sijn. p. 217. Purt. 3. 7i. 1347.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 441. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 198.— ?7. Tmsi-
laginis, Pers. Si/n. p. 218. 3Ioiig. 8^' Nest. ! 7i. 390. Grev.f
Fl. Ed. p.4S7. Johnst. I c. — U. Petasites, Grev. Fl. Ed. /?. 44 1 .
Johnst. I. c. — CcBoma compransor, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 17. Kl. ! n. 83.

On Sowthistles, Colts-foot, Cacalia suavcolens, &c. Common.

27. U. simveolefis, Pers. (siveet-sce?ited Uredo) ; spots obli-
terated yellow on the opposite side, sori subrotund nearly plane
scattered at length confluent hypogenous surrounded by the
ruptured epidermis, sporidia globose brown. Pers. Syn. p. 221.
Moug. 4' Nest. n. 189. Purt. ! 3. n. 1548. Grev. FL Ed. p. 434.
—jEc, Cardui, Sow. t. 398./. 3.

On Cnicus arvensis. Very common. — Flies, according to Sowerby,
often gorge themselves with this plant, which has occasionally a strong
odour, and are killed. It frequently covers the whole under-surface of
the leaves.

28. U. Se7ieci6nis, Schlecht. {Grounsel Uredo); spots obli-
terated, sori solitary or regularly crowded subrotund and oval
hypogenous surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, sporidia
subglobose orange. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 438. Johnst. FL Berw.
2. p. 198. Desm. ! n. 673. — Cceoma Senecionis, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 20.

On various species of Grounsel. Very common. — Dr. Johnston's
U. Gnap/ialii, of which I have seen only very imperfect specimens, is
scarcely described enough at length to enable me to judge whether it be
new or not.

29. U. fioscidorum, Dec. {Floret Uredo) ; produced within
the florets, sporidia minute purplish-brown. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6.
p. 79. Grev. FL Ed. p. 443. Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p. 204 —

CcEoma fiosculoriim, Lk. Sp. 2. p. '2\.— Ustilago flosculonim,
Fr. Syst.Myc. v. 3. p. 518 Farinaria Scahioscc, Sow. t. 396.

^■^-

On Scalnosa arvensis. Not common.

30. U. Pctroselini, Dec. (i/ellow Umbcllifirfc Uredo) ; spots
yellowish, sori subrotund and oval confluent amphigenous, epi-
dermis at length ruptured, sporidia pale yellow. J)ec. FL Fr.
2. p. 597.— /'/. acidiiformis, Grev. FL Ed. p. Ul.— Ccronia
Pctrosclini, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 23.

On various Fmhtl/ifrrff. On Hrrarleuni fipfumdi/lium and Cfittro-
),h,,llum si/lvestre. Kdmhurgh, Dr. (irnuUc. OnSmi/niiumOlusatnon,
Mr. Stock. On Scandu- odorata. Oxford, liaxln—Spondui glolK)sc
or subglobose, occasionally obsolctely pedicellate.

380 FUNGI. [Uredd.

31. U. Umbellatdrtim, Johnst. (brown Umhelliferce Uredo) ;
spots yellowish, sori subrotund and ovate scattered hypogenous
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, sporidia ovoid brown.
Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 202. — Cceoma umbellatarum, Lk. Sp. 2.
p. 23.

On various Umbelliferce. On Conium maculatum. Berwick, 'Z)r.

Johnston. On Apium graveolens, Rev. M. J. Berkeley Sporidia

in the same heap, ovate, oval and oblong. There is in the Appin col-
lection a species, with globose sporidia, on Sanicula Ewopcea, probably
distinct.

32. U, Heraclei, Grev. {Hog-iveed Vredo) ; hypogenous
scattered sometimes subconfluent roundish light-brown, girt by
the remains of the epidermis, sporidia ovoid sometimes furnished
with a very short blunt peduncle. Grev. in Hook. Herb,

On Heraclemn Sphondylium. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Appin,
Captain Carmichael. — This appears to me distinct, the sporidia being
all oviform or more probably obovate, with a very short stem. I see no
trace of a stem in the foregoing species.

33. U. Ranunculacedrum, Dec. (Crowfoot Uredo); spots
yellowish, sori scattered aggregate confluent and expanded,
epidermis ruptured, sporidia oyoid brown sometimes pedicellate.
Dec. Fl. Ft. 6. p. 75 — V. FicaricB, Alb. Sf Schw. p. 128.— Grev.

FL Ed. p. 434-. Joh7ist. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 203 U. Anemones^

Pers. Syn. p. 223. — Cceoma Ranunculacearum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 23.

On Ranunculacece. Not uncommon.

34. U. Hypericorurriy Dec. (St Johris-ivort Uredo) ; spots
yellowish, sori subrotund small bullate distinct scattered hypo-
genous, epidermis at length bursting, sporidia subglobose co-
hering orange. Dec. FL Fr. 6. p. 81. Baxt! n. 42 Cceoma

Hypericorum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 24.

On various Hyperica. Appin, Captain Carmichael Oxf. Baxter.

There are also specimens in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium which appear
to have been received from Dr. Greville.

35. U. Gerdnii, Dec. (Cranes-bill Uredo) ; spots yellowish,
sori subrotund nearly plane scattered or confluent, sporidia sub-
globose brown. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 73. Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL U
8. FL Ed. p. 434. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 201.

On various Geraniums. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Berwick, Dr.
Johnston. Cambridge, Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

36. U. Violdrum, Dec. ( Violet Uredo) ; spots yellowish, sori
subrotund scattered bullate generally hypogenous, epidermis
ruptured persistent, sporidia subglobose brown, some scattered
about naked. Dec. FL Fr. 6. p. 73. Johnst. FL Berw. 2. p.
202. — Cceoma Violarum^ Lk. Sp. 2, p. 25. — Granularia Violce,
Soiv. t.440.

On the leaves and petioles of Violets, not uncommon ; when growing
on the latter greatly distorting them.

Uredo.]

FUNGI. 381

37. U. Caryophyllacedrum, Johi\st.(Chickiveed Tribe Uredo);
spots yellowish, sori subglobose scattered and aggregate minute
generally hypogenous, epidermis closed, sporidia oval at length
yellow. Johnst. Fl. Beriv. 2. p. 199. — Cceoma Caryophijllace-
arum, Lk. Sp. 2. ». 26.

On Cerastia and Stellaria. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Berwick,
Dr, Johnston.

38. U. Antherdrwn, Dec. {Anther Uredo); sori on the anthers
and germens, sporidia subglobose effuse violet. Dec. FL Fr.
6. p. 79. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 443. — Uredo violacea, Pers. Syn. p.
225. — Fnrinaria Stellarice, Sow. t 396./. 1. — Ustilago Anthera-
rum, Fr. Syst. 3Iyc. v. 3. p. 519. — Cceoma Anther arum^ Nces,
Syst.f. 5. Lk. Sp. 2. p. 26.

On various Caryophyllacece. Sowerby. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville.

39. U. Saxifragdriim, Dec. {Saxifrage Uredo) ; spots pallid,
sori subrotund and oval raised scattered and aggregate hypo-
genous, epidermis ruptured persistent, sporidia subglobose yel-
low. Dec. FL Fr. G. p. 87. Grev. FL Ed. p. A^Q.— Cceoma
Saxifragarum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 28.

On various Saxifrages. Balniuto, Dr. Greville.

40. U. Epilobii, Dec. ( Willow-herb Uredo) ; spots yellowish,
sori subrotund scattered surrounded by the ruptured epidermis
often hypogenous, sporidia subglobose brown. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6.
p. 73. Johnst. FL Berw. 3. p. 200 — Cceoma Epilobii, Lk. Sp.
2. p. 29.

On Epilobia. Berwick, Dr. Johnston.

41. U. pustiddta, Pers. {yellow Willow-herb Uredo); spots
yellowish, sori subrotund minute closed scattered and confluent
amphigenous, sporidia globose yellow. Pers. Syn. p. 219.
Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 441. — Cao?na Onagrarum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 29.

On Epilobium palustre. Duddingston Loch, Dr. Greville, who
describes the sporidia as suboval.

42. U. Rosa:, Dec. {Rose Uredo); spots yellow small scatter-
ed, sporidia orange suboval with sometimes a minute peduncle.
Dec. {a.) FL Fr. 2. p. 232. Grev. FL Ed. p. 438 — U. Roscc
centifolirc, Pers. Syn. p. 215 — U. miniata, a. Eglantcria, Moug.
c^ Nest. ! 187.— r/. aurea, Part. 3. n. 1127. {inpart).— C(Voma
RoscB, var. \. punctifonne, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 30 — C. Roscc, KL ! n.
90.

On Rose leaves. Extremely common.

43. U. efusn, Strauss. {Vermilion Uredo); spots yellow, scui
effused over the nerves and petioles, sporidia subglobose.
Grev. Sc. Crt/pt. FL M 9. FL Ed. p. 439. Johnst. FL Ikric. 2. p.
199.— ^/. lioscc, 3. Dec. L c.— U. miniata, a. Pers. Syn. p. 216.

382 FUNGI.

Uredo.

— Ui pinguis, Desm. ! n. 529 — U, aurea, Part. I. c. (in part),

— Cceoma Rosce, var. 2. miniatum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 30.

On the leaves, petioles and seed-vessels of Roses. Extremely com-
mon.— This and the foregoing species are represented together. Sow. t.
398./. 8.

44. U. Ruhorum, Dec. {Bramble Uredo) ; spots pale, brown
on the opposite side, sori subrotund aggregate, epidermis soon
bursting generally hypogenous, sporidia subglobose orange.
Dec, Fl. Fr. 2. p. 234. Moug. ^ Nest. ! n. 92. Grev. FL Ed.
p. 438. Johnst. Fl. Berio. 2. p. 199.— U.'Rubifrtiticosi, Pers.
Syn.p. 218. — Cceoma Ruhorum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 30. — jEcidium
Rubi, Sow. t. 398./. 1.

On Brambles. Very common. — Spots often impressed above, and
purple ; sporidia globose or subglobose, echinulate, bright ochraceous-
yellovv.

4b. U. Potentilldriim, Dec. {Potentilla Uredo) ; spots yel-
lowish, sori subrotund and oval bullate aggregate often conflu-
ent, sporidia subglobose subcoherent orange. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6.
p. 81 — U. Potentillce, I. c. 2. p. 232. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 438.
Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 199. — U. Fragarice, Sow.! t. 398. /. 2.
Purt. 3. 71. 1549.— £/. AlchemillcE, Pers. Syn. p. 215. Moug.
^ Nest. ! n.9\. Grev. I. c. p. 439. Johnst. I. c.^U. Spirece,
Sow. t. 398./ 7 .— Cceoma Potentillarum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 31. KL!
n.9l.

On various Rosacea. Common. — Dr. Greville refers the plant on
Spircea Ulmaria, to U. effusa.

46. U. intrusa, Grev. (brown Ladys-Mantle Uredo) ; hypo-
genous scattered or partially aggregate reddish-brown rounded
somewhat prominent minute very unequal, sporidia roundish or
oval rarely pedicellate. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 436. Duh. Syn. p.
898. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 201.

On Alchemilla vulgaris, with the last. Auchindenny woods, Dr.
Greville. Berwick, Dr. Johnston.

47. U. apiculosa, Lk. (apiculate Uredo) ; spots yellow and
brown, sori subrotund scattered surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis generally amphigenous, sporidia ovoid brown fur-
nished with a short peduncle. — U. bifrons, Grev. ! Fl. Ed. p.
435. — U. Rumicum, Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 66. Purt. Grev. I. c. p.
436. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 201. — U. Rumicis, Purt. 3. n.
1544. — U. dehor acearum, Dec. I. c. 2. p. 229. Grev. I. c. p.
435. Johnst. I. c. — Cceoma apicidosum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 32.

On various plants. Very common.

48. U. bifrons, Grev. (two-faced Uredo); amphigenous often
opposite scattered round light-brown girt with the remains of

Uredo.-\

FUNGI. 383

the epidermis, sporidia globose. Grev.l FL Ed. p. 435 — V.
Rumicum, ^. Rumicis acetosa, Dec. FL Fr. 6. p, 66.

On Rumex acetosa and acetosella. Rosslyn woods and Newhaven.
Dr. Greville.—Th\s appears to be really distinct in having globose
sporidia. It is placed here instead of after ?j. 15, for the sake of closer
comparison with U. apiculosa.

49. U. Leguminosdrum, Lk. {Pea-tribe Uredo) ; spots obli-
terated, sori siibrotund and oval bullate scattered and aggregate
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, sporidia ovoid brown
not pedicellate. — U. FabcB, Grev. Sc. Crypt. FL t. 95. FL Ed.
p. 436. {in part).— U. VicicefabcB, Pers. Syn. p. 221.^ U.fiisca,
Purt. ! 2 $)• 3. n. 1130. — CcBoma Leguminosarum, Lk. Sp. 2. p.
34. KL ! n. 92.

On various LerjuminoscB. Common.— Dr. Greville's plant appears
in part to be referrible to U. apiculosa, if indeed the two species be
really distinct.

50. U. appendicidosa, Berk, {long-stalked pea-tribe Uredo) ;
spots yellowish brown, heaps subrotund and oval confluent
nearly' plane amphigenous, epidermis bursting, sporidia ovoid
brown furnished with long peduncles. U. appendicidata, jd.
Pisi saiivif Pers. Syn. p, 222. — Cceoma appendicidosum, Lk. Sp.
2. p. 33.

On various kguminoscB. King's Cliffe, Norths. Rev. M. J.
Berkeley, on garden Peas. One of the finest of the British Uredines.

51. U. Anthyllidis, Grev. {Finger-Vetch Uredo) ; scattered,
sori irregularly round or suboval surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis, sporidia brown globose. Grev. ! in Hook. Herb.

On Anthyllis vidneraria, Dr. Greville. A very distinct species.

52. U. confluens, Dec. {confluent Uredo) ; hypogenous de-
pressed yellow oblong concentric at length confluent, sporidia
nearly oval. Dec. FL Fr. 2. p. 233. Grev. FL Ed. p. 438.—
U. confluens, (S. Pers. Syn. p. 214. — Cceoma Mercurialis, Lk.
Sp. 2. ]). 35 ?

On Mercurialis perennis. Rosslyn, Z)/-. Greville. Charlton, Kent.
Sowerby. Oxford, Bax tcr.—Vxnk says that his plant has brown sporidia,
it is doubtful therefore whether it be the same with that of Ur. Greville.

53. U. QuercuSy Brondeau, {Oak Uredo); hyi>ogenous, sori
yellow then orange minute ovate and orbicular slightly promi-
nent scattered solitary or agglonuMated into minute patches,
surrounded by the riiptured epidermis, sporidia subglobose pel-
lucid TU)t cohering. Dub. Syn. p. {^93.

On Oak leaves. Bungay, Mr. Stock.

54. U. Filicvm, Desm. {Fern Uredo) ; spi»ts yellowish, sori
subrotund bullate scattered and aggregate liypogenous, opidt-rmis
at length burstinu, sporidia subglobose yellow. Destn.! 530.

384 FUNGI. lUredo.

— U. aurea, Sow. t. 320. — U. linearis, (3. Polypodii, Pers. Syn,
J), 217. Moug. ^ Nest.! '289.~-C(Boma Filicum, Lk. Sp. 2. p.
36.

On Pteris crispa. Sowerby. On the continent it is found on
various Aspidia and Polypodia.

55. U. Bquiseii, Berk. (Mares-tail Uredo); sori linear occu-
pying the striae of the stem, bursting longitudinally, sporidia
globose minute atro-sanguineous.

On Equisetum limosum. Fineshade, Norths. Rev. M.J. Berkeley.

** Sporidia white.

56. U. Candida, Pers. (white Uredo) ; sporidia globose ovoid
or oblong with obtuse apices, white. Pers. Syn. p. 223. Moug,
^Nest. I n. 190. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 442. Sc. Crypt.Fl. t. 251.
Baxt.! 88 — U. Thlaspi, Sow. t. 340. Purt. 3. n. 1543. (in
part). — U. cruciferarmn, Dec. Syn. p. 49. Moug. ^ Nest. ! ?i.

290. — Cceoma candiduin, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 37.
On Cruciferce, &c. Very common.

57. U. cylindrospora, Fr. (cylindric-seeded Uredo) ; sporidia
very minute cylindrical subtruncate white. Fr. Syst. Myc. v,
3./?. 516. — Cylindrosporium concentricum, Grev.! Sc. Crypt.Fl,
t. 29. Fl. Ed. p. All.

On both surfaces of the living leaves of Cabbages. About Edinburgh.
Dr. Greville. — Certainly distinct from the foregoing, and if the sporidia
be not conglutinated, which from authentic specimens I do not perceive
to be the case, not distinguishable from Uredo. The sporidia are very
minute, cylindrical and subtruncate, but not so abruptly as represented
in Dr. Greville*s figure.

B. Sporidia unequal.

58. U. Lini, Dec. (Piirging-flax Uredo) ; spots yellowish,
sori convex subrotund, scattered surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis, sporidia globose or pyriform sometimes pedicellate.
Dec. Fl. Fr. 2. p. 234. Moug. <^ Nest. ! 90. Grev. Sc. Or.

Fl. t. 31. Fl. Ed. p. 439. Desm. f 675 CcBoma Lini, Lk.

Sp. 2. p. 38.

On Linum catharticum. Not uncommon.

59. U. gyrosa, Reb. (gyrose Uredo); spots obliterated, sori
minute confluent and forming a small distinct ring, epiphyllous,
epidermis bursting, sporidia subglobose and yellow, or pyri-
form and pale. Reb. Neom. t. 3./. 15. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 439.

— U. Rubi Idcei, Pers. Syn. p. 218. — Cceoma gyroswn, Lk. Sp.
2. p. 38.

On Raspberry leaves. Bahnuto. Rosslyn, Dr. Greville. Appin,
Captain Carmichael. — Easily known by its forming a more, or less
perfect, often somewhat gyrose ring, the centre being unoccupied.
Sporidia globose and elongato-pyriform.

Uredu.] FUNGI. 385

60. U. Potent, Spreiig. (Burnet Uredo) ; spots obliterated
rufous on the opposite side, sori subrotund scattered minute
hypogenous, epidermis bursting, sporidia subglobose orange,
accompanied by others which are pale cylindrical and slightly
curved. Spreng. Syst. 4. p. 576. Dub. Sf/n. p.S96. — Cceoma
Poterii, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 38.

On Poterium Sanfjuisorba. Isle of Wight, Rev. M. J. Berkeley. —
The subglobose sporidia are often pedicellate.

61. U. Euphorbice, Reb. (^Spurge Uredo); spots obliter-
ated, sori subrotund small scattered generally hypogenous sur-
rounded by the ruptured epidermis, sporidia pyriform abortive,
or subglobose and pedicellate, others perfect subglobose orange.
Peb. Neom. p. 354. Purt. 3. p. 297.— f/'. Helioscopice, Dec.
Fl Ft. 2. p. 232. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 440.— Ccso77ia Euphorbi-
arum, Lk. Sp. 2. p. 39.

On various species of Spwr/e, extremely common, especially on
E. Helioscojna and Peplus. — Some of the sporidia have rather long
peduncles.

62. U. cylindrica, Strauss. (^Poplar Uredo) ; spots yellow,
sori subrotund here and there confluent, epidermis at length
bursting by a pore, some of the sporidia barren subglobose
pedicellate, others cylindric obtuse at either end orange. — U.
populina, Pers. ! Sgn. p. 219. Grev.l Fl. Ed. p. 442. — U.
Populi, Purt. 3. n. 1542. t. 27. Johnst. Fl. Bene. 2. p. 200.
— U. ovata, a. ^ /3. Grev. I. c. Johnst. Fl. Beriv. 2. p. 198. —
CcBOtna cglindricum, Lk. Lp. 2. p. 39.

On Populus ni(ira, balsamifera, and trernula, also on Betula alba. — I
see very little diflf'erence between U. ci/Uadrica and U. ovata ; the
sporidia in the latter plant are seldom truly ovate, but more frequently
exactly as in U. cylindrica. Link appears to me correct in uniting
them.

62. U. Saliceti, Schlecht. ( Willow Uredo) ; spots yellowisli,
sori subrotund solitary or disposed in circles with tlie centre
free, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis mostly hypogenous,
sporidia barren subglobose and pedicellate or pyriform, perfiect
subglobose orange. — (f. VitclUmc, Dec. Fl. Fr. 2. p. 231.
Grev. ! Fl. TJd, p. 437. Joknst. Fl. Berw. 2. p. 200. Desm. !
531. — U. salicisy Grev.! I. c. — Cccuma Saliceti, Lk. Sp. 2. p.
41.

On various Willows. Common. — Hoth the plants of Dr. (ireville,
referred to above, have the pyriform |)cdicellate sporidia, and appear to
be the same, exce()t indeed his F. Suliiis be U.Epitid, Kunzc, which
is distinguibheil princi[)ally by the paler sporidia and hardly ever con-
fluent sori. This can scarcely be determined without recent specimens.

63.' U. Capredrum, Dec. (Sallow I'rcdo) ; spots obliterated
yellow on the opposite side, sori various in form nearly plain
here and there confluent hypogenous surrounded by the rnp-

2 c

386 FUNGI. lUredo,

tured epidermis, sporidia barren subglobose and pyriform pedi-
cellate, perfect subglobose dirty yellow. Dec. Fl. Fr. 6. p. 80.
— U,farinosa, Pers. Syn. p. 217. Moug. ^ Nest! n. 188.
Purt. 3. 71. 1544. Grev. Fl Ed. p. 437. Johnst. Fl. Berw. 2.
p. 200. Baxt. ! 86. Desm. ! 532. — CcBoma Caprcearurriy Lk.
Sp. 2. p. 41.

On Sallows. Extremely common.

CLASS XXIV.

CRYPTOGAMIA continued

Order VI. Fungi.* Li7ui. Fungi.

PlantSy consisting of cells and fibres, always springing from
organized and generally decayed or decaying substances, not
perfected when immersed in water, bearing reproductive sporidia,
either externally or internally, naked or inclosed in variously-
formed cells, many of which frequently concur in the reproduc-
tion of a single individual. Varying extremely in substance and
duration, generally soft and juicy, sometimes exceedingly hard,
with or without a central gelatinous nucleus, or dry and powdery. f

* When the printing of the species of this, the 5d Part of the Class Ckypto-
GAMiA, was commenced, 1 thonj^ht myself highly fortunate to have obtained
the assistance of my valued friend, the Rev. M. J. JhrluUy, in preparing tlie
first Tril)e, Pileuti. Ihave now to express my cordial a(kiio\vledi;inents (in
which 1 am satisfied 1 shall he jdined by every Botanist in the (onntry) to
that gentleman f(tr having kin<lly undertaken to prepare tlie whole «if this
vast family for the press : and it is certain that the task cculd not have fuUea
into belter hands. W. J. 11.

f It is almost impossible to draw up cliaracters which shall in every case
distinguish the three concluding Orders, Liciiknks, Ai.c.i-; and I'lnc.i, Indeed
the more natural such Orders are, the more dillicult it is to arri\e at any thing
approaching to mathematical precision ; and this is etjually true, as regards
genera or species, which are cdten determinable more by the predominance of
certain characters, than by any exact artiiniati\e or negative detinit inns. 'I'lius,
in general, ^l/'/</ grow in water; Lir/ims, in air. drawing tbeir nourishment
from the nie<lium which surrounds eacii respectively, and not from the matrix ;
while Funyi are nourished by dead or decaying «>rgani/.etl matter, ami have
tlierefore been styled (/.s/rropfn/tu-. Yet true as these lai ts are, in general, there
are a few instances in wliich, ton certain extent, tiiey will be found incorrect,
accor<ling to the lettei-. lb us several species of the genera Liftoinihis, Ilijrjro-
grocis, iv<-., usually arranged amongst Ali/tr, on a«-count of tlieir immersed
manner oi' growtli, are, beyond all doubt, impcrfe«t s|iccimens ol Minor,
Penuillium, iS.c. Instances have been recorded in which tliis cbnuKe has been
ubnerved, ns by Cams, in the volume f«tr \s'2:], ot' A"Vii yidu At.t. Cur., ^c,
and by Dutrochet, in the Ist volume of the New Sei ics vl xhc Antiaki dts
iiciaictn jyittuielUs.

^Z^ FUNGI.

Fungi occur of all colours, except pure green ; in such as are
green, the tint always more or less inclines to that of verdigris,
and does not appear to he owing to the action of light and
oxygen upon the contents of the cells, as is probably the case
in Lichens. This circumstance Fries, in the Introduction to
his Lichenographia Europcea^ is inclined to consider as most
important and the main distinguishing feature between the two
orders. Two others have been proposed, that there is no
successive development of parts, and that tliere is no external
sporuliferous disc; both of which points, especially the latter,
are opposed by numerous obvious exceptions. Nor does the
distinction, that they increase by addition to the inside, appear
better founded.

Their qualities are various, many are used very extensively
as articles of food, a few are endowed with valuable medicinal
properties, numbers are highly poisonous, and the ravages of
several in dock-yards, corn-fields, orchards, &c., are incalculable.
A few possess the remarkable property of exhaling hydrogen
gas. Some, however, exhale carbonic-acid gas and inhale
oxygen.

Tannin, though prejudical to phsenogamous plants, is certainly
harmless, if not beneficial, to many Fungi. One fungous pro-
duction indeed, referred by authors to the obscure genus
Rhizomorpha, originates in tan-pits.

