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———_<—<—eoa-

VOL. |. — APRIL 1885 to MARCH I886.

EDITOR:
JOST 1. SIMIDE,
NATIONAL MUSEUM,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

TONS Glee
AMERIGANA

- BROOKLYN, APRIL, 1885. NO.

ee

ANNOUNCEMENT.

Experience has shown that the Entomologists of the United States
have not been disposed to give that support, which would insure financial
_ success to the various entomological journals that have been published,

and the feeling among many, of late years, has been that in union there
would be strength. At the meeting of the Entomological Club of the
May ACTA, S., “in September 1884, the desirability of a union of existing
journals was unanimously conceded.
Negotiations between the representatives of the ‘‘Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society”, and “Papilio”, led to an arrangement
by which these Journals were discontinued, and all intention of reviving

them abandoned. [nm their stead, a new Journal—of which this is the

first number—was created.

The new Journal will be devoted to Entomology in general, and
the support of leading specialists in all orders has been promised, ‘The
effort will be to make it interesting and instructive to all persons in any
way interested in entomology.

For many reasons the issuing of such a Journal as an individual
enterprise was deemed undesirable, and the representatives of ‘‘Papilio”
therefore became life members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,
which has been duly incorporated. Provision has been made for
a permanent publication fund which, it is hoped, will place the new
Journal on a sound financial basis,

a

The publication committee consists of the Editor and Messrs. B.
Neumoegen, H. Edwards, E. L. Graef and F. Tepper; and the two
journals are therefore represented in the management.

- The Journal will be edited by Mr. J. B. Smith, who has heretofore
had charge of the Bulletin, and we are glad to announce that Prof. C.
V. Riley, U. S. Entomologist, who has also become a life member of
the Society, has promised his assistance in making the Journal a success,

The proceedings of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and of the
Entomological Society of Washington, will be regularly published, and
any other Entomological Society that will send us an abstract of its
proceedings will receive like consideration.

We ask therefore that all interested in the advance of American
Entomology give us their substantial and hearty aid in our new enter-

prise. Tue Pusiication CoMMITTFE,

Visit to an old time Entomologist.
By Dr. Joun G. Morris.

One evening, some years ago, while sipping tea with the family of
a friend in his garden in an interior Ohio village, I hastily and uncere-
moniously sprung up from my chair, much to the astgnishment of my
friends, and captured a beetle that was lazily flying by Well, I spilled
my tea and dropped my flannel cake and tongue, (not my own, it was
delicious beef tongue) but in the scramble, I secured the insect.

‘You should visit Baron Jenison, before you leave Ohio”, exclaimed
the lady of the house, ‘‘he also catches bugs and is a queer specimen of
a big-bug himself, and yet not a hum-bug either,”

‘‘Baron Jenison!” I replied, “I would goa hundred miles out of my
way to see him, for I have heard of him as a man worth visiting.”

Having received directions, behold me early next morning on my
way to visit a foreign titled entomologist who had settled down in Central
Ohio. I had never corresponded with him, but I had heard of him. I
knew that he was closely allied to one of the proudest families of the
English nobility, but he himself was a German by birth. For some years
he had held a distinguished rank in the army of a German prince. He
had enjoyed all the advantages of a German university education. He was
a gentleman of refined manners and ornamental accomplishments, —he
excelled in music and as a draughtsman he had few equals, . His leisure

as ae

hours were devoted to Entomology and his ardor became so intense,
that, having procured a furlough from military duty, he went to Africa on
a collecting tour and visited most of the museums and large private col-
lections of Europe.

An unhappy disagreement with some of his family led him to leave
his native country and settle in the United States. He abandoned for-
tune and all prospects of preferment and came over with his wife asa
poor man. He laid aside all his titular and aristocratic honors and was
known among his neighbors as plain Mr. Jenison.

This was the gentleman whom I was going to visit. I was quite a
young man and wanted tosee and learn. I had never seen a live noble-
man. Since that time, I have seen many with more names than dollars,
and more titles than shirts.

On arriving at the village where the baron lived, I did not at once
go to his house. I was covered with Ohio dust and I went to a hotel
and spent more time in making my toilet than I had done for months.
I thought my appearance should correspond to the occasion. The boot
black said that if he rubbed another hour at my boots, they would be as
thin as paper, and the chambermaid impudently asked me ‘‘whether I
intended to wash my own shirt?”. ‘‘Is soap scarce here?’’ I rejoined.
‘-No Sir, but it will be if you stay here long” was the little minx’s an—
swer, as she bolted like lightning out of the room, just in time to escape
a blow from my slippers which I hurled at her head.

After smoothing down every hair and adjusting my cravat very
neatly, much to its astonishment, I ordered a coach and two, There was no
such vehicle in the village. I was told that I must walk. Walk! toa
nobleman’s mansion? ‘That was vulgar but I had to do it:

I went. The house was pointed out. It was not a palace, not even
a splendid mansion; it was an ordinary house, very ordinary indeed. It
was located on the muddy tow path of a canal; it was constructed of un-
painted boards; pigs, fowls and dogs were enjoying themselves around
unmolested. I thought my guide had made a mistake. My fancy had
portrayed something different: I had thought of columned porticoes,
massive gateways, a porter’s lodge: and _ liveried servants. My courage
began to rise, for verdant as I was, I was intimidated at the idea of en-
countering a learned nobleman in his stately mansion, but if his resi-
dence is so unpretending, thought I, his manners must correspond. |
knocked. A plain, farmer-like man in shirt sleeves, stubby red beard,
coarse straw hat, shoes innocent of the stain of blacking and vest and
pants that had seen long and severe service, appeared.

—4—

I inquired in English: “Is Mr. Jenison at home?”

“Yes Sir, walk in’ was the reply in strong German accent.

‘Please deliver this card”, said I.

“Tam Mr, Jenison, at your service, Sir!” he replied, straightening
himself up with an air of dignity and polished refinement that bespoke
the cultivated gentleman under this every day guise.

I was amazed and relieved. This then was the entomologist, Baron
Jenison. I told him my errand in his native language and I was most cor-
dially,, almost enthusiastically received. There was the genuine German
gush in his manner and in less than ten minutes, though he was twenty
years older than I, we were on most familiar terms. We began at once
and although it was before noon, I will not say how late it was at night,
or rather how early next morning, before we parted.

It was indeed a glorious day. He of course, showed me all his
collections in almost every department of Zoology, and presented me
with some of his unequalled entomological drawings. He treated me
most hospitably and regaled me with everything his own larder and a
neighboring caterer could furnish. He displayed extensive reading and
personal observation on various branches of Natural History and
entertained me most instructively from his exhaustless stores of informa-
tion. I humbly sat at the feet of this Gamaliel of science and hung upon
his rich discourse with rapture. I started questions and suggested diffi-
culties just to draw him out and he spoke like a book. He had met
with no one for months who could speak with him on his favorite sub-
ject and he seemed greatly delighted. You may imagine what an excit-
ing day I spent. ‘The Baron was personally acquainted with many of
the most distinguished naturalists of Europe and related many interest-
ing anecdotes concerning them, He made me tell all I knew about our
American entomologists of that day, when the brotherhood was yet small.

Long shall the events of that day be remembered by me. It was an
intellectual feast rarely enjoyed. ‘The final adieu long after midnight
was impressive. I tore myself away bearing many specimens of the
generous Baron’s duplicate beetles and the profoundest respect for a truly
accomplished gentleman and naturalist.

Baltimore, Febry. 1885.

id ee

Synonymical Notes.
By Grorce H. Horn, M. D.

There have remained for a long time in our lists species described
by Edward Newman which have for various reasons escaped _identifica-
tion. Several of these are Cerambycidze which immediately obtruded
themselves during a recent re-arrangement of my cabinet. Having satis-
factorily determined those not previously settled it appeared to me proper
to bring together in one list all of Newman's Cerambycide. These have
been described either in the ‘‘Entomologist” bearing date 1840-2, or in
the “Entomological Magazine” Vol. V, bearing date 1838, In the annex-
ed list I have arranged the genera alphabetically, for easy reference, and
opposite each of Newman’s names the equivalent as now recognized.
Those names opposite which no other occurs are still used.

In addition to the Cerambycidze, Newman has described a large
number of species in other groups: these are also brought together and
similarly treated.

In conclusion will be found a number of notes referred to from the
list by numbers in parenthesis.

By the method of treatment here adopted, priority is established, and
the excuse of ‘‘long continued use” can not prevail in rejecting an old
name for a new one.

CERAMBYCIDAE DESCRIBED BY EDW. NEWMAN, WITH THEIR SYNONOMY,

Callidium zreum Ent. Mag. V. 393.

oe antennatum ed.
se cylindrides ed. 394 = Smodicum cucujiforme Say.
Chion rusticus Ent. 23 = Chion cinctus Drury.

Clytus humeralis Ent. Mag. V, 394 = Neoclytus scutellaris Oliv.
Curius dentatus Ent, 17.

** scambus Ent. 79 = Plectromerus dentipes Oliv.
Encyclops pallipes Ent. Mag. 392 = Encyclops ccerulea Say.
Elaphidion deflendum Ent. 6 = Stenosphenus notatus Oliv.

es sobrium Ent. 30 = Bs sobrius (1)
mucronatum Ent. 27 = Elaphidion mucronatum Fabr,
se incertum Ent. 28.
parallelum Ent. 29.
arctum Ent. 29 = E. parallelum Newm.
inerme Ent. 29.
pumilum Ent. 29.

Glaphyra semiusta Ent, 19 = Molorchus bimaculatus Say (2).
Heterachthes ebenus Ent. 9.

Age

Leptura badia Ent. 69 = Typocerus badius Newm.
‘© nobilis Ent. 69 = ss velutinus Oliv.
‘-) Sinvata: Ent. 70: — sinuatus Newm.
PS eenalnicera ent 7O.—— ae . zebratus Fab.

bifaris Ent. 70.
** — mutabilis Ent. 71.
capitata Ent. 71.

‘© directa Ent. 71 = Acmezeops directa Nm.

“ . indirecta Ent. 71 = Leptura lineola Say.

‘© interrupta Ent. 72 = ‘* subhamata Rand.

Seeeesuichcan n/n 172 — ** octonatata Say.

e vibex Ent. 72 (8).

** allecta Ent. 72 = Leptura spheericollis Say (4).
paupercula Ent. 72 = ‘ ¥

oe exiguas Ent). 73) (6):

‘*; heematites Ent. 73.

‘© nana Ent. 73 == Leptura exigua Nm.
Methia pusilla Ent. 18.
Obrium rubrum Ent. Mag. V, 395.

Oeme indecora Ent. 8 = Oeme rigida Say.
Pachyta Ione Ent. 30 = Gaurotes cyanipennis Say.

Phyton limum Ent. 18 = Phyton pallidum Say.
Saperda cretata Ent. Mag. V, 396.

** cana Ent. 12 = Stenostola pergrata Say.
Be flammata Ent. 13 = Amphionycha flammata Nm,
Spalacopsis stolata Ent, 305 (6).
ce suffusa Ent. 305.
Strangalia famelica Ent. 68,
e emaciata Ent. 68 = Strangalia acuminata Oliy.
ee strigosa Ent. 69.
Yoxotus dives Ent. 68 = Toxotus cylindricollis Say.

Ee rugipennis Zoologist Vol. 2, p. 476 (14).

The following other than Cerambycide are described in the Ento-
mologist.
Lebia russata p. 31 = Pinacodera platicollis Say.
Plochionus amandus p. 32.
Hispa Bacchus p, 76 = Odontota bicolor Oliv.
‘* Ariadne p. 77 = Charistena Ariadne Nm.
*¢ Erebus p. 77 = Microrhopala Erebus Nm.
See tOnp 7c ee excavata Oliy.
Pee Hecatesp.. 77) — a cyanea Say.
Cryptocephalus binominis p. 78 (7).
‘y quadriforis p. 78 (8).
quadruplex p. 78.
lateritius p. 78.

sparsus p. 79 (§8)-

ce

ee

r

—7—

Species described in Entomological Magazine, Vol. V, 1838.

TYrichius bistriga p. 170 == Trichius affinis Gory.

Penthe funerea p. 374 == Penthe pimelia Fab.’
Pogonocerus concolor p. 375 == Dendroides concolor Nm.
as bicolor p. 375 == Dendroides canadensis Latr.

Pedilus fulvipes p. 375 == Corphyra fulvipes Nm.

Se UNthOrax. py S7i5——an os collaris Say.

Sa kauSh pp! 37.5) — ‘ lugubris Say.

ee CULE ae p33 75) — *« terminalis Say.

SeucUbTIS p13 75) — s Newmani Lec,

Myodes stylopides p. 376 == Myodites stylopides Nm.
Emmesa connectens p. 376.
Hypulus simulator p. 376.
Cephaloon lepturides p. 377.
Macratria linearis p. 377 == Macratria murina Fab.
Ischnomera carmata p. 378 = Asclera ruficollis Say.
Synchroa punctata p. 378.
Bolitophagus silphides p. 378 == Nosodes scabra Thunb.
cs tetraopes p. 378 = Boletophagus depressus Rand.
Hydnocera serrata p. 380 = Hydnocera pallipennis Say.
Opilus castaneus p. 380 = Priocera castanea Nm.
Degrapha typica p. 380 = Calopteron reticulatum Fab.
ce discrepans p. 381 = ‘ “
oe dorsalis p. 381 = «¢ _ terminale Say.
ts divisa p. 381 a a
Cenia scapularis p. 381 = Czenia dimidiata Fab.

I

Eros preefectus p. 382 = Eros thoracicus Rand.
Roe LIGLOW (pe 302:
«* alatus p. 382 = Plateros canaliculatis Say.
‘¢ oblitus p. 382 = Eros sculptilis Say.
Polaclasis ovata, p. 383 = Polyclasis bifaria Say.
Rhipicera proserpina p. 383 Sandalus petrophya Knoch.
Onichodon orchesides p. 384 = Fornax orchesides Nm.
Necrophorus bicolon p. 385 = Necrophorus pustulatus Hersch.
Feronia atrata p. 386 = Pterostichus permundus Say.
** — orbata p. 386 = Evarthrus orbatus Nm.
** spoliata p. 386 = Evarthrus spoliatus Nm.
** coracina p, 386 = Pterostichus coracinus Nm.
** monedula p. 386 = Pterostichus coracinus? Nm.
‘* Jachrymosa p. 387 = Pterostichus lachrymosus Nm.
** moerens p. 387 = Pterostichus coracinus Nm.
‘* picipes p. 377 (9)-
‘© relicta p. 387 = Pterostichus relictus Nm.
** _ interfector p. 387 = Pterostichus adoxus Say.
«« rostrata p. 387 = Pterostichus rostratus Nim.
Amphasia fulvicollis p. 388 = Amphasia interstitialis Say.
Phymaphora pulchella p. 389.

=

Languria gracilis p. 390.
Hispa Xerene p. 390 = Microrhopala Xerene Nm.
‘© Philemon p. 390 = Odontota nervosa Panz.
6) Baucis p. 390 = se s
Donacia cincticornis p. 391 (10)-
RP cataractz p. 391 (11).
fs rugifrons p. 391 (11).
Orsodachna costata p. 391 (12).
as ruficollis p. 391.

se inconstans p. 392.
Chleenius fulgiceps p. 490 = Chleenius pensylvanicus Say.
Ae augustus p. 490.

MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS.

Anchomenus picticornis Zoologist, 11, p. 414 == Platynus picticornis Nm.
Hydnocera rufipes Charlesw. Mag. LV, p. 362 (13).
x cegra id, p- 364.
ac curtipennis id. p. 364 = Hydnocera rusticalis Say.
Rhysodes aratus Charlesw. Mag. 1838, p. 664 = Rhysodes exaratus Serv.
ae sculptilis id. p- 666 = Clinidium sculptile Nm.
Cryptocephalus bivius id. 1840, p. 249.
ne larvatus id. p- 250 = Griburius larvatus Nm.
cf Jautus id. = Cryptocephalus guttulatus Oliv.
ts limbatus id. == Pachybrachys limbatus Nm.
a mammifer id.
& geminatus id. == Cryptocephalus lituratus Fab.
oe lixus id. = ?Cryptocephalus trivittatus Oliv.
cs luteolus id. unknown.
NOTES:

1.—Stenosphenus sobrius Nm,, does not occur within our faunal limits
It is abundant in Mexico.

2.—Glaphyra semiusta Nm, is that variety of AL bimaculatus Say, with
the greater portion of the surface rufo-testaceous,

3.——Subsequently described by me as LZ. nitidicollis.

4.—Leplura allecta Nm., is that form of sphaericollis with red thorax,
paupercula with black thorax.

5.—Synonymous with this species is Z. suucra Lec, L. exigua Nm. is
recognized as variable. ‘The typical form is black, the basal joint
of antennz and front legs pale; Z. mana has the mouth pale, also
the front legs and the bases of the middle and hind femora; Z.
saucia Lec., has the legs similar to zava, the thorax yellow with a
large discoidal black spot; sometimes the angles only are yellow.
In my cabinet is a specimen similar to mana with the head rufo-
testaceous.

er ee

L. subirgentata Kby. Under this name I propose to include
several forms which have been separated on color variation. ‘These
are ruficeps Lec., simlis Kby., and rholopus Lec. The differences
between these forms are given by Dr. Leconte (New Species, 1873,
p. 217) the last name2J, accidentally omitted, being very like
the normal sudargentifa except that the legs are all rufo-testaceous.

6. —It is probable that these are merely sexes of one, sfola¢z being the
male, suffusa the female.

7.—This is, without much doubt, that called by the later name asf
wnctus Hald.

8.—These two have not been certainly identified.

g.—‘‘The type of /. prcxpes Nm , in the British Museum belongs to
this (séy.gicus Say) species, but the description does not agree and
seems to refer rather to P. sudmarginatus.” Leconte. In either
case the name is a synonym and should be dropped.

10.—This is the species known by the more recent name of /ucrda Lac.

11.—These two seem to he forms of the variable cupruea Kby.

12.—After an examination ofa large series of Orsodachne from all parts of
our country I can see no reason why they should not be considered
as one species. There is even greater variation in color than the
names now known will cover, The published names in the order _
of date are as follows:

0, ATRA Ahrens, Neue Schr. Ges. Halle, 1811, 1, p. 46.
vittata Say, Journ. Acad. iii, 1823, p. 430.
armeniacee Germ., Ins. spec. nov, 1824. p. 526.
hepatica Say, Journ. Acad. V, 1827, p. 281.
Childreni Kby., Faun, Bor. Am. 1837, IV, p. 221, pl. 7, fig. 6.
tibialis Kby., id. id.
inconstans Nm. Ent. Mag. V, 1838, p. 392.
coslata Nm., ruficollis Nm., id. p. 391.
trivittata Lac., Mon. Phytop. 1845, i, p. 71.
luctuosa Lac, id. Deas:
tricolor Mels., Proc. Acad. 1840, p. 160.

From this it seems that our species has quite as much synonymy
as has been admitted for the two principal European species.
13.—Aydnocera rufipes has been placed as a variety of humeralis Say, but
incorrectly, it is a much paler blue than that, the legs entirely pale
rufo-testaceous and the elytra are densely and finely punctured.

14.—This species has since been re-described by Dr. Leconte (New
Species, 1873, p. 207) as Pachyla rugipennis, he being apparently
unaware of Newman’s previous description.

Too

On the classification of North American Diptera.
(Second paper.)*
By Dr. S. W. WILLIsTon.

The limits of the two following families, as here given, are narrower
than those now accepted by Osten-Sacken, whose authority in dipteroloyi-
cal matters I need not say is among the very highest. For convenience
sake, however, I exclude certain disputed genera, to be discussed else-
where, thus rendering the forms given in this paper more certainly re-
cognizable. In this, as in the following papers, I introduce genera from
Mexico and the West Indies, wherever I can do so with clearness; such
will be printed in italics. Genera unknown to me will be preceded by
an ‘asterisk.

TANYSTOMA.

Tarsi with three membranous pads at the tip (the empodium deve-
loped pulvilliform); body and legs wholly without macrocheetee (dipfera
eremocheta Osten-Sacken); eyes of male holoptic (Osten-Sacken), rarely
narrowly seperated; two sub-marginal, five posterior cells in the wing,
fifth posterior cell not contiguous at its base with the discal cell; the mar-
ginal vein encompasses the whole wing; some or all the tibize with spurs.

TABANID&.

Proboscis of the male with four, of the female with six bristles; third
joint of the antennae annulate, never with differentiated style or bristle; tegu-
lae rather large. |

Species never very small, often among the largest in the order; never
thickly pilose; in life the eyes usually brilliantly colored and marked.
Head short, broad, eyes large. Antennz porrect, the third joint com-
posed of from three to eight annuli or segments. Thorax not very
convex, scutellum without spines on its border. Abdomen broad,
moderately elongate or short, never slender or contracted. Legs moder-
ately stout, the front and middle tibia sometimes dilated, the middle
tibiae always with spurs. Veins of the wings distinct; first posterior cell
(and fourth in exotic species) rarely closed.

Early stages passed in the water or earth; larvae carnivorous; with
a distinct head; pupze free. The females are blood-sucking, usually found
in the neighborhood of pastures, in sunny open parts of woods, during
the hot sun-shiny days of summer. ‘The males are much more rarely
met with, and will be found usually in sweepings of meadow lands, on
flowers, etc.

* The first paper of the series is in Bull. B’kl. Ent. Soc. VII, p. 129.

ST

1.—Hind tibize with spurs at their tips (sometimes small). (Pungoninw.).......... 2
Hind tibize without spurs; ocelli absent. (Tabanine.) 004.0 beh ede ba cg 5
2,—Third joint of the antenne composed of eight annuli, the first of which is only a
littievlon cer thamsthe followlne Ones namin reticle leralele ilies = ciety eeeerarae tee 3

Third joint composed of five or fewer segments, the first of which is much longer
thansthertollowingstOcelligpresent”. .1: emumesteery ss) tat pace \ererie ps eet ee 4

3.—Front of female narrow, without denuded callus; ocelli rarely absent.. Pangonia.
Front of female broad, with a large, broad, denuded callus; ocelli present......
Apatolestes, v. n,

4.—Second joint of the antennze about halfas long as the first; wings hyaline or with

small spots; eyes in life with numerous small dots................. Silvius.
Second joint as long, or but little shorter than the first; wings with a dark pic ure;
Syesunilitemwithitewer lance spots: QMMeNertetersier specter (tater tele Chrysops.
5.--Front of the female as broad as long; callus transverse; front tibiz a little
dilated; base of third antennal joint not dilated............. Hematopota.
HrOntoliemale marrow sree an |) +> seen Peeks shee sted tual stenns oe Oe RIO eCerS 6
6.—Front tibiz very much dilated; third antennal joint not strongly angulated above
SAKA. . Lepidoselaga.
Bront tibice moderately dilated: face ShorGay eto... ve ls ee le ae Diachlorus.
MOM teri ceem oO LaClated. Beare eyes e ats tn: «.'s « 2 SRMRMR ERC LoVe. .ous (josie faften Sung tvs ustst ay oy eR rf
7.—A small ocelligerous tubercle present in the female; eyes pubescent, more dist-
AM GULYANMAH CRNA Comp w tere abt i. 5, «fe temnepener are ork eisyo eet aot Therioplectes.
Ocellsaerousitubercleabsent;) eyes pubescemts ye saces. 4.2 toe a ele Atylotus.
Weellicerots te vercle absents| eves) Dare fuser wera. t = pre eves eas Tabanus.
LEPTIDZ.

Third joint of antenne simple; with a simple, or thickened styliform,
bristle, tegule rudimentary.

Rather small to rather large species; thinly pilose, with short thorax,
elongate abdomen and large wings. Head short, eyes of male contiguous
or approximate; ocelli present. Antennze mostly short, never elongate,
the third joint with a terminal or dorsal bristle, or terminal slender style,
Face small, excavated. Proboscis short; palpi slender, porrect, often
bushy pilose. Abdomen elongate, broadest toward the base, composed
of seven segments; the female ovipositor pointed. Legs slender, the hind
pair somewhat elongate; some or all the tibiae spurred. Posterior cells of
wings all open,

Larvee carnivorous, living in earth, decaying wood, dry sand,
in moss or in water. The flies are usually found about meadow
and low woodlands, on bushes, etc., and prey upon other insects. Some
western species of Symphoromyia, according to Osten-Sacken, suck blood,
as do the horse-flies.

— oa

1.—Front tibize with terminal spurs; face without swelling in the middle (Dialysis

Walk: teste Osten-Sacken) ~:.;.gtgterac Orn a bacioaeicietaemie tres Triptotricha.

Hront itibiedestituteiof terminal’ spurstaeg 1b aesieiieanc vi ey elem 2
2.—Third joint of antennz, round, oval, or pear-shaped, the bristle distinctly
Fermin al een cig Sie oki cce hs kre nee Roe OM ronets oI aetna ere cas er eee one 3

Mody omt kidney-shaped, arista monerdonsaleecdsc ne oieet eerie tiereetis siete erate 5
Pee Al CON OPEN 5 or tege wpe i kceme ss = sve RRO Aaa ol aot es cate sie egos ys ....Leptis.
Anal cell closed......... Shiai = wis ES aya PN MRSS ARS Cees co Meta DAA Ce ae Teo aa
4.—1 hird joint of antennee with a slender arcuate bristle............... Chrysopile.
Mhird jointewith a‘shorter, Slender stylete ots veee' at ant *Spania.*Ptiolina.

Ge AIRCEIL PEM ic. hclsjnaiee e's + i> «oe Re atrat ee aS 2H sates Symphoromyia.
PATA CELI CLOSEU A Grae eae aia es > = +e RRB tales teehee iareler ara fave tepe neers vate he Atherix.

Apatolestes, n. g. Q. Head broad; eyes bare, elliptical, angulated
above. Front broad, its least width (at the vertex) about a third of
the length, below with a large, transverse, denuded callus. Ocelli
distinct. Antenne situated below the middle of the head in pro-
file, short, small, first joint thickened, but little longer than broad; _sec-
ond joint very short, simple; third joint twice as long as the first two
together, only a little thickened at the base, cylindrical, composed of
eight annuli, the first only a little longer than the following ones. — Pro-
boscis short, scarcely extending beyond the tip of the palpi, the second
joint of the latter moderately taickened. Abdomen a little wider than
the thorax, the sides nearly parallel to the tip of the fourth segment.
Legs simple, the front tibia very slightly dilated, hind tibiae with spurs.
All the posterior cells open; anterior branch of third vein with a stump

near its origin.

Apatolestes comastes, n. sp. Q. Black, thickly bluish gray pollinose. Front
shining black; face whitish gray; palpi light yellow; wings with stigmatic spot and
brownish spots on the cross veins; tibize brownish yellow. Length 11 mm., of wings
g mm.

Front shining black, on each side of the ocelli faintly brownish pollinose, below the
callus, the first two antennal joints, and on the face densely nearly white pollinose; third
antennal joint black. Thorax nearly uniformly clothed with bluish gray pollen, thicker
on the pleurze; on the dorsum with sparse white pubescence, the pleuree with moderately
abundant white pile; dorsum with three slender whitish stripes. Abdomen opaque
brownish black, the first segment and the posterior margins of the following segments
grayish and clothed with sparse white hairs. Legs black, the tibize brownish yellow;
front tarsi blackish, middle and hind pairs brown. Wings lightly infuscated, the
stigma and narrow clouds on the cross-veins brownish.

Two specimens. California. This specits in size and general ap-
pearance resembles Zaéanus pumilus Macq.

Gen. nov. A female specimen ofa species, yet unnamed, from Florida,

—13—

may belong to a new genus. The species is the smallest with which I am
acguainted in the family, measuring only 6 mm, and has the appearance
ofa small Tabanus. The hind tibize have minute spurs. The head is that of
Tabanus (sensu strict.), except that there is no callus, the front is rather
broader, and the antennz have only two very small terminal annuli of
the third joint, the basal segment of which is large, only a little longer
than broad, gently convex below and obtusely angulated in the middle
above. The body is light yellowish brown, thickly pollinose, the wings
hyaline with a brownish stigmatic spot. The eyes in life apparently had
the upper half green and the lower purple.

Noctuids common to Europe and North America.

By Joun B. Situ.

In the ‘‘Verh. k. k. zool. bot. Gesellschaft in Wien” 1874, pp. 273
to 319, is a paper on the above subject, by Mr. H. B. Meeschler, than
whom perhaps no one has a better collection of Insects from boreal
america. From Labrador especially he seems to have sources of supply
not open to the majority of collectors, and not a few of the species de-
scribed by him are unknown to the American student. To the courtesy
of Mr. Meeschler, who at the request of Mr. A. W. P. Cramer sent me
for study a small lot of northern species, and among them his types, I
am in a position not only to speak intelligently as to his species; but
also to correct some errors which have crept into his article. As the
heading to this article implies, I speak of the Noctuids alone, and more
particularly of the species of Agro/is.

Agrotis augur Fab. = haruspica Grt. Mr. Meeschler refers approy-
ingly to Speyer’s note on this species. Speyer calls them varieties, nam-
ing the american form grandis. Grote had previously named the species
haruspica and retains the name as referring to a distinct species, and in
my opinion correctly. Augur is uniformly smaller and with very dist-
inct maculation, and is distinguishable at a glance from its European
ally. Not that alone would afford reason for their distinctness; but the
fore tibize are much more heavily spinulated in the American form, and
the genital organs of the Gj are obviously different. In Aurwspica the
side piece is wider at the middle, and narrows rather abruptly to an ob-
tuse tip. The clasper is short, stout, with an abrupt curve forming one
quarter ofa circle. In augur on the contrary the side piece is much

-—14— :

longer, tapering regularly and evenly from base to tip: the clasper is
much longer, more slender, gracefully curved, and terminating in a hook
curved into a semi-circle. These characters are constant and reliable,
and indicate a good species, however closely related. The western form
verre differs from haruspica less than that species does from augur, and
is yet a fairly good species.

é Agrotts sincera H. 5. This species [{ have not been able to compare

with European material, but doubt its identity.
+) : { rasta : ; , .
Agrotts Wocket Moeschl. ‘This species has been hitherto unidenti-

fied by American Lepidopterists, and is said, fide Staudinger, ‘to occur
also in Central Asia. Comparisons of types prove that scropu/ana Morr.
isa later name for Wocker, and not for carnea, as Mr. Grote puts it:
Okakensis Pack, is suspected by Mr. Meeschler as identical with either
Carnea or Wocket, but without reason: it has bipectinate antenne, while
those of Wocker are simple. 1 may be permitted to doubt the identity of

the Central Asia specimen with our American form.
! !
Agrotis festiva var. conflua. Mceschler speaks of a Q recently receiv-

ed, and in his Jot is a specimen marked var, conflua: but which is cer-
tainly not that species. I have conflua and /esfiva, and compared with
them, this species differs in having a protuberant, roughened clypeus,
very heavily armed fore tibia, and entirely different genitalia. I have
named the species so/#/arta, and feel certain that Mr. Mceschler has al-
lowed a superficial resemblance to mislead him.

Agrotis simplonia Hb, G. Mr. Meeschler mentions two specimens,
and especialiy a <j‘ which is distinguished by a rusty spot before the reni-
form: this identical specimen is now before me, and is certainly nothing
more nor less than a large §‘ of Mr. Meeschler’s own species, dzssona
which is also in the same lot. Compared with alpine szmplonia which |
have at hand the differences are so radical and obvious, that it is really
a mystery how Mr. Meeschler could overlook them, Szmplonza need not
yet be added to our faunal lists.

Agrotis Islandica, This Mr. Meeschler claims is found in Labrador;
but not like the type form. Two specimens, one from Iceland, and one
marked var. Laéradorensis are in Mr. Meeschler’s lot. This variety is
certainly the opzpara of Mr. Morrison, and in my opinion fully distinct
from the type Islandica. I have seen numerous specimens of ofipara
which showed very little variation, and decline to believe that it is a vari-
ation of /sdandica, which 1s closely allied to sexasilis or obeliscoides. I
would much rather believe it a form of ochrogas/er Gn., which varies
enormously.

—15—

Agrotis segetum = texana Git, This reference is doubtfully ae
fide Grote in his list of 1875, and /exvana is not known to Mr. Meeschler
in nature. I have seen both sexes of sege¢um as well as /exana and find
them totally different. Mr, Grote’s reference was probably made on the
faith of erroneous information as to the European species. I do not
believe that segefwm occurs in our fauna.

There are eleven other species of Agr otis cited as common to both
continents—viz: Chardinyt, baja, speciosa, C. nigrum, ple ta, Senna,
ravi, saucta, ypsiton, prasina, and occulta, and as to those I believe him
correct, though all the references had been previously made.

At some future date I shall have some criticisms to make of others
of Mr. Meeschler’s original references. I would here simply call] atten~
tion to the fact that all is not done when it has been determined» that
there are no constant differences in color and maculation between species
on both sides of the Atlantic. All those forms which are at home in
North America are presumably distinct, and only the most careful com-
parisons of structure should determine whether the species are really
alike. A certain amount of exception to this applies in the case of the
circumpolar fauna, and of species which extend far northwardly. ‘The
great similarity of surroundings, and the extreme probability that at
some time a connection existed between the circumpolar countries, gives
countenance to the idea that the fauna is largely identical, and to this
opinion I am led by what I have thus far seen of that fauna.

As to Mr. Mceschler’s paper asa whole, it bears evidence that the
author is a firm believer in the identity of a large percentage of the Lepi-
doptera found in Europe and North America, and his comparisons are
all made with a view to prove identity. ‘Too much importance is placed
on color and maculation, and not enough on structure. Mr. Meeschler’s
references, where they are original, must be carefully verified before they
are accepted.

—_—_——t»> + 2

Eyes of Insects.

In No. 2 of the Journal onthe, Naw Microscopical Society, is an
article on ‘‘compound eyes and multiple images”, interesting as well to
the Entomologist as to the Microscopist. There is considerable infor-
mation about the general structure, and especially interesting are the
notes on the differences of size in the facets of some Zabanide, and the
probable difference of function. Mr. Williston’s paper on Syrphid@ shows
that this difference in size of facets occurs also in that family, and also
that it has some generic value, J. B.S.

6

Water Beetles.

Looking over several collections of Water Beetles recently, I was
surprised to see how poorly they are usually represented. Mr, Roberts
and myself last season took numerous species, most of them in large
numbers, out ofa single pond, and in fact a very limited tract of that
pond; and that in mid-summer. April and May are the best months to
collect those insects, and any moderate sized pool in which there is some
vegetation is sure to yield an abundant harvest. A stout net ring is re-
quired, the bag to be of coarse cheese cloth, and the vegetation should
be swept nearly to the bottom: not once only, but halfa dozen times,
Ina single haul over a hundred specimens, representing ten or a dozen
species have been taken. Rather sluggish ditches in meadows form ex-
cellent collecting grounds. Bite:

Oviposition in Agrion.

Mr. McLachlan has noticed Agrion mercuriale, (“a very local British
species”) with a part or the whole of the abdomen incrusted with mud,
caused by its sinking its eggs in the mud left from the dried up pools.
He is not aware that this species descends beneath the surface of the
water. (Ent. Mo. Mag. Vol. XXI, p. 211.) Remembering the same
thing, on referring to my collection, I find a few females of our common
Agrion cwvile with mud ona part of the abdomen, The egg laying habit
of this species is to sink about the last four segments beneath the water,
generally on grass. I know only one species of North American Agrion
to descend beneath the surface of the water, viz: our common A. exu/ans.
I have noticed it a foot or more beneath the surface, fastening its eggs to
the stems of water grass, and remaining submerged a long time during
the operation. When a stick is thrust near it, or a slight commotion
caused that will shake the grass stalk, it will let go, rise quickly to the
surface and as quickly take wing.

ACAD. NAT. SCI, PHILA, S. FRANK AARON.

In June 1870 | took about sixty cocoons of Samia Cynthia to New-
burgh, N. Y., and there freed them. In August 1884 I found on Eagle
Cliff, Lake Mohawk, some distance west of Newburgh, several cocoons
of S. cynthia on Sassafras. These were evidently the descendants of those
I had freed in 1870. Avlanthus is not found on Eagle Cliff, and the
species has evidently adopted the food plant of its near ally, promethea.

Cuas. A. A, DiiRine.

—17—

New Bombycidae from Colorado.

By Henry Epwarps.

Notodonta notaria, n. sp.

Primaries mouse-color, with the nervures, three apical streaks, and a dentate,
marginal line, brown. At the base, from near costa to near internal margin is a clear
and very distinct white streak, Secondaries sordid white, with brownish dentate
marginal line, and a large brownish blotch at anal angle, enclosing a whitish sublunate
mark. Thorax concolorous with primaries. Abdomen yellowish brown at base,
whitish toward the tip. Antennee dull fawn—color. Underside of primaries sordid
white, clouded with brownish, of secondaries sordid white, margins only brownish.

Exp. wings 50 mm. Length of body 24 mm. Colorado (D. Bruce.)
5 specimens (j Q.

A very fine insect, undoubtedly belonging to the European genus,
and in its general aspect recalling NV, ¢remula, S. V., and . dorva, L.

Janassa lignicolor, var. Coloradensis, n. var.

This is probably a new species, but for the present I prefer to regard
it as a variety only. The primaries are however much less produced
than in /. “ignicolor and the tint is grey, with little or no wood-brown
shade. The coloring is more diffusely disposed over the wing surface,
giving an indistinctness to the markings, and there isa great difference
in the general appearance, difficult to define in words, The anal cloud
on the secondaries is decidedly smaller, while the whole insect has a
shorter and stouter appearance.

Several examples. GQ. Denver, Colorado (D. Bruce), Salt Lake
(Hy. Edwards).

Icthyura Brucei, n. sp.

Ground color of primaries sordid white, with the lines and marks, rich brown. A
basal and sub-basal line, the former whitish, edged with brown, and dentate in the
middle, the latter almost straight. Behind the middle is a broad brown shade, through
which from costa to internal angle runs a clear white line, which on costa is broadly
produced into the distinct white mark usual in the genus. between this and the
margin a row of seven brown spots in the middle of which is a brownish cloud resting
on posterior margin, which with the fringe is brownish, Secondaries wholly mouse—
color, Thorax sordid white at the sides, the centre broadly brown. Abdomen dull
sordid white. Antennze and palpi brown, the shaft of the former whitish. Underside,
mouse -color, with darker bent median band common to both wings, and the white
costal mark on primaries indicated by a pale dash.

Exp. wings 30 mm. Length of body 12 mm. Colorado, 1 ©.

A very characteristic and distinct species which I dedicate with
great pleasure to my good friend, Mr. David Bruce, its discoverer. It
differs exceedingly from any form previously known to me.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANS 3

=o

The breeding habits of some of our Dragonflies.
By Wm. T. Davis.

In the March number of the American Naturalist, Mr. F. E. Todd
gives an interesting account of the breeding habits of some Dakota
dragonflies. A species closely resembling Lestes unguiculafa was ob-
served by him crawling down the stems of plants to a depth of several
feet in a clear pool.

I myself have observed various species of “mallet-headed” dragon-
flies under water, clinging to plant stems, and once—but only once——I
saw a female Aeschna go below the surface of a slow flowing spring. It
was on the 21st of October and about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when
I observed this dragonfly partly immersed, but it soon crawled further
down the stick until it was entirely under water and near the bottom of
the pool which was quite shallow, ‘This insect I have before me now
and I take it to be Aeschna verticalis, Hagen. It isa bedraggled speci-
men and probably was near the end of its days even if had not so un-
kindly terminated them.

Some of the species of Aeschna seem partial to running water and
I have noticed many flying up and down a brook in the fall, but have
never noticed the same insects about the ponds in the vicinity. It is
probable, however, that only a few of the large headed dragonflies go
below the surface to lay their eggs, as we often see them dipping their
abdomens as they fly close to the water.

Mr. Uhler says: ‘‘Zebed/ula auripennis I have often seen laying eggs
and I think I was not deceived in my observation that she dropped a
bunch of eggs into the open ditch while balancing herself just a little
way above the surface of the water.”

a Ss

Are Curculio Larvae Lignivorous?
Dear Sir:

Mr. Knaus, in the last Bulletin, p. 150, seems rather to enquire
whether curculio larvae live upon dead or decaying wood, than to quest-
ion their feeding upon the woody tissues of living plants. So far as my
experience goes, it seems beyond doubt that, in addition to such genera
as Hylobius and Pissodes which infest living plants, there are species
which breed in dead wood. I have observed Magdalis barbita oviposit-
ing in fallen hickory (Carya amara) and have taken larve, pupae, and

-~19—

imagos of same species from trees that had evidently been felled more
than one season. <Acopfus suturalis may also be found in dead stumps.
In the following family Eupsalis minuia breeds frequently in old stumps
and logs of maple, ete., while in the Calandrid@ | think there are un-
doubtedly lignivorous species. Cossonus platalea has been found by me
in large numbers under the the bark of a poplar which had been some
years dead and was partly decayed, The beetles had evidently emerged
from the wood, which was penetrated by numerous small holes. AAyn-
colus and Stenoscelis of this family also apparently breed in dead wood,
I have taken specimens of S. érevis both from old poplar and from
maple stumps.
Ottowa, March 11, 1885. W. Hacur Harrineoton.

—_____$<_<aenip-0 <> 0-9

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society, March 3d. Twenty-six members and
visitors present, the President Mr. Cramer in the chair. The reports of the offi-
cers for 1884 were read and approved. Mr. A. Sallé of Paris, France; Baron C.
R. von Osten-Sacken, Heidelberg, Germany; and Dr. John G. Morris, Baltimore,
Md., were on motion of Mr. J. B. Smith elected honorary members of the
Society. Prof. C. V. Riley of Washington, D. C., was elected a life member.
Mr. A. E. Brunn was nominated for membership by Mr. E. L. Gref, and Mr.
W. H. Danby of Brooklyn, and Mr. Eugene M. Aaron of Philadelphia were no-
minated for membership by Mr. John Bb. Smith.

On motion, the Secretary was instructed to offer to the Agassiz Association
the aid of the Society in the way of determinations and in such other ways as
might best further the ends of both Societies.

Mr. Smith introduced Dr. Horn of Philadelphia, honorary member of the
Society, and Dr. 8. W. Williston of New Haven, who had come on to attend the
meeting of the Society. Dr. Williston was invited to sit as a corresponding
member of the Society.

Mr. Smith described a monstrosity of a <j‘ Lucanus cervus, the left mandible
of which was modified into an imperfect Q head.

Dr. Horn gave a short account of several monstrosities known to him, and
stated that the Lamellicornia were especially rich in monstrosities. The antennz
were very often the subject of abnormal variations. Frequently there would be
an unequal number of joints in specimens of the same species, or even in the
same specimen. The Carabidae stood next in the order of frequency. This led
him to speak of variations of color and sculpture, and their value in systematic
work. The sexual organs of the <j‘ are among the most absolutely invariable
structures, and are the most reliable in the separation of species among the Sta-
philinide. Mr. Smith gave it as the result of his studies in the Noctuide that the
genitalia of the <j afforded the best possible specific characters. In the species
of Mamestra especially, every species nearly has a very distinct and peculiar
structure. Identity of type always indicates close relationship, while identity of
form in his experience, proves specific identity, no matter how much maculation

9 ee

or color may differ. The variations of M. olivacea were alluded to, and though
he had separated two species on apparently excellent characters of maculation,
yet he fully expected that they would ultimately prove varieties or races of the
same species.

Dr. Williston stated that the result of his studies in Diptera had led him
to hold views in accordance with those of Dr. Horn. He had been much inter-
ested in the results, recently published, reached by Dr. Horn and Mr. Smith in
reference to the value of sexual characters. In the Diptera the range of color
variation was very wide. Specimens, of the same species in his cabinet ranged
from clear yellow to deep black. They were undoubtedly the same species be-
cause he had every intergrade in his series; yet some writers would be apt to
make four of five distinct species out of them. Species should be very cautiously
described on color characters alone, no matter how well marked they appeared
to be. The time for indiscriminate description had passed, and comparative
Entomology must now be specially studied.

Dr. Horn then spoke as to genera. The variation of species was almost univer-
sally admitted, and by the theory of evolution was explained. But genera varied
also—they so gradually intergraded that there were but very indistinct lines of de-
marcation. However disinclined workers might be to affirm their belief in evoln-
tion, all the best work done was wittingly or unwittingly based on it. Keeping
that as a guide permanent arrangement of groups of genera and species can be
made. An illustration was drawn from the Meloide in the highest type of which
the claws were distinctly bifid, the parts equal, the upper portion pectinated.
These varied gradually to the perfectly simple, single claw. by reasoning from
the theory of evolution he sometime since predicted the occurrence of two turther
genera that would fill gaps left in the series by the then known forms. One of
these predicted genera has been since discovered. He confidently expected the
occurence of the other. Mr. Smith spoke as to the generic divisions of the Lepi-
doptera. The hairy eyed genera of the Noctuide especially afford an instance.
Mamestra, Teeniocampa and Xylomiges though widely separated in the lists yet
ran so close that it was next to impossible to draw a distinct line between them.
Species occur which might with almost equal propriety be referred to either
genus.

Mr. Hulst spoke on this subject. In bis opinion nature must be taken as
we find it, and whatever our opinion on the theory of evolution, in practice it
would be found that nature had certain gaps that could be utilized in systematic
work. The chain was nowhere complete, and with the amount of material that
falls to the lot of the ordinary collector no trouble is experienced. He alluded to
the inconstancies of characters usec in separating families, in the (reometride.
The venation, which forms the basis for the highest divisions in Lepidoptera,
often in the Geometridé varies essentially in one and the same species.

The remainder of the evening was spent in informal discussion, during
which Dr. Horn illustrated three varieties of <j found in Cryptobium. Nearly
every species has these varieties, one of which, Dr. Horn calls a complete ¢j,
another an incomplete <j, the third an imperfect ¢. A paper now in press will
completely illustrate these forms.

The Treasurer reported the amount of the Publication fund $150 as fol-
lows: Life membership fees from E, L. Gref, John B. Smith and Prof. ©. V.
Riley, each $50 = $150.

pTONCLOGIC,»
AMERICANA

BROOKLYN, MAY, 1885. NO. 2.

VOL. I.
Classification of Hemiptera.
By HERBERT OSBORN.

Authors are by no means agreed as to the exact limits of the order
Hemiptera or rather as to the number of groups to be included in this
varied order. Neither are they agreed as to the natural affinities or the
relative rank of the groups and sub-groups they place in it.

Mr. P. R. Uhler, our best American Hemipterist includes in the
group only the Heteroptera, Homoptera and Parasita, excluding the
Mallophaga and the Thysanopiera; these latter groups have been includ-
ed by many authorities and Mr. Packard still maintains on embryological
grounds that they should be included.

This being the condition, and as many more observations both em-
brvological and morphological seem necessary to definitely settle the
question at issue, we are forced to content ourselves with systems more
or less artificial.

In undertaking to present a synoptical arrangement of the group
therefore, I shall not consider it in place to discuss these doubtful matters,
but simply endeavor to present in condensed form what seems to me the
most natural grouping, and that which will afford students the most
ready means of arranging their collections.

I have followed most nearly the arrangement given by Mr. Uhler in
his chapter on Hemiptera in the “Standard Natural History” but am in-
debted also to the works of Westwood, Packard, and others. While I
have verified all points possible, I have in many instances been obliged
to rely upon various authorities, well aware that the discovery of new
species must frequently modify the definition of the groups to which they
naturally must be referred, and while finding occasion to introduce oc-
casional characters in separating the families, based on observations of

oer eae

the material in my own hands, it would of course be useless and out of
place to attempt to designate such portions, since originality can not be
claimed for any such work, though the author may rightly be held re-
sponsible for presenting the matter as a whole.

The arrangement given is in descending order, but it will be im-
possible to follow this in the order of giving the generic synopses.

Including the Mulophaga and the Thysanoptera (Physapoda of
Packard) we have no comprehensive definition of the group. Excluding
these, we may say the Afemiplerx include those insects provided
with a rostrum or beak formed from the labium and enclosing four ex-
tensile setae which form a sucking tube, along with wings usually four in
number which are either all membranous, or the fore ones partially or
entirely coriaceous. (In Coccr/@ there are two in the males only, and in
some other groups they are absent or rudimentary in one or both sexes.)

This group which we may call Hemiptera genuinz is clearly divided
by the position of the head and the structure of the wings into two sub-
orders, the He/eropiera and Homoptera.

A third sub-order, Purasifa, includes the suctorial lice infesting
mammals, these apparently having about equal affinities for the two other
sub-orders, but combining with neither in being wingless and the beak
not jointed.

The other groups are at present most conveniently grouped here,
and may be ranked also as sub-orders though structurally there can be
little question that they must bear a more distinct relation to the Hemup-
fera proper.

The Zhysanoplera (or Physapoda) are minute insects usually less
than 2 millimeters in length; with four very narrow delicately fringed
wings which lie flat on the back, with free palpigerous mouth parts, and
tarsi without claws; the terminal joint being vesicular.

The MWallophaga are wingless parasitic insects living on birds or
mammals, with free biting mouth parts, antennze of three to five joints
and presenting some resemblance to the wingless Psocidz, and by
some authors grouped with the Pseudo-Neuroptera,

It is intended to include in these synopses only the North American
genera, and the tables must not be considered as applicable in a larger
range. ‘The characters also, here mentioned are those of most import-
ance as related to the groups to be here included.

Perhaps in no other order of insects is there such diversity of madi-
fication in the several structural elements, and this diversity is accom-
panied with extreme lack of constancy, so that the clear definition of
groups is rendered difficult.

—23—

The Jody varies in form from the most elongated and thread like to
short or circular, from the thickest to forms so flattened that they may
live in the narrowest crevices They are convex above and below, or
flattened or concave above and convex below.

The head serves by its position to separate the two leading sub-
orders but aside from this it is subject to most extreme modification, It
is cylindrical, often elongate in Reduoiide and Nadie, decidedly flatten-
ed in Coreide and allied families. In the Homoptera the front is very
often produced, the most extreme modification of this part occuring in
the Pulgoride.

The eyes are usually prominent organs, standing out at the sides of
the head; they serve rather as land marks—by which to locate the other
organs of the head—than as distinctive in themselves.

The oce//i are commonly present and by their absence or by their
relation to the eyes serve to define some minor groups.

The antenne are never particularly elongated, usually composed of
few joints and asa rule but slightly modified. They run from filiform in
the lower Homoptera to setiform in Creda and allies: and are mostly
filiform, with the terminal joints either slender or else slightly enlarged
in the Aetvroptera. Ina few cases the joint next the last is much flatten-
ed and broadened or otherwise modified. They are truly capitate only
in the Lzothende.

The /abrum is usually very small, but occasionally with the clypeus
furnishes good characters for separation of genera and species. The sete
of the mouth vary greatly in length, but are of little value in determin-
ing the relation of groups.

The Zaéium is an important structura] element. It forms the sheath
for the sete, and is termed the beak or rostrum. It consists of three or
four joints except in the Pedicu/idae where it is apparently devoid of arti-
culation. By its origin at the front of the head indicating the horizontal
position, or at the sternal border of the head indicating the vertical posi-
tion, it serves to distinguish the Heferoplera and Homoptera and by its
separation from or apparent union with the sternum it serves to divide
the Homopfera into two minor groups. Furthermore the form of the
basal joint and the comparative length of the joints are points of great
value in determining relationships.

The ¢horax in its modifications corresponds in general with the
habits of the groups, whether aquatic, terrestrial or aerial.

The prothorax is often minute and weak, again enormously deve-

loped and overshadowing all other parts as in Aembracidae. It is trans-
versely sutured in Reduviidae.

—24— °

The mesothorax contains in the higher Homof/era and in nearly all
Heteroptera, a we\l developed scutellum, situated between the bases of
the fore wings - Its form and size assist in distinguishing some import-
ant groups. The metathorax is often reduced in size, forming a thin
plate between mesothorox and abdomen. The /egs vary in size and
length and in the structure of the tarsi. A part or all of them are ciliated
in most aquatic species: they are strong and spiny in most of the raptoria]
groups: pulvilli are in some groups present between the claws of the
tarsi. The zwemgs are quite characteristic. In Homoptera they are gener-
ally membranous and veined, or the fore ones as in Cercopide and allies
uniformly coriaceous. In the latter case they do not overlap at the tips
but unite on the median line as the elytra of Coleoptera. In Heferoplera
the fore wings are divisible into three parts: a basal thick portion, the
corium; a transparent apical portion, the membrane, which is veined;
and a portion bordering the scutellum, the clavus. In some groups,
notably the PA) Zoconzdae there is a triangular part between the corium
and membrane, the cuneus, They usually lie flat on the back, the
membranous portions overlapping each other. ‘The hind wings present
less differences in structure, in both groups; but their venation is often
important in distinguishing minor groups.

The Parasita and Mallophaga as well as one sex in many of the
other groups, and occasionally both sexes are wingless or have these or-
gans represented by mere rudiments, In Zhysanoptera they are very deli-
cate with a very broad and delicate fringe.

The aédomen presents many modifications of form, some of which
are quite constant. It is quite commonly concave above for the recept-
ion of the wings, but seldom so concave as not to be filled by the flatly
folding wings. The spiracles are, except in Parasi/a, situated below the
margin. ‘The margin is quite generally sharp and either horizontal or
slightly elevated. ‘The genital organs are in some groups external and
furnish valuable characters for separating groups, but more commonly
they are hidden in both sexes so as to furnish little aid without dissect-
_ion and frequently the distinction of the sexes is impossible by external
characters. In the higher Homopf/era and ina few groups of the Heferop-
tera the ovipositor of the female is received into a slit on the underside
of the abdomen and serves to readily distinguish the sexes and affords
useful characters in systematic arrangement.

The following analytical tables will assist in placing the various sub-
groups, and also show the arrangement which seems to me at present
most satisfactory.

In the synopses of families many groups are given that rank for

convenience, which by good authorities, and very properly I think, are
given the rank of super-families. These groups will be discussed more
particularly along with the characters of sub family and generic import-
ance in the synoptical tables of genera, which it is intended shall follow
this paper.

SYNOPSIS OF SUB-ORDERS.

A.—Labium forming a beak and enclosing setze.
B.--Labium jointed, spiracles inferior, wings usually present.
(.—Head horizontal, beak arising anteriorly, fore wings, coriaceous at base

Heteroptera.

CC. —Head vertical, beak arising postero-inferiorly. Wings uniformly membran-

OMS OWICOKACeOUS) eres. | » SMe std hava ter aber aeseaieeoe Homoptera.

BB.—Labium not jointed, spiracles superior. Wings always absent. .... Parasita.
AA.—Labium not forming a beak, mouth parts free.

B.—Wings present, narrow, delicately fringed; tarsi vesicular (frequenting

PlGSSOmIs) este ey patna ceo oi /o.- > ose Relocates Thysanoptera.

BB.—Wings never present; tarsi with claws. (Parasites on birds and mammals)...

Mallophaga.

SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES,

HETEROPTERA.
* ANTENNAE ALWAYS PROMINENT.
+ Legs ordinary, adapted to terrestrial life. Never inhabiting water or wet places.
A.—Head usually flattened or triangular, closely joined to body, often immersed to

the eyes, basal joint of the rostrum straight.
B.— Bodies usually rather thick and flattened or convex above, convex below.

O.—Ocelli usually conspicuous.
D.—Scutellum very large.
E.—Scutellum quite convex, covering nearly the whole abdomen......
Scutelleridae.
EE, —Scutellum nearly flat, attenuated posteriorly.... .... Penlatomidae.

DD.—Scutellum ordinary.
F.— Antennz inserted above a line drawn from eyes to base of beak....

Coreidae.
FF. —Antenne inserted on or below lateral margin of head and on a line
drawn from eyes to base of beak..........+0- seen ees Lygaeidae.
OC,—Ocelli absent or inconspicuous. Bodies rather soft.
G.-—Terminal joint of antennze not slender......... .Pyrrhocoridae.
GG,.— 5 Pee ‘«« Jong and slender... ... Phytocoridae.
BB.—Bodies decidedly flattened or else decidedly concave above, beak 3-jointed.
H,—Antenne tapering. Body very flat.............. Cimicidae.
HH.—Antenne enlarging at tip or clubbed.
I.—Wings more than covering abdomen, gauze like ....... :

Tingitidae.

San 6

IT.-—-Wings not covering the abdomen.
J.—Margins of thorax and abdomen elevated, angular, head not

fattened...) /epeerever-yS ctae.- tte ne fees ane ete ee Phymatidae.
JJ.—Thorax and abdomen exceedingly depressed, (live under
bale), 2° ¢. ..: ae st cara lerate reve tore ~ eal. > feos APadidae,

AA.—Head cylindrical, distinctly separate from body, base of rostrum curved. An-
tenn usually tapering, prothorax with transverse suture.

ke Rostrummonuessslendete 41a.) cen ener Nabidae.

KCRG = OSELUMUISH OME RSUOUG. eee uate) series Reduviidae.

*F ANTENNAE (EXCEPT IN GALGULIDAE) PROMINENT.

tt Leys usually very long and slender, the tarsi variously modified for locomotion on
surface of water or life in marshy places.

A,—Antennie very conspicuous.

Be—Antennzeslender. Bodies lineats cece ccciecs ss secs es Hydrometridae.
BB.—Antenne short and thick or with basal joint stout and outer joints slender.....
Velliidae.

BBB.—Antenne long, conspicuous.
C.-—Ocelli and scutellum apparently absent.................. Hydrobatidae.
GG-— Ocellispresent size small... Nerpats sere y= cyte oteleletieue) tetera Meer Saldidae.
AA, —Antennz inconspicuous, ocelli present,.............. Seana Galgulidae.

HAE ANTENNAE ALWAYS CONCEALED IN CAVITIES OF THE HEAD,
ttt Legs often ciliated. (Aquatic forms.)

A,.—Head inserted in prothorax, fore tarsi normal.
B.—Boudies flat oval or ovate.

Ge Withouticaudal setae: .'..... cartetorheterelseruey ster tani ele NAUCOMdaes
O¢G.—With strap-like caudal appendage... 22.0... ..- 2.00. /e5 ‘elestomicee!
BB.—Bodies flat, oval, ovate or elongated, with tone respiratory caudal sete......
Nepidae.

BBB. —Bodies thick, usually soft, convex above.................... Notonectidae.
AA,—Head overlapping the prothoiax, fore tarsi flattened and ciliated. ...Corisidae.

HOMOPTERA.
* BEAK DISTINCTLY SEPARATE FROM STERNUM.
Tarsi three-jointed. Antennae minute, setiform.

A.—Wings more or less opaque, usually narrow, sometimes very broad.
B.—Prothorax well developed. Antennze placed between the eyes. Scutellum
triangular,
C.-—Bodies usually rather slender, front little, if any, produced or carinated.
DOC ON VETCEX:.\.1. |< » s:cRReeIeseom oe cltialo eyeemene eeE Tettigonidae.
WD E—-Ocelliondront.’).)./.|5 .\. «Meee rerio: zt epee eee Jassidae.
CC.—Bodies usually stout, ocelli on vertex, front ecilinee carinate.... Cercopidae.
BB.—Prothorax weak, often but slightly developed, antennz ne ocelli placed
beneath the eyes, front often produced, scutellum inconspicuous.. Fulgoridae.
AA.— Wings entirely membranous, strongly veined.
D.-—Prothorax normal, not covering wings. Wings broad, size large, males
TASCA Sk elena oe «+o RRRRRREER Bah eRe cated toe ance ery Cicadidae.
DD,—Prothorax greatly enlarged, covering the wings and often the entire body
Sears etnaal sei < ret: « ': Seva RaENRIE Me ere ele eta retneret ees Membracidae.

** BEAK APPARENTLY ARISING FROM STERNUM.
Tarsi one- or two-jointed. All of small size. Antennee prominent, usually filiform.

A,—Tarsi usually 2-jointed, wings, when present, four.
B.—Beak 3 or 4-jointed,

Gea AMEN Tee eLOs|OLMtC Mie tfers Gree; <1s:<)» 2 aM alley eraieltor ste erererorst skeits Psyllidae.
GG —=Anienneers tovyejomledt.y: ftw.) . aeeeees = aes cee ies eosin Aphididae.
Rae Re Ale a] OUILE Cam ste ep -be ayers, /syeies es, os! -/ MEA we Hoe scien Dy rodidaes

AA. —Tarsi one-jointed. Males with two wings, females never winged. Enclosed
in waxy scales closely adherent to bark or leaves, or clothed with cottony down.

PL Ne pce ety ete SENS n/o Al ups ele +s CERT a se tana oelecantes Coccidae.
PARASITA.
The American species are contained in one family............. 0.58 Pediculidae.
MALLOPHAGA.

A.—Antenne filiform. Maxillary palpi absent, tarsi short........ Philopteridae.
AA.-~—Antenne capitate. Maxillary palpi conspicuous, tarsi long....... Liotheidae.
THYSANOPTERA.

These are conveniently grouped in one family........-..... .......-.. Thripidae.

“<a> + ae —__—_—

An abnormal Lucanus cervus *

At the January meeting of the Society Mr. L. C. Schenk exhibited
a of specimen of Lucanus cervus with apparently somewhat aborted man-
dibles. It seemed at first as if here was only a case of accidental injury
in an early stage; but more careful study has developed a very interesting
malformation, In size the specimen ratner exceeds the average (¥\ of
cervus, and up to the head, is normal. The right side of the head to the
mandible, is normal, the antenna complete. The mandible is distorted,
lacking the teeth, and the point bent inwardly and joining the front under
the labrum. It is perfectly immobile, and forms an irregular loop.
' The left side of the head is shorter than the right; but retains the
normal sculpture to the front. The antenna is aborted, the basal joint
much shorter than that of the opposite side, the remaining joints irregu-
lar, the club wanting. The eye is irregular in shape, and somewhat
flattened. ‘The front is oblique, the clypeus twisted sideways by the
right mandible. ‘The left mandible is wanting, its place occupied by an
imperfect female head, with two perfect though immobile mandibles. The
palpi and labrum are aborted and form a queer intergrade between (j\
and © and appear partly to belong to the Qj and partly to the Q head.
The palpi are hardly half the length of those of a normal \._ Altogether
this is the most remarkable abnormity it has been my fortune to see. J.B.S.

* Read before the Brookl. Ent. Soc. March 1885.

een

Synopses of Cerambycidae.*
By Cuarces W. Lene, B. S.
GNAPHALODES, Thos.

A species belonging to this genus has occured in Texas, It should
be placed before Chzon with the following definition:

Prothorax with lateral spine behind the middle; antenne densely fring-
ed beneath, inner angle of joints 4-7 spinose; elytra bispinose at tip, episterna
of metathorax wide, scent pores distinel.

The scutellum is triangular, larger than in Chon, and the eyes are
less coarsely granulated; the prosternum is perpendicular behind, and the
mesosternum convex, ‘The body is brown, uniformly clothed with gray
brown pubescence, paler and more dense on the scutellum. The species
may be considered an occasional visitor rather than a permanent addi-
tion to our fauna,

G. trachyderoides Thoms. Class. Long. p. 236; acuticornis Chev. Dej. Cat.
page 152.
CHION, Newm.

Contains one species, a large grayish brown insect with rounded
prothorax, spined at sides and bispinose elytra. It varies greatly in color
and may or may not bear a yeliowish arcuate blotch on each elytron be-
fore the middle. Length 25—37 mm. = 1—1.5 inches. Hab. America
borealis.

Crcmectus, Drury, lll., 2, 1779eemlndsep.o5eetis7. tvOnmklanis amin) seliiss
81; ruricola Gmel. ed Linn, I, 4, p. 1860; rusticus Fab. Sp. Ins. I, 228; balteatus
Deg. Mem. V, 111, t. 14, f. 3; garganicus Fab. Syst. Ent. 178; 4 spinosus Hald.
air Awm: Phil. Soc. X,, 32.
EBURIA, Serv.

Contains several species of moderate size readily distinguished by
the two pairs of ivory spots on the elytra. We reproduce the Synopsis
offered by Dr. Leconte in 1873, and published in S.M.C., No. 264.

A.—Middle and hind femora produced at tip into two acute spines; elytra bispinose
at tip;

a.— Front coxe not angulated. fissure completely closed; prothorax abruptly con-
stricted before and behind, tuberculate and strongly armed on the sides; color
piceous;

Body glabrous above, slightly pubescent beneath, prothorax feebly grossly
punctured, elytra with very small ivory spots of which the medial pair and
the outer basal one are frequently wanting.................0.00: Ulkei.

Body densely and finely pubescent, prothorax with a few very large punct-
ures; elytral spots small, distant, outer basal one sometimes wanting, ely-
tralispinesismall:. ic). ... . Seem pbeceeetele icicle tic einer eter stigmatica.

* Synopses of the preceding genera will be found in the Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc.
Vole vl.

—29—

b.—Front cox angulated; prothorax densely and coarsely punctured, sides sub-

tuberculate in front, lateral spine small, acute, dorsal callosities denuded,
color testaceous;

Lateral tubercle of prothorax very distinct; elytra with outer spine shorter,

AUGUVOKYs Spots SMaALEGA. Jette. ss « « eeMR ei ein ihe atelier Haldemani.
Lateral tubercle of prothorax feeble, elytra with outer spine longer, and ivory
SWIOLSILAL CII ie ana ssa ale (eqsie cs, < +0 MeMmeamee tale fevares te, a ecetaee 4-geminata.

c.—Front coxee angulated; prothorax densely and finely punctured, transversely
impressed before and behind the middle, lateral spine acute, color testaceous;

Ivory spots very unequal, thoracic spine strong............ a stigma.

Ivory spots equal, large; thoracic spine very small, femoral spines very long.

Le rehs eg Reece GINS. A aosis "ss «aes Regs = eee = eT i distincta.

B.—Femora with short apical spines; elytra obliquely truncate inwards at tip, pro-

thorax coarsely and densely punctured, rounded on the sides, with two denuded
dorsal callosities; color testaceous; front coxee distinctly angulated.

imonvespors ot elytrasumequallac <<) tc sc «+ + Vie gels fo octane ovicollis.

©.—Femora without spines, apical angles obtuse; elytra transversely subtruncate; pro-

thorax with four dorsal callosities before the middle, lateral spine very small; front

coxe not angulated;
Abdomen densely, but equally and less finely punctured; sides of prothorax much

rounded in front of the spine, ivory spots small..................-.. tumida.
Abdomen unequally punctured, sides of prothorax very feebly rounded in front;
ivany spots seminate, apex ofelytra truncatemesdean-.s.*«. ce) Se see mutica.
Ivory spots single, apex of elytra nearly rounded, with a small sutural spine...
ret rela stetel evans are) Sie fst el skegs nels So's oie sae A A afin! ote ajeihate hatch steee manca

E. Ulkei Bland, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I, 270.
Length 27 mm. = 1.08 inch. Hab. Lower Cal.

E. stigmatica Chevr. Col. Mex. fasc. 3, 1834, No. 60; perforata Lec. S.M.C.
No. 264, p. 180.

Length 23—30 mm. = .g2—-1.20 inch. Hab. Tex.

E. Haldemani Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 102.

Length 19—30 mm. =.75 to1.201nch. Hab. Texas, Florida.

E. 4-geminata Say, J.A.P., V, 2, 1827, p. 275. Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 11:
Chev, Ann. Fr, 1862, p. 265.

Length 23—30 mm. = .go—1.20 inch. Hab. Atlantic States.
E. stigma Oliv. Ent. IV, 67, p. 126, t. 23, f. 180.
Length 18.5 mm. = .7o inch. Hab. Cuba, Florida.
E. distincta Hald. Proc. A. P. III, 1845, p. 150; Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 351.
Length 22—25 mm. =.90—1.00 inch. Hab. Ga. and Miss.
E. ovicollis Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264, p. 180,
Length 18—23 mm. = .72-—.92 inch, Hab, Texas.
E. mutica Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, 1853, p. 233.
Length 17—21 mm. = .60—.80 inch. Hab. Texas.
E. manca Lec. §.M.C. No. 264, p. 181.
Length 15—20 mm. = .60—.80 inch. Hab. Texas.
ROMALEUM, White.
The species of this genus differ from Elaphidion, with which they
have been united, by the more robust form and by the episterna of the
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 5

metathorax being distinctly though slightly wider in front, and gradually
narrowed behind, ‘The femora are not spinose and the spines of the an-
tenn are never long. The antennae are longer than the body in ©,
the prothorax is very densely punctured with a pusterior medial channel
and dorsal cicatrices. In Q the antenne are shorter and the prothorax
coarsely punctured with a medial and two dorsal callosities. ‘The species
are separated as follows:

body uniformly finely pubescent;

Both angles of 3d and 4th joint of antennze spinose sw... ss wee procerum.
hareran oles OnLy SpiNOSe:. eno. -\.Weewee hI nseie te mime ontoese e eoe simplicicolle.
Body irregularly pubescent, with spots of coarser and denser hair;
EMDESCENGeMOLedinre OU lar. .:!. cee RUeEt three cniicnie sian Sana atomarium.
BubecCence WnitOnMa iukvOus,.,.:.. . seeaetecutn ieee eee cerenie eee . rufulum.

»parsely pubescent, elytra very coarsely punctured before the middle, with an irre-
gular transverse patch of white pubescence at the middle,........... taeniatum.
R. procerum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1859, p. 88.
Length 37.5 mm. = 1.5 inch. Hab. New Mexico, Cal.
R. simplicicolle Hald. Proc. Ac. Phil. Il, p. 151; Lec. Journ. Acad, Nat.
Sci. Phil. ser, 2, 11, p. 12; pulverulentus Hald. ‘Vrans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 32; Lecontei
De}. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352; Chev. Journ. of Ent. I, p. 243.

Length 44 mm, = 1.75 inch. Hab. United States.

The two species above mentioned are very close, and separable only
by characters given in the table. ‘The species of this and the succeeding
genus are founded on structural differences, in which the family Ceram-
bycidze is so rich. In the present and in other instances these differences
are so slight as to indicate that the species are either of very recent ori-
gin or are now tending to coalesce. We fail however to find intergrades
which would justify us in uniting the species and merely caution the
student that the table must be followed very literally to correctly identify
specimens. &. aperarium, White, = one of the above species.

Since the above was in type, Dr. Horn writes as follows: ‘‘After
examining my series, I can mo/ separate procerum and simplictvolle, and
would advise their union under the former name. The arrangement of
the antennal spines is an illusory and evanescent character.”

R. atomarium Drury, Ul. II, 1773, Ind. I, p. 93, t. 41, f. 6; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2,

Il, p. 177; marylandicus Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 179; Oliv. Ent. IV, 70, p. 6, t. 1, f. 5;
multicolor L. ed. Gmel. I, 4, p. 1857; pulverulentus De G. Ins. V, p. 118, t. 14, f. 12.

Length 22--31 mm. = .88—1.22 inch. Hab. Middle and Southern States.
R, rufulum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 32.
Length 22—28 mm. = .88—1.15 inch. Hab. Middle States.

These are again closely related. The fulvous color will distinguish
rufulum as well as the uniform pubescence: a/omarium being darker in
every specimen we have seen,

R. taeniatum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VII, 1851, p. 81.
Length 20—25 mm. = .80—1.00 inch. Hab. Texas.

A very distinct species, intermediating somewhat in appearance be-
tween this and the following genus.

ELAPHIDION, Serv.

In this genus the metathoracic episterna are scarcely wider in front
than behind. The prothorax in sculpture and form and the spines of
thighs, elytra and antennz vary in every conceivable degree and are the
basis upon which most of the numerous species have been erected. In
general the species of Z2Z7phidion are more slender and smaller than those
of Romaleum. The species require renewed and careful study, which
can only be made however, with Dr. Leconte’s types at hand for com—
parison.

SYNOPSIS OF ELAPHIDION.

A.—Antennz and elytra with very Jong spines; thighs spinose at tip; prothorax per-
pendicular behind, mesosternum gibbous; prothorax ,j' Q similar with several

callosities;
Antenne (¥ longer than the body;
Above glabrous, with patches of white hair........................ irroratum.
Above clothed irregularly with gray pubescence................ mucronatum.
Antenne {' not longer than the body;
Uniformly pubescent, scarcely mottled on the elytra.................. tectum.

B.—Antennal spines small; elytra rounded at tip, sutural spine distinct; prothorax
broadly rounded at sides, coarsely and deeply punctured with three narrow
smooth spaces;

Rather slender, piceous, thinly clothed with long flying hairs............ alienum.
©.—Antennal spines small; prosternum rounded behind, mesosternum obliquely decli-
vous; thighs not spinose at tip; prothorax {' finely, Q more coarsely punctured;
(scent pores indistinct in a, b, or very obvious ¢, or wanting d);
«.—Prothorax rounded on the sides with several dorsal callosities, elytra truncate
and strongly bispinose at tip;
ENpeScencesorayish) PLOW smMOLtled...... ., . .:., uanaerstorstets/ ae ictetey stot retoeene incertum.
b.—Prothorax feebly rounded on the sides, elytra uni- or not spinose at tip, pubes-
cence grayish brown, mottled;
Thorax with a medial smooth space, and no dorsal callosities; tip of elytra trunc-
ACHIW ALAS eMLOtSPINOSE: steys\s.c(s.« < ui< ceoMUMEMte feist et stevehclonel cl « o\Speenere inerme.
Thorax with a medial smooth space and two small discoidal callosities; tip of
elytra subtruncate, sutural spine distinct.............+........ truncatum.
Thorax more rounded on the sides, dorsal space coarsely punctured; tip of elytra
POUNCE SIL reMOtSPINOSE -<\oy.\+. =) +a) staan etait ele l alc o/-yteraeteede spurcum.
c.—Prothorax scarcely rounded on the sides, ‘cea cylindrical (except in pumilum);
elytra bispinose;
Pubescence mottled, flying hairs not very obvious; elytral spines long; legs den-
sely punctured and pubescent;

—32—

Prothorax scarcely longer than wide............. see eee villosum.
Protherax: distinetly longer than wade... ce. -.ss25- sepeeeeees parallelum.
Pubescence mottled, flying hairs very long and numerous on legs and antennz:
legs very sparsely punctured;
Pvitral’spinesuvery, SOL. .:. .\.. aeyeeentcrers ele cee tele cee Sere ae pumilum.
Pubescence sparse, coarse, uniform; body very long and slender, coarsely punct-
ured; legs coarsely punctured;
Flying hairs sparse; antennal and elytral spines moderately long........

subpubescens,.

Biving hairsplong<’Spines lon g saws) sera tele «omen ae eee aculeatum.
Body shining testaceous, sparsely punctured and nearly glabrous;

lyingahatrs!sparse: ely tral! spinesmomea. naa. -lcicre niceties sees unicolor,

d.—Prothorax rounded on the sides, coarsely punctured (<Q) without callosities;
body more robust, uniformly coarsely and sparsely pubescent, elytra rounded

SMUD eps Coarselyaplunctu red aemareetwet rt -Wet sn oi eyes te eee eee moestum.

D,.— Antennal spines completely wanting; thighs not spinose; pubescence uniform,
sparse; form slender, prothorax feebly rounded on the sides;

Pubescence intermixed with long flying hairs; elytra rounded at tip, legs very finely

pubescent, scarcely punctured; metasternum without odoriferous pores......

punctatum.

Thinly clothed with long flying hairs; elytra rounded and slightly truncate at tip;

thighs finely punctulate with sparse setigerous punctures; metasternum with

Gisinchod onerous pores: =... semaine = ale she Re Ree eee ee imbelle
Pubescence without long flying hairs; elytra truncate at tip, legs very coarsely
punctured; punctuation of prothorax <j/'Q dissimilar..... =o -- CInerascens:

E. irroratum Linn. Syst. Nat. ed XII. p. 633; Drury, Ill. I, p. 92, t. 41, f. 3;
Hope, Trans. Zool. Soc. I, p. 107; Jacq. Duy. Hist. Club, 1857, p. 266, t. 10, f. 7.
Length 19 mm. =.75 inch. Hab. Cuba, New York, Ills.

The thighs are distinctly spinose in all that we have, but two speci-
mens from Illinois which are otherwise similiar have the antennal spines
moderate.

E. mucronatum Say, J.A.P. III, 1823, p. 427; Newn. Ent. p. 27; muricatum
Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 33; nebulosum Guer, Ic. regn. anim. 1II, p. 255:
Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352.

Length 15 —19 mm, = .60—.75 inch. Hab. Mass. to Florida and westward to
Missouri.

A common and distinct form.

E. tectum Lec. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XVII, 413.
Length 15.6 mm. =.62 inch. Hab. Florida.

We have not seen this species.

E. alienum Lec. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. V, 173.
Length 14.5 mm. = .58 inch. Hab. Arizona.
Dr. Leconte’s description does not describe the thighs, and having
no specimen before us we are unable to place it in any previous division.
It appears to be a quite distinct form from characters given in table.

E. incertum Newn. Ent. p. 28; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 13; aspersus Hald,
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, 1847, p. 32; vicinwm Hald, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. X, 33;
neglectum Lec. Journ. Ac., N. Sc., Phil. ser. 2, IT, 13.

Length 17.5 mm, =.70inch. Hab, New York,

E. inerme Newn. Ent. p. 29.

Length 12—15 mm. =.5 —.6 inch. Hab, Pennsylvania, Tex.

All the specimens we have answering to the description are from
Texas and are small and slender.

E. truncatum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 33; debile Lec. Proc. Ac. Sc.
Phil. VI, 442.

Length 1419 mm. = .56—.75 inch. Hab. Texas.

Our only specimen is large and robust.
E. spurcum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, p. 422.
Length 14 mm. = .45 inch. Hab. Texas near Mexican boundary.
The pubescence is distinctly mottled.
E. villosum Fab. Ent. Syst. I, 2, p. 302; Newn. Ent. p. 28; putator Peck,
Harris Ins. Mass. p. 81.
Length 18 mm. = .70 inch. Hab. Middle and Southern States.

E. parallelum Newm. Ent. p. 29; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 103; Chev. Ann.
Fr. 1862, p. 262; murinus Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352; pusillus Dej. Cat. l.c.; oblitus
Bem )enel ser..2,) Ul) paw4:\arcius.Newn. Ent..pm2o. lec a) Asb esera 25 Ulap pelos

Length and Habitat same as villosum.

These common species differ markedly in the form of prothorax as
well as in paralledum being usually much more slender. The 5th ventral
segment in of wllosum is rounded at tip, while in q parallelum it is
truncate,

E. pumilum Newn. Fnt. p. 29; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 14.

Length 9 mm. = .36 inch. Hab. Georgia, Tex.

This species is easily identified by synopsis.

E. subpubescens Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. XIV, p. 41.
Length 17.5 mm. = .70 inch. Hab. New Jersey, Tex.
E. aculeatum Lec. §.M.C. No. 264, p. 184.

Length 15 mm. = .60inch. Hab. Texas.

‘These two species are closely allied and distinguished from other
Species by their very slender form.

E. unicolor Rand. Bost. Journ. II, 1838, p. 42.
Length 11 mm. = .45 inch. Hab. Atlantic States.

The slender scarcely pubescent body and elytra distinguish this
species at once.

E. moestum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, p. 442.
Length 13—15 mm. = .50—.60 inch. Hab. Texas.

Resembles spurcum in size and robust form, but differs in elytral
spines and pubescence which is sparse, exposing the dark brown color
of the body and elytra,

a

E. punctatum [ec. S.M.C. No. 264, p. 185.
Length 1o—12 mm, = .40—.48 inch. Hab. Lower Cal.

E. imbelle Lec. Buff. Bull. IV, 27.
Length 17.3 mm. =.70 inch. Hab. California.

E. cinerascens Lec. Journ. Ac. Sc. Phil. ser. 2, II, p. 15.

Length 8.5—12.5 mm. = .35—.50inch. Hab. Pa. Tex.

The three species above named are sufficiently characterised by the
synopsis. £. punctatum we have not seen.

Norr.—lI shall be glad to see any specimens of Evaphidion which do
not fall within the descriptions above given, or which seem to intergrade
between them. Quite large series have served on the whole to confirm
Dr. Leconte’s views on this genus and specimens needing special atten-
tion will be therefore very interesting and meet with prompt recognition
in these columns. Such may be sent to Mr. Chas. W. Leng, P.O. Box
3565, New York.

ANEFLUS, Lee.

This genus is rendered necessary for certain species which complete-
ly resemble the elongate forms of Lv/aphidion (subpubescens etc.) in ap-
pearance, but differ by having the joints of the antennz from the sth
flattened and distinctly carinate along the middle of the flat sides,

SYNOPSIS OF ANEFLUS.

Prothorax distinctly dilated, and feebly angulated on the sides; elytra bispinose at
tip; hind tibize scarcely carinate; palpi unequal, with the last joint dilated, tri-
angular;

Very large, spines of antennz moderately long...........-.........- protensus.

Prothorax cylindrical, sides nearly straight;

Third joint of antennz with a spine a little longer than that of 4th joint; palpi with
last joint not dilated;

Elytra emarginate at tip, slightly bispinose, flying hairs of tibize long, not very
TUDE OWS x petstnicyafolels: sini = « «Repeater ae teint esters) sion isPaiereuch ckavhetporeee eae linearis.

Third joint of antennze with spine much longer;
Elytra emarginate at tip, flying hairs of tibiz not conspicuous, palpi with last
Womb mMotidilated 4,1: .'s <.. seers ielein’= shine ae AS OE tenuis.
Elytra truncate at tip, suture more prominent, flying hairs of tibize long, numer-
ous; palpi very unequal, with last joint triangular, dilated; (antennal cari-

MECTODSOLGLE )Eisave tics cic si « » a AUMRRPETMONSIA + Geo oie clere ee cla ul Meehan volitans.
Antennal joints 3—6 with short spines, distinctly carinate; apex of elytra with two
long spines; last joint of palpi elongate, triangular............... prolixus.

A. protensus Lec. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 82.
Length 30 mm, = 1.22 inch. Hab, Arizona.

A. linearis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1859, p. 80.

Length 10 mm, = .41 inch. Hab, California.

PLATE I.

1885.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, MAY,

a

peed

~~.

)

x

S
*
XS

\

| gee at:

eee Pt

PLATE II.

MAY, 1885.

>

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA

x (=

Ble are ee

i nn

1 Im al pteyimel deeidinaind p actiainenyiie ap Chet tees ee

A. tenuis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VII, p. 81.
Length 1.25 mm. =.50 inch. Hab. Pexas and Arizona.

In this species, as in the preceding, the palpi are not dilated and
are not very unequal; the hind tibiae are however much more distinctly
carinated, the spine of the 3d antennal joint is two-thirds as long as the
4th joint and the spine of the latter is quite small.

A. volitans Lec. S.M.C. No. 264. 1873, p. 186.

Length 10 mm. = .40 inch, Hab. Lower Cal.

In this species as in profnsus the first joint of the antenne is longer
and less thickened than in “ears and slightly curved, the outer joints
are scarcely carinate, the spine of the 3d joint is two-thirds as long as the
4th joint and the spine of tne latter is also long, being fully one third as
long as 5th joint. The hind tibia are only feebly carinate.

A. prolixus Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264, 1873, p. 203.

Length 25 mm. = 1 inch. Hab. Lower Cal.

The antennz are very distinctly carinate, of ¢\ nearly as long as body,
© scarcely two-thirds as long. ‘lhe appearance of a transverse line on
the disk of prothorax is the result of the arrangement of the pubescence
rather than a positive elevation.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES I & Il.

1 Tetropium cinnamopterum, 18 Xylocrius cribratus,

2 Upsimus 4-lineatus, 1g Malacopterus vittatus,

3 Smodicum cucujiforme, 20 Ueme rigida,

4 Gonocallus collaris, 21 ‘** strangulata,

5 Physocnemum brevilineus, 22 Eucrossus vilicornis,

6 oe Andreze (Elytra), 23 Dryobius 6-fasciatus,

7 Khopalopus sanguinicollis, 24 Haplidus testaceus,

8 Hylotrupes bajulus, 25 Achryson surinamense,

9 es ligneus, 26 Gracilia minuta, ©
10 Phymatodes variabilis, 27 Axestinus obscurus,

II ee dimidiatus, 27a ce es antenna,
12 es vulneratus, 28 Brothylus conspersus,

13 es varius, 29 Osmidus guttatus,
14 os decussatus and nitidus, 30 Stromatium pubescens,
15 Merium proteus, 31 Antenna of Aneflus,

16 Callidium antennatum, 32 Gnaphalodes trachyderoides.
17 as hirtellum,

[ By the error of the Photo Engraving Co., the plates were made
rather smaller than ordered. The actual size ofinsects figured is therefore
somewhat greater than indicated. Most of the species here figured were
described in Bulletin, Vol. VII. }

oe

Synopses of Butterflies. *
By Rev. Gro. D. Hutst.

EREBIA, Dalm.

1. Tyndarus Esp. Schm. I, 2, p. 97, pl. 67. Callias W. H. Edw. Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc. 3, 274.

Above brown; on disk of primaries covering the discoidal and
upper median interspaces a triangular castaneous patch enclosing a black
duplex spot, both parts ocellated. Secondaries with three black spots
each in a pale castaneous ring. Underside of primaries castaneous ex-
cept the costal edge and apex which are gray; same markings as above.
Secondaries gray with a brown tint; the disk crossed with a deeply cre-
nated line, anterior to which near base is another similar line nearly ob-
solete: spots as above.

Expands 1.5 inches. Colorado.

2. Haydenii W. H. Edw. Rep. Hayden Exp. Montana, 1872, 467. Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc. 5, 19.

Upper side fuscous, immaculate. Underside a shade paler, much
marbled with gray scales; primaries immaculate; secondaries with a com-
plete series of black ocelli along the edge of outer margin, one in each
interspace, cach ocellus narrowly ringed with ochraceous and having a
minute white pupil.

Expands 1.6 inches. ‘Taken at Yellowstone Lake.

3. Epipsodea butl. Cat. Sat. B.M., p. 80, pl. 2, £9, Rhodia W. H. Edw.
Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 3, 273.

Body black, Wings above, uniform dark brown; the primaries
generally have 3 ocellated submarginal spots, 2 towards the apex, the
third post median; all are surrounded with bright reddish brown. There
is a row of corresponding ocellated spots on secondaries, varying in
number. Beneath primaries somewhat paler with spots repeated; secon-
daries paler on outer third, the ocellated spots not edged with reddish
brown,

Expands 1.5 inches. Colorado, Montana.

4. Magdalena Streck. Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 3, 35.

Upper surface of wings entirely and uniformly dark blackish brown.
Beneath as above with the outer third a shade lighter.

Expands 2 inches. Colorado.

5. Disa Var. Mancinus Doub. Hew. Gen. Diur. Lep. II, p. 380, pl. 54.

Upper side deep sooty black; primaries slightly reddish towards

* These Synopses are continued from the ‘‘Bulletin’’. Descriptions of the spe-
cies of the preceding genera will be found in Vol. I to Vol. VII of that publication.

outer margin; a submarginal row of reddish spots the two nearest the
apex more distinctly pupilled. Beneath primaries as above: secondaries
brown densely powdered with silvery white scales giving a grayish cast:
there is a broad median band of sooty black, deeply indented towards
base, regularly sinuate outwardly; at the costal margin and on the outer
edge of this band is a triangular patch of white; also a white spot on
second submedian nervule; a submarginal row of faint blackish lunules
is also present.

Rocky Mts., Alaska.

6. Rossii Curt. App. Ross’ 2d Voyage, p. 67, pl. A, f. 7.

Wings uniform dark reddish brown above and below, somewhat
paler below. On the primaries towards apex are two ocellated spots close
together which are repeated below.

Expands 2 inches. Arctic Am.

7. Discoidalis Kirb. Fauna Bor. Am. IV, p. 208, pl. 3, f. 2, 3.

Body brown. Wings brown: costa spotted with gray; a triangular
obscure tawny reddish discoidal stripe from base to posterior margin on
primaries. This spot is also on the underside of the primaries, and the
wing is tipped with gray. Secondaries beneath distinctly marbled and
clouded with gray and whitish.

Expands 1.5 inches. Arctic Am.

8. Fasciata Butl. Cat. $.B.M., p. 92, pl. 2, f. 8.

Wings above much as in @scoida/is. Below the primaries are paler
with three darker fascize: one basal indistinct; the second broadly median,
broadest at costa: the third marginal]. Secondaries beneath whitish cin-
ereous with three darker fascize: the first basal, confused; the second
median, undulating; the third marginal.

Expands 2—2.5 inches. Arctic Am.

g. Sofia Streck. Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 3, 35.

Upper surface dark brown. Primaries crossed with a submarginal
rusty yellow band, the same color evident in the discoidal cell. Second-
aries with a submarginal row of four rust colored spots. Beneath prim-
aries with band repeated but paler. Secondaries also lighter, the spots
white.

Expands 1.5 inches. Ft. Churchill, Brit. Am.

VESAGUS Doub. Hew. Gen. Diur, Lep. 380; pl. 64, £3;
has been catalogued as a N.A. species of Zredia and thus stands in Mr,
W. H. Edwards’ latest catalogue. 1885. But it undoubtedly does not
belong to our fauna. In Doub. Hew,, where it is figured and named
without description, to the name is added, “Rocky Mountains”, with an
interrogation mark; showing thé locality was uncertain, Kirby catalogues
it p. 64, 1. 36 with the ?. Dr. Morris in his catalogue, p. 10. leaves

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 6

eet OS

the ? out, as does Weidemeyer p. 27, who gives it the locality ““U. S.”.
W. H. Edw. in all his catalogues leaves out the ?, and in the one of
1877 adds to locality (Prob. Brit. Am.)”. All these were made without
a personal knowledge of the insect. Strecker in his catalogue, 1878, p.
151, (probably under the suggestion of Hewitson), expresses his convict-
ion that the species is not North American but Souta American. Kirby,
Cat. ofthe Diur. Lep. in Coll. "W.-C. Hewitson 1879, p.. 130) gives
without any expression of doubt, locality ‘South America’, Wether this
is based on the previous knowledge of Mr. Hewitson, or on evidence
gained by Mr. Butler by new material I do not know; but in view of it,
the locality originally surmised must have been an error, and in the
present state of the case, the species must be dropped from our lists.
No authenticated specimen has ever been taken in North America so far
as I can learn.

The most of our species of Erebia have been named on very limited
material, not always in the best condition. It is probable a large gather-
ing of material will very greatly modify our present list.

My thanks are given to Dr. H. A. Hagen of Cambridge, and Rev.
W. J. Holland of Pittsburgh for very valuable assistance in the above
Synopsis.

a 9 At

Notes and News.
STYLOPID.

The species of this family are very rare indeed in American collect-
ions, but seem more common in Europe. In an old number of the
“Journal of Microscopy and Natural Science” is an article on the subject
from which I quote: “On another occasion saw about 20 flying, but they
were so high from the ground he could only capture halfa dozen. The
little animals are exceedingly graceful in their flight, taking long sweeps
as if carried along by a gentle breeze, and occasionall yhovering at a few
inches from the ground”, ‘They are in Europe parasitic on Andrena,
which is a very early species, flying in April. ‘The GQ‘ are said to em-
erge from the pupz early in the morning—g to 11 A.M,

Our species, Xenos Peckit is parasitic on Polistes and I have very
often seen the head of the pupa projecting between the segments of the
abdomen of our common species. In the ‘‘classification” it is stated that
the head of the pupa case of the (J! is convex; that of of the Q flat. Spe-
cimens of Po/is/es found with a \ pupa might be confined with proper
food until the parasite emerges. Suppose some of our Collectors turn
their attention to S/ops this spring! jicBers.

* *
*

Looking over the new edition of the ‘‘International Scientist's Di-
rectory’ we find that out of 4521 names of Scientists from the U. S. and
Can, 620 have Entomology specified as one of their studies. Of these,
229 have Ln/. added as one of several branches in which they are inter-
ested. Among these there are a few well known Entomologists, but a
large proportion consists of those omnivorous individuals for whom the
circle of Sciences seems too small, and who have tacked on all the ologies
besides numerous other things not ending in ology. 47 are Entomolo-
gists pure and unadulterated, apparently without specialty. The remain-
der express a preference for one or the other of the orders; and the Lepi-
dopterists head the list with 129 devotees—some of them have Zefid. only
as one of several other pursuits, but have no other specialty in Entomo-
logy. ‘The Coéeopiera follow with a company of 93—while the two orders;
Col. et Lep, are combined by 73 individuals. A weakness for Hymenop-
dera is confessed by 10; for Diplera by 6; for Hemiptera by 5; for Neurop-
tera by 4, while Mr. Bruner as sole representative of the Orthopiera brings
up the rear, 14 are interested in several orders. The Leprdopira are
combined with the Dpéera three times; with the Neuropfera twice;
with the Orthopiera once. ‘The Coleoptera are combined with the Hymen-
opiera three times; once each with Hemiptera, Orthopiera and Diptera;
while one ambitious individual collects; Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Gen-
eral Curiosities. ‘These figures are suggestive, and should induce young
students to take up some of the neglected orders: there is an immense
field for work in them, and ‘‘Entomologica” will’ do all it can to ease
the work by presenting introductory synopses of families in all orders.
Mr. Bruner, the single Or¢hopéerist feels solitary, and to induce others to
join him will prepare an outline synopsis of that order for an early No. of
this Journal.

* *
*

We hear that Dr. Horn has been elected on honorary member of
the Entomological Society of France. They have but six honorary
members outside of France, and to be ranked as one of them is of itself
sufficient testimony of the high standing Dr. Horn has made for himself
in the Entomological world, We know of none better deserving such a
distinction. j

*
*

Apropos of your notice on Water Beetles, I recollect being very
much surprised not long since to notice some species, bobbing their
heads against the ice (from below be it understood). I could hardly be-
lieve my eyes at first, but wherever I founda bit of transparent ice, I
could with a little patience notice the insects swimming round below.

= xe * C. W. Lene.

?

—40—

This is a good place to call the attention of readers to the fact that
No. 3 of this Journal will be sent only to those who have sent in their
subscription before that number is issued. We are sorry to make such
a provision, but we have not yet been able to find a printer sufficiently
interested in the advancement of Entomology to print our paper for less
than regular price in ‘Hard Cash”.

rt 0
Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society, April 7th.—Twenty-one members, and
one visitor present; the Vice-Pres. Mr. F. L. Graf in the chair. Messrs. A. E.
Brunn and W. H. Danby of Brooklyn and Mr. F. M. Aaron of Philadelphia
were elected members of the Society. Prof. F, Fillon of Brooklyn was proposed
for membership by Mr. Cramer.

Letters from Messrs. A. Sallé, Baron C. R. von Osten-Sacken, and Rey.
John G. Morris acknowledging their election as honorary members were read
by the Secretary.

Mr. Smith presented his Report as Editor for Vol. VII of the Bulletin.

IBITHEAGOBUROLMVOL Serr: «ie ree Meet store iste. < lS eee ah sverste eet peeaeses $325 45

Receipts from sale of back Volumes and subscriptions...$157 75

Extra pp. in Nos, 2 & 3, borne by Messrs. Hulst & Smith... 31 00

Wohumes tumnished Membersut trie. w. occ ose coe ose ee 35 00
PERMA OES erste peers se orice! = «ots HMMM Pel Sic o L018) olayerehe tistecel ars 73 00
Weticitn Wald sbyssoclety. . . i Vsti cypleerclelsis «\aicre te oie ator 28 70 $325 45

Mr. Hulst called the attention of the members to a collection of Coenonymphe,
brought by Mr. Geo. Frank. He said that these specimens added considerable
positive knowledge on the subject of the variation of the species. These speci-
mens, undoubtedly (. ochracea Edw., varied in color of the upper surface of the
wings from a dark brown to a very light buff, the males being darker than the
females. There was also a variation in both sexes, some having ocelli, others
wanting them. Beneath, there was just as wide variation in the ground color,
and in the ocelli. The broken white band on the secondaries was about or quite
obsolete in some, in others broad and definite. One specimen had a decidedly
reddish brown submarginal band on the hind wings beneath.

The question was asked, ‘‘might it not be that these were separate species
flying together’?

Mr. Frank said they were taken near St. Paul, Minn. Mostly on the same
day in one small locality; that there was a continuous intergradation and that
he found some widely differing in markings and color, in coitu.

Mr, Hulst spoke at some length upon the subject of the evening ‘‘the effect
of external conditions upon Lepidoptera”, remarking upon the three influences,
temperature, humidity, and food, and took the ground that the most of direct
and immediate changes in the appearance of the insect, resulting from these
three causes, could be explained on the theory of impaired or redundant vitality.
And in the most of cases where the changes did not apparently follow from im-
paired or redundant vitality, it was only fair, though our knowledge did not give
proof, to suppose these were the operating causes. Considerable exception was
taken to Mr. Hulst’s views, but as the hour of adjournment had arrived, nothing
but an expression of dissent could be given. It was especially thought by some,
that food had often a direct modifying influence,

YOL, I.

ATOMS -OGl¢p
AMERICANA

BROOKLYN, JUNE, 1885.

NO. 3.

Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North
American Beetles, published in 1883—84.*

By SAMUEL

HENSHAW.

In II the first number (in heavy-faced type) refers to the author-

list im’ JD.

An examination of II shows that twelve oe)

authors have described

nine (g) new genera and three-hundred and ninety-five (395) new species.
a ee ba os eee
Anthony, A. C. Casey, T. L.

1 Lebia grandis in Massachusetts.
Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1883,
Vana DeeLO:

Blanchard, F.

2 Note on the habits of Amphicoma
vulpina.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 90.

3 Table of Balaninus Germ.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 106-8.

4 Note on the species of Gaurotes Lec.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 108.

Bowditch, F. C.

5 Notes on the habits of Hydrocharis
obtusatus Say and Magdalis olyra
Herbst.

Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1884,
Veh eb tri

Bowles, G. H.

6 On luminous Insects.

Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1882.

7 Notes on Coleoptera.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 64-67.
8 Revision of the Cucujidz of America
north of Mexico.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. XI,
p-.99—112, plates 4—8.

‘| 9 Contributions to the descriptive and

systematic Coleopterology of North
America, Part I.
Phila. 1884, pp. 60, 1 plate.
10 Revision of the Stenini of America
north of Mexico.
Phila. 1884, pp. 206, 1 plate.
(See Science 1884, v. 4, p. 561.)
11 (Malformation of Acmzops. )
Science 1884, v. 4, No. 96, p. 5 Bull.
Caulfield, F. B.
12 Remarks on Chrysomela scalaris
Lec., Chrysomela labyrinthica Lec.
and Physonota unipuncta Say.

1883, p. 34, figures.

Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p, 226—7.

* This brings the Record of American Coleopterology from where it was left in

the Bulletin, B.E.S., V, 69 —74 to Jan. 1,

1885. Jes

a

Chaudoir, Max de.
_ 13 Monographie des Oodides, Part. 2.
Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1882, (1883)
ser. 6, v. 2, p. 485—554.
Clarkson, Frederick.
14 The dung pellet makers.
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 18—I19.

2—

Deveraux, W. L.
24 Coal tar for the Plum weevil.
Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 236.
Ineffectual.
25 Weevil versus Curculio.
Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 27—29.
Application of the terms.

Origin and limitation of the term|Dimmock, A. K.

Scarabaeus.
15 Prionus brevicornis Fabr,

Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 95.
iMbicats,

16 Galeruca xanthomelena Schrank,

Ca, Ent. 1884. v. 16. p. 124—5.
Destructive lo elms at Long Island.

Claypole, E. W.
17 The Colorado Potato-Beetle.

Amer. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1174-75.
No second brood in 1883; seareity
in the Middle States during 1883.
(See Science 1883, v, 2, p. 327.)

Coleman, N.
18 ‘he Colorado Potato-Beetle pupating
above the ground.

Quart. Journ, Bost, Zool, Soc. 1883,

v. 2, p. 32.

Coquillett, D. W.
19 Descriptions of a few leaf-eating Co-
leopterous larvee.

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 2I—23.
Brief description of Chrysomela
pallida, C. clivicollis, C. multigqut-
tis, C. bigsbyana, C. similis, Lema
collaris, Doryphora juncta, and D.
10-lineata.

20 Notes on the early stages of Xylo-
trechus annosus Say. ;

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 31--32.

21 Notes on the early stages of Calop-
teron reticulatum Fabr.

Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 97—98.

22 Descriptions of a few Elaterid and
allied larve.

Ca, Ent, 1883, v. 15, p. 1ol—2.
Describes Elater niaricollis, An-

26 Sexual attraction in Prionus,
Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p- 159.
Dimmock, George.
27 Seales of Coleoptera.
Psyche, 1883, v. 4, p. 3—I1; 23-27;
43 —47; 63--71.
Describes and figures the scales of
species of Cicindelidee, Dermestider,
Scarabeide, Buprestidae, Elateri-
dw, Ptinidee, Cerambycidee, and
Curculionide. Literature of the
subject. See Science 1883, v. 1, p.
203; 1884, v. 3, p. 127—28.
28 Coleoptera.
Stand. Nat. Hist. Bost. 1884, v. 2,
p. 297—402, figures.
Popular illustrated account of the
order,
Doll, J.
29 (Habits of Dynastes:)
Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 97, p. 6,
Bull.
Duges, E.
30 Métamorphoses du Lyctus planicol-
lis Lee.
Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27, p.
54—59, plate.
Duvivier, Antoine.
31 Enumération des Staphylinides dé-
crits depuis la publication du Cata-
logue de MM. Gemminger & de Ha-

rold.
Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27,
Pp. 9I—2I5.

Evans, John D.
32 Remarkable gathering of beetles.
Ca, Ent. 1883. v. 15, p. 237—38.

drochirus fuscipes, Athous cucul-|Forbes, S. A.

latus.
23 Notes on the early stages of Lixus
macer Leconte.
Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 113.

33 Insects injurious to the Strawberry.
Trans, Miss. Valley Hort. Soc, 1883,

v. I, p. 50--85.
Describes the habits, early stages

&c. of Lachnosternu sp., CotalpayFrench, G. H.
lanigera, Paria 6-notata, P. ater-| 40 Preparatory stages of Epilachna bo-

rima, Otiorhynchus sulcatus and realis Fabr.
Tyloderma fragarie. Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 189—91.
34 The food relations of the Carabide|Fuchs, C.
and Coccinellidae. 41 A lost locality.
Bull. Ill. State. Lab. N. H. 1883, Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 81.
No. 6, p. 33—64. Near Brooklyn, N. Y.

See also Science 1883, v. 1, p. 317;|Getstaecker, A.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 417—19. 42 Ueber die Stellung der Gattung Ple-

35 Twelfth Report of the State Entomo- Rom a yeee, Sith Byes ee a

: : ' licornier
logist on the noxious and beneficial : 3 ’
Insects of the State of Illinois. a Wate Zeit, 1883, Jabrg. 44, p.
— Se .

Springfield, Illinois, 1883.
Not seen. Gives notes on the Corn-
root worm, Diabrotica longicornis
and the Strawberry Crown borer,
Tyloderma fragarice, Also re-
marks on the food relations of pre-
daceous beetles.

Godman, F. Ducane & Osbert Salvin.
43 Biologia Centrali-Americana.
London.
Parts 21—34 Jan. 1883-—Decemb.
1884 contain portions of Adephaga
by Bates, Staphylinide by Sharp,

; ; Malacodermata by Gorham,, Phyto-
36 Thirteenth Report of the State Ento- phaga by Jacoby and Tenebrioni-

mologist on the noxious and benefi- dee by Champion.
cial Insects of the State of Illinois. |pagen, H. ae
Springfield, Illinois, 1884.
Includes notes on Diabrotica longi-
cornis injuring Corn and on the fol-
lowing Strawberry pests, Lachno-

44 Lawsuits against grubs and grass-
hoppers.
Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 168—71I.
Partial reprint of paper with same
sterna sp., Colalpa lanigera, Allo- title which was first printed in 1881.
rhina nitida, Scelodonta pubescens

(= nebulosus), Paria 6-notata, P.
aterrima, Colaspis brunnea, Otio-
rhynchus sulcatus, Anthonomus
musculus and Tylodermafragaric,
Figures of several of the above are
given.

45 Chrysomela scalaris.
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 120.
Abundant on elms at Cambridge,
Mass. during May.
46 Scolytus rugulosus in branches of
Pear-trees, which were killed by

; : ; ' : Pear-blight.
37 On the life-histories and immature Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 161—63.

stages of three Eumolpini.

Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 123-30, pl. 1.
Relates to Colaspis brunnea, Paria
aterrima, Scelodonta pubescens (=
nebulosus) all of which injure the
roots of the Strawberry.

47 Note on Chalcographa sealaris Lec.
Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 225—26.
48 Note on the habitat of Xyloryetes sa-
tyrus.
Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 239—40.
Hamilton, John.
38 On the life-histories and immature] 49 Observations on Anthrenus varius

stages of three Eumolpini. Correct- Fabr., Anthrenus musaeorum Lin.,
ive Note. Trogoderma ornata Say, and Sito-
Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 167—168. drepa panicea Lin.
39 Insects affecting the Strawberry. Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, Pp. 99-93.

Trans, Wisc. State Agr. Soc., v, 21.} 50 Notes on a few species of Coleoptera
Not seen. which are confused in many collect-

Aa

ions, and on some introduced Euro- 110 species are new to Canadian
pean species, lists. See Science 1884, v. 3, p. 235.
Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 35-—38. 62 (Gathering of beetles. )

51 The survival of the fittest among cer- Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p 17—18.
tain species of Pterostichus as de-| 63 Additions to Canadian lists of Cole-
duced from their habits. optera.

Ca. Ent, 1884, v. 16, p. 73—-77. Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 44 -47; 70

52 On Valgus canaliculatus and squa- to 73; 96—98; 117 —I9.
miger, Elleschus bipunctatus, Xylo- Harrington, W. H., James Fletcher
ryctes satyrus. and J. B. Tyrrell.

Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 105 8. | 64 Coleoptera.
» 53 On Trogoderma ornata, Physonota Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club,
unipunctata and Tanysphyrus lem- 1884, v. 2, p. 137—39.
nae, Notes on a number of species.
Ca, Ent, 1884, v. 16, p. 133-36. |Hayward, R.

54 Coleoptera in September on brigan-| 65 A note on Acmzodera culta,

tine Beach, N.J., on the Atlantic Quart. Journ, Bost. Zool. Soc, 1883,
Coast. Mig Cy (DeIfoy
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 186 go. | On the flowers of Hypoxys erecta.
Hanham, A. W. 66 On the sexual characters of Boleto-
55 Entomological Notes. therus bifurcus.
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 98 - 99. Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1884,
Notes on afew species eaten by toads. V. 3, p. 16—17.
Harrington, W. H. Hayward, R. and H. Savage.
56 (Beetles injurious to men.) 67 A catalogue of the Coleoptera of the
Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 59—60. Green Mountains.
Acmaeops pratensis in the ear, Quart, Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1883,
Melanophila longipes biting the v. 2, p. I12—15; 24 —29; 36-38.
neck. Hill, F. C.
57 (Notes on Beetles. ) 68 On the antenna of Meloe.
Ca. Ent 1883, v. 15, p. 79—8o. Am. Journ. of Sc. 1883, ser. 3, v.
Records and habitats of a few 25, p- 137—38, figures.
species, Describes the distortion of the male
58 Variations in markings of Cicindela antenna and its use during copu-
sex-guttata, lation.
Ca, Ent, 1883; v.25, p: 230: Holland, W. J.
59 Chrysomelidae. Leaf—Eaters. 69 (Use of the jaws of the male Eupsalis
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1882, minuta.)
1883, p. 53—62, figures. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 46.
60 Injurious Insects affecting the Hick-|Horn, G. H.
ory. Coleoptera. 70 Synoptic table of Pseudomorpha.
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1883, Bull. Bkl, E. S, 1883, v. 6, p. 16.
1884, p. 42 —52, figures, 71 Synoptic table of Tachycellus.
61 List of Ottawa Coleoptera. Bull, Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 51-2.
Trans, Ottowa Field, Nat, Club,} 72 The species of Discoderus.
1884, v. 2, p. 67—85. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 52-3.
Introductory comparing previous) 73 Synoptic table of Mallodon-
Canadian and a few local lists with Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 9.

the present. List of 1003 species) 74 Notes on Chrysomela.
included in 524 genera and 67 fam. | Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 127—209.

Calligrapha multiguttis Stal.
sealaris Lee. ; C. multiguttata Stal,
C. opifera Stal recorded from Ari-
zona; C. labyrinthica Lec. Ms. =
CL pnirsa Stal; C. limbaticollis Stal
not N. American; Doryphora
melanothorax Stal recorded from

Hubbard, H. G.
84 (Habits of Mallodon melanopus.)
Science 1884, v. 4, No. 96, p. 5, Bull.

Jones, A. W.

85 Notes on the habits of Cie:ndelidae.
Bull. Bk. E, S. 1884, v. 7, p. 74-6.

Kellicott, .D.. S.

~l

or

~I
~l

—

to

oe)

N. Mexico, and Plagiodera floscu-

: ; ; 86 Psephenus Lecontei, on the external
losa Stal from California,

anatomy of the larva.
Ca. Ent, 1883, v. 15, f. 191 —98, figs.
Ca. a 1884, V- ao) p. 147 —48. See Science, 1883, v. 2, p. 337.
Possible identity of Lamesis, Kilmane An Hi
Westw. and Xenorhipis Lec. ; Cyr- 87

Synonymical Notes.

Phytonomus punctatus Fabricius,

tophorus gibbulus Lec. = Micro- Ca. Ent, 1884, v, 16, p. 144 —45
elytus gazellula Hald; Leptura, coc- en iatice in Canada, description
cinea Lec, = testacea Linn., L. 5

and habits,
atrata Lec. = proxima Kirby.
Lameere, Aug.

88 Addenda et corrigenda a la liste des
Cérambycides deécrits postérieure-
ment au catalogue de Munich.

Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27, p.
104—5, C. R.

89 Contributions a lhistoire des méta-
morphoses des Longicornes de la
famille des Prionidae.

Not seen.
Describes and figures pupa of Pa-
randra polita Say.
Leconte, J. L.

90 Synoptic table of Stenolophus.

Bull. Bkl. KE. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 13-25.

91 Synoptic table of Acupalpus.

Miscellaneous notes & short studies
ot North American Coleoptera.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1883, v. 10.
p. 269—312, plate 9.
(Poecilobrium n. g. proposed for
species included in Callimus. )
Trans..Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. Io,
paw, roc:
(Method of mounting dissections of
the month parts of beetles. )
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. I0,
Beehs pekoGs
(Outer lobe of maxilla present in the
Gyrinidae. )
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10,

p- 16, Proc. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 15.
(Work of Attagenus megatoma in} 92 Synoptic table of Calathus.
ticking. ) Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1883, v. 6, p. 49.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10,
Pals -etoc,
Notes on the species of Anomala in-
habiting the United States,
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. II,
p- 157—64.
Synopsis of the United States species
of Notoxus and Mecynotarsus.
Trans. Am, Ent, Soc. 1884, v. II,

93 Synoptic table of Agonoderus.
Bull. Bkl. KE. S, 1883. v. 6, p. 53-54.
94 Lists of Coleoptera collected in 1881
by Dr. Bell and others in the Lake
Superior district and in the North-
west Territories, east of the 112th
meridian and south of the 60th par-
allel.

Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. of Ca,

p- 165—76. Rept. of Progress for 1880-81-82, p.
Synopsis of the Philonthi of Boreal 29C—39C.
America. Leconte, J. L. & G. H. Horn.

Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. 11,] 95 Classification of the Coleoptera of
p- 177—244. North America.

age

Smithsonian Misc. Coll, 1883, v. 26, Concerning Buprestidae and Ceram-
pp: 38 and 567. bycide.
Leng, C. W. 107 The development of the bark-bor-

96 Synopses of Cerambycidae. ing beetles Hylurgops & Xyleborus.

Bull. Bkl, E. S, 1884, v. 7, p. 7-11; Third Rept. U.S. Ent. Comm, 1883
57—64; 95— 101; 112—16; plate 2. p. 280—82, plate 22.
97 (Notes on a few beetles. ) 108 Mode of oviposition of the common
Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1884, v. 7, p. 76-7. pine borer (Monohammus confusor).
Lugger, Otto. Am. Nat. 1884, v. 18, p. 1149—51.

98 Spread of the 12-punctured Aspara-| 109 Egg-laying habits of the Maple-tree
gus beetle. borer (Glycobius speciosus. )

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 199. Am. Nat. 1884, v. 18, p. I151-—52.

99 Food-plants of beetles bred in Mary-|Patton, W. H.
land. 110 Sound-producing organs in Ano-

Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 203—4. mala, Anthonomus and other Coleop-
100 List of Coleoptera found in the vi- tera.
cinity of Baltimore. Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 146.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Circ. v, 3, No.|/Pergande, T.
30, p. 78—79. 111 (Ptinus brunneus bred from rat
Not seen. dung. )
Matthews, A. Science, 1884, v. 4, No.-96, p. 5,

101 On the classification of the Coleop- Bull.
tera of North America by Dr. J. L.|Regimbart, M.

Leconte and Dr. G. H. Horn. 112 Essai monographiqne de la famille
Ann, and Mag. N. H. 1883, ser. 5, des Gyrinidae.
v. 12, p. 167-—72. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1882, ser. 6,

- 102 Synopsis of North American Tri- v. 2, p. 379—458, .plates 10—12;

chopterygidae. 1884, ser. 6, v. 3, p. 121—go, plate
Trans. Am. Ent, Soc. 1884, v. II, 6; p. 381—482, plates 11—14.
p- 113—56. Reinecke, O.

Merriam, C. H. 113 Longevity of beetles.

103 Ravages of a rare Scolytid Beetle in Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, f. 36.
the Sugar Maples of Northeastern Microclytus gazellula alive after
New York. immersion wt alcohol for several

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 84-6, figs. hours.
Concerning Corthylus punctatissi-| 114 Invasion of Phytonomus opimus,
mus Zimm. Leconte.
Moffat, J. A. Buffalo Freie Presse, Aug. 12, 1884,
104 (Notes on Calopteron reticulatum.) Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 76.
Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p- 179—80. [Reitter, Edw.
Osborn, H. 115 Platypsylla castoris Rits., als Ver-

105 The Corn-root worm (Diabrotica treter einer neuen europaeischen
longicornis. ) Coleopteren-Faimilie.

Bull. Iowa, Agric. Coll. Dept. Ent. Wien. Ent, Zeit. Jahrg. 3, p. 19-21.
1884. No. 2, p. 61—6o9. Not seen.
Packard, A. S. Rey, Cl.

106 Descriptions of the larvce of injuri-, 116 Description de la larve del’ Anthicus
ous forest insects. floralis.

Third Rept. U.S. Ent. Comm, 1883 Ann. Soc, Linn. Lyon. 1883, new

p. 251—62, plates 6—15. ser. v. 29, p. 141-—42.

aa (a

Ricksecker, L. E.
117 On the occurrence of Amphicoma.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 83.
Flying over sand dunes near San
Francisco,

Riley, C. V.
118 Ona gall-making genus of Apio-
ninae.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 61—2.,

119 Food habits of Megilla maculata.

Am Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 322—23.

120 Damage to silverplate by insects
(Niptus hololeptus).

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 420.

121 Number of moults and length of
larval life as influenced by food.

Am, Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 547—48.
Observations upon Tenebrio moli-
tor, T. obsewrus and Trogoderma
tarsale.

122 Insects affecting stored Rice.

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 790.
Mentions severul beetles.

123 Hypermetamorphoses of the Meloi-
dae.

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 790—91.
Revision of the nomenclature of
the larval forms.

124 Enemies of the Egg-plant.

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1070.
Mentions Cassida texana, Dory-
phora juncta.

125 Habits of Murmidius.

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1071.
Lives in old rice and straw; spins
a@ cocoon; names several cocoon—
spinning beetles.

126 Cantharis Nuttalli injuring wheat.

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1174.

_ 127 Hymenorus rufipes as a myrmico-
philus species.

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1176.

In nests of Formica fusca.
128 Report of the Entomologist.

Rept. Comm, Agric. 1883, p. 99 to

180,

Pages 159—70, plate 12, fig. 3,
give descriptions and figures of all
stages of Galeruca xanthomeleena ;
also remedial recommendations.

129 Hitherto unknown mode of ovipo-
sition in the Carabidae.

Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 342.
Chlenius impunctifrons
from eqy to beetle.

130 The insects of the year.

Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 565 —68.
The seasonal occurrence of insects.

Riley, (GV. & Hi. G. Hubbard:
131 (Habitats of Mezium.)
Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 96. p. 5,
Bull.
Robertsy Gave.
132 (Notes on beetles.)
Bull. Bkl. K. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 77-9.
Saunders, William.
133 Insects injurious to the White Pine
Pinus strobus.

Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario, for 1883,

1884, p. 52—59.

Several beetles are reported wpon.
Saunders, W. E.
134 Insects injurious to drugs.

Ca. Ent, 1883, v. 15, p. 81—83,

Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario for 1883,

1884. p. 29—-30.

Mentions six beetles.
Schaupp, F. G.
135 On the occurrence of Amphicoma
(lupina).

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 83.
Flying over the sand at Coney Is-
land, New York.

136 Hints for raising
larvae.

Bull, Bkl. E. S,

16—I9.

137 List of Carabidae, found in the
neighborhood of New York City.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 29 to

32; 71—72.

Annotated list of about 214 species.
138 Sea-shore collecting.

Bull, Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 36.
Notes on a few Carabide.

139 Synoptic table of Bradycellus.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 50.

140 Larva of Galerucella sagittariae
Gyll.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 54.

traced

Coleopterous

1883, v. 6, p. II;

Jae

141 The species of Cicindelidae.

“ Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 73 to
108, plates.

142 Remarks and descriptions of new
species (of Cicindelidae).

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 6, p. 121
to 124, figures.

Schwarz, E. A.
143 Insects affecting drugs.

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 140;
Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario for 1883,
1884, p. 30.

Adds Lasioderma serricorne and
Oryphalus jalappee to the list
given by W. E. Saunders.

144 Injury done by Colaspis tristis.

Am, Nat, 1883, v. 17, p. 978.
Destruction of the terminal shoots
of the pear and peach.

145 Coleoptera infesting Prickly Ash.

Am, Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1288—9.

146 Habits of Blaps and Embaphion,

Am. Nat. 1884, v. 18, p. 76.
147 Carabidae confined to single plants.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 6, p. 135-6.
Morio monilicornis and ? Psy-
drus piceus under pine bark, Dro-
mius atriceps in stems of grass
and Onota floridana between leaf-
ribs of Cabbage palmetto.

148 Notes on the food-habits of some
N.A. Rhynchophora.

Bull. Bk). E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 84-5.
Sharp, D.

149 Revision of the species included in
the genus Tropisternus (fam. Hydro-
philidae.

Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p.
oI—I117.
Shufeldt, R. W.

150 Observations upon a collection of
Insects made in the vicinity of New
Orleans, La., during the years 1882
and 1883.

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1884, v. 7, p.
331—38.
List of species, copy from Riley
of notes and figures of a luminous
larva.
Smith, J. B.
151 New Mordellidae and Notes.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 80-1.

152 Mordellidae, Notes & Descriptions.
Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1883, v. 6, p. 3—5.
153 Synopsis of the Apioninae of North
America.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. 11,
p. 41—68, plate 3.
Snow, F. H.
154 Additions to the list of Kansas Cole-
optera in 1881 and 1882.
Trans. Kans. Acad. v. 8, p. 58.
Not seen.
155 Trogoderma tarsale as a Musenm
pest.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 199, (from
Psyche v. 3).
Stejneger, L.
156 Contributions to the history of the
Commander Island.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, v. 6, p.
58-—89.
A few families and genera are
mentioned.
Stone, George H.
157 Epilachna corrupta as an injurious
insect.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 198—-99.
Feeding on blackwax beans.
Townsend, C. H. T.
158 On the variation of the elytral mark-
ings in Cicindela sexguttata.
Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 205—8.
159 Further remarks upon the variation
of the elytral markings in Cicindela
sexguttata.
Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 125—27.
160 The proportion of the sexes_in Ci-
cindela vulgaris Say and other
notes on the species.
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 227—3I.
161 Note on the inequality of the elytra
in Alaus oculatus.
Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 238—39.
Troop, James.
162 Strawberry Pests.
Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 91, p. 6,
Bull.
Notes on Tyloderma fragarice and
Otiorhynchus ligneus.
Van Wagenen, G. H.
163 (Abundance of Galeruca xanthome-
laenae in New York;
Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 160.
Williston, S. W.
164 Protective secretions of a species of
Eleodes.
Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 168—69.

(To be continued.)

New species of Californian Moths.
By Henry Epwarps.
FAM. AZEGERIADAE.

Pyrrhotaenia Elda, n. sp. (?)

Closely allied to P. helianthi, P. fragarie and P. Behrensii. The forewings
are bright bluish green, with the internal margin fiery copper red, this color being
broadest at the base, ceasing before reaching the interior angle. The lower wings
are fiery copper red, the fringes of both pairs golden purple. Front, pectus, palpi,
sides of thorax and abdomen, caudal tuft, three posterior se ments of abdomen, fore
femora, and all the tibiz fiery copper red. Both pairs of wings are quite opaque.
Beneath there is on secondaries a black discal spot, and the upper wings are coppery
red with a purple flush, ‘and purplish toward the posterior half.

It is by no means unlikely that this is the Q of P. Behrensu, the
lower wings of which are transparent. and should this prove to be the
case it may also be concluded that P. Aelandhi with opaque wings is the
Q of P. fragari@, in which the wings are transparent. The fact of
the different disposition of the abdominal band is against this conclusion,
but a careful study of the group has convinced me that the sexes differ
considerably, and in P- animosa Hy. Edw., described in Papilio, Vol. 3,
p. 156, they are distinguished by the character referred to, the lower wings
of the 5 being transparent, while those of the Q are opaque. In other
of the genera this peculiarity appears, especially so in Sanna exitiosa
Walk., and in /w/ua denudata Harr., and I shrewdly suspect that AZe/itta
(Sesta) grande Streck. will prove to be the Gj of AZ. gloriosa Hy. Edw. 1
have seen none but j\J' of the former of these species and none but 9 9
of the latter. But further observation is needed, and we may have some
time to wait for definite conclusions as the insects are remarkably rare,
P. Elda is the size of P. Behrensii (20 mm.) and is described from 2 Q
taken in Siskiyou Co, California, by Mr. James Behrens.

FAM. BOMBYCIDAE.

Nadata Behrensii, n. sp.

Paler in color than either N. gibbosa or N. Doubledayi, the markings therefore
standing out in bolder relief. The apex of the primaries greatly produced: and the
scalloped margins strongly defined, The anterior line is more bent in on the costa
towards the base, thus leaving a much wider space between it and the posterior line
than in either of the other two species. The white discal spots are ovate in shape,
not round as in N, gibbosa. and they are surmounted by a very conspicuous dusky
shade. The secondaries have a well defined median band, which in the J is paler
than the ground color of the wing, but in the Q somewhat darker. The underside
is very pale buff, almost sordid white, a reddish shade on apex of primaries. and a
pale brown median band common to both wings. Antennz tawny. Thorax, legs,
abdomen and palpi all sordid white, the latter without black tips.

Exp. wings SS 45mm:, Q 52mm. _ Length of body 24 mm., Q
20mm. 1 Butte Co,, Cal. (R. H. Stretch). 1 Q SiskiyowCo;;
(J. Behrens).

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 8

FAM. NOCTUIDAE.

Catocala Andromache, n. sp.

Alhed to C, Desdemona Hy. Edw. (Papilio, Vol. 2, p. 15) but much smaller,
and with confused and indistinct markings to the upper wings. Their color is green-
ish drab, the lines all with darker shadings above and below them, and more regular
in their outline than in (, Desdemona. The basal half-line is almost obsolete, the t-a
much produced outwardly in the middle, while the t-p has a strong tooth outwardly
on the third subcostal vein, Reniform and subreniform almost lost in the speckled sur-
face of the median space. Secondaries dull orange, dusky at base and along the abdom-
mal margin. Median band as in C, Desdemona, widest in the centre, and sharply
produced into a hook, which reaches the abdominal edge. Marginal band white at
the apex, narrowing suddenly in the center, and abruptly and broadly cut by the
orange field leaving an ovate black spot at the anal angle. Underside dull orange,
the primaries bearing a broad black median band, the apex also being broadly black.
In the specimen before me, the marginal band is divided by an orange dash as it ap-
proaches the internal, angle. Band of secondaries as on upper side,

Exp. wings 44 mm. Length of body 20 mm.

1 of near San Hernardino, Cal. Collection of J. Akhurst.

No other yellow winged Catocala is known to me from California
except C, Zoe Behr., which belongs to another section of the genus.

FAM. GEOMETRIDAE.

Triphosa pustularia, n. sp. (?)

In this singular form the primaries are blackish brown, with the posterior mar-
gins, a square patch in the middle of the dark posterior space, and three or four large
patches on the costa, pale fawn color, These marks are in very strong contrast with
the ground shade. The secondaries are also pale fawn color, with the lines dark
brown, and the abdomen is brown with fawn colored band. Underside with reddish
tint, strongly marked discal spot, and the lines all rather indistinct.

Exp. wings 45 mm. Length of body 18 mm.

16’, 1 Q. Summit, Sierra Nevada, (Hy. Edw.). 1 ¢ British Co-
lumbia, (J. J. Rivers). 1 Q Soda Spring, Shasta Co.. (J. Behrens).

This may possibly prove to be an extreme variety of the well known
FE. dubitata, but it is so distinct in its markings as to deserve at least a
varietal name.

Triphosa badiaria, n. sp.

Ground color of both wings bright yellowish brown, with the lines, bands and
discal spot of a very dark brown shade. The median dark band is of almost equal
width throughout, and only slightly dentate on its edges. The base and costa are also
dark brown, Above the posterior margin, which is black, are some brown lunules,
the same ornamentation being carried around the margin of the secondaries, which
are dusky for their basal half. Underside dull fawn brown, discal spots very distinct,
but the lines only faintly marked. Thorax and abdomen yellowish brown.

Exp. wings 40 mm. Length of body 16 mm.

1 Q. Shasta Co, Cal., (Hy. Edw. ).

Certainly a distinct species, which cannot, I think, be at all referred
to any known form,

—51—

A note on Scotocryptus.
By Grorcre H. Horn, M.D.

The above genus was indicated by Girard (Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr.
1874, p. 574) fora blind Si/phide but was not sufficiently described to
enable me to place it with certainty in my tables of genera. Recently
Dr. Sharp has received a second species and realizing the difficulty above
alluded to deals more fully with the generic characters (Comptes-rendus,
Soc. Ent. Belg. Feb. 1885).

The anterior coxz are transverse and moderately prominent and
their cavities enclosed by the meeting of the epimera and prosternum.,
By the system suggested by me these characters place the genus in the
Antsotomini as indicated in my Revision (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1880, p.
319) and with the help of Dr. Sharp's notes its place seems immediately

alter Agarwophagus and before instead of after Lzodes. The absence of
eyes is otherwise unknown to me in the Anzso/omintd and it would be in-
teresting to know whether the posterior coxz are separated as is often the
case in blind insects, although no mention of this is made either by
Sharp or Girard and the very poor figure given by the latter seems to in-
dicate that they are contiguous.

The tarsi on all the feet are three-jointed. To this character Dr.
Sharp attributes considerable value and makes it the sole groundwork for
the separation of a tribe which he places between the Amzso/omini and
Choivini, From my own studies this numerical reduction of the several
joints is only another step in the direction so plainly indicated in the
genera already known. In order that the idea may be more readily
grasped the genera may be disposed in the following order, the numbers
referring to the tarsal joints:

Triarthron 5—5—5, CQ. Amphicyllis 5—5—4, <o.
Stereus Goan bo iG). Oe Ae ae
Hydnobius 5-—5—s, ( Q. Agathidium 5—5—4, C.
Dietta 5—5—5, JO ?. 54-4, Q.
Anogdus 5—5—4, Jd Q. 4A Aon
Anisotoma 5—5--4, 6 Q. Agaricophagus 4—3—3, ¢ Q.
Colenis 5-5-4, do Q. Aglyptus 4-3-3, dQ.
Cyrtusa See On) 3 8e ay) oe
Isoplastus 5—5—4, J. Scatoegy pis, "3—3--2, if Oe
544, Oi
Liodes 5—5—4, o.
5-44, 9.

In a study of the above arrangement it will be seen that Scolocrypt
us follows naturally the course indicated by the genera which precede it.
In order that the numerical combinations shall be complete several new

genera will have to be discovered, and the missing genera may be hypo-
thetically indicated as far as the tarsal structure by any one whose inclin-
ations run that way.

In the tribe Claméini the tarsi are 4-4-4 in both sexes in the
three genera known to me. .

The antenne of the Azzsofomini exhibit a somewhat similar tendency
to numerical modifications: first, by having nine or ten joints; second,
by the variation of the number of joints composing the club, being either
three, four or five.

In view of the facts above presented I cannot adopt the course of
Dr. Sharp in separating Scofocrypius as a distinct tribe based on the num-
ber of tarsal joints, while the absence of eyes is but rarely of generic value
and in some instances merely sexual,

SYNONYMICAL NOTES.

My attention has been called by Mr. S. Henshaw to the omission
of the following species from my list of those described by Mr.
Newman. GrorcE H. Horn.

Catogenus puncticollis, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1839, p. 399 == C. rufus Fabr.
Endomychus perpulcher, Ent. Mag. V, p. 390 = Mycetina perpulchra Newm.
Schizotus cervicalis, Ent. Mag. V, p. 374.

Cicindela ventralis, Ent. Mag. V, p. 414.

The species is not recognizably described, the name is preoccupied
and should be dropped.

o> oa 0 me

Ae:

The next meeting of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science will be held at Ann Arbor, Mich., commencing August 26th,
1885. The Entomological Club will meet at that place on August 25th
according to its by-laws: exact locality not yet determined.

Will those members of the Club, or other Entomologists who ex:
pect to be present, please notify one of the undersigned, and also send
in the title of any papers they expect to read, and the length of time they
expect to occupy, so that a programme can be arranged. The exact
place and hour of meeting, as well as the programme so far as fixed, will
be published later.

Chairman: John B. Smith, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Herbert Osborn, Ames, Iowa,
B. Pickman Mann, Washington, D.C.
Committee.

On the identity of Cyaniris ladon of Cramer with C. pseud-
argiolus of Boisduval and Leconte.

By Artuur G. Butter, F.L,S., F.Z.S.L.

In the third volume of his ‘‘Description de Papillons exotiques”,
pl. CcLxx, D, E; Cramer figures a blue Zycenzd under the name of Papilio
/adon; in his text p. 141 he says—‘'On 7’ a /rouve au Cap de bon Espér-
ance”.

In his Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. rx, p. 678, Godart describes
the species and repeats Cramer's locality.

Mr. Trimen, “Rhopalocera Africee Australis” p. 252, again describ-
es the species but says at the end of his deseription—‘‘The only example
I have seen is the (' specimen in the British Museum”. !

The specimen mentioned by Trimen bears a label referring to, the
Old Museum Register in which I find P. Zadon Cram. a. S. Africa ?,
the locality having evidently been assumed from the fact that Cramer
gives Cape of Good Hope as the habitat of the species.

The specimen described by Mr. Trimen is the form of C. pseudargi-
olus to which Mr, W. H. Edwards has given the name of Lycena margin-
ata; it does not wholly agree with Cramer’s figure, the latter being rep-
resented by a form nearer to the Lyv@na violacea of Edwards and differ-
ing from Z. margina/a in the absence of the brown marginal suffusion
only; a series of this—the typical form of C. Zadon—was in the ‘Zeller’
collection labelled as Lycena /ucia; two specimens of typical LZ. Zuta
stood with the series, which was obtained from Maine, U.S.A.

The date of publication of Cramer’s species is 1782, that of the de-
scription of pseudargiolus is 1833; so that there can be no question as to
the priority of the name C’ /adon, the only pity is that M. Boisduval
should have failed to recognize the species owing to the false locality
given by Cramer.

et

Notes and News.

In No. 1, Vol. VIII of the Journal of the Cincinnati Soc. of Nat.
Hist. p. 49 is a translation of an article from the ‘‘Bulletin de la Societe
Geologique de France” 3me series, Vol. XII, p. 676, ef seg., entitled
‘“‘On the tracks of Insects resembling the impression of plants’. In it
are described the tracks or tunnels made by a species of mole cricket
just under the surface of a clay soil, and the superficial resemblance of
these elevations to stems of certain species of plants is pointed out. It
is suggested that if by any chance such a track were preserved in, or im-
pressed on sandstone, it might very easily be mistaken for a fossil Brachy-

phyllum or Phymatoderma. The article is of great interest, presenting an-
other difficulty to the student of fossil remains.
* : *

Mr. L. O. Howard writes us that during the month of December
enormous numbers of the great water-bug—Lelosioma grandis—were at-
tracted to the electric lights in New Orleans. In the late evening the
pavements along Canal Street were seen almost swarming with disabled
specimens of this insect, and many thousands were destroyed by being
crushed under foot. He states that he was well aware of the readiness
with which this species is attracted by light, but was hardly prepared for
such a scene as this. The large water beetle—Cydister fimbriolatus—

was also attracted with the Beiostoma, but in smaller numbers.

* *
*

Dr. Hagen informs us that the Collection of Lepidoptera heretofore
at the Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass., is now in his charge at Cam-
bridge. The move isa good, and very necessary one. The collection
contains many of Dr. Packard’s and some of Mr. Morrison’s types, and
was slowly going to dust and Amfhrenus when last we saw it.

* *
*

Lt. Casey has also donated his collection to the Museum at Cam-
bridge. Having been ordered to California on military duty he was un-
able to take the collection with him and thus disposed of it. With
Coleoptera, the Museum is now fairly well supplied.

* *
*

The American Entomological Society has appointed Mr. S. F.
Aaron its curator for the balance of the year, ata salary. This is a timely
action, for the collections of that Society are too valuable to be allowed
to go to ruin, It will be a comfort also for visitors and students to find
some one that knows which family of Lepidoptera is concealed in the
boxes marked Hymenoptera ete.

* *
*

We understand that Prof. Baird, Director of the U.S. National Mu-
seum has decided to appoint an assistant Curator of the Department of
Insects in that Museum, ata salary of $1500 per annum, and that
Prof. Riley the Honorary Curator, in view of the fact that this action
will secure the permanent care of collections, in case of his death or re-
moval from Washington, has decided to turn over to the Museum all his
own collections, the larger part of which are already deposited in the
Museum, Also that increased attention will be given this Department
after July first. Prof. Riley is now looking for a competent man to take
the place and will be glad to receive applications.

* *
*

apa eae

It may be of some interest to learn how much ofa collection the
National Museum can at present boast of From data kindly furnished by
Prof. Riley, the following has been compiled.

Ist: Collection, C. V. Riley, 17,725 species with 115,058 specimens,
divided as follows: Hymenoptera 2,550 species, 24,796 spec. ; Coleoptera
g,058 species, 48,618 spec.; Diptera 699 species, 5,646 spec. ; Lepidop-
tera 2,368 species, 17,098 spec.; Hemiptera 1,134 species, 8,862 spec. ;
Orthoptera 560 species, 6,903 spec.; Neuroptera 160 species, 868 spec.;
Arachnidze and Myriapoda 110 species, 425 spec.; Galls and Gall in-
sects 734 species, 4,152 specimens; the balance miscellaneus and Insect

Architecture.
There is also an alcoholic collection, principally of adolescent states,

containing 2,850 vials, and a collection of some 3000 slides of minute
insects and larvae mounted in Canada Balsam.

2nd: Collection of Department of Agriculture. Containing a large
lot of material accumulated in the practical work of the division, and by
the collections of its employees. It contains about 5000 species-—mostly
exotic—not in the Riley collection. E

3rd; Collection of the National Museum. This is the poorest of the
lot, and consists principally of the material sent in during the past three
years from all sources. There are about 2000 species not in either of

the other collections.
4th: The exhibit collection of Economic Entomology prepared

for the New Orleans Exhibition, valuable for its economical interest. A
catalogue of this has been printed.

This forms a good nucleus, and in charge ofa competent and enter-
prising curator it will quickly take rank as one of the most important in
the country. The large collection of larvee forms a distinct and decided
addition to its value.

* *

Mm the Proc. Ac. N. Sc. 1885, D. 24, Mr, Strecker describes a new
Colias (lis), from the Rocky Mts, on the boundary between the U. S.
and British America. Mr. Strecker says: *‘It is an act of temerity to de-
scribe a Colias as new under any circumstances in these days, and doub-
ly so to describe it from examples of the female sex alone, yet I have no
apprehension that the above insect will not stand as a valid species.”

Mr. Strecker is usually not much of a splitter, and it is somewhat
curious that he should feel so positive of his new species, while Mr. W.
H. Edwards, who has been strongly suspected of a leaning to numerous
species, contends that it is nothing but a slight variation of a well known
western form—JZeadi I believe. It will be something new to find Mr.
Edwards trying to prove species identical.

*

*
*

—56—

Mr. Strecker also (loc. cit. p. 26) describes a specimen of Cecropra
with an extra primary, or rather the rudiment of one. Rather an in-
teresting and rare monstrosity!

* *
*

In the May No. of the ‘‘Correspondenzblatt des Entomologischen
Vereins ‘Iris’ zu Dresden”, Mr. J. ROber describes a similar monstrosity
of Limenitis popul’; the specimen is a <j‘, and has besides four normally
complete wings an additional left secondary, equal to a fragment con-
taining the first three veins.

* *
*

Mr. Hulbert writes us from New Britain Conn. that Antho haris
genutia is not uncommon near that place on rocky hills. __ It flles with a
jerky motion, which renders it easily distinguishable from Prerzs rapa
with which its white color might cause it to be confounded.

* *
*

Lt. T. L. Casey in his new location is not idle—he has sent us
some ‘‘Miscellaneous Notes’, from which we cull the following:

The description of a somewhat singular deformity may be of some
interest. The specimen is one ofa large series and of a species of
Eleodes, very common about San Francisco; it is remarkably uniform in
sculpture, being very smooth and polished with minute and_ sparse
punctuation. In this specimen, however, the left elytron is entirely cover-
ed with a regular’series of small closely placed costae which are confused-
ly and conspicuously though minutely rugulose, and separated by well-
marked strix; the right elytron is of the normal smoothness. The con-
trast between the two is so great that it almost seems as if the left elytron
had been removed and another of exactly the same form but of a roughly
sculptured species had been substituted.

I cannot account for this eccentricity except possibly that in bygone
ages the species was roughly sculptured, and that by reason of compar-
atively recent changes of condition and modification of surroundings it
has become smooth. The phenomenon could then be considered to be
the result of an effort on the part of nature to bring to light its pristine
features, in the same manner as in the human species, where as is well
known, characteristics of ancestors long since passed away, frequently
re-assert themselves in the children of after generations.

Involuntary Movement after Death.

A chicken jumping spasmodically about after its head has been
severed and after actual death has taken place is a familiar sight to most
of us. These movements are simply the result of involuntary contract-

ions and relaxations of the muscles, and are analogous to a phenomenon
which I have noticed in beetles. but of course on a much more extended
scale. On several occasions while examining minute Staphvlinide which
had been dead thirty hours or more, with ordinary powers of the mi-
croscope, 1 was surprised to find a feeble motion in the outer joints of
the antenne. This motion was a gentle and irregular waving to and
fro, the base of the organ being periectly rigid, and reminding me of
similar twistings often to be observed in the tip of a cat’s tail when the
base of that appendage is entirely motionless. ‘These movements have
undoubtedly been noticed and recorded before, and they are simply men-
tioned here because it may be suppesed that so small and slender an
insect, having been in alcohol for twelve hours and gummed for about
the same or longer period subsequently, would have become so dry and
rigid as to prevent any such movement.

I was very careful to see that no draughts or other disturbing causes
could give rise to this singular action. oe

« * x

In our next number we shall commence a very interesting article on
‘Bees and other hording insects; their specialization into females, males
and workers”. For the Lepidopterists, who may perhaps think their in-
terests rather neglected thus far, we have a supply of literature, which
we shall present at an early date.

a eh + ne 2

Book Notices.

Report of the Entomologist, Charles V. Riley, M. A., Ph. D., for the year 1884.

Washington, Govt. Printing Office, 1885. From the Report of the Dept. of Agri-
culture for 1884, pp. 285—418 and plates I to X.

The public is accustomed to careful and valuable Reports from Prof.
Riley, and this is not behind the others. As usual, a number of new
species of economic interest are described and illustrated and the life
histories of quite a number are worked out. Cabbage insecis are pro-
minently treated of and the life history of several Noctuid species is
given. Reports on special subjects studied by field agents during the
summer of 13884 occupy a portion of the Report and treat of pests that
for some reason have attracted unusual attention. ‘Ten plates illustrate
the insects treated of and their life habits, and still further enhance the
value of the Report.

“Descriptions of North American Chalcidide from the collections of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and of Dr. C. V. Riley, with Biological Notes. To-
gether with a list of the described North American Species of the Family, by L. O.
Howard. M. Sc., Assistant, Bureau of Entomology.”’

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. ; 3

This paper is issued as Bulletin No. 5 of the Bureau of Entomology
and its scope is sufficiently set forth in its title. Mr. Howard has for
some time past made a special study of the parasitic Hymenoptera, and
ve are pleased to see some of the results of his patient and_ persistent
labor. Six sub-families are embraced in the present paper. All the
genera and a large number of new species are described. ‘The paper is
a valuable addition to the literature of this most interesting order,

Catalogue of the Exhibit of Economic Entomology at the World’s Industrial
and Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans 1884-—85. Washington, (Dept.
of Agriculture) 1884, pp. I—95.

Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republico Arg-
entina) Tome VII, Entraga I, 2 et 3. Buenos Aires 1884, pp. I—392. [All oc-
cupied by an article on the Staphylindze of Buenos Aires, by Félix Lynch Arri—
bilzaga].

Contributions to the Descriptive and Systematic Coleopterology of North
America. Part II. By Thos. L. Casey, Lieut. of Eng’rs, U. 8. A. Philadelphia,
December 1884, pp. 61—108.

Mr. Casey has here given us a pamphlet, for which, with the best
possible intentions, it is impossible to say a word of praise. He describes
y3 new species, several of them in genera that have not yet been worked
up. ‘Thus there are several new species of Bembidium, or as Mr. Casey
calls it ‘‘Bembidion”; a new Zachys which it takes over a page of brevier
type to describe, which is two millimeters long, and is unique. Such de-
scriptions are aggravating, for their minuteness of detail, and after all
they amount to nothing but additional names for the lists.

There are also three new species of Cra/acan/hus based on color and
proportion of parts. This, in our opinion is unwarranted; duéius is an
exceedingly variable form, and every species described by Mr, Casey is
represented in our series.

Mr. Casey in his introductory remarks, stated that he used a bin-
ocular microscope with mechanical universal-jointed stage clip for hold-
ing the pin. ‘This as we can testify from personal inspection is a fine
instrument, but the great difficulty is that it exaggerates unimportant
characters—every individual has peculiarities, in which it differs from
“other individuals of the same species, and Mr. Casey’s careful descript-
ions are individual, and not characteristic of species, Mr. Casey entirely
fails to make any allowance for variation. His illustration in reference
to astronomical minutness of detail is totally inapplicable. ‘This science
has for its aim the discovery of the /aws regulating stellar motions. ‘These
Jaws are immutable—there is no allowance to make for variations; while
in the Coleoptera there are scarcely two specimens exactly alike.

We think a great deal of Mr. Casey, and believe him to be a close
observer, a careful and conscientious student, and able to take a high
rank as a coleopterist; nevertheless, or for that very reason, we are very
sorry to receive such a paper from him It is an obstacle, rather than an
aid to students, and we think that some day Mr. Casey will say of this
as Dr. Leconte did of one of his early papers—I quote from memory —
“One of the crude results of my earlier studies was a monograph of the
genus Pasimachus, where, being then inexperienced in the recognition
of species, individual characters were given a value which subsequent
studies and material proved they did not possess’. He adds that he
should have considered it a favor, had the manuscript been returned to
him for revision or declined, bes:
Revised Catalogue of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of America, North of Mexico,

by W. H. Edwards. ‘Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XI, 1884, pp. 94, [Issued February
18th, 1885].

This brings the list of species to the beginning of 1885. A notable
feature is an index to genera and species, but altogether the work is
hardly an improvement over the previous edition. Of course Mr. Ed-
wards allows none of the conclusions of recent writers on butterflies to
influence him in his estimation of species.

Notes on the Systematic Position of some North American Lepidoptera, by
John B. Smith. Trans. Am, Ent, Soc. XII, pp. 77-—84, pl. III, [February 1885}.

Discusses the genera classed as Zyg@nide in the lists.

On the North American Asilide (Part Il). By S. W. Williston, M.D., Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 53—76, (January 188s).

Contains synopses of Liphria, Mallop.ora, Promachus, Erax, and
Proctocanthus. Dr, Williston here continues his monographic work, and
there is now no reason, why, in the families thus classified, students
should not be able to collect and arrange intelligently.

rr

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. May 5th, 1885.—-l'wenty-one members
present, Mr. Cramer in the chair, ‘The Secretary reported the correspondence
with the President of the Agassiz Association, and submitted a proposition for a
course of Introductory Lessons to be prepared by Members of the Society. It
was resolved that the annual excursion of the Society be to Passaic Falls, Patter-
son, N. J., on May 30, 1885, and Mr. Roberts was appointed a committee to ar-
range details and notify members. Prof. F. Fillon was elected a member.

Mr. Angell read a paper on some variations of Chrysomela philadelphica Lee.
and Scalaris Lec., leading to a belief in their specific identity. This was illu-
strated by drawing of the varieties showing the gradual change of maculation

iy

from that typical of one form, to that typical of another.* Mr. Smith added that
these variations were largely selected from material obtained by him, and there
were some interesting facts as to the localities from which those specimen came.
In Cambridge he collected several hundreds of C. scalaris, all perfectly alike. In
the pineries of New Jersey he collected (. philadelphica, slightly variable but with
no particular tendency toward scalaris. In Cape Cod both species were found,
and both somewhat variable, showing a tendency to an obliteration of the lines
of demarcation between species. Specimens from the Adirondacks further close
the gap, while material received from Canada showed a surprising range of vari-
ation and furnished most of the interesting forms completing the links between
the species. ‘lhis was interesting because he had found that in both Coleoptera
and Lepidoptera, species that elsewhere were constant enough showed a decided
tendency to variation in the same localities. The fauna of Northern New York
and Canada is one of extreme interest and deserves careful study.

Mr. Waters exhibited a specimen of Anisola Heilighrodtii together with the
cocoon from which it was obtained. Mr. Hulst remarked on this, that all the
other species of Anisota had naked pup and were subterranean, while here was
a species apparently congeneric, which had a double cocoon like Cecropia, spun
on mesquit: not a solid cocoon, but net-like, so as to show the pupa. Mr. Doll
said that the geometrid Hucaterva variaria raised by him, spun a very similar co-
coon, also donhle. Mr. Hy. Edwards joined the meeting after adjournment and
remarked on this subject that under some circumstances the species of Datanu
will spin a light cocoon among debris, so also as to most of the other Bombycide
that are usually subterranean.

Entomological Society of Washington. April 2, 1885. —-Mr. Schwarz ex-
hibited specimens of Rhopalopus sanguinicollis Horn and remarked that this
Cerambycid is one of the few species peculiar to the mountainous regions of the
Alleghanies. He contrasted this scarcity of peculiar mountainous species with
the rich montane and colline faun of Europe, given as the reason of the differ-
ence, the long-established cultivation of the soil in Europe by which the fauna
and flora of the plants have become differentiated from those of the less cultivat-
ed hills and the uncultivated mountains.

Mr. Howard made a statement in regard to the parasites of Thyridopteryx
ephemereeformis. He had found the larve of Hemiteles thyridopterigis being eaten
by a Chalcid larva, presumably that of the Pteromalus commonly bred from the
bags of the Thyridopteryx. He generalized on the difficult distinction between
primary and secondary parasites.

Dr. Marx read a paper on the Arachnide collected by Dr. Turner in North-
ern Labrador. The best presented families are the Lycosoide, the Drassoidw
and Tomisoide.

May 6.—Mr. Schwarz exhibited newly hatched specimens of Epicwrus im—
bricatus, still possessing the mandibular appendages. One specimen illustrated
the process of losing these appendages. They do not break off in one piece, but
the basal third remains attached to the mandibles and must be lost at a later
time.

A discussion took place between Dr. Barnard and Messrs. Stewart, Schwarz
and Howard respecting the collection of Neuroptera.

* The paper with plate illustrating the varieties will appear in an early
number.

MOLT, BROOKLYN, JULY, 1886, NO. 4.

Bees and other Hoarding Insects.

Their Specialization into Females, Males and Workers. *

By Epwin A. Curtey.

I beg that you will note the order in which I have mentioned the
sexes. It is females and males, and not males and females. In a scien-
tific discussion, I feel constrained to tell the unvarnished truth regardless
of the consequences to the social fabric; and among the Hymenopéera, it
is most certainly a fact, that the ladies are all-important, and the gentle-
men approach as closely to perfect insignificance as it is fairly possible to
conceive. The happiness ofa hundred thousand most willing slaves
depends upon the mother-bee of the hive, while three thousand idle
males do nothing but eat and loaf, and flit in the sunshine, in the hope
of that hymenial favor which only one of their number is destined to re-
ceive; while to the one that attains the one short flight in the sunshine
of wedded bliss, which is the sole object of his existence, the immediate
consequence 1s the sharp pain of mutilation, and then a lingering death
to be promptly followed, or perhaps to be accompanied by the execution
of his 2,999 insignificant and now worse than useless rivals. |

In discussing the differentiation of bees into females, males, and
workers, I shall have no need to call your attention to any new discover-
ies in the world of wonders among those minute creatures that we have
had with us for all ages, and whose life we are just now beginning faintly
‘to understand. My illustrations will be drawn mainly from other orders,
in which it will be impossible for me to make a mistake without its being
readily seen by some of the general public as well as the specialists.

* Read before the Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Dec., 29, 1884.

(62

The limits of this paper will not permit elaborate definitions, or fine
discriminations, and I have therefore to ask that you will kindly make
your own definitions. taking care to give to my words in general, the
narrowest sense compatible with the use to which I apply them.

From the creatures and the plants, that man has domesticated for
his use, we have learned nearly all of the lessons in heridity, which we
have no good reason to unlearn, and my first illustration shall be from
one of these, the barn yard fowl.

If we mate a Black Spanish fowl with a Buff Cochin, and hatch out
the eggs as the bees do theirs, in an incubator, till we have a hundred
chicks, among these we shall find a very great diversity. Some when
fally grown will be nearly, if not quite as heavy as the Buff Cochin, and
some will weigh little, ifany, more than the Black Spanish. Their re-
spective weights will probably vary between those natural to their sex in
the two varieties to which their progenitors belong, but much the larger
number will be very nearly half way between, And as color is not neces-
sarily correlated with weight, itis quite possible that the heaviest chick
will be the blackest; that is to say, that he may take his color almost en-
tirely from one parent, and his weight and form from the other. In color
every one of tne hundred chicks will, when fully grown, be in some de-
gree distinguished from every other; and if we take color, size and form
together for our guide, there will not be one among the whole number
that we cannot readily distinguish from every other. Now this particular
cross from the great difference in size, form and color of the parent stock
enables us to see very clearly a fact which the closest and most careful in-
vestigation shows to be a general law It is this;

All offspring are variable by heridily, And under some circumstances
the variations are wide.

Nearly every youth, who has amused himself with an aquarium,
knows that he can dwarf his fish if he chooses to do so. Other things
being equal, the weight of a fish depends upon the amount of food it is
allowed to consume. This variability is so great among fishes, that of
two as nearly alike as possible, either one may be fed so that he shall ex-
ceed a pound in weight, before the other, receiving very little food, shall
turn the scale at an ounce.

Thus insufficiency of food affects the development of all organs.
Ail breeders of animals have some knowledge of this fact as applied to
their own business, and of which our fish merely affords a striking ex-
ample. It is an inevitable deduction, that when the food is of the general
quality which is suitable for the due nourishment of all the organs but is
insufficient in amount, the stronger organs, if such there be, will take

a 630

more than their share, and the weaker organs will go to the wall. From
this matter of food supply we have a general law, which may be stated as
follows:

Living creatures are vartable from the amount and quality of thetr food.
And among some orders the limits of this variation are wide.

It is scarcely necessary for me to go into the fact, that the insects
being exposed to more extreme vicissitudes than the larger orders of
animal life are much more variable in almost every respect. It will be
interesting, however, and it may be instructive in the line of our inquiry
to point out some powers of variation in sex in a very common plant,
which, while they are very much greater than those of the bee, have some
points of striking resemblance.

Indian Corn is pictured to the unobserving mind, as a plant bear-
ing something good to eat at the side; and a tassel on the top. The
botanist tells us that the tassel on the top is a male plant, that at the side
is a female plant, or perhaps more than one, that all these are joined
upon one stalk, and that the something good to eat, is the product of
the female plant, fertilized by the pollen of the male. All this is fact as
far as it goes; but it gives us no conception of the whole truth,

On going into the field in bloom, we find that nearly all of the
stalks have tassels on the top; they are male plants. In a good field we
shall find perhaps half of them with reproductive females at the side, say
two good ears of corn toa hill. There are therefore nearly twice as
many perfect males as there are of perfect females. We find also, that
the undeveloped females are very numerous, from one to half a dozen on
a stalk. Anda close examination shows that the number of females that
become developed is almost entirely a matter of food. Such an investi-
gation shows also some plants bearing only a female on the stalk and
some that are entirely undeveloped in both sexes,

Thus in our field of Indian corn we have male stalks, male and fe-
male stalks. female stalks, neuter stalks. And the stalks that bear deve-
loped male and developed female individuals all have, (a) a male indi-
vidual on the top, (0) one, two, or three females at the side, (c) one to
six undeveloped females at the side. and possibly with, possibly instead
of (c) they may have, (d) one to halfa dozen buds and germs of females
at the side.

If, when the corn is ripe, we go with the farmer and gather a basket-
ful, we shall invariably find that on each ear there are kernels less per-
fectly developed than others, and we shall have every reason to believe
that in the basketful there are some kernels that could not reproduce,
that some kernels would reproduce, but would, under the most favorable

——04—

circumstances give but imperfect offspring, and that there would be a
very wide range in the degrees of the imperfection of the plants produced
from these imperfect kernels.

As a matter of fact, the farmer in planting, selects with care the
most perfect ears, and the most perfect parts only of the ears so selected,
and yet we have the males, the females, and the neuters or undeveloped,
for the result, as I have described them.

Indian corn is so extremely variable in this matter of sex, that care-
ful experimenting in this direction would be likely to give most interest-
ing results in a single lifetime.

Having now illustrated some principles of variability, and given
some idea of the extent to which it may go, under our own observation,
we must deal with the question before us by way of hypothesis,

Let us suppose a primitive or typical Bee among the honey seeking
insects of early days. She is necessarily a creature having such attributes
as are common to all species of bees which are her offspring, but in
many respects she is very unlike our Hive Bee of to-day We see her
at a time when this typical species has already learned the wonderful
lesson of thrift. She stores honey in times of plenty to provide for times
of want. She is feeding her offspring from her stores. As the keen com-
petition of life goes on, she must provide for the wants of her offspring
for an ever increasing period, and, as her powers in this respect are taxed
to the utmost, her powers of reproduction are of necessity diminished;
she produces some imperfect eggs, and she produces fewer eggs. Still
the vast majority of her offspring perish, either for lack of sufficient food
or as prey to natural enemies before their power of self defence are suffi-
ciently developed for successful flight or resistance.

It is quite reasonable to suppose that the bee has been subjected to
such vicissitudes as these. The extraordinary differences in the sizes of
the various living species of bees would indicate the truth of the theory
of insufficient food as far as we have yet followed it. If we have a species
of bee only one-eight of an inch in length while some others are an inch
and a quarter in length and stoutin proportion, it will take one thousand
(1000) of these Lilliputian bees, to weigh as much as a single specimen
of one of these largest species, Is it not most reasonable to suppose that
this tremendous variation in size, is chiefly due to the matter of food
supply, as is the well known fact in the very laige variation we can thus
make in the size of an individual fish?

Now when the food supply is so very scant that the size of the off-
spring is necessarily much dwarfed, evidently the weakest will die in the
process of rearing; evidently also, the mother-bee whose reproductive

powers are the weakest as to the number of offspring, and whose maternal
instincts are the strongest, thatis to say, the one that lays the fewest eggs
and takes the best care of her young, will best succeed.

If any broods of young perish altogether from famine, it will be
those that are so numerous as entirely to overtax the powers of the
mother-bee in feeding them. Thus we gradually approach a time when
the care of the mother-bee extends to a period in the life of the offspring,
when they appreciate and respond to her affection. The offspring are
still numerous and the struggle for existence is severe. The food supply
is sufficient to bring the young to that point in existence when they are
capable of applying with some prospect of success the instinct, that is to
say, the congenital knowledge inherited from the mother. And as the
mother-bee continues after this period to help them in their struggle for
existence, they see and understand her assistance, and they neccessarily
respond to her affection. Here is definitely established filial love, in re-
sponse to maternal affection and it is necessary that this filial love should
be established in strength even in this little insect, before it is possible
that the specialization under consideration shall commence. It must
not be supposed that the size of these tiny creatures renders them incap
able of this strong feeling,—we must in this respect as in others go by
the evidence of our senses and the necessities of the case. Without strong
affection the whole life of these bees is quite inexplicable, while with it
their conduct is the natural outcome of a certain amount of intelligence
applied to certain conditions of existence.

Among all creatures nursed with a mothers care, filial love grows
stronger and stronger, according to the capacity and circumstances of
the offspring and the strength of that affection which calls it forth. But
when the time for mating approaches the young seek other relationships
and so far as it is incompatible with these does filial love decay.

But what happens if the young are by nature incapacitated for these
other relationships? ,

Then filial love necessarily grows with the individual and strengthens
with her strength.

The mating instinct may be almost or wholly lacking; and if wholly
lacking, then all of that part of the highly nervous organization, inherited
from the mother that is devoted to the affections, will have no other out-
let than in filial love.

The common life around us, and man himself will perhaps afford
us some partial illustrations of this necessary law. The best illustration
outside of the insect world is one of which the facts may be easily ascer-
tained by any person who will make the inquiry.

nae

The breeding of mules is an important industry. The horse and
the ass are capable of strong affection, but their colts seldom develope a
filial love which has a controling influence on their adult life.

But the mule, the hybrid between the male ass and the female horse,
except in very rare instances is congenitally incapable of reproducing its
kind. It has more or less of the instinct for mating, but it necessarily
does not have the strong sexual passion of a perfect equine animal. Its
love for its mother however amounts to a master passion; it is not spas-
modical, but it is intense and it continues as long as thére is an oppor-
tunity of showing it. It is capable of transfer to another subject and
those who breed mules in large numbers take a useful, instructive and
amusing advantage of this fact.

When the young mules are weaned, the mothers are withdrawn from
their company, and one, otherwise worthless old mare is substituted for
many mothers. The poor young things turn to the good natured old
mare as to a very goddess; while ‘she receives their worship with the
equanimity of her sex, never hinting in the mildest terms, that it is an
idolatry that should be abated, As the dilapidated goddess herself may
be depended upon for her staid qualities, it follows that her worshippers
are thereby kept out of mischief. And the poor mule is not a backslider,
it is always a consistent worshipper.

I have stated that filial love is absolutely necessary to the specializa-
tion under consideration. It should be added that it must be intense in
its character and capable of replacing to a large extent the maternal in-
stinct of the perfect creature.

From the fact that insufficiency of food would affect the growth of
all organs we deduced the further fact that it would affect weak animals
the most, giving those not congenitally perfect an irregular development.
It follows also, that if a very young animal congenitally perfect, receives
for a long period only sufficient food to sustain life, the organs not vital
will be more or less dwarfed in their proportions, as compared to the
vital organs.

For here the law of parsimony is absolute. The vital organs mus/
receive a certain supply, or the life perishes. The non-vital organs make
no such imperative demand, and they consequently get less in propor-
tion. And an organ that is entirely useless to the life of the individual,
would under such circumstances receive no nourishment whatever; ex-
cepting only as it is correlated to the organs that are useful or vital. The
re-productive organs of the young of all species are entirely useless to the
life of the individual; their powers are latent, and excepting as they are
correlated to other organs, they make no demand for nourishment. Star-

vation must therefore dwarf the reproductive organs of very young in-
dividuals, in proportion to those which are very important, or absolutely
necessary to life. In plants this fact is constantly shown all around us
and our maize is a striking example.

The reproductive powers of swine are very great. But a young pig
that is half-starved will not only have its reproductive powers very much
retarded in their growth, it will have them diminished in their ulti-
mate strength. This is a matter in which general observation fur-
nishes the proof, I have not asked fish-culturists the question but I am
absolutely certain that other things being equal, the number of fish-eggs
will depend upon the size and thrift of the individual, and these, other
things being equal depend upon the question of food.

It is easy to imagine a possible case among the vertebrates or even
the mammals in which a perfectly normal organism by long continued
insufficiency of food, is allowed a slow development of those organs that
are absolutely necessary for its life, and of the others most nearly corre-
lated to these, while the organs of reproduction, in the incipient or un-
developed stage in which they were when starvation commenced, still
remain till they become fixed and immutable notwithstanding any a-
bundance of food that may be given at a later period of life.

Let us now go back to tne variability of eggs as shown by our hun-
dred chicks or the variability of seeds as shown by our ears of corn.
This variability is variability of the germs, and this is congenital variabil-
ity. This variability as shown in the hundred chicks gives us from three
to six pounds for their adult weight and they all differ in color, form, or
both.

We take no account at present of the fact that our primitive bee as
shown by her offspring of to-day was far more variable than fowls, but we
note that she was a hoarding insect, gathering with great care and in-
dustry in good times, food for times of scarcity; that she supplied her
young from her stores; and that they responded to her maternal cares
with filial affection.

We left her at a time when the struggle for existence was keen and
some of her offspring starved through no fault of her own. She was ex-
hausted with a constant search for food and the cares of a numerous and
starving family.

This necessarily involved the fact that her reproductive system was
quite out of balance. she was incapable of producing as many eggs as
her progenitors, and many of those that she did produce were imperfect.