In this country, Fungi are so generally objects of prejudice
and disgust, that their real importance as useful productions, is
Httle appreciated. With the exception of the common Mush-
room, scarcely a single species o^ Agaric is in general accurately
/distinguished, and though many speak of another kind, under
the name of Champignon, there are iew persons who know
what to gather, and tlie fatal mistakes which have in conse-
quence been made, have increased the disinclination to the use
of any but the Mushroom. Truffles and Morels are so local and
scarce, that they are by no means generally known, seldom
appearing at common tables, and probably the greater part of
what are sold is imported. Agaricus Georgii, A. personatus and
^A. jjrocerus are occasionally brought to Covent Garden Market,
but their consumption is quite trifling, boletus edulis, which
is a most abundant and excellent species, is I believe altogether
unknown, and the same may be said of several approved kinds,
which, on the continent, are in constant use and regularly
exposed for sale. Indeed in many parts of Europe, but espe-
cially Poland and Russia, they form a most important part of
the food of the common people, and in the latter country, whole
tribes are mainly supported by them, scarcely any species,
except the du?ig and Jig Agarics, being rejected. Even those
kinds which are elsewhere refused by common consent, as

ruNGi. 3=^

poisonous on account of their extreme acridity, are taken with
impunity, being extensively dried or pickled in salt or vinegar
for winter use. It is probable that this harmlessness arises from
the particular mode of preparation, for from the exact account
of Pallas, and the general diffusion of various species in various
countries, there is no reason to doubt the fact, that sorts justly
esteemed poisonous are really used; and it is well known that the
noxious qualities of that most virulent species, Agaricus vcrnus,
are communicated to brine, vinegar, c^-c, and that the Olive tree
Agaric\Q?n}?> .all its poisonous properties when salted, and becomes
eatable. The pickle is probably in general thrown away ; while
as to dried fungi, I have been informed by a gentleman of great
acuteness and observation, that in some town of Poland, where
he was detained as a prisoner, he amused himself with collect-
ing and drying the various fungi which grew within its walls,
amongst which were many commonly reputed dangerous, and
that, to his great surprise, his whole collection was devoured by
the soldiers. Indeed two poisonous principles have been dis-
covered in Fungi, one of which is so fugacious that it is dispelled
by heat, or the act of drying, or by immersion in acids, alkalies
or alcohol ; the other is more fixed and resists such processes ;
and it is well observed by the late Professor I3nrnett, in his
Outlines of Botany, § 725, " in certain situations, trnffhs, morels
and common mushrooins, are nearly flavourless, while in others
their grateful tastes and smells are highly developed ; and in
a similar way certain fungi, which are eatable in one country
or when gathered from one situation, are deleterious when
growing in another: this difference depending upon the greater
or less quantity of poisonous matter formed, the production of
which may be favoured or suppressed by external physical
circumstances, just from the same cause as Crhrg is said to be
poisonous and Sca-hdh; and Asparagus not eatal^le, when growing
wild, but whi<h become bland and esculent when chance (ir
culture, by ex( hiding light, prevents the formation of their arrid
principle." Jt is however the practice in some districts to use
fungi without any preparation wiuitcver, as in their siuiple state
tliey arc couNidered more wliolesomc and nutritious. This
practice is probably confined to kinds allied in their qualities to
Agaricus campesfris, and l^chwa»grichen assures us, in a letter
quoted by Pnsoon, that in consecjueiue of seeing the peasants
about Nuremb<M'g <'ating raw musliroows, seasoned with anise
and carawav-seed along with their black bread, he resolve<l t«»
try their effect himself, and that during several weeks he a(«»
nothing but bread and raw fungi, as livhtus cdulis. Agaricus
canijxsd is, Agai it us j)r<uri us, <{{'., and drank nothing hut water,
when instead of finding his health affected, he rather cxperiemed
an increase of strength. A few species are recorded as used in

4- FUNGI.

the southern hemisphere, and a kind of Pachyma is known in
V^an Diemen's Land by the name of " native bread."

The Kamtschatkans and Coriacks use Agaricns mnscarhis, or
a nearly allied species, to produce intoxication^ which often
amounts to absolute delirium, and it is most remarkable that the
narcotic property is communicated to the urine of the person
vvho partakes of it. which is in consequence carefully preserved
when the species is scarce, for the renewal of these disgusting
orgies.

The medical uses of Fungiy are probably of far greater
importance than their present very limited application might
lead us to suppose. Several, which were formerly in high
reputation for their active properties, are now altogether ne-
glected or forgotten. Dufresnoy is said to have used Agaricus
emeticus with success in the early stage of consumption, and
doubtless if they were more studied, many of the active species
might afford valuable remedies. However this may be, one, at
least, the Ergot, is a highly powerful and invaluable specific,
causing, as it does, a contraction of the uterus. It is most
curious that this production, when occurring in great abundance
among Rye, as it does frequently where that grain is extensively
cultivated, and unavoidably composing a considerable part of the
bread, gives rise to one of the most fearful and distressing
diseases with which the human race is afflicted, in which the
limbs gradually waste away with horrible pain, and eventually
fall off. Tlie same effect was produced, some years ago, in the
neighbourhood of Bury St. Edmunds, upon several members of
a family who had lived upon bread made from damaged Wheat.
In this case, however, it is not at all clearly proved that the
evil effects did not rise more from decomposition of the corn
than from the presence o^ ergot, a circumstance highly curious,
if correct, and rendered somewhat probable by cases which
have occurred of dreadful illness, from the use of bread made of
musty flour, which in a few hours was infested with mould, the
fungi, however, proving perfectly innocuous, though the use of
the bread itself was attended by the most alarming symptoms.

The liaplanders employ Polyporus fomentarius and some other
species, which when beaten and steeped in saltpetre form most
excellent tinder, known by the name of Amadou^ to remove
pain, by simply laying a small piece upon the part affected and
igniting it. It is said that this remedy seldom fails. Amadou
is also sometimes used like the soft contents of pvff balls as a
styptic, and forms occasionally a material for paper-making.
When used, however, for stopping blood, it must be free from
saltpetre.

In the economy of the world. Fungi perform a most impor-
tant office in hastening the decomposition of dead organized

FUNGI, 5*

matter. It is tins property Nvliicli renders one or two species,
known under the common name of dry rot, such a dreadful
plague in ships and buildings. The disease doubtless originates
on some unsound portion of the wood, but, once established, it
spreads with wonderful rapidity and decomposes tlie sound
wood beneath it, by absorbing its nutritive matter. Tiie remedy
is not difficult, where it is practicable to guard against the
concurrence of circumstances favourable to its progress ; but in
many instances this is impossible. Various schemes have been
proposed for its general prevention, but unsuccessfully, until
JNfr. Kyan impregnated the wood witii corrosive sublimate, a
well known enemy to vegetable life, which by combining with
the nutritive matter of the wood renders it unfit for the support
of vegetation, and as far as such short experience can testify,
completely proved its efficacy. White of ^^^ might probably
be used with advantage on a small scale, as it seems, equally
with corrosive sublimate, to prevent the growth of fungi ;
indeed it is sometimes employed by liouse-kecpers for the pre-
vention of mould by simply covering the articles to be preserved
with paper steeped in it. In herbaria and cabinets, mouldiness
may be kept away by the use of essential oils, or Russia leather.

Fungi are very destructive to corn, in the form q^ Blight,
3Iildeir, Bunt, &c., doing injury not only by a diminution of the
rjuantity but also of the nutritive matter, and as in tlie case of
Bunt, by communicating to the corn an offensive taste and
smell. Tlie growth of these parasites depends so much upon
accidental circumstances, that it is impossible for the most
experienced cultivators to guard against them altogether, but
the evil is greatly lessened by careful choice of seed, by steep-
ing it in solutions of different substances, which destroy tlie
vegetative power of the spori'lia of those parasites, and by a
judicious change of cropping, in the land subject to them. It
appears that the reproductive contents of the sporidia arc
absorbed together with tlie water, containing the nutritive
matter of the soil by the roots. At least it is certain that corn,
sown in soil, which iias been purposely mixed with (ho sporidia,
is infested with the fimgi to which those sporidia belong; and
this lias been proved rdso with regard to one of the eutophytal
])arasites to which Koses are subject. Most plant*^ are preyed
upon by their peculiar para-^it^'s ; Pear-trees, for instance, are
sometimes much irijured bv .IJridiuui cancellatuni, and young
trees planted in their neighbourhood are observed to suffer.

Tlie roots of certain plants, ns StifJ'ron- Crocus, Lucernr^
Convolvulus Batatas, Scz, are frequently exhausted by sub-
terranean fungi. In the case of Saffron, tlie only remedy is* to
insulate tlie infected plot by a deep trench, which should seem
to be a striking proof that these plants are really increased by
seed.

6* FUNGI.

Mucli has been written about the mode in which Fungi
originate and are propagated, and some writers, of considerable
weight, have considered them as the offspring of equivocal
generation, under a certain concurrence of circumstances and
special condition of the elements, from previously existing
organized matter. It is to be observed, however, that this
is a favourite notion with many continental naturalists, and
by no means confined to Fungi, or even to the vegetable
kingdom, as some appear to be of opinion that all organized
beings have thus been produced, in consequence of laws imposed
on matter by the Creator ; wliile a few less scrupulous do not
hesitate to descend into the very depths of materialism. As
far then as any question may be raised with regard to the
propriety of considering Fungi as real vegetables at all, even
if the above stated opinion as to their origin be held correct,
by parity of reasoning, their right to be so deemed is evident.
And according to the views of these writers, it is no objection
to such origin that they contain organs evidently destined for
the reproduction of the species, because it appears to be the
opinion of most of them, that though they originate by an
equivocal generation, they can, when once developed, reproduce
their species by seed.

It is not to be denied that difficulties about the appearance
oi Fungi, as of various other plants and animals, are often great ;
but it seems to me rash and precipitate in the extreme, because
of a few points which at present bailie our powers of investiga-
tion, to have recourse to a principle which its supporters, at
least as many as are at .ill of an humble and submissive frame
of mind, dare not follow out into all its consequences. For my
own part I can affirm, without hesitation, that I have never
read a single essay of these writers without being struck with
the utter inconclusiveness of their reasonings, and with their
Ktrange oversight of points which make against them so plainly
and palpably that the most ordinary unprejudiced reader could
not fail to seize them.

As to many entophytal parasites, such as Urcdines, &c., it is
a fair question whether they may not be mere developments
(anamorphoses, as it is termed) of the tissue of those plants on
which they are produced, though I believe that such an opinion
is untenable, and if it be proved that they are propagated by
seed, which is the fact, as far as the case admits of proof, they
are most clearly true Fungi, and the question then resolves
itself into the general one as to the mode of their origin.

Little is known at present with respect to the geographical
distribution of Fungi, though the study of them with Xh\%
especial view would clearly not be devoid of interest. Many,
indeed, are found in every part of the world, but various forms
are likewise confined within certain limits, and, as in the higher

FUNGI. 7*

plants, the tropics produce some of the richest and most curious.
In general, they alaound most where there is a constant succes-
sion of moisture, and consequently are most numerous in high
latitudes ; but too great lieat does not appear favourable to their
development, as many of the moist tropical woods are said to be
almost destitute of tliem. Little however, comparatively, is
known of tropical Fungi.

It is much to be regretted that the projected revis>ion of his
North American Fimc/i, was not accomplished by that most
excellent mycologist, Schweinitz, as that alone would have
afforded nuicii ground for conten)plation of the forms, charac-
teristic of European and American vegetation, and might have
given some clue to the distribntion of species. In a late number
of the Aymales dcs Sciences jVaturelies, an account is given by
M. Montague of the Fungi transmitted from .Juan Fernandez
by Bertero, consisting of fifty-six species ;* of these it is curious
that there is scarcely more than a third which ;ire not referrible
to well known European species, and only one which requires
the formation of a new genus for its aduiission. One new
species, in Dr. Hooker's Herbarium, which does not occur in
that list, found upon ground on which wood had been burnt, I
have myself discovered in a similar situation in this country,

Beautifid and highly interesting in form and structure as
the objects are of which this present Order is composed, though
much has been done in this country by Hudson, Curtis, Dickson^
Witlurhig, Sldchhouse, JRollon, whose work has been tr.uislated
into German, Btlhan, and esr-pecially /So/re; />//, whose figures are
often nnrivalled for character, though sometimes involved in
nncertainty from the almost total absence of descriptive matter
and neglect of the microscope, towards amassing the matejials
out of which the mycological system of the present day has been
formed, it has of late years, with one or two exceptions, been
h'ss studied than any other branch of Cryptogami*- plants,
'ihis has arisen, I conceive, partly from the practical dilhculty
of preserving specimens for the herbarimn, partly from the
absence of any general work, adapted to the immense advances
wljich have of late years been mad(? in the study of Mycology,
(iray's Natural Arrangement was intended, I >nppose, to snp})ly
this deticiencv, but from a certain mengr«'ne.ss and unsatistac-
toriness, as well as from its having completely the air of a
t ompihition, it appears to h;iv(; been little eouMilted. To hini,
neverlhele>s, is certainly due the merit of having lir>i given \\\c:
IJritish IJotani>t a conneeted account of the iniprove<l arrange-
nuMit, uides.s indeed there may be previously stimething ot liiat
kind in some Encyclopaedia, for 1 possess a c(»py of Alberlini

• Thor* niP a few 8pc( ion from iJorttro in Dr. Iluokci'.-- Ilirlariuni int
iiicludfd in M. Muntugiie'a li^t.

8* FUNGI.

and Scliweinitz' Conspectus, which has been evidently used for
such a purpose, though tlie degree of faith to be placed in it, if
such exist, may be estimated from the fact, that the conductor
gives directions to the compiler to construct, if possible, figures
from the descriptions of such genera as are not represented
in the work itself. As long as \V ithering's book kept pace at
all with the current state of Mycology, students of this Order
appear to have been more numerous ; indeed, notwithstanding
many faults, it contains so much original matter that it may
even now be often consulted with advantage. The additions,
however, which we find in later editions, so far from con-
tributing to its usefulness, have, as it appears to me, often
absolutely destroyed it, as they are frequently erroneous, and
scarcely ever made with any just views either as to genera or
species. A far more valuable publication (if comparison be
made with the later editions of the Botanical Arrangement)
is the Midland Flora, of the late Mr. Purton, well characterized
by the writer of the former volumes of the present work, as
an assiduous and faitliful observer, containing much matter,
and, considering his almost total neglect of the microscope,
really surprising information. This, however, as the title
shows, is only a local Flora, and has, in consequence, perhaps
not received the attention it deserves ; tliongh its author has
not been averse to improvements, and indeed in a manuscript
revision, most kindly prepared witli great care expressly for
this volume, he has remodelled the greater part after the
system of Fries. Almost the whole credit, however, of any
knowledge of fungi which exists at present in this country,
is due to the exertions of Dr. Greviile, whose admirable pub-
lications have at least induced a better mode of study, if they
have not as yet raised so many students as might have been
expected from his labours. Tliat his great work, containing
certainly the most beautiful plates ever published, and which
has been duly appreciated by all the highest authorities, should
not have met with a support sufficient to ensure its continuance,
is too lamentable a proof that such an indifference to the study
of Fungi does exist. Indeed the general estimation in which
it has been held, has put so completely within his power all
the materials of the best mycologists, that it is greatly to be
regretted that the immense stock of information he must have
amassed, should be withheld from the public.

Of the present attempt to coni?)lete the concluding portion of
th6 English Flora, comprising the Fungi, it is needful to say
but a few words. The subject is of such extent that it wa*s
found absolutely impossible for Dr. Hooker himself, with all
his various and important engagements, to give to the world,
though he had long purposed to do so, a detailed account of

FUNGI. 9*

the Order, for which end he had made vast collections, and
for which he was so well prepared from the peculiar attention
he has always paid to Cryptogamic plants in general, to which
his numerous works liave borne, and ever will bear testimony.
The project lias only been abandoned by him gradually and
Avith great reluctance, and it must frankly be confessed tliat it
could never have been taken up by myself without the advantage
of the stores accumulated for his own use. It lias already been
stated that a IMS., containing an amended account of the
species described in the Midland Flora, including such as had
been detected by jNIr. Purton, and especially by Mr. Baxter of
Oxford, whose fasciculi of Cryptogamic plants included many
Fungi, since the termination of that work, was prepared for
Dr. Hooker, who was anxious to obtain the best information
from every quarter. Dr. Klotzsch; now one of the Curators
of the King's Herbarium at Berlin, arranged the whole of his
collection, including that of Captain Carmichael, who has con-
tributed to this Order, as well as to the Algse, an immense
number of species hitherto unknown in Great Britain, together
with authentic specimens of most of Dr. Greville's and Purtou's
species, and those enumerated by Dr. Johnston in the Flora of
Berwick, as also many Fungi, communicated by Mr. AV. AV^ilson
and Mr. Stock. I am mvself indebted to the liberality and
kindness of Messrs. J. D. C. and C. E. Sowerby, for the
opportunity of an unrestricted inspection of the original speci-
mens figured in their father's work, and for the loan of all the
more minute kinds which recpiired much study and microscopic
examination.

It is not pretended that the present volume contains at all a
perfect list o^ British Fungi; numerous yet unobserved species,
1 am convinced, exist in my own immediate neighbourhood,
while districts which were new to me, liave always hitherto
supplied an abundant harvest.

That others may with more certainty add to this list, it is my
intention, if I have health and leisure to do so, to publish Fas-
ciculi of dried Fungi, with an especial reference to this work ;
preparations for which are already made.* Great facilities, as
regards the more succulent Fungi, are now atVorded l)y Dr.
Klotzsch's plan, which is given in Dr. Hooker's Bolanicjl
Miscellanij ; and as it really removes some serious ditticulties
which stood in the way of studying these plants, it may be
well to copy the greater part of the account there given, and
to add a few words, as to the maimer in wliieii Dr. Hookers
ioUection is arranu:«'d.

• III (ho (l.t.iinliiatioii of tlio vnrious «ppri«'S of riingi. it is very CPilnin
thftt iiotJ.iitii rnul.Ts such viiluiil.h' aid to tho student ns the being able to refer
to iiuthi'ulic sj'Ccinicus. \V. J. II.

10* FUNGI.

Dr. Klotzscli writes thus : — *' The method I adopt by which
the Agarics and Boleti may have their characters preserved and
be fit for examination in the Herbarium, is as follows :

" With a delicate scymetar-shaped knife, or scalpel, such as is
found in a surgeon's instrument-case, I make a double vertical
section, through the middle, from the top of the pileus to the
base of the stipes, so as to remove a slice. This, it will be at
once seen, shows the vertical outline of the whole Fungus, the
internal nature of its stipes, whether hollow, or spongy, or solid,
the thickness of tlie pileus and the peculiarities of the gills,
v^'hether equal or unequal in length, decurrent upon the stipes
or otherwise, &c. There will then remain the two sides or
(nearly) halves of the Fungus, which each in itself gives a
correct idea, if I may so express myself, of the whole circum-
ference of the plant. But before we proceed to dry them, it is
necessary to separate the stipes from the pileus, and from the
latter to scrape out the fleshy lamellcp, or gills* if it be an Agaric,
or the tubes of the Boletus, We have thus the Fungus divided
into five portions ; a central thin slice, two (nearly) halves of
the stipes and the same sections of the pileus ;— these, after
being a little exposed to the air that they may part with some
of their moisture, but not so long that they shrivel, are to be
placed between dry blotting paper and subjected to pressure as
other plants ; the papers being changed daily till the specimens
are perfectly dry. When this is the case, the central portion
or slice, and the two halves of the stipes, are to be fastened
upon white paper, together with the respective halves of the
pileus upon the top of the latter, in their original position.
Here will thus be three sections, from which a correct idea of
the whole plant may be obtained. The voha and annulus of
such species as possess them, must be retained.

" With care, even the most fugacious species, such as Agaricus
fimetarius, ovutus, &c , may be very well preserved, according
to tliis method.

" Some of the smaller and less fleshy kinds will not require to
have their lamelJie removed, such as Agaricus filopes, supinvs,
gakriculatus, &c. In collecting fleshy Fungi, care must be
taken that they are not too old and absolutely in a state of
decomposition, or too much infested with the larvae of insects.
When this latter is the case, some oil of turpentine poured over
them will either drive them rapidly from their holes or destroy
them. Species, with a clammy viscid pileus, it is better to
expose to a dry air or the heat of a fire, before being placed in
papers.

* Where the flesh is at all thick, it is requisite to cut out carefully the greater
part of that also, and in large fungi to reduce the thickness of the stem.

FUNGI. 11*

<< The separate parts of the genera Phallus and Ciathrus, I fill
with cotton. I keep them for a time exposed to a dry atmo-
sphere, and then after removing the cotton, subject them to
pressure. The same may be done with the large trcmelloid
PezizcE.''

To this Dr. Hooker adds : — '•' I have witnessed, with groat
satisfaction, the whole of the above process for drying the fleshy
Fungi, and have now many specimens in my Herbarium pre-
served according to this method. Not only is the outline of
the Fanr/us thus retained, and in most instances, its essential
distinguishing character ; but there is this further advantage,
that from the specimens containing a smaller quantity of fleshy
matter, they are infinitely less liable to the depredations of
insects than if the whole Fungus were submitted to pressure.
In order to protect my Herbarium, in general, as much as
possible from these troublesome visiters, I wash (with a camel-
hair pencil) or sprinkle, such specimens as are most subject to
them, with oil of turpentine, in which I put a small quantity of
finely pounded corrosive sublimate. It is true that this sub-
stance is not dissolved in the oil; but by shaking the bottle
before using it, it is widely spread over the specimen so treated,
and remains to protect the plant after the oil lias evaporated.
Spirit of wine extracts the colour from the plant, and soils the
paper on which the latter is fastened, as I have ascertained by
experience."

Dr. Hooker's collection is arranged in the following manner :
For each genus, or if the genus be large, each subgenus or
division, a sheet of cartridge paper is taken, marked in the
centre, a little above the bottom of the fir>t pnge, with the
number of the Class and Order ; then, below this, if the division
of the order or genus is denoted by any name, this is inserted,
and lastly, at the left-hand corner, in the same line, the nnmi)er
and name of the genus, together with the authority on which it
is founded, as follows : —

CLASSIS 2.

OllDO. IV.

13. Srr MAHiA, /V;.. MYXOGASTRES.

The specimens arc glued upon separate pieces of paper, (the
best plan probably is to havt; them 4to., 8vo., l:2nio , foolscrip
size) and these, after they have been labelled in the left hand
corner at the base, are pinned, with very fine pins, at one of the
upper corners to tl»e third page of a sheet of paper, whii h is
soft and flexible, but moderately thick, each sheet thus contain-

12* FUNGI.

ing from four to six specimens. All the sheets are then placed
within the previously prepared sheet of cartridge paper. The
specimens are thus kept in small compass, and from being
secured by pins they do not slip about or rub against each
other, which would be the destruction of many delicate species,
and the first leaf of each sheet, which covers them, forms a
further protection against friction. From being fixed on con-
venient slips of paper, which are readily removed, they can be
examined more easily than if each were glued to a distinct leaf,
as is the custom in other parts of the Herbarium. The larger
specimens are kept in drawers, a ticket being pinned at the
proper place notifying that such is the case.

King's Cliffe, Dec, \, 1835.

ruNGi. 13*

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Suborder I. Hymenomycetes. Ilymenium naked.

Tribe I. Pileati. Receptacle dilated more or less i?i a
horizontal direction^ sometimes hranchedy tending to an orbicular
form. Hymenium inferior. Asci fixed.

1. Agaricus. ^y/??e;«z?<;?i consisting of plates radiating from
a common centre, with shorter ones in the interstices, composed
of a double closely connected membrane, more or less distinct
from the pileus. Veil various or absent, p. I. (species 333.)

Series I. Leucosporus. Sporidia white.

Subgenus 1. Amanita, p. 1. (species 1 — 9.)

2. Lepiota, p. 6. (species 10 — 17.)

3. Armillaria, p. 10. (sp. 18—20.)

4. LiMACiuM, p. 12. (sp. 21—26.)

5. Tricholoma, p. 14. (sp. 27—41.)
G. Russula, p. 20. (sp. 42—50.)

7. Galorrheus, p. 23. (sp. 31 — 72.)

8. Clitocybe, p. 31. (sp. 73—122.)

9. CoLLYBiA, p. 49. (sp. 123—139.)

10. Mycena, p. 55. (sp. 140—167.)

11. Ompiialia, p. 64. (sp. 168—181.)

12. Pleuropus, p. 69. (sp. 182—202.)

Series II. IIyporhodeus. Sporidia pale rose-coloured.

Subgenus 13. Clitopilus, p. 76. (sp. 203—212.)

14. Leptonia, p. SO. (sp. 213—215.)

15. Nolanea, p. 81. (!*p. 216.)

16. EcciLiA, p. 81. (sp. 217—218.)',

Series III. Cojitin aki.\. Sporidia reddish-ochtc.
Veil arachnoid.

Subgenus 17. Tei.amonia, p. 82. (sp. 219—226.)

18. Inoi.oma, p. 85. (sp. 227— 233.)

19. Dermocybe, p. 87. (sp. 23-1—242.)

14* FUNGI.

Series IV. Derminus. Veil not arachnoid. Sporidia
ferrvgineus.

Subgenus 20. Pholiota, p. 89. (sp. 241—248.)

21. Myxacium, p. 73. (sp. 249—250.)

22. Hebeloma, p. 93. (sp. 251.)

23. Flammula, p. 94. (sp. 252—255.)

24. Inocybe, p. 95. (sp. 256—265.)

25. Naucoria, p. 98. (sp. 266—268.)

26. Galera, p. 99. (sp. 269—273.)

27. Tapinia, p. 101. (sp. 274.)

28. Crepidotus, p. 101. (sp. 275—280.)

Series V. Pratella. Veil not arachnoid. Gills changing
colour, clouded, at length dissolving. Sporidia brown-purple.

Subgenus 29. Volvaria, p. 103. (sp. 281—284.)

30. PiALiOTA, p. 105. (sp. 285—290.)

31. IIypH0L03iA, p. 110. (sp. 291—293.)

32. Psilocybe, p. 111. (sp. 294—296.)
S3. PsATHYRA, p. 112. (sp. 297—306.)

34. CopRiXARius, p. 115. (sp. 307 — 315.)

35. CoPRiNus, p. 118. (sp. 316—331.)

36. GoMPHUs, p. 124. (sp. 332— .333.)

2. Caxtharellus. Pihus furnished below with diclioto-
nious radiating branched subparallel folds, not separable from
the flesh, sometimes anastomosing or obsolete, p. 124. (sp. 10.)

3. Merulius. Hymeniiim veiny or sinuoso-plicate. Folds
not distinct from the flesh of the pileus, forming unequal
angular or flexuous pores, p. 128. (sp. 5.)

4. ScHizoPHYLLUM. GiUs radiating from the base, com-
posed of a folded membrane, which is ruptured along their
edge, the two portions of the fold being revolute, bearing asci
only on the outer surface, p. 130. (sp. 1.)

5. D.ED a LEA. Hymeniiun composed of anastomosing gills
or flexuous elongated pores, formed out of the corky substance
of the pileus. p. 130. (sp. 12.)