Of these imperfect eggs some addled and some hatched out imper-
fect offspring.

ene

At this point we proceed to inquire into the nature of the imper-
fections of the offspring.

There would probably be quite a variety in these defects, One
might be wanting in legs, another deficient in wings,’ another insane,
another deaf, another possibly congenitally blind, or perhaps wanting in
that sense, whatever it is, by which ants and bees intelligently converse
with their fellows.

All of these and many other congenital defects are possible and even
probable, because we see them in other and the least changeable orders
and species of creatures.

But the greatest in number of all the very important defects, would
be defects of the reproductive organs; because they are the organs in the
mother which have been most affected by her unfortunate environment.

Under these circumstances, what must become of all the imperfect
offspring in a sharp struggle for existence?

Manifestly all wanting in legs, or wings, or eyes, or in any organs
necessary for quick and intelligent movements in attacking or resisting
enemies, or in collecting food, must die at an early age, notwithstanding
any possible care of the mother. ;

Manifestly none of those defective in the reproductive organs would
so die, unless they were also defective in some other particular, unless
indeed the struggle became so keen, that perfect and imperfect went to
the wall together.

Manifestly also, these insects, thus congenitally imperfect in the re-
productive organs, would have a great advantage over all others in the
struggle for existence, /rom the time at which the reproductive period in
those others commenced.

If altogether incapable of reproduction, they would have vitality
enough for themselves and a surplus to expend.

The energy inherited from the hardworking progenitors would be
too great for idleness. ‘The surplus must be expended at the dictates of
love or hate. Hate, beyond that healthy indignation at attack or imposi-
tion which is necessary to self-protection, is unnatural to such beings. *
But they have one to love, and that is the mother. The perfect offspring
depart to reproduce their kind, and the one, two, three, or the dozen, of
the imperfect ones, stay behind with the mother bee, or if she dies they
transfer their affection to some one of their perfect sisters.

Now another hoard of honey must be gathered, and another lot of
eggs laid, hatched out and cared for. The female bee works industriously,

* Lubbock’s instances of ants attacking strangers and not rescuing friends by no
means demonstrates the opposite of this proposition,

PEGo2=

and true to her instinct, denies herself of necessary food, that she may
lay by the more for her future offspring.

And now these creatures, happy in their deprivation, capable
of supplying their own wants with ease, insist on gathering food for the
mother-bee. She takes it with eagerness, tastes and stores it away. And
after the young are hatched out, the like attempt to feed the mother-bee
results in feeding them. ‘Thus this family have for a time a great ad-
vantage in the struggle for existence and there is a perfectly adequate
motive for the conduct of the kind little creatures. who minister to the
wants of the mother-bee.

Sull this happy familv is not precisely the foundation of our modern
bee-hive; it is really too affluent for complete success,

The mother-bee, no longer overworked, recovers her health and un-
fortunately lays perfect eggs; with the help of the nursemaids she rears
her young without overtaxing her powers. Her family and any others
like it have very decided advantages over the old type, to which never-
theless they inevitably revert, to fall into a state of starvation as before;
for, in this family, the nursemaids have and can have, no probable suc-
cessors while there is plenty to eat.

If this happens to one family of bees, it will probably happen to many
families. The temporary affluence of one family caused by the pre-
sence of the helpers will itself increase the depth of poverty in the neigh-
boring families, and this poverty will give them helpers in undeveloped
bees in the next generation, by which in turn they will be raised to af
fluence. Thus there will be alternating generations of bees, that is to
say generations with helpers, followed by generations without them.

Among those that go forth from the mother-nest to find mates and
rear families of their own, are some that are congenitally weak in the re-
productive organs. The majority of these meet with sound mates and
the variation dies out. But some individuals thus congenitally imper-
fect, meet with like mates, The congenital weakness of the reproductive
organs is intensified in the offspring. The majority are perhaps so im-
perfect as not to be able to reproduce their kind. Any of these that
reach maturity will be glad helpers of the mother-bee.

Their less imperfect brothers and sisters are defective in many de-
grees, The offspring of one never reach maturity. Those of another
nearly all thrive and there are a dozen reproductive females among them,

In their migrations at swarming time these bees sometimes become
established near less affluent families, congenitally perfect, and are some-
times crossed with them,

Here we have the bees in a condition of the greatest variability as

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. Tk

to reproductive powers, but all of those that are getting on well in the
world have among their offspring some that cannot reproduce, and help-
ers are consequently numerous.

About this time the paupers are established as a distinct variety.
Sick and discouraged with the unsuccessful battle of life, they are more
or less tolerated in the affluent families of their neighbors. But when
they have recovered their bodily strength, they have not also regained
their mental balance. They have become accustomed to a life of toler-
ated dependence; so they live in the nest and lay eggs to be reared by
their industrious neighbors. Sometimes the imposition becomes too
great for good nature to stand and there may bea terrible slaughter of
the innocent paupers and their offspring. ‘The ones however that most
nearly resemble the useful members of the community escape destruction
and thus are established the Cuckoo-Bees, their similation of virtue being
ever the closer as indignation increases at their vice.

The varieties become extremely numerous; many of them however
becoming rapidly extinct. At first in all families where there are help-
ers there are almost or perhaps quite as many undeveloped males; but
this being for bees, a hurtful variation the tendency of natural selection
is to their diminution. On the whole those families are the most suc-
cessful in which there are the largest number of undeveloped females.

All this time experience is being gathered in the mothers and differ-
entiated and stored in their systems, to re-appear as instinct and_ intelli-
gence in the offspring.

Sometimes the most affluent families come to want, and perfect fe-
males are dwarfed in their reproductive organs by scarcity of food and
are only capable of being helpers.

From all this diversity there is at last a type evolved which is on
the whole the best for the majority of the bees. This type is one in-
volving a degree of imperfection in the reproductive organs of all offspring
unless highly stimulating food in large quantity is supplied from a very
early stage of growth. ‘Thus the normal product is simply a helper and
the number of males and females in proportion to the number of helpers
and the food supply is a matter entirely under the control, not of chance
nor of the mother, but of the community. ‘This then, I think, is the
foundation of the Hive-Hee family, the highest type of the flying Hy-
menoptera.

As instinct enlarges and intelligence increases, the helpers take
more and more upon themselves the care of the household. ‘They be-
come pre-eminently the workers, and their officious interference is con-
tinually stopping the mother-bee’s toil, and stuffing her with the best

food they can obtain. She gives herself up more and more exclusively
to the work of reproduction, and her powers increase till she becomes
capable of changing food into eggs and individually starting a hundred
thousand existences in her single lifetime.

Between this highest type of the bee and the lowest, we find several
hundred varieties all capable of explanation, either as progressive or re-
trogressive, developments from our primitive bee. Many of them are
highly specialized in their social habits, and it seems to me that all those
that have two fully developed sexes and one or more undeveloped sexes,
must neccessarily have thrift, intelligence and love, as the foundation with-
out which it is impossible that such creatures should of themselves build
up such a singular condition.

It seems to me that hunger, something approaching starvation, is
necessary as a beginning of the specialization. Now we all know that
from their capacity to increase with enormous rapidity, some insects are
subject to great vicissitudes in the matter of food. The locusts, for in-
stance, increase in numbers till having eaten everything in their native
habitat, they leave it in dense masses that obscure the heavens, and which
devastate vast regions. Of the next brood, immensely more vast in
numbers than even these, comparatively a small remnant reach maturity,
and scarcely any reproduce their kind. The race grows up again from
the few starved individuals too weak to leave the old habitat and of which
a few managed to survive long enough to lay some eggs. Those doubt-
less produce many imperfect insects, but these specializations are not use-
ful to the race in this case, and they cannot survive. I think it likely
however, that man could specialize locusts and many other insects in this
way without difficulty. Ithink it likely that he could with great care
so specialize fish and possibly fowls and with great patience and much
difficulty some of the mammals. I think also that if mules were from a
thrifty hoarding stock like squirrels they would be in the habit of feeding
the old mare as the workers feed the mother-bee. But while it may be
allowable to mention these as interesting possibilities | do not propose to
discuss them in this paper.

There is another element which is, I think, very important in fixing
the definite type of the workers, and whicn I had intended to discuss.
But while I think that element important in the bee and_ perhaps abso-
lutely necessary for the still higher specialization of the ant, I think also
that a permanent body of workers is necessarily evolved from the condi-
tions which I have assumed as natural and proper to the primitive bee.

To recapitulale in few words:

—72—

I presuppose a primitive bee fertile and affectionate, hoarding and
intelligent.

I show that great want will necessarily diminish the number of
her eggs.

That it will render some eggs imperfect by deranging the repro-
ductive organs of the mother.

That consequently some of the offspring will be defective in the re-
producing organs.

That while other imperfect bees will generally die before maturity,
those imperfect only in the reproductive organs, will live if the perfect
offspring live.

That some of these being incapable of mating, will not go away for
that purpose, but will stay with the mother-bee.

_ That having surplus energy to expend, they will use it in accord-
ance with the instinct of the race, in gathering and storing food.

‘That the surplus food will be utilized by the mother-bee, and that
therefore this family will be affluent.

‘That being affluent the formerly overtaxed mother will recover her
health, and that her offspring will thereafter be perfect.

That consequently these nursemaid-bees will have no successors,
and the family will therefore be again reduced to want.

That some bees of the same hatch with the nursemaids will be con-
genitally imperfect notwithstanding that they leave the mother and find
mates.

That the offspring of congenitally imperfect bees will be extremely
variable.

That some of this offspring will be unable to reproduce and _ that
they will remain with the mother-bee as nursemaids or helpers.

That these helpers from the congenital imperfections of their moth-
ers will have successors; substantially as is seen among the hive-bees
and the humble-bees of the present day, and

That the variation thus started will eventually be reduced to a given
type or types—by the survival of the fittest.

That whatever other circumstances may aid in producing the result
in question, this is sufficient of itself to account for the specialization of
the bee and the ant into females, males and workers.

Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North
American Beetles, published in 1883—84.

By SaMuUEL HeEnsHAw.

(Continued from p. 48.)

Blac e le cleries

CICINDELIDAE.

Omus ambiguus Schaupp 142 p. 121 Cal.—Cicindela perviridis (var.) Schaupp
141 p. 79 Cal. Or. Ut. Newfld.; C. nigrior (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 79 Geo.; C. Hornii
Schaupp 141 p. 80, pro anthracina |] Horn; C. graminea (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 80,
Kans, Cal.; C. pacifica (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 84 Cal. Ut. Nev.; C. scabrosa (var. )
Schaupp 141 p. 84 Fla.; C. Laurentii (var.) Schaupp 141 p. $7 Cal.; C. tenuicincta
(var.) Schaupp 142 p. 122 Col.: C. lunalonga Schaupp 142 p. 122 Cal.

CARABIDAE.

Bembidium vinnulum Casey 9 p. 15 Ariz.—Tachys litoralis Casey 9 p. 15, N. J.
Trechus hydropicus Horn 76 p. 273 Va.—Anophthalmus audax Horn 76 p. 272
Ronald’s Cave.—Pterostichus zephyrus Casey 9 p. 2 no loc.; P. osculans Casey 9
p. 2 no loc.— Amara apachensis Casey 9 p. 3 Ariz.; A. marylandica Casey 9 p. 4
Md.; A. pallida Casey 9 p. 5 N.Y.; A. ferruginea Casey 9 p. 5 N. J.—Metabola vi-
vida Bates 43 p. 298 Ariz. Mex. N. Son.—Dercylinus (nm. gy.) Chaud. 13 p. 525 pro
Evolenes impressa Lec.—Discoderus robustus Horn 72 p. 52 Ariz.—Harpalus lustrans
Casey 7 p. 64 pro lucidus |] Lec.; H. opacus Casey 9 p. 8 Pa.; H. manhaitanis Ca-ey
9p.9N.Y., H. vespertinus Casey 9 p. 10 Ariz,; H. placidus Casey 9 p. 10 N.Y.;
H. convictor Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y.; H. canonicus Casey 9 p. 12 R.J.; H. lustralis
Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y.; H. enescens Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y. R. I.—Selenophorus zeneo-
piceus Casey 9 p. 13 Ariz.-—Stenolophus gracilis Casey 9 p. 14 Ariz.—Amerinus (7. 4.)
Casey 9 p. 7 pro Bradycellus linearis Lec.—Bradycellus lucidus Casey 9 p. 8 Ariz.—-
Tachycellus Kirbyi Horn 71 p. 51 Ont. Ohio. —Anisodactylus arizonze Casey 9 p. 6
Ariz..—Pseudomorpha angustata Horn 70 p. 16; 76 p, 274 Ariz.

DY TISCIDAE.
Laccophilus lateralis Horn 76 p. 282 Ariz-—-Hydroporus palliatus Horn 76 p.
283 Cal.; H. picturatus Horn 76 p. 283 W. Nev.; H. quadriniaculatus Horn 76 p,
284 W. Nev. —Graphoderes occidentalis Horn 76 p. 281 Cal. W.T.
GY RINIDAE.
Gyrinus canadensis Regimbart 112 p. 159 Amer. bor. Ca.; G. corpulentus Re-
gimbart 112 p. 178 Amer. bor.—Dineutes analis Regimbar't 112 p. 216 La. Tex.
SILPHIDAE.
Triarthron pennsylvanicum Horn 76 p. 284 Pa.
PSELAPHIDAE.
Tychus testaceus Casey 9 p. 31 Mass. N.Y. Mich.—bryaxis gracilis Casey 9 p.
32 Mich.; b. inopia Casey 9 p. 33 Fla.

STAPHYLINIDAE.,

Tithanis (n. g.) Casey 9 p. 16 pro Aleochara valida Lec.—Emplenota (n. 4.)
Casey 9 p. 17; maritima Casey 9 p. 17 N. J.—Myrmedonia Fauveli Sharp 43 p. 199
N. Amer, U. St. Mex. —Philonthus sericinus Horn 83 p, 182 Ca, Pa, Tex.; P. nites-
cens Horn 83 p, 182 Vance. W.T. Cal.; P. alutaceus Horn 83 p. 183 Cal.;_ P. per-
vervus Horn 83 p. 183 Vanc.; P. bucephalus Horn 83 p. 184 Cal. Vanc.; P. gentilis
Horn 83 p. 185 Ariz.; P. asper Horn 83 p, 185 Pa. D.C.; Pb. irinus Horn 83 p. 186
Tex.; P. semiruber Horn 83 p. 187 Cal. Ariz.;_ P. basalis Horn 83 p. 187 Col. B.
Amer. Wy.; P. gracilicornis Horn 83 p. 190 Ariz.; P. pubes Horn 83 p. 182 W.T.
Ney.; P. grandicollis Horn 83 p. 193 Cal. Vanc.; P. puberulus Horn 83 p. 193 Cal.
Ariz.; P. quadricollis Horn 83 p. 194 N.Y. to Mo. Mich.; P. Theveneti Horn 83 p.
194 Cal. Nev.; P. innocuus Horn 83 p. Ig9 Ariz. P. occidentalis Horn 83 p. 200
Col. Ut. Ind. Terr. Wy.; P. Schwarzi Horn 83 p. 201 Mass. Mich.; P. hudsonicus
Horn 83 p. 201 Ca. H. B. Terr.; P. Pettiti Horn 83 p. 201 W.T. Cal.; P. triangu-
lum Horn 83 p. 202 W.T. Nev. Cal.; P. ferreipennis Horn 83 p. 202 W.T. Cal.; P.
caurinus Horn 83 p. 203 Vanc. to Cal.; P. Crotchi Horn 3% p. 203 Vane. to Ariz. ;
P. arizonensis Horn 83 p. 203 no loc.; P. cunctans Horn 83 p, 205 D.C.; P. eequalis
Horn 83 p. 205 Ca. L. Sup.; P. quediinus Horn 83 p. 209 Mich. Kans.; P. filicornis
Horn 83 p. 210 Nev.; P. versutus Horn 83 p. 211 Cal.;_ P. distans Horn 83 p. 211
Vance. Nev.; P. fallaciosus Horn 83 p. 212 Mass, Pa.; P. brevipennis Horn 83 p. 212
L. Sup.; P. crassulus Horn 83 p. 213 Nev.; P. clunalis Horn 83 p, 213 Cal.; P. par-
vus Horn 83 p. 214 Ariz.; P. bidentatus Horn 83 p. 214 Cal. Vanc. W.T.; P. virilis
Horn 83 p. 215 Vanc.; P. punctatellus Horn 83 p. 215 H. B. Terr. Nev.; P. mi-
crophthalmus Horn 83 p. 216 Vanc. to N. Eng. & Va.;_ P. decipiens Horn 83 p. 217
Cal.; P. instabilis Horn 83 p. 218 Col. Wy.; P. picicornis Horn 83 p. 218 Nev.; P.
serpentinus Horn 83 p. 219 Ky.; P. quadrulus Horn 83 p. 221 Cal. Ariz.; P. viri-
danus Horn 83 p. 221 Middle States W. to Mo.; P. Lecontei Horn 83 p. 222 Cal.
Col. ; P. aurulentus Horn 83 p. 222 W.T. b. Col. Col. Mich. Ky,; P. inversus Horn
83 p. 239 Col.—Actobius nanus Horn 83 p. 225 Ca. Mich. N. Engl.; A. inutilis Horn
83 p. 225 Mich. N. Engl.; A. fraterculus Horn 83 p, 226 N. Ill. Mich.; A. senilis
Horn 83 p. 226 Col. Nev. Cal.; A. infimus Horn 83 p, 227 Cal.; A. ocreatus Horn
83 p. 228 Cal.; A. patella Horn 83 p. 229 Mich. N.Y.; A. loxatus Horn 83 p. 229
D.C,; A. puncticeps Horn 83 p. 230 Cal.; A. parcus Horn 83 p. 230 Mich. to D.C.;
A. pusio Horn 83 p. 230 Col.; A. jocosus Horn 83 p. 232 Del. N.C.; A. jucundus
Horn 83 p. 232 5. C.; A. elegantulus Horn 83 p. 232 Cal. Ariz.—Cafius seminitens
Horn 83 p. 236 Cal.; C. luteipennis Horn 83 p. 237 Cal.

Dianous zephyrus Casey 10 p. 11 Vanc. B. Col.—Stenus punctiger Casey 10 p.
13 Col.; S. gemmeus Casey 10 p. 18 Geo.; 5S. bilentigatus Casey 10 p. 19 Va.; 5.
sculptilis Casey 10 p. 22 Nev. Cal. W.T.; S. laccophilus Casey 10 p. 23 Ont.; S. ver-
ticosus Casey 10 p. 25 Vanc. W.T.; S. tristis Casey 10 p. 27 Cal.; S. Austini Casey
10 p. 28 N. H. L. Sup. B. Col.; S. ranops Casey 10 p. 29 S. States; S. delawarensis
Casey 10 p. 30 Middle States; S sectator Casey 10 p. 31 W. T.; S. zunicus Casey 10
p. 32 Ariz.; S. tacome Casey 10 p. 34 W.T.; S. strangulatus Casey 10 p. 39 N.Y.
Mich.; S. tenuis Casey 10 p. 40 Ont. Mass.; S. difficilis Casey 10 p. 41 Middle States
Mass. Ont.; S. Pettiti Casey 10 p. 42 Ont. Middle States; S. scrupeus Casey 10 p. 43
Ont. L. Sup.; S. intrusus Casey 10 p. 44 Mass. Mich. Ca.; S. rugifer Casey 10 p. 47
Col.; S,. anastomozan Casey 10 p, 48 N. H.; S. shoshonis Casey 10 p. 49 W.T.; S,
insularis Casey 10 p. 50 Vanc. B. Col.; S. vexatus Casey 10 p. 51 W.T.; S. Schwarzi
Casey 10 p. 52 Mass.; S. pauper Casey 10 p. 53 Mass.; S. subtilis Casey 10 p. 54
Mich, ; S, indigens Casey 10 p. 55 Mass.; S. simplex Casey 10 p. 56 Or.; S, vicinus

Casey 10 p. 57 D.C. Pa. Ala.; S. ingratus Casey 10 p. 58 Mich.; S. neglectus Casey
10 p. 59 Mass. Ont. Ill. Neb.; S. scabrosus Casey 10 p. 60 L. Sup.; S. vespertinus
Casey 10 p. 61 W.T.; S. convictor Casey 10 p. 62 W.T.; S. confusus Casey 10 p. 63
Mich.; S. inornatus Casey 10 p. 64 Mass. Mich, L. Sup.; 5. placidus Casey 10 p. 65
Mich.; S. mendax Casey 10 p. 66 Mass.; S. eriensis Casey 10 p. 67 Mich.; S. sphzer-
ops Casey 10 p. 68 Mass.; 5. militaris Casey 10 p. 69 L. Sup.; S. pluto Casey 10 p.
70 Mass.; S. incultus Casey 10 p. 71 Ariz.; S. corvus Casey 10 p. 72 B. Col. Cal.; S.
montanus Casey 10 p. 74 N. H.; S. costalis Casey 10 p 77 Nev. Cal.; S. alveolatus
Jasey 10 p. 78 Nev.; 5. ellipticus Casey 10 p. 79 Cal.; S. adelops Casey 10 p. 80
N. Cal.; 5S, luctuosus Casey 10 p. 81 Cal. Nev. B. Col.; S. pusio Casey 10 p. 82
Mass. Ca. L. Sup.; S. nanulus Casey 10 p. 83 B. Col.; S. atomarius Casey 10 p. 84
Mich, Mass. ; S. virginize Casey 10 p. 87 Va.; S. texanus Casey 10 p. 88 Tex. West.
States; 5. venustus Casey 10 p. 89 no loc.; S. occidentalis Casey 10 p.,g0 B. Col.; S.
pacificus Casey 10 p. 91 Cal.; 5S. abstrusus Casey 10 p. 92 N.Y. N.J.; S. arizone
Casey 10 p. 93 Ariz. Tex.; S. integer Casey 10 p. 94 Mass.; S$ floridanus Casey 10
p. 95 Fla.; S. mammops Casey 10 p. 97 Mass. L. Sup. Col. B, Col. &e.; 8S. gravidus
Casey 10 p. 98 Mass.; S. animatus Casey 10 p. 99 L. Sup.; S. tumicollis Casey 10
p- 100 Mich.; S. carinicollis Casey 10 p. 101 Mich L. Sup.; S. insignis Casey 10 p.
102 Cal.; S. dolosus Casey 10 p. 108 Col.; S. villosus Casey 10 p. 10g Cal. ; 8. secti-
lifer Casey 10 p. 110 D.C.; S. milleporus Casey 10 p. 111 N.Y. Geo. Fla.; S. jejunus
Casey 10 p. 112 B. Col.; S. vinnulus Casey 10 p. 112 Mass. L. Sup. Mich.; S. caro-
linze Casey 10 p. 116 Ala. Fla.; S. ageus Casey 10 p. 116 Mass,; S. pudicus Casey
10 p. 117 L. Sup.; S. minor Casey 10 p. 118 Mich.; S. rigidus Casey 10 p. 119
Mass.; S. incertus Casey 10 p. 120 Neb.; S. parallelus Casey 10 p. 121 Mass.; S.
noctivagus Casey 10 p. 121 N. H.; S. luculentus Casey 10 p. 122 Cal.; S. juvencus
Casey 10 p. 123 Mich.; S, pauperculus Casey 10 p. 124 Mich.?; S. haplus Casey 10
p. 125 Mich.; S. enodis Casey 10 p. 126 Col.; S. dives Casey 10 p. 127 Cal.; S. sub-
griseus Casey 10 p. 127 Cal. B. Col.; S. terricola Casey 10 p. 128 Nev.; S. mundulus
Casey 10 p. 129 W.T.; S. tuberculatus Casey 10 p. 129 Fla.; S. indistinct-
us Casey 10 p. 130 Mich.; S, brumalis Casey 10 p. 131 Mich.: S. gratiosus Casey
10 p. 133 Mich.; S. monticola Casey 10 p. 134 N.H.; S. curtus Casey 10 p. 135
Mich.; 5S, alacer Casey 10 p. 135 Fla. Tex. Ariz. Col. S. Ill.; S. hirsutus Casey 10
p. 137 Mich.; S. vestalis Casey 10 p. 138 Cal.; S. tahcensis Casey 10 p. 139 Nev.;
5. nimbosus Casey 10 p. 139 Col ;_ S. pugetensis Casey 10 p. 140 W.T.; S. vacuus
Casey 10 p. 141 Cal.; S. amicus Casey 10 p. 142 Col.; S, exilis Casey 10 p. 143
Cal.; S. californicus Casey 10 p. 145 Cal. Nev.; S. gila Casey 10 p. 146 Ariz.; S.
dispar Casey 10 p. 147 Mass. Tex. D.C. Kans,

Areus (n. g.) Casey 10 p. 150; A. retrusus Casey 10 p. 154 B. Col.; A. fraternus
Casey 10 p. 155 Wy. L. Sup.; A. umbratilis Casey 10 p. 156 B. Col.; A. croceatus
Casey 10 p. 158 Neb. Mich. L. Sup. N.Y. D.C.; A. advena Casey 10 p. 158 L. Sup.;
A. europs Casey 10 p, 160 Md. Va.; A. megalops Casey 10 p. 161 Fla.;_ A. lugens
Casey 10 p. 161 Mass.; A. plicipennis Casey 10 p. 162 B. Col.; A. agnatus Casey 10
p. 163 B. Col.; A. Sayi Casey 10 p. 164 Cal.; A. amabilis Casey 10 p. 166 Del.; A.
perforatus Casey 10 p, 169 Ariz.; A. nitescens Casey 10 p. 170 Fla.; A. pollens
Casey 10 p. 172 W.T. Cal.; A. patens Casey 10 p. 172 Col.; A. reconditus Casey
10 p. 173 Mass. L. Sup. Iowa; A. propinquus Casey 10 p. 174 N.H.; A. canadensis
Casey 10 p. 175 Ont. N.Ill.; A. pinguis Casey 10 p. 177 B. Col. W.T. Or. Nev.
Cal.; A. utenis Casey 10 p. 178 Col.; A. trajectus Casey 10 p- 179 Col.; A. papa-
gonis Casey 10 p. 180 Ariz.; A. obsoletus Casey 10 p. 181 Ont.; A, artus Casey 10

p. 182 N.Y.; A. dilutus Casey 10 p. 184 La.; A. meridionalis Casey 10 p. 185 Fla.;
A, varipes Casey 10 p. 187 Mich.; A. dissentiens Casey 10 p. 190 L. Sup.; A. Hub-
bardi Casey 10 p. 191 L.Sup.; A. letulus 10 p. 192 Cal.; A. leviceps Casey 10 p.
193 B. Col.: A. politulus Casey 10 p. 193 B. Col.; A. simiolus Casey 10 p. 194 L.
Sup.; A, pertinax Casey 10 p. 195 Wy.; A. lucidus Casey 10 p. 196 Cal.
Euzesthetus brevipennis Casey 9 p. 20 Mich.; E. punctatus Casey 9 p. 21 Fla.; E.
floridee Casey 9 p. 21 Fla.; EK. similis Casey 9 p. 22 Fla.; FE. mundulus Casey 9 p.
23 Mass.; E. robustulus Casey 9 p. 24 Mass.;_ E. iripennis Casey 9 p. 25 Ohio; FE.
texanus Casey 9 p. 26 Tex.; E. atomus Casey 9 p. 28 Fla.—Fdaphus carinatus
Casey 9 p. 30 D.C.; FE. luculentus Casey 9 p. 31 D.C.—Lithocharis tabacina Casey
7 p- 65 no loc.
TRICHOPTERYGIDAE.,

Ptilium Hornianum Matthews 102 p. 143 Tex.—Ptenidium speculifer Matthews

102 p. 151 Mass.; P. Ulkei Matthews 102 p. 151 D.C.
CUCUJIDAE.

Silvanus gilze Casey 8 p. 73 Ariz._-Lzemophlzus terminalis Casey 8 p. 83 Tex.;
L. floridanus Casey 8 p. 85 Fla.; L. Horni Casey 8 p. 89 Cal.; L. rotundicollis Casey
8 p. 89 S.C.; L. quadratus Casey 8 p. 90 Gulf States; L. Schwarzi Casey 8 p. 91
Fla. D.C.; L. extricatus Casey 8 p. 92 Mo.; L. pubescens Casey 8 p. 93 Cal.; L.
truncatus Casey 8 p. 93 Mich.; L. denticornis Casey 8 p. 94 Tex.— Lathropus pubes-
cens Casey 8 p. 96 Cal.— Dysmerus (n.g.) Casey 8 p. 97; basalis Casey 8 p. 97 Fla.
Telephanus Lecontei Casey 8 p. 103 Ariz.

HISTERIDAE.
Hister gentilis Horn 76 p. 285 Ariz.—Echinodes decipiens Horn 76 p. 286 Ariz.
NITIDULIDAE.
Carpophilus zuni Casey 9 p. 34 Ariz.—Epurzea papagona Casey 9 p. 35 Ariz.
BUPRESTIDAE.
Gyascutus carolinensis Horn 76 p. 288 N.C.
CIOIDAE.
Ennearthron californicum Casey 9 p. 36 Cal.; FE. unicolor Casey 9 p. 37 N.Y.
SCARABAEIDAE.,
Lachnosterna subpruinosa Casey 9 p. 38 Atlantic States.—Anomala oblivia Horn

81 p. 163 Pa. to Geo,
CERAMBYCIDAE.

Phymatodes ater Lec. 96 p. 100 N.Y.— Peecilobrium (n.g.) Horn 77 p. 11.
CHRYSOMELIDAE.
Cryptocephalus ellipsoidalis Casey 7 p. 66 Mass. N.Y.—Disonycha pulchra Casey
9 p. 31 Pa.; D. arizonz Casey 9 p. 52 Ariz.—Chzetocnema paupercula Casey 9 p. 53
N.Y.—Psylliodes extricata Casey 9 p. 54 N.J.; P. zenescens Casey 9 p. 55 N.Y.
Microrhopala dimidiata Horn 76 p. 292 Tex.; M. vulnerata Horn 76 p. 292 Ariz. ;
M. montana Horn 76 p. 294 Mont.—Odontota californica Horn 76 p. 297 Cal. Ariz.;
O. gracilis Horn 76 p. 298 Tex.—Charistena perspicua Horn 76 p. 298 Ariz. N.Mex.
Octotoma marginicollis Horn 76 p. 300 Ill. S.C, Tex.—Stenopodius (n.g.) Horn 76
p. 301; flavidus Horn 76 p, 301 Cal, Ariz.
TENEBRIONIDAE.
Eurymetopon piceum Casey 9 p. 40 Ariz.; E. emarginatum Casey 9 p. 41 Ariz. ;
E. papagonum Casey 9 p. 42 Ariz.; E. carbonatum Casey 9 p. 43 Ariz.; E. sculptile
Casey 9 p. 44 Ariz.; E. dubium Casey 9 p. 44 Ariz.—Emmenastus nanulus Casey 9

—77— :

p. 45 Cal.—Asida macra Horn 76 p. 304 N.Mex. Ariz.—Coniontis elliptica Casey 9
p- 46 Cal.—Eusattus politus Horn 76 p. 304 Cal.—Eleodes arcuata Casey 9 p. 47
Ariz,—Platydema pernigrum Casey 9 p. 49 Ariz.; P. parvulum Casey 9 p. 50 N.Y.;
P. opaculum Casey 9 p. 51 Pa.

MORDELLIDAE.

Mordella carinata Smith 152 p. 3 Fla. Tex. La,; M. flaviventris Smith 152 p. 3
Tex. Fla.—Mordellistena conformis Smith 152 p. 4 Tex.; M. hirticula Smith 152 p. 4
Tex. La.; M. immaculata Smith 152 p. 5 D.C.; M. erratica Smith 151 p. 80 Fla.;
M. tarsalis Smith 151 p. 80 Tex.; M. pratensis Smith 151 p. 80 Fla.

ANTHICIDAE.

Corphyra flabellata Horn 76 p. 306 W.Nev.—Noxotus nuperus Horn 82 p. 168
Ariz. Mex. Kans.; N. calcaratus Horn 82 p. 170 Nev. Ariz. L. Cal.; N. denudatus
Horn 82 p. 173 Cal.

MELOIDAE.

Cantharis gentilis Horn 76 p. 311 N.Mex. Ariz.; C. occipitalis Horn 76 p. 312
Cal.; C. incommoda Horn 76 p. 312 Cal.—Calospasta viridis Horn 76 p. 312 Col.
N. Mexico.

CURCULIONIDAE.

Apion vespertinum Casey 7 p. 67 Cal.; A. erraticum Smith 153 p. 44 Tex. Iowa;
A. obsoletum Smith 153 p. 44 Dac. Mich. Ca.; A. erythrocerum Smith 153 p. 44
Kans. Middle States D.C. Tenn.; A. robustum Smith 153 p. 45 Tex. Mo. Iowa; A.
punctinasum Smith 153 p. 46; Wy. Dac. Col.; A. parallelum Smith 153 p. 47 D.C.
Tenn,; A. estriatum Smith 153 p. 47 Ca; Col. Tex.; A. ovale Smith 153 p. 47 Mo.
Cal.; A. impunctistriatum Smith 153 p. 48 Tex. D.C.; A. desolatum Smith 153 p.
48 Geo.; A. sordidum Smith 153 p. 48 Utah; A. floridanum Smith 153 p. 49 Fla.
Cal. Ariz. Ia, D.C.; A. obesum Smith 153 p. 49 Mich. Tex.; A. parvulum Smith
153 p. 49 Middle States; A. atriceps Smith 153 p. 49 Geo. Fla. Cal.; A. minutum
Smith 153 p. 50 Fla. N.Y.; A. opacicolle Smith 153 p. 50 Cal. Ariz. Or.; A. texa-
num Smith 158 p. 51 Tex,; A. ellipticum Smith 153 p. 51 Neb. La.; A. californicum
Smith 153 p. 52 Cal.; A. decoloratum Smith 153 p. 52 D.C. N.C. Ariz. Md. Va.; A.
concoloratum Smith 153 p. 52 Cal. W.Va. Geo. Mich. Fla.; A. carinatum Smith 153
p. 52 Fla. Tex. Neb.; A. brevicolle Smith 153 p, 53 Cal. Tex. Ariz.; A. typicum
Smith 153 p. 53 Cal.; A. abdominale Smith 153 p. 53 Ariz. Ill. D.C.; A. antenna-
tum Smith 153 p. 53 Cal. Ariz.; A. cordatum Smith 153 p. 54 Cal.. A. capitatum
Smith 153 p. 54 Mich. Neb. Or.; A. oblitum Smith 153 p. 54 Col. Cal. Tex. Kans.
Fla.; A. turbulentum Smith 153 p. 56 Middle States Tex. Cal.; A. minor Smith 153
p. 56 Cal, La.; A. dilatatum Smith 153 p. 56 Ariz.; A. herculanum Smith 153 p. 56
Pa. N.Y. D.C. Mass.; A. pyriforme Smith 153 p. 57 Ariz.; A. Walshii Smith 153
p- 57 pro lanuginosum |] Walsh; A. vicinum Smith 153 p. 58 Col. Cal. N.Y. D.C.;
A. modestum Smith 153 p. 58 Ariz. Kans. Fla.; A. perminutum Smith 153 p. 59
‘Vex. Geo D.C, Mass.; A. griseum Smith 153 p. 59 Middle, South & West. States;
A. fraternum Smith 153 p. 60 South, & West. States; A. varicorne Smith 153 p. 60
South. & West. States; A. extensum Smith 153 p. 61 Mont. Kans.; A. zneipenne
Smith 153 p. 61 D.C.; A. contusum Smith 153 p. 61 Dac.; A. tenuirostrum Smith
153 p. 62 Tex. Kans. Neb. D.C,; A. attenuatum Smith 153 p. 62 Kans.; A. con-
fertum Smith 153 p. 63 West. & South, States; A. patruele Smith 153 p. 64 U.S.

Podapion (n. g.) Riley 118 p. 61; gallicola Riley 118 p. 62 D.C., L. Sup. Mass.
Tyloderma nigrum Casey 9 p. 56 N Ill.; T. punctatum Casey 9 p. 57 N.Y.—Balan-
inus obtusus Blanchard 3 p. 107 N.H. Mass. Tex. Neb.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 12

‘

. aie

Notes and News.

In the Vol. of the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitschrift for 1884,
which has just come to hand, we note that our good friend Dr. Horn
has also been elected honorary member of that society. It gives another
proof of the high standing Dr. Horn has made for himself.

* * -
*

Early this spring I found under the bark of a tree a specimen of
Coptocycla aurichalcea as bright and glittering as evera specimen I saw in
life. It was perfectly dry, and a mere shell and had evidently been dead
a long time, In no collections I have ever seen, have I found any speci-
mens at all approaching the living insect in beauty. I mentioned this
to Drs. Hagen and Horn, at Cambridge, recently, and Dr. Horn says
both Dr. Leconte and himself had tried in every way to restore or pre-
serve the color of this insect, without success: he suggests that the living
insects be confined, kept perfectly dry, and allowed to die of starvation
and possibly in that way fine cabinet specimens might be obtained. Dr.
Hagen says that a drop of Glycerine under the elytra preserved their
lustre for some time but eventually they became dull. Will our Coleop-
terological friends try their hands at this during the coming season and
report success?

* *
*

In Can. Ent, XVI p. 131, Miss Murtfeldt gavesomenotes on “A/acus
cinctus, Tepper”. In Mrs. Fernald’s collection I saw recently, a pair of
A. splendidus De Beauv. labelled A. cemctus, and received from Miss
Murtfeldt. The remarks in the Can. Ent. must therefore be considered
as notes on A. spiendidus, the determination (credited to Prof. Riley by
the bye,) being erroneous. SZ/endidus is credited to our fauna in Mr.
Grote’s list of 1882; but I have never seen a specimen from the U.S. and
do not remember having seen any note of its being found north of Mex-
ico. Still it is very likely that it will yet occur near the border.

From cimctus the species is readily distinguished by the shape of the
transparent spots, which in splendidus take the form of an elongate tri-
angle, or arrow head, and extend to and sometimes cross the outer
median line: in czmcfus on the contrary the spots are smaller, not regu-
larly triangular but more rounded; those of secondaries of an irregular
diamond shape: they never cross and rarely even touch the outer median
line. Other characters are not wanting to separate the species, but those
above mentioned are the most obvious. The error in determination was
a very natural one, as Mr. Tepper had but recently figured the species,
and a cursory comparison with the figure would indicate identity.

* *
*

Newark, N. J., now has an Entomological Society with about 15
members. Some of our Newark friends are excellent collectors, and
will no doubt be heard from before long. We wish them good luck and
prosperity.

* * *

Early in June we had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Thaxter and his
collections at Kittery Point and obtained some hints on collecting at
light. One point may be interesting, and that is that Noctuids always
fly against the wind, and unless your light is placed so that they can fly
thus to get to it, your success will be small.

* *
*

In Dr. Horn’s Scotocryptus paper in our last number, p. 51, is
“‘Aglyptus 4—3—3 g' &”. The “Q” is owing to a slip of the pen, and
should be omitted.

* *

*

Dr. Goding, of Ancona, IIl., writes us ‘‘Having read Mr. Stretch’s
article” ‘Anal appendages of Leucarctia acrea’, (Papilio II], 41), I was
interested in the capture of a specimen of Crenucha fulvicollis while the
insect was in the act of protruding similar appendages. These ‘anal
antennz’ were about ¢ of an inch long, of a milk white color, and cover-
ed with short yellowish gray hairs, very closely resembling a lamp chim-
ney cleaner” as observed by Mr. Stretch.

The insect was captured while flying around a lighted lantern, the
appendages being plainly seen by quite a number of persons. I have
never observed these organs in the insect mentioned by Mr. Stretch.”

This is interesting as showing similarity of structure between the
_ Arctide and this species, classed as one of the Zygenid@. Will our friends
all over the country watch the insects they attract to light, and find
whether any other species shows this peculiarity, the function of which is
not yet satisfactorily explained.

*

*

*

In an old (1879) foreign Journal I found recently a note of some
interest. A pair of An‘h, pernyi emerged from the cocoon together; next
morning they were found 7m corfu and so remained until 4 p.m. that day.
_ They then separated, the ¢/’ was removed and killed, and the @ began
ovipositing. About 6 p.m. another ¢/ emerged, which immediately and
before the wings were yet fully unfolded, sought the female and remained
m coitu until § a.M. next morning. The Q then continued the egg-laying
business and a@// the eggs proved fertile. The interesting point is, that
it controverts the accepted theory that a 9 once mated exercises no
further attraction to the Qf and is unmolested by them. Have any of
our readers observed similiar instances?

*

*
*

sO

The new Check list of Coleoptera, by Mr. Henshaw will be ready
for distribution some time in September. Mr. Henshaw has promised
to furnish manuscript for annual supplements, which will be published
in our Journal. What we need now, is an addition that will bring our
Lepidoptera lists up to date, and may-hap the present year has also that
in store for us.

* *
*

Lt. T. L. Casey has sent us $50 for a life-membership in the B’kIn.
Ent. Soc. This sum goes to our publication-fund. Will not some of
our other friends help us along in the same way?

* *
*

Mr. Curley’s paper, on a previous page, 1s an interesting contribu-
tion, and one deserving of study; many will not be inclined to agree
with him in his deductions; but it presents facts in a somewhat novel
light, and we are ready to receive criticisms.

rt ee ee

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. June 2, 1885.—Twenty persons present,
among them Dr. Geo. H. Horn, honorary member of the society; Mr. Cramer in
the chair.

A communication from Capt. D. H. Murdock, presenting the Society with
a small lot of Anthobium, was read by the Secretary.

Mr. Smith read a paper upon some structural peculiarities of the Zyacenide
and Bombycide, touching upon some points of correlation of habits and strue-
ture, and dwelling somewhat on the modifications of the genital organs of the
male. These structures it seemed probable would furnish characters of great
systematic value, and their modifications in the Noctuids were now being
studied by Prof. Riley and himself in the preparation of a monographie work on
the N. A. Noctuids. A system of classification of the Sphingide, Zyganide and
Bombycide was outlined, placing the Sphingid@ lower in the scale then at present
catalogued.

Dr. Horn illustrated some modifications of structure in Corphyra, referring
more especially to the <j‘ sexual pieces.

The balance of the evening was spent in discussing methods of collecting
on the sea-shore. Mr. Weeks had succeeded in taking quite a number of
Dyschirius pallipennis by digging on the site of a dried up pond until he found
water which he then poured over the old banks.

After informal discussion the Society adjourned until the first Tuesday of
September.

Will the members of the Society please collect during the season in all ord-
ers, outside of their specialities and turn over the material to me for the benefit
of the Society’s collection? Iam ready to receive donations to the cabinet at my
office, No. 4 Fletcher St., N.Y., or will call for specimens if notified.

CHAS. W. LENG, Curator.

AMERICANA

VOL, I. BROOKLYN, AUGUST, 1886. NO. 9.

An Introduction to a classification of the N.A. Lepidoptera.
By Joun B. Smiru.

(Continued from ‘‘Bulletin’’ VII, p. 141.)

In the previous papers of the series is given a synopsis of the families
of the Lepidoptera and a review of the genera of the Rhopalocera. The
present paper deals with the SpAzmgide which in our lists are catalogued
immediately after the Rhopalocera.

This group or division has had rather a hard time of it at the hands
of recent authors, no two lists being alike. Sometimes there would be
a dozen species to a genus, then a dozen genera each with one species,
and in the next list we would find as many genera, but with different
names, or the same genera differently applied. To straighten out the
confusion thus caused will be the task of the monographer of the group,
and is beyond the province of this paper; those names which are used in

{r. Grote’s most recent list will be used here, though not all. of the
genera are adopted and the sequence is changed.

On this point of sequence of genera, I have adopted an order based
on their structural relations. It is a matter of small importance
because the genera are interchangeably related, Arctonotus for in-
stance having the structural characters of both Pogocolon and Smerinthus,
while Detdamia unites Smerinthus with Sphinx. No linear classification
will therefore show the true relationship of the genera, and my scheme
is to begin with the most typical genus of the series and thence work to
that form most nearly like the following group. Iam unable to com-
prehend why Mr. Grote places the ‘‘Phalaenoides” (Smerznthides) between
the ‘‘Eumorphee” (PAz/ampelus and allies) and the ‘‘Manducz” (Sphinges)

can

for they are entirely out of place there and the ‘‘Manduce” and ‘‘Eu-
morphe” are certainly closely enough related.

The Sphingidze are distinguished by their usually large size, plump
robust bodies, usually long, conic and cylindrical abdomen and prismatic
antenne. The venation has been figured in Vol. VII of the ‘‘Bulletin”
and the distinctive feature in that respect was found to be a distinct cross
vein, connecting the costal and subcostal of the secondaries, near base.
The wings of the typical Sphinges are usually rather narrow, long and
stiff, capable of great resistance to the air, as well as of rapid motion;
and the habits of the insects, or at least a large part of them, hovering
over a flower while feeding, requires such a structure. Usually they fly in
the early evening, though many, among them the AZacroghsse fly in the
hottest sunshine, and are often mistaken for humming birds. The Smer-
inthides on the contrary, incapable of feeding, are rarely taken, though
sometimes attracted to light.

‘The larve are usually furnished with a distinct caudal horn, or an
eye like spot denoting its usual position, though some species lack all
trace of it. Itis the habit of the larva also to rest with the thoracic seg-
ments raised, and somewhat curled, and this, giving them a fancied
resemblance to the Sphinx, is said to have prompted the name.

Among our forms two distinct groups may be distinguished. The
Sphinges, with long corneous tongue, prominent head, and rarely serrate
antennee, and the Smerimfhides with short weak membraneous tongue, re-
tracted head, usually serrate or pectinated antenne in the (j‘, and general-
ly angulated dentate or crenulate outer margin of forewings.

The true Sphinges, or those with long corneous tongue divide readi-
ly into two distinct series on the shape and proportion of the antenne.

In the Aacroglosse they are distinctly clavate toward the tip (which
is furnished with a small bent hook) and usually fully one half the length
of the primaries. In the others the antennz are either tolerably equal
throughout or they are thickest in the middle, tapering to each end.

Most, if not all the A/acroglosse are diurnal in their habits, flying
about flowers in the hottest sunshine.

Macroglossa (Hemaris) contains those of our species with more or
less transparent wings, and unarmed tibie.

Pogocolon (Pierogon) has opaque wings of much the same form as
Macroglossa but has spinose tibia, the anterior armed with a series of
Jong corneous claws at outer side and tip. I cannot separate Lepzsesza
from Pogocolon, and Luproserpinus also seems congeneric. These genera,
each containing a single species, have a somewhat different habitus from
that of the more typical Pogocolon, and serve to show the close relation-
ship of that genus to Macroglossa.

: —$3—

To some extent intermediate between the MZacroglosse and the
Sphinges are three genera which are aberrant wherever placed.

Amphion, Aellopos and Thyreus have no special relationship except
in the tufted abdomen. There is always a prominent anal tuft, and usu-
ally there are more or less distinct lateral tuftings. The tongue is strong
and the antennze are not clubbed.

Amphion is perhaps nearest te A/acroglossa and has a similar body
form; the ornamentation is also similar, but the primaries are excavated
below apex, and again below middle, and the hind angle is somewhat
prominent. The single species, wessws, is a very pretty one, with a nar-
row, clear yellow band across the abdomen.

Aellopos is somewhat depressed. The head is much more prominent
than either of the preceding, the antenne are remarkably slender, almost
setaceous, with a small recurved hook at the tip; the thorax is narrow,
the primaries inserted well back, and the abdomen is long, broad, ob-
tusely terminated, and the tip is furnished with a fan like tuft. The
primaries are narrow with even, very oblique outer margin. The narrow
thorax well produced before the insertion of wings, and the uarrow pri-
maries, recall Dz/phonota.

Thyreus is a very peculiar form, with strong Smerinihid tendencies,
but long corneous tongue. The ({\ antennz are thickened and serrate,
the head is not prominent, the body is plump, convex, and the abdomen
short, very broad and obtusely terminated. The anal tuft is pointed and
the lateral tufts, extending nearly to middle are round and truncate,
The primaries are excavated below apex, angulated at middle and again
excavated above the hind angle. The Smerinfhid features are prominent
but not more so than the characters which lead to its association with
Amphion.

Lnyo is a very recognizable form, distinguished by the prominent
thoracic crest. The primaries are narrow, but else very much as in the
preceding. The abdomen is elongate, conic, with a fan like tuft, distinct
in the only The distinctly crested thorax is unique in the N. A.
Sphingids and serves to isolate the genus at a glance.

The series of typical Sphimges may be headed with the genus
Sphinx which includes Daremma, Diludia, Phlegethontius (Macrosia)
Dolba and Hyloicus of Mr. Grote’s list.

The characters common to all these, are oblong, or subquadrate
thorax, the primaries inserted well forward, the head moderately promi-
nent, the abdomen conic, robust, primaries with even, somewhat round-
edly oblique outer margin, sometimes with the anal angle somewhat -
marked. The legs are long and strong, the fore tibiae moderate in length,
robust, and usually furnished with a series of claws or stout spines at

SERA

outer side, and a similar series along outer side of tarsi. The hind tibize
are always longest and are furnished with two pairs of very long unequal
spurs. The species classed as Philegethontius are more robust, with
broader head, somewhat more prominent palpi and rather broader wings.
Sphinx is applied to the narrower winged species with long acute apices.
Daremma has rather more retracted head and more rounded outer mar-
gin. Ayloicus is very like Daremma but there is an excavation in the
secondaries before anal angle, Dzludia has the hind angle of pri-
maries marked, and lacks the armature of the fore legs. This has per-
haps a claim to generic distinction, but the armature here is a variable
quantity and not decided enough in its character to be given much weight.

Doilba is applied to a small, dark species, with rather short stout ab-
domen and unarmed fore tibie. None of these generic names seem
worthy of adoption, since the characters upon which they are based are
evanescent.

Cautethia is rather a peculiar form with the habitus of Pogoecolon,
but the structure of a true Sphimx, except for the wider head and more
prominent eyes, which ally it to Di/phonofa. It falls in naturally after
Dolba. It certainly does not belong with A/acroglossa.

Ceratomia has a more retracted head, smaller eyes, and longer, ob-
tusely terminated abdomen. The larval character of C. guadricornis (4
short horns on shoulder) is so peculiar that I should expect that more
differences will yet be discovered in the imago. The genus should pre-
cede Sphinx in cataloguing.

Pachylia, Philampelus and Deilephila agree in having a larger head,
more prominent eyes, and robust thorax, with the insertion of primaries
further back than in Sphinx. The legs are longer, less robust, and the
fore legs especially are longer and weaker than in SpAimx. The primaries
are wider, slightly excavate below apex and above hind angle. Second-
aries with distinctly marked anal angle.

The differences between this series and the series SpAzvx are difficult
of enumeration because mostly comparative, but I think the foregoing
will serve to separate them.

Inter se these genera are distinguishable—Pachyla by its very large
size and obtusely terminated abdomen; PA:/ampelus by conic abdomen,
long fore tibia and unarmed (i.e. no armature other than the ordinary
spines) tarsi; and Dedlephila by having the fore tibia at tip, and the tarsi
at the sides furnished with longer claw like spines. I cannot separate
Argeus from Philampelus.

Amphonyx and Dilphonota have still more prominent head, narrower
thorax still more produced in front of the base of primaries, very long
conic abdomen, and long,. pointed primaries. Amphonyx anteus is a

large insect, the middle of secondaries semi-transparent, and the outer
margin of primaries even. The third joint of palpi is produced in the
form of a small curved horn. Dz/phonofa contains smaller species with
dentate outer margin of primaries, and the thorax with a distinct divided
crest. The latter structure is peculiar to this genus so far as I know,
among the N. A. representatives of the family.

These two genera really belong nearer to the true Sphimges than
Pachylia and allies; but are placed here merely for convenience of com-
parison.

In the remaining genera of this series, a long step is made to the
Smerinthids in the weak legs with the small spurs of the middle and hind
tibia. The head is as in the SpAzmges and the thorax is rather shorter
than in that group.

Cherocampa has short narrow primaries and an unusually long
slender, conic abdomen. ‘The secondaries also are very narrow, and ex-
cavated before the anal angle. ‘The species are of the most elegant in
our fauna.

Darapsa has wider wings and heavier, shorter abdomen, the thorax
is proportionately weaker, and the head more retracted. ‘The wings are
much as in PAdlampelus. 1 cannot separate Ampelophaga versicolor from
this genus.

Deidamia is one of the connecting genera between this group and the
Smerinthids. ‘Vhe head is retracted, the {\ antenne serrate, the primaries
shaped like Smerinthus. But the tongue is distinct and for this reason
I place it at the end of the present series.

The Smerinthides are distinguished by the short membraneous
tongue, retracted head, serrate or pectinate antennze of the , usually
angulated or scolloped primaries, less conic and more obtusely terminated
abdomen, which is also more woolly and less smoothly clothed than in
the preceding group, and by the weak short legs in which the spurs are
greatly reduced in size and often wanting in part. The posterior legs are
much reduced in length and strengih, and instead of being the most
robust, they are in this series the weakest pair. As a whole the tendency
to the Bomébycide is unmistakeable and very strongly marked in every
respect.

The genera are closely related and with the exception of Avrcfonotus
and L£ilema which I class with this series, they are often lumped under
the generic type Smerinthus.

Tripiogon contains two large species, modesta and occidentalis, with
very strongly retracted head, scolloped outer margin of primaries, and a
heavy claw terminating the tip of fore tibia. The middle and hind tibia
have each two small spurs at tip. The secondaries are not ocellated.

ee

Paonias has the outer margin of primaries similarly crenulated, but
lacks the claw of the fore tibia. It is smaller, and has the secondaries
ocellate, differing from Smerinfhus only in the outer margin of primaries.
Whether or not this ought to warrant the genus is a question, and in
the limited number of species in our fauna it should be considered rather
as specific than generic.

Smerinthus has the primaries excavated and angulate and the second-
aries ocellate. The antennz of the ({ vary in the length of the pectina-
tions; but the differences are specific and’ not generic. The tibiz are
unarmed and the posterior pair have only a single pair of small] spurs at
tip. I cannot separate Colasymbolus Grt. from this genus.

Cressonia is a very distinct genus. The palpi are long, the third
joints prominent, pointed and divaricate, the tibiz heavily spined, the
posterior with two pairs of spurs. The antenneze of the (J are bipectinate

in true bombyciform fashion. The outer margin of wings is dentate or
scolloped, but not prominently so. This is one of the most distinct of
the Sphingid genera, the palpi being abnormally developed,

Arctonotus is a peculiar genus, which Mr. Grote classes with the
*‘Caudiberes”, and which in the armature of the fore tibia is related to
Pogocolon; but by the weak short tongue, the serrate and bristled an-
tenne, and woolly body is nearer related to the Smerinthides. It seems
out of place anywhere. The primaries are small, stout, the outer margins
even. The posterior tibize have two pairs of spurs.

Lillema is usually classed as a Sphingid genus but the tongue is
short, the legs are weak, and the posterior tibia have only a single pair
of spurs. The (J antennz are serrate and furnished with tufts of bristly
hair and the head is retracted. The outer margin is even, and the apex
somewhat rounded.

Exedrium Grt., based on Sphinx halicarnia Strk., probably comes
here. Mr. Strecker’s description gives no structural details of any kind,
and I have only seen the insect to make a superficial examination of it.
It has a strongly bombycoid appearance, the wing form being much like
that of Heferocampa and the body compact, robust. The tongue is prob-
ably weak, and the legs short.

In synoptic form the scheme above developed is as follows:

Monsuelonp strong, COmMmeous')..25%. «Bier gies <eleitrs +.c'd'e'e ce Miter SPHINGIDES. 1

ihonenue short, wweak, membraneous: mien e-n ee yee © ere ce SMERINTHIDES. 8

1—Antennz clubbed at tip and furnished with a short bent hook ...... sates weer 2
Antennz not clubbed, equal, or thickest at middle, either bent at tip or slender,

UIE VEG SA atin ers 'a'c: stoke Oe lcrMect mer came tro acces ol, Tee Rayetelrsl Oeerelee ten etree ye teas 3

2—Tibiz unarmed, wings more or less hyaline.................... Macroglossa.

Tibiz spinose, anterior armed at sides and tip........ .........- Pogocolon.

3—Abdomen tufted at tip, and usually also at sides...............ee cere ee eees 4
PMU OMennm OL LUTEAL tp) OFSIGES a... az. .'.'. . SeRMM Ieee Estee) ets alyeicta ce al ee torsiane 5
4—Body short, plump; abdomen pointed at tip; primarjes excavated below apex
Ancearainiherore minds ANGIE." ./<. 1. sis. :\.) eer inclaieree ereie arate Amphion.
Abdomen elongate, flattened, rather abruptly terminated; anal tuft fan like;
primaries very narrow, pointed; antennz very slender ......... Aellopos,
Abdomen short, obtuse, broad, with brush like lateral tufts; antennz thick, in
serrate: primaries angulate and excavate faa. h./1.5 << cesetaw: Thyreus.
Abdomen conic, with a fan like tuft at tip; thorax with a distinct sharp crest
behindycollarpprimariestas im: 2 ayreus'. . .... ameterieects cers «eke iereeteeeions Enyo.
5—Spurs of middle and hind tibize very long, unequal, legs robust................ 6
Spurs of middle and hind tibie short, weak, more equal; legs weak......... ax 7

6 —Prothorax not much extended before base of primaries; fore legs short and stout.
Abdomen conic, pointed, fore tibia and tarsi usually armed with spines or claws

Gut OME COs, Seisocinee GEEC UDA Een cob code onmeise anon cy Sphinx.
Abdomen conic, pointed, head much broader, eyes larger; size very small;

Becondenesnclomiwitha black marsim). .. J Meee seeveoe ite oon Cautethia.,
Abdomen obtuse at tip, head retracted, wings wider........ RAO. Ceratomia.

Prothorax more extended before the base of primaries, head larger, thorax robust;
anterior legs longer, weaker; primaries with outer margin sinuate.

EME MEI TO WEISS aetayctart stActaatpe tas isratd ois! «+ «2 lear sea nteeiage sayin cevsichaes Pachylia.

Abdomen conic; anterior tibia and tarsi unarmed................. Philampelus.

Abdomen conic; shorter; anterior tibia and tarsi with claw like spines at outer
BIL OREM tect taoa is aitse.cuakeeictalate ioneiecs)cie oh o « « SeNee KOR Mone oa orck step orate at Deilephila.

Piothorax still further produced before base of primaries; head large; eyes very
prominent; abdomen long and rather slender; thorax narrower.
Thorax untufted; third joint of palpi projecting forward like short horns; outer

MAB DIOnpPMMAnes MOL Gentate..,...).\. .:- Reem he mnmEne ec cer Amphonyx.
Thorax with divided crest, outer margin of primaries dentate........ Dilphonota,
7-—Wings very narrow, small, abdomen long, conic, very smoothly clothed.........
Chcerocampa.

Broader winged, less robust, head more retracted, abdomen shorter, less regu-
MEAL COMI Gi farsbaty eieyiadoyer aicichade ajeve e's) + « v a RGMEMAGpe + «6.0 Seater eveiiete Darapsa.

Primaries angulated, abdomen obtuse, head crested, strongly retracted; (j' an-
Pete ESELL ALC veteiehcrs sraielafacdaialecelelny isis +-«'s = slheeteakers sinbioraehars yrnenae Deidamia.

$8 —Primaries with outer margin scolloped or evenly crenulated.

PnLeion tibia with aheavy claw at typ... ...deste «chee ne sis emiaenee Triptogon.
PPE AOEM Icy MAT INCH eters cretonsiereve sic. - «<i « Solatels sleieteienias «’ ale pereen tenia Paonias.
Primaries with outer margin excavate and angulate ............. Smerinthus.
Primaries with outer margin evenly dentate; 3rd joint of palpi unusually long;
AinvATIGAte Al tLDEmam ier Reomeaercticls «+ «+--+ Saeed the > Seta ere Cressonia.
Primaries with outer margin even.
Anterior tibia armed with a series of long claws; plump, robust, body woolly......
Arctonotus.
Anterior tibia unarmed; form more slender, less robust.......... ...... Ellema.

(To be continued.)

et

Synonymical Notes No. 2.
By Gro. H. Horn, M.D.

The species here considered are those described in a large and rather
rare folio volume entitled ‘‘Znsectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique”
by A. M. F. J. Palisot de Keauvois, bearing date 1805. The species
described are of all orders and were nearly all collected by the author
himself during the year 1786—1797 and by reference to the descriptions
the regions of our country visited by him can readily be ascertained.

* The present essay will consider the U.S. Coleoptera mentioned by
Beauvois whether the species are described by him as new or quoted
from other authors. In the following list I have arranged the genera
alphabetically for easy reference and follow the species with the initial
B. for Beauvois, the other abbreviations being sufficiently known.

In the case of any change in the name, whether in the genus or
species, the present equivalent follows the Beauvois name.

The first attempt at a translation of the Beauvois species was made
by Chevrolat (Ann. Fr. 1853) but not in a very satisfactory manner as
many were not seen by him. A work of this kind is never very easy and
can best be done by one well acquainted with the separate regions from
which Beauvois obtained the species.

Agathidium oniscoides, B. p. 160.
Blaps metallica, B, p. 140 = Hoplocephala bicornis.

Callidium fulminans Oliv. p. 248 = Arhopalus fulminans.
erythrocephalum Oliv. p. 248 = Neoclytus erythrocephalus.
Cerambyx garganicus Oliv. p. 247 = Chion cinctus.
Cebrio bicolor Fab. p. 9.
Copris viridis B, p. 24 = Canthon viridis.
obtectus B. p. 25 = Onthophagus Hecate.
capistratus B, p. 57 == Choeridium histeroides.
Ammon Oliy. 92 == Copris minutus.
canadensis B. p. g2 = Onthophagus Janus,

striatulus Bb, p.92 = ~— idem.
latebrosus Fab. p. 93 = Onthophagus Hecate.
subzeneus B, p. 105 = ' Janus.

carolinus Fab. p. 198.
carnifex B. p. 198 = Phanzeus carnifex.

Elater oculatus Linn. p. 213 = Alaus oculatus.
luscus Oliv. p. 213 = myops.
verticinus B. p. 214 = Elater rubricollis.
griseus B, 214 = Limonius griseus.
ramicornis B, pp, 10 and 214 = Dicrepidius ramicornis.
rufipes B, p. 214 (1).

a8 ps

Harpalus viridizeneus B, p. 108.
dubius B. p. 108 == Cratacanthus dubius.
aap contractus 6, p. 121 = Meracantha contracta.
tenebrivides 6. p. 121 = Tenebrio tenebrioides.
teen.atus B, p. 121 = Helops micans,
obliquatus Fab, p. 122 = Penthe obliquata.
americanus B. p. 122 = Helops undulatus (2).
tristis B. p. 139 (8).
carolinensis p. 162 == Scotobates calcaratus.
saperdoides Oliv. p. 162 = Xylopinus saperdoides.
calcaratus B. p, 162 idem.
Hister cylindricus B. p. 178 (4.)
elongatus B, p. 178 (4).
latipes B. p. 178 (5).
subhzmisphericus B. p. 180 = Hister abbreviatus.
interrupius B. p. 180.
regularis B, p, 180 = Epierus regularis.
Lamia nodosa Fab. p. 244 = Acanthocinus nodosus.
dentator Fab. p. 244 = Monohammus titillator.
Melasis picea B. p. 7 = Zenva picea,
Meloion.ha angustata B, p. 30 = Macrcdactylus angustatus.
paradoxa B, p. 173 = Rhipidandrus paradoxus.
Passalus cornuius Fab, p, I.
Prionus imbricornis Oliv. p. 242.
Scarabzeus nasicornis-americanus B. p. 75 = Xyloryctes Satyrus.
Blackburnii Fab. p. 75 = Geotrupes Blackburnii.
Broscii B. p. 89 = Strategus Anteus Q.
splendens B. p. 89 = ‘“ splendens.
ferrugineus B, p. 90 = Bradycinetus ferrugineus.
rubeolus B. p. 90 = Aphodius rubeolus.
Cephus Oliv. p. 90 = Bolbocerus farctus.
tumefactus B, p. 91 = idem.
truncatus B. p. 41 = Phileurus truncatus.
Tityus B. p. 138 = Dynastes Tityus.
Antezus Fab, p. 210 = Strategus Anteeus,
Scarites marginatus Fab, p. 106 = Pasimachus marginatus.
depressus Fab, p. 106 = es depressus.
sublzevis B, p. 107 = ES subleevis.
Georgie B. p. 107 = Morio Georgiz.
quadrimaculatus b. p. 107 = Clivina bipustulata.
Spheeridium pallidum B. p. 157 (6).
crenatum B, p. 1§8-== Spheridium scarabzoides.
leve B. p. 158 (6).
unistriatum B, p. 158 (6).
Sinodendron americanum B, p. 192 = Sinodendron cylindricum (9).
Stenocorus cyaneus Oliv. p. 249 = Desmocerus palliatus. 5;
Trichius scaber B. p, 58 = Osmoderma scabra,
variegatus B, p. 59 = Valgus canaliculatus.
squamiger B, p. 160 = squamiger.
seticollis B, p. 59 = idem,

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 14

—jgo—

Tenebrio sublevis B. p. 163 = Nyctobates pensylvanica.
femoratus B, p. 163 = Haplandrus femoratus.
minimus B, p. 164 = Opatrinus notus,
variolosus B. p. 164 (7).
elongatus B. p. 164 = Zophobas morio,

Trox scabrosus b. p. 175.

unistriatus B. p. 175 == Trox suberosus.
crenatus B. p. 176 idem.
denticulatus B, p. 176 idem.
serrulatus B, p. 176 = Trox tuberculatus.
Trogosita virescens Oliy. p. 125.
angustata B, p. 125 = Languria angustata.,
marginata B, p. 125 = Tenebrioides marginata.
maxillosa B. p. 125 = Gnathocerus cornutus.
mutica B, p, 126 (8).
depressior B, p. 126 (8).
subnigra B, 127 (8).
NOES:

1—Elater rufipes. The name being preoccupied at the time it was
given and not being recognizably described should be dropped,

2—Helops americanus Beauv. Should be adopted for the species now
called undulatus Lec.

3—LHelops trisis Beauv. This is certainly nota Helops but I cannot
identify it. Is it American?

4—These two species cannot be identified and should be dropped from
the insufficiency of the descriptions.

5—The occurrence of a species so large (13 mm.) in our territory is very
doubtful.

6.—S, pallidum and S. /eve are said by Chevrolat to be Camptodes
(Ann. Fr. 1853; p. 631). I think there can be no doubt that S.
pallidum is Pallodes silaceus Er, and Beauvois’ name should prevail.
S. deve I cannot identify while S. wxtstriatum seems to be Ducty-
losternum abdominale Fab.

7—This is called an Iphthimus by Chevrolat. It should doubtless be
omitted from our lists.

8—These species are Tenebrioides but it is impossible to identify them
by the descriptions and figures.

g—This species is European and does not occur in the U.S,

+ <> ea >

We call attention to the advertisement of the New Check list of
Coleoptera on our cover. It is now in press, and subscriptions may be
made through the Brooklyn Entomological Society.

* +.

The position of assistant curator of Entomology in the U.S. Museum
will be filled by ‘‘ye Editor’, who will nevertheless see that Ent. Amer.
is issued promptly, as heretofore.

-—9gI—

The Influence of Climate on Cicada septendecim.
By C. V. Ritey.

I have instituted the present season a series of experiments in the
transferring of the eggs of Brood XXII (sep/endecim) of the Periodical
Cicada, to the extreme southern states, where no sepfendecim brood is
known to occur and of Brood VII (¢redecim) to northern states where no
tredecim brood is known to occur. ‘The purpose of the experiments is to-
test the effect of climate on the permanency of the two races; in other
words, whether the larva in its subterranean life will be influenced by
variation in the mean annual temperature. It will be interesting to ob-
serve whether or not the fredecim race will require more than 13 years
for development when transferred north, or the septendecim race fewer
than 17 years when transferred to the south.

The details of the experiments will be placed on record. The
following transfers have already been made through the kind assistance
of the gentlemen mentioned:

BROOD VII (Tredecim).

DATE.

EGGS RECEIVED FROM. EGGS SENT TO.

UE
V. L. Peters, Senatobia, Miss. 1. H. Comstock, Ithaca, N.Y.
| H

July 1, 1885 P. H. Skipwith, Oxford, Miss A. Lintner, Albany, N.Y.
“© 6, 1885 V
** 13, 1885 J. G. Barlow, Cadet, Mo. erbert Osborn, Ames, Ia.
STs OSs P. H. Skipwith, Oxford, Miss. | Saml. Henshaw, Boston, Mass,
STs. 1835 | P. H. Skipwith, Oxford, Miss. | R. Thaxter, Kittery Pt., Me.

BROOD XXII (Septendecim).
DATE, | EGGS RECEIVED FROM, | EGGS SENT TO.

July 1, 1885 IF. M. Webster, Lafayette, Ind. | E, A. Smith, Tuscaloosa, Ala.
** 6, 1885 F, M. Webster, Lafayette, Ind. | Geo. Noble, Savannah, Ga.
** 6, 1885 | F. M. Webster, Lafayette, Ind. | J. E. Willett, Macon, Ga.
SDT, 1685 | E. Roeder, New Hope, Pa. D.L. Phares, Agr. Coll. Miss.
eae loos | E,

W. Allis, Adrian, Mich. | R. W. Jones, Columbus, Miss.
$$ $<$<— a a

The Periodical Cicada on Staten Island.

By Wituram T, Davis.

In 1877 the Periodical Cicada occurred on Staten Island in count-
less numbers. In places fences, trees and bushes were brown with
cast skins, while the whir of their flight and monotonous song could be
heard in every direction. This was the Hudson River brood, or that

—g2—

numbered XII by Mr. Riley, and is the only one that seems to be gener-
ally remembered by observing persons on the Island, I recall thinking
at the time, while I watched the pupa crawl up the garden fence and cast
their skins as night came on, that I would not see any more of these in-
sects on Staten Island until 1894,

However, on May 8th, 1881, while collecting insects with Mr. Leng
in the neighborhood of Watchogue, Stat. Isl., we found a red—eyed
Cicada pupa under a stone, and on June sth, eight specimens were col-
lected, all of them males and many of those being wet, having recently
immerged. By the 12th of June they had become quite numerous, and I
noted at the time that ‘‘about one tree 1 counted 52 pupa skins of the
red—eyed Cicada”.

This year I made special search for this Harvest fly, and as it occur-
red in the neighboring territory, I hoped to find an individual or two on
Staten Island. On July 4th, while walking along a wood-path with my
friend, Mr. James Raymond, he found the upper left wing of the insect
I had been looking for, and which some bird had evidently torn from its
owner. I have this fragment now, and there is no doubt of its identity.

From the above it seems that whenever the 17-year Cicada has oc-
cured as a brood or ‘‘Locust year’ happens in the vicinity of Staten Is-
land, that a few individuals have appeared on it. This fact has been ob-
served before by Mr.S. S. Rathvon, (mentioned by Mr. Riley), in
Lancaster Co., Pa., who noted all those broods in his locality; but it
may be of interest to again call attention to it in connection with a new
location.

NOTE,—Mr. Leng has this year also found a few pupa on Staten Island, but not

common anywhere. ess
ro

Descriptions of New Lepidoptera.

By B. NEUMOEGEN.

Sphinx Separatus, n. sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen of mouse gray color, with darker shades on pro-
thorax and thorax, shading laterally into whitish gray. Lateral lines of prothorax and
patagicze prominently marked in black, inner marginal line hardly distinguishable.
Gray dorsal band on upper side of abdomen, with a black dorsal centre line on last
and anal segments, ornamented with black segmentary bands, Primaries of mouse
gray color, with markings like in Sph. lugens Wlk., in brownish black, but the apical
diagonal dashes, the undulating transverse line, which runs partly along outer margin
and in an irregular bend turns and rests within the central part of inner margin, as
well the two horizontal dashes between median nervules, much more prominent and
pronounced than in lugens. The space between interior and anterior transverse line
and along costa, above discal spots of brownish hue, leaving in discal cell and above
centre of inner margin, interspaces of grayish white. A round basal, black blotch.
Secondaries whitish gray. with large marginal and prominent medial bands of brown-

ish black, the color in marginal band fading into gray towards anal angle. A black
basal blotch, Fringes in primaries and secondaries whitish gray, ornamented with
dark brown at intersection of nerves; less marked on secondaries. Below: legs and
abdomen mouse gray. Primaries and secondaries brownish gray, the basal regions
shading into light gray and assuming a whitish tint near anal angle of secondaries,
The anterior transverse line on primaries and the marginal and medial bands on sec-
ondaries well pronounced. Fringes as above.

Habitat: New Mexico. Length of body 28 mm. Expanse of wings
110 mm, = 4.40 inches.

Types in coll. Prof. F. H. Snow and B. Neumeegen.

This stately insect has been, for many years, confounded with SpA.
lugens W\k., which comes from Mexico, although a few specimens have
been found in our South-Western States. Zugens W1k., is a considerably
smaller insect of brownish olive tint, with delineations not so prominently
marked, and faint basal blotches, The excellent figure of Mr. Strecker’s
SpA. lugens Wik. (H. Strecker’s No 13, fig. 12), would do well for Spf.
separatus, if the color were changed and the other differences prominent-
ly marked.

Arctia v. Mormonica, N. var.

This is a beautiful variety of the Incorrupta type. Head, thorax and wings
whitish yellow with black markings. The two black dots on prothorax missing and
the black stripes on thorax and pategiz slender. Primaries have the black markings
of the various horizontal and transverse lines so diminutive that they appear merely as
a number of irregular dots and dashes, Secondaries have a marginal transverse row
of black dots and a prominent discal dot. A bright rose colored shade along basal
margin, Abdomen bright rose, with black dorsal and lateral lines, and black
anal tip.

Habitat: Northern Utah,

Types coll. Hy. Edwards and B, Neumcegen.

This insect is the connecting link between the Aevadensis and docta
groups, and shows how near akin they are A/ormonica, but for its color
and slender markings, resembles A. Az/holea Bd. in its primaries and A.
Mexicana Gr. and R. in its secondaries.

As I stated, at the time, in Papilio Vol. VIII, p. 151, A. encorrupta
Hy. Edw., is undoubtedly the typical form and A. Nevadensis Gr. and R.
but a variety; but entomological etiquette, much to the detriment of clear
scientific understanding, giving the first disvoverer the preference, Jeva-
densis will have to lead the line, which stands, as far as we know, now:

A. Nevadensis, Gr, and R.

v. incorrupta, Hy. Edw.

v. Sulphurica, Neumgn.

v. Mormonica, Neumgn.

A. elongata’Stretch, from Spokane falls, Wash, T., lately described,
seems to be but another local form of this extremely variable insect.

Arctia v. sulphurica: This is simply a correction for the v. ochracea

Neum. mentioned in Papilio III, p. 151; ochracea being preoccupied by
Mr. Stretch for a var. of A. Achaia,

Adelocephala Bicolor var. Suprema.

A brilliant variety of this handsome Bombycid. Head, thorax, abdomen and
legs pearl gray. Primaries brownish shading off into pearl gray, from apex along ex-
ternal and interior margins to base. Two distinct silvery white discal dots. Fringes
pearl gray. Secondaries bright rose color, fading into pearl gray along margins.

Below, primaries bright rose color, shading into pearl gray along costa and mar-
gins. Secondaries uniform pearl gray, sprinkled with brown granules.

Habitat: Lowa.
Types coll. Mr. Geo. Franck and B. Neumcegen.
rr 1 8
Some New Species of Hispini.
By Joun B. Smitu,

While arranging my collection of Chrysomelide recently, I found
that an Odontofa given me by Mr. Julich which superficially resembled
dorsalis was really a distinct species. As it seems probable that speci-
mens of this species are confounded with dorsalis in collections I desire
to call attention to the form. In order that our knowledge of the As-
pint might be brought to date, Dr. Horn has kindly sent me such new
species as were in his own collection,

Microrhopala uniformis, sp. nov.

Terminal joint of tarsi very little longer than lobes of third; antennal club elon-
gate. Moderately robust, black, shining. Vertex not sulcate. Thorax rather longer
than wide, widerat base, sides arquate, surface cribrate; a shallow fovea at base.
Elytra nearly parallel, each distinctly tricostate, the intervals biseriately punctured

except between the second and third in which four rows are observed at the apical
fourth; margin not serrate,

Length 4—4.5 mm. fad. Ariz.

Two specimens; one somewhat immature, and therefore piceous. Dif
fers from forcaza to which it is most nearly allied by not having the vertex
sulcate, by the longer thorax, the sides more distinctly arquate, and by
the more robust form, The species is to an extent intermediate between
the groups into which the genus is divided, the posterior tarsi having the
fourth joint very obviously exceeding the lobes of third, while in the an-
terior tarsi it is scarcely longer.

Odontota Horni, sp. nov,

Elytra with ten series of punctures, with three entire costze; reddish yellow, sut-
ure narrowly black, the sides and tip not serrate or crenate. Antenne and legs
black. Head black, coarsely punctured. Prothorax yellow above and below; above
coarsely punctured, the punctures deep and somewhat elongate; a smooth deeply im-

pressed median line, Meso and meta-thorax black, sternum yellow. Abdomen pale,
sides piceous, Size and form of dorsalis.

Length 6 mm. Had. Mass.
This species bears a deceptive resemblance to dorsalis, and may be
confused with it in collections. Superficially it differs only by the nar-

rower, equal, sutural vitta. It differs further in the bicolored underside,
the want of serrations at the sides of elytra and in the presence of a dis-
tinct impressed median line on thorax. Several specimens from Mass.
are in Mr. Julich’s collection, and he informs me he has seen the same
species in Mr. Lugger’s collection taken near Baltimore, Dr. Horn says

there is a specimen of the same species in the Leconte collection,

Odontota lateritia, sp. nov.

Elytra with eight series of punctures, divided into twos by three cost, Form
slender, parallel, margins of elytra distinctly serrulate. Above, uniformly blood red
in color; beneath, head and prothorax red, else black, Antennze and posterior legs
black; median legs piceous, anterior legs rufo-piceous. Vertex witha median sulca.
Thorax slightly wider at base, sides arquate; coarsely and densely punctured with an
impressed median line, and a shallow transverse basal fovea.

Length 6mm. Aad. Ariz. 1 specimen.

A very distinct species, belonging between mervosa, and gracilis. It
is more robust than gracilis and moreparallel than mervosa, Its uniform
blood red color is characteristic and differs immediately from the two

other species belonging to the same section.

Charistena bicolor, sp, nov.

Head and elytra metallic dark blue, shining, thorax red. Beneath prothorax
and abdomen red, else blue black. Elongate, sides of the elytra parallel, margins
not serrulate. ‘lhorax as long as wide, feebly arquate in front, parallel behind, Disc
hardly convex, with a large, shallow, fovea at base; sparsely punctured at middle,
more densely at sides. Antenne black, legs red.

Length 45 mm. Aad. New Mexico. 1 specimen.

The second and third joints of antennz are equal in length, and
the species is close 1s Arzadne. It stands before that species in the se-
ries. The intermediate femora do not appear to be serrulate, and the
margins of the elytra are also smooth. It differs from all other species
by the uniformly red thorax; the red legs also distinguish it from Arzadne.

a
On the discovery of Thoracantha, a tropical genus of
Chalcid flies, in Florida.

By Wm. H. AsumeEapD, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
? ’

It may be interesting to many of your readers to know that that
interesting genus of the Cha/cidid@, Thoracantha, has a representative in
the United States.

This spring, among other interesting captures, I took a beautiful
male specimen of this unique genus, feeding upon the flowers of the
gall-berry //ex glaber, being I believe the first of the genus discovered on
the North American Continent.

The genus has heretofore been considered tropical, all the described
species having been taken in the tropics.

Thoracantha furcata Fabricius, is from Africa and Brazil; 7° striata

6

Perty and 7. La/rei/ii Guerin are from Brazil; while 7. nasua Walker is
from Philippine Islands, so that the discovery of the species in the U. S.
is doubly interesting.

As my species does not agree with any of the descriptions accessible -
and is probably new, I name it in honor of the *‘Land of Flowers” and
submit the following description.

Thoracantha floridana, n. sp.

d. Length.17 inch. Black, shining, coarsely rugose. Head small, trans-
versely rugose, not visible from above and held horizontally under the abnormally
developed thorax: eyes moderate, oblong oval, mandibles large. curved, and 4-den-
tate; antenne black, 12-jointed, g-branched, scape moderately long, cylindrical, 2nd
large, globular, 3rd to 11th short, cylindrical, slightly widened and truncate at tip,
each emitting along sparsely pubescent sub-clavate branch; 12th joint very long, about
same size as the antennal branches and making the antennz apparently ten-branched;
thorax enormously developed and elevated, strongly rugose, the rugosities taking the
form of longitudinal grooves, with shortesparse pubescence; parapsides wide apart,
distinct; scutellum abnormally developed, projecting posteriorly over the abdomen in
the form of two long slightly curved horns, which are longitudinally grooved; wings
are slightly brownish or fuliginous and when at rest lie flat under the horns; the mar-
ginal vein is long, thick, and brownish black, stigma a large brown black spot with
the postmarginal vein very long; abdomen pedunculated, *peduncle longer than ab-
domen, finely sculptured, cylindrical, slightly bent near the middle and thickest at
base, abdomen smooth shining, black, compressed and when viewed from the side,
triangular; legs testaceous, pubescent, coxze well developed black, upper part of
femora and upper edge of tibize brown, two apical spurs on posterior tibiz, with one

small spine on middle pair.

Described from one (J specimen.

6 ee
Notes and News.

The meetings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S. will be
held inroom “H” of the University of Michigan. The first meeting
will be held on the 25th of August at 2 P.M. and the following is the
programme for that meeting: 1. Annual address of the President, Dr.
John G. Morris. 2. Election of Officers for the ensuing year. 3. Re-
ports of Officers and Committees. 4. New business. 5. “A biographical
sketch of Dr. Wm. Le Baron, late State Entomologist of Illinois” by Dr.
F. W. Goding. 6. Notes on structural and systematic characters of some
N. A. Lepidoptera, by John B. Smith.

Other papers have been promised by Prof. C. V. Riley, Prof: Herbert
Osborn, Rev. Geo. D. Hulst, Dr. D. S. Kellicott and Prof. J. A. Lintner.

* *

fe
Mr. Ricksecker has written us a letter that is interesting enough to
print almost in full; he says:
‘‘Allow me to add my testimony to the fact, that at least some Cur-
culio larve are lignivorous. At Monterey, Cal., I took numbers of

Cossonus piniphilus Boh. from a partly decayed pine log, and at Spokane
Falls, W. T., I found Cossonus crenatus Horn under the bark of pine logs
and stumps that were still sound. JMagdalis Le Contev Horn I have su-
spected of depredating in living pine-trees, but am not certain ofthis. Of
Scolytide | have seen great swarms of Pityophthorus pubipennis Lec. in the
branches of newly-felled Live Oaks, and have taken the same or an allied
species from sticks of oak that had previously been peeled for tan-bark.
P. hamatus Lec., Tomius plastographus Lec. and several species of Den-
droctonus burrow in pine and spruce timber.

It must not be inferred, however, that because some of these insects
burrow in timber-trees that they are destructive to our forests. Many
species will never attack a healthy tree but have an acute sense for dis-
covering an injured or dying tree or one that has recently fallen. It is
the same with many Buprestidee and Cerambycide. I have taken a
dozen Buprestis upon a single pine log, and at night, in a wood-cutters
camp, many specimens of J/onohammus and Acanthocinus were taken on
the piles of cord-wood (pine), and some were shaken from young pines
that had been injured by fire, but none were observed on healthy trees.
The apple-tree-borer, Chrysobothris femorata, attacks young fruit trees
that have been scorched by the sun, but its natural food is the oak for I
have seen dozens of them in the branches of a small Live-Oak that had
been cut down less than an hour. Xylotrechus nauiicus Mann., were
also there, in great numbers, some copulating and others ovipositing.
Thus also I have observed a swarm of many hnndreds of Meé/anophila con-
sputa and M. longipes Say, where a brush fire had scorched some young
spruce trees (Ades Douglas). M. fulvoguttata also attacks the spruce
and JZ gentis the pine, L7rgates spiculatus Lec, flourishes equally well
in spruce or in pine, but our common //y/otrupes ligneus Fab., I have
found only in Redwood*, (Seguora sempervirens), and Neoclytus conjunctus
Lec. only in the Madrone.

In all these cases, however, it is only the dying or recently deceased
wood that is attacked, Every tree that falls in the forest, every limb
that is broken off by the wind, every stick that is cut by the wood-chop-
pers axe, is attacked by its own peculiar species. They come from all
directions. ‘They swarm about it, and run up and down upon it’ The
sexes will be in copulation; some females will be hunting for suitable
crevices in the bark, in which to deposit their eggs; other females will
be seen in the act of ovipositing, and last of all, not infrequently,—the
parasitic Hymenoptera, in their turn, seeking the eggs of the wood-lovers,

* Mr. Julich informs me that in the east, he has found this species confined to
red cedar. . Ed.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 1

a

and depositing their own upon them. In due time the eggs hatch, the
larvae bore the wood and live their required time, until they come forth
as imagines to renew their war upon the dying or injured trees. As
these species are generally represented by thousands of individuals in a
given locality, it is easy to imagine how destructive they would be to
our forests and orchards were they to attack healthy trees. As it is, their
operations are fruitful of good in that they aid nature in the grand scheme
of life. The fallen tree is perforated in all directions, moisture enters the
perforations and Termites, fungi and decay all add their forces in reduc-
ing the wood to soil.

Many interesting facts continually come under ones observation,
but the difficulty is in determining what is new and what is not. Thus,
I was astonished some ago, in watching a swarm of perhaps a thousand
Melanophila consputa and M. longipes, on some spruce trees and logs,
after, a fire in the woods. A large old spruce log, partly decayed, and
full of termites, had been subjected to considerable heat, and some of
the bark had slipped off. Here I saw and watched four different individ-
uals of Melanophila devour the scorched termites, which was the first
instarice I had observed of a carniverous habit in the Buprestde. This
may, however be well known to others, Then again some very common
facts seem to be little known. For instance, I once told Dr. Leconte
that our common Me/rius contractus was a bombardier beetle and he was
surprised to hear it.”

Melanophila longipes has been known to take playful nips out of ex-
posed portions of the human body, but actual carnivorous habits have
not been heretofore recorded to our knowledge. As to Me/rius, the in-
formation is new. Dr. Horn has collected this insect and never noticed
the bombardier habit, and Mr. Julich has also taken them in large num-
bers without making that observation. Have any others of our Western
friends noticed this fact?

* *
*

The death of Mr. H. K. Morrison has made an opening for an in-
telligent, enterprising and good collector. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera
find a ready sale, and other orders are attracting increased attention here
and may also be disposed of in Europe. Who will undertake this?

* *
*

To facilitate exchanges among collectors we will hereafter publish a
separate page of advertisements of offers and requests to exchange. A
uniform charge of 5 cents per line will be made and the ads. will remain
until crowded out by others. Desderafa may be mentioned and lists of
duplicates added. Check list numbers or names may be used.

Book Notices.

Cut Worms. A paper read before the New York State Agricultural Society, at the —
Annual Meeting, January 21, 1885, by J. A. Lintner, Ph. D., New York State
Entomologist. 8vo. 25 pp. figures.

Contains a brief review of the literature, a synopsis of their life hist-
ory, and a compilation of what is known of remedies.

Studies among the Meloide. By Geo. H. Horn, M.D. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc.
XII, pp. 107—116, March 1885.

Descriptions of New North American Scarabzide by Geo. H. Horn, M. D.
Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 117—128, March 1885.

Contributions to the Coleopterology of the United States (No. 4) by Geo.
H. Horn, M.D. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 128—162. March 1885. Plates
V and VI illustrate these articles.

On the species of Canthon and Phanzus of the United States, with notes
on other genera, by Frederick Blanchard. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 163—172,
May 188s.

We are glad to see Mr. Blanchard in the ranks of our systematic
workers. He has been long and favorably known as a collector, and his
paper gives evidence that he is able to do geod work in the systematic line.
The Periodical Cicada. An account of Cicada septendecim and its tredecim race,

with a chronology of all broods known, by Chas, V. Riley, Ph. D. Bulletin No. 8,
Div. of Entomology U.S, Dept. of Agricult. June 1885, pp. 46, figures.

This pamphlet is accompanied by Circular No. 16, giving the di-
stribution of the two broods due this year, and stating that notes of the
appearance, the numbers and distribution of the broods are desired, It
would be a desirable thing for all Entomologists to gather what infor-
mation they can in reference to these insects if they appear in their locali-
ties and send the same to Prof. Riley.

Descriptions of some new Cerambycidz with notes by Geo. H. Horn, M.D.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 173--197, June 1885.

Gives synopses of Oxoplus, Stenosphenus, Monilema, Monohammus,
Goes, Onciderus, Eupogonius and Dysphaga.

Synopsis of the Throscide of the United States. By Geo. H. Horn, M.D.
Trans. Am, Ent. Soc, XII, pp. 198—208, June 1885.

A Study of the species of Cryptobium of North America. By George H.
Horn, M.D. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XU, pp. 85—106, Pl. Iand II. (Feb. 1885.)

Dr. Horn here gives us an exceedingly interesting paper, illustrating
some remarkable peculiarities of structure. These were touched upon
in the March Meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and are
here elaborated. Of many species there are three forms of structure of
the 4th ventral segment of the ¢{’. One is called a perfect G/, another
an imperfect (j', the third an incomplete , These are but descriptive
terms and are not applied to differences of function. It is however an
exceedingly interesting question whether these differences in structure

cee Co)

have not some corresponding physiological difference. It seems highly

probable, and yet it is difficult to imagine what it could be. The com-

plete ¢ is the most common, the imperfect ( nearly as > plentiful while
the incomplete Ji is comparatively rare.

The imported Elm Leaf Beetle. Its habits and Natural History and means of
counteracting its injuries. Bulletin No, 6 of Div. of Ent. U.S. Department of:
Agriculture pp. 18; 1 pl. May 1885.

Insects affecting growing wheat. By F. M. Webster. Purdue Univ. Bulletin
No, 3. Indianapolis April 1885, pp. 6; 3 Plates.

AMPLE NES ane aA er

Obituary Note.

We are sorry to record the death of Mr. H. K. Morrison, of Morgan-
ton, N.C. Mr, Morrison was born at Boston, Mass., January 24, 1854,
and died at his home in Morganton, June 15, 1885, of inflamation of
the bowels. The passion for collecting insects was strong with him from
childhood, and in his twentieth year he determined to give up his busi-
ness as shoe dealer and devote himself entirely to Entomology. At this
time he began publishing, and described quite a number of heterocerous
lepidoptera and made valuable notes and observations, especially in the
Noctuide. The papers were principally in 1873. 1874 and 1875 in the
Boston Proceedings, and Proc. Ac, N. S., Phil. Many notes and shorter
papers are in the Canadian Entomologist for those years. They display
strong appreciation of characters used in systematic Entomology, and
render it a matter of regret that he did not continue the study. However
he had determined to earn his living as a collector, and the long trips
necessitated by this made systematic work an impossibility; the more so
as justice to those purchasing from him required that rarities should go
to them in the sets taken. In the spring of ’76 he went south, collect-
ted in Georgia and the mountains of Western N.C., in’77 he married
and established his home in Morganton, whence his later trips were made.
In ’77 he also made a three months trip to Colorado; the summer of '78
he collected in the black hills; "79 in Nev., Cal. and Utah, ’80 and ’81
in Wash. Terr., Or. and So. Cal.; ’82 and 83 in Arizona, ’84 in South-
ern Florida and in the spring of 85 he again spent some time at Key
West. Mr. Morrison was a dilligent and careful collector and found a
large number of new species in all orders, so that ‘‘Collected by Mr.
Morrison” appears everywhere in descriptive papers, He was well known
not only everywhere in America, but also in Europe, and had built up
quite an extensive business in this line. His premature death has de-
prived our science of one of its most active workers in the collecting line
and will leave a vacancy hard to be filled.

VOL.I. BROOKLYN, SEPTEMBER, 1885. —NO..6,

Descriptions of New Species of Heterocera.
By R. H. Srretcu.

As many of the readers of ‘‘EnromoLocica AMERICANA” are aware,
I have for the past three years been engaged on a monograph of the
groups Zygenide, Lithosnde and Arctiide of North America, intended to
collate all the literature thereon, and to illustrate a@// the species with a
good recognizable figure, The work is now in sucha state, that its com-
pletion depends only on my ability to secure a certain number of types
for figuring; and in this place I propose, while describing certain new
forms, so as to obviate the risk of their being described while the work
is in the press, and so creating synonyms, to indicate my desiderata and
ask assistance from those who may be fortunate enough to possess the
species, either in the form of drawings or photographs, or the loan of
the insects themselves. At this date there are drawn about 350 figures,
illustrating 210 species, most of them already printed.

Scepsis Wrightii. Q.-/. Similar to S. fulvicollis, but smaller. Head, palpi,
antennz, legs, thorax and abdomen, black, the latter with blueish reflections. Pro-
thorax white with very pale yellowish tinge, not extending to the underside of the
head and palpi. Primaries dark brown, as in fulvicollis, but with paler fringes and
yellowish costa. Secondaries diaphanous, with irregular blackish margin, as in fulvi-
collis. Beneath as above.

Expanse of wings 1,10 inches. Had. Southern California, Wright.

Described from 7 GQ, received from Mr. G. W. Wright, after
whom it is named. Readily distinguished by its smaller size and the
tint and distribution of the prothorax coloring.

(OZ. ——

Harrisina australis. <{. Similar to H. Americana, but larger. Head black.
Antenne black, with a metallic blue tinge. Abd men and legs black. Prothorax
orange, the color extending to the base of the patazia, and underside of the head and
breast. Wings shaped as in americana, but more opaque, blacker and with a more
positive blackish-green reflection.

Expanse of wings 1,15; length of body 0.50 inches. Aud. Florida,
Hy. Edwards.

Out of the four American species this is the only one which has the
underside of the head yellow, and this character will instantly separate
it. In size, the range of amerwana is from 0.75 to 1.00 inch, with an
"average of about 0.90 inch, so there is a notable difference in size as well
as color.

Harrisina metallica. Similar to americana but much larger. Entire insect
above and below, lustrous blueish-green, with the wings a shade yellower than the ab-
domen. Prothorax orange, the color not extending to the underside of the head.
The wings have the apices much more produced than in americana or australis.

Expanse of wings 1.60 inches; length of body 0.50 inch. Had. New
Mexico, Prof. Snow.

Very distinct from any of the other American forms. The types
were received from Prof. Snow under the name of H. americana, and it
may probably be in other collections under that label.

Nola hyemalis. ©,j. Head and palpi whitish, palpi darker beneath, Ab-
domen pale. Body beneath, and legs darker.. Primaries very pale gray, resulting
from a sprinkling of minute brown dots on a white ground, somewhat darker towards
the outer margin and apex. Costa with a dark brown streak at the base. and wings
crossed with three indistinct lines made up of dots. Basal line most distinct, at one
third from the base, oblique, straight, parallel with the outer margin, with a distinct
brown dot near the costa, made up of tufted scales. The second line is slightly beyond
the middle, parallel with outer margin for half its length, then rounding rapidly to
the costa. The third line originates near the anal angle, is parallel with the second,
and leaves the terminal space broadest on the costa. Each of these lines is followed
outwardly by a very narrow white shade, and the tip of the wing is faintly striped,
owing to the varying depth of color of the veins and interspaces. Fringes long, dark-
er than the wing, and distinctly separated therefrom by a very narrow pale line.

Secondaries very pale, shaded with darker tints at the apex. Fringes very long,
concolorous, Beneath, immaculaie, primaries darkest.

Expanse of wings o 80 inch, Had. Crystal Springs, San Mateo
County, (Hy. Edwards); Alameda County, Calif. (Behr).

Does not appear to be uncommon in March and April on fences
and at light.

Cisthene plumbea, Head and thorax lead color. Abdomen bright red above,
dusky beneath, Primaries lustrous drab or lead color, with a somewhat triangular
whitish spot on the inner margin, two thirds from the base. Secondaries clear pink,
with a broad costal lead colored margin, which is continued along the outer margin,
decreasing in width to the anal angle. Beneath as above, but somewhat paler,

Expanse of wings 0.85 inch. ad. Texas, Belfrage.

Similar to wetfaseva, but ofa darker and different tint and fewer
pale markings.

Cisthene lactea. Eyes black. Antenne brown. Palpi black. Tongue as
long as the body. Entire insect otherwise white above and on the body parts, the
underside of the wings being smoky, especially the primaries, on the latter are usually
six small black spots, three on the costa, equally spaced; one just outside the discal
cell, and two in the space below the median vein, one of them being near the hase,
and the other near the outer margin, _

Expanse of wings 0.70 inch. Had. Providence Mountain, Bernar—
dino County, California.

This species may not strictly belong to Czs‘hene but the material is
too scant to allow of dissection.

Crocata Belfragei. Eyes black. Head, palpi, collar, thorax and primaries,
concolorous, clear yellowish brown. Secondaries reddish, with a moderately wide,
outer, blackish border. Fringes red. Beneath reddish on all wings, as are the
underside of palpi and abdomen; the latter above, dull orange, with a dorsal and
lateral series of black spots. Legs somewhat dusky.

Expanse of wings 0.85 inch. ad. Texas, Belfrage.

Intermediate in size between rudicundaria and costata, and very
different from either in color and shape of the primaries, which are square
at the tips, the inner margin being much longer proportionally, and the
outer margin less oblique than in either of the species mentioned.

Crocota costata. Eyes black, head reddish, palpi same ‘With dusky tips.
‘Vhorax pale stone color, collar very narrowly edged with red. Abdomen pale red.
Underparts reddish; outside of legs dusky. Primaries pale stone color, dusted with
red scales, which are most conspicuous along the costa and on the discal vein. Sec-
ondaries pale reddish, of the tint of red-lead. Beneath, all wings pale reddish, not so
dark as secondaries above.

Expanse of wings 1.10 inch. Had. Texas, Belfrage.

Allied to ruézcundaria, but larger; with the primaries and thorax of
a very different color; the primaries are long and comparatively narrow,
with the outer margin very oblique.

Crocata obscura, Pale fawn color to smoky brown; when of the latter color,
the entire insect is concolorous, except the eyes which are black, and the costa of the
primaries beneath which is enclosed to red. The same is the case when entirely fawn
color, Sometimes the primaries are fawn color and the secondaries smoky, in which
case the head, thorax and abdomen are the color of the primaries.

Expanse of wings 1.05 inch. Haé. Pennsylvania, Strecker; New
Hampshire, Fernald.

Thisnsect has been sent to me under the name of /errugznosa,
Walker, and is so described by Packard in his monograph of the Bom-
bycidze, but this cannot be as ferruginosa has a discal dot on the sec-
ondaries like brewcornis.

—104—

Callimorpha reversa. ¢ ©. Head and prothorax ochre yellow. Palpi ochre
yellow, black at the tips. Patagia white. Thorax white, with a broad central brown
stripe. Abdomen white, with traces of a narrow dorsal stripe. Legs yellowish, coxz
of anterior pair with a round black dot; outer edges of anterior and middle pair
dusky. Primaries silky white; inner margin, costa, and outer margin rather broadly
edged with dark brown, interrupted at the apex. A brown band crosses the wing
from the anal angle to the costa, about two-fifths from the base; from the centre of
this band, a second brown band runs to the outer margin just below the apex, divid-
ing the wing into three prineipal white patches, The basal patch is triangular (some-
times divided by a narrow basal brown band).” That on the outer margin is more or
less ovate, and is frequently divided near the apex by the brown nervules into three
sub-equal spots; and the costal patch is more or less clearly divided into three sub-
equal spots, by an expansion on the discal vein of the brown costal margin, and by
toothed enlargements of the brown markings, between the discal vein and apex. Sec-
ondaries clear white, immaculate. Beneath as above, but the markings are more ob-
secure, and the costa of all the wings is tinged with yeilow ochre.

Expanse of wings 1.50 to 1.90 inch! /A/aé, Canada, Saunders; New
York, Hy. Edwards; Kansas, Prof. Snow.

This species has long been confounded with Zeconfed, Harris and
Doubleday discussed the question of their specific identity, and Canadian
Entomologists have long contended that two species were included un-
der the latter name, but so far as I know without pointing out the most
recognizable character, which is to be found in the main transverse band
of the primaries. In Leconéet, this starts from the inner margin and goes
to the apex, while in reversa, it starts from the outer margin and goes to
the anal angle, being exactly as in. Clymene, Just as is often the case in
the latter species, the transverse band is sometimes partly absolete near

to the costa, and this seems to be the chief variation.

Arctia approximata. 9. Head and palpi black beneath, front and vertex
pale. Thorax cream color; prothorax with two black spots, thorax with three black
stripes. Abdomen red above, with dorsal series of black spots; tip and underside
black, Legs black touched with cream color. Primaries velyety black, with all the
margins, the nerves and nervules, terminal W, terminal transverse band on which
the W rests, and longitudinal streak, dark cream color. The terminal band is in-
complete, wanting the portion between the subcostal and median veins. A small
pale dot above the origin of the first median vein, is all that remains of the median
band. No basal or sub-basal bands, Secondaries clear red, yellowish round the
black spots, which consist of the discal spot of the median row, all four of the sub-
marginal row, and the two apical spots of the marginal series, which are fused to-
gether round the apex. No basals clouds. Beneath as above, but colors more
diffused.

Expanse of wings 1.45 inch.. length of body 0.52 inch. Aad.
Canada, Hy. Edwards.

A small species close to Saundersit, of which it may be only a
variety. The pattern of the primaries resembles no other species. The
secondaries are like Saundersit and inlermedia. Described from 1 Q,

-—105—

sent me by Henry Edwards, who states that he has another identically
the same.

Arctia obliterata. (j. Head beneath and palpi black; above pale yellowish,
with black spot between the antennee. Thorax pale yellowish, with two prothoracic
and three thoracic stripes. Abdomen black above, yellow ochre along the sides, with
black lateral spots; beneath whitish with two rows of black spots. Legs black;
femora of the anterior pair touched with ochre; outside of all the tibize whitish.
Primaries dark blackish brown; costa, fringes and inner margin, narrowly pale
yellow, as well as the veins, longitudinal stripe, terminal W, and costal half of the
terminal band, this being all that is left of the transverse bands except traces of the
median. Secondaries dull red with black spots, the marginal and submarginal rows
being all present and of good size. There are faint traces of all the row of median
spots, but the discal one is the only one conspicuous. Base unclouded. Apical spots
slightly fused into a narrow apical border. Beneath, as above, but the colors paler
and more diffuse.

Expanse of wings 1.30 inch, ad. (?)

Described from 1 ‘in only fair condition, sent me many years
ago by W.H. Edwards, Esq. After seeing all the other American
Arctians 1 can refer it tonone. The ornamentation of the primaries
places it in the Quenseli?, gelida group, characterized by the presence of
only the costal half of the termina] band, which imparts to them a very
distinct character. Od/iferafa is however the only one in which the sec-
ondaries are spotted, and also the only one in which they are red.

Arctia elongata. ©. Head and palpi black, front very narrowly margined
with pale yellowish white. Thorax the same color, with two prothoracic and three
thoracic stripes which occupy nearly the entire surface. Abdomen above yellow-
ochre, last segment whitish; terminal hairs, two lateral rows of spots, and a moder-
ately broad dorsal stripe, black. Thorax and abdomen beneath, black, with a few
pale marks on the edges of the segments of the latter. Legs imperfect in my speci-
men. Primaries black, markings pale yellowish white. These consist of a narrow
costal border not reaching beyond the median band; a similar border to the inner
margin and the fringes; the median vein very narrowly as far as the terminal band;
the longitudinal streak, terminal W, terminal and median bands both extending from
costa to beyond the longitudinal streak, and traces on the costa of a sub-basal band.
Secondaries clear ochre-yellow, with black spots. All four spots of the marginal and
sub-marginal rows are present, the costal spot of the former, and the three apical
spots of the latter row, being fused into a narrow apical margin. All three spots of
the median row present, the mner one being connected with the base by a black streak.
Fringes yellow. Beneath, similar to the upper surface, but colors less pronounced.

Expanse of wings 1.55 inch. Had. Spokane Falls, Washington
Territory.

Described from one female in good preservation except the legs and
antennz. Collected by Mr. Ricksecker and presented to me by Mr.
Rivers of Oakland, California. The species is very distinct. In shape

==100—

it approaches nearest to Dahurica, the wings being rather narrow, with
the outer margin oblique, and apex acute. If the veins were all pale,
it would somewhat resemble the yellow forms of achaza in color, but not
in shape.

Euchetes murina. <Q: Eyes dark brown, Head and thorax clear stone
color, with a pink shade in the suture between them. Palpi dusky, a few pink hairs
at their base. Abdomen above reddish, with a dorsal row of small black dots. Be-
neath stone color, as are the legs, the fore coxze of the latter shaded with pink. All
the wings pale stone color, above and below. Fringes and extreme costa paler.

Expanse of wings 1.25 inch. Had. Tucson, Ariz.
Not uncommon at light in August. In form it is near eg/e, but

smaller, and differs from it in having pale costa and red abdomen.

Euchetes Bolteri. ©. Palpi, eyes and antenne dull black. Thorax white
above, with a fine red line on the front of the prothorax, Thorax below slate color
with a red patch centrally. Legs dark gray; coxee of anterior pair red; base of the
femora white, Abdomen bright orange aboye, dull white beneath, with a white anal
tuft, a dorsal series of black dots as well as a lateral series. Primaries dull white,
slightly tinted on the outer half with irregular markings of light stone-drab color,
These markings vary in depth of color in different specimens, and extent; in one
specimen they are so close that only fine white points of the ground color of the wing
show between them. Secondaries pale slate color. Beneath, all the wings are uni-
form pale stone-color,

Expanse of wings 1.40 inch. Had. Texas, A. Bolter.

The above description was kindly furnished me by Mr. Bolter,
drawn up from the three females in his possession. ‘The species is very
distinct, being close to e/egans, but differing in color of abdomen and
tint of wings.

Halesidota scapularis. ,j'. Eyes black. Head pale fawn color. Antennz
stout, long, rufous. Prothorax dirty white, with brown median line, Patagia like
prothorax, brown in front. Thorax brown, with triangular white spot in front. Ab-
domen dark yellow ochre above, banded below with brown and pale fawn color.
Primaries dark brown with six irregular bands of white spots. The first basal and
narrow, the spots fused into an irregular curved band. The second row consists of a
large irregular spot below the median vein, and a long costal spot divided by the sub-
costal vein. The third row has a similar costal spot, a small one below the median
vein, and a large one above and a small one below the submedian vein. The fourth
row has five spots, the middle one very small. The fifth row is submarginal, and
consists of eight lunate spots decreasing in size towards the costa where they also be-
come more ovate. ‘The sixth row is marginal, triangular, a small spot at the end of
each of the nervules. Secondaries very pale fawn-white, with four darker submarg-
inal spots, those near the apex largest. ©. Similar to <¥', but the head brown, the
spots on the primaries larger and slightly more irregular, and but. two spots on the
secondaries, the largest near the apex. Beneath, the secondaries show a dusky shade
at the middle of the costa, irregularly connected with the apical spot.

Expanse of wings (j\ 2.00, 9 2.30 inches, Had. New Mexico,
A, Bolter.

—107—

Allied to Sodrina, Jngens and Argentata, but distinguished from all
these by the thoracic parts.

DESIDERATA.

Eudryas Ste Johannis, Walker. Alexicles aspersa, Grote.
Ctenucha Robinsonii, Boisd. Spilosoma antigone, Strecker.
Lycomorpha Palmerii, Packard. Ectypia bivittata, Clemens,
Penthetria majuscula, Hy. Edwards. Leucarctia permaculata, Packard,

ce parvula, Hy. Edwards. Halesidota Davisii, Hy. Edwards.
Nola anfracta, H. Edwards. oa mixta, Neumoegen,
Hypoprepia inculta, H. Edwards. “ minima, Neumoegen.
Cisthene tenuifascia, Harvey. oe cinnamomea, Boisduval.
Eulithos a thoracica, H, Edwards. c macularia, Walker.

ss composita, H. Edwards. Euhalesidota pura, Grote,
Nemeophila Scudderi, Packard. Vanessodes fuscipes.

ae Geddesii, Neumoegen. Eucheetes inopinatus, Hy, Edwards,

Of these desiderata, Ludryas S/e@ /Johanais is in the British Museum;
the types of LZ. Palmerit and Leucarciia permaculata, as well as Lctypia
biwittafa appear to be hopelessly lost; Crenucha Robinson and Halesidota
cinnamomea appear to exist only in the Boisduval collection in France;
FHfalesidota macularia is in the British Museum, but apparently not
known in the United States; and lastly Memeophila Scudderi (Platarctia,
Packard) is Memeophila Selwyni, H. Edwards, and may be in collections

under that name.

NOTE ON SANDALUS.

Sandalus has always been rather an uncommon insect near N.Y.
while Mr. H. W. Wenzel of Philadelphia has found it commonly enough;
he writes: ‘‘In regard to finding Sanda/us petrophya, you inform me that
the insect is rare in the neighborhood of New York. I think if it is
sought for in the right season and locality it might be found as frequent-
ly as I find it near Philadelphia. I do not think Sandalus is a local in-
sect, as I have found it in several places, not before the end of June, and_
the most of them I have captured in the middle of July, and always on
Beech, crawling on the bark or sheltered along the roots of the tree.
Their movements are very slow. 1 have frequently observed them with
head and thorax covered with dirt; have also found them half out of the
ground, but only in the morning. The females are found more frequent
than the males. So far as my experience goes, the larve evidently live
on Beech. ‘The’new classification refers to Sanda/us as affecting various
cedars; I have collected in several cedar districts through Southern New
Jersey but never met with a single specimen on cedar, and wherever I
have found them, there was no cedar in the vicinity.”

105 —

Synonymical Notes. (No. 3.)
By Gerorce H. Horn, M. D.

During a visit made a short time ago to the Museum at Cambridge,
I had an opportunity to examine the types of the species described by
Lieut. T. L. Casey, now the property of the Museum.

The proposed publication of a new list of the Coleoptera of our
fauna rendered it advisable to go carefully over the writings of those who
have specially treated the species of our fauna, With this view the de-
scriptions of Kirby, Leconte, Randall, Newman and Palisot de Beauvois
have been as far as possible re-studied, and those of Melsheimer, Halde-
man and Ziegler are in progress.

In the following pages especial attention has been given to the
species described in an isolated manner, those treated synoptically such
as the Euplecti, Euzesthetus and Steni have been left for future study.

The remarks which follow are based on a comparison of the species
with those of the cabinet of Dr. Leconte, now part of the Museum at
Cambridge.

A few of the species mentioned below have been described in the
Brooklyn Bulletin and are so quoted, the others are in pamphlets pri-
vately printed, entitled “Contributions to the systematic and descriptive
Coleopterology of the United States”, parts t and 2, (the paging being
continuous, ) and ‘‘Revision of the Stenini of America North of Mexico”,
Pterostichus zephyrus, 1, p. 2 = P. adoxus Say, var. rejectus, Lec.

es osculans, id. = P. diligendus Chd.

es manhattanis, 2, p. 72 = P. lucublandus Say. >
Amara apachensis, I, p. 3 = A. remotestriata Dej., var. relucens Mann,

*« marylandica, I, p. 4 = A. basillaris Say.
“¢ pallida, 1, p. 5 = A. rmubrica Hald.

Seeatemucined..1, 1p. 5 —— Au rubsteawon
Bembidium vernula, 2, p. 62 = B. constrictum Lec. typical!
43 acticola, 2, p. 63 = id. slight variety.
ts militare, 2, p. 65 = B. picipes K by.
Es vividum, 2, p. 66 = B, contractum Say.
x deyectums) 25 p67) ——1 (1):
“f vinnulum, I, p. 15 = (Q).

Tachys occultator, 2, p. 69 is allied to pallidus and mordaw.
‘« litoralis, 1, p. 15 = T. pallidus Chd.
Barytachys glossema, 2, p. 70 = T. granarius De).
us gemellus, 2, p. 71 (3).
Discoderus pinguis, 2, p. 75 == D. robustus Horn (4).
Cratacanthus litoreus, 2, p. 74 = C. dubius- Beauv.
ES bisectus, 2, p. 75 = id.
ef texanus, 2, p. 75 = id.

Bradycellus lucidus, 1, p. 8 (5). A
Stenolophus gracilis, 1, p. 14 = S. ochropezus Say.

ss scitulus, 2, p. 78 = S. conjunctus Say, var. rotundatus Lec.
Harpalus opacus, 1, p. 8 = Anisodactylus nigerrimus De).
os manhattanis, I, p. 9 == Xestonotus lugubris De).

$s vespertinus, I, p. 10 (6).
& placidus, 1, p. 10 = H. fallax Lee,

ce convictor, I, p. 12 = H. viridizneus Beawv.
fs canonicus, I, p. 12 = id,
cs lustralis, I, p. 12 = id.
ne EeNEScENS y 1... L2 — id.

Selenophorus zeneopiceus, I, p. 13 = S. pedicularius De).

fs perpolitus, 2, p. 76 = gagatinus De, var.
Anisodactylus arizonz, I, p. 6 (7).
Bidessus nigrinus, 2, p. 80 = B. affinis Say, var. obscurellus Lec.
Helephorus pallens, 2, p. 81 = H. lineatus Say.
Philhydrus angustulus 2, p. 83 = P. reflexipennis Zimm.
Colon decoris, 2, p. 84 = C. thoracicum Horn.
Eumicrus vestalis, 2, p. 85, a valid species,

a punctatus, 2, p. 86 = Cholerus Zimmermanni Schaum.

Tychus testaceus, I, p. 31 = T. longipalpus Leec., fide Lec.

Bryaxis facilis. 2, p. 87, near to B, rubicunda Aube.
SB CTACHISN Toppy 325) aids id.
*¢ inopia, I, p. 33, very near B. puncticollis Lec.
Batrisus denticollis, 2, p. 87 = near B. nigricans Lec.
«¢ _-virginiz, 2, p. 90, allied to B. striatus Lec.
‘* _ aterrimus, 2, p. 91, near B, spretus Lec. and B, striatus Lec.
Arthmius gracilior, 2, p. $8 (§).
Euplectini (species) (9).
Tithanis, new genus = Maseochara Sharp.
Emplenota maritima, I, p. 17 is Polystoma maritimum,
Quedius silvicola, 2, p. 123 = Q. fulgidus Fab. var.
Belonuchus moquinus, 2, p. 125 = Belonuchus xanthomelas Solsky, (10).
Xantholinus fucosus, 2, p. 126 = X. emmesus Grav, var. fusciceps Fvl.
Cryptobium capito, 2, p. 127 = C. pallipes Grav.

convergens, 2, p. 129 = C. floridanum Lec.
“6 parallelum, 2, p. 130 id.
e proximum, 2, p. 132 id.

Lathrobium tricolor, 2, p. 133 = L. ventrale Lec!
ss inops, 2, p. 135 = L. othioides Lee.
Orus picipes, 2, p. 136 = Scopeeus picipes.

‘** punctatus, 2. p. 138 = Scopzeus punctatus (j)).
Stilicus latiusculus, 2, p. 139, a valid species,
Lithocharis tabacina, B. B. VI, p. 65, a valid species.
Edaphus carinatus, I, p. 30 = E. nitidus Lee.

es luculentus, 1, p. 31 id,
Eueesthetus (species) 1, p. 19 (12).
Erchomus flavidus, 2, p. 141 = E. ventriculus Er. immature.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. iy

e 3 — is

Conurus versicolor, 2, p. 142 = C. crassum Grav. immature.
un imbricatus, 2, p. 143 == C. pubescens Payk.
oe occultus, 2, p. 145 = C. basale Say.
es corticola, 2, p. 145 = C. opicum Say.
sf setifer, 2, p. 147 = id.
Bolitobius facilis, 2, p. 148 = B. trinotatus Hr. cab. Lec.

i occiduus, 2, p. 150 = B. cincticollis Say.
Bryoporus parvulus, 2, p. 151 = B. rufescens Lec. var. testaceus Lec.
Mycetoporus inquisitus, 2, p. 152 = M. splendidus Grav.
Apocellus (species) 2, p. 153 (12).

Ptilium fungicola, 2, p. 162 = P, Hornianum Matth.
‘eepununcatum,.2,p. 163) (13):
Trichopteryx radicola, 2, p. 163 (14).

es funginus, 2, p. 164 = T. discolor Haid.

4 longipennis, 2, p. 166 = T. parallela Mots.
Cryptamorpha Hubbardi, 2, p. 167 = Psammeecus Desjardinsii Guer. (15).
Carpophilus zuni, 1, p. 34, a valid species.

Epureea papagona, I, p. 35, allied to E. rufida Mels
Rhizophagus procerus, 2, p. 168, a valid species.
Monocrepidius finitimus, 2, p. 169 = M. auritus Hbst.
Drasterius fretus, 2, p. 170 = D, amabilis Lec.
Anthaxia nanula, 2, p. 174 = D. eneogaster LZ. et G.
ts) simiola, 2, p.175 = id,
ss gemescens, 2, p. 175 = id,
Lyctus parvulus, 2, p. 175 == L. opaculus Lee,
Ennearthron californicum, 1, p. 36, a valid species.
# unicolor, 1, p. 37 = E. Mellyi Mellie.
Serica parallela, 2, p. 176 = S. sericea Illig. immature.
‘© porcula, 2, p. 177 = S. elongatula Horn.
Diplotaxis levicula, 2, p. 178 == D. punctata Lee.

i popino, 2, p. 179, a valid species.

Strigoderma pimalis, 2, p. 181 = S. arboricola Fub. (16).
Lachnosterna subpruinosa, 1, p. 38 (17).

Cryptocephalus ellipsoidalis, B. B. VI, p. 66 = C. insertus Hald.
Disonycha pulchra, 1, p, 51 = D. punctigera Lec,

eo: procera, 2, p. 182 = D. pensylvanica Tllig.

ee arizonz, I, p. 52 == near maritima Mann.
Cheetocnema paupercula, I, p. 53 = C. parcepunctata Cr. immature.
Psylliodes extricata, I, p. 54 = punctulata Mels. very immature.

a angustata, I, p. 55 = P. interstitialis Lec. var. convevior Lec.
Bruchus cubiculus, 2, p. 183 = B. impiger Horn Q.

Epitzagus ovalis, 2, p. 184 (18).
Eurymetopon piceum, I, p. 40 = E. emarginatum (Cus. immature.

“ emarginatum, I, p. 41 (20).

BS dubium, 1, p. 44 (19).

te carbonatum, I, p. 43, is the <f' of dubium (91).
s sculptile, 1, p. 44 = E. emarginatum Cas.

Kt papagonum, I, p. 42 = id, (22).

Emmenastus nanulus, I, p. 45, nearly related to obesus Lec.

—— 1) I

Con ontis elliptica, 1, p. 46 (28).
Eleodes arcuata, I, p. 47 = E. extricata Say (94)
Blapstinus pimalis, 2, p. 185 = B, pulverulentus Mann.
Platydema pernigrum, I, p. 49 (25).
Be parvulum, I, p. 50 = P. excavatum Say.
AG opaculum, I, p. 51 = P. ruficorne Sturm, var. anale Hald.
Mordella deserta, 2, p. 186 == M. lunulata Helm. var.
Xylophilus densus, 2, p. 187, allied to piceus Lec.
~ Notoxus delicatus, 2, p. 189 = N. monodon Fub, var. Pilatei Laf.
Anthicus facilis, 2, p. 190 = A. spretus Lee.
Rhynchites naso, 2, p. 190 (26).
' Anthonomus moleculus, 2, p. 191, a valid species.
Elleschus californicus, 2, p. 193 = E. ephippiatus Say.

Tyloderma nigrum, 1, p. 56 = T. zereum Say.

i punctatum, I, p. 57 = id.
Apion vespertinum, B. B. VI, p. 67, a valid species.
brachytarsus paululus, 2, p. 194 = B. tomentosus Say ¢¥’. ;

The following new genera of Carabidze have been proposed:

Amerinus for Bradycellus linearis Lec. In the first description
(1, p. 7) no distinctive generic characters are given. In fact there are
none if we except the presence of a few squamules on the middle male
tarsi. The new name is unnecessary,

Grycerius for Bradjcellus nitidus Dej. The character given being
the number of sete along the lateral margin of the thorax. The value
of this will be recognized by those having some knowledge of the Cara-
bide. The name is also unnecessary.

1—Bemlidium dejectum Casey. ‘This species belongs to that series of
the Peryphus group in which the dorsal punctures are at the middle
of the third interval, it should therefore be placed with ephippiger
and grandicolle | Lec. Proc. Acad. 1857, p. 4).

2—Bembidium vinnulum Casey. Should be placed in the series with
scopulinum and picipes. It is remarkable in the large and deep
punctures of the striz.

3—Barytachys gemellus, Casey. Closely related to emcurvus and differs
in the absence of punctures in the basal stria of the thorax,

4—The difference in the measurement ,of the episternum of the meta-
sternum between Mr. Casey and myself results from the fact that I
compare the anterior side with the internal edge while Mr. Casey
measures the piece really diagonally.

5—This species must at present remain in Bradycellus but the middle
tarsi being as widely dilated as the anterior mark it as a very peculi-
ar species.

— 2 =

6—Harpalus vespertinus Casey. Allied to and very closely resembling
ellipsis Lec. and differs in having the elytra very smooth in both
sexes,

7—Anisodactylus artzone Casey. Belongs to that series in which the
anterior tibial spur is broader at middle and the hind tarsi shorter
and somewhat depressed. It belongs to the group B-b as defined
by me (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1880, p. 172) and is related to
nivalis by the single puncture at each angle of the epistoma. In
form it resembles semzpunciaius. It is very black and shining (the.
female slightly opaque) the surface sometimes with a slight purplish
lustre.

8—This form is placed by Leconte with géodicolis. I find differences
in the form:of the sexual fovea in all the males examined.

g—As the genera and species are treated systematically the value of the
species will be determined in time. It is however the opinion of
Mr. Ulke, to which Dr. Leconte assented, that icotheus tibialis is
the male of Zudyphlus similis Lec.

10—This species is considered a Philonthus by Dr. Sharp. It is not in-
cluded in my synopsis as I thought and still think that it should
either remain in Belonuchus or that the latter should be entirely
united with Philonthus.

11—Orus does not differ from Scopaeus. The antennz are of genicu-
late. 2. picipes is very close to Scopaeus exiguus Ly. O. punctatus
is from Owens Valley, Cal., the type was formerly one of two in my
cabinet, it is very close to Sc. brunnipes.

12—These are treated synoptically and the value of the species can be
determined by any one having the material.

13—The generic reference seems doubtful. I was unable from lack of
time to dismount the specimen for study.

14—Of this species I saw the elytra only and could not satisfactorily
determine.

15—There is no difference between the specimens from Florida and
those from Oregon, Madeira, Mauritius and New Zealand.

16—The comparisons made by Mr. Casey are between specimens from
New Jersey and Arizona, he having none from the intermediate
regions.

17—The important characters which define the position of this species
have been omitted. It is however allied to muicans,

—113—

18—Lpitragus ovalis is extremely close to plumbeus and very doubtfully
different.

19 —Lurymetopon dubium, In the types of this the thorax isa little
more coarsely and not quite so closely punctate as in raufipes and
the sides of the thorax slightly sinuate near the hind angles. In a
large series before me (21 specimens) these characters are evanescent.

20—Z£. emarginatum is also allied to rufipes but is more elongate, some-
what convex and with the elytra less densely and somewhat
substriately punctate.

21—E£. carbonatum. ‘The typical series of this species consisted of five
specimens. ‘That to which the label was attached is emargimatum,
the other four are males of duécum. Supposing the majority to re-
present the species the synonymy is placed accordingly.

22—The differences between the forms united as emarginatum are purely
individual.

23—The species of Coniontis are with our present knowledge purely
opinionative. I preferred to consider the forms described as C.
elliptica as smaller forms of rodusfa in view of the recognized varia—
tion in Lschscholtzi and viatica. ‘There is almost unlimited op-
portunity for new names in this genus.

24—There can be no doubt in the mind of any one who will examine
a large series of ex/ricata that cognata Hald. is merely a variety and
that arcuatfa Casey is the female of cognaza.

25—Platydema pernigrum has the form of Yanus Fab. but with a more
shining surface and more distinct sculpture. The color differences
alluded to by Mr. Casey are inexact.

26—Rhynchitis naso is allied to _fosstfrons but the thorax is more densely
punctured: the strize are also more coarsely punctured,

Among the Steni the following synonymy has been observed:

Dianous chalybeus Lec. = czerulescens Gyll. A J’ specimen of the latter obtained
by me in Scotland has been returned to me by Mr. Casey as chalybeus.

D. zephyrus Casey = nitidulus Lee,
Areus Casey = Hemistenus Mots. The genusis not considered a valid one.

Ee

We call attention to our page of ‘‘Exchange” Notices. Those having good
species to offer or desiring a particular line of insects, cannot do better than to avail
themselves of its advantages.

—114—

On the Classification of North American Diptera.
(Third Paper. )*
By Dr. S. W. Wittiston.

‘‘The families Stratiomyide, Tabanidz, Xylophagide, Acanthome-
ride and Leptidee form a natural group, which has several characters in
common: three pulvilli, total absence of macrochete, and smooth legs,
deprived of those bristles and spines that distinguish the Asilidee, and, in
a lesser degree, most of the Bombylidz and Therevide.”

‘The principal families in this group are well marked enough, but
there are, along side of them, many forms of transition, so-called synthetic
types, which render the exact difinition of the families very difficult .—
Osten Sacken,**

Three or four of these synthetic genera are peculiar to, or occur in,
North America. These are: Arthropeas Loew, Glutops Burgess, and
‘Nov. Gen.” Osten-Sacken (to include Arshropeas leptis O.-S, and an un-
described species from Washington Territory). Of Bolbomyia Loew, not
enough is known to base any definite opinion—its author was in doubt
about it himself. Dr. Brauer, in his recent extensive review*** of the
genera of Xylophagidz and Stratiomyidz, would place them under the
Xylophagidz. Baron Osten-Sacken, on the other hand, would locate
them under the Leptide. I know but one species, pertaining to the new
genus; its general habitus is so markedly Leptid, that I would agree
with Osten-Sacken that the structure of the antennz should hold a sub—
ordinate value. The larvee possibly, when found, may give more decisive
evidence. Swébula, another disputed form, Brauer retained in the Xylo—
phagide, but pointed out larval relationships with the Stratiomyide;
Osten-Sacken gave reasons (l.c.) for including this genus under the Stra-
tiomyide, a view which Brauer afterwards accepted. f

With these changes, however, I am utterly at loss to find characters
that will distinguish these families, and Iam here compelled to give an
artificial analysis to separate the disputed forms.

The veins separating the posterior cells are here spoken of simply as
posterior veins. In the distribution of the groups I follow Brauer chiefly.

* See ante p. 10 for second paper.
** Berlin, Ent. Zeit., Band XXVI, 1882. p. 363.

*** Denkschr. d. math.-naturw. Classe d. kais, Akad. d. Wissenschaften, Band
XLIV, pp. 59—110.

t Denkschr, etc. Band XLVII, p. 23.

The writings of Loew, Schiner, Gersticker, Osten-Sacken and Brauer
have been especially studied in the preparation of this paper.

Empodium developed pulvilliform, pulvilli present. Without distinct bristles
(diptera eremochzta O.S.). Basal cells of wings large. Third joint of antennee seg-
mentated or annulated. Tegulee small or rudimentary. Proboscis not adapted for
piercing. Males holoptic or dichoptic*.

1.—Tibiz wholly without spurs; veins usually crowded anteriorly............
STRATIOMYIDAE.,

Tibize more or less spurred; the costal vein encompasses the whole wing; two
sub-marginal and five posterior cells always present............ ......- 2

Pe MIEENEM Ice WALI SPUTS! aisicre tie c city oc oiei8 o's « ot pecteteieteteiaie' ss cvasefeieieisss cee eae 3
Ee MAPLUEMUM MN TeeRW TOO SPUTS is caletcle s)isleye\ oi< ccm o's w ealemebtierersiet th oneiaisi ait aim ioe a eee

3.—Third joint of antennz not acute at tip, or, ifso, the scutellum with spines on
TESMSOLCLE Ty pmeee reset isiore iS pp fuicle disjaicislelsiare.«'s «| oemetebalntee XYLOPHAGIDAE.
Third joint acute; palpicylindrical; scutellum without spines..*Arthropeas, Lw.

4.—Fourth posterior cell closed. (Macroceromys Bigot)............. Subula, Meig.

HipEEONDOSLERIOTI Cel MOPEN met arlclehere\sic 5 c+ «'s'« «\ckeatemeneretare erolel «in tateic feet aoe es 5

5.-—Face projecting on each side into a rounded conical protuberance, thickly cover-

ECU MVOMLE MATOS a vec cio sebteravey ee tes +o « « sae pieschsl oe *Glutops, Burgess.

Face with two deep, diverging furrows, running from the base of the antennze to

BHELOLAIM MALOU cote nt.< eis eialettoists sicie.ovs.s + 6 cootstapaciout = cle “Nov. gen. O's:
XYLOPHACIDAE.

Species of moderate or large size, more or less elongated, thinly
pilose, or nearly bare. Ocelli present. Antennz elongate, third joint
annulated or segmentated, never with a differentiated style or bristle.
Veins of the wings distinct, not crowded anteriorly, third longitudinal
vein furcate; five posterior cells. Abdomen with seven or eight visible
segments. All the tibize with spurs at the tip.

The flies are usually found about trees, where they feed upon sap,
or about decaying logs, and are often mistaken for ichneumonids.

1.—All four posterior veins arise from the discal cell; head small; scutellum with

SECS Pay siniavict sci siatekcl a sclebinsl sGaceysiais; sale o'~ « OS ....Coenomyia, Latr.
The last posterior vein arises from the second basal cell; head not small; scutel-
NPEERIARVPRDOUEIS PINES) che cia: aie optic) of ocnd bi cicis' sia. stelMMMtMeyche ae eters ocoralie\sualetelabaree 9

2.—Fourth posterior cell closed; third joint of antennze much elongate, composed of
numerous distinct divisions, often pectinate; eyes emarginate near the antennz
Rhachicerus, Hal.

Fourth posterior cell open; third joint of antennz composed of eight annuli, in-
SIS REEL v Ese PALATE cheraisio;2ic)cts/ePsiais -. sia:s 6.0010. ARRERREVOus\, 5 Xylophagus, Meig.

* I propose this term as the antithesis of holoptic.

—116—

STRATIOMYIDAE.

Head large, hemispherical. Antennz situated at or below the
middle of the head in profile, short or elongate, the third joint composed
of more or less distinct annuli; usually with a more or less differentiated
style, or bristle. Eyes bare or pilose; ocelli present. Scutellum often
with thickened spine-like points. Abdomen elongate, clavate, oval, or
rounded, flattened or convex above, of five or more visible segments.
Legs never very stout, often slender, tibize without spurs (except in some
exotic genera). Wings usually with the veins more or less crowded an-
teriorly, often on the outer posterior part weak and faint; third longitud-
inal vein usually furcate, terminating before the tip of the wing; four or
five posterior cells, all open, the posterior veins not seldom more or less
rudimentary.

Species from three or four to twenty or more millimeters in length,
bare or moderate pilose. They are mostly flower-flies, and are often found
upon vegetation in the vicinity of damp places. Larva pupigerous, that
is the pupze remain within the larval skin till ready to emerge as perfect
insects.

i——Abdomen with'seven) visible'segmients, 10 6/s)s 0. aces oe - cieleictelsiaisls Beridine.
Abdomen: with only fivetor sixtyisible segments... 05 © cee ese ele rersiaeie 2
2—— it hreemposterior veins, allidiseal ) aan nj cisiets> e'e cies « wlekerarae mie Pachygastrine.
Four posterior veins, the anterior ones sometimes rudimentary.............. 3

3.—-All the posterior veins discal, the last posterior cell contiguous at its base with

the discal cell si. ..¢ ..)aaebitets «'n or <6 NolBieewin oho ws, 1 yn os oe 4
The last posterior vein arises from the second basal cell, the last posterior cell not
contiguous atits base withitheidiscall celle ac). 0. + n= osetia 5

4.—Third antennal joint with a long, delicately fringed, lamelli form style; usually
large, more or less elongated species; males dichoptic. (Hermetiin@.).......

Hermetia, Latr.

Third joint not with such a style; abdomen short, not more than twice as long

EES PIEO AUG ere ela ernie ahere lage SME ook 0's 00% o'n 00 sh ais epee eee Clitellarinz.
5.—Antenne with a slender dorsal or terminal bristle... ....0+..+-+0---- Sargine.
Antenne never with a slender or long bristle................-. Stratiomyine.

(To be continued. )

$9

In the article on the Sphingide in No, 5, the word Dilphonota, wherever it oc-
curs, should read Dilophonota.

we

—117—

On the Parasites of Odontota Suturalis.
By L. O. Howarp.

I publish this short note on the parasites of Odonfofa Suturalis at the
request of Dr. Riley, who has recently made an exhaustive study of the
habits and life history of this interesting leaf-mining Coleopter, and who
wishes to refer to the parasites specifically in his paper without the necess-
ity of cumbering it with descriptive matter. He has bred four species,
all of which issued in July.

1, Spilochalcis odontotae, m. This is strikingly handsome species, looking
like a dwarfed specimen of S. marie (Riley.) It was described by the writer to-
gether with other species of the genus in Bulletin 5 of the Division of Entomology.
It issues from the pupa of the Odontota the latter part of July.

2. Sympiezus uroplatae, n. sp. Male.—Length 2.61 mm. Expanse 4.6mm.
Flagellar joints of the antennz distinct and somewhat flattened. Whole of pro- and
mesonotum strongly shagreened. Median carina of metascutellum delicate, straight
and clearly definad. Abdomen ovate. Hind coxe coarsely shagreened above. Color
metallic green; scape yellowish Leneath; front femora brownish at base, distal half honey
yellow, tibize and tarsi nearly white; middle and hind femora brownish, slightly me-
tallic above, tibize and tarsi nearly white with the exception of a brownish tinge near
base of hind tibiz, Wing veins dusky; stigmal more delicate than with other species.

Described from 1 6’, bred from mine of Odontota (Uroplata) sutura-
dis, July 24, 4884 at Washington, D.C. The larva of the Symprezus
was observed on opening the mine, to feed externally on the larva of the
Onodontota.

3. Trichogramma odontotae, n. sp. Female. — Length 0.55 mm., expanse
1.12mm. Color: eyes red, head, antennz, thorax and basal joint of abdomen or-
ange yellow, all legs light fuscous, remainder of abdomen light brown. Antenne
except scape and including pedicel with a few short sparse hairs. Basal portion of
fore wing included by stigmatal vein slightly fuscous, remainder hyaline,

Male.—Length averages about .05 to.1 mm., shorter than Q, with wings of a-
bout the same proportionate length. Colors the same except that the abdomen is
darker, and the fuscous patch on the base of the fore wings is more pronounced. In
balsam-mounted specimens no complete division of the flagellum into joints can be ob-
served and the antennz appear 3-jointed (scape 1, pedicel 2, flagellum 3). Conspic-
uous whorls of hair are present, however, indicating possible sub-divisions. The ap-
pearence is much like that of the ¢¥ antennz of Tr. erosicornis, Westw. (Trans, Linn.
Soc. Lond. Ser. 2, Vol. I. (1878) Pl. 73, figs. 24 & 25) for which Westwood erects
the sub-genus Aprobosca.

Descrbed from (J and Q specimens bred during the month of July
from the egg masses of Odon/ofa suturals on Locust at Washington, D.C.

4. Derostenus (Closterocerus) sp. A number of the brilliant little species of
this genus have been bred in this country from the leaf mines of both lepidopterous and
coleopterous larve. None have ever been described and as they are very difficult of
separation and approach very closely to the European species, I shall not undertake
to publish an isolated species. A study of the American Entedonine will, of course,

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. — 18

—118—

he made in time, and meanwhile this species may be referred to by the manuscript
name Derostenus primus.

‘The fact that a species of this genus has been bred from the pupa of
Lulophus would seem to indicate that Derostenus may consist of second-
ary parasites and tnat this species may have fed in the larva state on the
larvae or pupae of the Spzochalcers or the Symprezus.

ma
Notes and News.

It seems that Mr. W. H. Edwards has not yet forgiven Dr. Hagen
for his article on Colvas. Having on several occasions attempted to dis-
pute Dr. Hagen’s conclusions by bringing out prominently the differen-
ces between the species—thus showing how minute and evanescent they
really are—he now makes his attack in a different way and in ‘ Papilio”
IV, pp. 167—171, with great display of logic and fat type, undertakes
to prove that Dr. Hagen for the sake of annihilating several innocent
species of Cofzas, did wilfully, and with malice prepense, manufacture, in-
vent, and as truths publish, certain facts which had no existence. In
other word sthat Dr. Hagen wilfully lied to prove the identity of two spec-
ies of Colas Of course such charges require no answer from Dr. Hagen.
No one believes them and they therefore do no harm. Still to show that
Mr. Edwards has either withheld evidence he had knowledge of, or did
not inquire far enough before making so grave a charge, the following is
published.

‘Dear Mr. Henshaw:

You probably have ‘‘Papilio”
IV, No. 9 and 10. Will you please read the article ‘On some Historical
Errors’ on p. 167, and give me any information you may have, in refer-
ence to the matters there stated as facts. I am especially desirous of
learning about those insects caught 2 copula. Mr. Stretch says he did
not catch them; did you? What are the facts about that unfortunate
cyanide bottle? Please correct any other errors you may know of in the
article, and let me have your reply at as early a date as possible.

Very truly, John B. Smith.”

Dear Sir:

A number of the statements in the paper
“On some historical errors” (Papilio 1884! [1885] v. 4, p. 167—171)
by Mr. W. H. Edwards require correction.

Dr. Hagen’s statement, that six pairs of Codias were taken in copu-
lation, is correct. Many envelopes, as Mr. Stretch writes, contained
more than a single specimen frequently of widely separated genera, but
in no case were specimens labelled as collected in copulation unless so

—— JI 10

taken; the six pairs in dispute were labelled by me. ‘“‘ and Q taken in
cop.”, so that assumption in this case was unnecessary.

Memory as to the number or per cent of the specimens taken by an
individual collector after a term of nearly two years, is not wholly trust-
worthy and by Mr. Stretch’s reasoning it could be logically inferred that
I collected 95 per cent of the Coleoptera. According to my memory
such a conclusion would be far in excess of the truth, through not more
so than that Mr. Stretch collected fully 95 per cent of the Diurnals. It
is immaterial how many or how few butterflies Dr. Hagen collected, but
I can state positively that he caught and handed to me for labelling
more than five pairs of a single species. Mr. Stretch must surely have for-
gotten the many discussions that took place concerning machaon, mena-
pia and /e/o, not to mention others, when he wrote that Dr. Hagen knew
nothing about the butterflies, and I can bear willing testimony that Mr.
Stretch was too energetic and too enthusiastic a collector to allow his
many interesting captures to miss so appreciative an audience as Dr.
Hagen proved himself on many occasions.

Mr. Edwards’ statement of Mr. Stretch’s remarks, in relation to the
Colias whose color was changed by cyanide are not entirely consistent.
In June 1884 he wrote me that Mr. Stretch claimed that Dr. gen was
wholly mistaken in his account of the matter and in Papilio Vol. IV, p.
170 (received in July 1885,) he writes that Mr. Stretch, in answer to his
question as to what he (Mr. S.) knew about this Colas, ‘‘replied that he
knew nothing of it.”

Mr, Edwards’ English while not ‘‘obscure” is certainly misleading
when he says that Mr. Stretch did not use a cyanide bottle, as he prob-
ably intended saying that Mr. Stretch did not use the cyanide bottle in
question.

Mr. Stretch used a cyanide bottle all the time he collected in Oregon
and Washington Terr.

In regard to the Colas similar in color to C. astraea, I have only to
say that a yellow Colas recognised in the field as corresponding closely
to, if not identical with others previously collected, was placed in a damp,
freshly prepared cyanide bottle, and when taken from the bottle the
hind wings were wet; the specimen was preserved and the facts noted at
the express wish of Dr. Hagen.

The application of the term ‘‘omnivorous” to the new collecting

bottle is not clear to me.
Yours, Saml, Henshaw.

* *

——l Z0——

How shall we collect, in alcohol or cyanide? And how shall we fasten
our small beetles, with gum or with shellac? Practice varies in this re-
spect and each method has its advantages and corresponding disadvan-
tages. Mr. C. Lugger has had an experience this summer that is some-
what suggestive. He transported his collection of Coleoptera to New
Orleans for the exhibition, andthe moist heat of that locality soon
began to produce a crop of mould. Careful examination showed that of
insects on cards, those mounted with gum of any kind were uniformly
mouldy, while those mounted with shellac as uniformly escaped. Pinned
insects collected in cyanide began to mould and decay while those col-
lected in alcohol pretty generally remained sound, Southern collectors
claim that they cannot use shellac because it hardens so rapidly that the
insects turn and twist. Alcohol as a collecting medium has the dis-
advantage that it contracts the muscles of the mouth parts. Dr. Horn
says that. in Bembidium and many other small Carabidz and many of the
Staphylinide there appears a great difference in the proportions of the
joints of the palpi. Two specimens of a Bembidium examined, showed,
one a minute terminai joint hardly + as long as the preceding; while
another, obviously the same species, had the terminal joint fully as long
as the second. The first was collected in alcohol, and the terminal joint
was retracted far into the second; while the other, collected in cyanide,
had the joint extended as far as possible. Care and knowledge are thus
imperative in the use of these organs in systematic work.

ee Oo
Book Notices.

Vol. VI, Part 2, of the Trans. Am. Conn, Ac. Arts and Sc., Is at
hand and contains the following of interest to Entomologists.

New England Spiders of the family Epeiridae. By J. H. Emerton, pp. 295-
342, pl. 33-40.

New England Lycosidae. By J. H. Emerton, pp. 481-505, pl. 46-59.

North American Conopidae, Conclusion. By. Dr. S. W. Williston, pp. 377-
394. pl. 41.

Mr. Emerton here continues his studies on the new England spiders,
and by his clearly drawn plates and careful text gives a great addition to
our knowledge of these handsome though somewhat repugnant insecta.

Of Dr. Williston’s paper we need only say it is good. Our readers
know his style of work.

In the July No. of ‘*The American Monthly Microscopic Journal”
is a note by D. S. Kellicott of an aquatic lepidopterous larva probably
belonging to Ca/aclysta, which forms a free case, similar to that of a
Phryganed, with silk, holding together fragments of Lemna &c,

TON Clog
AMERICANA

VOL. I. BROOKLYN, OCTOBER, 1885. NO. 7.

Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S.

The club met under the rules and pursuant to notice, on the 25th
day of August, at room H of the University of Michigan, at 2 P.M., 23
persons present.

In the absence of the President, the meeting was called to order by
Prof. Osborn, the Vice-President, who stated that Dr. Morris, the Presi-
dent, had announced his inability to attend.

The Secretary stated that the minutes of the meetings at the Phila-
delphia session of the Ass‘n, had been printed in the Bull. BkIn Ent.
Soc.. the Can. Ent. and in the Proceedings of the Ass’n., and printed
copies were in the hands of the members. On motion the reading of the
minutes of the previous meeting was dispensed with.

The following were then nominated and elected officers of the Club
for the ensuing year. President, Prof. J. A. Lintner of Albany; Vice-
President, Mr. E. A. Schwarz of Washington, and Secretary, Mr. John
B. Smith of Brooklyn, N. Y.

Prof. Lintner taking the chair expressed regret at the absence of Dr.
Morris and the consequent want of a presidential address. He stated
that there had not been during the past year any falling off in the interest
taken in Entomology: on the contrary the interest had rather increased,
Those in public positions know this to be the case by the increase and
character of the applications for information, especially from Agriculturists
which were made both to the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, and to State
officers.

The chairman of the committee on arrangements reported what had
been done to obtain papers for the present meeting.

Prof. Riley moved that hereafter the officers of the club be elected

—— ee

at the end of the sessions, in each year, and that the officers thus elected
serve at the meetings of the club the following year. This was seconded,
and a resolution to that effect was adopted.

The Secretary then read the following paper, Dr. Goding not being
in attendance.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH or WILLIAM LEBARON,

LATE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF ILLINOIS.
By Dr. F. W. GopIne.

William LeBaron was. born Oct. 17, 1814, in North Andover,
Mass., and was the son of Dr. Lemueland Martha LeBaron. His father
was a physician of considerable note, and his paternal grandfather a
minister, His maternal grandsire, Dr. Thomas Kittredge, was a surgeon
whose fame extended from Maine to Washington and was one of a long
line of physicans. ‘Thus it is plain that Dr. LeBaron inherited studious
habits and scientific tastes, and even his life study was decided upon
from earliest childhood. j

The neighboring cities soon attracted his less studious brothers, and
upon William devolved the care of the aged mother and grandmother,
both of whom he attended through long illnesses and closed their eyes in
death before he was twenty-five years old.

His early education was acquired under the iron rule of Dr. Putnam
whose school for boys was famed in those days, attracting from far and
near many who afterward attained distinction in their several vocations.
Among his school-mates he was beloved and respected, one of whom
said of him: ‘‘He was the boy with the best judgement among us, In
any dispute we always called upon William to decide; for he was always
so fair and so true, that we were all willing to abide by his decisions.”

From childhood he evinced a strong love of nature and devoted his
leisure hours to studying her in her various branches. First Ornithology
and then Botany attracted his attention; and having made an exhaustive
collection of specimens in each of these departments, he turned his
attention to Entomology to which he ever after remained faithful.

The doctor studied medicine under the tutorship of his uncle, Dr.
Joseph Kittredge, in North Andover, and for several years he practiced
there. We are informed by his family that he graduated from Harvard
Medical College in 1857, hence he must have returned from the West
to complete his medical studies.

In 1841 he married Sarah Farvis Carr of Ellsworth, Maine, and
in 1844 removed to Geneva, Kane Co., Ill. (the old homestead being in
sight of the place where I am now sitting), where the remainder of his

fe

life was spent with the exception of the last year, during which time he
resided in Chicago. While in Geneva he continued in the practice of
Medicine, and he was known far and near for his skill in diagnosis of
disease and surgical operations.

In 1850 he made his advent into the scientific world by means of

_an article published in the old Prairie Farmer, upon the ‘‘Chinch Bug”
which was at that time making serious ravages in the wheat crop, then the
most important product of the State. In this article—-which was re-pub-
lished in Fitch’s 2d N, Y. Ent. Report—he gave the first scientific ac-
count of the life history of this important pest describing it as new under
the name of Rhyparochromus devastutor, Of this paper Dr. Fitch says:
“Little requires to be added to this account”, The same is true of the
many scientific papers written by Dr. LeBaron, as he never published
until the entire subject was thoroughly understood by him. His ex-
haustive researches into the habits of the chimch-bug, and practical sug-
gestions (in thisand subsequent papers) as to their extermination, attract-
ed the attention of the leading entomologists of Europe and America,
with whom he ever after maintained a close correspondence.

In 1861 he was elected corresponding member of the Ltomological
Society of Philadelphia and soon after member of the Mass. Hort, Soc.

In 1865 he became Entomological Editor of the Prairie Harmer,
to which paper he had contributed at intervals, for years, severing this
connection only when his declining health compelled him to do so.

A collection of Dr. LeBaron’s contributions to that paper, of his
answers to correspondents, and other papers read before various Agricul-
tural and Horticultural Societies would make a valuable addition to
entomological literature. We have received a hint from his family that
the publication of a volume containing his essays etc., both published
and unpublished has been seriously contemplated, a fact that-will be re-
ceived with pleasure by all.

The doctor was thoroughly practical in all he wrote, and his state-
ments of facts could be relied upon implicitly, as he tested his discoveries
again and again before he gave them to the world.

In 1870 two candidates appeared for the office of Illinois State Ento-
mologist made vacant by the untimely death of the lamented Walsh—
Dr. Henry Shimer of Mt. Carroll and Mr. Emery of the Prarie Farmer,
both of whom were well qualified for the position. For reasons that can-
not be given at this time, Gov. Palmer refused to appoint either, but
named Dr. LeBaron for the place, taking him entirely by surprise.

From this time he devoted his whole attention to this work that lay
nearest to his heart, until his health gave way under the severity of the
strain. One of the first moves made by him was the purchase of the

—124—

Walsh Collection which secured to the State the finest and most accur-
ately named collection of insects to be found in America. But this was
not all; his labors being of an original nature added directly to our
knowledge of insect life and his name will be handed down to _ posterity
as one of the pioneers of economic entomology.

But Dr. LeBaron’s standing as an entomologist will be based al-
. most entirely upon his Four Annual Reports, the last of which forms a
most valuable text book for the order Coleoptera. He was moved to
undertake this work by the numerous letters he received from young
men interested in the study of entomology, who could find few books
on the subject, suitable for beginners that were within their means, In
his £%/th Report he proposed to compile a similar work on Dzpfera, his
specialty. He had collected much material for it, but his sickness and
death cut short his usefulness, just as he began to give to the world the
results of his half century of arduous study and investigation.

Dr. LeBaron died in Elgin, Ill., Oct. 14, 1876, in the 62d year of
his age, leaving a wife and five children. All are highly respected and
esteemed, one son being editor of the Elgin Daz/y News and Post Master,
and another being a successful publisher living in Chicago.

‘The doctor left quite a collection of insects besides augmenting the
Walsh Collection, and that of the State University.

As you are all conversant with his writings I need not remark that
he was a man of fine literary attainments. A finished classical scholar, he
showed a remarkably fine discrimination in the use of words, and as a con-
sequence his meaning was always perfectiy clear. He was even an authority
to those about him upon all literary subjects, and many an evening
he spent entertaining and instructing the young people of his neighbor-
hood by his keen analysis of the best English and American authors.

He was an active member of the Unitarian Church, being trustee
both east and west for many years. For nearly a quarter ofa cenwury,
consecutively, he held the position of school director, while he was fre-
quently called to fill other positions of trust by his fellow townsmen.

In conclusion, as a neighbor I would say, that more important than
all was the good he did in the community by the example he set and the
high moral standard he held up for all to attain to, who were in any way
connected with him. <A knowledge of his keen discrimination between
right and wrong, and the ease with which he blew away the sophistries
that men of the world use to cover their derelictions from duty, exercised
a restraining influence upon all who knew him.

With a hand ever open to aid the poor and friendless, he gave what
he valued far above money—his time to straighten the crooked paths of
others; and make the doubtful way plain.

-—125—

The poor of the town flocked to his funeral to look once more upon
one, who had been their best friend upon earth. As his writings were a
guide and a help to those who labored in the same scientific field, so his
life was a guide and a help to all with whom he came in daily contact.

His entomological writings both pubiished and unpublished, so far
as I have been able to ascertain, are as follows:

“History of the apple-tree Caterpillar.”
Written in Mass. at an earlier date than the others.

“Worms Injurious to Dried Fruit.’’

“* Metamorphosis of Insects.”’

‘On the Codling Moth, Curculio and Potato Beetle.’’ Delivered at Cobden, III.

‘Insects Injurious to the Peach.”’

‘*On the Extermination of Noxious Znsects.”’ Delivered in Jo Davies Co.

«Connection between Scientific and Practical Entomology.”
In two parts. First, delivered at Jacksonville, Ill.; Second, published in Tr.
Ill. St. Hort. Soc., Vol. 5,

‘Insects Injurious to Field Crops.”

“Sudden Appearance and Disappearance of Noxious Insects.’’? Delivered at Galesburg,

“Communications to Prairie Farmer.”

“Hirst Annual Report of Ill. State Entomologist.” 1871.
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction, —White Marked Tussock Moth. —Fall
Web Worm.—Lesser Apple Leaf-tulder (n. sp.)—Oyster Shell Bark Louse, —
Caliimorpha Pear Caterpillar.—Green Chestnut backed Plum Caterpillar.—
American bine Chafer. —Green Cream Spotted Grape Worm.-—Spinous Cur-
rant Caterpillar. —4-striped Plant-Bug. — Colorado Potato Beetle. — Rose
Slug.—Pine Leaf Louse.

“Second Annual Report of Ill. Slate Entomoloyist.” 1872.
TaBLe OF CONTENTS: Introduction. —Canker Worm,-—Apple and Walnut
Leaf Crumpler (n, sp.?). — Periodical. Cicada. -—- Pear Flea Louse.-—Small
Bronze Flea Beetle. —Spotted Willow Aphis (n. sp.).—Willow Bark Louse
(n. sp.).—Stalk-borer, —Chinch Bug.—Grasshopper parasite (n. sp.?). —Notes
ot the Season.

“Third Annual Report of the Ill. State Entomologist.” 1873.
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction.—Codling Moth.—Hand-maid Moth,—
Cottonwood Leaf Gall Louse.-—'Transporiation of Useful Parasites. —Intro-
duction to Entomology.

‘Fourth Annual Report of the lll. State Entomologist,” 1874.
Consisting of an Introduction, —Outlines of the Study of Insects.—Tables etc.,
and a Treatise on the Coleoptera of North America,

“Apple Tiree Tent Caterpillar.’’ Publ. in ‘‘American Ent.’’ Vol. 2, p. 143.

“Corn Kernels in Cocoons of Cecropia Moth ”. Publ. in ‘‘American Ent,’’ Vol. 2, p.177.

“Nowious Larve’’. Publ. in ‘‘American Ent.’’ Vol. 2, p. 232.

“<The Chaleideous Parasite of the Apple Tree Bark-louse (n. sp.).
“Publ. in ‘‘American Entomologist” Vol, 2, p. 360,

(To be continued, )
nt a

**Ye editor’’ has entered upon the duties of his new office at the National Museum,
Washington D. C., and letters should be addressed to him there. Communications for
the Society and books and pamphlets still go to Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bb

Notes on Chrysomela scalaris, Lec.
By G. W. J. ANGELL.

Lately, while examining some specimens of the genus Chrysomela,
I found an insect answering equally well to the descriptions of sca/aris
Lec. or pAdladelphica Linn, This led me to arrange a series from my
material in tnis group, to find, if possible, intergrades between the two.
Further examination but strengthened the idea, that these so called spe-
cies are but varieties or races of one and the same insect. Before dis-
cussing the series thus obtained I give the original descriptions of Leconte
and Linnzus and also the remarks of Rogers and Crotch.

“C. scalaris Leconte, Ann. Lyc. I, p. 173.

Oval, greenish blue; elytra punctate, yellowish white spotted with blue. Suture

with a broad metallic black stripe, branched in three or four places. Humerus wiih a
large lunate spot; under surface bronzed black, antennz and legs ferruginous.”’

“C. philadelphica Linn. Syst. Nat. II, p. 592.

Oval, greenish black, elytra pale yellow, with a longitudinal stripe near the sut-
ure and a number of dark grecn spots; palpi, antennz and legs rufous, under surface
dark green.”’

Rogers (Proc. Acad. 1856, p. 31) says: ‘‘This insect (sca/arzs) is
closely allied to C. philade/phica of Linnzeus, the difference consists in
the suture being marked with a broad black stripe with which the spots
are connected. In C. philadelphica the suture is black, straight and
narrow, separated from a narrow subsutural black vitta by a narrow
yellow line.”

Crotch (Proc. Acad. 1873, p. 49) separates them as follows:

‘First vitta joined to suture, which is laterally tridentate................. scalaris.
ins tavitta tree, sSutunemot Sreemhy. seeteeraeis = craeltietts iiss. ete oat philadelphica.

He also states that in this group the epipleurs of the elytra are
yellow. This 1 find to be the case in the majority of insects examined,
but it is not entirely constant. From the above descriptions it appears
that the basis of all determinations of these insects has been the metallic
green, tridentate sutural vitta of scadaris and the free, bronzed, subsutural
vitta of philadelphica. In my series I find the following variations from
the typical form. For convenience, I refer to those markings near the
vitta, which being joined to the latter make it dentate, as vittal spots.

A.—Vittal spots small, hardly linear. Humeral markings broken,
not forming a continuous line, Vitta faintly marked. An interior
humeral spot.

B.—Vittal spots linear. Humeral markings connected, and two
interior humeral spots. Vitta more strongly marked, slightly diverging.

C.—Vittal spots longer. Humeral line curved and _ interior spots
connected.

—127—

D.—Vittal spots nearer the vitta,
diverging, almost connected. Hum-
eral line angulated. In these speci-
mens A, B, C & D the markings are
pure bronze.

E.—Vittal spots joining subsut-
ural vitta, making the latter dent-
ate. Humeral lunule pipe shaped
Interior spots combined forming a
single heavy dot. Sutural and sub-
sutural vitta uniting near lower
margin of elytra.

F,—Vittal spots free, vitta sut-
ural. Markings greenish bronze.

G.—Sutural vitta strongly den-
tate. Lower vittal spot free. Mark-
ings green, Margins of prothorax
light yellow.

H.—Vitta broader and denta-
tions more obtuse.

I.—Dentations still more obtuse.
All markings heavier. ‘This is the
common form of sca/aris,

J. & K.—In these specimens the
series reverts somewhat to the phila-
delphica type. The sutural vitta
and humeral lunule are like sca/aris
but the fine lateral spots and red-
dish bronze color of the markings recall philadelphica. This series shows
a nearly complete gradual gradation from the finely maculate form of
philadelphica (1) to the strongly marked sca/aris type (1). A still more
extended series will, I expect, completely demonstrate the truth of the
opinion here advanced. Should further investigation bear me out, the
name fhilade/phica Linn. must stand for both insects, as it has decided
priority. Scadarzs is however a well marked race, in some localities very
constant. Hundreds collected at Cambridge last summer show scarcely
any variation, while specimens from New Jersey, Cape Cod and prin-
cipally Canada are decidedly inconstant and variable.

Figure L represents an insect which has long been considered a
variety of sca/aris. In many collections it bears Dr. Leconte’s cabinet
name ladyrinthica, but it has lately been determined by Dr. Horn as
identical with C. pairsa Stal. Its elytral markings are certainly peculiar

——.26——

and very constant, yet in many specimens of sca/arzs I have seen, there
is a strong tendency towards this form. In regard to Crotch’s paper, al-
ready quoted, I find another important exception to a specific character
given therein, He separates multipunctata Say, and its varieties from scad-
aris and philadelphica, by its partially yellow prothorax. An examina-
tion of figure G will show that in this insect, a decided scadaris form, the
lateral margins of the prothorax are light yellow. ‘lhis leads me to doubt
the validity of mudtipunctata as a distinct species, a doubt which Crotch
also expresses, though he gives no reason for it.

—_——--—_—___——mtl>- 6 <> ¢ <i

Notes on Mexican Lepidoptera, with descriptions
of New Species.

By Henry Epwarps.
(Fourth Paper. )

I continue the descriptions of a few other fine insects collected by
Mr. Wm. Schaus, at Jalapa, Mexico, which, as far as I am able to ascer-
tain, are new to science. They certainly do not occur in any works to
which I have access, and I therefore think it best to place them on record.

FAM. ZYGAENIDAE.

Lycomorpha notha, n. sp.

Form and size of LZ. pholus, Dru. Wholly bluish-black with the exception of a
triangular patch at base of primaries, a very small patch at base of secondaries, collar,
palpi, and inside of fore femora, which are bright orange.

His sa) ON) a(Now228,)

Lycomorpha sinuata, n. sp.

Allied to L, latereula, Hy. Edw. Head, antennz disc of thorax, abdomen and
legs all dull sooty black. Thorax with the sides and base, brick red. Primaries
brick red, with the margins sooty black, very narrowly so at the apex, broadest on
the median vein, thence straight to internal margin. Secondaries wholly sooty
black, except the base, which has a brick red patch. ‘Ihe markings are repeated on
the lower side.

Exp. wings 24mm. Length of body 1omm. 1 Q. (No. 230.)

SUB-FAM. ARCTIIDAE.

Gnophela disjuncta, n. sp.

Somewhat resembling at first sight the common G. vermiculata, G. & R. The
wings are however much narrower, and have a very striking greenish metallic sheen,
while the spots are totally different both in size and arrangement. Below the median
nerve is a narrow stripe, not quite reaching the base, widening from a mere point to
immediately below the cell, where it is excavated, and surmounted by a rather large
subovate patch, divided in half by the black median nerve. The apical patch is
large, cut into 5 spots by the nervures, that nearest the internal angle being a mere
dot. The secondaries have a large spot at the base, which is also divided into two
by the nerve, the lower being almost oblong; and the upper subtriangular in shape.

From the costa near to the apex, runs a large pyriform spot, crossed by two black
nervures. The markings are repeated on the lower side. The fore femora and
pectus are bright orange, the rest of the body bluish-black, the abdomen having a
row of 6 small dots on the sides, and not a stripe as in G. vermiculata.

Exp. wings 45 mm. Length ofbody 17mm. <j. Q. .

SUB-FAM. NOTODONTIDAE.

Janassa laciniosa, n. sp. /

6. Bright but pale fawn-color, with darker streaks. The primaries have the
costa shaded with rich coffee-brown, especially on the apical half. There is also a
sub-apical dash, and some streaks of the same color on the posterior margin. From
the base in centre of the wing runs an olive-brown clouded line, expanding into a
blotch as it passes the cell, but not reaching to the margin. Secondaries sordid white,
yellowish aiong the abdominal margin, and with a bright brown blotch at the anal
angle. Beneath yellowish fawn-color, costa of both wings stained with brown, and
the ends of the nervures of the primaries also marked with brown. Thorax brown
on disk, fawn-color at the sides. Abdomen fawn-color, darkest at the base.

©. Dark coffee-brown, costa fawn-color towards the apex, and a pale fawn dash
at internal angle, which in both sexes is. a good deal jagged. Secondaries darker than —
in the Q’, with the brown anal blotch as usual. Beneath, the primaries are dull brown,
paler on the margins, Secondaries fawn-color, with brown dots at the ends of the nerv-
ules, Thorax and abdomen as in the <j’, the latter with a brown line beneath. 2 J,
3 Q. Jalapa (W. Schaus, No. 398). Mazatlan (Hy. Fdw.).