6. PoLYPoRUS. Hymeninm concrete with the substance of

ruNGi. 15*

the pileus, consisting of subrotund pores with thin simple dis-
sepiments, p. 134. (sp. 45.)

7. Boletus. Hymenium distinct from the substance of the
pileus^ consisting of cylindric separable tubes. Sporidia oblong.
p. 147. (sp. 16.)

8. FiSTULiNA. Hymenium formed of a distinct substance*
but concrete with the fibres of the pileus. Tubes at first wart-
like, somewhat remote, closed, radiato-fimbriate, at length
approximated, elongated, open. p. 154. (sp. 1.)

9. HydnuiM. Hymenium of the same substance as the pileuSy
composed of free spine-like processes, p. 155. (sp. 15.)

10. SiSTOTREMA. Hymenium somewhat distinct from the
pileus, composed of irregularly disposed, curved and gyrose.
lamellate teeth, p. 169. (sp. 1.)

11. Irpex. Hymenium concrete with the substance of the
pileus, torn into distinct spines disposed in rows or in a reti-
culate manner, their bases connected together by lamellate,
sinuous or porous folds. Asci slender, situated only on the
toothed processes, p. 160. (sp. 2.)

12. Radulum. Hymenium tuberculated. Tubercles shape-
less, resembling papillae or rude somewhat angular spines, more
or less obtuse, distant, distinct or irregularly fasciculate, the
inner substance homogeneous with the receptacle. Asci oc-
cupying indifferently all parts of the hymenium. p. 161. (sp. 1.)

13. Phlebia. Hymenium homogeneous and concrete with
the pileus, smooth, venoso-rugose; wrinkles interrupted, disposed
irregularly, straight or flexuous, bearing asci all over. p. 161.
(sp. 3.)

14. Thelephora. Hymenium homogeneous and concrete
with the pileus, even or papillate, the whole surface bearing
asci. p. 162. (sp. 42.)

Tribe II. Clavati. Receptacle vertical, simple or branched,
tendinf/ to a cylindrical form, immarginate. Hyjnenium sitpcrior.
Asci Jixed,

15. Clavaria. Tfrreptarle erect, more or less cylindrical,
homogeneous, confluent with the stem. Hymenium occupying
the whole surface, p. 173. (sp. 20.)

16. Cai-o( KHA. Between horny and gelatinous, tough,
slimy, rooting, without any (TLstinct stem. Asci sk'ndcr. p. 177.
(sp. 3.)

17. Geoolossum. Recej)tacla erect, clnb-shapcd, subcom-

16* FUNGI.

pressed, produced downwards into a distinct stem. Hymemuni
concrete, covering the incrassated receptacle. Asci elongated,
p. 178. (sp. 7.)

18. Spathularia. Receptacle vertical, compressed, running
down on eitlier side into the distinct stem. p. 179. (sp. L)

19. MiTRULA. /?ecej9toc/e ovate, inflated, closely surrounding
with its base the distinct stem. p. 180. (sp. 2.)

20. Typhula. Receptacle somewhat cylindric, distinct from
the capillary stem, bearing sporules on every side. Asci obsolete,
p. 180. (sp. 5.)

21. PisTiLLARiA. i?eceptoc/ie slender, cylindrical, without any
distinct stem, Hymenium even, occupying the whole surface,
but producing sporidia only in the upper part. Asd obsolete,
p. 181. (sp. 5.)

Tribe III. Mitrati. Receptacle bullate^ pileiform, margined.
Hymenium superior, never closed.

22. JNIoRCHELLA. Receptttck pileate. Hymenium costate,
lacunose. p. 182. (sp. 3.)

23. Helvella. Receptacle pileate, deflexed, lobed. Hy-
menium even. p. 184. (sp. 3.)

24. Verpa. Receptacle conico-deflexed, equal. Hymenium
even or wrinkled, p. 184. (sp. 2.)

25. Leotia. Receptacle capitato-pileate ; the margin revolute,
bearing asci beneath as well as above, p. 185. (sp. 3.)

26. ViBRfssEA. Receptacle capitato-pileate ; margin at first
adnate, soon free. Asci emerging from the hymenium. p. 186.
(sp. 1.)

Tribe IT. CupuLATi. Receptacle patelliform, margined. Hy-
menium superior, more or less closed ivhen young and concave.

27. Peziza. Cup more or less concave, soon expanded, the
disc naked. Asci fixed, accompanied by paraphyses (abortive
asci). p. 186. (sp. 106.)

Series I. Aleuria. Fleshy or carnoso-membranaceous,
pruinose, or fioccoso-furfuraceous from the concrete veil.

Subgenus 1. Megalopyxis, p. 186. (sp. 1 — 10.)
2. Geopyxis, p. 189. (sp. 11^16.)

FUNGI. 17*

3. HuMARiA, p. 190. (sp. 17—21.)

4. Enc^lia, p. 191. (sp. 22—23.)

Series 2. Lachnea. Waxij^ rarely fleshy, externally hairy
or villous from the persistent distinct veil. Cup closed ivheii
young.

5. Sarcoscypha, p. 192. (sp. 21—34.)

6. Dasyscypha, p. 194. (sp. 35 — 55.)

7. Tapesia, p. 199, (sp. 56—62.)

8. Fibrina, p. 200. (sp. 63.)

Series 3. Phialea. Waxy or membranaceous^ rarely gela-
tinous, smooth, nahed.

9. Hymenoscypha, p. 200. (sp. 63.)

10. Calycina, p. 202. (sp. 71—84.)

11. MoLLisiA, p. 204. (sp. 85—97.)

12. Patellea, p. 207. (sp. 98—101.)

13. Helotium, p. 207. (sp. 102—106.)

28. Patella ria. Cup open, margined, disc somewhat pul-
verulent, destitute of a veil. Asci connate, without paraphyses ;
substance waxy. p. 208. (sp. 1.)

29. AscoBOLUS. C?<7:> nearly plane, ^.vc? projecting beyond
the surface of the hymenium, at length bursting forth elastically.
p. 208. (sp. 5.)

30. Bulgaria. Cuj) at first closed. Asci immersed, accom-
panied by paraphyses, at length free and bursting forth. Gela-
tinous, p. 209. (sp. 2.)

31. DiTiOLA. Hymenium at length plicate, deliquescent.
Cup open. P'eil universal. Corky, p. 210. (sp. 1.)

32. Tympanis. Hymenium not persistent, but at length
cracking and breaking up. Cup open. Veil partial, p. 210.
(sp. 3.)

33. CENANOiUiM. Hymenium even, persistent, rarely deli-
quescent. Cup closed, at length open, more or less evidently
consisting of two distinct strata, the outer coriaceous or mem-
branaceous, the inner subgrumous. p. 211. (sp. 7.)

34. Sti'ctis. ///y//i<'w///m «'ven, immersed. O/y; more or less
obliterated. yl.sc« slender, \v\i\nmi paraphyses. Sporidia minute.
p. 212. (sp. 6.)

35. Cryptomyces. Hymenium even, irregular, at I«'Mglh
exposed. Cup obliterated. Asci large, accompanied by jtara-
physcs. Sporidia large, i'ontaining .sporidiola. |). 214. (sp. 2.)

lo' FUNGI.

36. Cyphella. Cup concave, pendulous. Sporidia separat-
ing- like dust. Asci none. p. 214. (sp. 1.)

Tribe V. Tremellini. Receptacle various in form^ of a more
or less gelatinous substance. Sporidia (^generally free^ at length
bursting forth.

37. Tremella. Receptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, bearing
fruit all round, destitute of papillae. Sporidia subemergent.
p. 215. (sp. 9.)

38. ExiDiA. Receptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, covered
above only with the papillate hymenium. Sporidia at length
bursting forth elastically. p. 217. (sp. 3.)

39. N^MATELiA. Receptacle gelatinous, surrounding an
heterogeneous compact nucleus. Sporidia bursting forth, p. 2 1 8.
(sp. 1.)

40. Dacrymyces. Receptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, filled
within with suberect y?occ?, and interspersed sporidia. p. 219,
(sp. 3.)

41. Agyrium. Receptacle convex or spherical, even, com-
pact, wax-like, gelatinous when moist, at length breaking up
into sporidia. p. 220. (sp. 1.)

42. Hymenula. Receptacle scarcely distinguishable from the
very thin persistent flat adnate even hymenium, which is of a
soft coriaceous consistence, p. 220. (sp. 1.)

Tribe VI. Sclerotiacei. Receptacle various inform, more
or less compact, fleshy. Sporidia free, subemergent,

43. Pyrenium. More or less globose, rootless ; outer coat
even, of a filamentous structure, filled with a softer substance,
at length more or less hollow, p. 220. (sp. 1.)

44. AcROSP^RMUM. Elongated, subclavate, subcartilaginous,
subhomogeneous within ; apex at length somewhat tumid and
pruinose ffom the sporidia. p. 221. (sp. 2.)

45. ScLERoTiUM. More or less round, rootless, covered
with a thin bark-like epidermis, bearing fruit (but rarely) all
round, p. 221. (sp. 15.)

45. (bis) Periola. Rootless, fleshy, furnished with a per-
sistent villous bark. p. 226. (sp. 1.)

46. Spermcedia. Substance subfarinaceous ; epidermis con-
nate, squamulose or subpruinose. p. 226. (sp. I.)

FUNGI.

19^

Suborder II. Gastekomycetes. Hymenium included within
the uteriform excipulum.

Tribe I. Angiogastres. Uterus distinct from th^ included
proper receptacle^ on which the sporidia are spread.

* Phalloidei. Receptacle distinct, at length bursting through the
excipulum. Sporidia forming a mucous stratum.

47. Phallus. Receptacle stipitate, pileiforai ; border entire,
p. 226. (sp. .3.)

** Tuberacese. Sporangia membranaceous, scattered on the
serpentine, vein-like hymenium, included iji the concrete uterus.
Sporidia at first pulpy.

48. Tuber. Uterus closed, marbled with veins internally.
Sporangia pedicellate, confined to the veins, p. 227. (sp. 2.)

49. Rhizopogon. Uterus sessile, bursting irregularly, marbled
internally with anastomosing veins. Sporangia sessile, p. 229.
(sp. 1.)

*** Nidulariacei. Uterus replete with free or elastically
pedicellate sporangia.

50. Nidularia. Common peridium simple ; sporayigia at
first floating in jelly, furnished with an highly elastic peduncle,
lentiform, fleshy, filled with a compact mass of sporidia. p. 229.
(sp. 3.)

51. Myriococcum. Pmrfmm simple, floccoso-furfuraceous,
evanescent. Sporangia globose ; sporidia conglobated, p. 230.
(sp. 1.)

52. Polyangium. PenV//?/w simple, membranaceous. Spori'
dia oblong, tilled with a grumous mass. p. 230. (sp. 1.)

***♦ Carpoboli. Uterus protruding a solitary distinct spo-
rangium.

53. Atractoholus. Peridium cup-shaped, operculate. /S/x)-
rangium fusiform; s^x)ridi(i mucous, p. 230. (sp. I.)

54. Thelebolus. Peridium sessile, urceolato-ventricose,
mouth entire. Sporangium papilheform ; sporidia mucous,
p. 230. (sp. 1.)

55. PiLonoLUs.* Peridium membranaceous, produced into
a stem shooting forth a globose sporangium r«'plete with
sporidia. p. 231. (sp. 2.)

• ThisKPiiu-H is prrhiips bPttrr ii-Hsociiitoil with UyphomycctfS, between Aica-
phorn and llydrophnrn. S«m« /->. .S|/.»/. Mi/c v. H. p. 312.

20^

FUNGI.

56. Sph^robolus. Subimmersed. Pefidkm double, each
bursting in a stellate manner, internal membrane at length
inverted and elastically shooting forth the globular sporangium
which contains the sporidia in its centre, p. 231. (sp. 1.)

Tribe II. Pyrenomycetes. Uterus confluent ivith the receptacle
(perithecium). Sporidia generally contained in asci and arranged
in one or more rows.

57. Sph^ria. Perithecia rounded, entire, furnished at the
apex with a minute orifice. Asci converging, at length dissolv-
ing, p. 232 (sp. 201.)

A. Compound.

* Peripherics. Perithecia more or less divergent, generally
almost superficial and simply papillated, very rarely piercing the
stroma by an attenuated neck.

Div. 1. CoRDYCEPS, p. 232. (sp. 1—11.)

2. PoRONiA, p. 235. (sp. 12.)

3. PuLViNAT^, p. 236. (sp. 13—19.)

4. Connate, p. 238. (sp. 20—26.)

** Hypopherics. Perithecia vertical, immersed, covered with
the stroma, and piercing it by an attenuated neck.

5. Gleboss, p. 240. (sp. 27 — 28.)

6. LiGNoss, p. 240. (sp. 29—37.)

7. Versatiles, 243. (sp. 38—44.)

8. Concrescentes, p. 246. (sp. 44 — 52.)

*** AjiPHiPHERiCiE. Compound. Perithecia attenuated and
elongated above, disposed in circles, convergent, surrounded by a
spurious persistent stroma.

9. Circumscripta, p. 246. (sp. 53 — 58.)

10. Incusa, p. 248. (sp. 59 — 64.)

11. pBVALLATA, p. 249. (sp. 65— 71.)

12. Circinata, p. 251. (sp. 72 — 76.)

**** EpiPHERic^. Not strictly compound. Perithecia naked^
destitute of a neck, seated upon a stroma which is frequently
spurious, at first covered with the matrix.

IS. CsspiTOSA, p. 252. (sp. 77—86.)

14. CONFLUENTES, p. 254. (sp. 87 91.)

15. SERiATiE, p. 255. (sp. 92—97.)

16. Co\FERTS, p. ^bl. (sp. 98—106.)

FUNGI. 21*

B. Simple.

***** SuPERFlciALEs. Pevkkecia free, hicorticate, seated on
ail effused villous suhicidum or altogether superficial.

17. ByssisED^, p. 259. (sp. 107—111.)

18. ViLLOs^., p. 260. (sp. 112—121.)

19. DENUDAT.E, p. 262. (sp. 122—137.)

20. Pertus;e, p. 266. (sp. 138—139.)

****** SuBiMMERSiE. Pevitkecia immersed, furnished with a
dilated or elorigated osiiolum.

21. Platystom^e, p. 266. (sp. 140.)

22. CERATOSTOMiE, p. 266. (sp. 141 — 143.)

23. Obtect^f:, p. 267. (sp. 144—159.)

******* SuBiNNATiE. PeritJiecia more or less innate in the
epidermis of the matrix. Veil none. Gelatinous contents of the
perithecia more or less persistent.

24. OBTURATyE, p. 270. (sp. 160—163.)

25. SuBTECT^, p. 271. (sp. 164—168.)

26. Caulicol^., p. 273. (sp. 169—184.)

27. FoLiicoLyE, p. 276. (sp. 185—198.)

28. Depazea, p. 279. (sp. 199—201.)

56.* EusTEGiA. Perithecia orbicular, splitting in the middle ;
operculum deciduous. Asci melting .iMay. p. 280. (sp. 1.)

57.* LoPHiUM. Perithecia vertical, compressed, opening by
a longitudinal fissure. Asci breaking up into dnst and escaping,
p. 280. (sp. 2.)

58. SPHiT:RONiEMA. PenV//c<?/a opening by a poro, int lulling
mucous sporidia in a very delicate sac, which at length ooze
forth and harden into a globule, p. 281. (sp. 1.)

59. Cytispora. Perithecia celluloso-multilocu^ar, cells ir-
regular, membranaceous, united above. Nucleus gelatinous, at
h'ugth oo/ing forth in the form of a globule or tendril, p. 281.
(sp'. 6.)

60. Ckctiiosi'oha. Stroma innate, containing one or more
nuclei. Sporidia minute, escaping from the dissolving nucUus.
p. 283. (sp. 2.)

61. PhoMA. /^r/Mrr/Vfobsolete ; 7<//r/t7/.v gruuious, included
in a tubercle formed from tiie nuitrix. Sporidia oozing <»ut
irretrularlv front the simple osliolmn. p. 283. (sp. 4.)

22* FUNGI,

62. Thamnomyces. * Pseudoperitkecia subrotund, formed
from and supported by the shrubby stroma, furnished in the
centre with a mass of free sporidia. p. 284. (sp. 1.)

63. DoTHiDEA. Nuclei contained in the ceils of a common
stroma ; perithecia obsolete. Asci erect, subpersistent. p. 285.
(sp. 16.)

64. AsTEROMA. Cells very small, slightly prominent, close,
subconfluent, seated on more or less distinct radiating fibrillae.
p. 288. (sp. 4.)

65. Rhytisma. Perithecia of no regular form, bursting with
a more or less flexuous fissure into transverse fragments. Asci
erect, p. 289. (sp. 7.)

QQ. Phacidium. Perithecia orbicular, bursting from the
centre towards the circumference in many lacinise. p. 291. (sp. 9.)

67. Hysterium. Perithecia elliptic or elongated, bursting by
a simple longitudinal fissure, p. 293. (sp. 14.)

^ 68. ExciPULA. Perithecia horny, at length opening by an
entire orbicular aperture ; disc soft, subdeliquescent. p. 296.
(sp. 2.)

69. AcTiNOTHYRiUM. Perithecia innate, scutiform, radiato-
fibrous, covering the fusiform sporidia. p. 296. (sp. 1.)

70. Prosthemium. Perithecia. innate, orbicular, very much
depressed, containing an entangled mass of cylindrical, articulated

filaments; to which are attached, two or three together, in radiat-
ing fascicles, the fusiform septate sporidia. p. 297. (sp. 1.)

71. Leptostroma. Perithecia innate, subumbonate in the
centre, dimidiate at length falling ofi^ and leaving a very thin
disc. p. 297. (sp. 3.)

Tribe III. Trichospermi. Peridiwn simple or double, burst-
ing when full grown and pouring forth abundant naked dust-like
sporidia. Sporidia rather large, subglobose, collected more or less
in the centre of the peridium, loose or ijiterwoven more or less with
fiocci. Texture vesiculose.

* Trichogastres. At first jkshy.

72. Batarrea. Receptacle bursting forth from a volva,
stipitate, pileate, the upper surface villoso-pulverulent. p. 298.

(^p-i-) , ,. . .

73. Geaster. Peridium double, outer distmct persistent,
splitting into star-like expanding rays. p. 299. (sp. 8.)

* In the text the word pseudoperidia is used, but perhaps the term grven
aboTe is more correct.

FUNGI. 23*

74. BovisTA. Peridium papyraceous, furnished with a dis-
tinct bark which at length peels off, the whole cavity fertile.
CapillUium equal, p. 302. (sp. 2.)

73. Lycoperdon. Peridium membranaceous, with an adnate
subpersistent bark, furnished within at the base with a spongy
sterile stratum, p. 303. (sp. 5.)

76. TuLosTOMA. Peridium papyraceous, with a deciduous
bark distinct from the stem. Capillitium unequal, p. 305. (sp. 1.)

77. ScLERODER^iA. Peridium hard, clothed with an innate
bark, bursting irregularly. Heaps of sporidia minute, not con-
tained in proper peridiola. p. 305. (sp. 3.)

78. PoLYSACCUM. Common peridium naked, cellular within.
Heaps of sporidia surrounded by generally amorphous peridiola.
p. 306. (sp. 1.)

79. Elaphomyces. Peridium furnished with a warty bark,
not bursting spontaneously, divided within by intersecting veins
into little chambers, p. 306. (sp. 2.) •»

80. Cenococcum. Peridiiim naked, thick, of a hard corky
substance, not bursting spontaneously. Flood none. p. 367.

(sp. 1.)

** Myxogastres. At first very soft and mucilaginous,

81. Lycogala. Pmrfmw determinate, composed of a double
membrane, somewhat warty, persistent, bursting at the apex,
p. 307. (sp. 1.)

82. Reticularia. Peridium indeterminate, simple, naked,
fugacious. Flocci branched and shrubby, reticulated, p. 308.
(sp. 4.)

83. iETHALiUM. Peridium indotcrminate, falling away,
covered with a floccose bark, divided within hy fiocci into cells.
p. 309. (sp. 1.)

84. Srr.-MARIA. Peridium iiulctcrmiMate, falling away, simple,
divided witliin into cells by distiiut regular ascending folds.
p. 309. (sp. 1.)

85. DiDtKMA. Peridium <louble ; outer crust-like smooth
distinct, inner very delicate, p. 310. (sp. 11.)

86. DiDYMiUM. Inner peridium very delicate, membrana-
ceous, bursting irregularly, clothed externally with the bark-
liko ontrr jwridimii, wliich breaks up into little furfuraceous
scales or mealy down. p. 312. (sp. 11.)

«7. Pmvsahim. /VrjV/i>/;/i simple. v<'i\ delicat.', nieinhrnna-

24* FUNGI.

ceous, bursting irregularly, externally naked. Columella none,
p. 314. (sp. 6.)

88. Craterium. Peridium simple, papyraceous, closed by a
deciduous operculum. Columella none. p. 316. (sp. 5.)

89. Stemonitis. Peridium membranaceous, exceedingly
fugacious. Capillitium reticulated, growing on the penetrating
stem. p. 317. (sp. 4.)

90. DiCTYDiUM. Peridium very delicate, persistent. Capil-
litimn innate, forming vein-like reticulations, p. 317. (sp. 1.)

91. Cribraria. Peridium membranaceous, the upper part
falling oflF. Capillitium innate, at length forming a net-work
above, p. 318. (sp. 1.)

92. Arcyria. Peridium splitting all round at the base, the
upper part very fugacious. Capillitium dense, interwoven, elastic,
p. 318. (sp. 4.)

93. Trichia. Peridium simple, persistent, bursting irregu-
larly. Capillitium densely interwoven, elastic, p. 319. (sp. 8.)

94. PERiCHiENA. Peridium persistent, splitting all round,
rarely torn. Flocci few, free, elastic, p. 321. (sp. 3.)

95. LiCiEA. Peridium subpersistent, bursting variously.
Flocci none. p. 321. (sp. 2.)

Tribe IV. Trichodermacei. Peridium composed of loosely
interwoven Jlocci, rarely memhratiaceous, evayiescent in the centre.
Sporidia conglomerate. Texture floccose,

96. AsTERoPHORA. Peridium capitate, floccose above, evanes-
cent. Sporidia angular, p. 322. (sp. 2.)

97. Onygena. Peridium capitate, crustaceous, consisting of
densely interwoven ^occz, evanescent. Sporidia vowa^Qdi. Tex-
ture floccose. p. 322. (sp. 1.)

98. Trichoderma. Peridium more or less rounded, formed
of loosely interwoven flocci, soon obliterated in the centre.
Sporidia dry, collected together in the centre and forming a
sort of disc. p. 323. (sp. 1.)

99. Myrothecium. Peridium more or less rounded, floccose,
evanescent in the centre. Sporidia minute, at first rather gela-
tinous, forming a sort of disc. p. 323. (sp. 1.)

100. ^GERiTA. Peridium spherical, very fugacious. Sporidia
farinaceous, loose, sprinkled over the grumous receptacle, p. 324.
(sp. 1.)

Tribe V. Perisporiacei. Peridium scarcely distinct from

FUNGI. '^a^

the nucleus, Sporidia immersed in pulp, free or i?icluded in peri-
diola.

101. Racodium. Peridium subcorneous, rigid, scarcely burst-
ing, spontaneously subgelatinous within. Sporidia arranged
more or less in a moniliform manner. Thcdlus abundant,
between cottony and spongy, p. 324. (sp. 1.)

102. Lasiobotrys. Peridium carnoso-corneous, collapsing at
the top, filled with a granular gelatinous mass (contained in a
solitary peridiolum ?) Sporidia globose, filled with sporidiola,
Thallus conshtmg of short simple radiating fibres, p. 324. (sp. 1.)

103. Erysiphe. Peridium fleshy, opening at the collapsing
apex, subgelatinous within. Sporidia included in one or more
peridiola, often containing sporifiiola. Thallus floccose, efl^used,
free. p. 325. (sp. 8.)

104. Ch^etomium. Peridium membranaceous, clothed with
hairs which spring from the thallus. Sporidia subpellucid,
mixed with gelatinous pulp. p. 327. (sp. 2.)

105. U.LOSPoRiUM. Peridium subgelatinous, falling to pieces.
Sporidia simple, pellucid, generally surrounded by an hyaline

jjeridiolum. p. 328. (sp. 1.)

Suborder III. Hyphomycetes.

Sporidiferoiis flocci naked {not included in a uterus or seated
on a proper receptacle) distinct, or interwoven into a common
trunk.

Tribe I. Cephalotrichei. Flocci collected into a common
vertical or horizontal spoiidifcrous stroma.

106. IsARiA. Stroma elongated, formed of densely inter-
woven flocci, clothed with patent sporidiferousy/occ?. Sporidia
globose, simple, p. 328. (sp. 1.)

107. Anthina. Stroma vertical, elongated, dihited upwards,
contiguous with the at length rigid, somewhat attenuated .stem,
floccose, covered on all sides witli s})()ridiferous //mt/, free only
at their apices. Sporidia latent, p. 329. (sp. 1.)

108. Ckuatium. *S'^ro//K/ soinewliat horn-siiaped, of a unui-
laginous consistence, sprinkled witli jlorci whicii collapse into
minute granules {conidia) and free sjwridia. p. 329. (sp. 1.)

Till I5H 11. MrcoRiNi. Sporidia rcri/ minute, generated within
the tuhe of the Jlorci, at lenrph collected within or upon the suollm
apices <f the ' Jilanwuts or their branches, sometimes involved in
jelhj, more fre(pienthj cvntained in an inflated persistent reside.

109. Stilbum. Sporidia collected into a solid head, involved
in joliv. /7'.fv/ Curuiiutr a -.olid stem. p. "29. ( sp. 7.)

26'

FUNGI.

110. AscoPHORA. Sporidia (at length?) spread over a
rounded inflated terminal vesicle. Flocci fistulose, septate,
p. 331. (sp. 1.)

111. Hydrophora. Peridiolum at first crystalline, watery,
then turbid, at length indurated, persistent. Sporidia conglo-
bated. Flocci tubular, erect, subseptate. p. 331. (sp. 2.)

112. MucoR. *S/?onWm discrete, contained within a rounded
membranaceous dehiscent peridiolum^ bursting forth when im-
mersed in water. Flocci tubular, more or less septate, p. 331.
(sp. 7.)