Exp. wings of 42 mm., 9 50mm. Length of body d' 22mm., 9 20 mm,

SUB-FAM. HEPIALIDAE.

Phassus triangularis, n. sp.

Wings greatly produced into a falcate point at the apices; rich wood brown,
varying in shade, the 9 considerably paler than the ¢. Costa arched at the base,
both it and the subcostal nervure very strong and muscular. ‘The costal margin is
pale fawn-color, clouded with brown, three distinct triangular patches, most apparent
from the middle of costa towards the apex. From the subcostal nervure, about 15
mm. from the base of the wing runs a broad ribbon-like band, which passes into a
point as it nears the internal margin, then upward to the edge of the cell, forming a
very open V-like mark. At the end of the cell it is joined to a clear silvery white
triangular patch, behind which is a double white spot. These white spots vary
slightly in shape in different individuals, but the average form is as here described.
The posterior margins are broadly clouded with rich brown, on the field of which
may be seen 3 macular bands, not passing below the median nervure. On the sub-
costal space above the waved broad band is a row of 8 small oblong pale patches, and
at the base of the wing near the internal margin are 4 pale spots, some of them oc-
casionally with brown centre. Lower wings dull brown, pale at base, and with pale
dashes at the apex. Underside wholly dull brown, with pale marks on the costa of
both wings.

Exp. wings, {140 mm., (160 mm. Length of body, ¢ 70 mm., Q 85 mm.
A magnificent species, evidently belonging to Walker’s genus. The

transformations have been observed by Mr. Schaus, and will hereafter be
referred to,

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 20

—130—

Synopses of Cerambycidae.

By Cuarces W, Leng, B.S.

(Continued from p, 35. ante.)

The following paper on the species of the genera erected at the ex-
pense of Llaphidion is based upon material received by Dr. Horn since
the publication of our synopses (No. 2 May). Those synopses were
submitted to Dr. Horn for the insertion of the new species, but the
material then in hand did not justify him in making any changes and
the absence of Dr. Leconte’s types of Azeflus prevented the careful com-
parison which has led to these notes. We are greatly indebted to
Dr. Horn for the opportunity of publishing them in_ this series and
trust the reader may derive great satisfaction from this final clearing up
of a puzzling group.

ROMALEUM, White.

R. simplicicolle Hald. = procerwm Lec,

‘The differences between these two species are not constant and the
intergradation in the arrangement of the antennal spines on the outer
side of the third and fourth joints is so gradual as to render it impossible
to draw any line of separation. 2. operartum Wht. B. M. Catal. p 309
pl. VI, fig. 9, is without doubt the same thing.

R. seminitidum n. sp.

Form robust, piceous, moderately shining, pubescence very fine and very sparse,
hte surface being almost nude. Head coarsely and deeply punctured, a space clothed
with yellowish pubescence on each side of the occiput within the eyes. Head slight-
ly wider than long, base a little narrower than apex, sides irregularly arcuate, disc
slightly flattened, with three callosities, one med.an larger, one on each side slighily
in front of the middle; surface roughly granulate punctate. Elytra wider than the
thorax, slightly narrowing to apex, the apices sinuously truncate, the sutural angle
dentiform, disc slightly depressed, surface coarsely punctured and sub-granulate at
basal strize, the punctures very rapidly finer and sparser posteriorly, Body beneath
brownish, punctulation fine and sparse, pubescence very fine. Legs brown, punctate,
the tibize not carmate. Length 1.04 inch; 26 mm,

This species closely resembles Zustroma validum and might readily
be mistaken for it without reference to the generic characters. It is more
shining and less pubescent. ‘The antenne are distinctly spinous on the
inner side from the third to tenth joints, ‘and less distinctly on the outer
side from the fourth to tenth.

One Q, Arizona. The male probably has a different thoracic
sculpture as is usual in this genus.

‘ANEFLUS, Lec.

The outer antennal joints are distinctly carinate on their flat sides—
this sentence gives the’ basis on which the genus was erected. On this
point some remarks will appear in the course of this article.

The species of Aneflus are thus distinguished:

Outer joints of antennz more or less distinctly carinated... .......-.........05. 2
Giiter|omtsmotidistinctlyicarimated. ..... . ... (je scemiesisr erscls ese oe volitans, Lee.
2—Third joint of antennz with a very long spine .................5.. tenuis, Lec.
Antennal spines of moderate size............ Ds Sara, aah kt eropst eee ea ae 3
Beilyirassimply cmarcinaterat tpen...1..'.... erereneaersy talsine ysiseers linearis. Lec.
POLE ANS PIDOSE ALSELD strs sqa ces etlece cre» <'< ». Hep MeN ae MeeRereleteteecet ol apne shee et ek tana 4

4—Thorax cylindrical; pubescence of elytra conspicuous.

Disc of thorax vaguely quadrituberculate; antennal spines well developed.
protensus, Lec.

Disc bituberculate at base, an elevated transverse line slightly in fropt of mid-

dlessantennalitspmesismall 9... ... . aesteleee Piero seen prolixus, Lec.
Thorax distinctly narrower at apex, the dise very roughly sculptured; pubescence
DRelyiranveny, iN CONSPICUOUS: ...; . . ...., cee cloth ne ais calvatus, Horn.

A. volitans Lec, New Species, 1873, p. 186. Brownish, sparsely clothed with
long pale pubescence. Thorax longer than wide, base and apex equal, sides feebly
arcuate, disc densely rather coarsely punctate. Elytra closely coarsely punctate, the
puncturers finer posteriorly, the apices truncate, the sutural angle acute not spiniform. ©
Tibize with flying hair. Length .40 inch; 1omm.

The carinze of the outer joints of the antennze were said by Dr..
Leconte to be obsolete, in fact from an examination of the type I can-
not find that they exist at all. The spine of the third antennal joint is
two-thirds as long as the fourth joint, while that of the fourth is above
one-third the length of the fifth joint.

This species is placed at the beginning as an expression of its close
relationship with some Elaphidion as acudeatum and subpudbescens and as
the genera constructed at the expense of Elaphidion are at present de-
fined there seems to be no reason why A. volefans should not be placed
near the species above cited, unless it be placed in Psyrassa Pascoe.
The latter genus and the value of its characters will be referred to later on.

One specimen. Lower California.

A. tenuis Lec., Proc, Acad. 1854, p. 81. Brownish or piceous, sparsely cloth-
ed with white pubescence, Head very coarsely punctured, Thorax longer than wide,
base very slightly narrower than the apex. Sides feebly arcuate, disc coarsely and
deeply punctate, an indistinct smooth median line. Elytra coarsely and deeply but
not closely punctate, the punctures gradually finer toward the apex, the apices emar-
ginate, not spinose, Length .46—.64 inch; 11.5—16 mm.

The carinze of the outer joints of the antennz are very indistinct.
The third joint has along spine equal to half the length of the fourth
joint, the other joints are mutic. This species should probably be placed
in Psyrassa, if recognized.

Occurs in south-western Texas.

—132—

A. linearis Lec. Proc, Acad. 1859, p. 80. Rufo-testaceous, sparsely clothed
with whitish pubescence, Thorax longer than wide, sides arcuate, disc coarsely dense-
ly punctate, a slight smooth space at middle posieriorly, Elytra coarsely punctured,
the punctures somewhat finer near the apex, the apices separately emarginate-
truncate, not spinose, Length .40—42 inch: 10—10.5 mm.

The outer joints of the antennee are distinctly carinate on their flat
sides, the third, fourth and fifth joints with a short apical spine. The
flying hairs of the ubiz are long but not very numerous.

Occurs at Tejon, California.

A. protensus, Lec. (Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 82.) Brownish piceous, clothed
with grayish-white pubescence. Thorax longer than wide, scarcely perceptibly
narrower al apex than at base, sides feebly arcuate, slightly obliquely impressed near
the base, disc convex, very coarsely and roughly punctate-granu.ate with four d.stinct
elevations arranged in a quadrangle and a narrow median smooth callosity. Llyua
coarsely not closely punctate, the punctures gradually finer toward the apex, the
apices bispinous <j’ or with the suture above spiniform ©. Length 1.06 <j, 1.20 Q
inch, 26.5—30 mm.

‘The pubescence of this species is nearly as abundant as in £/aph.
atomartum but more regularly placed. ‘The joints three to six of the
antennee are distinctly spinous, the spines gradually shorter. ‘The outer
joints are distinctly carinate on their flat sides.

Occurs in Arizona and northern Sonora,

A. prolixus, Lec. n. sp. 1873, p. 203. Piceous, moderately densely clothed with
cinereous pubescence with a few longer hairs intermixed. Thorax longer than wide,
nearly cylindrical, coarsely and closely punctured, disc moderately convex with two
slightly elevated tubercles near the base and a transverse elevated line slightly in front
of the middle. Elytra coarsely not closely punctured, the punctures finer posteriorly,
the apices bispinous in both sexes, Length 1.00 inch; 25 mm.

The outer joints of the antennee are very distinctly carinate, the joints
three to six with a short spine at apex. The slight transverse elevated
line of the thorax is made more conspicuous by the arrangement of the
pubescence,

Occurs at Cape San Lucas, Lower California.

A. calvatus, n. sp. Brownish piceous, moderately shining, surface with very
fine, sparse and inconspicuous pubescence. Head coarsely punctured. Thorax
longer than wide, base one-half wider than apex, sides feebly arcuate, disc coarsely
and roughly punctured with a tendency in the punctures to become transversely con-
fluent. klytra double the width of apex of thorax, parallel, coarsely and deeply, not
closely punctate, the punctures finer near the sides and toward the apex, apices bi-
spinous in the emargination between the spines and distinct tooth, Body beneath
sparsely punctate, Length 1.16 inch.; 29 mm.

The outer joints of the antenne are very distinctly carinate on their
flat sides, joints three to six distinctly spinous at tip. The legs are feebly
pubescent without flying hairs. It is conspicuous among the larger
species by the very feeble pubescence of the surface.

One specimen (._ Arizona.

The table and remarks which precede are made from the species
(the typical specimens) which Dr. Leconte considered as belonging to
the genus Aneflus. ‘I’wo of the species are, however. doubtful as mem-
bers of the genus from the fact that in one (vo/ifans) the antenne are not
at all carinate, while in another (zs) more faith than sight is required
to see it ‘These two speciesgshould without any doubt be referred to
Psyrassa Pasc., if it is to be recognized. In the latter genus Pascoe in-
cludes our L/aphition uniolor, Rand.

One of the essential characters of the group, Spherionides, to which
Psyrassa is referred, is the presence of carinee on the tibia, ‘This is cer-
tainly not the case in wicolor, ‘*The spine of the third anteunal joint
is remarkably long; and this seems to be a good generic character”
(Bates, Biol. Cent. Am. V, p. 28). In wmzcolor the spine is rarely re-
markably long, never longer than one-third of the following joint, usual-
ly it is not longer than in willosum or truncatum. As far as the antennal
spine and the carinate ubiz voditans and /enuis are Psyrassa. Assuming
unicolor to be also a Psyrassa we observe a gradual fading out of all the
characters: the tibize are very distinctly carinate in éenuis, scarcely so in
volitans and not atall in wzcolor; the spine of the third joint of the an—
tennz is two-thirds the length of the next joint in voléans, one-half in
Zenuis and less than a third in wacolor. After studying all the characters
of the species cited I can only quote the remarks of Leconte regarding
unicolor and apply them to the three species: ‘‘I can find no sufficient
characters for separating this asa distinct genus, much gess placing it in
another tribe”. In conclusion I would suggest that /emuzs and volifans
be returned to Elaphidion and placed between sudbpudesvens and unicolor.

EUSTROMA, Lec.

The antennz are stout, in the male as long as the entire body, in
the female much shorter. ‘The antennz are not carinate in the same
sense in which that term is used for Aneflus and it therefore seems better
to place Eustroma in closer alliance with Elaphidion.

‘The excavation of the underside of the antennal joints is more evi-
dent in the males. The oval patch of pubescence near the front angles
of the thorax is purely a male character and at the same time it is well
to note that the male femora are much stouter than those of the female

The differences between Eustroma and Elaphidion are really feeble
and restricted almost entirely to the antenne: it will, however, be observ-
ed that the metasternal episterna are broader in Eustroma but parallel,

Gro. H. Horn.

—134—

Yo Dr. Horn’s npte on Lustroma we may add that the outer joints

of the antennz are compressed and pubescent, the lower joints shining, ~

sparsely punctured and thinly clothed with long fulvous hair; joints 3—7
spinose. The mandibles are stout and actte, with the outer margin
suddenly bent near the tip in G (asin Axeséimus) but regularly curved
in Q@. The body above and beneath is junctured and clothed with
rather coarse yellowish brown hair; the prothorax has several smooth
confluent spaces, the intervals being very coarsely punctured. The
elytra are feebly truncate at tip and armed with a small sutural spine.
E. validum, Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1858, p. 82.
Hab. Texas, Lower California.

TYLONOTUS, Hald.

Contains one species of variable size and coloration, distinguished
structurally by the strongly clubbed femora and bisulcate antennz and
further from the succeeding genus by the callosities of the prothorax.
The color is dark brown with part of the thighs and a blotch before the
middle and another at the apex of the elytra testaceous. ‘The surface is
punctured (only thinly on the elytra) and sparsely pubescent.

T. bimaculatus, Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 38.
Length .40—.60 inch. = 10—15 mm. Hab. Penn., N. Y.

ZAMODES. Lec.

Contains again a single species, opaque black in color, clothed
with dense brofnish pubescence, mixed with erect hairs; prothorax
rounded at sides, punctured; elytra strongly punctured before, gradually
less behind. The species resembles Zy/onofus but differs in the antennee
not being sulcate, the prothorax having callosities and the legs being
piceous.

Z. obscurus, Lec. S.M.C.. No. 264, 1873, p. 188.

Length .52 inch. = 13mm. Hab. Penn., N. J.

COMPSA, Perty.

Prothorax punctured, without callositiessam. «<. <1... - secs feeeeneee puncticollis.
Prothorax not punctured, with a narrow callus elevated at middle, and an elevated
tubercle onveach side of the basemernpurr na ++ ccc spams seen quadriplagiata.

C. puncticollis, Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 188.
Length .32-—.52 inch. = 8—13 mm. Hab. Lower California.

An elongate blackish shining species, the body clothed with gray
pubescence. The sides of prothorax are rounded and the regular punct-
ulation of the elytra is mixed with a few larger punctures.

C. 4-plagiata, Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 189.
Length .40 inch. = 10mm. Hab. Lower California.

The color is dark brown, each elytron bearing two quadrate pale

-—135—

spaces. he larger punctures in this as in the preceding species support

flying hairs which are not however very long or as conspicuous as in the
ying Y 1ONg

polished species of Heterachthes.

HETERACHTHES. Newn.

The species of this genus are strongly allied to the preceding and
are easily known by the very elongate form, the large and coarsely granu-
lated eyes and strongly clavate thighs, ‘Ihe antenne Q are slender, but
the joints 3—6 in (fare remarkably thickened uniformly throughout
the length of each joint. Three species are recognized as follows:

SYNUPSIS OF HETERACHTHES.

FKemora strongly clavate; elytra shining, with paler markings;

Prothorax roughly punctate without callosities..............0e..0..000- nobilis.
Prothorax with a few piliterous punctures and callosities at middle... .......
quadrimaculatus.

Beaonaiess incrassated;, elytra opaque black... . /Mecmuges cs + esse noone ebenus.

H. nobilis, Lec. Proc, Ac. Phil. 1862, p. 41.
Length .50 inch. =12} mm, Hab. Texas.

‘{his species is the largest of the three. The prothorax is trans-
versely impressed before and behind as in the following. The elytra are
omamented with two pale fascize, one before the middle interrupted at
the suture and one behind the middle, angulated in front.

H. 4-maculatus, Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. 1862, p. 43; Lec., J.A.P., ser. 2,

I. p. 23.
Length .30 —.45 inch. = 73—11 mm. Hab. Penn., Mo.

Varies considerably in the markings, ‘The general color above is
darkish testaceous with paler spots,
H. ebenus, Newn. Ent. p. 9; Hald., Trans. Am, Phil. X, 1847, p. 43; Lec.
J.A.P., ser. 2, Il, p. 23; dimidiaticornis Dej. Cat. 3. ed. p. 359.
Lengih .42 inch, = 103 mm. Hab. Southern States.
| Very easily known by the opaque black color and structural charact-
ers named above.
PLECTROMERUS, Lec.

Contains one species:

P. dentipes, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. V, 1790, p. 268; Ent. IV, 70, p. 29; scambus
Mewme Ent p, 79; Lec., J.A.P., ser, 2, II, p. 22.

Length .g40 inch, = 10 mm. Hab, Georgia, Florida.

‘The form of this species is cylindrical and the surface is polished
and glabrous. Prothorax nearly straight on sides. Antenne with 4th
joint much shorter than 5th. Thighs suddenly clavate armed beneath
with a broad tooth which is larger than in Curtus. Color testaceous,
the elytra with two fuscuous bands.

—136—

CURIUS, Newn.
C. dentatus, Newn. Ent. p. 17; Dej. Cat. 3. ed., p 358: concinnatus Hald.
Trans. Am. Phil. X, 1847, p. 43..
Length .24 inch. =6mm, Hab, Florida.

Form depressed, surface dull, slightly pubescent. Color pale brown,
the elytra with three longitudinal darker spots. ‘The eyes are coarsely ;
granulated, the antennz slender, longer than the body, annulated, finely
punctulate and pubescent.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

1 Dicenthrus Bluethneri. 12 Curius dentatus, *

2 Eburia 4-geminata, 13 Peecilobrium chalybeum.*
3, Elaphidion rufulum. 14 Fumichthus cedipus. *

4 5 parallelum. 15 Phyton pallidum.

5 Aneflus protensus, 16 Obrium rubrum, *

6 Eustroma validum., * 17 Hybodera tuberculata.

7 Tylonotus bimaculatus. 18 Megobrium Edwardsii.*
8 Zamodes obscurus. 1g Callimoxys sanguinicollis,
g Compsa puncticollis.* 20 Molorchus bimaculatus.
1o Heterachthes 4-maculatus, 22 Ancylocera bicolor.

11 Plectromerus dentipes. *

* The drawings for this figure we owe to the kindness of Dr. Horn.

ao

In a specimen of Joni/ema sent me as semipunctatum 1 observe a
strange aberration. The tarsus of one hind leg is five-jointed, the first
four joints being quite equal in length but each shorter than usual so
that the four occupy only the length that the usual three would do. The
final joint is of the usual size. The spongy pubescence which covers the 3d
joint only, on the normal tarsus, is in the other spread over all four joints
and reaches even the tip of the tibia. In view of the well established theory
that such aberrations are a reversion to an ancestral type more or less re-
mote, this specimen would be a further indication that the Longicorns are
descended from individuals possessing five jointed tarsi. CHas, W. LENG.

oo <> —_____

Not everybody knows the qualifications required to make a good
Entomologist, but we have recently discovered one not previously known
to us, and which might prove interesting. A well known Coleopterist re-
joices not only in a fine collection, but in a little six year old son who
takes a great interest in his father’s coliection and in his callers as well.
Recently came a visitor who was viewed by the youngster with a great
deal of interest and curiosity. After he had left, the boy sidled up to his
father and said confidentially: ‘‘Papa! that wasn’t areal one; was it?”
‘‘What do you mean?” said the astonished father. ‘‘He collect insects;
don’t he?” ‘Yes, certainly.” “But he isn’t a real collector; not a genuine’
one I mean!” ‘‘But why not?” ‘‘Because he has too much hair on his
head: all the real ones have very little!’ said the youngster decidedly.

PLATE III,

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, OCTOBER, 1885.

Huebner’s Tortricids.

By Pror. C. H. Fernatp, StaTE CoLLecE, Orono, Me.

The time of publication of some of Hiibner’s works has been a mat-
ter of no little investigation on the part of entomologists, and many pa-
pers have appeared on this subject, in the European Journals. I have
thus far interested myself only so faras pertained to the Tortricids, that I
might get the most accurate information, in the matter of priority, for
my work on the revision of this group.

Hiibner published in his Sammlung Europdischer Schmetterlinge,
forty-six plates containing two hundred and ninety-one colored figures of
European Vortricids, and Carl Geyer who continued the work after the
death of Hiibner in 1826, published seven plates of Tortricids, contain-
ing forty-nine colored figures.

Mr. S. H. Scudder stated in his historical sketch of the genera of
Butterflies, page g8, that Dr. Hagen told him the works of Hiibner were
in their original wrappers in the Konigliche Bibliothek in Berlin. Wish-
ing to get what help might be obtained from this source, I wrote to my
kind friend Mr. O. Budy in Berlin, who went to the Royal Library and
examined Hiibner’s works for me. He writes that Hiibner’s part of the
Sammiung is not in the original wrappers, but the continuation of the
same by Geyer is still in the wrappers of which there are two. In look-
ing over the volumes of Hiibner, Mr. Budy found several prospectuses
by Hiibner himself, bound in the last volume. These were carefully
copied and sent to me and they furnish some additional evidence bearing
on the date of the publication of Hiibners works; but at present I shall
mainly make use of what pertains to tne Tortricids.

_The first prospectus is without date but gives a list of Hiibner’s
works then for sale, and from the Sammlung, only the Pyralids, twenty
plates, and the Sphinges, sixteen plates, are offered. The dates of these are
there given as 1796, so that whatever may have been the date of this pro-
spectus, 1796 may be regarded as the date of the first twenty plates of the
Pyralids and the first sixteen plates of the Sphinges. The statement is
also made on this prospectus that the Tortricids and Tineids will appear
very soon, therefore it must have been /a/r than 1796, when they were
published.

The second prospectus is dated Augsburg Dec. 21, 1806, and adver-
tises four hundred and seventy-five colored plates of the Sammlung, with
title page and text, but does not state what the plates are. The third
prospectus, dated 1807, advertises four hundred and ninety-seven plates
etc. The fourth, dated 180g is also of little value for our purpose, It
advertises 34 4-5, fifteen plate issues. The fifth prospectus is dated Augs-

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 21

—138—

burg Dec. 22, 1823, and advertises for sale such of Hiibner’s works as
had appeared up to that time, and states of the Sammlung, that there
were the title page, twenty-five pages of descriptive matter and six hund-
red and sixty-three plates, namely: Papilio 161; Sphinx 34; Bombyx
67; Noctua 151; Geometra 100; Pyralis 30; Tortrix 46; Tinea 67; Al-
ucita 7. This is signed by Hiibner himself.

The first part of Geyer’s contribution is still in the original wrappers
dated Augsburg 1830, and contains the Tortricids, plates 48 to 52 inclu-
sive, with title, preface and two sheets of text. The second part of the
continuation is in the original wrappers dated Augsburg 1834, and con-
tains five plates of the Noctuids, Nos, 158 to 162. Inthe same wrap-
pers is contained a prospectus of the whole work dated Augsburg, Jan. 1,
1834, giving the prices and signed by Carl Geyer. In this are adver-
tised, fifty-three plates of the Tortricids, all that were ever published, with
the number of plates of the other families.

A careful examination of the contemporaneous works is of import-
ance in this question and | have looked over all that I have access to.
In Illiger’s edition of the Verzeichniss der Wiener Gegend which bears
the date of 1801, there is a notice in the first volume as follows:—“The
2nd volume (that containing the Tortricids) is already in press. Ostern,
1800.” Now this second volume contains reference to the first thirty
plates of Hiibner’s Tortricids and as it was already in press in 1800, these
plates must have been issued defore 1800, but from the first prospectus
mentioned above, they must have been issued /afer than 1796.

The portion of Haworth’s Lepidoptera Britanica which includes the
Tortricids,—as shown by the original wrappers in the Banksian Library
in London, —was published in 1811 and contains references only to the
first thirty plates of the Tortricids in the Sammlung. Whether there
were any more published at that time I have no means now of determin-
ing but of course Haworth had seen no more,

Charpentier and Sommer’s Ziinsler, Wickler etc. published in 1821,
contains references to plate 40, so that this plate must have been in their
hands at that time and the first 40 plates must have been published be-
fore 1821. On the 22d of December 1823, Hiibner advertises the first
46 plates of his Tortricids for sale as shown above by the fifth prospectus.
We may reasonably infer that this last date is the time of publication of
plates 41 to 46 inclusive.

Hiibner’s Verzeichniss contains references to the plates of the Tor-
tricids up to and including plate 46, and yet this work purports to
have been published in 1816. We see no way to explain this discrep-
ancy except to agree with Scudder that the Verzeichniss was published in
parts and that only the first part with the title page really appeared in

1826, and the part which includes the Tortricids, could not have been
published earlier than 1823 and perhaps later than this.

Frolich, in his Enumeratio Tortricum, published in 1828, refers to
the first 46 plates but not to the 47th. Treitschke in Die Schmetterlinge
von Europa, Vol. V. published in 1830, (the preface 1s dated Dec. 1829),
refers to this 47th plate, so we may feel sure it was published late in 1828
or early in 1829, after Frélich’s work but before Treitschke’s. The con-
temporaneous French and English works afford no assistance for their
authors do not appear to have received Hiibner’s works for some little
time after their appearance.

Plates 48 to 52 inclusive, of the Tortricids were published in 1830
as shown by the date on the original wrappers in the Royal Library in
Berlin, Plate 53, the final one of the Tortricids in the Sammlung, is re-
ferred to by Treitschke in his Supplement, Part 3, published May roth,
1835, but this plate was first offered for sale by Geyer in his prospectus
dated Jan. 1, 1834 which must be regarded as the time it was published.

Summing up the above, the dates of publication of the Tortricids in
Hiibner’s Sammlung Europidischer Schmetterlinge are as follows:

Plates 1-30 incl. were publ. later than 1796 and earlier than 1800.

Bon a= 410)/** = . Homey. mt 1820,

ee AT— aig 6 = Dec. 22,0702.

** 47 was published late in 1828 or early in 1829.

‘© 48-52 inclusive were published in 1830.

** 53 was published Jan. 1, 1834.

+ 2
The Present Status and Future Prospects of Silk Culture
in the United States.*
By C. V. RIzeEy.
‘The subject is discussed under the following heads:
The adaptability of the U.S. to Silk-culture,
Silk-culture in the Gulf States.
Silk-culture on the Pacific coast.
. Profits of Silk-culture.
Necessity for a home market for the cocoons.
The prospects of establishing a market by private enterprise. ¢
The practical outcome of the efforts by the Department of Agriculture
in promoting Silk-culture under present restrictions.
The paper deals with the above named subjects in detail and the es-

sential.conclusions are:

1. The adaptability of our country to Silk-culture is proven beyond
all question.

* Abstract of a paper read at the recent meeting of the Am. Ass. Adv. Sc.

—140—

2. That the profits are so small that by far the larger proportion of
those who become interested abandon the culture after the first year.

3. That the present encouragement given by Congress through the
Department of Agriculture has been productive of good in that it has en-
abled the establishment of three reeling centres, one at Philadelphia, one
at New Orleans and one at San Francisco, which are in active operation
and furnish a home market for cocoons.

4. That there is great difficulty in carrying on the experiment on
true business principles because of the law which prevents the Commis-
sioner of Agriculture from selling the products of these reels and thus
utilizing the income.

5. That this encouragement has intensified the interest felt in the
subject, but that it can endure only so long as Congress chooses to con-
tinue the appropriation. This, once withdrawn, will precipitate a
reaction.

6. Finally, that no permanent advantage can be secured until tariff
/egislation gives real encouragement to the industry and recognizes the
fact that so-called “raw silk” is a manufactured article and should, if
other manufactured articles are protected, receive like protection.

————_ . —_——=>- ae
Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society, September 1, 1885.—Twenty-six mem-
bers and visitors present. Mr. J. B. Smith in the chair. Mr. Leng the curator
reported large accessions to the cabinet, and progress in arranging the material.
The Society has now an almost complete collection of the Cicindelide and Car-
abide of the vicinity of N. Y. Mr, Hulst, the librarian reported large accessions
through exchanges and that books had been re-arranged und newly catalogued.

Lt. T. L. Casey was elected a life member of the Society. Mr. O. Dietz was
proposed for membership by Mr. Julich, and Mr. Adrian T. Birkhoff by Mr.

Weeks,
The resignation of Mr. L. C. Schenk was presented and accepted. Mr.

Leng read a paper on ‘‘Hypocephalus armatus’’.* My. Smith gave an account of
the meetings of the Entomological Club of the A. A. A.S., and called attention to
some interesting facts presented, and stated they would be published. A discus-
sion was had over the peculiar structural modification of Cosmosoma omphaie in
which Messrs. Hulst, Leng, Neumoegen, Graef, Weeks and Smith participated.
Mr. Hulst exhibited a suffused specimen of Danais archippus Mr. Doll says a
damp ¢yanide bottle will produce the same effect. Mr. Mohns has seen just
such specimens on the wing and does not believe in its being the effect of ceya-
nide, A discussion was had in reference to the action of cyanide in changing
colors of insects. Mr. Waters exhibited specimens of Saturnia galbina and states
that these are the imagines belonging to the cocoon exhibited at the May meeting
of the Society but he cannot account for the presence of Anisota Heiligbrodtii, in
the box, as there seemed to be no other kinds of cocoons,

*This will appear in full in a future number.

TONG lg
AMERIGANA

POL, I. BROOKLYN, NOVEMBER, 1885. NO. 8.

The North American Myriapoda.

By Lucien M. UNDERWOOD, PH.D.

In order to call the attention of collectors to this interesting though
much neglected group of Arthropoda the following outline sketch of the
literature of the American species and synopsis of the genera heretofore
recognized in America have been prepared.

The first paper of importance was published in 1821 by Thomas
Say’, describing fifteen species half of which will probably stand as good
species in the genera in which they were originally described and others
in genera established later.

Nothing more of importance appeared until 1844, when George
Newport’ published his extensive Monograph in which five American
species were described together with the new genera, Zhea/ops and Scolo-
pocryptops to which some of Say’s species were referred.

Girard*, in 1853, described Scolopendra heros, the ‘‘centipede” of
the South-West, and two species of Zu/us. Three years later Sager* gave
three almost unintelligible descriptions of Myriapoda giving neither
structural characters nor localities. Two of the three species, have, how-
ever, been identified by later writers.

s

1 Thomas Say. Descriptions of the Myriapode of the United States. Jour.
Phila. Acad. II, 102—114, 1821 (Reprinted in Collected Writings, Edited by Le-
conte, II, 24—32).

* George Newport. Monograph of the class Myriapoda, Order Chilopoda.
Trans, Linn. Soc. XIX, 265—302, 349—439, 1845.

8 Charles Girard Myriapods. Appendix F to Marcy’s Report on Red River
Expedition, 243—246, Plate, 1853.

* Ab. Sager. Descriptions of three Myriapoda. Proc. Phila. Acad. VIII,
109, 1856.

—142—

In 1861, H. C. Wood’, better known by his work on the Fresh
Water Algae, commenced a series of papers which culminated in a mono-
graph, ‘‘The Myriapoda of North America”, published in 1865, the
most important paper ever published on the subject in this country. In
the first paper he describes four species of Sco/opendra from America be-
sides numerous exotic species.

In 1862 Dr. Koch® published his monograph of the genus Lzthodius
in which he described Z mordax and JZ. transmarinus from Louisiana,

Then follows the remainder of Wood's papers. His paper on the
Chilopoda appeared in 1863, in which he describes twenty-six new
species from America together with the new genera, Bothropolys and Opis.
themega. In 1864 three papers appeared in the Proceedings of the
Philadelphia Academy; the first on the Polytesmid@, describes ten new
species; the second on /u/id@, describes eleven species of /u/us and three
of Spirobolus; the third describes the new genera, Octoglena and Brachy-
_cybe with O. bwirgata and B. LeConter, new species. In 1865 appeared
his chief work ‘‘The Myriapoda of North America” published by the
American Philosophical Society in quarto with three plates; this work
describes all the genera and species known to inhabit the United States
at that ume, amounting to eighteen genera and ninety-two species. In
1867 two additional papers were published, describing new species from
Texas and California, the former with four species the latter with six
species.

5 Horatio C. Wood Jr. Descriptions of new species of Scolopendra in the Col-
lection of the Academy. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1861, 10o—15.

On the Chilopoda of North America with Catalogue of all the specimens
in the Collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Jour. Phila, Acad. n.s. V, 5—42,
1863.

Descriptions of new species of Nerth American Polydesmidee. Proc.
Phila. Acad. 1864, 6-—10.

Descriptions of new species of North American lulide. Proc, Phila.
Acad. 1864, 10—15.

Descriptions of new genera and species of North American Myriapoda.
Proc, Phila. Acad. 1864, 186—187.

The Myriapoda of North America, Trans. Amer, Philos. Soc. XII,
137—248, 3 plates, 1865.

Descriptions of new species of Texan Myriapoda. Proc. Phila. Acad.
1867, 42-—44.

Notes on a collection of California Myriapoda, with descriptions of new
Eastern species. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1867, 127-—130.

6 Ludwig Koch. Die Myriapodengattung Lithobius. pp. 94, two plates. Niirn-
berg, 1862.

—143—

There next appeared a paper published by E. D. Cope’ in 1869 on
the extinct Mammalia of the cave formations of the United States giving
a short account of the cave Myriapoda; in this he describes five new
species with the new genera Pseudotremia and Andrognathus, In 1870 a
second paper appeared on the Myriapoda of the Alleghanies describing a
new genus and species Pefaserpes rosalbus.

The year 1870 ushers in the first representative of a new order of
Myriapoda; Dr. Packard* in two short papers notes the discovery of
Pauropus in Massachusetts—a type of minute Myriapoda on which
Lubbock had founded the order Pauropoda.

In the vear 1872 Meinert’ described Zzthodius vorax from Louisiana;
Harger” published a paper describing seven new species and the new
genus 77richopetalum; and Cope’ in a paper on the fauna of the Wyan—
dotte cave described the new genus Scoferpes.

Another paper by Packard appeared in 1874 on ‘‘Myriapods from
Colorado” published in Hayden’s Annual Report; new forms were de-
scribed but no new species named.

In 1875 Anton Stuxberg™ published two valuable papers on the
North American Zithobude, the first describing eight new species of
Lithobius, the second enumerating all the species of North America,
twenty-four in number including five from Mexico.

Packard” again in 1877 described Poldesmus cavicola trom Utah,
and Murray” described Brachycybe rosea from California.

7 Edward D. Cope. Synopsis of the extinct Mammalia of the Cave Formations
of the United States with observations on some Myriapoda found in and near the
same etc. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XI, 171—192, 1869.

On some new and little known Myriapoda from the Southern Alleghanies.
Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, III, 65—67, 1870.
On the Wyandotte Cave and its Fauna. Amer. Nat. VI, 1872.

8 A. S. Packard Jr. New or rare Neuroptera, Thysanura and Myriapoda.
Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. XIII, 405—411. 1870.

A remarkable Myriapod. Amer. Nat. IV, 621. 1870.

® Fr. Meinert. Myriapoda Musi Havniensis. I, Geophili, Naturhist. Tidsskr,
3 R. VII, 1871.—II. Lithobiini. Ibid VIII, 1873.

10 0. Harger. Descriptions of new North American Myriapods. Amer. Jour.
Science and Arts, 3rd series, IV, 116—121, plate, 1872.

11 A, Stuaberg. Nya Nordamerikanska Lithobier. Ofversigt k. Vetensk. Akad.
Forhandl. XXXII, No. 2, 65—72. 1875.

Lithobioidee Americz borealis. Ibid. XXXII, No. 3, 23—32. 1875.

12 A. S. Packard Jr. On a new cave fauna in Utah. Bull. U.S. Geol.

Survey (Hayden) III, 1877.

13 Andrew Murray. Economic Entomology. Part I, Aptera. London, 1877.

———

In 1878 J. A. Ryder™ notices the discovery of a second species of
Pauropoda in America.—Pauropus Huxley, hitherto known only from
England; in 1879 the discovery of a third forming a new genus Lury-
pauropus; and in 1881 he gives a list of the Lyszopefalide of North America
adding a new genus and species, Zygonopus Whiter.

Packard” published three papers in 1883, the first describing Poly-
desmus ocellatus (since referred by Stuxberg to Craspedosoma); the second
a revision of the Zysvopelalid@, a most important addition to our litera-
ture, giving a summary of the information at hand and founding the new
genus Cryplotrichus on Spirostrephon cestoannulatus Wood; the last is a
short paper onthe Morphology of the Myriapoda.

Finally in 1884 Latzel*® in his masterly work on the Myriapoda of
Austro-Hungary has given some notes on American species notably the
so-called Zystopetalide. His criticisms will be found stated below.

Such is the principal literature on the subject to date, to say nothing
of many shorter notes on distribution, structure and classification that
have appeared in various periodicals and other publications.

The European species have been carefully studied by Meinert’
1866—1868, Fanzago™* 1874, Latzel’® 1880—1884, and others. The
work of the last named author is the most important contribution to a
knowledge of the Myriapoda that has appeared for a long time. It is

t4 John A, Ryder. Discovery of two remarkable genera of minute Myriapods
in Fairmount Park. Amer. Nat. XII, §57—558. 1878
Notice of a new Pauropod ete. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1879, 139, 164.
An account of a new genus of minute Pauropod Myriapods. Amer, Nat.
XIII, 603—612. 1879.

--—— A third locality for Eurypauropus. Amer. Nat. XIU. 703. 1879.
List of the North American species of the Lysiopetalide, (with a blind
form Zygonopus, n. g.). Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, III, 520—531. 1881.

15 A. S. Packard Jr. Anew Polydesmus with eyes. Amer. Nat. XVII, 1883.
A Revision of the Lysiopetalide, a family of Chilognath Myriopoda, with
a notice of the genus Cambala. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XXI, 177—197. 1883.
On the Morphology of the Myriopoda. Ibid. XXI, 197—209. 1883.

16 Robert Latzel. Die Myriapoden der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie.
Erste Hiilfte: Die Chilopoden, pp. 228, plates I—X, Wien, 1880,—Zweite Hiilfte:
Die Symphylen, Pauropoden und Diplopoden, pp. 414, plates I—XVI, Wien, 1884.

17 V. Berase og Fr. Meinert. Danmarks Geophiler. Naturhist. Tidsskr.
3 R., IV, 1866-7.

Fr. Meinert. Danmarks Chilognather, Ibid. V, 1—32. 1868.

Danmarks Scolopendrer og Lithobier. Ibid. V, 241—268. 1868.
18 FL Ranzago. 1 Chilopodi Italiani. Atti d. Soc. Ven.-Trent. III, fase. 1,

1874.

I Chilognathi Italiani. Ibid. III, fasc. 2, 1874.

—145—

finely illustrated by twenty-six plates that might well serve as a model for
American monographers. Very few species appear to be common to
the United States and Europe. The genera however are much the sdme,
the greater number found in Europe being due to the more advanced
state of the study there.

The Myriapoda may be conveniently grouped in three orders* as
follows:
A.—Body composed of 6—I10 segments; antennze 5-jointed; bifid, bearing three long

jointed appendages; nine pairs of legs; species minute, 0.51.5 mm. long......
I. PAUROPODA.

SeAntennce simple; species of medium) or large sizé 25 5-2.--.---\02.62 eiaee B.
B. —Body more or less cylindric or half-cylindric; head normally composed of three
segments; antennz 7— 8-jointed; mouth parts consisting of protomalz** (man-

dibles) and deutomalze (labium); two pairs of legs to each segment............
II. DIPLOPODA.

Body usually flattened; head normally composed of five segments; antennze
I2—70-jointed; mouth parts consisting of protomalz (mandibles), deutomalz
(1st maxillze) and two pairs of malipedes (auxiliary lips); one pair of legs to each
SPO eceirnsyars sis ir, Sicvsloaeke elle ciciese «+ - « SEMEL Yc, 5 2 III. CHILOPODA.

I. PAUROPODA.

The Pauropoda contain two well marked families as follows:

Segments ten, not sculptured above; head and legs not concealed by projecting scuta;
Solo pAless MOONS) ACTS <)5,</ac cia le'= «ole « «sepa erte Fam. Pauropodidae,

Segments six, tuberculate or sculptured above; body depressed, three times as wide
as high; head and legs concealed by projection of segments; color reddish;
RNS (SION 21s 5 pate Pea (o! tata Sioueicr sic. s, c+ «+ « « ceamegaene Fam. Eurypauropodidae.
The first family, Pauropodidue Lubbock, contains a single genus

Pauropus Lubbock, with two American species. The second, Lurypau-

ropodidae Ryder, contains the genera Lurypauropus Ryder, with one

American species and Brachypauropus Latzel, as yet found only in

Europe.

The entire number of Pauropoda described is seven as may be seen
from the following table. :

* Dr. Packard though originally accepting Lubbock’s order Pawropoda is now
disposed to unite it to the Diplopoda as a suborder. It is perhaps better for the
present to retain this group in the form Lubbock first placed it. For Packard’s later
views cf. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XXI, 204.

** For a discussion of these organs the reader is referred to Dr. Packard’s paper:
**On the Morphology of the Myriapoda’’, before quoted.

—146—
3 ae | ——— a = ee
Genera. | Total Species fo American. | Common to both.
} | i 1
Pauropus a 2 | 2 | I
| :
Brachypauropus — | I I | — =
| |
Hurypauropus 3 | 3 | I ~ I
eg ee | -
TOTALS: 7 6 | 3 2

il. DIPLOPODA,

The order Diplopoda contains the following families: —Polyxenidae,
Polyzonidae, Glomeridae, Polydesmidae, Chordeumidae, Lystopetahdae and
Lulidae. The first and second of these Latzel places in the suborders
Pselaphognatha and Colobognatha respectively. The remaining families
constitute the Chilognatha proper. All except the Glomeridae* have been
reported from North America. The families may be distinguished as
follows:

A.—Body small (2.5 mm. long), soft-skinned, more or less scaly or covered in parts
by bushy hair; protomalce without stipes, uncovered; anus in the penultimate
segment; odoriferous glands wanting; 13 pairs of legs... Hum. 1. Polyxenidae.

Body covering crustaceous; legs not less than 17 pairs.................--. B.

}3.— Head small, triangular; mouth more or less rostrate, thus appearing suctorial;

protomalze small; deutomalze obsolete or wanting..... Ham. 2. Polyzonidae.
Mouth parts masticatory; protomalz large; deutomalz well developed...... C.

C,—Body composed of 19—20 segments; scuta often projecting laterally, forming
lamin; legs 28—31 pairs; eyes wanting.......... Fum. 3. Polydesmidae.

Body composed of about 30 segments, frequently setose; legs 4o—50 pairs; eyes
MStiallliye GISENCE. als...) ae = A yar ee Fam. 4. Chordeumidae.

Bodysserments indefinite alwaysmmoxeuthan 307. 2... cee isle alterna D.

LD. —Body long, slendey, tapering; scuta usually deeply furrowed; antennz long,
slender, the seventh segment short and conic; legs very long, the eighth pair
only modified in the <', the seventh and ninth pairs normal; sterna free......

Kum. 5. Lysiopetalidae.

Scuta moderately if at all furrowed, carinate or warty; antennz and legs short
or only moderately long; both pairs of legs of seventh segment of ¢¥' modified;
sterna at least of anterior segments united so as to form complete rings..

Fum. 6. fultee:

* The Glomeride of all Myriapods most resemble the pill-bugs or sow-bugs
( Oniscide) in their general features and habits. They may be distinguished from
other Myriapods by their short body composed of 11—13 segments, and by having
only 17—23 pairs of legs.

—147—

Family 1. POLY XENIDAE Gray and Jones.

This family contains the single genus Podyaenus Latr., of which we
have one species ?. /asceculatus Say, distributed from Massachusetts to
Georgia.

Family 2. POLYZONIDAE Gervais.

This family contains four American genera with five species; the ,

genera may be distinguished as follows:

A,.-—Sixth and seventh joints of antennz confluent with the fifth and with it forming

BEClUD DOG SeSMEMtS SO accnassq<. . > nee Andrognathus Cope.* I sp.
pintsrotantenn-e normaly not forming aiclub. {yee adem eee cance Ee
B.—Eyes wanting; rostrum shorter than the antennz....Brachycybe Wood.** 2 sp.
EVP ESE Mts mC OUSPICUOUS iyi raretelsy-ieicres\) yo « «,q/ RN ere meters avees i opie eaten C.

Ree vesio- body segments: about 45..2........... wees Octoglena Wood. 1 sp.

Eyes 2; antenne large and stout; body segments 50—53..... gi ore were
Petaserpes Cope. I sp.
Fumily 3. POLYDESMIDAE Leach.

The Polydesmidae of this country have all been described under
Polydesmus Latr.+ of which twenty-one species are recorded. Strongyiv-
soma Brandt, Fonfaria Gray and perhaps other groups ranked as sub-
genera by Wood, will take generic rank; until, however, a careful study
of the types can be made it will be best to leave the species in the orig-
inal genus under which they have been described.

Family 4. CHORDEUMIDAE C. Koch.

With some hesitation I place in this family most of the forms hitherto
ranked as Lysiopetalidae by American writers. In this I follow Dr. Latzel
whose important work has been noticed above. Ina note on the American
Chordeumidaet}} he unites Scoterpes Cope and Zygonopus Ryder and places
them as a subgenus of Craspedosoma Leach-Rawlins. TZrichopetalum
Harger he also regards as forming part of Craspedosoma, and Pseudotremia
Cope, he would place near the same genus = Cry'p/ofrichus Packard, he
places near Campodes Koch. he form of ‘‘Polydesmus with eyes” re-
cently described by Packard,{ Latzel{{ states is properly one of the

* Forming according to Cope (Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. XI, 182) the type of a
new family Andrognathide.
** Latzel unites Brachycybe Wood with Platydesmus Lucas. The latter genus
has priority,
{ An apparent exception is Stenonia hispida Sager, Proc. Phila, Acad. VIII,
109 (1856). This undoubtedly belongs to Polydesmus though the description is very
imperfect.
tt Die Myriapoden der Oest,-Ungar. Monarchie, I, pp. 213—-214 (1884).
¢} American Naturalist XVII, 428 (1883).
t{ Latzel, loc. cit. p. 125, note.

—148—

Chordeumidae and Stuxberg has referred this also to Craspedosoma. In the
light of these criticisms it will appear that this family needs another re-
vision. Until this can be made it will be best to leave the genera as Dr.
Packard has arranged them. I therefore append Dr. Packard’s table as
given in the Transactions Amer. Philos, Soc. XXI, p. 178, omitting of
course Lysiopetalum which forms a family of its own.*

A.—Body not setose; antennz long; eighth pair of legs of <j’ modified, six jointed;

PEMitalvarmature small)... seamen tes seeeaiteln Pseudotremia Cope. I sp.
BOI ASCLOSE' 5 cho 3. vices Sed Sele ARMED) Ta, ay2t ds eek one a a eae eae aera ae e B.

3. —Body short and thick; eyes triangular; antennz slender; setz one-fifth as long
asubodyas thick Wegsishort sameeren ss cee Cryptotrichus Packard. I sp.
Body short and fusiform; eighth pair of legs of ¢' two-jointed; sete half as long

BS DOG Y ASE Cs. Aico fo ene eri ties ae «be Trichopetalum Harger. 3 sp.
Body slender; eighth pair of legs of ¢{' two-jointed ending in a claw; setz very
LOM MeVCLESS5chdh.- cits: eR ois cra es ale ....-Scoterpes Cope. I sp.

Like Scoterpes; setce a little shorter; sixth pair of legs of ¢J' greatly swollen. ....
Zygonopus Ryder, 1 sp.

Fumily 5. LYSIOPETALIDAE Wood.
This family as now restricted consists of the single genus Lyszopefa-
/um Brandt, with a single species Z. /actartum Packard, the form origin-
ally described by Say as Lulus lactarius.
Family 6. T1ULIDAE Leach,
The three American genera of /udidae may be characterized as

follows:
A.—Body long and slender; segments 59; scuta strongly carinate; antennz short
ANGSUMIC ke weyeSimya) IIMeaIsemeSey. or <1). eyiae renee Cambala Gray. I sp.
Scuba net strongly Carinate: aun. <<<: «i. «4 nate nleeaees oases cer =)

B.-—Scutum of second segment produced at the sides so as to reach the head; antennze
short and thick, the joints shorter than broad....... Spirobolus Brandt. 5 sp.
Scutum of second segment not produced; antenne more slender; the joints
muchJonger than broad ..: eee... - of hE eee Iulus Brandt, 19 sp.

lil. CHILOPODA.

The Myriapods of this order are comprised in four well marked
families all of which are represented in North America; they may be
separated as follows;

* Talso append Latzel’s diagnosis of Craspedosoma. Corpus subleres et plus
minusve iuliforme. Segmenta carinis evanescentibus aut nullis, tuberculis vel granulis
senis setigeris majoribus vel minoribus ornata et sulco medio, longitudinali exarata.
Oculi plerumque distincti. Antennce longe et tenues, articulo tertio maximo. Pedum
paria feminee (plerumque) 50, maris 48; pedes longi. Mas: Pedum paria duo in or-
gana copulativa commutata. .

—149—

A.—Dorsal scuta 8; antennz long, setaceous; legs long; tarsi many-jointed....
Fam. 1. Scutigeridae.

Dorsal scuta 15 or more; tarsi 3-Jointed....... 1... esse eee eee eee eee eee B.
B.—Feet-bearing segments 40—150; antennz 14-jointed..... Fam. 2. ee
Feet-bearing segments 20—25; antenne 17—30-jointed...........50-......

Fam. 3. Scolopendridae.

Feet-bearing segments less than 20; dorsal scuta in two sets, a smaller alternat-

MUI AAT CE creiaherss |< 'S wislas 4/s+ = <> « o epeeeresie eel epeneae Fam. 4. Lithobiidae.
Family 1. SCUTIGERIDAE Gervais.

The family Scutigeridae consists of a single genus Scutigera Lam.,
better known as Cermatia which is a more recent name. ‘Two species
are found in the United States: S. forceps (Cermatia forceps Wood) some-
what generally distributed east of the Mississippi, and S. Lincect (Cerma
tia Linceci Wood) from Texas. I have found the former at Bloomington,
Ill., Philadelphia, Pa., Brooklyn and Utica, N. Y. In Brooklyn it ap-
pears to be somewhat common in cellars. In Utica a single specimen
was taken running about the floors of the N. Y. Central station.

Family 2, GEOPHILIDAE Leach.

The Geophilidae of North America are divided among three genera

as follows:

A.—Cephalic segment elongate; twice as long as broad; antenneeapproximate......
Mecistocephalus Newport. 4 sp.

Cephalic segment less than twice as long as broad, subquadrate or triangular... B.

B.—Cephalic segment subquadrate; joints of antennz unequal ..............--
Geophilus Leach. 6 sp.

Cephalic segment narrowed in front; body attenuate anteriorly; antennz ap-
LOXIMIALC ee cecyeic siete area ate Aictaie ie +2 91d + eee ena tor Strigamia Gray. 16 sp.
Family 3. SCOLOPENDRIDAE Newport.
This family contains the species popularly known and sometimes
foolishly dreaded as ‘‘centipedes”; our genera are four in number and
may be distinguished as follows.*

A.—Eyes distinct; feet-bearing segments 21; antennz attenuate, 17—30-jointed.....
Scolopendra Newport. 9 sp.

SRY CSI uN LING Syehatp ices iote hich espa) nvci>/o) =e) «+s Sle MURRN meMeliegcs\ to) aye efelayefobatefeie alata B.
B.—Feet-bearing segments 21.......... 0005002 ee sewee reece eee Peel onN begat C.
Feet-bearing segments 23; last segment narrow; antennz 17-jointed...........
Scolopocryptops Newport. 4 sp.

C.—Last scutum the largest, quadrate........ jaa Opisthemega Wood, 2 sp.
Last scutum not larger than the others...............-- Cryptops Leach. 3 sp.

* The genus Theatops Newport founded on Oryptops postica Say is doubtless a
form of Scolopendra.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 23

—150—

Fumily 4. LITHOBIIDAE Newport.

This family in some respects the highest of the Myriapoda, contains

two genera whose characters are given below.
Ocelli 2—40 each side of head, variously arranged; labrum 3-toothed in the
TING ek a's kestee Ste cost etp ik SMe MMng ole oon FeraPe Lithobius* Leach. 18 sp.
A single large ocelius each side of head; labrum 1-toothed in the middle... ....
Henicops Newport (Lamyctes Meinert). I sp;
I have followed Stuxberg and Latzel in uniting Bothrepolys Wood
with Lzthobius.

This completes the list of genera as now known in North America;
species and probably genera are waiting discovery and description, for
as we shall soon show, large areas of our country are still untouched and
only very limited regions have been worked with any degree of thorough-
ness. The study of the Myriapods in America is only fairly begun.

So far we have given only the number of species in each genus.
The following table will give a summary by families. For contrast tae
corresponding numbers for a much more limited European area are
given, namely Austro-Hungary where the Myriapod Fauna has been
thoroughly studied. The number of species already reported wil] be seen
to be 129, distributed among 27 genera. A few of these however repre-
sent species early and imperfectly described which may not certainly be
identified be recent writers.

* S.uxberg (Ofversigt afk. Vetensk. Akad, Férhandl. 1875) has formed six
subgenera of Lithobius all of which are represented with us. I subjoin his diagnoses.

I. —Eulithobius Stuxberg. Scuta dorsualia 6, 7, 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis pro-
ductis. Pori cowales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. multidentatus).

Il.—Neolithobius Stuxberg. Seuta dorsualia 7, 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis pro-
ductis. Pori cowales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 .(L. vorax, L. mordax,
L. transmarinus).

I11.—Lithobius Leach s. str. Seuta dorsualia 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis productis.
Pori coxales in pedum paribus 12, 13,14, 15 (L. wanti, L. planus, L. forficatus,
L. paucidens, L. pinetorwm).

1V.—Pseudolithobius Stuxberg, Seuta dorsualia 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis pro-
ductis. Pori coxales in pedum paribus 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. megaloporus).

V.—Hemilithobius Stuxberg. sSeuta dorsualia 11, 13 angulis posticis productis.
Pori cowales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. eucnemis).

V1I.—Archilithobius Stuxberg. Scuta dorsualia omnia angulis posticis rotundatis
vel subrectis. Pori cowales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. bipunetata, L.
monticola, L. pusio, L. Kochii, L. obesus, L. paradowus, L. bilabiatus).

—I51—
NoRTH AMERICA. AUSTRO-HUNGARY.
FAMILIES.
GENERA | SPECIES | GENERA | SPECIES
Bauropodidae:. +... ./- SEPA SI I 2 I 2
Punypauropodidae.<:.). 20. .2): + I I 2 4
Tora. Pauropoda 2 | 3 3 | 6
a J —— =
BAO CMI AC cen css < je iorekoe.t) 40) seerexs Sah I I I 1
Folyzonidaet ....2'.. Rates enie 4 5 I I
(Sie hoa ESE as ae rae — -- 2 15
eS tae ae ale io je veh ct <eiai es (ore eel? 1 21 4 1g
Orde umMidae af oa foals wos were 5 § 4 17
Westopetalidae:ssi..-<02 seve acces I I I 7
MMCPIN GUGM tt ste ysis alascrswe toute sens 3 25 2 36
Tora. Diplopoda 15 61 | 16 | 96
NCRTEN METI A Coo) oy sicl a aforaite =< sueveerdysias I 2 I I
RCO PMIGAG PS pcs vine wt een tes ole 3 26 9 22
NcoOlopendridae. cc. 2.52 eee oF 4 18 3 6
We AODMGACK ini. han cicaqurt's eines. 2 19 2 39
— —
ToTaL Chilopoda 10 | 65 | 15 | 68
TOTALS 27 129 | 34. | 170

In order to show where the species have been most collected the
following list of states with number of species reported therefrom may be
of interest.- California 27, Pennsylvania 25, Illinois 16, Georgia 13,
Oregon 12, Virginia’10; Texas 8, New York and Florida each 7, Michi-
gan 5, Louisiana and Tennessee each 4, Massachusetts and Kentucky
each 3, Connecticut, New Jersey, Indiana, North Carolina, South Carolina
and Missouri each 2, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Maryland, District
of Columbia, Alabama, Mississippi, Minnesota, Arkansas, Kansas,
Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Washington Territory each 1. It
wil] thus be seen that Maine, Vermont, Delaware, West Virginia, Ohio,
Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Nev-
ada, Indian Territory and Arizona have had no Myriapods reported from
within their limits. It should be said that several species have never been
reported definitely in regard to locality. Consequently, in addition to the
above we must report ‘‘United States” 6, ‘Eastern U.S.” 6, “Western
U.S.” 1 and “Southern States” 2.

—152—

On the Classification of North American Diptera.
(Third paper. Concluded from p. 116 ante.)
By Dr; Saws WiccisTon.
BERIDINAE.
Abdomen with seven visible segments in the male, in the fe-
male with an additional ovipositor. Wings with a stigmatic spot;
all the posterior veins arise from the discal cell.* Abdomen flattened,

Rei eee posterior. Veins; : OCCIpUt MaMa es eis aie cxic soli aadiser- ol nlealalenaleeGiiaee 9
Bavrpesterior veins; scutellum WwitkspInes”™, Gar... .a0 se) nae cn ote see 3
22—oGitellum with spines: palpi rudimentany.e os... ---1-ssleece os Beris Latr.
Scutellum without spines (Metoponia Lw., non Macq.),....... Allognosta O.S.
3.—Occiput excavated; hind femora thickened at the extremity.....* Neoexairetu O,S.

Occiput flat, hind femora simple; last two abdominal segments small... .......
Scoliopelta, n. g.
SARGINAE.

Body usually elongate; rather small, nearly bare species. Four
posterior veins, the last one arising from the basal cell, Antenne short,
the third joint rounded or subquadrate, with an apical or pre-apical
arista. Scutellum without spines on its border. (Occiput deeply ex-

cavated. )
1.—Anterior ocellus more widely separated than the other two; males holoptic or

CNEL UNG Be eas gic rotons et tai (oie easy cv aNeremeneNexe «cis este allauers ete ints epate etter siete Cae arate 2
Ocellivequidistant, maxoxe tap proxtin ate pete ce) erel alc! o) ite eesti ateae re ere ere areata 3
2.—Abdomen contracted toward the base, clavate or pedicillate.. ...........

Macrosargus bigot.
Abdomen not pedicillate in the male, in the female the second segment not con-

CAV ETOMMENETSICLES tr somite icin it's « SNeReEMaloy os ro nie so etetateleaatated: .Sargus, Fabr.
3.--Second antennal joint prolonged on its inner etc into a projection, extending on,
AnGecloselvalivin clap on, est MiuCUM ONG m1. pee. leet aleemets alates Ptecticus Loew.
Second oimbtmot with such aiprojecnone. ja... iis ey ae ae eee oe eee 4
AsV alesidiCn@ DuGseVeS Darel...) «tua cra -m1-. «som sierra Chrysonotus Loew.
Nalessholopic: posterior veins) Wea keys. -\- = -- «+ cls ateiei eerie ase ei 5
Reeves taiGklyupllOSsee mis iictse sires SEEN neS =S + «sl aiaereientee *Chloromyia Dunc.

Eyes bare, deep metallic species; front very broad in the female; arista terminal;
abdomen short; eyes of male with an area of enlarged facets above...........

Microchrysa Loew.
STRATIOMYINAE.

Rather large species, the abdomen usually oval and more or less
thickened. Five posterior cells; often, however, one or more of the three
veins that arise from the discal cell are faint or entirely rudimentary, and
the cells hence coalescent; in these cases, the discal cell will usually show
angulations, indicating the origin of such veins. ‘The last posterior vein

* This character I have found variable in species of Beris; its precise value in
some other genera is yet to be decided.

is nearly always distinct, and arises from the second basal cell. Anterior

veins often crowded anteriorly. Antennz never with a long or slender
bristle.

1.—-First antennal joint three or four times as long as the second; scutellum with

BSUS Matias cVuins VB cs. cle ais ale ela isae wn « fss* oe/- > CMM RNa cree ess Stratiomyia Geof.

First antennal joint not three times as long as the second...............-+-. 2

2.— Front projecting below, face much retreating, body narrow, abdomen narrower

than the thorax, third longitudinal vein not furcate, scutellum with small spines

MelexaSeIVIEXICO) | f cinay. Mier ieusierche iors + ce = = cheeses .*Myxosargus brauer.
Front not projecting below, face convex, abdomen short, broad, scutellum usual-
ly with spines; third longitudinal vein usually furcate.... Odontomyia Meig.

Genera not yet known to occur in the United States: Chordonota
Gerst. (Mexico), Meorondania O.S. (Mexico), Cyphomyiz Wied. (Central
America, West Indies), and Vo/homyia Loew. (Cuba).

CLITELLARINAE.

Abdomen short, usually but little longer than broad; four posterior
veins, all of which arise from the discal cell, Small or moderately large
species, nearly bare.
1.—Scutellum without spines; face produced below into a projecting cone; posterior

Melson wine weaks+smalll species. ....:. 2 nc 7taeechgas ou ae Nemotelus Geof.

SHS CCU TON Wiltihy SPINES aay detayevelect iotelela' a is ia'e . <2 SRP boise tar ate crevateretine Pe sae
2,—Antennz short, with a subterminal bristle ..........:..:.... Oxycera Meig.
Amtennce more orlessielongate, without bristle; eee. cp om oes esse selene 3

Be Sctiellum with two) spines onvts border... .... smelt se tel ye lelelel 4 so ctc)ictarea cue 4

Scutellum with six spines. (Scoliopeltu).
4.—Antennz much elongated, style not differentiated, eyes bare, smaller species...
Euparhyphus Gerst.
Antennz less elongate, style more or less differentiated, eyes pilose, larger
SECleS eee ier nyse) Repo Lael als cies <. + ao eRe ene eee ae Clitellaria Meig.
Additienal N.A. genus: er a Schiner.— Mexico.

PACHYGASTRINAE.

Small species, abdomen oval. Three posterior veins, all arising from

the discal cell.
1.— Antenne situated near the middle of the face in profile, third joint short, with a
terminal arista, scutellum without spines........ ....,Pachygaster Gerst.
PiCMEe Situated lowdown. near the wouth:.jseeeuesce see e ss iae aeearrnee 9
2.—Third joint of the antennz forked, the upper branch with an apical bristle. .
*Chauna Tie
Third joint of the antennz elongate, segmentate, scutellum with spines.........
*Acanthina Wied.
Additional N.A. genus; Cyzipimorpha Brauer, |.c.—Mexico.

NOTES:
Subula, Chrysonotus and Chauna are all preoccupied. At least one of these

of earlier date (Chauna Illig.) is now in use, and will necessitate a change.
The only North American species referred to Chloromyia is Sargus viridis

—154—

Say (= S. nigribarbis Big.). This species, however, as I identify it, is a true
Sarqus. . a Ee

Sargus trivittatus Say is probably a Ptecticus. S. xanthopus Wied. is, I believe,
a synonym of S. decorus Say.

Macrosargus is a genus of doubtful value; some of Loew’s species of Sarqus
belong here. |

Exochostoma caloceps Big., as Osten-Sacken suggests, is probably an Odon-
tomyid.

Chrycochlora Lat. (Mexico) is placed by Brauer in a distinct group.

Scoliopelta n. g. Head similar to that in Beris. Eyes broadly contiguous in
the male, pilose; ocellar tubercle prominent; face rather small, antennz situated a
little below the middle in profile, first two joints short, of nearly equal length; third
joint moderately long, moderately thickened, and then uniformly attenuated to the
tip, composed of eight segments, without style, first segment longest, about as long as
the second joint, the following six joints very narrow and distinguishable only with
difficulty, terminal segment longer; palpi cylindrical, not abbreviated, Scutellum
nearly as broad as long, sub-triangular, with two larger, approximate spines at its tip,
and on each side two smaller ones. Abdomen much flattened, nearly circular in out
line, composed of seven segments, the last two small, the seventh scarcely distinguish-
able from above. Hypopygium small. Origin of the stem of the second and third
veins opposite the base of the discal cell; origin of the second vein before the anterior
cross-vein; the furcation of the third vein near the middle; discal cell with four post—
erior veins, the third abbreviated before reaching the margin, the first two nearly con-
tiguous at their origin; fifth posterior cell broadly contiguous at the base with the
discal cell. Legs a little more slender than in Beris.

Differs from 4erzs in the broad short abdomen, the elongate palpi,

the presence of the third posterior vein, etc. From Actima it differs in

the holoptic male, the shape of the abdomen, hind femora, etc.

Scoliopelta luteipes, n. sp. ¢'. Length 7 mm. Black, legs luteous. Antennz
about two-thirds as long as the distance from their base to the ocelli. Dorsum of
thorax shining, with a deep green reflection, clothed with short orange-colored pile;
humeri and post-alar callosities obscurely luteous. Halteres yellow. Abdomen mod-
erately shining, with sparse, very short, black pile. Legs luteous, the knees broadly,
and the tarsi yellow. Wings brownish infuscated, darker in front, the stigma small;
veins, except toward the base of the wing, brown.

Two specimens, collected in meadow-land, near the base of Mt.
Washington, in the early part of August.

In the examination of my material I have observed a few general
characters that appear not to have been previously described. I offer
some of them here as merely suggestive.

In all the genera of S/ratiomyidae known to me, except Subula,
species of Beris, Scoliopelta, Plecticus and Pachygaster, the second longi-
tudinal vein takes its origin from beyond the anterior cross-vein, Its
origin in the three species of Péecticus, which I have examined, was un-
expected.

In the Stratiomyidae, except the Beridinae (and Sudula), the front
coxal openings are more widely separated, the coxee are shorter, the meso-

sternum longer and more developed, so that the front pair of legs are
more widely separated from the other two, which are approximated at
the back part of the sternum. This difference may most readily be per-
ceived by acomparison of Coenomyia and Hermetia or Stratiomyia.

_ In the present and related families the second main vein-stem of the
wings gives off, first the sixth longitudinal vein, and, at a short distance
beyond, the fourth. In the family Syrphidae the reverse is invariably the
case in the two hundred or more species examined by me. The Conopi-
dae agree better with the AZuscidae calypiratae in the origin of the fourth

and sixth veins occuring at the same point.

Errata, —First paper, page 132, line 6, for ‘‘thickened’’ read flattened;
p. 134, under Xanthogramminae, B. for ‘“Ocelli” ete. read Face retreating, ete. ;
BB, for “‘Ocellar” etc., read Face projecting. Second paper, p. 11, line 6 from

bottom, insert usually after ‘‘wings”’. aN
YALE COLLEGE, May 1885.

oO _
Notes on Platysamia Polyommata TZépper.
By Gro, D: Hurske

Platysamia polyommata Tepper, described from a unique Q in
Mr. Water’s collection, Brookl. Bull, Vol. V, p. 66, and represented in
that place also by a photograph, is, as any one may see, an insect with
rather broader wings than P. cecropia L. and consequently without
doubt a Platysamia, Since then Mr. Waters has received from Arizona
a! of this same species. In coloration it is very like the Q. having
the same bands and spots on wings and body. It has in addition a
white basal crossband on the fore wings, and the black ground color is
richer and very velvety in appearance, The shape of the wings is how-
ever altogether different from those of the Q. In this it has almost the
form as it consequently has very much the appearance of Callosamia
promethea. he fore wings are just as distinctly falcate, and the external
margin runs inward, shortening the internal margin and narrow—
ing the wing. The hind legs are narrow ‘and extent backward.
The insect is thus put in the unfortunate position, that the
is in one genus, the Q in another. Samzz cynthia has gotten itself
in a somewhat similar predicament. In China it isa Samza but in the
few years it has been naturalized in this country, it has broadened its
wings, so it has become a pretty fair P/atysamia, I call attention to
these facts only that those who are interested may see that some of these
genera have no excuse for existing as at present limited; for they are, I
believe, limited by the shape of the wings and the wing spots only:
neither of which characters are constant or identical in the sexes of the
same species.

ob

Notes and News.

The collection of Lepidoptera made*by Mr. O. Meske, of Albany,
N.Y., has been acquired for the National Museum. The collection con-
tains many types of American species and a well determined lot of
European and other exotic species. With the Lepidoptera contained in
the Riley collection and in the Belfrage collection, that order is now very
fully represented:—American forms principally considered. When in
shape, with the rich biological material of the Riley collection well work-
ed in, it will rank among the best in the country.

We are pleased to be able to notify our readers that Mr.°P. R. Uhler
of Baltimore has handed us the mss. for a Check List of the Hemiptera
Heteroptera for publication. That we need such a list no one will
dispute, and that Mr. Uhler is the proper man to prepare it will be as
little doubted.

* *

The first specimen of Rhopalopus Sanguinicollis Horn, I got from
Carrolltown on the Laurel Ridge Mts. Since then I have found it on
the Chestnut Ridge in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; but only on the sweet black
cherry tree. It does not seem to injure any other trees, for beside these
trees stand sweet red and sour red cherry, apple, peach, pear etc., all un-
touched by the insect. It makes its appearance after the tree has blos-
somed and before the fruit is ripe (about middle of June) and a few
specimens may be gotten as late as August. It is always taken in the
afternoon on the shaded side of the tree. THADDEUS SEHER.

*

Owing to the length of other articles, the continuation of the Pro-
ceedings of the Ent. Club of the A. A. A.S. was crowded out of this
number, A goodly portion will appear in our next.

In the June number of Env. AM., under ‘‘Notes and News”, I no-
ticed the statement from Mr. L. O. Howard, that Belostoma grandis was
attracted in great numbers to the electric lights in New Orleans during
the month of December. This was also the case in the early part of the
same year, and probably prevails to a greater or less extent all the year
round, I might add that in Chicago the electric lights attract, besides
other insects, great numbers of Ephemere. In the latter part of July I
have seen myriads of these insects in the evening, attracted to the lights.
In some places the stone pavement being entirely covered over with them,
so that there was more danger of slipping up on their soft bodies and
falling, than if the pavement had been carefully strewn with the proverbial
banana peel. They undoubtedly breed by millions in the Chicago River,
and are a constant source of annoyance during the greater: part of the
summer. C. H. T, Townsenp, Constantine, Mich.

Book Notices.

_ Dr. Carlos Berg of Buenos Aires, has sent us a series of his papers,
mostly from the ‘‘Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina’, and giving
notes and descriptions on and ofa large number of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera
and Hemiptera. It is interesting to note, that in addition to our old and
well known friends Agrofis ypsifon, and saucta, A. incivis, and Cindaphia
bicoloralts also occur in the Argentine Republic. For A. ypselon we have
as synonyms /rivola Wallgr. and rodus/a Blanch. 4d. -saucia has as syno-
nym angulifera Wallgr., and the Doctor thinks that Sfaelotis stictica
Blanch., S. punctulafa Blanch., Agrotis impacta W\k., and Noctua aethiops
Phil., will also prove forms of this protean species. A. icivis is A. ante-
postta Gn., and A. Jlenticulosa Moritz. Cinduphia bicolorahs Dr. Berg
himself had re-described as Botts amiculatalts and here corrects himself.
It proves that the synonym mill is grinding there as well as here.

On the Parasites of the Hessian Fly. By C. V. Riley, Ph. D., Proc. U.-S.
Nat. Mus, VIII, 413—422, Pl. XXIII, Sept. 1885.

An interesting contribution to the history of this well known pest,
describing and illustrating:—JZerisus destructor (Say), MZ. (Homoporus)
subaplerus n. sp., Lupelmus allyni (French), Zetrastichus productus n. sp.
and Platygaster Herrick Pack An extract characterizing the species
was read before the recent meeting of the A.A.A.S., and the life history
of the species is carefully traced.

Fourteenth Report of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Bene-
fical Insects of the State of Illinois. By S. A. Forbes (3d Rept.), for the year
1884. pp. 136, pl. XII. Also an Appendix containing ‘General Indexes to the
first Twelve Reports of the State Entomologists of Ilinois.”’

Contains an Entomological Calender, and articles on Corn Insects;
Wheat Insects; Grape Insects; Black- and Raspberry Insects; Agro/is C.
_ nigrum; Apple and Pear Insects; Maple and Elm Insects; and Miscellan-
eous Notes.

The Index to the 12 Reports is a valuable contribution, modelled
upon Prof, Riley's Index to the Mo. Reports. The title page enumer-
ates /rancis LeBaron as one of the State Entomologists—we were under
the impression that Wiliam LeBaron held that office.

Quite a large number of new species of several orders are described
more or less completely, and a new Zenthredid genus (AJdlallus) is very
incompletely characterized.

The article on Wheat Insects is interesting because it covers to an
extent the ground covered in the publication by Prof. Riley (previously
noticed) on the parasites of the Hessian fly.

In all but Zefrastichus carinatus the generic reference of the species

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 24

—158—

described, is either erroneous, or the name of a genus is used which has
been long since subdivided. Descriptive work ought either to be left to
competent specialists, or, as in the case of Prof. Riley’s paper, a special
and careful study of the group treated of, should be made. However
good a general entomologist a man may be, he cannot have that special
knowledge of any one order which is necessary to a describer of new
species. Pleromalus fulvipes Forbes is the Merisus subapterus of Riley,
and Prof. Riley’s generic reference is reliable.

The figures are largely reproductions from Riley, or from the earlier
Ill. Repts. The new figures are as a rule very poor, inaccurate, in
some instances even misleading and they print miserably. A_ recent
number of ‘‘Science”’ criticised the last report of the U. S. Dept. of Agri-
culture for its illustrations; acknowledging their artistic merit and scien-
tific accuracy, but blaming the use of Photo-engraving for their repro-
duction. Curiously enough the new figures in this report, which show
no traces of that careful supervision of the artist necessary to secure an
accurate figure of an insect, are passed over without comment by that
Journal. Asa whole the report is a valuable contribution to economic
entomology, though leaving in some points, much to be desired.

Further notes upon the markings and attitudes of lepidopterous larve,
together with a complete account of the life history of Sphinw ligustri and Selenia
Wunaria darve), By Edward B. Poulton, Tr, Ent. Soc. London, 1885. Part II
(August 5) pp. 281—329. Pl. VII.

A valuable and exceedingly interesting contribution to the ontogeny
of the species treated, of giving some interesting speculations as to the use
and purpose of some of the appendages, and on the origin of the colors
and markings and their philosophy. The article is too long to abstract,
and we must refer students to the paper itself for its contents.

Wie entsteht die Gliederung der Insectenfuehler? By Dr. Fritz Miiller.
Kosmos, 1885. Vol. XVII, pp. 201—204.

Notes on the gradual increase in various stages of the number of
joints in the antennze of Culotermes rugosus and some species of Cochlio-
psyche, showing how the increase in number of joint stakes place by divis-
ion. principally of the third and fourth joints.

The Butterflies of North America by William H. Edwards. 2nd series. Boston,
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1874—1884, pp. 445, pl. 51. 4°.
A recent number of ‘Science” contains a notice of the above work,
which we can heartily indorse. After giving the author deserved credit
for the quality of matter, and especially the fine plates (part of this praise

—159—

belongs to Mrs, Peart, the artist), the article reads as follows: ‘‘In this,
[referring to the list of species closing the volume] however, in which the
number of species is raised from 512 to 612, he retains in nearly every
particular the antique classification adopted in the first volume. The
studies which Mr. Edwards has undertaken upon the history of butter-
flies have rendered him an authority on that subject, and his skill in
field investigation has been unexcelled. ‘This, however, constitutes no
claim whatever to any knowledge of the structure itself of butterflies,
upon which classification must be founded; and as he has shown no
such knowledge in his writings, we can only regret that he did not altu-
gether omit this list, since it carries an authority to the public eye which
it does not possess, the classification being not only false in many minute
particulars, but fundamentally false to nature”.

$8 + 2 ___—_

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society, Oct. 6th, 1885.—Present 27 members
and visitors; the president, Mr. Cramer in the chair. Mr. O. Dietz and Mr, A,
T. Birkhoff were elected members of the Society. Mr. Smith proposed Mr. W.
B. Taylor of Brooklyn; Mr. Weeks proposed Mr. Chas. Scott of N.Y., and Mr.
Neumoegen proposed Mr. Chas. Palm of N.Y. as members of the Society. On
motion of Mr. Neumoegen, seconded by Mr. Hulst, Senor Doctor Don Juan
Gundlach, of Cuba, was elected an honorary member of the Society. Mr. Hulst
presented additional evidence that Danais archippus occasionally presented a
very dark, blackish suffusion. Mr. Hy. Edwards exhibited a specimen of
archippus which before being put in cyanide was bright red; but was now dull
blackish. He stated however, that he had this summer taken an even darker
specimen in the field. He also exhibited a specimen of Colias ewrydice dyed
a brilliant red, by the action of a damp cyanide bottle.

Mr. Tepper exhibited a series of bred specimens of Papilio asterias and read
a short paper* on their variation, especially noting the facts, that the anal ocellus
varies in size and shape and is sometimes entirely absent, therefore not reliable
as a test of specific distinction.
Mr. Smith stated, that he had of late examined every collection he had seen, for
variations in Papilio, and considered the anal ocellus as of absolutely no value.
- Mr, Cramer states that a series of turnus, bred in Maine, so strongly resembled
rutulus that he could scarcely distinguish them. Mr. Edwards had seen bred spe-
cimens of asterias showing even a greater range of variation, but he considered that
Mr. W. H. Edwards placed more stress upon the shape of the anal spot than the
presence of the ocellus, and hardly liked to consider the species classed under
machaon as identical. He referred to P. Hippocrates which showed a peculiar
departure from the normal form in the shape of ocellus, and said many of the

* Which will appear in a future number.

—160—

misunderstandings and differences of opinion had arisen from differing ideas of
aspecies. An occasional resemblance of aspecimen of one species to that of
another, did not prove the identity of the two. Mr. Neumoegen spoke on the
same subject. He had P. asterius from Cuba and from this locality the female
instead of being larger and with less yellow than the ,j', resembles that sex
in all respects. In other words, that sexual difference in color which is so prom-
inent in U.S. specimens does not exist there. This is the form named polyenes
by Drury. In Central America the as/eroides form becomes the prevailing one.
Mr. Smith, referring to Mr. Edwards’ remarks on species, said that the difficulty
was, that some persons would not recognize the fact that species are not always a
fixed quantity. The process of evolution is still going on, and the so called
species that these disputes are about are undergoing change, Some forms never
resemble anything but themselves and leave no doubt as to their distinctness.
‘These are so far fixed that they may be called species; but the other forms that
are changing, and have so far changed that locally they are constant, are not
species, though they deserve a title explaining their relation to the parent stock.
No sensible man will dispute the close relationship of asterius, polywenes, astler-
oides, and some others, and it is generally assented that they come from the
same stock. They have not yet branched so far as to leave the stem form be-
hind, or to sever connection with it. Many others are in the same predicament.
Several other examples were instanced. Mr. Hulst favored names to indicate
the relationship of forms to each other and did not think the term species
should be used for these partly separated forms. Referring to the species of
Papilio allied to machaon he had been inclined to believe Dr. Hagen in the
wrong, but carefully studying Mr. W. H. Edwards’ reply, and the figures given
with it, he became fully convinced that Dr. Hagen was in the main correct.

Mr. Hulst made some remarks on Platysamia polyommata Tepper which show-
ed how little the genera in this group were based on actual characters, for the ©
is a Platysamia, while the -j' belongs to the genus Callosamia. Myr. Neumoegen
agrees that the Altaci are badly separated generically. Take the variations of
Cynthia in Japan, U.S, and Paraguay and you have entirely different wing form
and habitus, so that your species in Paraguay belongs to one genus, while in
the U.S. it belongs to another. Incidentally he mentioned that it had been
proved by breeding that Altacus splendidus and orizava were identical.

Mr. Smith then introduced Mr. E. A. Schwarz, of Washington, who read a
few notes on Telmatophilus americanus.* Mr, Leng read a few notes on the dis-
tribution of Cicindelidz near N. Y.

Mr. Edwards called attention to the fact that diurnals were occasionally at-
tracted to the electric light. He had observed P. troilus, P. atalanta, cardui,
huntera, V. antiopa, D. archippus, and L. pseudargiolus. He had been informed
by Dr. C. Hart Merriam that a Light-house keeper on Lake Ontario had been
greatly annoyed by the large swarms of archippus that flew against it and ob-
secured the light.

After informal discussion the Society adjourned. During the informal dis-
cussion a small lot of named Coleoptera, from So. Cal. donated by Dr. Horn
were sold at auction for the benefit of the Society, and brought $9.50.

* Which will appear in a future number.

TON UCC
AMERICANA

YOL, I. BROOKLYN, DECEMBER, 1880. NO, 9.

Aletia xylina vs. A. argillacea.*
By’C2 V. Riruy

Without entering into any general discussion, which would be out
of place here, as to whether Hiibner’s names should be adopted or not—
a question which has always divided entomologists—but following those
who, taking the more conservative view, accept his species when his de-
scriptions and figures leave no question as to what is intended, the
purported description in connection with the figures, would have to be
rejected even from this standpoint. In point of fact they leave every
doubt as to the species intended, and give us no absolute certainty. The
only descriptive part is that referring to the white dot, and this is con-
spicuously and well represented on the figure referred’ to; but it is this very
character which makes it morally certain that some other species than
aylina Say was intended; for while typical specimens of xy/ima invariably
have the three white minute dots referred to on page 9, of this work, the
conspicuous discal or reniform spot on primaries is almost invariably*
oval and dark, with two cinereous pupils, which are often dilated so as to
represent a large cinereous spot, with a dark center and a dark border.
Of the many hundreds, and we may say thousands, of specimens which
we have examined, not one has had the distinct white spot described and

* This article is taken from advance sheets from the 4th Rept. U.S. Entomolog-
ical Commission and to give point to it I reproduce Hiibner’s original description.

“ALETIA ARGILLACEA, Aus Bahia. Vom Herrn Sommer abgelassen. Eine
Noctua.genuina und Heliophila lineata. Sie ist der A. Vitellina sehr iihnlich, hat
aber in nichts eine Gleichheit mit ihr und auf den Schwingen einen weissen Punkt.
Ihre Fiirbildung 399, 400, stellt ein miinnliches Muster vor,”

This may be translated: ‘‘From Bahia. Left by Mr. Sommer, A Noctua genuina
and Heliophila lineata, It is very similar to A. Vitellina, but is in nothing identical
with it, and has a white dot on the wings: Figs. 399 and 400 represent the male.”’

The question as to what argillacea really is, will be considered in a special study
of the genus Anomis which I hope soon to make. From material so far studied it is
a species received from Bahia, somewhat smaller than wylina.

—162—

figured by Hiibner. The figures in other respects bear out this con-
clusion; for while in the different copies of the Zutraége the coloring will
vary according to the colorist and,according as the colors have changed
with age—two facts which in themselves should be sufficient to discard
names founded on mere figures—yet in the three copies which we have
examined the figures represent a smaller, feebler-bodied species, lacking
in the characteristic olivaceous hues, and much more roseate superiorly
and more highly colored with yellow and roseate on the under side.
The under surfaces of xy/ima are of tolerably uniform pale gray, with a
faint ochreous tinge, and in no specimen of xyla do we find the sharp
black line on the under side of the hind border of the secondaries charac-
teristic of Hiibner’s figure.

From these facts it will be seen that nothing can be absolutely
settled from Hiibner’s description and figures, and so much has this been
felt by previous authors that they have not been able to identify Hiib-
ners argi/lacea, Thus Guenee, who had evidently better material to
judge from than any previous, or for that matter subsequent, author
whom we can call to mind, questioned whether his grandipuncta
(=xylina) could be referred to argillacea, for the reason that this last is
more yellow, more distinctly marked, with the reniform concolorous,
marked with a very distinct white dot, and quite distinct on the under
surface Even Mr. Grote, notwithstanding the assurance with which he
identifies argil/acea in the paper before the Association in 1874, express-
ed his uncertainty in his first published opinion on the subject. (Bulle-
tin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, vol. i, p. 170, 1874.)

The figures on our Plate IV, 7a, were kindly copied for us by Mr.
Skinner, from the copy of the Zutrage in the library of the American
Entomological Society. The coloring has been slightly lightened in the
printing, but otherwise shows the figures very well as they appear in
that copy. In the copy in Dr. Hagen’s possession,* as also in that which
we have lately obtained for the Department of Agriculture, the figures
are somewhat darker; but all are uniform in those particulars which we
have just pointed out, and in which they differ from xydina, Hence, a
careful and candid study of the subject, so far as Hiibner’s work per-
mits, leaves very grave doubt as to the identity of his argillacea, and
though from the fact that we had accepted Grote’s determination in the
first edition of this work (solely on his authority) we have tried to retain
it rather than make a change in this second edition; yet an unbiased
weighing of the facts presented by the published data would alone have
forced us to reject argillacea. We are entirely of Dr. Hagen’s mind, as

* This copy, as Dr. Hagen informs us, ison ‘‘geschépftes Papier’? with what is
known as old coloring in good condition, .

—163—

expressed in a letter written to us April 4, 1883, after full study of the
facts, and before he was aware of our previously published opinion to
the same effect. He remarks: ‘‘Compared with Say’s excellent de-
scription, I believe it out of question not to accept Say’s name, which
has priority.

Forced thus, from the published data, to reject argil/lacea on the
ground of uncertainty, we have endeavored to reach the definitive con-
clusion from non-published, historical data, ze, by an endeavor to as-
certain whether types of Hiibner’s argi//acea were still in existence. Dr.
Hagen kindly informed us, in a letter dated April 12, 1883, that since
argillacea was described from the collection of the late Mr. Sommer of
Altona near Hamburg, it might perhaps be possible to find the type spe-
cimens still in that collection, as Mr. Sommer had _his collection speci-
mens kept in very good order. The Sommer collection was supposed
to have been purchased by the Museum of the city of Hamburg, but
upon inquiry we were informed by Mr. C. Criiger, who was formerly
connected with the Museum Godeffroy of Hamburg, that the collection
had long since been purchased by Dr. Staudinger, of Blasewitz near
Dresden. Having thus traced the Sommer collection, we directed Mr.
A. Koebele to proceed, with specimens, to Germany, and to visit Dres-
den and inquire into the facts. With the kind permission of Dr. Staud-
inger, Mr. Koebele was able to make an examination of the Sommer
collection, but the results gave us no greater certainty; for, from the notes
made, it would appear that very few of the labels in the Sommer collec-
tion are written by Sommer, ‘The collection is, also, in great disorder,
and has been neglected by Dr. Staudinger. Of the eight specimens of
our xy/ina in the collection one is marked from Panama, another from
Porto Rico; one is named ‘‘Anomis grandipuncfa Guen,”’, another, un-
spread Q specimen ‘‘argillacea Hbn.” and a ‘third ‘tA. grandis”. If
there were any way of considering these labels authoritative the evidence
might be considered in favor of our ayia being Hiibner’s argillacea,
but from all the facts it is evident that the labeling has been done by
other hands, and there is other evidence to. weaken the value of those
labels. Thus the type of avgid/acea is distinctly stated by Hiibner to be
male, so that the female above referred to could not be the type, which
must also have been spread to have permitted the artist to fully figure the
upper and under surfaces of all wings. Again in the Sommer collection
there are eight specimens of a closely allied moth—the Amomis /uridula,
of which one is labeled ‘‘urzdatar” and a second “modesta” and a third
‘‘exacta”. The species bears no resemblance whatever to the exacta of
Hiibner’s figures, so that we have here positive evidence of the worth-
lessness of the labels as historical indications of Hiibner’s types.

‘

— 64 —

Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S.

(Continued from p, 125 ante.)

The following paper was then read by its author.

NOTES ON SOME STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS
OF THE LEPIDOPTERA.
By JOHN B, SMITH.

I had hoped and expected to be able to present a rather complete
review of the structural peculiarities of some groups or families of the
Lepidoptera and to propose a new scheme of classification; but lack of
time and too many other duties prevented the completion of the work,
and I will present only brief notes of a suggestive character.

In many families in all orders, sexual peculiarities furnish characters
of high systematic value; but in the Lepidoptera these organs have never
been carefully studied and no systematic value has been attached to
them. Lederer in the ‘“Noctuinen Europas” gives a number of figures
and describes a number of what he calls ‘‘after klappen”, but his figures
are imperfect and misleading and the most essential parts of the structur-
al peculiarities were missed by him.

For some time past the Noctuidz have been studied by Prof. Riley
and myself with the view of preparing a monographic work on the
family, and many interesting points in structure have been discovered.
Working over the Noctuidz suggested inquiries and studies in other
families, partly to fix relationships, and partly for purposes of comparison.
The discoveries of modifications of the genital organs of the © are such,
that a decided modification in our present classification of the Lepidop-
tera may have to be made. ‘The diurnals are so well separated, that no
special examinations of them have been made, though what little I have
done shows that there is still much to be learned about them. The
normal structure of the clasping organs of the ‘ among the Heterocera
consists of a superior lunate or triangular corneous plate, which I call
the supra-anal plate; a variously shaped corneous hook soldered to the
tip, which I call the supra-anal hook; and an oblong, semi-chitinous
piece on each side, called the side piece; to which are often attached
corneous hooks or processes called claspers. The side pieces are move-
able, are very differently shaped, and afford excellent specific and_per-
haps generic characters. The claspers also offer a wide—in fact infinite—
variation: so great a one indeed that in some groups there are no two
species alike, and the modifications are specific while in others they are
so constant that they afford good generic characters.

My present purpose is to call’ attention to some modifications of

*

—165—

this structure in the Bombycide and the groups placed between them
and the Rhopalocera. In the Hesperide, the males, so far as I have
examined them, have the supra-anal plate small, lumate or crescent
shaped, there is no supra-anal hook, and the side pieces are short, and
illy, or not at all adapted for clasping. Some, perhaps many of the
higher groups have the supra-anal plate well developed, but it is with
the lowest of the group—those placed at the end of the series, that I
have now to deal.

Among the Hererocera the Zygaentilae most nearly approach the
Hesperidue in this respect; entirely lacking the supra anal plate, and hav-
ing the side pieces scarcely modified into clasping organs.

The Syntomidae are closely allied in structure; but here, though the
supra-anal hook is not, in the forms examined by me, fully developed,
it is well indicated, and the side pieces are often corneous and furcate, or
provided with separate corneous claspers. In Dedesys these organs are
very prominent and furnished with long tufts of hair.

Allied to the Syntomidae are the Aegeridue, or Sestidae as some
prefer to call them. But here the supra-anal plate undergoes a modifi-
cation: instead of being solid, a triangular space is punched out of the
center, leaving a triangle with its apex somewhat dilated. There is -no
supra-anal hook in those specimens examined by me, and the side piece
is simple.

In the AZacrog/ossae another peculiar modification appears. Here
the plate is narrowed, thickened and takes a shape somewhat like a
Lobster’s claw. ‘The side piece is simple, and there is a stout, straight,
corneous spine below the intromittent organ. *

Sphinx has usually a complete supra-anal plate and hook, and
often corneous claspers.

In the higher Bomdycidae we notice a curious and remarkably con-
stant modification—the supra-anal plate is present though often much
reduced in size, and the tip is somewhat prolonged, but instead of
forming a spine it divides and forms points, or lobes, varying in the
species. I illustrate cynthia, cecropia, regalis, imperialis and Adelocephala
bicolor and all the other large species examined by me, present the
same form.*

This modification gradually runs into the normal form; but through
what stages it passes to do so I am not yet prepared to say.

Little as I have done yet, the results attained are still instructive—
in combination with wing structure and habits they suggest a classification
somewhat different from that usually adopted.

The Synfomidae with diurnal habits, clear, bright or contrastingly

* Figures of these peculiarities will be presented at a future date.—J.B-S,

= 100—

colored wings with few veins, should head the list, followed by the |
Aegeridae, with similar appearance, similar habits and very similar struc-
ture: then come the clear wing sphinges or A/acroglossae which are also
Jargely diurnal and which differ very essentially in structure from the
typical Sphinx as I have shown recently in ““Entomologica Americana’;
and the Sphimges with crepuscular habits again lead naturally to the typ-
ical Bombyces, through the nocturnal Smerinshids.

As the highest type of another series stand the Zygaenidae. Also
largely diurnal in habit and often brightly colored they yet differ largely
from any of the preceding in the numerous veins of both wings. The
true Zygaenidae do not exist in the United States as I showed recently
in the Transactions of the Am, Ent. Soc.; but their close allies, the
Pryomorphidae do exist here in some number, and they very gradually
lead into the Lzthosids and thence to the Arctids and Bombyces.

We have here two distinct series: the Syn/omidae and Zygaenidae
rather closely allied, and diverging from thence, the one to the Bombyces
through the SpAimges, the other to the same group through Pyromorpha,
Lithosta and Arctia.

In the Lepidoptera Heterocera and especially those groups classed
as Zygaenidae and Bombycidae systematists have shown a remarkable ob-
jection to the creation of families, or more correctly to the use of family
terms to express relationships and define groups. The result is that
there is a mass of species all classed under the general term Bombyces, or
Zygaenidae which have absolutely not one character in common. Mr.
Grote to be sure in his recent list makes some divisions, but unfortun-
ately they are nowhere defined, based only on superficial resemblances
and thoroughly unscientific. Coleopterists have by careful and hard
work raised their branch of Entomology to the dignity of a scientific
study, while Lepidopterists have wasted their time in studying the orna-
mention of insects, overlooking the most obvious structural details, and
the classification of the order therefore leaves much to be desired. To
call attention to the fact that there is yet plenty of work to be done be-
fore Lepidopterists can claim that they have a knowledge of their order
equal to that of the Coleopterists, these brief notes are presented. An-
other and perhaps natural error has been made by many Lepidopterists: ,
they have seized some one character, and rested their studies on that.
Thus Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer made venation the ultimate test of family
distinction while Dr. Packard with less felicity finds head characters
controlling and ignores venation. The result gives us such assemblages
as those heretofore mentioned. I wish it distinctly understood that I do
not pretend to find the one controlling character in the genital structure
of the ¢’. Ideem it a very important one in connection with other

—167—

characters, but no more. The legs afford excellent characters as yet en-
tirely overlooked, while thoracic structure, and especially that of the
dorsum will eventually furnish points of value to systematists.

Adding to these notes, I wish to call the attention of systematists to
a character not made use of so faras Iam aware, to the extent-its im-
portance warrants: It is the relative proportions of the hind legs. In Noctua
and Geometra, using these terms in their widest sense, the posterior legs
are uniformly longer than the others and very strong, proportionately,
and the two pairs of spurs are wel! developed, often prominently so.* In
the typical Bombycidee on the other hand, the opposite is the case; the
fore legs are strongest, often longer than the middle pair, and the post-
erior pair are small and weak, and the spurs are small, often wanting in
part. This is a peculiarly Bombycoid character, and the strong relation
that the Smerinthids have to the Bomdycids finds an additional proof in
the agreement in this respect—the obsolete tongue and_ short posterior
legs separate them very sharply from the true Sphinges. I have recently
pointed out that Zv/ema belongs to the Smerithid, and not the Sphingid
series.

In examining the large Bombycide, I have often been struck by the
enormous development of the “epiphysis” of the anterior tibia. In most
groups it is concealed, and in some Fhopalocera wanting, It is present
in all the Heferocera so far as I know; but often very small. In regads,
wmperialis and some others this organ is very largely developed and is
bare of vestiture.

What purpose does it serve?

The following paper by Mr. Geo. D. Hulst was then read.

THE FAMILY POSITION or EUPHANESSA MENDICA, WLE.
ByaGron O:. Husa

Euphanessa mendica was first described as Wudaria mendica by Walk-
er Cat, Brit. Mus. II, p. 576 (1854), and redescribed by Herrich-
Schaeffer Lep. Exot. p. 19 as Hudule bisertafa. By both of these authors,
and afterwards by Dr. A. S, Packard Jr. (Synopsis Bombycidz U.S. Pro.
Ent. Phil. 1864 p. 102,) it was placed among the Boméycidae. In the
latter place Dr. Packard describes the new genus, Luphanessa.

In the Canadian Naturalist III, p. 227 (1871) Mr. W. Saunders
describes the larva as being in form a true Geometer, having only two
pair of abdominal legs. In his Geometrid Moths p. 33 (1876) Dr.
Packard refers to this, but still places the insect among the Boméycidae,
and writes as follows: “I have carefully recompared this genus proposed

* Some Geometers, I am aware, lack the spurs; but the difference in proportion
is, I believe, constant.

163

by myself and placed next to Nudaria, and am still of the opinion that
this is its proper position. In the small head with the large occiput and
the male genital armature it is much like Croca¢a. The antenne and
legs are much as in other Zithosians. The venation, though different
in some important respects from that of Crocofa, (there being a subcostal
cell where there is none in Croco/a, and but five subcostal veins where
in Croco/a there are six), is still Lithosian in plan there being four med-
ian veins. On a fresh comparison of Zuphanessa with European examples
of Nuduria I see no reason to doubt the clear subfamily relations of
the two genera.”

In the Trans. Ento. Soc. London, 1877, p. 371, Mr. A. G Butler
in a Catalogue of the Zz¢hostidae in the Brit. Museum places the insect
near WVudaria without comment. ?

Having during the last few months given some study to the Geome
tridae, | have come to the conclusion that the proper and only possible
place of this insect is among the Geometridae, and not among the Lom-
bycidae where it is placed by the authors above quoted,

1st.—The /arva is a true Geometer. The larve of the Bombycidae
are, I believe, in no case Geometers. And those of Crocofa and Nudaria
are not only not Geometers, but are more or less clothed with hair and
spines. From this characteristic Luphanessa is an anomaly among the
Bombycidae, and has no relation whatever to its so called nearest allies.

2nd.—The pupa is just as anomalous if Luphanessa be placed
among the Bombycidae. The pupz were found in New Jersey by Mr.
J. B. Smith,. and the imagines emerged. ‘The pupa skins are now in
my possession by his kindness. Both Crocofa and Nudaria I am told
pupate inacocoon. The pupa of Huphanessa was found under bark, en-
tirely without cocoon, girthed and suspended by the tail. The pupa un-
doubtedly went beneath the bark only for protection from the weather,
and was hanging free. The pupa of the Bombyctdae are comparatively
short and stout. That of Zuphanessa is slender, angulate and elongated.
The pupa can thus properly be referred only to the Geome/ridae. ‘There are
at least some corresponding examples, I have read of, among the Geo-
metridae of Europe, but I have heard of none among the Bombycidae.
Somewhat aberrant in the first family, it would be anomalous in the
second,

3rd. —In adits the imago is entirely a Geometer, It is not only
easily disturbed during the day, but has the habit of hiding on the under
side of leaves, with the wings widely extended when at rest, and it has
the loose uncertain weak Geometrid flight.

—169—

4th.—So ‘ar as the head 1s concerned the insect it seems to me must
be considered a geometer rather than a Bombycid. In size, it is no
smaller comparatively than many other Geometers. The antennz tongue
and palpi are Geometrid rather than Bombycid. And the shape of the
front and occiput is paralleled in others of the Geometers. At the most
the parts of the head which Dr. Packard emphasises as being of great im-
portance in showing the Bombycid standing of the insect, might serve for
generic but certainly not for family separation.

5th.—I have made no detailed examination of the /horax, and can
not speak of any bearing this may have on determination. Superficially
it agrees with the Geometers.

6th.—So far as the venation is concerned, Dr. Packard is as far as J
can see, mistaken in saying there are four median veins, unless he ac-
knowledge the same to be true of all Geometers. I have examined
several wings, fully denuded by the Chloride of Lime and Carbolic acid
process, and placed in Balsam and I can not find any feature which is
not reproduced in the figures of venation given by Dr. Packard in his
Geometrid Moths. In the position of vein 5 (the independent vein) it is
very different from Croco/a, though not from Wudaria. As a matter of
fact however the venation of many of the Geometridae and Lombycrdae
exactly correspond, and little stress can be placed on venation. But
Luphanessa is undoubtedly a Geometer on this basis, or I have made a
very often repeated error in observation.

7th.—There is a great difference in the relative size of the legs of
the Bombycidae and Geometridae. Mr. Smith has called my attention to
the fact that in the Boméycidae the hind legs are usually as small and as
weak or smaller and weaker than the fore legs, The contraryis the case in
the Geometridae. On thisbasis Euphanessa isa strongly marked Geometer.

8th.—So far as my observation has gone, the gemd/ala of the male
of Huphanessa mendica follow the type of the Geometridae. Certainly the
genitalia differ very materially from those of Crocofa. ‘The lateral claspers
are somewhat the same, but the supra-anal plate of Luphanessa isa
slender down curved spine after the ordinary form of the Geometridae,
while Crocofa has at the termination of this plate, another spine beneath
and within the terminal incurved point, which, curved backward, seems
to have a scissors movement toward the terminal spine for clasping.

Thus there is nothing which would make the* placing of this insect
among the Geomefridae an error, while many things make its position
among the Bombycidue anomalous and forced. There are many things
in which it agrees only with the Geometridae, none in which it agrees
only with the Bombycidae. It seems therefore that Luphanessa must be
catalogued with the Geometridae.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 26

Prof. Riley commenting on the paper, thinks that Mr. Hulst makes
out his case very well. The characters enumerated, make the insect an
anomalous one wherever placed, still the bulk of the characters are geo-
metrid and he thinks that most Lepidopterists would instinctively place
it with the geometers, rather than the Bombycids. He had _ previously,
in a note to some paper on the preparatory stages of other insects referred
to the peculiar pupa of this species, which is the only instance known to
him where a heterocerous pupa was girthed, and fastened by the cremast-
er asin the Papilionidae; and the resemblance was further heighthened by
two small horns, or ears, which gave the insect the appearance ofa
miniature Papilio cresphontes. We have here the anomaly of a moth, low
in the scale, mimicing a character peculiar to buttertlies usually placed
among the highest, by systematists. He thinks the only conclusion to
be formed from this, is that the adolescent stages are not always to be
depended on in defining the proper position of the mature insect. In
_ reference to Mr. Smith’s paper there were two points to be remarked on.

First, —the genitalia in some groups have been well and carefully
studied, and as it is desirable that there should be uniformity in nomen-
clature, new names should not be proposed for the parts, but so far as
possible the names used by others should be adopted.

Second, —he agreed entirely with Mr. Smith’s strictures on the work
of the Lepidopterists, which had heretofore been so superficial that it had
been often made a reproach, and their work was looked on as unscien-
tific. The specific descriptions are often very unsatisfactory, based on
the most inconstant characters, and the generic descriptions are even
worse. In reference to the genitalia he doubts whether they will be as
useful in systematic work as is now supposed, and venation and other
structures will still have to be relied upon.

When first the variability in this respect was discovered, it appeared
valuable; but larger study he thinks will shake our faith. He says, too,
that he finds more or less variability in the same species. He has found
that some species otherwise closely allied are widely separated by this
character, and again species perfectly distinct are nearly alike in this
respect, He looks upon them as of secondary importance, and con-
siders them as adaptations and special functional developments, that
must not be too strongly urged, though undoubtedly of value as Mr.
Smith suggests, in connection with other characters.

In reference to the anterio1 tibial epiphysis nothing certain can be
said, though there is little doubt but it serves some purpose in the at-
traction of the sexes. He does not believe that it is a scent organ as has
been suggested.

?

Prof, Lintner remarking on Mr. Hulst’s paper, stated that he had
started up Luphanessa mendica by the hundreds and had noticed their
flight. They would just flutter for a short distance and then return to
cover under the leaves. The pupal characters mentioned were new to
him, and he asks Prof. Riley whether they were truly girthed as in
Papilio or whether there was not a slight cocoon.

Prof. Riley replied that he had not seen them transform, but he
considered it truly girthed, there being a single strong thread in a suture
either at the end of the meta-notum or near the base of the abdomen. It
was some time since he had seen them; Mr. Smith might recollect
better. :
Mr. Smith states that he found them under a piece of loose bark,
fastened by the tail, and a distinct band, while there was no trace of a
cocoon. The long slender pupa suggested Zipula, and he was utterly
astonished when he found the imago that emerged. .He certainly would
never have imagined it a Bombycid pupa.

On motion the club then adjourned, to meet on the 26th inst. at
the call of the President.

Club meet August 26th, at 7 P.M. pursuant to adjournment, 4o
persons present, Prof. Lintner in the chair. The minutes of the previous
meeting were read and adopted.

Dr. Kellicott read a paper

ON THE, LARVAL) PERIOD “OF HAR MONIA PINE
AND A PARASITE OF SAME.

The original description of this moth, together with the facts, so
faras known, in its history, were published in the Canadian Entomologist,
vol. XIII, 1885. The last week in June of this year I had an opportu-
nity to visit the “old homestead” in Oswego Co., N.Y., where I ob-
tained a limited number of imagines and certain additional facts per-
taining to its preparatory stages; these I present for the consideration of
this Club, together with specimens of the moth, the pitch-masses in which
the pupze form, with pupa shells protruding, and a dipterous fly-parasite
of the species.

I have elsewhere, Canadian Entomologist XIII, 157, shown that
the larva does not transform until, at least, two years old; I think now
that I have evidence that it does not change until the third year. The
facts are these: In June 1883 two pitch-exudations on a small pine were
marked; these were fresh and were supposed to contain larvae one year
old and which would probably give moths in June 1884; accordingly
I made arrangements for having the same cut out and sent to meat

—172—

Buffalo in May 1884; the plan failed, however, and, as it turned out,
the oversight led to good results. On revisiting the spot in June of this
year L at once identified the pitch-cocoons marked in June 1883, then
one year old. and on examining them I could find no reason for think-
ing that moths escaped from them in 1884; on opening one of them a
live chrysalid was found within; the other was cut out with an axe and
on July 6th gave a moth, now in my collection.

These facts do not amount to demonstration, although to me they
indicate a high degree of probability that the life-period of this A‘gerian
is completed the third year. For, by way of application, the fully formed
pitch-masses of June 1883 were caused by larve hatched in 1882 since
the imagos of 1883 were just appearing, and had moths issued in 1884
the opening, pupa-shell and pupa-cell would have been easily seen until
1885. It is scarcely possible that eggs were laid in 1883 from which
larvee occupied these masses formed by a previous generation or by some
other animal. On examination of scores of examples I have failed to
find traces of any other insect in the pitch, at least, such as could cause
the exudation. , Pinzpestis Zimmermani causes somewhat similar forma-
‘tions, but they are readily separated from those of the A¢gerian.

The egg and the very young larve have not been seen by me: the
former is evidently deposited near a wound in the tree; the young not
being able to penetrate the outer bark of the pine trunk. ‘They rarely
occupy branches and have not been found in small trunks, i.e. from
three to five years growth; on the other hand they prefer young pines
from six inches to a foot in diameter, especially such as have grown up
when the original pine forests have been mostly removed.

For obvious reasons larve boring into woody stems or the roots of
trees or shrubs are well protected from insect parasites. A few references
occur, however, to instances of hymenopterous parasites of our wood-
boring A%gerian larvee; one, PA@ogmes ater, parasitic in Podosesta syr-
ing@, has been noticed by G. H. French, Papilio I, 106, and another,
an Lchneumon, in the same, by Herbert Osborn, Papilio II, 71. Thus
far I have found no mention of a dipterous parasite of any of our species
ofthe group. The two-winged fly exhibited with the examples of
Harmonia pini escaped from a pupa of the same and _ is a parasite of the
same. May 30, 1885, at Portage, N. Y., I removed a mass of pitch that
proved to contain a pupa; it was kept ina proper box when it soon
lost its motion and the puparium of the fly was observed within its shell.
The fly appeared June zoth. It has been sent to Dr. C. V. Riley for
identification, but 1t was not in his collection and it was not specifically
identified; it is a species of Zachima. 1 am at a loss to understand,

—173—

knowing the larval habits imperfectly, how the fly can possibly deposit its
ege upon the moth larva, as it lives continuously, as I suppose, within
the pitch. There must be some means of obtaining air and possibly
there are openings left for that purpose; I have not been successful in
finding out how the matter is managed. The pupa-cell is covered at the
outer extremity by a thin layer of rather brittle pitch; it may be a fact
that this is sometimes destroyed when the temporarily exposed inhabitant
is victimized. Had the parasite occupied the body of the host since the
previous summer, it seems that the latter would have been too much ex-
hausted to have completed its transformations. But why guess out the
history of this parasite and its relation to the host? Now that its existence
is known of, the facts of its history may be readily determined.

Prof. Riley had been very much interested in the paper. He could
not recollect any instance where the larval life has been so long, and the
fEgeride as a rule are supposed to require only one year to undergo
their transformation. As to the manner in which the Zachina reaches
the A®geria larva, it is probable that the latter must come to the surface
rather often to expel the excrement from its burrow and the TZachina
could take advantage of that. Once fastened, the egg is very secure.

Prof. Lintner asks whether the larva feeds on the pitch. Dr. Kelli-
cott says that the excrement is mixed with pitch, but the larva makes
regular burrows in the wood and undoubtedly feeds upon the wood, He
says the larva is always more or less coated with pitch, and when remov-
ed from its burrow dies in a short time from the stiffening of this sub-
stance. He assumes that the larva must come out sometimes for air,
but does not see that there is any arrangement similar to that of Pedisca
Scudderiana which has a little trap-door-arrangement which it can open
at will.

Prof Lintner says that Nephopiery.x« Zimmermani, or Pinipesies has the
same pitch pine feeding habit and also lives in turpentine exudations.

Dr. Kellicott has observed this larva also which however does not
make so large an excrescence. ‘The excrescences are also more irregular,
often a mere line or track of pitchy exudation marking the track of the
larva from whorl to whorl or twig to twig. ‘This larva when removed
from its burrow also lives but a short time, owing to the hardening of
the pitch.

Dr. Kellicott then read a paper

ON THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF. AN
UNDETERMINED COSSUS.

This short paper on the preparatory stages of an undetermined

Cossus although in a somewhat unfinished state of preparation is presented

: —174—

for friendly criticism, and whether or not it shall be completed finally,
depends upon what is left of it after you have done. A few weeks since
it was my pleasure to revisit the ‘told homestead” in Oswego Co., N. Y.,
and to tramp for a few days over hills and swamps dwelling upon the
memories of boyhood days and endeavoring to capture a few insects for
mementos and for my collection. In getting a few I was successful.
One of interest among this number is the Cossus whose larva and pupa
are the subjects of the following notes.

The discovery of the borer was accidental; passing along the border
ofa brook I came upon some alders, A. zmcana, which had been drawn
out root and branch upon dry ground: one stem had been broken off
near the root disclosing the cylindrical gallery of an insect borer very
different from those made by a beetle larva common in the same stems.
An examination brought to light numerous examples of a Cossus larva
in the roots and stems of the alders in the vicinity. The facts in its
history were partially made out.

Larvee of two distinct sizes were about equally abundant; the larger
ones at the time, June 29th, were moulting, As the imagos, probably,
had escaped it seems pretty certain that the preparatory stage lasts three
_ years, i.e., the smaller larve were one year old, the larger two and these
transform next May or June. Several pupa-shells (all broken) were
found in the openings in the bark, and one pupa, which was dead but
in perfect condition. The larva, it seems bores principally in the roots
until the second year, when it begins to work upward in the trunk, and
before pupating in the spring of the third year, bores out to the surface a
few inches above the ground. The pupa-cell, a mere enlargement of the
burrow a little below the external opening, is not stopped or plugged
with chips as is the case in the cell of C. Centerensis; none were found
in the roots and no evidence was obtained that the larva bores in the
trunks save towards the end of its period, when it moves upward to pre-
pare a way for the moth to escape where it is out of the way of danger
of water, as the alder grows in wet places. This moth escapes as others
of its kind do, by the pupa worming its way out of the cell so that part
of its body protrudes from the tree when the moth emerges leaving the
skin in the opening.

I witl describe the larger of the larva and compare the smaller one
as it may differ.

Length 1.5 to 1.8 inches. Subcylindrical, tapering very slightly at extremities,
slender, width of body .25 of aninch, Length of smaller ones .8 inch. The head is
light yellowish brown above, black about the mouth parts, hemispherical, smooth,
or slightly roughened, with a few dark dots from which arise dark hairs, usually

—175—

worn off the vertex of the larger examples. The second ring is smooth, lighter color-
ed than the head; above the spiracle on either side there are three black spots situ-
ated at the corners of a right-angled triangle, the upper one at the right angle, bears
a coarse brown hair, the other two have finer, lighter colored hairs; the top of the
third ring is likewise smooth and brownish; the remaining body surface except the
yellowish piliferous spots and top of ring thirteen is white; the longer hairs on the
posterior rings are black, The body rings are strongly folded transversely; the
yellowish dorsal spots bear brownish hairs; the anterior larger pair are situated rather
near together on the broadest transverse fold; the smaller posterior pair are situated
on a narrower fold and much farther from the slight dorsal furrow. The stigmata are
broadly elliptical, the rings narrow, black scarcely raised above the surface, the color
within the ring light brown. The legs are yellowish, hooks black; the prop legs
with very many hooklets,

The pupa is slender, length 1.6 inches, width of thorax .33 inch, but slightly
curved and of unusually uniform diameter, smooth, under a lens transversely striate,
the three anterior rings black, shagreened, on the prothorax there are two conical
protuberances which in profile under a strong lens prove to be double pointed; on the
clypeus are two gouge-shaped spines, shining black on outer half, and on the upper
roughened base of each of these there is a small conical tooth; on the under side of
the head case, below the gouge-like spines is a pointed spine directed forwards; back
of this are two smaller cusps, one either side of ventral line and still farther back
apparently over the first tarsal joint of the fore legs are two smaller points. The
transyerse rows of dorso-abdominal teeth are as usual, but the teeth are exceedingly
fine, increasing in size but little posteriorly; the black, blunt anal segment bears
several small black conical teeth on either side.

I have mentioned this insect above as an undetermined Cossus; that
it is one of the Cossidze, there can be, I think, no doubt and as I un-
derstand the descriptions of the preparatory stages of the genus Cossus,
it seems to me that it belongs to that genus. therefore I will for brevity
of referrence call it provisionally Cossws Adni. It certainly is clearly
distinct from C. Cenferensis whose larva and pupa I have had an oppor-
tunity to examine from poplars at Corunna, Mich.; in fact it appears to
be distinct from any species, whose history is know, It may prove to
be one of the doubtful or partially known species. I am aware that Mr.
Lintner has referred to a Cossus which bores in the trunk of white birch;
lam also mindful that insects are asa rule pretty good botanists and
that Be/u/a and A/nus are closely related plants, so this insect may prove
to be the one discovered in the birch by Mr, Lintner. It ought not to
be a difficult matter to obtain the moth in May or June next.

For the above entomological guessing, my first attempt, I trust
you, my friends, will pardon me; as most of you have at sometime and
in some degree, committed the same error, I think you will.

Prof. Lintner says that the larva referred to as having been found by
him in birch seems also a root borer; all those found being near the ground.
He found only one broken pupa which is still in his possession and he

—176—

offers it to Prof. Kellicott for examination aud study. The pupz in this
genus afford excellent specific characters.

Prof. Riley says Mr. Koebele last fall found in N. H, a larva boring
in birch, which he thought was a Cossid. ‘This died, or at least has not
emerged, and as far as he recollects agreed very well with Dr. Kellicott’s
description. However, some examination had been made, and some
discussion had been had with the result that it was doubtful whether the
larva was Cossid, or whether it was not that ofa Zeuzera or an Aegeria,
He simply suggests this as a possibility as the larva seems to agree very
well with Dr. Kellicott’s account.

Dr. Kellicott says he is very sure it isnot an Aegeria but a Cossus.
He further mentions that he has found guerciperda at Buffalo, in drv red
oak. At first he thought them small specimens of C. rodinia.

Prof. Lintner hopes that Dr. Kellicott will continue his experiments
and observations on this interesting group. ;

Prof. Riley then gave some

NOTES ON THE PRIMGIPAL INJURIOUS INSECTS
OF WHE YEAR.

We are aware that almost every vear is characterized by some un-
usual prevalence of destructive insects, not previously observed in any
such numbers. Examples were last year Pulvinaria innumeralilis and
Agrotis fennica. A glanee at the entomological events of the present
season shows a comparative scarcity of such phenomena so far as noxi-
ous species are concerned and I can recall but few characteristic of the
year. One worthy of mention is Agrofis messoria found at Goshen,
N. Y., destructive to the onion. This had previously been known as
destructive to vegetation, but principally to fruit trees by cutting out the
buds in early spring; hence the habit noticed this summer has been ex-
ceptional. Another species, belonging to the Coleoptera, <Amnthonomus
musculus, attracted considerable attention in the strawberry fields, on
Staten Island, N. Y. This habit of the species is not new, because I had
noticed it in Missouri many years ago, but its abundance and destructive-
ness were phenomenal. As is usual, where a great abundance of a form
is collected, the species was found to have two names, and there is some
doubt as to what the destructive species really is.

Another Lepidopterous insect, Lurycreon rantalis, a Pyralid, is
worthy of mention as a conspicuously injurious insect in the South-
Western States. It is astonishing what an amount of injury this insect
has done, and the agricultural papers have been full of accounts of this
‘“veb worm’, as this insect has popularly dubbed. This larva I first
found in 1867, in Western States, and in Kansas in 1873, common on

—177—

-

Amaranthe, The present year it was destructive not only to the vege-
tables but many other plants. All through Texas, Indian Territory,
Kansas and Arkansas, and also Iowa and Nebraska, the insect was most
destructive. The larva, though of the usual Pyralid form, is still well
distinguished by its pale green color and large piliferous spots.

During the present year Cicada septendecim has appeared in many
portions of our country and I have been able to collect a large number
of valuable notes that will enable us to better fix the limit of distribu-
tion and the extent of both the sep/endecim and /redecim broods.

In Central N. Y, the Hessian fly has done a great deal of damage.
For some years past it has not attracted much attention there, and it has
been the opinion of some even well known Entomologists that it had left
its old haunts and migrated to the west. Asa matter of fact however
wheat culture has changed its center, and the only reason there have
been no complaints in the East, is that there was little or no grain for
them to attack; and this year the sudden increase in numbers has again
called attention to the fact that the insect has not yet left its old haunts.
So much injury has been done that many farmers abandoned the crop
and did not harvest it.

On the Pacific Coast, locusts have been unusually abundant, and
have done great damage. Hitherto the injury had mostly be done by
Camnula pellucida, but this year the species has been M/elanoplus devasta—
for, regret to say that Mr, L. Bruner, an agent sent to visit Montana,
reports a great increase of the Acrid@id@ throughout that region and great
fears are entertained of the future; but the prospects are not necessarily
gloomy, for the weather has of late been unfavorable to their develop-
ment, and unless there is a great change of conditions they will not be
unduly abundant.

Melanoplus spretus is still most abundant, but native species are also
very plentiful, and Camnula pellucida was found, indicating that all these
species can become very destructive in the west.. Many other species
were locally abundant or destructive, but these can be considered charact-
eristic of the year.

Dr. Kellicott mentioned that in Buffalo Podosesia syringe has been
destructive to the ash trees. Prof, Osborn and Mr. Hy. Edwards had
stated in ‘‘Papilio” that the young shoots or branches were attacked, but
in Buffalo it lives under the bark of the old trees. He has observed a
number of the trees, has seen the pupa cases projecting and has watched
20 or more from a single tree in a single day. Often 100 or more were
in a Single tree.

A gentleman from Goshen, said he knew something about one of
the insects mentioned by Prof. Riley. A friend of his had three acres of

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 27

—178—

onions, and all had been eaten up, so the land had to be plowed and put
into potatoes. The larva never came out in the day, but in the evening
they came out in vast numbers and all hands turned out to capture them.
A man and wife had between g and 12 P.M., collected 8 quarts of larva.
In regard to the Hessian fly, that is so abundant in that part of the State
that wheat culture is simply abandoned.

Prof. Underwood says the maple egerian has been common in Syra-
cuse this year and many trees were literally full of larva.

Prof. Osborn says in referrence to Sesza syringe that in 1—1t3 inch
ash twigs he has found them most abundant—tnose from larger trees con-
tained mostly parasites. Culoplenus femur-rulrum has been abundant and
attracted considerable attention—in fact some papers proclaimed the
arrival of AZ, sprefus. They have done considerable damage to oat fields,
cating off the heads, and in pasture lands, where the damage is less
cvident.

In motion of Prof. Cook the meeting adjourned to meet again at the
call of the President.

(To be continued. )

> 6 0
a.

Notes and News.

Dr. Goding writes us as follows: I have another piece of good news to report.
‘TYennessee-—the most progressive of all the Southern States has made another ad-
vance and appointed a State Entomologist, Prof. K. W. Doran, Principal of the
London (Tenn.) Academy is the appointee and will at once enter upon his duties.

Though not very well known to the entomolozical world, yet Prof. Doran has
been a quiet, earnest student of the habits of insects for several years, and no doubt
a bright future is before him.

Little entomological work has been done in Tennessee, and, with a rich soil and
fine magnolia groves about him we may well expect some fine fruit following Prof.
Doran’s labors’’.

Prof. Doran is unknown to us, and we await with interest the result of his work.
It is always a pleasure to us to learn of a new worker, and in this case there is added
_ the gratification that another State has recognized the importance of having an Ento-
mologist. It might, perhaps, have been better, had a more experienced man been
appointed, but we are willing to give our new friend a fair show.

* *
*

Occasionally, in a narrative of travels an interesting observation on insect habits
is made, and is very apt to be overlooked. Mr. E. A. Schwarz has handed us the
following notes from ‘Die Thierwelt im Holliindischen Guiana’? von Aug. Kappler.*
Ausland 1885. P. 617. No. 31. Speaking of Bradypus cucculiga (Faulkner), an
animal of the the size of a cat, covered with a fur of dense hair-like wool; and be.
jonging to the E¥entata, he says ‘‘In this thick fur there lives as a parasite, a Tineid,

* Animal Life in Dutch Guiana, by Aug. Kappler.

—179-—

which when the animal is dead comes forth by the dozen and flies away’’. A para-
sitic Tineid is certainly a curiosity.

P. 699, No. 35. Speaking of birds of the genus Cacicus, several of which in-
habit Guiana, he says ‘Very remarkable are their friendly relations with several
species of Polistes, well known to the Indians and negroes. ‘The nests of these birds
are never seen without a nest of these wasps in the immediate vicinity —sometimes so
near that the bird when entering its own nest, touches the combs of the wasps, which
are not at all disturbed by this proceeding; but they vigorously resist any attempt to
disturb the birds’ nests. I know three species which are thus friendly with these birds’’.

* * *

The new Check List of Hemiptera Heteroptera will be ready for distribution to—
ward the end of the present month. It will make about 30 pages, and will cost 50
Cents per copy. Subscriptions to be sent to the Editor, at the National Museum,
Washington, D. C.

SE

Book Notices.

List of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. By Samuel Henshaw.
Philadelphia. American Entomological Society. Roy. 8vo. pp. 161. Oct, 1885.

We have received this publication, and are heartily glad to see it. M»
Henshaw has earned the gratitude of every American Coleopterist, and we doubt not
he will receive it. But the Am. Ent. Soc. has also done its part, and has furnished
us with a book that for quality of paper, neatness and accuracy of typography, seeks
its equal, There are 9238 species numbered, representing those forms known to
American students. Species not yet identified are left without a number, and we
regret to say there are quite a large number of them, Every Coleopterist should have
at least two copies.

——— $+

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. November 3d, 1885. — Twenty-four
persons present; Mr. Cramer, the President, in the chair, Messrs. W. B. Tay-
lor, Chas. Scott and Chas. Palm were elected members of the society.

Mr. Smith read a paper on ‘‘Cosmosoma omphale,” * illustrated by black-
board sketches, describing a peculiar secondary sexual character, of the <j,
noted at a previous meeting. Mr. Hy. Edwards exhibited the pupa and cocoon
of the same insect, the latter of which is fine, rather loose, and of a bright lemon
yellow. In response to a question, he stated that the larva was tufted, and
somewhat Arctia form and he rather agreed with Mr, Butler that there ought to
be a group Arclio-zygenid@ to which such species as this might belong as they
had characters common to both groups. Mr. Smith illustrated the agreement
of Cosmosoma with some of the Bombycidw in genital structure, and stated,
that, while undoubtedly strongly Bombycid in character, yet there were peculi-
arities enough to put this species in the Syntomoidew. It is certainly not a
Zygenid. Prof. Riley remarked on the peculiarity of the position of this
structure. It had, he believed, the purpose of attracting the 9 and he thought
that'a rivalry might exist among males—he credited insects with suflicient
psychic development to believe that the Q might exercise choice in the matter

* Which will be published in the next number.

- t 7
« '
j
.

—180—

of which <{ should be her mate. Mr. Weeks exhibited a series of D. archippus
showing variations in depth of suffusion,

Prof. Riley exhibited to the Society several colored lithographic plates of
Aecronycta, imagines and larve, and also of Cicada septendecim in various stages
of development. After informal discussion the Society adjourned.

Entomological Society of Washington, Noy. 19th. Mr. Otto Lugger ~

read a paper on the larva of Caenia dimidiata (Fabr.), which is identical in ap-
pearance with fig. 433 of Packard’s Guide, there called ‘‘related to Drilus” but
which had never been bred. The lary were found in May 1883 in a cluster of
214 specimens at the base of a willow, slightly covered with dead leaves. ‘They
much resembled the cast-off skins of Oniseus found in similar locations.
Amongst the larvee were specimens of a young Helix exidently born there. Re-
moved to » breeding cage they remained motionless for a few days, but then re-
vived and moved about, but with extreme slowness of gait. The lateral appen-
dages are hollow and inflexible. In ten days some transformed to pupz within
the larval skins. The imago issued in six days and was perfectly white on first
appearing, changing rapidly through light sky-blue to the normal coloring of
blue and orange. The imagos copulated freely, but only one unfertilized egg
was obtained. The speaker believed the larva to be phytophagic and not carni-
yorous as suggested by Packard.

The paper was discussed by Mr, Mann and Prof. Riley. Prof. Riley called
attention to the similarity of habit between the Cania just described and
Lycus terminalis which he believed to be also a vegetable-feeder.

Mr. B. P. Mann explained at length the Dewey decimal system of library
arrangement and classification. His paper was discussed by Prof. Riley and
Mr. Smith. Prof. Riley commended the system for large libraries but consider-
ed its use a waste of time for small private collections of books.

Mr. J. B. Smith read a translation of Dr. Gerstaecker’s paper on the posi-
tion of Pleocoma Lec., in the Lamellicorn series, from the Stettiner Entomol.
Zeitung.

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Schwarz and Smith and Prof. Riley.
Myr. Schwarz endorsed Dr. Gerstaecker’s conclusions, but called attention to the
lack of emphasis placed on Dr. Leconte’s original statement that the spe-
cimen had no abdomen, and stated that after his second paper, Leconte made no
redescription, and probably never re-examined his specimens, but based his
conclusions as to the place of the genus on characters made out and embodied
in his early articles. As to the larva called Pleocoma by Osten-Sacken, he re-
marked that it was difficult to consider it a Lucanid, for no Lucanid of sufficient
size is known from California —yet the larva could scarcely belong to any other
group, and there was either an error in the locality, or there must exist a species
not yet discovered. Possibly also the specimen was accidentally carried to the
place where found.

Mr. Howard made a statement to the effect that the Thoracantha floridana
described by Mr. Ashmead in Entomologica Americana for August, as the first
representative of its gronp found in the United States, is the same species which
he (Mr. Howard) exhibited to the Society in June 1884, and which was origin—
ally collected by Mr. Schwarz at Haw Creek, Florida, in July, 1883.

L. O. HOWARD, Corr. Secy.

‘

5

TOMOLOGIC,»
AMERICANA

VOL.1. BROOKLYN, JANUARY, 1886. NO. 10.

Cosmosoma omphale.*

By Joun By Smiru.

At the Ann Arbor meeting of the A.A.A.S.. Mr. H. G. Hubbard
» mentioned to me a peculiar flaxy or cottony substance concealed in a
cavity in the abdomen of the ( of this species, and asked its use. The
presence of this substance was entirely new to me, and _ so far as I have
been able to discover since, no mention of it is made by any author. At
my request, Mr. Hubbard who was prevented by indisposition from at-
tending the meetings of the Entomological Club, sent some specimens
through Mr. E. A. Schwarz, who presented the matter before the Club.
He called attention to a broad plate at base of abdomen—much larger
than the ventral portion of the sub-basal segment, and stated that this
covered a cavity in which was concealed a downy substance, sufficient in
quantity when teased out to fill a small pill box. Considerable discus-
sion on the nature and use of this structure was had; but all present
were absolutely ignorant of its existence before this time.

Mr. Hubbard has kindly given me a number of specimens of this
insect and from them these notes are made. The intention at first was
to give a description of this structure only; but on reflection it was decid-
ed to figure and briefly describe the external anatomy of the entire insect.

Lepidopterists have paid too little attention to the anatomical struc-
ture of their pets, and as, sooner or later the study must become more
specific in structural detail, it may save the future student some labor to
have at least one species carefully figured.

Right here it may perhaps be well to, call attention to an error in
my paper on the Zygaenidae, Tr, Am. Ent. Soc. XIJ, 77—84. On PI.
III, fig. 25 the figure instead of representing Cosmosoma, really represents
Didasys. The error occured in labelling the slides from which the

* Read before the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Nov. 3, 1885.

5
mb)

—ee—

drawings were afterward made, and the word Cosmosoma wherever it oc-
curs should read Didasys. Thad no specimen of Cosmosoma before
me when that paper was written, hence my failure to note the peculiar
structure hereafter described.

Fie J

The head presents nothing noteworthy, and the figures sufficiently
explain its structure. The front is somewhat protuberant, nearly quad-
rate, suddenly receding, and with a deep concavity below the base of
the antennz, leaving a distinctly marked intervening carina extending to
the suture. The ocelli are distinct, as usual situated close to the com-
pound eye and behind the base of the antenne.

The dorsum of thorax appears slightly lengthened in the figure, be-
cause the convexity is not shown. Of the prothorax nothing is visible
from above.

The mesonotum or scutum is, as usual, the most prominent, and is
oblong, somewhat widening posteriorly, The upper surface presents
nothing of note, and does not seem to differ from its allies. Viewed from
the side it shows more that is characteristic, and differs essentially from
that of Zygaena by the slight development of the meta-thorax. No com-
parisons can be made at present because of the lack of knowledge of
allied forms, and I shall simply let the figure speak for itself.

The abdomen is most peculiar. It consists of 8 segments, includ-
ing the membraneous connecting segment at base, and excluding the
specialized rings forming the genital armature.

The membraneous ring at base consists of a dorsal plate a, an in-
flated process, covering a spiracle, 4, and a minute sternal ring, not vis-
ible from below unless the abdomen is removed. ‘The second dorsal

—183—

segment is longest, and wider than the thorax, The 3rd is shorter and
wider, while the 4th and sth are nearly equal in width and considerably
shorter. From this point the segments narrow rapidly and shorten some-
what. The ventral surface at first view presents only six segments; the
basal ring is hidden as above stated, by the thorax, while the second
covers the two following rings, leaving only a narrow rim of the 4th seg-
*ment exposed. The other segments present nothing remarkable, narrow-
ing toward the tip; the last emarginate. The dorsal surface overlaps
somewhat, and forms a beaded margin, more or less visible in various
specimens and not marked in the Q. The figure (2) will show the un—
derside better than I can describe it.

Taking a specimen that had been softened, I lifted the abdomen
from the tip, and found that it bent readily, separating along the posterior
edge of the second dorsal segment and presenting an appearance from
the side as shown at figure 3, except that the silky substance was not
shown. Above the large plate isa cavity extending upward half the
diameter of the whole segment and filled with a pure white cottony sub-
stance, consisting of very fine threads cut to exactly the same length, and
compressed into the space as closely as it was possible to pack it. Tak-
ing it out carefully the pad measured nearly 2 mm. in width by 0.5 mm.
in thickness; left to dry a few minutes a slight puff separated the mass,
so that, sticking together asa ball, it had expanded to fully 7 mm. in
diameter. In the fourth segment was found a similiar cavity with a
somewhat smaller pad of this fine silky or cottony substance, and added
to the other, a ball fully 10 mm. in diameter was formed, light as air,
and fine as the finest floss silk. A section of the abdomen of a specimen
barely softened, presented the appearance shown in figure 6.

In the 2nd segment the cavity opens and is exposed by the simple
lifting of the abdomen or dropping the covering plate. The third seg-
ment is reduced ventrally to a narrow ring, lined inside with a fine elastic
membrane to which the second pad is attached, and this rests in the ven-
tral half of the fourth segment which is empty, but otherwise normal,
except that it is not united to the 3rd at its anterior edge. By flexion of
the abdomen the distance between the edges of the 3rd and 4th segments
is widened and the pad, unattached inferiorly, is exposed. Fig. 3 shows
the appearance of the cavities in profile, while fig. 6 represents a section
of the abdomen, the fine lines indicating the pad.

The cavities extend upward to the center of the segments, where
they are separated by a thin chitinous wall; below this, and lining the
Cavities, is a thin elastic membrane, forming a complete sac. On _ this
the superior or attached portions of the pad rest.

The upper portion of segments 2 and 3 are empty—i.e. all the or-

—184.—

gans of the abdumen are crowded into the terminal segments, leaving the
2nd and 3rd hollow. ‘The stigmata opening into these segments are
large and distinct.

Completely softening a specimen and detaching the abdomen, I
flexed it so that the cavities were opened, and then inserting a tube into
the upper portion of the segment, having first punctured the septum di-
viding segments 2 and 3 superiorly, I found that I could distend the
fine membrane lining the lower cavity, causing it to present the appear-
ance shown at fig. 5, in section, and in fig. 3 in profile.

It is very probable that the insect has the power of voluntarily flex-
ing the abdomen, and thus opening the cavities, and also of inflating
the membrane to protrude this silky substance, which a breath of air
would then dilate, and this pure white substance contrasting with the
deep black venter and bright red thorax and legs must present a very
pretty appearance. The obvious explanation of this structure would
seem to be that the display made would prove attractive to the female
and the insect might strut about, exhibiting itself like a peacock or a
turkey gobbler. ‘There is however one difficulty in the way of this ex-
planation. ‘The attachment of the cottony pad to the membrane is so
exceedingly slight, that the faintest puff of air, ora mere touch witha
fine needle detaches it, and it seems scarcely possible that once displayed
it could ever again be retracted and packed away into place. This would
seem to indicate that the display would also mean the loss of the sub-
stance, and yet every male I have been able to find in collections, appear-
ed to have this pad intact and all of them had the cavities tightly closed
as well. Then too, it would seem likely that such a display would have
been noticed, for these insects are not uncommon. Mr. Hubbard says
tney are quit abundant in sunny spots in the woods near Crescent City,
Fla., and he will try to observe them more carefully. It would be well
if all Entomologists in the regions where this insect is found would try
to observe its habits closely.

The genital structure allies the insect closely to some families of the
Bomlycidae. ‘Yhe supra-anal plate is broad and corneous, narrowing to-
ward tip, where the sides are produced into moderately long acute hooks,
bent outwards, and the points downward; while the middle is modified
into a broad, rather short hook with rounded tip, bent downward. The
side pieces are broad, chitinous and inwardly concave at base, suddenly
narrowing half way to tip and produced into a long, corneous, curved
hook. Fig. 7 will show the appearance of these organs from below,
giving the names of the parts; The central, narrow plate is the sheath
of penis.

The venation is shown at fig. 1. The primaries are_twelve-veined.

So

No. 1 is the internal vein which is close to the hind margin. Between it
and the median vein is a false vein, or fold, so closely resembling a true
vein that until fully denuded, its spurious character is not apparent. In’
a species in which the wings are hyaline and only the veins clothed with
scales this is especially likely to mislead, as here the false vein is as
distinctly shown as any of the others

Vein two runs from the outer third of median vein with a downward
curve to outer margin Vein three from meadian nearly half way be-
tween the inception of vein 2, and the end of the median, to outer
margin. Vein six from a short spur at the end of sub-costal. The median
cell is imperfectly closed by inward spurs from the end of median and
sub-costal, which, perfectly distinct at their inception become faint and
thread like before they join. Through the centre of the median cell,
half way to the base, and the same distance toward the outer margin.
runs a distinct fold or. false vein, Vein seven forms the continuation of
the sub-costal, and gives rise to veins 10 and 8, one quarter from its in-

5

ception. Vein 8 runs to apex, giving rise to vein 9 at its middle. Vein
g runs to costa, as does also vein 10. Vein 11 runs from the sub-costal,
one fourth from tip to the costa, rather less than one fourth from apex of
wing. Vein 12—the costal vein, runs from base to costa, rather less
than one third from tip.

The secondaries have but five veins; No. 1 is the internal; 2 and 3
are together from the end of the median; 4 and 5 together from the end
of the sub-costal. ‘There is no costal vein, The median cell is closed
by a long inward loop.

The figure will better explain the course of the veins than words of
mine can do. ‘The frenelum is present but is weak and hair like. It
is simple in the (¥.

The legs are moderately long and slender; closely scaled. Anterior
with tibial epiphyses small; median with a pair of terminal spurs and
posterior with two pairs of spurs. The tarsi are not spinulated but
clothed beneath with rather stiff hair. The claws are simple,

The antenna are lengthily bi-pectinate nearly to the tip, where the
joints are serrate. In one specimen I counted sixty-three joints. In the
Q the pectinations are not so long

The palpi are of the usual form and proportion, and as shown in
the figure.

In conclusion, the discovery of this remarkable structure in so pro-
minent and well known a form as Cosmosoma omphale, shows how little
we really know as yet of the Lepidoptera, and how wide a field exists for
the careful and conscientious student,

= 75o—

COCOON GF C. OMPHALE.

At the November meeting of the Brooktyn ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Mr. Hy. Edwards exhibited the cocoon of this species as a supplement to
the preceeding paper. It is a clear lemon yellow, oval, somewhat flat-
tened and fastened to the underside of a leaf. There is a basis consisting
ofa thin silky fabric, and on this are ranged the long yellow hair that
give the color to the whole. These hairs are long, apparently nearly equal
in length, and furnished with minute hooks and bristles, enabling them
to felt readily. Interpersed, are a few hair with black bushy tips and
sometimes with also acircle of black bristles at middle. It would seem
therefore that the larva must be somewhat Arcéa like. The pupa is pale,
rather sordid in color, with the wings, antennz and legs well defined.
It resembles very much the Orgyra pupa in color and shape, except that
the abdomen is blunt and terminates abruptly. Both cocoon and pupa
indicate a strong Bombycid relationship, not with the Arctiidae however,
but rather with the Dasychirae.

a oo
Note on Papilio Asterias /ad.*
By Fr. TEPPER.

I have brought with me this evening some specimens of Papilio
asterias to show some of the variations, the species is subject to. In the

first place I do not think it has ever been recorded that avferazs occurs,

with a blind ocellus; that is with the orange anal spot without any trace
of a black spot. I have such a specimen in my collection bred from the
larva in Flatbush several years ago—the specimen as will be seen is in
fine condition and leaves no question of a doubt that this form occurs.
Moreover it is a male specimen, and this sex is much less given to branch
off into aberrations than are the females. Besides we have what might
be called inter-gradations, specimens in which the spot assumes different
shapes, such as lobes or mere specks, all of which tends to show that
there is a predisposition to take on abnormal forms. Now this is the
main fact I desired to establish; but while on the subject 1 would point
out some other variations into which the species is apt to run, and these
are more frequently confined to the female sex. The yellow bands, as _ is
generally known, are not so heavy in the females as inthe males, al-
though occasional females have these bands just as heavy as the males.
I have found that the inner yellow band on the secondaries of the females
is subject to very striking variations—in fact disappearing altogether in
some instances. The specimens I exhibit will show this tendency very
well indeed, as they range from the heavily banded ones to those lack-

* Read before ihe Brooklyn Entomological Society, Oct. 6, 1885.

—187—

ing this band entirely. Another tendency to branch off is shown in the
marginal row of spots on the secondaries These in the normal form
are yellow, but as my specimens will show, the same spots are sometimes
yellow, sometimes greenish or bluish, and sometimes even bright orange
—this variation, as far as I have noticed, is also confined to the females,
All the specimens exhibited were bred from larvae found on carrots in
my garden at Flatbush. In connection with this subject I would say
that collectors should endeavor to gather more material of our common
species. I know well how it is. A collector has a pair of asverias in
his collection and deems this sufficient. When in the field he disdains
to look at aséertas, much less to capture one. I myself would not advise
old collectors to capture the mature insect, for the reason that the few
_ met with are in the first place generally not fit for the cabinet, and in the
second place I believe but occasional] varieties are met with in the few that
come under our notice. Collectors ought to bend their energy towards
raising them, either from the egg, or from larvae, which can be picked
up in quantities in any carrot field. Among 50 or 100 specimens you
are almost sure to find some interesting forms, which will pav one for

the trouble taken.
—!—————ab> +. + a ____

Concerning Cremastochilus.
By Gro. H. Horn, M.D.

In the early part of this year I received word from Mr. J. J. Rivers
of California that he had what he supposed might by a new species of
Cremastochilus. The specimen was kindly loaned to me and on close
examination proved to be a C. Schaumii in which an accidental notch of
irregular triangular form had been made in the hind angles of the thorax.
In this species the hind angles are formed of thin triangular plates.
Shortly after this matter had been settled, a similar communication was
received from Dr. Hamilton, and on seeing the specimen he referred to,
it proved to be a camaliculatus in which both hind angles had been lost.
The following letter from Dr. Hamilton gives the details.

‘Dear Sit:

The two specimens of Cremastochilus canaliculatus submitted to you
were taken in June of the present year (1885) about two weeks apart,
and in the same ants’ nest. ‘he first one taken had the hind parts of
the thorax so abnormal (the angles, or rather processes being entirely
wanting) that I considered it a new species, till the other specimen was
found with the enucleation of the angular pieces so far advanced that
they were movable and might have been detached by a little pressure;
though in the dried insect the mobility is lost, and the notch between it
and the body of the thorax is much narrower than in life. On carefully

—1$8—

examining the first specimen it will be seen that it once possessed these
processes, as there is in the basa] excavation on each side a roughened
or alveolate space showing the place of attachment. ‘The uniformity of
surface of these spaces in connection with what is seen in the other speci-
men proves conclusively that their loss is not owing to an accident.
These, with other questions present themselves. Are these pieces decidu-
ous like the horns of the Cervidge, or are they gnawed out by the ants?
And in the latter case, what for?’ Does the same thing occur in other
species? Yours truly - Joun Hamicton.”
The specimen submitted to me by Mr. Rivers showed plainly an
inequality in the notching of the hind angles of the thorax as well as an
irregularity of the edges of the notch. It is my belief that the irregular-
ities in the Rivers and Hamilton specimens are the work of the ants,
with which the specimens were found and I have long held the opinion °
and have so published it, that the pubescens depressed spaces near the
front and under the hind angles of most of the species, are glandular,
and give a secretion very palatable to the ants, and these, almost reason-
ing insects, finding the processes in their way have deliberately removed
them, either partially as in the Rivers specimen, or entirely as in the other.
That the processes are naturally deciduous, as are the horns of the Cervidze
or the mandibular appendages of the Otiorhynchs is hardly supposable.
“Mr. Schwarz has also made some observations bearnig on this point,
as follows: '
In May 1883 while on an excursion in the vicinity of Washington, I
came across a large ant hill constructed by a species of Hormica which is
allied to, but not identical with, # r#/a. My attention was at once at-
tracted by three objects on top of the ant hill, which at first glance ap-
peared to be compact masses of ants. Upon looking closer to each
of the masses proved to consist of a living Cremas/ochilus attended
by numerous ants which held on with their mandibles to the legs,
the head, the sides of the thorax of the beetles, in short wherever
there was a chance for them to hold on. That they did not intend to do
any harm to the beetles was evident, and it seemed to me that they in-
tended to prevent the escape of the Cremastochili from their colony.
Herein they were evidently successful, as upon waiting for a considerable
length of time there was no change in the situation. I then proceded to
investigate the interior of the ant hill, which consisted of numerous layers
of intricate galleries and chambers, all built of rather loose earth without
any sticks or other debris. Within the chambers several more Cremasto-
chilus were found but not attended to by ants. At this as well as at
previous occasions I failed to find any trace of the larva or pupa of Cre-
mastochilus either within or beneath the ant hill. E. A, SCHWARZ.

—189—

Hypocephalus Armatus, De:m.*
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.

My attention aa drawn to this Brazilian beetle by an article of M.
Lameere in the Annals of the Belg. Ent. Soc., which presents so many
curious features that I have thought some account of it, and more partic-
ularly of the recent discoveries by Messrs. Sharp and Lameere would
not be uninteresting.

In the first place, it has caused the students of classification, as
much anxious thought as any insect in existence, and has occupied a
place in almost every group known, It was described in 1832 by Des-
marest, and placed by him among the S7/phidae, where it remained until
Westwood transferred it to the Cucuwjidae. From that family it travelled
into the Longicorns under the guidance of several eminent entomologists,
where it remains at present in the catalogue of Gemminger & Harold
and in the estimation of our European colleagues. Curtis published
however in 1854 a long dissertation attempting to prove its Lamellicorn
affinities, and Gistl, Spinola, and Leconte have each made it the sole re-
presentative of a separate family, as to the name and affinities of which,
however, no two agree. Dr. Leconte’s view, based upon an examination
of a specimen contained in the Brazilian exhibit, at our Centennial Ex-
position, is the most interesting, He considers it a survival of an ancient
family the other members of which are extinct. He shows by a careful
examination of those parts, which experience has shown are least liable
to variation, that it cannot be included in any family as at present con-
stituted, while its various parts show such relationships, with many of
them, as to indicate the possibility of their being descended from it. M.
Lameere devotes a considerable space to controverting this view, and by
supposing a modification of these parts in recent times, makes it a mem-
ber of the Longicorn group.

The principal features to which I would draw attention are as fol-
lows: The five-jointed tarsi, the: very short antennae, the fossorial legs,
and especially the enormously developed hind femora; (these will be
considered with the habits of the insect); the manner in which the head
joins the thorax, leaving a large space beneath, filled with a soft mem-
brane. (This character is found in very few families and is of the
greatest interest.) The peculiar form of the mandibles is highly interesting,
and they are capable of motion in a vertical plane, as well as outwards.
This character is met with elsewhere only in the RAyachophora. Of course
the enormous thorax and short elytra attract attention at once. The
thoracic interior is filled with powerful muscles operating the head and

* Read before the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Sept. 1, 1885.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 29

— 190—

mandibles. The creature is aptly characterized by Dr. Leconte as re-

sembling no other beetle so much as an insect of an entirely different

order—the mole cricket. And yet so wonderful are the operations of

nature, that the discovery of the unique life history of this beetle shows a

perfect adaptation of each of these discordant parts to the needs of its
_ owner,

The first specimens were said to have been found in the carcass of a
dead horse: which perhaps accounts for its original reference to the Sv/-
phidae, Subdsequently specimens were found dead upon the ground, and
the discovery that an Asiatic beetle somewhat resembling this pupated
underground, led to the suspicion that it also might be subterraneanin
habit; which suspicion the investigations of M. de Lacerde has practi-
cally converted to certainty. Under this hypothesis you can easily under-
stand the value of its special adaptation. By the movement of head and
mandibles, directed by the powerful muscles of the thorax, it can loosen
and push aside the particles of decaying vegetable matter, of which the
soil of Brazilian forests 1s composed, its front legs aiding in the work,
while the strong hind legs push the entire body forward through the
passage thus partially prepared. Even the extraordinarily developed
fringe of hair at the margin of the prosternum would have its use in such
a process, brushing the membrane clean of all particles of dirt each time
the head was retracted within the thorax. If it wishes to retreat through
the hole it has made, the tibize fit exactly into the femora, and they under
the abdomen; leaving the pointed elytra to open the way for the passage
of the large bulk of the insect: thus the creature is able to live and travel
about for an indefinite period underground, feeding upon the tender
roots, and perfectly secure from the attacks of its enemies. And now we
can see how Dr. Leconte’s theory of the very ancient origin of this beetle
is confirmed, for it is not supposable that such forests as those of Brazil
are of recent origin. On the contrary it is well known that portions of
the globe were once covered with tropical-like growth, yielding among
their roots a soil of softer consistency than we anywhere find now, thus
affording ample opportunity for such subterranean beetles as HZ. armutus
to gain a living in their own peculiar way. The presumption would
therefore be, that their numbers would be proportionally great, and this
bone of contention may well be the last living relic of a time when man
was not upon the globe.

To come now to the recent discoveries which have been somewhat
anticipated in the last paragraph. The function of the sharply prolonged
lateral lobes of the head was unknown until Mr. Sharp’s article ex-
plained them. I should also say that the capacity of movement con-
tained in the head was known to very few. All specimens have been

found dead with the head in its position of retraction, that is, not only
drawn in close to the thorax above, but completely bent under the
thorax just as in the pup of many Cerambycidae, It is capable of this
elsewhere unknown movement through the possession of the large mem-
brane between the head and the thorax. The specimen Dr. Leconte had
for examination was evidently in this position, for he makes no mention
of the membrane, which could not have escaped his eye had it not been
concealed within the thorax. The drawings of Curtis show it perfectly,
but it appears to have been overlooked by subsequent writers. ‘This fact
explains also why so many have failed to appreciate the suggestion of a
subterranean career in the beetle’s appearance, for with its head tucked
under its wing, as it were, the mighty and warlike 4. arma/us becomes
heavy, purposeless, even stupid in aspect.

Mr. Sharp in an article in the Annals of the Belgian Soc for 1884
states, that having softened a damaged specimen, he found, that upon
overcoming the resistance of the powerful muscles contained in the thorax,
he was able to make the head execute the complete movement of flex-
ion and contraction. Putting the head into its natural position, he was
able to inspect carefully the soft membrane thus brought to light. In
doing so he made the interesting discovery of the wound which had prob-
ably caused the death of the insect. That it had been inflicted during
the life of the insect, was conclusively proved by the dried serum sur-
rounding the wound: and, from the shape corresponding exactly with
the shape of the genal processes of the head, it was highly probable
that it had been inflicted by another individual with one of those parts.
Instances of combats between males for the possession of females are
known in many groups of animals, and even among man, so that there
is nothing improbable in Mr. Sharp’s supposition that the wound he dis-
covered, was caused in such a combat. This, according to Mr. Sharp,
would explain the great development of their genal processes; and,
carrying out the theory of sexual selection, even the other characters.
The beetles in their combats would endeavor to wound one another in
the highly vulnerable soft membrane. An individual finding himself
worsted in the fight, would need all the strength of the powerful muscles
of contraction to hold his head close down to the thorax, and_ thus pre-
vent his opponent reaching the weak point in his chitinous armor, His
enemy on the other hand would use his mandibles to pry him open,
and bracing himself with his stout hind legs, the struggle would go on
until the weaker brother was defeated. Thus, according to Mr, Sharp,
the individual deficient in the peculiar weapons of offense and defense,
would often fail to secure a mate, and in the long run the majority would
leave no offspring to perpetuate their failings: and in the series of ages

—lI Oe

during which the species has existed, the gradual disappearance of poor-
ly developed specimens has produced the present monstrosity—a monu-
ment to the evil passions of the Coleoptera.

Mr. Sharp is deeply grieved at such an immoral proceeding and I
quote his closing and affecting words: “If lam correct in my suppositions
“about this insect, those of us who are evolutionists will have to admit
“that the organisation of this extraordinary creature has been evoluted
‘in correlation with sexual combats through a long series of ages,
‘‘and there has thus resulted a most extraordinary perfection of struct-
‘ures directly and indirectly connected with this object. This is so
‘abhorrent to our moral sense, that we may feel gratified that we can
‘also point to the fact, that these structures are unique, and that out
‘‘of hundreds of thousands of insects now known to us, there is nothing
‘‘to indicate that any other has passed through a similar evolutionary
‘‘record.”

It will be observed that Mr. Sharp does not allude to the subterranean
life of the insect, of which ne appears in fact to have been ignorant, for
he regrets that he can furnish no satisfactory explanation of the form of
the hind femora, unless they assist in the sexual combats as sketched
above. It was reserved for M. Lameere to revive the previously known
fact of the insect being subterranean, and thus complete its history as I
have given it above—taking most of my facts from M. Lameere’s article.
M. Lameere examined a number of specimens, and found in several, the
wounds of which Mr. Sharp wrote, and in one specimen a similar one in
the much smaller upper membrane. He therefore adopts Mr. Sharp’s
theory as to their cause and of the development of the lateral processes
by sexual selection; but considers that the other parts have attained their
present form entirely through a process of natural selection, due to the
subterranean habit of the beetle.

To return to its position in classification fora moment; M. Lameere
in support of his placing H. armafus among the Longicorns advances
some interesting theories as to the antenne and tarsi. In his own words:
“It is scarcely necessary to remark that long antenne would be ex-
‘tremely inconvenient for a longicorn so well adapted to a subterranean
‘life and that even on the surface they, would be useless, since it has
“lost its wings. And as to the tarsi, just as the limbs of MJ/ammala
‘‘were originally furnished with five fingers which diminished in number
‘“‘under special circumstances, so the legs of Coleoptera seem to have once
“uniformly terminated in five-jointed tarsi, which have varied in the
‘‘process of evolution, as they were needed for running or for attaching
“the insect to trees. If the insect needed adaption to walking oy
“running habits, its tarsi would become as long as possible; and there-

‘fore such families now present the primitive form of five-jointed tarsi.
“If however the insect was, as in Longhorns, in the habit of attaching
“itself to trees, these would need to be as short and compact as pos-
“sible, and hence the fourth joint has disappeared. The subterranean
“life of Zypocephalus has simply restored its primitive form.”

Leaving these speculations, we certainly have in Hypocephalus arma-
/us a most interesting addition to our knowledge of natural history, in a
beetle so modified, that at first glance it does not resemble its order at all,
and even after fifty years still baffles the attempts of our most learned
Entomologists to place it properly in that order,

To those who are inclined to the theories of evolution, it furnishes
once more a striking example of what changes peculiar circumstances can
bring about, and of the perfect operation of the processes of Natural
Selection.

ee 0
Editorial vagaries.

We have just looked over the back Nos. of Ent. Am. with a feeling
of satisfaction at the value of their contents; but we cannot help feeling
also that some parts—even the most valuable—are dry; very dry. Science
is, by outsiders, supposed to be dry, and Entomology as a science ought
necessarily to be dry also. It seems an inevitable deduction that if En-
tomology is dry, Fntomologists also should suffer from drouth. And
perhaps too, that explains the fact we have noticed, that all Entomologi-
cal Societies that we have attended, have, without special motion, but
with remarkable unanimity, wended their way, after adjournment, to some
convenient locality where liquid refreshments were dispensed. When the
Brooklyn Ent. Soc. arrives in force, there is always a new keg put up, for
science is sometimes very dry indeed, and over the cup that cheers, the
lights of our science hold forth to a group of special admirers, and in so-
cial chat experiences are exchanged, and much valuable information
gained. With Messrs. Edwards, Neumoegen, Hulst,* Graef, Tepper, and
other Lepidopterists of note at one end of the table, Dr. Horn, Messrs
Julich, Leng, Roberts, Angell et al, Coleopterists, at the other, “ye editor’*
- oscillating between, the hours fly unheeded, and, with a sigh of regret, the
meeting finally adjourns: each member fuller than before—of Entomo-
logical wisdom of course.

* Temperance drinks only!

—194—

Sometimes valuable observations are given at these ‘‘annex” meet
ings, which, but for the ‘‘chiel amang them taking notes” would never
be ‘‘prented.”’

* Cd
Fs

At the recent “annex” meeting of the Ent. Soc. of Washington—pre-
sent C. V. Riley, Ph. D., President; Geo. Marx, M. D., Vice President;
E, A, Schwarz; Rec. Secy.; L. O. Howard, Cor. Secy.; ‘‘ye editor,” as re.
presentative of the rank and file, and Prof. H. Osborn as honored guest—
there was observed a roach—Slatfa germanica. Roaches are not so scarce
in Washington as to merit special attention; but the members having all
run very dry on Entomology generally, seized upon the subject with rel-
ish—i. e. not with the same relish that the sadject of Cicada was seized up-
on by some members of this society on a previous occasion; but with a
different, less gastronomical relish.

Prof, Riley related that in his office there was a roach that had be-
come quite tame and familiar.* It manifested no fear of him, would
watch him at his work and would, when a finger was presented climb on
it, run round on his hand, and make itself very much at home.

Mr. Howard stated that he also had a tame roach, and this specimen
had a fondness for tobacco. He would, when smoking, occasionally lay
his cigar on the edge of one of the drawers of his desk, and the roach would
come to the moist end and feast on nicotine. When taking up the cigar
again he would shake off the roach who would wait until it was again re-
placed, and again resume his feast.

Another member, who modestly desires to have his name with-
held, thought that insect intelligence had been much_ under-
rated. A young lady friend of his had a pet roach that used to frequent
her dressing case drawers, and used to expect and appreciate, the little
tendernesses and endearments its mistress accorded it. For three years,
or thereabouts it lived happily; but then, for a short time its mistress re-
fused to notice it—other matters on her mind probably—and this the
little pet took so to heart that it deliberately made a feast on ‘‘Pearl Pow-
der,” knowing of its poisonous qualities, and died. Deliberately com-
mitting suicide! A marvelous instance of Insect intelligence!

* *

P

Sea shore collecting, which is often very remunerative, has its disad-
vantages if pursued on frequented shores. Every passer-by stares: pity-
ingly in some instances; curiously in others. ‘That might be endured;
but they ask questions: why do you collect? what do you do with them?
Usually we tell them they are used to flavor chowder, which despite our

* The editor has also found Washington roaches very familiar indeed on very
short acquaintance.

clerical appearance does not always seem to meet with entire belief. Mr.
Schwarz says they are used in making fever medicine, and as Mr. S. has
a thoroughly medical look, his explanation is usually deemed satisfactory.

Sometimes neither explanation will work and then such rencontres
as the following may happen. Collecting industriously near Fortress
Monroe, Mr. Lugger was accosted by an army officer who asked the usual
questions. Considering his questioner Mr. Lugger tried to explain.
*‘Hum’—replied the officer—‘‘bugs eh! Humbugs I guess” and passed
on. Later on the officer again came along with all the pride of uniform
~ anda fair lady on each arm, and found Mr. Lugger examining a_ speci-
men of Tetrodon turgidus a bladder fish, which had been cast up and
was inflated. ‘What's that; not a bug too is it?” was demanded. He
was informed it was a fish. ‘‘What’s its name; do you know?” That also
was given as above. ‘Oh nonsense! I want an English name if it’s got
one.” ‘‘Oh yes!” replied Mr. Lugger, remembering the ‘‘humbug”, “we
call it the officer fish.” ‘*Officer fish?” queried his now interested inter-
locutor ‘‘Why Officer fish?’’ ‘‘Because it is usually so puffed up” was
the answer, which caused the ignominious retreat of the young magnate
amid the laughter of his fair companions.

* *
ok

Curious mistakes sometimes occur in foreign Journals, commenting
on American works, because of insufficient knowledge of English. In
the “Relazioni intorno ai lavori della R. Stazioni di Entomologia Agraria,
di Firenze 1879-82 issued in 1884, S. Targioni Tozetti gives a review of
Prof. Comstock’s paper on Coccide in the Rept. of the U. S. Entomolo-
gist some years ago; giving in parallel columns the species, and the plant
or tree it infests and the locality where found. Among others we find
Mytilaspis pandanni n. sp. feeding on TZrealease at Cambridge. Mr.
Trealease is pretty well known, but that he had a special Coccid infesting
him may be news. Ofcourse Mr. T. was in the original referred to as
collector. Another error in the paper credits Prof Comstok with the
Chalcidide described in his Report, while Mr. Howard is in reality an-
swerable for them.

Prof. Comstock has hard luck—in the Berliner bot. Zeitschrift for
1882 he is three times referred to as “Prof. Cornstalk.” Bound to make
a botanical specimen even out the name it seems.

* *
*

Our Editorial labors for the year are about closed—-the present num-
ber especially has required serious thought and much deliberation, and
with a sigh of relief we put away our editorial paraphernalia, wishing
each of our readers most heartily ““A Happy New Year;” and as we feel
charitably disposed, we will also wish them anything else they may desire.

—196—

Food-Plants of Lepidoptera.*
(No. 2. Smerinthus excecatus, A. & S.)
BY WM. BEUTENMULLER.
Leguminosae.

Wistaria sinensis, Dec. (Chinese Wistaria. )

Rosaceae.
Prunus virginiana, L. (Choke-Cherry. ) Rubus cdoratus, L. ( Purple-Flowering
*¢ serotina, Ehr. (Wild Black Cherry.) Raspberry. )
Spiraea opulifolia, L. (Nine Bark.) Pyrus malus, Tourn. (Apple.)
Urticaceae.
Ulmus fulva, Michx., (Slippery or Ulmus alata, Michx. (Whahoo or
Red Elm.) Winged Elm.)
‘* americana, L. (American or «* ~~ suberosa, Mouch.

Wild Elm.)

Cupuliferae.
Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Smamp or Ostrya virginica, Willd. (American
Pin Oak.) Hop Hornbeam. )
** coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Carpinus americana, Michx.
Corylus americana, Walt. (Wild (Hornbeam. )
Hazel-Nut.)
Betulaceae.
Betula alba, L. (White Birch. Betula var. populifolia, Spach.
Salicaceae.
Salix cordata, Muhl. (Heart-leaved Populus tremuloides, Michx. (American
Willow. ) Aspen. )
“© lucida, Muhl. (Shining Willow. ) *¢ grandidentata, Michx. (Large-
** fragilis, L. (Brittle Willow.) toothed Aspen. )
<* alba, L. (White Willow.) ‘* angulata, Ait. (Angled
« Babylonica, Tourn. (Weeping Cottonwood. )
Willow. ) ‘« — monilifera, Ait. (Cottonwood,

Necklace Poplar.)
~ eri i

Notes and News.

The Rev. A. Matthews establishes** the new genus Corylophodes which is ex-
ternally distinguished from Corylophus by the antennz having I1 joints (g in Cory-
lophus) by the small thorax with the posterior angles either obtuse or rectangular
(produced and acute in Corylophus), and by the elytra being much broader than the
thorax. The mouth parts are said to differ strikingly in the two genera but are not
described.