113. EuRoTiUM. Pmc??o membranaceous, sessile, springing
immediately from the mycelium, bursting irregularly. Sporidia
globose, minute, pellucid, falling away in water, p. 333. (sp. 1.)

Tribe III. Dematiei. Sporidia springing from corticated
(or opaque) continuous or septate, sporidiferous flocci,

114. Sporocybe. Sporidia simple, conglobated into a ter-
minal head. Flocci somewhat fibrous, p. 333. (sp. 2.)

113. Pachnocybe. /S'^em solid, filiform, swollen above and
forming a receptacle, which is pruinose with the simple sporidia,
p. 333. (sp. 5.)

116. Myxotrichum. Sporidia simple, conglomerated, at
first glued together by a viscid substance. Flocci solid, opaque,
p. 335. (sp. 1.)

117. Helicosporium. AS/?ono?/a flocciform, spirally involute,
septate, at length breaking at the articulations, p. 335. (sp. 1.)

118. Helminthosporium. Sporidia large, often clavate,
septate, at first growing on the erect fibres, p. 336. (sp. 7.)

119. Dematium. Sporidia simple, free, disposed in rows
or conglomerated upon the straight fibres, p. 337. (sp. 2.)

120. Polythrincium. Sporidia free, uniseptate, at length
scattered upon the moniliform /?om. p. 338. (sp. 1.)

121. Cladosporium. /Sjponc^zcf arranged in short moniliform
branchlets, at length falling off. Flocci septate above, p. 338.
(sp. 1.)

122. Macrosporium. Sporidia erect, stipitate, multiseptate,
arising from the delicate septate, evanescent mycelium, p. 339.
(sp. 2.;

Tribe IV. Mucedines. Sporidia arising from tubular sep-
tate pellucid flocci, which are formed of a simple membrane, some-
times arranged in moniliform rows.

FUNGI. 27*

123. Aspergillus. Sporidia (at first included) simple, glo-
bose, more or less disposed in moniliform rows, closely packed
upon the swollen apices of the ^qvUXq Jiocci. p. 33. (sp. 7.)

124. Stachylidium. Sporidia (at first included in a spore)
simple, collected upon proper, short, discrete, lateral branchlets.
p. 341. (sp. 3.)

125. BoTRYTis. Sporidia (at first included) simple, collected
in little sori or towards the apices of the Jiocci and their
branches, p. 342. (sp. 9.)

126. Penici'lliuim. Sporidia simple, globose, disposed in
sori about the penicillate apices of the tubular, septate, fertile

Jiocci. p. 344. (sp. 3.)

127. jMonilia. Flocci tubular, septate, bearing above moni-
liform branches which break up into globose pellucid sporidia,
p. 344. (sp. 2.)

128. Dactylium. T^'/om tubular, septate ; sporidia \oo^e\y
adhering to their apices, clavate or elongated, septate, p. 345.
(sp. 3.)

129. Sporotrichum. /^?occ^■ erect or caespitoso- convergent,
at length flaccid and decumbent, branched, septate, uniform.
Sporidia free, simple, at first interwoven with or covered by
the Jiocci, at length scattered over them. p. 346. (sp. 7.)

130. AcREMoNiUM. Flocci septate, furnished with very
slender lateral branchlets, crowned with a vesicular .^^ore. p. 357.
(sp. 3.)

131. Trichothlcium. *S/7oWt?ia uniseptate, oval, scattered
on the Jiocci. p. 348. (sp. 2.)

132. OimvM. Sjtoridia simple, more or less oval, arising
from the terminal moniliform joints of thojlocci. p. 348. (sp. 7.)

133. Baciri'dium. Flocci septate, the ultimate septa swell-
ing liere and there into oblong deciduous sporidia, filled in the
centre with a grumous mass, their apices hyaline, p. 350.
(sp. I.)

134. SpoRF.XDONhMA. Sporidia rather large, disposed in
rows within the tubular pellucidy/om p. 350. (sp. 2.)

Tribe V. Sepedoniei. Mycelium Jloccose, without any dis-
tinct sporidifcrous Jihuncids. Sporidia heaped toyether, lying upon
and in general sprinyiny from the malri.v.

135. Sepedonium. Sporidia globose, pellucid, filled with
sporidiola, at first covered by the Jiocci of the fleecy myccliufn.
p. 350. (sp. 2.)

28* FUNGI.

136. FusispoRiUM. Sporidia fusiform, pellucid, glued to-
gether into heaps, resting on the matrix, p. 351. (sp. 5.)

137. Epochnium. Sporidia heaped together, springing from
the matrix and adnate with it, oblong, apiculate, septate. Flocci
of the mycelium effused, intricate, mucedinous ; distinct spori-
diferous^om none. p. 352. (sp. I.)

138. PsiLoNiA. Sporidia simple, pellucid, not glued together,
at first covered by the converging^om of the mycelium, p. 352.
(sp. 1.)

Suborder IV. Coniomycetes. Sporidia produced beneath
the epidermis of plants or within the matrix, naked.

Tribe I. Tubercularini. Sporidia glued together into an
erwnpent disc,

139. Tubercularia. Sporidia simple, subglobose, closely-
packed upon an erumpent, distinct, more or less stem-like disc,
p. 35 1. (sp. 4.)

140. FusARiuM. Sporidia simple, at length fusiform, acumi-
nate, somewhat curved, glued together into an innate erumpent
immarginate discoid stratum, p. 354. (sp. 2.)

141. CoRYNEUM. Sporidia fusiform or (clavate), multisep-
tate, adnate by a peduncle, densely and vertically crowded into
a disc, at first glued together, p. 355. (sp. 2.)

Tribe II. Stilbosporei. Sporidia glued together into a
nucleus, without any peritheciwn, under the cidicle of plants, at
length bursting forth together with the gelatine or free.

142. N^MASPORA. Sporidia simple, coloured, collected into
a cellular nucleus, at length flowing forth together with the
gelatine in the form of tendrils, p. 355. (sp. 2.)

143. Septoria. Sporidia fusiform, septate, originating be-
neath the epidermis, oozing forth, p. 356. (sp. 3.)

144. Stilbospora. Sporidia septate (septa sometimes evan-
escent) filled with sporidiola glued together into a nucleus with-
out any t^vot^qy perithecium, at length bursting forth and free. p.
356. (sp. 3.)

145. DiDYMOspoRiuM. Sporiditt uniseptate, glued together
into a nucleus without any perithecium, at length bursting forth
and free. p. 357. (sp. 2.)

146. Melanconium. Sporidia globose (or subglobose),
simple, glued together into a nucleus, without any perithecium,
at length bursting forth and free. p. 357. (sp. 1.)

Tribe III. Sporidesmiei. Sporidia chained together into
flocci, at length free.

FUNGI. 29*

147. Aregma. Sporidia moniliformi-connate, opaque, with
very long free pellucid peduncles, at length separating from
each other, each containing a single globular mass. p. 358.
(sp. 3.)

148. ToRULA. Sporidia chained together into moniiiform
erect flocci, without any common peduncle, filled within with a
grumous mass. p. 360. (sp. 6.)

149. Spiloc/EA. Sporidia simple, closely adnate to the ma-
trix and to each other, at first covered by the epidermis, p.
360. (sp. 1.)

Tribe IV. Hypodermiei. Sporidia unattached or stipitate,
springing Jrom beneath the cuticle of living plants.

130. Gymnosporangium. Sporidia, uniseptate, stalked,
growing from the erumpent stroma, which is formed from the
matrix and agglutinated by gelatine into an irregular, naked,
expanded mass. p. 361. (sp. I.)

151. PoDisoMA. Sporidia mostly uniseptate, stalked, the
stalks joined together into a common stem, above agglutinated
by gelatine into a naked vertical clavarijeform mass. p. 362.
(sp. 3.)

152. PucciNiA. Sporidia 1 — 2-septate, adnate with the
matrix by a filiform peduncle and crowded into a tubercle, which
is at first covered by the epidermis, p. 363. (sp. 37.)

153. iEciDiUM. Sporidia. unattached, contained in a cellular
membranous sac ( pseudo-peridiwn) distinct from tiie epider-
mis and at length bursting at the apex. p. 369. (sp. 31.)

154. Uredo. Sporidia mostly unattached, simple, aggre-
gate, covered by the epidermis, p. 374. (sp. 63.)

ADDENDA et CORRIGENDA.

In the subgenus Collybia of Agaricus, between A. scorodonius
p. 49, and A. esculentus, p. 50, add

A. carneuSy Bull, {small flesh-colou7-ed Agaric) ; pileus subcarnose
even ruddy flesh-colour, gills adnexed white, stem somewhat stuffed
short squamulose. Bull. t. 533. f. 1. Fr. S//st. Myc. v. I. p. 130.

In pastures, among grass. Aug, and Sept. Not uncommon in
Norths. Hev. M. J. Berkeley — Pileus 1 inch or more broad, plane,
subcarnose, often slightly umbonate, firm, shining rufous-pink, rather
undulated ; flesh white. Gills white, crowded, rounded behind with a
short subdecurrent tooth. Stem 1 inch high, H line thick, of the same
colour as the pileus, stuffed below, at length hollow and frequently
splitting, villoso-squamose. A. puniceus. With, agrees in many re-
spects ; but its pileus is described as clothy.

In the subgenus Mycena, after A. epipterygius,p. 62, add

A. roridus, Fr. {dripping Agaric) ; pileus campanulate at length
umbilicate, gills white decurrent, stem slender flaccid glutinous. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. \. p. 156. — /S. stillans, pileus convex plicate dirty yel-
low, stem very long. Fr. I. c.

fi. On dead bramble twigs, &c. Sept. Lambley, Notts. Fineshade,
Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley and R. T. Lowe. — At first appearing
like a minute, brownish ochre-coloured, hemispherical, sessile knob.
Pileus ^ an inch or more broad, dirty ochraceous, at length umbilicate
and slightly depressed, striate or plicate, often rugose, very minutely
scabrous under a high magnifier. Gills white, strongly decurrent,
broad, their edge powdery. Stem H inch or more high, very slender,
fistulose, at first tinged with violet above, at length dirty-ochre, pul-
verulent within the pileus, below clothed with abundant white pellucid
gluten which almost drips from it. Sometimes the whole plant is
nearly white. I do not find the pileus ever conic, as it is described by
Fries in the normal state of the species.

Insert the following description of A. pyxidatus, p. Qo.

Amongst grass in exposed pastures. Oct. Apethorpe, Norths.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Pileus infundihuliform, bistre, at length turning
pale with a pinkish tinge, scarcely subcarnose, the centre quite mem-
branaceous and at length often pervious. Gills narrow decurrent,
distant, rather thick, slightly rufescent. Stem flexuous. Solid at

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 31*

first, then hollow especially above, thickened and pubescent at the base.
Having lately met with this species abundantly, the above description
and locality are inserted, as its claim to admission into the British
Flora rested before upon A. turfosus, Sow., which is not altogether
free from doubt.

Page 80. Agaricus canaliculatus, Grev. in Syn. Spec. (A. turgi-
dus, Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl.) is, I believe, not the true A^ canaliculatus,
Schum., but, as Fries suspected, the woodland state of A. nebularis.

Immediately after A. varius, p. 87, in the subgenus Inoloma, add

A. turbindtus. Bull, {top-shaped Agaric); soft, pileus viscid even
yellow or tawny, gills crowded very entire yellow at length cinnamon,
t.tem bulbous white. Bull. t. 1 10. Fr. Si/st. Myc. v. I. p. 225.

In woods. Oct. King's Cliffe, Norths. Bev. M. J. Berkeley. —
Pileus 2 — 3 inches or more broad, convex, scarcely umbonate, at length
often d(;pressed, viscid when moist, at length shining very even, yellow-
tawny, carnose ; epidermis easily peeling off". Gills numerous, yellowish
then cinnamon, acutely adnate. Stem 2 — 3 inches high, ^ an inch or
more thick, bulbous at the base and often marginate, solid, not the least
violet. The description given under A. glaucopus, belongs to A. cal-
lochrous. a., carne fracta stipiteque subtenui purpureo-violaceis.

Immediately after A. volvaceus, p. 104, in the subgenus Volvaria,
add

A. speciusus, Fr. {beautiful Agaric); pileus smooth viscid yellow-
bistre, at length white-grey, gills flesh-coloured, stem solid attenuated
upwards villous as well as the loose volva. Fl. Dan. t. 1737. Fr.
Si/st. Myc. V. I. p. 278. — Amanita speciosa, Fr. Obs. 2. p. 1.

Amongst rotting weeds. Oct. South wick, Norths. Bev. M. J.
Berkeley. — Pileus at first globose, very viscid, covered by the white
downy volva, at length expanded, plane, subumbonate, 2 — 3 inches or
more broad, yellow-bistre, the centre very dark, at length white-grey,
the edge pinkish, striate, flesh brownish towards the disc. ^^7/*- at
first pale yellow, ventricose, broader in front, flesh-coloured when old.
Stem 3 inches or more high, ^ an inch or more thick, bulbous at the
base where it is surroundeil by the loose volva, which passes com[)lcteIy
beneath it, villous as well as the volva, juicy, somewhat fibrous.

Immediately after A. semiglobatus, p. 108, in the subgenus Psaliota,
add

A. sf/uamosus, Pcrs. {gmreful scaly Agaric) ; pileus slightly viscid
yellow clothed with scattered conctntric scales, gills adnate blackish-
stem stuffed, villoso-squamose behnv the ring. Pirs. Syn. jt. 409. Fr.
Syst. Myc. v. 1 . p. 284.

In woods. Wothorpc, Nt)rtlis, J{rr. M. ./. Berkeley. — Piltus 1
inch or more broad, at length nearly plane, obtuse, slightly viscid,
shining when dry, ochre tinged with red-lcail, clothed with concentric
yellowish scattered scales, (iills broad, crowded with olive-black or
pnrpli.sh-brown. Stcin 3 inches or more high, 2 lines thick, filled with
a white pith, at length hollow, furnished halfway up with a Miberect
ring, above which it is white and j)ulverulent, below ferruginous anti
villoso-squamose, striposo at the slighflv incrassnted bnsc.

d

32* ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

Phallus caninus, }). 227, add this habitat,

Wood behind the manse of Stevenston, Ayrshire. Rev. D, Lans-
borough. — A very interesting addition to the Scottish Flora.

45. ** Rhizoctonia. Dec. Rhizoctonia, p. 226.
Irregular, clothed with an inseparable very thin membranaceous bark,
joined by root-like fibres.

1.^. Crocorum, Dec. (Crocus-blight) ; rufous, fibres few expanded
into a disc on the bulbs. Dec. Mem. Mus. v. 2. p. 216. Fr. Syst.
Myc. 2. p. 265. Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 461. — Sclerotium Crocorum,
Pers. Syn. p. 119. — Tuber parasiticum, Bull. t. 456. — Thanato-
phytum Crocorum, Nees, f. 135.

On the roots of Saffron. Introduced on the authority of Loudon's
Hortus Britannicus. — Bulliard describes the flesh as composed of
little imbricated scales ; Chevallier as containing small rounded slightly
compressed sporangia ; his figure accords exactly with that of Bulliard.
The genera Arnphisporium and Dichospoi'ium, though included in
Loudon's list, are omitted, as their affinities and nature are altogether
uncertain.

At/?. 289. Asteroma Cratdgi, Berk, (Service Asteromd) ; epiphyl-
lous, spots brown, fibres radiating from the centre, branched distinct
whitish, at length black from the very minute connate nodular peri-
thecia. — Actinonema Cratcegi, Pers. Myc. Eur. 1. p. 52. Fr. El. 2. p.
151. Moug. 6r Nest..' n. 864.

On living leaves of Cratcegus torminalis. August. Fineshade,
Norths. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Barren when hypopliyllous. A most
elegant plant in the perfect state, and I believe a true Asteroma.

ALPHABETICAL LATIN INDEX

GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES AND SYNONYMS IN THE
SECOND HALF OF VOL. II.

ACRSMONIUV, Lk.
altcrnatum, Lk.
fuscum, Scfmi.
verticillatum, Lk. .

ACROSPEKMU.M, Tod. .

com press um, Totl. .

cormitum, Fr.
Acrosiwriutn

fasciatlatum, Grcv.

vioniliuUlcSt Grcv. .

moniliuiilis, Nccs^ .
AcT'.NoTin nil M, Kun.

graminis, Kun.
A:ciuilm, Pers.

Adoxa, Graves,

albescens, Grtv.

Allii, Grcv.

Aim Ursini, Pers. .

Anemones, Pers.

Ari, Berk.

Behenis, Dec.

Berberidis, Pers.

Bunuiturr}, Lk.

Buriii, Dec. .

Callha', Grcv.

cancellaluin, Pers. .

PAGE

347
347
347
347

221
221

349
349
iW8
296

PAGE

Rhaynni, Purt. . 373

.Ecidium rubellum, Pers. 369

372
372

369
369
371
369
372
371
370
370
371
373

Cichoraceuruin, Johnst 370

conjcrtum, Cirev. . 371

cornutuni, Pers. ,. 373

crassum, Pers. 373

Cralwgi, Purt 373

Cupariistu; M. & N. 374

Epilobii, Dec. . 372

KuphorLia-, Pers. . 374

ficaria, Purt. . 371

Cieranii, Dtc. . . 371

CiroMularia', Dec. . 372

Jacobuw, Grcv. . 370

laceratutii, .Siau. 373

J.t.pstini, Purt. 370

leui-(>b|K.-tinum, Dee. 371

/t/c/iiiidealuw, Lk. . 372

Mentha-, Dec. 369

Mentha- Sow. 378

Orobi, Dec. . 373

Oxyacnntha, Pers. . 373

Periilviiieni, Dec. . 370

Pini.y'.T*. 374

J'refutnthu, Peru. IflO

Primula-, Dee. .'«a»

uuadiilidum, /><■(-. . 37!
nanunculaiearum, Dec. .'i70

Jianuncvli.iHjvr. rj71

Btidi, Sow
Jiuniicis, Pers.
Euvticis, ^. Pers.
Senecionis, Dcsm.
Soldanella;, Hen~n.
Taraxaci, Grev.
Thalictri, Grcv.
TrancjM^i, M. & N.
Tragopogonis, Pers
TussiUiniuis, Pers.

296 Valerianacearym, Dub. 370

Viola, Sc/ium.

l'iolaru7}i, Johnst,

Urticai, Dec.
.£gerita, Pers.

Candida, Pers.

setusa, Grev.
JEtualium, Link.

Jlavum, Grev.

septicum, L.
Agaricufn, &c., Mich.

AOAHICL'S, L.

abUtinus, Bull.
Acicuta, Sow.
acris, lioit.
acuminatus, Scha-ff.
adherens, A. S( S.
adha-sivus, \N'ilh.
adiposus, Jialsch,
adnatus, Hutls.
Adonis, Hull,
adscendens. Bolt.
adu.ihts, Pers.
adust us. With.
aduslus, var. Grcv
Hruginoitus, Curt.
Hffims, Pith.
aibellus, .SehcrfT
ollxi-brunneuti, Pers.
alcalinu.i, /■>.
ailiaii-us, Jaeq.
all Ulceus f ISull.
alliatm, .Seha-li:
ainevt, I...
alu-matus, .Schum.
alumnus, ISolt.
alutaceuf, J'lrs.
Atnanttu- IlatM-h,
anuirus, Hull.
aniarus, .Vhu-H'
ametMf/stiHtds, Holt.

382
369
372
370
369
370
371
370
370
370

372

372

374

323

324

353

309

309

309

155

1

132

100

25

116

38

38

91

111

60

101

23

101

23

109

98

76

15

57

5:>

4h
49
130
121
51
21
51
110

;ui

41

androsaceus, L.
androsaceus, Hull. .
anisatus, Koques, .
annularis, Hull,
anomalus, Fr.
annularis, Hull.
annulalus. Holt.
appendiculatus. Bull,
applicatus, Batschy .
araneosus. Bull.
aramosus. Bull.
araneosus, Hull.
araneosus, Hull.
arancosMs, Sow.
ardosiacus. Bull.
areolatus, Klotzsch,
argyraceus, BuU. .
aridus, Pers.
Armeniacus, Sc/ia^ffl
aromaticus. Sow. .
arvensis, Scha-lt.
aspcr, Ptrs.
atomatus, Fr.
atramentarius, Bull.
atro-albus. Boll.
atro-cyaueus, Pers.
aurantio.Jerrutihuus,

With. .
aunmtius. Curt.
auranlius, 11. Dan.
autanttus. Sow.
auratus, \Vith.
aureus, Bull,
auricotuus, Hatseh, .
aurivellus, Balsih, .
auriveiuus, Hati>ch,
azunttes, HulL
axonites, Hull.
badius, \N ith.
bellUR, Pers. .
brtu/inus. Holt.
brtuhnus, L.
b^dutt Hull. .
bilrons, Bt rk.
blanduii, Berk.
blenniua, Fr. .
bolettfortnis. Sow. .
Boltoni, Pers.
b<iinb)cir)Uii, SfAtt;/f."
bruhht-u*. f'ers.
Itueeniahs, Siw.
bollMwui, Svu>.
I'Ulbosus, liuda.

PAQB
53
53
36

12

7

113

75

-87
85
78

112
18
96

as

14
106

115
119
56

91
40
40
41
21
«0
98
91

in

29
3U

42
74

131

22
114
20
26
132
117
104
83
65
B4
20

INDEX.

PAGE

bulbosus. Bull. . 1

BiUllardh Fl. Dan. 28

buUaceus, ^«/^. . 114

butyraceus, Bull. . 46

ccer ulcus. Bolt. . 35
callochrous, Pers.
callosus, Fr.

camarophyllus, A. Sf S. 38

Campanella, Balscfi, 66

campanulatus, Pers. 21

campanulatus. With. 117

campanulatus, SchcefF, 100

cainpanulceformis, Purt. 103

campestris, L. . 106

camptophyllus, Berk. 62

canaliculatus, Schum. 34

candicans, Pers. . 36

candicans, SchcefF. . 107

candidus. Bull. . 52

Candollianus, Fr. . 113

canescens, Batsch, . 102

Cantharellus, L. . 125

cantharelloides. Sow. 125

cantharelloides. Bull. 125

caperatus, Pers. . 90

capillaris, Schum. . 61

carbonarius, Batsch, 116
carbotiariustvar. Batsch, 115

carcharias, Pers. . 10

carneus, Schceff. . 41

carnosus. Sow. - 45
caryophyllacem, SchcefF. 48

castaneus, BuU. . 89

castaneus. Bolt. . 89

caseus. With. . 34
candicinus, Tratt.
caulicinalis, B/clL
cepsstipes, Smv.
ceraceus, Wulf.
cerasinus, Berk,
cereolus, SchcefF.
cernuus, Miill.
cerussatus, Fr.
cervicolor, Pers.
cervinus, SchcefF
chalybeus, Pers.
chatmeles. Bull,
chioneus, Pers.
ciliaris. Bolt. .
cilicioides, Fr.

cimicarius, Purt. . 28

cimicarius, var. With. 28
cinereo-rimosus, Batsch. 44

54
7
40
12
107
114
37
97
79
80
39
75
116
24

cinereus, Bull,
cinereus, Roques, .
cinereus, Soma,
cinnamomeus, Linn,
cirrhatus, Pers.
citrinus, With.
Clavus, Bull.
Claims, Batsch,
Clavus, Bull.
Clavus, SchcefF
Clypeolarius, Bull. .
cli/peolarius, Fl. Dan.
clypeolarius, var. With.
coccinellus, Ehrh. .
coccineus, Wulf.
coccineus. Bull.
coccineus. Sow.
cochleatus, Pers.
coUinitus, Soiv.
colubrinus, Bull.
colubrinus, Tratt.
columbarius, Bull. .
cohmibarius. Sow. .
Columbetta, Fr.
coniatus, Miill.
compacttis. Sow.
compressus. Sow.
confluens, Pers.

conchatus. Bull,
conchaius, var. Purt.
conjlitens, Sow.
congregatus, var. Purt.
congregatus. Bolt. .
congregatus. With. .
conicus, Schoeffi
conigenus, Pers.
connatus. With.
conspersus. With. .
constr!ctus,\Fr.
contiguus. Bull.
coriaceus. Bull.
cornucopioides. Bolt.
corrugatus. With. .
corrugis, Pers,
corticola, Bull,
corticalis. Bull.
Cossus, Sow.
crassipes, SchcefF.
cretaceus, With,
cristatus, BoU.
croceus. Bolt.
croceus. Bull,
crustuliniformis, Bull.
Cucumis, Pers.
cuneifolius, Fr.
cyaneus. Bolt.
cyanoxanthes, SchcefF
cyathiformis. Bull. .
cyathiformis. Bull. .
cyathiformis, Fl. Dan.
cyathiformis, SchcefF.
cyathoides. Bolt.
cylindricus, SchcefF
cylindricus, var. With.
cylindricus, var. With,
dealbatus, Sow. I.
decolorans, Pers.
defossus, Batsch,
deliciosus, L.
delic'osus, var. Batsch,
denticulatus. Bolt. .
depresstis. With.
digifalifor?nis, Bull.
dimidiatus. Bull.
dimidiatus, Bull.
dimidiatus, Schceff.
disseminatus, Pers.
domesticus, Bolt. .
dryinus, Pers.
dryophyllus, BuU. .
dryophyllus. Sow. .
dubius, SchcefF.
Dunalii, Bee.
Duboisii, Johns.
durus. Bolt,
eburneus, BuU.
eburneus. With.
echinatus. Sow.
edulis, Roques,
elasticus. Bolt.
elasticus. With,
elatus, Batsch,
elegans, Pe)'s.
elixus. Sow.
emeticus, Schocff". .
ephemerus, Bull.
epiphyllus, Pers.
epiphyllus. Bull,
epipterj'gius, Scop,
epixylon. Bull.
Epixylon, /3. Pers. .
equestris, Bolt.
ericcBUs, Bull.
ericetorum, Pers, .
erinaceus, Fr.
esculcntus, Wulf. .
evernius, Fr.
excelsus, Fr.
cxcoriatus, Schwff. .

PAGE

71
70
69

120
12

120
40
50
95

121
11

101

131

115

115
62
62
13
45
8
9
10
40
94
99
44

109
22
68
67
31

101
68

118
, 119

121

25
43
26

118
70
71
70

118

121
70
47
47

131
68
64

107
13
39
74

106
12
45
93
59
38
21

123
55
53
62
75

103

117
39
66
98
50
83
5
7

exsuccus. Otto,
fenisecii, Pers.
farinulentus, SchcefF.
farinaceus. Bolt.
farinaceus, Purt.
fascicularis, Huds. .
fascicularis, var. Purt.
fastibilis, Pers.
fertilis, Pers.
fibrillosus, Pers.
fibrosus. Sow.
Fibula, Bull.
Jicoides, Bull.
Jicoides, With.
fUamentosus, Schoeff.
filicinus, Pers.
fi lopes, BuU.
fiinbriatus, BoU.
Jimetarius, Sow.
fimetarius. Bolt,
fimiputris. Bull,
fistulosus. Bull.
fistuiostiS, Bull,
flabelliformis, BoU.
Jiabelliforyms, Schceff.
flabelliformis. Sow. .
flaccid us, Sow.
flammans, Batsch, .
flavidus, Schccjf-
flavidus. Bolt.
flavipes. With.
flavo-fioccosus, Batsch;
flexuosus, Pers.
flexuosus, Pers.
floccosus, SchcefF
fioccosus. With,
flocculosus, Berk. .
Flurstedtensis, Batsch;
fcetidus, Sow.
foetidus. With,
fcetens, Peis.
foraminulosus. Bull.
fragilis, SchcefF
fragrans, Sow.
fucatus, Fr. .
fuligineus, Pers.
fuliginosus, Fr.
fulvo-fzdigineuSi
ftdvosus. Bolt,
fulvus, Betx, .
fulvus, Bull. .
fumosus, Pers.
furcatus, Larn.
furcatus, var. Fr. .
furfuraceus, Perr -
furfuraceus. Bull i
fusco-fiavus. With .
fijisco-pallidus. Bolt .
fusco-purpureus, Pers.
fuscus, SchcefF
fusiformis. Bull,
fusipes, Bull. ,\

fusipes, b. Fr.
galericulatus, Scop. "
galopus, Pers.
Georgii, With.
gentilis, Fr.
geophyllus. Bull,
geotrupus. Bull.
gibbus, Pers. ...
giganteus. Sow.
gilvus, Pers, .
gilvus, Grev. .
gilvus, SchcefF '
glandulosus. Bull. .
glaucopus, Schocff- • '
glaucopus, var. Wjth.
glaucus. Bull.
glaucus. Bull.
glutinosus. Bull.
glutinosus. Curt.

Pers.

PAGE

31
112
114
41
83
111
110
94
77
113
95

74
91
63
56
37
119
118
116
58
58
72
70
74
32
92
94
117
62
10
30
30
91
92
97
102
54
73

25

38
45
45
58
58
105
83
98
33
32
33
31
33
94
71
87

74
15
lOh

INDEX.

m

gluiinosus, Schceff. .
glyciosmus, Fr.
Gamphus, Pers.
gracilis, Pcrs.
grammopodius, BuU.
granulosus, Batsch,
graveoleris. Sow.
graveolens. With. .
griseo-cyaueus, Fr.
haustellaris, Fr.
hclvolus. Bull.
helvolus, Pers.
ftrivus, Fr.
Hendersoni, Berk.
Ht-rcynicus, Pers. .
heteroclitus, Pcrs.
hinnulius. Sow.
hippopinus. With.
hirsutus, Scha?ff.
Hookeri, Klo(zsc/i,
horizontalis, BiJl. .
horizontalis. Sow. .
Hudsoni, Pers.
hybrUiits, Sow.
hydrogravimus. Bull.
hydrophilus. Bull. .
hyj)iiophilus, Pers.
hyptionim, Sc/irauk,
hypothejus, Fr.
Jiypni, Uatsch,
hysginus, Fr.
j^corinus, With.
ileopoilius. Bull,
iliopodius, Bull.
Irabricatus, Fr.
imbricatus, Batsch,
imbricatus, Batsch,
impribrr, Batsch,
impi/ber. Sow.
inaina;nu3, Fr.
incerlus, Schocff.
inconstans, Pcrs.
incrassatus. Sow.
infundibuliformis, Bull,
infunitilmliforttiis, Bolt.
infundiljulijhrviis, g. Fr.
inodorus, BulL
inopus, Fr.
inornatus, Smv.
inquilinus, Fr.
micgcr. Bolt
itUfger, par. With.
integer, var. With,
intcgrcllus, Pcrs. .
intratus, Pers.
intybaccus, /iny, .
involutus, Batsch, .
Iris, Berk.
juncicola, Fr.
Kemusinus, Ft. Dan.
Kt^rtnesinus, Holms.
labyrmthijormis. Bull.
lachrymahnndus. Bull.
lachrymalis. With,
larcntus. Scop.
lacratta, (Jrev.
lacteus, Pcrs.
taclijluia, .Vhu'fl". .
tactifliius, .Sow.
lanalus. Sow.
lanugiiHMu*, Bull. .
laricinus. Bolt.
la.icivu«, Fr.
latcrnlLt, Srhn'tl'.
Intcriiui!*, Fr.
laterinus, BatiMh, ,
latpritiun, ScfiirjT .
taterilius, .Slurtr.
talus. Bolt
latttt, par. With.
Icntus, Prr$, .

AGE

124

29
124
115

37

10
94
94
80

102
89
83
28

122
84

102
83
50

1.32
97
63
35
()5
95
77

113
75

100
14

100
20

124

17
91
91
18

a3

43
151
70
22
32
126
33
98
95
37
W
22
22
21
64
44
1.37
101
6(1

m

41

at

131

no

100
41
41
fW
27
28
UH
98
12
42

101
99
9-i

110

111
79

KVi
9j

leoninus, Schceff.
lepideus, Fr.
leucoccphalus. Bull.
leticopesus. Holms.
liucophyllus, Pers.
leucosatUhus, Pers. .
lignatilis, Bull.
lig7ior7i»i, Schceff .
litnacinris. So ho? IF. .
liinaciiius. Sow.
li/nba/us, Utilrnsk. .
limonius, Fr.
Listeri, Sow. .
lAsteri, Sow. .
Lbteri, var. With.
Listeri, var.
livido-ochraccus. Berk,
livido.purpureus. With.
livido.rubcscens, Batsch,
lividus. Bull, .
llvidus, Huds.
l(>l)atus, Sow.
loiiiiijKS, Bull.
Lovcianus, Berk.
luridus, Schceff'.
luridus. Bolt.
luridus, Pcrs.
lustre. Bull,
luteo.albus. Bolt. .
luteus, Huds.
luteus, With.
lycoperdimoides. Bull.
lycoperdonoides. Sow.
viticer, With.
macroccphaluR, Berk.
macrorhizus, Pers.
maculatus, A. Sf S.
maculatiis, Schceff. .
madreporus, Batsch,
mammosus. Bolt. .
ynarginatus, Batsch,
Maria?, Klotzsch, ,
mastrucatus, Fr.
medius, Schurn.
meleagris, Smu.
rrwleagris. With. .
melinoides, Bull,
melinoides. Bull,
melleus, Vahl,
fnenibrartacais. Bolt,
mctachrous. Fr.
micaceus, BuU.
milluf. Sow. .
miniatus, Fr.
niiniatus, SchonlF. .
minutulus, Scha-ff.
mitis, PtTS.
mollis, SchaJJf'.
mot /is. Bolt. .
viollis, Johust.
nittlliiueutns, Sow. .
tnomentanetis. Bull.
Moucerun, Bull,
mucidui, Schrail. .
tnwotids. Bull,
multirunni!*, Schnjf.
murali<(, Smv.
murinnceui. Bull. .
tnurinus. Sow.
muxrariuf, I>.
muscarius, var. Purt.
vtusrariui, var. 2. Purt
viusciirius, Siw.
tnusearms, var. Willi.
tausearms, tvir. With,
inut.ibili!*, Srhu:0: .
mulahdis, V\. Dan.
mutalMlis, S<iw.
trtyottrn, \UM.
tni/oites, SchcrfT
tuyuinyccs, Peru.

PAGE

78

104
16

119
25

108
60
21
8

322

322

117

122

120
45
4
18
77
92
4
74

105
9
8

100

100
11

117
67

120
37
41
39

118
74

102
31

102
79

12.3

it

93

IS

(«

4,3

82

4

2

4

2

6

113

v:yomyccs, var. Pers
nanus. Bull,
nebularis, Batsch, .
Necator, Bull.
Kecator, Hull.
Necator, var. With,
nigresceus, Lasch. .
nigricans. Bull.
nigricans, Tratt.
nigripes. Bull.
nigrijics, .Sow.
nitens. Bull. .
nitens. Sow.
nitidus, Pers.
nitidus, Fl. Dan.
nivalis, Grev.
niveus, Pers.
nivi-us, Schceff.
niveus. Sow.
nudus, Bull. .
nudus, var. With. .
nutans. Sow. .
obtectus. Bolt,
ocellatus, Fr.
ochraceus. Bull.
ochraceus, Pers.
otlorus, BuU.
CDdematopu.«, Smv.
O'dcrnatopus, Sibth.
olivacef)-albus, Fr.
olivaceo-fuscus, Fl.
olivaceus. With.
opacus. Sow. .
Or cades, With,
oreadcs, Bolt,
orichalceus, Batsch,
ostreatus, Jacq.
ovatus. Curt.
ovinus, BulL
pachyphyllus. Berk,
pachypus. Holms. .
pallidas, Schopff.
pallidus. Sow.
paUor, Batsch,
palmatus, BuU,
paiinoides, Fr.
panthurinus, Dec. .
papilionaccus, BuU.
pajiyraccus, Pers. .
parasiticus, BuU. .
pascuus, Pers.
paupcrculus. Berk. .
parvus. With.
pecti/iatus. Bull.
pectiturceus. Bull. .
pelianthinus, Fr. .
pcronatus, BoU,
ptTOtuitus, t<ar. With,
fterpendicularis, BulL
jKTSonatus, Fr.
(tetaloides, BuU.
IH'zizoides, Sees,
phnlloide«, Fr.
phletxiphoru!), DUtu.
phonosjk-nnus. Bull,
phyllophilu*. Pcrs. .
picacou*, BuJL
pileo/arius. Sow.
pili|H>«, .^imv. '
pditsus, BatM-h,
pditsut, Hud.s.
ftUosus, var. With, ,
pilKTatu*, ."m-i'O.
jufttrnlus. Bull.
pifxralus, U .
pilhTiiius, var. Pcr».
pl«nu», IMt.
jjanus, Purt.
piicililu. Saw.
jitieatus, ScLii'fl!
plunilM'Ui, Ifttll.

PAGE

18
60
34
24
24
24
St
23
71
4t
99

116
13
21
II
3

121
39

103
20
20
62

119
51
10

Dan,

40
13
II
21
37
48
48
86
71

119
44
16
87
76
96
51
73

102
4

116

117
52
81
57
65
21
22
43
47
48
bO
19

n

ina

1

79
77
St
119
33
01
50
55
91
31)

V4
31

74
7«
l«
62

29

IV

INDEX.

PAGE

PACE

pagb

pluynbcus. With. .

2

sanguinolentus, A. c*- S

:. 59

tigrinus, Bull.

69

pliiuiosus, BoU.

96

sapidus, Roques,

21

Tintinnabulum, Batsch

, 118

poUtus, Bolt. .

109

sapineus, Fr.

95

titubans. Bull.

117

polygrammus, Bull.

58

scabeUus, A. & S. .

54

iomentosus. Bull.

120

polystictus, Berk. .

9

scaber, MM.

96

torrainosus, Schceff.

24

pomposus, I3olt.

110

scarlatinus. Bull. ,

41

torminosus, Purt. .

24

porcellaneus, SchoefF.

118

scaur us, Fr.

86

torvus, Fr.

82

porreus, Fr. .

48

scorodonius, Fr.

49

tremulus, Schceff. .

74

porrigens, Pcrs.

7-i

sejunctus, Sow.

19

tremulus, Batsch, .

47

pratensis, Pers.

39

seniiglobatus, Batsch,

108

trichopus, Pers.

46

pratensis. Sow.

48

semiglobatus. Sow.

111

trilobus. Bolt. .

2

procerus, Scop.

7

semiovatus. Sow. .

116

tubcEformis, Schoeff.

69

procerus, var. With.

7

semiovatus, var. With.

116

truncorum, Schoeff.

120

precox, Pers.

107

semipeiiolatuSy Schceff.

74

tuberosus. Bull.

51

proliferus. Sow.

58

senescens, Batsc'.i, .

93

tuberosus, var. Pers,

51

prunulus, Scop.

7fi

sepiarius, Wulf.

132

turbinatus. Sow.

87

pseudo-extinctorius.

septicus, Fr.

74

turbinatus. With. .

120

Bull. .

123

sericellus, Fr.

76

turjosus. Sow. .

65

pseudo-androsaceus.

sericeus, Bull.

81

turgidus, Grev.

34

Bull. .. . .

CO

sericeus, Pers.

76

typhoides. Bull.

118

pseudo.tnouceron. Bull.

48

serosus. With.

27

Ulmarius, Bull.

73

psittacinus, Schceff.

39

serrulalus, (3. Fr. .

80

umbelliferus, L.

65

pterigenus, Fr.

63

serratus. Bolt.

17

umbelliferus. Bolt. .

55

pubescens. Sow.

75

sessilis. Bull. .

103

tmibUicatus, Purt. .

68

pudicus. Bull.

90

setosus. Sow. . ' .

64

umbil/catus, Bull.

36

pulcher, Pers.

122

sordido-flavus. With.

31

Umbraculum, With.

44

pullatus. Bolt.

120

sordidus, Dicks.

68

timbralus. With. .

62

pulveriilentus, Schceff.

98

Sowerbei, Berk.

82

umbrinus, Pers.

30

pulverulentus. Bull.

111

spadiceo.griseus, SchcePf. 113

umbrinus, Pers.

83

pulvinatus. Bolt.

2

spadiceus, Schceff .

113

undatus, Berk.

51

puniceus, Fr.

40

sphagnicola. Berk. .

67

uvidus, Fr.

25

purpurea, Schoeff.

21

spilomeus, Fr.

85

vaccinus, Schceff.

17

purpureus. With. .

60

spinipes. Sow.

50

vaginatus, Bull.

2

purus, Pers. .

60

splendens, Fl. Dan.

11

Vaillantii, Fr.

53

pustiUatvs, Schceff.

5

spongiosus. With. .

83

validus, Berk.

84

pyriodorus, Pers. .

96

squamosus, Bull.

92

variabilis, Pers.

103

pyrogalus, Bidl.

29

squamosus, Schceff. .

69

varius, Schoeff.

87

pyrrospermus. Bull.

78

Squamula, Batsch, .

55

varius. With.

58

p'yxidatus, Bull.

65

squamosus. Mull. .

91

varius, var. With. .

56

quercinus, L.

131

squarrosus, var. Pcrs.

91

varius, 4. Purt.

58

quietus, Fr.

27

squarrosus, Batsch,

91

vascipes, Fr. .

79

radians, Desm.

121

squarrosus. Bull. .

99

velatus. With.

124

radicalo ramosus. Bolt.

95

stellatus, Fr.

64

vellereus, Fr. .

31

radicatus, Bolt.

123

stercorarius. Bull. .

123

vellercus, var. Fr. '.

81

radicatus, Rehl.

44

stercorarius. Bull. .

121

velutipes, Curt.

44

radicosus, Bull.

90

stercoraiius, Schum.

111

venosus, Pers.

54

ramealis, Bull.

52

stercoraj-ius, Grev.

123

vernalis. Bolt.

2

raphanoides, Pers.

88

sterquilinus, Fr.

119

verrucosus. Bull.

6

relicinus, Fr.

96

stipitarius, Fr.

54

verrucosm. Curt .

2

reniformis. With. .

72

stipatus, Pers.

112

verrucosics. Curt. .

5

repandus, Bull.

78

stipitis. Sow. .

12

versicolor, With. .

109

repandus. Bolt.

77

striatus, Bull.

117

villosus. Bolt.

91

repandus, Fr.

95

striatulus, Pers.

75

viscidus, Pers.

124

resupinatus. With. .

102

stnatus, Schceff.

15

violaceus, Linn,

85

rhabarbinus, Pers. .

92

strobilinus, Pers. .

59

violaceus. Sow.

20

reticuhitus. With. .

79

striatus, Sow.

118

virescens, Pers.

23

rheoides, W^ith.

92

stylobatus, Pers.

61

virescens, Schceff, .

22

rhodopodius, Fr. .

76

stypticus. Bull.

73

virgineus, Wulf.

39

rigidus. Bolt.

40

striatus. Bolt.

120

viridis, With.

35

rimosus, Bull.

97

subantiquatus, Batsch,

9

viridulus, Schceff, .

109

risigallinus, Batsch,

21

subc(Ei~uleus, With.

60

virosus. Sow.

108

Rotula, Scop.

53

subcantharellus. Sow.

125

viscosus, Purt.

15

rosellus. With.

41

svbcarnetcs. With. .

41

vitellinus, Pers.

117

roseus. Bull. .

60

subdulcis, Bull.

28

vitellinus, A. 8( S. ■.

14

rubelJus, Schceff.

41

subhepaticus, Batsch,

65

Voiemum, Fr.

27

rubens. Bolt. .

87

subinvolutus, Batsch,

31

volvaceus, Bull.

104

ruber, Lam. .

22

sublanatus, Sow.

84

vulgus, Holmsk.

66

ruber, Pers.

28

subpurpurascens, Batsch, 86

vulpinus. Sow.

72

ruber, Tratt.

27

subtestaceus, Batsch,

94

xanthopus, Fr.

46

rubescens, Pers.

5

svlcatus. With.

44

xerampelinus. Sow.

17

rubescens, Fl. Dan.

27

sulphureus, Bull. .

42

xylophilus. Bull.

92

rubescens. With. .

28

Swartzii, Pers.

65

xylophilus. Sow.

98

Rubi, Berk. .

102

tardus, Peis.

68

xylophilus, var. Pers.

26

rufo-carneus, Berk.

82

tener, Schceff.

100

zonarius. With.

25

rufus. Scop.

28

tenacellus, Pers. .

50

zonarius. Bolt.

28

ftifus, Pers.

18

Tenaculum, Sow. .

115

zonarius. Bull.

30

rutilans, Scboe.ff: .

17

tenerrimus, Berk. .

61

Amanita ampla, Pers.

5

rutilus, Schceff.

124

terreus. Sow. .

18

aspera, Pers.

6

salignus, Pers.

72

terreus, Schceff.

18

Amanita furcata. Lam.

26

sanguineus, Wtilf. .

87

testaceus, Huds.

95

incarnata, Pers.

104

sanguineus, Bull.

22

theiogalus, Bull.

28

Viuscaria, Grev.

4

INDEX.

PAGE

rubra, Lara.

22

virgafa, Pers.

104

Angioridium sinuosuJii,

Grev. .

315

Antennaria ccllaris, Fr.

3-2t

Anthina, Fr.

3i9

flammea, Fr. .

329

7niiiiata, Grev.

321)

Arcyria, HUl. .

31S

ciiierea, Bull.

318

Jiava, Grev.

319

incarnata, Pers.

318

leucoccphiiln, Hoffra.

316

nutans, Bull.

318

punicea, Pers.

318

Arkcj.ma, Fr.

358

acuininatum, Fr.

358

bulbosiim, Fr.

358

gracile, Grev.

358

mucroiiatuin, Fr. .

358

obtusatuin, Fr.

359

AGVKIU.M, Fr. .

220

ruCum, Pers. .

220

A"htoBOLUs, Pers.

208

ciliatus, SchniuL

'Mi)

furfuraccus, Pers. .

209

glabcr, Pers.

2119

Trifolii, Bernh.

2U9

viiiosui, Berk.

2()<)

AscoPiiuiiA, Tode,

331

Mucedo, Tode,

331

AsptRGiLUs, Mich. .

339

aureus, Berk.

340

caiididus, Lk.

339

ferru^iiu'us, Lk.

331

glaucus, Lk. .

339

litneus, Grev. .

310

raaximus, Lk.

310

mollis, Berk. .

340

petiicilUitus, Grev. .

ai-1

roseus, Lk.

3M

terrestris^Ssc., Mich.

'Sib

virens, Lk.

310

ASTEllO.MA, Dec.

288

, Alchcmilla:, Grev. .

2HS

• Padi, Greo. .
n/t/gonaii, Dec.

2H9
289

Prunellas Part.

289

reticulatum, JJec. .

288

Ulmi, Grev. .

28-J

Ulini, KI.

289

ASTKROPIIORA, Ditm.

322

agaricoides, Fr.

322

lycopcrdoides, Fr. .

322

lycojicrduides, Ditm.

322

Anerusporium kluff'manni.

M & N.

135

Atractoboh'.s, Todc,

2:«j

Ubiquitariua, Tod. .

230

Auricularia auraiitiaca.

Sow. .

1G9

can/up/n/l/en, Hull. ,

l«i5

cnryopfiyllea, BulL

Kw

chierea, .Sow.

\m

cor ruga ta. Sow.

it;2

curlictUu, Hull.

107

fcrrugima, Hull. .

H'u

trb'Sfnfrnra, Pert. .

l«i2

Kicotiana, 15(ilt.

ur,

pajJi/riiKi, Hull.

ivM

per.f uteris, .Sow.

U.(\

phuspfioren, .Sow.

\M

jmlvcriUnUa, Sow. .

l-^\i

rejiexu, Hull.

\M

rrjUxa, Hull.

\m

• tafHUina, Sow.

UVi

trenulLiid.s, Hull. .

H52

BAcrRiniUM, k'unxf, .

ntrovircnn, Jtrrk. .

M'1

Ratkhhka, Pers.

^W

phalloulcv tfiHMiw.

21»S

BOLKTii ;, Dill. .
abielinus, Dicks.
acaitt/ioides, HulL .
adualus, Willd.
albidus, Schoeff
albidus. With.
anguslatus. Sow.
annuliirius. Bolt. .
annulalus, Nees,
applanatus, Pers. .
arborens. Sow.
aurautiacus, Bull. ,
auraiitius, Schoeff. .
aureus, Scha'ff
hadins, Pers. .
betnliniis, Hull.
betttlinus. With.
biennis, iiuW.
bovinus, L.
bovitius. Bolt.
bovinus, Schoeff.
buvinus. With.
bovinus, viir. With.
brunialis, Pers.
btUbosus, Schceff.
Cii'su/s, Schrad.
calceolus, Hull,
calopus, Pers.
candicinus, Schoeff.
caprms, Schoeff.
carpincus. Sow.
castaiieus, BtJl.
cUrysenteron, Bull. .
circinans, Pers.
communis, Bull.
cuncbatus, Pers.
coriaceus, Scha-ff. .
cra.ssipes, SchatI!
crislatus, Scha'ff. .
cyanescens, Bull,
dryadeus, Pers.
edulis. Bull. .
elatus, Pers.
eUgans, Hull.
elegans, Holt.
elepltanlinus, Schoeff.
ferruginalus, Hatscli,
ferruginiu», Schu'li;
Jerru^ineus, Schrad.
Jimbrititus, Hull.
Jlufu-rufus, Schoeff.
fomenlcfrius, I*
Jomeutarius, /3. Pers.
Jraximu.i, Hull.
frowlosus, Purt.
frundosus, Schrank,
Juseo.albus, Sow.
gtganleus, Pers.
granulatus, L.
gregariui, Fl. Dan.
Grevilltci, A7.
be/Mitieus, Scha-ff. .
heteroilitus. Bolt. .
hiipidus. Bull.
iguiarius, L.
i/jniiiniis. Vera,
imbricatus, .Sow.
iw/rulh'r, S<iw.
inetirnntus, Pers.
iire;iuliins, .S)W.
Jiigliindii, -Schu'ff. .
liiliy-inihiionius, HulL
laehrymnns, Wulf.
laeteus, Hatwh.
Ictclijiuiia, With.
I.ietijtuus, With. .
laricnuu, //<;*.
liileralis. Holt.
/(!/»«, .S<iw.
IrittoceiihitliiS, Jacq.
leucif'fi.riis, rem. .

PAGG
U7
Ml
137
139
139
131
133
148
147
144
129
153
13G
149
136
140
136
131
149
152
153
153
154
135
153
139
136
151
138
150
139
152
150
149
150
145
13()
150
138
154
14.3
153
151
13»i
137
153
150
149
14I-.
136
149

\n

U3
131
137
15.3
137
149
149
14S
15^4
133
138
146
143
1:17
H5
14(1

I to

131
132
l«»
l.'i5
149
149
147
130
147

la^

I&3

PAG P.

Lipsiensis, Batsch,

144

lucidus. Hooker, .

1.'16

lurid us, Schu'Jf'.

152

luteus, L.

147

luum, Holt. .

150

luteus, Grev. .

148

marmorcus, Roques,

152

medulla panis. Sow.

J47

medulla panis, Jacq.

146

mesenlericus, Schoeff.

137

nigripes, Witii.

I.'i6

nujnmularius. Bull.

136

obliquatus, Hull.

136

olivaceus, Scha'tfl .

154

pachyi)us, Fr.

151

pelieporus. Bull.

139

pellejxirus. Sow.

141

perennis, L. .

136

perniciosus, Roques,

152

pinicola, Swartz,

143

piperatus, Bull.

150

polymorphus, BulL .

134

Puly/)orus, \Mth. .

1.36

procerus. Bolt.

153

Proteus, Bolt.

146

pseudo-igniarius. Bull.

143

pulvinatus, VVahL .

139

ladiattis. Sow.

143

ramosissimus, Schoeff.

137

resupinatus. Sow. .

1^4

Bibis, Schuin.

145

rubeolar is. Bull.

152

rufus, Scha-ff

153

rugvsus. With.

136

salicinus. Sow.

140

ficaber, BulL .

153

scmiovoideus, Schccff.

113

sinuosus. Sow.

133

soiidus. Sow.

153

spongiosus. Light .

138

spumeus. Sow.

139

sqimmosus, Huds. .

i:«

squarrosus, Pers.

154

6trol)ilaceus, Scop. .

1^4

strnbdijomiis, Dicks.

154

suaveolens. Bull.

133

suareolens, L.

140

suai'eolens. Sow.

140

suberosus. Sow.

140

suberosus, .Sow.

142

sulxrosus, Wahl. .