The new genus includes Corylophus marginicollis and truncatus from North
America, two species from the Sandwich Islands and a number of species from Central
America, the old genus Corylophus being restricted to the two European species and
a third from the Atlantic Islands. E. A, SCHWARZ.

* Commenced in Papilio, Vol. IV, p. 155.
** Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, XXII, Dec. 1885, p. 160.

A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous family
Chalcididae.

By L. O. Howarp.

As an endorsement of the plan adopted by the editor of Enromo-
LoGIcA AMERICANA | present the following synopsis of one of the families
of parasitic Hymenoptera which I have been studying in a somewhat de-
sultory manner for the past few years. In it I lay no claim to originalitys
but present it as a simple compilation from Foerster, Thomson, Mayr,
Walker, Halliday, Cameron, Rondani and other writers. I do not con-
fine it to American genera for the obvious reason that the family has been
so little studied in this country, that European genera new in America
will be recognized almost every day by the student. I have followed Dr.
Williston’s synopses in marking with an asterisk all genera which have
not up to this date been found in America north of Mexico. I shall
preface the consideration of each sub-family, where practicable, with a
statement of works of reference. I would remind those who have occa-
sion to use these tables that they will find a tolerably complete list of the
species so far described in North America in Bulletin 5 of the Division
of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and take this occasion
to call attention to the only important omission so far discovered in
this list, namely, the nineteen species of Chalcididze described by l’Abbe
L. Provancher in his ‘‘Petite Faune Entomologique de Canada”, I much
regret having inadvertently omitted these species. I shall carry my synop-
sis in this number only to the twenty sub-families into which the family
is naturally subdivided. ‘The style of arrangement which I have adopted
is used at the suggestion of Mr. Cresson and to enable him to readily in-
corporate this work with his synopsis of the whole order Hymenoptera,
which, I am glad to state, he intends to publish shortly.

Family CHALCIDIDAE ( Westwood).

Tarsi 5-jointed. Anterior tibize armed with a large curved spur, Antennz usually
ReaMive |OMCd «5 5,. nee Renae a2 ak ze +>. eee Section MACROCENTRI.
Tarsi usually 4-, rarely 3-jointed, very rarely heteromerous. Anterior tibiae with a
delicate, short, straight spur. Antenne usually with few joints... .....-
Section MICROCENTRI.

Section MACROCENTRI Thomson.

Posterior femora much swollen.
Fore wings folded. Ovipositor of female curved over dorsum of abdomen........
Subfamily Leucospinae.
Fore: wings not folded. Ovipositor protruding but slightly..................
Subfamily Chalcidinae.
Posterior femora not greatly enlarged.
Thorax strongly developed, much arched and deeply punctate.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 30

—i98—

Stigmal vein not developed. Second abdominal segment inclosing the rest... . - -
Subfamily Eucharinae_
Stigmal vein developed. All abdominal segments plainly seen................
Subfamily Perilampinae.
Thorax not greatly developed.
Collar large. Antennz many-jointed. Parapsidal sutures of mesonotum
complete.
3ody not metallic. Sides of the mesoscutellum almost straight..............
Subfamily Eurytominae.
Body metallic. Sides of the mesoscutellum both curved................
Subfamily Toryminae.
Collar small, frequently not visible in the middle. Antennze usually with few
joints,
Mesosternal pleura not discernible. Middle legs long, saltatorial, with very long
tibial spur.
Marginal vein long. Occipital border of vertex rounded. Antenne 13-
OUNCE lee 2h ate crave ayets/s) SAR RMREES islaierarSee atts eles Subfamily Eupelminae.
Marginal vein usually very short, Antenne usually 11-jointed. Occipital
margin of vertex usually acute. Parapsidal sutures of mesoscutum ob-
literated acne aso): ss eemeaees: + oss + se SUDA ene yntioaes
Mesosternal pleura usually well marked, Middle legs not saltatorial. First
tarsal joint not swollen and incrassate.
Antenne 8-jointed. Parapsidal sutures plain. Middle tibial spur moderately
MOIS 2 Pace aye aay =f tyes = cen cl PE credence acd oo cavele aoe Subfamily Aphelininae.
Antennz 10—13-jointed.
Antenne 10-jointed, inserted just above the mouth, rounded and produced
at apex. Abdomen almost sessile.............. Subfamily Pireninae.
Antennee 12- or 13-jointed,
Antennee 12-jointed, funicle 5-jointed. Pronotum very short, scarcely
visible in the middle. Submarginal vein subangulate, stigmal club
often large. Abdomen almost sessile. Parapsides of mesonotum

GISUINGE | 5. ice os «ees sae os day oral Subfamily Tridyminae.
Antenne 12-jointed. Abdomen distinctly petiolate. Occipital line
complete ac, oes at Sees, 'sie oO isla Subfamily Spalanginae.
Antenne 13-jointed, club 3-jointed, ring joints 2. Occipital line not
complete, Seta c sae Mee ted nrareiciats Subfamily Pteromalinae.

Section MICROCENTRI Thomson.

Antennz many-jointed, funicle 6-jomted. Tarsi of O 5-jointed....... ...........
Subfamily Tetracampinae.
Antenne at the most g-jointed. Tarsi 4- or 3-jointed.
Tarsi 4-jointed.

Pronotum large. Mesoscutellum with four bristles. Submarginal vein not broken.
post-marginal distinct, sub-marginal furnished with many bristles. Posterior
tibize sometimes with two spurs.

Abdomen usually with a distinct petiole. Mesoscutar parapsides very distinct.

Antenne inserted below the middle of the face, simple with ¢,.... Strays

Subfamily Elachistinae.

Abdomen with a transverse, smooth and conspicuous petiole. Mesoscutar
parapsides not defined, or indicated only by very slight grooves.

Posterior coxze very large and strongly compressed. Head semi-globose,
front deeply but sparsely punctate. Antenne of (j' flabellate.......
Subfamily Elasminae.
Posterior coxze normal. Postmarginal and stigmal veins rather long, An-
fepnee Of cf Otten flabellate™. .... .. Gees aanen Subfamily Eulophinae,
Submarginal vein broken, costal cellule narrow, postmarginal and stigmal short,
the postmarginal sometimes wanung. Posterior tibiz with a single spur.
Antenne of -¥' simple.
Submarginal vein with two bristles or it is ornate. Metapleura very small.
Mesoscutellum with two bristles near the middle..................
Subfamily Entedoninae.
Submarginal vein with from 1 to 5 bristles. Metapleura triangular, not small.
Postmarginal vein usually absent. Mesoscutellum with four bristles, all
behind the middle, often with two longitudinal impressed lines. Abdomen.

QS Il Carne ap ren gaia ls earl sin citi als «+ « «th eee Subfamily Tetrastichinae.
Tarsi 3-jomnted. Pubescence of the wings arranged in lines.................-..--
Subfamily Trichogramminae.

ee >

Book Notices.
First Contribution to a knowledge of the Orthoptera of Kansas, by Lawrence
Bruner. Washburn Coll. Biol. Survey of Kansas. 1885, pp. 125—139.

Mr, Bruner gives an annotated list of 88 species, of which four are
new and described here for the first time. The list as such, and the notes
are valuable and interesting; but we are sorry to see the description of
new species. It has gotten to be too much the fashion in the U.S,
among economic Entomologists especially, to describe new species at
random and in all sorts of places—agricultural reports—reports of ex-
periment stations, agricultural and horticultural papers and sometimes
even newspapers. These reports are not known to the great majority of
Entomologists, the publications are usually not noticed, or obtainable in
the ordinary course of trade, and the descriptions there form a positive
hindrance to the advance of the science of Entomology in the less known
orders. We do not mean to criticise Mr. Bruner’s paper especially, but
the evil referred to has already assumed serious dimensions and is grow-
ing. Unless something is done to check it, it will soon be necessary
that the working entomologist subseribe to every agricultural and_horti-
cultural paper and get all the Reports of all kinds of surveys, ex-

plorations &c.
i ee —__§_§_

The balance of the Proceedings of the Ent. Club of the A.A.A.S.
will be published in the next number.

Dr. Horn and Mr, Hy. Edwards have donated to the Bkln, Ent.
Soc, a small lot of good Coleoptera, which will be sold at auction at the
next meeting, Jan. 5, 1886, the proceeds to go to the publication fund.

a

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. December 1, 1885,.-—Fifteen members
present, Mr. Cramer the chair. On motion of Mr. Roberts it was resolved to
purchase for the Society an album or albums in which should be preserved the
portraits of members of the Society and of such other Entomologists 2s would
send their portraits to the Society. Mr. Roberts read a short paper on habits of
Elmis. Ordinarily they are found on sticks in running water or in moss or weeds
in the streams. While digging out a Bembidium in gravel, some little distance
from a stagnant pool, but still near enough for water to percolate easily, he came
upon an Elmis, species not yet determined. He dug further and made a little
pool, stirring continually, and in short time took 30 specimens,

Mr. Weeks read an article ‘‘Concerning Cremastochilus’’* sentin by Dr.
Horn with an added note by Mr. Schwarz. Prof. Mayer exhibited a pupa-nest
of Huchira socialis from the Rio Negro, 8. A.

Mr. Hy. Edwards presented to the Society a box of rare Coleoptera, suggest-
ing that they be sold at auction for the benefit of the Society. After informal
discussion and exhibition of specimens, the meeting adjourned.

Entomological Society of Washington, Dec. 3, 1885. Mr. Otto Lugger
in a humorous speech presented a persimmon walking-stick to -the Society
which had been curiously carved by the larva of Dicecy obscura while in use. A
discussion followed on the breeding habits of Buprestidae.

Mr. J. B. Smith gave Utah Territory as a new locality for Pleocoma Behrens ‘i.
and exhibited a specimen and proceeded to read a paper on the larva of Myce-
tina vitlata. A number of these larve had been found by Messrs Smith and
Schwarz under a login November, feeding upon a mold. Mr. Smith exhibited
careful drawings of the larva and specimens of both larva and adult. A discus-
sion followed upon the lateral appendages of this and similar larve, and their
uses, in which Prof. Riley and Messrs Schwarz, Smith, Osborne, Lugger and
Howard took part.

Prof. Riley made some remarks on the larval habits of Lixus. He had bred
L. macer in 1872 in Missouri from stems of Chenopodium hybridum in which the
larva bored, and from which the beetle issued normally trom a hole at the end
of the burrow. He had recently however trom Mr. F. M. Webster, evidence
that the same species works in the stems of Helianthus in Illinois; but that in-
stead of issuing through a round hole, the stem is cut through from the inside
at the upper end of the burrow and plugged with fibre, the beetle issuing from
the cutend. Liwus parcus makes a gall on Amelanchier in California. He also
spoke of Paediscus obfuscata Riley Mss. as a twig-girdler, issuing from the ori-
fice of amputation, but that the orifice instead of being plugged as with Li. us,
was webbed up with silk.

Mr. Mann spoke of the use of the Dewey decimal system for purposes of in-
dexing as adopted in Psyche. Mr. Howard and Prof. Riley spoke on the lateral
appendages of the larva of Corydalus cornutus and their probable function and
the former mentioned the relation between the heart-beat of this larve and. e
contractions of the groups of branchiz,

Mr. E. A. Schwarz called attention to the food habits of an undeseribed Cal-
andrid beetle allied to Macrancylus which was found by Mr. H. G. Hubbard w
develope in the stems ane roots of Acrostichum aureum in Southern Florida.

L. O. HOWARD, Corr. Secy.

* Published in full, ante p. 187.

VOL.1. BROOKLYN, FEBRUARY, 1886,

NO. 11,

New Species and Varieties of Geometridae.
By Geo. D. Hutsrt.

Some months since I began the study of the Geomelride of N. A.,
having more particularly in view a looking into the systematic arrange-
ment of genera and species. With this object, in addition to my own
collection, I have obtained ‘for my use, wholly or in part as I have de-
sired, the collections of the Lepidopterists in the vicinity of New York,
as well as of many others from other parts of our country. Many of
these are especially rich from the collecting of Messrs. Hy. Edwards,
Morrison and Doll, and variations from normal forms are largely repre-
sented. So far my study has been in the Lynomimw only. My con-
clusions as to genera I will probably not give until the whole family has
been studied. In the material at hand, I have found as they seem to me
the following new species and varieties. The generic references are to
be regarded as provisional. These descriptions may be foliowed by brie
notes on already named species.

1. Oxydia zonulata sp. ndv. Expands 46 mm. Head and antenne pale ochre-
ous, the vertex, anterior edge of hind wings and abdomen shading somewhat lighter,
Wings otherwise a pale yellow ochreous. ‘T.a. line wanting. T.p. line present on
both wings, reflected on fore wings near apex towards costa at an acute angle, and
somewhat curved inwardly in its course across the fore wing; straight on hind wing.
Its color is buff on fore wing, tawny on hind wing. There is a small smoky spot
near anal angle. Beneath very light ochreous, without lines but with two or three
shadings near apex.

The above is close to O. mundata Guen. but lacks the shadings o«

the wings above, the cross line is not extended to the apex, and the fore

——202—

wings are copsiderably more bent downward at apex. 1 (j. Texas.
Coll. Meyer.

2. Ripula virginaria sp. nov. Expands 44 mm. Palpi brown tawny. Thorax,
abdomen and wings pure white. The fore wings have a triangular spot near apex,
black outwardly, reddish and olive otherwise. and another narrow olive spot near anal
angle. On the hind wing is a divided olive band faint anteriorly, wavy on both sides,
inwardly forming with the inclosed wing space a continuous waved white line.
Beneath pure white. Fore and middle legs tawny, hind legs white.

1’. Florida. Coll. Hy. Edwards. Very near to &. mexicaria
Guen. but it differs in design of markings on wings, and in the color of
the legs.

3. Eutrapela anfractata sp. nov. Expands 40mm. Head, thorax, abdomen
and ground color of wings, of an even light pearl gray. Wings with two darkish
lines, the basal sinuous, curved outward, faint and on fore wings only; the outer
slightly waved, straight however in its general direction, reflected near apex at an
angle more obtuse than is usual, and with the reflected part not straight but curved
outwardly to costa. The outer lines are edged with whitish outwardly, and shade
gradually and broadly into the ground color, There is a broad submarginal fawn
shading also. Discal spot distinct. Beneath light even gray, sometimes with an
ochry shade. Lines wanting or outer lines very faintly perceptible.

2 ¢', « 9. Ariz: Coll. Hy. Edwards, Hulst.. Nearest nudila/a
Pack. and caéenuluta Grt. It is quite possible that all are variations of
one species, anfractafa being the Arizona form and ca/enu/a/a the form
having the median space fawn brown, darker than the rest of the wing.

4. Tetracis mellitularia sp. nov. Expands 35 —45 mm.

This is the species described by Packard, Geom. Moths p. 551 and
figured plate XIII, f. 43, and called 7! paralleharia. ‘Vhe description
and figure are of one of the darker specimens. ‘The original description
by Packard of 7! paralleharia, Bost. Pro. Nat. Hist. Vol. XVI, p. 38, is
very brief, simply, ‘‘lighter than Z. 4uxalata. A fresh specimen from
Mr. Behrens is ochreous.” The specimen labelled “type” in the Museum
of Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass., is probably the fresh specimen
referred to, and is the insect figured plate XIII, f. 42. But this is not
the same species with fig. 43 but is another, found commonly in Colorado
and less so in Arizona and California and which varies from reddish
ochreous to light ochreous. To attach the name of Packard to the one
species we have what there is of the original description, the type speci-
men, and the fig. 42, pl. XIII. To attach it to the species I call medft-
tularia we have the description given in Geom. Moths, p. 551, and fig.
43, pl. XIII. The name it seems to me must go with the original de-

scription and the type. 7: paradleharia Pack, as thus determined, was
afterwards named ALurymene excelsa by Mr. Strecker, Report Explor. and
Surv. Dept. of Missouri, Ruffner, 1878, p. 1863; pl.2, f 9 Anda

lighter form, more common in Ariz., was described by Mr Grote, Can.
Ent. Vol. XV, p. 27, and called 7. stmplictarta. Mr. Grote’s 7! ob/en-
fartz (which must be 7’. od/enfata) is close in appearance, but the cross
lines are much wider apart, the antenne of the G! are simple and the
palpi very much less prominent. I have both his types before me for
Eomiparison. 5 ¢', 3.Q. Ariz. Nev., Cal.:, Coll. Hy. Edwards,
Tepper, Hulst.

5. Tetracis cavillaria sp. nov. Expands 41mm. Head, body and wings of
a dull light ochreous fawn color, The outer part of the wings with the color a little
more decided, and over all a faint flesh colored flush. Lines faint, the t.a. nearly
straight, the t.p. nearer median than usual, present on both wings, dull fawn.
Another line beyond, faint, reaching from costa half way across fore wing, Beneath
as above, somewhat lighter. Antennz in (j' rather shorter and pectinations more
lengthy than usual. Fore wings slightly, hind wings very slightly angulated. 1
Aviz.: Coll, Hulst.

6. Tetracis morsicaria sp. nov. Expands 37 mm. Head, thorax and ab-
domen light ochreous, lines dark fawn edged t.a. line inwardly, t.p. line outwardly
with white. Ta. line straight, reaehing twice as far out on costa as on inner margin.
T.p. line oblique, starting from costa just within apex. Hing wings very light ochre-
ous outwardly, nearly white inwardly. Beneath lighter than above, t.p. line alone
indistinetly evident. Margins of fore wings not falcate, but waved, fringes red.

1 Q. Texas. Coll. Hulst. Very like in appearance to Z. paral-
leliaria var. simplwiarta, but the fore wings are much more extended,
both lines, especially the outer, more oblique. The outer margin of the
fore wing is much less falcate and angulated, and the margin itself is
wavy and edged with reddish.

7. Tetracis trianguliferaria Pack. var. notataria var. nov.

This variety differs from the type form in having just within the
posterior angle of the fore wings a dark brown spot, reaching from the
inner border to vein 4. It is undoubtedly a part of a band corresponding
with that of Z’ coloradaria Grt. and Rob., but not connected with the
outer costal spot.

8. Tetracis edwardsata Sp. nov. Expands 35 mm. Head, antenne, thorax
and abdomen cream white. Fore wings a light yellow ochre, crossed with a dark
tawny band which is edged on both sides with white shading into the ground color.
The band is broad at costa embracing one-third of the wing and reaching nearly to
apex, then narrowing runs with nearly parallel sides first outwardly, then inwardly,
and finally widens rapidly to inner margin. ‘The outer margin of the wing is slightly
darker than the ground color, Hind wings very light in color, a little clouded out-
wardly, without band, and very slightly angulated at the middle. Fore wings angu-
lated, and slightly falcate. Beneath very light cinereous, satiny, unicolorous.

1 Q Siskayou Co., Cal.: Coll. of Hy. Edwards in whose honor
it is named.

564

g. Tetracis geniculata sp. nov. Expands 30 mm. Head, thorax and ab-
domen light ochreous. Fore wings of the same color, hind wings lighter. Apex of
fore wings rectangular, Median angle on all wings obtuse. Two lines on fore wings
reddish brown, the inner angulated below costa, edged outwardly with whitish, the
outer reflected near costa at a right angle, continued across hind wings, and edged
outwardly its whole length with whitish. Discal spots minute, black. Beneath
lighter, except on costal half of fore wings, Outer line partly evident on fore wings
only.

ieemieol.: Coll) Hulst :

10. Metanema novellata sp. nov. Expands 36 mm. Wings uniform light
yellow ochreous. Two lines on fore wings, the outer continued on hind wings, buff,
straight, more distinct than usual. The hind wings have a brown hair line, some-
limes very faint, in the submarginal space. Fore wings acute at apex, strongly fal-
cate, median angle rather strong, as also on hind wings. Beneath even glistening
light cinereous, the ordinary lines faint but the brown submarginal hair line present
s. Discal spots, black points above and below.

on all wing

to, 1.9. Coll. Tepper, Neumoegen. The wings of this species
approach in appearance JZe/fanema quercivoraria Guen.

11. Metanema argillaria sp. noy. Expands 34 mm. Head, antennze, thorax
and abdomen light fawn, each sezment of the latter edged with aline of lighter color.
Wings of uniform light fawn, formed by a clay ground color, heavily striated and
powdered with fawn. ‘T.a. line on fore wings brown, fine, sinuous, rounded out-
wardly. ‘T’.p. line brown, edged outwardly with clay white, common to both wings,
and reflected on fore wing near apex to costa. Discal spots on fore wings distinct,
black. The fore wings are falcate without darker color in curve, the median angle
not so projected as in the rest of the genus. Angle of the hind wings dentate,
strong. Beneath, dull light ochreous, striated with fawn. Outer line apparent only
on fore wings, rather broader and more indistinct, fawn colored and roundcd not

angulated to costa.

1 og Arizona. Coll. Neumoegen.

12. Caberodes confusaria yar. mimaria var. nov. Expands 42 mm. Lines
as in confusaria but with basal and outer space tawny, and median space yellow.
Also a row of submarginal clouded spots.

1 9 Georgia. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

13. Caberodes galbanaria Sp. nov. Expands 35 mm. Fore wings a light
yellow ochreous with outer third of both wings of a light pink brown, A faint white
t.p. line passing through this, on both wings from apex of fore wings. Fore wings -
with apex produced, pointed, strongly faleate and angled. Hind wings angulated,
outer edge of wings straight to point of angle, not rounded. Discal spots on all
wings black. Beneath, light pinkish brown, somewhat more pronounced on anterior
two-thirds of fore wings. Discal spot as above.

I © Arizona. Coll. Hulst,

14. Drepanodes effascinaria sp. noy. Expands 42 mm. Head, thorax and
abdomen ochreous. Fore wings pointed at apex, not excavated beneath, but strongly
falcate and angulate. Hind wings rounded. ‘.a. line on fore wings reddish brown,
rounding outwardly, and biangulate externally, T.p. line reddish brown, edged
outwardly with light ochreous reaching from apex in a straight line across both wings.

—205—

Fore wings within t.a. line and both wings beyond t.p. line, reddish brown. The
median space varies from clouded to bright yellow. Submarginal clouded spots
sometimés apparent. Discal spots small, black. Beneath, outer line more faint on
both wings. Color yellowish, with more or less buff, darker beyond t.p. line. Discal
spots as above. :

2 08. C. and Fla.: Coll. Neumoegen and Tepper. «The largest

of our Drepanodes, and allied to D. panamaria Pack. .

15. Drepanodes hortularia sp. nov. Expands 26 mm. Head, antenne,
body and wings ochreous buff with median space somewhat darker. T.a. line pres-
ent on both wings, very nearly median, bending outward, somewhat zig-zag. T.p.
line present on both wings, slight; on fore wings oblique, flexuous, and rounded to
costa near apex. The Q has on hind wings two submarginal rows of small black
spots arranged parallel with outer margin. Beneath, color as above, or a little light-
er, slightly speckled with black. Lines obsolete or outer one indistinct. Rows of

black spots repeated on hind wings of Q.

at © Ne \gand- Bila. Coll. Hulst.

16. Drepanodes perizomaria sp. nov. Expands 36 mm. Plain, uniform,
very even fulvous, with a decided lilaceous tinge. T.p. line only present, white in <,
dark brown edged slightly with white outwardly in Q, oblique reflected at a sharp
angle, very near apex to costa. Djiscal spots minute, black. Fore wing pointed,
falcate in ,j', pointed, strongly falcate and excurvated in QO. Apex of fore wings in
Q black. Beneath more of a buff color with lilaceous tinge lost, speckled with black
dots. Lines indistinct.

1 d'; 2 Q Va. Mon: Ariz.: Coll, Graef, Doll, Hulst. Consider-
ably larger than heretofore named species, though in the ¢‘ somewhat
resembling some forms of D. puberaria, Grt.

17. Azelina hubnerata var. atrocolorata var. nov. A form of hubnerata in
which the basal and median space is smoky black, becoming deep black as it merges
in the deep black t.p. line. Ta. line evident near costa, deep black. Hind wings
on median and basal spaces lighter. Outer space of all wings cinereous, with more
or less of dark striations, giving asmoky appearance. Beneath, smoky cinereous,
tinged with lilac.

7 specimens U.S.: Coll. Tepper, Hill, Neumoegen, Hulst.

18. Azelina australata sp. nov. Expands 40mm. Head, thorax and ab-
domen russet, thorax darker posteriorly, and a dark line on each abdominal segment
above. The wings are crossed by three distinct somewhat heavy black lines; the
first basal, straight; the second submedian, slightly angulated outwardly at middle;
the third extra discal, wavy and with a large sinus outwardly just above middle.
Between the first and second is a slight clouded indistinct line. Between the second
and third are two black hair lines, the inner parallel to the second, the outer parallel
to the third line. Beyond the third, the space is clouded with irregular and broken
dark bands. There is a zig-zag submarginal white line, and at the middle a marginal
whitish rectangular spot. The wings are clay white in the median space, darker
beyond the hair lines, and smoky ochreous beyond, the colors being limited by the
lines. All the wings are rounded, unangulated. The hind wings are brown with a
median black line, the submarginal space dull black, and the margin much lighter

Sali 2 See

ee ek ee nee ae -y yellow at
he a median okt Shen «paral band
e, then a broad black band broken outwardly, then a marginal white band.
TE eect ‘spininbacet. black. The imsect beneath has something of a Catocal
_ appearance.
1 of Fla: Coll. Hy Edwards.
Ig. Azelina tadiosaria sp.nov. Expands 35 mm. Palpi, thorax and ab- —
domen avery light ochre. Vertex white. Amtennz of -{' pectinated for half their
_ length. Fore wings acute at apex, falcate waved on outer margin. Hind wings
with a slight projection at middle of margin. ‘T.a. line present on fore wings, straight,
| white. T.p. line curved, nearly parallel with outer margin, extended faintly across
hind wing. T.a. line outwardly, t-p. line inwardly, on both wings edged with
brown. Color of fore wings light ochre, but within t.p. line having a distinct pink
shading, becoming fainter towards base. Hind wings very light ochreous. Beneath,
lighter and more uniform than above, the outer brown shading being apparent on q
both wings. Discal spots diffuse but distinct.
2d, 1 Q Ariz: Coll. Graef, Doll, Hulst. Nearest to A. zgaliss- i

et : aria, Wik - *

fe

* ot an

20. Endropia bilinearia Pack. var. mollisaria var. nov.
The type form from the East is dark brown, with all wings <a toa

_ dentated. The variety is the form, almost the only form, found west of

vi

,
e

rs

‘hy

the plains, and is of a dull yellow ochreous color, with wings not mearly
so dentate. — eta

21. Endropia bilinearia Pack. var. minoraria var. nov.
A form of a dull yellow ochreous color, very much smaller in the

ordinary type form, with black submarginal spots and cloudings on fore

oan

_ wings, and with al] wings entirely without dentations or angulations, or

, fe
A _ these showing but slightly. a

I can hardly make myself believe this is mot a valid species. It is
uniformly only about one-half to two-thirds the expanse of dilinearia, and =
the wings are altogether differently shaped But the lines are exactly the “fi
same and while not common, intergrades in both size and form are be-
fore me. :

22. Endropia hilumaria sp. nov. Expands 40mm. Of the general appear-
ance of E. warneraria Harv. Thorax, abdomen, base and along costa of fore wings
fawn. ‘.a. line indistinct, hardly reaching amner margin. Median space dark fawn
with a cloud along costa and a light fawn space just beyond reaching along costa to
tp. line. T-p. line reflected near costa at a rounded angle, sinuous with a large inner
band at middle of wing, and another at inner margin, lined outwardly with white.
Space beyond light fawn, with an undulating indistinct submarginal white band
clearest towards apical space, forming therea crescent. Two dark spots in submarginal
space near middle. Wings pointed, falcate. Hind wings fawn to tp. line, light
fawn beyond, outer edge undulating, t.p. line nearly straight. Beneath, ochraceous —

fawn, striated; t.p. lines quite distinct, quite straight on fore wings, apical white
crescent distinct as above.
2 § Colorado. Cull. Graef, Tepper.

23. Endropia occantaria sp. nov. Expands 46 mm. Head, thorax, ab-
domen, and wings ofa light clay fawn color, the median space being somewhat
lighter. A faint lilaceous tinge over the wings a little more apparent beyond t.p.
line. Fine scattered striations of dark fawn over the wings. A blurred submarginal
clouding, obsolete near middle. A whitish apical spot. Lines fine, reddish, some-
what rounded, Wings broader than usual, dentate at the end of each vein. Beneath,
color a little hghter. Striations and t.p. lines more pronounced. Some orange ochre-
ous shadings present.

2 Q Nev.: Coll. Graef, Tepper. Appearently nearest 2. dceneara,
Pack., of which it may be a distant variety.

24. Endropia decoloraria sp. nov. Expands 28 mm. Head, body and ground
color of wings fawn brown, with a faint lilaceous shade. Wings witha dark brown
extra median band. This band is strongly sinuous, having especially a large sinus
outward, just beyond discal space. Within this band some coarse ochreous striations
forming somewhat of a band, also anarrow indistinct submarginal band of the same
color formed in the same way. Fore wings nearly rectangular at apex with dark
brown edge beneath apex, outer margin sinuous, not dentate nor angulate, swollen
out at middle and somewhat bent inwardly close to outer angle, where there is a
small spot of dark brown. Hind wings obtusely dentate with large double tooth near
middle, and another single tooth near outer angle. with a deep sinus between.
Beneath as above, without the darker bands and spots.

2 Coll. Graef and Tepper. No locality with either specimen.

This is nearest the insect represented by Dr. Packard asa var,
of End. armataria H, Sch. (Geom. Moths, p. 511, Plate XII, f. 20.)
Dr. Packard speaks of the wings being the same as in armazaria though
not so represented in the figure, and there they are not so diverse as in
decoloraria. It differs from arma/aria in the entire difference of color of
wings and shape of bands above and below, has no suggestion of the very
marked and brilliant appearance of ermataria below, and there is an en-
tire difference in the shape of both wings.

25. Endropia lentaria sp. nov. Expands 32 mm. Palpi dark drab, Antennze
and abdomen drab. Thorax and wings to t-p. line reddish ochreous. Beyond, the
color varies from cinereous to dark brown. ‘T.p. line on both wings, nearly straight
on front wings reaching costa considerably within apex, reddish brown, edged out-
wardly with a narrow white line. . Fringes dark brown. T.a. line faintly evident on
fore wings. Discal spots distinct, annulate on fore wings, faint on hind wings.
Beneath a dull reddish brown irrorrated with dark brown, much darker beyond t.p.
line. The lines are faintly evident, discal spots distinct. All wings rounded without
angles or dentations.

4 of Fla.: Coll. Neumoegen, Doll, Hulst.

26. Endropia manubiaria sp. nov. Expands 44mm. Very much as in £
serrataria Dru., but with a single angle to each wing with the space beyond the t.p.

200.

line either as light as median space or slightly darker; with no inner line to hind wings
and with a looped hair line outwardly from t.p. line. Beneath, as above, but with

lines somewhat more distinct.

2 3, 1 QP Colorado. Coll. Tepper, Hulst.

27. Ellopia somniaria sp. nov. Expands 44 mm.

This is a form from N, W, U. S and Brit, Columbia which Packard
(Geom. Moths p. 494) does not separate from £. fervidaria. On com-
paring 28 specimens of fervidaria with 10 of sommiaria I find no inter-
grading. and I see no reason why somniaria should not be considered a
good species. It is larger, somewhat more yellowish, the dark speckles
larger and more evenly distributed; the cross lines are broader and more
distinct, the outer ones broadly edged outwardly and the inner ones in-
wardly with orange.

8 oi, 2 Q Or. W. T.,«Van, 1: Coll. Graef,’ Tepper, Neumoegen,
Hulst.

28. Eurymene arrogaria sp. noy. Expands 34 mm. Very much like #.
fervidaria H, S. and E. phlogosaria Guen., but without striations or cross lines. The
outer cross line is faintly suggested by the outer shadings, but so far as suggested is
not straight, but rounded outwardly. Basal and median space ochreous fawn, outer
space fawn with brown cloud at inner angle. Hind wings ochreous yellow, with
dark brown or black cloud at anal angle, this in part being the beginning of the t.p.
line. Discal spots prominent on fore wings. Beneath, orange yellow on costal half
of fore wing from base to outer third, light yellow on posterigr half. Outwardly
orange to turn of wing on outer margin. ‘The space at inner angle, the outer third
of hind wings, and all fringes vary from flesh color to lilaceous. Basal and median
portions of hind wings orange yellow, striated with orange. Discal spot on fore wings
somewhat blurred.

34,2 2 Eastern Statesy’ Coll.” Graef, Tepper, Neumecgen:
Hulst.

29. Rumia ochrearia var. unicoloraria var. nov.

Differs from the type form in being of a clear bright yellow, without
any markings whatever.

30. Angerona crocataria Fab. var. caelaria var. nov.

This variety differs from the type form in having the brown spots
and markings quite obsolete and having the spots near outer angle of a
pale white, faintly edged with brown.

'
a be

ame Os

Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S.

(Continued from page 123 ante.)

Aug. 27th. The Club met pursuant to adjournment, at 7 P.M.
Prof. Lintner in the chair, 12 persons present. The minutes of the
previous meeting were read and adopted: Continuing the discussion of
the previous meeting, Prof. J. A. Cook stated that the grass-hoppers (C.
Jemur-rubrum) had been very destructive in Michigan, Many fields of
oats had been nearly destroved. The heads had not been eaten off as
stated by Prof. Osborn to be the case in Iowa, but the separate berries
or grains had been cut off, and often covered the ground. Meadows
and pastures had also suffered greatly. These insects seemed worst
where the season had been characterized by a drouth. Several years
ago a similar devastation occured in this State, but was serious only for
a single year, The Army Worm, £, wnipuncta Haw., had been seriously —
destructive in the south-western portion of the State, where it also did
serious damage three years ago. Neither of these visitations could be ac-
counted for on the explanation given years ago by Fitch, as the wet and
dry years of the first raid were the reverse of Fitch’s rule, while this
year and last had both been very dry in this region. The “Black Army
Worm” Agrotis fennica was very abundant and destructive last year about
Bay City and up the Saginaw River as far as Saginaw City. The num-
bers were fairly prodigious; bushels could be gathered in a few minutes.
Hundreds could be crushed by a single foot-fall. Gardens and meadows
were totally stripped of every green thing. This year the region devastat-
ed last year had wholly escaped damage, though a similar attack had
been suffered farther up the Huron Shore. Other cut-worms had been
unusually abundant and destructive in the State the past year. Azthono-
mus musculus Say, had done much damage to strawberries in the North-
ern Peniusula last year and the year before. ‘This year it had done little
harm. Byturus unicolor Say, for the first time had done much damage
to raspberries in Michigan this season. ‘These insects were much more
gray than the description of Say, or specimens in the College Cabinet
previously collected would indicate. ‘They are easily destroyed by the use
of Paris Green. Prof. Cook also referred to a species of Noctuid Moth, the
larva of which was doing much damage by eating the wheat in the bin.
‘This insect had done much damage both last year and this. He had
been unable to rear the insect.

Prof. Osborn says that the habits of the grass-hoppers in lowa were
as Prof. Cook describes them. He said they ate off the heads of the
oats; it would have been more correct to say that usually they ate the
separate kernels.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 32

——2 (O—-

Prof. Rilev asks Prof. Cook to state more particulars about this
larva which injures stored grains,

Prof. Cook says they came with the samples of injured grain, looked
like a Noctuid, and were } of an inch long. ‘They ate the kernel, as the
samples plainly showed, but how they did it he could not tell, though
he had tried his best to bring them to maturity.

Prof, Riley does not see how aNoctuid larva could damage stored
grain, It is so contrary to the ordinary habits of the species that he can-
not understand it. A. /ennica has taken on much more of the army
worm habit than messovia, but this may be because onions are planted
in rows rather widely apart, and it would be impossible for such large
numbers to subsist there for even a short time. In reference to injury
done to grain in bins, a species of Aphestia had probably done a great
part of it. ;

He also said that he had this year succeeded in raising in consider-
able numbers the pear Cecidomyid which Prof. Cook had mentioned in
one of his recent reports. He speaks of this insect to illustrate the great
difficulty there is in determinations in this genus. He could not find
that it differed in any respect from the descriptions of Cectdomyia pyri of
{urope but to make sure he sent a series to that country and Mr. ‘Trans-
leeve could not find any differences from the description, but the de-
scriptions were so poor, and there were no existent types, so that there
could be no certainty. Prof. Mig suggests describing it as a new
species with good figures and then there could at least be no doubt as to
what was intended. ‘This however was rather a violent remedy, and if
venerally applied would necessitate a great many redescriptions.

Mr. Smith states, in reference to the abundance of Ag. messorta
larva that onion rows are about 18 inches apart, and in 1 ft. square be-
tween the rows he picked up between 40 and 50 larva just under the sur-
face of the soil.

Prof. Lintner says there seems to be a general belief, and older
authors have stated, that Noctuid larva are very difficult to raise. He
has during the past year raised Agrofs saucia without any difficulty on
plantain,

Prof. Riley says saucra is very easily raised and stands any amount
of bad treatment—of messoria on the contrary of which hundreds of larvae
were sent to the Department, very few reached maturity. ‘lhis difference
often oceurs—Pedisca scuddertana, or more properly P. sadigna Clem. is
very easily raised. Another species of the same genus, Miss Murtfeld,
Prof. Kellicott and he himself had tried their best to bring to maturity,
for 4 or 5 years, but with very little success.

Prof. Westcott says that he has had the same experience with these

species feeding on solidago.

== be

Mr. Osborn gave a note on the habitat of a Chyroncmus: he said his
attention had been called by Dr. B. D. Halstead to certain larvae living
in the water contained in the cups surrounding the stem of S7/phium
perfohatum.

The principal form thus found is a species of Chironomide, nearly
transparent and colorless and closely resembling the. figures of Chirono-
mus oceanicus Packard. ‘The larvee were quite abundant in a large share
of the cups examined, as many as forty and fifty occuring in a single cup.
A number were placed ina glass of water and their transformations
watched» Before pupating the larvee usually came to rest at the surface
ofthe water against the glass, enclosing themselves in a gelatinous mass.
Length of pupation appeared to be about two days though not constant
in different individuals,

Before emergence of the imago the pupa assumes a bright silvery ap-
pearance from the separation of the outer membrane. ‘The final process
of emergence is passed through very rapidly, the imago resting for an in-
stant on the surface of the water, and assuming very rapidly the full
size. The cups must become dry occasionally and it would be interest-
ing to know the tme required for the entire development of the species.

Prof. Riley says that most of Prof. Osborn’s notes would apply to
most of the species; but the developing in the cups Swphium perfoliatum
is very Curious, and interesting,

Prof. Cook then gave some notes on the functions of the secretion
of Bark lice, Leucanium he, Fitch.

These lice attack many species of our forest and fruit trees. Though
the scales on different trees vary considerably in size and form, and were
similarly peculiar on each species of tree, vet they were doubtless of the
same species of insect, Larvae lice from the Linden where they were
largest, transferred to butternut where they were smallest and very con-
vex, developed into the peculiar type of the latter tree. These lice se-
creted much bitter unwholesome nectar, which attracted the bees. Karly
in the spring, it was observed that the Baltimore Oriole and our two
most common Sparrows were feeding extensively on the lice. ‘The birds
would take a limb and almost strip it of the lice. When the bees and
wasps commenced to swarm in the trees in quest of the nectar, the birds
all left this feeding ground. Soon the flowers lured the bees to more
mviting fields, when the birds again commenced to feed on the rapidly
growing scales. ‘The nectar secretion seems surely to serve the insects
that secrete it as it attracts the bees, which frighten away the birds.

» Prof, Riley says this feeding of birds upon the Bark Lice is interest-
ing and novel, and has never been observed before,

Prof. Lintner says this theory of the secretion attracting bees, to
keep off the birds was new to him.

20 2i——

Prof. Cook remarks that the secretion of the Aphids gives excellent
honey. He has tasted it from those on elm and poplar, and it is delici-
ous. ‘That from the bark lice is horrible, and last year when the bees,
during the abundance of these lice gathered so much of it, tons of honey
were spoiled and had to be sold for manufacturing and commercial
purposes.

Dr. Cook also made some remarks on ‘“The Choke Cherry Tortri-
cid Moth Cocewcia cerastvorana Fitch.”

The larva of this insect which had been very common in M4chigan
this summer, spun an immense quantity of Silk, much like the tent of
the tent Catipillar C. americana, Harr., though it not only lived but fed
in the tent, obtaining fresh food by drawing twigs and branches into its
web. In some cases shrubs two inches in diameter and ten feet high
had been deflected several inches from the usual vertical position by this
strong net. Prof. Cook had taken bushes to his Laboratory, and found
that these large bushes were drawn to the wall of the room several inch-
es distant. It was asked how such small insects could exert such force,
except that the fibers of the web contracted. Prof, Lintner thought the
force came from the numerous and repeated attachments to the threads.
Each time drawing the object a little nearer.

Prof. Riley agrees with Prof. Lintner; the thread is so strong, so
often crossed and doubled, and, always a little stretched, that very grad-
ually and almost imperceptibly these results are obtained.

Prof. Riley then described a very peculiar Tineid cocoon obtained
from a larva on apple. ‘The larva spins three stout threads, fastened to
as many distinct points, and converging toa common centre and at_ this
point it spins a loose mesh-like cocoon in which it pupates. The cocoon
swings free, and is supported anteriorly by two and posteriorly by one of
these threads. He asks whether any similar structure had been noticed.

Prof. Westcott says that on two evenings the past season Lachnoster-
na futilis came to light in immense numbers. His son and _ himself at
his street lamp gathered 780 of the insects, Usually fusca is the com-
mon species there, but of those taken this season less than 3 per cent
were fusca and the balance /ufidis. In the face of the severe weather they
had last winter this was somewhat remarkable.

On motion of Prof. Riley the club adjourned until Aug. 28.
August 28. ‘The club met pursuant to adjournment at 7 P. M.
Prof. J. A. Lintner in the chair, 12 members present

On motion of Prof. Kellicott, seconded by Prof. Riley, Mr. Smith
was appointeda committee to provide a distinctive badge for members of

the Club, to be used at the next meeting; the badge to be of a deep blue
color, and the words ‘‘Entomological Club” to be in some way printed
thereon.

On motion of Prof. C. V. Riley, the secretary was authorized to
print the minutes of the present meeting of the Club, in ‘‘Entomologica
Americana.”

Prof. Osborn moved that hereafter the club shall not meet prior to
the first day of the meeting of the Association—after some discussion, the
motion not being seconded was lost.

Prof. Riley moved that a committee of three be appointed to ar-
range a programme for the next mecting, and that the chair and the sec-
retary be members of that committee. Carried; and the chair appointed
Prof. Riley as the 3d member of the committee.

Prof. Osborn gave a few ‘‘Random notes on Mallophaga.”

The secretary read the following letter from Mr. W. H. Edwards to

Prof j..A. Lintner.
* “I wish you to mention at the meeting of the Entomological Club,
that whereas it was stated at the meeting one year ago, by Mr. E. M,
Aaron, that in Tennessee, he had found Papilio ajax larvee on spice-wood
and sassafras, *I have experimented this season on these larvae, and in
every case the larvae of Ayax, on either spice-wood or sassafras, refused
the food, and died of starvation. I tried several larva just out of egg,
before they had tasted pawpaw; also larvee just past 4th molt, before they
had eaten (after the molt); and I tried half grown larve, and in every
case, the result was the same. I do not say that Mr. Aaron was mistaken,
but I say West Virginia larve refuse these two plants,

You may say, if you like, that I have this season, bred Cvonympha
galactinus larva: from egg to imago and the result was the form califor-
nica; therefore the species is seasonably dimorphic:—that I have bred
Ceonympha imornaia, from Vancouver Island, from egg to imago, and
got the same type butterfly:—that I have bred Cvonympha ochracea to
last molt, but not to Chrysalis:—that I have bred Satyrus charon, egg
to imago; and have larve of Oefus hibernating:—that I have bred
Argynnis halcyone from egg to imago, and whereas the butterflies are
near to Argynnis alcestis, the larvee are almost as different as A. /dala
larvee from either alcestis or aphrodite, And you may say that I should be
greatly obliged for eggs from butterflies, especially of species which are
not likely to be found in West Virginia.”

Mr, E. A. Schwarz exhibited specimens of Cosmosoma omphale from

* Mr. Aaron said Upland huckleberry—not sassafras, See Brooklyn Bull. VII,
p. 91.—Ep.

—214—

Florida, and called attention to a peculiar character of the male, observ-
ed by Mr. Hubbard. ‘here is at base of the abdomen a deep cavity,
normally closed by a flat plate, filled with white, cottony hair, so closely
packed, that when the covering plate was forcibly opened, the downy
hair burst out in quantity sufficient to fill a small pill box. No living
specimen had ever been observed with this cavity open, and in dried
specimens the structure is easily overlooked, though in each case visible
when closely examined.

Prof. Riley asks whether all specimens show this character, and
whether it never occurred in the Q. Mr. Schwarz says it occurs in all
So seen, and in no Q.

Mr. Smith said he had examined the structure so far as dry speci-
mens would allow, and finds that there is a cavity, evidently a structural
feature, and not the result of disease. No character of this nature had
been previously observed, but he would study the structure carefully.

The possibility of this substance being of a fungoid nature was dis-
cussed by Messrs Riley, Westcott, Schwarz and Smith. Mr. Schwarz
states that Mr. Ashmead claims to have found the larva of this species
boring in the Japanese plum, but the insect occurs also in considerable
numbers where there is no Japanese plum, and _ there is probably also
some other food plant. He says also that a very common species of L1-
granthoecia®* shows a somewhat analogous structure in the shape of a

long chitinous pedicil at the base of the abdomen, having a long brush of

hair at the tip. The pedicil is fitted into a groove at the side of the ab-
domen, and the brush of hair is folded over the back, and is not visible
in the dry insect.

Mr. Smith says in his studies on the //e/iofhine he noticed nothing
of the kind, though such a structure as Mr. Schwarz describes might easi-
ly have escaped him.

Prof. Riley thinks he has noticed the character last mentioned by
Mr. Schwarz, in probably the same species. It is strange what elastic
properties some of the organs of the Lepidoptera, have, The peculiar
organs in Spilosoma acraea and other species were cited as examples, and
he says he has drawings of somewhat similar organs in Aleta aylina
which have not yet been described.

Prof. Peabody has witnessed something similar in the living Phakel-
lura nitidalis,
Prof. Riley has also observed that character in the latter species.

(To be continued. )

* Afterward seen by me-—it is Schinia (Lygranthoecia) marginata Haw. Ed.

—215-—

A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous Family
Chalcididae.
By L. O. Howarp,
(Continued from p. 197.*)
Subfamily LEUCOSPIDINAE.

This subfamily consists of the single genus Lewcospes, Fab. for which
the characters given in the subfamily synopsis will be sufficient.
Subfamily CHALCIDINAE.

Abdomen with along petiole. Postmarginal vein long. Posterior tibiae not spurred,

produced at tip into a spine.
Ovipositor not exserted.
Thorax immaculate. Middle tibize not spurred at apex..*Genus Smicra Spinola.
Thorax maculate. Middle tibize with spurs .... Genus Spilochalcis Thomson.
Ovipositor exserted, longer than the whole body ...... Genus Podagrion Spinola.
-\bdomen almost sessile. Middle tibize spurred.
Antenne inserted in the middle of the face.

MGomen much produced sss .2.--5 ses... = *Genus Phasgonophora Sichel.
Abdomen sub-globose..... 5 SCO eR 9.0.0 + S.4 ere Genus Chalcis Fabr.
Antennz inserted near or not far from mouth.
Ovipositor exserted, as long as abdomen... .*Genus Acanthochalcis Cameron.
Ovipositor short, usually hidden. Posterior tibiae two-spurred. Hind femora
TORU meee c nents yeRAE oT oefov< eye | oreiskeeer atone Genus Halticella Spinola.
Ovipositor short. Hind femora with a single large tooth........ eae pee

Genus Notaspis Walker.

Nore.—lIn this subfamily I have followed Cameron, the latest au-

thor, in retaining Phasgonophora which Andre would combine with Ha/-
ticella, but have added Thomson's Sfiochalcrs with a view of accepting anv
good separation of the unwieldy old genus Smra. All the species of
the old genus, however, which I have seen from this country belong to

the new division.
Subfamily TORY MINAE.
Ovipositor exserted.,
Antenne with two ring-joints, the flagellum thence 8-jointed....................
*Genus Lochites Foerster.
Antenne with one ring-joint, flagellum thence 8-jointed.
Stigmal vein with a very large knob. Abdomen of male much narrowed at
asee se A pace, IRE ay Ss ts a tysvas Genus Megastigmus Dalman.
Stigmal vein with no such knob, or with a small knob. Male abdomen not
narrowed.

* In the synopsis of the subfamilies on p. 197 I inadvertently inserted, opposite
the subfamily Chalcidinze, the character ‘‘ovipositor protruding but slightly’’, which
should be changed to ‘‘ovipositor not curved over dorsum of abdomen’, in contra-
distinction to the Leucospidine, The character as it stood is wrong, as in the recent-
ly described genus Acanthochalcis, the ovipositor is normally exserted to a con-
siderable length, and in Podagrion, formerly placed with the Toryminz, but now
more properly included among the Chalcidina, the same character is found.

—216—

Hind femora beneath smooth, with a single tooth at some distance from
the knee.
Scutellum with a cross furrow behind the middle.
Hind border of first abdominal segment straight in both sexes......
Genus Monodontomerus Westwoonl
Hind border of first abdominal segment incised in the middle with the

female, straight vor ‘incised twith the* males. 2.2 2 cree
*Genus Diomorus Walker.
Scutellum without a cross furrow............... *Genus Holaspis Mayr.

Hind femora below finely dentate and usually with a single larger tooth at
some distance from the knee.
Hind border of first abdominal segment not incised; tooth of hind femora

often wanting..... eats". fc eae Reaaeteeheye *Genus Oligosthenus Foerster.
Hind border of first Sioisinel segment acutely incised with female;
straight with male; femoral tooth always present................ OF

*Genus Cryptopristus Foerster.
Hind femora below not finely dentate and with no larger tooth.
Scutellum with a clear sharp cross-furrow. Hind border of the first ab-
dominal segment of the male entire or incised.......... ..........
Genus Syntomaspis Foersier.
Scutellum without trace of a cross-furrow. Hind border of first abdominal
Seoment Ob malenineisedert-peisit.)- erst Genus Torymus Dalman.
Ovipositor not exserted..... i cla apeyve sce (ot SReeee siesh aot ore fa Genus Ormyrus Westwood.

Subfamily EUPELMINAE.
Keyes hairy.
Second abdominal segment short, not incised. .*Genus Brasema Cameron.
Second abdominal segment as long as all fe nee together, deeply incised at
ER mari Ret terete Sia ae Brey (oc oles onset iet= *Genus Lutnes Cameron,
Second abdominal segment very eee, ais itly rounded at tip........ fe ofe eee aeae
*Genus Aseirba Cameron,
Eyes not hairy.
Hind tibize and first tarsal joint compressed, broad...... Genus Halidea Foerster:
Hind tibize and first tarsal joint neither compressed nor broad.
Front below the antennal grooves indented, The middle ocellus in the antennal

groove.
Middle tibiae very long.
Antennee arise near the border of the mouth. ....*Genus Stenocera Walker.
Antennee arise far above the mouth-border....*Genus Polymoria Foerster.
Middle tibize not very long..... RE eiisioiiKs *Genus Ratzeburgia Foerster.

Front not indented below the antennal grooves, Middle ocellus not situate in
groove.
Scutellum with a broad base against mesoscutum....*Genus Calosoter Walker.
Scutellum with a narrow base.

First tarsal joint of middle legs with strong spines beneath. ...............
Genus Eupelmus Dalmann.
First tarsal joint of middle legs with no strong spines beneath....... a oer

*Genus Charitopus Foerster
Subfamily ENCYRTINAE.
FEMALES.

Binley A VOUNUE Ma rin. ele/eh ore exe ots eRtraa ol atime tater rete *Genus Cercobelus \Walker.

Funicle 5-jointed ....-. 0... se eee e eee eee ee ete eee Genus Rhopus Foerster.

Funicle 6-jointed.*
Head with a sharp angle between face and vertex ....*Genus Habrolepis Foerster.

Face not angled.
Scape, funicle and club broadly flattened.
Wings developed and colored with brown.........-++..+s+erese eee ees
*Genus Cerapterocerus Westwood.
Wings almost always rudimentary; when developed, are hyaline.
Head narrow, facial impression not extending up between the eyes. bu
*Genus Anusia Foerster.
Head thick, facial impression extending between the eyes......-.....+....
*Genus Mira Schellenberg.
Scape, funicle and club not at all flattened.
Scutellum at base with two deep impressions, wings rudimentary. . ;
*Genus Ectroma Westaoodl
Scutellum without grooves. i
Scutellum crescent-shaped. Wings rudimentary......-...--.--..-4.,
*Genus Baeocharis Mayr.
Scutellum three-cornered, with rounded or not roundcd tip.
Scutellum with a large bunch of hair at tp.
Pedicel shorter than first funicle joint. Mesonotum without silver-
white hairs. Marginal vein shorter than sugmal ....... susie ote
Genus Comys Foerster.
Pedicel longer than first funicle joint. Mesonotum with silver-white
hairs. Marginal vein at least as long as stigmal...............
Genus Chiloneurus Westwood.
Scutellum without a large bunch of hair.
Head with very large thimble-like punctures.
Wings clear; marginal vein wanting or very Short ...............
Genus Bothriothorax Ratzeburg.

Wings entirely or somewhat fuscous; marginal vein never very
Genus Phaenodiscus Foerster.

Head not with very large punctures. Antennal club obliquely

truncate.
Facial groove very pronounced....Genus Copidosoma Ratzeburg.
HacilperapwersWo Ite vet). «seat Genus Homalotylus Mayr.

Antennal club not oblique truncate.
Wings rudimentary, or if developed the scutellum is flat or its tip
is light colored.

Scape strongly broadened below... .

Scape not broadened below.
First funicle joint only as long as thick, the scape reaching

only to the upper border of the faciai impression .......

*Genus Choreia W estwaatl

Genus Dinocarsis Foersser.

First funicie joint longer than thick, the scape reaching be-
yond the facial impression....*Genus Erycidnus Walker.
Wings developed. The scutellum arched and with smooth tip.

* Except with Holcothorax testaceipes in which the body is not flat, isdark color-

ed, not smooth, and the wings with short cilia.
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 33

t

—218—

Mesonotum lusterless.
Mesonotum with fine. sharp, longitudinal striz. Body short.
Scape very slightly broadened, if at all; funicle 5- or 6-
jOMnted ae <2 eee tte *Genus Holcothorax Mayr.
Mesonotum with thick, sharp and fine thimble-like punctures.
Funicle 6-jointed.
Funicle joints thicker than long. Marginal vein wanting....-
Genus Aphycus Mayr.
First five funicle joints longer than thick. Marginal vein
present, although short.... .Genus Blastothrix Mayr.
Mesonotum more or less lustrous,
Fore wings not ciliate. Antennze very long and thin; 6th
funicle joint shortest, but five times as long as wide..
Genus Psilophrys Mayr.
Fore wings ciliate. Last funicle joint not so long.
Marginal vein one-half as long again as stigmal. Scapulie
meet in a short carina. Antennee longer than body... .
Genus Leptomastix Foerster.
Marginal vein much shorter. Scapula make no median

carina.
Antenne very thin; pedicel three times as long as thick:
club almost as thin as the funicle joints... ... Be

*Genus Liothorax Mayes
Antenne thicker; pedicel shorter; club stouter than

fina Clee ieee, «72 et steyee ...Genus Encyrtus Dalman.
MALES.
Funicle with only two short joints. The club unusually long, cylindrical...........

: *Genus Habrolepis Foerster.
Funicle 6-jointed.

Mesonotum before tegulae with a deep impression. Second and fifth funicle joint
3-cornered when seen from the side............. *Genus Prionomitus Mayr.

Mesonotum with no impression. Funicle joints not triangular.

Funicle joints each with two half whorls of long hairs.
Matginal vein longer than stigmal.

Mesonotum with close flat silver-white hairs, scutellum usually with a bunch
of upright spiny hairs at tip ......... Genus Chiloneurus Westwood.
Mesonotum with brownish-yellow hairs, scutellum with no erect bunch of

hairs.
Marginal vein shorter than stigmal....... *Genus Cerapterocerus Westwood.
Head and upper side of thorax thickly covered with very large round punct-
TUES isles fete cie/ak< ote cust avarete be led ...-Genus Bothriothorax Ratzeburg.

Head and thorax not so sculptured.
Wings with long cilia. Head and thorax very finely shaggreened and
lustrous. Body small and flat............ Genus Rhopus Foerster.
Wings with short cilia. Body finely punctate, lusterless......... aeNateie ee
Genus Blastothrix Mayr.
Kunicle joints equally clothed with long or short hairs; no half whorls,
Scutellum before its tip with a bunch of erect, black hairs....... na iter toe
Genus Comys Rootes
Scutellum with no bunch of hairs.
Funicle strongly compressed.

——219—

Scape quite strongly broadened below; scutellum flat; w ngs rudimentary
Beye resis RP ec ty et ee AEE ONS NE 0 20 SRE RT *Genus Dinocarsis Foersier,
Scape not compressed; scutellum strongly transversely arched; wings deve-
PSEC Serie eicters onale € 56 soa tare *Genus Prionomastix Mayr.
Funicle not or but slightly compressed.
Head and mesonotum with thick and sharp round punctures; marginal
vein wanting or very short. ......; Genus Copidosoma Ratzeburg.
Head and mesonotum not so sculptured.
Mesonotum lusterless, no sculpture perceptible with a low power.
Middle of face transversely strongly arched. Mesonotum under a
high power with close longitudinal line or impressions. Pedicel
shorter than first funicle joint.......*Genus Holcothorax Mayr.
Face delicately arched. Pedicel longer than first funicle joint.......
Genus Aphycus Mayr.
Mesonotum moderately or strongly lustrous and usually with easily
perceptible sculpture.
Marginal vein evidently longer than the sugmal..................
*Genus Ericydnus Walker,
Marginal vein usually shorter than stigmal, seidom as long, or the
wings are rudimentary.
Wings rudimentary.
Scutellum large, very flat, reaching behind to the base of the
first abdominal segment.......*Genus Choreia Westwood.
Scutellum small, arched, not reaching to abdomen.............
*Genus Baeocharis Mayr.
! Wings developed.
Head covered with large shallow impressions, over these thickly
and finely punctured .....*Genus Phaenodiscus Foerster.
Head not much punctured, usually with only a few scattered im-
pressions near the eyes.
Head lengthened below eyes, trapezoidal when seen from be-

fOLe SIME ee... ioe ..- Genus Psilophrys Mayr.
Head not lengthened below eyes, round or oval when seen
ijNORNT! |DLSONE, Gg SO SEIBICH ob oialo c Genus Encyrtus Daiman.

Subfamily APHELININAE.
Pore wings with a hairless line, extending from stigma transversely towards base of
wing; antennze apparently 6-jointed. .

Fore wings dusky on basal half and furnished with cilia towards tlp..............
*Genus Plastocharis Foerster.

lore wings net dusky and not with especially long cilia,
Three antennal joints before club of equal length..... *Genus Mesidia Foerster.
‘Three antennal joints before club of unequal length.

Ovipositor exserted to more than one-third the length of abdomen............
Genus Centrodora Foerster,

Ovipositor not at all or but slightly exserted ...Genus Aphelinus Westwood.

Fore wings with no hairless line; antennz plainly 8-jointed.
Antennal club only 2-jointed; hind border of hind wings with very long cilia... ...
*Genus Encarsia Foerster.

Antennal club 3-jointed; hind border of hind wings with no very long cilia.......
Genus Coccophagus Westwood.

(To be continued.)

-—2 z20—

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological. Society. January 5, 1885. — Twenty persons
present, the president in the chair. The officers of the preceding year read their
reports, which were accepted, and the following officers were elected for the en-
suing year. President: Rev. Geo, D. Hulst; Vice-Pres.: Chas. W. Leng; Corr.
Secy.: John B. Smith; Rec. Secy.: A. C. Weeks; Treasurer: C. H. Roberts;
Curator: Chas. W. Leng; Librarian: Geo. D. Hulst. Members of the Executive
Committee: Geo. D. Hulst, B. Nenmoegen, J. B. Smith, E. L. Graef, C. W. Leng,
Geo. Gade. Publication Committee: J. B. Smith, Hy. Edwards, Geo. D. Hulst,
G. W. J. Angell, E. L. Graef. Messrs. J. Hess, C. Pfeil, and W. Schenck were
dropped from the rolls of the Society for non-payment of dues. The proposition
of the ‘‘Prairie Farmer” for an exchange of publications was accepted.

Mr. Smith explained briefly how, where, when and what to sift, and deserib-
ed the outfit required. Messrs. Graef, Hulst, Mayer, Cramer and Pearsall dis-
cussed the question of how Limacodes are best brought to maturity. Mr, Pear-
sall reports good success in forcing them to maturity by keeping in a warm
moist temperature—a number of species are daily emerging from pupa formed
the past fall. Informal discussion closed the meeting.

Entomological Society of Washington, Jan. 6, 1886. Prof. H. Osborn
was elected a member of the Society. The election of officers for 1886 took
place. Prof. C. V. Riley was elected president, but declined to serve as he bad
already served two terms. A second ballot resulted as follows: President: L. O.
Howard; 1st Vice-Pres.: Dr. J. G. Morris; 2nd Vice-Pres.: Dr. Geo. Marx; Rec.
Secy.: E. A. Schwarz; Corr. Secy.: J. B. Smith; Treasurer: B. P. Mann. . Ex-
ecutive Committee: Dr. C. V. Riley, O. Lugger and Theo. Pergande.

Prof. Osborn read a paper on certain Hemiptera which were unusually
abundant in Iowa in the fall of 1885 giving with each species the food-plant or
place of occurrence. Among the species mentioned are the following: Caryno-
coris distinetus, Alydus eurinus, Neides spinosus, Anthocoris insidiosus, Phylus
angulatus, Blissus leucopterus, Calocoris rapidus, Lygus lineolaris, Phymata erosa,
Acholla multispinosa, Cicada tibicen, Ceresa bubalus, Publilia concava, Brochymena
arborea and B. annulata.

Mr. Lugger read a paper on the life-habits of Mesites subeylindricus and
Platypus flavicornis, as observed by him on the beach of the Chesapeake Bay,
Eastern Shore of Maryland. The former species was found to live in great num-
bers in old roots of Pinus australis which are covered twice each day by the high
tide. The beetles infest the roots in large numbers and honeycomb them with
large and irregular burrows. Holes of exit for the perfect beetles are very few.
The Platypus was observed abundantly flying one morning just before sunrise
and not at any other time of the day, nor would the beetles be found on or in
the Yellow Pines, the only trees growing in that locality.

Dr. Riley exhibited drawings of larva and pupa of Exorista vitlata and Epi-
pocus punctatus and explained the differences between the corresponding adole-
scent stages in these two insects.

A letter from Mr. C. L. Johnson was read, stating that he had observed a
Lepidopterous larva feeding on a species of Aphid, and had bred the insect to
maturity. Mr. Lugger stated that the larva was that of Fenesica tarquinius, and he
had also made the same observation several years in succession: though he had
never actually seen them feeding on the Aphids, they were always found among
them.

A” 5 MERIGANA

¥OL, I. BROOKLYN, MARCH, 1886, | vi NO. 12,

The North American species of Toxophora.
By D. W. CogumLiert.

The genus Zoxophora may be easily djstinguished from any other
genus belonging to the family Bombylidz by the following characters:
Wings with only three posterior cells; abdomen never club-shaped, cov-
ered with an appressed tomentum and destitute of long pile; body and
head when viewed from the side curves nearly in the form ofa half-circle:
first joint of antennz longer than the third.

The following table comprises all of the species of Zoxophora known
to occur in North America,

1. — Wings with three submarginal cells, the second vein being connected with the

Antenoribranchyoltwertaind bya CrosS-velees eis sci see see ee eee 2

Wings with only two submarginal cells; cross-vein at apex of discal cell not
angular, and destitute of a stump of a vein......... bh sie eks leucopyga.

2.— Cross-vein at apex of discal cell angular and bearing a stump of a vein........ 3
Cross-vein at apex of discal cell not angular, destitute of a stump of a vein..... 4

~ Wings hyaline, costal half only slightly yellowish........ ......... pellucida.
Wings smoky brown, costal half darker brown.... | ............ amphitea.

- Abdomen with a black stripe each side of the middle................. virgata.
Abdomen with a row of black spots each side of the middle .......... maxima.

I’, americana Guer. (Icon. Regn. Anim., Insectes, t. 95, f. 1) has
never been described; moreover, the figure Shor four posterior cells,
which would exclude this species from the genus Zo.vophora.

T. leucopyga Wied. Auss, Zw. I, 361, 2; Macq. Dipt. Ex. II, 1, 117, t. XIII,
{; fulva Gray, Griffith’s An. Kingd. XV, Ins. 2, 779, t. 126, f. 5; O.-S. Western
Diptera 267; Cat. Dipt. 238. Ga.. Car., Tex. Length ro—12 mm. (O.-S.)

Unknown to me. Judging from the descriptions there can be no
doubt of the correctness of this synonomy, which was suspected by Osten.
Sacken.

—w22—

T. pellucida n. sp. Wholly black. First joint of antenne while tomentose,
inner side of second joint silvery pollinose in the male. A cluster of appressed whit-
ish pile on each side of the front above the antennze. Occiput pale yellowish pilose.
Thorax pa'e yellowish p.lose, the center fulvous tomentose, the bristles black;- pleura
white tomentose. Abdomen white tomentose, at the base more yellowish; a row of
Llack spots each side of the middle, situated on the anterior edges of the sezments,
those on the first segment extending the entire length of the segment, those on the
second segment coalescing with each other; «iso a row of black spots on each side of
the abdomen, siiuated in the middle of segments, somethimes wanting except on the
second an‘i third segments. Venter white tomentose. Femora wh.tish tomentose,
on the tibiee more yellowish. Knob of halteres whitish. Wings hyaline, costal, first
and second basal celis somewhat yellowish; three submaryinal cells; small cross-vein
at middle of discal cell; cross-vein at apex of discal ce!l angular and bearing a stump
ofa vein which projects into the second posterior cell. Length 6--10 mm. Cal.
Pony 2:

T. maximan. sp. Wholly b'ack. First joint of antennz white tomentoxe.
Front, except the apex, with densely appressed yellow pile. Occiput yellow pilose.
Thorax yellow pilose and tometose, the bristles black; pleurze yellow pilo-e. Abdom-
en bri.ht yellow tomentose, a row of black spots on each side of the middle, situat-
ed on anterior edges of the .esments, those on the second segment coalescine with
each other. Venter sparse whilish tomentose. more dense on hind edges of the seg-
ments. Femora and tibie pale yellow tomentose. Knob of halteres yellowish.
Wings hyaline, costa!, first and second basal cells slightly yellowish; three submarg-
inal cells; small cross-vein at last third of discal cell; crcss-vein at apex of discal cell
not angular, destitute of a stump ofa vein. Len:th 16mm. Cal. 1 Q.

T. virgata O.-S. Western Diptera 266. Length 7—10 mm. 2 (, 1 cf. Cal.,
alex. (Gia,

T. amphitea Walker. Cat. B. M. II, 298; O.-S. Western Dipt. 267. Length
12 mm. (according to Osten-Sacken 5 mm.). 1 9, Fla., Middle and So. States.

Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S.

(Continued from page 209 ante. )
‘The Secretary then read the following paper:

EARVAL LONGEVITY OF CERTAIN COLEOPHORA,

By Mary E. MurtreLp?T, Kirkwood, Mo.

With regard to the life habits of its species no group of the 7imede
is more interesting than the Co/eophore.

The larve are all case bearers, the cases being very dense, ofa
woody or testaceous appearance and from silk with a large admixture of
excrementitious matter. ‘They vary much in form and, where the larva
are confined to a single food-plant, the shape of the case may be regard-
ed as an important characteristic of the species.

Only the head and thoracic segments of the larvee are ever exposed
and these alone show color ornamentations.

—223-—

The legs are well developed and the insect is capable of quite rapid
locomotion notwithstanding the unwieldiness of the enclosed’ hind-body
which is usually sustained at an angle of fortv-five degrees and sometimes
almost vertically,

I have found the Co/eophore rather difficult to rear and_ this is es-
pecially the case with the single brouded species that can be collected
only in autumn. ‘These must be preserved not only over winter, but
through the still more trying months of spring and summer often late
into September and October. During all this time the entomologist
must continually guard these objects of his care from excessive heat,
mould and mites.

All Coleophora \arvee are averse to dampness and yet a certain
amount of moisture about the time of their final tranformations seems
to be necessary to their complete development.

For four or five successive years I have collected and cared for the
larvee of a certain species which may be found in September and October
on the seeds of Chenopodium album. ‘The cases of this species are at first
conical and are carried in an almost erect position, but at maturity be-
come somewhat fusiform and considerably curved at the anterior end.
The average length is 0. 20 inch, the texture peculiarly firm with an ir-
regular roughened and mottled surface which closely imitates the dull
black, whitish green and pale brown of the ripening seed cases of the
Chenopodium.

The head and narrow cervical shield are polished pale-brown in-
distinctly mottled with a darker shade of the same color. | Thoraci¢ seg-
ments beautifully ornamented with curved and wavy lines of crimson
on a pearl-white ground and the long and slender legs are similarly
marked. When removed from the case the hind body is found to be of
a pale-green or greenish-white color, depressed cylindrical form and with
a very soft and easily ruptured integument. ‘The prolegs are of the
normal number but reduced to simple circlets of minute hooks. Supra-
anal plate dark fuscous, horny and edged with short stiff hairs.

On the dorsum of the seventh segment, in many of the larvae exam
ined, were a pairof dark spots each one with two points projecting
toward the medio-dorsal line. The nature of these marks or organs I have
not yet ascertained.

Growth is usually complete by the middle of October and the larvae
then either desert their food plant entirely or attach themselves to the
main stalk. Here they remain ten or eleven months and sometimes even
longer in a state of semi-dormancy, ‘[hat they are not completely dorm-
ant is evident by the fact that if forcibly loosened from their places, o1
disturbed by the pressure of any other body against their cases, or if the

surface to which they are attached becomes damp, they will with apparent
ease lift up their cases and remove to a more favorable location, In the
rearing jar the cases will nearly all be found attached to the muslin cover
which the larvae have previously thickened with a very fine web. The
cases are attached by a secretion which seems to be a mixture of cement
and silk. I have also found the cases partly buried in the pith of a
split-stalk of the food plant with which I had provided them, — If nothing
occurs to disturb them or to endanger their health they do not usually
move from their original position. So far as my observation goes these
larvae do not ‘‘feed up” in the spring or summer, though tempted with
both fresh and dried food, and yet I have often found them, not only
alive but plump and active and able to crawl up the smooth sides of the
rearing jar after more than a year’s abstinence. ‘Their only preparation
for transformation consists in strengthening the anchorage of their cases
and in turning around within them to enable the moth to emerge from
the posterior or free end.

It is at this crisis that they are most likely to succumb to unfavor-
able outward conditions. ‘Their peculiar vitality seems to be exhausted
and does not suffice for the change to pupee, hence my inability after re-
peated experiments, to report success in rearing the perfect insect.

C. lineapulvella Cham., is an equally tantalizing species. I have
never found this feeding but have taken the cases in the autumn from
the bark of trees and shrubs and only once succeeded in rearing the
imago.

I believe this larval longevity to be characteristic only of the seed-
feeding species, as I have never observed it in those found on leaves or
buds, the latter being usually double brooded.

(P.S.-Since the above notes were offered to the Entomological Club
I have the satisfaction of reporting the emergence of two imagines of the
species on seeds of Chenopodium.

These appeared about the last of September. A few days ago
(Oct. 15) on cutting open some of the remaining cases I found one larva
still unchanged but apparently healthy.

The species seems closely allied to ifnot identical with C. Aneapul-
vella Ch., though the cases from which I bred the more typical form of
the Jatter were quite different in several respects. ‘The species just reared
varies chiefly in the darker ground color of the primaries, which instead
of being white is deep buff and in the more profuse dusting of brown
scales on the apical third. A more critical examination may disclose
other less obvious distinctions. It would certainly add to the testimony
against the value of larval characteristics should the two (supposed) spe-
cies prove identical. )

—225-—
/

Prof. Riley says, many species remain for along time in the larva
state, There is a Thyridoptervx which can hardly be distinguished from
ephaemeriformis that lives a full year in the larva state instead of complet
ing its transformations in a few months as ephaemeriformis does.

Prof. Lintner remarked that it was surprising how far small larvee
sometimes travelled during their life. Aspaedisca splenderiferella on
apple, was often so abundant that almost every leaf on a tree showed
either a Jarva or traces of its work. He found the pupa on the leaves,
the branches, and on the trunks, even close to the roots. The imago
emerged during the latter part of July. He wondered that the larva
should travel so far before pupating.

Mr. Smith then proposed as a subject of diScussion

SHOW SHALL WE CREATE, AND FOSTER AN INTEREST
IN THE SLUDY OF ENTOMOLOGY);

He said he had, during the past year or more, been carefully con-
sidering this question, without reaching a satisfactory conclusion. It
seems strange that in so large a country, with a fauna offering so many
new and interesting forms, there should be so few with a lively interest
in Entomology. The youth of this country seem to have no interest in
that line, and the question is, could not some interest be created? And,
further, how, when created, can this interest be fostered? He has receiv-
ed many letters from collectors of this tenor: How can I determine my
insects? What books shall I get? and similar questions. He had not
always found it easy to give a satisfactory answer. Many of the gentlemen
present were teachers, or in official positions: Can they offer any sug-
gestions?

Prof. Osborn said, one of the first difficulties in the way of interest-
ing students is, that we cannot offer them any profit from the study.
They must study something that will enable them to get a living, and
Entomology is not one of the branches that offers many advantages in
that direction. He teaches Entomology, and creates a temporary interest,
which, owing to other serious duties of life, generally dies out, sooner or
later.

Prof. Riley said, the matter is an important one, and deserving our
careful attention. The question of books, is a serious one, often asked
and not satisfactorily answered. ‘There are so many, treating of different
groups or part of groups, that it requires a considerable library to study:
and this kind of work does not reach the popular mind, and is not what
we need. Still we have no reason to complain of the progress of Entom-
ology: compare the state of the science twenty years ago with its present
condition, and it offers little to despair of. In the late edition of the

2

Naturalists Dire_tory there are more with Entomology in some of its
branches after their names, than ever before.

Mr. Smith says that in the May No. of ‘‘Ent. Am.” he had given a
statement of what the Naturalist’s Directory showed in this direction, and
proved how little the word ‘‘#n?.” after a name signified in many
instances,

Prof. Peabody said that in 1869 this matter came up before him and
he has tried to work out its solution for many years. He had_ projected
a popular manual; but the longer he worked, the further off seemed the
end. ‘There were two serious difficulties in the way. The first is, that
the subject is so large that it is difficult for one man to cover the ground
and keep the work within moderate bounds; and the second, that our
knowledge of many orders was still too incomplete for such a work which
should be simple and comprehensive.

Prof. Underwood thinks we do not necessarily need such a com-
prehensive work. ‘The most successful manuals in botany, and such as
created most interest, where those that treated only a limited group, and
a limited fauna. <A most useful treatise would be one embracing the in-
sects of the N.E. United States, as there the largest number of those who
would be interested in such a work would be found,

Mr. S. W, Allis said, that one drawback is the want of knowledge
how a collection should be kept. He has known a number of young
men who started enthusiastically, and gathered a large lot of material:
suddenly the museum pests appeared and cleaned them out; effectually
dampening their ardor. His idea would be to encourage students to
collect in special groups. The collections would be smaller, more readily
kept, and there would be more apt to be good material amongst them.

Prof. Riley thinks we could never render such a work as has been
proposed, popular. We do not want to make collectors, we want students,
who will take an interest in the work. ‘There is great difficulty also in
getting any order outside of Coleopiera and Lepidoptera in a popular and
yet accurate form, because so little is known of them. After all, in his
opinion, Entomologists, like poets, are born, and not made, and unless
they have the proper stuff in them, they cannot be made good workers.
Relerring again to the question of books; he alway recommends: first,
Harris Injurious Insects, a classic that will give acquaintance with many
common species, as well asa simple classification; second, Kirby and
Spence; third, Westwood. He has had in mind an introductory work,
to which Westwood would be somewhat the model. He would treat,
perhaps, 100 families, taking a type of each, and giving a complete treat-
ise on it, so that the student could gain a knowledge of what classification

—227—

meant. Such a work could not have synopses, because that would not
be popular.

Prof. Peabody would not recommend Kirby & Spence nor West-
wood, for American students. He thinks that a student who could over-
come those works, -and still retain an interest, would be a born Entom-
ologist, who required no stimulant to interest him.

Prof Lintner would not recommend Kirby & Spence, nor Westwood.
He recommends Harris and Packard. He thinks children are born
naturalists, and that synopses, especially if illustrated would be very
useful.

Prof. Westcott says he recommends Harris, Packard, and Le Baron’s
4th Report, which is excellent so far as it goes; and there were several
other reports that would be very useful.

Prof. Riley said there is a difficulty in reeommending public docu-
ments, because they are not readily obtainable in the ordinary course
of trade.

Prof. Osborn thinks personal contact among Entomologists the best
way to create and sustain interest in the study.

Further discussion brought forth no new suggestions, though many
minor difficulties in the way of producing a popular and yet valuable
work were discussed.

On motion of Prof. Underwood the club then adjourned, to meet
again under the rules, at the next meeting of the A.A.A.S.

JOHN B. SMITH, Secrerary.

+ = > + ~< + ire -— —_

The systematic position of the genus Triprocris G7/.

By H. B. Moscuuer, Kronférstchen near Bautzen.

I published in Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 1885, p. 203 etc.,
a treatise on Mr. Smith’s Notes on the systematic position of some North
American Lepidoptera and assented to this author’s view, that none of
the genera, placed in the family Zyge@nidae by several North American
authors, belong to it; but there were a few genera unknown to Mr. Smith
and myselfand Zrzprocris is among them. Since that time, Mr. Neu-
mOgen was kind enough to send me a fine specimen of Ziprocris Smith-
sonianus Clem., collected in Texas, and I will give my view on the
systematic position of this species, stated by an exact examination of my
example.

In size this species is similar to the species of the genus /o Leach,
and the body, especially the antennze, shows a metallic hue like those

species.

—228—

Antenne with bases approached, much shorter than the body, rather
deeply pectinated in the <j‘, Palpi very minute, scaled, drooping, term-
inal joint acute. Tongue very short. Eyes large, rather prominent,
naked. Head free, rather small, scaled, with ocelli. Thorax longer
than wide, scaled. Abdomen rather cylindrical, finely scaled, shortly
and indefinitely tufted at the sides, much exceeding the hind wings.

Legs slender, finely: scaled, hind tibiae with two apical spurs. Fore
wings longer than the body, narrow, rounded at the tip. Hind wings
narrow, rounded at the tip.

Neuration of the fore wings. Discoidal cell 3 of the length of the
wing, obtuse at the end, divided; subcostal vein four-branched, two nerv-
ules before the end of the cell, two behind it, near to each other. “Two
discoidal veins. Median vein four-branched with nervules nearly equidist-
ant. Two internal veins.

Neuration of the hind wings. Discoidal cell rather longer than
half the wing. Costal vein wanting, subcostal vein two-branched at the
end of the cell, one discoidal vein, median vein three-branched, the
nervules nearly equidistant, ‘Three internal veins.

In my paper a specimen is mentioned as unknown to me and_be-
longing presumptively to Zriprocris.

At present, Iam sure, that it belongs to this genus, in spite ofa
little difference of the neuration of the hind wings; but I am doubtful
whether it is the female of Zr. Smithsonianus or another
species. A comparison of my figures will illustrate the
difference. (Upper figure Smithsontanus, lower figure sp?)
With regard to the systematic position of the genus 7riprocris,

Zygeenide nor to the Syntomidae. It cannot belong to the first family
because the costal vein of hind wings is wanting, and as _ it has two in-
ternal veins of the fore wings this genus cannot be placed with the Syn-
tomide. It can only belong to the family Pyromorphide H. Sch., with
the genera Pyromorpha H. Sch. and Harrisina Pack.; for the genera be-
longing to this family, are distinguished by two internal veins of the fore
wings and want of the costal vein of the hind wings.

I was thus able to examine all the genera of North American
Zygenide, except Pseudulypia Edw., Horama Edw., Ldwardsia Nmgn.,
and Penthetria Hy. Edw.,. and 1 must again confirm that Mr, Smith’s
view that neither of them belong to the Zygzenidz is perfectly right.

there is no doubt that it belongs neither to the family ol

The breastbone of the larva of Cecidomyia
homologous to the labium.

By Dr. H. A. HaGeEn.

The gall of Cec. (Caryae) ‘ubicola Sacken, is solid at the darker tip;
the two basal thirds possess an elongated cavity, filled but not densely with
some irregular webbing, the threads being very fine. The comparatively
very small larva has an amber-yellow breastbone; its free part resembles
a small tooth ofa shark, which joins somewhat abruptly a longer and
broader basal ovoid part. Near this part are situated saussage-like
vessels; two of them connected with the larger part of the breastbone, just
before the free pointed apical part. These vessels have a dull ashy-gray
appearance, similar to spinning vessels, are 0,003 mill. thick, witha
thinner end attached nearly together on the ventral side. The ventral
side of the free part of the breastbone is concave at its base, where it is
included in the body, and even on the not included part some fine striae
are to be seen. If this is, as I believe it to be, an organ for spinning, the
breastbone is homologous with the labium. I should remark that C.
tubicola is till now the only species, known to me, to spin; but probably
there exist many more.

NN

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. February 2, 1885. — Twenty persons
present, the president in the chair. Mr. Hulst gave some general notes on the
classification of the Geometridz, based on the studies thus far made by him, and
urged the collection of larve and the breeding of the species, as the only way to
obtain a thorough knowledge of the geometrid fauna of any locality. Mr. Weeks
gave some of his experiences with the larve of this family, noting that the larva
of Endropia marginaria hibernated without making special efforts to secure com-
fortable or warm quarters for the winter.

A discussion on methods of collecting and raising larve in which severa
members took part, closed the evening.

Entomological Society of Washington. February 11, 1886. Mr. Howard
read a note from Prof. Riley in relation to the food habits of the larva of Fenesica
tarquinius, in which he stated that he had for some time had in his notes, the
records of observations by Mr. Pergande, who had found the larva actually feed-
ing on the following species of Aphidide: Pemphigus frawinifolii, Schizoneura
lesseleata, and Pemphigus imbricator. The last named species is the species re-
ferred to by Mr. Johnson and Mr. Lugger at the last meeting.

Mr, Howard read a paper on the Chalcid genus Podagrion, peculiar, becanse
it unites the characters of several families, and is parasitic on Manlis eggs. He
particularly described the method of oviposition through the hard covering of
the egg masses. Mr. Lugger states that at one period of its development the
embryo of Mantis shows 4 pairs of legs. Mr. Howard also mentioned that a

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 35

specimen of Lasioderma serricorne has been found alive in Pyrethrum powder
which was still strong enough to kill cockroaches.

Mr. Lugger exhibited a pattern of a new aquarium which is very con-
venient for rearing and observing all sorts of aquatic larve &c. It can be hung
on the wall like a picture, and readily connected with the water pipe, so that a
steady flow of water of any desired strength can be maintained.

Mr. Smith read a translation and abstract of a recent paper on the odor
giving structures of the males of Lepidoptera, commenting favorably on the
same, and citing instances confirmatory of the views advanced, i.e. that they
were secondary sexual characters, the odor proving agreeable to the OQ. My.
Schwarz said that among the many forms of secondary sexual characters in the
Coleoptera, some would likely found analogous in function to those in the Lepid-
optera. He referred more particularly to the tufts of hair on the mentum of
Trogosita, and those on the ventral segments of the <j‘ in Dermestes. Differences
in the vestiture of the sexes are known to occur: e.g. Hoplia where the ¢' has
seales, and the © only hairs; but in this case it is hardly possible that we have
to do with odoriferous organs,

Index to Authors and Stabjects,

Aaron, S. Frank.
Oviposition in Agrion 16.

Angell, G. W. J.
Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec. 26.

Announcement I.

Ashmead, Wm. H.
On the discovery of Thoracantha, a
tropical genus of Chalcid flies, in
Florida 95.

Beuttenmueller, Wm.
Food plants of Lepidoptera (Smerin-
thus exczecaius) 196.

Butler, Arthur G,
On the identity of Cyaniris ladon of
Cramer, with C. pseudargiolus of
Boisduval and Leconte 53.

Book Notices 57, 99, 120, 157, 179,
199.

Casey, Lt., T. L.
Miscellaneous Notes 56.

Collection Notes 16, 38, 39, 54, 56,
78, 79; 80, 97; 120,

Cook, A. J.
Noies on the functions of the secre-
tions of Leucanium tilie 211.
The Choke Cherry Tortricid Moth,
Coceecia cerasivorana 212,

Curley, Edwin A.
Bees and other hoarding insects, their
spe ialization into females, males and
workers 61,

Davis, Wm, T.
The breeding habits of some of our
Dragon flies 18.
The periodical cicada on Staten Is-
land ot.

Duering, Chas, A. A.
Note on occurence of Samia cynthia
16,

Editorial vagaries 193.

Edwards, Hy.
New Bombycide from Colorado 17.
New species of Californian moths 49.
Notes on Mexican Lepidoptera, with
descriptions of new species 128.

Ent. Club of A.A.A.S.
Notice of meeting of 53.
Programme of 96.
Proceedings of 121, 164--178, 209
to 214, 222 —227,

Fernald, ‘C. Hi.
Hiibner’s Tortricids 137.

Goding, F. W.
Biographical Sketch of William Le-
Baron 122,

Harrington, W. H.
Are curculio larva lignivorous? 18.

Henshaw, Samuel.
Record of some contributions to. the
literature of North American beetles.
published in 1883—84. Part I, 41:
Part 1573:
Note on ‘*On some Historical Errors”
by W. H. Fdwards 18.

Horn, Geo; H., M-D:
Synonymical notes, 5, 52, 88 (No.2).
108 (No 3).
On variations in Coleoptera I9-—20.
A note on Scotocryptus 51—79.
Synopsis of Aneflus 131.
Concerning Cremastochilus 187,
Howard, L. O.
On the parasites of Odontota sutur-
alis 117.
A generic synopsis of the Hymenopt-
erous family Chalcididz 197, 215.

Hulst, Geo. D.
Synopses of Butterflies (Erebia), 36.
Notes on Platysamia polyommata,
Tepper 155.
The family position of Euphanessa
mendica Wlk. 167.
New species and varieties of Geome-
tridze 202—208.

Kellicott, D. S.
On the larval period of Harmonia
pini, and a parasite of same 171.
On the preparatory stages of an un-
determined Cossus 173.

Leng, Chas. W.
Synopses of Cerambycidz 28, 130.
Note on Water beetles 39.
Note on Monilema 136.
Hypocephalus armatus, Desm. 189.
Morris, J. G.
Visit to an old time Entomologist 2.

Murtfeldt, Mary E.
Larval longevity of certain species of
Coleophora 223

Neumoegen, B.

Descriptions of New Lepidoptera 92.

Notes and News 38, 53, 78, 96, 156.
178, 196.

Obituary Note. H. K. Morrison 100.

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS (AND SYNOPSES).

Osborn, Herbert.
Classification of Hemiptera 21.

Ricksecker, L. E.
Collection Notes 96.

Riley, C. V.
The influence of Climate on Cicada
septendecim 91.
The present status and future pro-
spects of silk culture in the U.S. 139.
Aletia xylina ys. A. argillacea 161.
Notes on the principal Injurious In-
sects of the year, 176.

Smith, John B.
Noctuids common to Europe & North
America 13.
On variations in Lepidoptera 19-20.
An abnormal Lucanus cervus 27.
An introduction to a classification of
the N.A. Lepidoptera (Sphingide)
81.
Some new species of Hispini 94.
Notes on the structural characters of

the Lepidoptera 164.
Cosmosoma omphale 181.

Society News.
Bkln. Ent. Soc. 19, 40, 59, 80, 140,
159, 179, 200, 220, 229.
Ent. Soc. of Wash. 60, 80, 180, 2009,
220, 229.
Stretch, R. H.
Descriptions of n. sp. of Heterocera
IO.
Tepper, Fr.
Note on Papilio asterias, Fabr. 186.
Underwood, L. M.
‘The N.A. Myriapoda 141.
Wenzel, H. W.
Note on Sandalus 107.
Williston, S. W., M.D.
On the classification of North Amer.
Diptera (2d paper) 10; (3d paper)
114, 152. ae
On variations in Diptera 20.

Index th Synopses.

COLEOPTERA.
BATICEMISH eh eatiidis se ails’ sys Sut er G4 kod Gnanhalodestanrrjsnt nee 23
COR ga ei onte Sekai iniasclocstoiess se 20 28 bletera ch thes pert ntereerris it eee 135
RC OMNSAE repeats wines <s\ole.s ojo heueu 134 RIECINOMIeRNS ieee aero e etree 135
ROUINIUSME RI eG STON: miaicicie sindsiciesmeutte 135 Romalemmipaetsisteect-tiseiiataiels 29—30
RSIS Ue oe aie Velen os a8 seistatons\ si ¢ fev ehe/s 28 Dylonotussaen cose eee 134
POCO 6 a )s,n ce cece len we S1e worn, < 31—32 PMN OACS carats eicrsleve = Ais ether eerae 134
LeU SUh ORICON Er siste, Sess cree ool easier ove 134
DIPTERA.
Benda (@enera)\c. +).F.. sce. 152 Stratiomyidee (sub-fanlily)...... 76
Clitellarina: (genera)..... Teel lS Stratiomyine (genera) .......... 153
Bends (genera). stias. 3... oe as 10 maiabamicdes, (@enera)iercm scien eer 10
Pachygastrinz (gemera).......... 153 doxophorar (Species) eet arene 221
SAM Gen (OEMENA) ceva. ce «ic es See 152 | Xylophagidz (genera)....... cau e ae
HEMIPTERA.
Synopsisiofifamiliesie, .....6... 25.
HYMENOPTERA.
Chalcididze (sub-families)........ 1O7 eae ou pelmin se (Senenal ieee eater 2156
SPELICOSTNGIN GE 1s. Systatore, otsierars ats creole 205 ie ° Pncyrtme (genera)so) ee cue OMG
ory mince: (SENETA) *)../2 41. = ee 215
LEPIDOPTERA.
Dine ianieare uses cite «' De dias ave Pe QO | sSphingid ce }(oenexra) meen eee 37
MYRIAPODA.

Synopsis of Orders, Families and genera...... -.. 144-—05o.

GHNERAL INDEX.

Acoptus suturalis 19
Adelocephala suprema n. var. 94
Aegeridz genitalia of 165
Aeshna verticalis note on 18
Aglyptus 79
Agrion oviposition in 16
Agrotis augur 13
SeeenCannied LA!
‘¢ —conflua 4
** — fennica 209
‘ festiva 4
** haruspica 13
‘* islandica 14
** Jabradorensis 14
** _messoria 176, 210
** opipara 14
‘« saucia 210
*« scropulana 14
~ * segetum 15
sem =Sleirce 14:
‘** simplonia 14
sincera 13
solitaria 14
*s texana I5
« Wockei 14
Alcohol for collecting 120
Aletia argillacea 161
* xylina 161
Am. Ent. Soc. Curator for 54
Amerinus III
Aneflus calvatus n. sp. 131, 132
Angerona celaria n. var. 208
Anisodactylus arizonz 112
Anisota Heiligbrodtii, Cocoon of 60
Anthocharis genutia in Conn. 56
Anthonomus musculus, hab.of 176, 209
Apatolestes n. gen. 11, 12
cS comastes n. sp. 12
Aphids, secretion of as honey 212
Arctia approximata n. sp. 104
** elongata n. sp. 93, 105
incorrupta 93
mormonica n, var. 93
nevadensis 93
obliterata n. sp. 105
*« sulphurica 93
Areus 113
Argynnis halcyone 213
Arthmius gracilior (note 8) 112
Arthropeas 114, I15
Aspzedisca splenderiferella 225
Attacus cinctus notes on 78
** orizaba 160
* splendidus 78, 160.
Azelina atrocolorata n. var. 205
** “australata n. var. 205
‘« radiosaria n. sp. 206

a

oad

sf

ae

———-

Barytachys gemellus 111
Beauvois—Synonomy of Coleoptera de-
scribed by 88 -
Belostoma grandis 54
Bembidium dejectum 111
es vinnulum ITI
Bolbomyia 114
Bombycide, genitalia of 165
Bradycellus lucidus (note 5) 111
Byturus unicolor 209
Caberodes galbanaria n. sp. 204
or mimaria n. var. 204
Ceenia dimidiata, larva of 180
Calandridz 19
Callimorpha Lecontei 104
ae reversa nN. Sp. 104
Caloptenus femur-rubrum 178, 209
Camnula pellucida 177
Caseyer lata ien le
Collection of 54
Synonomy of species descr. by 108
Catocala andromache n. sp. 50
Cecidomyia pyri 210
a tubicola 229
Charistena bicolor n. sp. 95
Chauna 153
Chironomus, habitat of a 211
Chrysobothris femorata, habits of 97
Chrysomela labyrinthica 127
multipunctata 128
philadelphica 59, 126
pnirsa 127
es scalaris 126
Cicada 17 decim 91, 177
Cicindela ventralis 52
Cisthene lactea n. sp. 103
‘¢ plumbea n. sp. 102
Coccecia cerasivorana, net of 212
Coenonympha californicus 213
ef galactinus 213
inornata 213
ochracea 40, 213
Coniontis elliptica 113
«robusta 113
Coleophora, larvze of 223
og lineapulvella 224
Colias elis, note on description of 55
“¢ eurydice 159. :
Coptocycla aurichalcea, how to pre-
serve colors of 78
Corylophodes 196
Corylophus 196
Cosmosoma omphale 140, 179, 181, 213
Cossonus Crenatus 97
ce piniphilus 97
platalea 19
Cossus alni n. sp. life-history of 174

oe

ee

“e

GENERAL INDEX,

Cossus querciperda 176
Cremastochilus canaliculatus 187
= habiis of 187
st Schaumii 187
Crocata Belfragei n. sp. 103
“« costala n, sp. 103
‘€ obscura 7. sp. 103
Cryptamorpha Hubbardi
(note I5)
Cryptobium, remarks on.20
Cryptocephalus distinctus 9
Ctenucha fulvicollis, analappend. of 79
a Robinsonii 107
Cyanide for collecting 120
Cyaniris ladon 53
Peetuciay 52
«¢ pseudargiolus 53
Cybister fimbriolatus 54
Danais archippus 140, 159, 160
Derostenus primus 2 sp. 117
Dianous chalybeus 113
“¢ zephyrus) 113
Didasys, genitalia of 165
Diptera, on the classification of 114
Donacia lucida 9
«cs cuprzea 9g
Drepanodes eflascinaria sp. nov. 204
ss hortularia sp. nov. 205
at perizomaria sp. nov. 205
Ectypia bivittata 107
Elaphidion unicolor 133
Elater rufipes 88, 90
Electric light attracting insects 156, 160
Eleodes arcuata 113
«¢ deformity of an 56
Ellema 167
Ellopia fervidaria 208
** somniatia sp. nov. 208
Elmis, hab ts of 200
Endropia d-coloraria n. sp. 207
hilumaria n. sp. 2c6

KIO; Te)

“f lentaria n, sp. 207

£ manubaria 7. sp. 207
‘ minoraria n, sp. 206
ne mollisaria n. sp. 206
f occantaria 1, Sp. 207

Entomologis's in Scientist’s Direct, 39

Epiczerus imbricatus, mandibular app-
endages of 60

Epitragus ovalis 113

Ergates spiculatus 97

Eucaterva variaria, cocoon of 60

Eucheetes Bolieri n. sp. 106

a murina n. sp. 106

Eudryas Stee Johanuis 107

Euphanessa mendica 167

Eupsalis minuta 19

Eurvereon rantalis 176

Eurymene arrogaria ». sp. 208

‘6 excelsa 202
Eurymetopon carbonatum 113
ce dubium 113

ee emarginatum 113

Eutrapela anfractata n. sp. 202

Fxochost»ma caloceps 154.

Eyes of Insects 15

Fenesica tarquin.us, larv.hab, of 220,229

Feronia picipes 9

Genital structure of Lepidoptera 164
*¢ variations of 19, 20

Glaphyra semiusta 8

Glutops 114, 115

Glycerius 111

Gnopheela disjuncta n. sp. 128

Halesidota cinnamomea 107

ee macularia 107

cs scapularis n. sp. 106
Harmonia pini, life history of 171

te parasites of 172

Harpalus vespertinus 112
Harrisina australis n, sp. 102
se metallica n. sp. 102
Helops americanus 89—g90
fot) tHiStiSnGo
** undulaius 89—g90
Hemiteles thyridop.erigis 60
Hessian fly 77
Hister cylindricus 89, 90
** elongatus 89, 90
** latipes 89, 90
Horn, G. H., elected honorary member
Soc. Ent. France 39
of Stettimer Ent. Verein 78
Hiibner’s Tortricids, date of 137
Hydiocera humeralis 9
He rufipes 9
Hylotrupes ligneus 97
Hypocephalus armatus 140, 189
Ichthyura Brucei n. sp. 17
Involuntary movement after death 56
Janassa coloradensis n. var. 17
<¢ Jaciniosa n. sp. 129
Jenison, Baron, visit to, 2
Lachnosterna futilis, swarming of 212
BE subpruiosa 110, 112,
(note 17)
Lep:doptera, effect of external condi-
ions on 40
Leptura allecta 8
‘¢ PSexivuars
“nana 8
« mitidici lis 8
*¢ paupercula 8
“< ruhcepse9
s sauciayS
*¢ similis 9
«¢ spheericollis 8
rs subargentata 9
Lestes unguiculata 18
Leucania unipuncia 209
eucanium uli, function of
tion of 211
Leucartia permaculata 107
Libellula aur.pennis 18
Light, insects attracted to 54
Limacodes, how best raised 220

secre-

GENERAL

Limenitis populi, aberration of 56
Lixus macer, larval habit of 200
“ce parcus, ee sé 200
Lucanus cervus. monstrosity of 19, 27
Lyczena —see Cyaniris.
Lycomorpha nocha n. sp. 128
ee palmeri 167
cs sinuata n, sp. 128
Lygranthoecia marginata, secondary
sexual character of 213
Macroglossa, genitalia of 165
Magdalis barbita 18
a l.econtel 97
Mating of Kombyc.dx 79
Melanophila consputa 97, 98
ee fulvoguttata 97
se gentilis 97
a longipes 97, 98
Melanoplus spretus 177
os d-vasiator 177
Meske, Collect on of 156 |
Mesites sub-ylindricus 2 0 |
Metanema argillaria n. sp. 204
se novellata n. sp. 204
Metrius contractus 98
Microrhopala uniformis n. sp. 94
Moeschler H. B., note on paper of 13
Molorchus bimaculatus 8
Monilema, aberration of a 136
Monstrosities 19
Museum at Cambridze; Coll, at 54
Mycetina vittata, larva of 200
Nadata Behrensii n. sp. 49
Nemeophila Scudderi 107
re Selwynii 107
Neph»pteryx Zimmermani 173
Neoclytus conjunctus 97
Nico heus tibialis 112
Noctui |s at light; note on collecting 79
Nola hyemalis n. sp. 17
Odontota dorsalis 94, 95
hy Horni n. sp. 94
a lateritia n. sp. 95
ae parasiies of suturalis 117
Orsodachna atra, synonymy of g
Orus 112
Oviposition in Agrion 16
Oxydia zonulata n. sp. 201
Pzedisca obfuscata, larval habit of 200
eS saligna 21o
ae Scudderiana 210
Pachyta rugipennis 9
Papilio ajax, food plants of 213
** —asterias 159, 186
** asteroides 160
*« hippocratus 159
“ polyxenes 160
* rutulus 159
Phassus triangularis n. sp. 129
Pityophthorus pubipennis 97
Platypus flavicornis 220
Platydema pernigrum 113
Platysamia Cecropia; aberration of 56

INDEX.

Platysamia polyommata 155, 160
Pleocoma, notes on 180

ot Behrensii 200
Podosesia syringe 177
Polistes sp. peculiar habit of 179
Psyrassa, characters of 131
Pterostichus pivipes 9
Ptilium truncatum I10, 112 (note 13)
Pyrrhotzenia Behrensii 49

oa elda n. sp. 49

ot fravariz 49

os helianthi 49
Rhopalopus sanguinicollis 60, 156
Rhynchitis naxo 113
Riey, C. V., Coll. of at U.S. Mus. 55
Ripula virginaria n. sp, 202
Romaleum procerum 130

os seminitidum n, sp. 130

ae simplicicolle 130
Rumia unicoloraria var. nov. 208
Samia cynthia 160, 155
Sandalus petrophya, note on 107
Sargus trivittatus 154

‘¢ viridis 153
‘© xanthopus 154

Saturnia galbina, cocoon of 140
Satyrus charon 213
Scepsis Wrizhtii n. sp. 101
Sculiopelta n. gen. 152, 154

Oe luteipes n. sp. 154
Scotocryptus, note on 51
Silk Culture in the U.S. 139
Sinodendron americanum 89, 90
Spalacopsis stolaia g

fs suffu-a 9
Spheeridium laeve 89, 90

st pallidum 89, go

. unistriatum 8g, 90
Sphingidze, classification of 81
xe synopsis of genera 87

Sphinx, genitalia of 165
Sphinx separatus n. sp. 92
Spilochalcis odontotz 117
Stenoscelis brevis 19
Stenosphenus sobrinus 8
Strigoderma pimalis 110-12 (note 16)
Stylopidze, how and when found 38
Subula 114, 115, 153
Sympiezus uroplate n. sp. 117
Syntomoidee, genitalia of 165
Tenebus variolosus go
Tetracis cavillaria n. sp. 203

‘« edwardsata n. sp. 203

c geniculata n. sp. 204

«« mellitularia n. sp. 202

“« — morsicaria n. sp. 203

«« notataria n. var. 203

s¢ oblentaria 203

‘« paralleliaria 202

‘* trianguliferaria 203
Thoracantha floridana n. sp. 96, 180
Thyridopteryx ephemeeriformis, para

sites of 60

GENERAL INDEX.

Vhyridopteryx sp. 225
‘Vineid a parasitic 178
** peculiar cocoon of 212
‘Voxophora, the species of 221
ss americana 222

amphitea 222
& fulva 222

eh leucopyge 222

ce maxima n.. sp. 223

a pellucida n. sp, 223

U virgata 222

‘Tracks of Insects resembling the im-
pression of plants 53
Trichogramma odontote n. sp. 117

(ERRATA, )

Trichopteryx radicola 110,112 (note 14)
Triphosa pustularia n. sp. 50

sf badiaria n. sp. 50
Triprocris, systematic position of 227
ss smithsonianus 227 *

Trogosita depressior go
gs mutica go
i subnigra go
U.S. Museum, Collections in 55
s Curator for 54, 90
Water beetles, note on 39
Be where to collect 16

Xenos Peckii, where found 38
Zygenide, genitalia of 165

i o>

ERRATA.

P. 6, line 5, for bifaris, read biforis.

P. 7, ‘' 17, for carmata, read carinata.

P. 8, ‘* 17, for rusticalis, read verticalis.

P. 24, ‘* 16, for Phytoconida, read Phytocorida.

P. 25, ‘* 30, for Penlatomidz, read Pentatomidz.
P. 27, ‘* 7, for Abyrodida, read Aleyrodide.

Pee heen 22,entor The; read his:

P. 60, ‘* 29, for given, read giving.

P. 74, ‘* 5, for perverous, read perversus.

P. 98, ‘* 13, for some ago, read some time ago.

P. 103, ‘ 9, from bottom, for enclosed, read inclined.
P. between is, and strikingly, insert a.

Maat Ee
Poe fey | 4522

for Onodontota, read Odontota.

P. 119, ‘* 7, for through, read though.

P. 143, ‘* 22, for Poldesmus, read Polydesmus.

P. 155, ‘‘ 11, from bottom, for legs, read wings.
P. 160, ‘* 34, for orizava, read orizaba.

P. 172, ‘* 12, for Pha@ogmes, read Phaeogenes.

P. 188, <‘* 15, from bottom, dele to, before ‘‘each’’.
Been 0, tor J. Ax Cook. readvAcu). cook.

GFTON LOCI
” AMERICANA

PUBLISHED Ey liek

Aer BROOK LYN N.Y.

——— >

VOL. Il. — APRIL 1886 to MARCH 1[887.

EDITOR:

Ui Gps pee =e Se \cadagbse
NATIONAL MUSEUM,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

ter
ASST. EDITOR:
ries Sw) hel) febedag reeled eater

BROOKLYN, N. Y.

MERIGANA

ei. BROOKLYN. BPRIL, 1886. NO. 1.

INTRODUCTORY.

When, one year ago, we issued the first number of ‘‘ENromMoLogica
AMERICANA’, it was not without some doubts as to the success of the
enterprise; but with a firm determination to do all in our power to make
itone. We are pleased to be able to say that the support accorded us
has fully equalled our expectations, and, though by no means a financial
success, yet the support even in this way has been encouraging. .-It has

en our endeavor to present not only special or descriptive papers; but

so articles of an introductory nature, useful to the young student, and
notes on the current Entomological news and literature. Nor have our
papers been confined to one or two orders, though naturally Lepidoptera
and Coleoptera as interesting the greatest circle of readers received the
primary attention. Vol. II, the first number of which we present you
herewith will be conducted on the same plan as the previous volume,
and if possible even a greater variety and quantity of matter will be
presented. We have on hand now a number of valuable papers, and
have promises of further supply from leading specialists in all orders. It
is unsafe to make specific promises as to the contents of a forthcoming
volume, so we shall only say that all classes will find something of
interest, and all students something of value in the numbers to be issued
during the coming year. We shall endeavor to bring out our paper as
promptly as heretofore, and hope that our friends will show their
appreciation of our efforts by as promptly sending in their substriptions.

THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE °
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

—2—

On some of the Genera of our Sphingidae.

By Pror, C. H, FERNALD, STATE COLLEGE, ORONO, ME.

In 1758, Linnzeus, in the tenth edition of his Systema Nature,
established the genus Spi, making four divisions; the first containing
those with the outer margin of the fore wings angulated; the second,
those with the wings entire and the abdomen without anal tufts; the third
with entire wings but with anal tufts and the fourth of uncertain location.

In 1775, Fabricius published his Systema Entomologiz in which he
adopts the Linnean genus SpA/i.v, restricting it to the first two divisions
given by Linnzeus, and established the genus Sesza for the third division
and the genus Zygaena for the fourth. In his Genera Insectorum, pub-
lished in 1776, Fabricius gives the characters of his genera and although
very superficial, those given for the genus Sesza appear to apply better to
the so-called A%gerians than to any of the Sphinges although he had
some of both under his genus Seszu.

In 1805, Latreille, in the Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et In-
sectes, vol. 14, p. 134, separated /2/ae, ocellata and populi from Sphinx and
established for them his genus Smerim/hus, and removed sfedlatarum, fuct-
Sormis and bombyliformis from the genus Sestza where Fabricius had
placed them and located them under the genus Sfhinvw. This move
purified the genus Sesza of its incongruous species and left it restricted as
now used by the French and German Entomologists.

In 1807, Fabricius prepared his Systema Glossatorum in which he
restricted the term Sesza to certain species of the Sphingidz and proposed
the generic name degevva for the group afterwards known by the English
Entomologists as the degervidae. Dr. Hagen in his invaluable Bibliotheca
Entomologica, states that this work of Fabricius was never published and
only advanced sheets were sent out, and the manuscript was lost. But
Latreiile had two years previously, as shown above, restricted Sesza to
those species for which Fabricius in an unpublished paper proposed the
name Aegeria. Weshould therefore regard Aegerta as a synonym of
Sesia as restricted by Latreille. I should never have troubled myself or
anybody else with this history but for the reason that the French, Germans
and some Americans have always used these terms in the Latreillian and
correct sense, while the English and many among us have used them in
the Fabrician sense. For the sake of uniformity somebody ought to
change, and as the French and Germans are now really using the terms
correctly, we can hardly expect them to do so, The English have used
the terms Aegerta and Aegeridae so long that it will be a long time be-
fore they will adopt new terms, but while we are revising our work and

<

=>

publishing new lists, will it not be well to make the change from
Aegeriidae and Aegeria to Sesudae and Sestaz

In 1777, Scopoli, in his Introductio ad historiam naturalem, pro-
posed the genus Jacroglossum with the European séed/atarum, an opaque
winged species, as the type. In 1816, Dalman, in the Vetensk. Akad.
Handl. proposed the genus Hemaris for the European species /uci/ormis
and dombyliformis, both transparent winged insects allied to our diffinis
and ¢hysde.

4

I have not examined these European species, but Mr. J. B. Smith
informs me that he has examined sé//afurum and finds no structural
differences from the clear winged species. If he has made no mistake
in his examination, there still remains the opacity or transparency of the
wings to separate them. It is true that some of the species, on emerging
from the pupa, have a few scales on the transparent part, which soon fall
off, but I never heard of a case where there was the slightest danger of
mistaking one for an opaque winged species. *

If we accept the view advanced by Dr. Horn, that genera do not
occur in nature, but that they are simply convenient divisions, would it
not be more convenient both to the collector and the student, to regard
the clearwings as a distinct genus since the transparency of the wings is
so obvious a character? If so, our species will belong to Dalman’s genus
Flemaris .

.

In 1816, Ochsenheimer, in the 4th vol. of his Schmetterlinge von
Europa, established the generic name Dei/ephi/a with merit as the type,
and this genus has always been accepted as it seems to include species
well separated from those of other genera. In 1816, the Verzeichniss of
Hiibner purports to have been published, but the part pertaining to the
Sphingidue could not have been published earlier than 1818 as shown by
Mr. Scudder. In this work Hiibner has given a large number of generic
names, some of which are now in use and generally received.

In addition to the above named authors, Harris, Clemens, Walker,
Grote and Robinson, Boisduval, Poey, Bremer, Duponche! and Swainson
have given us genera for our North American species of the Sphingidae
till, at the present time, we have more than we know what to do. with,
and the work of elimination has begun.

In the Entomologica Americana, Vol. I, page 81, Mr. Smith has
given us a very suggestive and timely paper on our N.A,. Sphingrdae and
one which I trust is to be only a preliminary paper to a fuller and more
exhaustive one on the same subject hereafter. Without taking the space
to call attention to the numerous good features of the work, 1 desire to

a

call attention to one or two oversights, and if | am wrong, no doubt Mr.
Smith will convince me of the error of my ways.

Our author has taken Pogoco/on and made Lefisesia and Luproserp-
‘nus synonyms of the same. Without discussing the question whether
they are really synonymous, I would merely say that Lepzsesza was estab-
lished by Grote in Aug. 1865, /uproserpinus by Grote and Robinson in
Nov. 1865, and Pogocolon by Boisduval in 1874, so that Lepfrsesza should
have been used.

The genus Darapsa was established by Walker in 1856 but Mr.
Butler states in his ‘‘Revision”’, that the ‘‘genus was founded upon most
heterogeneous material, the first three species [choeridus Cr., myron Cr. and
pholus Cr. | being referable to Hiibner’s genus O/ws, the fifth, to Walker's
genus Diodosida, the sixth and eighth, to the genus Daphnis of Hibner,
the seventh, ninth and tenth, to Chaerocampa of Duponchel; there there-
fore remains only the fourth species, allied to Cherocampa, but apparently
sufficiently distinct”. This is ~Zodocera from the West Indies and is
retained by Butler under the genus Darufsa as the type. The genus
Otus was proposed by Hiibner for choevzlus and myron and is used for
these species and some others by Mr. Butler. Mr. Grote had previously
broken up Walker’s genus in the same manner but in 1873 he changed
his ideas, for some reason not apparent, and took Walker’s first species
(choertlus) for the type and adopted the genus Darapsa for our species.
Mr. Butler objected to this as the genus thus limited was synonymous
with Hiibner’s O/ws. But the name O/us had been previously used by
Cuvier for a genus of birds which prevents our using it for insects and on
account of this, Boisduval in 1874, established the genus £veryx with
myron for the type. If rhodocera should prove to be really congeneric
with myron and choertlus, then Walker’s Darapsa should be used for
them all, but Mr. Smith who has examined rhodocera, informs me that it
is really generically distinct and therefore I see no alternative but to use
Everyx for our species.

In 1873, Mr. Grote established his genus Ca/asyméolus with astylus
for the type, leaving myops with exc@catus under Puonias, but later he
transferred myops to Calasymbolus. The only characters given were ‘‘the
venus differs from Paonzas in the shape of the secondaries, and from
Smerinthus in antennal structure’. With regard to the antennal struct-
ure, Mr. Grote probably compared the male of asfy/us, having biciliate
antenne, with the male of gemnafus which has strongly bipectinated
antenne while in cer7se they are biciliate Lacecal/us, myops and astylus

all agree in the form of the costa of the hind wings, in the small size of

the thorax, the unsunken head and the vestiture of the head and thorax,

and in these regards they differ from gemima/us and certs, On the other

ee

i

ae .
hand, cerdsi’ comes nearer to excecaius in the form of the outer margin
of the fore wings than either of the others.

Without enumerating further points of agreement or difference, it
seems to me that we must either accept Paontas, Calasymbolus and Smer-
inthus or else unite them all under the one genus Smerinthus. Which
will be most ‘convenient’?

Mr. Smith states as follows in his remarks under ‘‘Darapsa”, ‘‘I .
cannot separate Ampelophaga versicolor from this genus”. Not feeling
quite willing to take this ev cathedra statement without question, I exam-
ined my material (choertlus, myron and versicolor), with some degree of
care and find the following points of agreement. The head is small
with the scales forming a central ridge or tuft between the antennze; pro-
boscis about half the length of the body; palpi of medium size and
length, curving up and pressed against the front; eyes of medium size,
hemispherical and slightly ciliated; ocelli wanting; antennze slim, fusi-
form, prominently hooked at the end, biciliate in the males but simple
in the females; thorax short and stout, but little advanced in front of the
base of the fore wings, vestiture smooth; abdomen large, cylindrical,
tapering rather suddenly on the last segments, without anal or side tufts,
segments destitute of spinules along the hinder edge; tibiae not spinose
(fore and middle tibiae spinose in choert/us), middle tibize with one pair
of comparatively long, unequal spurs, the hind tibiz with two pairs.

The fore wings have eleven veins (vein 10 wanting), the apex falcate
or the outer margin excavate from the apex to the end of vein 4, and
rounded beyond, ‘The hind wings have the outer margin excavate be-
tween veins 1b and 3, but nearly straight beyond, or they appear to be
somewhat produced at the end of vein 1b; costa of all the wings arcuate;
frenulum and loop present in the males, loop wanting in the females but
the frenulum is represented by a cluster of very short fine bristles.

Why these species should ever have been separated is more than |
can conceive. As shown above, they belong to the genus Lveryx, If
any separation is to be made. jt would seem that choerilus should be the
one separated from the other two, because of its spinose tibiae.

Mr. Smith says that Dedephila has “the fore tibiae at the tip and the
tarsi at the sides furnished with longer claw like spines”, but by a careful
examination of ten examples of /imezfa and fourteen of chamenertr, I find
the fore tibize entirely free from spines but there is a row of longer and
larger, somewhat curved spines on the ow/szde of the fore tarsi only.

When we find Daremma, Diludia. Phlegethontius, Dolba and Hylow-
us by one stroke of the pen all united under Sphzmx, is it not time to
call a halt? Why not have put Cera/omia into the same lot? Did those
four little thorns on the larva inspire fear? Surely Cerafomia is more

. =o

nearly related to Daremma than some of the other genera are. The study
which I have already given to these genera leads me to think that when
Mr. Smith reviews his work and critically examines all the species struct-
urally, including the genitalia, he will also include Ceratomza, or else,
(what is more likely), he will retain all the above named genera distinct.
I have already trespassed too far and will not take time and space to point
out their respective distinctive characters.

NOTE BY¥SEDITOR.

Prof. Fernald rather intimates in the preceeding paper that he would
like to have me ‘‘rise and explain’—a thing I am never averse to doing.
In the first place my paper on the Sphingidee is very general in character,
does not pretend to go into the minuter details of structure, and gives
only in brief my ideas on the subject, in the form that seemed to me
most suited to the needs of the class that I desired to reach. The quest-
ion of Seszd@ or Aegertide@ is not touched in mv paper; but I take this
opportunity of signifying my entire concurrence in Prof. Fernald’s view
of the matter,

Macroglossa or Hemaris? The great majority of European authors
place croatica and s/ellatarum together with the clear winged forms, and
Staudinger so catalogues them. Sv¥ed/a¢arum makes a long reach in
habitus to Ae//opos, while croafica has rather more the true Macroglossa
form. It is a question of opinion, and as my paper was designed to
leave out such discussions, I adopted the more comprehensive term. As
we have only the clear winged forms in our fauna it may be preferable to
use the more restrictive term H/emarvs.

As to Lepisesta or Pogocolon, Prof. Fernald is right. The former has
priority. The only awkward point is that whereas Pogocolon includes
Lepisesia, that genus being created for a somewhat peculiar species, does
not include Pogoco/on. Mr. Grote’s genus was created for this species
only; but as the species of Pogocolon are really congeneric with Lepisesta
flavofasciata Mr. Grote’s genus must be used.

As to Darapsa: No one reading Walker’s characterization and no-
ting the general agreement of the forms placed under it, can doubt that
the genus created by him was really nothing but Ofws Hb., and as Ofus
was preoccupied Darapsa should properly have been used as a substitute.
Mr. Grote’s action in breaking up the genus was therefore somewhat
arbitrary; but as the term really included heterogeneous material he had
perhaps the right to restrict the name to any form he chose. But he
should have provided the three species of O/us with a new generie term.
Mr. Grote’s return to Darapsa was probably based on a view similar to

i

mine. As, afterall, stability in nomenclature is preferable to a sticking
for a matter of unimportant principle, and as /very.v Bd. has come to be
generally accepted, I will in future use this term, though I still claim
that in strictness Darapsa should be used. My statement about rhodoceru
was hardly so positive as Prof. Fernald puts it. 1 have seen the species,
and it seems distinct enough from a rather superficial comparison—un-
doubtedly it is as distinct as a goodly portion of the other Sphingid
genera.

The Smerinthine are all known to me, and I must still insist that
Calasymbolus is synonymous with Smerinthus, while I am not prepared
to say that Paonzas should be united.

‘‘Which is most convenient?” When a genus contains so many
species that it becomes unwieldy, then comparatively unimportant charact-
ers may be used to separate it asa matter of convenience; but when there
are only six species all told, and on Prof. Fernald’s own showing charact-
ters of equal value with those separating Cadasymbolus, separate most of
the species, then I cannot see where the convenience tomes in, if we
burden our memories and lists with a genus for every species or two.

My statement as to the armature of Dez/ephila was based on a rather
careful examination of several specimens of /¢ea/a, and a more cursory
one of some of the European species. Going over the material again |
find Prof. Fernald correct in stating that the fore tibiz are not armed at
tip. ‘The first joint of the fore tarsus has a number of spines so close to
the base, that, partially concealed as they are by the vestiture, they seem
to belong to the tibiz. By removing the vestiture the error is at once
apparent, ‘This armature of the tarsi at that point is so unusual, while
the terminal armature of the tibia is so common, that I was perhaps
justifiable in assuming the usual state as the actual one. The further
statement of the armature of tarsi was loose—it should have . been ‘‘out-
side” instead of ‘‘sides’. This mistake is an error in the use of language
and not of observation, for I knew the tarsi were so armed only at the
outside,

I regret that Prof. Fernald did not go further in his paper and point
out all the differences between those genera I have lumped under Sphinx.
[ have seen and more or less closely examined nearly all of the. species
in all the genera that I have united, and have not thus far found any
characters that could be seized on and definitively stated. Some day not
too far distant, I hope to get at this family with an abundance of material
at command, and maybe then I can convince Prof. Fernald that I was
right—if on the other hand I should find I had been hasty, I shall be
prompt in acknowledging my sins,

Bg:

Notes on North American Zygaenidae and Bombycidae
with descriptions of new forms.

By Henry Epwarps.

As far as I am able to discover from the literature at mv command,
the following species of Heterocera await description. It is somewhat
remarkable that six distinct forms of Gluphisia, (of which genus only one
species so far is to be found in our lists) should so long have remained
unnoticed, especially as those hereafter described, or at last two or three
of them, did not appear to be rare in the localities in which they were
taken.

- Fam. CTENUCHIDAE.

Scepsis gravis, n. sp.

Very closely allied to S. /udezcollts, but a much heavier insect, with
the wings broader, and the abdomen much stouter and shorter. The
pectinations of the antennze are longer than in the common species, the
clay colored costa 1s paler and therefore more distinct, the fringe of the
primaries is clay color and not dusky or shaded with dusky, and the base
of the head is wholly black, not at all encroached upon by orange. The
vestiture of the thorax is very long, in this respect approaching the cha-
racter pointed out by Dr. Packard as belonging to the species afterwards
described by Mr. Grote as S, Packardi (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. 4,
318). In other details it does not accord with this description, and I
can but think with Mr. Stretch that Dr. Packard and Mr. Grote had be-
fore them some faded examples of S. /ulvicollis, which as well as the
present species, is found in California. I have no doubt of the distinct-
ness of S. gravis, whether it be S. Packard: or not, and I hardly think
Dr. Packard could have overlooked so important a character as the black
base of the head, to say nothing of the increased size and broader and
heavier appearance.

My specimens, (5 in number) are all from Mendocino Co., Calif.,
where they were taken by Mr. O. Baron.

Scepsis var. pallens, n. var.

I took in Denver, Colorado, during the past summer, several fer-
Sectly fresh examples of S. /udvicollis, of the form alluded to by Mr. Grote,
(l.c.) in which the collar is pale buff, indeed, in some specimens it may
be called dirty white. This is not owing to fading, as most of the
examples found were in excellent order, and not a few recently emerged
from the chrysalis. I propose for this the above varietal name,

q

—o=

Lycomorpha coccinea n. sp.

Head, thorax, base of abdomen, basal two-thirds of primaries, and basal half of
secondaries bright carmine red. Border of the wings blue black, the inner edge of
both borders strongly dentate. Eyes, antenne, and tip of palpi black. The markings
are repeated on the lower side, the legs being brownish black, with crimson tinge. 2
©. Arizona. Coll. Hy. Edwards. Expanse of wings 24mm. Length of body
9 mm. ;

Melanchroia geometrides Walk.

This species must find a place in our lists, as several specimens
were taken by the late Mr. H. K. Morrison at Key West, Florida. By a
singular error, Walker gives its locality as ‘‘Java” (C. B. M. Vol, 2,
p. 387). It is common in Cuba.

Melanchroia cephise Cram.

This species has long been known as belonging to our fauna, having
been found in Texas and Arizona. No mention of it is made in either
Grote’s New Check List or in that published by the Brooklyn Entom.
Society.

Fam. NYCTEOLIDAE H1. Sch.

Farias obliquata n. sp.

Primaries very pale apple green, with an oblique stripe of pure white extending
from basal third of internal margin to the middle of costa, which is also white near
to the apex. Secondaries sordid white, with slightly pink tinge. Beneath wholly
sordid white, stained with reddish along costal margins. Thorax pale green, ab-
domen sordid white, concolorous with the wings. 2 <j’. Neuces River, Tex. Coll,
B. Neumoegen and Hy. Edwards. Expanse of wings 20 mm.

This insect evidently belongs to H. Schaffer’s family Nycteolidee,
as does also the genus Sarrothripa which has at least three represen-

tatives in our fauna, all strangely omitted from our published lists.

Fam. LITHOSIDAE.

Hypoprepia plumbea n. sp.

A northern form, in which the primariesare nearly all lead-color, with the costa,
internal margin, and median nerve all narrowly buff, the latter once forked behind
the cell, the forks stained with pale pink. The tegule are pinkish, the abdomen and
thorax as in H. fucosa. The secondaries have only the basal third pink, the lead
colored border being unusually wide. Though I believe this to be but a variety, it
is so far removed from the typical examples of H. fucosa, that I have deemed it
worthy ofaname. 2j',1 Q. Minneapolis, Minn. July 1884. (At light.)

Fam. BOMBYCIDAE.
Lithacodes laticlavia Clem.

This form has been confounded in collections with the well-known L. fascioli
Il. Sch., but though greatly resembling each other, I am confident that they are
distinct, and that Clemens’ name should be restored for the present form. It is only
} the size of L. fasciola, is of a much paler color, and wants the dark shading behind
the silvery band. This band is also more straight on its edges, and the oblique sub-
apical line is very indistinct and in some cases obsolete. The lower wings are

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 2

— To

pale, testaceous, not stained with the dusky shade, as is the case with the larger
species.

Average expanse of wings, L. fasciola, 22 mm.

a BS cy SE laticlatios 16 mm.

Several examples. Texas. G. W. Belfrage.

Limacodes parallela n. sp.

Allied to Z. Y-inversa Pack., but a very much smaller insect, smaller indeed
than ZL. rectilinea. Ochreous, the upper wings darker than the lower, The orna-
mentation is similar to that of Z. Y-inversa, but the second stripe of darker shade is
quite straight and runs parallel with the first band, throwing the oblique subapical
stripe which forms the short arm of the Y toa point considerably nearer the apex
than in the allied species. With the exception of the brown stripes the entire insect
is ochreous above and below.

Expanse of wings 20mm. 1 <j. Indian River, Florida. Type, Coll. Hy.
Edwards.

Monoleuca obliqua n. sp.

Size of M. sulphurea, paler in color, with the white mark on internal margin
quite oblique and directed from about 5 mm, from base of the wing immediately
towards the apex. It is slightly waved, and is clear white. Lower wings paler than
the upper.

1. Indian River, Florida. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Ichthyura luculenta n. sp.

Closely allied to J. strigosa Gr. and at first it may be mistaken for it. It is
however a little smaller, and of a paler gray color over the whole surface. The
thorax is wholly gray, wanting the usual brown longitudinal band, this being repre-
sented by a brown shade between the antennz, Abdomen, legs, palpi, and shaft of
the antenne silvery gray. The lines are more strongly bordered with white than in
any other of the species. the basal portion so much so as to leave the lines almost
obsolete. ‘The first or basal line starts from a whitish blotch a little above the median
nerve, and is not dislocated as in other species. It is waved anteriorly, and bends
abruptly outwardly before reaching the internal margin. The second line is very
oblique, reaching the internal angle farther posteriorly than in J. strigosa. It is
bordered outwardly by a brown shade, The third line leaves the second on the sub-
median neryule, and is rather deeply notched before touching the internal margin.
The fourth line is almost straight in its direction, starting from the usual white dash
on the costa, (which is, however, very indistinct) and is much waved throughout.
There is a fawn colored shade behind its apical portion, but no trace of red scales.
The margin is white, and the fringe grayish brown, cut with white at the nervules.
‘The lower wings are smoky drab, palest along the abdominal margin, and with no
median band. Beneath smoky-drab, darkest along costa of the primaries, which
have a faintly defined paler band. Expanse of wings 28 mm. 2. Whitings,
N. Indiana. (W. G. Gallagher.) Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Ichthyura jocosa, n. sp.

Wholly dark fawn drab, the lines all indistinct, the basal being quite obsolete for
its costal half, Second line nearly even in its course, reaching the internal margin
considerably before the internal angle. It is shaded behind with reddish brown,
‘Third line leaves the second very much below the median nerve and curves abruptly
as it touches the internal margin. Fourth line visible on costa, then lost in a chest-
nut colored cloud, then very slightly sinuate towards the internal margin. There is

il i

—II— +

no trace of white on the costal part of this line. A very faint row of brownish sub-
marginal spots. Margin a little paler than the ground color. Lower wings paler
fawn-color, with no median band. Underside wholly pale fawn-color, primaries
darkest, with very faint median band common to both wings, The thorax above has
the usual brown discal stripe, and the palpi are also brown above. Abdomen and
legs wholly fawn-color. 1 Q. Indian River, Florida, Expanse of wings 28 mm.

A very peculiar species, easily distinguished by its extremely faint
lines, the want of the white sub-apical dash, and its brownish fawn-color,
recalling that of the European Z anastomosis L.

Ichthyura astoriz n. sp.

Very pale, almost sordid white, so that the lines are almost undistinguishable.
Basal line bent outwardly in a sharp tooth on the sub-costal nervule. Second line
very slightly waved, and faintly bordered with pale brown posteriorly. Its branch,
(the third line) runs almost parallel with the basal line. The fourth leaves the costa
in a whitish curved streak, is there almost obsolete in a yellowish cloud, where it is
much curved and then almost straight to the internal margin. Behind this are some
blackish linear spots. Fringe concolorous. Secondaries above pale drab, no median
band. Beneath wholly sordid white, with faint median band on secondaries only.
Thorax with very pale brown discal line. Expanse of wings 32 mm. 1 <¥. Astoria,
Oregon. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

The palest of the genus, nearer to /. zwornafa Neum., but differing
greatly in the shape and direction of the lines, as well as in other
particulars.

Gluphisia Tearlei n. sp.

Ashen gray, crossed by two slightly waved lines of reddish brown, which
are edged distinctly with black. The median space is a little lighter than the rest of
the wing. Posterior margins slightly clouded with dusky. A narrow black marginal
line. Lower wings dusky. Beneath dusky, without marks. Thorax reddish-brown
in front, gray on disk, as is also the abdomen. Exp. of wings 40 mm. Length of body
1mm. 1Q. Lake Tahoe, Cal.(Tearle). 1 ¢'. Truckee, Cal. (C. F. McGlashan.)

Dedicated to my friend Osmond Tearle, Esq., by whom this interest-
ing species was first captured.

Gluphisia Wrightii n. sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen very dark gray, thickly speckled with black scales,
but lighter on the under side. The primaries are also very heavily covered with
black scales. A little above the basal half of wing runs a waved line of pale gray,
and from internal angle another waved line more oblique. The space between them
is Closely scaled with black, but towards the inner margin is an almost square buff
patch, across which runs a black line. Space behind the middle band blackish,
shading into pale gray at the submarginal dentate line. Margin and fringe pale gray,
spotted with black. Secondaries sordid white, with a dusky submarginal shade,
connecting with the blackish anal spot. Beneath smoky white, with faint indications
of a double median band. Expanse of wings 42 mm. 1 ©. San Bernardino, Cal.

Kindly added to my collection, by my friend Mr,.W. G. Wright,
after whom I have named this pretty species.

Gluphisia ridenda n. sp.
Head, thorax and abdomen dark gray, plentifully sprinkled with black, especi-

—I12— re

ally on the upper side. Feet and legs also gray mottled with black. Antennae with
the shaft white, pectinations blackish. Primaries with a buff patch at the base, in
which are a few black scales. Behind thisa gray band, edged before and behind with
black, and sprinkled with black scales. Then a rather wide buff or fawn-color shade,
through which runs a waved rather indistinet blackish band, Behind this fawn-color
band is another of white or silver-gray, edged with a conspicuous dentate black line,
with some black scales towards the apex. ‘The space behind the dentate line is pale
gray. Fringe whitish, flecked with black. Secondaries yellowish gray, shading
into dark smoky towards the margins. Underside sordid white, dark on the apex of
primaries, with faint traces of a median band. Expanse of wings 30mm. Length
of body 12mm. 36, 1 Q. Denver, Colorado. Hy. Edwards, 1 ', Montana,
Coll. Neumoegen.

Gluphisia rupta n. sp.

Head and thorax above white flecked with a few black scales, white beneath.
Abdomen and antennz wanting in my unique specimen. Primaries with basal space
white with black central cloud. A very strongly marked black line runs quite across
the wing a little behind the basal third, and from its junction at the internal margin,
another line fainter and more oblique, and slightly dentate inwardly reaches the costa
at the apical third. The space between these two lines is stained with buff, and there
are a few black scales nearest the inner margin, Behind this is a broad space
limited by the dentate submarginal band, and clouded heavily with black. Second-
aries smoky, a little paler at their base. Fringes of both wings white, spotted with
black at the intersection of the nervules. Underside sordid white, the primaries with
a broad smoky submarginal band. Size of G. ridenda. 1 J. Denver, Colorado.
Hy. Edwards.

The single specimen I possess of this species, was partially eaten by
cockroaches after its capture, but an early examination enabled me_ to
pronounce positively as to its sex.

Gluphisia albofascia n. sp.

Ground color of primaries white with a yellowish tinge. Behind the small basal
space is a rather broad black band, narrowing a little towards the costa.. On this are
a few whitish scales. Then a broad yellowish white space, widest on the costa,
where it is stamed with black, and behind this to the margin a blackish cloud, grow-
ing faint at the margin, and enclosing a dentate submarginal line. Secondanes pure
white, with a black shade at the anal angle. Fringes white with black spots at
the intersection of the nervules. Underside clear white, the markings of the upper
surface plainly visible. Fore tarsi distinctly banded with black. Expanse of wings
32mm. Length of body 14mm. 2%. Salt Lake City, Utah. Hy. Edwards.

Gluphisia formosa n. sp.

Size and appearance of the last species, of which it may be but an extreme
variety. There is however, a very distinct shade of buff crossing the middle of the
wing, and the lines are all very faint, giving the insect a yellowish-gray appearance.
‘The primaries are only very sparsely covered with black scales, and the black anal
spot ofthe secondaries is wanting. Beneath, a very distinct smoky median band
crosses the primaries, and appears on the costa of the secondaries in the shape of two
spots. 4 6,1 Q. Salt Lake City, Utah. Hy. Edwards.

It is possible that G. ridenda and G. rupta are forms of one species,
and that G. aldofascia and G. formosa forms of another, but I prefer to

as ee .

consider them as distinct until future investigation shall determine their
true position. The lower wings of the Salt Lake forms are clear white,
while those from Denver are smoky.

Orgyia leucographa Walk. (Lep. Heter. B. M., p. 1723.)

‘I have before me 7 examples of a form of Orgyiz, which to say the
least, are very extreme varieties of the common species, In the first
place, there is a marked difference in size, O. /eucostigma being much
larger than the specimen under consideration. The color is uniform
stone drab, with the lines very faintly marked, and the usual dark costo-
apical entirely obliterated in 3 of the spscimens, and only very faintly
shown in the remaining 4. The white posterior spot near the internal
angle, is also very faint in 2 specimens, stronger in 2, and quite distinct
in the other’ 3. The ground color of all however is the same, stone drab,
instead of brownish drab. Two Qs of this form are also very much
slighter and smaller than those of QO. leucostigma. Could Walker have
had this form before him when describing O. /eucographa? He must
have been well acquainted with O. /eucostigma, as on page 786, l.c., he
quotes Smith & Abbott's description, and therefore he cannot in his de-
scription of O. kucographa refer to the common form of the well known
species. However, should this surmise prove incorrect, I propose for
the present insect the varietal name of O. od/iviosa. My examples are
all from New Jersey, and are by no means faded, as 3 of them were rais-

ed from cocoons found on maple.

Apatelodes indistiacta n. sp.

Primaries of a grayish drab, tinted with reddish, the lines and marks all obsolete.
the surface dotted with black irrorations. There is near the apex a semi-transparent
square spot, with a smaller one beneath it. The fringe is reddish chestnut. The
secondaries are reddish testaceous, without marks. Underside wholly reddish fawn-
color, with a few black and brown specks, but wholly without the dark shading so
conspicuous in A. forrefacta. Thorax, color of primaries. Abdomen reddish testa-
ceous with brown dots. Expanse of wings 35 mm. Length of body 18mm. 1 <j.
Indian River, Florida. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Apatelodes torrefacta var. Floridana n. var.

In this form, which I have never seen, except from Florida, the
wings have a much redder shade, the secondaries being almost dull brick
red. The double brown spot on the internal margin near the base, is
much smaller than in the typical form, while the whitish shade on the
abdominal margin of secondaries is almost wanting. The lines are all
much fainter, the discal whitish spot, as well as that at the apex, being
much more clearly defined. Beneath, the wings are foxy red, darker at
the apex of primaries, with the bands only very faintly marked. It is
possible that we may have to do with a distinct species. Specimens are
in my own collection, and that of Mr. B. Neumoegen,

—14—

Hemileuca Maia var. Lucina n. var.

A form occuring in Maine, and probably in other of the northern
‘portions of our continent, which appears to deserve at least a varietal
name. It is intermediate between A, Mara and H. Nevadensis, having
the primrose band uniformly broad on the primaries and including the
discal ocellus, and that of secondaries always wider than in any examples
of H. Maia seen by me. This band too is of rather different shape, and
invariably reaches the posterior margin farther from the anal angle than
is the case with 47, MZava. The wings too are much more transparent
than those of the common form, and in some cases appear to be almost
denuded of scales. I have during the past summer examined upwards
of 300 specimens of 7. A/aza, many of which were raised from the egg,
but though varying considerably among themselves, in the width and
density of the band, I have seen none that I could not very readily
separate from the form now under notice. My specimens (3 ¢, 2 Q).
are all from Norway, Me., and from near Bangor, Me.

Lophodonta plumosa n. sp.

Head, thorax, palpi, and abdomen brownish gray, the latter blackish at its base.
Antennz with extremely long pectinations, giving them a plumose appearance.
Primaries brownish gray, with the nervules black. A linear discal spot surrounded
by a buff shade, a sub-marginal slightly waved line, composed of blackish spots,
between the nervules, There is a whitish cloud on the middle of the costa, and the
whole surface is thickly flecked ,with black scales. Secondaries sordid white, the ab-
dominal margin yellowish, the posterior margin distinctly dusky, the dark shade
widening at the apex. Fringe sordid white. Beneath sordid white, the costa of

primaries dusky, and the submarginal line faintly shown, Expanse of wings 45 mm.
Length of body 22mm. 1 <j. Denver, Colorado.

A very distinct and strongly marked species, unlike anything else
known to me. I place it provisionally here, the plumose antenne, and
the absence of the tuft at the internal angle of primaries, probably en-
titling it to generic rank,

Hepialus McGlashani n. sp.

Primaries yellowish fawn-color, of a brighter tint than any North Amer. species
previously known to me. From the middle of the base runs a rather broad, very
distinct, uneven silvery white line, which traverses the whole extent of the wing, and
is entire and uninterrupted throughout its whole course. It runs from its starting
point in a curve to the sub-costal nerve near the upper end of the cell, thence obliquely
to the internal margin, which it touches by a projecting tooth and thence directly to
the apex. It has in the submarginal portion a tooth on each side near the middle of
the wing, the posterior one being connected with the margin by a ~small white dash.
Near the base of the internal margin are three small white dots, and along the costa
are 6 others, the fourth of which is the largest, and is nearly connected with the for-
ward tooth of the submarginal band. The secondaries are smoky, edged rather
broadly with yellowish fawn-color. The fringes of both wings, as well as the thorax
and head are of the same shade as the ground color of the primaries. The abdomen
is pale smoky. Beneath, wholly smoky, the margins fawn-color, with a pinkish

— 15—

tinge. Expanse of wings 30 mm. Length of body 16mm. 9 examples, <j’, Q.
Truckee, Calif. (C. F. McGlashan.)

A very pretty species, in which the silvery band is in very strong
contrast with the ground color of the wing. Its nearest ally is H. Math-
ewt, Hy. Edw. (Vanc. Island) but the present species cannot be con-
founded with any other. Mr. McGlashan, who is doing good work
among the Lepidoptera of his district, and to whom I gratefully dedicate
this interesting form, writes me as follows, regarding its habits: ‘‘The
moth flits about the meadows for about 20 minutes just at dusk. Great
numbers fly then at twilight, during the latter days of August and _ first
days of September. The females seem to remain on the ground, and the
males fly swiftly about in quest of them. At 6:40 their flight begins, at
7 itis ended. ‘They are found only in grassy meadows.”

—_ _ —_——> + + ae ___.

Larval history of Spilosoma congrua, l/s.
By Gro. D. Huts.

Some few weeks since Mr. David Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., made
me a visit, and looking over my treasures identified a certain pair of
Arctude as Spilosoma congrua Wik. ‘The insect had been in my collec-
tion unidentified for 32 years. But having them now identified, I am
able to give a brief larval history, which all that time has been awaiting
a name.

On the 8th of June 1882, while walking in the beautiful park in
connection with Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., I found a pair of
Spilosoma, which, while approaching S. wrgimica in appearanee, were at
once recognized as distinct. The insects were, as I had no other means
of carrying them, at once pinned in my hat, which often serves as an
entomological box. I was called away as soon as I reached my stopping
place in the city to an ecclesiastical meeting, which was of so exciting a
nature that I forgot all about my insects until the next morning. But
then looking for them, I found that the female before dying had laid a
few eggs, which were cared for and brought with me to Brooklyn.

The eggs were laid as are the eggs of S, virginica in a mass with
something of regularity, and were pure white, not yellowish as in that
species. The larvae emerged June 15th, and resembled the larvee of .S.
wrginica, being of a dull somewhat sooty white, the hairs being long
silky and scattered, After the first moult the larvz took a form and color
which remained practically unchanged through their succeeding history,
and | give only, and that in brief, their appearance after the last moult.

iy

The head was of a deep shining black color, as were the pro-legs.
The anal legs were black above, lighter below. The body dorsally and
sub-dorsally was covered with hairs which were deep shining black,
though duller in color near base. Laterally. on each segment, wasa
spot of light tawny or reddish brown hairs, including in part at least the
spiracles, and these, often confluent, formed a lateral band. The spiracles
were black. The first larva made cocoon, which was loosely composed
of hairs, with little or no silk, July 17th. Unfortunately the pupz all
dried up, so that not one emerged. As will be seen the insect is un-
doubtedly double brooded, and passes the winter like its congeners in
the pupal state.

But there is one item of interest; Mr. Bruce has also raised the
larva, and noted the same thing. The larva is, after the first moult,
black and the hairs are even and comparatively short. The larve are in
appearance and vestiture not at all like the larvae of wrgznica or dafipennts,
but like, and indeed hardly to be distinguished from the larvae of Arctia
virgo, nats, and arge. In other words, the imago isa Sfz/osoma, the
larva is an Arcfia. Whether this will be of value in generic reference,
and what effect it will have on the validity of two genera which have now,
so far as is known, only the color of the insects to separate them, I will
leave to others to determine,

= 0. +

On some species of Anthaxia.
By C. H, Roperrts.

In the Trans. Amer. Ent. Society, Vol. X, August 1382, Dr. Horn
has given us a revision of the genus An/haxia of Buprestide.

In his opening remarks Dr. Horn speaks as follows: ‘‘In the study
of our species I have been unable to find any sexual characters like those
which have been observed in the species of Europe. On the other hand,
with an incomplete series however, I have not been able to find any of
the latter with the tarsal claws toothed as in our cyanel/a and quercata. It
will be observed that these two species differ from each other in the same
manner that wridifrons and viridicornis do, and the question has arisen
in my mind whether they are not respectively sexes of each other, the
male in each case having the rougher surface sculpture.”

Dr. Horn again calls attention to this matter further on in his
article, and urges collectors to study the habits of these species, saying
of cyvanella and quercata, ‘‘they are so often sent together, and even plac-
ed side by side, that I am inclined to suspect a closer relationship than
that of allied species, in other words may they not be sexes of one?”

—17—

While collecting in Middlesex Co., N. J., last summer, after beating
a grape vine I found the species cyanella and guercaéa both in the net.
This led to a careful search of the vine. I found the two species in large
numbers flying about in company, and after watching them for nearly
an hour was rewarded for my patience by the happy discovery of the two
in copulation.

Continuing my search upon this and other vines in the vicinity |
succeeded in capturing twenty-two pairs a@d/ copulated.

This proves Dr. Horn’s surmise to be correct, that cyanella is the
female form of guerca/a, and thus one of our prettiest species is lost to us,
as has often been the case before, by uniting its fortunes with those of a
male. I am now more strongly than ever of the opinion that the species
viridifrons and wridicornis bear this same relation to each other, and that
among the numerous aliases of @neogaster the female will be found.

It is to be hoped that other collectors, with myself, will search for
the species of Av/haxia next season, and endeavor to establish their re-
lationship to each other.

—— — —- <i> > <p + Se

: Book Notices.

In Part III of Tr. Ent. Soc. London for 1885 there is a note ‘‘On
two remarkable cases of mimicry from Elopura, British North Borneo”,
by H. J. S. Pryer; one referring to a Seswd bearing a close resemblance
to a wasp, but not more so than some others of this family, and the other
to a Cerambycid (Coloborhombus fasciatipennis Waterh.), which bears a
most remarkable resemblance to a Scola like wasp. This latter is a very
interesting and remarkable instance of protective mimicry. We have in
the American fauna several species which in flight may easily be mistaken
for wasps, notably in the north Bel/amira scalaris, but when the insects
are at rest this resemblance ceases.

In the Proceedings of the Society at the April Meeting, the following
communication deserves notice,

‘‘Mr. R. M. Christy, who was present as a visitor, read the follow-
ing note: As requested by my friend Mr. Wm. Cole, I wish to bring
ander your notice what I think will be regarded as a remarkable obvious
case of naturally protective coloring. I was in America in the autumn
of 1883, and on the 26th of August, near Carberry, Manitoba, I found
a large larva feeding ravenously on the leaves of a small bush (Lzagnus
argentea), which is so common on many of the drier parts of the prairies,
of the Canadian Northwest. A short search brought to light quite a
number of others, all feeding on the leaves of the same bush, These I

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, 8

ie

carefully kept, and in due time they entered upon the pupa stage, en-
closing themselves in hard brown pear-shaped cocoons open at one end.
Unfortunately, however, the mature insects emerged last spring (1884),
while I was again in America, with the result that I am now only able to
exhibit two very dilapidated—instead of two very handsome—specimens
of that local form or sub-species of Plafysamia columbia which is peculiar
to the prairies of the Canadian Northwest, and which has very recently
been named Platysamia columbia-nokomis by my friend Mr. Brodie, of
Toronto, in accordance with the trinomial system of nomenclature so
general across the Atlantic.

I have brought up for exhibition specimens of Lleagnus argentea.
It will be observed that the leaves are of a very peculiar pale silvery green
color, quite unlike that of the Jeaves of most other shrubs. I have also
brought for exhibition a colored drawing of the full-grown larva of the
insect, made by my friend Mr. E. T. Seton, of Toronto, It is ob-
servable that the color of the larva exactly corresponds during life
with that of the leaves of the food-plant; and, as these themselves are of
an unusual color, I think it may be regarded as an obvious case of nat-
urally protective coloring.

The total length of the larva is nearly three inches. The head is
yellow, with a few black spots; there are also four black spots on the first
segment of the body. The first three segments bear yellow clasping legs;
the next segment none; the next four bore slightly hairy legs ofa light
yellowish color; the next segment none; and the last segment a pair of
yellow legs. The body bore many protuberances of different kinds,
covered with small black spikes. A row of spines down each side of the
back. These rows were about one-fourth of an inch apart. Along each
side of the body, and separated by the space of about one-fourth of an
inch, ran two more rows of spines, the pair on the tail segment showing
a brighter blue than the rest. Below this row again there were spines
on the first five segments.”

It is interesting to know of this new variety of which we had been
hitherto ignorant; and it is equally interesting to learn that the trinomial
system is so general in America, In Entomology it has been confined
almost exclusively to gall insects, and P. columbia-nokomis is the only
lepidopterous insect so far as we can recollect, burdened with more than
one specific name—synonyms of course excluded.

The North American Chrysidide, by 5S. Frank Aaron, Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XII, pp. 209—248, pl. VI to X.

Mr. Aaron describes the new genus Diplorrhos, and a large number

of new species in the other genera of the family; giving synopses of the

species of the genera, as well as detailed descriptions. ‘The work seems

a good one, and Mr. Aaron figures the parts relied upon for specific and

generic characters.

Revision of the Californian species of Lithocharis and allied genera. By
Thos. L. Casey. Bulletin No. 5, Calif. Acad. of Sci. January 1886, pp. 40.

Mr. Casey describes 25 new species from California, of which 8 are
referred to the new genus Ca/oderma; 1 to the new genus Oligopierus, 14
to Lithocharis proper, and 2 to the new genus Me/axyodonta. The name
Trachysectus is proposed for the eastern £. confluens, the genus being
very briefly characterized. An appendix to the main paper contains the
description of the new genus Hesperobium for Cryptobium tumidum Lec. ;
a table of the genera of Paeder? with the 4th joint simple, and the de-
scription of Zhyce marginata n. sp.

On the Cynipidous Galls of Florida with descriptions of new species. By
William H. Ashmead. Tr. Amer. Fnt. Soc., XII, pp. V toTX. (Monthly Pro-
ceedings) 1886.

Studies on North American Chalcididze with descriptions of new species
from Florida. By William H. Ashmead, l.c., pp. X to XIX. 1886.

In the latter paper Mr. Ashmead describes Chalcis flavipes n. sp.; but
as there is already a species of that name by Panzer, the name must fall,
and we propose fa/lipes as a substitute. He also describes Decatoma
flavicollis, which name is pre-occupied by Walker in the same genus; for
this species we propose the name floriduna. He also speaks of the genus
Euplectus—it should be Euplectrus. The error is a small one and would
not be noticed but for the fact that there isa coleopterous genus Luplectus,
and it is possible to lead to some confusion if the correction be not made.
Second Report on the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New

York. By J. A.Lintner, State Entomologist. Albany. Weed, Parsons & Co,
1885. 39%. pp. 265. ff. 68.

Prof. Lintner has given us in this report another sample of complete
and careful work. Fortunately there was no new pest that required
special attention, and the report is made up largely of complete histories
of some of the known pests, that for one reason or the other required
attention. The Report is very completely indexed, and there is an
appendix, containing among other matters a list of papers published by
Prof, Lintner during 1882 and 1883. The great majority are in Agri-
cultura] papers not usually seen by Entomologists and the list is there-
fore a useful one.

a

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. March 2, 1886. — Fifteen members
present, the president in the chair. The Editor for Vol. I, Ent. Am. presented
his report, as follows:

ee
Disbursements for Printing and Distributing, - - - $502.04
Cash received from Publications, S - : - $899.65
Cash from B. Neumoegen, - - - - - - 91.00
Deficit paid by Society, - - - - - - 11.39— $502.04

Mr. Smith was then elected Editor for Vol. II, and Rev. Geo. D. Hulst was
elected Assistant Editor. My. C. H. Roberts read a note on Anthawia cyanella and
quercata.* Mr. Smith noted that it was not at all an unusual thing for sexes of
one form to be described as distinct species where the sexual characters were

obseure or unknown. He had in the Apions based one section of the genus up-.

on the presence of a femoral tubercle on the anterior legs. It has since been
proven beyond reasonable doubt that this is a sexual character, and the four
species so distinguished are d'S of four other species in the succeeding group.
Mr. Angell exhibited a species of Anthaxia from Florida which seemed undes-
eribed. Mr, Smith noted the fact that in the genera of Bombyces grouped in Mr.
Grote’s recent list as Aftaci, Ceratocampide and part of those in the Semileucini
the antenne had two pectinations to each joint, and he proposed to separate this
sroup from the rest of the Bombyces which had only one branch to each joint
under the family term Saturniide. The group is divisible into two sub-families:
Attacince with the branches extending to the tip, and Ceratocampine in which
they end abruptly about one-third from tip. Some of these species have also 10
veins to the primaries, instead of 12 as is usual.

Mr. Hulst spoke of some of the results of his studies in the Geometride,
stating that there would have to be a considerable change in the arrangement of
species, based on venational characters discovered by him. Mr. Hulst and Mr.
Smith discussed the range of variation in venation, at some length.

Mr. Leng as curator presented to the Society a scheme for the arrangement
of Lepidoptera, particularly looking to a gathering of all the information in re-
_gard to the local fauna that was obtainable.

Entomological Society of Washington. March 4, 1886. Mr. H. F. Riley,
“was elected a member of the Society. Mr. Howard exhibited specimens of a
Chaleid bred from the galls of Cynips q.—saltatoris Eds. The Chalcid is new to
science and has to form a new genus.

Mr. Howard remarked on the fungus connected with the ‘‘Die-back” disease
of the Orange tree. The fungus has recently been supposed by Botanists to
grow exclusively on the scales of Coccidz.

Mr. Smith illustrated the differences in the antennz of some Bombycide,
especially describing the structure of these organs in the Saturniide; character—
izing the family, as well as the subfamilies Aftacince and Ceratocampine.

Dr. Marx exhibited a careful drawing of Thelyphonus giganteus and spoke
on the structural and physiological characters of this whip-scorpion. Contrary

to the statements of authors, this insect has 12 eyes instead of 8, there being _

5 on each side close together, two very small, and two in front. He also states

that 7. excubitor Girard, is the <' of T. giganteus, and described the differences. »
between the sexes. In the discussion following this paper Mr. Pergande des- .
cribed the habits of Thelyphonus in digging its burrows and catching its prey as

observed in a living specimen kept in a glass jar.
Mr. Schwarz stated that Rhyncolus corticalis Boheman, belongs to the genus

Allomimus and is vlosely allied to but specifically different from, A. dubius Horn. *—

Mr. Schwarz remarked upon the apparent scarcity of the male in Gnathotri-
chus materiarius Fitch. He had never seen a male although a great many speci-
mens of this common species were examined.

* Published ante p. 16.

4
‘
7
7

VOL. [1 BROOKLYN, MAY, 1886. NO. 2.

On Hemerobius (Psectra) dipterus Aurm. and
H. delicatulus A. ich.

By Dr. H. AV Hacen.

Prof, Burmeister first described in 1839, Hdb. II, p. 973, No. 1,
the interesting Hemerobius dipterus. The specimen collected near Leip-
zig, Saxony, by Prof. Schwagrichen in the Museum in Halle, is a male
with rudimentary hind wings. A second specimen from the same locality
in brof. Kunze’s collection had been destroyed. The description of the
venation by Burmeister is detailed. He remarks that this species is re-
lated to Hemerodius, similarly as Alantispa notha to Mantispa. 1 may
remark that the abdomen of //. dipterus male, in dry well preserved
specimens, has just the same appearance by alternately knotty swellings
as M. notha in Erichson’s figure VI, b.

The first specimen, which I have seen in the Museum at Berlin, in
1849, was collected the summer before by Dr. Erichson in the Botanical
Garden at Halle. Prof. Burmeister who happened to be present in the
Museum, identified this specimen as 47. dipkrus. It is also a male.
Walker, Catal. of the Neuropt. Ins. in the Brit. Museum, 1852, pt. III,
p. 298, has only repeated Burmeister’s diagnosis.

Mr. J. C. Dale had collected a male specimen from a_hazelbush
outside of Breach Wood, near Langport, Somersetshire, June 26, 1843.
The Proe. of the Ent. Soc. London, March 6, 1854, (reprinted Zoologist
Vol. XII, p. 4273) first announced this remarkable discovery, and Mr.
John Curtis has given in the Trans. Ent. Soc., Ser. 2, vol. III, p. 56, a
short description of the species. ‘The same specimen is redescribed by
R. M’Lachlan, 1866, and figured in his Monogr. British Neur. Plani-
pennia, I am not aware of the capture of another specimen in England.

The late Mr, Bremi-Wolf in Ziirich sent to me the Hemerobide

‘"—22—

collected by him in Switzerland for identification in 1852. For
greater surety | submitted them also to Dr. Schneider in Breslau, then
the best authority for this family. There were in Bremi’s collection 19
species (two not sent) and all but three with collection names. The 17
before me belonged to 12 species, all published. In my publication of
Bremi's species, Stett.-Ent. Zeit. 1865, p. 230, 3 specimens only are
mentioned, the types of which were in my collection. The other g are
HT, nervosus, hirtus, phaleratus, pygmaeus, limbatus, humuli, diplerus,
nilidulus, paganus.

For 7. diplerus (niger Bremi in my synopsis), represented by a bad
specimen of the female, Bremi remarks: rare near Kaltenbad on the Rigi.

Dr. Schneider remarked; it is undoubtedly Burmeister’s species,
but I can not assure the sexes, as the specimen does not allow me to
recognize them. As after analogy of Boreus and many Lepidoptera the
aborted wings are to be found on the female, this specimen should be a
male. I can not make out now if A. dipferus has been found later in
Switzerland and quoted in local catalogues. At least Bremi’s specimen
was the first known with well developed hind wings.

A few years later I received from the late Mr. Motschulsky a speci-
men with well developed hind wings, mentioned by me among the
Russian Neuroptera, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1858, p. 130 as Micromus diplerus
and by. an errorasa male. The genitals could not be studied as the
specimen is glued with the folded wings on mica. The locality is given
Jekatarinoslaf, because a small pink lable with R.m. is on the pin. The
abbreviated locality could be as well Jekatarinburg (on the Asiatic side
of the Ural) but the insects of this locality have in Motschultsky’s col-
lection always the label R.m. or. The specimen is still before me and it
is the second with developed hind wings seen by me.

In 1857 I discovered and named in the collection of the late Dr.
Stein in Berlin, two males and one female in excellent condition, all
collected by him near Berlin. The specimens are now in the Berlin
Museum.

In 1865, Mr. G. Kiinow in K6nigsberg, by beating the grass on a
cemetery behind the observatory, collected, August 22, two males. Both
are in excellent condition and are in my collection. The genitals are
visible; a lancet-shaped horizontal blade and the parts below it make it
sure that these specimens with undeveloped hind wings are males, Only
two years ago Mr. Kiinow collected also the female in the same place,
of which I possess the two wings of one side in a microscopical slide.

In the Hemerobid. synops, synonym., Stett. Ent. Zeit, 1866,
p. 376, after the study of 6 males and 3 females which I had the chance
to examine of this rare species I established for it the genus Psecfra,

Mr. R. M’Lachlan in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1868, in his monograph of
the British Planipennia described the male out of the collection of Mr.
Dale p. 170 and figured it on pl. IX. He has first pointed out the generic
characters.

In Ent. M. Mag. 1879, p. 95, M’Lachlan records a short winged
specimen (now in his collection) from Strasbourg, collected by Mr. F.
Reiber. He had seen a specimen from Holland, sent by Mr. H. Albarda,
with developed hind wings, in which the abdominal formation did not
appear to differ from that of the dipterous specimens. ‘Thus, he re-
marks, the following problems remain to be solved: 1, are the dipterous
and complete individuals of opposite sexes, and if so which are males and
which females? 2, has the same sex occasionally developed hind wings,
although usually dipterous? 3, do the two forms pertain to distinct
species?

In C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1882, No. 17, p. 77, M’Lachlan records
a dipterous specimen in the Museum R. at Bruxelles from Pavia by Mr.
Bertolini. The species was not before known from Italy.

Pastor Wallengren in his Skandinaviens Neuroptera Planipennia,
Kgl. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., T. IX, No. 8, 1871, gives a very full
account of the genus and the species. He could compare 3 specimens,
male and female, and collected by himself in July near Farhuld, N, W.
Scone, and 2 in the Stockholm Museum collected near this city by Prof.
Boheman. The female is here first described. The author could not
make a study of the genitals and accepts the common view that the
dipterous specimens are males. His descriptions are very detailed and
excellent.

Mr. H. Albarda, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol, XVII, 1874, Versl. p. 15
to 19, gives a full account of all published on H. dpierus. He could
study 4 specimens, 3 males and 1 female. Two males collected‘by Mr.
Six in Driebergen, Holland, (recorded as long ago as 1858 in the same
Tijdschr. Vol. 1, Versl. p. 12 and 39) now in the Museum in Leyden;
one collected by Mr. Evarts in Salzbourg, Austria and one collected by
Dr. van Hasset near Utrecht. The two last specimens. are now in Mr.
Albarda’s collection. The specimen from Utrecht has well developed
hind wings and agrees perfectly with Mr. Wallengren’s description. Mr.
Albarda believes (I think his magnified figures are not published) that
two forms exist, and that all four specimens seen by him are females.
The specimen with well developed hind wings has the fore wings longer,
and the transversals placed differently; he could not find in the dipterous
specimens the hooked anal appendages so remarkable for Hemerobius.

This, as far as I know, is all that is published on Z, differus from
Europe. There are 20 specimens present in collections, of which I have

—Ji—e

seen half; 6 are specimens with developed hind wings, 4 seen by me;
14 are dipterous specimens, 6 seen by me. ‘The 20 specimens are from
14 different localities, and besides those, Dr. Brauer, Neuropteren
Suropas, 1876, p. 29, quotes Irkutzk, Sibiria.

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIMENS.

Dr. Packard in Proc. Boston S.N.H., 1870, t. 13, p. 407, mention-
ed the capture of a dipterous specimen of Psectra diptera in Brunswick,
Maine, Sept. 16th. When Dr. Packard showed it to me, I recognized
directly my old European acquaintance, though my collection was still
in Europe. Dr. Packard notes that the specimen agrees perfectly well
with Mr. M’Lachlan’s description and perfectly well with his figure,
though the abdomen is blunt and rounded. The type is perhaps de-
stroyed, at least up to the present I can not find it among the insects of
the Salem Academy.

I am responsible for the locality Siberia given by Dr. Packard: it
should have been S. Russia,

The second specimen, collected near Detroit, Michigan, May 25,
1874, bv Mr. H. G. Hubbard is dipterous; the abdomen in bad con-
dition,

The third specimen was collected in the Blue Hills, near Boston,
Mass., June 1875, by the late Mr. Morrison. It has well developed hind
wings; abdomen wanting. Both are in my collection.

When I was able last spring to acquire the types of the late Asa
Fitch, I was much surprised to find that his 77. de/ica/ulus, Report I, 1885,
p. 96, is a specimen of Psecira diptera with well developed hind wings. It
was swept from the grass of Prairies in Illinois, October 1, (A. F.). The
specimen was covered with mould, but could be cleaned so as to be per-
fectly recognizable; the abdomen is in bad condition.