139

suhtoiiii'ntosus, /.. .

150

subtomentosus. Holt.

136

sulpkun-ns. Bull. .

138

tcnax, Holt. .

138

terreus, Schull".

151

tdmuriiis. Sow.

142

ungulatus, HulL

lU

unguldtus, 1 ratt- .

14.'>

t/iueti/or. Bull.

13:1

luUUiuld, DC.

147

varii-Knlus, Hiwrtz,

150

vane^atus, StliU«tt

136

varnis, Per». .

136

veluUnus, Sow.

J3S

Vitutinus, Pcra.

141

fenictJoi, L.

141

rdlitsut, lluds.

l:;S

Boilri/ebium rub^•sccns,

I'r. . .

ihl

Botryi>sporium dfjjuiutft^

lorda.

;4ti

B<rrH\ iiH, M.A.

341

agariciitit, Joluwt .

313

agariei/ut, Ik.

»♦:»

can.i, Sil.inni.

'M2

riniTi-a. 7".t*.

H2

cru»to»a, fr. .

S43

rf{/7«j«. A. * Ji

Sii

cllu*a. O'rr*. .

34.1

KflMa. Fr.

341

VI

PAGE

inosctclans, Carm. . 346

lateritia, Fr. . . 342

macrospora, Ditm 345

nigra, Lk. . . 346

parasitica, Pers. . 343

polyactis, Lk. . 342

Polyspora, Ditm. . 346

sjricata, &c., Mich. 342

umbrina, Kl. . . 346

vera, Fr. . . 342

vulgaris, Fr. . . 342

BovisTA, D/«. . . 302

gigantea, Nees, , 303

nigrescens, Pers. . 302

plumbea, Pers. . 302

Briarea elegans, Corda, 344

Bulgaria, Fr. . . 209

inquinans, Pers. . 209

sarcoides, Jacq. . 210

BiUlaria umhellijerum,

Dec. . . . 366

Byssus pliosphorea. With. 163

scoparia, Fl. Dan. . 344

septica. With. . 324

septica, var. Purt. . 129

CcBoma alliatum, Lk. 369

alliorum, Lk. . 376

Antherarum, Nees, 381

Armerice, Lk. . 377

apiculosum, Lk, . 382

appendiciclosum, Lk, 383

Berberidatum, Lk. 372

Betarum, Lk. . 377

campanularutn, Lk. 378

Capraarum, Lk, . 385

Caricis, Lk. . . 375
caryophyllacearuniy Lk. 381

compositatum, Lk. 370

compransor, Lk. . 379

crustaceum, Lk. . 378

cylimlricum, Lk, . 384

cylindritis, Lk. . 373

cylitidrites, Lk. , 373

candidum, . . 384

epilobiaimn, Lk. . 372

EpUobii, Lk. 381

Euphorhiarmn, Lk. 385

Euphorbiatum, Lk, 374

Filicum, Lk. . . 384

fioscitlorum, Lk. . 379

grossulariatum, Lk. 372

gyrosum, Lk. . 384

Hypericorurny Lk. . 380

Labiatarum, Lk. , 378

Leguminosarum, Lk. 383

Leguminosalutn, Lk. 374

leucospermum, Lk. 374

lineare, Lk. . . 375

ii/ii, Lk. . . 384

longissimum, Lk. . 375

Mejithatum, Lk. , 370

Mercurialis, Lk. . 383

oblongum, Lk. . 376

olivaceum, Lk. . 376

Onagrarum, Lk. . 381

Periclymenatum, Lk. 370

Petroselini, Lk. . 379

Pineum, Lk. . . 374

Potentillarum, Lk. 382

Potcrii, Lk. . . 384

primularum, Lk. , 377

primulatum, Lk. . 369

Pseudo-Cyperi, Lk. 376

Pyrolce, Lk. . . 378

quadrifidum, Lk. . 371
Ranunculacearum, Lk. 380

Rhinanthacearum, Lk. 377

Boestllites, Lk. . 373

7ios<s, war. Lk. . 381

iZoiVF, Kl. . . 381

i?os<y, wr. 2, Lk. . 382

INDEX,

page

page

rubellatum, Lk.

. 369

coralloides, L.

173

Rubigo, Lk. v^.

375

coralloides, Sow.

175

Ruborum, Lk.

382

coralloides, var.

174

Sa/2ci5, Lk. .

385

coriacea. Bull

163

Saxifragarum, Lk.

' 381

cornea, Batsch,

178

Senecionis, Lk.

. 379

corniculata, Pers. .

174

segetum, Lk.

374

cornuta, SchoefF.

177

sitophilum, Lk.

375

cristata, Holmsk. .

174

soldaneUatwn, Lk.

3fi9

cijlindrica. Bull.

176

Tragopogonatum, L

k. 370

digitata, L.

234

violarthn, I^k.

380

digitata. With.

234

Violatum, Lk.

372

elegans. Bolt.

175

umbellatarum, Lk.

380

erythropus, Pers.

181

utriculosum, Lk.

377

epiphylla, Dicks. .

180

Calicium haustellare, .'

^ch. 333

farinosa, Dicks.

321

Caloceka, Fr.

177

fastigiata. Bull.

174

aculeifm-ynis. Bull.

178

filiformis. Bull.

181

cornea, Batsch,

178

flammea. Sow.

177

medullar is, Holmsk.

178

fragilis, Holmsk.

176

tuberosa, .Soio.

171

fusiformis, Sow.

175

viscosa, Pe«.

177

gelatinosa, Holmsk.

177

CaNTHARELLUS, ^rfrtW

s. 124

gracilis. Bolt.

176

aurantiacus, rF«//".

124

granulosa. Bull.

232

cibarius, Fr. .

125

grisea, Pers. .

173

cinereus, Per5.

126

gyrans, Batsch,

180

cornucopioides, i.

126

gyrans, Fr.

181

laevis, Fr.

127

helvola, Pers.

176

lobatus, Ffrs.

127

herbarum, Pers.

221

lutescens, Pfr5.

126

Hercvleann, Sow. .

175

muscigenus, .BwW.

127

Herculeana, var. With

177

sinuosus, Fr.

127

Hypoxylon, L.

235

tubffiformis, 5m//.

125

insqualis, Mull. ,

176

villosus, Ditm.

126

laciniata. Bull.

164

Cenangium, Fr.

211

lignosa, Dicks,

69

Aucuparije, Pers.

212

micans, Pers.

181

caliciforme, Fr.

291

militaris, L. .

232

Cerasi, P«-s. .

211

miniata, Purt.

329

ferruginosum, Fr. .
fuliginosum, Fr.

212

minuta. Sow. .

180

212

mitrata, var. Holmsk.

179

pinastri, Kl. .

212

muscoides. Bolt.

174

Prunastri, Pt?rs.

211

muscoides. Sow.

174

pulveraceum, ^. (^

S. 212

muscicola, Pers.

182

quercinum, Pers.

212

obtusa. Sow. .

181

Cenococcum, Fr.

307

obtusa, Sow. .

182

geophilum, Fr.

307

ophioglossoides. Bull.

178

Ceuatium, J. (^ 5.
hydnoides, ^. .^ S.

329

ophioglossoides, Holmsk. 178

329

palmata. Scop.

164

Ceratonema dilatatuiyi

parasitica. With. .

233

Roth, .

' 329

phalloides. Bull.

180

Ceuthospora, Fr.

283

pistillaris, L. .

175

circumscripta, Kl.

258

pistillaris. Bolt.

175

Lauri, Soto. .

283

placorhixa, Reich. .

180

phacidioides. Grey.

283

polymorpha. Sow. .

222

phceocames, Grev.

276

pratensis, Pers.

174

CHiETOMiuM, Kunze,

327

purjmrea, SchcefF. .

174

elatum, Xmw.

328

pusilla, Pers.

182

chartarum, Ehr.

328

rosea, Dalm.

175

ChcEtopsis Wauchii, G

rev. 337

rugosa, Bull.

175

Chloridium griseu?n, ]

.k. 337

rugosa. Sow.

176

Cladosporiu.m, Lk.

338

setipes, Grev.

130

herbarum, Lk.

338

spathulata, Fl. Dan.

179

Clathrus denudatus, L

318

striata, Pers.

174

nudus, L.

317

tenuis, Sow.

181

recutUus, L. .

. 319

trichopus, Grev.

180

turbinaUis, Bolt.

320

tuherosa. Sow.

177

Clavaria, Fa?/?.

173

uliginosa, Wallr. .

182

abietina, Per*.

174

uncialis. Grey.

177

acrospermutn, HoflP

m. 181

vermicularis, Sow. .

176

acuta, Soio.

177

vermiculata, Purt. .

177

albida, Schoeff.

195

vermiculafa. Sow. .

176

amethystina. Bull.

174

viridis, Fl. Dan.

179

anthrocephala. Bull

164

viscosa, Pers.

177

anthrocepkala. Pur

. 163

Cnazonaria setipes^

Ardenia, Sow.

175

Corda, ,

180

bifurca. Bull.

176

Coniophora membranacea

,

byssoides. Sow.

329

/3. Pers.

129

capitate, Holmsk.

233

Conferva phospharea,

ceranoides, Pers.

176

With. , .

168

cinerea, Grev.

173

Conoplea gilva, Pers. .

352

coccinea. Sow.

354

hispiduta, Pers.

338

compressa, Purt

221

Corallo-furigus, VaiU.

174

INDEX.

Vll

PAUE

fungus candiiiissimus,

' Vaill. ... 175

Corenium leucopus, Pers. 344

CoRYNKUM, Necs, . 355

canditium, Nees, . 344

macrosporium, J3erk. 355

pulvinatum, Sch?n, 355

vmbonatum, Fr. . 355

Crafcrclla pallida, Pers. Ki-J

Cratekium, Trenhpohl, 31<>

leucocephalum, IJtiff'm. 316

miniitum, Leers, . 316

mutabilc, Fr. . 316

pcdunculatum, Trent. 316

pyriformc, I>i/»J. . 316

vulgare, Dit7n. . 316

Cbibraria, Schrad. . 318

intermedia, ^t'rA^. . 318

Crvptomyces, Grev. 214

Wauchii, Grev. . 214

versicolor, Fr. . 214

Cryplosphicria acuta,

Grev. . . . 274

Mgopodii, Grev. . 279

? bifrons, Grev. . 28.3

Duliulum, Grev. . 275

faginea, Grev. . 2.50

glauco-punctata, Grev. 272

GnODion, Grev. . 277

nebidosa, Grev. . 2.j()

ni//t/a, Grev. . 287

pulchilla, Grev. . 251

punctifonnis, Grev. 279

SUlepunctiUa, Grev. 2GS

Taniariscina, Grev. 270

Tax/, Grev. . . 272

Cucurbitaria Bcrbcridis,

Grev. . . 254

chinabarina, Grev. 2.)2

coccinea, Grev. . 2.5.i

deculurans, Grev. . 252

eloiigata, Grev. . 2.").5

Pinastri, Grev. , 219

Pinastrl, Grev. . 263

Cyathus crucidtdifonnis,

Hoirin. . . 2.30

cincrciis, Purt. . 316

Crucibulimi, Pers. . 229

Cynlhtis rninuliis. Sow. 31(5

0//fl, Pers. . . 2v?<)

ulrialus, Pers. . 229

VylitulrosjMriion conctntri.

cum, Grev. . . ."SS.S

Cyi'HKLLA, /•>. . . 214

cuticiilosa, Dicks. . 315

CVTispoKA, F.hr. . 28!

carphos'HTina, Fr. 2H2

chrysospcrina, I'crs. 282

fugax, y/M//. . 282

leiir(>s|K'rnia, Pers. 2H:^

piilvcracia, Ikrk. . 2HJ

rulx'Mens, /V. . 2H1

Dackvmy* KH, Nccs, . 219

moriforniis, Sm. 219

jtillatus, Sees, 220

vioiaccus, //<//i. 219

Ur/ira; I'r. . , .'<.V)

Dactmii M, Sees, . .115

.hixlroiilcs, Fr. . 3»5

inacro.'.poriim, fr. . .115

pyrifermn, Fr. . 345

D.fDAi.KA. Pirt. V.M

abiftina. Ifid/. IS2

uUUda, Purt. l.'il

aiiKitiitata, Scnv. l.'Ci

bctulina, /,. , 131

bicnni*, llu/l. I:i0

IJullianli, Fr. I'M

ConfraKosn. Boll. . l.'W

giMxwa. /Vm. l:i»

gilJ...., p,,,. I'd

PAGE

itnbricata, Purt. . 137

latissima, fr. . 133

quercina, L. . 131

scpiaria, Wtdf. . 132

suaveolens, Btdl. . 133

unicolor, BuU. . 133

DiDEK.MA, ft'ri. . 310
Carmichaelianum,2f«"A:. 31 1

citrinum, Sc/ium. . 310

cyanesccn.s, Fr. . 312

deplanatum, Fr. . 312

dijfurme, A. & S. . 312

floriforme, Bull. . 310

globosuin, Pers. . 312

globosum, Purt. . 313

nitens, A'. . . 311

spumariuides, fr. . 311

Trevelyani, Fr. . 311

sqummdusuDi, A. & S. 313

uinbilicatum, Pers. 310

vernicosum, Pers. . 310

De.matium, Pers. . 337

arlicidatum. Sow. . 3.38

griseum, Pers. . 337

herbnrutu, Pers. . 338

hispidulum, Fr. . 338

verticillatiim, Iloffm. 341

violareiiui. Hook. . 168

Dcpaxca frondicola, Fr. 280

Dert/ica Cerasi, Fr. . 211

DiCiCoyna verrucosuni,

Nees, ... 36-1

DiCTYOiUM, Schrad. . 317

cernttum, Nees, . 318

umbilicatum, Schrad. 318

DiOY.MiiM, Schrad. . 312

cinereuin, Jialsch, . 314

farinaceum, Schrad. 313

hemisphericum, .fii^/. 312

leucopus, L/.. . 313

lobatum, AVfi, . 314

nigripcs, Lk. . . 313

pertusum, Berk. , 313

physaroides. Berk. . 314

Serpula, Fr. . . 314

squamulosum, A. Sj S. 312

Sowerbeii, Berk. . 313

DiDYMOSPORIUM, AVf*-, 357

betuliniim, Circv. . 357

elevatum, Lk. . S.')7

profusum, Grev. "557

Din )LA, fr. . . 210

radic-ita, A. & S. . 210

Doralomyces Ncesii,

Corda, . . 331

DOTIIIDEA, Fr. . . 2Hr)

Alchemilla-, Grt-v. . 2H8

alnea, Per.". . . 288

astroidea, Berk. . 287

iK'tuliiia, Fr. 2S<i

colliculosa, Bt-rk. . 28<>

fulva, ^. A .V. . 286

Fumago, Fr. 287

Gcraiiii. fr. . 2S7

Ileraclei, U'onnsk. 2«7

Loniccric, Fr. . r{2.')

; f(///i, Dub. 2S1»

Pottntilla', fr. 287

Haminculi. Fr. 287

relicidain. Pert. 28H

rilH-Hia, /Vrj. 2H5

lU.lHTtiaiii, Fr. 2HH

rubra, /V>». . 2H(J

typhiiia. /'rr*. 2H5

Uhni, Dur. . . 2H<?

lIi.Ai'iiDMVJ Kfl, Sirs, 3<i(>

graiiulaluH, .i. ."^ ."f. r**?

inuriratui, fr, ;j(r7

FliHla alhida. Srhtrfi: !!•:»

BrnMir.r, \\i>nh\. . 2V:<

PAGE

cornucopias, Sclioeff 126

cucidlata, Batsch, . 179

floriformis, Schceff. 127

pileus, &c., Schceff. 135

punctata, .Schceff. . 126

tubccfortnis, Schceff. 126

Encrthcncnia clegans,

Bowm. . . 317

Epochmu.m, Lh. , 352

fungorum, Fr. . 352

Erysiphe, Hedw. . 325

Aceris, Grev. . 327

adunca, Schlech. . 327

Artcmisiie, Grev. . 326

Bcrbcridis, Grev. . 327

BctuUc, Grev. . 325

bicoriii.s, Lk. . . 327

communis, Schlech. 325

Coryli, xM. & N. . 3/1

guttata, Schlech. . 327

Lathyri, ^c, Grev. 326

Lonicerie, Grev. . 327

niacularis, WaUr. . 325

tiUida, Baxt . 326

pannosa, Schlech. . 3'ib

penicillata, Schlech. '3>21

Pisi, Grev. . . 3".i6

tortilis, Lk. . . 327

EuROTiu.M, Lk. . 333

herbariorum, Lk. . 333

Rosarum, Grev. . 325

EU.STFG1A, Fr. . . 280

llicis, Fr. . . 280

ExfDiA, Fr. . 217

Auricula Juda?, L. 217

rccisa, Ditm. . 218

glandulosa, BuU. . 218

ExciPULA, Fr. . 21>«>

Kubi, Fr. . . 296

strigosa, Fr. . 29<»

Exos])orium TiliiC, Lk. 337

Farinaria carbvnaria.

Sow. ... 375

P(W, Sow. . . 226

Scabiosw, Sow. . 379

Stellaria, Sow. 380

sutphicrea, Sow. . 3;i3

Trifolii, Sow. . :i38

FibrUlaria vhuiria. Sow. 324

FisrrLiNA, 7?M//. . 154

bitglossoides. Bull . 154

hepatica, M'/ZA. . 154

Flucearia glauca, Grev. 344

Fuligo I'lolaeea, Pers. ;i0l>

f«MA'i;wr»'i, \c. Hay, 323

jtlures, \c. , . t>4

Fungoidcs fuscum, &t,

Vaill. 187

glandis, &c., Vaill. IW

sculcllnta, &r. 190

Fungus aliMHUS, &r.,

Mich. . . .*»

anguUiSus, Ac, VailL 125

<Wi. \i-. Dill. . 299

esculcHtits, \c., H«y, 106

elHlinosiis, &c . VoilL 44

lignusus, kc, VailU .'«

vuignus, \c., Mich. I<4

tninor, \'aill. 97

#wm////^«-4-, \c, Vaill. 119

multiiUet, Xc, Vaill. .'i8

multipltx, AC , Vaill. 57

orfyrr, «(r.. Mich. . W

phnl!n„lr,, V.iill. . I

/ ■ \-.aii. . .VI

, Mich. 119

/ . Vaill. loil

/•../., .... ,x. . 'i..h. . «»4

Fungus, .\c , Mich. O

FiHXHK M. Ik. 3:>4

ru«.H,n /*, 355

Vlll

PAGE

tremelloides, Grev. . 355

Fusidiumflavo-virens,

Ditm. ... 351

griseum, Lk. . . 351

Buxi, Lk. . . 351

FusispORiuM, Lk. . 351

atro-virens. Berk. . 351

aurantiacum, Lk. . 351

Buxi, Fr. . . 351

flavo-virens, Fr. . 351

griseum, Fr. 351

Ge ASTER, Micfi. . 299

Bryantii, Berk. . 300

coliformis, Dicks. . 299

fornicatus, Huds. . 300

hygrometricus, Pers. 302

ht/grometricus, (3, Pers. 301

limbatus, Fr. . 301

mammosus, Chev. . 301

multifidics, Grev. . 301

rufescens, Pers. . 302

fitriatus, Dec. . .SCO

Geaster, &c., Wats. 300

Geoglossum, Pers. . 178

cucuUatum, Batsch, 179

difforrae, Fr. . 178

glabrum, Pers. . 178

glutinosum, Pers. . 178

hirsutum, Pers. . 178

viscosum, Pct-s. . 178

viride, Schrad. . 179

Gonotrychum ccssium,

Nees, ... 335

Gramdaria Viola-, Sow. 380

GYMNOSPORANGIUiM, Dec. 361

Juniperi, LA. . . 361

Helicosporium, Nees, 335

pulvinatum, Fr. . 335

Helicotrichum pidvinatum^

Nees, ... 335

Helminthosporium, /&. 336

fusisporium. Berk. . 336

macrocarpum, Grev. 336

nanum, A%e5, . 336

simplex, Kunze, . 337

subulatum, Nees, . .336

Tiliffl. Fr. . . 337

velutinum, Lk. . 336

HeUnisporium Cheiranihi,

Dub. ... 339

Helotium acicidare, Pers. 208

ivia/a, Pers. . . 207

radicatum, A. & S. 210

S7tbtile, Fr. . . 208

Hericium coralloides, Pers. 157

commune, Roques, 157

erinaceu77i, Pers. . 157

Heterosphceria Patella,

Grev. ... 292

Himantia later itia, Pers. 181

sulphurea, Pers. . 169

Helvella, L, . . 184

acicularis. Bull. . 208

ceruginosa, Dicks. . 202

agariciformis. Bolt. 208

albida, Pers. . 184

aurea. Bolt. . . 201

cantharelloides. Bull. 126

cartilaginea. Bolt. . 191

caryophyllea. Bolt. 165

cochleata. Bolt. . 187

cortmcopioides. Bull. 126

crispa, Scop. . . 184

crispa. Bull. . . 127

dimidiata. Bull. . 127

elastica, ^m«. . 184

esculcnta, Sow. . 182

esculenta. Sow. . 183

feritoria. Bolt. 179

fibuUformis, Bolt. . 207

Jiiliginosa, Dicks. , 184

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

fuliginosa, var. Purt. 189

fagineum, Pers.

214

gelatinosa. Sow.
hispida, 5o/it. :

186

foliicolum, Fr.

296

189

Fraxini, Pers.

294

hybrida. Sow.

183

gramineum, Grev. .

296

hydrolips. Bull.

126

lineare. Fr.

294

infundibuHformis,

lineare, Johnst.

294

Schoeff.

185

longum, Pers.

213

lacunosa, Afz.

184

melaleucura, Fr. .

295

leucophcea, Pers.

184

mytilinum, Pers. .

280

lubrica. Scop.

186

Pinastri, Schrad. .

295

membranacea, Dicks. 127

pulicare, Pers. =

293

mesenterica, Dicks.

162

quercinum, Pers. ' .

212

Twiifra, Bolt. .

184

Rubi, Pers. . ■ ,

295

mitra, Pers.

184

rugosum, Fr.

294

wzi/ra. Sow. .

184

Vaccinii, Carm.

295

pannosa. Sow.

163

varium, Grev.

294

Relhani, Rehl.

185

viride, Fr.

214

retiruga. Bull.

127

Illosporium, Mart. .

328

sarcoides. Bolt.

210

roseum, Fr. .

328

sarcoides. Bolt.

217

Institale radiatun;, Fr.

122

spathulata. Sow.

179

Irpex, Fr.

160

sublicia, Holmsk.

189

pendulus, Fr.

160

tubceformis. Bull.

125

iacteus, Fr.

161

vesiculosa, Bolt.

188

Isaria, HiU.

328

violaceu, Relh.

219

farinosa, Fr.

328

Hydrophora, Torft',

331

Lasiobotrys, Kvnze,

324

stercorea, Torfe,

331

Lonicerae, Kun.

325

murina, F>-.

331

Leangium floriforme.

Hymenula, Fr.

220

Grev. .

310

vulgaris, Fr. .

220

? Trevelyani, Grev.

311

Hypodrys hepaticus, Pers. 154

Lecidea cm-rugata, Ach.

g8&

Hypoxylon globulare, Bull. 240

Leocarpus vernicosus.

deustum, Grev.

240

Grev.

311

nummularium. Bull

237

Leotia, Hill. .

185

granulosmn, Bull.

282

Clavus, Pers.

186

cirrhatum. Bull.

236

conica, I'ers. .

185

concentricum, Grev.

284

infundibuliformis,

loculiferum. Bull

334

Schaff.

185

Hypolyssus ventricosus

lubrica, Scop.

186

Pers. .

' 238

Ludwigii, Pers.

180

Hydnum, Z..

155

Mitrula, Pers.

179

auriscalpium, Z.

156

nana. With. .

185

Barba Jovis, 5^^^.

159

tru7icorum, A. & S. '

186

compactum. Per*.

156

uliginosa. Sow.

180

coralloides, 5cop.
crispum, Schoeff.

157

Leptostroma, Fr. .

2m

157

caricinum, Fr.

297

Daviesii, Sow."

158

filicinum, Fr.

297

erinaceus, jy?/«.

157

Spiraea, Kun.

298

farinaceum, Pfr5.

158

Libertella faginea, Desm

356

ferrugineum, Ftrs.

158

Rosce, Desm.

356

fimbriatum, F^rs.

159

Licea, Schrad. .

321

Jiavidum, SchcefE

156

alba, Nees,

315

flaui^ritie, Schoeff!

156

circumscissa, Pers. .

. 321

fuscum. Per*.

158

cylindrica, Fr.

321

imbricatum, i.

155

fragiformis, Nees, .

321

lacteum, Fr. .

161

strobUina, A. & S.

321

membranaceum, 5i

dl. 158

Lichen atratus, Hedw.

208

membranaceum,, Pu

rt. 158

graniformis, E. Bot.

280

ochraceum, Pers.

158

sarcoides, Jacq.

210

pendvdare, Fr.

160

Limboria corrugata, Acl

.289

Radula, Fr. .

161

LoPHiUM, Fr.

280

ramosum. Bull.

157

elatum, Carm.

281

repandum, L.

155

mytilinum, Pers. .

280

repandum, Bolt.

156

Lycogala, Mich.

307

rufescens, Pers.

156

argentea, Grev.

308

rufescens, Schceff.

156

Epidendrum, L.

307

spathulatum, Grev.

161

miniata, Pers.

307

squamosum, Roque.s

155

minuta, Grev.

316

squarrosum, Nees,

155

l.ycopcrdastrum autum-

sublamellosum, Pers

. 160

nale. Sec, Mich. .

306

udum, Fr.

160

Lycoperdon, Tourn.

303

Hysterium, 7bd

293

ardosiacum, Uull. .

303

abietinum, Pers.

213

areolatum, Schceff.

303

angustatum, M. & J

J. 294

aurantiacum. Bull.

305

arundinaceum, 5cA

'ad. 295

Bovista, Bolt.

304

Carmichaelianum,

Bovista, Bolt

304

i^erA. .

294

Bovista, Pers.

30S

conigenum, M 4r iV

. 294

Bovista, var. Purt. .

303

culmigenum, Fr.

296

Bovista, Sow.

302

datum, Canu.

i:8[

coplatum. Bull.

303

elongatum, /»(/./

29 1

Citndidian, Pers,

301

INDEX.

IX

PAGE

P.AGE

PAUB

capsuliferum. Sow.

;«HJ

fcetiduhi, Grev.

1G4

granulosus, BulL

291

coronaium, Schcetf.

300

tuberosum, Grev. ,

l(v4

gramdatus, Schceff

320

Carpobolus, L.

231

Merulr'3, Hal.

128

lierbariorum, Pers

333

cepieforme. Bull.

301

androsaceus, Purt.

53

liguifrafius. Bull.

323

cervinum. Bolt.

305

androsnceus. With.

53

li/cugalus. Bolt.

308

cervinum, L. .

307

auraritiacus, A7.

128

Aluceilo, £. .

332

P cervinum, Pers. .

3<15

aurantiacus, Pers. ,

125

murinus, Pers.

331

cinereurn, Batsch, .

311

buccinalis. With. .

fi5

ovatus, Schceff.

309

coli/onne, Dicks.

2;»!>

cantharclloides, Purt.

120

querneus. Sow.

318

dtfossian, Batsch, .

3(J«5

cornucopioides. With.
Cantharellus, With.

09

raceviosus. Bull.

. 342

dffossnm. Sow.

3W)

125

ramosu.s fii///.

. 331

echhiiformis. Sow. .

308

Carmichaelianus, Grey. 130

roridus. Bolt.

231

Epidendmm, L.

.308

cinercus, Pers.

P26

r«yi«, Pers. .

331

equinum. With.

3J3

collar iatus. With. .

53

septicus, L.

309

Equiseti, Hoff'in.

201

corium, Gr«'.

128

sphcerocephalus, Bull. 332

cxcipuli forma, 6ic.,
Vaill. .

destruens, Pers.

129

spinacea. Sow.

313

301

fort id us. Sow.

54

st4'rcoreus, Lk.

331

fornicatum, Huds.

300

fuscus. With.

(M

urccolatus. Bull.

231

fornicatum, Dr.

301

helvelloi<ks. Sow. .

238

Mycogone rosea, Lk.

350

fragile, Dicks.

311

infuuiibidiformis. With

.126

MvuiococciM, Fr.

230

fuliginosum. Sow. .

308

iufundibuliformis. Hook. 126

prajcox, Fr.

230

furfuraccum, ."'chu^tf.

304

t lachryinans, /»'«//.

129

MVRUTHI-Cll'M, Tt/t/f,

323

gemmaium, Batich,

301

Innullosus, .Sow.

102

hispidum, lode.

200

geniniatum, Scliccrt".

303

lobatus, Pers.

127

roridum, Tor/c,

323

gibbosuniy Dicks.

229

lu/escetis, Pers.

126

Myxotrichu.m, A:e^««, 335

giganteum, Batsch,

303

mcmbranaceus. With.

127

ca?>iuni, Fr. .

a-J5

globosum. Bolt.

302

muscifrenus, Pers. .

127

N.EMASPORA, Fr.

355

globosum album, kc.

nigrips, Pers.

125

carpinea, Baxt.

a57

Mich.

304

parasiticus, Purt. .

52

Ceraslii, Carrn.

280

gosst/pinum, Bolt. .

32S

pulverulentus. Sow.

129

chrysospenita, Pers

2H2

graniforme, .Sow.

307

purpureus, \N ith. .

126

crocca, Fers.

355

hirtum. Bull.

304

reticulatus, Kl.

130

leucosperma, Pers.

282

hydrophorum. With.

2G2

Squamula, With. .

55

mui^na, Grev.

3ol

mammosum, Mich.

305

tubicformis, Pers. .

125

Rosa;, Z)tc.

356

mazimuni, .Schu?tf:

303

tttbaformis. With. .

202

Bosarum, Grev.

282

nigrum, Lightf.

265

iubccformis, var. Pers.

127

N.EMAri:i.iA, Fr.

213

mollc, Fers.

304

villosus, Pers.

125

cncephala, Jr»//rf.

219

or<? di-ntato. Sec, Schni

302

xanthopus, Pers.

12G

NiOl I.AHIA, 7iMy/.

2-^9

ovoideum. Bull.

305

Mesenterica lutca, Nces,

169

campanulata, IVilh

220

papillatum, Scha^'.

303

MlTKlLA, Fr.

190

crucibulum, Pers.

229

pedunculatum, L. .

305

altielis, Yt.

179

lavis. Sow.

229

perlatum, Pers.

30 1

Hi/djii, Pers.

179

striata. Bull.

229

phaUiridts, Woodw.

298

niiuuta, 5ow'.

180

vernicosu. Bull.

229

Proteus,

304

jialudosa, Fr.

180

Octospenna cUrina,

Proteus, Sow.

304

MO.VII.IA, /////. .

344

Hfdw.

203

Proteus, var. With.

303

anlcnnata, Grev. .

3.-.9

leucotoma, Hcdw.

191

Proteus, var. With.

304

Candida, Pers.

;«i

OiDii M, Lk.

318

Proteus, var. With.

305

cccspitosa, Purt.

345

aureuni, Lk.

. 318

Proteus, var. With.

303

glauca, Pers.

3;fi)

crysiphoides, Fr.

^9

pusilluin, Batsch, .

304

penicillata, Fr.

344

fasciculatuin. Berk

349

pyriformo, Schwff. .

304

racemosa, Ari.

844

fructigenuin, Sehum. 348

pyrtforme, \ailL

303

rosfrt, Pers. .

310

fulvum, Lk. .

SIS

radiatum, K .

213

MuRCIIKLLA, !>///.

\iii

Icuconium, Desm.

•M9

radiatum. Sow.

122

continua, Tratt.

182

nionilioides, IJi.

•S\3

recoUigens, Woodw.

301

esculent a, /..

1H2

Omfthnlumyces, &c., Batt. 25

«««/<•, Sow. .

302

hybrida. Sow.

\Ki

0.>Y(iKNA, Pers.

322

tteilatum, BolU

302

jHitula, Pers.

183

equina, I'ers.

. 322

iteltatum, Br.

31 •2

Mi< OR. .VicA. .

.331

O/ki^rapha truiculahs.

Itfllatum, Huds.

301

aiiH'th.vhteuj, ArAr.

3.Ti

2;u

Stf/'atum, Schcrtr .

;«)2

AsjHTcdius, Bull. .

339

rpiphaga, H Bot.

. 214

7'«A,r. L.

307

Boliytis, Bolt.

342

1»A«UN.« VBi:, Berk.

333

umbrinum, u. ,3. I'crg.

3<^i

Botrytis, Sow.

343

aciiula. Berk.

3.34

rarioiosum, ."now

23(i

ciispilosus, L.

•Mb

Hll)ida. Berk. .

arij

verrwosum. Bull

aaj

rariiiius, Fjtj

SK

forruginea, Berk.

XH

volvam rico/tifienn,

caueeltittus, BatMh,

318

grise.n. Berk. .

334

Schm.

302

Cdryiiiehitrlii, Grev.

323

».iit)ulHin, Btrk.

•Xii

volvam, &c.., Srhm.

3f»0

caseus. With.

:c.o

PatmeUn rosea, I.yiig

328

volvam explanans.

chrytosprrmiu, Bull.

.•t'lO

I'ATK.l.LAHIA. Ff.

^m

Schm.

301

clavatun, AA-.

3.J2

ntrnt.1, Hedw.

208

volram rrJU-clms, &c..

crustaceus, Hull.

.•{.VI

Pr.NK II.I.IIM, /Jr.

l»3

.Shm.

301

crustaeeui, I,.

3U

candiduin. IJ(.

314

MArROMPoiiit'M, AV. .

.'fW

dcliratuluf, //jtA. .

332

cru»taccum, hV.

31 i

('hL'irnnthl, /■>.

.'fft>

Drmalium, Fr.

3»3

glauevm, tlrcv.

314

hftrrtapitrtum, (Jrcv.

318

dendroides. Bull. .

.S45

npnriuiii, lirep.

314

MkLAN<().MI M, /,A. .

:c>7

KmMus, I.. .

317

sjxtrsu/N, IX.

:wi

brtutmunt, .M. /» N.

357

fertuttmeus, .Sow. .

3:1 1

i/kirtuni, I.k.

3U

iphjiToidcum, /-A. .

358

Jlitvuiut, Peru.

••ril

Pkku mi;>a, Fr.

.Kl

Mriaitoitrtmta fusarMdn

,

Jnis'tfonnit, .SchcrfT.

»W

Abiiliii.i, Fr.

;i2i

(oriln,

213

////fW, .s«.w. .

.131

impulitin, Fr.

321

WfV i.«w«i (iwhruilDtH,

liiMK«-i. M.

332

Mr.^Hluia, Fr

:*•.'!

CU".

i'':i

,./.,.,--.> 1

•CM

/'. r.. ,.„4.> /.ivi.,.j,/, . 1"

•r» :cu

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

PAGE

subzdata, Nees,

333

fallax, Pers.

196

ra7)iosa, Ehrh.

212

ERIOLA, Fr.

22(5

fascicularis, A. ^ S.

191

rapula, Pers.

189

tomentosa, Fr.

226

Fibula, Pers.

207

Rapulum, Bull.

189

EZIZA, Dill.

186

fibuliformis, Bolt. .

207

repanda, Fr.

188

Abbottiana, Sow.

207

firma, Pers. .

200

reticulata, Grev.

187

abietis, Pers.

212

flexella, Pers.

207

rhabarbarina, Berk.

197

acetabulum, L

187

fructigena, Bull.

201

rhizopus, A. & S. .

192

acicularis, Bull.

208

fulva, Huds. .

190

Ros£e, Pers. .

200

agaricina, Carm.

207

furfuracea. Roth. .

192

rufo-olivacea, A. S; S.

197

albo-spadicea, Grev

194

fusca, Pers. .

200

rugosa. Sow. .

199

albo-violacea, A. Sf

S. 196

fusca, Bolt.

209

rutilans, Fr. .

190

alnea, Pers. .

210

fusca, Schum.

196

sarcoides, Pers.

210

amorpha, Pers.

167

gelat/nosa. Bull.

218

Schumacheri, Fr. .

196

anomala, Pers.

199

granulata, BhII.

190

Sclnmiacheri, 0. Fl. Dan. 186

araneosa. Bull.

190

granuliformis, Pers.

198

sclerotioides, Berk. .

208

araneosa ? Sow.

190

Grevillasi, Berk. .

198

scutellata, L.

193

atra, Huds.

209

hemisphserica, Wigg.

193

scutellata. Bolt.

194

argillacea. Sow.

190

herbarum, Pers.

204

scutellata, var. With.

190

atrata, Pers. .

207

hirsuta, Holmsk. .

193

serotina, Pers.

201

atro-rufa, Grev.

192

hispida. With.

193

scssilis. Sow. .

198

atro-virens, Pers.

205

hispidula, Schrad. .

196

Sowerbea, Pers.

192

Aucuparia, Pers.

211

humosa, Fr. .

191

sphceroides. Roth, .

211

Aucupari<s, Grev.

212

hybrida. Sow.

193

stercoraria. Bull.

209

aurantia, Pers.

107

hyalina, Pers.

198

stercorea, Pers.

194

aurea, Sow.

203

hydrophora. Bull. .

262

stipitata, Huds,

189

aurelia, Moug.

199

hydnoeidea, Johnst.

195

striata. Bolt.

229

Auricula, L. .

218

hydnoeidea, Purt .

198

sti'igosa, Fr.

296

axillaris, Nees,

205

hydnoeidea. Sow. .

197

subtilis, Fr. .

208

badia, Pers. .

187

inflexa. Bolt.

201

sublicia, Holmsk. .

189

barbata, Kl. .

199

infundibulum, Grev.

202

sulphurea, Pers.

198

bicolor, Bull.

195

inqiiinans, Pers.

209

sulphur ea, Pers.

197

bolaris, Batsch,

200

Labellu?fi, Bull.

193

tremelloides. Bull, .

210

brunnea, A. 8; S.

193

lactea. Bull. .

194

tricolor, Sow.

204

Buccina, Pers.

202

lanuginosa. Bull.

193

Tuba, Bolt. .

202

Cffirulea, Bolt.

193

lenticutaris, HofiFm.

203

tuberosa. Bull

189

ccBrulescens, Schum

196

lenticularis, Bull. .

203

umbrina, Pers.

188

cffisia, Pers. .

199

lenticutaris, &c., Ray,

190

undulata. Bolt.

125

callosa, Purt,

205

lentifera, L. .

229

variabilis, Pers.

194

calycijormis, Batsch

, 195

leporina. Sow.

187

varifficolor, Fr.

197

calycina, Schum.

195

leucoloma, Hedw. ,

191

villosa, Pers.

198

Calyculus, Sw.

202

leucostigma, Fr.

206

vinosa, A. 8; S.

205

Campanula, Nees, .

201

lichenoides, Pers.

199

violacca, Relh.

209

cartilaginea. Sow.

191

macropus, Pers.

189

virginea, Batsch, .

194

Cerasi, Pers.

211

Marchantiie, Berk.

204

viridis. Bolt. .

292

cerca, Sow.

1S8

marginata. With. .

213

vesiculosa, Btdl.

188

cerinea, Pers.

195

melaloma, A. Sf S. .

190

vitellina, Pers.

193

Chailletii, Pers.

292

melastoma. Sow. .

192

vulgaris, Fr. .

206

chrysocoma. Bull.

205

melaxantha, Fr. .

196

Wauchii, Grev.

199

chrysophthahtm, Pe

rs. 195

melaxantha, Fr.

207

xanthomela, /3. A. & S

207

cUiata, Bolt. .

194

Nidulus, Grev.

198

xanthostigma, Fr. .

206

cinerea, Batsch,

205

mgra. Bull. .

210

PuAciniuM, Fr.

291

citrina, Hedw.

202

nivea, Hedw.

195

Aquifolii, M. & N.

273

clandestina, Bull.

195

nivea. Sow.

194

caliciiforme, Reb. .

291

clandestina. Bolt.

195

ochroleuca. Bolt.

200

carbonaceum, Fr. .

292

claro-flava, Grev.

203

onotica, Pers.

187

coronatum, Fr.

292

coccinea, Jacq.

192

ochracea, Grev.

204

? Craterium, M. & N.

277

coccinea. Sow.

188

eeruginosa, Pers. .

202

dentatum, Schmidt,

292

coccinea, var. With

188

pallescens, Pers.

203

Lauro-Cerasi, Destn.

293

cochleata, Bull.

188

papillaris, Bidl.

197

niultivalve, Fr.

283

comitialis. Sow.

292

patellaria, Pers.

208

Patella", Tod.

291

compressa, A. 8; S.

207

pedicellata. Sow. .

202

Pini, A. 8s S.

292

conigena, Fr.

205

Persoonii, Moug. .

201

repandum, Fr.

93

concinna, Pers.

188

phascoides, Fr.

204

Vaccinii, Pers.

292

cornucopioides, L.

126

Pineti, Batsch,

197

Phacorhizafiliformis,

Coronilla, Pers.

201

plano-umbilicata, Grev. 1!!8

Grev. . .

180

creimta. Bull.

189

plumbea, Grev.

196

erythropus, Grev. .

181

cribrosa, Grev.

203

polymorpha. With.

210

Phallus, Mich.

226

crispa. Sow. ;.

191

populnea, Pers.

191

caninus, Hvds.

227

cupularis, L.

189

Prunastri, Pers.

211

conicus, Fl. Dan. .

185

cuticidosa, Dicks.

215

Pruni-avium, Pers.

200

crispus. Scop.
esculentus, L. ^ .

184

cyathoidea, Bull.

202

pvlchella, ^. A. & S.

195

182

cyathoides, Purt.

202

pulchella, Grev.

195

esculentus, var. With.

183

domestica. Sow.

199

pukhella, Johnst. .

195

ftetidus. Sow.

226

epidendra, Saw.

192

pulveracea, A. & S.

212

inodorus. Sow.

227

episphffiria. Mart.

197

punctata, Grev.

206

impudicus, L.

226

equina. Sow.

194

punctata, L. ,

236

iosmos. Berk.

227

Equjseti, With.

201

punctiforniis, Pers.

213

Phlebia, Fr. .

161

erratica, Fr. .

199

punctiformis, Grev.

206

merismoides, Fr. ..

162

erecta, Sow. .

144

punicea. With,

191

mesenterica, Dicks, i

162

crumpens, Grev.

296

radiculata, SonxL »

192

radiata, Fr.

162

faginea, Pers,

201

radicata, Holra^k.

189

PnoMA, Fr.

283

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

Dahlia, Berk.

284

salicinus, Grev.

140

Hedera?, Desm.

284

sanguinolentus, Carra.

130

Pustula, Pers.

284

Scoticus, A7.

142

. salignum, Ehrh.

283

spumeus, Sow

139

Phragmidiwyi incrassatum,

squamosus, Huds,

134

var. 2. Lk.

338

siiaveolens, L.

140

incrassatum, var. 1. Lk, 358

tuaveolens, var. Fr.

140

iittcrrncdium, Lk.

3;-)8

sulphurous, Bu/l. .

138

vhtusum, Lk.

339

ulmariu.s, Sotu.

142

PnYSARUM, Pers.

314

undatus, Pers.

143

album, Kccs,

313

Vaillantii, DC.

147

bulbif'orme, Schtitn.

313

varius, Pers.

136

cinereutn, Pers.

314

velutinus, Pers.

141

cUrinum, Schum. .

310

versicolor, L.

141

farinacettin, Pers. .

313

vulgaris, Pe7s.

146

liyalinurn, Pers.

313

PoLVSAccLM, Desp. .

3(H3

leucopus, Lk. .

313

olivaceum, Fr.

31 K5

nigripes, Lk. .

313

Poll/stigma rubrum, Dec

;. 286

nutans, Pers.

314

fidvum, Dec.

28(3

rubiginosurn, C/icv.

313

tijphinum, Dec.

283

sinuosuni, Bu/l.

313

POI.VTHRI.NCIUM, KuHXC,

338

sulcatutn, Lk.

313

Trifolii, Kun.

338

suJphurcum, ^. Kl,

316

Phosthi MiL.M, Kun.

297

PiLOBOLlS, TlMi.

231

betulinum, Kim.

297

chrystallinus, Tod. .

2:31

Psiloiiia, Fr.

332

roridus, Bull.

231

densa. Berk.

333

urccololi/s, Purt. .

231

gilva. Fr.
nyacinthorum, Berk.

332

PiSTILLAHI.V, /v.

181

333

inicans, Pers.

181

rosea, Berk. .

333

muscicola, Pers. .

182

setosa. Berk.

333

puberula. Berk.

181

PutciMA, Pers.

362

pusilla, Pers.

182

Adoxa, Grev.

367

quisquiliaris, Fr. .

182

.^gopodii, Lk.

366

PODISO.M.*, Lk. .

362

Anemones, Pers. .

366

foliicolum, Berk. .

362

arundinacea, Johns.

363

Jtinijkri, Nccs,

362

Asparagi, Dec.

363

JunijKTi communis,

Avicularice, Grev. .

363

Fr. .

362

Betonica;, Dec.

2M

Juniperi Sabinae, Fr.

362

Bullaria, Lk.

366

Polyactis ttdgaris, Nees,

»12

Buxi, Dec.

368

PoLYAN(;ii M, Link, .

230

Caltha;, Lk. .

3fi7

vitellinum, Lk.

230

Campanula, Carm.

364

POLVPOBUS, Mich. .

134

Caricis, Dec. .

3<).3

altietiniis, Pers.

141

cariciria, Grev.

363

adustus, Ifi/ld.

139

caryophyllacearum, var.

amoi7)hus, Fr.

1.39

Desm.

367

Armciiiacus, Berk.

147

Centaurcce, Grev. .

3()5

aureolus, Pers.

139

Chccrophijlli, Purt. .

3(6

betulinus, Btdl.

110

Chrysosplenii, Grev.

3()7

brumaiis, Pers.

i:)3

i'hrysosplenii, Grtv.

367

cajsius, Schrad.

139

Circaja?, Pers.

3t«

Carmichaclianus, Grcv

. PiO

clandestina, Carvi.

365

conchatus, Pers.

113

compositarum, Scldech.

. 3«)3

trislatiis. Schaff. .

138

Kpilobii, Dec.

367

cyli.sinus, Berk.

142

Faba>, Lk.

3<i8

dryadcus, Pers.

14.1

Fragaria-, Purt.

3.,9

ferruginosus, Schrad.

IW

Galti ciuciati, Johnst.

36.-)

fomcntarius, L.

141

Galiorum, Lk.

:<63

fraxincus. Bull.

142

glofhKsa, (Jrev,

:tt-.8

frondosus, Schrank,

v.a

Glechomatis, Dec. .

-.WiS

gigaritcus, Pers.

y.ii

gloirierau, Grev. .

3<i3

heterociitus, Boit. .

i:{.3

graeiiis, (jrev.

:t.s

hi^pidus, Hull.

l:tH

graminii, Pers.

•Mi\

itnbricatus. Hook.

l:{7

Junijk-ri, Peru.
Lychnidearum, Lk.

362

igniariiiH, L.

144

ain

incarnatUD, Pert. .

U6

Month IP, Pers.

364

Irregularin, Saw.

140

ntucrontita, u. Per*.

338

Icntus, Mich.

134

viucrouHta, $. Perg.

S6H

IcptoccpliaJu*. Jacq.

l.iS

I'olygonnrum, Lk. .

363

hicidu«, I.ryss.

j:«$

PUyumti, CJrcv.

:<6.3

medulla. |>anif<, Jacq.

146

Polygont awfthihti. Per*

. :j»i3

mnlluscus. Pert.

117

Polygoni apieulare. Per*

. .'kv;!

nlgricani, /..

114

PolentiUu-, Pert

:trf)

nummular ills, RoUk.

\:v\

I'rimuln-, Grrv.

363

IMillc-kcohi, Fr.

141

I'runorum, Lk.

36H

|K.*renni«, /,.

\:it\

Pruni siHuottc, Per*.
Pruni, Purt. .

36H

pinicola, Sotv.

143

S(W

radiatu*. StAv.

14.)

pulveriilcnla, Grev.
Bosu; M. tic N.

arw

reticulahu, Carm. .

i:to

."vW

r/A,«M, IVri.

14.'.

//tww, fitr. :i. Purt.

33N

Ribij, Schum.

Ilj

But>i-Id<n, Dec. .

•X*i

Rubi, Sow.

Saniculaj, Grcv.

Saxifragarum, Schlech

Scorodonije, Lk.

Spircea, Purt,

striola, Lk.

Syngenesiarum, Lk.

tumida, Grev.

Llmaria;, Dec.

umbelliferarum, Dec.

vaginalium, Lk.

Valantia?, Pers.

Valanticc, Grev.

variabilis, Grcv.

^'eroMicarum, Dec.

Vinca?, Berk.

Violarum, Lk.

f'tolic, Dec.
Pyrenil.m, Tode,

lignatilc, Fr. .
iignurum, ct. '1 ode,
Racodum, Pers.

eel la re, Pers.
Badix Ag. tuberosi. Bull.
Radullm, Fr. .

orbiculare, Fr.
Ramaria corailoides, var.
Holmsk.
amethystina, Holmsk,
farinosa, Holmsk. .
Jastigiata, Holmsk.
viuscoides, Holmsk.
Reticlxaria, Bull. .
alba. Bull.
alba, Sow.
atra, A. S( S. .
cartiosa cerea. Sow.
chrysosperma. Bull.
hort crisis. Bull.
hydnoides. With. .
lutea. Bull.
Lyco/jerdon, BulL .
maxima, Fr. .
viultieajtsiila, Sow.
olivacea, Fr. ,
cvata, With. .
segetum, Bull.
. Siptiea, Purt.
sinuosa, Bull,
umbrina, Fr.
Rhytisma, Fr.
Accrinum, Pers. .
Andromeda-, Pers.
cornigatum, WcA. .
maximum, Fr.
punclatun), I'ers. .
salicinum, Peis.
L'rtica', Fr.
Riii/.«ipot;()N, Fr.

albus, Bull.
Stni/.opiMLLrM, Fr, .
commune, Fr.

ScLe.RODKHMA, PiTS.

Bovigta, Fr.
Ce/Mi, Pers.
cervinuM, Per*.
Cttrtnutn, Peru.
verrucosum, Bull. .
vulgari*, Fr.
Sclcroglotiutn lancfolatum
»r \ N. .
cornulum, Fr. ,

StLKRUTUU, TiHte, .

bullatum, DC.

Claius, DC. .

complanaluni, Tode,

.r^:rritn, lIufTm. .

D.tun, Purl.

durum. Pert,
/rueluum, lircv,
Viingorum, Pert.

XI

PAGE

358
366
. 367
364
368
363
363
.3<)6
303
366
363
365
366
365
364
364
367
367
220
221
3>3
324
.3^
221
161
161

173
174
328
174
174
308
3U9
310
»«
309
330
309
329
309
308
308
321
309
3t»9
374
309
315
308
289
290

289
290
291
21H)
291
tii

130
130

»>3

306

\»^b

307

31 »5

305

'«2I
)ti\
Vii
224
Wt5
221
824
223
W4

22:)

Xll

INDEX.

herbarum, Fr.

muscorum, Pers,

populinum, Fr.

populneum, Pers. .

pyrinum, Fr.

Pustula, DC.

quercigenum, Berk.

quercinmn, Pers,

salicinum, DC

scutellatum, A. 8s S.

Semen, Tode,

subterraneum, TodCj

Valium, Pers.
Sepedonidm, Lk.

caseorum, Lk.

chrysospermum, Lk.

roseum, Fr.
Septoria, Fr.

^gopodii, Desm.

Oxyacanthfe, Kunze,

Ulmi, Kunze,
SisTOTREMA, Pers.

cinereum, Pers.

confluens, Pers.

fimbriaium, Pers.

violaceum, Pers.
Spathularia, Pers.

flavida, Pers.
Spekmoedia, Fr.

Clavus, DC. .
Sphacelia segetum, Kl.
Sphjlkobolus, Tode,

stellatus, Tode,
SphvEhia, Hall.

abietis, Fr.

accumulata, M. & N,

acuminata. Sow.

acuta, Hoffin.

^gopodii, Pers.

affinis, Grev.

agar'icijormis. Bolt.

aggregata, With.

ambiens, Pers.

ambiens, Johnst.

alutacea, Pers.

ampidlacea, Pers.

angulata, Fr.

anserina, Pers.

aquifolia, Moug.