The identification with the European species has been made with
care. ‘There is only one difference. ‘The hind wing of the female from
KOnigsberg has the sector beginning from the first bifurcation blackish
to the margin, as described by Mr, Wallengren; the female from Boston
not, except that the small furcations on the apical margin are brownish.
The type of A. Fitch has the hind wings rolled together with the ab-
domen, but the sector though somewhat darker than in the female from
Boston is not blackish. ‘The female from Russia is in very unlucky
position, but as far as I can see the sector is not blackish. The material
before me does not allow me to go farther. Concerning the genital parts
I can decidedly affirm, that the two dipterous specimens from K6nigs-
berg are males. ‘The specimen from Russia shows a differently pointed
end of the abdomen.

—25—

Description of Gasteracantha rufospinosa.
By Gro. Marx, M.D.

Although there are
over 170 ‘species’ of
Gasteracantha at present
known and_ described.
from all parts of the
globe: and several species
are quite common in the
UL S.5. theres are Souihy
two males known for the
170 females. One is that
of Gast. parvula, describ-
ed by Thorell, the other
that of Gast Rogersit,

a. 3 enlarged g times. b. cephalothorax of same. described by Cambridge,
ec. palpus. d. QO enlarged 2 times. e. cephalothorax f fri x
of same. f. in natural prop rion to Q. rom Africa.

I received through the kindness of Mr. H. G. Hubbard of Crescent
City, Fla., a female in alcohol (fig. d) with the notice to examine the
ventral side and see if the little black spider, closely adhering to it, was
a young one, or the long looked for, male. It was difficult to separate
the two specimens, as the little one had securely fastened itself with the
aid of several strong threads upon the rugose surface of the venter of the
larger one. On examination it proved to be the male (fig. a).

This was interesting fer se, but more remarkable is the great differ-
ence in the structure between the two sexes and especially in the cephalo-
thorax.

We need not wonder that in the male all spinous processes of the
abdomen are wanting, for such is also the case in the 4 species of Acro-
soma, indigenous to the U.S; but there is generally a certain similarity
preserved in the structure of both sexes, even if the cepha’x in the {is
often larger and its pars cepha. higher. .

Now in Gusteracantha the cepha’x of the male is on an entirely
different plan for it is here drawn out into a pointed projection over the
mandibles, the highest point being at the base of the p. ceph. (fig. b),
while in the Q it is at the vertex of the cepha’x—the lateral eyes are re-
moved far behind the posterior middle eyes.

The fact that the male was found fastened to the underside of the Y
suggests that it might perhaps make its abode there for the whole period
of sexual intercourse or even longer, and it would be of great interest, if
the readers who reside in the Southern States would study the habits of
this spider and make known the result.

a

DES CRP TION. .

Male: Cephalothorax long I mm,, broad 0.8. Abdomen long 1.5, broad 1 8 mm,

Cepha’x blackish brown, finely granulated. Pars thoracica covered by abdomen; —
pars cephalica distinct, semi-globose, drawn out into a beak-like projection ‘over the
mandibles.

Eyes. A.M.E. largest, close to margin of clypeus. Square between the 4 M.E.
longer than broad, narrower between P.M.E.; L.E. contizuous, on the side of cepha’x,
much behind the P.M. E,

Abdomen semi-circular in front, sides straight, sloping toward the apex which is
squarely cut. Near the posierior border is a ridge which runs parallel with it and
which forms a break in the plane abdominal plate. Dark brown. At margin 10
fovez or sigillae, 8 of which are at the semi-circular front and two behind. 4 foveze
in centre of abdominal plate; the 2 anterior ones close together, the posterior farther
separated than from the anterior. No spines. Abdominal plate with a narrow white
margin and larger white spots between foveze; a large white mark between central
foveze. Underside of abdomen black, rugose, conical toward the centrally located
spinerets.

Legs 1 and 2 stout, femur brown, rest of joints testateous with brown bands at
their extremities 3d pair very small, 4th pair long and slender and coloyed like 1
and 2.

Palpus short, black, tibial joint with a hook externally, tarsal part broad, spcon-
shaped, fig. c.

Female: Cepha’x long 3.3, broad 3. Abdomen long 5.5, broad 9. Breadth
with the spines 13 mm. Legs I, 8.8, II, 8.6, III, 6, IV, 9.3 mm.

Cepha’« square and broad in front, rising suddenly, descending abruptly to pars
thoracica; a little longer than broad, of a glossy black color rarely brownish, and
scantily covered with thin white hairs. Hyes small, black; the lateral, contiguous.
Mandibles vertical, stout and very prominently convex at the base, glossy black and
hairy. Mawillee short, broader than long, rounded at tip; black with a lighter margin
on inner side. Labiwm triangular, rounded, very short, black. Stermwm emarginate
at margin, with a vertical spinous elevation between coxz IV; glossy black. Palpi
black with orange colored rings on all joints. Abdomen elliptic, of bright lemon
color. Six spines; four lateral, two posterior. First lateral pair smallest, second as
long as posterior pair. This pair is placed upon a common base which is a little
below posterior margin of abdominal shield. All spines are of a bright scarlet color
with a darker tip and are clothed with a short and robust pubescence, each hair
standing upon a little tubercle. The sigillae or fovew are oval and of a dark reddish
brown color. Ten of these are placed on the anterior margin of the abdomen, reach-
ing around from the base of one anterior lateral spine to the corresponding one at the
other side—and nine are placed from the one posterior lateral spine around the
posterior margin of the abdomen to the other p. lateral spine. In the centre of the
abdominal shield are four sigillee placed in a trapez, narrower in front. The hard
black surface of the underside of the abdomen is interrupted by about six impressed
lines, and is maculate with irregular orange colored spots, scattered over the whole
region, Vulva an oval, convex, very glossy, and deep orange colored tubercle
without any apparent orifice. Legs black, with orange colored rings on tibia, meta-
tarsus and tarsus.

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.

(Continued from p. 136, vol. 1.)

OBRIINI.

This tribe contains only small species, distinguished by the front .
cox being more prominent than usual, sometimes nearly conical and
frequently contiguous, but completely inclosed behind. Following the
“Classification” the genera are arranged as follows:

Hiyes variable, abdomen Q deformed ..........-. 24-5 sees eee eee e ee eee ee PET
Eyes finely granulate, elytra more or less subulate or ee Jeeta ea oaeere 2
1.—Palpi with last joint broadly triangular... ........--.++ +++. Poecilobrium.
Palpi slightly dilated, tarsi tumid (or evolleut BPR ate ae Nene ase bact .Eumichthus.

Palpi not dilated, last joint cylindrical;
Eyes coarsely granulate;

Protonix much mearrowed behind) ;..’....qkeemeterinctys ase ascites matter Phyton.

Prothorax equally narrowed before and behind, tuberculate at sides.......

Obrium.

Eyes very finely granulated; prothorax with lateral and dorsal tubercles;

IRUMGHIneS Amen iy IME bales SPALSe’. . |... gersenesteere mele ieiresenesa ries Hybodera.
Punctures coarse, flying hairs long and numerous;

IMES GS ECRIIUIA WAC Giaryl fcr tercrstarc, -\.° +. - aleteneietetenetete vate efto(s infaieinie etch els Callimus.

MeSOSteDnU lm ALOVGNeyse/ perc. |> < « « » eieeeeremern eects icra iarer: Megobrium.

Pe eivira elongate and subulate.......... cece) ies meeiee ce ven eee Callimoxys.

Elytra short, dehiscent and separately rounded at tip........... Eee Molorchus.

POECILOBRIUM, Horn.

Contains one species described by Dr. Leconte as a Cadlimus. It is
a small highly polished blue species with elytra sparsely punctured and
thighs sometimes yellow. The prosternum is sparsely punctured, the
abdomen nearly smooth.

P, chalybaeum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 189. Length .24 in. = 6 mm.
Hab.* California.

EUMICHTHUS Lec.

A small species from Vancouver, dark brown, finely punctured and
pubescent, with two narrow cinereous elytral bands, between which the
color is darker. It has a resemblance from the arrangement of bands to
C. decussatus. The elytra are marked near the base with a few large
scattered punctures from which proceed long black flying hairs. The
first two joints of tarsi are swollen,

* 7 am indebted to Mr. Samuel Henshaw of Boston for his kind assistance in re-
vising the lists of habitats which would have been far less complete without his aid.

2

E. oedipus Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 190. Length .20 inch. =5 mm, Hab.
Vancouver’s Island.

PHYTON, Newn.

Contains two small shining testaceous species with elytra unusually
prettily marked with darker lines. The prothorax is constricted before
and behind, considerably dilated at sides before the middle and strongly
narrowed behind.

P. pallidum Say. J.A.P., III, 1823, p. 412; Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, p.
42; Lec. J.A.P., sec. 2, II, p. 22; lepidum Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 358; linwm Newn.,
Ent., p. 18; nitidum Knoch in litt. Length .21 in. = 5 mm. Hab. Atlantic and
Gulf States, Ark.

In this species the thorax bears three fuscous lines and each elytron
four fuscous lines becoming paler at the suture where the pairs form
angles (Vol: I). Pl. lll, fig. 159

P, discoideum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 190. Length .24 in. = 6mm.
Hab. Cape San Lucas.

The thorax is without markings and the elytra bear a large fuscous

cloud enclosing a round pale spot common to both elytra.

OBRIUM, Serv.
Contains two species resembling the preceding but differing as
stated in tableabove. The elytra and general color beneath are rufo-
testaceous and the surface is punctate and sparsely pubescent.

[lead and thorax piceous, coarsely and closely punctate, elytra pale reddish brown,

Weny CIStan Ly UMC TALE se hae) oie ace ac MRNERE clo te i>. =» akav ete ah eee ree rubidum.
Body uniformly rufo-testaceous, thorax not closely punctate, elytra more closely
punctate (Voltl; (Pl Cig. 16)r Suen. =. so secrete eater rubrum.

@rubidum) Wec) J-A-Pi, sec: 2yallrs50, ‘p. 22." Lenoth bun" ——ommie
Hab. Penn., Atlantic States.

O. rubrum Newn. Ent. Mo. Mag., V, 1838, p. 393. Length .25 in. = 6 mm.
Hab, N.Y., Miss., Ohio, Pa., Atlantic States, Canada West.

HYBODERA Lec.

Contains two species of moderate size, distinguished from the suc-
ceeding by the finer punctures, The thighs are strongly clubbed; the
antennz slender with scape as longas 2d & 3d jointsand joints 3-5 gradu-
ally increasing in length. The prothorax is strongly constricted in front,
less behind, and the base is as wide as apex; the sides are obtusely angu-
lated and the disk bears four tubercles arranged in a square. ‘They may
be known as follows:

Larger species, thoracic tubercles very prominent............. .. ...,tuberculata.
sunaller, thoracic tubercles feebly ‘develigped 2 9)... 1. 2.1 com ee eee debilis.

H. tuberculata Lec. $.M.C., No. 264, p. 191. Length .36 in. =9 mm. Hab.
Oregon, Vance. (Vol. I, Pl. III, f. 17.)

—29—

Color piceous, the elytra with a vague cinereous blotch at base and
a broad band behind the middle, seen perfectly in well preserved speci-
mens only. (PI. II1, Vol. I, fig. 17.)

H. debilis Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p. 66. Length .24 in. = 6 mm.

Hab. California.
The color is again piceous and the markings consist of an oblique

silvery patch at base and a transverse band behind the middle. This
may be only a poorly developed /uerculata but the absence of large
series prevents the synonymy being perfectly established.

CALLIMUS Muls.

Contains two species resembling the European genus Carfallum in
form but having the last joint of the palpi cylindrical and the meso—
sternum very wide and truncate. The hind tibize are somewhat curved.
The species were described by Dr. Leconte under the generic name
Pilema but do not differ from Ce//imus and are therefore referred to that
genus,

C. ruficolle Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 192. Length .32 to .36 in. = 8 to 9 mm.
Hab. California.

Opaque black; thorax shining red, punctured, tuberculate and
carinate, basal margin black; elytra flat, punctured and with the sutural
angle prominent.

C. cyanipenne Lec. l.c. p. 192. Length .28 to.30in. =7to8 mm. Hab.
California.

Flavo-ferruginous; thorax, Q red, (j\ black; head, antenna, apex
of femora, tibize and tarsi black; elytra blue, flat and punctured.

MEGOBRIUM Lec.

M. Edwardsii Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .50 in. = 12,5 mm.
Hab. California.

A species larger than the preceding but resembling them in form.
Palpi oval, mesosternum narrow, prothorax longer, lateral tubercle much
larger and obtuse. Color testaceous. Elytral punctures few, arranged
in three lines extending from base to a little behind the middle witha
few scattered outside of these lines. The elytra bear an angulated pale
band in front of the middle and a few nebulosities behind. (PI. III,
Mok I, fig; 78)
CALLIMOXYS Kraatz.

Contains two species readily distinguished from others of the group
by the subulate elytra, The thorax of G is more or less red in both
species, ‘The color is black except the hind legs which are yellow, the
club of the femora only being black. The elytra are somewhat variable,
generally brownish with darker margin, and punctured, The species are

Entomologica Americana, Vol, II, 5 May 1886.

difficult to separate and Dr. Horn has kindly communicated the follow-
ing table to us:
Abdomen" almost labrous sc joie cies een ne MEM eel lett afetros eye ists «nla sanguinicollis.
Abdomen rather densely clothed with cinereous, slightly yellow pubescence.........
fuscipennis.
C, sanguinicollis Oliv. Ent. 1V, 74, p. 9, t. 1, fig. 7; Chev. Ann. Fr., 1862,
p. 257 (Pl. III, fig. 19). Length .g4oin. =10mm, Hab. U.S., east of Rocky Mts.
C. fuscipennis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1861, p. 356. Length .40 in. = 10 mm.
Hab, California.
MOLORCHUS Fab.

Contains two species with very short elytra, dehiscent and separately
rounded at tip. The color is blackish except the elytra which are more
or less testaceous. ‘The variability in their coloration has given rise to a
considerable synonymy.

SYNOPSIS.
Prothorax narrower, angulated at sides; elytra testaceous............. longicollis.
Prothorax broader, rounded at sides; elytra more or less blackish at tip and margin...

bimaculatus.
M. longicollis Lec. 5.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .32 in. =8 mm. Hab.
California,
M. bimaculatus Say, J.A.P., III, 1823, p. 428; Newn. Ent., p. 20; affinis
ecAnn: leye:, 1, p. 172, ts 015, fr2sjmouseurus Lec. Ji2AlPsyserer2aullemipeeite
Length .20 to .32 in. =5to8mm. Hab. U.S., except Pacific Slope.

M. corni Hald., Trans. Am. Phil., X, 1847, p. 45; Lec. J.A.P., ser.
2, Il, p. 21, is a variety with the thorax rufous, found in North Carolina
and Alabama upon the flowers of Cornus.

M. semiustus Newn. Ent. p. 19; Lec. J.A P., ser. 2, II, p. 38, isa
variety of AZ, dimaculatus with the greater portion of the surface rufo-
testaceous (Pl. III, Vol. I, fig. 20). It occurs at St. John’s Bluff, E. Fla.

RHOPALOPHORINI.
RHOPALOPHORA Serv.

This, the only genus of the tribe, contains three species, all slender
blackish gray insects with prothorax more or less red. ‘The head is
elongate, eyes finely granulate, antennz slender with 4th joint shorter
than 3d and 5th. ‘Thorax variable in form and sculpture. ‘ Elytra
punctate, flat, suddenly declivous at base. Legs very long and slender,
thighs suddenly and strongly clubbed at tip, 1st joint of hind tarsi twice
as long as 2d.

SYNOPSIS OF RHOPALOPHORA.

PHO AK MOO PUNELUTED.. {2.0150 as bh Sole sialon eat ntel tele) ois ica ee een leevicollis.
‘Thorax punctured.
(horaxiproader; strongly bi-impressede serrciaeaiee ccete> oe ie aie ener longipes.

‘Thorax narrower, transversely plicate and rugose................+-.. rugicollis.

—2[—

R. levicollis Lec. 5.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .48 in. = 12 mm. Hab.
Texas and New Mex.

Larger than any other species in our fauna and easily known by
the impunctured thorax, which is distinctly constricted on the side
at base.

Ie. longipes Say, J.A.P., VII, 1823, ps426; Lec. J-A.P.; ser. 2, 1, pw 20;
Proc. Ac. Phil., VU, 1854, p. 218; amabilis Dej. Cat. 3d ed., p. 359; porosa White
Longic, VIII, 2, p. 206. Length .3oin. = 7.5 mm. Hab. Col., Penn., Kans.,
Mo., Neb.

The elytra are sometimes armed at tip, }

R. rugicollis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1858, p. 83. Length .38 in. = 9.5 mm.
Hab. Texas.

Distinguished from preceding by the form and sculpture of the
thorax.

ANCYLOCERINI.
ANCYLOCERA Serv.

This, also the only genus of the tribe contains a single species, a
very dainty insect, black with scarlet elytra and abdomen and _ the long
slender legs and clubbed thighs which make the preceding genus con-
spicuous. The body is slender, head short and prothorax very long
compared with the cylindrical elytra. The antennz are serrate, more
noticeably the inner joints, 2 as long as the body in Q, and longer than
same in ¢'. The hind pair of thighs is armed with a terminal spine.

A. bicolor Oliv. Ent. IV, 1795, 68, p. 32, t. 3, f. 25; Casteln. Hist. Nat. II,
P- 431; rugicollis Fab. Syst. El., I, p. 317; Lacord. Gen. Atl. X, t. 93, f. 5; Lec.
J.A.P., ser. 2, I, 1850, p. 19; lividipennis Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, 1847, p. 44.

Length .50 to .7o in. = 12.5 to 13mm. Hab. Southern States from North
Carolina to Texas. (PI. III, fig. 22, Vol. I.)

PARISTEMIINI.

The characters separating this tribe will be found in the arrangement
of tribes, Bull. Br. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 114, or more fully discussed in
the Classification p. 294. Two genera are known as under:

Antenne short, serrate, 11th joint appendiculate.... ............... Elytroleptus.
Antenne longer, slender, t1th joint simple........... Pe ayaa sitelots ...Holopleura,
ELYTROLEPTUS Duges.

Contains five species formerly known under the generic name
Preroplatus. The peculiar form of the elytra shown in the figure (PI. J,
fig. 1) at once distinguishes the genus and the species may be distinguish-
ed by the following

SYNOPSIS OF ELYTROLEPTUS.
Black, elytra black with outer margin broadly fulvous.................. floridanus,
nC ereLy tra REGGISMVENOW as. 25 cn» sR UE detects cithisiclOs cc sick rufipennis,

Scarlet, elytra scarlet with apical fourth black...............0:e ee eeeees apicalis.
Searlet, elytra all scarlet... co. <i. oie 5 oko MMMMMEMEMNTS «i= 2x nl) yo ele sv vip eter ignitus.
Ferruginous, posterior half of elytra black ...............- ee eeeer eee eee divisus.

E. floridanus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1862, p. 38. Length .37 in. =9 mm.
Hab. Florida.

E. divisus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, p. 23. Length .36 in. = 9 mm.
Hab. Texas,

E. rufipennis Lec., l.c. Length .44 to .52 in. = 11 to13 mm, Hab. Ariz.,
N. Mex.

E. apicalis Lec., l.c. Length .44 to.68in.=11to17 mm. Hab, Arizona.

E. ignitus Lec., l.c. Length .44 to.52 in. =11to13 mm. Hab. Arizona.

A full description of the last four species will be found in Dr.
Leconte’s posthumus writings, cited above, together with notes by Dr.
Horm. The exact value of these species is somewhat doubtful and it
will require more material to settle the point than is yet accessible.

HOLOPLEURA Lec.

Contains only one species, but that is among the daintiest of the
smaller Longicorns. The color of trunk, antenne, and legs ‘is black;
thorax and elytra reddish, sometimes very bright scarlet and always more
or less ornamented with blackish spots and vittee, more distinct in the
male (Pl. I, fig. 2).

H. marginata Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 194; Helena Q Lec., lic.
Length .32 to .36 in. =8tog mm, Hab. California.

ROSALIA Serv.

R, funebris Mots. Bull. Mosc., 1845, I, p. 87, t. 2, f.8; Lec. Ent. Rept.,
1857, p-.01, t2,-¢. 11; alpina Lec. J.A-P.,ysen, 2, Il, 1852, p. 177. Lencthame
1.5 in. = 25 to 40mm. Hab. Pacific Coast to Sitka.

The remarkable black-white coloration of this insect distinguishes it
very easily. It is the only representative of the tribe Rosaliini (Pl. J
fig 3).

,

EVANDA Thons. |

E. xanthomelas Guer. included in Austin’s Supplement to Crotch’s
Check List has not been found within our faunal limits and is to be
dropped therefore from our lists,

(To be continued, )*

>—$_—_—_—

TO OUR READERS.

In accordance with our custom, the first two numbers are sent to
all our old subscribers. No. 3 and the future numbers will be sent only
to those who send in their subscriptions to this volume.

* The plate to this paper will be given with the next number.

A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous Family
. Chalcididae.
By L. O. Howarp
(Continued from page 219 of Vol. I.)
Subfamily PTEROMALINAE.
SYNOPSIS OF TRIBES.
Posterior tibize 2-spurred.

Parapsides of mesoscutum discernible, or indicated anteriorly.
Abdomen with a more or less distinct petiole, usually long; parapsides discernible

AMLETIONLyAOG COMPletersc)s sister. «+ = seteteteteteteyer ster Tribe Mischogastrides.
Abdomen almost sessile; parapsides complete............ Tribe Cleonymides.
Parapsides of mesoscutum not at all discernible....... ... Tribe Colotrechnides.

Posterior tibize 1-spurred.*
Anterior femora enlarged............ Be oo noudaonoene Tribe Chiropachides.
Anterior femora not enlarged.

Head very large, broad, excavated in front, with two acute tubercles on each
eer otal ecco? Tribe Caratomides.
Head not especially large.

Clypeus in the middle at apex acutely 2-dentate; marginal vein of fore wings
oltenm thickened)... ; jis ose REC . Tribe Sphegigastrides.
Clypeus not 2-dentate. Marginal vein not at all or very slightly thickened.
Wings with a long marginal vein, short stigmal and almost no club........
Tribe Diparides.
«| 5.0.5 Sa ROS Rte eshte Tribe Pteromalides.

Tribe MISCHOGASTRIDES.

Mesoscutar parapsides plainly discernible.
Collar not separated.

Club always quite pronounced

Dorsum convex; parapsides convex.
Petiole short, or moderately so; left mandible 3-dentate.
Petiole rugose or smooth; ,j' trophi normal

Genus Lamprotatus Weal ood.
Petiole punctate, sub-depressed; wings with a very large club.
Dorsum sericeus-punctate; (j' trophi normal .......................

*Genus Gitognathus Thomson.
Dorsum squamous-punctate; <j’ trophi normal

*Genus Stictomischus Thomson.
Petiole very short; both mandibles 3-dentate; club small

*Genus Seladerma Walker.
Petiole long; both mandibles 4-dentate; club large

Genus Mischogaster Walker.
Dorsum of mesonotum much flatter; parapsidal sutures not deep, posteriorly
delicate but complete.

Metathorax rugose; ¢f' antenne sub-clavate .*Genus Megorismus Walker.

* Sometimes 2-spurred in the Chiropachides in which case the fore wings are
transversely banded with brown. (See synopsis of this Tribe.) Also 2-spurred in
the genus Dimachus of the Tribe Pteromalides.

Thorax short; ‘scutellar’ firrowsMalmostustraicht:) 2° Sis a. 6 leer ee
*Genus Ormocerus Walker.
Collar separated; parapsides not convex penole short... 0. ls) - 2-1 -)o) eee

*Genus Toxeuma Walker.
Mesoscutar parapsides not plainly separated; antennze with a long scape.
Marginal and postmarginal veins long; ¢' trophi abnormal...................-+
*Genus Halticoptera Spinola.
Marginal and submarginal veins not long; -{ trophi normal. ...........-..--+-
*Genus Dicyclus Walker.
Tribe CLEONYMIDES.

Eyes hairy; labrum conspicuous; mandibles rather weak; ring joints of the antenna

large.
acivannetall ie. seyeien gate ieltelel= clay ae Bis cee *Genus Cleonymus Latreille.
Body scarcely metallic; abdomen sub-rotund; antennz clavate..................

“Genus Micradelus Walker.
Eyes smooth; labrum hidden; mandibles strong; the left 3- and the right 4-dentate.
Scutellar frenum with transverse impressions; head with rounded, convex cheeks...
*Genus Trigonoderus Westwood.
Not so; head triangular, narrow anteriorly.
ReeN DG OMEN SESSUE 5 fo.a: 6. ayotse ote jsts' 2) aaron A ae *Genus Platygerrhus Thomson.
| Abdomen with a distinct petiole.....7.20....... *Genus Photismus Thomson.

Tribe COLOTRECHNIDES.
This tribe consists of the single genus *Colofrechnus which is suffi-
ciently described in the Synopsis of Tribes for synoptical purposes.
Tribe CHIROPACHIDES.

Posterior tibize armed with two spurs; wings banded; marginal vein not thickened.
Anterior femora exciso-dentate; posterior tibial spurs arcuate; wings with two
PLANS VEKSE DANS) se, 5 njets heim ents eRe eke) Genus Chiropachys Westwood.
Anterior femora simple; wings with but one band; stigmal club large, horizontal...
*Genus Acrocormus Foerster.
Posterior tibize with one spur.
Marginal veins of fore wings thickened.
Antenne with the ring-joints large, not transverse; anterior coxz subcylindrical ;

Stigmallclublobsolete: js asccacie aici) ws *Genus Pandelus Foerster.
Antennz with transverse ring-joints; cyaneous.

Stigmal and postmarginal veins short........... “Genus Metacolus Foerster.

Stigmal vein longer than marginal; © with antennal club stylate at apex.....

*Genus Raphitelus Walker.

Marginal vein of fore-wings not thickened.
Stigmal club very large; anterior border of pronotum sharp .................-
*Genus Dinotus Foerster.
Stigmal club small or moderately so; anterior margin of pronotum rounded... .
Genus Rhopalicus Foerster.

Tribe CARATOMIDES.
Consists of the single genus Carafomus Dalman, a very strange form
which can be readily recognized from the characters given in the tribal
synopsis.

Family SPHEGIGASTRIDES.
Upper wings with a delicate marginal vein, petiole punctate above, longer than
broad.
Petiole longer than the posterior coxze; ¢j' palpi normal.
Head with compressed cheeks; vertex not very narrow.

aransides Giscenmblesrerae\e ais'-1<- «+ olsen ...*Genus Merismus Walker.
Parapsides not plainly discernible.
Abdominal joints 2 and 3 very large ..*"Genus Sphegigaster Spinola.
Abdominal joint 2 very large, others short, often retracted...............-

*Genus Cryptoprymnus Foerster.

Head with rounded cheeks, sub-lenticular, vertex narrow; postpetiole very large:

MecollaniDrOads vpsisisjc/treiisicte sie) s\s:< > s.< 0 epeementemede *Genus Syntomopus Walker.

Petiole not longer than posterior coxze; second segment of abdomen deeply emargi-
nate and third very large; ¢{' palpi abnormal.

Vertex acute in the middle; parapsides not plainly discernible.................-

*Genus Cyrtogaster Walker.

Vertex not acute medially; parapsides plainly discernible. ...................

*Genus Polycystus Westwood.

Upper wings with a thick marginal vein; petiole shorter than the posterior coxz.
Parapsides plainly separated; stigmal club large.....*Genus Pachycrepis Foerster.
Parapsides not plainly distinguished.............. Genus Pachyneuron Walker.

Tribe DIPARIDES.

Petiole shorter than posterior coxze; ,j' antennz not verticillate-pilose..............
*Genus Panstenon Walker.

Petiole linear, longer than coxz; postpetiole very large; ¢' antennz with well separ-
mredmjoints.;sparsely, verticillate.).).’. .\.....ocmieelemilacersa *Genus Dipara Walker.

Tribe PTEROMALIDES.

eeetiOIt ize) 2-SpuLredy @ tye ai. wisis iso <. «sapere *Genus Dimachus,
Posterior tibize 1-spurred.
Antennal club subulate Q, or conico-acuminate ¢j'; metathorax punctate, no fold
AUCanOISpIkACUlATSUICUS rier... <1. - «ee are ote Genus Merisus Walker.
Antennal club not subulate.
Antennze inserted below the middle of the face; stigmal club scarcely discernible:
vertex not medially acute; cheeks round; abdomen not rotund; left mandible
3-, right 4-dentate; joint 1 of the antennal funicle equal to the others in size,

RArSLy ADEM tyeSMalleraa.. «1,5.» .- vepmemrerteveiererels Genus Eutelus Walker.
‘Yerebra exserted; funicle of antennze thick, joint 1 in the © abruptly smaller;
Bion apovem SMOG -ametathorax MenvaRShontameraeir) ana) seetive isan:

Genus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg.

Joint 1 of the antennal funicle most usually large, very rarely abruptly smaller
than the others; posterior coxze not pubescent on the hind margin at base;

left mandible usually 3-dentate, dentations broad at base.............+...-
*Genus Aetroxys Westwood.

Anterior margin of the collar sharp, acutely reflected; mandibles acutely 4-
Centate Sere termrett ee Risen ayia /cks.s wise AefeteeNetoie=' > .*Genus Isocyrtus Walker.
}lead with the vertex sometimes medially acute; eyes occasionally hairy; mandi-
bles usually 4-dentate; antennze often inserted below the middle of the face;
ring joint plainly discernible; metathorax usually punctulate and furnished

=36—

with a carina; abdomen often rotund, never produced at apex with Q......
Genus Pteromalus Swederus.

Mandibles with three acute strong teeth; collar narrow, scarcely discernible... . .
Genus Metopon Walker.

Genus DIMACHUS.

Collar not separated; funicle filiform, joint t large.
Marginal vein thickened, stigmal nearly same length or a little longer; body short...
Subgenus Cznocrepis.
Marginal vein delicate, longer than stigmal.
Abdomen with a basal yellow band.................... Subgenus Dimachus.
Alpdomen*withimnoy bam dle. ican) Seen ie ore ey aera cele Subgenus Hemitrichus.

Collar separated.
First funicle joint short.

‘Antennae shortaiclavate: ) auc ic); Bepeueiec iste. ess. slSeube te Subgenus Habritus,
PALE oe SAITO RTOs) tye evele she tsleye eRME ERR ee levore) a eke os in consstees Subgenus Dinarmus.
First funicle joint cylindrical; antennze filiform. ..........Subgenus Picroscytus.

Genus MERISUS.

First funicle joint short; rim of the metathorax with large punctures; coxz all rufous

PER RT ertteny scares cies facets art Sake Pees =< Subgenus Boeotomus Foerster.
First funicle joint as long as the following.

Abdomen subcylindrical, joint 3 short............... Subgenus Merisus Walker.

Abdomen subovate, dorsum often flattened... .. Subgenus Homoporus Thomson.

Genus EUTELUS.
Marginal vein one and a half times as long as the stigmal; metathorax with distinct

lateral folds; club of ¢{' antennz blackish.
Head with narrow vertex; Q ocelli placed in a very slightly curved line; thorax
Sorta mens tsotel Meenas cies rataraio LO ners et oe ethene Subgenus Eutelus Walker.
Head with broad vertex; clypeus incised or truncate at apex; ocelli large; placed:
in a triangle; thorax long; margin of collar sharp; abdomen elongate,
japenaveg NENA aaa Bishi swe tos Reena rede cs Subgenus Platytermus Thomson.
Marginal vein not at all or ‘bat slightly longer than stigmal; metathorax with no
lateral folds; first funicle joint very small; vertex and pene narrow.
Antenne inserted a little below the middle of the face.......... eee eee meets
Subgenus Amblymerus Thomson.

Antenne inserted slightly above the clypeus; metathorax very short......... .
Subgenus Psilonotus Tenis

Genus ROPTROCERUS.
Antenne inserted almost in the middle of the face which is impressed with large
PUMGLULES ys apie este Giole legs, llchore ance on einer Subgenus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg.
Antenne inserted scarcely above the clypeus......... Subgenus Anogmus Foerster.

Genus AZTROXYS.,

Clypeus armed apically in the middle with a tooth; thorax long, collar acutely
margined and dilated laterally; metathorax with short folds or none at all.......
Subgenus Stenomalus Thomson.
Clypeus with no apical tooth, but with a sinuate or truncate apex,
Wings with a large stigmal club; head with the cheeks often rounded; collar
separated, acute and not narrow medially.

Metathorax short; clypeus incised in the middle at apex; mesothoracic episterna

TEACH OM TOMCOSE2 rine) oiaisi cis s/s =F <6, heer Subgenus Cecidostiba Thomson.

Metathorax not short, often with a fold and often also with a slight transverse

carina; head and thorax usually rigido-pubescent.........-..........-05:

p Subgenus Ceenacis Foerster.

Wings with a small or medium-sized stigmal club; head often triangular and with
prominent eyes; collar often not at all or slightly separated.

Head triangular, narrowed towards mouth, face not rigido-pubescent; eyes
large, convex, round; preesternum large; mesosternal groove distinct; the
round spiracles remote from postscutellum.

Collar acute.

Vertex acute in the middle............ ... Subgenus Z2troxys Westwood.
Vertex not acute in the middle.
Hirstomiclesoimtismmalll.... +. samen Subgenus Cricellius Thomson,
hirstiumicle;jountlarce:...'. | lca a Subgenus Holczeus Thomson.
Collannotseparateder ci ci... - 1 «enna Subgenus Stinoplus Thomson.

Head usually with bulging cheeks; eyes not prominent; sternal groove obsolete;
vertex in the middle not acute; metathoracic spiracles usually large, oval;
collar not at all or slightly acute; first funicle joint longer than pedicel.

Collar broad; head with bulging cheeks; left mandible 3-dentate............
Subgenus Habrocytus Thomson.

Collar narrow in the middle; head narrowing towards mouth; both mandibles
SRGeM pat Grr ier yeeeiatets|c, «+7 «> <(eeeneetet Subgenus Spintherus Thomson.

Genus ISOCYRTUS.

Eyes hairy; metathorax long, its apical border with large punctures; abdomen with
its second segment smooth at base, the third not small... ..........--.--+2e ee.
Subgenus Isocyrtus Walker.
Eyes smooth; second abdominal segment with a dense fringe on sides, not large;
third small.
Vertex broad; head short, thick, eyes round and prominent; funicle of the <j
antennze alternately white...............-... Subgenus Polycelis Thomson.
Vertex not broad, eyes sub-ovate .............Subgenus Trichomalus Thomson.

Genus PTEROMALUS.

Eyes hairy; antennze incrassate; vertex sharp in the middle.
Wings maculate; Q abdomen short, ovate; tibiae with rigid bristles..............
Subgenus Halizous Thomson.

Wings immaculate; abdomen rotund. ........Subgenus Trichoglenus Thomson.
Eyes smooth.
ivesiqubenelen (era toe 2 Sea cc . Subgenus Meraporus Walker.

First fnnicle joint large.

Metathorax with a large sub-globose neck; flagellum of antennze filiform; Q ab-

domen ovate-acute; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal.
Wings entirely pubescent; head with concave cheeks; neck of metathorax
SUMO Unit MeVettet tere icteceis 0/- < -.*\s ea Subgenus Catolaceus Thomson.
Wings with a large clear spot; neck of metathorax punctate...............-.
Subgenus Pteromalus Swederus.
Metathorax usually with a very small neck; postmarginal vein often shorter than

stigmal, very rarely longer; Q abdomen usually rotund.

Entomologica Americana, Vol, IT. 6 May 1886.

oy

Postmarginal longer than stigmal; neck of metathorax short; abdomen oval-

rotund; vertex (broad: (1. y.aneieem eel Subgenus Diglochis Thomson.
Postmarginal shorter than stigmal or equal to it.
Abdomen oblong. .

Vertex rounded in the middle, Q abdomen ovate, convex below; Q wings
often marked with large smoky discs; club of Q antennz small,

shorter thanpedicelly. 3 -eer ere Subgenus Arthrolytus Thomson.
Vertex acute in the middle?) eaeee... -:. Subgenus Dibrachys Thomson.
Abdomen rotund; cheeks compressed, acute; wings hyaline, postmarginal
shorter than siiomal 2... asereenee Subgenus Ceelopisthus Thomson.

Genus METOPON.

© antennz strongly incrassate, sub-clavate; CO antennee verticillate-pilose..........
; Subgenus Metopon Walker.

© antennze with the flagellum of equal width throughout, (/ antenne pubescent or
densely clothed with short hairs; 9 abdomen rotund..... ............:-

Subgenus Dirhicnus Thomson,
(To be continued.)

ss ep oe
Notes on Thelyphonus Zar.
By Gro. Marx, M.D.

There isa group among the Ar/hrogastra, to which Latreille has
given the name Pedipa/jz. This term can be interpreted in two ways,
either, the palpi are like legs, or the legs are like palpi. ‘‘Palpz brachia
emulantes’, says Latr., ‘‘the palpi resemble arms”. If he had intended
to introduce this idea into the name, he should have called the group
Brachiopalpi. But he was correct in naming it Pedipa/pi, for the anterior
pair of legs are here functionally no motor organs; but their strucrure
and insertion prove that they are the, here retained, 2nd maxillary or
labial palpi of the insects, which are transformed in all other Arachnida
into leg-like structures with motor functions, giving thus the whole class
the characteristic 8 legs, and which are here exceptionally preserved in
their original form.

While the insertion of the § legs in all Avachnides is on one plane,
either in close apposition or radiating from the sternum, we find in
the Pedipadpi at their sternal surface only 6 coxe surrounding the sternal
plate and the insertion of the first pair is at the pleural side and in the
upper outer border of the maxillz,

The difference in the structure between the anterior and the other 6
legs is remarkable. ‘The former are not half as thick, but at least twice
as long as the latter. ‘The tibia represents in the other six legs one joint
(in Phrynus sometimes two and three) while it has in the front pair—at
least in some—27 to 37 joints, and the tarsus 8, 65, or even as many as
85, when it has in the other 3 pair only 3 joints.

Latreille divided the Pedipa/pi into 2 genera: Phrynus and Thelyphon-
us. Since then numerous species have been collected and new genera
have been proposed. Koch establishes for the genus Zhelyphonus the
family Urofrichi or Whiptails and Karsch for Phrynus the family Zaraniula
with the genera Phrynichus, Tarantula, Damon and Charon.

Lucas described in his monograph 7 species of Zhelyphonus, amongst
which is 7: g7ganfeus which is found quite frequently in the Southern
States, where it is much feared by the people who call it Nigger Killer,
Mule Killer, Grampus, etc. Girard found a new species in the collection
of the Red River Expedition 1852, which he called Zhelyph. excubiior,
and for which he gave no locality. This species seems to be very rare,
for it is mentioned nowhere since in print, nor have I ever seen more
than one although more than 20 specimens of gégantus came under
my observation. This one isin my own collection and was received
some time ago from Texas with a number of specimens of the other
species.

In examining this little collection I found the following interesting
facts; 3, that excudifor is the male of giganteus; 2, that they have not
as stated by all authors hitherto, 8 eyes, but 12; 3, that they are per-
fectly harmless as they possess no poison glands in their mandibles. The
reasons for this assertions are; 1. The structural differences between both
* species are exactly such, as are found between the sexes of the scorpions;
viz. in the male the tail and the palpi are longer and the abdomen more
tapering toward the apex. There is no other difference in structure found.
In opening the abdomen of two giganfeus I found them filled with eggs
or remnants of such, which was not the case in examining the abdominal
cavity of excudifor. The external opening of the sexual organs present a
great difference of structure, for while inall gzganfeus the vulva appears
as a closed bursa the sexual orrifice in excuditor is not closed but repres-
ents a slit, divided vertically by a bar with two arch-like prominences. 2.
The fact that 2 eyes on each side have hitherto escaped the notice of natur-
alists, has for its reason, that they are extremely small in comparison with
the three large eyes between which they stand. Beside the two anterior ocelli
which stand in the median line near the clypeus, there is on each side
of the cepha’x and further back than the front eyes, a tubercle upon
which these 5 ocelli are situated: one small one at the tip of the tubercle,
one large one at its external side and one of medium size at the posterior
slope. Between these two latter ones are two very small ocelli, the
anterior of which stands a little higher than the posterior one. These
small ocelli are quite distinct and shine with the same bright amber color
out of the nearly black background of the tubercle. 3. That they have
no poison gland in the mandibles, I can only prove by the absence of

—40—

orifice in the terminal mandibular claw, which would occur here as well
as in all other Avachnida which have a poison gland in their mandibles,
But they have another weapon, useful only for defense; for they can
emit a sharp and penetrating odor very much like acetic acid. The in-
habitants of some West India Islands therefore call them ‘“Vinaigrier” or
vinegar maker. Where that odor gland is situated in the body of
Tielyphonus 1 am unable to say as my studies were confined only to

dried specimens.
‘EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Thelyphonus giganteus Latr. to show the mandibles and
male (T'hel. ewcubitor Girard). maxille.
Fig. 2. Thelyphonus giganteus Latr. | Fig. 6. Front from the side.
female. Fig. 7. Abdomen of the male, showing
Fig. 3. Sternal surface of the female. | the sexual orifice.
Fig. 4. Lateral eye eminence with the Fig. 8, The mandiblesseparated. a from
five eyes. the inner side; b. from the outer
Fig. 5. Front showing the mandibles. side.
All the mouthparts are hidden Fig. 9. On organ of special sense, situ-
under a thick pubescence and ated at the tibia of each leg.
these hairs have been removed

(0 3G > mee

Remarks on North American Scolytids.
By E. A. Scowarz, Wasurncton, D.C,

Gnathotrichus materiarius. Dr. Packard in his Guide, p. 493,
(see also Bull. 7, U.S. Ent. Comm., p. 174) states that ‘‘a species, prob-
ably the Cryphalus materiarius of Fitch” has been found to bore into
empty wine casks and spoil them for use. This is undoubtedly a con-
fusion of species, as G. madzertarzus lives exclusively in pine trees. The
species in question was probably Xyleborus fuscatus which, in my ex-
perience, bores in several kinds of deciduous trees.

Gnathotrichus asperulus is perhaps not rare; but not easily
recognized. It bears a close resemblance to the smaller and rubbed
specimens of Pityophthorus minuitssimus, from which it differs mainly by
vestiture of the antennal club, I beat two specimens from Prnus inops
near Washington in May. In this tree it will probably be found boring
in the same manner as G. maverzarius.

Pityophthorus. ‘The first group of this genus (Leconte’s group
B), at once recognizable by the fine and dense ‘punctuation of the elytra,
includes a few easily distinguished species, infesting deciduous trees.
The sexual differences seem to be alike in all species. The second group
(Leconte’s group C), divides naturally into two sections: In the first the
elytral declivity is dissimilar in the two sexes. The three species which

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL. II, MAY 1886.

Geo, Wavy from Nature.

PLATE I.

. —4I—

comprise this section (X. carinula/us, sparsus and plagid/us) are readily
distinguished and live under bark of pine trees. ‘They constitute a series
which is strikingly parallel with that formed by the European 7Zomuicus
chalcographus, bidens and 4-dentatus, and since Mr. Eichhoff (Europ,
Borkenkafer, p, 23), states that the first of these occurs also in North
America, he probably refers to our P. sparsus. However, a comparison
of specimens is necessary to establish the identity. The second section
in which the elytral declivity is alike in both sexes comprises numerous
species, mostly living on Conifers, and which are extremely difficult
to distinguish. To one of those with nearly regularly punctate-
striate elytra (probably P. herticeps) belongs Fitch’s Zomicus minutis-
SIMUS.

Xyloterus bivittatus. Mr. Eichhoff (l.c., p. 299) cites this as
a synonym of the European X. /imea/us Oliv,, and I think that he is
right. His X. vetiger (l.c., p. 298), described from California, is un-
doubtedly only a color variety of the same species.

Xyleborus pyri. The male still remains unknown, but from
analogy with the European X. dispar I strongly suspect that the species
described by Leconte as odesus will prove to be the male of pyr7.

Xyleborus retusicollis. I have seen a female of this rare species
in Mr. Ulke’s collection. It agrees with the male in size and sculpture
of the elytra but has the thorax anteriorly slightly flattened and not ex-
cavated,

Xyleborus xylographus Say. Under this name Dr, Fitch in
his 4th Report, p. 30, describes a Scolytid boring under the bark of
pine. His description is not cited by Zimmermann nor by Leconte,
but his very careful article on the life habits of the species is copied by
re Packard in his Bull. 7, U.S.E. Comm., p. 163. A glance at Fitch’s
description plainly shows that he was mistaken in the identification of
the species and that he had before him what is now known as X. celatus
Eichh. Moreover xylographus belongs to a group of species which do
not live under bark, but enter the solid wood. X. Saxeseni Ratz. is said
by Eichhoff (l.c., p. 280) to occur in North America a:d this could
only be identical with xylographus. Say’s name however would have
priority.

Xyleborus pubescens. Among a _ large colony of this beetle
which I found boring into Pius inops near Washington, I discovered
two specimens of the male. It is only one-third the size of the largest
female, the elytral strize are finer, the tubercles at the declivity smaller,
the thorax much shorter, not longer than wide, anteriorly much more
suddenly rounded and distinctly depressed. The difference in general
“appearance between the two sexes is very striking.

——A 2 a

Xyleborus punctipennis, In the male the head is covered with
very long but not dense hair and the elytral declivity is less impressed
than in the female. This sexual character is quite exceptional in this
genus and but for the structure of the antennal club this species would
be referred to Peyophthorus.

Dryocoetes septentrionis is synonymous with YD, aui/ographus
Ratz. as correctly stated by Eichhoff (l.c., p 262).

Cryphalus rigidus. What Leconte (Rhynchophora of N. Am.,
p. 362) describes as the male I take to be the female. Two specimens
from Detroit, Mich., which I consider as males, have the head deeply
retracted in the thorax so that its sculpture cannot be seen; but the first
antennal joint is fringed with a double row of long pale hairs as in
certain species of Aficracis.

Cryphalus jalappe. Mr. Henshaw in his Check List wrongly
places this in the genus Coccofrypes. To the latter genus belongs Boséry-
chus dactyliperda Fabr., which, according to Eichhoff, lives in dates and
Areca nuts and which has been widely distributed with these two articles
of commerce.

Xylocleptes. Mr. Eichhoff (lc, p. 23) states that X. dspinus
occursin North America, ‘The species is easily recognizable but I have
seen nothing similar in our collections and suspect a confusion of locali-
ties. It bores in the stems of Clematis. X. cucurbite lives in the vines
of Wild Gourd, and X. decipiens will no doubt also prove to have similar
habits, as the numerous specimens I collected in Michigan and near
Washington always occured on low plants. I have failed heretofore to
discover the real food plant, .X. concinnus, on the contrary, is stated by
Mannerheim to Jive under pine bark,

Tomicus sexdentatus according to Eichhoff (le, p. 213) occurs
in North America; but the statement is probably based upon a wrong
locality.

Tomicus montanus Eicbh. (l.c., p. 219) from California is syn-
onymous with 7° confusus.

Tomicus mucronatus Lec, of Henshaw’s Check List is apparently
a duplication of Criphalus mucronatus and should be stricken off,

(To be continued.)

a

Notes and News.
We have received from Mr. Scudder a circular announcing the near
completion of his work on the New England Butterflies, and giving a
list of desiderata in the way of early stages for illustrations. The list is

too long to reprint, but ifany of our readers who may be in the position
to aid Mr. Scudder will write to him, we doubt not that he will receive
the list by return mail. Almost anybody can do something in this way,
and we hope that Mr, Scudder will succeed in securing an abundance
of the desired material.

tt 9 2 0

Book Notices.

New Genera and species of Californian Coleoptera. By Thos. L. Casey,
Lt. Eng’rs. Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci., Vol. I, pp. 283—336, 1 pl. Dec. 15, 1885.

Describes 31 species of Staphylinidee, mostly belonging to the Ale-
ocharini, with the new genera Co/wsa with five species (all new), Ponto-
malota with three species (PAyZosus opacus Lec. and two new), Platyusa
with one species, Bryonomus (for Cafius canescens Mann, and C. semi-
mitens Horn) and Vellica (Homalini). Describes also three species of
Actidium (Trichopterygide), Euscaphurus saltator (n. gen. et sp. Dascyl-
lidee) Cenocara occidens, (Ptinidz), Platycerus californicus (Lucanidze)
and Polyphylla marginata (Scarabzeide).

In attacking the A/ocharini, Lt. Casey ventures into an unexplored
field, where he is comparatively safe from making synonyms, because
most of the species from the Pacific Coast are undescribed. It is to be
hoped however, that Lt. Casey will not confine his work to mere de-
scriptions; but will take up some of the groups systematically.

The Butterflies of the Eastern United States. For the use of classes in Zoo-
logy and private students, By G. H. French, A.M. Phila. Lippincott & Co.,
pp. 402, ff. 93.

This is a neat work, in its get up; but rather disappointing in its
contents. It should have been supposed that for the use of students, or
as a text book, there should be some explanation of the basis of classifi-
cation. ‘There is nothing of this. The genera are not described at all
except in the “Key”, in which the most superficial characters are used.
The sub-families are but little more fully defined, and the families are in
much the same position. The species are rather fully described, and the
book obtains its value from being a compilation of descriptions of species,
with figures enough to guide the user with considerable certainty to the
insect he desires to name. An intelligent student can probably name
all his species from the Eastern United States, but when through with his
work would have no more idea of classification than could be gathered
from Harris or Packard. ‘The work isa disappointment. The classifi-
cation, putting the Papiliontda at the head, is perhaps not subject to
criticism ina work of this kind; but some mention of the differences of
opinion on this subject might have been profitably made.

The Sphingide of New England. By C. H. Fernald, A.M., Orono, February,
1886. Sprague & Son, State Printers. 8°, pp. 85, pl. VI.

A handy little pamphlet giving a very complete account of the New
England Sphinges in a concise, clear and accurate form. ‘The larve,
where known, are described and the food plants are given. There is a
Synoptic Table covering genera and species and then the genera and
species are described in detail; the author relying upon his own ob-
servation for the generic characters. It is a very practical little book,
and one that will be of great help to the student that desires not only
to get names for his insects but to the learn something of their structure.
The work isa companion to the ‘‘Butterflies of Maine” and as in that
work the pronounciation of the specific and generic names is given.

—<{9>—___

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. April 6th, 1886. — Eight members
present, the President in the chair. Mr. Linell exhibited a living specimen of
Zopherus mexicanus, remarking on the extreme tenacity of life exhibited by the
specimen. He had tried to killit in a variety of ways, and for the past eight
days it had lived in a strong, freshly prepated cyanide bottle. Mr. Hulst made
some further remarks on methods of obtaining eggs of Geometridae, and Mr.
Weeks explained some of his methods for raising larvee which fed on small, low
plants. Mr. Hulst exhibited a portfolio of colored drawings of larvae (princi-
pally Bombycidz), and their food plants, made by Miss Emily L. Morton of
Newburgh, N.Y., which were pronounced extremely natural and recognizable at
a glance.

Entomological Society of Washington. April 1, 1886. Mr. Schwarz made
some remarks on the synonymy and biology of various Scolytids. He exhibited
a specimen of the work of Monarthrum mali in Red Oak and explained the nature
of the main gallery made by the parent beetle and that of the branching galleries
apparently made by the larve. He also spoke on the work of a large colony of
Xyleborus pubescens which he found in the solid wood of Pinus inops and exhib-
ited the hitherto undescribed male of that species. Mr. Smith called attention
to some features in the structure of the Saturniide: 'The family as he proposes
to limit it, has the following characters. Two branches to each joint of the an-
tenn in the -<{'; no tongue; retracted head; short palpi; plump body; hind legs
short and weak; tibicee without spurs; tarsi without spines; no frenulum; veins
not more than 11, usually 10. The Attacine have the antennz pectinated to the
tip in both sexes. Except in Telea and Actias the discal cell of both wings is
open. He considers that Samia, Platysamia, Philosamia, and Callosamia are all
congeneric, and explained the differences and agreements between them. In
Hyperchiria io the antenne are as in Allacus; but simple, or only serrate in the
©. Inthe Ceratocampine the pectinations never extend to the tip; the O has
the antennce simple, except in Adelocephala bicolor in which they are pectinated
as in the <j’, except that there is only a single branch to each joint of the an-
tenn. The discal cells are always closed, and the differences in venation of
the species was pointed out.

=

able
AMERICANA

VOL, II. BROOKLYN, JUNE, 1886. NO. 3,

Notes on two larvae of the genus Catocala.
By D; S.: KeLiicore,

C.-obscura, The larva of this species feeds on the leaves of the shag-
bark Hickory, C. a/da, and in habit agrees very closely with other de-
scribed species of the genus; it is, apparently, a night-feeder, concealing
itself by day at rest under the loosened bark of the tree upon the leaves
of which it feeds at night. July 5, 1883, at Pulaski, N. Y., larvee were
taken from beneath the bark of the hickory, and from these, two imagos
were obtained. Two sizes were thus obtained on that day: one, evidently
soon after its last larval moult, measured 1.6 in., width of head .17 in.,
of eighth and ninth rings .2 in.; the smaller ones were 1.1 in. long, they
moulted July 19, when they were 1.¢ in. long and precisely similar to
the larger size when taken July 5th.

The head is somewhat flattened, réticulated with coarse, uneven
lines and a heavy black stripe extends along the lateral borders from the
articulation of the mandibles half way to the apex of head lobes, In
this character it closely resembles the larva of C. refecta which likewise
feeds on the hickory, The antenne are long, slender and white.

The color of the skin is dark gray, much darker than in refecfa.
The piliferous spots which are arranged nearly atthe comers ofa rectangle
are large and light colored; these are larger than usual in rings five and
twelve, otherwise there are no humps; there are no lateral fringes as in
Ulironiz and Unyuga. The dorsal line is very obscure; there are on
rings five, nine and ten, irregular black crosses; the stigmatal line distinct
and black, ‘The stigmata are of the usual shape, the long axis, how-
ever, leans slightly forwards, rings black, white within. The ventral
surface is pinkish with black spots in the abdominal rings except eight
and nine. The color of smaller specimens yellowish gray. One larva

ft —

then 2 in. in length spun the usual, light, very loose cocoon among the
leaves July 20th; the imago appeared about August 15. The pupa was
of the usual form and color covered with bloom; it measured 1.1 in.
The anal hooklets unusually long.

C. habilis. The larvee of this species were in company with those of
obscura mentioned above, Different sizes were taken; but slight changes
in color or ornamentation was noted at the moults. This larva is quite
different from any of the genus heretofore identified by me.

An average mature caterpillar measured 2 in. in length; slender,
color dark, in some almost black, skin shining. Along the dorsum
there is a broad stripe lighter than the general hue, on either side a
darker one of equal width; the stigmatal stripes almost black; beneath
pale whitish with black spots on the middle segments. Head reddish
black with faint reticulations in white.

Pupated in the usual cocoon, the first to change July 18 gave a moth
August 18.

A CORRECTION.

In Papilio, Vol. I, p. 141, I described the larval characters of C.
reteta as those of C. fiebilis, The mistake was made by comparing my
moth with a rather diffuse specimen of refecfz in the Harvey collection of
moths now in the Buf. Soc. of Nat. Sci. labeled ‘‘#ed:dis”. As Mr. Grote
had seen this collection I supposed it approved by him and correct. It
was not and I correct my error by saying that what is said in the paper,
cited under C. fledi/is refers to C. refecia.

rr <i

Mr. Geo. P. Welles, of Chicago, writes:—Has it ever occurred in
your experience, that certain species were local within extremely narrow
limits? I gathered B/e/hisa quadricollis under one stone during eight
or ten successive days, and never anywhere else. Also Omophron robust-
um under one particular chip, and in no other place. I have taken 50
Toxotus Schaumi from a little bush year after year and never one two
feet from there, except the first one I ever caught, which I took from
the mouth of a big Asz/us which came flying towards me.”

These local occurrences are of extreme interest. Several such have
occured in my experience, notably in Ze/raopes canieriator, for which
I know two small localities on Long Island where I can get them year
after year with absolute certainty; but though there is an abundance of
their food plant all about, they never leave these small patches.

J. Bs:

——Al 7—

Notes upon various species of the Ennominae.
By Gro. D. Hutst.

Oxydia vesuliata Cr. This species has been taken in Southern
Florida. The specimens differ in no respect from those received from
Brazil. It is the largest Geometer of our fauna, expanding 75 mm.

Urapteryx politiaria Cr. To specimens ofthis taken in Florida,
Mr. Grote gave the varietal name of floridata. ‘The Florida specimens
seem to vary very little, and where a stretch of sea or a range of mount-
ains intervenes slight differences may be of even specific value. But
specimens of UY. politiaria from Brazil are taken in numbers, the exact
counterparts of the Florida form.

Ripula virginaria Hulst. One of the most beautiful of Geometers,
and the first of its genus in our country.

Eutrapela transversata Dru. THs species is very variable in the
color and shape of its wings. It undoubtedly includes in its reach not
only the many forms given names by Guenee and Walker, but as well
the species Guenee called C. izcurvata and C. éelragona/a. The only
individual difference in the latter is the cross striations at the base of the
tail. The cross line is found in every variation.

In all collections that have come under my notice, the ochreous form
is labelled var. gonzafa Guen. According to Dr. Packard. goniaéa is the
fawn colored form, and isa synonym of /ransversafa Dru. The variety
name of the vellow form is ¢ranspositata W\k.

Specimens from the South are generally less angulated than those
from the North, and are often of the variety zzcurvafa Guen., having no
angle on outer margin of fore wings.

Eutrapela clemataria Ab. & Sm. There is considerable variation in
this insect, especially in the female. One form, generally from the South,
is lighter in color, with the apex of fore wings more pointed and very
much extended. This is, I believe, the true Z. ckmataria Ab. & Sm.
The darker form is var. ¢ransducensata Wik. This species also varies
very much in the amount of undulations on the outer margins, Gener-
ally very prominent, the undulation is sometimes hardly perceptible.

Tetracis truxaliata Guen. Differs much in the size of specimens,

ranging from 30 to 60 mm,

Tetracis cervinaria Pack. This is one species in my opinion with
TL. aurantiacaria Pack.. the former being the (', the latter the QO form.
The sexes are much more distinct than is usual in this subfamily. The

—48—

co was first described, and the name of the species becomes 7! cer-
vinaria Pack.

Tetracis simpliciaria Grt. This is a lighter colored form of 7.
paralleharia Pack., and may be retained as a variety name, For deter-
mination of 7. paradlleliaria Pack., see remarks under 7. mellitularia
Hulst, Ento. Am., Vol. I, p. 202. For information concerning Dr.
Packard’s type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology as well as for
other favors, Iam indebted to Dr. H. A. Hagen of Harvard University.

Drepanodes olyzonaria Wik. According to Packard who saw Walker's
type and knew Grote’s species this is probably the species afterwards
called D. varus by Grt. and Rob, Walker fairly well describes the
species which is very variable and we think ourselves justified in using
his name. The species includes D. sesguilinearia G. and R., D. eguosa
G. and R., and D. juniperaria Pack., the first two being perhaps allow-
able as varieties, It is difficult sometimes to separate this species from
D. puberaria G, and R., and D. perizomaria Hulst.

Sabulodes dositheata Guen. Mr. A. G. Butler in ‘‘Some Notes on
some N.A. Lepidoptera” (Papilio, Vol. I, p. 220), gives from British
Museum types and specimens. a synonomy of this species which we have
been accustomed to know as Z¢/racis egrofata Guen.

The synonomy is as follows:
Sabulodes dositheata Guen.
y. columbiata Guen.
Tetracis egrotata Guen.
Choerodes atropesaria Walk.
ve subclararia Walk.
ae punctata Pack. MSS.

This is pretty good for an insect which varies less than is usual,
though the 9 is ordinarily larger and lighter colored than the (j, and
has the wings more angulated. The insect, (if the genus be a valid
one), is the first of its genus in our fauna.

Caberodes confusaria Hub. I accord this species the palm for vari-
ability, It has been given five different names by Guenee, and two more
by Walker after recognizing Hiibner’s and all of Guenee’s. Its name
was well chosen by Hiibner. I have specimens before me ranging from
32 to 62 mm. in expanse; ranging from bright yellow through light
ochre to dark brown in ground color; ranging from wings evenly round-
ed to wings strongly pointed, falcate and angulate. In variation of bands
and border, color and wing shape it grazes on C. anfidiscaria Wlk., and
seems to intergrade with Lutrapela falcata Pack.

Caberodes antidiscaria Wlk. I have one specimen only of this, but
have no doubt it is a good species.

Eugonia vidularia Grt, This is a synonym of Téfracis grotearia
Pack. It differs in no respect from the ordinary ( form, though it is a
trifle lighter in color than the type.

Eugonia magnaria Guen. ‘This species has for some years back
been pretty universally looked upon as being a synonym of a European
species. It ordinarily goes by the name /. a/miaria Linn., but as Mr.
Moéschler shows, 2. aufumnaria Wernb. is the species it most resembles,
and of this he believes ita synonym, As yet I hold it to bea valid
species. I have examined several specimens, and find the American
differs structurally from the European. In the venation of the fore wings,
both the European species have a subcostal and two accessory cells. The
American has a subcostal, but no accessory cells. On this ground I
retain Guenee’s name for our species.

Azelina hubnerata Guen. A close contestant with Caderodes con-
Susaria Hib, in variability, I do not know how many tropical forms
named by Guenee, Walker and others may be included under this spe-
cies, but in the range of American material it includes A. siygiaria W\k ,,
A. honestaria W\k., A. behrensata Pack., A. morrisonaria Hy, Edw. and
perhaps A. zalissaria Wik. It includes forms with wings angulated and
unangulated, undulating on outer margins and without undulations,
with median space very broad and with lines almost coalescing, with
color varying through black, reddish, brown, and cinereous.

Azelina zalissaria Walk. ‘This seems to be very distinct from 4.
Aubneraia, but curiously enough, all the specimens I have seen have been
females.

Azelina arizonaria Hy. Edw. Of this A. albomacularia Hy. Edw ,
is a variety.

Endropia textrinaria Grt. This seems to me to be a good species,
though Mr. Grote, probably unintentionally, left it out of his last Check
List 1882.

Endropia warneraria Harvey. As Mr. Grote has observed, this is
the same as L’. apictaria Pack., and is the name of the species, as it anti-
dates the latter. I have seen no specimen in the various collections of
E.. pilosaria Pack. From Dr. Packard’s description the only material
difference is in the shape of the hind wings. But in view of the difference
in this respect of the two sexes of 2’. warneraria, I am inclined to believe
£. pilosaria is not a distinct species The two species are at any rate very
near to each other.

—50—

Endropia homuraria G. and R, Dr. Packard places this as a syno-
nym of Z. duaria Guen, But Mr. Grote, (Can, Ent. IX, 89 and Papilio
II, 100), with considerable feeling and logic, protests against this dis-
position of his species. Dr. Packard had Mr. Grote’s type, and his
opinion, with such opportunity of comparison, ought to be final. Certain
it is if it be not Z. duaria, it is L. hypochraria H. Sch. The description
seems to be of the reddish form of the latter. But Dr. Packard’s opinion
will have to govern us till we have more light. What has become of Mr.
Grote’s type I do not know. Itis not in the Central Park Collection
where Mr. Grote thought it might be. 2. duaria Guen. differs very much
in appearance, the wings being rectangular and very rounded in some
male specimens, and very pointed, falcate and angulated in some females.

Endropia amenaria Guen, £. arefaciaria G. and R. is a synonym
of this species. If one take Mr. Grote’s description of his species,
and compare it with a specimen of Z. amenaria he will not doubt their
identity. Dr. Packard had Mr. Grote’s type, and his description and
figure in his Geometrid Moths are from this type specimen. I speak of
this as Mr. Grote has in later years claimed that his species and that of
Guenee were not identical, although he admits his may be a variety. In
looking over Mr. Neumcegen’s collection, which in 1882 Mr. Grote
studied, I find several specimens with label ‘‘A%dropia arefactaria Gr.”
in Mr. Grote’s handwriting. It may be Mr. Grote has identified this
same form in other collections as his species. But this isnot £. amanaria
at all, but a slight variation from the type form of £. madusaria W\k.,
not sufficiently distinct however to deserve a varietal name.

Endropia helveolaria Hulst. In Mr. Neumcegen’s collection I find
2 d\diand 1Q of this species, each with label in Mr. Grote’s handwriting
“‘Lychnosea aulularia Gr. Type.” I cannot find the published descrip-
tion of either the genus or the species. The specific name, if it were
published at the time of Mr. Grote’s study of Mr. Neumcegen’s collec-
tion (1882) would be a synonym. What the fate of the genus would be
I cannot say, for the insect is likely not an Lxdropia.

Ellopia fervidaria Hiibn. Dr. Packard includes under this species
E. fiscellaria Guen., E’. flagitaria Guen., and as well the form called by
me £. somniaria, 1 have before me of what I esteem the true £. fervid-
aria 39 specimens, of £. fiscellaria 30, of £. sommariag. £. flagitaria
will not stand as a distinct species, but the other three seem to me not to
intergrade, and to be good species. In Z. fsced/aria Guen., there is very
creat variation in the width of the cross lines. In one specimen from

—51—

Mr. Hill of Albany, N. Y., they coalesce, and in one possessed by Mr.
Bruce of Brockport, N. Y. they coalesce and are broken at the middle of
the wing, thus forming a loop on costa and inner edge.

Ellopia endropiaria G. and R. It is very probable that this is a
synonym of £. pfulfaria Guen. The angulation of the wings which
Guenee speaks of, and which leads Dr. Packard to think Guenee’s species
is not the same, is a matter of no specific importance. I have some spe-
cimens with angulated, and others with rounded wings. The angulation
of the wings, which seems to have been given generic, often subfamily
value, is among our Lxnomine, not even specific in value. It is quite
often a sexual mark, the females always having the wings more pointed,
more falcate, and more angulated than the males. Often the same sex
thus differs in the various specimens,

Ellopia pellucidaria G. and R. Dr. Packard places this as a synonym
of £. seminudaria W\k., and had the idea they represented the differing
forms of the sexes. £’. drdularia G, and R., is without doubt a synonym
of £. seminudaria Wik. But with 13 specimens of £. pel/ucidaria G. and
R., before me, and more of £. seminudaria W\ik., I am of the opinion
not only that E. pellucidaria G. and R. is a good species, but one of the
most distinct of the genus. I have moreover both males and females of
both species, so Dr. Packard's idea that they represent the sexes only, is
unfounded.

Metrocampa margaritata var. perlata Guen. While it is recognized
that the American insect is not specifically distinct from the European,
yet I see no reason why it should be called a synonym only. It certainly
has differences which have been noted by various authors. These differ-
ences are very constant. The American insect is a good variety.

Leucula lacteolaria Hulst. This is a species of another genus new
to our fauna. It makes its appearance in Arizona, not in Florida, which
very curiously in the Lepidoptera has closer affinities with the tropics,
than any other portion of our country.

Antepione imitata Hy. Edw. This is without doubt as Mr. Edwards
suggests, a variety of A. su/phura/a Pack. I have not seen the type, but
have intergrading specimens.

Rumia baltearia Hulst. This is, in my opinion, a variety only of
XR. ochrearia Pack. Its appearance is however very different, as the
outer part of the median space forms a broad dark brown band.

Numeria occiduaria Walk. This species is generally if not universally
known in collections as N. pulveraria Linn., and the most of Lepidopt-
erists have judged them to be identical. In the imago state they can
hardly be thought otherwise. But there seems to be a very marked
difference in the larvae. Dr. Packard gives a description of the larve of

both the European and American species, but does not seem to notice
how different they are. That the larve are entirely unlike each other is
confirmed to me by Mr. Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., who has raised many
specimens of the European species in England, and of ours here. I think
as long as the matter stands this way, it is only fair to regard the Ameri-
can as a good species.

Nematocampa limbaria Haw. This is the insect afterwards named
N. filimentaria by Guenee, But the insect was undoubtedly the one de-
scribed by Haworth. As such it is figured in Wood's Index Entomo-
logicus, as it was regarded as a European as well as an American species,
Both Guenee and Packard seemed to have a suspicion that Haworth’s
name was the correct one for the insect. Mr. Grote’s WV. expunctaria is
a variety of this species, I have never met with the type form, but I have
seen examples of 1. “mébaria corresponding in both the front and hind
wings, but never in the same specimen,

Eurymene serinaria H. Sch, Dr. Packard thought this to be the
same as £. rosaria Grt. He does not seem to have known £. floscularia
Grt. Herrich-Scheeffer’s figure, though undescribed, is very excellent,
and is not Z. rosaria but E. floscularia. EE. rosaria seems to me to be
a good species, though it differs from £. floscudaria only in a general
softening of the colors, a very unreliable basis for specific distinction.
But with the few specimens of each I have, the two do not seem to inter-
grade.

Hyperetis amicaria H. Sch, This name, as has been remarked by
Mr. Grote, antedates the name A, myssaria of Guenee. The latter as
being the name of the form dark reddish brown on the outer third is a
good variety. .

The determinations given in the foregoing notes are without personal
knowledge of the types of either Guenee or Walker. Dr. Packard, as
well as Mr. Grote, have examined and commented upon those types,
and in the majority of cases identified them.

Mr, A.G. Butler has also published some notes upon the British
Museum types. Very few of the speciés in the Zxnomine of Guenee and
Walker remain to be identified. A hasty count gives 6 to Guenee, 9 to
Walker. But these will not disturb the synonomy much, if these authors
keep up their average of synonyms. Upon another hasty count of identi-
fied species I find Guenee named 36, and Walker 44. Of those of
Guenee 26 are synonyms, 10 are good. Of Walker’s 38 are synonyms,
6 are good. It is however only fair to say that some which: are not good
species are good varieties. But with the few species undetermined,
there stands very little possibility of much disturbance of the synonomy.

rt re

FOOD-PLANTS OF LEPIDOPTERA.

(No. 3.
By Wm.

Til.ccez.
Tilia Americana, L. (Basswood.)

‘« Europza. (European Linden. )
** alba, Michx. (White Linden.)

Anacardiacee.
Rhus glabra, L. (Smooth Sumac. )

Sapindacee.
Esculus hippocastania, L. (Com. Horse-
chestnut. )
(Sugar
Maple. )
** dasycarpum, Chr. (White or
Silver Maple. )
(Red or Swamp
Maple. )

Acer saccharinum, Wang.

SSermbrunm, IL.

‘** pseudoplatanus, L.
Negundo aceroides, Moench. (Box
Elder. )
K\Glreuteria paniculata, Laxm. (The
panicle-flowered Kolreuteria. )

Leguminose.
Gleditchia triacanthos, L. (Honey
Locust.)
Rosacee.
Prunus Virginiana, L. (Choke Cherry. )
Ehr. (Wild Black
Cherry.)

serotina,

Hamamelacee.

Liquidambar styraciflua, L. (Sweet

Gum.)
Lauracee.

Sassafras officinale, Nees. (Sassafras. )
Lindera Benzoin, Meisn. (Spice-bush. )

Urticacee.
Ulmus fulva, Michx. (Slippery or Red
Elm.)
(American or
White Elm.
(Whahoo or
Winged Elm.)
campestris, L. (English Field
Elm.)
suberosa, Moench. (Cork-
barked Elm.)

Americana, L.

alata, Michx.

I:ntomologica Americana, Vol TI.

Eacles Imperialis, Dru.)

BEUTENMULLER.

Platanacee.

Platanus occidentalis, L. (American
Plane or Sycancore. )
(Oriental

Plane.)

cs orientalis, L.

Cupulifere.

Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.)
** macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak)
** coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak. )

‘© rubra, L. (Red Oak).
palustris, Du Roi. (Swamp or
Pin Oak.)
‘© Cerris vulgaris. (Turkey Oak.)

Castania vesea, L. (Chestnut.)
«© pumila, Michx. (Chinquapin. )
Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Amer. Beech.)
«© sylvatica, L. (Wood or Common
Beech. )
Ostrya Virginica, Willd. (Hop Horn-
beam or Leverwood. )
Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Horn-
beam Blue or Water Beech. )

Betulacee.

3etula alba, L. (White Birch.)
*« var. populifolia, Spach.
Alnus incana, Willd. (Speckled or
Hoary Alder.)
serrulata, Ait. (Smooth Alder. )

Conifere.

Pinus strobus, L. (White Pine.)
** excelsa, Wallich. (Bhotan Pine.)
Abies excelsa, Dec. (Norway Spruce
Pir)
oe “var. pendula.
Larix Americana, Michx. (American or
Black Larch.)
Cupressus thyoides, L. (White Cedar. )
Taxodium distichum, Rich. (Amer.
Bald Cypress.)
(Common
Juniper. )
(Red Cedar.)

Juniper communis, L.

Virginiana, L.

8 June 1886,

Remarks on North American Scolytids.
By E. A. ScHwarz, WasuineoTon, D.C.
(Concluded from p. 42.)

Chramesus Chapuisii.

The two males I have seen are at once distinguished from those of
icori@ by the fringe of rather long, sparse and stiff bristles on the anten-
nal scape. In the many males of zcorze which I examined the fringe is
entirely wanting.

Rhopalopleurus pumilus.

This is mentioned in Mr. Henshaw’s Check List; but I do not know
upon whose authority it is claimed as a North American insect. At any
rate it must enter the genus Chramesus with which Rhopalopleurus is
synonymous.

Cnesinus Strigicollis.

The two sexes may be distinguished as follows:

‘Male: Front shining, flattened between the eyes, anteriorly trans-
versely depressed, the depression clothed with short grayish hair and
with a flattened tubercle on each side; antennal scape elongate, curved,
sutures of club fringed with long and conspicuous hairs.

Female: Front subopaque, sharply margined between the eyes,
anterior impression deeper, clothed with very dense reddish-brown hair
and without tubercles, antennal scape shorter, not curved, hairs of club
shorter and very fine.

Bothrosternus,

This genus was introduced into our fauna in the second edition of
the Classification by Drs. Leconte and Horn but the only North Ameri-
can species has not yet been described. Only a few specimens are known
in collections, and as the majority of them happen to be before me, the
description of an isolated species may be excused,

B. Hubbardi n. sp. Oblong-ovate, reddish brown, shining, nearly glabrous
above, antennze and legs reddish. Vertex finely punctulate, front smooth, longitu-
dinally excavated, the excavation with a deeper median line and anteriorly witha
tubercle on each side; beak extremely short, smooth, and with a median tubercle.
An acute ridge-runs each side above the insertion of the antennz to the middle of the
eyes and is continued along the inner margin of the eyes by a series of stiff yellowish
bristles which increase in length posteriorly. Thorax convex, a little wider than long,
sides nearly straight from base to middle, thence very much rounded, hind angles
rectangular, anterior angles very obtuse, surface densely strigoso—punctate, without
smooth median line but with the punctures on the disk and middle of base not oblong
and sparser, side margin indicated from base to beyond middle, flanks densely rugo-
sely punctate. Scutellurm hardly depressed. Elytra twice longer and at base distinctly
wider than the thorax, punctate-striate, interstices flat, rather sparsely rugosely
punctate, on the disk wider than the strize, narrowing on the declivity and each being
furnished on the posterior half of the elytra with a row of semi-recumbent, short,
yellowish bristles. Underside with sparse, short pubescence, front coxz still more

widely separated than in Cnesinus, ante-coxal ridges acute, metasternum rather
coarsely punctate, abdominal segments convex, moderately strongly punctate, Anter-
ior legs very little stouter than the posterior ones; front tibiz with an acute tooth at
apical third and with the outer apical angle prolonged into a broad process which is
longer than the first tarsal joint and which terminates in two acute, recurved teeth.

Length 2.5 mm.

Described from six specimens in which I fail to observe any sexual
characters. Three specimens were collected by Mr. H. G. Hubbard, to
whom the species is dedicated, at St. Lucie in Southern Florida on April
26th. From his diary I infer that they were beaten from Hickory trees.
The three other specimens are from the collection of Mr. Henry Ulke and
are also from Florida.

Four South American species of Bothrosternus have been described
which are known to me only from the descriptions, 2. Hubbardi seems
to come nearest to #uncafus Eichh., but differs in the form and _sculpt-
ure of the thorax. In our own fauna the species cannot well be con-
founded with any other Scolytid.

Hylesinus fraxini.

This is said (Eichh., Europ. Borkenk., p. 136), to occur in Califor-
nia; but I have never seen North American specimens answering the de-
scription of this European species.

Hylesinus trifolii Mueller,

is omitted from Henshaw’s List and ought to be inserted after opaculus.
(see Dr. Riley in Report of the Commissioner of Agricult., 1878, p.248),
According to Chapuis’s and Eichhoff’s mode of classification “47folit be-
longs to the second division of //y/as/es in which the third tarsal joint is
bilobed and the elytra separately rounded at base. This division is
identical with Leconte’s genus Hy/urgops of his group Aylasies, which
is distinguished by him from the typical Ay/urg: by the relative length
of the abdominal segments and the not-depressed scutellum. Both
characters hold true so far as the genus Ay/asfes is concerned but are of
little practical value for distinguishing the genus Aylurgops. Still, I
think that 47/ol? ought to be placed in the genus Aylesimus on -account
of the structure of the antennal club. In this genus the first joint of the
club is but little larger than the following, and always pubescent; where-
as in Hylastes and Hylurgops it is nearly as large as the rest of the club
always glabrous. This is the only species in our fauna of the tribe
HAylurgini which is known to infest an horbaccous plant.

Phlceosinus punctatus.

The sexual characters will help to distinguish this from the other
North American species;

Male: Front excavated, excavation smooth at middle and anteriorly
with a small tubercle. Tubercles on the elytral declivity more prominent.

Female: Front not excavated, but with a narrow median carina not
reaching the vertex. Tubercles on the elytral declivity smaller.

These sexual characters are nearly the same as in the European
P. thie.

Phleosinus serratus.

Can this be the male of den/afus? ‘The specific differences given by
Dr. Leconte are about the same as those between the two sexes of the
European Ph, Auber, Both forms, that with alternately elevated elytral
interstices (serra/us) and that with equal interstices (den/afus) have the
same food plant (Juniper), were beaten by Mr. Ulke and myself from
the same trees, and have the same geographical distribution. Still, ab-
solute proof of their identity is wanting, but the question can be easily
settled by anyone who has the opportunity of finding colonies of the
beetle still in their larval galleries. Both forms are widely distributed,
occurring from Maine to Florida and from Dakota to Texas and Arizona,
and J ean see no reason why PA. Haag? FEichh., (Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1868)
should not be synonymous with d/afus, and Ph. graniger Chap, (Syn.
d. Scol., p. 247) with serrafus.

Dendroctonus.

] have lately examined, in company with Mr. Ulke, a large series
of specimens in our collections, and we found that our species could be
sharply separated and all difficulties in their determination removed if
D. rufipennis, punctatus and simplex were considered to form a single
species, variable in size and sculpture of head and thorax. The variation
in size between these three forms is not greater than that exhibited in J.
/erebrans and the same sculptural differences may also be observed in the
latter species. However, nothing definite can be said before the life-
history of the different forms has been studied.

Crypturgus atomus
seems to be identical with the European C. pusillus Gyllh. (see Eichhofi,
Europ. Borkenk., p. 166).

Hylurgops pinifex
is synonymous with the European Ay/asles glabralus Zett.

——__—___——>-» +

CPM SEE DE AT BTL SF aT

We regret to record the death of Mr. Fredk. W. Klages of Pittsbugh, Pa., who
died of pneumonia on the 27th day of March 1886 in the 27th year of his age. Mr.
Klages was an enhusiastic collector, and though a mechanic, with little time to spare,
yet gathered a considerable collection. He collected in Kentucky, Florida and Ja.
maica as well as in the vicinity of Pittsburgh.

Entomology can ill afford to lose a young man so enthusiastic as Mr. Klages in
his chosen study.

On the variation and constancy of the elytral markings
in Chrysomela, Doryphora and allied genera.

By C. H. T. TownseEnp.

I have seen some discussion lately concerning the elytral variations
of Chrysomela scalaris Lec., aroused by Mr. Angell’s interesting notes
on the species in a previous number of this journal. I had not intended
writing anything on this subject until next season, after having had an
opportunity to examine as large a number of specimens as possible dur-
ing the summer, but perhaps a few genera] remarks at the present time
on this and one or two allied genera will not be out of place.

Some interesting notes on a sudden abundance of scalaris have
lately been contributed by Dr. Hagen (Can. Entom., vol. XVI, p. 120
and 225—6), and some other important observations by Mr. Caulfield
(Can. Entom., vol. XVI, p. 226—7 and XVII, p. 230). I have never
known this species to be abundant in this locality; nearly every season |]
have taken a few specimens, but no more. I shall find out, whether the
species is variable or constant here next season, but allow me to give it
as my opinion that ifit does not appear in large numbers it will be
variable. Mr. Angell, as above referred to; says of sca/aris: ‘‘Hundreds
collected at Cambridge last summer show scarcely any variation, while
specimens from New Jersey, Cape Cod and principally Canada are de-
cidedly inconstant and variable.” ‘This bears out my observations pre-
cisely. At Cambridge the species had increased in large numbers and
was very constant, while the specimens from other parts of the country,
where they had not increased to any extent but were only normally
abundant, were very inconstant and variable. ‘This is the point which |
wish to bring out. When the species is over-plentiful it seems to be
constant, but normally presents many variations. Mr. Caulfield’s ob-
servations seem to bear me out likewise; from his notes it appears that
scalaris is abundant at times in the neighborhood of Montreal, and very
constant. Packard states (Bull. U.S. Ent. Com., No. 7, p. 126—7) that
in the Summer of 1881 it was very abundant at Brunswick, Maine, on
the linden. From specimens taken in July and August he has drawn
up descriptions, from which it will readily be seen that the form was ex-
tremely constant, and very near the sca/aris type.

A more familiar case to many of us is Doryphora ro-lineata Say,
which has become a pest from its abundance, and seems to hold its own
as the years roll on, As is well known it shows no variation, but is very
constant; it certainly does not vary here (this strip of the country is in-
cluded in its original line of most direct spread), and no variations have
been noticed to my knowledge in any part of the territory overrun since
it began to increase. Specimens taken by me in Lawrence, Kansas, in

ep

1874 (twelve years ago), show no differences when compared with recent
specimens from this locality, except perhaps that the species has grown
slightly more robust. Yet it undoubtedly varied in its normal state in
the West, before it began to increase and take to the potato. The in—
teresting particulars of its yearly eastward spread since 1859 are given by
Packard in his Report on the Rocky Mountain locust and other injurious
insects of the West (Rep. of Geol. & Geog. Survey for 1875, p. 722-6).
Say gives its original habitat as the Upper Missouri, and mentions a
white variety with two of the lines united, supposed to be jumc/a Germ.,
which he took on the Arkansas. This latter form, which differs from
Zo-lineata in the larva state as well as in the imago and is now considered
a distinct species, is found in the more southern States and according to
Packard originally represented the latter on the eastern slope of the Rocky
Mountain Plateau. It is one of the old-time variations of 70-dineata.
Glover has mentioned and figured a form (U.S. Agr. Rep. for 1869, p.
123) which he says ‘‘is an apparent cross between the two (zo-dneata
and juncfa), or a variety once found in the South, in which the heavy,
thick black line of the juzc/a has a very fine yellowish line running partly
through it longitudinally”,

I have a specimen from Missouri (near St. Louis, taken June 2gth,
1884), which has a well marked furpish line running partly through the
heavy black one longitudinally, and with the elytra purplish next the
suture and around the edges; otherwise as in juzc/a, of which these last
two are variations. Another form, defecfa Stal, is recognized as a variety
of ro-dinea/a, but is a more modern variation than juncfa. These three
forms are represented in Mexico, Costa Rica and parts of western South
America by zz-dmeata Stal, from which zo-dnea/a probably originated,
and subsequently gave origin to jumcfa and defecfa. This interesting
representative of the ancestral form of the ‘Colorado potato-beetle” has
recently been recorded within our territorial limits.

Eight specimens of chvico/as Kirby taken here at different times
show a series of four finely marked forms: five of the normal form; one
in which the normal posterior marking of each elytron, formed by two
linear markings meeting at an acute angle forward, is represented by a
three-sided blotch; and two very striking variations, in one of which the
two anterior markings of each elytron are united in one broad black
band across both elytra, while in the other the same broad band is
present but with the posterior three-sided blotch also. These are two
very interesting variations, especially as this is quite constant compared
with many others.

As another example in another genus of the family, I would mention
Lina (formerly Plagiodera) scripia Fab. This species, which I have taken

in abundance in Louisiana, was at that time very constant, every spe-
cimen (of forty-three collected) being marked exactly the same, the
normal form being represented (see Psyche, vol. IV, p. 222). But Prof.
Riley has described and figured many variations of it from the West,
which were doubtless taken when the species was in its normal state of
abundance. Eight specimens of /afpfonica Linn, taken here (where I
have never known it to be abundant) show a series of five well marked
variations.

The cause of the constancy of a form when it becomes very numer-
ous in individuals is at first somewhat hard to see. We would naturally
suppose that under such circumstances it would be very inconstant, as
sexual selection would seem to have played no part, but all the indivi-
duals would naturally have had to pair to produce such abundance. But
here is just where we overlook the part which sexual selection has played
—and it certainly is the cause to which this constancy is to be attributed.
The form of a species which first begins to multiply rapidly and thus gets
ahead of its kindred forms (it is likely to be the typical form, as that is
the most numerous in individuals), is the one that will win. And it will
be constant because sexual selection preserves the s/andard of beauty in
a race which standard is determined by the majority. Now the large
majority in a species that has begun to increase is the typical form, and
from this we see that ifa species happens to multiply unduly (we know
_ not from what cause) and thus gets a start, it will perpetuate its type and
remain constant, while its kindred variations will be pushed to the wall
in the struggle for existence. Some influence seems to guard the pro-
pagation of a form while it is in a state of abundance, so that only the
form itself is produced and no variations occur. The image of the favor-
ed form, so predominant and numerous, seems to be deeply fixed in the
being of the parent-beetle to produce this form. But as long as the
species is in its accustomed state, variations are very frequently produced;
and moreover they find room for themselves and increase. At all events
these are the facts; I have given the explanation as I see it.

In conclusion, if C. sca/aris Lec. is shown, as it no doubt will be,
to graduate by variations into the form of philadelphica Linn., it will have
to be considered a variety of the latter; though other forms, as nearly
related as these two, but not having connecting variations, must neces-
sarily be regarded as distinct species. In other words sca/aris is not a
perfected species yet, but will be in time. How long a time may be
told by entomologists some centuries hence, when its connecting varia-
tions have passed away or developed into new species,

— —— +

—=to—

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.

(Continued from p. 32.)

CALLICHROMINI 21d TRACHYDERINI.

These two tribes are for convenience considered together. “They in-
clude all the Longicorns with a triangular scutellum, more or less acute,
and varying considerably in size. The species belong almost entirely to
the warmer parts of the country, The arrangement of genera is as
follows:

Hronticoxal cavities closedubehind’, (2 seen yes). se eee Callichroma.
Front coxal cavities open;

Mandibles acute or simple at tip:
Pronotum broadly lobed at base; poriferous system of antennz very distinct;

Metasternal pores absent, side pieces very wide...........+..... Megaderus.
Metastermal spores) distinct: < 5\2- ceaeeeMtbey sel c-0)cia # cic chs e)afee ieee eee
Pronotum not lobed, sometimes subsinuate at base, poriferous system often ob-
solete, and palpi in some genera scarcely impressed.......... .... .... 8
Mandiplesemarginate at tip... ../ jae «+ ~ . < 2 + + ss os dalam ee ee 4
gErothorax strongly armed ion sides .eepeee.. <5. is ole ntmeeen Dendrobias.
ErothoraxqUnitormly CONVEX 4... 3. 5. see RReieiem erie se- se cca ciclereeteenee ae Lissonotus.
3 Front large, square, perpendicular, abruptly separated from the ante-ocular space;
Brosternum vertical behinds... .\. saemieer tele cisrsc «| </sc0es) sie eee ee Stenaspis.
Prosternum arcuate at tip.
Blytra distinctly mareined at the sidesm..--.-........ --ehere Crioprosopus.
Flytra not or obtusely margined; .
Prothorax armed with a lateral spine; mesosternum not protuberant;
Bodyapubescent (ip... Meet ets cxeie-es 8s 6). eka arene Tragidion.
Body glabrous, elytra costake miss y-- +. «nj 60s tp ome Purpuricenus.
Body glabrous, <j‘ without antennal tubercles...........-... Metaleptus.
Prothorax rounded, cOnvex:,. .eerenin oc). . 6-20 sae |. 4athecerus:

front moderate, short, declivous, not abruptly defined each side;
Two ivory vittee on each elytron; prothorax margined at apex;

Mesostermum) declivauStesrc. |< cee © osc: os-s «gears Mannophorus.
One ivory vitta on each elytron; prothorax not margined at apex.

Mesostermum i protuberan ts ase — treme tert oo ele\-/-inls- icles Entomosterna.
Elytra without ivory vittee, mesosternum declivous;

Body pubescent; prothorax not margined at apex...... ......-.... Amannus.

Body pilose; -prothorax margined aba@perwe cc... 0... 2.0 sw Sere eos eee Batyle.

4 Elytra without ivory vitte;
Prothorax with an acute lateral spine;

yes not .diyideds pubescence fnCweemareaa. s.+ >. 5... serene Oxoplus.
Byes divided; ‘pubescence Coarse.cecemiteriy 0 ois. ++. <0). = 5. See Schizax.
Prothorax rounded on sides, with dorsal callosities............. S07) oe ylosiss
Prothorax rounded on sides, or feebly spinose, without dorsal callosities, pube-
scence long :and ,parily errect .Jsigumacs fea 30 =6 so epieponene Crossidius.
Prothorax narrowed in front, mesosternum convex..............Sphzenothecus.

ach elytron with two ivory viltee, prothorax narrowed in front;

1 6

Mesosternum declivous, body robust..........0....---2 esse eee .Perarthrus.
Mesosternum protuberant, body slender..... Ee ey Pies oie 5 cays ke Ischnocnemis.

The structural characters are so described by above schedule that
they will not be rehearsed in the specific descriptions. ‘The student is
referred to the ‘‘Classification” for further characters.

CALLICHROMA I[at.

The prothorax is very rugose and armed with a strong lateral spine
and the scutellum is moderate in size.

SYNOPSIS OF CALLICHROMA.

‘Thighs orange;
Elytra and parts beneath except abdomen and legs metallic green, tinged with a

GOPHERS LUE tae cletyiaiel<i< «<= + « «+. ateEMMeeMete = 6) ataeaiaierere stauatanee splendidum.
Wig iiovasan lh, . SSSBMEIREHIEo coos do aneobadec oposocmacc plicatum.
Front and middle thighs black, elytra blue......... .......+.... ...cobaltinum.,
iaehs black, elytra velvety black... ..... ss .s.gajapiayi<@ ale «<a . melancholicum.

C. splendidum Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, 1850, p. 37; Dej. Cat., 3d ed. p. 349;
elegans Hald. Trans. Am. Phil., X, 1847, p. 31.
Length 1.25 to 1.50 in. = 28 to 4o mm. Hab. Southern States. (Pl. , fig. 4.)

The coppery hue which is always distinct on the thorax, sometimes
is spread entirely over the elytra and this form is traditionally known as
VIF eESCENS .

C. plicatum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., VI, 1853, p. 233. Length 1 to 1.5 in, =
25 to 40mm. Hab. Texas.

C. cobaltinum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 195. Length 1 to 1.5 in. =
25 to36 mm. Hab. Lower California.

The transverse rugze of the prothorax are not so coarse as in the two
preceding species and the anterior transverse constriction is more regular
and stronger.

C. melancholicum Bates. Trans. Ent. Soc., London, 1872, p. 186; Chev.
Mss. Length 1.25 inch. = 30mm. Hab. Mexican Boundary.
All velvety black, except the legs and antennee, which are shining.

MEGADERUS Serv.

M. bifasciatus Dup. Mag. Zool. 1836, Cl. IX, p. 5, t. 141, f. 2; Lec. J.A.P.,
ser. 2, II, 1852, p. 176; Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 344; corallifer Newn., Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser, 2, IV, p. 195; Hald. Stansb. Expl. App. t.9, f. 15. Length 1 in. = 25 mm.
Hab. Texas, Ariz,

Black, tibiae and elytra partly rufous, but very variable in the arrange-
ment of the color, The thorax is very roughly punctured and_ the scu-
tellum large and acutely triangular. (Pl. , fig. 5.)

DENDROBIAS Serv.

D. mandibularis Serv. Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1834, ser. 1, Il], p. 42; Dup.
Mag. Zool. 1836, IX, p. 23, pl. 151, f. 1, ¢3 4-maculatus Klug, Dej. Cat., 3d ed.
p- 345; Dup. l.c., p. 22, pl. 151, f. 2; basalis Dup. l.c., 1840, XIII, p.6, pl. 33;
testaceus Dup, lI.c., IX, p. 24, pl. 152, f. 1; Lac. Gen. Col., 1869, IX, p. 201, note
1; sartorius Héppner, Dej. Cat., 3ded., p. 345. Length .80 to 1.20 in. = 20 to 30
mm. Hab. Cal., Tex., Ariz., New Mex. and Mex.

Entomologica Americana, Vol TI, 9 June 1886.

—=(}¢——

For the above synonymy I am indebted to Mr. Samuel Henshaw.
Piceous, variously variegated with dark yellow. Elytra black with four
large yellow spots. The thorax is rugose and armed with a sharp lateral]
spine and and the scutellum nearly as large as in AZegaderus (Pl. ,
hig. 6.)

LISSONOTUS Dalm. :

L. multifasciatus Dup. Mag. Zool. 1836, Cl. IX, p. 10, t. 143, f. 3. Length
-75 in. =17 mm. Hab. Arizona, Cal.

Black, elytra variously banded with yellow. Thorax is smooth and
scutellum again large. (PI. , fig. 7.)

STENASPIS Serv.

Contains two species easily separated by their color. ‘The thorax is
obsoletely rugose with tubercles at sides and finely punctured and the
scutellum moderate in size but acutely triangular.

Ss iverticalis Serv. Ann Pr. 1r8s4yemaes2; Dup. Wc) ips $7,0ta 2nOninee
Dejeani Hoeppner, Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 346; superba Newn. Ent. Mag. V, p. 493.
Length 1.25 in. = 30mm. Hab. Texas, Ariz.

The thorax and beneath yellowish rufous except abdomen, knees,
tarsi, and three spots on prothorax black; antennz yellow and_ black:
elytra purplish blue, shining. (Pl. , fig. 8.)

Sa solitarnia cay. J-A-P., Dil, seem ato; ec! [ANP iser 2, allmonos
p. 9; Proc. Ac. Phil., VI, p. 441; Col. Kans. p. 30, t. 2, f. 14 9; unicolor l.c. Suppl.
petit 36. Length 1/5 in. ==4o mm. @eabs Texas, Ark.) Kan: iColey Ne Mexe
and Arizona.

Uniform bluish black, slightly shining.

CRIOPROSOPUS Serv.

Contains three species with coarsely punctured thorax and moderate

but acutely triangular scutellum.

SYNOPSIS OF CRLOPROSOPUS.

PAEORHOVARDIACK 5 cs teeieters © ooeye't cteat eRe =I eos oe ols alse ee Ree splendens.
Prothoraxorange, spotted jwith black.” yamemiee |: - «+1 ce settee eee magnificus.
Erothoxax black, ‘sides’ withvorange bordémameyr.- . +... <->. semen eee eee lateralis.

C. splendens Lec. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., VI, p. 441; Arcan. Nat. 1859,
p. 127, t. 12, f. 9; rimosus Buq } Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 142; Mag. Zool., 1841, t. 66.
Length 1.37 in. = 35 mm. Hab. Texas.

The elytra are remarkable for the very deep and angular confluent
rugosities and the beautiful shining green color. The legs are more or
Jess yellow and otherwise the insect is black. (Pl. , fig. yg.)

C. magnificus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. V, 1875, p. 173. Length 1.5 in.
= 38mm. Hab, Arizona.

Bright orange, mouth, antenna, knees, tibia and tarsi black, head,
prothorax and abdomen spotted with black and elytra black with two
broad orange bands connected by narrow marginal line of same color.

PLATE II.

If, JUNE 1886.

MOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL.

ENTO

PLATE III.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL. II, JUNE 1886,

C. lateralis Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, 1884, p. 23. Length .44 in. =
11mm. Hab. Texas.
Black, clothed above and beneath with fine, erect, ashy pubescence.

Beneath finely, above deeply and coarsely punctured, Sides of prothorax
with broad orange border. Elytra with narrow side margin and_ broad
transverse fascia orange. ‘This is the smallest Trachyderide known.

(To be continued, )

ee

Explanation of Piates II and III.

The figuring is consecutive, and the numbers are scattered over both plates.
Figs. 24 to 26 represent forms not obtainable when the genus was treated of. Starred
figures we owe to Dr. Horn.

1 Elytroleptus floridanus. 16* Oxoplus corallinus.

2 Holopleura marginata. 17* Schizax senex.

3 Rosalia funebris. 18 Tylosis maculata.

4 Callichroma splendidum. 19 Crossidius discoideus.

5 Megaderus bifasciatus. 20 se intermedius.

6 Dendrobias mandibularis. 21 Sphzenothecus suturalis,

7 Lissonotus multifasciatus. 22 Ischnocnemis bivittatus.

8 Stenaspis solitaria. 23 Entomosterna cyanicollis.
g Crioprosopus splendens. 24* Nothorhina aspera.

10 Tragidion coquus. 25* Hypexilis pallidus.

11 Purpuricenus humeralis. 26 Hammaticherus castaneus.
12* Metaleptus Batesi. (after the biol. Cent. Am.) °
13 Aithecerus Wilsoni. 27 Callimus ruficollis.

14 Mannophorus lzetus. 28 Rhopalophora longipes.

15 Batyle ignicollis.

—_—————=»> + + ae

Notes and News.
Flight of Water Beetles.

A few days since while passing a small pond, I stopped to notice
the swarms of Gyrzmus on the surface and shortly after was struck by the
appearance of certain small black insects flying in the air. A few mo-
ments of close observation proved my suspicion, that the flying insects
were Gyrinus, to be correct, and I was able by careful watching for a
little while to observe the process entire. The insects after swimming
about on the surface for a time, or sometimes almost immediately after
coming to surface, would proceed to crawl up on the stones at the bank
or upon partially submerged sticks, grass etc. After climbing up a few
inches from the surface of the water, (I saw some as high as ten or twelve
inches) they would remain quiet for a while, apparently waiting to be-
come perfectly dry, then suddenly extend the wings and fly, taking to
flight so quickly that I was unable to catch sight of the wings till they
were in the air. Frequently they would fail to get well into the air, per-
haps caught by a sudden gust, and capsize upon the surface, in which

—64—

cases they folded their wings as quickly as possible and dove out of
sight; whether any of these capsized ones made a second effort I could
not determine. When they made a good flight they rose rapidly to a
height of forty or fifty feet, then flew away with the wind and would be
very quickly lost to sight. ‘The species is one rather common in this
locality, Gyrinus anahs.

I also saw several individuals of Mydrophilus glaber on stones and
sticks several inches above the surface of the water but did not see any
of them take to flight.

It was a warm spring day, and about half past four when I first
noticed the beetles. I watched them till nearly sundown, but they were
not nearly so plenty the latter part of the time, partly perhaps on account
of the change in temperature, possibly partly on account of my taking
advantage of their terrestrial habit to secure a number of specimens.

Ames, Iowa. HERBERT OsBorn.

* *

We have received a circular referring toa Summer Course in Ento-
mology and General Invertebrate Zoology at the Cornell University,
Ithaca, N.Y. Prof. J. H. Comstock is in charge of this Department,
and the course will comprise lectures, laboratory practice and field work.
It wid] begin Monday, June 21st, and continue 10 weeks. The fee to
others than college graduates or undergraduates taking regular courses
at the University, will be $25. This is an excellent way of spending a
summer vacation—it enables an Entomologist to follow his hobby, and
at the same time initiates him into methods of study that will prove ad-

vantageous to him in the further pursuit of his favorite science.
a

Book Notices.

Dinapate Wrightii and its larva. By George H. Horn, M.D. ‘Trans. Am.
Fnt. Soc. XIII, pp. 1—4 and PI. I.

That a Bostrychid, nearly two inches in length, sho. ld remain so
long undiscovered is passing strange; but this is what Dr. Horn presents
to us in the above paper. It is from the Mojave desert, Calif., which if
the rest of its fauna is as peculiar as this species must be an Entomo-

logical paradise.
eee p

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. May 4th, 1886. — Twenty members
present, the President in the chair. Dr. 8. W. Williston of New Haven, Conn.,
was elected a member of the Society. Mz. Leng was appointed a committee to
arrange for the annual excursion of the Society on May 31st.

Mr. Smith read a paper on ‘Ants’ nests and their inhabitants”, giving a
popular account of myrmecophilous insects and their habits. Dr. Williston
supplemented the acount with further notes on the Diptera found in ants nests
‘either in the larval or mature stage, and remarked on some curious resemblances
of certain Diptera to ants.

Mr. Weeks read a brief paper on some parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera,
merely mentioning the facts of their occurrence. Dr. Williston added a few
remarks on the life habits of some Tuchinids.

|

TON UGC
AMERICANA

VOL. Il. BROOKLYN, JULY, 1886. NO. 4.

Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North
American Beetles, published in 1885.

By SamureL HeEnsHaw,

In Part II the first number refers to the author-list in Part I.

A few articles either accidentally omitted from or received too late
for insertion in the previous Record (Ent. Amer. v. I, p. 41.) are included
now. A few papers of general interest although not especially relating to
American beetles are also included.

In the papers recorded sixteen (16) new genera and two-hundred
and fifty (250) new species are described by nine (9) authors.

piece seek wees
Angell, G. W. J. synoptic table of related species;
1 Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec. doubts the occurence in N. Ameri-
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 126-128, ca of Lathridius filiformis Gyll.
figures. Berge, A.
Bets). 1. 5 Enumération des Cétonides décrits
2 List of Staphylinidae taken at Belle-| depuis la publication du catalogue de
ville, Ont. MM. Gemminger et de Harold.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 49-59. Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p.
Sixty-six named species. 113-163.
3 (Xyloryctes satyrus in Ontario. Bergroth, E.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58. 6 Vega-Coleoptera und Hemiptera.
Belon, Marie-Joseph. Ent. Nachrichten 1885, v. II, p.
4 Note sur quelques espéces du genre 268-270.
Cartodere Thoms. List with localities of the species
C. R. Soc, Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, mentioned and described by Sahl-
p- Cxci-cxciii, berg in his reports upon the Vega
Describes ©. intermedia na. sp., collections.

—60——

Bisshopp, E. F.

7 The Death-watch, (Xestobium tessela-
tum.)

Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 237-238.
Blanchard, F.

8 On the species of Canthon and Pha-
naeus of the United States with notes
on other genera.

Trans. Am. Ent, Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p. 163-172.
9 Cryptobium flavicorne Lec.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 180.
Distinet from C. pallipes.
Bonhoure, Alph.
10 Note sur le Platypsylla castoris Rit-
sema et sa capture en France.
Ann, Soc. Ent. France, 1884, ser. 6.
v. 4, p- 147-154, plate 6.
Branden, C. Van den
11 Catalogue des Coléoptéres Carnass-
iers aquatiques (Haliplidae, Amphi-
zoidae, Pelobiidae et Dytiscidae.)
Ann. Soc, Ent, Belg. 1885, v. 29, p.
1-118.
Bruner, Lawrence
12 Notes from Nebraska.
Rept. Com. Agric. for 1884-85, p.
398-403.
Brief notes on Plagiodera scripta
and Doryphora 10-lineata.

Casey, T. L.
13 New genera and species of Californi-
an Coleoptera.
Bull. Cal. Acad. Sciences, 1885. v.1.
p. 283-336. 1 plate.

Caulfield, F. B.
14 Trapping Coleoptera.
Ca. Ent, 1885, v. 17, p. 229-230.
Principally Silphidae.
15 Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 230.
Clarkson, F,
16 The dung pellet-makers.
Rept. Ent. Soc, Ont. for 1884-85,
p- 40.
Reprint from Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16.
p. 18-19; see Ent. Amer. v. 1, p.
42, No. 14.

17 The elm leaf beetle (Galeruca xan-
thomelaena Schrank. )
Rept. Ent, Soc. Ont. for 1884-85,
p. 40-41.
Reprint from Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16.
p. 124-125; see Ent. Amer. v.1,
p. 42, No. 16.
18 Seaside captures (about New York.)
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 106-108.
19 Elaphidion villosum Fabr.
Can, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 188-190.

Claypole, E. W.
20 Entomology by the electric lamp.
Ca. Ent, 1888, v. 17, p. 117-119.
Record of insects attracted
the electric lamps.

to

Dimmock. Anna K.
21 The insects of Betula in N. America.
Fsyche 1885, v. 4. p. 239-243; 271-
286,
Thirty-one species of beetles aire
mentioned,

Dimmock, George

22 Xyloryctes satyrus and Strategus an-
taeus.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 39.
Distribution,

Dohrn, C, A.

23 Classification of the Coleopteia of

North America.
Stett. Ent, Zeit. 1884, v. 45. p. 32-
37; 113-125.
Critical view of the Classification
of Leconte and Horn.

24 Revision der Amerikanischen Cucu-
jidae Nordlich yon Mexico, von
Thomas L. Casey.

Stett. Ent- Zeit. 1884, v. 45, p. 4or-
404.
Review.

25 Neuere publicationen iiber nord-
amerikanische Kiifer, von Dr. Geo.
H. Horn.

Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1884, v. 45, p. 444-
447-
Review and extracts from Notes

on Anomala and Notoxus.

—6

Dos J:
26 Note on Dynastes.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 120-
121.
Found near tips of branches of Mt.
Ash in Col. (=Ariz.)

Donckies de Donceel, H.

27 List des Brenthides décrits postér-
ieurement au catalogue de M. M.
Gemminger and yon Harold.

C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28,
p- cccili-cex.

28 Liste des Anthribides decrits post-
érrieurement au catalogue de M. M.
Gemminger and von Harold.

C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28,
p. CCxiv—CCxxxill.
Donovan, C, Jr.

29 Dytiscus marginalis found in salt
water.

Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 13.
Duges, Eug.

30 Metamorphoses de la Leptinotarsa
undecimlineata Stiil.

Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p.
1-6, plate I in part.

31 Metamorphoses du Tropisternus la-
teralis Fabricius.

Ann. Soc. Ent, Belg. 1884, v. 28, p.
7-12. plate 1 in part.

32 Metamorphoses du Mallodon angus-
tatum Thoms.

Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg.. 1884, v. 28, p.
12-18. plate 2.

Forbes, S. A,

33 Fourteenth Report of the State En-
tomologist on the noxious and bene-
ficial Insects of the State of Illinois.

Springfield, Ilinois, 1885,
Short notes on Hippodamia macu-
lata and other Coccinellids, Puria
aterrima, Scelodonta nebulosus, S.
pubescens, Orepidodera helexines
and Saperda tridentata. Index to
the first twelve Illinois Reports.
Fowler, W. W.

34 Note on Hypothenemus

West.

eruditus

Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 21, p. 256-
257.
35 Water beetles guided to water by
sight and not by other senses.
Ent. 1883, v. 16 p. 286.
36 The genus Cercyon.
Ent, 1884, v. 17, p. 54-59.
Relates to British species but sev-
eral found in the United States are

mentioned.
37 The ‘‘Death-watch” and its sound.

(Xestobium tesselatum.)
Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 188-190.
French, G. H.
38 Larva of Chrysomela clivicollis Kby.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 19.
Description; food-plant.

Frost, J.
39 Water-beetles and light reflected by
glass.
Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 286,
Fuchs, C.
40 (Collecting in California. )
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 125.
Godman, F. Ducane & Osbert Salvin.
41 Biologia Centrali-Americana.
London.
Parts 35-43 Jan. 1885—Dec.1885
contain portions of the Staphylini-
de and Bruchidae by Sharp, Ma-
lacodermata by Gorham, Longi-
cornica by Bates, Phytophaga by
Baly and Jacoby and Tenebrioni-
dae by Champion.
Hagen, H. A,
42 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus
etc.)
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58-6o.

Hamilton, John
43 Hibernation of Coleoptera.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 35-38.
44 Short notes on Coleoptera,
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 45-48.
45 Remarks on some species of Coleop-
tera with supplementary descriptions
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 103-106.
46 Entomology at Brigantine Beach, N.
J. in September.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v, 17, p. 201-206.

— fe==

Hanham, A. W.
47 Entomological Notes.
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1884-85 p.
41-42.
Reprint from Ca, Ent. v. 16, p
98-99. See Ent. Amer. v. 1, p. 44.
No. 55.
Harrington, W. Hague.
48 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus. )
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58.
49 Are Cuculio larvae lignivorous?
Ent. Amer, 1885, v. I, p. 18-19.
Answered in the affirmative.
Henshaw, S.
50 List of the Coleoptera of America,
north of Mexico.
Phil. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885 ,8vo. p.161
51 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus. )
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 40.
52 Determinations of the 36 Coleoptera
described by D. Ziegler.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17. p. 131-132.
53 Record of some contributions to the
literature of North American beetles
published in 1883-84.
Ent. Amer.1885, v.1, p. 41-483 73-77
54 Coleoptera of America,
Science 1885, v. 6, p. 454.
Number of species in recent lists.
orn, Gr ka.
55 Notes on some Staphylinidae.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 121-

122. |
Relates to the forms of Edaphus;|
Trogophloeus laticollis belongs to
Haploderus.

A note on some Hydrophilidae.

Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 137-139.
Hydrophilus and Tropisternus dis-
tinct; separation of the species of)
Hydrophilus; records Tropisternus
apicipalpis and Berosus Salvinii
from North America.

Synonymical Notes.
Ent, Amer. 1885, v. I. p. 5-9.

56

Newman’s species.
A note on Scotocryptus.
Ent. Amer, 1885, v. 1, p. 51-52.
Synonymical Notes. No. 2.

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 88-90.
The species described by Beauvois
60 Synonymical Notes. No, 3.
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 108-113.
T he species described by Casey.
61 (Notes on some Cerambycidae. )
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 130-133.
Notes and descriptions of the spe-
cies of Romalewm, Aneflus and
Eustroma contributed to Leng’s
Synopsis of the Cerambycidae.
62 A study of some genera of Elater-

idae.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
D. 33-52.

63 A study of the species of Cryptobium
of North America.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. I2,
p. 86-106. 2 plates.
64 Studies among the Meloidae.
Trans, Am, Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,

p- 107-116.
65 Descriptions of North American
Scarabaeidae.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p. 117-128.

66 Contributions to the Coleopterology
of the United States. No. 4.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p- 128-162.
67 Descriptions of some new Ceramby-
cidae with notes.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
173-197.
68 Synopsis of the Throseidae of the
United States.
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12.
p. 198-208.
69 (Note on the Classification of the
Staphylinidae.
Science 1885, v. 5, No. ror, p. V,
Proc.
70 (Tarsal modifications in Silphidae
and Cerambycidae.)
Science 1885, vy. 5, No. 114, p. V.
Proc.
71 (Note on Dinapate Wrightii n. g. et.
n. sp.)
Science 1885, v. 5,
Proc.

\

No, 148, p, —

—69=4

Hubbard, H. G.

72 Notes on the habits of Hypotrichia
spissipes Lec., with description of
the females.

Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 215-217, fig.
Kerremans, Charles

73 Enumération des Buprestides dé-
crits posterieurement au Catalogue
de MM. Gemminger and de Harold.

Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1885, v. 29,
p- IIg-157.
Kilman, A. H.

74 The punctured clover leaf weevil

(Phytonomus punctatus.)
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont, for 1884-85,
Baig2:
Reprint from Ca. Ent. v. 16, p.
144-145; See Ent. Amer. v. 1, p.
45, No. 87.
Knaus, Warren.
7) Are Curculio larvae lignivorous?
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 150.
Answered in the affirmative.
76 Additions to the Catalogue of Kan-
sas Coleoptera for 1883 and 1884.
Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 1885, v. 9,
p. 57-61.
List of 160 species.
77 On some salt marsh Coleoptera.
Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 1885, v. 9,
p. 64-65.
A few species of Cicindela and
one of Rhyssemus are mentioned.
Lameere, Aug.

78 Longicornes capturés aux Etats-

nnis par le Dr. E. Fromont.
C.R. Soc, Ent. Belg. 1884,. v. 28,
Pp, Cccxxil,
Mentions a few species.
Leconte, J. L.

79 Short studies of North American
Coleoptera No, 2.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p. I-32.
Lefevre, Ed.

80 Descriptions de quatre generes
nouve aux et de plusieurs espéces
nouvelles de Coleoptera de la famile
des Eumolpides.

C. R. Ent. Soc. Belg. 1884, v. 29,

p. Cxcill—ccvi.
81 (Synonymical Notes on Eumolpides)
Ann, Ent. Soc. France 1884, ser. 6,
v. 4, p. xlv—xlli; Ixxv—Ixxvi.
Leng, C. W.
82 Synopses of Coleoptera (Cerambyci-
dae.)
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 117-
119; Ent. Amer, 1885, v.1,p. 28-35;
130-136, plates 1-3.
83 (Water-beetles.)
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 39.
Observed beneath ice.
84 (Abnormal Monilema. )
Ent. Amer, 1885, v. I, p. 136.
Lintner, J. A.
85 Second report onthe injurious and
other insects of the State of N. Y.
Albany 1885, pp. xiv-265.
Amphicerus bicaudatus, Lema tri-
lineatus, Tribolium ferrugineum,
Brachytarsus variegatus and Ara-
migus Fulleri are discussed and
Jigured; figures and brief notes of
a few others are given.
Lucas, H.
86 Note sur le Gibbium scotias.
Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1884, ser. 6,
v. 4, p. Ixxvii-lxxviii, Bull.
87 Sur la larve du Gibbium scotias.
Ann. Soc. Ent, France 1884, ser. 6,
Vv. 4, p. Cxxiv—-cxxv. Bull.
Marsh, C. D.
88 Swarming of a dung beetle, Apho-
dius inquinatus.,
Am. Nat. 1885, v. 19, p. 716.
Matthews, A.
89 On a new genus allied to Corylophus
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 160-
161,
Mc Donald, G. L.
90 Peculiar mistake of Dytiscus margi-
nalis.
Ent. 1883. v. 16, p. 263-264.
Glass mistaken for waler.
Moffat, J. Alston.
91 (Capture of Chrysomela pnirsa.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 40.
Olliff, A. Sidney.
92 On the Coleopterous genus Holopa-

—70—

ramecus Curtis.
Ent, 1883, v. 16 p, 1-4.
Describes H. singularis Beck.

Packard, A. S.

93 Second report on the causes of the
destruction of the evergreen and
other forest trees in Northern New
England and New York.

Rept. Com, Agric. for 1884, 1885,
Pp. 374-383.
Monohammus confusor, Glyco-
bius speciosus and Saerda cal-
carata are mentioned.

Ricksecker, L. E.

94 (Biological Notes.)

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 96-98.
Habits and habitats of several
species.

Riley, C. V.

95 The imported elm leaf beetle. Its
habits and natural history and
means of counteracting its injuries.

Bull, No. 6, U.S. Dept, Agric. Div,

Ent, 1885, pp. 18, figs, and 1 plate.

96 Water beetles destroying Carp.

Bull. U.S, Fish Com. 1885, v. 5, p.

311.

Species of Dytiscus or Cybister?

97 Parasites of the larva of Lachnoster-
na fusca.

Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 224.

98 Report of the Entomologist.

Rept. Com, Agric. for 1884, 1885,

p. 285-418, to plates.

Proc. A. A. A, Sci. 1885, v. 33, p.
538-5309.
See Ent. Amer. v. 1, p. 47, No.
129.
Sahlberg, John.

100 Bidrag till Tschuktsch-halféns in-
sekt fauna. Coleoptera och Hemip-
tera insamlade under Vega-expedi-
tionen vid halféns norra och éstra
kust 1878-1879.

Vega-expedionens vetenskapliga iak-
ttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 1-42.

101 Coleoptera och Hemiptera, insam-
lade af Vega-expeditionens medle-
mar 4 Berings sunds amerikanska-
kust uti omgifningarma af Port
Clarence, vid Grantley Harbour och
sjon Iman-ruk den 23-26 Juli 1879.

Vega-expeditionens —_ vetenskapliga
iakttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 43-58.

102 Coleoptera och Hemiptera insamla-
de af Vega-expeditionens medlemar
p2 Bering-on den 15-18 Augusti 1879

Vega-expeditionens _-vetenskapliga
iakttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 59-7F.
Mentions a few species found in
the United States.
Schwarz, E. A.

103 (Note on montane beetles. )

Science 1885, v. 5, No. 120, p. V,
Proc.

104 (Mandibular appendages of Epicae-
rus imbricatus. )

Science 1885, v. 5, No. 120, p. V.
Proc,

The following species are discuss-\Seher, Thaddeus,
ed viz: Epicaerus imbricatus, Phyl-| 105 (Distribution and habitat of Rhopa-

lotreta vittata, P. Zimmermani, P.
albionica, Doryphora 10-lineata,

lopus sanguinicollis.)
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 156.

Plagiodera scripta, Mallodon me-\gharp, D.

lanopus, Trichobaris trinotatus,
Anomala varians, Sphenophorus
robustus, 8S. sculptilis, Euphoria
Kernii, Pristoscelis ater, Caland-
ra oryzae and Aramigus Fulleri.
Remedial measures. Figures.

99 On the hitherto unknown mode of

106 Note on the genus Plagithmysus

Motsch.
C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1885, v. 29,

p. Ixxiv—Ixxvi,
Not seen.
107 Note on Hydrobius fuscipes. —
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1884, v. 21, p. 84-85

oviposition in the Carabidae (Ab-|Smith, J. B.

stract.)

108 Dynastes again.

aay.

Bull. Bk). E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 151-
Hell’s Canon in Ariz. not Col.;
distribution of D. Granti.

109 (Lycus Fernandezi found in Tex.)

Bull. Bk). E. S. 1885, v. 7, P+ 125.

110 Species, varieties and races.

Ca, Ent! 1885, v. 17, p- 3-9-
Describes the variations among
several species of Cicindela.

111 Water beetles.

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 16.
Favorable places and seasons of
the year for collecting; net.

112 An abnormal Lucanrus cervus.

Ent. Amer, 1885, v. I, p- 27-

113 Stylopidae. ,

Ent. Amer. 1885, v- I, p- 38-

114 (Color of Coptocycla aurichalcea. )

Ent. Amer, 1885, v. 1, p. 78.

115 Some new species of Hispini.
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p- 94-95-
Snow, F. H.
116 Lists of Lepidoptera and Coleop-
tera collected in New Mexico by the
- Kansas University scientific expedi-
tion of 1883 and 1884.
Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci, 1885, v. 9,

p- 65-69.

Mentions about 150 species, some

are not fully identified.
Townsend, C. H. T.

117 A list of Coleoptera collected in

Louisiana on or south of parallel 30°.

|[—

Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p- 66-73.
About 110 species are mentioned.
118 On the distribution of the genera
of Carabidae along a river system.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p- 170-171.
119 Notes on Acmaeodera pulchella
Hbst.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 231-232.
Variation and food plants.
120 Notes on some Coleoptera taken in
South Louisiana.
Psyche 1885, v. 4, p- 219-222.
Walker, J. J., and W. W. Fowler.
121 Coleoptera in salt water.
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v- 22, p. 45-

Websdale, G. R.
122 The Death watch and its sound.

Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 236-237.
Xeslobium tesselatumis mentioned.

Wenzel, H. W.
123 Note on Sandalus.

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 107.
Habitat.

Wood, Theodore.
124 Hydradephaga in salt water.
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p- 44-45
125 Experiments with Bruchus infested
Beans.

Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 114.
Germinating qualities not affected;
reproductive capabilities of adult
plants injured; plants free from
attacks of Aphis rumicis.

(To be continued. )

Among the tools of trade which a Coleopterist ought to carry into

the woods with him, is a pipe and some vile tobacco.

By puffing smoke

into the crevices of bark, into cracks, crevices, cavities in trees and
other places where insects hide, the inhabitants may be easily dislodged.
I have seen a dozen beetles run out of the crevices on top of a stump,
after I had supposed I had taken everything to be found there.

The species of Chalcophora as a rule feed on evergreens. Among the
American species C. campestris Say has been taken by Mr. Schwarz and
myself on sycamore, which they attack when the tree is entirely dead and
dry, and this is the only species thus far known that feeds in deciduous trees.
It is likely that C. Fudlert, which resembles campestris very strongly in
form, will be found to have similar habits. J.B.S.

—72—

Notes and News.

GrosvENoR Lrprary, Buffalo, N. Y., 5-21-86.

Dear Sir: I take pleasure in informing you that at a recent meeting of

Buffalo Entomologists, held for the purpose of making arrangements for

the entertainment of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S., it was de-

cided to tender the Club a reception on the occasion of their coming

meeting here in August next; and also an excursion to some point of in-
terest near the city.

We hope there will be a good attendance at these meetings; and
shall do everything in our power to make them successful and enjoyable.

Sincerely yours,
E. P. Van Duzez, Secretary.
Joun B. Suirtx,
Secretary Entomological Club, A. A. A, S,

It is hoped that the attendance of Entomologists will be large, and
that they will come well provided to add to the interest of the meet-
ings. It is desirable that those who expect to attend and who will have
papers to read, send in the titles, and the time they expect to occupy to
Prof, J. A. Lintner, Albany, N.Y., Prof. C. V. Riley, Washington, D. C.
or Mr. John B, Smith, National Museum, Washington, D.C. In the
next number we shall hope to publish further particulars. as well asa
programme for the first meeting. JS;

tO ee

Book Notices.

Dr. H. A. Hagen’s Monograph of the Embidina is one of the most .

important memoirs that has appeared in the Canadian Entomologist for
several years.

It fills somewhat over fifty pages, was commenced in the August
(1885) number and concluded in the number for November.

Seventeen species are recognized, four being described as new, one
of these (Oligotoma Hubbardi) taken at Enterprise, Fla., by Mr. H. G.,
Hubbard is the only species recorded from the United States. Species
of Embidina are so rare that few American entomologists have seen
them; the concluding part of Dr. Hagen’s memoir however giving the
family characters, notes on systematic position, habits, distribution &c.,
is of special value and interest to all students,

Dr. Hagen with his unrivalled knowledge and material owes science
the elaboration of the American species of Neuroptera and we hope this
paper may be taken as an assurance that the work will not be left to less
skilled hands. :

On the American species of the genus Utetheisa, Hue/ner.
By H. B. Morscuirr, Kronfoerstchen bei Bautzen.

Mr. Stretch in his valuable work “Illustrations of Zygzenidee and
Bombycidz of North America” describes three species of Ué¢hetsa, viz:
bella Linn., speciosa Walker, and ornairix Linn. _ Besides this he men-
tions a fourth species or variety, and he gives beautiful figures of all.
The author is doubtful whether these forms are specifically distinct, or
merely varieties of one species.

It seems indeed difficult to decide this question, for the preparatory
stages of de//a alone are known. But even if known, the larvee might dif-
fer in size and color without proving the distinctness of the imago, for
the larva of a species often varies under the influence of food and climate.

I shall attempt to clear the subject as far as possible at present, and
detail the descriptions: Linne described two species, Je//a and ornatrix,
placing them in the Noctuidae. Cramer also describes and figures them,
but he mistook de//a, and mixed two species under this name, that form
being figured as de//a, which Walker afterwards described as sfeczosa.
Cramer says, Vol. II, p. 20, ‘‘Le fond des ailes superieures des males est
pour lordinaire d’une jaune obscure ou orange, tandisque les femelles
comme celle nous representons ici, ont ce fond rouge. On le trouve
dans |’amerique meridionale, a la New York, et dans ’ Isle Jamaique.”
This description proves that Cramer saw only males of the yellow Jel/a
and females of the red sfeczosa. It seems also that later authors, Hiib-
ner, Herrich-Schaeffer, Walker and Stretch, have not compared Cramer's
description and figures of de//a otherwise they would not have cited pl.
109, f. C, D, as della L. It is most strange that Walker has not cleared
up this matter, for he describes the form figured by Cramer as a new
species under the name sfeczosa, and yet cites the figure with de//a L.

If we compare only a few specimens of these two species, and of or-
nairix there seems to be considerable difference between them; but with
a great number of specimens for comparison there are specimens grading
from one into the other. My friend Dr. Staudinger was kind enough to
send me all the specimens of his rich collection for comparison, and these
with my own collection gave 35 examples for comparison, viz: 10 dela,
22 speciosa, and 20 ornatrix from various parts of North and South
America and the West Indies.

I compare della from the United States, and from Cuba, sfeciosa
from Cuba, St. Domingo and Jamaica W. I., and ornatrix from Panama,
St. Croix, and St. Kitts, W. I., Surinam, Columbia and Peru.

If we carefully compare the three species we will observe certain
peculiarities of maculation common to all, viz: primaries having four
black dots at the costa, extended to rows of dots in de//a and speciosa; a

Entomologica Americana, Vol TI. 11 July 1886.

subterminal row of black dots, a similar series at the outer margin, and
two black spots near the tip of the wing. Beneath, the primaries are deep
red with three black spots at the costa, sometimes appearing as broken
bands, an interrupted black subterminal band crosses the wing, and
there is a row of black dots at the outer margin. Secondaries with a nar-
row or wide black outer margin, widest at’the apex where it incloses a
white or pale red spot, and having usually an inward dilation of this
black margin beyond the middle. Palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen
white, the former with black spots, the abdomen unspotted above, be-
neath with two rows of black dots. Prothorax and pategia with a yellow
or red spot on each side. ‘The differences between these species are that
bella has yellow primaries with six transverse bands, each containing a
series of black dots, while sfeczosa is vermillion, the bands as in ée/la.
The secondaries of these two species are pink. Ormafrix has pale flesh
colored primaries, the costa narrowly and interruptedly vermillion, the
pale spaces with black costal dots, and there are also usually two black
dots beyond the middle of the wing: these are, however sometimes want-
ing. The subterminal row of dots is in an obsolete white band, and be-
tween that and the series of dots at the outer margin, is a narrow broken
band of vermilion. Beneath, the primaries are as in dela and sfecvosa.
Secondaries white, the black outer margin generally very wide. Beneath
the costa is pink.

It does not seem to be doubtful that here are three specifically
distinct forms, should the differences be constant; but as already men-
tioned, there are specimens which prove that these species merge one
into the other. These I shall describe as far as I can compare them,

All specimens from the United States which I saw were true dela,
but a specimen from Cuba varies toward sfecrosa in that the. primaries
show rosy hue. ‘The second example from Cnba is most interesting
for it at once merges speciosa and ornatvix. ‘The primaries are white with
a rosy hue; the first and fourth bands only are perfect and run to the
inner margin, the second and third only as costal spots, and all are
yellow with a slight reddish hue, as is the stripe near the outer margin.

Secondaries partly rosy, partly white, the latter color near the hind
margin. ‘This specimen approaches Stretch’s fig. 17 of pl. II, but the
spots of the primaries are yellow, not red, and the secondaries have the
black outer margin more narrow, and the rosy hue more extensive.

The examples of speciosa from the West Indies vary considerably:
some have vermillion primaries and sharply limited white bands, while
others have white primaries with small and obsolete red bands, and
sometimes the bands are broken into spots.

With regard to ovna/rix, all examples from the mainland are true to
type, and vary very little, —specimens from Peru only showing a more

dusky tint. But the examples from the West Indies seem to run more
or less into speciosa. ‘There are specimens from St. Croix and St. Kitts,
diffefent only from the South American ornaérix by the beginning of red
longitudinal stripes on the primaries, while others show these stripes
wider and broader, until the red color is extended by degrees over the
whole wing.

The most striking specimen, from St. Croix, has quite red primaiies,
the base is white, three sharply defined white bands run from costa to
middle of wing, the subterminal white band is distinct, al! the bands
contain black spots, and there are also a few white, rounded spots; one
opposite the first band, near the inner margin; one opposite the second
band in the middle of the wing, and 2 smaller spots, enclosing black
dots between the third ands.t. band. Secondaries’ white, with black
outer margin as in ornairix. ‘There is no doubt that these examples are
transitions from ornai/rix to speciosa. It is a fact well known to Entomo-
logists. that the insular climate influences the size and color of some in-
sects; and this seems to take place with these species to a considerable
degree. ella seems to be the Northern form which flies from the At-
lantic States to Texas, where it is replaced by ornatrix, the Southern form,
and this reaches into South America, and also appears in the West
Indies But it is variable in the small Islands, and fluctuates more or
less between the mainland form, and the insular sfeczosa.

Speciosa is the insular form and remains constant in the largest
Islands, becoming variable in the smaller ones, and there it sometimes
merges into de//a, Among the specimens of sfeczosa in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection, there are two labeled ‘‘Bogota”. They are collected by
Baron von Nolken, and it seems doubtful whether this labelling is cor-
rect, because neither Dr. Staudinger nor myself ever got speciosa from
South America, Mr. Nolken on his way to Bogota also collected in
‘Jamaica, and it is possible that these two specimens were caught in this
Island and not in South America, and that the labelling was done by
mistake.

Finally I shall attempt to rectify the synonomy of this species, for
Linne described ornatrix before Je//a, and the former name must be ac-
cepted for the species and ded/a must be applied as one of its varieties.

U. ornatrix Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 837 (1767); Fab.; Drury; Hb.; Westwood;
Wik., List 567; Stretch, Ilustr., p. 56, Pl. Il, fig. 18.

Habitat: Texas, Mexico, West Indies, South America.

Var. bella Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 885 (1767); Fab.; Dru.; Westwood; Morris;
Harris; Packard; Grote; Cramer, Vol. II, p. 20, (in part); Wlk., List, p. 568;
Stretch, Illustr., p, 56, Pl. Il, fig. 15.

Habitat: N. Amer., Canada to Texas, Cuba, W. Ind. (merging into speciosa).

Var. speciosa Wlk., List, p. 568 (1854); Clem., Syn. Lep. North Am., app.
p- 314 (1862); Stretch, Ilustr., p. 57, Pl. U, fig. 16; bella Cram., Vol. Ill, p. 20
(in part), Pl. 109, figs. C.D. (1779); Hb. Verz., p. 168 (1816).

Notes on Hylesinus aculeatus and Phloeosinus dentatus.

By Warren Knaus, Salina, Kansas.

The Scolyfde are but sparsely represented in the culeopterous fauna
of Kansas. This scarcity is accounted for in great part by the absence
of forests over the greater part of the State; the natural home of these
Coleoptera being beneath the bark of shrubs and trees, where a large
part of the imaginal, and the whole of the larval life is passed.

Of the seven or eight species of this family in this State, as given in
the various Reports of the Kansas Academy of Science, but three have
come under my personal observation, and but one (?. den/fa/us) has
actually been observed at work.

The burrows of a Scodyfd in an ash post, which I supposed was the
work of the ‘‘Ash Bark Borer”, came under my observation about one
year ago, The work however, was not recent and no specimens were
ebtained. Specimens of the sculpture were retained, but efforts to find
more recent work were not successful until about the middle of July,
1885, when I secured well preserved specimens, though dead, ofan _in-
sect, from ash posts, near Stockton, Rooks County, and Edmond,
Norten County. These specimens proved on identification to be
Hylesinus aculeatus Say. No growing trees were found which had been
attacked, and those only were selected that were already in a decaying
condition.

The burrows of this insect were almost facsimiles in every particular,
consisting of a larger central channel from 25 to 100 mm. in length and
1 mm, in width, made by the female, the young larve eating its way
outward from this channel, the larval channels constantly enlarging
during the larval life, and sinking a little deeper in the wood as the
‘pupa state is reached. ‘These larval channels are from 5 to 45 mm, in
length and from 4 to 1 mm. in width. The central channel is usually
slightly sinuous, being governed to some extent by the surface of the
wood and the number of beetles at work, they never coming in contact.
At about midway of the central channel there is in every instance a
change of direction,—a curve, sometimes hardly perceptible, at other
times and usually, very marked, ‘The lateral larval channels extend
outward at right angles from the central channel, and are about one third
the length of the former, that varying from one to three inches in length.

In November 1885, live specimens of this insect were taken from
ash trees in the western part of Davis County. The bark of these trees
had apparently been abraded about a month previous, and _ had been at
once attacked by AMylesinus aculeatns. Large numbers of these had

eaten their way from } to 1 inch under the bark from point of entrance
and had gone into winter quarters.

Probably the most destructive bark borer known in this State is the
Phileosinus dentatus Say. Its attacks, so far as observed,—are confined to
the evergreens,—junipers and arbor vite.

This insect was first noticed in Salina the summer and fall of 1884,
attacking the junipers on the grounds of a number of the residents of the
city. They were then in great numbers, many trees having been entirely
destroyed, and others badly injured. The damage was done entirely by
the perfect beetle, no larvae having been observed. The injury was al-
most invariably confined to the base of the lateral offshoots of the branch-
es of the tree, the beetle burrowing under the-bark, and eating around
the base of the twig, causing its destruction. Every twig from the trunk
outward would be attacked, and a few burrows were also observed on the
stems or trunks of the trees themselves. No primary gallery of the per-
fect insect has been found to exceed three-quarters of an inch in length.
I have found no secondary or larval galleries.

Packard, in his ‘‘Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees’’ says
he has observed this insect as early as the 1st of May. I have never ob-
served it making attacks earlier than the 1st of September, continuing
until the latter part of October.

The attacks of this insect are made on healthy trees, and I have
seen no less than fifteen cedars entirely killed in the Public Square of
Clay Center, Kansas, that would average six inches in diameter at the
base. This Scolyid is not a native, but has been introduced in cedar
posts brought to the lumber yards from Michigan and Arkansas. I have
examined posts from Arkansas which contained the perfect beetle, (but
dead), larvee,and pupz. When these pupz had completed their trans-
formations, cedars in close proximity to the lumber yard were at once
liable to attack.

‘The primary gallery of this insect as examined in Arkansas cedars
is short and straight, being from 18 to 25 mm. in length, and 3 mm. in
width, The gallery widens at one end into a trilobed chamber twice as
wide as the main gallery, The number of lateral or secondary galleries
on each side varies from 15 to 60. ‘These secondary galleries are from
2 to 1 mm. in width, and those arising near the ends of the main gallery
are about 45 mm, in length; those arising near the middle are about one
half as long.

The burrows are about one half in the wood and one half in the
bark. The secondary galleries rarely cross each other, and when they
do, it is owing to some inequality in the surface of the wood, or the
close proximity of the burrows.

This bark borer is not without its enemies.

I found fully one half

the pupz cases examined, contained nothing but the remains of a para-
site that had destroyed the pupa, and had itself failed to escape. The
perfect fly was also seen passing over the surface of the bark, seeking a

favorable point to make an attack on her victim.

Specimens of this fly

were sent to Mr. L. O. Howard, Assistant U.S. Entomologist, who pro-
nounced it a Cha/cid fly belonging to the genus Sfa¢hius.

FOOD-PLANTS OF ERBRIDOPTERA: No.7

(Datana ministra, Dru.)

By Wm, BrEuTENMULLER.

Tiliacee,

Tilia Americana, L. (Basswood.)
“¢ heterophylla, Vent. (White Bass-
: wood.)
*¢ Europaea, L, (European Linden.)
** alba, Waldst & Kit. (White Lin-
den.)

Rosacez.
Prunus cerasus, Juss. (Common Gar-
den Cherry.)
Pyrus malus, Tourn. (Common Apple)
Cydonia vulgaris, Pers. ( ‘* Quince.)
Juglandacee.

Juglans cinerea, L. (Butternut. )

« nigra, L. (Black Walnut.)
Carya alba. Nutt. (Shell Bark Hickory)
** microcarpa, Nutt. (Small Fruit-
ed Hickory.)

«« sulcata, Nutt. (Western Shell

Bark Hickory.)
* amara, Nutt. (Bitter Nut Hick-
ory.)
*¢ porcina, Nutt. (Pig-nut Hickory)

Cupulifere.
Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.)
‘¢ obtusiloba, Michx. (Obtuse-
leaved Oak.)
«* — macrocarpa, Michx. (Mossy-
cup Oak.)
«¢ coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.)
‘* rubra, L. (Red Oak).

Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Pin Oak.)
*¢ pedunculata, Willd. (English
Oak.)

«¢ sessiliflora, Sal. (The Sessil-
flowered Oak.)

‘¢ Cerris, Linn. (Turkey Oak.)

Castania vesca, Gaert. (European

Chestnut. )
Ee ‘¢ vy. Americana, De Cand.
(American Chestnut. )

** pumila, Mil. (Chinquapin.)

Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Red Beech.)

‘* sylvatica, L. (European Wood

Beech.)
xe ** var, purpurea, Ait. (Purple
Beech.)
ef ‘« « cuprea, Lodd. (Copper
Beech. )

ef se ¢¢ Jaciniata, Lodd. (Cut
leaved Beech.)
Corylus Americana, Walt. (American
Hazel.)
*« avellana, L, (European Hazel. )
Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Horn
beam.

Betulacee.
Betula alba, L. (White Birch.)
*« var. populifolia, Spach. (Am.
White Birch, )
*« papyracea, Ait. (Paper Birch.)

Scent-Organs in some Bombycid Moths.
; By Joun B. Smiru.

At intervals during the past year or two, isolated observations have
been made of peculiar filamentary processes protruding from the abdomen
of the male of some of our common bombycids, Leucarctia acrea and
Scepsis fulvicollis being the observed species. Not long since, I describ-
ed a peculiar abdominal! character in the male of Cosmosoma omphale;
and the recent capture and examination of specimens of Leucarcha acrea
has enabled me to add something to the knowledge of the structure in
that species. Between the seventh and eighth ventral segments is a
narrow opening, entirely invisible in the dried insects, but readily discern-
ed on a slight pressure of the abdomen in the fresh specimen. This open-
ing extends back about an eighth of an inch, and, on being carefully
pried open, shows two closely folded tufts of fine blackish hair. Pressure
upon the abdomen will generally force out these tufts, and, if rightly
applied, will result in the extension of two orange tentacle like struct-
ures, fully half an inch in length, united at the base, and spreading
backward and outwardly in a gentle curve. The tufts of hair diminish
as the tentacles are extended, the individual hairs occupying small but
distinct papillz on the sides, until, when fully extended, they are evenly
distributed around them, and no trace of the brush-like tuft remains.
If the pressure be removed, the tentacles contract, the hairs again form-
ing a tuft,

Specimens of Pyrrharctia
wsabella. when closely examin-
ed, showed a similiar abdomi-
nal structure; but here there
were four tufts extended in-
stead of two, and in color they
were snow-white. Properly ap-
plied pressure resulted in the
inflation, first, of two basal
sacs, which, when fully dila-
ted, could be compared to
nothing better than the ends of

1. Leucaretia acraea. 2. Pyrrhaitia isabella. two thumbs pointing in oppo-
site directions, the hairs of two of the tufts arranged rather densely on
the convex outer surface. From the middle of the lower edge of these
sacs there extended two tentacles similar to those in acr@a, but not so

long; and instead of being evenly clothed with hair, in this species the

Rae

lower portion only has the papilla and hairy surface. The sacs and
tentacles here are whitish, instead of orange, as in acrea. The
processes of the latter species have a most remarkable resemblance
to the tentacles of the larva of Papilio as/ertas, both in color and in shape.
In both species an intense odor, somewhat like the smell of laudanum,
is apparent when first the tentacles are exposed; and there is no reason-
able doubt but that they are odor-glands, though exactly what purpose
they serve is not so clear. In closely allied species no trace of this.struct-
ure has been detected. Several fresh specimens of several species of
Arctia, Spilosoma virginica, and Hyphantria textor showed no trace of it;
and no dry specimens of any other species thus far examined have a
similar structure, ;

Some years ago Mr. Morrison observed and described the structure
in acrea and mentions having found similar structures in Agrofs plecta
and Luplexia lucipara. ‘This I have not been able to verify. Prof. Riley
has described similar structures in Alefa xylima, and probably a consider-
able number of other species will be found to have them.

=p ¢ =< + Gee

Notes on Geotrypes Opacus, “ald.
By ALFRED W. JONES, Salina, Kans.

I do not know as to the relative rarity of this species, but from the
fact of always finding a ready exchange for it, I suppose it is not very
common.

I have almost always taken it, where I have found no other scaveng_rs
at work, except Aphodius, and a few S/aphylinus perhaps, and I have al-
ways taken it either very early in spring or late in the fall.

Generally I have taken it on low bottom land, or on sand bars in
the river, where cattle are wont to drink: here I have taken most
of the specimens, and I have taken them at the very water’s edge where
they had burrowed down into sand that was saturated with water. But
I never found more than three or four in one place until last November,
when in company with Mr. Warren Knaus, I drove to Manhattan and back
from Salina, On our trip going down I saw a specimen crawling along
in the road, and stopping to get it, I observed some fresh manure which
yielded several specimens. Thinking we had procured all of them, we
drove on, but returning about a week later we stopped to examine the
very same place, and though at first it appeared as if it were a useless
search, Mr. Knaus said that he saw several burrows going down into the
sand and meant to find out what was there. He dug down nearly a foot
with no success before he threw out one, and then ina few minutes we
had eleven specimens in the Cyanide bottle.

2.9

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.
(Continued from p. 63. )
TRAGIDION, Serv.
Contains three species in which the prothorax is moderately punc-
tured and the scutellum small, broad y triangular, almost rounded. The
thorax and elytra are conspicuously pubescent concealing the punctures.

SYNOPSIS OF TRAGIDION.
Elytra sulcate.

mindstars! wider® antenncerannulate,).’. . . . Bement sacle sete annulatum.
Huindetarsinarrower, antennee black... .. .... Geeemriecteejseers <2 tevelolechalers coquus.
Biv GARE VED ALO MSULCATCH acretsals so. = s+. +. + eee el aeattais clotiet tele Vate armatum.

T. annulatum Lec. Proc. Acad. Phil, 1858, p. 83. Length .80 in. = 20 mm.
Hab. Arizona, Cal., Texas, N. Mex.

Black, antenne yellow with scape and tip of each joint black, |
elytra densely clothed with fulvous pubescence, basal line and humeri
Meen. (Pl) IIl, f. 10.)

T. coquus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. X, p. 393; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, 1850, p.
10; lynceum Fab. Syst, Ent. p. 191; Oliv. Ent, IV, 67, p. 37, t. 14. f. 97- Casteln~
Hist. Nat. II. p. 452; Melsheimeri Germ, Ins. Spec. nov. p. 502. Length .60 in. =
15mm. Hab. Atlantic and Southern States, Tex., Col.

Var. fulvipenne Say, Journ, Ac. Phil. III, 1823, p. 414; Lec. Journ. Ac. P. ser.
2, Il, p. 10. Length tin. =25 mm. Hab, Ills., Col., N. J., Utah, La., Mo., Tex.
Arkansas.

T. coguus is entirely black except a spot of orange on each elytron
near the base,

T. fulvipenne is larger and the elytra are entirely clothed with ful-
vous hair,

A specimen in the collection of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, has the elytra
suffused with black, except where the spots occur in coguus. presenting a
form precisely intermediate.

It is now considered a variety of coguus.

T. armatum Lec. ]. A. P. V, 1, 1858, p. 25; Lacord. Gen. Col. IX, 1869, p.
174. not. Length 1in. =25 mm. Hab. California, Texas.

Color as in annulatum, but the elytra are smooth and the lateral
spine of thorax is even more marked than in the other species of the
genus.

PURPURICENUS, Serv.

Thorax coarsely punctured with a small lateral spine. Scutellum

moderate, broadly triangular, acute at tip. Elytra not pubescent.
SYNOPSIS OF PURPURICENUS.

Dh Graavemtite ly Eisele seay tii. 6 la ' » > i SRRIUMIR PEM NPs ae oh ai «oleate humeralis,

nora, bisceaiskameocerr ti sac 6: 5» .o « gMeeede hits she-crck Bern okrorsele dimidiatus,

Entomologica Americana, Vol TI. 12 July 1886.

a

P. humeralis Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 143; Bland, Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil. I,
1862, p. 276. var. Length .50-.64 in.=13-16 mm. Hab, Atlantic States, Ohio to Mo.

Entirely black except the elytra, which bear a reddish humeral
space, defined by a line running from scutellum to middle of outer mar--
Sine OL, hte. 0)

Variety avillaris Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, 1847, p. 31; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2.
I Spewk, Nowe, Pa.,) DexasMass;

The red space is larger and the punctuation not so coarse.

P. dimidiatus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, p. 23. Length .72in.=18mm.
Hab. Yreka Cal.
Black except disk of thorax and anterior half of elytra. Punctuation
also more coarse than in humeralis.
METALEPTUS, Bates.
This genus. recently added to our list by the occurrence of two spe-
cies in Arizona and Southern California, is allied to Purpuricenus and
differs in the absence of antennal tubercles in ¢{ and in the pubescent

surface. ‘Two species may be separated thus:
Apices of elytra conjointly rounded; more coarsely punctured ............ Batesi.
Apices of elytra sinuously truncate; less coarsely punctured............ angulatus.

M. Batesi Horn Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, p. 174. Length .40-.52 in. =ro-
13mm. Hab. Arizona.

Black, sparsely clothed with grav pubescence, elytra at base and en-
tire lateral margin red.

M. angulatus Chev. Col. Mex. Cent. I, f. 4, n. $83. Length .40-52 in. = 1o-
13mm. Hab. Mexico, So. Cal.

To be distinguished only by characters of table above. (PI. II, f. 12)

AETHECERUS, Chev.

Thorax finely punctured; scutellum small, rounded at tip. The fol-
lowing synopsis is extracted from Dr. Horn’s paper, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc. VIII, 1880, p. 133, where a full discussion of this and other genera
may be found.

SYNOPSIS OF AETHECERUS.
Thorax broader than long; elytra truncate at tip.
Elytra feebly shining, the punctures near the apex not densely placed; thorax not

ITA GMI ALCS ote aroy Sin ta (oitin'a oS. cic sia ne RM reyelo e+ («0d scotenavel ems Rap Amaia ee Wilsonii.
Elytra opaque, punctures near apex very fine and densely placed; thorax with two
discal "black SpOtsS.:.:3;< <i = «4 kel s/c eMeERMPERE eas iavioss 6 iota lereie’ eae teree ee Hornii.
Thorax as long as broad, elytra rounded at tip...................... latecinctus.

A. Wilsonii Horn Proc. Ac. Phil. 1860, p, 570, pl. VIII, fig. 4. Length .60
in.=15 mm. Hab. Ariz., Texas.

A. Hornii Lec. Gen. Col. IX, p. 184. _ Length .60in. =15 mm. Hab. Fla.

A. latecinctus Horn Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. VIII, p, 134. Length .40-.60 in.
=10-15mm. Hab. Arizona. (Pl. II, fig. 13.)

MANNOPHORUS, Lec.

The thorax is closely and moderately coarsely punctate and the scu-
tellum is moderately large, broadly triangular and nearly round behind.

M. laetus Lec, Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, 1853, p. 442. Length .5-.6 in, =13-15 mm.
Hab, Texas. ;

Black, beneath sparsely pubescent, above not at all, thorax red,
elytra black or bluish black, densely punctate with two yellow elevated
lines on each. Varieties occur with lines shortened and witha black
spot on thorax, (Pl. II, fig. 14.)

A variety has recently appeared on the Mexican Boundary in Texas
having the elevated lines of elytra black, smooth like the typical form but
without a trace of usual color.

ENTOMOSTERNA, Chev.

Closely resembling the preceeding in form and Jschnocnemis in
coloration of elytra, The thorax is however rounded on the sides and
not narrowed in front, and is blue in color, quite bright in fresh speci-
mens, nearly black in old specimens. The vittee of elytra are quite as
bright as in Ischnocnemis.

E. cyanicollis ‘Dup. Mag. Zool. 1838, Cl. IX, p. 59, t. 220, f. 2; Lacord. Gen.
Col, IX, 1869, p. 184, not. 3. Length .5-.6 in.=13-15 mm. Hab. Tex. Ariz,

AMANNUS, Lec.

The characters of this genus have been well defined in the table of
genera, ‘The species are as follows:

Black, beneath gray, abdomen with shining denuded spots........... .. vittiger.
3lack, beneath testaceous except postpectus and legs black; femora testaceous at
ASCE Heer iieicicl a Rese dr iaie AMM NeE Bs «+ + + syoheeeeeenntersreesaternce apitees Hc pectoralis.

Beyvitticer Wecn i AS Pser 211, p. 24 euelength, .43\in. — Dimmes Hab!
Llano Estacado, Texas and New Mexico.

This insect is entirely clothed with pale pubescence except as indi-
cated above, and on the elytra which beara narrow black dorsal vitta
abbreviated in front and have the suture and margin also blackish. The
thorax is punctured except an obsolete dorsal callus, and is narrowed in
front and rounded on sides, The elytra are closely punctured, obsolete-
ly bicostate and broadly truncate at apex.

A. pectoralis Lec. ].c. Length .27ins==8mm. Hab. Fort Yuma Cal. Col.

The head is variegated with piceous, the vitta of the elytra testaceous,
clouded behind, and the the lateral margin fuliginose. The thorax ‘is
cylindrical and the apices of elytra separately rounded. The general ap-
pearance of the species of this genus suggests Sphaenothecus.

(To be continued, )

Society News.
wi

Brooklyn Entomological Society. June 2d, 1886. —Twelve members
present. Mr. E. A. Schwarz, of Washington was proposed as a membe~ of the
Society by Mr. Smith and on motion was duly elected. Mr. Hulst read a short
extract from a paper by Prof. Fernald, recommending for sugaring molasses
only, without any admixture of beer or rum. Mr. Weeks read a paper from Mr,
H. B. Moeschler, on the American species of Utetheisa,* and another from Mr, J.
B. Smith on some peculiar characters in some J Arctiids.t Healso read a short
note on his experience in collecting under decayed turnips, and a life history of
Botis erectalis. After some general discussion and exhibitions of specimens the
meeting adjourned until September.

Entomological Society of Washington. June 3, 1886. Mr. Smith exhili‘ed
male specimens of Leucaretia acraea and Pyrrharctia isabella with a peculiar in-
flated process extruded between the 7th and 8th ventral segments of the abdo-
men and described the structure and how discovered.**

Mr. Schwarz spoke on an observation made by Mr. Smith and himself
during the month of April in regard toa new food-plant Pieris rapw; egg and
young larve having been found on Barbarea vulgaris. He thinks that the first
annual generation of this Pieris is passed upon some wild Cruciferous plantand
that Barbarea vulgaris will be found to be one of the principal food-plants of the
larvae thus early in the season.

Mr. Lugger made some remarks on introduced Coleoptera. A few speci-
mens of the European Aphodius erraticus were first found by him in 1878 in the
droppings of the Virginia Deer in Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, Md. Since that
‘time the species has spread and is now so common in all sorts of excre-
ments that it has actually replaced the formerly common A. fimetarius. A spe-
cimen of Agra a@nea, a native of Surinam anda number of South American Cer-
ambycide were found at Baltimore, but invariably in the vicinity of the wharfs.

Mr. Lugger further described the fertilization of the common Lady’s Slipper
Cypripedium acaule by a species of Andrena, and also mentioned the fact that
the seeds of the Hard Maple, so numerous in the Smithsonian Grounds, were
this year uniformly sterile. He attributes this phenomenon to the inclement
-weather during the flowering season which prevented bees from visiting the
flowers.

A number of smaller communications followed: Mr. Lugger on a case of
faulty instinct in a Tachina fly which had oviposited upon the hard body of
Rhodobeenus 13-punctatus; Dr. Marx on the occurance of the European LEpeira

_diademata in Minnesota, Mr. Howard on the muscular force exhibited by a spe-
cies of Canthon; Mr. Schwarz on the abundance of several species of Lachnos-
terna during the present season, and on the Braconid parasite of Pissodes strobi;
Mr. Howard on Epicauta cinerea being attracted by light; Mr. Smith on the
blistering power of one of our common Meloids.

* See ante p. 65. +See ante p. 79.
** For more detailed description and figures see p. 79 ante,

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL. Il, AUGUST 1886,

PLATE IV.

eS sy A Kinson; Grom ae

VOL.[l. BROOKLYN, AUGUST, 1886, —NO. 5.

Larva of Aphorista Vittata, (adr.
By Joun B. Smiru.

Early in November 1885, Mr. E. A Schwarz and myself while col-
lecting in Virginia found under a decaying log a number of larvee feeding
upon a mould fungus. Close search revealed a few very fresh specimens
of Aphorista (Mycetina) vitfata, and as the larva agreed closely with that
of Epipocus discoidals in Dr. Riley’s collection which Mr. Schwarz had
collected in Texas, it was assumed that the larva was that of A. wifafa—a
supposition which was verified by afterward obtaining the pupa, though
none were found at this time.

Larva of all sizes were found, the largest—mature as it proved— a-
bout 8 mm. in length, and, as they appeared with retracted head and-
somewhat curled, about half as broad as long. They were of a dirty
blackish brown color above, dirty yellowish white beneath, flattened
though yet rather stout. and furnished at the sides of abdomen with a
double row of lateral appendages, the upper dorsal, but at the extreme
side of the segment; the lower ventral: the stigmata are situated between
these appendages. The thoracic segments have only one of these lateral
appendages, as has also the anal segment. The form of these append-
ages and their proportion and situation are well enough shown by the ac-
companying figure, and require no detailed description. The head is
small, retracted, and usually not visible from above, in the living insect.
The antennz are short with a small thick socket joint, a very short 2nd
joint, a long, cylindrical, somewhat tapering terminal joint, which is fur-
nished with a few scattered hairs, and has at tip a small tubercle, making
really a fourth joint. Ocelli, three on each side; one before, and two

=

behind the base of the antennz. ‘The mouth parts are proportionately
very small, and so sunken that they are difficult to dissect out, The
figure will render detailed description unnecessary. The maxilla
in the figure are separated from the labrum: naturally, they are bent in-
ward above, so that only the palpi are visible. ‘The maxillze are rather
sparingly clothed with rather thick bristles diverging to all sides; the pal-
pi are three jointed, the basal joint very thick and short, the second still
shorter and not so thick, the 3d longer than the other two combined and
much more slender. ‘The labial palpi are two jointed, the terminal joint
obliquely truncate. The head is equally and somewhat sparsely covered
with punctures from each of which arises a bunch of hair spreading fan-
like toward the tip, as shown in the figure. ‘The lateral appendages are
densely clothed with the same fan-like hair tufts, inserted also in distinct
punctures. The pro-thorax above is covered in the same way, except
near the base and in the depressed central furrow. The meso-, and meta-
thorax have on each side a somewhat depressed, harder, more shining
scute or plate, also punctured and furnished in the same way with hair
tufts. The abdominal segments except the 8th and gth have each two
smaller, ovate scutes of the same nature, each side of the middle. On
the 8th segment the scutes are confluent, and cover a greater part of the
surface. The gth segment is equally punctured and furnished with
spreading sete.
Veg tt

yt ie CEE as “
ea te
Pie gf i
; Base, CHAN rad
Be Alavi) ) whe ie

, 4h
Jj pan si ie
Ol

“A i in
a dant Cs
4 ih nnn iis Bs CS
Zoggs a GN
: at » llr’ tara cS i
NN eh i

IH ARAN

The segments are well marked, the sutures being deep, so that when
the insect is placed flat, they look like deep incisions, the sides declivous.

a7. 2

Except the head and terminal segment, all others have a distinct longi-
tudinal furrow, deepest at the posterior portion. Except where punct
ured as shown in the figure, the upper surface is finely rugose or sha-
greened. .

The figures will supply all details omitted here, better than descrip-
tive terms can do; the interesting peculiar features being the lateral ap-
pendages and the spreading tufts of hair arising from distinct punctures,
What purpose do they serve?

The pupa is equally peculiar, and is sufficiently described by the
figure. It is white, with a very faint yellowish tinge, the elytra tucked
in beneath the fore and median legs and over the posterior pair.

1
A Family of young trap-door Spiders.
(Fachylomerus carolinensis, Henfz.)
By Gro. F. Atkinson,

‘Two questions were asked by Mr. Moggridge about the habits of
young trap-door spiders. For the answer to these he was unable to
make any observations, so far as the record shows. The questions are;
1st, do young trap-door spiders make nests like those of the parent with-
out being shown? 2nd, do the males of trap-door spiders make a nest
with a trap-door when very young? To the first question we would al
most unhesitatingly reply in the affirmative, without direct observation.
In regard to the second, it is well known by those who have given much
attention to the habits of trap-door spiders, that the mature males, at
least, do not build trap-door nests, but seek a hiding place under stones,
logs, etc.

There is also another question as to the constancy with which spe-
cies follow a unzform type in the construction of their nests. Some nat-
uralists make the different kinds of nests a partial basis for classification,
and others are looking for different characters manifested in the varia-
tions of the trap-door; whether the door is horizontal; the hinge lower
or higher than the distal part of the door; or the door sloping one
side, etc.

The object of this paper is to present the variations produced by a
family of 28 young trap-door spiders, in the building of their nests,
which I have carefully observed and noted. I trust also to show that,
from the labors of these little creatures, and of several mature ones, which
I have had in captivity, a great deal of light is thrown on the questions
stated above.

Hill, N. C, March 17, 1886,
ren, or had met with her death.

a:

The family was captured by D. E. Woodly, Student, at Chapel

The mother had either deserted her child
‘The tube was doorless and near a de-

caying stump. The 28 children were living peacefully together in the
silken cocoon which had contained the eggs at the bottom of the tube.
After keeping them together in a small vial for one day, I prepared a

bottle of earth for each one,
by thee inches deep.
placed.

the work of each.

The bottles measure 11g inches in diame-
In each about 13 inches in depth of earth was
The earth was moist, loose, but smoothed over and gently
packed to furnish a smooth surface for operations.

The following table shows the time of beginning and completion of

In column 4 is given the time when the work began

which was carried to completion. Some began work earlier than here in-
dicated but abandoned it.

19

Ey 2 2/0. 4
No Date |'Time plac-/Time when work)
‘Mar. ’86.'ed in bottle. began,
. |
I i 18 5 p.m. Unobserved.
2s) | °78 5p.m. |
3 18 Gps, ¢| 3g
|Mar. 19, 3.30a.m.
aaa | ES. 5 pam. Ws * 19, L2ageraan
5 18 5p.m. | ‘* 19, 2.30 a.m.|
6 18 {10.30 p.m.) ** 13, 014g
7 18 {10.30 p. m. 11.30 py.
8 18 {10.30 p. m,|Mar. 19, 12.30a.m|
9 18 |10.30p.m.| ‘* 19, 2 a, m,
10 ro ||10.30)p.m.|* ao, 7 aan:
II 19 4.10 p. m. 4.15 a. m.
12 19 4.10 p. m.|Mar. 20, II a. m. |
13 19 4.10 p.m.| ** 19, 4.30p.m.|
i4 19 4,10 primi,| “* 20; Tosa,
is Woe KO 4,10 p.m.| ‘* 19, 5.18p.m.
TORN CLON4es0;p.ny 5-15 p.m.
17 19 4.30 p.m. 4.45 p, m.
18 19 4.30 p. m. 5-10 p. m,
19 19 6.30 p. m. 7.50 p.m.
20 19 6.30 p. m. Unobserved.
21 19 6.30 p. m. Ge
22 19 6.30 p.m. 9.20 p, m.
23 19 9 p.m. 9.50p.m.
24 19 9 p.m. 0/25 Parmaeee |
25 19 g p-m. | Unobserved.
26 19 9 p.m. |Mar.20,4 p.m. |
27 19 9 p.m. 21, 10qnmn, 4
28 9 p.m. s* 20: TO ipeun.

* Nest was destroyed and another built.

door was begun.

ASG

6

Time when trap—

Unobserved.

oe

‘ec

5 a. m.
ee late
4.20 a, m,
Mar. 19, 12.30a.m|
HOR BBS cists
19; 12.30a.m
3.20 a. m.
B20)a.ams
Q a. m.
5-55 p. m.
Unobserved.
5.50 p. m.
pens
Unobserved.
6,20 p. m.
Unobserved.
5.50 p. m.
9.15 p.m.
Unobserved,

ce

ee

Not noted.
I p.m.
ED. n dd

Time when trap-

door was competed

Unobserved.

e

ee

Sel Gaal ieee
a, m.
alsrns
aaumie

}20 a. me

.30 a, ms
4 a.m.
Ava. me
TOvasee
7.30 p. m.
2.30 p. m.
6.30 p. m.
2.30 p.m.

Unobserved.

Unobserved.

Unobserved.
6.30 p. m,

Unobserved.

Unobserved.,

se

min

ne

ee
ce
oe

ee
Not noted.

5 p.m.
11.30 a. m.

Variations from the normal type.

By the normal type is meant that

which seems to be the simplest, most nearly perfect, plan of construct—

— 892

ion, is followed by a majority of those ubserved, and seems to indicate a
natural instinc/, a more potent influence of inherited habit in some, while
in others the instinct seems to be latent at first and gradually unfolds
with the dawning of consciousness! According to the normal type, the
spider takes up pellets of earth with its mandible, and turning around
places them upon the soil by the side of the tube, which is being dug;
or carries or throws them toa short distance. Occasionally with its
spinerets itapplies viscid liquid to the pellets and edge of the tube. much
as an artificer would alternately place cement and bricks in the construct-
ion ofacolumn. The trap-door is builtin the same manner, by be-
ginning, at one side of the edge of the hole, a horizontal wall to which
particles are cemented and pressed in shape to make a flat, circular, lid
to the tube.*

By a study of Plate IV we shall see some of the variations from the
noymal types. Fig. 1, @, represents one of the spiders, natural size, J,
section of a nest built after the normal type, door represented open, also
natural size. All of the other figures, except 15 and 16, are magnified.
In fig. 2, one side of tube, @, is extended above ground and carried over
the tube. The door, represented open, is hinged at 46; when closed it
slopes downwards from the hinge attachment, fig. 3. This was the work
of No, 3. he arched wall from a, was pressed in shape in the same
way that the trap door is, so that when the spider began it at a, I thought
it had begun the trap-door, and made this entry in my notes. ‘‘At 4.30
door begun; two-thirds of the edge used for attachment of the hinge,
making an awkward door.” When the hinge was made at 4, it was easy
to see the arching of the wall was intentional. In fig. 10, the tube is cury-
ed above ground in a similar way; but the hinge is at one of the sloping
sides, making a door that swings to the right and left instead of up and
down, ‘This was made by No. 25. Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the
work of No. 15. A trench was dug, using the excavated earth for a wall
on each side; the walls were then united by an arch over the middle, one
end closed and a trap-door made at the other end. _ Fig. 8, represents
the nest of No. 22, built in the same way as that of No, 15, except that
at a, the hole was not entirely closed. No. 13 built what is shown in
fig. g. A trench with a wall each side was first built; in the middle of
the trench was dug the tube and the door hinged at the base of one wall
at a, with the distal part of the door elevated at 4. Fig. 11, shows the
work of No. 24: a trench was dug by the side of the glass with
a wall on one side at a; on the other side earth was carried upon the side

* For description and illustration of the building of a nest and trap-door by this
species, see Amer, Nat. for July 1886.

—go—

of the glass and attached in small lumps at 4; c, represents the nest, a
small tower against the glass. Fig. 12, was made by No. 26. This is
interesting as being the only one showing the concentric “lines of growth”
usually noticed in the doors of nests that have been used fora year or so.
No. 14, first dug a shallow hole as represented at 4, fig. 13; abandoning
this it dug another at c; it then removed the earth at ¢, making a trench;
next it began the tube at c. but soon abandoned it, began again at 4,
restored d, and completed the nest in the normal way. The following
table shows the varying positions of the door when closed.

Horizontal: Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21,
ga.27.- 28:

Sloping downward from hinge attachment: Nos. 3, 7, 8, 15, 17,
22, 24,20.

Rising from hinge attachment: No, 13.

Sloping door with hinge at one side: No. 25.

Table showing the kinds of nests.

Curved tube: Nos. 3, 8, 25.

Straight tube: Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, Gaeuemo, 11,12, 13, 14, 10s-Tome
20, 212023, 24; 20, 27, 20.

Trench with arched walls: Nos. 7, 15, 17, 22.

Nests of mature spiders, of this species, made in captivity present
some of the variations mentioned above, as also some of the nests found
in a state of nature.

One of the most interesting things which came under my observa-
tion during the work of these spiders was the varying potency of instinct
manifested in the aptness with which each performed the task of building
its home. This will be best illustrated by giving a few of the more
striking examples recorded in my notes. No. 6, was placed in the bot-
tle at 10.30 p. m. and began digging the tube in the normal way at 11.15
p.m. It worked rapidly, sometimes taking up and unloading a pellet of
earth in 1o seconds. Indeed it worked with as much ease, accuracy, and
apparent thoughtfulness, as the mature one which I have described in
the Amer. Nat. Sometimes with its palpi it would flirt the pellet across
to the opposite side of the bottle, It began making the trap-door at
12.30 a. m. and completed it at 1 a.m; one hour and forty-minutes
from the time it began work, and two hours and thirty minutes from the
time it was placed in the bottle.* During the operation every movement
seemed to facilitate the work. No. 19, was placed in the bottle at 6.30
p.m.: my notes read as follows:—‘ ‘Began digging tube in normal way at
7.50. Does not seem to be satisfied with work, and begins in another

* One completed the work i = hour and 30 minutes; and another 1 hourand 20m.

place. This is done several times: 9.15 began making trap-door,” ete.
No, 26 was placed in bottle at 9 p.m. Mar. 19th. Ati p.m. Mar. 2oth
it began digging and soon abandoned this place for another. This it re-
peated as many as a dozen times. sometimes returning to the work and
tearing away at the soil as if in a frenzy, and impelled by some irresist-
able power. Then suddenly leaving the spot it would wander and_ en-
deavor to climb the side of the glass; when it would as suddenly be
seized with an irresistable inclination to tear away at the earth without
any seeming purpose. Occasionally it seemed to work with more de-
liberation as if it were gradually becoming conscious of a latent instinct-
ive power! At 4 p. m. it continued work in one place until the nest was
completed, but the door, which is represented in fig. 13, was barely hung
together and was loosely hinged by three strands. A few days later I
tore down this nest, when the spider went to work in the normal way and
built a perfect nest. Upon this point alone it would be interesting to
follow carefully the notes I have taken on all, but I fear it would make
the article too long, so I will conclude this subject with reference to a few
others. One without digging in the normal way pressed the dirt aside;
buried itself, and then spun a bag of silk surrounding it. When remov-
ed from this it went to work in the normal way. Several others acted
very much like this one, and No. 26.

These variations could not be attributed to a difference in the na-
ture of the soil as in the case of variations noticed among adult spiders,
when the soil at times was ofa different character. Care was taken that
the soil should be of the same compactness and moisture for each. In
some cases a hard lump caused the spidcr to remove to another place, and
in one or two instances the spiders waited so long before beginning work
that the soil wastoo dry; pouring in water packed the earth too hard and
it was necessary to loosen it before the spider could take up a pellet. With
close watching and due allowance for conditions just mentioned there
seems to be great variableness in the attitude which different young indi-
viduals at first show in the construction of their nest. In some cases the
consciousness, if might so be called, of instinctive power flashes upon
them when they first are made to shift for themselves; while with others
there seems to be a greater or less development or dawning of the same
consciousness.

Mr. Moggridge also asks at which end of the tube the spider begins
to spin the silken linings? This species, so far as I have observed, (1
have watched over thirty individuals, ) always begins at the upper end.
I had several opportunities of witnessing this among the young ones, and
one mature one, when the spinning of the lining was done very beauti-
fully. In fig. 14 a spider is represented in the act of spinning the silken

—g2—

lining at the upper part of the tube. When the viscid fluid coming from
the spinerets cools before it is applied to an object it forms a broad band
or ribbon as it might be called; by elevating and depressing the body
perpendicularly as shown in fig, 14, and touching the spinerets here and
there to the wall of the tube this ribbon of silk is fastened. By moving
around the tube at the same time the lining is made complete for
the perpendicular distance covered by the spider in its movements. Some-
times instead of elevating and depressing in the manner just described the
spider will move around the tube fastening the ribbon in circles,

Figs. 15 and 16 represent a novel way of excavating a hole which I
witnessed in the case of a mature spider. With its legs as supporters on
each side of the tube it would elevate its abdomen in the air and hook its
mandibles in the earth at the bottom of the hole; then revolving through
a quadrant about the axis at a, fig. 15, it would bring the earth to the
surface and push it off with its palpi as shown in fig. 16.

From this study we may conclude the young of trap-door spiders
build their nests instinctively; that males as well as females build trap-
door nests before the sexual character and habits are well developed,
woich in the case of the males make a somewhat wandering habit neces-
sary in order to find the females; that young and old vary in making their
nests from the normal type, so that the position or relative sloping of the
door or tube could not be of any value in the classification; that this
species does not use its legs to aid in spinning the lining to its tube, and
that they spin the lining at the upper end of the tube first; and lastly that
they vary in the degree of skill manifested as artificers and the maturity
of instinctive power.*

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. a, Young trap-door spider, natural size. 0, section of nest with open
door, built in normal way, also natural size. Figs. 2 and 3 curved tube with slant-
ing door. Fig. 4, trench with wall each side seen from one end. lig. 5, arch con-
necting walls. Fig. 6, same, closed at oneend. Fig. 7, same, with tap-door built
at the other end. Fig. 8, another built on same plan, but the first openins not quite
closed, a loose flap ata. Fig. 9, tube dug between two walls, hinge at a, distal part
of door ath. Fig. 10, curved tube with door hung so as to swing to the right and
left. Fig, 11, section of bottle showing work of spider: a, wall, b, pellets of earth
carried up and stuck to the glass, ¢, nest, a tower against the side of the bottle. Fig.
12, nest showing concentric ‘‘lines of growth,’’ in the trap-door. Fig. 13, b, first hole
dug by spider, e, second one, d, wall between which was removed making of the ex-
cavation a trench, subsequently d. was restored and nest built in normal way al /.

Fig. 14, spiders represented in act of spinning silken lining to the upper end of the
tube. Figs. 15 and 16, adult spider taking a novel method of excavating a hole.

Norsr.—The doors of all the young trap-door spiders’ nests are very thin, from
2 to 3 mm, in thickness. One spider worked so rapidly that it would sometimes _
pick up and unload a pellet of earth in 8 seconds, Asa rule they required a much
longer time than this.

* All of the observations made use of in the preparation of this article were made
on individuals of the same species. Descriptions of the new species collected, their
nests, and food habits, I hope to haye published in a subsequent article.

—0)3saae

Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North
American Beetles published in 1885.
By SAMUEL HENSHAW.

(Contmued from p. 71.)

pe AN Eo Seesigs

CARABIDAE.

Cychrus regularis Lec. 79 p. 2 Id.; C. Rickseckeri Lec. 79 p. 2 Mont.-Calosoma
Morrisonii Horn 66 p. 128 Ariz.--Nebria parvula Sahlb. 101 p. 47 Amer. kusted. Be-
ring-Str. —Pachyteles parca Lec, 79 p. 2 Ariz, —Feronia (Pseudocryobius) splendida
Sahlb. 101 p. 49 Amer. kuste d. Bering-Str.; F. epipleuralis Sahlb. 101 p. 49 Amer.
kuste d. Bering-Str.; F. plana Sahlb. 101 p. 50 Amer, kuste d. Bering-Str, —Amara
angustata Sahlb, 101 p. 51 Amer. kuste d. Bering-Str.—Stolonis Ulkei Horn 66 p,
129 Tex.—Platynus? quadrimaculatus Horn 66 p. 139 Ky.—Galerita decipiens Horn
66 p. 131 Ariz.—Lebia montana Horn 66 p. 131 Mont.; L. lecta Horn 66 p. 131
Fla.; L. scapula Horn 66 p. 132 Ariz.; L. depicta Horn 66 p. 133 Mont.; L. pectila
Horn 66 p. 133 pro vittatat; L. punctifera Lec. 79 p. 2 Ariz. —Chlaenius insperatus
Horn 66 p. 134 Ariz.—Brachylobus caurinus Horn 66 p. 134 Cal.

SILPHIDAE.
Choleva alsiosa Horn 66 p. 136 Alaska. —Echinocoleus (n. g.) Horn 66 p. 136.;
E. setiger Horn 66 p. 136 Ariz.—-Ptomaphagus fissus Horn 66 p. 137 Ariz.; P. Ulkei
66 p. 137 D. C.—Hydnobius arizonensis Horn 66 p. 138 Ariz.

SCYDMAENIDAE.

Scydmaenus deformatus Horn 66 p. 138 Cal.

STAPHYLINIDAE.
Falagria occidua Casey 13 p. 285 Cal.; F. laticollis Casey 13 p. 287 Cal.—Colusa
(n. g.) Casey 13 p. 288; C. gracilis Casey 13 p. 292 Cal.; C. eximia Casey 13 p, 293.
Cal.; C. valida Casey 13 p. 294 Cal.; C. exilis Casey 13 p. 294 Cal.; C. grandicollis
Casey 13 p. 295 Cal.—Pontomalota (n. g.) Casey 13 p. 296; P. californica ‘Casey 13
p. 298 Cal.; P. nigriceps Casey 13 p. 299 Cal.—Tachyusa experta Casey 13! p. 300
Cal.; T. linearis Casey 13 p. 301 Cal.; T. laticeps Casey 13 p. 302 Cali) T. faceta!
Casey 13 p. 302 Cal.; T. Harfordi Casey 13 p. 304 Cal.—Platyusa (n. g.)CaSey-13
p. 305; P. sonomae Casey 13 p. 305 Cal.—Calodera attenuata Casey 13 p: 306 Cal:
—Ilyobates californicus Casey 13 p. 307 Cal.; I. nigrinus Casey 13 p. 308 Cal.—“Ma—
seochara californica Casey 13 p. 309 Cal.— Oxypoda insignis Casey 13 p. 310'Cal.—*
Phytosus bicolor Casey 13 p. 311 Cal.; P. maritinus Casey p, 312 Cal.-+Belontichus’
pallens Sharp 41 p. 431 Tex. Mex. C. Amer.—Bryonomus (n, g.) Casey 13°! 313
pro Cafius canescens and C, seminitens, —Cryptobium anceps Horn 63 p. go Ariz. C. “
Lecontei Horn 63 p. 94 Tex. Kans.; C. vagum Horn 63 p. 95 Tex.;) C? arizonense’|
Horn 63 p. 96 Ariz.; C. vitatum Horn 63 p. 96 Ariz.; C. ventrale Horn 68° p.'97'"
Ariz., C. properum Horn 63 p. tor Ariz.; C. nactum Horn 63 p. 102 Ariz.*—Oxy-
porus austrinus Horn 66 p, 135 Geo.—Phloeopterus longipalpus Casey 13 p. 318 Cal.
—Vellica (n.g.) Casey 13 p. 321; V. longipennis Casey 13 p. 321; Cal.—Lesteva trun-
cata Casey 13 p. 322 Cal.—Amphichroum maculatum Lec. 79 p. 3 Cal. Nev.—Ho-
malium algarum Casey 13 p. 316 Cal.; H. rugipenne Casey 13 p. 317Cal. — Eudéctus.,.
crassicornis Lec. 79 p. 4 La.—Protinus salebrosus Casey 13 p. 323 Cal. |

Entomologica Americana, Vol TI. 14 August 1886.

TRICHOPTERYGIDAE.

Actidium robustulum Casey 13 p. 324 Cal.; A. granulosum Casey 13 p. 325
Cal.; A. attenuatum Casey 13 326 Cal.

CORYLOPHIDAE.
Corylophodes (n. g-) Matth, 89 p. 160 pro Arthrolips marginicollis et Corylo-
phus truncatus.
EROTYLIDAE.

Languria divisa Horn 66 p. 139 Col., N. Mex.

COLYDIIDAE.

Synchita dentata Horn 66 p. 139 Fla.-—S. obscura Horn 66 p. 140 D. C.; Dito-
ma quadricollis Horn 66 p 140 N. C,—Coxelus serratus Horn 66 p. 142 Cal.—Las—
conotus vegrandis Horn 66 p. 140 Cal.; L. servus Horn 66 p. 141 Cal.

CRYPTOPHAGIDAE.
Cryptophagus beringensis Sahlb. 100 p. 29 Amer. sidan af Berings sund.

HISTERIDAE.
Ulkeus (n. g.) Horn 66 p. 142; U. intricatus Horn 66 p. 143 Kans. Tex.
LATHRIDIDAE.

Cartodera intermedia Belon 4 p. cxcii Amer, sept.

DASCYLLIDAE.
Euscaphurus (n. g.) Casey 13 p. 328; E. saltator Casey 13 p. 329 Cal.

ELATERIDAE.

Horistonotus vulneratus Horn 62 p. 35 Ariz.; H. palliatus Horn 62 p. 35 Ariz.;
H. basalis Horn 62 p. 36 Cal.; H. gracilis Horn 62 p. 39 Nev.; H. mitis Horn 62
p. 40 Ut.—Esthesopus praeditus Horn 62 p. 42 Tenn, Tex.; E. parcus 62 p. 42 Ariz. ;
E. dispersus Horn 62 p. 43 Tex. Ut. Ariz. Cal.; E. pusio Horn 62 p. 43 Fla.—Ap-
topus peregrinus Horn 62 p. 44 Tex.—Cryptohypnus barbatus Sahlb. 100 p. 30 Amer.
sidan af Berings sund.—Anchastus frontalis Horn 62 p. 49 N. Mex.—Elater insignis
Lec. 79 p. 11 Tex.; E. fastus Lec. 79 p. 11 Cal.; E. rubriventris Lec. 79 p. 12 N,
Mex.; E. melinus Lec. 79 p. 12 Cal.; E, ater Lec. 79 p. 12 Col.; E. longicornis Lec.
79 p. 12 Cal.; E. subtilis Lec. 79 p. 12 L. Sup.; E. lateralis Lec. 79 p. 12 Nev.; E.
torquatus Lec. 79 p. 12 Nev.; E. nevadensis Lec. 79 p. 13 Nev.; E. affinis Lec. 79
p. 13 W. T. Cal.—Drasterius asper Lec. 79 p. 5 Tex.; D. cribratus Lec. 79 p. 5 Tex;
D. debilis Lec. 79 p. 5 L. Sup.—Megapenthes nigriventris Lec. 79 p. 7 Cal. W. T.;
M., lepidus Lec. 79 p. 7 Cal.—Ludius pinguis Horn 62 p. 47 Or.—Agriotes imper-
fectus Lec. 79 p. 16 Cal.; A. sparsus Lec. 79 p. 17 Or. W. T.; A. hispidus Lec. 79
p. 17 Cal.; A. nevadensis Lec. 79 p. 17 Nev.; A. apicalis Lec, 79 p. 18 Cal.; A. tor—
quatus Lec. 79 p. 18 Cal.; A. montanus Lec. 79 p. 19 Id. Wy.—Leptoschema (n.g.)
Horn 62 p. 50 pro Agriotes protractum et al.—Eniconyx (n, g.) Horn 62 p. 51.; E.
pullatus Horn 62 p. 52 Ariz.; E. gracilis Horn 62 p. 52 N. Mex.

THROSCIDAE.

Throscus invisus Horn 68 p. 201 N. Y.; T. convergens Horn 68 p. 202. Geo.;
T. pugnax Horn 68 p. 202 Fla. ; T. mendax Horn 68 p. 203 Cal.; T. sejunctus Horn.
68 p. 204 Cal.; T. debilis Horn 68 p. 205 W. T. Or.

BUPRESTIDAE.

Halecia gentilis Horn 66 p. 144 Tex. Mex.—Chrysobothris ignicollis Horn 66 p.
p. 145 Col. Tex.—Schizopus Sallei Horn 66 145 Cal.-Thrincopyge laetifica Horn
66 p. 146 Tex.—Tyndaris cincta Hern 66 p. 147 Tex.

LAMPYRIDAE.

Lycaina discoidalis Horn 66 p. 150 Tex.—Pyropyga simplex Lec. 79 p. 20
Ariz.—Pleotomus nigripennis Lec. 79 p. 20 Ariz..—Lamprohiza Riversi Lec. 79 p. 20
Cal.—Zarhipis Riversi Horn 66 p. 148 Cal.—Spathizus (n. g.) Lec. 79 p. 20,; S. bi-
color Lec. 79 p. 21 Ariz.—Chauliognathus ineptus Horn 66 p. 150 Ariz.; C. misel-
lus Horn 66 p. 150 Ariz.—Silis atra Lec. 79 p. 22 W. T.—Telephorus costipennis
Lec. 79 p, 21 Fla.—Polemius princeps Lec. 79 p. 21 Ariz.; P. strenuus Lec. 79 p.
21 Ariz.; P. marginicollis Lec. 79 p. 21 N.Mex.—Malthodes bicolor Lec. 79 p. 22 Ariz.

CLERIDAE.
Cymatodera turbata Horn 66 p. 151 Tex.; C. sirpata Horn 66 p. 152 Tex.; C.
fallax Horn 66 p. 153 Tex.—Clerus ocreatus Horn 66 p. 154 Kans, —Hydnocera lon-
ga Lec. 79 p. 22 Ariz.

PTINIDAE.

Theca striatopunctata Lec. 79 p. 22 Cal.—Caenocara occidens Casey 13 p. 330
Cal.— Sinoxylon simplex Horn 66 p. 155 Tex.;—S. floridanum Horn 66 p. 155 Fla.
—Dinapate (n. g.) Horn 71 p. 2; D. Wrighti Horn 71 p. 2; Cal.

LUCANIDAE.
Platycerus californicus Casey 13 p. 331 Cal.

SCARABAEIDAE.

Glaresis mendica Horn 65 p. 117 Ariz.; G. inducta Horn 65 p, 117 Tex. —Phy-
talus cephalicus Horn 65 p. 120 Ariz.; P. robustus Horn 65 p. 120 N. Mex. Ariz.;
P. pallidus 65 p. 121 Ariz,; P. vexatus Horn 65 p. 121 Tex.; P. debilis Horn 65 p.
122 Ariz.; P. georgianus Horn 65 p. 122 Geo.—Listrochelus flavipennis Horn 65 p.
123 Ariz.; L. gracilis Horn 65 p. 123 Ariz.—Plusiotis Woodii Horn 65 p, 124 Tex. —
Orizabus Snowii Horn 65 p, 124 N. Mex.; O. ligyroides Horn 65 p, 125 Ariz,—Cre-
mastochilus spinifer Horn 65 p. 126 Tex.; C. planipes Horn 65 p. 127 Ariz.; C. in-
eptus Horn 65 p. 127 Ariz.

CERAMBYCIDAE.

Phymatodes ater Lec. 79 p. 22 N. Y.—Hypexilis (n. g.) Horn 67 p. 173; H.
pallida Horn 67 p. 173 Tex.—Gracilia obliquata Horn 67 p. 174 Tex.—Romaleum
seminitidum Horn 61 p. 130 Ariz.—Aneflus calvatus Horn 61 p. 132 Ariz.—Ptero-
platus divisus Lec. 79 p, 23 Tex.; P. rufipennis Lec. 79 p. 23 Ariz. N. Mex.; P. apica-
lis Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.; P. ignitus Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.—Crioprosopus lateralis Lec. 79
p. 22 Tex.—Purpuricenus dimidiatus Lec. 79 p. 23 Cal.—Metaleptus Batesi Horn 67
p- 174 Ariz.—Oxoplus jocosus Horn 67 p. 175 Ariz.—Stenosphenus novatus Horn 67
p. 178 L, Cal.; S. lepidus Horn 67 p. 179 Ariz.; S, dolosus Horn 67 p. 179 Tex.; S,
debilis Horn 67 p. 179 Ut.—Monilema spoliatum Horn 67 p. 186 Cal.; M. Ulkei
Horn 67 p. 188 Tex.—Liopus centralis Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.—Lypsimena californica
Horn 67 p. 197 Cal.—Oncideres texana Horn 67 p. 195 Tex.—Dysphaga bicolor
Horn 67 p. 196 Tex.

CHRYSOMELIDAE.

Lema balteata Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.; L. concolor Lec. 79 p. 24 N. Mex. —Cosein-
optera dorsalis Lec. 79 p. 25 Ariz.; C. bifarta Lec. 79 p. 25 Ariz.; C. canella Lec, 79
p. 25 S. Cal.—Saxinis apicalis Lec. 79 p. 25 Ariz.—Trichotheca vagans Lec. 79 p.
26 Tex.—Chrysochus robustus Horn 66 p. 156 Ariz.—Graphops beryllinus Lec.
79 p. 26 Kans,; G. obscurus Lec. 79 p, 26Col.; G. varians Lec. 79 p. 26 Il.
‘Lex. Kans.; G. simplex Lec. 79 p. 27 Tex.-—Colaspis Crotchii Lefevre 80 p.cxcix
Car. --Phyllobrotica livida Lec, 79 p. 28 Ariz.—Phyllodecta scutellaris Sahlb. 101
p55 Amer. kiiste d. Berings—St. ca texanus Lec. .79 p. 28 Tex.—
Luperus maculicollis Lec. 79 p. 27 Cal.; L. torquatus Lec. 79 p. 28 Cal. —Androly-
perus maculatus Lec. 79 p. 28 a bicolor Lec. 79 p. 28 Ariz.—Galeruca
erosa Lec. 79 p. 28 Ut.—Hypolampsis guttatus Lec. 79 p. 29 La.—Caeporis nanula
Lee,,79 p. 29 S. C. Tex.—Microrhopala uniformis Smith 115 p. 94 Ariz.—Odontota

Horni Smith 415 p. 94 Mass.; O. lateritia Smith 115 p. 95 Ariz.—Charistena bicolor
Smith 115 p. 95 N. Mex.
ra BRUCHIDAE.

10! : . . . Y * r

*°'Bruchus longiventris Sharp 41 p. 476 Ariz. Mex. N, Sonora.—Zabrotes(n. g.)
Horn 66 P- 156; Z. cruciger Horn66 p. 157 Col.; Z. spectabilis Horn 66 p. 157
Ariz. Nev.; Z. obliteratus Horn 66 p. 158 Ariz.; Z, subnitens Horn 66 p. 158 Geo. ;
Z,, densus Horn 66 p. 158 Cal.; Z. planifrons Horn 66 p. 158. Ariz.

na aa TENEBRIONIDAE.

Conoecus (n. g.) Horn 66 p. 159.; C. ovipennis Horn 66 p 159 ‘Tex.—Zopherus
granicollis Horn 66 p. 160 L, Cal.—Khinandrus sublaevis Horn 66 p. 160 Ariz.—He-
lops strigicollis Horn 66 p. 161 Cal.

MELANDRYIDAE.
Dircaea-Riversi Lec. 79 p. 29 Cal.
yt — x9 MELOIDAE.

“Macrébasis purpurea Horn 64 p. 108 Ariz.; M. lauta Horn 64 p. 108 Ariz,—
EB seal Gitignis Horn 64 p. 110 Ariz.; E. fallax Horn 64 p. 111 Cal.—Pyrota dubi-
cabhhis tHE ba p: 113 Lex?; P. invita Hor n64114 Tex.; P. bilineata Horn 64 p. 115
Col.’ Med PS! ‘Cantharis molesta Horn 64 p. 111 Cal.

1 os MTA ¢
Gite) ny SeNGTAL CURCULIONIDAE.
BE panes tinamus Lec. 79 p. 30 Fla.—Orchestes betuleti Horn 66 p. 161 D. C.

—Acalles costifer Lec. 79 p. 30 Tex.; A. sulcicollis Lec. 79 p. 30 Tex.-Pseudomus in-
flatus Lec. 79 p. 31 Fla.-Cryptorhynchus lutosus Lec. 79 p. 33 Fla.; C. brachialis Lec.
TOR. 34 ex; *Zygops seminiveus Lec. 79 P. 31 Ariz.

isuslsaroA— .x9 ANTHRIBIDAE.
Toxtahpis aye ints Lec. 79 p. 32 Tex.—Choragus nitens Lec. 79 p. 32 Mass.

RIG TD : .xs Mi

PY al SRS tLE 5 ——————=) +--+ ae

x orate tah station of a Cuban work treating also of insects, by an of

ee 2 VOU 2
Bical “gnsigtor.,) we find the following interesting and instructive passage;

“thatthe ringgermte and bugs, the cervo volante and also the herculo of
Ameniaalsancamere, visible by their voracious destructions than poultry
yarlethdassariGls, in the night, at the crepuscle and in the day: also
the slow bumble bee and the lightning bug.”!

A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous family
Chalcididae.
By L. O. Howarp.

(Continued from page 38.)

< should have been prefixed to the following subgenera men-
tioned in the last installment of this synopsis, as none of them have been found as yet

in this country:

Cenocrepis, Hemitrichus, Habritus, Dinarmus, Picroscytus, Beotomus, Platy—
termus, Amblymerus, Cecidostiba, Caenacis, Cricellius, Haleceus, Stinoplus, Habrocy-
tus, Spintherus, Polycelis, Trichomalus, Molizous, Trichoglenus, Meraporus, Catol-
aceus, Diglochis, Arthrolytus, Dibrachys, Colopisthus, Dirhicnus.

Subfamily EUCHARINAE.

The genera of this subfamily are in such confusion that it is useless
to attempt a synopsis before they have been thoroughly reviewed. I give
simply Cameron's synopsis of the four Central American genera,

Scu ellum simple at apex. Antennae. 13~jointed, simple in both sexes... ...........
*Genus Orasama Cameron.
Seutelium ending in two short blunt teeth which are not much longer than broad.

Sides of metathorax with leaf-like — at apex. Antennz serrate in fe—

mate, simple in male., 3 0 bc See .*Genus Lophyrocera Cameron.
Scutellum ending in processes Since are as lone as he abdomen. Antennz in male

flabellate.

Third joint of antenne as long as all the succeeding joints together....... ......
*Genus Lirata Cameron.
Third joint of antennze not much longer than fourth...... Genus Kapala Cameron.

Subfamily PERILAMPINAE.

Abdomen not petiolate.
Flagellum of antennze compacted into a short club....*Genus Philomides Haliday.

Flagellum long and only slightly clavate............ Genus Perilampus Latreille,
Abdomen petiolate.

Mesonotum thickly and deeply punctate........ *Genus Lamprostylus Foerster.

Mresonotum, Net so punctured: Gens... . . . » temereeieeye* &« *Genus Elatus Walker.

Subfamily EURYTOMINAE.

Marginal vein thick, quadrate; post marginal and stigmal very short; a lunate or
transverse submarginal dusky shade. Male antennz similar to Q, funicle
EADIE Miah hela Asieltctacie sisilefleici. 5c - + « <Ce ene Genus Decatoma Spinola.

Marginal vein linear; no submarginal fascia; male antennz verticillate—pilose.

Cheeks usually acute. Mesonotum umbilicate—punctate.
Scape much longer than first funicle joint............ Genus Eurytoma Illiger.
Scape equal in length to first funicle joint........... Genus Bephrata Cameron.
Cheeks usually rounded. Mesonotum with more obsolete punctures, not umbili-—

cate-punctate.
Body short; metathorax almost vertical. Marginal vein not longer than stigmal.
Genus Systole Walker.
metathorax sloping gradually, Marginal vein longer than stie mall

Genwoiths eta Call dtiw

Body long

>?

The genus PAilachyra Waliday I have not mentioned as I think it
cannot be separated from /sosoma. Of Atolomorthus Walker,I can form

no definite opinion.
Subfamily TRIDYMINAE.

Antenne inserted slightly above the clypeus, which is rounded and produced at the
apex. Parapsides plainly shown............. ..*Genus Tridymus Ratzeburg.
Antenne inserted at the middle of the front. Clypeus plain, not produced. Anten-
nee with both ring joints visible.
Parapsides plain. Front impressed with very many dots.
Wangsiciliate:at apex. Ac 1 < scl. etcetera « «is Genus Semiotellus Westwood.
Wings not ciliate. ‘Thorax slighty rugose-punctate. ...*Genus Systasis Walker-
Parapsides MOt Plat. cn\c ccs </sicrcia\= ateeenaetets)>.0°s. 6: *Genus Metasteuns Walker’

Subfamily SPALANGINAE.

Body aeneus, wings with a short marginal vein.........*Genus Isocratus Foerster.
Body wingless or with a long marginal vein.
Body not at all or very slightly metallic. Frenum not discernible.
Body not metallic; mesonotum opaque, punctate; abdomen conico-subulate.
*Genus Tricoryphus Foerster. 7
Mesonotum submetallic, polished.
Body winged; metathorax strongly punctate. *Genus Cerocephala Westwood.
Body winged or wingless; metathorax smooth; mandibles of usual size.
*Genus Theocolax Westwood.
Body winged, mandibles very large, three times the length of the head.
*Genus Paralzsthia Cameron.
Body metallic; antennz inserted in the anterior margin of the oblong head. Fren—
Ui Taree mciStinct ci. cise cisl\s seis meee ciel s/o esse Genus Spalangia Latr.

Subfamily PIRENINAE.

Wings with post marginal and stigmal very short. Ventral valvules not reaching to
anus. Antenne short, clavate; at least the two first funicle joints annuliform.
Antennze with two ring-joints. Eyes of male strongly converging above.
Genus Macroglenes Westwood.
Antenne with at least three ring-joints. Scutellar. frenum horizontal.
Genus Pirene Haliday.
Postmarginal and stigmal veins long. Ventral valvules reaching to anus. Antennz
with one or noring-joints. Terebra exserted..... *Genus Henicetrus Thomson.
Postmarginal and stigmal veins moderately long. Ventral valvules not reaching to
anus. Antenne with no ring-joints. Terebra not exserted. Abdomen with a

large tuft of hair each side of petiole........ Genus Dilophogaster Howard. *
Subfamily TETRACAMPINAE.
Mesopleura not divided. j' tarsi 4-jointed. Marginal vein long, narrow....... ..

*Genus Tetracampe Foerster.
Mesopleura divided. tarsi 5-jointed, Marginal vein large, black, oblong-oval....
*Genus Platynochilus Westwood.

* This name is proposed as a substitute for Tomocera, a genus founded by the
writer in 1880—Ann, Rept. Com. Agr. 1880, p. 368, as the name first given conflicts
with the genus Tomocerus of the order Collembola,

Subfamily ELACHISTINAE.

Abdomen with a more or less distinct petiole.
Posterior tibize with very long spurs. Vertex in the middle, and collar acute......
Genus Euplectrus Westwood.
Posterior tibize with one or two short spurs. Pronotum subconical.
Posterior tibize 1-spurred. Scutellum with two dorsal lines.
Thorax ornamented with light colors. Scutellar sutures straight............
Genus Stenomesius Westwood.
‘Thorax not ornamented with lighter colors Body or at least head metallic...
Genus Elachistus Spinola.
Posterior tibize 2-spurred. Body not metallic. Scutellum with no dorsal lines...
Genus Miotropis Thomson.
* Abdomen sub-sessile. Scutellum with two dorsal impressed lines. Posterior tibize

I-spurred,
Body winged, metallic, often ornate. ............ Genus Cirrospilus Westwood.
Body not metallic. Wingsshort or none........... Genus Melittobia Westwood.

Notre.—Foerster’s genera Aulogymnus, Dichatomus and KRhicnopelte
which he places in the Elachistinze are so insufficiently described that I
cannot bring them into this synopsis without seeing specimens. No
American species of any of these three genera have been found.

Subfamily ELASMINAE,
This subfamily consists of the single genus Z/asmus which is suffic-
iently charaicteriz:d in the subfamily synopsis (p 199 of Vol.1 ). Five
species have been found in this country,

Subfamily EULOPHINAE.

Scutellum with no dorsal lines.
Antennz inserted in the middle of the face; scape reaches far above the ocelli; <j
antennz with 3 branches. Posterior tibie I-spurred ......... ..........
*Genus Hemiptarsenus Westwood.
Antennz inserted far below the middle of the face; scape reaches no higher than
ocelli. Posterior tibize usually 2-spurred.
Parapsidal sutures complete but delicate.
Antenne of co 3 branched.. Abdomen elongates ie. 5 <n cece cmmndewee see
*Genus Teleogmus Thomson.
Pfeeunoe OF Cy SIMPIe. van csis sors +s - «ckammenmaiae *Genus Olinx Foerster.
Parapsidal sutures not discernible.
Posterior tibize evidently 2-spurred.
Marginal vein at least three times as long asstigmal, j' antennz simple; fun-
AGL JOMILCC aie cfelatalé. cles o's «> «>. << uaeiemet Genus Sympiesis Foerster.
Marginal vein not thrice as long as stigmal. (j' antennz 3-branched, very
rarely simple.
SMB OLAR Veny! SEOUL wis tistars <)s\s1-(cls + +s stele *Genus Cratotechus Thomson.
Thorax not robust.
Flagellum of Q antennze compressed, fusiform, <f with very short
branches. Wings of 2 dusky...*Genus Microplectron Dahlbom.
Flagellum of 9 antennz not compressed-fusiform.

ee) ———

Funicle of O antennz white, ¢* with short branches,.......... Sea
*Genus Microlycus Thomsen
Funicle of Q black, -¥* with long branches.............-

Genus Eulophus Geoffroy.

Posterior bic e-spurred)).......eeieee eile ee *Genus Necremnus Thomson.
Scutellum with dorsal lines. Funicle and club of QO 3-jointed.
POSteNLOnAbilpies | 2-SPULTEd - : 2. + 4) ents Cray “Genus Diglyphus Thomson.
Rostemor tibice T—spurred': |... 2) eee Rabe e eee Cents SOleNOtiS mGErstets
Subfamily ENTEDONINAE.
Funicle of <f antennz strongly toothed and furnished with whorls of hair.......... ;

Genus Astichus Foerster.
Funicle of -{' antenn not toothed.
Mesoscutellum with a middle furrow............... *Genus Holcopelte Foerster.
Mesoscutellum without such a furrow.
Wings with a seeming marginal cell formed by the hairs................ ee
*Genus Secodes Bore ster.
Wings without such a cell.
Postmarginal vein broken just distad of the stigmal.

Submarginal strongly thickened........ *Genus Pleuropachys Westwood.
Submarginal not thickened.
Metanotum with side keels............. *Genus Pleurotropis Foerster.
Metanotum without keels.
Mesoscutellum scaley...... BUEN eg. / ic hereha oe Genus Entedon Dalinan.
Mesoscutellumismooths eemene see ee. Genus Asecodes Foerster.
Postmarginal vein not broken after stigmal.,
Abdomen elongate, pointed..... MAR te tes ees “Genus Omphale Haliday.
Abdomen not especially elongate.
Antenne 5 —jointed= ss = eee eile ce Genus Chrysocharis Foerster.
AMtenn oS C=] OMMLE Caer sie eee ee ....Genus Derostenus Westwood,

Subfamily TETRASTICHINAE.
Scutellum without furrows.

Wanesiwathout a stiomall vein: Se eee «= cree eee *Genus Anozus Foerster.
Wings with a stigmal vein.
Whole border of the wings with very long hairs.... .Genus Gyrolasia Foerster.

Cilia of front wings not long. Thorax strongly punctate. . iin f0 oe ee
*Genus Puderus: Haliday.
Scutelium with two furrows.

Scape greatly thickened.

Fore wings with long cilia around entire border.....*Genus Ceranisus Walker.

Fore wings not cililate on front border.......... *Genus Baryscapus Foerster.

Scape not thickened especially.
Antenne 10-jointed, with no ring joint......... .*Genus Hyperteles Foerster.
Antenne g-jointed with <j’, without ring joints; with Q 10-jointed with 2 ring
joints and a 3-jointed club.............. ...Genus Tetrastichus Haliday.

Subfamily TRICHOGRAMMINAE.
Front wings with regular rows of hairs.
The submarginal vein does not reach the costa....Genus Ophioneurus Ratzeburg.
Submarginal reaches costa.

——fOl—

Submarginal, marginal and stigmal make a regular arch. Antenne 8-jointed.
Genus Trichogramma Westwood.
These veins make no regular arch. Antenne less than $-jointed.
Border of the wings with very long cilia....... *Genus Chaetosticha Walker.
Wings from marginal vein to tip bordered with only short cilia.
Antennz 7-jointed, with one ring—joint and a 4-jointed club................
“Genus Lathromeris Foerster.

Antenne 6—jointed, with no ring-joint and with a 3-jointed club.....
*Genus Centrobia Foerster.

Front wings without regular rows of hair.
Eroenmes 7 -JOMtCG werete se. are. ..'.. . sae ae
Antenne 6-jointed.
Fore-wings broad, with short cilia around border..... .....................
*Genus Brachysticha Foerster.
*Genus Oligosita Haliday.

*Genus Asynacta Feerster,

Fore—wings narrow with long cilia.:..............
(Yo be continued, )
o> oe

The first meeting of the Ent. Club of the A. A. A. S. will be held at
2 p.m. Aug. 17th in the library room of the Buffalo Soc. of Natural
Sciences. No definite programme has yet been made. On some after-
noon during the session there will be an excursion of the Club to Mr. '
Wendling’s grounds at Ebenezer, 8 miles from Buffalo, where refreshments
will be served; the return to be around the City and through the Buffalo
Parks, reaching the City about 8 p.m. There willalso be a reception on
some evening during the week. Special Badges will be provided for
members of the Club, and it is very desirable that all that propose at-
tending, notify the Secretary and send in also the title of any papers
they expect to present. It is desired to make this meeting a very suc-
cessful one and the earnest co-operation of all is desired.

. Joun B. Situ, Secy,

Uss.N. M. W ea DeG

ee eae ee SAUER EE

W e regret to hear cae BE ci : of DH: Te aee SG U.S cies

fantry, lately stationed at Fort Douglass U. T. Capt. Murdock was a

good collector and in a good locality, for obtaining rare species, Many

good species in our Guilecuen came from him. He was drowned while
crossing a river with a detachment of troops on a scouting expedition,

* *
*

Death from typhoid fever has prematurely removed one of the most
active workers in Acarinology, Dr. Gustav Haller who died in Bern,
Switzerland, on May 1, 1886, after a short illness. His papers mostly
published in the Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomol. Gesellschaft
and in various German periodicals have contributed much to our know]-
-edge of the biology, morphology and systematic arrangement of the
Acarids and more especially of the families Tyroglyphide, Sarcoptidee and

Hydrachnide.

Entomologica Americana. 15 August 1886.

—— 1 es

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.
(Continued from p. 83.)
BATYLE, Thom.
Scutellum small, prothorax sparsely punctured. Two species may
be separated:

Larger, black, sparsely pubescent; thorax red, elytra densely punctured,

ignicollis-
Smaller, red, elytra red with suture more or less black, legs more or less black;
elytral punctures coarse, distant. -.........--. 2s seer esses eee suturalis.

B. ignicollis Say J. A. P. Il, 1823, p. 412; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, I, pees
Thom. Syst. Ceramb. p. 242; coccineicollis Hald, Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 39; Dej.
Cat. 3 ed. p. 351; sanguinicollis Germ. Ins, Spec. nov. 1824, p. 515.

Length .28-.52 in.=7-13 mm. Hab. 5S. W. States.

B. suturalis Say J. A. P. Ill, 1323, p,q; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, Il, p. 185 mi-
niatus Germ. Ins. Spec. nov. p. 515; rubens Dej. Cat. 3 ed. p. 351; rutilans Lec. J.
A. P. ser. 2, II, 1850 p. 18; ruber Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1858, p. 82; Pearsalii Bland.

Length .28 in.=7 mm. Hab. U. S. South of N. Y., Mont.

. Avery variable species. The legs may be red or black or anything
between. The suture may not beara trace of black or it may be more
or less black up to the form Pearsad@ in which the apical third of the
Elytra is black. The thorax is occasionally black. (Pl. IV, f. rs.)

OXOPLUS Lec.

The species of this and following genera have the scutellum small
and acutely triangular, The species of Oxop/us are colored red and
black and differ from Zj/oszs by having the sides of prothorax obtusely
spinose and disk without callosities. The following synopsis by Dr. Geo.
H. Horn is extracted from Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, May 188s.

SYNOPSIS OF OXOPLUS.

Thorax black, the tips of tubercles red;

Elytra very densely punctate, color black, the basal margin and the side three-
fourths to apex red; body beneath at middle and entire abdomen red; apices of
elytra J sinuately truncate, sutural angle rounded............ marginatus.

Thorax red, the apical and basal margins somewhat narrowly black.

Abdomen red.

Elytra black, broadly margined with red at base which extends down the side
three-fourths to apex; surface densely rather finely punctate; apices sin-
uously truncate, sutural angle obtuse; body beneath red, sides of meso- and
MELASTEYMUM, DLOWNER. vicice stm to mRaemteel iste ae ie 0 1s |-1ua tein oeeate cruentus.

Elytra in great part red, a broad black band piace from the apex nearly two-
thirds to base; surface rather coarsely not densely punctured; apices trun-
cate, the hte angle slightly prolonged; body beneath black, abdomen
TCIM ie keA tain io! a hus /avore oa bass toate RECA a ee Huh ee aetaete corallinus,

Abdomen and entire body beneath black.

a3 —

Elytra colored as in corallinus with a very narrow basal black band; surface
i coarsely punctured at base, more finely and closely toward apex; apices sep-
arately rounded, the sutural angle distinct but not prolonged.... jocosus.

O. marginatus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1862, Pp: 42. Length .86-.95 in.=22-24
mm. Hab. Lower Cal.

O. cruentus Lec. Ll. c. .75-.85 in.=19-21 mm. Hab. Lower Cal.

O. corallinus Lec. |. c. .70-.80 in.=18-20 mm. Wyom., Utah and N. Mex.

O. jocosus Horn Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, 1885, p.175. Length .48-.60 in.
=12-15mm. Hab, Col. and Arizona.

(To be continued.)

—————
; Notes and News.

In the ‘‘Entomologisk Tidskrift” of Stockholm Vol. 6, 1885 is given a
Catalogue of the Macroleipdoptera of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. This
is of interest to American Lepidopterists for three reasons; rst the fauna
of Arctic Europe is very much the same as that of Arctic America; 2nd

the author after an examination of the types of Thunberg, De Geer, and
others, replaces nearly 30 names given in Staudinger’s Catalogue, by
more ancient names principally given by Thunberg, De Geer and Géze,
- and 3rd, a number of new varieties are named, which may be found in
our own Arctic fauna. We notice as well the statement that our Chryso-
phanus Phileas var. americana has been taken by a Swedish collector.
Gro. D, Hurst.

* *
*

A copy of the Davenport Sunday Democrat (June 27) contains a
record of the transfer of the Entomological collection of the late if
Duncan Putnam to the Davenport Academy of Sciences. Weare pleased
to note the liberal spirit of the relatives who preserved the scientific work
of Mr. Putnam by placing his collection where it would be cared for and
would instruct and perhaps lead others to follow in his foot-steps. It is
too often that a collection accumulated by years of hard labor is allowed
to go to ruin by the relatives of the deceased or sold in sections after being
robbed of its treasures by some enterprising collector who gets a chance
to a get pick at it for a small sum.

* *
a

Having in preparation a series of synoptic tables of Aphodius with
such emendatory notes as are required on my previous work, I will glad-
ly return the names of any dupiicafe sets which may be sent to me.

Gro. H. Horn, M. D.,
874 N. 4th St. Philadelphia,

—104—

We learn from ‘‘The Entomologist”, that our American butterfly
Danais archippus after taking possession within a few years of the Sand-
wich Islands and Australia, and while making rapid conquest of the Ma-
layan Archipelago, has as well invaded England, and has been taken so
often that he seems likely to conquer and stay. It is rather difficult for
the great majority of Lepidopterists to recognise him under the name of
Anosia plexippus’, but that is the name that the British Museum gives
to what the rest of the Lepidopterological world calls Danais archippus.

We suppose after the English fashion,(if it be not done already), he
will soon be dubbed with 2 ‘‘common name” as well, and his identity
still further disguised. But none the less, he is an ‘acquisition to the
English fauna, new, larger than any of the rest of their butterflies, bril-
liant in color, showy in appearance, easily caught, easily reared, novel
and beautiful in chrysalis and larva, and withal American. G. D. H.

wm»

Society News.

Entomological Society of Washington. Meeting July 8, 1886,.—-The Cor-
responding Secretary laid before the society a letter from Miss A. Haller an-
nouncing the death of Dr. G. Haller, the well-known Acarinologist; also a com-
munication from Dr. Horn announcing the fact that Harpalus caliginosus strid-
ulates. The noise is produced by the edges of the last two abdominal segments
being rubbed against an alutaceous space on the inner edge of each elytron.

Mr. Schwarz read from a letter of Mr. Hubbard a note on a specimen of
Bradycinetus ferrugineus which suddenly died while being held in the hand.
He also exhibited a male of Hydrophilus ovatus remarkable from the form of the
maxillary palpi, the two last joints being notably fattened.

Mr. Smith read a note on Quadrina diazoma placed by Mr. Grote in the He-
mileucina but which he finds belongs to the Cossidae. He gave a detailed des-
cription of the venation and discussed its affinities at some length.

Mr. Schwarz read a short note on asmall swarm of Cicadas observed by him
at Fortress Monroe, Va., on June 17, 1886. No specimens or pupa shells could be
procured and it was impossible, therefore, to decide whether or not these Cica-
das belonged to the periodical species.

Mr. Johnson spoke on a Cecidomyidous gall-maker on twigs of Bumelia
lanuginosa as observed by him in the vicinity of Shreveport, La. The young trees
suffer severely from the attacks of this insect.

Mr. Howard spoke on the food-habits of the common House Wren during
the breeding season. He observed the rearing of two successive broods of young,
the old birds feeding the young exclusively on insects. The principal food ccn-
sisting of caterpillars, Macrodactylus subspinosus and another small black
beetle, apparently a Carabid.

Mr. Schwarz remarked on the habits of two species of Tabanus, 7. mexicanus
and 7. psammophilus, the former flying only shortly after sunrise and shortly
before sunset. The second being a strictly maritime species and probably never
attacking warm-blooded animals,

VOL, I.

On two interesting new genera of Leptidae.
By S. W. Wixuiston.

Three summers ago, while collecting in the White Mountains, |
found in the shady woods a specimen which I at the time took to be a
Tripiotricha. Upon a more careful examination, however, I was surpris-
ed to find only four posterior cells in the wing, and the last posterior
vein arising from the discal cell, a variation from the most essential char-
acteristics of the family Leptide, a note of which, so remarkable did the
anomaly appear to me, I sent to the Stettiner entomologische Zeitung,
Afterwards, Baron Osten Sacken, during his visit to the United States the
past year, in looking over my collection was struck with the relationship
of the specimen with Stgia elonga/a Say, and, although upon examina-
tion the species was found to be evidently a different one, there could be
no doubt of the congenerousness of the two. Stgva elongata has been
an enigmatical species of doutful affinities since its description sixty years
ago by Say, who placed it under the Bombylide. Afterwards, Wiede-
mann, who presumably examined Say’s type, described it as Anthrax e-
longata, and yet again in the same work, as Lomatia elongata, with the
remark that the “Art gehért ohne Zweifel zu einer ganz andern Gattung”,
basing his opinion upon the differences in the proboscis, antennz, and
neuration. Baron Osten Sacken in his catalogue retained it among the
Bombylidee as Lomatia elongata with the additional observation (note
155, p. 237): ‘‘Stygia elongata Say, Lomatia elongata Wied., is not a
Lomatia, as Wiedemann himself observes, but it is difficult to say what
itis. It has the antennz of a Leptid, butnevertheless only four posterior
cells. I saw the typical specimen in Vienna and it seemed to agree with

==) —

Wiedemann’s figure. It is singular that another specimen of this species
has never turned up in the United States; it would have allowed a more
thorough investigation than the fragile type in Vienna, which one is
afraid to handle.”

My attention thus called to the subject, I have looked especially for
the species, during the few opportunities that I have had for collecting,
and a few days ago I was fortunate in finding it near Stamford, Connec-
ticut. During the hour that I was collecting I observed six individuals,
but only succeeded in capturing three of them, all males. I found them
running about rather nimbly on the upper leaves of underbush ina
small patch of partially shaded woods, in company with such species as
Melanostoma platychirus, XNanthogramma flavipes, Sargus decorus, Ptec-
ticus Sackeni, etc The specimens all agree closely, and there can now
be no doubt but that we have, in this case at least, a true Leptid with the
normal number of but four posterior cells. As the species must require
a new generic name I propose to call it AGNOTOMYIA, in allusion to
the long period during which it has been unknown. My specimens dif-
fer but little from the descriptions given by Say and Wiedemann, but
that the species may be more readily recognized I again describe it as
follows:

Agnotemyia elongata.
Stygia elongata Say, Jour. Acad. Phil., III, 41, 1; Compl. Wr., II, 58.
Anthrax elongata Wiedemann, Auss. zweifl. Ins. I, 315.

Lomatia elongata Wiedemann, Auss. zweifl. Ins., 1, 561; tab. II, fig. 6.
Habitat. =Pennsylvania (Say), Connecticut!

dg. Length7to8mm. Eyes in life green. First two joints of antenne light
yellow, the second large, not elongate, third small, globular, and with the arista or
slender style, black. Dorsum of thorax shining black, sparsely white pubescent; the
humeri light colored and silvery pollinose, the dorsopleural suture obscurely luteous;
pleurs on lower part elongated, yellowish, covered with silvery pollen; metanotum in
part lutescent. Abdomen shining black, the posterior angles of the first three seg-
ments rather broadly yeilow, contunued across on the posterior margin of the segments,
rather narrowly in the middle; fourth segment with the hind angles narrowly yel-—
low. Wings distinctly pubescent and with a distinct blackish tinge; toward the base
and in marginal and submarginal cells yellowish, Coxz yellowish white, the legs
more yellow; the tip of hind femora, and the hind tibize, blackish; tarsi black, the
middle metatarsi yellowish, the hind metatarsi, except their tip, and the basal half of
the second joint, whitish.

Say describes the wings as hyaline, and does not mention the dark
color of the hind legs, and speaks of the abdomen as being depressed.
Wiedemann also does not mention the black of the hind legs, but his de-
scription otherwise does not leave any doubt but that the species is the
same. Neither author gives the sex, but Wiedemann’s figure shows that
the specimen was amale. The figure represents the species very well,

107 —
except that the antennze are shorter, the second joint more dilated, as
Say describes it, and the abdomen less dilated distally. The abdomen
in my specimens in drying became compressed, and it is possible that
the same condition existed in the type, and was too widely restored in
drawing.

The genus approches Z7rip/oiricha, rather closely, but the size, slen-
derness, and the presence of but one spur on the front tibiz are all dif-
ferent. The presence of but four posterior cells is undoubtedly a nor-
mal character, and I doubt that it is at all variable; yet this hitherto im-
portant family character will not serve for aught else than fora distin-
guishment in the present case; the genus finds its proper location with
Triptotricha in the sub-family Psammorycterine*. Z7p/otricha, as Loew
years ago pointed out, frequently varies in having the third posterior
vein abbreviated, and in the examination of a considerable series of
I. fasciventris Loew, I have observed the last posterior vein rarely aris-
ing from near the base of the discal cell. It is thus possible, that, as an
anomaly, a neuration similar to, if not identical with, that of the present
species may exist in species of Zrip/ofricha, For this reason I am un-
willing to describe the first-mentioned species from the White Mountains
until additional specimens shall have assured me that its neuration is a
normal feature. In both of these species, however, the single spur
on the front tibia will serve, I believe as a generic distinction
should such a case possibly occur in Zr¢p/otricha where the third poster-
ior vein is wholly obliterated and the last vein does not spring from the
second basal cell. In the three species of Zrzp/otricha known to me, all
the tibiz have two spurs. The formule for the tibial spurs in this fam-
ily, so far I have observed them, may be expressed as follows:

Agnotomyta, 1, 2, 2. Atherix, 0, 2, 2.
Triplotricha, 2, 2, 2. Symphoromyia, 0, 2, 1.
CDH, (O12, 2. Arthroceras, 0, 2, 1.

Chrysopila, 0, 2, 1.
Arthroceras 7. 4.

In size, shape and general appearance much resembling certain species of Chryso-
pila, e. g. C. quadrata. Head in front view much like that of this species, but
the front somewhat narrower and the lower part of the face does not form
a hemispherical convexity as in the species of Chrysopila, but is in the female
nearly straight or gently convex in profile, transversly convex and separated
from the sides by two convergent deep grooves more like it is in species of Sym-
phoromyia. In the male the grooves are deeper, broader, and more broadly V-shaped

*Better Vermilionina, as, according to the usage of good Zoologists, the genus
Psammorycter Blanch. should not replace Vermilio Macq. because the latter was
raised from specific to generic use. ‘There is quite as much propriety in changing
Musca vermilio Deg. into Vermilio Degeerias many of the numerousarbitrary changes
that have been made in the generic names of diptera. Nor indeed would there be
more impropriety in calling the species Vermilio vermilio Deg. than to call a man Mr.
Thomas Thomas.

—— =

the middle portion smaller, more receding, and concave from the apex of the V above.
The eyes in the male are broadly contiguous; the palpi are porrect, and somewhat
spatulate, at least in the female. Antenne asin Chrysopila, except that the third
joint is not at all dilated, and the arista is replaced, by a thickened, elongate, distinctly
jointed style, a little broader toward the base, where it tapers from the joint. I
count seven joints in the style, the last of which is elongated. Legs as in Chrysopila;
the hind tibize with one, the middle tibize with two, rather weak spurs, the front tibiae
with none. Wings large, the second vein sinuous as in species of Leplis, the anterior
branch of the third vein not sinuous, and without stump; the second posterior cell
narrow or petiolate at base, the anal cell open.

This genus is the one referred toin my Classification (Zz/om. America-
na, 1, p. 115) in the tabular synopsis as ‘‘Nov. Gen.” O. S. and con-
tains, beside the following new species, Arthropeas kptis O. S. The gen-
eric difference from Ar/hrépeas in the spur of the front tibize was pointed
out by Baron Osten Sacken four years ago, and, as he has not yet proposed
a name for the genus, 1 venture to do so in order to describe the following
interesting species. No one who will compare the present with other
species of Leptidz will for a moment doubt the family relationship. It
must unquestionably be placed under the Leptidz, and not with the
Coenomyidz or Xylophagide. ‘The addition, however, of the two gen-
era herein described, with G/uéops Burgess, furnishes most important ¢x-
ceptions to the distinctive characters of the family, and will make the
limits very hard to define.

Arthroceras pollinosum, n. sp.

Habitat. —Washington, Colorado!

O. Length, 5.5 to7 mm. Face and front thickly light ochraceous pollinose.
Antenne black, the third joint at base, and the tip of second, reddish or yellowish.
Palpi reddish yellow, the tip black. Thorax in ground color black, but the dorsum
and the scutellum concealed beneath dense, nearly uniform ochraceous yellow pollen,
and the pleurze beneath gray pollen, ochraceous above. Abdomen wholly and eyen-
ly covered beneath with light grayish yellowish pollen, in the ground color black, at
the hind margins of the segments, more broadly behind, apparently yellowish or red-
dish. Legs yellow or lutescent yeilow, the last four joints on all the tarsi brownish.
Wings distinctly tinged with brownish yellow, the costal cell and outer part of margin-
al cell of a more saturate color; veins Iuteous yellowish, more fuscous toward the
outer part of the wing.

co. Face more grayish pollinose. Palpi black, and bushy pilose. Abdomen in
ground color wholly black, the hypopygium at tip, only yellowish. Femora, except
the tip, black, the tarsi, except the base, darker; the light colored pile of the legs lon-
ger and more abundant.

—109—

Descriptions of some New Trap-Door Spiders; Their

Notes and Food habits.
By Gro. F. ATKINSON.

A few months after sending the manuscript of the article, ‘‘A new
trap-door' spider”, to the publishers, I found a specimen which differed
so markedly in color from the one, the subject of that article, and agreed
so closely with the one described by Hentz as Mygale carolinensis,? now
Pachylomerus carinensis,’ Hentz, that before having an opportunity to
study them carefully I concluded the only difference was in color, Just
after the article, ‘‘A family of young trap-door spiders”,* was in type I
discovered that the two forms were different species; that the one called
in the Amer, Nat. ‘‘A new trap-door spider”, and the young spiders
whose work is described in the Ento. Am. were both new species: the
former I have called Pachlomerus caribivcrus, and the latter Pachylome-
TUS 4. Spinosus.

The nests of P. carid.vorus, and P. 4-spinosus, have already been de-
scribed in the arcticles referred to. One thing however, in regard to P.
cartbwworus is worth adding. The last trap-door made by this species as
described in the Am. Nat, p. 590, was in sharp contrast, being made al-
most entirely of clay, with the surrounding moss. Ina few days the
spider made an examination ofits work and found it had made a mis-
take in not placing moss in the door. It remedied this as well as pos-
sible by cementing moss to the edge of the door and pressing the ends
down so that about half of the door was covered with moss!

Nest of Pachylomerus turris. March, 5, 786, on turning over an
old log, a sudden movement of an object downward attracted my atten-
tion, I looked and discovered a silken tube, with particles of earth and
leaf mould attached extending above ground. On one side the silk was
so extremely thin as to afford a “window” to the spider’s house! It was
through this that I had discovered the movement which attracted my at-
tention. Nearly the entire remaining portion of the tube was covered
with earth and lea-mould, and here the silk was thinner than in other
portions, yet intact. It seems almost incredible, yet from the wonderful
intelligence manifested by these spiders, I was led to think this “window”
had been purposely made: that the spider would sit by it and watch for
beetles crawling about under the log, and seeing one would rush out

1 American Naturalist, Vol. XX, p. 583, July 1886.
? The Spiders of the United States, by Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, M. D., Boston
Journal, IV, p. 56. pl. VII, fig. 3.
% Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelariae, Ausserer, p. 147.
4 Entomologica Americana, August 1886.

through the door, seize its prey and return to its tower! It seems more
reasonable when we consider that Aidiva/vata marxti (see food habits of
this species,) will nightly open its doors, remain out of sight, watch for
passing insects, and rush out and seize them. The tube was about
8cm. in length, and there was only a very shallow excavation in the clay
soil. The door is of the ‘wafer type”, and was fastened down by silk,
probably in the fall when the spider prepared for hibernating."

In the evening I placed the spider in a bottle of earth. During the
night it burrowed into the soil and made a rude door, which appeared
more like a flap hung from one side of the mouth of the tube. On the
evening of Mar. 7, I removed a portion of the soil and placed in a por-
tion of clay intermixed with loam, scattering over this a few bits of moss.
I did not see the spider make the burrow, but next day saw it make two-
thirds of a door, when I put an end to operations on that nest. The
door was made practically in the same manner as that by P. carilivorus.
but was a wafer door,

From the appearance of the tube and the soil about it in both of the
nests made in captivity, I felt sure this spider did not dig the hole in
the zormal way. Accordingly, Mar, 8, I prepared a jar of wet clay.
Up to 11, p. m. the spider had not begun work, but in the morning the
work had not progressed too far for me to observe it. The spider begins
the burrow in a manner similar to that practiced by Ndivalvata Marxi
by pressing the earth aside from a central point with its anterior legs,
using also its mandibles, but it is much slower in its movements than

1 Mr. Moggridge says in Harvest Ants and Trap-door Spiders, Supplement,
p. 236. ‘I have on very few occasions, found the doors of a wafer or cork nest spun
up during the winter at Mentone, and on digging have discovered the spider alive,
though partially torpid, inside; but this I think is quite an exceptional event. 1
should like to know, however, whether this becomes the rule in the case of the nesis
of those trap-door spiders which inhabit climates less favored than that of Mentone.”
He also speaks of a Lycosa that is said to close her nest in Canes in winter, Latreille,
in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, (an VII, de la Repubique) p. 124, Says, ‘‘L’araignée
tarentule ferme aussi son habitation, mais cet opercule n’est pas mobile, et n’est con-
struit que pour l’hiver.’’? I have on several occasions found that P. caribivorous,
after eating one or two beeiles, fastens down the lid with silk. Nidivalvata maraii, |
have found fastens the doors at times (See Amer. Nat. Vol. XX, p. 592.)

O, P. Cambridge, in Annals of Nat. Hist. 1878, 5th series, Vol. I, p, 107, says
that in all cases that came under his notice the upper extremity of the nest of Atypus
piceus was without any perceptible orifice. He finally came to the conclusion that
the spider gnawed its way out and then closed it with fresh threads again. These ex-
amples seem to indicate that spiders will very frequently at least fasten the doors to
their nests during a period of rest, when inactive and more liable to be injured, when
having had sufficient food, and perhaps sometimes at regular periods when not en—
gaged in watching for food. It seems reasonable to suppose that in climates where
the spiders are in a torpid state they would fasten their doors during this period.

eee SS

——s

ees

—lI!I—=

N. marxu. Pachylomerus turris is the spider represented in fig 15 & 16
of the Ento. Am. for Aug. excavating in a “novel way’. In making the
trap door, sometimes when Jn this position it would cement the particle
to the door by pressing on top of the door with its posterior legs, against
the ventral surface of the cephalothorax. When the hole was about 3cm.
deep it would occasionally take earth out in the normal way.

It will be seen that the habit of this spider is not wholly nocturnal in
building its nest. During the month of July while I was at Ithaca,
N. Y. I hada specimen of P. caribivorus make a nest for Prof. Com-
stock, This was made entirely during the day. By reference to the
young trap-door spiders’ it will be seen that P. 4-sprnosus works just
about as well in day as at night.

Nest of Nidwalvata marx. The first one of this species which J
found was taken Jan. 2, 1886, and which I have formerly mentioned as
making in captivity a ‘folding door.” In tearing up some moss I ob-
served a tube in the bottom of which was the spider. Whatever there
was at the upper end of the tube was destroyed in removing the moss, so
that I have not had an opportunity to observe the door to the nest where
the spider makes its nest in a patch of moss. I have found several nests
of this species by gathering moss. In all there were what appeared to
te branches just above the surface of the ground at the base of the moss.
These I regard as avenues in which the spider would search, or lie jn
wait, for ants,

In captivity this spider made a very interesting nest with folding
doors (See figs, 17 and 18 Plate V) and I believe it is with some such ar-
rangement that it closes its tube in a state of nature, for the spider makes
use of it in catching its prey, as will be described in the food-habits of
this species. This kind of a door, I believe, has never before been seen
or described, and adds one to the different types of nests which Mr.
Moggridge has described and named.* The right name for this type
should be -‘double door’, but as Mr. Moggridge has used that name for
a nest which has two doors, one at the upper end of the tube and another
some distance below at the opening of a branch in the main tube, it can-
not be applied to this one. So I have called this new type the JSolding
door nest, {rom the manner in which the door opens and shuts.

This species begins the excavation of its tube by parting the earth
from a central point with its anterior legs and palpi turning around at '
the same time so as to push the earth on all sides. It works with ex-

1 Entomologica Americana, August 1886.
? American Naturalist, Vol. XX, p. 592.
* Harvesting Ants and Trap door Spiders; and Supplement.

— ea

ceeding rapidity, and in this respect is in strong contrast with the mem-
bers of the genus Pachylomerus, though the young ones of that genus
work more rapidly than the older ones. When beginning the nest in a
patch of moss the spider will dive down into the moss and begin turn-
ing rapidly in all directions, at the same time spinning threads to fasten
together the pieces of moss around and over it, I have watched four
different ones make the nest, two beginning in moss which I had placed
over the eaith, and two beginning in soil. Two of these I had make a
nest several times, and thus far every one has first entirely closed the en-
trance to the tube by building a sort of dome above it. Later, in one
case a week, cutiing through this and making the folding door.’ Usual-
ly while at work near the surface of the earth it will burrow out in differ-
ent directions and elevate the surface of the earth. This I think is part-
ly for the purpose of providing a place to put the earth which it excavates
from the lower portion of the tube. as I have seen these filled up; and
in one specimen, after the tube was about 2 cm. deep I observed the
same habit of digging and cementing to the edge of the tube, as observed
in the case of Pachylomerus caribivorus and 4-spinosus. This individual
made the dome by carrying up three sides regularly until it had com-
pletely covered the entrance. Usually mn making the dome earth is
placed on and about the edge of the tube, occasionally applying viscid
liquid and spinning threads over it. Then the spider would, with its an-
terior legs and palpi pull the edge over the tube, This operation would
be repeated until the dome was complete.” When moss is convenient the
door is made almost entirely of moss and silk; each door is a surface of
a half circle, is hung by a semicircular hinge, and the two meet, when

1Nore.—In the Encyclopedia Brittannica, gth edition, 1875, Vol. II, p. 2or.
O. P. Cambridge says: ‘“The present writer was once told by a gentleman wh» had
formerly resided in the West Indies that trap-door spiders invariably made the tube
and lid of one continuous, solid, homogeneous piece, and then cut out the lil with the
falcers. This account, especially as coming from anon Naturalist seems improbable, a
spiders falcers being in no way fitted apparently for such an operation.’’ Where the
silk linining was thin, it would be a very easy matter for a spider to cut through, and
then repair the roughness by cementing on particles. Itis probably an exaggeration to
say that they “‘invariably’’construct themin that manner, but I should not be surprised
if some species made the trap.door in, the manner described by this non ‘‘naturalist.”’

2 T have never seen this spider press the lid on the ends of its mandibles as does
P. caribivorus. Ithink this shows the adaptation of the special armature of the man-
dbile of P. caribvorus, and related forms, for fastening the earth to the lid. P. ear--
ibivorus usually makes no thread in applying the viscid liquid to the door while ad-
ding particles, but puts it on asa cement. The large point of the mandibles, which is
covered with short strong spines serves admirably to punch the earth irregularly into
the portion of the door already made, and causing it to adhere firmly.

=

SS

closed, in a straight line over the middle of the hole, as shown in fig. 18,
Plate V. Every night (I observed one in my room for three months)
the spider would throw open its doors as shown in fig 17, Plate V and
in the morning close them. If I opened the door during the daytime
the spider would invariably come up and closeit, but never immediately,
and never did it offer to catch the door and resist its opening. When
members of this genus build their nest under stones, as they sometimes
do, if the stone is elevated from the earth in one place the spider builds
the tube above ground to the under surface of the stone, and here makes
some sort of door, I have never been able to see just what, but probably
very much like the ones made in captivity. A longitudinal section of

one of these nests which I found under a stone is shown in fig. 11, Plate,

IV, the surface of the ground ata and the mouth ofthetube at 4. On
turning over the stone I saw what I thought was the cocoon of a moth,
from which the insect had escaped at the upper end. I picked it up,
and discovered the tube which I found about 12 inches deep, with the
spider’ at the bottom. This nest, perhaps inappropriately, I have called
the hall door nest, because of the enlargement just within the entrance.
This I consider would be of advantage to the spider in managing the
door while catching an ant. The portion above ground was made of
loam and leaf mould cemented with viscid liquid and lined on the inside
with silk. So far as I have oberved, the members of this genus line only
that portion of the nest with silk which is liable to cave in near the up-
per portion of the tube.’
Nest of Myrmekisphila foliata,

The nest of this species is not constant in type, and shows wider va-
riation in different individuals than any of those thus far described; but
when taken in connection with the food habit of the species there does
not seem to be a very great departure from a common type.

The first individual was collected March 13, '86 by myself. In
collecting specimens of ants and their root feeding ‘‘cows” (Aphides)
which they were protecting through the winter, I found a trap-door on
turning over a stone. The tube I traced down about 14 inches, when
{ came upon and struck the spider off at one side: In doing so I broke
off a leg and palpus so that the spider died the next day. At the time |
thought the spider must have underground galleries in which it hunted
for ants similar to the galleries in the moss of the nest of Mdivalvata
marxn, But since finding the nests of other individuals I think there

1 Nidivalvata angustata.
2 I have observed the same thing with Myrmekiaphila foliata.

Entomologica Americana. 16 August 1886,

—114—

must have been a branch from the main tube with a trap door, and the
soil being so full of rocks I failed to find it.

The second individual I collected on the morning of Apr. 6, °86,
while digging into a side hill with a southern exposure for white ants
(Termes flavipes,). Discovering a tube I traced it until I found at one
side a trap door opening into a short branch. In this I founda fine
specimen of trap-door spider. The nest I concluded belonged to the
type called by Mr Moggridge, ‘‘Double door branched nest”, but dif-
fers from that in having acork door instead of a wafer door, I did not
see the door at the end of the main tube, if there was one, as the soil
was very loose and rocky, and every trace would have been destroyed
before finding the main tube.

The third individual was collected in the afternoon of the same
day, by one of the students, D. E. Woodley. The tube ran under a
stone, atrap-door was atthe upper end, but the branch and second
door was not seen: Mr. Woodley said, however, that it might have es-
caped his notice as the tube was not traced out very clearly.

The fourth individual I collected Apr. 6. On turning over a stone
I saw what is represented in fig, 16, Plate V except that the trap door was
closed, and the spider was in the tube a short distance below it. The
space above the trap door is a portion of an ants nest, @ is the entrance
from the surface of the earth; a, a, is a broad hall-way leading off into
galleries on the side, The spider had come down at 4, undoubtedly
during the night while the ants were quiet, unconscious of the purpose
of their terrible enemy, dug the hole in the center of this hall way, and
covered it with a trap-door before the ants were stirring at the break of
day. The soil wasin a good condition for tracing out the tube, which
I did very carefully and found neither branch nor second door, so that
this nest was of the type simg/e cork door, unbranched nest.

The fifth I collected on the same day and not more than 10 feet
distant. Turning over a stone | saw a_ tube which ran down one of the
perpendicular sides of the hole, in which the rock fitted, then along the
bottom to near the center of where the stone lay. Here it disappeared
taking a perpendicular direction again. I rana straw down this tube
and felt the movements of the spider. The spider would not seize the
straw, as they sometimes will, and soon I could no longer feel the move- _
ments. I then dug carefully around the tube, and at the depth of about
10 inches struck the spider, splitting open its caput. This happened
because the spider was in the branch: when I first ran the straw into the
tube he was in the main tube, and probably bein frightened ran into the
branch and caught hold of the door. This confirms what Mr, Moge-

—1is—

ridge believes to be the case with spiders making a double door branched
nest, that when an enemy succeeds in getting entrance to the main tube
the spider will run into the branch.’ This nest is represented in fig. 15,
Plate V. Though the tube is represented nearly natural size the length
is much fore-shortened, The space represented by the dotted lines a
and 6 was 10 inches for each. The spider was found atd; the cork
door can be seen at ¢.

Another specimen was found, about which, unfortunately, I have no
record nor recollection, except that it was collected sometime during the
spring. This, though I have not given it a careful examination I believe
to belong to the same species. I left it in the possession of DivaGea:
Marx, at Washington.

The specimen collected Apr. 6, I placed in a jar of earth to see
what kind of a nest it made in captivity. For several days it showed no
signs of working. Finally 1 found it buried in the earth much as Vidi
valvata marxi is, when having just completed the dome over the tube,
and from the appearance of things I think the burrow was started, and
the dome made in the same way as in the case of that species. The
next day in place ofthe dome, in which there was no moss, was a perfect
cork door with an abundance of moss in it. The spider had evidently
cleared away the dome, which was made of earth and silk, and made
the door of new material.

When I lifted up this door the spider would catch hold of it. In
afew daysI found this door fastened down and that end of the tube
filled with earth for a distance of 5 cm. The tube extended in a circui-
tous direction for 10 cm or more where it came to the surface and was
closed by another nicely fitting trap-door. I think the spider was alarm-
ed at the discovery of her nest, and attempted by this strategy to deceive
her enemy. If the jar of earth had been more capacious, anda longer
time given the spider she might have made a branch and second door.

Food habits. 1 have not yet had an opportunity of making very ex-
tensive observations on the food habits of these species, and cannot say
that each one is confined to the insect for which I am certain it has a
special fondness as an article of diet. Of the species of Pachylomerus my
observations have been confined to P. cariwivorus. I have already stated
the fondness which this species has for carabid beetles,* and though kill-
ing several ants and flies did not use them for food, During July, while
at Ithaca N. Y. I fed several carabid beetles to a P. cartbivorus which I

1 Harvesting Ants and Trap-Door Spiders.
2 Am. Nat. July 1886. Vol. 20, p. 592.

nt O—

had alive. June 20, I placed a Preroshchus lucublandus’, Say, in the
bottle containing the nest of the spider. During the night the spider
came out of the nest, caught the beetle, ate it and ejected the hard parts
from the nest. July rst, it disposed ofa Prerostichus Sayi, Brulle. June
29 it ate a beetle of the genus Ch/enius. At another time it ate three
good sized beetles of the genus Chlznius in one night.

The observation which I made on Mdivalvata marxi in captivity are
very interesting. I noticed that at night the spider would throw its doors
wide open’ as shown in fig. 17, Plate V. One evening I placed several
in the jar containing the nest. When an ant approached so near the
door as to send a communication to the spider'of its presence, the spider
sprang to the entrance, caught a door with the anterior legson either
side, and pulled them nearly together, so that there was just space e-
nough left for it to see the ant when it crossed the opening. When this
happened, the spider threw the doors wide open, caught the ant, and in
the twinkling of an eye had dropped back to the bottom of the tube with
its game. This I saw repeated several times during the months of Jan-
uary and February. Atone time I placed a large cricketin the jar. The
spider made several attempts to capture it but was not strong enough.
It would probably eat crickets when fortunate enough to catch one. I
think also that it would eat small carabid beetles, for I found several in
the moss where I collected the spider. I have found the remains of ants
in the nests.

I have made no observations on Jfjrmekiaphila folata in captivity,
but from the location of their nests it is quite evident that the members
of this species are extremely fond of ants, and seek to build their nests

1 T am indebted to Prof. J. A. Comstock for the identification of the species of
beetles.

2 The position of Nidivalvata in the subfamily Eriodontine shows its near rela—
tion to the Atypin@. I have often been struck with its likeness to the Afypina, es-
pecially in the kind of a nest it makes, and though Ihave never seen an Atypus,
nor one of its nests, I have often concluded that from the form of its nest it must be
somewhat similar to Nidivalvata in architectural habit, and that the presence of a
door, or covering for the entrance to its nest instead of being wanting, has been over-
looked; that in the cases where the nest was open, accident had removed the door. What
O. P. Cambridge says in Annals of Nat. Hist. 4th series, 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 240-241,
seems to me to indicate that Atypus is very similar in habit tothis genus. Not only in
the form of the nest, but in its food habit. He says that on one occasion a nest which
apparently had no orifice was buried in a box of earth; subsequently the tube was ob-—
served with a wide open mouth, and again was closed the following morning. The
spider probably opens the doors at night to watch for food, and closes them in the
morning as does N. marwii.

—117—

either directly in an ants nest or in close proximity to it. I think in
‘some cases it is intended that the main tube shall be used as a passage
for ants, so that by coming out of the branch the spider can capture its
food, for it is certain in these which I have observed that the external
door is either wanting or old and ina neglected condition, while the
door at the branch is kept well repaired. If I am correct in this conclu-
sion it would account for the apparent variation noticed in the kind of
nest built by this species. : In the nest represented in fig. 16, Plate V,
the entrance 4, and the landing a, a, of the ants nest answers for the
main tube of the spider, and only the one tube and trap-door is required
for the use of the spider.*

1 NoTE.—There evidently is quite a variation, even with the same species, in
the kind of a nest which trap-door spiders make, As these prove to be very intelli-
gent creatures, I believe they vary in the construction of the nest as the conditions of
their environment varies, and that they adopt that plan which provides for them the
safest abode, and at the same time will serve them the best asa trap. At the same
time we must not lose sight of a common type, which, with some useful variations,
each species follows; though species of different genera may make the same kind of
a nest, and be identical in food habit, species of the same genus may vary with re—
gard to the common type; so that the use of nests, and food habits, becomes of less
value than has been heretofore supposed by some for purposes of classification.

Mr. Moggridge says, ‘‘H. A. andT. D. Spiders’’ Supplement, pp. 236, and 237;

‘the ranze and distribution of a species largely depend upon the nature of its food,
and this will also be an indication of the rivals etc. —‘‘and in many cases even the
structure and position ofits dwelling place will be governed by this same all—import-
ant question of food supply.’’

Rev. O. P. Cambridge, at that time came to this conclusion, ‘‘and in the present
case it is very important, as well as interesting, te conclude with some certainty that
differences of type in the tubular nests of the spiders Mr. Moggridge has observed so
closely and accurately, are joined to well marked specific differences etc, ‘‘Harvest—
ing Ants and ‘Trap-Door Spiders, Supplement. p. 301’’. Later, Cambridge doubts
such close union of specific character and architectural habit, for he finds nests of Aty-
pus piceus varying greatly in construction. (Annals of Nat. Hist. 1878, 5th series,
Vol. I, p. 107.) From nests madein captivity, I know that Pachylomerus turris
and WNidivalvata angustata make different nests according as the environments

change.
(To be continued. )

ee
A monograph of the species of the subfamilies Eucnemine, Cerophyti-
nz and Perothopinae inhabiting the United States. By George H. Horn, M.D.
Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xiii p. 58. February 1886,

The species in these groups are mostly rare, and are very generally
wrongly named in collections. The present paper is therefore very time-
ly since it not only calls attention to the insects, but enables students to
straighten out their material. It would be interesting to discover some-
thing of the habits of these species. Most of them are accidental finds and
no one knows exactly where to look for them with any certainty of success.

SiC

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S
(Continued from p. 103.)
SCHIZAX Lec,
A single species is contained in this genus;
S. senex Lec. S. M. C. No. 264, 1873, p. 196.
Length .52-.68 in.=13-17 mm. Hab. Arizona,

Opaque black, clothed with cinereous pubescence, the sutural lat-
eral and apical margin of elytra fulvo pubescent. Prothorax strongly,
elytra slightly punctured.

TYLOSIS Lec.

Contains two species: black, beneath with sparse white pubescence,
thorax and elytra red with or without black spots, which-are very varia—
ble. They are separated as follows:

Elytra red with black spots; thorax red with several black spots, (Plate I, fig.

Se oct yape ve arses tata ne hee cscs SMe es cb in ce aeledey era teen ee maculata.
Elytra red Grout spots, thorax red with black ae at middle of each side..
oculata.

T. maculata Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2. II, p. 9; Col. of Kansas, 1859, p. 20, t. 2,
fig. 15; puncticollis Klug. Dej. Cat. 3 ed. p. 348; sellata Lec. l.c. IV, 1858, p. 25.
Length .36-.68 in.=9-17 mm. Hab. Tex., Ariz. and New Mexico,

T. oculata Lec. l.c. II, p.9. Length .45 in.=11 mm. Hab. Mexican Bdy.

CROSSIDIUS, Lec.

A. Prothorax subquadrate.

Black, clothed with long gray hair; elytra very densely punctured, punctures very
coarse at the base, becoming finer behind; front tibia: with a dense brush of
hainon therinner Side); sve neces «<< sr-s ve ae ns Ro 5.02 ater.

B. Prothorax rounded and subtuberculate on the sides,

Elytra very coarsely punctured towards the base, punctures smaller behind.

Head, antennz and legs black; under surface and pronotum black or ruious;
elytra rufo-testaceous with basal margin and sutural blotch black, the latter
usiially narrow or wanting in ¢', broader in Q.............. punctatus.

Testaceous, antennz fuscous, legs ferruginous; elytra with two costae more dis-
LiNnGtathan in the, Otber:SPEClESMmer ji. /- <1) hae rere repeleiener anes testaceus.

Testaceous, antennce fuscous, legs ferruginous; elytra without costze, suture black,
IDproadertiny © kis svt oxvarw iether Aeenemebevers o> =: slelors @lengate eyateueer cece intermedius.

Smaller, legs, antennee and head black; under surface yellow, trunk frequently,
abdomen rarely blackish; pronotum more or less black; elytra yellow with
humeral spot and sutural blotch more or less dilated, black. .. pulchellus.

Elytra less coarsely punctured, punctures smaller towards the tip.

Black, abdomen usually ferruginous; elytra rufo-testaceous, with basal margin
and usually the whole of the suture black, the blotch never very much dil-
ated; front tibiae with a dense brush of hair on inner side........ hirtipes.

C. Prothorax rounded on the sides, not angulated.

Elytra densely and finely punctured.

—i19—

Piceous without lustre, very densely clothed with dirty yellow hair; sides of ely-
tra broadly testaceous, blending imperceptibly mto dark color; beneath tes-
taceous and very hairy; antennz and legs black............ Allgewahri.

Elytra more coarsely punctured.
Dull testaceous, densely pubescent; punctures of elytra dense, fi1.er behind;
thorax with two dorsal callosities; markings of elytra varying from a short

humeral vitta to a complete piceous vitta and dilated sutural stripe.........
humeralis.

Bright red, antennz, postpectus and head black; elytra coarsely punctured,
punctures denser and somewhat smaller behind, basal band and sutural.
blotch black, the latter very broad in both sexes.... ........ discoideus.

C. ater Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 356. Length .40-.52 in.=10-13 mm.
Hab. Utah, Cal.

C. punctatus Lec. S. M. C. No. 264, 1873, p. 197. Length .52-.68 in.=13--
17mm. Hab. Or. Cal.

C. testaceus Lec. J A. Phil. ser. 2, II, 1852, p. 102. Length .48 in.=12mm
Hab, Cal. Col.

C. intermedius Ulke Wheel. Rept. Geogr Expl. V, p. $13, t. XII, f. 1. Length
.60 in.=15 mm. Hab. Arizona, New Mexico.

C. pulchellus Lec. Proc. Ac, Phil. 1861, p. 356. Length .go-.52 in.=10-13
mm. Hab. Cal., Col., New Mexico, Utah.

C. hirtipes Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1854, p. 18; Ent. Rept. 1857, p. 61. Length
-49-.48 in.=10-12 mm. Hab. Cal., Oregon, W. T., Utah.

C, Allgewahri Lec. Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, IV, 2, p. 461. North Amer. Ent.
I, p. 1, pl. I, fig. 1. Length .40o-.53 in.=10-13.3 mm. Hab. Idaho.

C. humeralis Lec. J. A. Phil. IV, 1, 1858, p. 25. Length .40-.48 in.=10-12
mm. Hab. New Mexico, Texas.

C. discoideus Say, J. A. P. II], p. 411; pulehrior Bland. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Phil. I, p. 472. Length .36-.48 in.=9-12 mm. Hab. Idaho, Col., Ariz., Mont.,
Neb., New Mexico.

All the species of Crosszdius seem subject to variation in color and
marking, a careful discussion of which beyond what is included in our
synopsis will be found in S. M. C. No, 264, p. 197 and in Dr. Horn’s
recent paper on the genus in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, p. 177.

SPHAENOTHECUS, Dup.

Contains one species.

S. suturalis Lec. J. A. P. IV, 1, 1858, p. 25- Length .40-48 in.==10-12 mm.
Hab. Texas and New Mexico, Ariz., Cal.

Easily distinguished by the white pubescence, which, very sparsely
scattered over, the elytra is arranged in a dense and very conspicuous
narrow line at the suture. The prothorax is deeply, but sparsely punct-
ured and rounded on the sides, and the scutellum moderate and also
clothed with white pubescence. Color reddish brown or black. Anten-
ne Q longer, (\ nearly twice as long as body.

ae) —

PERARTHRUS, Lec.

Contains one species.

P. vittatus J. A. P. ser. 2, II, p. to2. Length .55 in.=14 mm. Hab. Cal.

“Black, deeply punctured, clothed with erect gray hairs; thorax
strongly transverse, narrowed at apex, convex, bi-sinuate at base, round-
ed at the sides. with a small shining callosity at the middle and a_ basal
spot each side golden pubescent; elytra black with two smooth elevated
yellow lines; legs red, tarsi black. The scutellum is covered with dense
yellow hair; the exterior vitta of elytra abbreviated at each end and the
anterior portion of epipleurae yellow.”

(To be continued. )

New Species of Geometridae, No. 2.
By Gro. D, Hutst.

1. Tetracis jubararia, sp. nov.

Expands 42mm. _ ‘The size and much the shape of JT. aurantiacaria Pack. The
head and thorax are ochreous, palpi dark ochreous, dark brown at tip. Antennz
and abdomen light ochreous. ‘The wings are orange ochreous, quite uniform. The
t. a, line is rounded, angulate at the middle, the t. p. line oblique, sinuate; both dark
brown and heavier than usual. There is also a basal cross line of the same color,
starting at costa and running straight across reaching inner margin at t. a. line.
Fringe reddish brown. The wings are much marked with brownish striations on the
outer third. Hind wings lighter ochreous, darkest without. Outer line on the in-
ner half of the wing. All discal spots present and prominent above and below. Be-
neath hind wings ochreous, loosely but definitely striated with brown, fore wings
light ochreous, and without striations along inner margin. T. p. line very dark and
heavy on the anterior half only of all wings.

1 Q, Wash. T. Coll. Holland. Between 7. aurantiacaria Pack.

and 7. melhtularia Hust.

2. Leucula lacteolaria sp. nov.

Expands 36 mm. Head light ochreous. Body and wings thinly scaled pure
silky milk white. On the fore wings are two jet black, very fine, slightly wavy lines,
running parallel with each other, and the outer margin, The apex is very rounded,
outer edge very retreating, the wing itself very narrow, so the lines are very oblique.
There is an indicated basal line present. Fringes black along margin between veins.
Beneath as above with lines fainter but distinct. Legs light ochreous or white, black
in front.

1 Q, Ariz. Coll, Hulst.

Differs from Guenee’s species in that the veins are not marked with
gray. The wings are much narrower. The lines are waved black much
finer and more oblique, and the legs differ in color.

3. Heterolocha ephelidaria sp. nov.

This insect is of the same size and shape as ZH, edwardsaria Pack.

of which it may be a variety. It is cream white in color, generally with-

a 2: ire

out any striations and these always few and faint. It has no outer or in-
ner darkening of color. It ordinarily has no indications of the t. p. line,
though this when evident runs as in 4. edwardsaria. I have seen spe-
cimens of H. edwardsar.a where the marginal band was very faint but
the color of the wings always remained yellow.

I Cd 1. Q, Nev. Coll. Hulst.

4. Drepanodes syzygiaria sp. nov.
Expands 27 mm. Wings of a nearly uniform warm yellowish fawn. T, a. line

wanting; t. p. line silky white, unmargined, very fine, reflected to costa at a right
angle. Wings beyond t. p. line violet shaded. Beneath as above with indication of a
marginal darker band. Discal spots black, small above on all wings, below on hind
wings. Fore wings broad, hardly falcate almost rectangular. Costa strongly arched;
antennee strongly pectinated, very long.

2 o', Fla. Coll. Neumcegen, Hulst, Near D. olyzonaria and D.
perizomaria but may be known especially by the much lengthened anten-
nz and nearly rectangular fore wings.

5. Geometra illustraria sp. nov.

Expands 38 to44 mm. The form found in Cal. and _ referred to
by Dr. Packard, (Geom. Moths p. 394), but not by him thought worthy
aname. It seems to me however to be different from the eastern spe-
cies. It is uniformly of much greater size; it is in color uniformly of a
very different shade of green; the cross lines are narrower, not edged
with yellowish or purplish, are much straighter; there is not the same
tendency to a whitening of the veins on the submarginal space: there is
none of the bluish cast upon the submarginal space. Till further know]-
edge is had, I think it must be considered a valid species.

Cal, Coll. Hy. Edwards, Hulst.

6. Anaplodes festaria sp. nov.

Expands 30 mm. Differs from A. pistacearia Pack. in being of a lighter more
vivid silky green; by having two cross lines on all wings; by having the fringe pink,
and a narrow margin of bright red on wings; by having the wings more extended
and pointed. ‘The green of the wings is much striated with white in long very fine
silky lines, Cross lines fine, white, the inner rounded near base, the outer parallel
with the outer margin.

Io, 5 9 Cal. Ariz. Coll. Hy. Edwards, Neumcegen, Hulst.

7. Aplodes zygotaria sp. nov.

Expands 28 mm. Head ochreous in front, white on vertex, Antenne white.
Wings, body, aud anterior portion of abdomen deep pea green. Costa narrowly
white. Fringes green. Lines white very like A. mimosaria two on each wing. Be
neath all wings lighter green. Fore tibize green; otherwise legs white.

1 o', 6 9, Texas. Coll. Graef, Hulst.

8. Racheospila xysteraria sp. nov.

Expands Igmm. Head and palpi red; antennz and between antenne white.
Thorax light green; abdomen pink dorsally, white laterally and beneath. Tufts
on abdomen white edged with red. Wings light green, two faint rather broad white
lines on fore wings. Fore wings red at base of costa. Costa towards apex, and out-

jus re 7 ay
Entomologica Americana. 17 August 1886.

———, 1, ea

er edge of all wings edged wih red; hind wings red also on anal margin, At the
middle of fore wings at margin, and at outer angle is a large red spot, also at middle
of hind wings at margin, The red margin of hind wings broadens at anterior and
anal angle. Discal spots red, annulate, white within, Fringe alternating white and
red. Beneath nearly white, the red showing at apex, discal points, and marginal
blotches.

1/©,.Fla; Coll, Hulst.

g. Nemoria tepperaria sp. nov.

Expands 18 mm. Head, body, and wings dull ochreous green very much as in
some specimens of N. suberoceata Wlk.; the antennz and head between lighter.
Palpi pink on last segment. Wings crossed outwardly by a very faint white line, de-
terminate principally on the veins, parallel to the outer margin; an inner line very faint-
ly indicated on fore wings; hind wings quadrate, undulate on outer margin, with a very
prominent angle at middle. All wings with a very narrow brown marginal line. Beneath
much lighter, unicolorous. Legs very light ochreous, except fore tibiae which are pink.

14,1 9, Ga. N, Car. Coll. Edwards, Tepper.

This insect has the general appearance of Memoria subcroceata Wik.
but is easily recognised by the undulating outer margins, and exaggera-
ted angle on hind wings, and dark brown marginal line.

10. Eucrostis hollandaria sp. nov.

Expands 27 mm, Front ochreous, antennz and vertex white, palpi very lonz
as in Racheospila, bright red. Thorax and wings deep green. Costa white, fringe
and narrow marginal line red, interrupted by green at end of veins. No cross lines
present, but in their place near ba-e of fore wings are three brownish red pots
forming a curve, and outwardly a row of points of same color, nearly
parallel with edge of wing, one on each vein. Near anal angle two are
very much enlarged (the anterior one much the larger) become confluent, and
inclose each a pure white space. On hind wings an outer bent row of same colored
points, one on each vein, with the one nearest inner margin much enlarged, annulate,
inclosing white space. D»scal points distinct, brownish. Beneath light green, fring-
es as above. ‘he annulate spots above are reproduced though less distinct; disca}
spots as above, but less distinct. Other points very faint or obsolete.

1 Q, Fla. Coll. Holland.

Eucrostis jaspidiaria, sp. nov.

Size and markings of E. hollandaria differing principally in that there are no
annulate spots on any of the wings. Colora darker green. Wings more pointed,
less rounded.

2 Q\. Fla. Coll. Hy. Edwards,. Hulst. I name this with a strong
suspicion it may prove to be the ¢ of the preceding species. But the
prominent point of difference the annulate spots is remarkable. and so
far as I know unique, and till further knowledge is obtained I must re-

gard the species as distinct.
12. Eucrostis saltusaria sp. nov.

Expands 20 to 26mm. Front bright green, palpi, tibize, and femora of fore
legs, red. Vertex and antenne white, the latter ochreous beneath. Thorax and
base of abdomen bright green. Posterior part of abdomen white. Wings rather a
dull deep green. Fore wings with a narrow white basal line, zigzag with two sharp
angles outwardly. Discal spots long, white, angular, those on hi d wings forming a

aed 2 Se

continuation of basal line on fore wings. Outer line much bent on both wings, to-
wards and below middle scalloped with points on veins and these continued on veins
to a marginal white line broader below apex and at inner angle, the latter space in—
closing a deep red somewhat broken spot, which in the ,j' is continued part way a-
long the edge as a marginal line. Hind wings as fore wings, with inclosed red spot
at anal angle, connected along edge as a marginal red line. Fringes dull white.
Beneath very pale green, lines very faintly reproduced.

2 0, 2 Q. Fla. Coll. Hy, Edwards, Neumoegen, Hulst.

This insect has very strongly the appearance of a Phoradesma, but
the tibial amature of Lwcrostis.

13. Chlorosea greefiaria sp. nov.

Expands 34 mm. Palpi white, front reddish brown, antennz white ochreous be-
low. ‘lhorax and forewings white faintly tipped with green. Abdomen and hind
wings pure white the latter along the outer margin very faintly tinged with green.
Ali fringes green. A single outer somewhat broad white line on fore wings, oblique,
nearer outer edge than in C. nevadaria and starting from costa nearer apex. Be-
neath pure white with very faint greenish tinge on fore wings along costa. Legs

white.
2 Q, Nevada, Coll. Graef, Tepper.
14. Cheimatobia bruceata sp. nov.

While describing the above Geomeirid@ I wish to call attention to
what is to me a very interesting addition to insect history. One of our
common Geometers is the so called Cheimatobia boreata Hubn. The in-
sect described under this name is common in Europe. It has been
rather remarkable that, till very lately, the Q has never been discovered
in America. Dr. Packard says in his Monograph the Q has never yet
been taken, and till last spring I heard no account ofit. At that
time I received a letter from Mr. Bruce of Brockport N. Y., saying he
had carried larve through to imagines, and that the Q was entirely dif
ferent from C. doreafa Hubn. of Europe, and that this insect, which had
been looked upon as identical with another, was a very different thing.
Mr, Bruce asked me to give ita name, which I do by giving it the spe-
cific name of érucea/a, after the veteran and successful Lepidopterist who
ascertained its history,

The Q of this species, (I have several before me), is almost entire-
ly wingless. It has just the merest. rudiments of wings. And from its
color and size, I have no doubt that it has, if taken, been looked upon
asthe 9 of one of the species of Anisopieryx. It is of a grayish black
color. Antennz and legs annulated with white. Thorax and abdomen
marked above more or less with blackish. It is rather small, the dried
specimens being 5 to 7 mm. in length,

After knowing that they are not the same, it is easy to note differ-
ences in the males of these two hitherto confused species. In C. bruceata
the cross lines are finer, more distinct, more evenly scalloped, and more
numerous in the average of specimens than in C. doreata. The wings

—124—

are more uniform in color, and show less of a tendency to a band; the
veins are more distinctly lined and the outer angle is less rounded and
retreating. The submarginal line on the fore wings is less rounded in
at the costa, and on the hind wings is much nearer the outer margin,

The Q of C. éruceata can not be Phigatia cinciaria French, Uls.
Reports Vol. VII, p. 241, described from the Q only, as the wings are
much more developed in cewcfaria, and the insect is more than twice as
large apart from differences in details.

———49>—__

Note on Quadrina diazoma, Grove.
By Joun B, Smits.

j iIn Mr..Grote’s datalogue. of 1882, Quadrina diazoma is placed
in the ‘‘Hemileucini’ and. is associated with Hemileuca, Hyperchiria and
Coloradia, which are all typical Bombycids. ‘The genus and species had
been,a great puzzle to me, and being unrepresented in N.Y. collections I
wrote Prof. Snow, for information. On a recent visit to Washington,
Prof. Snow kindly brought me the unique type which is in poor condi-
tion. I saw at a glance thatthe insect was wrongly placed in the catalogue,
and very little study decided me in placing it with the Cossidae. with
strong tendencies in appearance to Hepia/us-a tendency which the vena-
tion of the primaries emphasizes, while the secondaries are Cossid.
Primaries with 12 veins, the ist or only internal being sinuate.
The cell is very short, and the median vein gives rise to 2 near its incep-
tion; to 3 at about its middle, and to 4 and 5 close together at the tip: 6
and 7 are on a stalk from the end of the subcostal vein: 8 arises near the
tip, 9 and 10 are onastalk about one third from tip, and vein 10 runs
to the apex: v. 11 runs from the middle of the sub-costal to the costa
about one-fifth from tip. The cell is closed by an angulated vein at tip.
On the secondaries there are two internal veins. ‘The cell is shorter than
in the primaries and is closed in the same way; 2 arises from the
middle of cell, 3, 4 and 5 close together at the tips: 6 is straight from
the upper angle of cell and a direct continuation of the sub-costal:
7 arises from the sub-costal close to base and is connected near its incep-
tion by a cross vein with the costal vein, which is sinuate and has a short
spur at base. Essentially this is also the venation of Gdoveria,
There appears to be no frenelum. The tongue is obsolete and the
palpi are short. The antennz are moderately long the joints very
short, lengthily bipectinated. There appear to be no ocelli. The
legs are moderately long, the median and hind tibize each witha pair of
short terminal spurs. ‘The anterior tibize have the epiphyses reduced to
a small tubercle ina shallow depression. ‘The tarsi are strongly spined
and the clawsare simple, In color the insect is a dull, even luteous red
with traces of an outer broken black band. Altogether this is a remark-
able insect, and the genus is probably a good one, nearly related to
Gloveria but belonging to the Cosside.

TOMY UG Ic
~ AMERICANA

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, OCTOB. & NOVEMB. 1886, NO.7&8.

Notes on Scolytus unispinosus, Lec.

By Joxn B. Smita.

A few days since (July 12, ’86.) Mr, L, E.. Ricksecker of Sylvania,
Occidental P.O. Calif. sent me a section of Douglass spruce (Adres doug-
fas) infested by a Scolytid, about which he writes as follows: ‘‘The
wood is a small section from the upper limb of a Douglass spruce, which
was cut down on April gth 86. Many species of Coleoptera attacked
the tree on the same evening in a perfect swarm, Next day and there-
after but few of these were seen. Other species however made their ap-
pearance, and among these were numbers of Scolyfus unispinosus Lec.
For a week I could see them moving hurridly up and down the limbs of
the prostrate tree. Then they became less, and by May 6th only a_ few
stragglers could be found.

Noticing that something was boring in these limbs and throwing out
little piles of dust, I cut out patches of bark, and found in every case two
Scolylus occupying a straight gallery; one, presumably the male, being
at the opening, and the other at the far end. At that date, May 6th to
roth, the burrows were about an inch long—now (July 4th) the main
burrow is two to three inches long, with about 26 side galleries on each
side, diverging therefrom. The parent beetles are gone, but at the end
of each side gallery is a larva, working farther and farther away from the
main gallery. ‘They work only in the layer of bark nearest the wood
leaving a slight impression of their galleries on the wood. When full
grown they turn towards the surface and there await their transforma-
tions,”

ea

‘To this interesting account of Mr, Ricksecker a few notes based on
the specimen (now in the National Museum) and on the literature, may
be not uninteresting.

The specimen shows two complete main galle-
ries with the larval galleries—about 3o in a length
of one and three-quarter inches—at irregular in-
tervals on each side. These extend at first at right
angles, with the main gallery, but become sinuous
almost immediately, and the larve change their
direction, working upwards above, and downwards
below the middle of the main burrow. Those
larvee nearest to the centre work longer at right angles
but eventually turn either upward or downward,
and sometimes change the course of the gallery.
One gallery shows a larva that first worked at right
angles for a djstance and then started downward un-
til it came very close to another gallery—rather than
enter this it changed its course, went obliquely up-
ward for a distanceand then again turned downwards
at rightangles. Two larval galleries from the same
main gallery rarely cross each other, but sometimes two main galleries
are close together and then the larval galleries cross and re-cross in the
wildest confusion. The main galleries are sunken about as deeply into
the wood as in the bark; but the larval galleries are deeper in the bark.
At the point of entrance there is an enlargement of the gallery ofa size
sufficient to permit the beetle to turn,

There are also, in the specimen, five main galleries with either no
larval galleries at all, or just started. One of these galleries 1s interesting
for here the beetle came in, formed a small cell, and started downward
for half an inch, then changed its mind, and, turning, started upward
for about an inch. In the main galleries no eggs seem to be laid within
4 mm. of the entrance. Before the parent beetle has finished its burrow
the eggs laid nearest the entrance have hatched and the larval galleries
will be from 3—4 mm. in length at the entrance before the last eggs are

deposited.

In general appearance the galleries of wnispinosus resemble most
nearly those ofthe European Sc. m/rica‘us. But the most interesting
point in Mr. Ricksecker’s communication is the food tree. No other
species of Scoly/us whose food habits are recorded lives on Conifers. All
attack deciduous trees. So striking a departure from the general habits
of the genus is rather remarkable and furnishes another instance of the
dangers of ‘‘reasoning from analogy”. Mr. E. A. Schwarz has kindly

ee 2

furnished me with a list of food plants of the European and American
species which is as follows:

Sc. amygdai = Amygdalus.

Sc. Ratzeburgt = Betula.

Sc. carpint = Carpinus.

Sc. prunt and rugu/osus = Pyrus, Prunus, Crategus,

Sc. wntricatus: Quercus.

Sc. Geoffrovt, pygmaeus, Kirschi. multsiriatus = Ulmus.

The American species of which the food habits are known, are the
following:

Sc. guadrispinosus: Carya,

Sc. fagt: Celtis, Fagus ().

Sc. muiicus: Celtis.

Sc. rugulosus: Prunus, Pyrus. (Imported from Europe.)

Sc. unispinosus: Abies Douglassi,

Of the remaining five species Sc. califormecus is tolerably common
in collections, but the others appear to be exceedingly rare: in fact it is
questionable whether any but the typical specimens are known. ‘The
second food plant of Se. fag? (Fagus) is somewhat in doubt. Dr. , Le-
conte (Rhynch. p. 372) says: ‘‘depredates on beech trees according to
Mr. Walsh”; but on referring to Mr. Walsh's original article (Pract. Ent,
II, p. 58) we find the following statement; ‘‘I obtained many specimens
in South Illinois, from what I believe was a beech.” Thus it still. re+
mains somewhat doubtful whether the species really infests the beech, ,

Dr. Hamilton states (Can. Ent. XVII, 1885, p. 48) that Scody/us
rugulosus breeds in Hickory twigs, but Mr. Schwarz (Proc. Ent. Soc.
Washington, I, No. 1. p- 30) maintains that this Hickory Species | is
different from rugulosus and apparently undescribed.

sei} 6 =< + ie

In the Entom. Mo. Mag. Sept. 1886 p. 85, Mr. George Lewis de-
scribes a Brathinus oculafus from Japan. Hitherto this genus has! been
supposed to be exclusively American, two species being knownian our
fauna. The occurence of the species is therefore of great interest to. stu+
dents of Geographical distribution.

* *
*

In the Stettiner Ent, Zeitschrift Vol. 47, p. 215, Martin Jacoby de-
scribes Oedionychus cretica from the Island of Creéa. This is ‘also'a new
locality for this genus which is very rich in America, rare in Madagastat
and Siam-and has not been heretofore known in the European fayna, "

{

—126—

Descriptions of some New Trap-Door Spiders; Their
Nests and Food habits.

By Gero. F. ATKINSON.

(Continued from p. 117.)

DESCRIPTIONS.

Prefatory Note. It is not surprising that in a collection of some 40
specimens there would be found several species, nor that a large number of
these would prove to be new and undescribed forms, where so little atten-
tion has been given to spiders in general, and especially those of the order
Terrielarie, as has been given in America.

It has been a great pleasure to me to observe the nests and habits of
so many of these creatures, which by their solitary and secluded life gen-
erally escape our observation. It has seemed necessary, that, in connec-
tion with interesting descriptions of their nests, architectural and food
habits, these forms should be described and named. So interested have
I become during the past year in the work of N. M. Hentz, that it would
have given me more pleasure to find a specimen described by him than
to finda new form. I feel sure that I have found one of his species, and
possibly one other related species. 1 undertook the work of description
with great reluctance, and have found it to be no small task. But my
labors have been greatly lessened, and I have been sensibly encour-
aged by the kindness of Dr. Geo. Marx, of Washington, Prof. J. H.
Emerton and Samuel Henshaw of Boston, Dr. Marx loaned me works
from his private library, Prof. Emerton, placed for my study his excellent
collection of Arachnological publications, and specimens for comparison,
which are now in the Mass. Inst. Tech., and showed me further kindness
in directing me to the most useful works in the Library of the Boston
Natural History Society, Mr. Henshaw also aided me in the same way
and gave me the use of the specimens of Zerrifedarie which are in the
Museum of the Society,

I have also found works in the Boston Public Library which have
aided me.

In the value of generic and specific characters I have been guided by
those adopted by Anton Ausserer’, and the Rev. O. P. Cambridge’,
who have given considerable study to members of the Zerrdelarie.

I have followed the classification adopted by Ausserer in his Bez-
traege zur Kenniniss der Territelaria.

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelariz, Auss. 1871, and Zweiter Beitrag ete.
1876.

2 Encyclopedia Britannica, 9th, Ed. pp. 291 and 597, Harvesting Ants and
Trap Door Spiders, Moggridge, and Supplement.

I subjoin, for clearness a brief synopsis of his Classification.
Suborder Zerritelaria. ‘This was divided by Thorell into 3 families,

as follows:

PRN SACS)... 52 (cc hs. ves 's 5 a a Bao eee ... Catadisoider.
4, lung sacs.
FORMANCE SPINTIELELS crass aA. si «se enePeIel shepsts etatglofoh= ye, Liphist idie.
PeeAVVRUNVSPINNELEES) ay..cue or.tejriatscs 2). sc eee femme relietaiaier Therophosoide.

The family Zheraphosoide, Vhorell, is further divided into three
subfamilies as follows:
Maxillze well broadened at the base, palpi inserted laterally,.. Atypinz ‘Thorell.

Maxillze little broadened at base, palpi inserted laterally,.... ................
Eriodontinez Ausserer.
Maxillz not broadened at base, palpi inserted on the end,............. ......

Theraphosinz Thorell.
The Zhe phosine are then further divided into two groups, based
on the relative elevation of the caput above the thorax.
a. Caput well elevated, ...... eee oa cots Aepicephali.
EE MOL Much elevaled, .:.... ... Sanita. amen aerate Tapinocephali.
In specific descriptions I have endeavored to not repeat characters
which seem at present generic, so that in most cases it will require both
the generic and specific characters to identify a single species; for this
reason I have given the characters of the genus Puchylomerus, established
by Ausserer.
Family THERAPHOSOIDAE, Thorell.

Subfamily Eriodontinz, Auss.
I. Genus Nidivalvata, n. gen.

(nidus, nest, valvata, having folding doors.)
(EEE fies. 8; 9; 10. 13, 23-)

Ceph’x little longer than broad; greatest breadth at middle, tapering very gently
and equally to both ends; edges of posterior half slightly scalloped; small, deep, cir-
cular, depression in center from which radiate to edges of ceph’x 6 depressed lines
quite well marked. Caput well elevated, sloping to thorax gently, not broadly arched
as in Myrmekiaphila. In front, caput gently drawn toa short blunt point about
which the eyes are crowded. Eyes can be better described by speaking of ihem as
being in three groups; the ant-centrals a diameter or less distant and situated at the
top and on sides of the hill; on each side of these, not far separated is a group of three
eyes forming acrescent with the concavity toward the middle group; the eyes in this
group nearly or quite touch each other, Fig. 8, PI.V, represents the eyes as seen from
the front at an angle of 45° to a plane parallel with the base of the ceph’x.

With this view the ant- and post-laterals form a trapezium, base at post-laterals
one-fourth larger than opposite side; height about one-third of base, post centrals
slightly in front of base of trapezium, Ant-laterals comparatively large; others vary-
ing in relative size in different species, and it may be found, that the relative position
varies also as in Pachylomerus. Maxille extended in front, but not so much as in
Eriodon. Fig. 10 represents a maxilla showing insertion of palpus. Labium triangu-
lar, distal end rounded, longer than broad at base. Mandibles strongly kneed in front
of perpendicular clypeus.

—130—

About half or less than half as long as ceph’x., broad and deep, armed with a
comparatively strong fang; the inner edge ouly of furrow for reception of fang armed
wi h teeth; upper and inner edges of anterior half armed with short spines, which also
extend part way around base of fang.

Legs 4, I, 3, 2. 4, 1, 2, 3, or 4, I, 2, 3; palpilong. 3 tarsal claws. Claw of
palpus unarmed, Abdomen short oval. Spinnerets 4 pair, the upper pair long and

slender.
1. Nidivalvata marxii, n. sp.t QO 1 specimen.

(BIERV, aiasaS: 9, 10,12) 1237)

Ceph’x broadly oval 6 mm. long by §mm. broad. Caput back of ocular prom-
inence not perceptibly elevated, slope down to depression in center of ceph’x gradu-
al. Caput in front not much contracted on sides.

Radial depressions all quite deep; the posterior one of the laterals on each side
seeming to unite with the central depression. The depressions, though distinct in this
specimen, have deepened somewhat by alternately being in alcohol and in the air
while being studied.

In each anterior radial depression on sides of base of caput is a well marked de-
pression, though not deep,

Post-central eyes fully as large as the ant-centrals, eyes of the outer group almost
or quite touching. Ant-laterals dark orange, remainder transparent, legs. 4, I, 3, 2.
3rd 12mm., 2nd 113mm. _Sternum longer than broad, with three distinct circular
punctures on each side. Abdomen broadly oval and bluntly rounded at each end; on
ventral surface narrowed in front.

Armature. Very few hairs; short and fine on abdomen, longer and darker on
the 4 distal joints of legs. Metatarsus IV, with a row of spines on each side, and one
on under side, with additional spines at each end; tibial V, with few long spines irreg-
ularly placed on upper side, 3 distinct rows, two on under side and one on anterior
side, with extra spinesat eachend. Patella two double rows of spines on upper surface.
Metatarsus III, 4 rows of spines, two upper and two lower edge: spines irregu-
larly placed on upper side. Patella III, patch of spines on upper anterior surface,
broadest at distal end; this is separated from a few spines on the posterior surface by
an oblique rounded line. Metatarsus II, two double rows of spines, one on anterior
surface, and one of long spines on under surface; tibia II and I, double row of long
spines on under surface, and single row of short spines on anterior surface. Metatar-
sus I, three rows of long spines on under and anterior surface. Palpus, tarsus and
tibia a somewhat double row of long spines on each side; patella, one or two spines
on anterior surface.

Labium separated from sternum by a deep furrow.

Colors. Upper surface Ceph’x and legs, olive brown. Under surface legs dull
yellowish. Sternum a little darker. Maxillz dull rufous, with reddish hairs. Oc-
ular prominence black. Abdomen dull yellowish underneath, brownish yellow above,
with two rectangular rich dark brown spots on anterior end. Mandibles rufous. Col-
ors little changed in alcohol, not so bright however, and marks on abdomen disap-—

peared.
2. Nidivalvata angustata n. sp. 9 2, specimens.

Ceph’x oblong, 5} mm. long by 4mm. broad. Caput in front below eyes per-
ceptively narrowed; caudad of ocular prominence perceptibly elevated, making the
descent to the thorax steeper than in NV. marwii. Legs 4, 1, 2, 3. Anterior central
and lateral eyes dark, the others light; posterior centrals much smaller comparatively

1 In honor of Dr. Geo. Marx.

—I131—

than in NV. marwii, and the lateral groups of three distinctly separated. Radial fur—
rows on thorax not so deep as in N. marwii, Otherwise the same.

Il Genus MYRMEKIAPHILA, np. gen.

(murmekia, ants nest or hill, philos loving. )
(Pl. V, figs. 6, 7, 12, 14 and 22.)

Ceph’x perceptibly longer than broad, nearly 4: crescent shaped depression 4
distance from posterior edge, convexity caudad, ends not so extended as in Pachylo-
merus; 6 radial lines, sometimes quite indistinct. Greatest width about the middle,
narrowing gently to the anterior end, and more perceptibly toward posterior end.
Caput large, high and broadly arched in the anterior 3, then steeply descending to
depression and also narrowing on the sides to this point.

Eyes. Anterior and posterior laterals forming a rectangle, the height of which
is equal to two-fifths the base, Ant-laterals oval, largest; post-centrals near the post-
laterals; ant-centrals in a line about 3 from base of rectangle. Legs 4,1, 2,3. Lab—
ium, trapezoidal, shorter than broad at base. Maxillze extending forward not quite
so much in proportion as in Nidivalvata. See fig. 12, Plate V.

Mandibles, half or more than half as long as ceph’x slightly kneed in front of
margin of caput, armed with a strong fang.

Inner edge only of groove for reception of fang armed with short teeth; front of
mandible, on the inside of the insertion of fang drawn out into a three cornered toothed
projection, much as in Pachylomerus, but a little smaller; short teeth along anterior
half of inner upper edge of mandibles, and few at base of fang. Abdomen elongate,
cylindrical, tapering gently toeach end. Spinerets 4, upper pair medium size and
length.

I have been somewhat in doubt about placing this genus in the sub-
family £rzodontine, asit has some affinities with members of the subfam-
ily Zheraphosine, division Aipicephak. But I think, after a comparison
of the maxille, with those of C/eniza, Nemesia, and Lurypelma, some
species of which have a prolongation of the inner distal end, that the char-
acter of the maxillze would place it in the subfamily Zrzodontine. If how-
ever it should prove to belong to the Zheraphosinae, it would constitute a
genus related with, Aepycephalus, Creniza, Cyrtocarenum, and Cyriauche-
nius, in the group Aepycephalt. It can however be separated easily from
thes? genera by the following characters.”

Aepycephalus. ‘‘Head high and somewhat pointed, ceph’x broad as long, side
eyes form a trapezium, lip broad as long etc.”’

Cteniza. ‘‘Sideeyes form atrapezium. Lip somewhat three cornered, spinner—
ets short and thick. Abdomen great, eggformed etc.”’

Cyrtocarenum. ‘‘Ceph’x as in Cteniza; but head broader in front. Eyes occu—
py whole breadth of head, abdomen and spinerets as in Cteniza etc.’’

Cyrtauchenius. ‘‘Form of Ceph’x, and position of eyes as in Cyrtocarenum,
mandibles not drawn into a point etc.”’

As the nesting and food habits singularly resemble those of mem—
bers of the genus Nemesia, and the form of the abdomen also, it might

be confounded with that genus, which belongs to the group of Zherapho-

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelaris, Auss. pp. 150, 151, 152, 156
and 161.

—.32—

sine called Tupinocephali, as Nemesia, being related to the genera above
mentioned represents the passage from the Aepycephali to the Zapinoceph-
alt, ‘he generic characters given by Ausserer’ however easily distin-
guish it,

Nemesia. ‘Head low, little elevated above the thorax. Depression with the
concavity behind.”

The specimen of Nemesta caementaria which I saw in the Museum

of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist is readily distinguished generically from

this.

1. Myrmekiaphila foliata,n. sp. © 5 specimens. (PI. V, figs. 6, 7, 12, 14,
and 22.)

In addition to the generic characters are the following specific characters. An
terior central eyes? situated from each other about one diameter. Posterior lateral
eyes a little larger than the ant-centrals, Post-centrals slightly angulated, a little
smaller than the ant—centrals, each one about a diameter distant from the corres—
ponding post-lateral, and situated a very little cephalad of the base of rectangle
bounding the lateral eyes. Ant-centrals on point of hill higher than the others.
Ant-laterals lowest; these and the post-laterals situated at base of the low hill for
the eyes.

Legs of one of largest specimens. 4th, 21 mm. 3d, 14} mm. 2d, 16mm. Ist,
17 mm,, palpus 11.5 mm, Ceph’x 9 x 7 mm.

In the anterior radial lines, on each side of the caput is an elongated shallow
depression. ‘Two lateral radials on each side show a long, narrow, shallow depres-
sion, post radials indistinct in some. Edges of ceph’x slightly crenate, and showing
shallow, irregular depressions: posterior margin emarginate, Caput 3.5 mm, eleva-
ted above thorax.

Sternum 5 mm long by 3.75 mm broad, broadest part one-third distance from
posterior end, distinctly anyled. Labium slightly emarginate. Abdomen 10 mm
long by 7 mm broad.

Armature. Very few hairs, more perciptible on abdomen, and still more so on
the three and four distal joints of the legs, where the hairs are darker. Tarsus IV
one or two spines on anterior side. Metatarsus IV with four or five long spines on
under side, distal end I or 2 near centre. Tibia IV with scattered stiff hairs. Patel-
la IV, upper and anterior side with numerous slender spines, with quite a strong base.
A broad longitudinal denuded space on upper side, divides this patch of hairs. .Fe-
mur [V with a number of spines on distal upper end. Tarsus III, 2 spines on under
side. Metatarsus III, 1 or 2 spines on under, distal end, 1 or 2 more near middle;
two rows 3 or 4 spines each on upper anterior, and posterior edge. Upper surface
of tibia and patella III, covered with spines, which are divided into two patches by an
oblique, denuded, narrow space, ‘Tibia III, shorter than patella III. Tarsus I], 1
or 2 spines on posterior under edge; metatarsus I] and | with 2 or 3 spines on under,
distal end, and 2 or three near middle. Dense row of hairs on anterior and posterior
side of tarsus and metatarsus I; palpus, tarsus as in I; tibia with spine on under
distal end, and one or two near middle. Labium separated from sternum by a deep

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der ‘lerritelarize, Auss. p. 165.

* It seems unnecessary to repeat the description of the eyes so far as given for
the genus. Some variation should, however be allowed for other species which may
be found.

7

furrow. Maxillee and labium with very short, brown, strong spines at the oral ex-
tremities.

Colors. Ceph’x dull olive with a rufous tinge; legs more decidedly rufous, ex-
cept the femora which are paler and indistinctly tinged with green. Mandibles,
sternum, maxillze and labium decidedly rufous. Ends of mandibles darker, Ocular
prominence black; posterior eyes light; others usually black.” Abdomen dull yellow-
ish; broad longitudinal dorsal band of delicate brown, from which branch on each
side 7 bands of same color, extending down midway of abdomen. Above colors
from alcoholic specimens. In some specimens the alcohol has entirely effaced the
foliation on the abdomen, but it was distinct in all the specimens when alive, When
alive the femora were of a delicate light, olive green.

Subfamily THERAPHOSINAE.
Group A®picephali.
I. Genus PACHYLOMERUS Ausserer.

**Cephalothorax nur wenig linger als breit, lang, nach hinten allmiihlig abfallend.
Die halbkreisférmige, nach vorn geGffnete Riickengrube etwas hochliegend, da von
hier der Thorax nach hinten noch fast unter demselben Winkel sich abdacht wie der
Kopf, wiihrend bei verwandten Gattungen hinter der Grube der Thorax fast hori—
zontal verliuft. — Augen etwas gedriingt, auf niedrigem Hiigel. Die vier ovalen
Seitenaugen die gréssten, mitsammen ein Rechteck bildend, dessen Héhe gleich der
halben Basis. Vordere Mittelaugen hdher stehend als die Seitenaugen. Mandibles
stark, wenig liinger als hoch, in eine mit Dornen bewaffnete Spitze vorgezogen,
Falzrand beiderseits mit einer Reihe starker Ziihne bewaffnet. Lippe so lang, als
am Grunde breit, vorn zugespitzt. Die Extremitiiten der beiden Hinterpaare auf-
fallend verdickt, ihre Schenkel in der untern Hilfte bauchig aufgetrieben. Tibia III
kiirzer als Patelia III, oben an der Wurzel mit tiefem Eindrucke. Die beiden vor—
deren Fusspaare und die Palpen Q etwas schwach, ihre beiden Endglieder unten
flach und beiderseits mit einem breiten Bande kurzer, starker, dichtgedringter
Stacheln bewaffnet. Abdomen miissig gross, eiférmig. Spinnwarzen vier, etwas
dick und kurz.”’!

Ausserer takes P. g/aber Dall., as type of this genus and says: ‘‘ob
die ibrigen vorlaufig hier eingereihten Arten wirklich hierher gehéren,
lasst sich bei den etwas mangelhaften Beschreibungen nicht mit voller
Sicherheit bestimmen.’”

P. carolinensis Hentz, was one of those to which he refers, I think
he was right in placing it in this genus, but for the relative position of
the eyes, and some slight difference in the form of the labium there
should be allowed some variation in generic character, which he un-
doubtedly would have done, had he the opportunity to see the spe-
cimens

1. Pachylomerus carabivorus, n. sp. Q. 5 specimens. (Plate V, figs. 1 and
4, and 20.)

Eyes. Anterior and posterior laterals forming a trapezium; base of which
formed by the post-laterals one-fifth longer than the opposite side. Height about one-
third of base. View of eyes taken perpendicularly to a plane parallel with the ven—

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelariz, Auss., p. 145 and 146.
* Idem, p. 146.

Entomologica Americana. 19 Oct. & Nov. 1886.

—

tral surface of the ceph’x. With this view the ant- and post-lateral eyes appear ellipti-
cal in outline; but viewed from a point toward which each eye may be said to ‘‘look’’
they are nearly circular in outline, and appear like ‘dormer windows’’, from the
arched portion of the caput for each one. Fig, 3, Plate V, represents position and
relative size of the eyes as seen from the view explained above; the arrows indicate
the direction from which the greater number of rays of light enter the eyes. A line
through the center of the ant-central eyes would pass a little above a line half way
between the base and opposite side of the trapezium; ant-centrals are situated from
each other, and from the ant-laterals about one diameter; receive the rays of light
directly from above. Post-lateral eyes in line with base of trapezium, or a trifle
anterior in some specimens, receive the rays of light from a point caudo-dorsal. Ant-
lateral, largest, ant-central and post-lateral of about equal size, post—central smallest,
though in one specimen they are of equal size with the ant-central and post—lateral.

Ceph’x a little longer than broad at widest part. In one specimen 9 mm. x 8.25
mm., another 11mm, x 10mm. &c. U-shaped depression situated about two-
thirds of the distance from the anterior margin of the caput. Base of ceph’x 3.5 mm;
posterior angles quite sharply defined; lateral edge, from posterior angle to point of
greatest width, straight. Greatest height of ceph’x, 6 mm. Mandibles 3.5 mm.
long x 3 mm. deep. Abdomen 12 mm, long, whole length of spider 24.5 mm, Legs:
Ist, 16mm; 2nd, 15.25mm; 3rd, 15.25 mm; 4th, 19.5mm. These are meas-
urements taken from one individual. In some the legs are 4, I, 2, 3.

Armature. ‘'Vhe legs have few hairs, though more abundant on tibia, metatarsus
and tarsus, of all the legs, and patella III and IV.

Patella IV on sides of proximal half covered with very short spines. Anterior
side of metatarsus and tarsus IV slender spines; a few spines on under side, distal
end of tibia TV. ‘Trochanter III with a short papilla, Anterior side and upper
distal end of patella III, whole upper surface of metatarsus III, and distal end of
tibia III, covered with short, strong, black spines. On upper side of proximal end
of metatarsus III is an elongated denuded spot, which seems to be the miniature of
the smooth depression at proximal end of tibia III; tarsus III with few spines. Tibia,
metatarsus and tarsus of II and I, and tibia and tarsus of palpus, with dense row of
short, strong, black spines on anterior and posterior sides.

Sternum with few hairs on edge, longer than broad, in one specimen 6.25 mm.
by 5.75 mm., sharply angled between the articulation of the coxz; greatest breadth
between coxee II and III.

Maxille longer than coxa I; at edge of base a clustered row of short, strong,
brown spines; densely hairy with rufous hairs on anterior edge, Labium broadest at
base, distal end truncate, anterior angles well rounded; as long or nearly as long as
broad at base; armed near distal end with a few spines similar to those on the maxil-
lee; separated from the sternum by a deep furrow,

Colors. When alive. Ceph’x and legs deep glossy black. Abdomen light
brown. Ends of mandibles, hairs on end of mandibles, and on anterior edge of
maxille reddish. Patella IV also reddish on upper surface. Under parts lighter
colored. Membrane connecting legs to ceph’x, and the joints of the legs whitish.
When placed in alcohol the glossy black after a while disappears, and becomes a
dark rufous brown, ends of legs remaining darker because of the presence of numer—
ous very short, black spines.

Pachylomerus carabivorus. var. emarginatus, n. var. (Q, I specimen.)

This seems to be a varietal form of P. carabivorus. Labium trapezoidal, anterior
corners rounded; shorter than broad at base. Ceph’x nearly as broad as long, 10

_

mm. long. Marginal configuration asin P. earabivorus, except that the posterior
margin is strongly emarginate. Whole upper portion of ceph’x seems to be elevated,
showing quite a breadth of membrane which connects it with the cox. Middle
portion of caput, perceptibly elevated and broadened a little caudad of the eyes.
Legs; 4th, 23.5 mm; 3rd, 19.25 mm; 2nd, 18.5mm; Ist, 20mm. In front of the
U-shaped depression the caput is emarginate, the depression extending for a short
distance cephalad in the median line. This is seen to a certain extent in some good
specimens of P. carabivorus. Otherwise as in P. carabivorus.

Pachylomerus carolinensis, Hentz. 9,1 specimen. (Plate V, figs. 2 and
3, and 20.) Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territetarize, Ausserer, 1871, p. 147. Mygale
carojinensis, Hentz., Boston Journ. IV, p. 56, pl. VII, fig. 3.

This specimen I am convinced is the same as the one described by Hentz as
Mygale carolinensis. The description is very imperfect, and I take this opportunity
of making it a little more complete, and easy to identify. His description is as
follows. ‘‘Brownish, very glossy; cephalothorax with two slight impressions near
the base; abdomen blackish, not glossy; third joint of the third pair of legs very short
and crooked; feet 4, I, 3, 2.’’ The spinal armature is the same as in P. carabivorus,
but the ceph’x and arrangement of eyes are quite distinct. Ceph’x longer in pro—
portion to width than in P. carabivorus, 10 mm. x 8 mm, in this specimen. U-shaped
depression situated more than two-thirds the distance from anterior margin of caput,
making caput larger in proportion, In the curve of the U-shaped depression, there
is scarcely any depression; a very faintly depressed line, which is quite readily seen
because it is very dark, connects the two well marked depressions at the anterior ends
of the U. As Hentz’s specimen was a small one, these depressions would be smaller
than in the specimen I have. Had it been a well marked U-shaped depression, he
would have noted it, as he has in the case of Mygale truncata. !

Caput caudad of eyes slightly elevated, making the slope quite steep.

Radial depressions distinct, straight. Base of ceph’x 4 mm; angles not sharply
defined; lateral edge from posterior angle to point of greatest breadth curved, with
convexity outward, fig. 2, pl. V, represents the ceph’x of this species. By compar-
ing it with fig. 1, can be seen the differences of the two species in the configuration
and markings.2 Fig. 3 represents the eyes of P. carolinensis; fig. 4 of P. carabiv-
orus; fig. 19 tarsal claw, spur at base with a small spine on each side at its base;
distad of this a spine divided at the end. Labium as long or longer than broad at base.

Eyes. Ant- and post-laterals form a trapezium as in P. caribivorus, but the
ant—centrals are situated on a line halfway between the base of the trapezium and the
opposite side; the post-laterals and centrals forma curved line with convexity caudad,
instead of a straight line as in P. carabivorus.

Sternum as broad as long, 5 mm., broadest part one-third from caudal end.

Mygale solstitialis’. Hentz, | am inclined to think is the male
of this species. The depressions in the ceph’x are similar, the difference
in the lengths of the 2nd and 3rd pair of legs is not of much specific im-
portance in many species. The depressions on the abdomen are just
what will appear in any of these species, when the abdomen becomes

1 Boston Journ. IV, p. 55. Spiders of the U.S. N.M. Hentz, p. 16, pl. I, f. 1.
2 The curvature of the lateral radials I do not think is constant.

3 Boston Journ. IV, p. 56. Spiders of the U.S. N.M. Hentz, p. 17, pl. 1, f. 3.

—136—

small for want of food, or after the depositing of eggs. In nearly all
specimens either one, two, or three, or more pair of circular depressions
can be seen. When the abdomen shrinks the space between the de-
pressed dots of each pair becomes depressed in the form of a rectangle
as seen in Hentz’s figure of M/vgale solstitialis. The difference in color
of the two is not of specific importance, for the young of P. caradbivorus
have a brownish ceph’x, the old a glossy black, and when transferred to
alcohol, this soon changes to brown.
Pachylomerus turris, n. sp. ©, I specimen, (PI. V, fig. 5.)

,

Ceph’x 6.5 mm. long x 6 mm. broad. Marginal configuration as in P. carabiv-
orus; lateral radial depressions in form of crescents with the concavities caudad;
anterior radial depressions indistinct, but marked by a deep, small cylindrical punct-
ure; armature same as P. carabivorus, with the exception of the lack here and there
of a few spines, which may be accidental.

Sternum nearly as broad as long, distinctly angled between articulations of coxz.
Labium shorter than broad at base, nearly triangular, separated from sternum by

a furrow.

Eyes. Upon the arrangement of the eyes is laid the greatest stress in establish-
ing this species. Ant- and post-laterals forming a rectangle; posterior row curved
with the convexity caudad.

Tuft of hairs on clypeus with few hairs; also very few hairs, or signs of their
having been any, in the three lines caudad of the eyes.

Pachylomerus 4-spinosus, n. sp. (PI. V, fig. 21.)

Eyes as in P. carolinensis. Legs 4, 1, 3, 2, tibia III with depression at prox—
imal end, but distal end not enlarged as in the other species. Armature very distinct
from the other species. Patella IV with a number of spines; distal end of patella and
metatarsus III, two spines; two on proximal end of metatarsus and two or three on
distal end of tibia III; row of spines on each lower side of II and I, arranged thus in
each row, one on tarsus, two on metatarsus, and two on tibia; palpus with a row on
each lower side, arranged 3 on tarsus, 2 on tibia, one on patella, and one on femur.
Spines at base of maxillz and on labium as in the other species of Pachylomerus.
All the spines on the legs are medium length, and not short as in the other species.
Ceph’x and legs pale rufous, abdomen light brown. Specimens young. Palpal claw
is shown in fig. 21, plate V, at base is a large short spine, which has four divisions at
the terminal end, the distal one the longest, and the others decreasi.g successively
in length. »

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Fig. 1. Ceph’x of Pachylomerus carabivorus.
came CCP anre carolinensis.
Sc3. Hyesiof eS es
eA cee St: es carabivorus.
pe 5: cee = turris.
<< 6. Myrmekiaphila foliata, dorsal view.
CET 2 “ eyes of.
CURT?) of “s maxilla of.
Se SUAS z us side view.

=

és»

tea
re

a
a

—s 2

" i rar
iors o* te | s* ~
3 i ‘ aa
~ ’
ba i ¥ ~
19 ‘ “iN Lu =

on! - iM , .
*
;
= r
\ . ‘ o
,
wh t
Vey a a4
o ; i t
a se ‘ » * fi
. - -) i F
y ‘
; 5 Pm * : *
4} pir
i « 7
. ri {
. er I al *
f t i ry 1
> | a
- c ) ° ‘
‘ - - A A
5 ’ f r ey
‘ 5 7 ' ' * 2
4 . wore ; . . :
‘Ss Ne? oe ‘ r ;
: jad ? ie i) 1 Ade
. # : ; «
7 .
x ;
i ;
; : x
. r
‘ A s
} :
’ ,
. - i
iF re
Ps
: * "a.
. ‘ ‘
. ;
oA 4
re theaglt F ‘
Py. b
é
“: ta
a’
be ’
~ . a 6
- » >
9S a
.
. e
4
j >

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL, II, OCT. & NOV., 1886.

B Fo,2
9 2. 29, oF
Figy Pig.

PLATE V.

5 ee = ee ee a
ape PLS, OIE BLE ILEB
Wig jp ff SL fp PSL
UG fi Yip ge yp LDA
ee EE z SE ZF)

LAGI LOG
OEE
OLE TLL

SSS

Ss

SSS

=

——S
SS

=
Ss

=:
SS

=
=>

—

fy

Se

SSS

Ss

=

1

SSS
SS
Ss

WY)
if Mh
Ly,

SSS

——

=
Rae

<<

eee

=
SSS

SSeS
=
S) =
ee
Z

indon. dele

Fig. 9. Nidivalvata marwii, dorsal view.

aoe ss Es eyes of.

Eo LO: re 55 maxilla of.
SewTo ss es side view.
DL. a angustata, nest of.

«15. Nest of Myrmekiaphila foliata; dotted line at a represents bottom of place
where stone lay. Space represented by dotted lines a and d, much _ fore-
shortened; b, where spider was caught; ¢, trap-door.

<< 16. Nest of Myrmekiaphila foliata in an ants nest; aa, landing in ants nest,
leading off into galleries; b, entrance to ants nest; d, tube of spider; e,

trap-door.
“17. Nest of Nidivalvata maraii, open.
Scars scr ae se closed:
“19. Palpal claw Q, of P. carolinensis.
> 20. ss Ore ee CanaoLvOnus:

“© 21. Palpal claw of P. 4-spinosus.
ee 5 ss 0, M. foliata.
E23 “8 SHOPS Nee manent.
Figs. 1, 2, 6, 9, £3 and 14, about natural size,
ERRATA. —In the first part of this article, pp. 109-117, for caribivorus where-
ever It occurs, read carabivorus; for Notes, in title, read Nests; p. 110, line 7,
note 1, for Canes, read Cannes.

2 eh 6 6 i

Note on the secondary sexual characters of some
North American Coleoptera.
By E. A. ScHWarz.

Hydrophilus ovatus. The two sexes differ not only in the structure
of the front tarsi but also in that of the maxillary palpi which, in the fe-
male, are slightly compressed, the three joints being about equal in
width. In the male, the palpi are much more compressed, especially
the second joint which is twice as wide as the last. I can hardly believe
that this obvious character should have been hitherto overlooked, still I
find no mention ofit in the literature at my command. It is not alluded
to by Dr. Horn (Can. Ent, XVII, 1885, p. 137-138).

Mycetoporus americanus and flavicollis. In addition to the sexual
characters mentioned by Dr. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. VI, p. 123)
I notice in the males of the above species a peculiar structure of the
seventh abdominal segment. This is broadly emarginate at apex and
its surface (so far as visible) covered with a dense filamentous vestiture
which is longitudinally striate, projecting in two lobes beyond the apex
of the segment. ‘The lobes are divergent, narrowing toward the tip and
terminating in a fine seta. ‘This structure is the same in the two species
which do not appear to differ except in coloration.

Telmatophilus americanus. Judging from the description, the Europ-
ean species of this genus do not differ essentially in the two sexes but
the male of the only North American species shows a remarkable modi-
fication of the hind tibix, These are compressed and, excepting at the
very base, much broader than in the female; the outer edge is straight
but furnished near the base with a large subtriangular plate which is very
thin and semi-transparent. On the inner edge the tibia is concave at
basal fourth, then obtusely angulated, thence straight, the tibia gradually
narrowing from the angle to the tip. In addition to this character the
last ventral segment has a round but rather shaJlow excavation near the
apex. I know of no other Cryptophagid which is so strikingly marked
in the male sex,

Axinocerus americanus. The remarkable antennal characters of this
genus described and figured by Dr. Jayne (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.
XX, p. 367, fig. 63) are those of the male sex. In the female the anten-
nz are 10-jointed,’ the two basal joints like those of the male, the third
much narrower, a little longer than wide, the following 5 very small,
transverse, gradually increasing in width, the penultimate joint strongly
transverse, more than twice as wide as the preceding, the last joint com-
pressed. slightly transversely oval (when viewed from the broad side),
much smaller than the corresponding joint in the male and hardly twice
larger than the first antennal joint. ‘his rare species occurs also in
southern Georgia.

Scaphidium quadriguttatum. Male: Metasternum in front of hind
cox rather coarsely and densely punctate and furnished with sparse
yellowish pubescence, median line obsolete behind the middle. Hind
tibiae on inner side with a fringe of fine hair.

Female: Metasternum not concave, glabrous, with a few very fine,
scattered punctures, median line entire and enlarged near the middle
into an oblong groove. Hund tibiz simple.

Malthodes captiosus. In 1882 I found at Deer Park, Md., aspecies
of Malthodes in the male of which | found a sexual character not men-
tioned in any described species of the genns. I forwarded the specimens
to Dr. Leconte calling his attention to my observation, and he wrote me
that the species was JZ, capfiosus but that in describing this species he
had overlooked the best character. The character referred to, is of suf-
ficient importance to deserve mention although no specimen is now before
me and I describe solely from memory, In the male the sexual characters
are not confined to the structure of the abdomen (as described by Dr,

1 [ may be mistaken in the number of joints but the single specimen before me
is in rather unsatisfactory condition,

Leconte) but the hind tibiz are also affected. These are slightly bent,
the apical half of inner edge emarginate and the emargination filled with
a brush of fine hair,

Malthodus parvulus. This, our smallest and at the same time com-
monest species of AZa/thodes acquires a special interest from the fact that
the male still remains entirely unknown. In our other species of /Za/-
thodes the males are not rarer than the females, but of this pusz/us | have
myself, during the past three years, examined more than 200 specimens
without finding among them a single specimen that could be considered
as the male. ‘Ihe specimens I saw in Dr, Leconte’s collection marked
as males are undoubtedly females in which the last abdominal segment
became accidentally lengthened and somewhat distorted in the process of
drying

Xylophilus fasciatus. Male: Anterior tibizx with the outer edge
strongly curved, inner edge strongly sinuate, almost angulate at middle.
Posterior femora clavate and suddenly widened a little bevond the mid-
dle; inner edge of hind tibiz with a row of fine hair and with a_ slight
dilation near the base, terminal spur long.

Female: Anterior tibiz, posterior femora and tibiz simple, the latter
with the terminal spur short, Last antennal joint smaller in the male.

Aylophilus piceus. Wind femora in male armed near the tips with a
large triangular tooth.

ee 6 i i

Notes on some Species of Geometridae, No. 2.
(Geometrine. )

By Gro. D. Hutst.

Geometra rectaria Grt. (Can. Ent. IX, 157, 1877.)

This seems to be a good species, and is found in some abundance
in Central Texas and more rarely in Arizona and California. It is in
some respects intermediate between G. zrzdarta Guen, and G. ilustraria
Hulst and may yet be found to grade into both.

Aplodes latiaria Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. p. 74, 1873.)

Prof. Lintner has kindly loaned me the type of this species for exam-
ination. Iam unable to separate it from A. mzmosaria (Guen, Phal. I,
p- 377, 1852) except as a varietal form. The only material point of
difference noted by Dr. Packard is that there is no inner white line on
the hind wings. But on the specimen marked by him as ‘‘Type”, the
inner line is clearly indicated though very faint, In my observation there
is in specimens of A. mimosariu every gradation from the distinct inner
line to the form with the line obsolete. The name may be retained as a

—1I40—

varietal name for the latter form. There is also much variation in the
general color of A. mimosaria, which ranges from sea-green to dull
white, very faintly tinged with green. ;

Aplodes approximaria Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. p. 73, 1873.)

In this as in the preceding species, notwithstanding the statement
of Dr. Packard to the contrary, the inner line on the hind wings is clearly
indicated in the typical specimen, Mr. Graef has the only other speci-
men of which I have knowledge, but it is likely in other collections
under the name of A. mimosaria Guen, ‘The specimens I have seen of
mimosarva vary very much in the distance between the cross lines; and
though I have seen no connecting links with A. approximaria, they will
probably sooner or later be found, and A. approximaria will be proved a
variety only. ‘Till that time it must be considered a good species.

Aplodes undinaria Strecker (Rept. Surv. Dept. Mo. p. 1862, 1878.)

This is a synonym of Chiorosea bistriaria Pack. (Geom. Moths, p.
378, pl. 13, fig. 55.)

Aplodes junctolinearia Graef. (Brook. Bull. III, 87.)

This beautiful insect is unique in the style of its markings and is
consequently one of the most interesting of the sub-family.

Aplodes (Chlorosea) albaria Grt. (Can. Ent. XV, 126.)

This species is very close to A. wridicaria, Hulst (Brookl. Bull. ITI,
p. 41). The hind wings are nearly pure white, butin this it connects
by gradations with the very light green tinted wings of A. wirtdicaria.
There are, so far as I can see, but two points of difference between the
two insects. Ist, in A. wrrdicaria the white lines on the fore wings are
considerably wider apart at the costa than at the inner edge; in A. adll-
aria they are parallel all across the wings; in both the outer line is par-
allel with the outer margin, These are the type forms, but in the series
of specimens I have the two forms connected. 2nd, in A. wiridicaria
the lines of the hind wings approach each other inwardly, which is not
the case in the typical A. aléaria, But in this, in my series of speci-
mens, there are connecting examples. A. a/baria seems to be the more
prevalent form in Arizona, My present opinion based upon an examin-
ation of 8 specimens, is, that A. alaria is properly catalogued asa
variety of A. wiridicaria,

Geometra inclusaria, Walk. (List Brit. Mus. Geom. p. 508, 1861.)

I have a number of specimens from Florida which seem exactly to
agree with the description of the above species as given by Mr. Walker.
I have in my possession no authenticated specimen of A. rudrolinearia
Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. p. 74, 1873), but from the description I

—I4I—

feel pretty certain it is the same as the species of Walker. The insect is
an Aplodes.

Synchlora rubivoraria, Riley, (1st Report Ins. Mo. p. 239, pl. 2, f. 25, 1869)
(albolineata Pack., 5th Report Peab. Acad. p. 75, 1873; gracilaria Pack., 5th Re-
port Peab. Acad. p. 77, 1873), is a synonym of Synechlora (Aplodes) glaucaria,
Guen. Phal. I, 377, 1857.

Synchlora tricoloraria, Pack. (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. XVI, p. 30, 1874)
is a synonym of Synchlora liquoraria, Guen, (Phal. I, p. 375, 1857).

Chlorosea perviridaria, Pack. (Geom. Moths, p. 379, pl. 10, f. 82, 1876), is
a synonym of Chlorosea fasciolaria, Guen. (Phal. I, p. 351, 1857).

Eucrostis zelleraria, Pack. (Geom. Moths, .p. 370, pl. 10, f. 76), is a syno-
nym of Eucrostis phyllinaria, Zell. (Verh. Zoo. Bot. Ges. Wien, p. 479, 1872).

Some species of Geometrinz I have not been able to identify from
their descriptions. It is however likely that Geomet/ra mimicata, Walk.
(List. Brit. Mus. Suppl., p. 1601, 1866), isa synonym of Aplodes mim-
osaria Guen., and both these may be the same as G. @ra/a Fab.; that
Thallasodes deprivata, Walk. (List Brit. Mus. Geom., p. 1559, 1862),
Nemoria indiscriminaia, Walk. (l.c., p. 1556), and MV. densaria Walk.
(l.c. p. 1559), are variations of WV. chloroleucaria, Guen. (Phal. I, p. 351,
1857); that Zucrosts oporaria, Zell. (Verh. Zoo. Bot. Ges. Wien, p. 481,
1872), may be a variation of Memoria pistaciafa, Guen. (Phal. I, p. 348,
1857); and that Geometra euchloraria, Ab, & Guen. (Phal. I, p. 355,
aM is likely either Memorea subcroceata, Walk. (List Brit. Mus. Geom.

. 1557, 1862), or MW. gratata Pack. Seen Moths, -p..273;. plo;
. 79, 1875.)

I speak of these as probabilities, not so much for the purpose of
giving my personal opinion based on a study of the literature, as for the
purpose of exciting interest in some Entomologist making a visit to
Europe and leading him to take specimens of these insects and _ others,
that comparison may be made with the specimens in the British Museum,
and with Guenee’s types, which still exist in the possession of Mr. Over-
thiir of Rennes, France. I think it probable that Zeller’s types as yet
undetermined, may be found in the collection of Lord Walsingham
Merton Hall, Thetford, England. Any one visiting Europe could easily
make needed comparisons and in a short time we could have the bulk
of our Lepidoptera finally determined. The visits of Grote, Packard
and Fernald bore in this line a wonderful deal of excellent fruit.

It may not be too much out of place here to add a note which af-
fects one of our Lnnominae, concerning the species of which subfamily
I have already (Ent. Amer. I, pp. 46—49) given some brief notes. Some
time since, I saw, by the kindness of Mr. John B. Smith of the National

Entomologica Americana. 20 Oct. & Nov. 1886.

—142—

Museum, the type of Stenaspilates meskearia, Pack, (Geom. Moths, p.
213, pl. 13, f. 50, 1876). I was very much surprised to find it to be the
insect afterwards called Azelima arizonaria, Hy. Edw. (Pap. II, p. 130,
1882). Without being ready to give any positive opinion, I may yet say
itseems to me, the insect is better catalogued for the present under
Azelina as Azelina meskearia, Pack. Packard's type is from Texas, and
is somewhat more olivaceous than the type of Mr, Edwards; but allow-
ing A. albomacularia, Hy. Edw., to stand asa variety, there is hardly
enough distinction between it and A. meskearia to allow another variety
between them.

Two New Varieties of Noctuids.
By A. W. PutMan-CRAMER,

Raphia frater var. coloradensis.

© expands from 38 to 40mm. Ground color of primaries yellowish white,
more or less covered with black scales; t.a and ¢.p. lines strongly marked; black
dash between reniform and costa; lower third of median space and all of basal space
covered with black scales. Secondaries white, more or less covered with black scales.
Male expands from 34-38 mm. Ground color of primaries yellowish white, more or
less covered with black scales; ¢. p. line faintly marked, black dash between reniform
and costa. Basal space thickly covered with black scales; lower half of median space
entirely black. Secondaries like those of the females. In both JS and © the pro-
thorax is grey, and the thorax nearly white.

Described from 3 ¢' and 4 Q, taken by D. Bruce in Colorado.

Calocampa cineritia var. thoracica.

Expands 45 mm. Prothorax and abdomen bright fulvous, thorax brownish
grey. Ground color of primaries grey, of secondaries fulvous grey with light ful-
vous fringe. Basal lines well marked, wavy rather than sinuous, costa slightly ful-
vous. Stigma and reniform close together giving the appearance of a p on the left
wing, and a q on the right one, the legs of which are curved outward.

From reniform a narrow yellowish dash runs subapically, having a round brown
spot at its starting point in the reniform and a slightly sinuous black dash at its lower
edge near the margin.

Under side of both wings fulvous grey. Stigma on secondaries faintly marked.
Outer edges of both wings paler than body of wings.

Differs from the type in the color of the thorax, the wavy basal lines
and the lighter colored fringe of primaries.

Described from a number of specimens taken in New Hampshire,
by C. F. Goodhue.

—143—
Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A. A.A.S.

The Club met under the rules and pursuant to notice at the rooms
of the Buffalo Society of Natural History on Main Street at 3 o’clock p.m.
on Tuesday, August 17, 1886. 14 persons being present.

The President, Prof. J. A. Lintner of Albany, called the meeting to
order.

The Secretary, Mr. John B. Smith of Washington, being unable to
attend, Mr. E. Baynes Reed of London, Canada, was appointed Secre-
tary pro temp.

As the minutes of the previous meeting at Ann Arbor had been
printed in ‘‘Enromotogica AmeERIcANA’, the reading thereof was on
motion dispensed with.

Prof. Lintner in taking the chair expressed his pleasure at meeting
again so many brethren of the club; he alluded briefly to the absence of
some who were usually present at these meetings and referred especially
to Prof. C, V. Riley who had gone to Europe for the benefit of his health.
He also paid a high tribute to the contributions to Entomology, espec-
ially to the Lepidoptera, that had emanated from the rooms in which
they were now assembled.

The President then delivered his Annual Address.

ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT
' of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S.
at the Buffalo Meeting, Aug. 17, 18386.

GENTLEMEN: I do not know that I can better discharge the duty
devolving upon me, of the presentation of an address on this occasion,
than in reference to some of the evidences of the continued progress
made in our department of science as shown in publications which have
appeared since our last meeting. Little that I shall refer to, may benew
to most of those present, yet a retrospect of labor satisfactorily performed
and successfully prosecuted, is always agreeable to those who have had
part therein, while it may prove of interest and of value to those who are
not present with us, or active members of our corps, or who may not
have access to our current literature.

Each of the several orders of Insects have been advanced through
valuable studies and publications. While in some of the orders, the pub-
lications have been but few, yet it is gratifying to know that collections
are being made in them and studies prosecuted, of which we may look
for the results ere long,

In the HYMENOPTERA a Monograph of the Chrysidide has been

—144—

published by Mr. S. F. Aaron, containing diagnostic descriptions of
genera and species. Seventy-four species are described, over one-half of
which are new to science. Nearly all are contained in the collections of
the American Entomological Society, of which Mr. Aaron is the curator.
A list of the more important writings on the Chrysidid@ is appended, and
the paper is illustrated in five plates (Transactions of the American Ento-
mological Society, xii, 1885, pp. 209-248).

Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead has given a Biographical and Synonymical
Catalogue of the North American Cynipide, containing 172 species, to-
gether with a list of the trees and plants upon which they occur, It ap-
pears that these insects are so nearly confined to oaks (of the twenty
species enumerated), that only 13 species have other food-plants (Id. ib.,
pp. 291-304).

From the same author we also have Studies on North American
Chalcidide, giving descriptions of 55 new species from Florida and notes
upon others (Month. Proc. Am. Ent. Soc. for Dec, 1885, pp. X-XIX;
Trans. A. E. S.. xiii, pp. 125-135).

Mr. L. O. Howard, of the Entomological Division of the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, who for several years past has been engaged in
the study of the interesting and serviceable family of the Chalcwide, is
contributing to Entomologica Americana, a generic synopsis of the fa-
mily, which he has divided into twenty subfamilies, The European
genera have been combined with our own, as many of them will doubt-
less be hereafter detected in this country (Ent. Amer. i, pp. 197-199,
215-219, ii, 33-39, 97-101). A list of the North American species by
Mr. Howard, may be found in Bulletin V of the Division of Entomo-
logy, which also embraced the first of a series of papers descriptive of the
Chalcidide in the collection of the Department, most of which were un-
described.

Contributions to the knowledge of our Hymenoptera, have also
been made by Messrs. G. J. Bowles (Canadian Entomologist, xvii, p.
231), J. A. Guignard (id. xviii, p. 68), Wm. H, Harrington (id., pp.
30, 38, 45; Trans. No. 6 of Ottowa Field Naturalist’s Club), G. W.
Taylor (Canad. Ent., xviii, p. 250), and I. W. Fyles (ib., p. 38).

We are greatly pleased to learn that Mr. Ezra T. Cresson, to whom
we are more largely indebted than to any other person for the knowledge
of our North American Hymenoptera, is engaged upon a synopsis of the
order, and that such progress has been made in its preparation that its
publication may be expected before many months.

In the LEP/DOPTERA a volume has been given to the public
the present year, which we hope will be followed by others of the kind,
in other of the orders, that greatly needed wants may be met.

—145—

The Butter flies of the astern United States, for the use of classes in
Zoology and private students, by Prof. G. H. French, of the Southern
Illinois Normal University, will enable the intelligent student, by the aid
of synoptic tables, descriptions and figures, to name almost any of the
species that occur within the United States, east of Nebraska, Kansas and
Texas. ‘Iwo hundred species are described, illustrated in 93 figures,
and where known, the earlier stages are also given.

A similar work, devoted to a smaller group, is the Sphingide of
New England, by Prof. C. H. Fernald—a pamphlet of 85 pages and 6
plates, in which the forty-two species known to occur in the Eastern
States are described and a few of them figured.

A feature in both of the above publications which deserves special
commendation, is the accentuation of the names of the species. The
care that has been bestowed upon the preparations of these lists, entitle
them to acceptance and adoption, and we hope will ensure us some de-
gree of uniformity in pronounciation, hereafter.

Prof. Fernald and Mr Jno. B. Smith have contributed notes upon
Some of the genera of our Sphingide (Entomologica Americana 11, p. 2).

Mr. Smith has continued his troduction to a Classification of the
North American Lepidoptera in a fourth paper, devoted to the Sphingide
(id., i, p 81—87), and has also given a more detailed account, with
figures, of the scent-organs in some Bombycid Moths, than we have
hitherto had (id. ii, p. 79).

The careful Life-histories of our Butterflies have been continued by
Mr. W. H. Edwards (Canad. Ent., xvii, pp. 155, 181, 245), and also his
Descriptions of New Species, from the Pacific Slope (Id. p. 61).

The Rev. G. D. Hulst has published during the last month, De-
scriptions of New Pyrahd@e, embracing such species as are not named in
the American collections and are unknown to those who have made
special study of the family. Much the larger number of the species de-
scribed (89 in all) are from the western portion of the United States
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xiii, July 1866, pp. 145—168). Mr. Hulst has
also published two papers upon the Geomefride in which several new
species are described, viz., Mew Species and Varieties of Geometride
(Ent. Amer., i, pp, 201—208) and o/es upon various Species of the
Ennomine (id. ii, pp. 47—52).

Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera have also been published
by Mr. Henry Edward (Ent. Amer., i, p- 128, ii, p. 8), Mr. J. Elwyn
Bates (Can. Ent., xviii, 74, 94), Mr. Ph. Fischer (Id., xvii, p. 133),
Mr. B. Neumoegen (Ent. Amer., p. 192), and Mr. R. H. Stretch (Id.,
p. 102).

—146—

In the Proceedings of the Natural Science Association of Staten
Island, for March 1886, Mr. Davis has recorded sixty species of butter-
flies as found upon Staten Island, naming the recent additions to a
former list.

Other contributions to the Lepidoptera have been made by Messrs.
Beuttenmiiller, Bates, Clark, Fischer, Fletcher. French, Goodhue, Grote,
Hamilton, Harrington, Kellicott, Moeschler, Smith, Stretch, Tepper,
and Mrs. C. H. Fernald and Miss Murtfeldt.

t is gratifying intelligence that the two volumes of the Busferflies of
North America, for which we are indebted to Mr. W. H. Edwards, is to
be followed by a third, work upon which has been commenced. As the
volumes already issued have furnished the American student with a better
series of life-histories of butterflies than have ever been published else-
where, while enriched with illustriations which in beauty and accuracy
have never been surpassed, it is to be regretted that their author should
be compelled to find the reward for his years of untiring labor in the
honor that they bring him, and not in a pecuniary return. A merited
tribute to the high character of this work, may be found in Science for
October 9, 1885 (p, 307).

The Butterflies of New England, which has been under the pen and
pencil of Mr. S. H. Scudder for several years, and which has been so
long awaited by Entomologists, is, we learn, rapidly approaching com-
pletion. Having had the privilege of examination of several of the
plates which are being printed at the well-known house ofSinclair & Sons,
Philadelphia, by the chromo-lithographic process, I can only say of them,
that they are marvels of faithfulness and beauty, hardly to be distinguished
from hand-coloring. They certainly mark an advance in the application
of this art to insect illustration that has never before been cans in this
country or in Europe.

A Hand book of all the Lepidoptera described as belonging to the North
American Fauna North of Mexico, giving brief descriptions ofall the
species known, to be illustrated with wood-cuts and lithographic plates,
under the editorship of Mr. Henry Edwards of New York, has been an-
nounced, It will be issued in parts, by S. E. Cassino, as stated in a cir-
cular distributed, and will be commenced as soon as a sufficient number
of subscribers can be obtained.

Mr. R.H. Stretch is engaged on a Monograph of the Zygaenide.
Lithostide and Arctiide of North America, in which it is intended to
collate all the literature relating to these families, and to illustrate all the
species, About 350 figures have already been drawn for the work.

DIPTERA.—Weare unable to report much progress upon this
order during the year.

—147—

Dr. Williston has completed his series of three papers on the
Classification of the North American Diptera in the families Xylophagidae,
Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Lepiidae and Syrphidae, published in the Bulle-
tin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society (vii, p. 129) and in Entomo-
logica Americana (i, pp. 10, 114, 152), In these papers some new
species are described, synoptic tables of the genera and diagnoses of the
tribes and families given, and structural features illustrated.

Dr, Williston has also published Nofes and Des riptions of North
American Xylophagidae and Stratiomyidae (Can, Ent. xviii, p. 121), in
which eleven species are described as new.

Dr. Hagen has written of the Hessian Fly in [taly, recording its
notice in that country (Ib., p. 129). He has also collated some facts
relating to the food of Scenopinus larvae, leading him to offer the sug-
gestion that S. pal/ipes found beneath carpets, may be carnivorous (Id.,
Xvill, p. 73). Some observations of my own which are stated in the 2d
Report on the Insects of New York, give additional reason for believing
that this remarkable larva, feared as carpet-feeder, may prey upon the
larva of the clothes-moth.

The volume last referred to, contains also notices of an unknown
larva feeding upon a fungus occuring on quince, the emasculating bot-
fly (Cuterabra emasculator), Bibio albipennis, Microdon globosus, and
Trypeta pomonella.

As addenda to the Scenopinus article by Dr. Hagen, Baron Osten-
Sacken has contributed to the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for the
present month of August (vol. xxiii, p. 51—52) Noles foward the LEife-
history of Scenopinus fenestralis, in which the literature of the species is
more fully developed, and the conclusion drawn therefrom that the larva
is undoubtedly carnivorous; and that it frequents fungi, hair-mattrasses,
carpets, swallows nests, decaying wood, animal dejections, etc., not for
the sake of the animal remains or the vegetable matter, but for the larvze
or the pupz of the moths that live in them.

-Dr. Hagen also recorded the collection in Harvard College Labor-
atory. of what is probably an addition to the small number of known
marine insects, in Coleopa frigida, Fallen, raised from sea-weeds. Its
earlier stages are unknown, and the opportunity is taken to call attention
_to the absence of any collection of our knowledge of the earlier stages of
the Diptera, |

In a brief note from the same author to Entomologica Americana
(i, p. 229), the idea is advanced that in Cecidomyia ‘ubicola, O.-Sacken,
the larval breast-bone is a spinning organ, and homologous with the
labium.

—148—

Mr. D. W. Coquillet has monographed the Lomatina of North
America of the Boméyhdae, consisting of four genera, indicating one as
new, and describing five new species (Can. Ent., xviii, p. 81).

COLEOPTERA. — Dr. G. H. Horn has continued to lay us
under obligations for his valuable contributions to Coleopterology, in
descriptive, classificatory, bibliographical and critical papers, in the pages
of the Transaction of the American .ntomological Society, the Canadian
Entomologist, and Entomologica Americana. ‘Their titles are too num-
erous to permit their citation in the present paper.

Lieut. Casey has published Aew Genera and Species of Californian
Coleoptera {Extra Bulletin, California Academy of Science, vol. 1], and
a Revision of the Californian Species of Lithocharis {[Bull., No. 5, Id.].

Mr. Frederick Blanchard has given a careful paper Ox she species of
Canthon and Phanaeus of the United States, with synoptic tables of spe-
cies, bibliography, and notes on some other genera [Trans. Amer. Ent,
Soc., xll, pp. 163—172].

Mr. Charles W. Leng, is contributing to Entomologica Americana,
Synopses of Cerambycidae, accompanied with illustriations [vol. I, pp.
28 —35, 130—136; Il, p. 27—32, 60—63, 81—83, 102—103].

Other contributions to the order, which have come under my notice,
are from Messrs, F. B. Caulfield. F. Clarkson, John Hamilton, S. Hen-
shaw, A. W. Jones, Warren Knaus, C. W. Leng, A. L. Packard, E. A.
Schwarz, J. B. Smith and C. W. Strumberg.

In Entomologica Americana for July and August 1886 isa Record
of some Contributions to the Literature of North American Beetles published
wm 1885, by Samuel Henshaw, which will be found very convenient for
reference, and for which its compiler is entitled to sincere thanks.

The most generally acceptable contribution to this order made dur-
ing the year, has been the Lzs¢ of the Coleoptera of North America, North
of Mexico, by Samuel Henshaw, in which we are given the recent classi-
fication of Drs. Leconte and Horn, the large number of species describ-
ed during the preceding twelve years, together with many important
synonymical corrections. Annual supplements to the List are promised
by the author. The labor involved in the preparation of a work of this
nature, is so great, that each successive contribution of the kind, if as
meritorious as the one under notice. marks an epoch in the literature of
the order.

In the HEMIPTERA we have had the gratification of having
placed in our hands, our first Check-List. It presents a classification
which has been so long needed by the student, of the Heteroptera. and
the names of 1448 species. A debt of gratitude is due to Mr. Uhler for

—— a

—149—

its preparation, in consideration of the facility of study that it will afford,
and the ince1t ve io its prosecution.

We have the promise that a similar List of the Homoptera will fol—
low as soon as time can be found for its preparation.

The chapter on Hemiptera, in the Standard Natural History recently
published by S. E, Casino & Co., of 92 pages royal octave, is also from
Mr. Uhler, and has been, I believe, generally received as advancing our
knowledge of an order which has been much neglected in this country.