Aquila, Fr.

aquUa, Johnst.

Arhuti, Sow.

argillacea, Pers.

artocreas. Tod.

arundinacea, Sow.

aspera, Fr.

atro-purpurea, Fr.

atro-virens, A. S( S.

Aucuparue, Pers.

aurantia, Pers,

aurantia, Grev.

aurea, Grev. ,

aurea. Sow.

Berberidis, Pers.

betidina. Sow. .

bicolor. Bull. .

biformis, Pers.

bi form is, (3. Kun.

bifrons, S. S; K.

bifrons. Sow. .

Bonibarda, Batsch,

bombardica. Bolt.

botryosa, Fr.

Brassies, Kl.

BtassiccB, iJicks.

Brassicce, Bolt.

brevis. Sow.

brunneola, Fr.

Btixi, Dec.

byssiseda, Tode,

' " ia, 3. Tode,

PAGE

2-25
223
225
225
224
225
222
225
225
222
222
223
223
350
350
350
350
356
356
356
356
IfiO
133
160
159
141
179
179

231
231
232
249
254
274
274
279
263
233
265
250
282
234
269
248
267
253
259
260
292
237
278
256
242
239
272
212
259
239
259
290
253
243
236
261
261
258
283
264
265
239
261
223
222
268
279
272
260
259

byssisedae, Pers.
calva. Tod.
cancellata. Tod.
canescens, Pers.
capillata, Grev,
capitata, Holmsk. .
Carpini, Hoffra.
Carpini, Sow.
carpophila, Pers.
ceratosperma, Tode,
ceratosperma, Purt.
ceuthocarpa, Fr.
ceuthosporoides, Berk
ciliaris. Sow.
cinnabarina. Tod. .
circumvallata. Sow.
cirrhata. Sow.
cirrhosa, Pers.
citrina, Pers.
clavata. Sow.
clypeata, Ncesy
claviformis. Sow. .
coccinea, Pers.
cohsrens, Pers.
collapsa. Sow.
comata, Tod.
complanata, Tod. .
complanata, M. & N.
concava. Sow.
concentrica, Bolt. .
convergens, Tode, .
Corchori, Desm.
Corni, Sow.
Corni-SuecicB, Fr. .
Corni, Mont,
corniculata, Ehr. .
corona. Sow.
coronata, Hoffm. .
corticalis, Purt.
corticis. Sow.
Coryli, Batsch,
Craterium, Dec.
Crustacea, Sow.
culmifraga, Fr.
cupularis, Pers.
curvirostra. Sow.
cyathoidea, Pers.
decipiens, DiC.
decolorant, Pers.
decomponens. Sow.
decorticans. Sow.
decor ticata, Purt. ,
Dematium, Pers. .
depressa. Sow.
depiessa. Bolt,
deusta, Hoffm.
Dianthi, A. ^ S. .
diffusa. Sow.
digitata, L.
digitata. Bolt
digitata. Sow.
dioica, Moug.
disciformis, Hoffm.
discutiens, Berk.
dissepta,'Fn
Doliolum, Pers.
Dothidea, Moug, .
dubia, Pers.
dub/a. Sow.
duplex. Sow. .
echinata, Sow.
elongata, Fr.
ellipsosperma. Sow.
enteroleuca, Fr.
entomorrhiza, Dicks.
entypa, Fr.
episphffiria, Tode, .
erect a. Sow.
erecta, Purt.
excipuliformis, Fr.
extensa, Fr.

PAcn
259
262
250
261
276
233
257
257
235
244
250
258
258
2J6
252
258
282
267
238
234
270
265
253
231
212
273
274
280
280
236
252
272
276
276
271
247
264
249
254
2C8
257
277
239
275
254
245
293
245
252
267
241
241
274
240
241
240
280
239
234
235
234
253
241
245
249
275
255
211
282
277
337
255

267
263
278
242
266
247

PACK

fagmea, M. & N. . 251

faginea, Pers. . 250

favacea, Fr. . . 242

ferruginea, Pers. . 244

fibrosa, Pers. . 247

filicina, Fr. . . 255

fimbriata, Pers. . 257

flmbriata, (3. Pers. . 257

fimeti, Pers. . 246

flavo-virens, Hoffm. 242

Jlavo-virescens, Hoffm. 242

Jloriformis, Sow. . 246

Jiuens, Sow. . . 254

fragiformis, Pers. . 236

fragiformis. With. 252

fraxinea. Sow. . 236

frondicola, Fr. . 280

fuliginosa, Pers. . 255

fuliginosa. Sow. . 237

furfuracea, Fr. . 251

fusca, Pers. . 237

gelatinosa, Tode, . 238

Gnomon, Tode, . 277

gracilis, Grev. . 233

graminis, Pers. . 257

granulosa. Sow. . 237

gyrosa, Schwein. . 254

hedercBcola, Fr. . 279

Heder£e, Sow. . 278

Hedercv, /3. Fr, . 283

herbarum, Pers. . 21b

hirsuta, Grev. . 261

hirsuta, Fr. . . 262

hispida, Tode, . 262

Hookeri, A7. . 234

hypotrichoides. Sow. 284

Hystrix, Tode, . 244

Hystrix, M. & N. . 251

hypodermia, Fr. . 251

Hypoxylon, L. . 234

immersa. Sow. , 245

inquilina, Wallr. . 276

inquinans, Tode, . 269

Ilicis, Schl. . . 273

irregularis. Sow. . 243

Juglandis, Fr. . 271

Junci, Fr. . . 256

Kerris, Berk. . 272

Laburni, Pers. . 253

labrata, Pers. . 237

lanciformis, Fr. . 243

lata, Pers. . . 245

lateritia, Fr. . 238

leioplaca, Fr. . 245

leiphzemia, Fr. . 250

leucostoma, Pers. . 248

leucostoma, Johnst. 248
lichenoides, var. M. & N. 279

lichenoides, var. Johnst 279

Ugnaria, Grev. , 262

Lirella, M. Sf N. . 273

livida, Fr. . . 267

longa. Sow. . . 275

longissima, Pers. . 256

Lonicerse, Sow. . 271

luteo-virens, Fr. . 239

lycoprrdoides. With. 236

maculEeformis, Pers. 278

malorum, Berk. . 257

mammffiformis, Pers. 264

matfimosa. With. . 260

marginata. Sow, . 248

maxima. Bolt. . 240

melogramma. Bull. 255

militaris, L. . . 232

Mori, With. , 253

moriformis, Tode, . 265

viulticeps. Sow. . 242

raultifbrmis, Fr. , 237

niyriocarpa, Fr. . 266

nebulosa, Pers. 256

INDEX.

xm

PAca

PAGE

PAOli

nidula. Sow. .

2f>i

Saturnus, Sow.

249

Sporocybk, Fr.

333

uivea, Iloffm.

248

scirpicola, Dec.

275

albida, Fr.

335

nivia. Sow.

260

Scopula, Sow.

328

calicioides, Fr.

333

nucula, Fr.

26fl

Scrophularia, Dfiw.

276

byssoides, Fr.

333

numraularia, Bu/l.

240

scmi-itmnersa, Pers.

270

Sporodinia grandis, Lk.

340

obturata, Fr.

271

serpens, Peri.

239

SpoRvJTRicnuM, Lk. .

S45

ocellata, Fr. .

268

setacea, Pers.

277

aurantiacum, Grev.

546

ochracea, Grev.

25-2

solida. Sow.

224

chlorinum, Lk.

346

ophioglossoides, Efi

rh. 2'U

sordaria, /v-. .

265

geochrum, Desm. .

346

ovina, Fcrs. .

2fi0

spernioides, Boffm.

264

inosculans, Fr.

346

papil/ata, Hoffm.

24.-i

spermoides, Purt. .

265

lateritium. Sow.

3i3

papiUosa, Purt.

261

spL-ulifcra, .Sow.

28.-,

laxum, Lk.

347

papulosa. Sow.

261)

spiculosa, /"^ri.

24.')

macrosporum, Grev.

»t9

parallrUi, Sow.

242

spiculosa, liatsch, .

2.57

minutum, Circv.

S47

Patella, Pers.

21)1

spiiiosa, Pers.

244

nigrum, Fr. .

346

peduncul'Un, Dicks.

233

stcllulata, Fr.

24«

sulphureum, Grev.

317

pcUita, Fr.

273

stercoraria. Sow. .

261

Spumaria, Pers.

309

penetrans, a.. Todc,

292

Stigma, Hoffm.

241

alba. BiUl.

309

pertusa, Fers.

266

stilbostoma, Fr.

2.50

alba, Fl, Dan.

310

Pcziza, Todc,

•iCi

striaeformis, Fr.

256

mucilago, Necs,

310

phajocoincs Rib.

276

strigosa, A. & S.
strobilina, H. .^ S. .

261

mucilage, Pcrs.

310

pilifera, Fr. .

266

271

physaroides, Pcrs.

314

pilosa, Pers. .

262

Strumella, Fr.

2U

Stachylididm, Lk.

340

pinastri, D>c.

270

subconfluons, Soiv.

279

bicolor, Lk.

340

pinastri, Neos,
Pisi. Sow.

266

stibconjiueiis, Purt.

291

canduium, Grev. .

341

27.^>

subcotijlitcns. Sow. .

278

ditlusum, Fr.

341

platnnoidcs, Pcrs.

251

subsecreln. Sow.

269

lerrestrc, Lk.

341

platasca, Berk.

263

subulata, 'J od.

2S1

Ste.mo.vitis, Gled.

317

potymorptta, Prrs.

234

sulcata. Bolt.

294

fasciculata, Nees, .

817

pomiformis, Pcrs.

264

Talus, var. Tod.

251

fusca, Roth, .

317

popiiUna, Pcrs.

268

Talus, y. Tode,

284

ovata, Pers. .

317

Poronia, Fr. .

236

Tamariscinis, (h-ev.

270

obtusa, Fr.

317

porphi/roi^onn. Tod.

274

Taxi, Saw.

272

papillata, Pers.

317

Potent ill le. Sow.

288

tileola, Fr.

249

Sxirris, Pers. .

212

proiusa, Fr.

249

TilisE, Pers. .

269

nigra, Cann. .

214

profiisa. Sow.

a55

tremelloides. With.

354

pallida, i'.T*. .

213

profusa, var. .

282

trichella, Fr.

277

radiata, L.

213

pruinosa,

269

Trifolii, Pers.

257

rul'a, C^arm.

220

Pruiiastri, Purt.

2W

tristis. Toil. .

260

Sicrostoma, Carw. .

213

Prunastri, I'urt. '

211

tub.-pfonnis. Tod. .

277

sphairalis, Fr.

213

Pteridis, Sow.

297

tuberculosa, Purt .

237

versicolor, ¥t.

214

pulchella, Pcr.i.

2.'il

tuberculosa. Sow. .

236

versicolor, 3. Fr.

214

pulvefacca, L'hrfi. .

2a')

tuberosa. Sow.

224

SriLBosi'ORA, Pers.

356

pqlvis-pyrius, Pcts.

26r>

turgida, Pers.

250

a8tcrosf)eriiia, Pers. ■

356

punctata, L. .

2.'i5

typliina, I'ers.

2a5

•magna, Berk.

837

punctirormis, Pers.

278

uda, Pers.

243

tnicrospemia, M. & N.

358

punclij'ormis, (B. Gre

V. 277

udn, Necs,

239

ovata, Pers. .

3M

punctiformis, y. Per

3. 293

ulmaria. Sow.

286

projusa, Grev.

357

Pupula, Fr.

269

umbrina, .fit ;*.

264

pyri/orniis, HofTin.

357

Purtoni, Orev.

263

undulata, Pers.

241

Stilbi'm, Tode,

820

pustuin, I'ers.

284

mtulata. Bull.

224

bicolor, Pers.

S30

pustulata, Hofnn.

282

Vaccinii. S<nv.

254

citrinum, Pers.

SSO

puttul^ita, M. \- N.

218

vclata, Ptrs.

246

erythrocephalum, Ditm.330

quati-rnata, Pers.

251

verrucuforrais, Ehrh.

212

nigrum. Berk.

330

qucrcina, Pers.
Kacodium, Pers.

243

vibratilis, Fr.

268

parasilicum, Ditm.

330

261

Xylostea, Pers.

270

pellucidum, Sc/irad.

330

ramosa, Dicks.

235

Yucc.p, Schwein.

2.')8

tomentosum, Se/irad,

330

recutita, Fr. .

278

Sphurocarjms albus, Bui

. 314

turbiuatum, Tode, .

330

relicina, Fr. .

274

chrysospennus. Bull.

32(1

vulgare, Tode,

SSO

rrptans. Sow.

2ftl

culnutricus. Bull.
Jieoide.i, Bull.

321

Stromatospfi<rria concen.

reticulata, Dec.

2H9

319

trica, CJrev.

sriG

ribesta. Per*.

2H5

flori/orntis. Bull.

310

cornicuUita, Grev. .

247

rosella, A. \ S.

2.V.>

frnnifi-rmis, Dec. .

.-&«

deusta, (J rev.

244)

rostellala, Fr.

267

fraiidit, .Sow.

319

diseiformis, Grev.

241

rulK.'lla, Pers.

274

pyriforinLi, Purt.

.320

etliptiea, (Jrcv.

'£n

Huh,, Mart .

an

Si-niiirtchtoides, Sow.

818

ferruginea, (J rev. .

VU

rubijonms. Sow.

»V5

sessilis, r>ull.

321

Jtavo-vtrens, CJrev.

242

rut)iKiiio»a, Pert.

2Xt

$eisilis. Sow.

:ki

fragiformis, Grev.

£«

nxlis, .>/</»/',' .

270

turbirudu.1. Bull.

;<ifi

fusca, Grev.

KH

rufo.Juica, Fr.

254

i<^m/m, liull. .

314

lata, Grev.

245

Tufa, Pers.

vrw

Sl'H.HRoNEMA, />.

281

mMllicejis, Grev.

242

rufiosa, (ircv.

2<l'>

dubiilatuii), /w/.

2H1

nigro-annulata, Grcr.

948

rujiosa, Purt.

. 2rf7

SPILiK .*.A, /v.

rwi

nirea, (>rcv. .

248

ntfiosa, var Purt.

255

Pomi, /•>.

.•W)

Prvnastri, Grev. .

»4fi

•ti>iucola, Fr.
Mlirella, Fr. .

271

Spork.ndonkma, /A*m.

3.50

qiiercitui, (Jrev.

843

VfiH

("a.«ei, /)«-*wi

350

riUsia, Grev.

mb

Mlicitia, Pers.

2,V)

mu»<a>, /r.

350

rubigiH<a,i, (ircv. .

8S7

talictna, .Sow.

2h:j

Sfiondermium ntntfn.

Stigma, lirev.

241

■niiKuinca, WUk.

V«.3

iirvv. . . 1

352

twhttut, Gr«».
tilmana, (ircv.

2K5

utntcutfM-a, $. Fr.

WVJ

Sporuiesmium atrum.

Wri

Sn/KfuariiT, IKv.

2H0

Dci-in

.T.2

fuligmcmtet, Ditm

90H

XIV

INDEX.

page

PAGE

PAUE

Thamnomyces, Ehrh.

284

boletifm-mis, E. Bot.

218

nigricans, /,*.

334

hippotrichoides, Soiv. 284

cerebrina, Bull.

216

rosea, Pers.

328

Thelebolus, Tode,

230

chrysocoma, BulL .

216

vulgaris, Tode,

354

stercoreus, Tode,

230

clavata, Pers.

217

Tubulina cylindrica, Dec

. 321

Thelephora, Ehrh.

• 162

clavariaformis, Pers.

362

TuLosTOMA, Pers.

305

acerina, Pers.

172

deliguescens. Bull. .

220

brumale, Pers.

305

amorpha, Pers.

167

encephala, WiUd. .

218

mammosum, Fr.

305

aurantiaca, Sow.

169

ferruginea, Sm.

215

Tympanis, Tode^

210

avellana, Fr. .

167

fimbriata, Pers.

215

alnea, Pers. .

210

bolaris, Pers.

169

Jlaccida, E. Bot. .

218

conspersa, Fr.

211

byssoides, Pers.

168

foliacea, Pers.

215

fraxini, Schw.

210

calcea, Pers. .

170

glandulosa. Bull. .

218

Typhula, Fr.

180

ceerulea, Schrad.

168

intumescens, Sm. .

217

erythropus, Pers. .

181

carbonaria, Berk.

169

Juniperina, L.

361

filiformis, Bull.

181

ciiierea, Pers.

172

lachrymalis, Pers. .

220

gyrans, Batsch,

180

comedens, Nees,

171

ligularis. Bull.

362

placorhiza, Reich. .

180

coralloides, Fr.

163

mesenterica, Reiz,

216

tenuis, Soiv.

181

Corium, Pers.

128

moriformis, E. Bot.

219

Uredo, Pers.

374

corrugata, Fr.

172

nigricans. Bull.

354

cecidiiformis, Grev,

379

corylea, Grev.

166

recisa, Ditm.

218

AlchemiUa, Pers. .

382

cristata, Pers.

164

Sabina, Dicks.*

362

Alliorum, Dec.

376

el6gans, Mey.

163

Sabince, var. 2. With.

362

antherarum, Dec. .

380

elegans, Purt.

166

saligna, A. & S.

214

anthyllidis, Grev. .

382

epidermea, Pers.

171

sarcoides. With.

217

apiculosum, Lk.

382

fraxinea, Pers.

172

spiculosa, Pers.

218

appendiculosa, Berk.

382

gigantea, Pers.

170

Slictis, Pers. ;.

220

appendiculata, /3. Pers.

1^

granulosa, Pers.
hirsuta, Willd.

171

tinctoria, Pers.

215

Armcriffi, Dub.

166

Urticce, Pers.

355

aurea, Purt.

381

incarnata, Pers.

171

verticalis. Bull.

215

aurea, Purt. .

381

incrustans, Pers.

170

violacea. With.

219

amea. Sow.

383

intybacea, Grev.

166

Triblidium caliciiforme.

Bet£e, Pers.

377

laciniata, Pers.

165

Chev. . .

291

bifrons, Grev.

382

lactescens, Berk.

169

Trichia, Hall, .

319

bifrons, Grev.

382

Lauro-cerasi, Berk.

173

alba, Purt.

313

bullata, Pers. .

366

livida, Fr.

171

alba. Sow.

317

Campanulae, Pers. .

378

livida, /3. Pers.

171

Botrytis, «. Pers. .

319

Candida, Pers.

383

mesenterica, Pers.

162

chrysosperma, Dec.

320

Caprearum, Dec.

385

miniata, Berk.

168

cinerea, Bull.

319

Cardui, Sow.

378

muscigena, Pers.

128

cinnabaris. Bull.

318

caricina, Schleich. .

376

nuda, Fr.

172

clavata, Pers.

320

Caricis, Pers.

.375

ochracea, Fr.

170

decipiens, Pers.

319

Caries, Dec. .

374

Padi, Pers.

172

demidata. With. .

318

Caryophyllacearum,

pallida, Pers.

163

faginea, Johnst.

199

Johnst.

380

palmata, Scop.

163

fallax, Pers. .

319

dehor acearum, Dec.

382

pannosa. Sow.

163

fulva, Purt. .

319

compransor, Schlech.

378

pergamenea, Pers.

170

Jusco-atra, Sibth. .

321

confluens, Dec.

383

purpurea, Pers.

166

gymnosperma, Pers.

321

conftuens, /3. Pers. .

383

quercina, Pers.

167

meteorica. Sow.

321

cruciferarum, Dec.

383

rosea, Pers.

168

nitens, Pers. ,. .

320

Crustacea, Berk.

378

rubiginosa, Schrad.

165

nuda, With. " .

317

cylindrica, Straus. .

384

rufa, Pers.

167

nutans. Bull. .

319

cylindrispora, Fr. .

383

rugosa, Pers. .

166

ovata, Pers.

320

effusa, Straus.

381

Sambuci, Pers.

170

polymorpha. Sow. .

350

Epilobii, Dec.

381

sanguinolenta, A. §■

S. 167

pyriformis, Hoffm. .

319

Epilobii, Purt.

368

sebacea, Pers.

170

pyriformis. Sow.

320

Equiseti, Berk.

383

sericea, /2. Pers.

167

recutita. With.

318

Euphorbias, Reb.

384

sulphurea, Pers.

169

reticulata, Pers.

320

Fabce, Grev. .

382

tabacina. Sow.

165

serotina, Schrad.

319

farinosa, Pers.

383

terrestris, Ehrh.

165

Serpula, Pers.

320

Filicura, Desm.

383

Tilice, Pers. .

172

sphcerocephala. Sow.

313

FicaricB, A. & S. .

380

tuberosa, Grev.

164

turbinata, With.

320

flosculorum, Dec. '.

379

viscosa, Pers.

171

turbinata, Pers.

320

FragaricE, Sow.

382

vulgaris, Pers.

128

varia, Pers.

320

fusca, Purt. .

382

ToRULA, Pers. .

359

Trichoderma, Pers. .

323

Geranii, Dec.

380

antennata, Pers.

359

viride, Pers. .

323

gyrosa, Reb. .
Helioscopice, Dec. .

384

aurea, Corda,

348

Trichothecium, Lk.

347

384

botrtjoides, Corda,

349

fuscum, Fr. .

347

Heraclei, Grev.

379

cylindrica, Berk.

360

roseura, Lk. .

348

Hypericorum, Dec.

380

Eriophori, Berk.

359

Triphragmium Ulmariee

intrusa, Grev.

382

fructigena, Pers.

348

Lk. . . ,

' 368

Iridis, Dub. .

376

fulva, Corda, .

348

Tuber, Mich. .

227

Labiatarum, Dec. .

377

herbarum, Lk.

359

album. Bull. .

229

Leguminosarum, Lk.

382

monilioides, Corda,

359

cibarium, Sibth.

228

linearis, Pers.

375

monilioides, Corda,

349

moschatum, Bull. .

228

linearis, a,. M. & N.

375

ovalispora, Berb..

359

solidicm. With- ■ .

305

linearis, /3. Pers,

383

Tremella, DHL .

, 215

Tubekcularia, Tode,

354

Lini, Dec.

384

a\h\dsi,,Sm.

216

albida. Berk. . .

354

longissima, Sow.

374

amethysiea, Bolt.

217

Buxi, Deo.

351

Menthce, Purt.

377

arborea, E. Bot.

218

conftuens, M. & N. .

354

miniata, a,. M. & N,

381

Auricula-Judae, L,

217

discoides, Fr. .

354

miniata, et. Pers. .

381

badia, Chev. .

215

granulata, Pers. >

354

oblongata, Grev. i.

S76

INDEX.

XV

PAGE

PAGB

oblongata, Grev.

376

Saxifragarum, Dec.

380

olivacea, Dec.

375

Scillarum, Grev.

376

ovafa, a.. /3. Grev. .

381

segetum, Pers.

374

parallela. Berk.
Petasiles, Grev.

374

Seiiccionis, Schlech.

379

378

silophila, Ditra.

374

Petroselini, Dec. .

379

Sonc/ii, Pers.

378

pmguis, Desni.
Polygonorum, Dec.

3Sl

Spireme, Sow.

382

37G

suaveolens, Pers. .

378

populina, Pcrs.

384

Thlaspi, Sow. , ,.

383

Populi, Purt.

384

Tussilaiiinis, Pers. .

.378

Porri. Sow.

376

Umbeliatarum, Johnst

379

Potenlillce, Dec.

382

urceolorum, Dec. .

375

Poteiitillarum, Dec.

381

utriculosuin, Nees,

377

Poterii, Spreng.

384

Vacciniorum, Johnst.

377

Primula2, Dec.

377

VicUefabof, Pers. .

382

pustulata, Pers.
Pyrolffi, Grev.

381

VinccB, Dec. .

377

378

violacea, Pers.

380

Quercus, Brand. .
Kanuriculaccarum,

383

Violarum, Dec.

380

ViteUiiuB, Dec.

385

Dec. .

379

Ustilago Antherarum, Fr. 380

Rhinantheacearum,

floscutorum, Fr.

379

O ^"'- r.- ■ •

377

segetum, Ditni.

374

Rosa;, Dec.

381

utriculoruyn, Fr.

375

Hosce, (3. Dec.

381

Variola ria ceratosperma,

Eosw-centifolUe, Pers.

381

Bull. .

247

Rubigo, i)ec.

375

ellipsosperma, Bull.

269

Rubi-ItLei, Pers. .

.384

fugax. Bull. .

282

Jtudi.fruticusi, Pers.

381

melogramma. Bull.

255

Rubor urn, Dec.

381

Verwicularia trichella.

Rurnicum, Dec.

382

■ Grev. .

277

Runiicis, Purt.

382

Verpa, Sw.

184

Rutnicum, fi. Dec. .

382

conica, Sw.

185

Saliceti, Schlech. .

385

digitaliformis, Pers.

184

&Uicis, Grev.

385

KrombhoUzii, Corda,

181

PAGE

ViBRISSEA, Fr.

186

truncorum, A. Sf S.

186

Virgaria nigra, Nees,

aw

Kylaria digitata, Grev.

234

Hy poxy Ion, Grev. .

235

polymorphn, Grev.

234

Xyloma Andromeda,

Pers. .

290

acerinum, Pers.
alneum, Pers.

291

288

anguture, Purt.

293

betulinum, Fr.

286

bifrons, Dec.

258

carboriaceum, Fr. .

292

circinans, M. & N.

25S

concentricum, Pers.

280

concava, Grev.

280

ertnnpens, Fr.

292

fagineum, Grev.

278

Geranii, Grev.

287

herbarum, A. & S.

293

hysterioiJes, Pers. .

296

leucochreas, Dec.

290

Lonicerte, Fr.

325

mullivalve, Dec.

283

Pini, A. & S.

292

populinum, Pers. .

258

pseudo.platani, Dec.

291

punctatiim, Pers. .

291

7fo5d', Johnst.

255

rubrum, Pers.

286

salicinum, Pers.

290

saiignum, Pers.

284

striiefarmu, M. & N.

297

OlMgow :-.r. Km LI., Printer to (ho Uiilvor»ilv

-,^ i'e* York Botanical Garden Library

QK306.S62v.5pt.2 gen

Smith, James Edward/The English flora

Hill llllllllllllll
00123 1818

II
3 5185