The Fourteenth Report on the Insects of Illinois, by Prof. S. A.
Forbes, State Entomologist, treats of several Hemipterous Insects, chiefly
in their economic relations,

In the Report of the Entomologist of the U.S. Department of Agri—
culture for 1885, Prof. Riley has presented a careful study of the two
broods of the Periodical Cicida, Cicada sepfendecim — the seventeen-year
(sepfendecim) and the thirte-n-year race (4edecim), which appeared in
1885 over a large extent of the country, and came together in Southern
Illinois and Northern Georgia. There is also a summary of distribution
and future appearance of all the broods (22 in number) known to occur
in the United States; also a record of experiments made in transferring
the eggs of the Northern and Southern races of the insect from one por-
tion of the country to the other, as a test ofthe influence of climate upon
the developmental period.

In the 14th Annual Report of the Geological and Natural History
Survey of Minnesota, Mr, O. W. Oesttund has contributed a Les¢ of she
Aphidiie of Minnesota, in which seventy-one species are recorded, of
which twenty—four species are described as new, and two new genera
named.

Among other contributors to the order, are Mr. Wm. Ashmead,
Prof. E. W. Claypole, and Mr. John J. Jack.

In the VEUROPTERA, Dr. Hagen has contributed the European
literature of the Hemerobius dipterus, of which twenty examples are in
collections in Europe, and four, so faras known taken in this country,
referring to this species Dr. Fitch’s type of #. delicatudus (Entomologica

Americana, li, p. 21).

Mr. J. A. Moffat has narrated some habits of a Myrmeleon larva
(Canad. Entom., xviii, p. 76).

Two elaborate papers from Dr. Hagen are additions of much im-
portance to the literature of the Pseudoneuroptera. The first is a AZoxo0-
graph of the Larher Stages of Odon ita, (in 43 pages) in which 48 species
in the subfamily of Gomphina and Cordulegastrina are described (‘T'rans.
Amer. Entomol. Soc. xii, pp. 249—291). The second is a Monograph
of the Embidina, and is apparently one of the most careful and pains-

Entomologica Americana. 21 Oct. & Nov. 1886.

taking of the erudite author’s publications. Not only is each one of the
seventeen known species minutely described (six pages in some instances
are devoted to a single species) but the history of the family is fully pre—
sented together with an extended discuss on of its characters with refer—
ence to its assignment to its proper systematic position, which is held by
the writer to be near the 7Zermitide@ (Canad. Entom, xvii, 1885. Aug.,
Sept., Oct. and Nov.).

Of writings upon the ORTHOPTERA, | find only a List of the
Orthoptera of Kansas, by Lawrence Bruner and a note on the habits of
(Ecanthus, by E. W. Allis.

A resume of our knowledge of Fossil Insects has been published by
Mr. Scudder, in a volume of 113 pages, entitled Sys/ematische Ueber-
stcht der Fossilen Myriapoden, Arachnowdeen und Insekten. t presents an
excellent and comprehensive view of our knowledge of these interesting
forms, under a systematic arrangement with definition of groups and
abundant illustration. It is understood that it will be republished in this
country,

Mr. Scudder is at present engaged upon an extensive work as it
will necessarily be, descriptive of the fossil insects taken from the wonder-
fully prolific locality, the Tertiary Lake Basin at Florissant, in Colorado—
more abundant in insect remains than any other known locality in the
world. It is thought that the first part of this work will be ready for
publication the coming year. .

‘The contributions to which we have refered in the several orders
have been descriptive, classificatory, historical, biological, histological,
anatomical and biographical. It would perhaps have been more satis-
factory if these several departments of study could have been separately
reviewed, but the time has not been found for such presentation.

In consideration of the practical importance of economic investiga-
tions, will you permit me to direct your attention to some of the work
done in this direction, which has been given to us during the year:

The Fourieenth Report on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Llir-
nois, by the State Entomologist, Prof. S. A. Forbes, is devoted to the
consideration of various insects infesting corn, wheat, grass, clover, the
maple, the elm, garden crops and orchards. A valuable appendix to this
report is a general index to the first twelve Illinois reports—of the species

of insects alphabetically and systematically arranged, their food-plants,
and the remedies treated of.

The Rport of the Entomologisi of the U.S. Department of Agricul-
lure, Prof. C. V. Riley, for the vear 1885, presents us with the latest in-
formation upon progress in Silk Culture in the United States, an ex-
tended notice of Cicada septendecim, and notices of recent injuries by five

_- ——=

—151—

other species of insects. Addenda to this report are the following: Re-
port on the Locusts of the San Joaquin Valley, Cal., by D. W. Coquillet;
Report on the abundance of the Rocky Mountain Locust, in 1885, by
Lawrence Bruner; Notes on Locusts at and about Folsom, Cal., by
Albert Koebele; Insects infest ng Fall wheat, by F. M. Webster; 3rd
Report on the Cause of the D struction of the Evergreen and other
Forest trees in Northern New England, by A. S. Packard (the lepidop-
terous insects); and Report on Experiments in Apiculture, by N. W.
McLain.

The Second Repor/ on the Injurtous and other Insecis of New Vork,
by the State Entomologist (279 pages), embraces notes of various insect
attacks; remedies and preventives for insect attacks; miscellaneous notes:
and notices of Lepid »ptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera and
Neuroptera. In the Appendix is a list, with notes, of the miscellaneous
publications of the Entomologist for the years 1882 and 1883, and re-
publication of the rare paper of Dr. Fitch on the Winter Insects of Easi-
ern New Fork.

The Report of the Entomologist to the Department of Agriculture of
the Dominion of Canada, by James Fletcher, (56 pages), is occupied with
notices of the principal insect attacks during the year 1885, upon
cereals, hay and clover, vegetables, fruits, and forest and shade trees,

A Report upon Orange Insects (227 pages) presents the investiga-
tions of Mr. H. G. Hubbard, a special agent of the Entomological Di-
vision of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, made in Florida, during
the years 1881-5. The entire insect fauna of the orange, so faras known,
is given, and the species discussed, together with the remedies and
preventives which have been found to be the most effective in their de-
struction. ‘The orange-rust is also considered, and is regarded as a con-
dition of the fruit resulting from the attack of the rust-mite, Zyphlodomus
oleivorus Ashmead.

Bulletin No. 12, of tne U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of
Entomology, (34 pages), is devoted to Experiments on various insecticide
substances, chiefly upon insects affecting garden-crops, made under the
direction of the Entomologist, by F. M. Webster, H, Osborn, and
Thomas Bennett.

Bulletin No. 9, of the same Division, just issued, is entitled, Zhe
Mulberry Silk-worm; beng a Manual of Instructions in Silk-Culture, 6
C. V. Riley, MA., Ph.D. It is a revised and enlarged edition of
Special Report No. 4 of the Division, which had been exhausted, It
contains 62 pages, a glossary of terms used, 29 figures, two plates, in
chromo-lithograph, showing silk-worms affected by Pebrine and flacherie,
and the pebrine corpuscles, after Pasteur, and an index,

Bulletin No. 12 of the same Division, also just issued, is entitled
Miscellaneous Notes on the Work of the Division of Entomology for Season
of 1885, prepared by the Entomologist. tis a pamphlet of 46 pages and
1 plate, and contains a Report on the production and manufacture of
Buhach, by D. W. Coquillet, which is full and of much value; additions
to the 3rd Report on the causes of the destruction of the evergreen and
other forests in Northern New England, by A. S. Packard; The Period-
ical Cicada in Southwestern Indiana, by Amos K. Butler; and Notes of
the year, of various insects.

The Fourth Report of the U.S. Entomological Commission, on the
Cotion Worm, by Prof. C. V. Riley, isa volume of 546 pages, carefully
indexed, and illustrated by 64 plates. Of these, 48 plates and 137 pages
are devoted to the mechanical devices for the destruction of the cotton
worm, The three chapters treating of the remedies and preventives em-
ployed in coping with the insect (70 pages), are especially valuable to
the agriculturist, as many of them would be equally available against
other insect attacks.

‘The four large octavo volumes of the Entomological Commission,
and its seven Bulletins, of nearly 3000 pages in the aggregate, 150 plates,
several hundred of wood-cuts, and a number of maps, may confidently
be appealed to in justification of the action of the General Government,
if its wisdom be questioned, in authorizing and providing for the work
of the Commission now brought to a close in its final publication.

Prof. Riley, in his Presedential Address before the Entomologial
Society of Washington, as published in the Proceedings of the Society,
has referred to some of the insect attacks which had recently come under
his observation.

An Address upon Horti.ultural Entomology (23 pages), by Prof. F.
M. Webster, before the Indiana Horticultural Society, very clearly pre-
sents the importance of insect studies to the horticulturist, who may not
to any great extent ward off insect attack by the means successfully re-
serted to by the agriculturist—by rotation of crops. It also gives com-
prehensive notice of several of the more injurious insects with which the
horticulturist must contend.

The same author has also issued a carefully prepared illustrated
paper, of 36 pages, on the /nsects affecting the Corn Crop, extracted from
the Indiana Agricultural Report for 1885. Of the fifty species of corn
insects noticed, several are accompanied with useful bibliographical lists.

Insects Injurious to the Apple, is the title ofa paper, by Prof. B. F.
Koons, extracted from the Report of the Connecticut Board of Agri-
culture, for 1885. The claims for the study of entomology are well
presented in it.

—153—

A paper upon Cut Worms, read before the New York State Agri-
cultural Society (pp. 25, figs. 20), and one entitled Some Jnjurious In-
sects of Massachusetts, read before the Massachusetts State Board of Agri-
culture, by the State Entomologist of New York, have been published in
the Annual Reports of the Societies named, and also as separates.

The Fourth Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment
Station, narrates (pp. 216—223) experiments made at the Station with
insecticides upon some of our more injurious insect pests; and contains
also, a notice of a very interesting fungus attack upon Phy/onomus
punctatus (pp, 258—262), inasmuch as it is believed to have been com-
municated through the agency of a fertilizer employed. The fungus is
named by Prof. Arthur, Botanist of the Station, Ltomophthora Phy-
fonomy.

The Fourth Report of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station,
for 1885, devotes 6 pages to experiments with insecticides, and the best
method for their application.

An Experiment in Silk Culture, by Prof. T. J, Burrill, made under
direction of the Illinois University, is published in the Proceedings of the
6th Meeting of the Society for the promotion of Agricultural Science.
The experiment terminated in the study of a contagious disease that
broke out in the larve that were being reared, which was believed to be
identical with the ffacherie of the silk worm in France, observed by
Pasteur, The disease had never been previously recorded as existing in
this country, but is now thought to have long prevailed among our nat-
ive Lepidoptera, and to have been the cause of a recent epidemic in the
Pieris rape \arve. The causes that may have led to the outbreak of
disease among the silk-worms attempted to be reared, are considered in
the paper.

In the same publication, is an abstract of a paper by Prof. C. V.
Riley, on Grasshopper Injury. A periodicity in wide-spread locust in-
juries averaging about every eleven years is accepted. It is claimed to be
possible to predict the degree of destructiveness. Thus, increasing in-
jury for the years 1886 and 1887 may be expected should the weather
favor; but even under the most favoring conditions, these injuries can
never again be so wide spread, it is asserted, as between 1874 and 1877.

Prof. S. A, Forbes, who has for some time, been paying special
attention the diseases of insects with a view of their propogation for the

- destruction of injurious species, has published in a Bulletin of the Illinois

State Laboratory of Natural History (vol. ii, pp. 257—321) an elaborate
paper entitled Studies on the Contagious Diseases of Insects. In it he dis-

—154—

cusses flacherie in the cabbage-worm, Preris rape, describing the disease
minutely, its characteristic bacteria, the evidence of its contagious nature
and of the ability of conveying it by an artificial culture of the Micro-
coccus. In the same pains-taking manner, jaundice, found associated
with flacherie in the silk-worm, by Prof. Burrill, is also discussed. /7/a-
cherie in Datana angusu is described, with its characteristic bacteria, their
artificial cultures, and contagious nature. ‘The paper concludes with a
notice of the aid rendered by muscardine in arresting wide-spread deso-
lation in forests and orchards, in Southern Illinois, in 1883. caused by
a remarkable prevalence of the forest tent caterpillar, C/isiocampa
sylvatica.

The Insects of Betula in North America, by Anna Katherina Dim-
mock, cf Cambridge, Mass., contained in Psyche, iv, pp. 239—243,
271—286, is anadmirable compilation, and may justly serve as a mode]
for similar lists. It is not a simple record of the 107 species, noticed as
feeding on Betula, but valuable notes are given upon each insect —of
development, habits, history, etc., the other plants upon which it is
known to feed. with references to authority and publication. Where the
bibliography is so extensive and of such importance as to justify it, an
entire page, of small type, is devoted to a single species. It is to be
hoped that this is but the first of a series of similar publications by the
author.

A published abstract of a paper read by Mr. Amos W. Butler, before
the American Association for the Advancement of Science at its last
meeting, on Zhe Periodical Cicada in Southeastern Indiana, gives the time
and duration of its visitation, the mode of oviposition, abundance of the
var. cassimi Fisher, in a distinct territory, the sounds produced, preva-
lence of a fungus attack, their destructions by mammals, birds and
fishes, and the comparatively slight damage resulting from the visitation.
The paper affords evidence of well-trained habits of observation in the
author.*

Dr. Hagen has communicated an interesting observation made by
him of the destruction of living trees, of the red maple, Acer rubrum,
by white ants, in Cambridge, Mass. (Canad. Ent., xvii, p, 134).

Mr. Frederick Clarkson has found, that under some circumstances
at least, the development of the oak-pruner. L/aphidion villosum, is differ-
ent form that ascribed to it by Drs. Harris and Fitch, in that the insect
may mature within its burrow as early as in the month of November

(Id., p. 188).

* The paper has been published in full, during the present month, in Bull. No.
2 of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, —Division of Entomology, pp. 24 to 31.

wn

Mr. John J. Jack reports serious injury to a crop of beans, through
an attack of an Anthomyian fly, Anthomyia angustifrons, the larva of
which attacked and destroyed the plants before they reached the surface
of the ground (Canad. Entom., xvii, 1886, p. 22).*

This form of Anthomyian attack, akin to that of the seed-corn
maggot, Anthomyia zee, may afford a solution of the frequent eating out
of the interior of melon and some other of the larger seeds beneath the
ground, by hitherto unknown enemies, which has been brought to my
notice, ;

Prof. Riley has made an interesting communication to Science (vol.
vil, p. 394), to the effect that eviseca /arquimius, one of our rarer butter-
flies, has been found to be carnivorous in its larval stage—the only
known instance of a carnivorous butterfly, and that its food consists of
plant-lice, especially of the gall-making and leaf-curling species of Pem-
phigine.

This publication solved what had been a mystery to me. A piece
of a branch of some tree, apparently an alder, was sent to me in October
last, thickly covered with the flocculent bodies of some woolly aphis,
probably a Schigcneura. It was left in the box in which received, await-
ing further notice. Upon casually opening the box early in April, to
my great surprise, a newly emerged and perfect Fenzseca tarquinius was
found therein, and the short, stout chrysalis case from which it had
escaped, and an undeveloped chrysalis, each suspended by its cremaster
from the sides of the box. How and where the larva conceals itself
during its growth, is an interesting inquiry.

Our leading Agricultural Journals are the media of no inconsider-
able amount of information of the means for controlling insect depre-
dations. ‘They furnish convenient channels through which inquiry may
be made from any portion of the Union of any unrecognized form of
attack, and an intelligent reply elicited.

Professors Riley and Cook are frequent contributors to the columns
of the Rural New Forker.

The Prairie Farmer maintains an Entomological Department,
averaging two columns weekly in extent, under the editorship of Clarence
M. Weed.

The same department in the /rui Growers Fournal, of Cobden,
Illinois, containing weekly contributions, is edited by Prof. G. H. French.

To the American Agriculturist, contributions are made and inquir-
ies answered by Prof. Riley.

* This occurence is subsequeitly noticed at greater length in Bull. No. 12, of
the Division of Entomolc gy, p. 38-39. :

A communication made to Science (May 28, 1886, pp. 481—3)
by R. I. Jackson, records a New Museum Pest in Tefsis domestica.
It had been discovered as very injurious to labels; and it is further be—
lieved to be the author of the injury often reported, to muslin curtains,
silks, etc., commonly charged upon the carpet beetle, Am/hrenus scro-
phularia, as such injuries are known to have resulted from species of
Lepisma in other countries, as well as to books, maps, papers, etc.

The Spirit of the Farm, of Nashville, Tenn.. is publishing a series
of entomological articles, by the entomological editor, Prof. E. W. Doran.

The Pacific Rural Press keeps its readers well informed of the act-
ive entomological work being prosecuted in California, in the struggle
for the preservation of the fruits of the State from the onslaught of thus
far an invincible army of scale-insects.

The New England Homestead, of Springfield, Mass,, encourages the
observation of insect habits and ae in diffusing much valuable infor-
mation in this direction,

The Country Gentleman of Albany, N. Y., receives many inquiries
of insect attacks, which are answered, often se considerable length, by
the State Entomologist of New York.

In addition to the preceding notice of the publications of our ento-
mologists, may I be permitted to,.refer to some studies of particular
interest which have been giving us during the year outside of our country
to which general attention may not have been drawn.

Recent studies of Forel, Kraepelin, Hauser and others, had placed
almost beyond question, the location of the sense of smell in insects, in
the antenne. Later the study has again been taken up by Prof. V.
Graber, of the University of Czernowitz, Austria, with results that serve
to re-open the question, and invite to further investigation.

In a late number of the Comptes-Rendus of the Societe Entomo-
logique de Belgique, his conclusion are summed up as follows:

1. The perception of odors is not confined to the antennee, for ants
and Lucilia Cesar deprived of their antennz, retained the perception.

2. The antenne are perhaps more sensitive to odors than other
parts of the body. Svpha s¢horacica deprived of its antennz, was affected
by some odors but not by some weaker ones.

3. The palpi may be more sensitive to odors than the antenne,
as will appears from some experiments made with Grylolalpa vulgaris.

4. In a large series of experiments with a Zucanus which followed
the odorous material employed, sometimes the palpi and sometimes the
antennee, were the more rapidly excited.

The perception of odors may also lie in the anal stylets, as shown

—157—

in a decapitated Pertplanaza. (This idea had been previously advanced
by Dr. Packard. Amer. Nat. iv, 1870, p. _ ).

6. Insects have no special organ of smell.

The studies of Ecner, communicated to the Vienna Academy in
1875, led to the rejection of the mosaic theory of vision in insects as
necessarily attendant upon their compound eyes, and to its replacement
by the theoretical deduction that they do not distinguish the form of
objects, but that their vision consists mainly in the perception of move-
ments and of colors. Their facetted eyes are not complete visual organs,
but simple organs of orientation.

In a subsequent communication by Plateau to the Royal Academy
of Belgium, he has presented the following conclusions drawn from
studies of Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata and Coleoptera.

In diurnal insects with compound eyes, the simple eyes offer so
little utility, that it is right to consider them as rudimentary organs,

Insects with compound eyes do not notice differences of'form exist-
ing between two light orifices, and are deceived by an excess of luminous
intensity as well as by the apparent excess of surface. In short, they do
not distinguish the form of objects, or if they do, distinguish them very
badly (Amer. Naturalist, xx, p. 69).

The structure of the halteres of Diptera has been studied by Mr, A.
B. Lee, who finds them to embrace two distinct organs, one an auditory
organ, and the other of problematical function, which may be olfactory
(Entomologische Nachrichten, for August, 1885).

Sir John Lubbock records as an instance of remarkable longevity in
ants, that two queens of Formica fusca had been kept alive by him with-
in their nests for twelve years (Contemporary Review, for Noy., 1885).

Returning to our own country, unmistakable evidence of rapid
progress in our science is to be found in the explorations by private indi-
viduals, institutions and government surveys, of almost every portion of
our country for unknown species and the prompt study of the material
obtained, by competent specialists.

Our lists of species are rapidly augmenting.

Ina paper recently read by me, not yet published, on the Presen/
Status of Entomological Science in the United Stites, 1 had occasion to
state the number (as near as could be) of the described species of North
American Insects, North of Mexico. As it contained some estimates
made for the paper, it may be of interest to present the table at the
present time.

Entomologica Americana. 22 Oct. & Nov. 1886,

—158—

Hymenoptera (Cresson’s estimate) Phytophaga 573
Entomophaga 2166
Przedores 1078
Anthophila 623 4,450

Lepidoptera; Butterflies (Edward’s List, 1884),......... 614
Moths (Grote Cheek List, 1882); .......2-.. 3,804

Tineidz (not included by Grote,
Chamibers: List, 1878),0:. sosmees 779
Diptera (Osten-Sacken’s estimate in 1878),............. 2,500
Coleoptera (Henshaw List ofe85)).)...... 225 «> «ne si sae 9,507
Hemiptera-Homoptera (Uhler estimate),............... 1,200
Heteroptera (Uhler Check List, 1886),....... 1,448
Orthoptera (Scudder estimates. e <<» asta one ieee eres 450
Neuroptera, not estimated—perhaps............. +s 242 OOe

Giving a total of 25,132

Upon former occasions when it has been my privilege to address
this Club officially, I have urged the importance of the study of the
earlier stages of our insects upon its members and upon all students in
entomology. I beg leave to repeat the recommendation in view of the
value of such study in a scientific classification, and the necessity of it in
economic investigation, for of but comparatively a small number of our
insects are the earlier stages known, and of only a few do we possess full
life-histories.

Although the Coleoptera have been the most thoroughly worked of
any of the orders, yet it will surprise some of you to learn, as it did me,
when I recently received the information from an eminent Coleopterist,
of how small a proportion are the earlier stages known.

By permission of the writer, Mr. E. A. Schwarz, I give the com-
munication addressed to me in reply to an inquiry made, in which the
information above referred to is embodied. It is of so much interest
and value, that it deserves publication:

“I have endeavored to keep track of the descriptions of Coleopterous
larvee from all countries. I herewith select at random a few of the larger
families, and do not believe that the proportion of the known larvz to
the total number of species would be materially changed if I would go
through all families. For the Chrysomelid@, unfortunately, I cannot get
at the figures without much trouble.

In Caralidae, including the Cicimdelide, there are described, in
round numbers, the larvae of 120 species representing 40 genera, out of
a total of 9300 species.

In Dytiscrde there are described 22 species representing 13 genera,
out of a total of g50 species and 35 genera.

In Aydrophilide, there are described 32 species representing 14 gen-
era, out of a total of 570 species and 30 genera.

In Sfaphilinide are described 75 species with 37 genera, out of a
total of 4136 species and 270 genera.

In Si/phide are described 25 species with g genera, out of g60 species.

In Scarabeide, are described 85 species in 40 genera, out of 6550
species.

In Buprestide are described 70 species in 20 genera, out of about
2700 species.

In Llateride, about 60 larvee described out of a total of 3100 species.

In Curculionidae, about 200 larvae described in 65 genera, out of a
total of 10150 species,

In Cerambycidae, about 150 species of larva described in about 70
genera, out of a total of 7600 species.

A summing up of the above shows that there are about goo species
of larva described, out of a total of 45,600 species, giving a proportion
of 1 to 50. Since the publication of the Munich Catalogue, the des-
cription of new species has gone on with unabated activity, while, at the
same time comparatively very few larvae have been made known. Thus
the proportion will be somewhat below two per cent. This refers to the
whole world, For the European fauna the proportion is of course con-
siderably higher, while for the North American fauna, the proportion is
but little above the average, and hardly reaches 1 to 40, including all of
the unpublished larve which are in our collections. Of the 83 families
of the North American Coleoptera, the larvee of no less than 20 families
are entirely unknown.”

In consideration of the contributions made toward the advance-
ment of entomological science through the investigations and_publica-
tions of the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture, it must be source of gratification to us all, that at no time since the
establishment of the bureau, has it been in position to render more
efficient service than at the present. The recognition of its value and
importance has drawn to it the aid and the support that it needs for its
successful operations, It is much to be regretted that just at this time,
its activity should be somewhat impaired, by the ill health of its Chief
Officer, compelling a temporary respite from official duties. 1 know that
you will unite with me in the earnest desire that the restoration of health
which he is seeking in rest abroad, may be speedy and complete.

Valuable aid to economic entomology may be confidently expected

—160—

from the “Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy”, recently
established in Washington, under charge of Dr. C. Hart Meriam, in the
investigations that are being conducted by it in the food—habits of our
insectivorous birds,

The appointment of one of the active membersand an officer of our
own club, to the assistant curatorship of the Department of Entomology
of the National Museum, under provisions that will permit of the proper
care and increase of the collections, is a gratifying event of the past year.
This Department now contains the Riley collection recently donated to
it of 15,c0o species and 115,000 specimens; the collection of the De-
partment of Agriculture of 50,000 specimens, and probably 5000 species
not in the Riley collection; the collection of the National Museum
proper, estimated at 20,000 specimens, and 2,000 species not in the other
collections; and the New Orleans Exposition exhibited collection of
economic entomology, of which a catalogue has been printed and di-
stributed.

The aggregate may be given as 200,000 mounted specimens, and
26,000 distinct species. (Sczence, November 20, 1885, vi, p. 445.)

The admirably prepared collection of Lepidoptera of Mr. Otto
Meske, of Albany, N. Y., embracing a fine exhibit of the New York
fauna, rare material from Texas and other western States, together with
an excellent representation of the European fauna, received through the
exchanges conducted for many years with Dr. A. Speyer, of Austria, has
recently been purchased by the National Museum, and is now in its
possession,

The collection of Insects of the Peabody Academy of Science, at
Salem, has been deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Cambridge. It had mainly been brought together by Prof, A. S. Pack—
ard, and contained a large proportion of his types, including all those,
(except four belonging to other entomologists) of his Monograph of
Geometrid Moths. It also contained types of other eminent ento—
mologists.

I feel that an apology is due for the length of my paper. Its excuse
must be found in the activity that has characterized entomological study
for the past year. Even in the time that I have occupied, I have only
been able to refer to some of the work done, while omitttng much _ that
is equally—perhaps more worthy of notice.

(To be continued.)

=i (jt

On the reported occurence of Leptura variicornis
in North America.

By E. A. Scuwarz,

Mr. C. A. Dohrn (‘‘Exotisches”, No. 333; Stett, Entom. Zeit. 1886
p. 191—2) recites that some years since he received from Dr. Leconte a
vial of alcoholic Coleoptera marked ‘‘Cross Lake toCumberland House’,
British America, and that among them there was a Lep/ura, which upon
comparison with Russian specimens proved to be identical ‘‘in all es-
sential points” with Z. varicornis Dalman; the only difference being in
the coloration of the antennz. In Dohrn’s American specimen the 6th
and 8th antennal joints are entirely yellow, whereas in the typical vara-
cornis they are black with a yellow basal spot. Mr. Dohrn does not con-
sider this difference as having specific importance and expresses his
astonishment at not finding Z. varicornis in any published catalogue of
North American Coleoptera.

To any one familiar with our present knowledge of the distribution
of N. A, Coleoptera it would appear highly improbable that the locality.
above mentioned should furnish a Leféura not yet represented in our
collections; it would appear still more improbable that Dr. Leconte
should have overlooked—as Mr. Dohrn seems to assume—a species new
to our fauna of the size indicated by LZ. varucornis. Thus, when Dr,
Horn (who had not yet seen the Stettiner Ent. Zeitung for 1886) recently
called my attention to the above note, I felt convinced that there must be
something wrong with Dohrn’s conclusions, Upon comparing Leconte’s
table of N. A. Lepturae (New Species, Smithson. Misc. Coll. 264, 1873,
p. 215—223) with Ganglbauer’s careful description of Z. varicornis
(Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver., Wien, XXXI, 1881, p. 704 [Dalman’s original
description not being accessible to me at present]), it became at once
evident to me that Mr. Dohrn had before him a female specimen of our
common ZL. canadensis of the form known as erythropiera Kirby. Sub-
sequent comparison of specimens with Ganglbauer’s description corrob-
orated my opinion,

To be brief, the red female of our Z. canadensis answers perfectly to
the description of varzcornis, and since we have through Mr. Dohrn an
actual comparison of specimens, there is but little doubt left of the iden-
tity of Z. varicornis with canadensis var. erylnroptera. The coloration
of the antennal joints in cazadensis is by no means constant: in the male
they are often entirely black, in the female the 6th and 8th joints are
sometimes entirely yellow or more or less tipped with black. Still, to
make certain of the identity, a comparison of the males is still necces-
sary. Strangely enough Prof, Ganglbauer does not describe that sex in

—162—.

variicornis though carefully noting the sexual differences in other Lep-
ture. Is the male of vardcormis unknown to European collections? In
the male of canadensis, which is at once known by the serrate and longer
antenne, the elytra are usually black with the base red, or they are en-
tirely black, Very rarely the red color extends beyond the middle of the
elytra. In the female the form with entirely red elytra is most common,
but specimens with entirely black or bicolored elytra are also not rare.
If the identity of the two species should be confirmed, the synony-
my, so far as it relates to the variety under consideration would stand as

follows:
Leptura canadensis Fabr. var. variicornis Dalm. erythroptera Kirby
cinnamoptera Hald.

> 0 2 ie

Lepidopterological Notes.
By Gro. D. Hutsr.

Mr. David Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., writes us; ‘‘Last year all the
Choke Cherry trees were infested with larva that webbed together the
terminal leaves on most of the long branches, completely enveloping them
with a bag. Short stumpy larvae with reddish head, and with dull green
and white limes down the body, fed inside the webs, in numbers varying
from 30 to 100. I saved quite a lot, and they emerged Aydria undulata
Linn. I now remember that was the habit of the insect on Sallow in
England.”

This is our first knowledge of the food plant of this species in this
country. It is curious that while the insect is the same as that of Europe,
the food plant there is willow.

Mr. Bruce also writes of Selewia kentaria Grt., ‘“‘it is not generally
known that this insect is double brooded. All the European species also
are The spring brood is so much larger and richer colored than the
late summer brood that the latter may be thought to be another species
as was the case with the European. ‘The larva of S. ken/aria is not un-
common on Maple and Birch in the vicinity of Brockport.

Mr. Bruce writes further that he has had Spzlosoma congrua emerge
from eggs laid last June and says ‘‘they vary exceedingly. I have some
Qs with distinct black spots on the top of the abdomen, and some j's
as nearly pure white as possible, and some well spotted.” In view of this
there remains hardly a doubt that S. antigone Streck., is a synonym of S.
congrua Walk. As istold Ento. Amer. Vol. II, p. 15, the larva is not
at all Spz/osoma like, but strictly an Arca in appearance.

Mr. Bruce yet further in his writing tells of his experience in col-

—163—

lecting this season on Willow bloom. He says (the date is April 1gth)
‘I have just come in from the wood at the back of my house, and I wish
you had been with me to see the swarms of Geometrid Moths on Sallow
blossoms. The following species were abundant Z7iphosa dubitata,
Rheumaptera 2 species, Lobophora 2 species, Lpirrifa 1 species, Hupi-
thecta 3 species, Anticlea vasiliata, Cymatophora 2 species, Hydria undu-
lata, Of Noctuids there were Thyatira pudens, Taniocampas, Calocam-
pas, 3 species, Svopelosomas, Lithophanes, and Mamestra distincta.”

—_—____ ———=»D + 2 + a

Society News.

Entomological Society of Washington. September 2, 1886. Mr. Schwarz
exhibited and explained the primary galleries made by an undescribed species
of Pityophthorus under the bark of Red Oak. The female beetle bores through
the bark and then a short distance straight downward. A long transverse gallery
crosses this vertical gallery immediately below the entrance hole. It appears
that the vertical gallery is constructed solely for the purpose of enabling the
beetle to turn around without getting on the outside of the tree. The differences
between this species (which My. 8. intends to describe as P. querciperda) and
the closely allied P. minutissimus were also pointed out.

Mr. Smith gave an account of news received from Tennessee and Virginia
where Dynastes tityus has appeared in the light of a nuisance—being so abund-
ant as to cause such a j ollution of the atmosphere that the health officers—not
knowing the true source of the odors made vigorous war fare against pools, pig-
pens and other unsavory localities,—without success of course. Mr. Lugger
stated that in the vicinity of Memphis there were thousands of stumps of trees
cut down some years since and affording an abundance of foob for the species.
He states that here the water ash is its favorite food. He states that on the shore
of Eastern Maryland he attracted the insect by bruising ash twigs—a friend
from Mexico having advised him that in that country they were so taken. Fe-
males only were attracted in that way—willow also exercised some attraction,
but to much less extent. Males had a fashion of flying into the chimneys of
cabins, and he had found remains of as many as fifty in a single deserted
cabin. Mr. Smith remarked that this seemed to prove a community of habit
between tityus and grantii, which Mr. Doll had found in Mountain ash in Ari-
zona. Mr. Schwarz mentioned a number of species of Lamellicorns having per-
ceptible odors and especially mentioned Polybrevipes which had rather a pleas-
ant smell bothas larva and pupa, but no trace of it in the imago. Mr. Lugger
stated that the odor of Dynastes was as lasting as it was disagreeable—a box con-
taining them for some, time still retained the odor, though it was fully four
years since they had been removed, the box re-papered and another family
of beetles put into it. He also mentioned that there had been some
mention of Lucanus elaphus asa pest in some parts of the country. Mr. Smith
stated that he had seen the pupa of the ,j' of this species and it had between
the anal forks the same spiral coil of intestinal or other structure that Mr.
Schaupp described and figured as present in Dorcus. There was some discus-
sion as the the nature of this coil, and it having been suggested that it might be
a parasite, Dr. Marx related that Prof. Atkinson had taken from the body of a

—164—

large Lycosa a Gordius 14 inches in length. Mr. Lugger related that from a
small specimen of Platynus cupreus he had drawn a (fordius 11 inches in length
and left a portion still in the body.

Mr. Smith described the brush of hair at the base of the abdomen in the
J of Lygranthoecia marginatu, ‘Yhere is a groove between the dorsal and ventral
portion of the basal two segments and in this lies concealed a tuft of long hair.
It is fastened to a cup-shaped membraneous dise at the base of the abdomen,
and is twisted rope like for half its length. When first forced out of the groove
and expanded there was a very strong odor, similar to thatof the parallel organs
in P. isabella and L. acrea. Mr. Schwarz, who first called attention to these
organs a year ago at Ann Arbor, confirmed Mr, Smith’s observation as to the
structure and the odor, and stated that he had succeeded in replacing a tuft into
its groove, though not so completely as it had been before being disturbed.

Mr. Schwarz exhibited a male specimen of Merope tuber Newm., (family
Panorpidz), found by him under a stone near Washington on August 22nd,
and gave a history of this anomalous and rare insect. He also exhibited two
females of Cheetocelus setosus Lec., found on July 28th in the vicinity of Wash-
ington on dead oak twigs. The only hitherto known locality for this Malachiid
beetle was Columbus, Texas. Mr. Sehwarz finally called attention to a beautiful
and undescribed variety of the common Conotrachelus anaglypticus in which the
reddish and orange colors of the pubescence are replaced by a beautiful snow-
white.

Meeting Oct. 2, 1886. — Mr. Howard read a paper on the larval habits of
Hydropsyche. He had found the larve of a species of this genus very abundant -
in Rock Creek near Washington where they were feeding upon the larve of |
Simulium. He described the webs and spoke at length on the habits.

Mr. Lugger presented a list of a small collection of Coleoptera made at
Albaca, Bahama Islands, by members of the Zoological Station of the Johns ©
Hopkins University. More than three-fourth of the species are widely distrib-
uted, occurring from the Southern States of North America through the West
Indies to South America; the few species not occurring within the United States
are known from Cuba. Messrs. Smith and Schwarz added some remarks on the
character of the insect fauna of the Bahama Islands.

Mr. Schwarz commenting on Mr. C. A. Dohrn’s publication regarding the
occurrence of Leptura variicornis Dalm. in North America, stated that Dohrn’s
Canadian specimen is no doubt a female of the common Leptura canadensis var.
erythroptera. He further criticized Mr, Fleutiaux’s attempt (Le Natwraliste, VII,
No. 41, p. 327) to revive the question of the specific distinctness of Amblychila
Piccolominii.

My. Schwarz gave a history of the spread of Crioceris asparagi within the
United States and reported its occurrence this season at Fortress Monroe, Va.
From the circumstances under which the insect was found he concluded that it
did not gradually spread along the lower Potomac through the more northern
parts of Virginia but that it had flown directly across the Bay from the opposite
shore of Virginia. Mr. Lugger corroborated this opinion by relating his obser-
vations on the spread of the Crioceris in Maryland. During the past few
seasons the species had spread rapidly southward from Baltimore along the
shores of the Chesapeake Bay.

Mr. Heidemann exhibited some Hemiptera Heteroptera which he considers
rare or new to the fauna of the District of Columbia.

—164 a—

AN EXPLANATION.

Our last number was a double one, and as this unusual issue has
caused considerable inquiry we desire to explain. Late in September
we received word that the Manuscript of the Proceedings of the Ento-
mological Club was on the way to us, and as we were desirous of getting
some of this in, we delayed the printer until its arrival. The manuscript
had been mailed by Prof. Lintner in Albany on the 4th or 5th of Octo-
ber—it was after the 20th when we received it. —By that time we had
given it up as lost, and had set the printer to work on other matter, Then,
as fate would have it, the big press met with an accident and was in the
hospital for two weeks or thereabouts. ‘The first of the month had long
passed, and we decided as the manuscript was then all at hand, to issue
a double number. ‘The accumulation of work caused by the breakage
of the press caused more delay, and finally when the proef came in it was
read in a hurry, once only—as a result more mistakes than usual crept
in, and we present a page of errata—no proofs were sent to authors and
they are not responsible for errors,

The numerous letters received by us soon after October 1st showed
how much our friends had learned to rely on the prompt appearance of
the paper, and this explanation is made to them in the hope that we
may never have occasion to make another.

Ek ALT Age

Page 138, for genns, line 7 from bottom, read genus. 5
«139, ‘* Malthodus, line 4 read Malthodes for smaller in, line 20 read
smaller than in,
** y4r, for Overthur, line 11 read Oberthiir,
«144, line 15, for 55 read 25.
Es ee ony 7 We Byles read. T. Waimea:
nt 45, ‘‘ 14, ‘* preparations ‘* preparation.
32, ‘* 1866 read 1886.
ee ee 38, “* Edward read Edwards.
Pee edo, S* p.atoz read 1, p. 92.
oe AY §° to2'read Ton.
Peet ee 1g, SSoscviin, “xvii,
se 4s e¢ 77, ** as carpet-feeder read as a ¢arpet-—feeder.
32, ‘* also read has also.
ee 34, “ Coleopa read Carlopa.
«< « —«« 36, ‘* collection read collation.
‘© 748, “ 7, ‘* Transaction read Transactions,
*« « ines 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, the brackets should be parentheses.
> “* line 22, for A. I. Packard read A. S, Packard.

—164 b—

149, ‘* 6, ‘* Casino read Cassino.

sr 6, "octave Teddioctavo:

se & go, ‘* subfamily read subfamilies.
150, © 13, % Myriapoden read Myriopoden.
151, ‘ 29, ‘* Typhlodomus read Typhlodromus.

153, ‘‘ 10, ‘* inasmuch as it read which.

“cs 37, ‘* attention the read attention to the.

fee ee propogation ‘* propagation,

154, lines 15 and 27, after species and lisher dele the comma.
** line 37, for form read from.

- last line, for No. 2 read No, 12.

155, line 4, for xvii read xviii.
s« * 25, should be followed by top paragraph of p. 156.
he ** next to bottom, for occurence read occurrence.
156, ‘* 30, for conclusion read conclusions.
se *¢ 37, ‘* will appears read would appear.
Toy, 45 4° ducner readgkixmer.
SS "0, ee tacetted readmaceted,
158, ‘* 5, ‘¢ Edward’s read Edwards’.
ce ce B® Chambre’s read Chambers’.
ce et 28, “* Carabidae © Carabide:
159, ** 6, ‘* Staphilinidee read Staphylinide.
sc 8 8, ** larva read Janvec.
Se 32) §* be source veadkassource:
160, ‘* 2, ‘* Meriam read Merriam.
** Jines 17 and 18 belong to the preceding paragraph.

163, for foob, line 25, read food.

«* —«* to much, line 30, read to a much.
ce «© Polybrevipes, line 35, read Polymechus brevipes.
«« ** some, time line 38, read some time,,.

Gis

AMERICANA

BROOKLYN, DECEMBER, 1886. NO. 9.

VOL. I.

Apparently new forms of N. American Heterocera.
By Henry Epwarps

The following species which I believe to be unrecorded, are all in
my own collection, and have many of them stood for some years without —
names. ‘There are only one or two uniques among them, and I have
confidence that they will be found to be new to our entomological fauna.

Family BOMBYCIDA.,

Daritis Thetis, Klug var. Howardi n. var.

About 2 years ago, I received from my old friend Mr. Wilson How-
ard, two specimens of this magnificent moth, which had been taken by
him in New Mexico, I have delaved its description as Mr. R. H. Stretch
promised to make a figure of it for me. He has however since then had
his time taken up with other matters, and the figure has not come to
hand. I therefore think it best to call attention to this remarkable addition
to our fauna.

The type of D. Thetis is figured by Klug in his Neue Schmett. pl.
IV, fig. 1 and 2, 1836, asan Luprepia, but Walker separated it and its
kindred species under the name of Daritis. D. Thetis is quite common
in some parts of Old Mexico, but there is considerable difference in the
form before us and it well deserves a varietal name.

The ground color of the forewings is decidedly black, and not brown asin D. The-
tis, and the stripes and bands are of a clearer white and much broader. The lower
wings have a much larger white field, owing to the narrower margin, the ground
color of which is scarlet in the place of orange with the blue lunules larger, and near-
ly touching the edge of the marginal band. he tibiz are bright citron yellow, as in
the typical form.

—T16o—

3 examples. N. Mexico. (Wilson Howard).

It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this grand addition to our
fauna, to my old and valued friend.

Euprepia caja, var. utahensis. n. var.

While collecting in Salt Lake City some two years ago, I tookat the
electric lights about 40 specimens of a form, which differs so much from
Arctit americana as to deserve to be marked by name as a good variety.
In it the white bands of the primaries are invariably very much wider than
in dA. americana, and the base of the wings is in some specimens wholly
white with three brown spots. ‘The head and collar are invariably much
redder than in the other form, while the secondaries are always pale orange
and never red as in americana. Itis indeed a more exaggerated type
of caja much whiter and paler than any European example I have seen,
and remarkably constant to its characters. One specimen however has
the collar and sides of the thorax pale yellow. It would be interesting to
trace the early stages of this strongly aberrant form, and as itis abundant

ain August, there ought to be little difficulty in so doiug.

Halisidota laqueata. n. sp.

Wings but slizhtly clothed with scales. The primaries are marked with brown
streaks between the nervules, and following their course. Those on the costa, in the
cell, and along the internal margin are the most strongly marked. The costa is pink-
ish white, and at base of internal margin is a pale pink blotch. The submarginal line
is indicated by brown dashes. ‘he secondaries are subhyaline with the margin nar—
rowly dusky. Beneath both wings are subhyaline, with the margins broadly dusky.
Antenne rather long with the shaft cream color and the pectinations ochreous, Head
black with pink streak at base of antennze extending around the eyes, and to the base
of the palp1, which are black above, cream color beneath, Collar pale crimson in
front, with the edges pink posteriorly. Tegulz striped with pink, the inner streak
being rather broad, Abdomen reddish orange, shading into crimson posteriorly, with
the anal segment black. Sides black, with the upper edge triangular on the segments,
and with a broken cream color lateral streak. ‘There are small triangular black
patches on the center of the 6th and 7th segments above. Beneath the abdomen is
sordid white, with the 2 anal segments black. ‘The tibize are cream color without,
rosy within, the fore pair with a blackish blotch, Tarsi dull cream color.

1 Q, Texas. Coll. D. Bruce.

Expanse of wings. 48, mm.

An exquisite species, widely differing from any other in our fauna.

Nelphe carolina, n. sp.

Primaries sordid white, with olivaceous markings. Theseare arranged in a ser-
ies of spots, mostly oblong in shape, and placed between the nervures: those across
the middle of the wing and the cell being the largest, giving the wing a somewhat tes-
selated appearance. The nervures are also olivaceous, the costal region being the
same color but of a paler shade than the spots, of which three on the costa are quite
conspicuous, ‘Lhere are cuneate olivaceous dashes between the nervures on the mar-
vin, Secondaries slightly hyaline. with the border narrowly olivaceous, Thorax

—167—

also streaked with two olive shades. Abdomen dull yellow on the posterior half, the
base and dorsal streak being olivaceous. Beneath the markings of the primaries are
more confused, the margins of the wing and some spots in the center being pale.
Secondaries same as on upper side. The feet and legs are stone drab, with blackish
_ blotches.

Exp. wings 31, mm. Length of body 12, mm. 3 examples <j,
©. Indian River, Florida.

I place this curious insect in H. SchaeTer’s genus at the suggestion
of Mr. Grote. It is however remarsably like a small Hadisidosa.

Ichthyura bifiria n, sp.

Closely allied to I. brucei, Hy. Edw. but still widely differing in imporiant par—
ticulars. The general color is a bright silver gray, the white lines all very clearly de-
fined, and the brown shades very strongly contrasted. Tbe basal line is slightly ob-
lique with a sharp tooth in the middle. ‘The second line is nearly straight, joining
the third, (which is oblique) exactly in the middle. The third line runs sharply toa
space 2 mm. from the internal margin, where it is joined by the fourth line, which
is sinuate, and opens into a white dentate triangular mark 4 mm, from the apex.
There is a dark brown cloud surrounding this fourth line in the costal region, and
the line is edged with reddish brown posteriorily, another brown cloud at the junc-
tion of the third and fourth line, a submarginal broken line of black spots, and nu-—
merous blackish irrorations over the whole surface. Behind the brown sub apical!
cloud is a whitish shade. Secondaries silver gray with blackish scales over the whole
surface. Thorax with central brown tuft narrow and extending over the front of the
head. Abdomen silver gray, grizzled with black. Under side wholly darker gray,
with blackish scales, and the white sub-apical streak very distinct. Shaft of anten—
nz white, pectinations fawn color. The anal tufi is tipped with dark brown, and
the orbits of the eyes are surrounded by a dark shading of the -ame color,

Ex. wings, 28 mm. Length of body, 16 mm,
Soda Springs, Shasta Co., Cal. J. Behrens,

Gluphisia severa. n. sp.

Q. Base of the primaries blackish gray as far as the t. a. line, bnt covered
thickly with black scales, ana the basal half line distinctly black. The t. a. line is
broad, velvety black, not quite reaching the costa, and is preceed.d by a whitish
shade. The t. p. line is dentate; whitish, more oblique than the t. a., which turns
abruptly at a right angle just as it reaches the costa. The median space is velvety
black, varied with dull gray and ches'nut brown, the latter about the anterior por-
tion, At the posterior end of the cell is an ochreous dash. Margins of the wing
broadly gray with olivaceous dashes, and blackish irrorations, Fringe gray mottled
with brown and olive. Secondaries smoky white, passing into dusky toward the
margins with slightly waved median band, and a black anal spot broken up with
gray. Thorax gray. Abdomen brown, mottled with gray. Beneath, the surface is
wholly gray, with the bands and markings geminate, and darker than the ground
color. There is no trace of the black, so conspicuous in the median space of the
upper side, and the color is far lighter.

Exp. wings, 45mm. Length of body, 17 mm.

1 Q. Soda Springs. Shasta Co., Cal. J. Behrens.

I place this fine insect, (which is utterly unhke anything
I have ever before seen, provisionally in the genus G/uphisia,

kOe

though I believe that, together with G, Wright, (with which the present
species is congeneric) they should form the types of a new genus. The
head which is small, is deeply imbedded in the thorax, and is concealed
by the hairy front. The antennal structure is very peculiar, the
shaft bearing pectinations only for its terminal third the rest being
simple, but covered with long scales. The tibiae are very densely clothed
with long hairs, and the tarsi, which are very short even for the Bomby-
cide, are covered with long scales. The abdomen is stout and very
hairy, and extends a little beyond the hind wings. Itis perhaps wrong to
found a genus only upon one sex, and I prefer therefore that this interest-
ing species should remain temporarily in the genus to which it appears
to me to be most closely related.

Eggs. Two eggs which I found attached to the abdomen are flattened
at their base, circular, of a dull amber color, with the apex slighly paler,
‘Their diameter is about one mm.

Pheosia Portlandia, n. sp.

In this form, which appeass to be widely separated from either of those in
Grote’s Check List, the whole of the insect is very much darker in color, in addition
to gaeat difference in the markings. I have a ¢{ and Q quite agreeing with each
other, and feel confident that we have to do with a new species. In the <j’ the prim-
aries are very dark smoky brown, almost black on the costal third, with a light
smoke colored cloud near the apex. From the middle of the base to about the third
of the internal margin runs a black velvety line, edged inwardly with white, and rest-
ing upon a distinct white angular streak. Inside of this streak, the base is fawn-col—
or, The middle of the internal margin is produced as in the others of the group, and
s brown black. The posterior margin is shaded with whitish, though this shading
is obsolete before reaching the costa. ‘Phe nervules are darker than the gronnd color.
Secondaries smoky, palest on disk, and darkest at the anal angle, where there is a
biackish patch, with a few white scales. Beneath, the whole wings dusky with whit-
ish patches on the costa and at the apex of the primaries. On the secondaries is a
faint trace of a paler median band. Thorax blackish brown, with a few white scales
at the sides. Abdomen smoky drab. Exp. wings, 50 mm. Length of body, 18
mm. ©. A little lighter in color than the <j especially on the secondaries. The
white lines, and the whitish patches are more clear than in the other sex, and there is
a white blotch on the costa, near the apical third. ‘The center of secondaries becomes
a sordid white, and the lower side has the median pale band, common to both wings,
lighter than in the gj’. In other respects there is litule-difference in the sexes.

Exp. wings, 54, mm. Length of body. 24, mm.
J. y. Taken at light, at Portland, Oregon, by Mr. James Behrens.
Fam. NOCTUIDAE.
Raphia pallula, n. sp.

Ground color of primaries yellowish fawn-color, considerably obscured by black
irrorations, the lines being only faintly determined. The basal line is broadly sha—
ded with black, a black shade at base of internal margin, and two black triangular
blotches on the costa. The t. a. line is almost obsolete, and the t. p. line very faint,

—169—

but easily distinguishable. It is waved outwardly in the middle, as in R. frater, and
is similar in shape to the same line in that species. Thereniform and subreniform are
wanting. The posterior margin is flecked with black and white, the extreme margin-
al line consisting of black lunules. In the median space are some whitish shades.
Fringe grizzled with white and black. The secondaries are sordid white, with a
marginal row of black lunules, and some small black irrorations scattered over the
sub-marginal surface. Head, collar, and disk of thorax grizzled black and white
Tegule yellow fawn colur, edged with black and white. Abdomen brownish, with
the tufts grizzled. Beneath the wings are pale drab, with blackish flecks, and faint
blackish discal spots, the margins showing the blackish lunules. Feet and legs fawn
color, spotted with gray and black,

Exp. wings 36,mm. 2 9. Siskiyou Co. Cal. (J. Behrens).

The coloring of this apparently rare species, is very peculiar and will
serve to distinguish it from any other form.

Apatela Americana, var. obscura. s. var.

A very dark form in which the primaries are a much duller and dark-
er gray than the tyye, the lines being thus rendered less distinct, and the
secondaries being wholly dull smoky brown, the median waved band be-
ing lost in the deeper shade of the ground color. Common at Kansas
City, Mo. in August, and there apparently replacing the paler northern
form,

Perigea fasciata, n. sp.

Light stone-color, with whitish and fawn shades. Base dull sordid white, enclos-
ing the basal and t. a, lines both of which are but faintly shown, -The latter passes
straight across the wing without any dentation. Between it, and the t. p. line isa
rather broad whitish space. The t. p. is dark, and rather broadly edged with a
brownish fascia, behind which are some fawn-colored shades. Sub-marginal line
dark brown, with white scales intermixed, and at internal angle, a rather clear white
spot. Fringes alternately brown and white. Secondaries pale drab at the base,
clouded rather broadly on the margin, more so in the Q than in the <j. Underside
dull sordid white clouded on the margins, with darker discal spot, a common median
line, and some triangular marks along the costa of primaries. Thorax and abdomen
concolorous.

Exp. wings (', 21, mm. Q, 26, mm.
Several examples. Colorado desert. (R. H. Stretch. )

Deva morigera, n. sp.

General color fawn drab, mottled with darker shades. The primaries have a
slight golden sheen. From the base runs a double white, rather broad line touching
the median nerve at the forward end of the cell, and here surmounted by a triangu—
lar double white line, the apex of which does not quite reach the costa, but rests on
the subcostal nerve. From this triangular mark which encloses a brown space, the
broad line runs a little obliquely inwardly until it reaches the somewhat waved white
posterior line, This latter has a double tooth near the internal margin, and is then
nearly straight to the apical region, where it is lost in a clear white cloud. The pos-
terior space is richly shaded with brown, and the same color is apparent in the mid—

dle of the wing broken only by the double whitish line. The margin is brown, pass—
ing into whitish at the internal angle. Fringedull whitish, mottled with brown. Sec-
ondaries dull fawn-color, with faint median band. Beneath, the wings are fawn drab
with darker shadings, and with the bands very apparent. Thorax fawn drab, edges
of the collar and tegule marked with white. Abdomen and legs fawn drab above
and below.

Exp. wings, 32 mm, 1 Q. Colorado. (D_ Bruce.)

I place this beautiful insect, (a fine example of which I owe to the kindness
of my friend Mr. Bruce) in the sub-genus, Deva, Walker, as in shape and
general appearance it bears great resemblance to the well-known JD, fur-
purigera, In the present species however, the palpi are very long, the ter-
minal article being broad and flattened, with long hairs. In the other
two N. American species of Deva the palpi are somewhat shorter than in
this, though considerably longer than those of P/usza proper and it was
mainly upon this character that Walker founded his genus, the validity
of which has been accepted by Mr. Grote. The thoracic tufts also are
flatter and more spreading. If Deva be allowed to standas a genus distinct
from Plusia, the European P/usia monefa must be removed to it.

Plusia vaccinii, n. sp.

Size of P. u-awreum, with the same style of clouded markings on the primaries,
The lines are however, straighter, and not so deeply dentate as in that species and
there is a marked difference in the shape of the metallic spot. In the present form
it is obtusely triangular, and seperated by a rather wide interval from a small round
dot. The ground color of the wing is also paler towards the internal angle. ‘The
secondaries are paler, more inclining to fawn-color on the disk, with a faint median
band, and the margins broadly dusky.

We owe the discovery of this species to Mr. Roland Thaxter, who
took it on Mt, Washington. N. H., in July, and also raised it from the
larva found by him feeding upon a species of Vaccinium. Mr. Thaxter
states that it is diurnal in its habits, and that it flies among the rocks
near the summit of the mountain. It is at Mr. Thaxter’s suggestion that
I name the species after its food-plant.

Plusia california. Geyer.

Some exquisite specimens ofa variation of this species, in which
the median space is largely suffused with bright reddish brown, giving a
different appearance from the typical form, have been taken by Mr. D.
Bruce and myself in Colorado and California. ‘To distinguish it, I pro-
pose for it the varietal name of P. russea, n. var.

I may here mention that, with reference th the wide distribution of
species of P/usia, I have in my collection examples of P. d:/oba, Steph.
from Mexico, California, and Bogota, and of P. verruca, Fab. from
Venezuela and Brazil.

Phoberia indiscreta, n. sp.
Whole upper surface, light fawn-drab. Basal half line of primaries reduced to

two round blackish dots. T. a. line nearly straight, very slightly waved on the
costa. T. p. line nearly obsolete. Reniform pale in front, with blackish longitudinal
dash posteriorly and connected with a dark shade reaching to internal margin. Mar-
gins of wing rather deeply notched, with black dots at the extremity of the nervules.

Secondaries a trifle paler towards the base. Underside wholly pale fawn color,
with black irrorations, and rather large discal spots on primaries. Fringes as well
as the thorax and abdomen concolorous with the wings,

Exp. wings, 42 mm.

1Q. Havilah, Kern Co., Cal., (R. H. Stretch).

I think this form is rightly placed, though I had formerly regarded
it as near Synedorda. Indeed, I think |S. valens, Hy. Edwards, should
also find its position here. It is probable that the examination of these
two species led Mr. Grote to place the latter genus near to Zoxocampa.

Pleonectyptera obliqualis, n. sp.

Very pale fawn drab, with a pinkish tinge. The anterior line is discontinued a
little beyond the middle, while the posterior is perfectly straight, and goes obliquely
to the costa at about 3 mm. from the apex. Both these lines are bright chestnut
brown, thouzh slightly indistinct, the space between them being paler than the rest
of the wing. The submarginal line is composed of a broken series of dark brown
dots, and there are also brown dots at the ends of the nervules. The secondaries
have a faint indication of a median band. Beneath, both wings are stained with red—
dish, particularly towards the margins, and the lower side of the abdomen, tibiae and
tarsi are marked with the same color,

Exp. wings, 21 mm,, 1°‘, Texas, (Belfrage. )

Fam. PYRALIDZ.

Prorasea brunneogrisea. n. sp.

Primaries shaded with white and brown, The whole of the base and the costal
region very widely whitish, the white becoming clearer as it approaches the apex.
There are two oblique dashes of brown on costa at the apical third, and some streaks
of brown are intermingled with the white ground color. The posterior margin is
broadly brownish, and this color extends along the internal margin, but stops short
within 2 mm, of the base. In the brown cloud at the internal angle is a faint den-
tate white line. This may represent the t. p. line. The submarginal line, is incom-
plete, whitish, lost before the middle, while the t. a. line is very oblique from a point
2 mm. from the base, straight until it reaches the median nervure, thence in an
opposite direction towards the costa, forming an acute angle at the cell, and again
acutely angular to the costa. The lower wings are silver drab, with a darker mar—
gin, the fringe with a dark line, and an oblong dark patch between veins 3 and 4,
which is edged above and below with white. Beneath the color is pale fawn drab,
with the margins and fringes darker, and with a darker oblique blotch on the costa
near the apex. Thorax mixed with brown and white. Abdomen and legs fawn
color,

Exp. wings, 26 mm., 1 <j, Prescot, Arizona.
More decided in its markings than any other species of the genus,
the shades of color being more strongly contrasted, and the lines less ap-

parent. The wings are also narrower than those of P. simalis.

—172——

Proceedings of the Entomological Club*of the A. AvAtS:

(Continued from page 160.)

ee

Dr. D. S. Kellicott on behalf of the Buffalo Society of Natural His-
tory placed the rooms of the Society at the disposal of the club and ten-
dered the members a cordial welcome to the City,

On motion the Secretary was requested to furnish Mr. J. B. Smith
with a copy of the minutes of the meeting for publication in Entomolo-
gica Americana.

Prof, Wm. Saunders stated that he had recently met Prof. Riley in
England and was glad to be able to say that his health was much im-
proved.

Prof, J. H. Comstock of Ithaca explained a new method of arran-
ging Entomological collections so as to avoid loss of time in making
necessary changes in their arrangements.

A communication of this plan had been sent to Science and ap-
peared in Number 108, Vol. V, Feb. 27th, 188s.

This plan, based on the same principle as the Slip System of keep-
ing notes, consists of a series of movable blocks of various sizes, but so
adapted to a standard size that the case can always be filled with these
blocks on which the insects are pinned, the idea being to fasten in each
case. all the specimens illustrating’ a single species upon a single block:
where addition or change is desirable a fresh block can be inserted with-
out disturbing the specimens and the end block transferred to the next
case,

Prof. Comstock also exhibited some square flat glass phials he had
imported for preserving larvae: the mouth of which is on the upper side
so as to prevent the escape of alcohol. Slips of white card of the
same width but somewhat longer than the phial are glued to the under
side, and the protruding ends are pinned to the bottom of the case in
which they are kept and thus their proper position is maintained,

Arrangements were made for the future meeting of the Club at the
High School, in which the meetings of the A, A. A. S. are held.

Mr O. Reinecke of Buffalo gave the members a cordial invitation to
visit him on the following afternoon and examine his collection of Coleop-
tera.

The meeting then adjourned subject to the call of the President.

Thursday Aug, 19, 1886.—The Club met at g A. M. in room No.
6 of the High School; The President in the chair; 10 persons present,

—173—

The following were then nominated and elected officers of the Club
for the ensuing vear.

President, Prof. J. [. Comstock, Ithaca, N. Y.
Vice President, Prom 7A. Forbes; Champaign, II],
Secretary, Mr. E. Baynes Reed, London, Canada.

Prof Forbes submitted a few notes on the life history of insects in-

ij jurious to agriculture, which he had been cultivating, Among these are

| ihe Hessian fly, the wheat-bulb worm, the common wire worms, the cur-

| rant worm, the corn-root worm, and the corn-plant louse. | Concerning

~ the latter insect, one of the worst infesting corn, he announced an espec-
ially important observation, showing that Indian corn may be protected
against it by a regular and frequent rotation of crops.

An account was first given of an irregular and unequally retarded
metamorphosis of Nematus veniricosus,—a homogeneous lot of half-
grown larvz collected early in May emerging partly in June and July of
the same year, and partly in April and May of the year following.

A detailed description was given of the earth-nest of Crambus zeelle .,
and of the method and character of the injury done to corn by this spec-
ies. This Crambus hibernates as a larva, pupates within its tubular nest
in June, and emerges in June and July. It is commonly a grass insect,
—corn infested being almost invariably on sod. The larva is attacked
by a Microgasier and by a Zachma fly. It is easily killed by kerosene
emulsion poured on the earth containing it, and would probably be poi-
soned by Paris green dusted upon the lower corn blades.

The larva of Cramébus exsicca/us was this year also found injurious
to corn planted on old grass land,

The Hessian fly (Cecidomyia destructor) has lately been found to i
bernate sometimes, in Southern Illinois, as a naked white larva, not
forming the puparium until the following May? and then emerging be-
fore harvest, as far as known. ‘These naked winter larvae are believed to
be the offspring of a midsummer brood which develops i in, volunteer

< 5

wheat, and yields the imago early in autumn. * §°P-/48)2, 4

The clover seed midge (Cecidomyia legumini.ola) was observed in IIl.
as early as 1879, a fact which makes its eastern origin doubtful. A new
chalcid parasite (Ze/rasfchus) of the larva was reported; but its worst en-
emy so far observed in 7riphleps insidiosus. ‘The young of this species
are often so abundant on the clover heads as to be mistaken for the au-
thors of the injury to clover; but experiments showed that they attack
the midge larvee promptly and soon destroy it by piercing the body and
ucking the blood.
Some observations of the summer indicate that J/eromyza americana

Entomologica Americana. . 24 . December 1886,

is three-brooded, instead of merely two-brooded as has been heretofore
supposed. Eggs and half grown larva were found in abundance on
young wheat August 4.

Two species of Melunotus (MW. communis, and cribulosus) were bred
to the imago, with a third elaterid as yet undetermined, and figures and
precise descriptions of the immature stages of these species have been
prepared. Larva of all these species, of Agrio/es mancus, and of a Car-
diophorus, were reported as injurious to Indian corn;—the latter very pe-
culiar larva boring the roots in all directions, in sandy soil in Southern
Illinois. ‘hese larvae were apparently full grown June 24, but no pupa
were found. J/elanolus cribulosus pupates in July, and forms the imago
hy September, but in the Laboratory experiments did not emerge from
the ground until the following spring.

‘be extention southward of observed injuries by the corn root worm
(Diabrotica longicornis) was next reported, fields having been seriously
injured in extrerne Southern Illinois, where water had stood for three
weeks in the spring. ‘That this, now possibly the worst of the corn in-
sects in Illinois, was rare in that region twenty years ago, seems implied
by a remark of Walsh in the Practical Entomologist (Vol. II., p. 10,) to
the effect that he had taken three specimens on flowers in Illinois many
years before.

The common pale flea beetle (Sys/ena d/anda) usually feeding as an
imayo on leaves of Xanthium sfrumarium, was bred this year from slender
white larvae feeding on kernels of sprouting corn in the earth—specimens
collected May 17 pupating May 26—June 10 and emerging June 17.

Epicerus imbricatus feeds on leaves of pear in May (imagos appar—
ently emerging from the ground,) and lays its eggs in a single layer on
the leaves, afterwards concealing them by gumming the leaves together
by their opposed surfaces.

The larva of Sphenophorus parvulus was discovered to infest the roots
of meadow grasses (Timothy) hollowing out the bulbs from beneath.
These larvae (not heretofore identified) pupated after July 21, and had
formed the imago by September 24. A serious injury to hay, in South.
ern Illinois, was attributable to this insect—a large percentage of the
stalks, and even whole stools, being killed by the destruction of the
roots. ‘lhe imago sucks the sap from stems of wheat and corn.

E-mpoa albcpicla, Forbes, was described in September. 1853, by Dr.
Wm. LeBaron in the **Prairie Farmer’ of Chicago, under the name of
Telligonia mali, but as the name, published in an agricultural newspaper,
was never afterwards used by entomologists, it should probably be ignor-
ed. The species hibernates as an adult, lays its eggs in early summer
upon the apple, and is apparently confined to that plant when young.

—t75—

Later it is found on vegetation in great variety.

It is now apparent that the corn plant louse (Aphis mardis) takes
its earliest start in spring only in fields in corn the vear before; but it
may very rapidly mature a winged brood of root lice (in one case in sev-
en davs from the planting of the field,) by means of which adjacent fields
mar be stocked. Laboratory experiments and field observations indicate
that the root lice are strictly dependent on the ant, Zasvus adinus, which
mines along the principal roots of the corn. collects the plant lice, and
conveys them into these burrows, and there watches and protects them.
‘These ants have nothing to do with the hibernation ofthe lice, their winter
nests never containing them in any form, either in cornfields or in other
situations. The facts indicate that the lice hibernate as wingless females
in the earth of fields previously infested.

Specimens of the various larvee were exhibited preserved in spirit.

Several remarks were made on the retarded development of insects.

Rev. C. J. S. Bethune of Port Hope, Ont. instanced the same
habit which had recently come under his notice in breeding, A. Prom-
ethea.

Prof. Forbes in speaking of the attacks of insects remarked that there
seemed to be a relation between the presence of the insect and the sup-
ply of fruit.

The President asked if Prof. Forbes had found the terminal segments
vf wire worms of any value in determining generic distinctions,

Prof Forbes thought that they could not be relied on as_ of specific
value, but might be of genetic importance.

Prof. L. M. Underwood of Syracuse exhibited a new species of
Phrynus sent him from Key West: according to Packard; ‘‘Phrynus is
at once known by the excessively long whip multiarticulate forelegs
which apparently perform the office of antennz; the body is short and
broad and has no appendage to the abdomen.”

Various specimens of interest were exhibited by Mr. J. A Moffatt
of Hamilton, Ont., and Rev. C. J. S. Bethune of Port Hope, Ont.

On motion the club adjourned to meet at g a.m. the following
morming in the same place.

Friday, August 20th, 1886. The club met pursuant to adjourn-
ment atga.m. Prof. Lintner in the chair, 11 members present, Prof.
Forbes read the following paper:

A Contribution to the Life History of Aphis maidis, Fitch.
By H. Garman.

In studying the life history of the corn plant louse at the beginning

of the summer of 1885, a large frame was erected out of doors and so

‘ —176—

enclosed as to exclude insects from without and to prevent those within
from escaping. In this inclosed frame three hills of field corn were
planted, and on their appearance above ground one of them was stocked
with a colony of Zaseus alenus Forst., the small ant which habitually at-
tends the root form of this plant-louse. The ants made themselves quar-
ters about the roots of the corn, and on the rgth of July a number of
wingless viviparous female lice with their voung and one pupa _ were
placed within reach of the ants and were at once carried to the roots of
the corn by the latter. On the 22d of July other root lice, wingless and
winged, were placed near the stocked plants and were also carried to the
rovts. With a view to learning whether or not root lice would of them-
selves make their way to the roots of corn, on July 22d, and subsequent-
lv, many specimens were placed at the base of one of the hills not col-
onized with ants, They always disappeared, but could not be found
afterwards on the roots. The plants with which they were placed con-
tinued to grow as well as the third hill under the cover which from the
first had not been disturbed, and at the close of the summer careful
search did not disclose lice on the roots. The injurious effect of the
lice on the infested plants was soon noticeable in their smaller size and
less vigorous growth, At various times during the summer the burrows
of the ants along the roots were uncovered, revealing each time the
presence of lice. From July 23rd until the first pf August winged lice
came from these burrows and were sometimes found on the blades ot
corn but more frequently on the inside of the enclosing cloth of the
frame. ‘These winged individuals showed ne disposition to establish col-
omies on the blades of corn, but on the contrary seemed desirous of
leaving the plants as soon as possible. All were viviparous females and
in several cases confined upon the plants, although sometimes inserting
the beak and feeding, they died with the ovaries filled with young. The
migration of winged lice from the ground was observed at the same time
in neighboring fields where on the 27th of July many of these winged
lice, chiefly dead, were found on the blades, A careful search of the
roots made at the same time showed that the root form was now rare in
situations in which it bad done most injury in the spring. Root lice
were observed on the enclosed corn until the latter part of August, but
were not again uncovered until October 7, the ants in the meantime
being constantly observed running in and out. On the morning of
October 7th, the infested plants were dug up carefully and carried in
doors for careful examination and upon one of the roots which had
several times during the season been found to support plant lice was
found a small colony of oviparous females, tne only egg-laying example

=i i. i . 2

y

of the species which up to the time had been seen, They bear a close
resemblance to the more common viviparous female of the root form ag
the following description will show:—

The oviparous Female Aphis mardis (root form),—General color dull
green; body covered with 'a glaucous bloom. Above, head dusky,
prothorax chiefly dusky, the three succeeding segments each with a
thedian transverse dusky blotch, all the segments behind the prothorax
with a marginal and submarginal series of dusky specks on each
side, Below, head and prothorax dusky, two dark spots outside the
coxa of the middle leg, a'dusky line before the coxa of the hind leg, ab-
dominal segments with two series of dusky specks on each side and -a
pair of dark spots before the cauda. Antenne, two basal articles, third
and fourth at tips and fifth and -sixth' chiefly dusky. Eye brownish ' ‘red:
Rostrum dusky. Anterior and ‘middle légs'with the ‘cox, femora ex
cept at bases, tibia at tips and tarsi except bases dusky. Posterior leg,
excepting the extreme base of the femur, black: Cornicles black. Cauda
with black border. Body stout, its greatest width at about the middle.
Outline of front seen from above incurved ''medially. Antenna with
first and second articles equal in length, the first stoutest; third article
about equal in length to the fourth and fifth together, the latter nearly
equal in length and similar in form; basal part of sixth ‘article shorter
than the distal part, about equal to the fifth in length. Cornicles_ short,
not at all swollen at the middle. The limbs and the cauda have’ the
usual slight pubescence of members of the genus Aphis. Length ‘of
body 2.27 mm.; Width of body 1.20 mm.; Antenna .80 mm.; Cormiicle
.20mm. Perfectly developed eggs taken from the ovaries are oval ' iti
shape, pale ‘yellow in color and measure about .73 mm. In addition to
the discovery of the oviparous female of the root form another interesting
fact in the life history was observed during the season. _A careful look-
Out was kept for any tendency of the plant lice both within and outside
the enclosed frame to breed on plants other than corn, and on the 30th
of August indubitable Apfzs mardis of the aerial form were found not un-
common in places on voung grasses which later proved to be ‘Panicum.
After this date they were repeatedly found on the grass. All those ex-
amined from the grasses were apterous viviporous females and young.

Prof. Furbes in reply to a question -stated that ants were in the
habit of collecting aphides and stowing them in their nests eh winter use.

The following paper was then read:

A Dangerless, Vegetable Insecticide for Collecting Bottles.
W. L. Devereaux, Clyde, N. Y.

Instructions on collecting insects even in recent important works
like Appleton’s series, advise the use of chloroform for killing insects,

Others suggest benzine, camphor or ether, which serve, while worrving
to death the insect, to worry away the interest of the beginner. Cyanide
of Potassium has long since been relied on by entomologists as the only
satisfactory collectors insecticide, and, used intelligently and with care,
itis a very gratifying agent. Yet there is lurking danger in its action
as a cumulative poison with persons who use it in extensive collecting.
Setting insects fresh from it, brings a modicum to the inhaled breath.
A taxidermist who poisoned an owl with a grain of cyanide was prostrated
seriously for several days, by the fumes which arose from the flesh when
skinning the bird. I believe some <ntomologists have suffered impair-
ment of health from this compound. Photographers were injured by its
use and that profession is very much relieved to day by the supercedence
of this by other chemicals,

It has been deplored that we have not the laurel; the young leaves
of which are so much in use by European Entomologists. The ‘‘laurel
bottle” seems to be a reliable and of course a much more safe one,
especially for young collectors than the Cyanide bottle.

We have no species of the genus Laurus like the camphor tree,
sweet bay and others. Our American laurel is the Kalmia latifola.
Both this and the mock orange are said to be poisonous to the live stock.
[ have experimented with both these without success. The peach and
almond pit abound with the order of cyanogen, also our wild cherry
species, (foliage) and I agree with Mr. Fletcher of Ottawa, Ont., who
stated at the Ontario Society, in 1884 that their young leaves killed in-
sects but soon became mouldy and inoperative. It is the inner bark
of the wild cherry Prunus sero/ina which | find to be a superior substi-
tute for the laurel, and the European laurel is indeed a cherry, Prunus
lauro cerasus, and nota laurel at all. ‘The bark (serotina) derives its
power like the cherry laurel, from its content of Hydrocyanic or prussic
acid, and it is the same old cyanic insecticide, but it is in a natural and
also dilute form, Hence I assert the importance of the wild cherry bark
for use where children are taught Entomology and are expected to col-
lect examples and pursue the science practically. For the expert col-
lector it is useful for all insects but the most tenacious of life. Insects
immersed in the Serofma odor are exempt that ‘‘greasing” happening in
cyanide especially that submerged in plaster of paris. Mr. A. S. Fuller's
plan of holding the Cyanide down with a piece of tightly fitting paste-
board is cleanlier. The Wild Cherry or Serof#ma bark is abundant
everywhere in almost all collecting grounds. Its content of Prussic acid
has long been known, but I am not aware that entomologists have used
it. I venture it contains a larger percentage than is found in any other
vegetable form. (Hither the cherry laurel leaf or the mock orange (/.

——179—

carolina) leaf.) On good chemical authority it is placed as high «
-1436 per cent or 7 grains of hydrocyanic acid in 100 gr. of bark, or)
drops of acid. The bark fluctuates some in strength, in the Season,
I think Rev. J. C. Wood, (in Insects at Home), overrates the laurel be
tle, in stating the largest and fiercest beetle laid, quivering in one secon
In treating of Blaps sulcata he shows the ineffectiveness of it, and advis.
hot water. A beetle does not “take off” in a second, in the strong
cyanide. <A large Pverostichus of the Peryphus section requires 21
minutes! Chauliognathus americanus % m., Pterostichus stygicus |
minutes ! Megil/a maculata 1 minute; Chrysochus auratus 4 minute
Anomoglossus emarginatus 1+ minutes; Pzeris rapae } minure; Hou:
fly 25 seconds; Strachio histrionica } minute. ‘These are given as fe
examples of comparison, Very often the bark seems to overcome to th
last quiver of trophi and tarsi as quick as cyanide; but usually it tak’
double the time: thus with a larger locust Calopienus Semur-rubrun
Cyanide took 2} minutes, and bark 5 minutes. This bark may mei
trial as a practical insecticide for garden and farm. It is useless to kill fli
caught in traps. It is here presented as preferable to Cyanide, for speci
uses, Cyanide potassa, or its acid, is the swiftest of all poisons, operati1}
against vegetable, as well as all animated life, except the equine quadi
peds perhaps.
The Secretary called attention to the number of ‘‘Gordius” he ha)
observed yesterday at the waters edge at the Falconwood Club ground)
Prof. Forbes stated that e similar hairworm, J/ermis, had undoub!
edly lessened the numbers of grasshoppers in Illinois.

Mr. Ph. Fischer of Buffalo, exhibited a fresh specimen of Cafoca.
obscura he had just taken, and observed it was the first record of its caj

ture at Buffalo, |

The President called attention to the unusual number of aphides i}
the State of New York, the present season, which had been more abu)
dant than ever before observed by him; he had observed them on tl
Apple, black currant, tomato and potato, the latter more especially i
the Eastern States; he had not hitherto noticed them on the tomato «
potato. ‘The Hop crop was almost a complete failure in New Yo
State from the attacks of these peste.

Rev. C, J. S. Bethune, reported their prevalence in great numbe
on the North Shore of Lake Ontario.

Prof. Forbes stated that his section of country was rather free fro}
these pests.

Mr. Bethune asked if there was any affinity between ‘the ae .
the wild cherry and that of the hop.

The President stated that the European Entomologists had come

—1$0—

the conclusion of the two forms were identical,

None of the members present had observed the aphides on the
tomato or potato as reported by the president.

Mr, Ph. Fischer made some remarks on the probable identity of
Archa rubricosa Harris, with A. fuliginosa of Europe.

Mr. Reed asked for information on the best way of getting rid of
Earth worms in lawn. Salt was suggested as the only remedy.

Prof. Forbes called attention to the fact of the Earth worm being the
host of a Parasite that caused the “gapes” in chickens and _ being there-
fore injurious to fowls and poultry.

‘The meeting adjourned subject to the call of the President.

At 1.30 the same day the Club was driven out to Ebenezer under
the guidance of the Buffalo Entomological Society; a most enjoyable
time was spent; the locality is known as one of the best collecting
grounds in the neighborhood: the club returned through the parks and
appreciated most highly the hospitality of the Buffalo members.

Monday, August 23rd, 1886. The club met, pursuant to a call of
the President atg A.M. The President in the chair. In the absence
of the Secretary Mr. Reed, Rev, Raphael Benjamin, of Cincinnati, was
chosen Secretary pro. tem. The following paper was read.

Vernal Habit of Apatura.
By Mary E. Murtfeldt, Kirkwood, Mc

Prof. Riley’s comprehensive papers on our two most prominent rep-
resentatives of this genus of butterflies, as published in his oth report on
the Insects of Missouri, not to speak of the observations ot other Lepid-
opterologists, leave few points in their history to be eluciaated.

Almost the only blank remaining to be filled is that which exists
from the time that the leaf, bearing the clusters of hibernating larvae, is
wafted to the ground in the autumn, to the date in the ensuing spring
when these larvae are found, generally more than half grown, feeding on
the young leaves quite high up in the tree. ‘This obscure part of their
life history I have made several, only partially succesful, attempts to in-
vestigate.

Last autumn the larvae of A. clyfon Bois. (A. herse, Fabr.) were un-
usually numerous on a young Céeéé’s on our lawn. In many cases the
entire ‘under surfaces of certain leaves would be covered with the tiny
larvae, stretched side by side in rank after rank from tip to base exciting
astonishment and interest in all observers.

Wishing to keep track of them, and knowing that they seldom sur-
vived the winter in the rearing cage, I enclosed several of these colonies
under muslin bags to twigs, a few only being placed in a cage indoors.

Ve?

—181—

These immediately deserted the leaf, with the exception ofabouta dozen,
and scattered over the cage attaching themselves in threes and fours to the
wire-cloth covering and various parts of the framework.

The ensuing winter was exceptionally severe and an examination
in March revealed the fact that all the larvae under muslin covers on the
tree had perished and a large proportion of those in the cage had shared
their fate, in spite of my utmost care.

In April when the leaves began to put forth I placed the leaf con-
taining the few survivors on the ground near the base of the tree and se-
cured it there. A few days later | was much gratified to observe that the
little caterpillars had awakened from their winter nap and were slowly
ascending the tree. Apparently they had not moulted immediately on
arousing from dormancy, as no exuviae were found on the leaf. Expect-
ing to be absent from home for a few weeks, I did not re-take any of
these larvae and of course soon lost track of them as they made their way
up into the tree. Limited as this observation was it proved, what had
heretofore been merely inferred, that some unerring and inscrutable in-
stinct guides this small and feeble larva back to its fostering food plant
in the spring, from whatever direction the leaf on which it hibernated
had been blown. Undoubtedly many that survive the perils of the
winter, perish on the vernal journey, although it is probable that the
leaves bearing these dormant colonies being more heavily freighted than
the others, are not born to so great a distance by the wind.

On my return home, about the first of June, I.immediately made
search for these Afaéura larve, but was able to collect but three or four,
nearly full grown, of c/yfon and two of cel#s. Considering the vast
numbers that were on the tree the previous autumn one is almost appalled
at the waste of life permitted by Nature. The unusual severity of the
winter may have been the cause of the remarkable scarcity of these but-
terflies in this locality the present summer, But in any case the lack of
correspondence in numbers between the production and development of
these butterflies suggests an ill adjustment to conditions of environment.

The President, remarking upon the interesting observations con-
tained in the paper. stated that the butterfly had not to his knowledge
been discovered in the State of New Yerk, although two localities for its
food plant, Cedfis occidentalis were known—the one upon the Hudson
river, near Hudson, and the other, a solitary tree of large size on the line
of the N. Y. Central & H. R. Rail-road, near Niles Hill in Montgomery

County, which for many years had been an object of interest to travelers
through the valley as ‘‘the unknown tree”.

Some general discussion upon insects and their habits followed,
when the club adjourned sine die.

- Entomologica Americana. 25 December 1886.

—182—

Three new varieties, and one new species of Lepidoptera.
By Geo. D. Hust.

Danais archippus var. fumosus var. noy.

I give this varietal name to the form of D. archippus which was in
a number of specimens taken last year. It differs from the type form in
having the whole of the surface of the wings which ordinarily is bright
fulvous, of a deep sooty brown color.

Chrysophanus americanus var. fulliolus, var. nov.

A variety of this common species in which the coppery red is re
placed by an equally glowing somewhat sooty yellow.

Artica phyllira var. lugubris var. nov. |

Like A. phylira on fore wings, but with hind wings unbroken
black.

Platythyris floridana sp. nov.

Expands 25 mm. Head palpi and antennae brown, Thorax brown in front,
reddish orange behind. Abdomen reddish orange with second segment brown.
lore wings dark reddish brown on inner two thirds except two reddish orange patches
along inner margin, one basal, the other median. Outer third reddish orange, with
a flexuous line of reddish brown running from costa across to outer margin at middle.
Hind wings reddish brown, median band reaching from costa half way across wing.
All reddish orange portions of ali wings, reticulated with reddish brown. No hyaline
spot on fore wings, but two small contiguous oval spots near middle of hind wings.
Keneath as above with the colors somewhat darker and with a violet shading.

ic, Fla. Coll. Doll.

Near P. oculatana, Clem. but differently marked on fore wings, and
sufliciently distinct in having no hyaline spots on fore wings, and two
on each of the hind wings.

re Oe a —————

NOTES AND NEWS.

Near the end of June 1886, when at Rockaway, L. I., I saw a fresh
specimen of Papilio ajax on the wing. Insects boxes, and a lot of bo-
tanical specimens were dropped to the great amazement of passers by, a
net whipped out from beneath my coat and thrust upon a cane, and a
hot pursuit began. But the Butterfly rose over the “‘big hotel’, and

was seen no more !

| spoke of this occurence afterwards to some friends. Mr. Graef

who was among them, said that some years ago he had taken a specimen
on Long Island. Mr. Bruce, who was also present, said it is compara-
tively common in some parts of Western New York, where the Pawpaw,
its food plant, is found.

‘The insect can as a consequence be credited to our State, as well as

local fauna, Gro, D, Hurts

—183—

In the Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 6 ser. t. 5me, p. 61, 1885. M.
Leon Fairmaire describes the new genus Hornius for a cerambycid al-
lied to the Dorcasomides. We have now Hornia among the Meloides,
and Hornius among the Cerambycids: will somebody describe a Hornium
among the Caradids!

Argynnis Diana, Cram.

This rare butterfly, the queen of its genus, is perhaps more common
than is supposed, if only one knew where to find it, and collectors were
willing to go after it, Mr. Evans, of Evansville, Ind. has at intervals
found it comparatively common in that vicinity. The Rev. Dr, Chas.
H. Hall of Brooklyn reports to me that he saw last year a considerable
number flying at the base of Balsam Cave, Western North Carolina. and
says that years ago he found it not uncommon at Asheville, N.C. A
friend sending me some specimens, reported that in the year 1882 it was
very common at Warren Springs along the French Broad. _ I found but
3 males at Waynesville, N. C. during August 1882. Mr.Aaron if I re-
member rightly, reported seeing it on the Tennessee side of the Mount-
ains, and it is taken throughout Kentucky, and must be common in places.
‘Those who know of local collectors, if there are any in those regions,
ought to get arich harvest of this insect. Gro. D, Hutst.
LEIS OE Pe PE SO + RL TST It

Edgar, Freiherr von Harold died August rst 1886, at Possenhofen,
Bavaria. This removes from the ranks of the Entomologists one of the
best known Coleopterists of our day. He is best known on this side of
the Atlantic as the editor of the *‘Coleopterologische Hefte’, as the au-
thor of monographs of Coprophagus Scarabidz; but principally as one
of the authors of the ‘‘Catalogus Coleopterorum hujusque descriptorum, ”

PRESS CRESTS ORI LT 1 OY EI > | SS ESAT DE ESE RELI BIE TRS TE EI TOT ET i OT
rr

SOCIETY NEWS.

Brooklyn Entomologlcal Society, Oct. 4, 1886. Mr. Weeks gave some of
the results of his collecting notes and hints for collecting at this time of the year.

Noy. 2, 1886. Mr. Hulst referred to a request received from Mr. Scudder
regarding the first appearance of Pieris rape. His recollection was that a Mr.
Sa-hs had allowed imagines from some imported pupz to escape from his attic
window in Hoboken. Mr. Graef recalled having seen in print a statement that
the insect was imported into Canada with a head of cabbage in 1863. Mr. Weeks
stated that he had collected in the center of Long Island from 1861 to 1863 but
never saw this insect, nor were there any in Tompkins Co. in 1869-70. In 1882.
they were very common in Suffolk Co. L. I, The discussion turned upon the
distribution of various insects through the transportation of the material upon
which the larva feed. Mr. Linell had found in a Drug factory in Brooklyn spec-
imens of a Piatydema described by Dr. Leconte from a single Californian speci-
men. On motion it was resolved that hereafter some special orders or groups

—184—"

be discussed at meetings, and for the next meeting members are invited to bring
Arctiidee and Buprestida: for determination. Other families will also be named
if presented.

Mr. Hulst stated that during the past summer he had made some observa-
tions upon the fertilization of yucea, ih connection with Pronuba yuccasella,
Riley. Prof. Riley, after many and extended observations, gave the bistory of
tie fertilization of this plant, concluding that the moth is a necessity to the con-
tinuation of the plant, that fertilization was effected by it alone, and that every
developed seed vessel bore evidence of the work of the Moth by the presence of
the Jarvee within the capsule, The method of depositing the egg in the cap-
sule, and of placing the pollen in contact with the stigma by the moth was,
following Prof. Riley, given by Mr. Hulst. He stated that his observations did
not bring him to the same conclusion as that arrived at by Mr, Riley.

Ist. Honey bees were very plentiful about the flowers, very much more
than the moth, and there was no doubtin his mind, that without any other
ugengy than bees, there must be very extensive fertilization. There was no ey-
idence of design on the part of the bees; simply a lighting at random upon any
part of the flower, when this was open, and then a diving into the inner
portion of the flower, to the base of the petals, passing over the anthers. Thus
pollen would easily if not neccessarily be gathered on their legs, and the next
flower visited would be fertilized. 2nd. The majority of seed capsules exam-
ined afterwards, showed no indication of larvie of any sort present. Mr, Hulst
spoke also of the fact that yucca was more or less fertile in foreign counties where
it has been introduced, and where there was no evidence whateyer of the pres-
ence of the moth.

Entomological Society of Washington. Mecting held November 12, 1886.
Mr. Dodge gave some very interesting details regarding’ thé ‘lifé and work of the
late Mr. Townsend Glover; how he had acquired a taste for entomology; his first
attemps to picture and write about insects, his methods of work and taking notes and
his many peculiarities. It appears that Glover had ‘collected a vast amount of orig-
inal observations on the life-histories of insects, especially in Lepidoptera and Coleop-
tera but that strangely enough he made in his publications hardly any use of his
notes but preferred, where ver it was possible, to quote the ‘‘authorities’’, His notes
to the extent of some twenty MSS, volumesare in the possession of the Smithsonian
Institution and will probably never be published.

‘Mr. Mann reminded the members that after the death of Dr. Ff. E, Melshemer it.
1873 he had acquired the entomological manuscripts and library of Melsheimer inelu-
ding some MSS, of the elder Melsheimer, and thé correspondence between Melsheimer
and other entomologists of his day such as Say, Harris and Leconte, He exhibited
a number of volwntes from his collection, Some of these contain original descriptions,
with.colored figures, of larvee (Coleoptera Lepidoptera) raised by Melsheimer, with
notes on the habits of the larvet etc. ‘ Another quarto volume contains a faunal list
of Coleoptera (undoubtedly of Pennsylvania) with notes on food—plants, habits, time
of appearance ete. of'many species.’ Another literary curiosity exhibited was a copy
of the rare Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Pennsylvania by the elder Melsheimer,
published in 1806, witht manuscript corrections and additions by the author, and his
son. fits ft

Mr, Lugger presented a list of insects observed by him this year unusually late
in the season, Of special interest among these is a female of Mantis carolina found
in the Smithsonian grounds on November 11th, and a fresh specimen of Cicada pruin-
osa taken in the same locality on November 12th,

4

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, JANUBRY, 1887. ‘NO, 10.

New species of Geometridae, No. 3.
By Rev. Geo, D, Hust.

Ephyra plantagenaria, sp. nov. Expands 21mm. _ Palpi very short, black
with scattered white scales becoming thus vray beneath; front black; thorax and ab-
domen light gray, the abdomen with indistinct annul.tions of lighter color, often
white. Fore wings light gray, more or less overlaid with dark gray, forming indef
inite lines and bands. The basal space is o/ten dark gray, and the lines are three,
each well determined on costa, indefinite, dissolving into the ground color as they
cross the wings; the first is finest, the outer broadest, the latter band like with heavy
cloud at middle and near inner margin, all very much angulate wavy across the +
wings. An indeterminate submarginal line or shading and a marginal line of black
points; annulate spots faintiy discerned on middle line, Hind wings like fore wings
but wanting the first line; annulate spot faintly evident. Beneath, lizht cinereous
with outer line evident, as also annulate spots.

70, 8Q, Tex. Ariz. Coll. Lintner, Neum, Hulst.

Acidalia obluridata sp. nov. Expands 19 mm., Palpi and head reddish brown:
Wings whitish washed with light ochreous, which is somewhat darkened into cross-
lines; over the wings is also a peppering of black scales, very much scattered but
more numerous on the crosslines, and forming on fore wings a cloud at middle of
outer third, and at inner margin, and on hind wings a somewhat distinct intra medi-
an line. On fore wings, the first line is basal, bent, the next extradiscal, oblique, and
on the outer third, closely together and parallel, are three others, in part coalescing ,
dentate or wavy, showing white dentate space between; apart from the basal line the
hind wings correspond; hind wings somewhat angled; discal spots small black; a
row of black points on each wing just within margin, and an alternating row on
fringe, faint; fringe light ochreous. Beneath whitish, without the ochreous tinge,
and with the black run into the cross lines, which thus become quite marked espe
cially outwardly.

1Q Rockledge, Fla.. Coll. Hill.

Acidalia volucrata, sp. nov. Expands I9 mm. Palpi, head and thorax
light ochreous, rather dull and blurred; abdomen same color, with a brownish cast

—1 86 —

Fore wings, dull olive ochreous at base and for one-third the space of wings, then a
purple brown band, slightly curved outward on inner side, with two deep sinuses on
outer side; beyond rusty ochreous with a purple brown wavy dentate cross line at
middle of space; a purple brown submarginal band, and a line of almost coalescing
spots of same color, somewhat darker, rounded outwardly, just within margin. Hind
wings olive ochreous washed with purple on inner third and rusty red outwardly,
the purplish being most distinct on outer part of first and third, and forming an indis-
tinct continuation of band on fore wings. Margin narrowly purplish brown. Be-
neath purplish ochreous, fringe purple, outer lines faintly evident, as also band on
fore wings and discal spot on hind wings.

10. Mo. Coll. Mrs. C. H, Fernald.

Acidalia dataria, sp. nov. Expands18 mm. _ Palpi and front snuff ochreous;
thorax and wings light ochreous washed with snuff color; abdomen somewhat
lighter; wings somewhat speckled with black scales, and with one broad even dark
brown line in middle. A basal line of black points and also an outer one, the basal
sometimes joined by a fine line, these lines present and continuous on the hind wings;
a line of marginal black points also present on all wings; discal spots small, light
ochreous, annulate with dark brown. Beneath light ochreous, the outer line of
points showing, and joined in a fine dentate line.

Zp he. Cal Coll Neumoegen, Hulst.

Acidalia ancellata sp. nov. Expands 24mm. Palpi ochreous, black at tip;
front black; vertex, thorax, abdomen and wings light cinereous, abdomen somewhat
annulate with dark gray. The wings are finely speckled with black points, giving a
smoky cast to the wings; fore wings marked with three distinct lines, basal, extra
discal and outer; the basal bent, the others oblique, straight, wavy, a little nearer to—
gether at costa than at inner margin; all lines are fuscous black, inclining to an
ochreous tint sometimes; the outer one is very distinct and is heaviest. There are
also submarginal clouded lines, wavy, and a line of marginal black spots, generally
very sharp and distinct; discal spots black, distinct. Hind wings as fore wings ex-
cept that the basal line is wanting. Beneath white, lines distinct; the surface, espe—
cially on the basal half, washed with smoky fuscous almost or quite covering the sur-
fice on the front wings. Legs cinereous blackish in front on fore and middle, all be
coming sooty ochreous on tarsi.

29’, 3Q, Sierra Nevada Mts., Cal. Ariz.

Close to A. guinquelineata to which in direction the lines very much
correspond, But the wings are very much more pointed at apex, much
more extended, much less rounded on oater margin.

Acidalia elimaria, sp. nov. Expands 31 mm. ‘Tongue ochreous, palpi, head,
body, and wings, pure white, wings rather silken and glistening; antennae dark fus—
cous very strongly pectinated; the fore wings are crossed by three fuscous lines, thé
two inner oblique, straight, the outer parallel with outer margin, none reaching costa;
a faint submarginal line; margin narrowly fuscous. Hind wings without the basal
line, middle line straight, outer slightly rounded, submarginal line distinct, margin
fuscous. Beneath white, with lines faintly showing; margin fuscous, costa speckled
with black. Fore and middle tibiae and tarsi fuscous or fuscous cinereous, hind legs
with tibiae very long not very much swollen.

4’, Col. Coll. Hulst. Near to A. ordimata Walk., differing in the

—187——

direction of the lines, and in various details of coloration and structure,
but having much the same general appearance.

Acidalia quinquelineata, var. fuscata, var. nov. Differs from the type form in
the more pointed fore wings, the more squammose vestiture, and the coloration
which is smoky fuscous gray. It stands in some respects intermediate between A.
quinquelineata and A. anecellata.

Id’, 1Q, Ariz. Col. Neumoegen, Hulst.

Eois hilliata, sp. nov, Expands 14 mm, Palpi and antennae brownish, thorax,
abdomen and wings light brownish ochreous, fore wings narrow, extended though
rounded at apex, each wing crossed by a distinct narrow unevenly scalloped plum-
beous brown line; on the fore wings this line is very oblique with two considerable
dentations inwardly. Beneath as above but with colors softened and lines indistinct,

Poi. la. .Coll. ill.

Eois bonitata, sp. nov. Expands 16mm, _ Palpi and front dark brown; ver-
tex,antennae, thorax, abdomen and wings light,ochreous; abdomen becoming darker
posteriorly; fore wings narrow, extended, with two black cross lines, one basal}
rounded, somewhat angulated at middle, the other outer, pronounced at costa, roun-
ded and rather faint across wings; on middle field, below discal spot isa cloud reach—
ing to inner margin, on outer field, two faint clouded lines also a row of marginal
cloudy spots; on hind wings the three outer lines, and marginal line are continued,
rounded, parallel, wavy, with an inner shade within anal angle; discal spots distinct,
black. Beneath lighter with a plumbeous shade, lines very faint, the outer black
line most prominent on all wings.

1d/, Ariz, Coll. Neumoegen.

Eois labeculata, sp. nov. Expands 14mm. Head, thorax, body and wings
reddish purple, Discal spot on fore wings small,oval, ochreous yellow;a marginal band
of same color on all wings, narrowed, almost divided by the purple color at middle
of outer margin of fore wings, and on hind wings narrowing posteriorly, and becom-
ing obsolete near anal angle. Below as above with band less yellow; fore and mid—
dle tibiae pinkish; hind legs and abdomen ochreous.

icy aAnig.,. Coll. Ebulst,
Eois ferrugata, var. russata, var. nov. Differs from the type form in being of
a rusty ochreous color; fore wings somewhat purplish at median crossline, and sub-
marginally: middle field almost ochreous; outer line distinct, purple; margin purple;
beneath, ochreous, lines faint.

ig, N.-Y., Coll., Hy. Edwards.

Eois eremiata, sp. nov. Expands 20 mm, Palpi and head rusty brown;
thorax, abdgmen and wings rusty ochreous; lines obsolete or very faint; when evi-
dent two in number, the one basal, strongly angulated, the outer bent, but nearly
straight. Costa and margin pinkish; beneath ochreous, washed with pinkish, uni—
form in color.

2 oi, Ariz., Coll, Graef, Neumoegen.

Eois subochreata, sp. nov. Expands 24mm, Palpi ochreous brown; head
ochreous; thorax and abdomen light ochreous; fore wings light ochreous, darker
along costa; hind wings very light. almost white; all wings thinly clothed; fore wings
with two lines, fine, indistinct, the basal wavy, some rounded; the outer wavy, nearly
straight,nearer the inner angle than the apex; on hind wings a single faint line, wavy,

—188——

slightly rounded, extra discal; discal spots distinct on all wings. Beneath, uniform
very light ochreous; lines and dots very faint.
1g’, Coll Graef.

Pigia multilineata, sp. nov. Expands 24 mm. Palpi, antennae and head
light fuscous; thorax, abdomen and wings, smooth glistening white; costa, tinged
with fuscous brown, fore wings with two groups of fuscous brown lines, all starting
from apex; the first group consists of three lines, of which the inner is the darker
parallel oblique, reaching inner margin at middle, the inner one extending across,
hind wings near base; the second group consists also of three lines running. slightly
out from outer margin, the inner the heaviest, and the outer shading broadly towards
margin; these continue as four across the middle of hind wing, the inner being re-
placed by two equally distinct; on the hind wings is an outer group of three corres-
ponding lines, nearly straight, the outer shading gradually towards outer margin; on
all wings a narrow fuscous margin; fringe white, fuscous stained outwardly; discal
spots minute black; beneath as above lines more diffuse and indefinite with some
black speckles basally and along costa,

3.6.1 ¥, Ariz., Call. Graef, Holland, Neumoegen. Hulst.

Phrygionis auriferaria, sp. nov. Expands 32 mm, Palpi, head, antennae
brownish yellow; thorax and abdomen dull yellow; wings golden yellow; on the
fore wing on inner two thirds are five lines of small purple spots, the first close to the
base, the second and third extra basal, parallel near each other, waved, the outer
two, extra discal, near together, parallel, bent outward twice; the spots are between
the veins and each surrounds a small golden metallic spot, tumid in the larger ones;
the outer third of the wing is much striated with purple, forming on its inner edge a
purple band; hind wings with some purple striations on median space; on outer two
thirds a purple line, shaded broadly inwardly with purple; this line includes three or
four small golden dots; outer space purple yellow, with submarginal line of metallic
gold, not tumid; ocellus just anterior to middle, along margin, purple red with met-
allic gold speckles, edged anteriorly with black: marginal line purplish red; fringes
purple. Beneath uniform light ochreous; fringe purple.

nc; Hla. Coll: Holland.

This is an exquisitely beautiful insect, and is one more form reveal-
ing the tropical character of the insect fauna of South Florida.

Semiothisa simulata, sp. nov. Expands 34mm. _ Palpi fuscous, dark brown
at tip; front ochreous brown; collar ochreous brown; front of thorax fuscous; posteri-
orly, and abdomen light ochreous fawn; wings very even light ochreous fawn, formed
by a light ochreous base heavily but finely powdered with fuscous fawn; outer third
fuscous fawn, straight margined on inner side, very even in color; discal points on
fore wings, lengthened on hind wings, small; hind wings strongly angled. Beneath
as above with the colors less even and the light ochre color less finely and completely
powdered.

2 9’, Coll. Graef, Hulst.

Very near S. praeatomata Harv. of which it is a possible variety.

Semiothisa metanemaria, sp. nov. Expands 29 mm. Head, antennae,
thorax and abdomen light ochreous, the abdomen shaded with dark ochreous at mid-
dle of segments. All wings light ochreous, powdered with brown, the fore wings
more finely and heavily than the hind wings. On the fore wings are two brown
lines, the basal curved at costa, then straight, the outer slightly sinuate, the inner

Si 8g—

outwardly, and the outer inwardly edged with white, the outer shading with brown
gradually into subterminal space; outer edge falcate below apex, and marked there
with a lengthened marginal spot of dark brown. Hind wings with a sinuate extra
median line; all discal spots apparent, brown; hind wings strongly angulate. Be—
neath as above, with colorations generally more diffuse.

4 do, 49, Ariz., Coll. Graef, Holland, Hulst,

Resembles somewhat Macurta ‘ripliciaria H. Sch.

Semiothisa mendicata, sp. nov. Expands22 mm. Head ochreous; collar
the same; thorax in front narrowly reddish ochreous, otherwise thorax, abdomenand
wings soiled white; fore wings heavily powdered, outwardly some striated with dark
brown, a basal line faintly indicated, also an outer line, rounded, sinuate, generally
consisting of dark brown points on the veins; hind wings lightly powdered; the outer
line faintly suggested; a narrow brown marginal line; all discal spots evident. be-
neath as above, but with little powdering or striations; generally the base color is
stained with reddish especially along costa.

24. 9 Q, Ariz., Coll.,Graef, Neumoegen, Hulst.

Semiothisa sublacteolata, sp. nov. Expands 24 mm. Palpi ochreous; head
very light ochreous; thorax, abdomen and wings dull white; wings dusted with dark
fuscous; two lines on fore wings, the basal faint, the outer bent below costa, then
straight, both consisting of black points sometimes joined, outer space on all wings
with a dark fuscous clouding; all margins with row of black points; extra discal ‘line
of hind wings evident but faint; all discal points distinct, black. Beneath whitish,
heavily powdered and clouded with fuscous with a reddish tint; discal spots distinct,
black.

2 g', 4 Q, Ohio, Coll. Franck, Graef, Hulst.

Semiothisa tenebrosata, sp. nov. Expands 27 mm. Palpi, head and collar
yellow ochreous, ‘Thorax, abdomen and wings even close cinereous, with a dusting
of light fuscous giving a smoky shade; the fore wings have three cross lines, the hind
wings two, the outer two of the fore wings being continued on the hind wings; these
lines are fuscous, fine, equidistant from each other; the first and third being as far
distant from the base and outer margin as from each other; all fade away towards
the costa. Beneath more coarsely striated, except that there are no striations on
inner part of fore wings, while the hind wings have an ochreous tint. Discal spots
wanting above, and on fore wings below; distinct, small, black on hind wings below;
hind wings well rounded.

50.5 Q. Ariz., Coll. Holland, Graef, Neumoegen, Hulst.

Semiothisa umbriferata, sp. nov. Expands 28mm. Palpi, head and anten-
nae fuscous ochreous; palpi dark fuscous at tip; thorax and abdomen cinereous fus-
cous, wings cinereous, more or less washed with fuscous; fore wings with four lines,
the first basal, straight; the next, the ordinary basal line, rounded; the next, more
diffuse than the rest, just within discal spot, straight; the outer sinuate, strongly
rounded outward from costa to vein 3; outer space washed and clouded with fuscous
brown;.a marginal line of black spots, Hind wings with the outer line of fore
wings, an inner one faintly indicated. Margin fuscous brown with marginal, some-
what confluent, row of black spots; discal spots present on all wings, black; all lines
somewhat diffuse; inner lines hardly evident; discal spots present.

1, Soda Springs, Cal. From Mr. Behrens. Coll. Hulst.

Semiothisa inquinaria, sp. nov. Expands 30mm. Palpi fuscous brown;

—-1g0—

head, thorax and fore wings bluish cinereous; abdomen fuscous cinereous, somewhat
annulated with light cinereous; fore wings with a geminate band close to base, faint;
three other bands, the middle broad black at costa, otherwise fuscous, even oblique;
just within discal spot, straight till close to inner margin, then turning at a sharp
angle outward; inner line strongly angulated from costa outwardly, till close to mid-
dle line then parallel with it, straight to inner margin; outer line geminate angulated
outwardly below costa, then sinuate to inner margin; outer space clouded with fus-
cous; a row of marginal black points; hind wings yellowish cinereous except along
inner margin where they are cinereous and powdered and striated with black; mar-
gin wavy black. Beneath fore wings cinereous, dashed with fuscous; costa and hind
wings with an ochreous tint and striated with fuscous; discal spots above prominent,
oval black, slightly pointed with cinereous within; beneath black points; fore wings
in form strongly arched on costa, somewhat falcate, hind wings rounded with waved
margin.

1 3, Cal., Col. Hulst. :

Semiothisa octolineata, sp. nov. Expands 24 mm, _ Palpi and front dull
ochraceous cinereous; fore wings with four ochreous lines; the first extra basal some
bent; the second discal straighed; the third outer obtusely angled beyond discal, then
straight; the fourth submarginal straight; fringe dark brown below apex to mid-
dle; hind wings with three outer lines; beneath ground color more ochreous than
above and the lines much more pronounced and darker ochreous.

1 o, Ariz., Coll. Neumoegen.

The insect has on it Mr. Grote’s label with the above name, but I
am unable to find the description. and Mr. Grote is of the opinion he
never described it. If Mr. Grote’s description turns up the name will not
have to be changed.

Semiothisa delectata, sp. noy. Expands 26mm. Palpi, head and antennae
ochreous brown; thorax, abdomen and wings even light ochreous cinereous; a single
black lengthened spot at costa near apex; otherwise unicolorous with an ochreous
tinge at base of fore wings; hind wings slightly wavy, with tendency to angulation
at middle. Beneath as above, without the costal apical spots.

1, Col. Coll. Hulst; allied to S. ocellinata, Guen.

Semiothisa graphidaria, sp. nov. Expands 22 mm. Palpi ochreous fuscous;
head fuscous in front cinereous at vertex; abdomen fuscous ochreous; wings white
with dark fuscous shadings and black lines; lines are two, fine, black, the basal bent
below costa, waved: the outer extra discal much bent from costa outward to beyond dis.
cal point then turning inward running nearly parallel with outer margin, wavy all the
distance ;the basal and middle fields are somewhat fuscous clouded and there is. a fuscous
band beyond outer line; discal spot black, and line of black marginal points; hind
wings fuscous lighter basally and submarginally; lines of fore wing continued, but
faint; beneath light cinereous, basal line heavy an both wings, black; a broad black
band beyond outer line on all wings; discal points black.”

2 9’, 2 Q, Ariz. Tex. Probably not a Semzofhisa but placed here
provisionally,

Marmopteryx morrisata, sp. nov. [Expands 30 mm. Palpi very dark
brown; head dark fuscous intermixed with black; thorax dark fuscous with collar

and patagiae edged with black; abdomen ochreous brown; wings above and below
fuscous, thinly scaled; above with color a little pronounced on sub-median vein, and —

with two or three spots a little lightened along costa; fringes checkered with light
ochreous. Beneath, fore wings with narrow black marginal line, hind wings with
obscure black lining to anterior veins, but with a pronounced somewhat wavy black
line running from middle of inner margin towards middle of outer margin, The
appearance beneath is very like Tornos.

2 Q. Ariz. Coll. Neum, Hulst. Named in honor of Dr, John G,
Morris, one of the fathers in American Lepidopterology, who has been
my kind friend, and whom, for his personal character and many sided
erudition, I greatly venerate.

Marmopteryx annellata. sp. nov. Expands37 mm, Palpi reddish brown;
front fuscous black with some cinereous scales; antennae nearly white at base, soon
by intermingling black scales becoming black outwardly; thorax dark brown: abdo-
men ochreous brown above near base, fuscous towards tip, and annulate with ochre-
ous brown, cinereous below. Wings smooth fuscous with a chestnut violet tinge,
which becomes decided on outer subcostal space and in apical region; on costa of
fore wings are three brown spots, with ochreous between; from the second there
goes to the center of the wing a brown rather diffuse band whith there rounds out—
wardly and returns to costa at third spot, taking thus a horse-shoe shape; fringes
cinereous, black at end of veins on fore wings, interlined on hind wings with fuscous;

_beneath smoky fuscous on fore wings, along costa, and about apex, and on hind
wings overlaid with a dusting of fine black and cinereous scales; horse-shoe of fore
wings evident, but faint on inner side; a rounded angulated dark extra median Tine
on hind wings; discal spots present on hind wings, white; fore legs cinereous, middle
and hind legs fuscous, with some light scales.

3 do’, 5Q, Pacific coast. Col, Neumoegen, Graef, Hy. Edwards,
Hulst.

Thamnonoma fascioferaria, sp. nov. Expands 32 mm. Palpi, front, anten—
nae, base of wings beneath, and legs bright yellow ochreous; thorax, abdomen and
wings very light ochreous, the hind wings being almost white; fore wings slightly
sprinkled with brown to cross band, somewhat more heavily sprinkled on submar-
ginal space; on outer third is a broad dark brown band narrowest at costa, broadest
‘on inner margin. Beneath yellow ochreous; band shown only by a costal and medi—
an spot; hind wings with indistinct extra median band; discal spots faint.

td, 1Q, Col. Coll. Lintner, Hulst.

Thamnonoma coortaria, sp. nov. Expands 28 mm. Palpi brown; head
very light cinereous, antennae, thorax and fore wings light cinereous, the latter with
a purplish tint; abdomen fuscous cinereous; the fore wings are somewhat powdered
with black atoms; along the costa are four black spots, the second and third some-
what larger, and all more or less triangular; discal spots lengthened, black, just be—-
low second costal spot; ontwardly on submarginal space, the wings are broadly fer—
ruginous, fading into the cinereous ground color; hind wings ochreous, except
along inner border, were they are cinereous, striated with dark brown, discal spot
black; the fore wings broad, rounded. Beneath, fore wings light fuscous ochreous;
ochreous and striated with brown along costa; spots faint; hind wings light ochre-
ous; ochreous along veins, strongly striated with ferruginous.

1d’, 2 Q, Tex. Coll. Hulst. Nearest to 7. sudcessaria, Walk.

Lozogramma famulata, sp. nov. Expands30 mm. Above dark fuscous;
the abdomen narrowly annulate with light fuscous; the hind wings lighter towards
base; discal spots black, diffuse, not very apparent; fore wings with a submarginal
line of small white spots most feeble at middle, confluent near inner angle; hind

—192—

wings with a corresponding line, faint or obsolete anteriorly; beneath cinereous,
heavily washed and clouded with fuscous; an extra discal sinuate darker line on
both wings, outer line as above; marginal line very dark, discal spots a little more
prominent than above.

1 3, Hamilton, Can. (J. Alston Moffat), Coll. Hulst.

This insect seems to be nearst Z. disconventata, Walk.

Lozogramma graefiaria, sp. nov. Expands 36 mm. Antennae and head
fuscous ochreous; thorax and abdomen same color, a shade lighter; fore wings light
ochreous fawn with an olive tint; ves light ochreous; four brown marks along
costa, the first basal, the second discal, the third further out, the three dividing
costa into four nearly equal parts: the fourth is nearly apical, and is much the lar-
gest; a crossline starts from the first spot, faintly brown without, ochreous within,
runs obliquely outward towards the middle of inner margin; there it bends, the ochre-
ous portion touching margin, and returns, (as outer line), obliquely outward, reach—
ing costa just within apex; on turning the brown comes on the inner side; wings
quite faleate; hind wings lighter than fore wings, without lines; discal spots on all
wings black, those on the fore wings especially prominent; beneath light even ochre-
ous, discal points as above; the extreme apex of the fore wings black.

1o', Ariz. Coll. E. L. Graef, for whom it is named. It is a curious
insect in appearance, and I am uncertain under what genus to place it.
I put it in Zozogramma provisionally, though it probably does not be-

long there.

Tornos candidarius, sp. nov. Expands 26mm. Head ochreous; antennae
white; body and abdomen white; wings silky white, unicolorous; beneath white, the
hind wings slightly, the fore wings considerably washed with fuscous.

1, Ariz. Coll. Hulst.

Tornos rubiginosarius, var. cinctarius, var. noy.

Palpi and antenne black; head, thorax, body, and wings reddish brown; fore
wings with three black lines, the basal rounded, wavy, distinct; the middle intradis—
eal, faint except at costa, rounded; the outer extradiscal, distinct, sharp, rounded a-
bove the large black discal tuft, then bent to inner margin; outer space with a sub-
marginal line of small rather indefinite white spots; a dark cloud at mner angle;
hind wimgs with oval black discal spot and rounded sinuate extradiscal black line;
beneath as above, but with color lighter, and lines much fainter.

Tornos rubiginosarius, var. abjectarius, var. noy. This isin color a dark
smoky brown, almost uniform on thorax fore and hind wings to the submargina]
space, and there some darker, but even; discal dots on fore wings black, a submar-
ginal row of faint light colored spots, and the marginal line black, broken; abdomen
with a dorsal row of black spots.

Tornos dissociarius. sp.nov. Expands38mm. Palpiblack; head cinereous;
collar black; thorax smoky cinereous; abdomen light cinereous on first segment, this
followed by a jet black line, the rest fuscous; fore wings fuscous cinereous, washed
somewhat with dark fuscous and blackish; two narrow black lines start very oblique-
ly from the inner margin near the base, and run with an uneven waviness towards a
point on the outer margin just above the middle, then turn back before reaching the
margin, and forming a deep rounded sinus reach the costa not far from apex; the
lines are very near each other, and closely parallel; hind wings light cinereous ex-
cept submarginally, where it is concolorous with the fore wings;from the middle of the
inner margin, two parallel black lines run, the outer heavier, which fade away near
the middle: beneath light even cinereous; costa of fore wings darker, and lines on
hind wings faintly seen.

*—193—

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas, W. Lene, B. S.

(Continued from p,’ 103.)

ISCHNOCNEMIS, Thom.
_ Contains also one species.

I. bivittatus Dup. Mag. Zool, 1838 Cl. IX. p. 58, t. 220. f. 1.; Klug. Dei.
Cat. 3 ed. p. 346. Guer. Ic. t. 45. f. 9; aryentatus Chev. Dej. Cat. 3. ed. p. 346;
bilineatus Gory. Guer Ic. Regn.Anim. III. p. 250, Gray, Griff.Anim. King. t. 95. f.
9; Castln, Hist, Nat. II. 490. t. 34, f. 9.

Length .36-.52 in.=9-13 mm. Hab, Texas to Arizona.

Resembles the preceding in coloring but the golden hair on the
thorax is arranged in a broad line on each side; the median space is
punctured and the external vitta is not abbreviated. The antennae in
both genera are as in Sphaenothecus.

STENOSPHENUS, Hald.

A very complete paper by Dr. Horn will be found in Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc, XII. p. 177--180. We give merely the Synopsis and Biblio-

graphy.
Thorax wider than long, not narrowed at apex;

Miborac reddish) with?a’ discal) black spot: ..; 2. caetse cere ee cle oe ne eee: notatus-
Thorax as long or longer than wide, narrower in front.

Punctures of elytra separated by three longitudinal smooth intervals;.....lugens.

Punctures of elytra dispersed;
Thorax red, elytra black;
Femora red;
Thorax oval, not longer than wide, punctures numerous; elytra very ob-

liquely truncate, the outer angle spiniform,.................... novatus.
Thorax oblong, longer than wide, punctures few and inconspicuous; elytra
sinuously truncate, angles not spiniform,....... .............- lepidus.

Femora black;
Thorax oval, very nearly smooth; elytra less obliquely truncate, the angles
SOMELMES SPIOILOLM 6/215, ateiels «1a 2: «2 ESTAR Foie eer dolosus.
Body and legs pale brownish testaceous;
Thorax coarsely punctured, a median smooth space only; elytra obliquely
Eruncate. HOt angles|subspinous,. ....... emeeeinaeres emcee e See eee debilis.
S, notatus Oliv Ent. IV. 1795, 70, p. 61., t. 7. f. 89; Hald Trans. Am. Phil.
X. p. 39; Lec. J. A. P. ser 2. IT. p. 12. deflendus Newn Ent. p. 6; discieollis Dej.
Cat. 3. ed. p. 355; discoideus Sturm Cat. 1826 p. 199.
Length .35--48 in. g=12 mm. Hab. Atlantic States.
S. lugens Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1862 p. 41;
Length .48 in.=12 mm. Hab. Texas.

This species is colored like the following.
S. novatus Horn Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XII, 1855 p. 179.
Length .38 in.=9.5 mm. Hab. Lower Cal.

Entomologica Americana. 27 January 1887.

—194—

This is the species which eccurs in our lists as eriripennis Thom,
S. lepidus Horn. L. c.
Length .38 in.=9.5 mm, Hab. Arizona.
S. dolosus Horn. L. c. J
Length .27--.42 in.=7-.10.5 mm. Hab. Southwestern Texas.
S. debilis Horn. L. c.
Length .30--.36 in.=7.5-9 mm. Hab. Utah.
S. sobrius Newn (Elaph.) described erroneously from U.S. is a Mexican spe-
mes.

CLey TINT,

The characters separating this tribe are discussed in the ‘Classifica-
tion.” It is sufficient to say here that they are all easily recognized by
their resemblance to a few abundant species represented in every cabinet.

For the assistance of the student the various structures whose differ-
ences serve to separate the groups and genera are figured * Also the
frontal carinz of all the species of Xylo/rechus. ‘This feature is best seen
by holding the insect with the front uppermost. Then under a glass of
very moderate power it will be seen as an elevated ridge, quite smooth,
starting below the eyes and running to a little past them, and dividing
at about the middle of its length into two lines diverging towards the
sides of the head. The species to which this description does not apply
are nmiitdus, g-macu/atus, and convergens. In these there are no diverging
lines and the division is only represented by an impressed space more
or lessextensive. In A/anifrons there-is no carinaat alland | have there-
fore placed it in Cly/us, With this explanation I think the synopses will
be easy to follow,

' Whatever completeness this paper may have is largely due to the
kindness of my friends in allowing me to use their material and I take
great pleasure in returning my thanks to Dr. Horn, the Nationa] Muse-
um at Washington, and Messrs. Smith, Julich, Roberts, Ricksecker and
Welles and to Mr. Samuel Henshaw I am again indebted for a careful
revision of the list of habitats,

The genera are divided as follows.
pimera of metathorax produced over the angles of the 1st ventral segment, so as to

enclose the hind coxz externally;
Front short, intercoxal process of Ist ventral segment rounded..Growp Cyllenes.

Brontilarge, proGess sa Cute tay eiepee cial.) 5, =)- "alain tae y= ncie ieee .. Group Clyti.
Epimera of metathorax not produced, episterna linear; front large, intercoxal pro-
GESSUACULE, Ae ccs aicine rs laure ements ese Suse eacise Group Anaglypti.
Cyllenes.
Mesosternum usually convex in front, prosternum perpendicular at tip.
Pronotum transversely excavated at sides near the base,.......«........ Cyllene
Pronotum/not excavated; -\.)5 Nase ae ete, <\nin1s octeniteeiacis ote ee ee Trichoxys.

* The plate will accompany a future number.

a

—195—

Mesosternum oblique or nearly flat, prosternum declivous at tip, not perpendicular,
pronotum not excavated, but only rounded and constricted at base.

fmm compressed, subserrate, ..... 2... es. degen ees seas bn Plagionotus.

Antenne filiform.

* Mesosternum declivous,.. ... Sieih-s: 4 9c ets Calloides,
| Mesosternum nearly flat, eotiecne NaLkOW.els aes Sioal Si acsisichacs a ects Arhopalus

These genera contain but few species easily known by the markings.

q Clyti.
; Episterna of methathorax wider;
. Head not carinated; pronotum without transverse ridges............... Clytus.
PENA eG SIMD TLE Clots myer erersaCens a Sloe ane | s'est eRe kaye etee ....mylotrechus.
Head not carinated; pronotum with transverse ridges;
ENUM Ton alse cys) ais A EERIE ee o.c.co' Oiteeierice Hn dc Neoclytus.
Antennae 12-jointed..... Botste 2 asain <5: 2's) «sale eee Per RR arale toys .....Euryscelis.
PustomarOl metathorax NAarrOwer,)..). 2. oss. .+eee weiss waive tee cies ele Clytanthus.

The thighs are spinose only in Lwryscefs and part of Neocly/us. The
thorax of Xylo/rechus is usually without ridges, in one species however
the ridges are indicated and sometimes quite well developed, The two
species of Clytanthus are easily known by the markings. They have
neither the thoracic ridge nor the frontal carina,

; Anaglypti.
Elytra without ivory bands;
Eyes oblique, emarginate;
2nd joint of antennae 9 as long as the 4th; antennae not spinose, Microclytus,
2d joint of antennz Q j' short as usual.

Bem OlbOrantenn ce sSPINOSE5.)./.. <)_ . 2.1) \aRRRee ener Cyrtophorus.
BEC PLOUNG EC MEMETe, yj. cucjeye sisi ce pice vis bus « « epee eee ee ele: Tillomorpha,
elytra with ivory bands,.............. 5) 9» SSR erarie: Seselarape ne Euderces.

The form of the eye is figured for each of these genera. TZ?//omor-
_ pha has it smaller as if the upper emarginate part had been cut away,
__ and it is nearly round and without any break in its contour.
| The discovery that Af-roclytus SJ lacked the peculiar form of an-.
_ tennze described in the “Classification” p. 305 (the 2d joint in that sex
_ being as short as usual) required the slight change in the characters used
in separating the above genera,

CYLLENE, Newn.

We copy the synopsis by Dr. Horn in Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. VIII.
p. 134.

Antennze with joints 3-5 spinous at tip;
Thorax and abdomen uniformly pubescent;prosternum wide between the coxae but
not prolonged; tip of elytra acutely spinous,.................. antennatus.
Antenne not spinous; thorax black with yellow bands, abdomen more densely pu-
bescent at sides, feebly at middle;

—196—

Prosternum wide between the coxee, dilated at tip and more or less emarginate,
prolonged and meeting the mesosternum and slightly overlapping it;

Elytra.acutely prolonged ar tigaemem er. +b re tee wate wines oi icss crinicornis.
Prosternum moderate, not prolonged; elytral tip truncate; ,

2d joint of hind tarsus glabraus at middle, antennz of <{ longer than body:

prosternuin between the coxae longer than wide,..... .........- pictus.

2d joint of hind tarsus densely pubescent; antennz not longer than body;
Prosternum rather widely separating the coxze, being as broad as long and

as wide’ as: the coxa (Canam trer.. cs.s-- 2 cts sce ects ete mie micetrens robiniz.
Prosternum longer than wide, not as wide at its middle as the coxal
CAVILY: (3 oac cos eo Re wrens si = cole) sere eh Cie Ne ieee Rea decorus.

C. antennatus White. Longic. VIII, 2, 1855, p. 252; eurystethus Lec. Proc.
Ac. ‘Phil. 1858, p. 82; Arcan.. Nab xs59, p. 127, t. 13, £0,

Length 15-20 mm.=60-80 ins. Hab. Arizona, Sonora. California.

Color light reddish brown or nearly black with pubescent bands of
lighter color more or less obliterated. Lives in Mesquit wood.

C. crinicornis Chev. Mon. 1860 p. 460: sanguinipes Dup. De}. Cat. 3 ed. p.

356; similiguitatus Chev. Mon, 1861 p. 380.
Length 10-20 mm.=.40-.84 in. Hab, Cal., Mexico, Arizona, Texas and Lou-

Islana.

This is the species which formerly appeared in our lists under the
name erylhropus Chev. The species to which that name right-
fully belongs has not yet occurred north of Mexico. It resembles cranz-
cornis in the sudden constriction of the thorax but differs in the
prosternum which in ery/hropus is similar to pictus.

C. pictus Drury Ins Il. 1773 Ind:; I. p. 91. t. anf. 2; Lec: 7, A. BP. sees 2
p. 177; Harris Ins. of Mass. p. 85; Osten-Sacken Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. I. 1862 p.

M2 ete vion |<
Length 12-20 mm.=42-89 in. Lives in Hickory wood and appears early

in Spring and is abundant wherever that tree occurs.

C. robiniz Forst. Nov. Spec. Ins. 1771 p, 43; Lec. J. A. P. sec. 2 IL. p. 17;
Walsh Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 1866 p. 204; flecuosus. Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 191; Lap.

and Gory Mon. p. 13 t. 4. f. 14 t. 1 f. a.
Length 12-20 in.=48-80 mm. Hab. Infests Locust wood and appears in

Autumn.

‘The much greater length of the antennae and posterior thighs will
assist in separating pictus (f' but the characters of the table are all that
apply to the Q and I have seen a specimen taken by Mr. Welles near
Chicago in which the tarsal character appeared to be lacking. The two
species are very closely related.

C. decorus Oliv. Ent. IV, 70 p. 63, t. 8. f. g2; Lap and Gory Mon. p. 14, t.

4, £ 15; Hald, Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 39; charus Say, Bost. Journ, I, 1835, p. 193:
Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, IT, p. 17; Col. of Kans, 1859, p. 20, t. 1, f. 16. var.; infaustus

—197—

Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, 1850, p. 17; brevipennis Lec. S. M. C. 1873, XI, p. 1975 lu-
fosus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 356.
Length 12-20 mm.=48-8o ins, Hab. Southern States to Kansas and Colorado

Mont. Ill. Ind. Iowa Mo.
Dr. Horn says in reference to this *‘An extremely variable species
which, with the mass of material before me, is not capable of division.”
Of the synonyms named above drevipennis was applied to a very
fresh specimen with soft abdomen, /u/osus to one with elytra entirely yel-
low and the others to the different forms which commonly occur and we
figure the arrangement of bands in each.
The colors are yellow and black.
TRICHOXYS Chev.
T. Hartwegi White. Longic. VII, 2, p. 252, t. 6, £8; Luc. Ann. Fr. 1857,
Bull. p. 48, Q.
Length 22 mm.=.88 ins. Hab. Arizona.
Color black, elytra with reddish gray and white bands; easily known
by the peculiar arrangement of elytral bands.
PLAGIONOTUS Muls.

P. speciosus Say. Am. Ent. III, 1828, t. 53; Lap and Gory Mon. p. 39, t. 8.
f. 48; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, I, p. 17; Harris. Ins. of Mass. p. 84.
Length 23 mm.=.g2 ins. Hab. Can. Vt. Mass. N. H. Pa. L. Sup. Me.

Black with yellow bands.
CALLOIDES Lec.

Contains two species very closely allied.
Elytra with a vague depressed transverse band,........+.++.++0.+. Lorquinii.
Elytra without band,.........0 6... ses e cece eee cece ee te cece eens nobilis.

C. nobilis Say. Harris Hartf. Trans. 1836, p. 84, t. 1, f. 7; Lec. J. A. P. ser.
2, I. 1850 p. 18; Lacord. Gen.Col. IX. 1869, p. 64 not 3.

Length 20-23 mm.==.80-.92 ins. Hab. U.S. Brown or black, elytra gener-
ally marked yellow as in figure but sometimes immaculate.

C. Lorquinii Buq. Ann. Fr. 1859, p. 629.
Length 22 mm.=88 ins. Hab. California.
Black without markings. It scarcely differs from the preceding ex-
cept in the elytral depressed band. There is a difference in thoracic
sculpture, difficult and misleading to describe.

ARHOPALUS Sew.
A. fulminans Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 192; Lap and Gory, Mon. p. 35, t. 8, f. 44.
Length 12-18 mm.=48-72 ms. Hab. U.S.
Black with white pubescence.

CLYTUS Laich.

This genus as here restricted contains only those species without
either narrow episterna, frontal carina or thoracic rugae. I have inclu-
ded planifrons because that species presents none of the characters used

in the classificatien to separate Xylo/rechus from Cly/us. Dr, Leconte in
ascribing it tothe first was guided by the flat front which is like that genus.

SYNOPSIS OF CLYTUS.
Front more elongate flat;
Misiraiplack with. yellow. bands: ..\ic0 sp eee ciel ine? & eehiew SW eke planifrons
Front less elongate, depressed at middle;
Elytra pale at base, otherwise black with yellow transverse bands.... .

marginicollis,
Elytra black with sutural and partial transverse bands...............-. lanifer.

C. planifrons Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, V. 1875, p. 67.

Length 73 to 13 mm.==30-52 ins. Hab. Cal., Nev.

This species shows no variation in coloring except in the enclosed
line which usually transverse is sometimes oblique and the specimen
then very closely resembles X. zzszgnis from which it may be distinguish-
ed by the absence of the frontal carina, the greater length of the poster—
ior femora, and by the absence of yellow hair on the elytra each side the
scutellum,

C. marginicollis Lap and Gory. Mon. p. 41, t. 9. f. 50; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2,
II, p. 26; vespotdes Hald. Trans. Am, Phil. X, p. 40; Dej. Cat. 3 Ed. p. 356.

Length 8 to 10 mm.=.32 to .goins. Hab. Mass. Ga. Pa, Nev.

C. lanifer Lec. S. M. C. No. 264, 1873, p. 198.

Length 9 to 14 mm.=.36 to .56 ins. Hab. Cal. Ariz,

The abundance of yellow hair gives this species a distinctive woolly
appearance from which it derives its name. The three transverse yellow
bands are variable in length being usually mere spurs from the sutural
band.

XYLOTRECHUS Chev.

By the omission of planifrons this becomes a perfectly defined ge—
nus, including all the Clytini with the front of the head carinate. The
species may be separated as follows:

SYNOPSIS OF XYLOTRECHUS.

Frontal carina reduced to an elongate space, scarcely divided; surface shining

nitidus.
Frontal carina a narrower elongate space, divided or impressed longitudinally ;

Thorax with four pubescent spots, elytral pubescence white, inconspicuous. .....

4-maculatus.
Thorax marked with lines, elytral pubescence yellow ;the lines connected at suture,

convergens.
Frontal carina V or Y shaped;
Elytra at apex obliquely truncate, the outer angle spiniform;
Bideswoutnorax res ulathys arCtuaLe.-rcterrasieticlc «siete rents eee sagittatus.
Sides of thorax suddenly obliquely narrowed at basal third........ nauticus.

Elytra at apex obliquely truncate rarely (colonus) subacute externally;

Thorax without apical and basal margin of paler pubescence;
Sides of thorax regularly arcuate,.....--. 2+ +s cere eee eens colonus.
Sides of thorax suddenly obliquely narrowed at basal third, ....annosus.

Thorax margined at base and apex with yellow or white pubescence:
Median elytral band more or less angulate or undulatory ; the humeral band

when present short and tramsverse...... .-.-+- see eees undulatus.

Median band regularly arcuate;the humeral band always present and very
GPITS cereale ic. cots s «a Soka aRnaetneNe aifa Sis eke otereta el ayene obliteratus.

Elytral apices separately rounded,....+...- cesses seer ee eee ee mormornia,

Most of the species are easily recognized; the frontal carina of atdus
is distinctive, ~ maculitus, convergens and ob/iteratus have distinctive
markings, sagié/a/uy is the only species with well developed spines on
elytral tips, colonus alone possesses bands as broad as the intervals be-
tween them. The others are described in detail below.

X. nitidus Horn Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 572, t. 8, f. 2.
Length 12 mm.=48 ins. Hab. N. J., Pennsylvania, ‘Texas.

Black, shining, with narrow yellow margins. Legs testaceous, hind
thighs darker at tip. Beneath spotted and banded with yellow. The
enclosed mark is an oblique line, directed towards suture,

X. 4-maculatus Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X 1857, p. 41; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2 II,
p: 29.
Length 8-12 mm.=.32-48 ins. Hab. Eastern and Middle States.

Black or light brown, elytra in black specimens mostly brownish,
Thoracic spots usually very distin: t, elytral markings white, a few scat-
tered hairs and lines, scarcely visible. Mr Wenzel tells me this species
is taken by beating the Black Alder,

X. convergens Lec. S. M. C. 1873, p. 198.
Length 8-11 mm.=,32-.44 ins. Hab. Ohio, Towa.

Black or fuscous, thighs pale at base pubescent beneath and bands
above narrow yellowish white, The thoracic spots resemble 4-macula/us
somewhat but are nearly connected, Five specimens show no variation
except in size,

X. obliteratus Lec. S. M. C. 1873, p. 199; insignis Lec. (Q) 1. c.
Length 11--20 mm.=.44--80 ins. Hab. Colorado; California.

Black or brown with broad yellow bands on the elytra, following
the usual pattern, and margining the thorax, In the (¥ the middle band
is usually entirely obliterated. In two specimens before me also males
the bands are partly obscured by a sprinkling of cinereous pubescence
indicating that the species may vary quite as much as undulatus. All
the females I have seen are constant in marking. For the synonomy my
above I am indebted to Messrs Ricksecker and Rivers. Mr, Ricksecker

me OO eae

sent me ¢ Q originally as such and Mr, Rivers has succeeded in ob-
taining and mating freshly hatched specimens. ‘This species is rare in
collections partly from its being frequently confused with C. plamfrons
from which it may be easily known by the frontal carina and by the
pubescence at the scutellum. In f/:mifrons the scutellum only is cov-
ered with yellow pubescence, while in oéZ/erafus the base of the elytra also
is densely clothed for some distance on each side.
X. sagittatus Germ. Mag. Ent, IV, 1821, p. 171; Lap and Gory Mon. p. 82,
t. 15, f.95; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, Il, p. 1775 pubescens Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X,
p40: Lec: l.c. p: 28; Dej.Cat..3 ed: p. age:
Length 15-18 mm, =.60-.72 ins. Hab, Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Mich
igan, Mass. Ariz. °
Brownish. above and beneath with more or less white pubescence
and indistinct bands. The spines of elytral tip though short are dis-
tinct and more marked than in any other species.
X. mormonus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 357.
Length 15-17mm.=.60-.68 ins. Hab. Utah, Wis.
1 have seen but one specimen in Dr, Horn’s collection correspond—
ing exactly with Dr, Leconte’s description as under.

‘‘Black, sparsely cinereo-pubescent, head rough marked with two
‘frontal carinz thorax oval, wider than long, convex, rough, elytra feebly
‘punctured and rugose, separately rounded at apex, with several small
‘‘pubescent spots in middle fascia and another at two-thirds the length
‘‘denuded, posterior femora a little shorter than the abdomen.”

X. colonus Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 91; Oliv. Ent. IV, 70, p. 31, t. 6, f. 673; Sch-
énh. Dej. Cat. 3, ed. p. 356; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, p. 28; campestris Oliv. 1. c.
p. 65, t. 8. f. 95; Lec. 1. c. p. 27; coloreus Fabr. Syst. El. I, p. 345,(err. typ.); sca-
bricollis Mergerle, i. litt-; terminans Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 151; Lap and Gory
Mon. p. 83, t. 15 f. 96; villicus Oliv. 1. c p. 64, t. 8. f. 94.

Length, 8-16 mm.=.32--.64 ins. Hab. U. S. east of Rocky Mountains.

Black or brown pubescent above and beneath with lighter hair. The
markings are very variable but the yellow wavy line running from suture
and forming the included mark seems to be constant and peculiar to the
species.

X. undulatus Say. Long’s Exped. IT. 1820, p. 291, Am. Ent. II. 182%, t. 53:
Lap and Gory Mon. p. 57, t. 11, f. 66; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2. I. p. 27; undatus Kirby
Fn. Bor. Am. IV. p. 175, t. 7, f. 5, integer Hald. ‘Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 41; lunw-
latus Kirby 1. c. p. 175, Hald. 1. c. Sayi Lap and Gory Mon, p. 55, t. 11, f. 64,
Hald. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. IV, p. 372, var. fuscus Kirby ]. c. p. 176. Lec. lL. c.
var. interruptus Lap and Gory l. c. f. 67.

Length 11--21 mm,=.44--.84 ins. Hab, U. S.

(‘To be Continued.

,

pee Me

Pleocoma Fimbriata, Zec.

That the species of Scarabaeidz are not numerous in California may
partly be due to the long continued drouths, occuring annually, from the
end of May to about the roth of October, during which timé the surface
is baked into more or less hardened crust through which the larger Sca-
rabaeidae would find it very difficult to emerge. Podlvphylla decemline tla
Say, frequenting the vicinity of large oak and other forest trees, and Am-
phicoma ursina Lec., breeding in the shifting sea-sands, avoid this diffi-
culty, but it is in Pleocoma that we get the BHP y illustration of the old
proverb, that “all things come to him that waits”. They wait until the
first autumnal showers soak the earth to the depth of four or six inches,
when they quickly emerge. Their flight is diurnal and of very short
duration, lasting a day or at most two days, Probably no single indivi-
dual remains on the surface more than a few hours and many disappear
again in the earth after a few minutes flight, In this lies their safety,
otherwise their size and awkwardness would render them an easy prey ta
those omnivorous devils, the Stellars and California Jays, which are every-
where abundant and always ready to gobble up a helpless insect, rob the
nests of other birds, or depredate the vineyard or cornfield.

The locality where a brood of Pleocoma fimbriata was observed by
me in 1885, when I took three males, and again this autumn, when

about a dozen were secured, is a series of barren hills that are excessive-

ly rocky and overgrown by low, scrubby bushes; chiefamong them being
the common Manzanita, upon the roots of which I suspect the larvae
will be found to, feed, The flight of the males is low and heavy, seldom
attaining a height of more than six or eight feet and their progress is
slow. Alighting clumsily on a low bush and tumbling to the ground,
they at once hunt for a soft spot, commence to burrow and quickly get
out of sight. All this applies to the males only, which are totally black
and shining. I have succeeded in capturing but one female, which js
brown and much more convex than the males and is without wings,
She was found about four inches below the surface, with three males in
the same burrow, following her and fighting each other vigorously.

The union of the sexes being, seemingly the only object of their ap-
pearance above ground, it is a question wether the apterous females ever
entirely emerge, or perhaps only approach the surface, from below,
where the flying males discover them by some acute sense and dig down
to find their mates. However that may be, this much is certain that the
whole brood makes its appearance on the next day after the first soaking
showers in October. On the following day a few stragglers only will be
seen, and after that a single individual,—late and disappointed, —may
be found, once in a long while, but the probabilities are greatly agains

Entomologica Americana. 28 January 1887.

Oe

seeing any, whatever, after the second day of theirappearance. I watched
very carefully, nearly all of the third day, in the best locality known to
me, without seeing one, although the weather was favorable,

Some young men living near by were quite familiar with the “bugs”
and had noticed them for some years. These I hired to watch this
years’ brood for me, and on the first day after the rain of October 16th
they saw numbers of them, but being in hot pursuit of a deer and having
no convenience for ‘‘bottling bugs”, they failed to augment my _ collec-
tion. However their observations are good, in that they corroborate my
own about the sudden appearance and disappearance of the whole brood,
and they also informed me they had never seen a P/eocoma fly in the
open pastures or cultivated lands, contiguous to the hills where the brood
occurred,

Further observations, upon next years’ brood will, I hope, enable
me to throw more light upon the habits of this interesting beetle,

L. E. Rickseeker
en a Ge

Fall Collecting of Hymenoptera from Solidago sp

and its Results.
By C. L. Maruatt, Manhattan, Kan.

The following results were obtained by sweeping the bloom of twe
or three species of Sod@dago, notably S. rigida and S. speciosa, var. an-
gusfata, one hour or so a day during the last week of September and the
first of October.

The plants in question grew along the sides ofa grassy ravine lett
uncut by the hay makers, and of them, S. vigzdz was the most abun-
dantly represented and yielded the best returns, Solidago speciosa, var..
bloomed somewhat later and seemed to be an especial favorite of various
species of Bombus and Apathus.

The prevailing south-west wind of this season was blowing, and, by
beating against it proved to be an efficient aid in collecting, both by
driving the insects the more readily into the net, and also in preventing
the flight of many of the shyer forms that in a calmer season would have
been with difficulty approached.

The insects on plant after plant were driven into the net by quickly
beating the flowers; the wind and the quick movements of the net pre-
venting their escape till a sufficient quantity was secured, when a few
quick motions of the net drove them to the bottom.

Seizing the net just above the seething mass of insects and with the
aid of forceps thrusting the end of the net and its contents bodily into a
wide mouthed collecting bottle ensured the retention of all taken. A
few seconds in the bottle stupefied the ‘‘catch”, and it could be removed

—-203—— ‘

and examined at leisure, transferring what was of value to another collec-
ting bottle.

Following up this method, I was enabled to fill two large collecting
bottles in less than one hour with selected specimens.

Each examination of the net’s contents showed some rare and _fre-
quently new form of Hymenoptera or Diptera; and in place of the simi-
larity looked for, each succeeding day introduced new forms frequently in
abundance where none had been seen on the day previous. ‘The order
Hymenoptera was chiefly represented, the flowers of a single plant fre-
quently containing 5 or 8 Ammopailas 15 or 20 bees of the genus Augo-
chlora, Agapostemon and others, together with representatives of half-a-
dozen other families.

The lateness of the season, several heavy frosts occurring before and
after the period, may make a statement of the number of forms repre-
sented in the Families of aculeate Hymenoptera of interest.

The numbers do not indicate distinct species in every case, a few
will doubtless prove to be male and female of the same species on further
examination,

Formicidie, 3. Chrysidae, 2. Mutillidae, 2 i. Scoliadae, 2.
Pompilidie, 10. Sub, fam. Larrinae, 6. Sub. fam. Spheginae, 15,
(12 species of the genus Ammophila). Sub. fam. Bembecinae, 2. Sub.
fam, Philunthinae, and Crabroninae. 20. Vespidae 27. of which 23 are of
the sub. fam. Lumeninae. Apidae, 50-.60.

The smaller forms of Hymenoptera were well represented; many
large and handsome Dipters were taken; and the orders Hemiptera and
Coleoptera, yielded numerous species. In all, several thousand speci-
mens were thus secured.

The writer has not before found a spot yielding such rich returns
at this season, doubtless accounted for in the fact that this was the only
patch of fresh blooming plants of the species given, or indeed of any
species, in this locality. ;

Collecting Notes: Many handsome Ichneumons and several species
of Cynipidae were secured in this and previous years by beating the after-
math in grassy ravines with a collecting net.

>< - ane _____

SOCIETY NEWS.

Entomological Society of Washington. December 2. Prof. Riley read a
paper on the luminous larvae which are now recognized as the larvae and larvi-
form females of Phengodes and Zurhipes. After reviewing the literature on the
subject he stated that he first found one of these larva in 1869 in a cellar at St.
Louis, Mo., and the figure he made of this larvae is published in LeBarons’ 4th
Illinois Report. Subsequently he received quite a number of similar larvae

—204—

from various parts of the country, and upon examining this material he finds
that the larvae essentially agree in structure but that they are divisable intothree
groups according to the different coloration of the dorsal surface. An hitherto
overlooked peculiarity of these larvae is the presence of two pairs of dorsal spir-
acular orifices situated in the sutures between the 4th and 5th, and between the
Sth and 6th segments. A much smaller larva from Nevada lacks these spiracu-
lar apertures and differs moreover by having a large ocellus on each side of the
head, The only observable difference between those specimens which fron
their size were supposed to be female beetles and those which are undoubtedly
larvae is in the darker, more chitinized mouth-parts and legs of the supposed
females, but none of these Showed upon dissection traces of unquestional eggs. -
A long discussion in which most of the members present participated followed
on various topics connected with this Phengodes question. Mr. Smith related
his observations on one of these larva which he had received from Connecticut:
Mr. Mann spoke on the habits of the numerous specimens he found in Massa-
chusetts and on the character of their luminosity; Mr. Schwarz related his ex-
perience in finding a number of male Phengodes in Florida in day time and gave
a review of the geographical distribution of the Phengodini of North America,

Mr. Schwarz exhibited samples of small square rods of naphtaline
which, under this form, is known in commerce as “‘carbon”’ and used for inten-
sifying the light of gas flames. Itis extremely cheap and very pure. When
broken up in smaller pieces and wrapped in thin paper it can be most conveni-
ently used in insects boxes.

Dr. Marx presented a short analysis of his work on the North American Scor-
pionidal which is nearly ready for publication and which is based upon the ma-
terial belonging to the U. 8. National Museum and that of his own collection.
He gave a review of the history of the classification of the Scorpionids dwelling
upon the more important characters upon which the various systems were foun-
ded. Of the 14 species hitherto known from North America eleven are described
by Wood but of the latter’s types four species have been lost, among them unfor-
tunately the Scorpio Allenii. Dr. Marx finds among Wood’s types from the Na-
tional Museum representatives of the genera Centrurus, Scorpiops, Hadrurus,
Ischnurus and Jurus, but not a single species can referred to Buthus and for
three the establishment of new genera was necessary.

Prof. Riley read a short note (to be published in the Can. Ent.) correcting
some statements of Mr. W. H. Edwards in his recent article on Mnesica tarquinius,

‘Mr. Edwards having been led into error by an incorrect report, in Entomol. Amer
of the meeting of the Ent. Soc. of Washington.

Notice to Members.

The Brooklyn Entomological Society has now secured a room in the new
Sengerbund Building, corner of Smith and Schermerhorn Streets in the City of
Brooklyn, to which the Collection and Library of the Society have been trans-
ferred. The room is open to members with duplicate keys at all times, and the
Entomological periodicals and current Exchanges are always on the table. The
Librarian and Curator will make arrangements for the use of the Collection and
Library at stated times and notice of this will be posted in the room. Duplicate
keys can be obtained from Mr. G. W. J. Angell, 44 Hudson St., N. Y., or on
meeting nights at the room. It is hoped that members will make free use of the
room for informal meetings and discussions,

The Executive Committee.

TON Clee
AMERICANA

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, FEBRUARY, 1887. NO. 11.

Abstract of Address of Rev. Geo. D. Hulst, retiring Presi-
dent, at Annual Meeting of the Brooklyn Ento. Soc.

MEMBERS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY:

There is no need that I should, as I close my term of ser-
vice as your President, give a summary of the work that has been done
in our Science during the last year. In the Address of Prof Lintner be—
fore the Entomological Section of the A, A. A. S., and published in our
own Journal, you have a summary of Entomological work that I could
not hope to better.

I will leave the beaten ground therefore, and speak upon matters
which affect only our own local interests. And what I shall say shall be
in the line of congratulations and advice.

I. I give you my congratulations. tst, I call your attention with
pride to our exceptional position among American Societies. Strictly
Entomological Societies are few in the United States, but among these
our Society stands second to none in the position it holds before the
World and which it holds by the best of reasons. _It has, it is true no
inherited wealth, it has no mantle of past great ones; but it has an ear-
nest membership, who do conscientious collecting, and some of these
are giving faithful study to their various specialties in the Science, and
are taking, or have already taken their place among the best for the work
they do. This work has been, in the main, in the line of solid conserv-
ative Science. Following this line we stand as we do to-day. A few
years ago there were a few, who, arrogating to themselves parts of our
field of Science, asked ‘‘can any good come out of Brooklyn?” Our ef-
forts, which like all beginnings, were far from perfect, were sneered at

—206—

and misrepresented, But patient work and faithful study has won the
respect of the Entomological World, and these continued will I hope
not only hold that respect, but greatly increase it.

2. | congratulate you upon the stand which our Journal “Ento-
mologica Americana”, has among the Entomological Journals of the
world. It would not be in good taste to make comparisons; this how-
ever I can say, it stands without any superior, past or present, among the
Journals of our Country. Its views, its opinions, are respected at home
and abroad, and it has assisted by its conservative tendency and substantial
work in giving the world at large the idea thatAmericans can do some-
thing besides describe species, and make Entomology an annex to Agri-
culture. In its Synoptic Tables of the Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleop-
tera and Lepidoptera more especially of the genera of the latter, it has
done work of permanent value.

3. I congratulate you upon the exceptional advantages our mem-
bers have for study in their access to large and valuable collections espec-
ially in the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In the Lepidoptera, our local
collections are exceptionally rich, and taking my experience as an index,
their owners are very willing to have them studied. ‘Taking the collec-
tions of Hy Edwards, Graef, Meyer, Neumoegen, Tepper, and in the
Geometride and Pyralidae my own, we have an almost complete repre-
sentation of the fauna of our Country, except in the Zortricide and Tin-
cide, As an example, in the Geome/ridae which I am now studying, of
the first about 350 species, not more than 5 of identified species are
wanting; and of all the species, at least a third of the types are possessed
among us. In the Coleoptera we have collections of the Carabidae held
by Messrs. Smith and Liitgens, not surpassed by any in the Country
perhaps except those of Dr. Horn and the late Dr. Leconte. We have
also rich collections in the Cerambycidae of Mr. Leng a world wide known
authority, in the Buprestidae of Mr. Roberts, in the Chrysomelidae of Mr
Angell, who are studying these families, and who will I hope, soon do
in their fields, the excellent work now being done in his by Mr, Leng.
Above all, Dr. Horn has always been ready with material, counsel, and
personal help to assist any faithful honest worker, For Dr. Horn, re-
cognised at home and abroad as the greatest Entomologist of America,
takes a great interest in our Society, its workers, and its works, especial-
Jv in our Journal to whose good standing he has very largely contributed.
In having him as an Honorary Member, our Society is honored indeed!

4. While not the best, our Society has now good facilities for liter-
ature, though it is not in its own possession. ‘The Library in the Cen-
tral Park Museum of Natural History has the most of the European Sci-

—207—

entific Journals complete. The Astor Library has many works special
and general on Entomology, and is making constant additions on the
recommendations of our Society and Members. Our own Library is not
large, but we are now receiving in exchange almostif not quite all the
Entomological Journals of the World; and thus we have all current liter-
ature at our hands,

II. I give you well intended advice; in this I will be brief, as I
have already taken enough of your time,

1, Asa necessity we must all be collectors; but while collecting, I
urge upon you all to be something more. Be s/uden/s. Seek to know
the history of what you collect, and be not satisfied to be told an insect
is to be labelled thusandso. Find out always why it is placed where it is.

2. Be not only collectors and students, but specialists. Have
some part of the family in which you collect, a “hobby”, Let it not cover
too much ground, but in that genus or subfamily aim to have every spe-
cies and variety as well as the stages of the life history. Take up new
fields not already “hobbies’’ among our members, and work them. <A
most excellent field just now for a neat conscientious student is the Tin-
eidae in Lepidoptera.

3. Take notes as you go on with your work, and send them in to
the Journal. ‘Tell your friends in other parts to do the same. Some
may think its solid Entomology makesEnto,Am. too heavy,and too much
a Journal for specialists. Let Ento. Am, have the record of rare cap-
tures, interesting observations, and new experiences, and so assist it giv-
ing it popularity without weakness.

Finally, set yourselves out to do good work for the Society. Add
to its collection of your best. Bring in new members. Seek to increase
the interest of its meetings; and the year just begun will be the best year
of its history!

rr

Some critical Notes.
By Geo, H. Horn, M. D.

In 1882 there appeared the first part of Species des Cuicindelides by
W. Dokhtouroff of St. Petersburg comprising the Manticorides and Me-
gacephalides. ‘The work has not yet been seen by me but I have recent-
ly received through the kindness of M. M. Fleutiaux a copy of his ‘‘Re-
marques et Observations” on the work of M. Dokhtouroff, published
‘‘Le Naturaliste” in 1886. Assuming that M. Fleutiaux has correctly
quoted the author reviewed, the two publications require a little further
comment,

—208—

AMBLYCHILA, Say.

Dokhtouroff correctly places Picolomini as a synonym of cylindri-
Sormis but our French confreres seem unwilling toadmit this and indulge
themselves in the belief that they possess the unique type of a distinct
species. The type has been examined by Dr. LeConte, and on two oc-
casions at an interval of eight years I have done the same and find no
reason for changing the views already published by us. It is quite cer-
tain that Dr. LeConte and myself have seen more specimens and from
more widely separated localities than Mr. Fleutiaux will probably ever
see, so that the question being one of opinion, the entomological public
may judge which has the greater weight.

The Amblychila in question was collected by Picolomini quite fifty
vears ago with other species many of which came into possession of Du-
pont who disposed of them to friends who described them. The species
were all credited to California and for a long time gave us great trouble
in their identification. Among those who purchased from Dupont were
Chaudoir, Spinola, La Ferte and Motschulsky and the species described
have in every instance been recognized as Texan or from the adjacent
States of Mexico. In other words Picolomini was not in what is now
known as California.

As for the characters separating the Picolomini specimen very little
can be said except that it is smoother and blacker than the specimens
from Kansas. Unfortunately the French authors know specimens of
Amblychila from the two most remote regions of its habitat and_ speci-
mens from Arizona and New Mexico in the cabinets of Dr. LeConte and
Mr. Ulke are exactly intermediate.

While we can not prevent our friends in France from cataloguing
two species we can at least enter our protest against the acceptance of
their opinion by others,

Here is the proper place to call attention to the spelling of Picolo-

,

mini’s name by Reiche with one ‘‘c”,
DROMOCHORUS, Guer.

This genus seems to be recognized as valid by Dokhtouroff and
leutiaux and is placed between Omus and Tetracha. A genus to be
valid should have characters of its own, but there is nothing that has been
seen by Dr. LeConte or myself to separate Dromochorus from Cicindela,

M. Fleutiaux makes the following remark:

“Cependant M, Horn dit quelque part que les differences sexuelles
ne sont pas les memes que dans le genre Cincimdela, en dehors des tarsus

—209—

dilates chez les males’. I must decline to admit the truth of the above
as a quotation of my opinion. In the Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 1876, p.
236, the following occurs, ‘‘In every other sexual character Dromochorus
does not differ from Crcindela.” The only point in which Dromochorus
differs from the myjority of Cicindel is—the middle tibiz are very finely
pubescent in both sexes, the males not having the tuft of erect hairsalong
the outer edge. ‘This is however, a character of no value, except specif-
ically, as several other Cicindele (s/riga celeripes and circumpicta) are in
various ways aberrant from the accepted typical form,

The reversal of the names adopted by Dr. LeConte by M.Salle (Ann.
Fr. Bull. 1877, p. 7), seems to require confirmation by an examination of
Guerin’s type which is now in the possession of Mr, Edw. Janson of London.

No comments requiring notice have been made on Omus or TZe-
tracha and the genus Cicindela has not been reached, but it is to be
hoped that the work will get nearer its completion than did the Mon-
ozraph of Thompson so beautifully begun in 1859.

OS
Description of a new Cochliipod.
Byahk. i. PEARSAM Te
Euclea Elliotii, n. sp.

Head and thorax dark brown. Fore wings dark brown along the costal mar-
gin clothed with coarse appressed hairs. A large pea green patch occupies the cen-
tre beginning at a point near the base and spreading out to the subterminal portion,
forming a triangle, the lower outer corner of which is removed by a sharp rectangu-
lar notch. The outer margin and notch bordered with a fine silvery white line, out-
side which the dark brown of the border becomes reddish brown for a short space.
A black costal spot is placed on the upper central portion of the green patch and in
one specimen has two brown hair lines running from it toward the apex, A_ silvery
white dot placed on the brown margin near the apex completes the markings. Hind
wings yellowish brown tipped on the inner angle with dark brown, Body yellow
brown tipped with dark brown. Antenne in males pectinate for 4 their length.
Type. Collection of R. F. Pearsall.

Three specimens were reared from larve taken in October 1875, on
the Sweet Bay. ‘

Larva, (full grown), Length .go width .30. Color a uniform pale terra-cotta
shading into pink on the points of the spinous processes. Dorsal region flat,bordered
on each side by a slight ridge on which are placed nine spiny processes the three at
each end being longer and stouter. Sides sloping outward and having a series of
nine rough pit like depressions in which are the spiracles, below these another row of
nine spines project laterally a little stouter than the upper row. Under parts
whitish.

I have named this species in honor of my friend S. Lowell Elliot
Esq. to whose kind instruction and advice I owe my first impulse toward
the study of lepidoptera in their larval stages,

——2 1LO—

New Species of Geometridae No. 3.
(Continued from from p. 192.)
By Geo. D. Hutsr.

Tornos incopriarius, sp. nov. Expands 34mm. Palpi, head, thorax, and
abdomen fuscous; fore wings brownish cinereous, even; three small black discal
spots in a triangle; a narrow black dash beyond on veins 5,6 and 7, the first not reach-
ing margin, the last only on margin; hind wings white with a fuscous shade; discal
spot faint; marginal line fuscous; beneath uniform white with a fuscous shade.

1, Ariz, Coll, Neumoegen, I have all Grote’s types before me
and believe these to be distinct.

Aspilates opuscularia, sp. nov. Expands 30mm. Palpi and antenne fus-
cous; head and thorax ochreous; abdomen ochreous anteriorly, light ochreous pos—
teriorly; fore wings ochreous with a reddish shade, and with dark brown irrorations
especially on submarginal space; three brownish black lines rather broad, very dis-
tinct, cross the wings, the first slightly bent outwardly, the second discal straight,
the third with a slight sinus at vein 5, all as nearly parallel as possible; a line of
marginal black points; hind wings light ochreous, irrorated with brown, with two
lines starting from inner margin, one discal, the other outer, both obsolete before
reaching middle; a marginal line of nearly confluent black spots; beneath light
ochreous, except costally and apically on fore wings, where the wings are reddish
ochreous and powdered with black; lines faint towards costa, except the outer which
is quite distinct, posteriorly obsolete; marginal lines as above.

1 oi, Cal. Coll. Holland,

Aspilates behrensaria, sp. nov. Expands 40 mm. Palpi ochreous brown;
antennz fuscous; thorax and fore wing ochreous brown, the brown caused by fine
thickly powdered brown scales; abdomen and hind wings light ochreous; the fore
wings are crossed by three lines one basal, the second including the black discal
point, both straight and parallel, the third strongly sinuate, being much bent in-
wardly near middle space, and edged outwardly with light ochreous and next to
this a row of black dots; the edging light ochreous line often is reddish at inner part
of the sinus, and the row of spots sometimes there becomes a dark clouding; the spots
are always more distinct towards apex; the hind wings are considerably powdered
with brown outwardly, and along inner margin; beneath light ochreous, with fore
wings and costal portion of hind wings often reddish.

The © differs from the above, the form of the 3) in having the brown color
replaced with reddish ochreous, the color being often quite bright.

10 gi, 11 Q, Cal. Nev. Ariz. Named for Jas. Behrens, Coll.
Hulst.

Aspilates desperaria, sp. nov. Expands 34mm. Palpi light fuscous, front
ochreous; vertex and thorax fuscous cinereous; abdomen fuscous ochreous; wings
wenerally fuscous cinereous with diffuse fuscous faint cross lines four in number, the
first basal, the second intradiscal, these with a dentation inwardly at middle, scallop-
ed outwardly, parallel; the third extra discal waved; the fourth quite submarginal
dentate inwardly edged outwardly with whitish which runs on veins to margin; the
second and fourth lines are the heaviest; between these two a slight ochreous tinge
continued on hind wings; the outer line only on hind wings agreeing with same line

——2 | [-——

on fore wings; discal spot on fore wings black, on hind wings white; beneath even
smoky cinereous, discal points faint black.

3 o, Ariz. Coll. Neum. Hulst.

Aspilates carata, sp. nov. Expands 34mm. Palpi ochreous brown, black
at tip; front purple brown antennae brown; collar and thorax in front purple brown;
thorax otherwise yellow; fore wings pointed, falcate, angulated at middle, the
basal half to middle line ochreous, beyond that bright yellow; basal half
punctate with purple points; there are three purple bands, the first rounded, broken
the second extra discal; the third on outer space, the second and third coalesce be—
hind middle; each of the lines ends at costa ina deep purple spot; there is also a
purple costal spot just within apex; a partial line of purple dots submarginally; a
purple marginal line especially heavy below apex and middle angle; fringe purple.
Hind wings rounded, somewhat wavy, ochreous with purple powdering, except at
anal angle which is bright yellow ;one purple band at middle, marginal line and fringe
purple. Beneath as above with bands more emphasized, and the yeilow with an
orange tint. Legs purple ochreous.

1 og, Fla. Coll. Franck; superficially in appearance much like 7:
sulphuraria,

Aspilates crocearia, sp. nov. Expands 23 mm. Palpi, head, anteunae at

base, and collar purple ochreous; thorax and abdomen dusky yellow; wings bright —

yellow, somewhat dusky with purple fuscous washing; wings with an outer purple
or purple brown broad diffuse line, beginning just within apex on fore wings, ob-
lique, straight, continued on hind wings, where it is slightly rounded; beneath color
as above, but strongly irrorated with purple, the broad lines especially distinct and
bright; discal spots on fore wings distinct, purple, annulate.

1 Q, Tex. Coll. Meyer. Resembles in colorauon some of the yel—
low forms of A. coloraria Fab.

Aspilates litaria, sp. nov. Expauds 34 mm. Palpi, antennae, head, and fore |
Pp ’ Pp k a, ? 2 ? :

wings fuscous brown; hind wings fuscous; fore wings lightest on middle ficld; a

geminate basal line, rounded, scalloped; middle line close to basal, sulbparallel;

outer line beyond discal spot, sinuate, and with a tendency to become geminate;
outer field with a submarginal row of black spots, edged outwardly wiih a luiule

lighter than general color of wing; hind wings wavy on outer margin; with outer

line of fore wings, geminate, sinuate; also a submarginal row of black spots; all
wings with distinct black discal spots, and black marginal line; beneath light fuscous,
strongly washed and irrorated with fuscous; outer lines very faint, inner wanting;
a marginal row of black points.

ZG, Gol, Coil. Hulst.
I add to the: above the following:

Tetracis pallulata, sp. nov. Expands 44mm. Palpi ochreous, dark brown
at tip; head, antennae, and thorax ochreous; abdomen light ochreous; fore wing’
ochreous at base and on outer space, the latter strongly irrorate and striated with
purple and brown; two heavy black lines, the inner edged within, the outer without
with light ochreous, and both fading gradually into the color of the middle field,
which is dark ochreous heavily washed and irrorated with purplish black; hind wings
light ochreous, ochreous outwardly, with extra discal purple brown band, strong at
inner margin, and fading away beyond discal spots; discal spots on all wings, black;

—212—

fore wings considerably angled, the hind wings less; apex sharp, falcate; beneath
light ochreous, the lines faintly showing through.

1 o, Crater Lake, Or. ‘From Capt J. C. Memill, U.S. A, Coll,
Hulst. Nearest 7! me/litularia, Hulst.

Metanema incongruaria, sp. nov. Expands 37 mm. An insect much like
M. quercivoravia, and which may be a variety, but differs in the following particulars;
the wings are all much narrower. and much more produced; the angles at the mid—
dle of the wings are more prominent, the outer line in the submarginal space bends
in, and meets the median line near vein 3; the median line is very near the middle
of the wing, and is so broad that it is rather an ochreous band, and coalesces with
the basal band, which also is distinct and broad, at the inner margin; on the hind
wings the regular band is broad, basal, not extra discal; the outer angulate line is
just beyond of the middle of the wing. The wings are rather narrower than in
Tetracis, and the insect superficially has little of the appearance of Metanema,

t Q, Hamilton, Can. (Mr, J. A. Moffatt), Coll, Hulst.
Plagodis keutzingaria, Pack. var. nigrescaria, var. nov.

I give this name to the black variety of the above species. It is
spoken of by Packard Mon. Geom. p. 468, and is figured pl. 13, f. 51.
It differs from the normal form in having the outer line further inward,
and in having the outer space purplish black.

NOTES AND NEWS.

The following letter from Mr, A. G. Butler will explain itself:
Dear Sir !

In H. B. Moeschler’s recent paper ‘‘On the American species of
Utetheisa, Huebner,” he appears to have entirely overlooked the fact
that in 1887 I described as vars, ‘hibrida’ and ‘inlermedia’ certain forms
of Deiopeia (Utetheisa) tending to link the three types—JD. ornaérix,
bella, and speciosa. (See my paper in Trans. Ent Soc. London, p. 361).

= =
#

Geotrupes chalytaeus Lec. 1 received this rare species from a cor-
respondent in Orange Co., Florida, who informs that it was found
December 24th, 1885, late in the afternoon about a quantity of horse
and mule manure on a sandy road running through high pine lands;
males and females were about equally distributed in the sending, The
same locality this year failed to yield a specimen.

Morilenia annulatum Say. 1 received this from Custer Co., Montana.
This is the most northerly locality known for morzlema and though my
friend searched diligently he found only four specimens, C, 5, Leng.

FIRST SUPPLEMENT

TO THE

“LIST @ OF ® COLEOPTREA®

AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO.

By SAMUEL HENSHAW.

On the following pages I give such corrections and additions to the
List of Coleoptera, published by the American Entomological Society
in October 1885, as have come to my notice. So faras I know it in-
cludes all additions published up to January 1st 1887,

The authority is given for new genera, the number in brackets indi-

cating their position in the List.

The new species are numbered continuously with the List.

Notiophilus.
9239. aquaticus Linn.

Nebria.
9240. frigida Sahlb.
9241. parvula Saklb.
Bembidium.

360. = scintillans Bates.

392. || = flavopictum Mots.

Pterostichus.

562. || = cyanicolor Chd.
9242. splendida Sahlb.
9243. epipleuralis Sahlb.
9244. plana Sahlb.

Amara.

9245. angustata || Sahlb.

CARABIDAE.

Dicaelus.
Flohni Bates. = 713.

Anchonoderus.

844, = myops Reiche.

Galerita,

$50, = mexicana Chd.
Blechrus,

oll. =? glabratus Dufts.
Chlaenius.

1036. = caeruleicollis Chd.

1033. t = chrysopleuralis Chd
Anisodactylus.

I1g2, = mexicanus De),
9246. brevicollis Chd.

—214—

DYTISCIDAE.
Agabus.
1432. = mutus Sharp.
GYRINIDAE.

Gyrinus.
1526. = 1521.

HYDROPHILIDAE.

Hydrophilus. Limnebius.

9247. ater Fab. 9249. polita Casey.

1588 — 1595 belong to 9250. angustula Casey.

‘ 9251. alutacea Casey.

Tropisternus Sol. (1587)- 9252. congener Casey.

9348. apicipalpis Chev. 9253. coniciventris Casey-

SILPHIDAE.
Silpha.

Scydmaenus.
1840. || = Lecontei Schau.

Batrisus.
9254. mendocino Casey.
9255. zephyrinus Casey.
speculum Casey.
monticola Casey.
occiduns Casey.

9256.
9257-
9258.
1914— 1916 belong to
Rybaxis Saulcy. (1913).
Bryaxis.
9259. texana Casey.
9260. infinita Casey.
1926—1927 belong to
Nisa Casey. (1925).

Reichenbachia Leach. (1946).

tumorosa Casey.
tumidicornis Casey.
informis Casey.

9261.
9262.
9263.

1711. ramosa Say.

aenescens Casey.

SCYDMAENIDAE.

Cholerus.
1853 = 1854.

PSELAPHIDAE.

9264.
9265.
9266.
9267.
1947—10948 belong to
Nisaxis Casey. (1046).

gracilicornis Casey.
nevadensis Casey.
fundata Casey.
franciscana Casey.

1953—1955 belong to
Sonoma Casey. (1952).
Faronus t Lee.

1956 belongs to
Oropus, Causey. (1955).

Trichonyx t Lec.

9268. convexus Cusey.

9269, interruptus (asey.

9270. abbreviatus Casey.
Trimium.

Actium Casey.

Falagria.
9271. occidua Casey.
9272. laticollis Causey.

Colusa Casey. (2004).
9273. gracilis Casey.
9274. eximia Casey.
9275. valida Casey.
9276, exilis Casey.

9277. grandicollis Casey.

2007 belongs to
Pontomalota Casey. (2006).

9278. californica Casey.

9279. Nigriceps Casey.

Lomechusa.
9280. montana Casey.

Tachyusa.
9281, experta Casey.
9282. linearis Casey.
9283. laticeps Casey.
9284. faceta Casey.
9285. Harfordi Casey.

9286. crebrepunctata (usey.

Platyusa.
9287. sonomae (Casey.

_ Calodera.
9288. attenuata Casey.

Maseochara.
9289. californica Casey.

Dasyglossa. f
9290. prospera Er.

Oxypoda.
9291. insignis Casey.

Autalia.
9292. elegans Casey.

Phytosus.
9293. bicolor Casey.
9294. maritimus Casey.

Bolitochara.
9295. californica Casey.
9296. nigrina Causey.

STAPHYLINIDAE.

Heterothops.
9297. occidentis Casey.
exilis || Casey,

Staphylinus.
2141.=viridanus Horn.

Belonuchus.
9298. pallens Sharp.

Philonthus.
9299- quisquiliarius (yll.

Cafius Steph.
Bryonomus Casey.

Stenus.
2342.=scabiosus Casey.
2366.—=pumilio Er.
2377-=humilis Ey.
2406-=morio Grav.
2449.=Harsalis Ljungh.
9300. jejunus Causey.
9301. sibiricus Sahlb,

Cryptobium.
Hesperobium Casey.

Ababactus.
9302. pallidiceps Casey.

2560 belongs to
Trachysectus Casey. (2543).

Caloderma Casey. (2543).
9303. rugosum Casey.
9304. continens Casey.
9305- angulatum Casey.
9306. mobile Casey.
9307. contractum Casey.
9308. luculentum Casey.
9309. reductum Casey.
9310. tantillum Casey.

Oligopterus Casey. (2543).
9311. cuneicollis Casey.

Melon Steph. (2543).
9312. sinuatocollis Casey.
9313. convergens Casey.
9314. lepida Casey.
9315. puberula Casey.

9316. malaca Casey.
9317. latiuscula Casey.
9318. sublesta Causey.

9319. consanguinea Casey.

9320. contigua Cusey.
9321. luctuosa Cusey.
9322. retrusa Casey.
9323. gregalis Casey.
9324. mimula Casey.
9325. languida Cu e,-
Lithocharis.
Metaxyodonta Casey.
9326. alutacea Cusey.
9327- quadricollis Ca .ey-
Lena Casey. (2564)
9328. testacea Cus y.
2559 and 2673 belong to
Aderocharis Sharp. (2566).
Ramona Casey. 2560 .
9329. capitulum Cu ey.

Leptogenius Casey. 2583).

9330. brevicornis Casey.

Scopaeus.
9331. rotundiceps Casey.
9332. truncaticep= Casey.

2545 belongs to

Scopaeodera Casey. (2549)-

2546-47 belong to
Leptorus Casey. (2549)-
9333. texanus Cas Y-
9334. bicolor Casey.

9335- versicolor Casey.
9336. longiceps Casey.
2550 belongs to
Orus Casey, (2549).
9337. parallelus (isey.
Tachinus.
9338. arcticus Mots.

—216—

Habrocerus.
Eumitocerus Casey.
9339. tarsalis Casey.

Platystethus.
9340. spiculus Hr.
Apocellus.

9341. niger Casey.
Phloeopterus Mots. (2802).
9342. filicornis Casey.
9343. longipalpus Casey.

Vellica Casey. (2802).
9344. longipennis Casey.
Lesteva.

9345. truncata Casey.

Amphichroum,

9346. flavicorne Casey.

9347. alutaceum Casey.

9348. pilosellum Casey. |

9349. veterator Casey.

9359. crassicorne Casey.
Pelecomalium Casey. (2819).

9351. binotatum Casey.

9352. modestum Casey.
Lathrimaeum.

9353- humerale Casey.
Homalium.

9354. algarum Casey.

fucicola || Caser.

9355. rugipenne Casey.
Orobanus.

9356. densus Casey.

9357. rufipes Casey.
Protinus.

9358. salebrosus Casey.

TRICHOPTERYGIDAE.

Actidium.
9359: rotundicolle Casey.
g360. robustulum (ts ¥.
9361. granulosa n (ser,
9362. attenuatum (user.
Ptilium.
9363. sulcatum (Cisey.

Trichopteryx.

9364. Crotehii Matth.
Smicrus.

9365. americanus Case”.
Ptinella.

9366. ? nigrovittis Lec.

Cartodera Thoms. (3796)
9369. intermedia Belon.

Corticaria:

3797=pubescens [Huiminel.

Byrrhus.
9371. fasciatus Fab.

SCAPHIDIIDAE.
2979 belongs to
Baeocera.
CORYLOPHIDAE.
3023—3024 belong to
Corylophodes Matth.
COCCINELLIDAE.

Exochomus.
septentrionis Weise=3083.

CRYPTOPHAGIDAE.
Cryptophagus.
9367. beringensis Salilb-

DERMESTIDAE.
Attagenus.
9368. varicolor Juyne.

NITIDULIDAE.
Pallodes.
3747. = pallidus Beauv.
LATRIDIIDAE.

3804. = fenestralis Linn,
3823. = distinguenda Cow.
9370. fulva Com.

BYRRHIDAE.
Ditaphrus Casey. (3910).
9372. scymnoides Casey.

DASCYLLIDAE.

Euscaphurus Casey. (3987).

Melasis.
9374. rufipennis Horn.
Stethon.

9375. errans Horn.
Eucnemis Ahrens. (4029).
9376. americanus Horn.

4046 belongs to
Deltometopus.
Dromaeolus.

9.77- nitens Lorn.

9378. Harringtoni Lorn.

9379 pusillus Horn.
Fornax.

9380. infelix Lorn.

9373- saltator Casey,
ELATERIDAE,

Microrrhagus.

9381. audax Horn,

9382. Bonvouloiri Horn.
Nematodes.

9383. pavidus Horn,

9384. teres Horn.
Phlegon.

9385. Ulkei Horn.
Cryptohypnus.

9386. barbatus Suhib.

Elater,

? fuscatus Melsh.=42 35-

? semivittatus Si. = 4483.

—218—

BUPRESTIDAE.

Buprestis. 9395- caurina Horn.
ao = en Linn. 9396. Blanchardi Horn.
oer oF a ai 9397. mali Horn.

Chrysobothris. 9398. nixa Horn.

4639 f. Rees 9399. deserta Horn.
ee re “4 2 9400. lixa Horn.
< 2 53° 9401. cyanella Horn.
4055 = 9495. 9402. humilis Horn.

—— cribraria Mann.=4639-
dissimilis Gory=46309.

—— posticalis L. & G.=4647.
— subcylindrica Mots.=4654.
——— errans Gory.=S. Amer.
— frontalis Oliv.—S. Amer.
thoracica Fab.=W. I.
9388. Edwardsii Horn.

9389. axillaris Horn.

9403. aerea Chev.

9404. Merkelii Horn.

9405. acutipennis Chev.
9406. libonoti Horn.

9407. impressa Hab.

9408. chalcophoroides [forn.
9409. scitula Gory.

9410. prasina Horn.

9390. purpureovittata Hori. Belionota.
9391. speculifer Horn. —— californica Mots. 4666.
9392. viridicyanea Horn.
9393. dolata Horn. Polycesta.
9394. ludificata Horn. 9411. angulosa Duval.
MALACHIDAE.
5091 belongs to
Listrus.
PTINIDAE.
Caenocara. Dinapate Horn. (5353).
9412. occidens Casey. 9413- Wrightii Horn.
LUCANIDAE.
Platycerus.

9414. californicus Casey.

SCARABAEIDAE.
Bradycirietus. Thyce.
9415. Hornii Rivers. 9416. marginata Casey.
CERAMBYCIDAE.
Malacopterus. 6365. = 6265.
6016 = lineatus Guer, 9418. vexatrix Mann.
Toxotus. 6432 belongs to
9417. nubifer Lec. Nossodrys Bater. (6448).
Leptura. contempta Bates=6432.
6319. =nitens Forst, Tetraopes.

2 = var. 222, .
6325. = var. of 6323 6509. = rubrocinereus Thoms.

—219—

CHRYSOMELIDAE.

Saxinis.

941g. propinqua Jac.
Fidia.

9420. lurida Lefr.
Adoxus.

6726 = obscurus Linn.

Myochrous.
—— ? plagiata Melsh.=6721.

Tymnes.
picipes Oliv.=9427.
9421. chrysis Oliv.
Paria.
6747. = canella Fab.
-—— thoracica Melsh.=6748.
— melanura Melsh.=6748.

Metachroma.
6757. interrupta Say.
? histrio Lef?.
6760. = lurida Oliv.
cuprea Prov.=6771.

Graphops.
9422. beryllinus Lee.
9423. obscurus Lee.
9424. varians Lec.
9425. bicolor Lefr.

Colaspis.
6774. = suilla Fub.
6774b. = Crotchii Lefr.
6775. = 9430.
— chrysis Oliv.=9424.
9426. flavicans Lefi.

6778 belongs to
Nodonota Lefr. (6777).
strigicollis Lefr.=6778b.

Bruchus.

Rhabdopterus Lefr. (6778).

9427, picipes Oliv.
Prasocuris.

6783. = vittata Oliv.
Doryphora.

6786. = 6783.

9428. Behrensi Har.
Phyllodecta.

9429. scutellaris Sahib.

Phyllobrotica.

6851. = livida Lee.
Luperus.

9430. maculicollis Lec.

9431. torquatus Lec.
Adimonia.

6902. =femoralis Mels/.
Hypolampsis.

rugosa Qliv.=6020.

Oedionychis.

9432. Horm Har.
Disonycha.

6949. = caroliniana Pub.
Haltica.

6964. = var. of 6963.
kalmiae Melsh.—=6963-

9433. polita Oliv.

9434. janthina Lee.
Lactica.

6975. = tibialis Oliv.

6976. = iris Oliv.
Crepidodera.

—— iris Oliv.=6976.

Chaetocnema.
Lecontei Duv.=7039.

BRUCHIDAE.

Zabrotes.

longiventris Sharp.=7139. 9435. subnitens J/orn.

TENEBR-ONIDAE.

Eleates Casey. (7542).

9436. occidentalis Casey.
CISTELIDAE.

Cistela.
—— pulla Melsh.=7607.

a ae

OTHNIIDAE.
Othnius.
9437. guttulatus Lec.
: —220—
MELANDRYIDAE.
Dircaea.—=
Phloeotrya Steph.
7671.=Vaudoueri Muls.

PYTHIDAE.
Pytho.
7710. = planus Oliv.
MORDELLIDAE.
Mordella. 9443. carinata Smith.
—— atrata Melsh.=7780. Mordellistena.
—— dimidiata Melsh.—=European. 9441. erratica Smith.
—— modesta Melsh.=7851. 9442. tarsalis Smith.
—_— pubescens Fub.=7851. 9443. pratensis Smith.
9438. immaculata Smith. 9444. conformis Smith.
9439. flaviventris Smith. 9445. hirticula Smith.
MELOIDAE.
Macrobasis.

S060. = torsa Lec.

OTIORHYNCHIDAE
Otiorhynchus.
944¢. picipes Fub.
CURCULIONDAE.
Barinus Casey. ($949).
9447. squamolineatus Casey.

CALANDRIDAE.
$pheriophorus. 9047. belongs to

_ fasciatus Fab. Not N. Amer. Allosimuss

SCOLYTIDAE.

Yo59—9061 belong to Hylesinus.
Gnathotrichus. 9449. trifohi Muell.
Pityophthorus. Bothrosternus. :

9448. querciperda Sz. 9450. Hubbardi Sz.

9102 belongs to Renocis Casey. (9175).
Cryphalus. 9451. heterodoxus Casev.
Dryocoetes. Crypturgus.

9116. = autographus Retz. 9186, = pusillus Gy/l.
Tomicus. Hylurgops.

9131 = 9101. 9199. = glabratus Zett.

SA

Notes on some Species of Geometridae, No, 3.
By Rev. Geo, D, HuLsT.

In following our Geome/ridae through the Aczdalinae and Caderinae,
I have found not a few problems which it has been impossible for me to
solve satisfactorily to myself. Among these has been the determination
of the reach of species variation. In the genera Acidaha, Semiothisa.
and Phasiane more particularly, species seem to have no limitations.
There is great variability, and so called species seem in many cases to
overlap each other, so that widely diverse forms, apparently subgeneric
in difference, exist with an almost if not quite unbroken intergradation.

But while this is true, and determination is involved in difficulty,
and becomes largely a matter of individual opinion, some determinations
and conclusions have been reached from a study of the literature, and a
comparison of large numbers of specimens which can it seems to me_ be
relied upon. Some of these I give in the following notes.

Luphanessa mendita, Walk. (| udarta mendica, C, B. M. Bombyc.
p. 576, 1854.) My reasons for believing this to 'be a Geometer are
given Ento. Am. Vol. I, p. 167. I would give ita place in the list next
to Lphyra, on account of shape of pupa, and the habit common to both
of suspending the pupa by the tail, and with a girth of silk about the
thorax, after the fashion of the Pafzliones.

Ephyra culicaria, Guen. (Guen, Phal. 1, 407, 1857.) Mr. Hy.
Edwards has a specimen from Ga. which exactly meets the description
of Guenee. But it is without doubt the same, with variety difference on-
ly, as what is known as £. myrtaria, E. culicaria was described Phal. I,
407, while £. myrfaria was described Phal. I. 408. The name will
therefore be 2. culicarza with myrfaria as the name of a variety.

Acidaha ossularta, (Hiitbn, Geyer, Zutr. f. gog, gt0, 1837.) ‘This
is a small, very widely spread, and quite variable species. It is found
all over the country, and seems to be very common in Texas and Arizo-
na. It varies much in the width and distinctness of the cross lines.
While unable to satisfy myself by the descriptions alone, I would not be
surprised if A. magniferaria, Walk. A. retractaria, Walk., as well as
some others of his unidentified species, might be synonyms of this one,

Acidalia longipennata,, Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sci. p. 71.
1873.) Iam unable to separate this species, and A. peralbatz, Pack. |
do not think they can be separated, even as varietal forms of
the same species. Certainly the very frail distinctions. upon which by
comparison Dr. Packard endeavors to show their difference are variable,
and are not shown in his figures Mon. Geom. pl. 10, f. 47, 48.

Entomologica Americana. 31 February 1887.

De

Acidalia hepaticaria, Guen.(Phal. I, 471, 1857.) Guenee’s descrip-
‘ion easily reveals that this is the insect afterwards described and now
venerally known as A, rubromarginata, Pack.

Acidalia luteolata. Hulst. This insect described Brook. Bull. III,
4°, 1880, as Cidarta luteolata, is an Acidalia and is intermediate between
A. inductita, Guen, and A. sideraria, Guen..

Acidalia sideraria, Guen. (Phal. I, 450, 1857). This insect was a!-
terwards describea as A. ca/iforniata, and A. pacifi-aria, by Dr. Packard.

Acidalia frigidaria, Moeschler, (Wiener Ento. Monats, p. 44, 1860).
Dr. Packard puts this as a varietal form of A. tducfafa, Guen., which
indeed it may be, But if we thus place it, and are consistent, there will
have to be considerable ‘‘lumping” of other species. A. /rigzdaria,
bears no closer relation to A. inductata, than do A. sideraria, and A. sen-
Haarta, In my judgement it is nearer A. s¢eraria, than any other form.
As species are now determined in this genus it seems to me to have ex-
cellent right to specific distinction.

Actdalia magnetaria, Guen. (Phal. I, 450, 1857). This is the in—
sect afterwards described as 4. rubrolineata, by Dr. Packard.

Acidalia gurata, Guen. (Phal. I, 488, pl. 7, f.6, 1857). Of this
species we have not only a description, but a figure given us by Guenee.
I can not see how any one can doubt its identity with 4. cacuminaza,
Morrison, Zeller gives a more detailed description of the insect than
does Guenee, but Guenee’s figure is all sufficient for determination,

Phrygionis argentistriata, Streck. This was afterwards described as
Byssodes obrussala, by Mr. Grote. Mr. Grote makes use of the generic
name of Guenee, Mr. Strecker of the Verzeichniss name of Hiibner. It
is pleasant to see, as the smoke of the Hiibnerian conflict in passing
away, how Entomologists have come almost to a unanimity concerning
the value of the Hiibnerian names. Almost no one allows the possibil—
ity of the use of the ‘‘Tentamen” names. But the names of the Verzeich-
inss and Zutraege have come into very general recognition, for what-
ever can be alleged as a valid reason for discarding them, would throw
out the most of all generic names prior to Hiibner’s time, and a very
large number of all that have since obtained currency, It is true the
determination of the reach of Hiibner’s genera is involved in difficulty,
but in the Geome/sridae that difficulty would hardly be lessened by ignor-
ing them, On the contrary, in the Geome/ridae the adoption of the Ver-
zeichniss and Zutraege names, with the genus based on what is of gen-
eric importance in the type specics, would be wonderfully helpful. — I
confess myself to be one of the converted ones in regard to the Hibner-
ian genera, and since I have looked into the maze of the genera of the
Geomet:idae, 1 am glad 1 am converted.

Deilinia quadrinotataria, A. Sch, (Aus. Schm. f. 347, 1855). This
was afterwards described by Mr. Grote as D. septemfluaria, In his ‘‘New
Check List”, Mr. Grote has the name JD. seplemlinearia, There is a va-
rietal form, quite different in appearance, but Mr. Grote’s description
and type are exactly the form pictured by Herrich Schaeffer under the
name Zregrammaria quidrino/ataria.

Semiothisa grassata, Hulst, (Brook, Bull. 1V, 33, 1881). This is
a synonym of S praeatomata, Haw. Lep, Brit. 645, 1810. ‘The differ-
ence between the two is hardiy worthy a varietal name.

Semiothisa pitriiata, Grote, (Can. Ent. XV, 129, 1883), is a syno-
nym of S. mudialimeata, Pack., as I learn from an examination of Mr.
Grote’s type.

Semiothisa vellvolata, Hulst, (Brook. Bull. 1V, 34, 1880). This
species belongs to Paraphia.

Semiothisa sexpunctata, Bates, (Can. Ent. XVIII, 75, 1886). Mr.
Bates has very kindly loaned me the types of the three species of Geome-
éridae described by him in Vol. XVIII, of the Can, Ent., and my deter-
minations are based upon a study of these types. The above species is
a synonvm of S, dentica/atu. Grt. (Can. Ent. XV, 133, 1883.) It dif
fers only in being a very little more clouded cinereous. S. dentculata,
is IN my opinion a variety of S. grandatz, Guen, and was probably one
of Mr. Walker's many descriptions.

Phasiane aberrata, Hy, Edw, (Pap. IV. 48, 1884). This is a syn-
onym of Napuca orcifirata, Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 1693, 1862),
which is at best a variety only of Aspilates gilvaria, Linn, I have the
type of Mr. Edwards species, a colored drawing of Mr. Walker’s type,
as well as specimens of A, galvarta from Europe. The American insect
is generally considerably darker than the, European, but many of the
specimens exactly correspond. I have no doubt the reception of speci-
mens from Labrador was what led Mr. Moeschler to state, (Wiener Ento.
Monats. VIII, 1866), that he had received A. gvarda, from that country.
The species seems Arctic and widely spread. Walker reports it from
Arctic America; Moeschler from Labrador; Mr. Edwards’ type came
from the catch of Capt, Geddes in N. W. Brit. Columbia. Staudinger
in his Catalogue states it is found generally through Central Europe, es-
pecially in the mountainous districts, as well as far eastin Amur, So
while in Europe a Northern Temperate species, it does not seem to be
Arctic. Mr. Walker’s name can stand for a good variety,

Phasiane cinereata, Bates, (Can. Ent. XVIII, 75, 1886), isa syno-
nym of P, neptafa, Guen. The type is in poor condition, being much
denuded, so that the lines are nearly obsolete.

Pahastane mellistrigata G. and R. (Buff. Bull. I, 12, pl. 1, ff 11,
1873) Iam unable save as a varietal form to separate from this species
P. trifasciata, Pack. (6th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sci. p. 46, 1874.) The
presence of three dusky lines on hind wings in the latter is a very varia-
ble quantity as is also the slight obliquity and sinuousness of the outer
line of the fore wings

Phasiane colata, Grt. (Pap. II, 167, 1881.) This is a redescription
of P. nubeculata, Pack. (Mon, Geom. p. 267, pl. 13, f 45, 1876.) In
some specimens the outer lines are sinuous but the form described by
Mr. Grote seems to be the same as that which Dr, Packard named.

oo

SOCIEDGY “NEWS.

Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Dec. 7th, 1886. Nine members present. Discus—
sion was had in reference to a change of loecahty for meeting, which resulted in
the appointment of a committee to lease a room ip the Saengerbund Building
for one year. Mr. Weeks read a short note on the habit of X yloryctes satyrus.
He noticed one evening early in July a loud humming or whirring sound ina
small thicket,and succeeded in taking a specimen of X satyrus. After vain endeavors
to catch them in flight, his attention was drawn to a young ash, and there he
found 14 specimens all marching for the roots and one more than half burried
in the ground; the sexes being about equally divided. Buprestidae and Arctiidae
were compared and named by the members present.

January 4th, 1887. Nineteen persons present. The reports of officers were
read and accepted and that of the president was ordered printed. The following
officers were elected: Prest. G. W. J. Angell; Vice Pres., Dr. S. W. Williston:
Treasurer, Chris. H. Roberts; Ree. Sec’y, A. C. Weeks; Corr. Sec’y, Wm. Beut-
tenmueller; Librarian, R. F. Pearsall; Curators, M. L. Linell and Wm. Beutten-
mueller; Pub. Com., the Editors and Messrs Hy. Edwards, b. Neumoegen, E.
L. Graef, O. Dietz. Exec.‘\Comm., E. L. Graef, A. W. Pp. Cramer, Chas. Palm,
Geo. D. Hulst. ‘'’he evening was taken up in routine business and no papers
were read. :

Entomological Society of Washington. 3rd Annual Meeting January 6,
1887. ,The Treasurer and Recording Secretary presented their reports for the
past year and the Society proceeded then to the election of officers for the year
1887 which resulted as follows: President, Mr. L. O. Howard; First Vice-presi-
dent, Dr. J. G. Morris; Second Vice-president, Dr. Geo. Marx; Corresponding
Secretary, Mr. J. B..Smith; Recording Secratary, Mr. E. A. Schwarz; Treasurer
Mr. B. P. Mann; Members of the Executive Committee: Dr. C. V. Riley, Mr.
Theo, Pergande, Mr. O. Lugger. The annual address of the president, Mr.
Howard was then read. After a review of the progress of the Society and cer-
tain recommendations as to future policy, he announced as his subject—‘‘A con-
sideration of so much of the morphology of the Chalcidide as is necessary to the
comparative description of genera and species.’’ The address consisted. of
a brief historical review of the study of this group, dwelling mainly on the char-
acters used by different authors, followed by a somewhat extended discussion of
external anatomy of the family asa whole. Each portion of the body was
taken up in turn and described, its variations mentioned, and its possibilities in
descriptive work discussed, °

IC
AMERICANA

Bk. It, BROOKLYN, MARCH, 1887. NO. 12.

Description of new genera and species of North
American Myriopoda ( /u/idae)

By C. H. BoLiMan.

In examining the material of this family in the Museum of thé In
diana University and my own collection, I have found that the following
species do not appear to be described.

Fame A. J ULIDAB each:
Genus I. NANNOLENE, gen. noy.

Antennae short, subzlavate, joints longer than wide, second and sixth subequal,
the latter enlarged as in Cambala. Mandibulary combs 6 (5), Guathochilarium
somewhat spatulate, stipes separated attenuated at the base,mentum entire,exposed,
promentum divided almost as in Cambala or Iuomorpha; lingual lobes denticulated.
Segments constricted in the middle, the anterior ten segments striate from the feet to
the pore, striae diminishing on the others: at the junction of the anterior and poste
rior parts of almost every segment are round impressions, larger than the repugna-
torial pore. which extend around all the segments except the anterior 6-8. Repu
enatorial pore commencing on the sixth segment, placed in the posterior part.
fourth segment footless. Feet long and slender. Male: Tirst pair of leys short,
usual number of joints, somewhat thickened, unarmed; penultimate joint of the sixth
and seventh pairs of legs produced on the inner side.

This genus is related more to Caméa/a, than any other, although it
approaches /u/omorpha in the form of the promentum, The following
species is the type.

Nanolene burkei, sp. noy. Light brown, a lateral row of large brown spots,
a brown band between eyes. Slender, not smooth or pilose. Vertex smooth, a faint
inedian sulcus, setigerous foveolae absent. | Antennae equalling the width of body,
pilose. Eyes distinct, triangular; ocelli 2 to 5. Segments 50 or 51. Sides of firs!
segment striate. others moderately striate beneath, posterior margin of each segment

with fine parallel striae. Last segment rounded; anal valves not marginate, pilose;

20 —

anal scale obtusely rounded, pilose. | Kepugnatorial pore small, not touching the

transverse suture. Pairs of feet about 87, extending beyond the sides of body.

Male: Mandibulary stipes a little produced in the middle; genitalia concealed.
Length of body 18 mm., width — mm.

Habitat. Utah, California,

I have examined two adults and two young of this species collected
by Mr. James K. Burke after whom the species is named.

Genus Il. PARAJULUS, Humbt. & Sauss.

To this genus belong our larger species of so-called Fulus, From
the latter genus it is easily seperated by the number of mandibulary
combs (to), the dwarfed second pair of feet and the form of the first seg-
ment of the male with its appendages.

Under the genus Zu/us. Wood says ‘‘In all species in which I have
had the opportunity of examining sexes, the form of the first scutum
distinguishes them with certainty. In the male its antero-posterior dia-
meter is large, and there are well marked lateral margins running nearly
at right angles to the others. In the female the anterior posterior dia-
meter is much less, but laterally the scutum is so produced that the an-
terior and posterior margins may in most cases be said to meet one an-
other at an angle. ‘he males are further distinguished by a peculiar
alterition of the first pair of leet, which are transformed into a pair of
very large, thick organs.”

By applying this remark to those species of which he had both sexes,
we have uivst ol the species known to be in this genus at present, The
following is a Kev to the subgenera,

a. First segment enlarged in the male. First pair of feet of male large, cras-

sate, 1 umerou: short tuberci les on the inner side. Paraju. us.
aa First segment alike in both sexes. First pair of feet of male short thick,
tubere es absent. Pseudojulus.

Sub-genus Parajulus.

2. Parajulus castaneus, sp. nov. Color nearly the same as in P. impressus,
(Say.) Moderately slender, rough, not pilose. Vertex finely wrinkled, a faint me-
dian sulcus, setigerous foveole present. Antenne equalling the width of body.
Kyes distinct, triangular, ocelli 54—8. Segments 42—51. Sides of first segment
striated, others deeply striate beneath, above with numerous short lines, which are
branched. J.ast segment produced into a moderate spine, projecting beyond the
anal valves, not pilose; anal valves not marginate, pilose; anal scale obtusely round-
ed, smali. Kepugnatorial pore moderate, touching the transverse suture, which is
sharply sinuate. Pairs of feet 66, equalling the width of body. Male. Mandibu-
lary stipes strongly produced; coxae of the second pair of feet asin impressus;
genitalia about half concealed, composed of three plates; anterior plate round, clavate,
p lose; midd'e plate curving up in front of anterior, and expanding between them
into an elongate plate, which has three lobes or spines on the inner side, the first large,
the second small and right behind it, the last small, placed near the end; posterior

plate curving upwards and inward till they meet and then outwards, end not bifid.
Flagellum not detected. Length of body 23 mm.; width 2 mm.

Habitat, Ft, Snelling, Minnesota.

I have a male and female collected by Mr. George Howe. On ac-
count of the bad condition of the female, the ocelli and pairs of feet
could not be counted,

Sub-genus Pseudojulis, sub, gen, nov.

3. Parjulus obtectus, sp. nov. Color as in impressus, but more bright.
Robust, attenuated anteriorly, not smooth or pilose. Vertex with a median sulcus,
setigerous foveolae present. Antenne exceeding the width of body. Eyes distinct,
triangular; ocelli 40-55, arranged in 7 9 ser'vs. Segments 50-55. Sides of first
segment striate; other segments deeply stria'e, usper surface almost as in impressus.
Last segment produced into a rather large and robust spine, projecting beyond the
anal valves; anal valves smooth, barely maiginate; anal scale moderate, obtusely
triangular. Repugnatorial pore large, not toiching the transverse suture, which is
deeply marginate. Pairs of feet 80-95, e<tendit g beyond the sides of body.

Male: Mindibulary stipes not produced much beneath; coxee of the second
pair not drawn out; genitalia concealed.

Length of body 18-30 mm; width 1.8-2.2 mm;

Habitat. Booomington, Indiana and Florida.

I have examined a large number of females, but only a few males,
and I have not attempted to give a description of the genitalia,

4. Parajulus varius, sp. nov. Color as in impressus, but of a different shade.
Slender, not smooth or pilose. Vertex finely wrinkled, a median sulcus, setigerous
foveolze absent. Antenne exceeding the width of body. Eyes distinct, triangular;
ocelli 40-75, arranged in 7-9 series. Segments 50 55. Sidesof first striate; otheis
not deeply striate beneath, finely wrinkled and striate above. [ast segment produc—
ed into a moderate spine, barely passing the anal valves, anal valves not marginate;
anal scale large, triangular, sparsely pilose. Repugnational pore moderate, not
touching the transverse suture, which is nearly straight. Pairs of feet 75-90, scarce-
ly extending beyond the sides of body.

Male: Mandibulary stipes not much produced beneath; venitalia concealed.

Length of body 18-24 mm; width 1.5-1.8 mm.

Habitat, San Diego, California, (Miss Rosa Smith); Ukiah, Gale
(Mr. James K. Burke); Rossario Mission, Lower California, (Mr.
Charles Arcutt. )

I have examined two specimens from San Diego, three from Ukiah,
and numerous specimens mostly broken from the later locality. Those
from the last place are very dark in color, but otherwise they do not differ,

Genus SPIROBOLUS, Brandt.
Sub-genus Rhinoncrinus, Karsch.

5. Spirobolus pensacole, sp. nov. Above dark green, segments margined
with reddish brown, face, anterior and posterior segments bright green, feet lighter

than in marginatus. Moderately robust, attenuated before, about twelve anterior
segments crassate beneath, not smooth, Vertex smooth, sparsely punctate, median
sulcus interrupted; elytral foveole 8. Antenne short. Eyes trapezoidal; ocelli 45 7
Segments 49. First segment sulcate, anterior border sinuate; second segment with
the lobe not so broad and more nearly triangular, than in maryinatus. © Other sex-
ments rough, punctation most nunerous on the posterior half; striae decurved; strong
on the posterior half, Last segment pointed, densely punctate; anal valves margin-
ate; anal scale rounded, Kepuznatorial pore large. Pairs of feet 92, extending be
youd sides of body.

Length of body 86 mm; width 9 mm,

Habitat. Pensacola, Florida.

‘This species is described from one female, collected by the author
in the spring of 1886. It is in all related to murgmatus rather than any
other of our species.

Spirobolus hebes, sp. nov. Ochraceous brown, a lateral row of spots, fect
light. Robust, not attenuate, somewhat crassaie, not smooth. Vertex smooth,
sparsely punctate, median sulcus interrupted; clypeal foveolae 8. Antennae short.
eyes subuiangular; ocelli 29-38, arranged in 6 series. Segments 39-41. — First seg-
ment acute, more so in the male than in the female; second sezment strongly pro
duced beneath; almost subquadrate, rounded, Other segments sparsely punctate,
yumerous short lines above, striae decurved. Repugnatorial pore small.

Pairs of feet 76-79, short. Male: Coxae of the 3-6 pairs of feet most produced:
yentral plate smooth, triangular. Genitalia inner part of anterior plate rough,
twice as high as ventral plate, external part with the end rounded and not pro-
ituced; posterior plate thick, a little bent, the end small and rounded, beneath are
iwo serrated lobes and below these a hard and a blunt lobe.

Length of body 45.48 mm. width 7-8 mm.

Habitat, San Diego, California.

| have examined a male and female of this species collected by, Miss
Kosa Smith, ‘

JULUS Linnaeus.

Julus owenii sp. nov. Pale brown, a lateral row of spots, a pale oval spot at
the base of antennae. Slender, not smooth, not pilose. Vertex rough, a faint
median sulcus; setigerous foveolae absent. Antenne subclavate, equalling the width
of body. Eyes indistinct, subrotund; ocelli not all filled out, about 28-6 or 7.

Segments 38-40. First segment thin, striate. Other segments striate above and
beneath. Last segment rounded; anal valves not marginate; anal scale triangular.
Repugnatorial pore large, touching transverse suture, which is excised. Pairs of
feet 54-66, equal to the width of body. Male: Mandibulary stipes not much pro-
duced; first pair of legs small, uncmate; genitalia concealed,

Length of body 9.2-16.6 mm.; width .6-.7 mm,

Habitat. New Harmony, Indiana.
Vhis species is described from two males collected by Dr. Richard
Owen. It is related to Fulus hortensis Wooa,

—229—

Family POLYDESMIDAE, Leach.
Genus PARADESMUS Saussure.

Paradesmus evides sp. nov. Coloration as in-P. erythropygus. korn more
slender. Vertex smooth, median sulcus continuous, not much excavated between the
antennae. First segment more rounded. Inner angle of the lateral carinae not
serrated. Genitalia entirely different, short, robust, pilose, scarcely bent, grooved
above at the end, and divided into two blunt lobes.

Length of body 26 mm.; width 4 mm,

Habitat. Winona, Minnesota,

I have examined one whole specimen and a number of broken
ones, collected by Prof. J. M. Holzinger. This species can be easily
seperated from erythropygus by the markings of the vertex, the smooth
lateral carinae and especially by the male genitalia.

Family GEOPHILIDAE, Leach.
Genus GEOPHILUS Leach.

Geophilus glaber sp. nov. Olivaceous, head, antennae and mouth parts
brown, an indistinct black, median dorsal line. Robust, attenuated posteriorly, not
pilose, punctate; sternum wider than long; coxae longer than wide (7:5), armed:
claw moderately curved, teeth weak.

Cephalic plate large, narrowed behind, longer than wide (10: 8); frontal plate
present; basal plate more than twice as wide as long (10: 4), partly covered by the
cephalic plate. First joints of antennae long. Anterior spiracle very large, oval;
posterior smali, nearly circular. Dorsal plates bisulcate; anterior predorsal plate
small, posterior large; ventral plates with a median sulcus. Posterior coxae not
much swollen, pores above and below, large and small. Last ventral plate large,
sides rounded, not converging much. Anal pore large. Last pair of feet of female
slender. Pairs of feet of the female 53-55.

Length of body 50-53 mm., width 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Utah, California.

I have examined three females collected by Mr. James K. Burke.

rr

Observations on some North American Capsidae.

By P. R. UHLER.

Through the kindness of Mr. Andrew Bolter, I have recently re-
ceived many important forms of this interesting group, some of which
were the results of his careful collecting in distant parts of the United
States, including localities as widely separated as Florida and California.
Dr. Hagen has also sent me for study the extensive collections of these
insects belonging to the Agassiz Museum at Cambridge, Mass. Also,
other friends too numerous to mention, have placed their specimens at
my disposal, so that 1 have at length been able to study long seics ol
nearly all the described Capsidae of North America.

While studying the material alluded to, I have met with. certain
synonyms; and some new species, which I desire to record at this time.

Nabidea, Uhler, Proceedings. Boston Soc. N.H. 1878, proves to be
the same as Collaria Provancher: and the species coracina Uhler, is his
C. Meilleurii, It is a form closely allied toG/odiceps of which one species
inhabits Canada and the more Northern States; a second, C. ifuscata
Uhl., is common throughout the Middle and Southern States; and a
third inhabits Cuba and San Domingo,

COLLARIA, Prov

C. explicata, new sp. Form nearly of ©. infuscata, but rather more slender.
Color fulvo-testaceous deeper anteriorly and on the basal joint of antennz and _ tips
of femora. Head smooth before the eyes, the base transversely wrinkled; front
prominent, rufous; the superior lobe of cheeks, tip of rostrum, and eyes blackish.
piceus. Underside of head prosternum, vertex, and base of all the legs pale ye! ow.
Rostrum reaching the posterior coxe. Antennz about one and a half times the
length of the body, slender, fuscous beyond the basal joint. Pronotum coarsely,
unevenly punctate, the central raised line, and the collar pale, the callosities distinet
and more or less rufous; each side of base is a round velvety black spot. Scutellum
slightly duskey, the middle ridge and base paler. Legs long, delicately hirsute, the
femora distinctly dotted with black near the base, the nails, tips of femora, and
apical portion of tarsi piceous, Wing covers pale testaceous, the clavus, except at
base, and the inuer half, or more, of the corium dark fuscous; the cuneus and outer
margin of the membrane very pale testaceous, remainder of the membrane fuligi-
nous, with the nervures dark fuscous; wings very faintly tinged with fuliginous, iri
descent, the veins pale piceous.

Specimens were kindly sent to me from Cuba by Dr. Gundlach,

and others were collected by myself in San Domingo.
CAMPTOBROCHIS, Fieb.

C. grandis, new sp. Pale fuscous, or dull chestnut brown, polished. Ellipti-
cal, rather more acute at both ends than C. punctulatus Illiger. Head generally
ivory white at base, dull testaceous on the vertex, with a curved band of black dots
between the base of the eyes, sometimes with a central oval pale spot bounded _be-
neath by black dots, and with a black stripe each side of tylus, the tylus, labrum
and basal joint of rostrum more or less piceous. Antenne slender, testaceous, in-
fuscated at base and tip, the second joint feebly thickened at tip, and with a black
band at each end. Underside of head piceo-flavous, or testaceous. Rostrum slen-
der, testaceous, piceous at tip, reaching behind the posterior cox. Pronotum
short, but rapidly narrowing towards the head, polished, convex, very coarsely, win-
evenly, remotely punctate, callosities black, polished, very distinct, separated by a
pale spot; and behind this is sometimes a larger testaceous spot; lateral mar-
gin sinuated, the immediate edge ivory white, or pale; humeral angles a little con—
vexly elevated. Scutellum feebly punctate, with the margin, a spot each side at
base, and a line at tip pale testaceous, the disk more or less piceous. Pectus and
abdomen dark piceous. Coxee and legs testaceous, with two piceous bands at tip
of posterior femora; intermediate and posterior tibize generally with two, less dis—
tinct, brown bands, and the tips of all the tibize and tarsi piceous. Hemelytra pale
testaceous, clouded with brown, or nearly uniform brown, polished, punctate. In

pale specimens the corium has a piceous spot near the base, a zigzag band across the
middle, and a distinct spot on the outer angle and hind margin, while the pale cun-
eus has a picous base and tip, The membrane is clouded with fuscous, and has the

veins of a darker hue.
Length to tip of hemelytra J’ 6, Q 7} millims, width of base of prothorax 23

millims.
The measurements given are taken from the largest specimens.

Smaller ones are a full millimetre shorter than the length given above.

Specimens of the smaller size have been taken by myself from
Grape-vines during July, in Maryland. Others have been sent to me
from Ontario, Canada, by Mr. Petit; from Missouri, by Prof. Riley;
from Ohio, by Mr. Wm. Holden; from the northern part of British
America, by Robert Kennicott, and from Vancouver’s Island, by James
Behrens.

This is an unusually large species in the genus to which it belongs,
and adds another to the useful forms which roam about over vegetation
to destroy the caterpillars of some kinds of small Phalaenidae.

In Canada it reaches its largest size, and in Maryland and Virginia
it appears to be generally of smaller proportions.

It hibernates, like its congener, C. zebulosus, in hollow or decaying
twigs, or beneath loose bark of various trees and vines. In such situa-
tions it may sometimes be taken in winter; several specimens being
crowded together in the same cavity.

+ aa

Disch rius filiformis Lec. 1 found in July at Coney Island. They
were under bits of shingle and paper lying close to the muddy sand a
little back from the shore which is only washed by the sea at unusually
high tides. They were not buried in the sand, but had made slender
tracks as they travelled about and sought shelter by burying themselves
when their covering was removed.,.

Cicindela marginata was at the same place abundant,

C. W. Leng.
*

Chrysobothris azurea Lec. was found by Mr. Beutenmiiller and my-
self on Staten Island early in June, and the season ended by July 4th.
About 30 specimens were taken by beating a species of Dogwood. The
brightly colored insect looked very tempting clinging to the branches in
the sunlight. They always rested with the tip of the abdomen depressed
and the anterior legs extended. C. W. Leng.

The larva of Ptinus Latro /a/.

By Dr. Hy A. Hacen.

Rev. J. E. Werren, of Abington, Mass., brought home -last year
among other plants the ‘“‘Edelweiss” Gwaphalium (Leontopodium) alpi-
num Cass. from Switzerland. The Edelweiss was collected about July
on the Seeberg Alps near Greisimmen about 26 miles from Thun. “On
account of travelling the plants received very poor attention, butas they
were perfect, when putting them in the press, it seems to be not probable
that the larva were developed then. The plants were not touched since
early in August.

The work of the larva was discovered in December, but the beetles
were not found until the first week of January, ‘The larvae have apparent
ly not touched the leaves of the Edelweiss, but had been very voracious
on the thick blotting paper; nevertheless (as stated in a former letter)
several specimens were eaten through and spoiled by the insects. All
other plants were unhurt, though some thicknesses of the blotting paper
were also eaten through.

I received one imago and one full grown larva: both had been alive
when sent, but during the short trip the imago was killed and all legs
to near the base of the femur and the antennz were eaten, apparently by
the still living larva. Ina second pair sent to me the imago was alive,
but two legs and one antenna eaten by the larva.

The larva is 4 mm. long, corncolored. yellow, the head of a pale
brownish hue; the whole body thinly covered with pale short villosity;
the extreme part of the mouth and the mouth-parts are blackish.

The larva is similar to those of Pé#mus dubius described by Perris,
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1862, p. 204. The 2 imagos are females of Pinus
latro Fab.

As this species is not yet known in N. America, I may draw atten-
tion to this fact, as the bettle is not rare everywhere in Germany, and can
be, as shown, imported into the U. S. with botanical specimens,

Very few, (only six,) of the larvae of Ptinus are known. The biologi-
cal collection has one of them, P#. fur and besides the earlier stages of
Pt. rufipes and Pt. latro both of them not yet described,

$$» +

Dianous caerulescens Gyll, 1 found in great numbers from April to
November at a little waterfall on Staten Island. They cling to boards
and stones directly under the falls where the force of the water is con
siderable. COW, eng.

* a

Mr. HULST’S OBSERVATIONS ON PRONUBA

YUCCASELER
By Pror. C. V. RILEY.

On page 184, current volume of ‘‘Enromotocica AMERICANA”, Mr.
Geo. D. Hulst is reported as making the following statements in refer-
ence to Pronuba yuccasella, and I assume correctly since, being one of
the editors, he has opportunity to read and probably write his own state-
ments: |

“Prof, Riley, after many and extended observations, gave the his—
tory of the fertilization of this plant, concluding that the moth is a neces-
sity to the continuation of the plant, that fertilization was effected by it
alone and that every developed seed vessel bore evidence of the work of
the Moth by the presence of the larvae within the capsule.”

He then refers to the method of oviposition and pollination by this
moth as described by me, and states that his observations have not
brought him to the same conclusion arrived at by me. He further states
his belief that there must be very extensive fertilization of this plant by
honey bees. ‘because he found these ‘‘plentiful about the flowers”; that
the majority of the seed capsules examined by him showed no indication
of larvae of any sort; and finally refers to the-fact that Yucca is sometimes
fertile in foreign countries. - : .

There ‘- much error and unwarranted conclusion in the two short
paragraphs in which the above information is vouchsafed.

For over 16 years now I have very carefully studied the habits of
Pronuéba in connection with Yucca, not in one locality alone but in
nearly every State east of the Rocky Mountains where that genus occurs
either indigenously or by introduction. I have also had occasion to
study itin many places in Europe in which it js cultivated, and the re-
sults have been published in several papers.

. In reference to honey bees frequenting Yuccas it is rather strange
‘that Mr. Hulst’s experience differs so from mine; for, so far as my ex-
-.perience goes, neither honey bee nor any other honey-loving Hymenop-
tera frequent the Yucca flowers and this is what we should expect from
. the very nature of these flowers. They are half closed during the dav
and do not open until toward evening when bees are hiveward bound:
. the anthers do not-open till then and the pollen is elutinous,adhering in
lumps either on the curled anthers or to the inside of the perianth. It
would not adhere to hirsute Hymenoptera, and in point of fact these are
not found in the flowers. I have given a list of the insects most frequvent-

—234—

lv found in Yucca flowers ' and this list is the result of my own exami-
nations nightly and daily for many years as well as the result of the ob-
servations of others. It includes nor Honey-bee nor other Hymenop—
tera. Neither Mr. 'T. Pergande nor Mr, E. A. Schwarz, who have often
assisted me in my observations (which cannot well be made alone), have
seen the honey-bee in these flowers. I would call upon Mr. Hulst to
state positively and plainly whether he has ever seen the honey bee within
the flowers of Yucca, or in any way carrying pollen which he recognized
to be that of Yucca.

Against his statement I will place my own that honey-bees are very
rarely seen even about the flowers, and this is in accord with the ob-
servations of Herman Mueller,and others, that it is not attracted to white
flowers. It might be ever so abundantly flying aéout the flowers with-
out having any possible connection with their pollination unless it gets
within.

Instead of stating that fertilization was effected by Pronuba alone
and ‘‘that every developed seed vessel bore evidence of the Moth by the
presence of the larvae within the capsule” I took particular pains to show,
in my very first article on the subject in 1872 *, that the fleshy-fruited
Yuccas exceptionally fructify without Pronuéa, Subsequently, in 1880 |
explained how this might exceptionally occur. In proof I quote:

“It is so very plain from the above quotations that, while I have
held and stil] maintain that it is the rule for our Yuccas to be pollinized
by Pronuéa, I have nevertheless admitted that the rule is not without
exceptions. The rarity of Yucca-fructification in those parts of America
or in other countries where the plants are not indigenous and Pronuén
may be presumed not to occur; the uniform failure to fructify whenever
the moth has been excluded from the flowers both in my own experi-
ments and those of Mr. J. M. Milligan and of Mr. Meehan; and the
non-fructification, even where the moth exists, of those species which
bloom either before or after she appears all serve to emphasize the rule. °

I have also drawn attention to the occurrence of capsules non-in-
fested with the Pronuéa larvae and explained why such are found.’

My statements in reference to the methods of oviposition and polli
nation and their consequences, resulted from the most careful study,

1 Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Sci,, Vol. XXIX., p. 626.
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. II.

3 Proc, Am, Ass Ady. Sci., Vol. XXIX., p. 627.
4 Ibid, p. 623.

w

which can only be made satisfactorily at night with the assistance of a
confederate. If Mr. Hulst has any valid reasons for not coming to the
same conclusions, he will better advance our knowledge by giving his
reasons than by the mere expression of an opinion without evidence that
he is in any way justified in it. Until he does the presumption is that
he has carelessly observed or has even confounded Pronuba and Prodoxus
as others have done before him,

Finally, I commend to Mr. Hulst a more careful study of my writ-
ings upon this subject and especially those in the Proceedings of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science for 1880and 1882,
and when he has more critically observed the insect in the plant he will cor-
roborate all that I have written in the way of facts and observations and
agree with me that they fully justify the opinions expressed, which may
be summed up thus:

1. Yucca by the very nature of its flowers is normally incapable of
self-fructification. This is essentially true of the dehiscent species which
occur in the Northern States.

II. Pronuba yuccasella is modified in the female so as to enable her
to gather the pollen and to fructifv the fruit. Careful observation of the
insect itself proves that function is here, as elsewhere, rightly correlated
with structure and that not a solitary case of Yucca fructification by an-
other insect has ever vet been witnessed by any one.

III. The only exception to the fruiting of Yucca without the help
of Pronula is in A. alorfolia, and while I have admitted the possibility of
exceptional pollination by other insects, the fact remains that none have
been observed to have the power. I have shown that. self-fertilization
may take place with this species and that its exceptional fruiting where
Pronuéa is out of the question is more likely due to such fertilization
than to the agency of other insects; because, from personal observations,
both published anu partly unpublished, over the whole region in which
the plant indigenously grows, I know the fruit to be abundant where
Pronuba occurs and that it then always bears evidence of her presence:
whereas where she does not occur the fruit is scant and very excep-
tional.

IV, ‘That a certain variable proportion of Yucca capsules develop
without trace of the Pronuéa larvae is explained by the fact that pollina-
tion, as | have shown, often takes place without successful OVIposition:
or that successful hatching of the eggs or development of the larvae may
be prevented from various causes. ‘That pollination is rare without
oviposition is proved by my direct observations of the acts and by the
fact that comparatively few perfect capsules (or those which do not show
the evidence of oviposition) are to be found even where no larve’ have

—236—

resulted. The fruit without larvae, bears, with scarcely any exception to
those familiar with such tokens, the traces of the ovipositor, or of the par-
tial feeding of a perished larva.

Until the fruit is full grown it is very difficult to detect the larva;
and its presence in the softer, partially developed pods is easily over-
looked, in ordinary dissection. Such I know to be the fact from exten-
ded work in my studies of the hatching and development of the larva.
The proportion of infected capsules is best seen in the season when the
fruit is matured and the larvae have left it through their characteristic
perforations. In short, my experience, corroborated by that of others,
is, that the proportion is very small indeed in which the larva does not
occur, and that such almost always bear evidence of oviposition having
taking place.

Washington, D. C., January 18th., 1887.

——————(»>-- - aa

Remarks upon Prof. Riley’s Strictures.
By Geo. D. HuLsr.

Prof, Riley is right. when he says the Society report referred to by
iim, misrepresents him. Had he called my attention to it, I should
gladly have inserted a correction. So far as it touches Prof. Riley, |
amend the report, and state as follows: Prof. Riley, after many observa-
tions, concludes that the dehiscent species of Yucca are fertilized only by
ihe agency of Pronuba yuccasella, A very large majority of the seed cap-
sules of these species shows this by the presence of the larva within; and
where the larva is not present, Prof. Riley believes the fertilization has
been effected by the moth. ~~

As, at the Society meeting I was speaking of observations upon the
dehiscent species only, it it quite likely that the report misrepresents me:
as well as Prof, Riley.

Putting in this amended statement, the accuracy of which is wit-
nessed by what Prof. Riley says above, I repeat the substance of the re-
port, following after; my observations have not brought me to the same
conclusion arrived at by Prof. Riley. There is no doubt in my mind
that there must be very extensive fertilization of the dehiscent species of
Yucca by the agency of bees and other insects.

The report gives my reasons. I will here repeat them more in
detail. Be hee

ist. Dr. Engelmann, toWhém we are indebted for the: discovery of
the fact that Pronuéa is an agént in the fertilization of Yucca (though he
did not work out the history which Prof. Riley has done so well) says
in his Monograph of Yucca, (Trans, St. Louis Acad. Sci. Vol. III,) “the

—237—

anthers were observed to open a little before the flowers did, and to expel
alarge grained glutinous pollen.” In another place in the same Volume,
perhaps in the same connection, (I have mislaid the reference), he says
the pollen is expelled with such force that it often falls on the petals, re-
maining upon them when the flower opens. He thought that the tube
and not the summit of the pistil was the stigma thus having the idea
that the pollen must be introduced into the tube, that the seeds might
be fertilized. But Dr. Thos. Meehan, State Botanist of Penn., than
whom there is no more reliable or accurate Botanist, says, (Proc. Am.
Ass’n Vol. XXX, p. 205, 1881), that he has in many experiments, made
for the purpose during a number of years, easily, and fully fertilized one
of the dehiscent species of Yucca ‘‘by lightly touching a polleniferous
anther to the exposed papillose apex of the stigma.” He concludes; ‘‘the
fact is established beyond dispute through these varied observations, ex-
tending now over many years that the mere application of pollen to the
papillose apex is sufficient for fertilization”. Dr. Meehan has since re-
peated his observations with the same results and the same conclusion,

Dr. Engelmann shows that the pollen is glutinous and lies exposed
upon the anther and petals after expulsion, It is certainly more than
probable that the glutinous pollen which will adhere to the petal, will
adhere to the claws and legs of insects, and if these be found to any
extent in the flowers, extensive accidental fertilization must take place.

znd. While it is true, as Prof. Riley says, the flowers of Yucca do
not open till towards evening, I can say positively from personal ob-
servation that they very generally remain open till 10 a, M. when not ex-
posed to the direct rays of the sun,

3rd. I can say positively from personal observation, that business
hours for honey bees begin long before that time,

4th, Iam thankful that I am able to say I have good eyesight, and
that I have never yet felt the need of glasses of any sort. Also I am cer-
tain I know a honey bee when I see it.

5th. I positively did see honey bees wuihim the open as well the
partly open flowers, though quite rarely in the latter, One morning,
certainly from five to ten honey bees could be seen at any one time,
upon and within the flowers of each cluster of three or more panicles.
The bees were of both the Native and Italian races.

6th. Other insects were plentiful. Aphides were very numerous
on some of the stems, and many could be seen on the flowers. Cocci-
nelidae, certainly from three to twenty, could be seen upon each cluster
of panicles.

ap 238—

7th. The capsules examined afterwards, were all of the dehiscent
species and were full grown. Some in being examined were thinly sliced
horizontally, others were broken open and the seeds examined singly.
Not one in ten showed the larva.

8th. Notwithstanding the appeal te the observations of Herman
Mueller, (correctly, I presume), and nothwithstanding the endorsement
by Prof. Riley of the conclusion ‘‘that it, (the honey bee), is not attrac-
ted to white flowers’, some of us will continue to believe that honey
bees are sometimes attracted to the flowers of Oxydendrum, White Me-
lilot, White Clover, and Buckwheat. I would suppose the Professor
meant his statement with a modification, were he not engaged in scold-
ing me because of the loose staements I was reported to have made;
There surely can not be a “beam” in his eye, while he is seeking to cast
out what is reported to be a “‘mote” in mine!

gth. The dehiscent species of Yucca do ripen seeds in Europe, so I
am informed. No Pronudba has ever, to my knowledge, been taken
there. The seeds were not artificially fertilized. According to Prof.
Riley the flowers are incapable of self fertilization. We are driven then
to the conclusion, it must have been done accidentally by other insects
- and if bees visited the flowers, as likely by them as by any other insects.
What has happened in Europe, may and does happen here, though an-
other and perhaps more fruitful agency is at work.

roth. Whether the insects I took were or were not Pronuta has
nothing to do with my reasons for doubting Prof. Riley’s conclusion. I
question not his observations or statements, but his conclusion, Very
much he has written above is irrelevant to my reported statement as
well as personal beliefs. .

In view of the above I still believe as the report says, I take no ex-
ceptions to Prof. Riley’s observations upon Promuba; I lay no claim to
his ability or experience; I compare myself with him in no way. But,
with becoming humility, I do claim that my observations when positive
have some right to stand against his, when only negative,

SOCIETY NEWS.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. February Ist, 1887. — 14 persons
present. Mr. G. Beyer was elected a member of the society. The regular meet-
ing was taken up entirely with the consideration of recommendations of the
various committees and officers in regard to the furnishing of the new rooms
and the use of the Library and collections. After adjournment specimens were
exhibited and exchanged.

Entomological Society of Washington. Meeting held February 10th,
1887.—Mr. Mann gave a review of his work on the Bibliography of Economic En-
tomology partly done by him privately in former years and partly Curing his
connection with the U. S. Entomological Commission and the U. 8. Department
of Agriculture. After several interruptions and changes ip the plan the work is
now partly completed and ready for publication.

Mr. Schwarz exhibited an undescribed species of Phytobius from Michigan
and described the peculiar characters of this genus which are indicative of an
aquatic mode of life. He read in translation Perris’s account of the life history
of Phytobius velatus which lives in all stages under water on the leaves of Myri-
ophyllum spicatum.

Mr. Schwarz read a paper on the sexual characters in the N. A. species of
Anaspis. There is great discrepancy in the descriptions of these characters
given by Dr. LeConte and Mr. J. B. Smith, while his own observations led him
to disagree with both authors. He had examined males of 4 species and finds
that the abdomen is never excavated but provided with two long filiform appen-
dages arising from the apex of the 4th ventral segment. In most specimens,
however, the appendages are closely applied to the ventral suiface so that their
real nature is readily overlooked, and the abdomen presents then in a most de-
ciptive manner the appearance of being excavated. The appendages appear to
be movable in an up and downward direction but are not capable of lateral
movement. This structure is modified in the different species and affords a
much better criterion for the distinction of the species than those now used in
the tables.

Mr. Schwarz related a conversation he recently had with Dr. Horn regarding
the stridulation of Harpalus caliginosus. It appears that Dr. Horn distinctly
heard the sound in a specimen when this was at liberty and undisturbed, and
this fact explains the failure of other observers who always tried to make the
Harpalus stridulate when the specimens were handled. In all other stridulating

Soleoptera the sound is more frequently heard when the specimens are fright-
ened or handled or otherwise in a state of excitement.

ERRATA.

Page 55, line 4, from bottom, for horbaccous, read herbaceous.
*« 70, ‘* 12 of first column, for Saerda read Saperda.
“99, for Pyrrhaitia in explan, of figure, read Pyrrharctia
‘© 106, line 21, for Agnotemyia, read Agnotomyia.

*©179, ‘* 17, for useless, read useful.

sc 6, «35, for peste, read pests.

“© 190, ‘ 18, for straighed, read straight. ’

“199, ‘* 9, for mormornia, read mormonus.

*© 204, ** 25, for Scorpionidal, read Scorpionidae.

«© 209, “ 5, for mjority of Cicindel, read majority of Cicindela.
-* 921, ‘* 16, for mendicta, read mendicata.

*« 993, ‘ 19, for denticulalu, read denticulala.

For notes as to errata see pages 137 & 164 a,

Index to Authors ahd Subjects.

A. A. A. S. Notice of meeting of
72, Proceedings of Ent. Club of 143,
172.

Atkinson, Geo. T.

A family of young trap door spiders
(Pachylomerus carolinensis, Hentz)
Descriptions of some new Trap-
door spiders, their nests and food
habits 109, 128,

Beutenmueller, Wm.
Food plants of Lepidoptera No. 3,
(Eacles imperialis) 53.
Food plants of l.epidoptera No. 4,
(Datana ministra) 78.

Bollman, C. H.
Description of new genera and _spe-
cies of North American Myriopoda
(Julidae) 225.

Book Notices 17, 19, 43, 64, 72, 117,
127,

Butler, A. G.
Note on Utetheisa Hiibn. 212.

Collection Notes 46, 63, 71, 80, 177,
202.

Cramer, A. W. P.
Two new varieties of Noctuids 142.

Devereaux, W. S.
A dangerless vegetable Insecticide
for collecting bottles 177.

‘Edwards, Henry.
Notes on North American Zygaeni-
dae and Bombycidae with descrip-
tion of new forms.
Apparently new forms of N. Ameri
can Heterocera 165.

Fernald, C. H.
On some of the genera of our Sphin-
gidae 2,

Forbes. S. A.
Notes on the Life History of several
species 173.

Garman, H.
A contribution to the Life History of
Aphis maidis, Fitch 175.

Hagen, Dr. H. A.
On Hemerobius (Psectra) dipterus
Burm. and H. delicatulus A. Fitch-—
21.

The larva of Ptinns latro Fab. 232.

Henshaw, Samuel.
Record of some contributions to the
Literature of American b:etles, pub-
lished in 1885—Part I, 65, Part II,

93.

' First supplement to the List of
Coleoptera of America, North ot
Mexico---213.

Horn, Geo. H., M. D.
Some critical Notes. 207.

Howard, L. O.
A generic synopsis of the Hymen
opterous family Chalcididae. 33.

97-

Hulst, Rev. Geo. D.
Larval History of Spilosoma congrua
Wik. 15.
Notes upon various species of the
Ennominae. 47.
New species of Geometridae, No. 2.

139.

por ilopteroeua notes—162, 182,
183.

Three new varieties and one new
species of Lepidoptera 182.

New species of Geometridae, No. 3.
185 —210.

Abstract of address of Rev. Geo. D.
Hulst, retiring President, at Annual
Meeting of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc.
205.

Notes on some species of Geometri-
dae, No, 3. 221.

Remarks on Prof. Riley’s strictures.
236.

Indroductory. I.

Jones, Alfred W.
Note on Geotrypes opacus Hald. 8o.

KeWicott, D. S.
Notes on two larvae of the genus Ca.
tocala, 45.

Knaus, Warren.
Notes on Hylesinus aculeatus and
Phloeosinus dentatus. 76.

Leng, Chas. W.
Synopsis of Cerambycidae 27, 60,
81, 102, 118, 193.
Notes on Coleoptera, 212.

Lintner, J. A.

Address as Pres. Ent. Club, A. A.
A.S. 143.

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS.

Marlatt, C. L.
Fall collecting of Hymenoptera from
Solidago sp. and its results. 202.

Marx, Dr. Geo.
Description of Gasteracantha rufo-
‘spinosa, 25
Notes on Thelyphonus Latr. 38.
Moeschler, H. B.
On the American species of the
genus Utetheisa Huebner, 73.

Murtfeldt, Mary E.
Vernal habit of Apatura. 180.

Notes and News 42, 72, 103, 182.

Obituary Notes.
Gustav Haller tot.
Fred’k W. Klages 56.
Capt. D. H. Murdock tor.

Osborn, H.
Flight of Water beetles 63.

Pearsall, R. F.
Description of a new Cochliipod.
209.

Ricksecker, L. E.
Pleocoma fimbriata 2o1.

Riley. C. V.
Mr. Hulst’s observations on Pronuba
Yuccasella.

Roberts, C. H.
On some species of Anthaxia. 16.

Schwarz, E. A.
Remarks on North American Scoly-
ttds 40, 54.

Noteson the secondary sexual cha-
racters of some North American Co—
leoptera. 137.

On the reported occurrence of Lep-
tura variicornis in North America.

161.

Smith, John B.
Note on ‘‘On some of our Sphingi—
dae” by C. A. Fernald.
Note on Chalcophora campestris. 71.
Scent organs in some Bombycid
moths 79.
Larva of Aphorista vittata Fab. 85.
Note on Quadrina diazoma Grote.
124.
Notes on Scolytus unispinosus Lec.
125.

Society News.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 19, 64, 84, 183,
224.
Ent. Soc. Washington, 20, 84, 104,
163, 184, 203, 224.

Townsend, C. H. T.
On the variations and constancy of
the elytral markings in Chrysomela,
Doryphora, and allied genera 57.

Uhler, Ph. R.
Observations on some North Ameri—
can Capsidae, 229.

Welles, G. P.
Local occurrences of Coleoptera. 46.

Williston, S. W.
On two interesting new genera of
Leptidae 105.

mb 9 > re

Index to SyfMopses.

COLEOPTERA.
BNETIECEEUS He sivaioeineialecors @ hs ekelai eval als $2 Mannophorus......... Seeman 83
PNG AIMS sich cited e eiciosteiaie eae ecole! he 83 Megaderus........ eRe thes 6!
BGVIOEEDA ta ste > aeRO ee toe 31 Mevcobrium :. 5 ao-heckrieneeie eee: 29
AMC VIOCEMINL 6. 22s teense es oe vin 31 Metalepus..... oh crs. cts tere Os eaten teers 82
PA HOPAIUS | <je clei swiss == ee)=i-<tel olan 197 Molorchus: .; . 3: date stcseee oehestotreete a0
Beaver nieve tate cis chen velaveusteies teretsiols . 102 ODriini. 3... sr sees eet eee 27
GalieMronwiMis cf-ccreiel tweed reel nistehe 60 @brium\)). 2 ee eee Poet a caters 28
(GallighrOmar cee iitcieeue- biotite 61 Oxoplusi? amen ojo Recto 102
CLs yN NTIS Peserevetete) a isiaied toler £20 Paristemiinis 3: c.iee once seen eee
(Collies Sans ago deegeo aosunooRe 29 Fe rain Entasir treet ieteretemeeretate 120
SEAS cies sievcie > wieroe she (Shes nye nels 194 Phyton’? cece ehicveeretssereteetets 28
Coli Shomer cers yerarsters (ove tot >. .198 Plagionotus..... hci Seles decent 197
mapIOSOpPUS.. 5.0. pro)- > «ete .62 Poecilobrium......... io alole mretetteiets 27
(GiossuihiGsa Ae4baoudinoshe add souse 118 Purpuricenus....... ie cee .SI
eM eer pomtncirhte rie s'n3e ze) otepistess 195 Rhopalophonraae seyelee-itseete ocaneo
Menelnamictsenrr seisenite tates itersicta'e he 61 IROsSalitasr)cegme ete erste Soh ivicia ers 32
Plytroleplus: hoes. -. ss. eee- = oe 31 SChIZaxa eee eerie Co eer 118
tO mOStenMar vite: creccechays ‘are vie bere 83 Sphaenothecusa. a-seeeeeeeee 119
Gane MUS Hert ehcre sll viele foletcietcote 27 SLEMASPISs,..c%. wrcie'e ewe lsets eee 62
Beane cach ersten enters wee tadcle tana ote 32 Stenosphenusisaciesmncireeeriets -193
Polopleura. 5 = cfs ons ss sees 32 irachydennivermen ree opus e 60
Piynlera tenet acct c ee si oalvia% nine 28 TragidiOn’ case) cae cent eee 81
liseimeenQenie (556 moss douoedaS 193 Minichoxysseiet isc + Nb ice viprepetborcte uote 197
ISSOMOLUS etal. elev opie lars anisole ete 62 Tylosiss3 o's Sis. caer eee 197
Moy lotrechws japgetas ove) <1- 2» ='-\a}o fe -cpalats 198
HYMENOPTERA.

PRE CLOSVS ihe s)ack ales ole o's to” Sin sion inie 21 36 Tsocyrtus sis alee -rieretarcies cpa tehere 37
WaratOmidest s ccisciascs cies se rere ers 34 Merisusenfia.micsencieee soineteeterene 36
Chiropachides ....-......00+.s+008 34 Metopontyivoncis sce! ceieticen 2a Ol
Gleonomy des... '. «ice elses = miss meee Mischogastndes. ).s\. eect cis Serena
WolotmeGhnid CSincmie relate ciel \elels <ieiererole 34 Bertlampinae)s.. +) «cw cicieicerelteeeete 97
NO ITMVAG TS eerste tere Staite inl Vere ohoyaieras 36 Pteromalideswa-jseereeinee ie eee 36
AMARC ES ersten ts clei petua lala le iiet «tel 35 Pteromalinae..... siecle tee teetete 33
By SHIStIM ee ore ferorete aie wieisjeierer i= hehe 99 Pteromalus:.),\..«\.\0+eeecere eee 37
BI ASEMINAG Nal Prateiss pucstsnae oil sferetssiets 96 Roptrocerus......... Bede sosaous 36
IBNteC ONINAG Ns ee ares seo pieters isin 100 Spalaneinae esheets siemens eEROe
Een aminae ne iiieicc (ine peers <2 OY Sphesipastrides sj. + /s\tennictieieteiets SS!

EGOM IM ACh aye sores el exelse] +) —teletehar =r 97 MetracampmMacscrictaciene eis -9

Bruny COMIN ASK el aye folelale 2 '-) “stl |eVeta = 97 Wetrastichmac oe caer sisieieielesmetk Ou)
Biatelus ee). cnr. eM areetstels ie ate abavai si tev 36 Drichogramminaeey sneer se LOO

WRAY MING: Ci cemids 6 6 Sls «cee 98

Geherat Index.

Acidalia ancellata sp. nov. 186

S californiata 222

s¢ dataria sp. nov, 186
ce elimaria sp. nov. 186
oe frigidaria 222

ae fuscata wir, nov, 187
ne hepaticaria 222

ne induciata 222

$6 longipennata 221

a luteolata 222

rs magnetaria 222

ae magniferaria 221

s obluridata sp. nov. 185
Ss ossularia 221

rs pa-ificaria 222

- purata 222

¢s retractaria 221

as rubrolineata 222

sf rubromarginata 222

sf sideraria 222

cs volucraia sp. nov. 185

Acronycta obscura var. nov. 169
Adelocephala bicolor 44
Aegeria 2
Aepycephalus-characters 131
Agnotomyia gen. nov. 106

ss elongata 106
Amblychila cylindriformis 208
ef picolomini 208

Ampelophaga 5
Anaplodes estaria sp. nov. 128
Antepione imitata 51
ue sulphurata 51
Anthaxia cyanella 17, 20
«© quercata 17, 20
Apaiela ovscu.a vai. n0v 169
Apatelodes floridana var. nov. 13
ee indistincta sp. nov. 13
Apatura, vernal habit of 180
‘¢ celtis larva of 180
«* elyton larva of 180
Aphides, injury trom 179
Aphis maidis 175
Aphodius erraticus 84
Aphorista vitiata, larva of 85
Aplodes albaria 140
approximaria 140
‘¢ —_ junciolinearia 140
« _‘Jatiaria 139
a peolinearia 141
rs undinaria 140
‘© viridicaria 140
‘< —- zygotaria sp. nov. 121
Arctia fuliginosa 180
‘© lugubris var. nov. 182
«« rubricosa 180
Argynnis diana 183
Arthroceras gen. nov. 107
es pollinosum, sp. nov. 108

> e

Aspilates bebrensaria sp. nov. 210
carata sp. nov. 211

*¢ crocearia sp. nov, 211

‘s desperaria sp. nov. 211

«* gilvaria 223

e Iitavia sp. nov. 211

*¢ opuscularia sp. nov. 210
Atherix, characters 107
At acinae, characters 20, 44
Atypimae, synopsis of 129
Axinocerus americanus 138
Azelina a b macularia 49

‘¢ —arizonatia 49, 142

** behrensuta 49

‘¢ honestaria 49

*¢ hubnerata 49

** morrisonaria 49
stygiaria 49

‘- zalissaria 49
Bostrichus dactyliperda 42
Bothro-ternus hubbardi sp. nov. 52
Brathinus ocuiatus 127
Byssodes obrussata 222
Caberodes antidiscaria 49

és confu-aria 48
Calocampa cineritia 142
as thoracica n. var. 142

Calasymbolus 4, 6

Camptobrochis grandis sp. nov. 230
Capsidae, notes on 229

Catocala flebilis (larva) 46

ee habilis HG eal)

4 obscura“
Ceratocampinae, structure of 20, 44
Cecidomyia destructor 173

ne leguminicola 173
Chalcophora campestris, food of 71
Cheimatobia bruceata sp. nov. 123

oe boreata 123
Chlorosea fasciolaria 141
. graefiaria sp. nov. 123
ad perviridaria 141

Choetocoelus setosus 164
Chramesus chapuisii 54
a icoria 54
Chrysobothris azurea, food plant 231
Chrysomela philadelphica 59
ss scalaris 57
Chrysophanus fulliolus var. nov. 182
Chrysophila 107
Cidaria luteolata 222
Cnesinus strigicollis 54
Collaria explica a sp. nov. 230
se meilleurii 230
Conotrachelus anaglypticus 164
Crambus exsiccatus 173
See Zeelius 173
Crioceris asparagi 164
Cryphalus jalappa 42

Cryphalus rigidus 42
Crypturgus atomus 56
cs pusillus 56

(teniza, ec aracters 131
Cyrtauchenius 131
Cyrtocarenum, 131
Danais archippus 104

“* fumosus var, nov.
Darapsa 4, 5, 6
Daritis howardi var. nov. 165

** thetis 165
Datana ministra, food plants of 78
Deilephila 3, 5, 6
Deilinia quadrinotataria 223

ou septemfluaria 223

BS septemlinearia 223
Deiopeia—see Utetheisa 212
Den. octonus, species of 56
Deva morigera sp. nov. 169
Iiabrotica longicornis 174

182

Dianous coerulescens, habits of 232

Woryphora clivicollis 58
es 1o lineata 57
“ defecta 58
os juncta 58
ne 11 lineata 53
Drepanodes aequosa 48
juniperaria 48

olyzonavia 48

a sesquilinearia 48

oa syzygiaria sp. nov. 48
as varus 4

Dromochorus, characters of 208
Dryocoetes aulographus 42
a septentrionis 42
Dynastes grantii 163
tityus 163

Deschir’us tiliformis,

ismale

habit of 231
unperialis, (food plants 53
iuaras ‘1 GQuala n. Sp. ¢
' ln na bibularia 51
* evdropiaria 51
‘¢ fervidaria 50
** fiscellaria 50
« flagitaria 50
pellucidaria 51
** pultaria 51
** seminudaria 51
‘¢ somniaria sp. nov. 50
mpoa albopicta 174
Endropia amoenaria 50
‘¢apicaria 40
‘« arefactaria 50
fe) duariayso
‘* helveolaria 50
‘© homuraria 50
‘* hypochraria 50
‘¢ madusaria 50
‘« pilosaria 49
“« textrinaria 49
‘* —_-warneraria 49

GENERAL

INDEX.

Eois hilliata sp. n. 187
bonifata sp. nov. 1877
‘* labeculata sp. nov. 187
‘* russata n. var. 187
‘*- eremiata sp. nov. 187
‘“s subochreata sp. nov. 187
Epeira diademata $4
Ephyra culicaria 221
«+ myrtaria 221
*« plantagenaria sp. nov.
Epicaerus imbricatus 174
Eriodontinae, characters 129
Euclea elliotii sp. nov. 209
Eucrostis hollandaria sp. nov. 122
Bs jaspidiaria sp. nov. 122.
ee phyllinaria 141
se saltusaria sp. nov. 122
a zelleraria 141
Eugonia alniaria 49
ne autumnaria 49
on magnarla 49
“© vidularia 49
Euphanessa mendicata 221
Euprepia caja 166

185

“ ulahensis n, var. 166
Suprose:pinus 4
Eurymene floscularia 52
a rosaria 52
as serinaria 52
I) utrapela clemataria 47
ine goniata 47
oe incurvata 47
e tetragonala 47
us transducensala 47
“ transpositata 47
a Pree ame 47
Everyx 5, 6

Fertilization by Insects 84

Gasteracantha rufospinosa sp. nov. 2

Geometra illustaria sp. nov. 121

Gh inclusaria 140

Hy rectaria 130
Geophilus glaber sp. nov. 229
Geotrypes chalybeus 212

a opacus $0
Gluphisia albolascia sp. n. 12

«© formosa sp. n. 12

ss ridenda sp. n. II
rupta sp. n. 12
a severa sp. nov,
Tearlii sp. nr. 11

‘© Wrightii sp. n. 11
Gnathotrichus asperulus 40

sr materarius 20-40
Halisidota lagueata sp. n. 166
Hemaris 3, 6
Hemerobius delicatulus 24
Oe dipterus 21

Hemileuca lucina var. n. 14
Hepialus McGlashani sp. n.
Hessian fly 173

107

GENERAL INDEX,

Heterolocha ephelidaria sp. nov. 120
Hydria undulata, larva of 162
Hydrophilus ovatus 137
Hydropsyche 164
Hylesinus aculeatus 76
cs fraxini 55
fs trifolii 55
Hylastes glabratus 56
Hylurgops pinifex 56
Hyperchiria 44
Hyperetis amicaria 52
ee nyssarla 52
Hypoprepia plumbea sp. n. 9
Ichthyura astoriae sp. n. Il
eS bifiria sp. nov. 167
‘“ jocosa sp. n. 10
ss luculenta sp. n. 10
Julidae new species of 225
Julus owenii sp. nov. 228
Lepisesia 4, 6
Leptidae, new genera of 105
Leptis 107
Leptura canadensis 161
‘« erythroptera 161
‘* yariicornis 161
Leucarctia acraea 79
Leucula lacteolaria sp. nov. 51, 120
Limacodes parallela sp. nov. to
Lina scripta 58
‘© Japponica 59
Lithacodes fasciola 9
es laticlavia 9
Local occurrence of Coleoptera 46
Lophodonta plumosa sp. n. 14
Lozogramma famulata sp. nov. IgI
“s graefiaria sp. nov. 192
Lucanus elaphus, pupa 163
Lychnosea aulularia 50
Lycomorpha coccinea sp. n. 9
Lygranthoecia marginata,
oe sexual character of 164
Macroglossum 3, 6
Malthodes captiosus 138
vs parvulus 139
Marmopteryx ancellata sp, nov. 1g0

pas

ce morissata sp. nov. Ig!
Melanchroia cephise 9
es geometrides 9

Melanotus eommunis 174

ce cribulosus 174
Meromyza americana 173
Merope tuber 164
Metanema incongruaria sp. nov. 212
Mtrocampa perlata 51
Monarthrum mali 44
Mouilema annulatam lec, of 212
Mon Jleuca obliqua sp. n. 10
Mycetoporus americanus 137

4 flavicollis 137
Mygale solstitialis 135
Myrmekiaphila gen. nov. 131
re foliata sp. nov. 113,131

Nabidea coracina 230
Nannolena gen. nov. 225

‘¢ burkei sp. nov. 225

Napuca orciferata 223
Nelphe carolina sp. nov. 166
Nematocampa expunctaria 52
ss filimentaria 52
ee limbaria 52
Nematus ventricosus 173
Nemoria tepperaria sp. nov, 122
Nidivalvata gen. nov. 129
ce angustata sp. nov. 129
of Marxil sp. NOV.ITI, 116, 130
Numeria occiduaria 51
‘¢ _pulveraria 51
Oedionychus creticus 127
Orgyia leucographa 13
*¢ leucostigma 13
“¢ obliviosa var. n. 13
Otus 4
Oxydia vesuliata 47
Pachylomerus 133

SS carabivouos sp. nov 109,
115, 133
Ee emarginatus var. nov. 134

at turris sp. nov. 109, 136

Paonias 4
Paradesmus evides sp. nov. 229
Parajulus 226

«* castaneus sp. nov. 226
Paraphia vellivolata 223
Papilio ajax 182
Perigea fasciata sp. nov. 169
Phasianae aberrata 223

$6 cinereata 223

as colata 224

ce mellistrigata 224

sf neptata 223

c: nubiculata 224
Phengodes, larva of 203
Pheosia portlandia sp. nov. 168
Phloeosinus dentatus 56, 76, 77

r punctatus 55
ge serratus 56

Phoberia indiscreta sp. nov. 170
Phragmatobia see arctia 180
Phrygionis argentistriata 222

ge auriferaria sp. nov, 188
Pieris rapae a new food plant of 84
wele distribution of 183

Pigia multilineata sp. nov: 188
Pityophthorus querciperda, habits of
163
Plagiodera, (see Lina)
Plagodis keutzingaria var, of 212
“© -nigrescaria var. nov. 212
Platythyris floridana sp. nov. 182
Pleocoma fimbriata 201
Pleonectypiera obliqualis sp. nov. 171
Plusia vaccinii sp nov. 170
“* californica 170

Pogocolon 4, 6
Polymechus brevipes 163
Pronub:i yuccasella, 184, 233
Prorasea brunneogrisea sp. nov. 171
Pseudojulus sub. gen. nov. 226

<o obtectus sp. nov. 227

“s varius sp. NOV, 227

' GENERAL

Ptinus latro, larva 232
Pyrharctia isabella 79
Quadrina diazoma 124
Racheospila xysteraria sp, nov. 121
Raphia n. var. frater 142
‘« — coloradensis 142
« pallula sp. nov. 168
Record of literature of Coleoptera for
1885, Part I. 65
Rhinoncrinus 227
Rhopalopleurus pumilus 54
Rhyncolus corticalis 20
Ripula virginaria 47
Rumia baltearia 51
«© ochrearia 51
Sabulodes dositheata 48
Saturniidae, structure of 20, 44
Scaphidium 4 guttatum 138
Scent organs in Bombycids 79
Scepsis gravis sp. nov. 8
« pallens var. nov. 8
Scolytus amagdali 127
«© californicus 127
‘¢ carpini 127
“s fagi 127
«© Geoffroyi 127
‘© jntricatus 126, 127
«© = Kirschii 127
«* multistriatus 127
‘¢ muticus 127
‘© pruni 127
‘6 pygmaeus 127
‘© quadrispinosus 127
‘¢ Ratzeburgi 127
«© rugulosus 127
¢¢ unispinosus 125-127
Scorpionidae types of 204
Selenia kentaria, larvr of 162
Semiothisa delectata sp. nov. 190

cS denticulata 223
‘6 granitata 223
s graphidaria sp. nov. 190
of grassata 223
c inquinaria sp. nov. 189
se mendicata sp. nov. 188
ef multilineata 223
se octolineata sp. nov. 190
gf patriciata 223
ee praeatomata 223
sexpunctata 223
a simulata sp. nov. 188
fe sublacteolata sp. nov. 189
rf tenebrosata sp. nov. 189
“6 umbriferata sp. nov. 189
e vellivolata 223
Sesia 2
Smerinthus 2, 6
Sphenophorus parvulus 174
Sphinyidae, Notes on 2
Sphinx 2
Spilosoma antigone 163
ss congrua, larva of 15, 163
Spirobolus 227
te hebes sp. nov. 228

es pensacolae sp. nov. 227

INDEX,

Stenaspilates meskearia 142
Symphoromyia 107
Synchlora glaucaria 141

Ee liquoraria 141
FS rubivoraria 141
ee tricoloraria 141

Systena blanda 174
Telmatophilus americanus 138
Thelyphonus excubitor 39
aa: giganteus 38, 20
Tettigonia mali 174
Tetracis aegrotata 48
«* aurantiacaria 47
‘© cervinaria 47
«* grotearia 49
jubararia sp. nov. 120
s¢ pallulata sp. nov. 211
‘¢ paralleliaria 48
‘* simpliciaria 48
Terrilelariae 129
Thamnonoma coortaria sp. nov. 191
se fascioferaria sp. n0v.1g1
Theraphosoidae 129
Tomicus confusus 41
‘¢ montanus 42
«« mucronatus 42
‘« sexdentatus 42
Tornos abjectarius n. var. 192
«* candidarius sp. nov. 192
“ cinctarius n. var. 192
‘* dissociarius var. n. 192
Tornos incopriarius 210
Trap-door Spiders 109, 128
ce “s - nests of 87
Triptotricha 107
Urapteryx floridata 47
us politiaria 47
Utetheisa, on the American species of
73, 212

ee

ss bella 73, 75
sé ornatrix 73, 75

, se speciosa 73, 75
Xyleborus caelatus 41

ss dispar 41

se fuscaius 40 —

cs obesus 41

‘ pubescens 445 41

punctipennis 42
“ pyri 4l
ss retusicollis 41

ss x ylographus 41
Xylocleptes bispinus 42

os concinnus 42

ce cucurhitae 42

ft decipiens 42
Xylophilus fasciatus 139

< piceus 139

Xyloryctes satyrus habit of 224
Xyloterus bivittatus 41

“6 lineatus 41

oe vi'tiger 41
Yucca fructification of 233
Zathipes, larva af 203
Zopherus mexicanus 44

AT: BRO O exanea o

VOL. Ill. — APRIL 1887 to MARCH 1888.

~ a

EDITOR:

Rev. Geo. D. Hutsr,
15 HIMROD STREET,
Brookiyn, N. Y.

ASST. EDITOR :
Curis. H. Roserts,
11 WEST 123rp STREET,
New York.

MERIGANA

WOL, IIT. BROOKLYN, APRIL, 1887. See

By the Retiring Editor.

When, two years ago, I took Editorial charge of Lnfomologica
Americana, it was without any knowledge or expectation that before the
end of the year I should leave Brooklyn, the city of its publication, In
the summer of 1885 I was appointed to the position of Assistant Curator
of Entomology in the U.S. National Museum, and it was considered that
it would still be possible to continue to control the publication, notwith-
standing the necessary change of residence. It was at that time and for
some time afterward, possible for me to get to Brooklyn for a few days
every month or two, and the disadvantages resulting from a residence of
the Editor outside the city of publication, were reduced to a minimum,
Nevertheless some difficulties arose which induced the Editor to ask for
an assistant, and Mr. Geo. D. Hulst was elected to that position by the
Society. Since the summer of 1886 it has been impossible for me to get
to Brooklyn, except at rare intervals, and despite the best efforts of all
concerned it was found impossible to get the numbers out as promptly as
theretofore. The loss of time in sending proofs twice to Washington for
correction, and the consequent tendency on the part of the printer to run
in notes on short pages on his own proof reading, resulted in some an-
noying errors,—all of which, and some other reasons not necessary to
enumerate, induced me to resign my position with the end of Vol. I,
and to decline a re-election. It is not without regret that I resign the
privilege of editorial communication with the Entomological World; but
the good of the Journal in my opinion required it. Nevertheless, as a
contributor I shall hope to keep up my interest in the Journal and its
success shall be, as before, one of my most earnest efforts. It would be
in poor taste for me to praise my own work, but I cannot refrain from a

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 1 APRIL, 1887.

a

feeling of satisfaction at the results of my efforts during the past years,
and I take this opportunity of most sincerely thanking those who have by
their aid, their contributions and their advice, aided me in making the
Journal a success.

As to my successor and whilom assistant, he is not unknown to the
readers of ‘‘Enr. Am.” and he will, no doubt, succeed even better than I
did in raising the character and value of the Journal. I bespeak for him
the same aid from the friends of the Journal that was so liberally ac-
corded me. Jouy B. Smrrn.

——_—-»___—_

By the Incoming Editor.

In assuming the duties and responsibilities of my office, I have no
policy to unfold or promises to make. It is a serious undertaking to try
to fill the place of my predecessor, one of our ablest Entomologists and
as well one of our best Systematists, but circumstances have induced
him to retire, and the Brooklyn Ent. Society has chosen me to take his
place. I shall try to do my duty to it, and to the Science, in which its
members are interested ; I shall be abundantly satisfied if the Journal
during the vear just begun maintains the character and standing which it
has always had under the leadership which has just ended. I beg the
assistance of those who are interested in Entomology and ask them to
make it to a proper extent their medium of communicating facts and dis-
coveries in the Science to the Entomological World at large.

+.

Antennal Structure of the genus Cressonia.
By Joun B. Smiru.

In several communications to the Brooklyn Ent. Society and to the
Ent. Society of Washington I called attention to the distinctive character
of the antenne of the Sa/urniidae and Ceralocampidae, and in a Revision of
the former family in the Proc. U. S, N. Mus. for 1886, I pointed out
more fully of what this peculiarity consists and its systematic value.
Herrich-Schaffer was the first so far as I can find, who noticed the
character of the pectinations in this group in his ‘‘Europdische Schmetter-
linge’, but he there considers it valueless for systematic purposes. Recently,
in examining a specimen of Cressomia Juglandts, 1 found to my surprise,
that the antennz here are in the ({‘ exactly as in the Safurnidae. I had
carefully examined the great majority of Bombycid genera and found the
pectinations single, and the re-currence of the doubly bi-pectinate antennee

— 2

aay mea

in this Sfhimgid genus was therefore unexpected. No other American
species is so distinguished, and I cannot find a note of any other species
so distinguished, from other countries.

In describing the genus, Messrs. Grote and Robinson (Proc. Ent.
Soc. Phil. V, 186) stated that the antennz were ‘doubly bi-pectinated”
in the <j', simple in the Q, failing however to remark on the anomalous
nature of this structure. In venation this species is typically sphingid,
and its larva of the true sfhmmx type. The tongue in the imago is entirely
obsolete, the feet are subequal in length, the frenulum wanting in the 9,
very minute in the <j’, the loop wanting on the primaries : these structures
being essentially Bombverd.

This structure can hardly be explained in any way, unless we con-
sider it an example of reversion—considering the Sa/urnuds as the more
ancient type, and the tvpical Spiimges as more recent than the Smerithids.

6

Catocala marmorata, Zw.

This insect, one of the most beautiful, as well as one of the largest
of its genus, for many years was known only in isolated examples. ‘The
type came from Yreka, Cal. Then it was taken here and there, in from
one to four or five specimens. In West Farms, by Mr. Angus; in New
Jersey, by Mr. Doll; in Covington, Ky., by Mr. Dury; in Ills., by Prof.
French; in Evansville, Ind., by Mr. Evans, as well as other places, but
everywhere very rarely. A year or two since however its true home was
found; Mr. Franck of Brooklyn, while travelling through Kentucky, heard
of a local collector, and after the manner of the ‘‘brethren of the net”
visited him to see who he was, and what he had. Imagine his surprise
to find that this collector, unknown to fame, had C. marmorata by the
scores. Our wide awake Brooklynite came to us showing box after box
of these regal insects! By a misfortune many were broken, but we saw
enough to excite our wonder. ‘The collector reported, that it was very
common in his vicinity. Gro. D. Hutst.

cs i~ , 6
Notice to Subscribers.

It has been our custom in the past to send the first two numbers of
Entomo.ocica AMERICANA to all subscribers to the preceding volume.
We will follow this custom this year also, but No. 3 of the current
volume will be sent only to those who have renewed their subscriptions.
We call the attention of all to this and ask them to remit as soon as
convenient to the Treasurer. Ifthe address of any subscriber be incorrect,
he will confer a favor by sending his corrected address to the Editor,

——A——

SYNOPSES OF CERAMBYCIDZA.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.‘S.

(Continued from p. 200, vol. II.)

Our most variable and widely distributed species. Black or brown
with white or yellow pubescence on thorax and elytra. The thoracic
pubescence may be either in the form of anterior and posterior marginal
bands more or less interrupted, or lateral blotches more or less extended.
The elytra always have bands as shown in our figure, but they may be
broken into dots or the lines waved throughout their entire length or
again they may be nearly concealed by a generous sprinkling of hair
over and between them. These variations in color have caused an ex-
tensive synonymy and although no varieties actually seem to exist in
nature I would suggest that for convenience in cabinet arrangement two
names be retained : /wscus Kirby, for the form with the sides of thorax
entirely covered with pubescent blotches and the elytral bands wavy, and
mierrupius Lap & Gory, for the form with the bands greatly obscured by
the sprinkling of white hair. Such specimens will always be noted by
the collector as distinct and less confusion will be caused by retaining the
names than by omitting them ;

me ADNOSUS Say .2 jJiovAcs WV, 2eensegges12 77.

Length 9-15 mm. = .36 —.60 ins. Hab. Mo., Cal., Mont., Tex., Me., N. H.

Black with white pubescence. The apical and intermediate
bands are fairly distinct, the others entirely obscured by the sprinkled
white hair. This species is more slender than undula/us and nauticus, and
that will serve to distinguish old or poorly marked specimens. Fresh
specimens are easily known by the uniform white pubescence on the
black ground. It appears to be rather rare.

X. nauticus Mann. Bull. Mosc., 1843, Il, p. 305; gvaminews Hald, Trans.
AI bhile. Nawlod 7451p. 40; eee. j Aciuemsers 2) LIL p27.

Length 11—14 mm. = .44—.56ins. Hab. W. T., Cal., Mont., Or.

Brown, with yellowish-brown bands and interspersed pubescence, the
bands always more or less confused. The bands are always more angulate
than in wzdulatus, certain forms of which this species strongly resembles.
Beneath the segments are never distinctly banded with yellow, as is usual
in undulatus. X. grammeus does not differ in any way from nauticus. I
have indicated in the synoptic table the most interesting feature in this
species, the tendency to form transverse rugze on the pronotum like
Neoclytus or a tubercle at the side.

NEOCLYTUS, 7Zzom.
This genus is again sharply defined by the transverse ridges of the
pronotum, which are not elsewhere found, except as above stated in an

ae

occasional specimen of X. nauficus. The usual number is five, the anterior
being the most elevated. There are frequently other ridges at the sides
as well as the row down the middle, and there is a tendency to coalesce,
which in two species is carried to the extreme, and the row of transverse
ridges becomes one broad longitudinal ridge, rugose at top. The form
of the ridges and the femoral species, and the form of elytral tip, which
seems very constant in this genus, serve to divide the species as follows :
Middle and posterior femora spinose at apex.

Thorax with a longitudinal elevated ridge, rugose at apex. antennee filiform.
Elytra truncate, spinose: thorax with apical basal and middle pubescent bands,

Eye pera <sete eke TenPoee eat elas! oD e's: 3: «eR eave erataretets. s tekchet ote scutellaris.
Elytra truncate, spinose; thorax with apical and basal bands only...... luscus.
Thorax with a middle and two lateral rows of transverse rugee, almost coalesced;
antennee thickened externally; elytra shortly acuminate........... irroratus.

Thorax with a few distinct transverse rugze; antenne filiform or thickened on
middle joints; elytra obliquely truncate, spinose.
Thoracic ridges distributed over entire dorsal surface, thorax spinose at sides:

PUbEScENce wihitesinsarcuate, bands meee se testes . devastator.

Thoracic ridges arranged in median row; pubescence yellow in straight bands
8 g > Pp iy, S

OMI iahetey ere taren aera ASPs ec. ka ein 01 peepee Came ch cea ys erie erythrocephalus.

Femora not spinose; antennee filiform.
Thorax with a few feebly elevated but distinct transverse rugz in median row;

sides of thorax simply punctured.

vita: transversely itieUMCAte . .:.\.. . 4 <1 seen teasers .....approximatus.
PB yitraeSHonely ACUMINATE: cs... c2 s.5 ac leTenmenetaeiseaycuene: sfeqtorerene 4 balteatus.
Elytra separately rounded .......... © RRM a tite et 5 Sr interruptus.

Thorax with many transverse rugee at middle and sides, strongly elevated but
more or less confused.
Elytra rounded at tip.

Blytraly bands fonmuing yiwo oval matkSeemsarire ieee iti -1-1 eee conjunctus.
ElythalabandSanmnectlan (See foure)\ <p settee neta ...ascendens.
Elytral bands forming one oval’and two oblique bands............ capraea.

Elytra truncate at tip.
Bands angulate or arcuate.

cborax wider thamllong 1 <,.\. .'. sci gaaerenreerrete ae veo os oe muricatulus.
Phoraxslongertham-wide!... .:. cheyenne teas ose craters longipes.
Bandsistrare btrtraMSverse!.. s/s... ./.ke iterate teas carer sets mate torquatus.

Of these species it may be noted that ascendens, approximatus, balteatus
and iferruplus are known only by specimens in the cabinets of Dr. Horn
or the late Dr Leconte. The species do not vary in marking to the extent
noted in Xylofrechus.

N. angulatus Fab. Ent. Syst., I, 2, p. 335; Chev., Mon., 1862, p. 531;
rhombifer Oliv., Ent., IV, 70, p.-46, t. 4, f. 51; Lap & Gory, Mon., p. 17, t. 4, f. 19;
Wace ewes Sch 2emlive e207) ope: Wanmaonye one, ap. LO.etw5,, i 20s leeGe,
ics, ps 28.

Length r11—15 mm. = .44—.60 ins. Hab. Jamaica, Cuba, Georgia, N. Y.

a as

I have not been able to see this insect and am therefore unable to in-
clude it in the synopsis. It is described as under :

“Reddish brown, thorax longer than wide with fine short transverse rugz at
**middle and two at sides somewhat longer, the sides subspinose; elytra truncate and
“externally spinose, with the suture, basal margin, an oblique line from humerus to
“suture and a small spot at middle, whitish or luteous pubescent, or with the lines
“reduced to dots.”

The posterior thighs are described as spinose by Dr. Leconte in
rhombifer, not in Fopet. It is a West Indian species and apparently rare
in collections here.

N. scutellaris Oliv. Encycl. Meth., V, 1790, p. 266; Ent. IV, 70, p. 51, t. 5,
f. 52; Lap & Gory, Mon., p. 53 t. 11, f. 62; elegans Melsh., i. litt.; Hald., Trans.
Am. Phil., X, p. 40.

Darth 7—16 mm. = :28—.64 ins. Hab; La., Ga., N. C., Va., Tex., Pa., Ohio,
N; Y.; Kans:; Neb.

Differs from the next but slightly ; the band of thorax is however
always distinct, the thorax more narrowed in front, and the elytra more
strongly armed at tip, generally bispinose.

N. luscus Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 152; Syst. El., Il, p. 347; Lap & Gory,
Mon; p- 27, t. 6,8. 32;> Lec., J. A. P. sen.2) lp, 260; acudeatus We}., Cat, adiediy
». 356; Aumeralis Newn., Ent. Mag., V, p. 3943. maculosus Gmel., ed. Linn., I, 4,
p--1854; mucroxatus Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 193; Oliv., |. c., IV, 7o, p. 38, t. 3, £ 345
tricolor Megerle, 1. litt.

Length 7—19 mm. = .28—.76 ins. Hab. Pa., Ga., La., Ohio, Tex., Va., Mo.,
Cans Or: .

Reddish brown, posterior two-thirds of elytra and parts of thorax
often darker. This and the above have the markings fairly constant but
sometimes partly obliterated.

N. irrotatus Lec. J. A. P., IV, 1, 1858, p. 26; morosus Chev., Mon., 1860,
p: 501; Dey: Cat.; 3d ed.; p. 356.

Length 1o—18 mm. — .40o—.72 ins. Hab. Texas. ;

Very distinct by. the characters named in ‘the table. Dark brown
with sparse whitish pubescence. | Chevrolat has based a new genus upon
its characters which, as it stands alone in our fauna, it seems unnecessary
to use. The clubbed antenne are partly approached by other species.

N. devastator Lap & Gory, Mon., p. 17, t. 4, f. 18, bis.; Chev., Mon., 1862,
Pp. 531; aranetformis Sturm, Cat., 1826, p. 121; cordifer Dej., € sabe, a ed.5 Pa 5s
campullipes Schiipp, Dej. Cat., 1. c.; corthurnatus Klug, Dej. Cat., 1. c.; rufesceus
Lap & Gory, Mon., p. 16, t. 4, f. 18.

Length 5—16 mm. = .20-—-.64 ins. Hab. Florida.

This species has been taken in great number at Key West and Indian
River, Fla., also in Cuba. Color reddish brown with white pubescence.
Thorax sometimes black and white markings sometimes partly obliterated.

N. erythrocephalus Fab. Ent. Syst., I, 2, p. 335; Lap & Gory, Mon., p. 20,

5, f. 23; Hald., Trans. Am. Phil., X, p. 39; acwminatusFab., Spec. Ins., I, p. 234;

a

SS

ambulator Sturm, Cat., 1826, p. 121; americanus Gmel., ed. Linn eee lose
aspericollis Germ. Ins. Spec. Nov., p. 517.

Length 5—-18 mm. = .2c—.72 ins. Hab. N. H., Mass., Can., N. Mi.) Ease Pas
Va.; Del.,.N. C., N. J., Tex., Iowa, Ga., Kans., Neb:

I have included this species with those having spinose femora and
elytra, although in small specimens the spines are very small. The anterior
ridge of pronotum very prominent in large specimens is also scarcely
visible in small ones. Color reddish brown, except beneath and elytra
behind first band more or less black. Elytra bands yellow.

N. approximatus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1862, p. 42.

Length Io mm. = .56 ins. Hab. Kansas.

I have seen only one specimen in Dr. Horn’s collection ; reddish
brown with yellow bands.

N. balteatus Lec. S.M. C., 1873, p. 201.

Length 14 mm. — .56ins. Hab. (

This I have not seen. The color is describéd by Dr. Leconte as
fusco piceus with yellow markings. The sketch we owe to Dr. Horn’s
kindness. .

N. interruptus Lec. S. M. C, 1873, p. 201.

Length 10 mm. = .4o ins. Hab. California.

I have seen one specimen in Dr. Horn’s collection, reddish brown
with yellow markings.

)regon.

The three species above named though closely resembling each other
and eryihrocephalus, appear to be very distinct. They appear also to be
equally rare.

N. conjunctus Lec. Ent. Rept., 1857, p. 61.
Length 8—16 mm. = .32—.64 ins. Hab. Cal., Or.

Black with yellow or white bands. In a large series I find no var-
lation except in size.

N. capraea Say. J. A. P., III, 1823, p. 424; Am. Ent., III, t. 533 Weer aa
P., ser. 2, I, p. 26; elevatus Lap & Gory, Mon., p- 32, t. 7, £. 40; gébbicollis Lap
and Gory, Mon., p. 24, t. 6, f. 28.

Length 12—20 mm. = .48—-.80 ins. Hab. Ark., Pa., Mass., La., Va., Kans.,
Mo., N. Y., Miss., Neb., Texas.

Black with bands of yellow or occasionally white. The thorax is
usually entirely black, but in two specimens before me, from Texas, the
quadrate spaces between the thoracic ridges are entirely clothed with
silvery white hair.

N. ascendens Lec. Bull. Geol. and Geog. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 462.
Length 8§ mm. = .34 ins. Hab. Colorado.

This species I have not seen and our figure is copied from a sketch,
made by Dr. Horn, of the only specimen known in Dr, Leconte’s col-
lection. It is described as elongate and similar to muricafulus in form and
sculpture, but thorax less muricate and more coarsely punctured toward

ee

sides. Elytra marked as in figure, and the posterior femora extending to
tip of elytra.

N. muricatulus Kirby. Fn. Bor. Am., IV, p. 177; deucozonus Lap & Gory,
Mon., p. 90, t. 17, f. 105.

Length 7—10 mm. = .28—.4o ins. Hab. N. H., Cal., Utah, Wyo., H. B. T.,
Mass., ‘Can.; Va., Cal., Me.; La.

Black or brown with white markings, very constant in arrangement.
This species varies somewhat in the form of the thorax which is usually
nearly quadrate, a little wider than long, but sometimes very much wider.

N. longipes Kirby. Fn. Bor. Am., IV, 1837, p. 176.
Length 9—11 mm. = .36—.44 ins. Hab. Texas, Va., Can.

Black with white markings as in our figure, but sometimes partly
obliterated. This species runs very close to the preceding, is however
more slender, especially in the form of the thorax, the legs are longer,
and the tip of the elytra tends more to the acuminate form. The base
of the elytra bears very much more white hair.

N. torquatus Lec. S. M. C., No. 264, 1873, p. 200.
Length 74—12 mm. = .3c—.48 ins. Hab. Texas.

Black with yellow bands. Might be confused with ery/hrocephalus,
but is easily known by the transverse yellow band at middle of prothorax.
The anterior femora are finely dentate beneath, not very obviously in
small specimens,

EURYSCELIS, Chev.

This genus was erected by Chevrolat for a few species with twelve
jointed antennze, one of which has occured in the United States.

E. suturalis Oliv. Ent., IV, 1795, 70, p. 62, t. 7, f. 91; Lap & Gory, Mon.,
p- 15, t. 4, £. 16; Chev., Mon., 1862, p. 530; Zongip~es Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 357.

Length 64—11 mm. = .26—.44 ins. Hab. St. Domingo., N. Y., Tex.

I have two specimens before me, one from New York and one from
Texas. Light brown with white pubescence. ‘The thorax is carinate,
like Meoclyfus and the femora spinose.

CLYTANTHUS, 7Zzom.

This genus, which has neither the frontal carina nor thoracic ridges
is separated from C//us by the narrow episterna of the metathorax.
The two species differ greatly in the elytral marking which are described
below.

C. ruricola Oliv. Ent., IV, 70, p. 65, t. 8, f. 96; Lap & Gory, Mon., p. 56,
tai; 65;\Lec., J. A.’ P., ser. 2, Il, p. 273%capreolus Dey. Gat... 3d ed... pa asee
hamatus Say, J. A. P., Ill, 1823, p. 423; Am. Ent., III, t. 53.

Length 7—12 mm. = .28—.48 ins. Hab. Canada to Virginia, Maine to Illinois.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

—— 9 som

Notes on some species of Geometridz. No. 3
By Rev. Gao. Deabiorst.

(Continued from pe 224, vol, II.}

Marmopteryx gibbicostata Walk. (C. B. M. Geom, p, 1388, 1862.)

This species published as Cidaria gibbicostata is declared by Dr.
Packard, 5th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sci., p. 89, to be the same as Zephrina
strigularia, Minot, which was described Proc, Bost. Soc. Nie ee
170, 1869 as Anisopleryx strigularia. On p. 88, 5th Rept. Peab, Acad
Sci., Dr. Packard states Larentia costinotata, Walk., C. B. M. Geom.,
p. 1701, 1862, is a synonym of the same species. In his Mon. Geom.
p. 250, 1876, Dr. Packard creates the genus Jfarmopleryx, but does not
correct the synonomy, ‘This insect as noted by Dr. Packard was also
afterwards described as Larentia eneiformis by Dr. Harvey. So it has
been described four times, and referred to five genera !

Thamnonoma marcessaria Guen. (Phal., Il, 92, 1857.)

This species was afterwards re-described by Guénée as 7ephrina lor-
qguinaria, Phal. II, rot.

Caripeta augustioraria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom., p. 1§24, 1862.)

My material in this genus is not very large, numbering only 9 spe-
cimens of C. augustioraria, C. latioraria and C. subochrearia, Grt., of
which latter I have the types. I have also two specimens of C. @quaharia,
Grt., for comparison. Four specimens from Mr. W. W. Hill of Albany,
N. Y., taken in Lewis Co., N. Y., vary widely among themselves. Two
are orange ochreous, two are chestnut brown, two have the central band
broad and continuous across the wing, one has it almost, another en-
tirely divided. The hind wings vary also from orange ochreous to brown,
or are unicolorous light ochreous. My impression is from what material
I have, that these 4 species above are only varietal forms, which may in
places become races. But the amount of my material will hardly war-
rant any such reference at present. The females all seem to be more
diffusely marked than the males.

Fidonia fimetaria Grt. and Rob. (Tr, Am. Ent. Soc., Ili, 182.)

This species, very common in ‘Texas and Arizona, was re-described
by Mr. Grote from Arizona specimens as /. parfifarva (Can, Ent., XV..
130). In the types of this last species the males are exactly the same as
those of /. jimefaria, while the females are somewhat lighter.

Fidonia stalachtaria Streck. (Rept. Surv. Dept. Mo., p. 1863, pl. 2, f. 6, 1878.)

This was re-described by Mr. Grote as & alternaria (Can. Ent.,
XV, 27); there is no difference of even varietal value between the two,

Stenaspilates meskearia Pack. (Mon. Geom., p. 213, pl. 13, f. 50.)
Of these species I have already written (Ent. Am., I], 141-142).

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, ITI. 2 APRIL, 1887.

—— he)

Chloraspilates bicoloraria Pack. (Mon. Geom., p. 212, pl. 13, f. 40, 1876.)

Described by Mr. Grote (Pap., IH, 80, 1882,) as C., arvzonaria.
Having his types before me I can see no reason for considering it
distinct. The only difference noted is the discal ringlet. Dr. Packard
had only 1 J to describe from, and it happened it did not have
the discal ringlet evident. In a considerable series of specimens from
Texas and Arizona the majority have the annulate discal spot, the Texan
specimens rather more prominently than those from Arizona; it is as a
rule much less marked in the than in the ©. At the very best, Mr.
Grote’s name stands on a very frail basis as a variety, not good enough
however to warrant recognition in my opinion.

Aspilates liberaria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom, p. 239, 1860.)

This species was described by Mr. Walker under the genus Apicia,
and without knowledge of its habitat. Later (C. B. M. Geom., p. 889,
1861), he described it again as AZacaria inlegraria. This same species
Dr. Packard (6th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sci., p. 44, 1874,) described as
Aspilates lintneraria. In his Mon. Geom., p. 297, Dr. Packard recog-
nizes that his species is the same as Walker's J/acaria infegraria, but does
not change his own name in the description, p. 209; afterwards Mr.
Goodell, writing to the Can. Ent. (vol. X, p. 40), says that Dr. Packard
has for him identified specimens of Ziz/neraria as Walker's A. liberaria.
How the Doctor came to this knowledge is not stated, but I think on
the basis of it we are warranted in considering the three species one and
the same. Dr. Packard figures A. Aderaria, pl. 2, f. 54, and thus prob-
ably had a colored drawing of Walker's type.

Aspilates coloraria Fab. (Sup. Sys. Ent., 96, 97, 1798.)

This insect is extraordinarily variable in appearance, as indeed all
our species of Asfilates seem to be. Dr. Packard places the following
as synonyms: accessaria Hubn., cruenfaria Walk., and sph@romacaria
Harvey. In remarks under this species (Mon. Geom.) he says: ‘‘this
species is so much like A. dssemilarva, that I am inclined to regard it al-
most as a melanized form of that species.” With a large number of
specimens to compare, I am certain that the two are forms of the same
species. The name will of course stand A. colorarta. A number more
of Mr. Walker's species will also be rated as synonyms or varieties; how
many I do not know, but without doubt the following are: A. afro-
punctaria, C. B. M. Geom., p. 1673, 1862, and A. olenusaria, C. B. M.
Geom., p. 1675, 1862.

Gorytodes uncanaria Guen. (Phal. II, 180, 1857.)

This species is subject to considerable variation of the cross lines.
Platea californiaria H. Sch., has been regarded as a synonym, I think

wes) foo

very rightly; and having the types before me, I also so consider G. per-
sonaria Hy. Edw., the same species,

Gorytodes trilinearia Pack. (Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., XVI, 24, 1874.)

Having Mr. Grote’s type of G. dudcearia, (B’kl. Bull,, III, 46, 1880, )
before me, J am not able to separate it from Dr. Packard’s species above.
Grote’s type has considerable of an ochreous coloring, but all males have
more or less of that tint; the females of the species are lighter colored,
with more diffuse markings, and with little or no ochreous tendency.

Lepiodes scolopacinaria Guen. (Phal, II, 359, 360.)

This inseet has since the time of Guénée remained unidentified in
American collections; after a careful study of the description of the
genus, I have come to the conclusion that it can be none other than
Zornos, Morrison ; and after a like study of the species, I feel certain that
Guénée’s insect is the species known as rudiginosartus Morrison, Proc,
Bost. Soc. N. H., XVI, 218, 1875, typical form. Lepidopterists have
undoubtedly been misled by the fact that Guénée placed the genus just
after Lupithecia. Mr. Morrison in describing, placed the insect among
the Nocturde.

Lepiodes escaria Grt. (Can. Ent., XIV, 186, 1882.)

I have before me the types of all of Mr. Grote’s later species, viz. !
L.. escaria, interruptaria, ochrofuscaria, eupithectaria and prgmeolaria, and
these in thirty or forty specimens I have compared carefully. As a
result, I am forced to the conclusion that Z. pygmeolaria is a synonym of
£, escaria, differing in nothing but size. This variation is very great,
from 19 to 31 mm., but the specimens before me lie indiscriminately
between the two extremes.

Lepiodes interruptaria Grt. (Can. Ent., XIV, 185, 1882.)

This seems to be a good species, but the interrupted cross lines are
not specific, as there is every intergradation. ‘The outer cross line seems
however to be much more oblique than in Z. escarza, and the fore-
Wings are with a more rounded inner angle, and the inner margin very
much more rounded. JL. ochrofuscaria I consider a not very strongly
marked color variety of this species.

Lepiodes approximaria Pack. (Mon. Geom., p, 215, pl. 9, f. 40, 1876.)

Of this I consider Z. 2/fumataria Grt., (Can. Ent., IX, go, 1877),
asynonym. ‘There is, so far as I am able to determine, no difference
whatever between the two, save something more of a chocolate tint to
Dr, Packard’s types.

—— hom

Ss (

Chionobas semidea, wy.
By A. G. Werxs, JR.

So little has been said regarding the collecting of our rare mountain
butterfly, Chionobas semidea, that a few words in that respect, noting the
spots on Mt. Washington, where the insect flies, may prove of value to
some of your readers.

C. semidea is not found below the timber line, but inhabits the rocky
barren ground, five thousand feet above sea level. ‘Those taken by me
were found eight hundred to twelve hundred feet below the summit.
none being seen above or below this line.

I recommend the ascent from the Crawford House, by the bridle path
over Mts. Clinton, Pleasant, Franklin, and Monroe, a distance of eight or
nine miles. After passing Mt. Monroe, a level area comes into view, form-
ing a part of Mt. Washington, and about one thousand feet below the
summit. This space is one to two miles long, running north and south,
bordering Tuckerman’s Ravine, and called as it reaches the southern cliffs,
Boott’s Spur. The butterflies were scattered over this ‘‘field”, but most
commonly in the. line of the path and along the summit slope to the
cliffs. As one ascends towards the summit they become scarce, and
finally disappear altogether about two hundred feet above the level ground.
Walking around the summit on the westerly side, none were seen until
another comparatively level area was reached, extending from the railroad
track easterly to the cliffs overlooking the ravine, called the Gulf of
Mexico. Here a number were found, but they were not as plentiful as
on Boott’s Spur. But few more were found outside of these two spots.

In its flight, C. semdea resembles closely our small moths, when
roused from their hiding places during the day. Rarely raising more than
two or three feet, they drop clumsily into the grass or among the stones,
perhaps twenty feet away. When they rise from the ground the wind
usually takes them and carries them out of sight, rendering collecting
hard and disappointing. Although clumsy and sluggish in the use of
their wings, they are not so with their legs, and move about with a quick
jerky motion.

Although these butterflies do not gather in swarms, they nevertheless
seem to seek companionship, and, one being started, another may be
found some five to ten feet away.

They do not stop on flowers or on grass blades. When at rest they
either remain on the side of boulders or tucked away under the grass,
from which it takes them some time to free themselves.

They were not seen flitting about as do their brethren in the valleys.
None were seen on the wing unless aroused by some one approaching.

A few Corrections to Henshaw’s Check List.
By E. A. ScHwarz.

Calosoma tepidum Iec., is not a variety of ca/dum but a distinct
species.

Tachys nigriceps Dej., is to be stricken off, = Perigona nigri-
ceps, Dej.

Agabus parallelus Lec., is considered by Dr. Sharp as syno-
nymous with A. serza/us and, I think, quite correctly so.

Agabus congener Payk. and A. ambiguus Say (ovoideus
Lec.). This nomenclature adopted by Mr. Henshaw leads to confusion
and is neither in accordance with that given by Dr. Sharp, nor with Dr.
Horn’s subsequent remarks (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X, p. 278). The
two species should stand as follows:

A. congener /uayk.
ambiguus Say.

A. confinis Gy//h.
ovotdeus, Crotch.

Moreover, A. confinis should be inserted immediately before 7/fus-
cafus Aub., with which it forms a well-defined group, characterized by
the acute ridge on the prosternal process (cf. Sharp, On Aquat. Carniv.
Doky p. 520).

Scydmzenus cautus Lec. This name appears first in Dr. Le-
conte’s List (Smithsn. Misc. Coll., 140), but has never been backed by a
description, and is therefore to be stricken off.

Gymnusa variegata Kiesenw., is to be added after G. drevicollis.

Ptilium fungi Lec., appears twice in the List, once as Nanosella
and a second time as Péliwm. ‘The latter reference should be stricken off.

Ptenidium Ulkei Matth. This is the species formerly known to
us as a/omaroides Mots. With the literature at my command I fail to
find a description of Motschulsky’s species, but if it is described the name
has preference over Matthew's name. If it is only a MS. species, it
should be dropped from the List.

Ptenidium ? lineatum Lec. I think it was for this species that
the genus Jicridium was introduced in the 2nd edition of the ‘‘Classifi-
cation.”

Cybocephalus unicolor Mots. If this name is to be retained at
all it should at least be transferred to the genus Cercyon in accordance
with the author's own opinion, regarding the lost type of his species (cf.
Mannerheim, 3ter Beitrag zur Kéferfauna etc., p. 110).

Cis bicarinatus Mann., read C. diarmatus. This is one of those
typographical errors which are likely to be perpetuated in future editions
of the List.

—T4—

Anthonomus signatus Say, is synonymous with A. musculus
Say (cf. Dr Riley, Rep. of the Comm. of Agric., 1885, p. 281).

Encalus decipiens Lec. The genus Zycalus is a synonym of
Prociorus, and the species should be referred to the latter genus (cf. Dr.
Leconte, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., XVII, p. 620). Leconte’s rectification
was entirely overlooked in the 2d editicn of the ‘‘Classification”, (p. 482).

Pseudobaris albilata Lec., read a/bila/us. Leconte had originally
given the correct name; the error was introduced by Mr. Austin in his
Supplement to Crotch’s Check List. The name Lropus querci Fitch, might
also advantageously be changed to guercus.

Quite a large number of species more recently described by European
authors are not referred to in Mr. Henshaw’s List, but as most of these
species will—so far as I am able to judge—only sweil the number of
synonyms, their enumeration is better deferred to a paper on Synonymy,
which I hope, will ere long be written by a more competent hand than
mine.

Ecpanthera reducta, Grove.

By Daviw Bruce, Brockport, N. Y.

I captured a female example of this species in Platte Canon, Col.,
last July—it was flying in the sunshine over low plants. I carefully pre-
served it alive and was pleased to find next morning that it had deposited
a small batch of eggs; these were firmly attached to the bottom of the box
and arranged in very regular rows side by side; these resembled tiny
pearls, being beautifully opalescent; in two days they turned lead colored,
but still preserving the same pearly luster; they hatched on the eight and
ninth day after.

The larvae when first hatched were brownish black; after moulting
the hairs on the three last sezments were longer than the others and
slightly tinged with light brown at the tips, giving a hoary appearance;
at the third moult the final change in color took place, and the larve,
(which hitherto could hardly be distinguished from Archa Saunders of
the same age), presented an entirely different appearance and in markings
were unlike any other larva I ever saw; length, when walking extended,
from 14 to 2 inches, the sexes being easily distinguished by the superior
size of the females, those that produced male imagos being 3 inch shorter
than the others; head and top of next segment pitchy black, feet and
naked parts of body a livid purplish flesh color; from the usual verrucose
warts on each segment arose spreading tufts of stiff glossy hairs, longer
and more spreading than those on the larvae of P. Zsade//a; the hairs form-

—15—

ing the posterior side of each tuft are cinnamon brown, the front hairs of
each tuft being brownish black, thus giving a peculiar annulated appear-
ance and making the larva resemble the tail of a ‘‘coon” in miniature.—
These larva are apparently gregarious when young, and are nocturnal
feeders They all crept under leaves, and reposed side by side during
the day. I fed them on Polygonum and Plantain, but they would eat
almost any low plant; when about half grown they ceased to feed and hid
under leaves and moss for several weeks, occasionally coming up at
night and wandering about, but not eating. I placed them in my ‘‘Win-
dow Garden” in December; after a few days they commenced feeding on
Chickweed and Dandelion, and finally a few went to pupa, emerging as
imago 32 days after. Some of the larvee are still feeding a little, and are
large and healthy. The pupz are rather more pointed than those of the
genus Arca, and the anal spine is slightly flattened and bristly; the larval
skin is firmly attached and envelops the abdominal segments of the pupa
more than is usually the case. Not the slightest indication ofa web or co-
coon is formed.
9
A Field Note.

‘An overflowing brook drove all the Credela sexguitala from a good
locality in Malden, Mass., and since that time (June 28th), only one or
two specimens have been seen.

I noticed them first, resting a short distance outside the town on a
sandy roadway, and when I disturbed them all flew in a certain direction
and were soon lost to sight.

There is a strange scarcity—I should say absolute want—of other
species of this genus here; since earlv in the season I have seen but two
species—C. purpurea and C. punctulata —and only one specimen of the
latter; this is the more remarkable because Crcimdele were very
common here last year, and this season they are plenty in adjoining
towns.

There is a most unusual scarcity of all Coleopterous insects in this
particular locality and I can see no reason why there should be, for food
plants are plenty and everything seems to warrant a prolific insect life.

There must be a cause for this seeming extinction of local species ;
but I cannot find any adequate reason for the continued exclusion of in-
sects from a small area while all around within a few miles species are as
common as ever.

The Diptera are very scarce, not only in Malden and other towns
near Boston, but throughout all eastern Massachusetts, as far as I have
collected.

i

As far as [ have noticed, the Lepidoptera are also very scarce here,
at least even the more common species have been rarely seen by me, but
as an offset for the lack of species of other orders the Hymenoptera are
very plentiful,

At one place, north of the town, where a swampy field is full of wild
plants, scores of species could be seen flying from flower to flower in such
variety that I was greatly tempted recently, to collect them, instead of

continuing in my vain search for beetles. La. Hoon:
—_——__—>+->____—-

Minot has found. that even a small piece of the skin of a larva will
serve to identify it. In many of them the color of the skin is caused by
pigment which may permeate the entire chitinous substance or be confined
to the outer cuticular layer, where it is arranged, in combination with
the sculpture of the surface, into pretty microscopic patterns, which are
different in every species. The larvee were taken from alcohol, boiled in
concentrated potash and the chitinous layer mounted in balsam. In
Danars archippus the dark brown transverse bands of the mature larva are
caused by the coloration of the cuticle; but the color is not evenly dif
fused, and is confined to small, sharply defined spaces which are elevated
in the center, so that the whole has 4 hilly appearance. A transverse sec-
tion showed that the coloring matter was contained in a very thin layer of
lamellae upon the base of colorless chitin. In Cynthia lavinia the fields
are also papillose but grouped in small spots. In Vanessa antiopa the skin
is evenly papillose; in Grapfa interrogationis variably so. In Limenitis
disippus dark papillz are scattered among the colorless majority. In
Grapta comma the papille are acute and somewhat spiniform and very
close together. In Papilio philenor this is exaggerated, so as to cause the
appearance ofa thick fur. In Heliconia charitonia the papille are more
sparse, but unusually thick and convex in profile, while usually they are
concave, A remarkable decrease in the number of papillz is found in
Luptoieta claudia, while in Agraulis vanille they are more numerous but
smaller. In Papilio ajax there are neatly formed pointed papillz of variable
sizes, evenly spread over the surface. In Anzso/a shgma they form small
hillocks without distinct apices. In Da/ana minisiva as well as in Cimbex
americana the rounded hillock like form of the colored spaces gives a reti-
culated appearance. Minot believes, that these modifications of the cuticle
have some connection with unknown sensory organs, and that he has dis-
covered a valuable aid to the construction of a natural system.

(Compare Charles Sedgwick Minot, Archiv fiir mikroskopische Ana-
tomie, Band 28, Seite 37—48, t, 7,—Ent. Nachrichten, XIII, 29.

Joun B. Smirn.

—17—

Euerythra trimaculata, mew species.
By Joun B. Smrru.

Head and thorax white, orbits of eyes and the vestiture of palpi bright red. Ab-
domen white, the segments ringed with bright red of variable width. In the © the
red is sometimes very faint orange covered with white scales. In the 6 on the con-
trary the predominating color is sometimes red and it appears white banded. A row
of black dorsal spots, which are however often wanting. Primaries with an umber
brown or blackish fascia of variable width near the base—broadest at costa, outwardly
oblique to the submedian interspace and: there usually terminated—-occasionally there
is a narrower prolongation inwardly oblique to the internal vein ; another short band
of similar color from the costa near apex inwardly oblique to vein 5. A short upright
band from the inner margin near anal angle, to vein 2. In seme specimens a double
spot at the end of the discal cell. The veins where they cross the brown bands are
marked with yellow scales. Secondaries pure white, immaculate. Beneath, the
markings of primaries are faintly reproduced. Secondaries occasionally with a discal
spot. Anterior cox bright orange red, inside of anterior femora and tibize brown.
Else underside white.

Expands 1—¥.25 inches = 26—33 mm. Hab. Texas.

This species has been heretofore confounded with phasma Harv.,
which has the ‘‘Fore wings white, crossed by a broad irregular blackish
band from base to extremity of veins 3 and 4 where it stains the other-
wise white fringes.” No trace of this band exists in the present species.
The ornamentation is similar in pattern and the present form has been
considered as one with the markings incomplete. In addition to the
color characters it offers others ofa structural nature, to which I will draw
attention in a subsequent article,

ee

Notes and News.

Mr. A. G, Butler writes, that while going over their Noctuidz recently,
he caught sight of two specimens of Moéde, right in the middle of the
Lrasiride and described by Walker (Cat. Lep. Het., 33, Suppl. pl. 3,
Pp. 795) as Lrasiria pustulata, It at once struck*him that they were identical
with Argyrophyes nigrofasciata, and he kindly sent us the note.

Nola nigrofasciata was described by Zeller in the Verh, k. k. Zooh-
Bot. Ges., XXII, p. 454, pl. I, f 1 (1872), was first referred by Grote
(Buf. Bul., Il, 152), to Reselia and afterward (Can. Ent, IX, 2277). to
Argyrophyes. Walker's specific name has of course undoubted priority
and the species must be known in future as A. pus/ulafa Wik.

* x

x
The following is part of a letter from Mr. A. G. Butler to the former
Editor.
“In Rev. G. D. Hulst’s article on Geometride (p. 222, Vol. I1), Iam
glad to note what he says about the use of the Hiibnerian ‘‘Tentamen”
names; I strongly object to their adoption, on the following grounds:

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 3 APRIL, 1887.

ae

1.—There is no proof that the ‘Tentamen’ was ever published; even
if Habner distributed copies amongst his friends, that would not con-
stitute publication.

2.— There were no descriptions of any of the genera published at the
time, and a name without even the form of a description is worthless,
because—

3.—There is no proof that the species in Hiibner’s collection, to
which a ‘Tentamen’ generic name was given, was identical with the spe-
cies now recognized under the same name.

In the *Verzeichniss’, on the other hand Hiibner did make some at-
tempt—feeble indeed, but still an attempt—to describe his genera; he
usually referred to figures or descriptions of his species and, lastly, his
names have been largely adopted and redescribed in detail.

In my opinion my friend Mr. Scudder never made a greater mistake
than in dragging to the light that horrible “Tentamen’, a thing less valuable
than a bookseller’s auction catalogue, yet worshipped (as though it had
been a long lost Bible recovered) by a certain class of Antiquarian Ento-
mologists.”

* e *

In the Berliner Ent. Zeitschrift for 1886, there are some interesting
notes, some of which we reproduce :

In the meeting of Oct. 11th, Mr. Honrath apore from Mr. Ricardo
Rohde, that in Paraguay there exists a spider, immense colonies of which
web over entire groups of trees. In these nets beetles the size of D.
hercules were caught, and even moderate sized birds caught in the net are
hopelessly lost.

In the meeting of Nov. 8th, there were exhibited some specimens of
Silvanus surmamensis, and the question of the food of the larvae and
beetles was discussed. It seems yet undecided whether they are grain or
animal feeders, and both sides adduce proofs for their convictions. In
the Ent. Div. of the Dept. of Agriculture it has been definitely proved
that they are grain feeders, for a number of the beetles were confined with
perfectly clean grain in a tight jar. The beetles and their progeny ate it
all up. On, the other hand this does not prove that they do not also enjoy
animal food such as eggs and larve of other insects, and conflicting ob-
servations may be reconcilable in that way.

In the meeting of Nov, 15th, Mr. Honrath explained how he mended
butterflies. When a feeler is lost or broken, he carefully bores out the
point of insertion with a fine pin, puts in a trifle of fish glue and puts the
feeler into the opening thus made. Denuded spots on a wing can be
covered with a thin coat of Gum tragacanth, and similar scales from an-
other specimen of the same species can be dusted on.

The method is ingenious and the results no doubt very neat ;—
but once upon a time I puzzled for some time over a somewhat aberrant
specimen which had serrated antennze, was a female and evidently be-
longed to a genus where the females had simple antennz, and it looked
common enough, too. I put it aside, and only some time afterward it
struck me that the corespondent from whom I had received it, often
mended insects. Sure enough, careful inspection proved that the antennz
were pasted on and belonged to a (¥ of some entirely different genus. It
makes a collection look well to have insects artificially perfect, but it
renders its study difficult, for one must always look carefully to see which
is nature and which is art. Jonn B. Smiru.

———_—__—+»+_—_.

Book Notice.
Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerica. Von Dr. Gustav
Mayr. Verh. k. k. Zool.-Bot. Ges. in Wien. 1886, pp, 419—468.

This pamphlet of 48 pages is the most important work on this group
of American Insects that has ever been issued, and puts it within the
power of the American Student to at least discover what is known, and to
obtain a general idea of the classification of this family. Unfortunately
there are no comprehensive synopses or—except in three instances—
synopses of species, and the work is thus not so useful as it might be,
nor are all the species described which would have greatly enhanced the
value of the paper. It is a synonymical, annotated and descriptive list,
and as such is a model. ‘The order of genera and the number of species
in each, is as follows :

Camponotus, 8; Colobopsts, 1; Myrmecocystus, 1; Poligerus, 1%;
Formua, 7 (ciliata n. sp.); Lasius, 6; LBrachymyrmex, 1; Prenolepsis, 4:
Tridomyrmex, 1; Dorymyrmex, 1; Liomelopum, 1; Tapinoma, 2; Doh-
choderus, 4 (pustulatus n. sp.), a table of workers being here given ;
Odontomachus, 2; Proceratium, 3 ; Discothyrea, 1 ; Ponera, 2; Lobopelta,
I {septentrionalis n. sp.); Amblypona, 1; Lciton, 8, (subsulcatum n. sp. ):
Affa, 2; Aphcnogaster, 9, with table of workers (drevicornis, lamellidens,
allisetosa, Andrei and Pergandei new species); Pogonomyrmex, 5; Myr-
mica, 4 ; Leptothorax, 5, with table of workers ( fortinodis n. sp. ); Tetra-
morium, 2; Sfenamma, 1, (neoarciicum n. sp.); Myrmecina, 1 ; Mono-
morium, 2; Pheidole, 6, (commutata, n. sp.); Solenopsis, 4, (dedalis n. sp. );
Cremastogaster, 4, (Ashmeadin, sp.); Pseudomyrma, 1; Strumigenys, 2.

There are therefore 107 species distributed in 34 genera, and of these
species there are 14 not heretofore described. It is almost certain that
this list does not begin to represent the American /ormiced fauna, and
there is plenty of chance for the enterprising collector and student.

30 —-<

SOCIETY NEWS.

Brooklyn Entomological Society—At the monthly meeting, March 1st, 14
members where present. A donation of 130 specimens of Coleoptera was made to the
Cabinet by Mr. Beutenmueller. Dr. C. 5S. McKnight and F. H. Chittenden were
elected members of the Society. The Librarian presented a copy of proposed rules
and regulations respecting the use of books in the library, which were adopted. Elec-
tion for Editor of Entomologica Americana being in order, a letter from Mr, J. B. Smith
was read, declining, on account of residence in Washington, D. C., to be a candidate
for re-election. On proceding to ballot, Geo. D, Hulst was unanimously elected
Editor, and Chris. H. Roberts Assistant Editor for the ensuing year. Mr. Hulst re-
ported from the Executive Committee that an offer had been made to the Society by
Mr. A. C. Weeks to collect and mount 6500 specimens of the local insect fauna in
Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Neuroptera, not more than four specimens
of a species, on condition, that the Society furnish the pins, card points mounted on
pins, and name labels; Mr. Hulst further reported that the offer had been accepted by
‘the Executive Committee.

A paper was read by Mr. Weeks giving the life history of Zarvache delecta Walk.
The larva, which was curiously striped, somewhat resembled the larva of Adypia octo-
maciudata and was found feeding on the leaves of the Swamp Rose Mallow (Hibiscus
Moscheutos L.), early in September, It pupated in a cocoon, and emerged the next
year.

- Mr. Weeks also read a paper upon the effect of the weather upon the emerging
of imagines from pupz and of their ability to control the time of their emergence; the
paper evoked considerable discussion and disagreement from the author’s views.

Entomological Society of Washington. Mecting held March 3rd, 1887.—
A communication by Mr. J. D. Sherman, Jr., was read entitled ‘‘Notes for the year
1886’’ and recording the capture or mode of occurence of a number of Coleoptera in
the vicinity of Peekskill, N. Y.

Mr. Smith called attention to: the peculiar antennal structure of Cressonia jug-
/andis which remarkably resembles that of the Safunz7d@ in the double bi-pectinations.
He also showed that two distinct species had been heretofore confounded under the
name Luerythra phasma, and pointed out the distinctive features of the two forms.
He also stated that a careful comparison of the large series of Cad/imorpha in the
Museum collection proved the specific distinctness of most of the forms heretofore
classed as varieties of Leconte?,

Mr. Schwarz exhibited specimens of Xy/eborus prvi and X. obesus and pointed
out that in spite of their different appearance they might be the sexes of one and the
same species.

Mr. Schwarz gave a list of the Scolytids found by him on Pinus inops in the vi-
cinity of Washington. The list enumerates 18 species but the mode of work of many
of these still remains unknown; Among the less common species is /%tyophthorus
pudllus, the galleries of which were exhibited and explained by Mr. Schwarz. The
female beetle constructs under the bark a rather large, more or less oval central cham-
ber from which from 3 to 5 long and slightly undulated galleries lead off in various
directions but usually more or less up- or downward. The eggs are deposited singly
at rather large intervals in these galleries. The greatly curving larval galleries do not
present any particular features but are rather shorter than in allied species. All these
galleries are more within the bark itself than in the outermost layers of wood.

TON CIC
AMERIGANA

wary Tt. BROOKLYN, MAY, 1887. ee

Notes upon certain Pyralide.
By Gro. D. Hutst.

In the Transactions of the American Entomol. Society, Vol. XIII,
pp. 145-168, I published under the title ‘‘Descriptions of new species
of Pyralde”, 89 species in that family. The descriptions were in many
cases based upon single specimens, and in a few cases upon very indif-
ferent material. Moreover at that time a very large portion of the material
was the property of other persons, so that I was unable to make the
examinations generally necessary for determination. I also fell into an
unfortunate misinterpretation of some statements of opinion by one,
whose judgment was by me so highly regarded that I did not consider it
necessary to verify it, and this led to more than one error. Almost as
soon as the descriptions were published, I became the possessor of the
types of nearly all my species. I was thus able to give more complete,
study, and with further comparisons I became convinced that I had re-
described a number of species. I withheld the publishing of these till
I could make still further comparisons, which, upon a recent visit to
Prof. Fernald, I was able to do. I took all the types in my possession,
with me, and together we went over them, and compared them with his
material. He verified in the greater part my own conclusions, and
through his superior knowledge, pointed out errors that had escaped me.

As a result of our mutual study, I note the following :

Chalcela gemmalis = Choreutes bjerkandella, Thun.
Botis monulatis = B. mustilinealis, Pack.

Botis pergilvalis = B, coloradensis, Grt.

Botis gulosalis = B. magistralis Grt.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 4 May, 1887.

Botis uxorculalis = Stemmatophora nicalis, Grt.

Botis saltusalis = Homophysa eripalis, Grt.

Botis levalis = Acrospila gastralis, Guén., from St. Domingo.

Botis bellulalis = B. diffissa, G. & R., variety.

Scoparia ninguidalis = S. centuriella, S. & V., variety.

Stenurges floridalis = S. designalis, Guén., from the West Indies.
Zinckenia pirfuscalis == Pilocrosis ramentalis, Led., from the West Indies.
Toripalpus taleolalis = Tetralopha dillucttella, Grt.

Crambus refoltalis = C, zeellus, Fern.

Crambus bonusculalis = C. plejadellus, Zinck.

This is as far as we are willing at the present time to assert positively.
It may be found that other changes will have to be made, as there un-
doubtedly will be through the whole family. ‘There are nearly 100 spe-
cies of Mr. Walker unidentified, the types of which are in the British
Museum collection. .

‘There are also a considerable number of the species of Guénée and
Lederer still undetermined. As almost all the material of these describ-
ers was from the East, their names will probably not much affect my own
species.

OR Soe et

A Hint to Rearers of Lepidoptera.

Some time since my friend Mr. Seib of Newark, N. J., was so
fortunate as to obtain very many eggs of Sphinx luscitiosa, and a number
of larvee of Smerinthus Astylus. Many went into the pupe state and were
in that condition kept in a cool cellar through the winter ; when there
was no longer danger of frosts the pupze were placed in the open air. No
imagines emerged, however. Two years ago, I had the same experience
with Syerinthus Astylus and Darapsa versicolor. Vhe pup being kept
in a cool cellar and removed when spring opened, to the open air. All
died and in the pupz examined afterwards the imagines were found fully
developed and ready to emerge. It seems the simple change of condition
was sufficient to destroy, though there was never enough of dryness to
work by itself any mischief. Having since kept the same insects under
the same conditions but without change of atmosphere there has been al-
most no mortality among the pupe. Mr. Hulst informs pe that he has
had a pupa of Darapsa versicolor hatch out in June where the larve had
escaped and pupated out of reach in the slide of folding doors, although
the room had been heated all winter with a hot air furnace.

In all cases it seems the pupz do best when left undisturbed in their
cocoons and when not exposed to varying conditions of atmosphere.

Jacos Dott.

—23—

SYNOPSES OF CERAMBYCID-.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B. S.
(Continued from p. 8, vol. JIT.)

C. albofasciatus Lap & Gory. Mon., p. 96, t. 12, f. 113.
Length 1omm = .4oins. Hab. Pa., Ohio.

C. rurt-ola is black, legs, except tip of femora, and antenne rufo-
testaceous, banded as follows: thorax entirely margined ; elytra with
scutellum entirely yellow, a short transverse band behind the base, a
deeply sinuate band running at an angle with the suture to about the
middle of the elytra and then bending upward and outward to the mar-
gin (this band is often broken), and an oblique arcuate band behind the
middle.

C. albofasciatus has the thorax always black, otherwise it varies con-
siderably in color from red to black. The bands which are formed of
short white hairs are only on the elytra ; a short oblique line before the
middle and a long arcuate band behind the middle. The apex is also
clothed with white pubescence. ‘This species is also much flatter than
ruricola. An interesting note upon its varieties by Dr. Hamilton will be
found in Can. Ent., June 1886. It was bred from Grape and Hickory
by him.

; MICROCLYTUS, Zev.

M, gazellula Hald. Trans. Am. Phil., X, 1847, p. 42; Proc. Acad. Phil., IV,
p. 372; Lacord Gen. Col., IX, 1869, p. 89, not 3; gébdudus Lec., Agass. Lake Sup.,
POGOmn 224. eee ec... AP. ser. 2, Il,.p. 26:

Length 6—7 mm. — .24—.28 ins. Hab. Middle States to Canada, L. Sup.

A small insect, piceous or reddish brown with the thorax above and
the elytra, except about the middle of the suture, black and rather closely
punctured. The legs and antennz always paler. Elytral markings com-
posed of long white hairs arranged as follows: an oblique line from the
scutellum, a very short transverse or slightly arcuate line about the middle
quite distinct from the next, a broader band immediately behind and
nearly transverse, a blotch covering the entire apical eighth of the elytra.
The antennz are as long as the insect <j, about 3 9. The tip of the
elytra is very slightly truncate (¥‘, or separately rounded ©.

This species is the first of the group Amaglypi in all of which the
elytra are gibbous or elevated in a lump at base. In JM/croclylus the ele-
vation is slight, only a little rounded lump and does not extend obliquely
towards the margin as in Cyr/ophorus.

CYRTOPHORUS, Zee.

C. verrucosus Oliv, Encycl. Méth. VII, 1792, p. 458; Ent. IV, 1795, p. 67,
Pee teOO ALEC An b,,.sex-, 2, Ll, p. 20.

Length 6—10 mm. = .24—.40 ins. Hab. Middle and Eastern States and Canada,
Prs@aco, C,, Gas

24

Black, of partly rufous. Elytral bands following the same arrange-
ment as in J/icroclyius but composed of short hairs and narrow and the
short transverse band more or less united with the next. The insect is
sometimes confused in collections with the preceding but the spine of 3rd
antennal joint at once distinguishes it. The 4th and 5th joints sometimes
bear shorter spines also. The basal elevation of the elytra is very con-
spicuous, rising abruptly in front and descending gradually behind until it
disappears near the middle of the outer margin.

TILLOMORPHA, Blanch.
T. geminata Hald. Trans. Am. Phil., X, 1847, p. 42: duplicatus Lec., J.A.P.
Serre ell e850 .20:
Length 6—8 mm. = .24—.32 ins. Hab. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ga.

Black, or partly rufous, marked with lines of white pubescence. Legs
nearly testaceous. ‘lhe elevation of the elytra is well marked, rising gra-
dually in front and running obliquely as in Cyrfophorus but terminated
sharply behind and the arrangement of the bands causes a deceptive appear-
ance of a channel immediately behind it. The white pubescence is almost
silver in color and brightness and arranged as follows: two longitudinal
lines on the thorax, obliterated in front, two oblique parallel lines on the
elytra, close together and immediately behind the elevation, and the apical
third except the extreme tip. The rounded eye of this species has been
described before

EUDERCES, Zee.
The four species of this genus are very easily known by the ivory
bands of the elytra. They may be thus separated :
SN OP STS Tle (GD ET: Cle iS.
Elytra with one oblique ivory fascia ; thorax striate.
Eye nearly divided, the two parts connected by a thin correous line ; prothorax

UIRITEO LOOM yan OUI CLE Gl Felt LENS CLG name Rennetee ole ele niente eee ee picipes.

Eye completely divided ; prothorax distinctly depressed each side near the anterior
marein) and snubanpulare tatesiclesmery-1-\r cts tes state ae pini
Elytra with one exactly transverse ivory fascia ; prothorax punctate, not striate ; eye
completelyadivid es: scec casts 2 es tetemisinns > seis das) dee eee Reichei.
Blytra with two transverse parallel ivory fascie.............. 22-+-+-: parallelus.

Eu. picipes Fab. Mant. Ins., I, pe i57-; Ohy., nt. 70 3p. 57, te 45 toate eee
apres Gory. Mon, py iO7, t.82O. 1. 0270 mlcecr. | eAcmiee Seber 2m lism og Os

Length 5—9 mm. = .20—.36 ins. Hab Dakota, Wisc., Ill., Ga., Tex., Mo.,
Mass., Ni. Y., N: J:, Canada, Md., Pa., Iowa, La.

Buy pini Oliv.) Pot, LV; 1795, 7Ospey ie teiOs) dt. OS, al Dy SLCC. eau eeemiccie
2, Il, 1852, p. 158; peniadea Fab., Syst. El., II, p. 353; Lap & Gory, Mon., p. 109,
t. 20, f. 129; Hald., Trans. Am. Phil., X, p. 41 ; ¢estaceipes Hald., 1. c.

Length 64—9 mm. = .26—.36ins. Hab. Tex., Md., Ga., Kans., N. J., Can., La.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

—25—

New Species of Callimorpha.

By Joun B. Smiru.
C. lactata n. sp.

Head and collar yellow ; palpi black tipped ; antennz black. Thorax white,
immaculate. Abdomen yellow, immaculate. Beneath, thorax and legs yellow, anterior
tibia and tarsi, and middle tarsi blackish outwardly. Primaries a very pale creamy
white, immaculate. Secondaries yellow, immaculate. Beneath yellow, immaculate.

Expands 2.25 inches = 55—56 mm.
Hab. Texas.

I have seen several of these collections as immaculate forms of clymene,
corresponding to the /w/zcos/a form of /econfet, and possibly it may be so.
But /wlvicoséa is a distinct species from /econ/ez, and I believe the present
form distinct from clymene. At the worst the name will stand for a good
variety, though I scarcely believe it such.

C. suffusa n. sp.

Lecontet auct. reversa Stretch. Ent. Am., I, 104 (in part).

Head yellow ; palpi black tipped ; antennz black. Collar yellow with a small
blackish spot each side of the middle, which is sometimes wanting. Thorax white,
patagize black margined anteriorly ; a broad blackish dorsal stripe. Abdomen white,
with a row of small, dorsal dark spots, rarely forming a complete line, and often en-
tirely wanting. Beneath, legs yellow, anterior coxze with a black spot, tibize dark
outwardly, fore and median tarsi blackish. Primaries white; a broad brown costal
margin nearly to the apex ; a broad brown internal margin from base to anal angle ;
outer margin also black margined from apex to near the anal angle ; rarely the mar-
gins are connected so that the wing is completely dark margined. ‘An oblique dark
band from anal angle to costa about 2 from base. From the middle of this band runs
another, to outer margin below apex. From this, close to its inception, a short band
runs to costa ; at its outer third another spur is sent off, also to the costa, forming thus
a series of three white spots below costa, and beyond the first oblique band, and a
larger, somewhat triangular spot near the outer margin its broad base near the anal
angle, This maculation varies in that the dark veins sometimes divide the marginal
spot ; or, on the contrary, the dark bands become attenuated, and some of the spots
become more or less confluent. Rarely the maculation is almost, but never quite, ob-
solete. The distinctive feature, which is always noticeable is in the oblique band,
which in this species reaches the costa about two-fifths from base, and the white patch
on the disk is therefore very obtusely angled on the costa. Secondaries white, imma-
culate, rarely witha dusky spot near anal angle. Beneath white, maculation of pri-
maries faintly reproduced.

Expands 1.75—2 inches = 43—50 mm.

Hab. Can. to Texas. Atlantic States west to Kansas.

In maculation this species is the exact counterpart of clymene, and
the size also is nearly the same. The ground color is however always
white, and there are other structural features which I will elsewhere call
particular attention to.

This is one of the forms usually named /econ/ez, and is the form pro-

Sane

duced by the larva, described by Mr. Saunders in Can. Ent. I, 20, and
figured by Stretch in his Zyg. and Bomb., pl. IX, f. 4, as typical of
lecontet.

Canadian Entomologists have very generally contended that there
were several species confused under the term /econ/er. Mr. Caulfield says
in the 16th Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 38: ‘‘I am satisfied however that
breeding the larva will in time prove that we have three white winged
species—Lecon/et, contigua, and the smaller form which now does duty as
Leconter.” Mr Caulfield is right, but he also mistakes the type of Zeconfer
which is the smaller, darker form, while, what he calls Zecon/ez is the spe-
cies here described as new.

Mr. Stretch has also mistaken the type of Zecon/ez, considering it the
same as milifaris Harr., from which it differs throughout, and he describes
as C. reversa (Ent. Am. I, 104), three distinct species including the
present form, coz/igua, and the typical /econ/ez. I have therefore cited his
name as a synonym, the description having no type.

In a paper for the Proc. U.S. Nat’l Mus. I have monographed the
genus and carefully pointed out the differences between the species.

——} o> __—

Kprror ‘‘EnromorocicA AMERICANA.”

I notice in your ‘‘Society News”, April Number, it is stated that
‘‘Mr. Weeks read a paper upon the effect of the weather upon the
emerging of insects from pupze, and their ability to contro] the time of
emergence. ”

In connection with this, I wish to relate an experience, which seems
to me very much out of the line of what is ordinary.

Last month, that is early in March, I found a cocoon of A/facus
Cecropia, in an exposed part of a field, on a day when the weather was
extremely cold, about 2 to 4 degrees above zero. I placed the cocoon in
a box in a warm room about 7 o'clock in the evening. The next morning
the perfect insect emerged. There is no doubt that the insect came from
this particular cocoon.

In the same box I have some Prometheus cocoons, which have re-
mained there since March 1886, At that time I found 40 or 50 cocoons.
About 25 of them came out by the roth of June, 1886. After that, none
emerged until December, since which 2 or 3 have emerged each month.
Those that are left seem to be alive and well. J. H. Werrvum.

> + >

—27—

Catocala badia, G. & R.

The note on p. 3 on C marmorata Edw., I can parallel with another
on C éadia, an insect more common, but withal very rare. A frend,
new in the work of collecting, was visited by me, and I spoke of the un-
usually large series of C, dadia G. & R., which he had in his otherwise
quite deficient collection. He told me he had obtained these on a visit
to a country place near Darien, Conn. He there had his first experience
in ‘‘sugaring.” C éadia came in great quantities to the ‘‘sugar.” He
took a score or so of specimens, then knocked them away as a nuisance,
for he found they would not give Drasteria erechtea, Mamestra arctica
and such like any chance, and his collecting was a comparative failure be-
cause C. dadia was so plentiful ! G.. D) gust.

ee

Note on Dytiscus.

There has been some doubt of the occurrence of Dytiscus hybridus in
this vicinity (New York), a collector of great experience having informed
me it was restricted to the Lake region. I want to state that I found
last September in a little pond on Staten Island, 5 males and 2 females
(smooth). Nota single specimen of /asciventris was obtained from the
same pond, and only two verfrcal’s were found in company with it. In
addition to the diagnosis of Crotch as to form of body, form and sculpture
of thorax, inner line of yellow elytral margin unbroken, Mr. Sharp
points out a difference in the hind coxal plates, which are sub-parallel,
while in /asciventris they are divergent, the side angles nearly right. The
prosternal carina is more compressed. In these two characters verticals
is intermediate. The color of the thoracic apex and base as well as of
the underside, is very variable, even in living specimens.

The size of these three species Crotch gives as follows : verficalis 1.25
to 1.30 inches ; _/asciventris 1.25 inches (should be 1.025); hydridus 1.8
inches (should be 1.08). ‘This may be of interest to local collectors who
have no access to Sharp’s monograph, M.-L. inven

ee
Catalogue of the described species of South American
SYRPHID-.

Additions and Corrections.
By S. W. WILLISTON.

Baron Osten-Sacken has kindly communicated to me the following
list of additions and corrections to my Catalogue of South American
Syrphidze, recently published in the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xili, 308.
They were obtained from comparison with a catalogue of extra-Kuropean
Diptera compiled by him, which it is very much to be desired that he

— 98 ——

will soon publish. Such a general catalogue of the Diptera of the world,
prepared by so conscientious an authority as Baron Osten-Sacken, could
not help but be of the greatest service to all students of the order, if for
no other reason than that of the literature. Five of the species given be-
low were ones omitted accidentally by me in the arrangement of the MSS.,
or by the printer; others were overlooked, or were in works to which 1
had no clews. I believe that the list, with these additions, is now es-
sentially complete. Mr. V. v. Roeder informs me that Xy/o/a cerulea
Rondani, is the same as Sverphus antennalis Phil., which must thus give
place to the earlier name.
ADDITIONS.

Microdon cyaneus Perty, Delectus, etc.—Brazil.

fulgens Wiedemann, Auss. zw. Ins., ii, 82; Williston, Synopsis, II ;

Macquart, Dipt. Exot., rer Suppl., 122.—N. and S. America.

Syrphus albitarsts, excavatus and albiventris Rondani, Dipt. Osculati.—S. America.

octoguttatus Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 90.—Chili.

similis Blanchard, in Gay’s Hist. fis. y pol. de Chile, vii, 410; Philippi,

Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch., xv, 745.—Chili.
Phalacromyia ardua \Wiedemann, Auss. zw. Ins., ii, 204 (Volucella); Rondani,
Esame, etc., 5 (id.); Mik, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 1883, 284.—S. America.

Temnocera metatlorum and fulvolucus Walker, Dipt. Saund., 252.—Brazil.
Eristalis decorus Perty, Delectus, etc.—Brazil.

inversus Wiedemann, Auss. zw. Ins., ii, 161.—Surinam.

Suscipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot., ler Suppl., 128, pl. x1, fig. 5.—Surinam.

pygmaeus Macquart, Dipt. Exot., ii, 2, 54.—Surinam,

Junescens Rondani, Dipt. Osculati, 4.—Rio Negro,
Helophilus chilensis (Walker?) Guérin, Iconogr., 545, pl. xcix, f. 2.—Cnhili.

Also the four following from the Galapagos Islands should be in-
cluded in the South American fauna.

Syrphus albomaculatus Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1877, 84.

agonis Walker, List, etc., iii, 588.

splendens Vhomson, Eugenies Resa, 501.
Baccha facialis Vhomson, Eugenies Resa, 504.

CORRECTIONS.
Microdon conopsoides should be stricken out ; it is AZéxogaster conopsoides wrongly
placed.
Microdon angustus Macq. Suppl. i, is not the same as JZ. angustus Macq., Suppl. iii.
Pipiza aurantipes Bigot is from Chili, not Brazil.
P. lugubris Jaenn. should read 96, not 4.
For Volucella polorans read plorans.
Syrphus elegans should have been printed in italics and indented ; it is a synonym
of distinguendus.

Dolichogyna nigripes Bigot, is 1883, not 1884.
Stilbosoma nigrinervis, not nigricornis.

———_>-

Observations on some CAPSID with descriptions
of a few new species.

Bye Re nwa:
(No. 233)

Div. CYLLECORARIA.
Pilophorus, Hahn.

This genus was separated by Hahn in his Icones ad Monog. Cim.
I, No. 23, to contain a European species the Capsus é¢/asczafus Fab.,
which 1s also a synonym of Cimex clavatus Linn. Since then two other
species have been recognized, and all three have been placed in another
genus (Camaronotus) by Fieber, in his Europdischen Hemiptera. — Still
later, Douglas and Scott in their British Hemiptera have gone so far as
to base a family upon this genus, to which they have given the name
Camaronotide. North America is not less well provided with represen-
tives of this genus than is Europe, and unless we are mistaken in the value
of the characters employed to separate them, the United States has more
species than the old world. Dr. O. M. Reuter has recently studied the
European forms of the Capside, and with a larger amount of material
than has been before any previous Hemipterist. Accordingly, with a wider
view than any of his predecessors, he has deemed it more accurate to
arrange this Puophorus, in company with Afimocoris, Myrmicomimus,
Cremnocephalus, Lthelastia, Systellonotus, Laemocorits, Eroticoris, etc.,
in a division Pdophoraria.

The genus Pilophorus has such a different facies from any of our
other known Capside@ that it would seem to be recognizable at once by
the shape and adjustment of the head alone. The Ant-like form of the
body, especially in the nymph, together with its habit of rapidly coursing
over the bark of trees renders it liable to be mistaken for one of the small
red or brown Formicidae. Our American species differ much in the width
of the body, the females being more robust than the males, but they are
all more or Jess spindle-shaped, contracted across the basal half of the
hemelytra. They have a broad head which curves back beyond the sides
of the swollen pronotum, sits close against it, is ofa conical form, scooped
out behind and below there is a high carina connecting the eyes, and the
face is very sloping anteriorly. ‘The males usuallv have a more parallel-
sided prothorax than the females.

1. P. confusus Kirschb, Rhynchot, Wiesbaden, p. 133, 9.

This species agrees almost exactly with the insect so named by
Kirschbaum, of which I have several examples received direct from Meyer-
Dir of Bergdorf, Switzerland, and which were determined by him to be
the true P. confusus.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 5 May, 1887.

In the Atlantic region this insect hves upon willow bushes, and is
sometimes rather common in September. It is next to the smallest spe-
cies of the genus thus far discovered in North America, and will no doubt
prove to be extensively distributed on this continent when it becomes
more sufficiently known.

2. P, amcenus, new sp.

Piceous, opaque, highly polished beneath; aspect of 7. 6¢fasciatus Fab., but
with a narrower pronotum which differs but very little in the two sexes ; with the
second joint of antennz more strongly and abruptly clavate on the apical one-third.
Head long and broad, including the eyes about as wide as the base of the pronotum,
face obsoletely shagreened, transversely wrinkled, vertex with an impressed longitud-
inal line running from the middle of occipital ridge, and each side of this a shorter
diagonal impression connected inwardly with a depressed point. Rostrum pale rufo-
piceous, darker at base, reaching to the middle coxze 9, but a little longer in the
male; antennze long, reddish yellow to beyond the middle of the second joint, that
joint longer than the head and pronotum united, the Jast two joints slender whitish,
the apical one a little dusky near the tip. Pronotum blackish-piceous, more or less
dull, sub-cylindrical, trapezoidal comparatively narrow, obsoletely scabrous and
wrinkled, but sinuated on the sides posteriorly, which is caused by the great prominence
of the postero-lateral angles ; middle line impressed, proceeding from an indentation
in front ; posterior-margin distinctly concave, and in front of this the surface convexly
elevated ; pleural flaps transversely wrinkled. Sternum and pleural pieces highly
polished, coxee piceous, anterior wide in the middle, posterior pair broadly white at
tip ; femora and tibize piceous, the former usually paler at base. Hemelytra cin-
namon fulyous, piceous across the apical third and including the cuneus, corium with
a slender silvery band extending half-way across the middle, a band of the same color
forming the basal boundary of the piceous part, and at the inner corner of the cuneus
a silvery dot; membrane dusky with a darker spot at base. Scutellum black, tumid,
polished, minutely scabrous, the tip much depressed. Venter piceous black, highly
polished, a little rufescent when recently excluded.

Length to tip of membrane 44—54 mm.; to tip of venter 33—44 mm. Width of
base of pronotum 11 mm.

This species closely resembles the P. é7/ascia/us Fab., Mantissa Ins.
II, 305, 264; of which P. cénnamoplerus Kirschb., is a synonym.

Our knowledge of the distribution of this species is as yet very inade-
quate. It sometimes abounds on Pine trees in late June and July in
Maryland. When fully matured some specimens have a faint bronze
tinge upon the surface of the pronotum, which is not apparent in others.
Possibly this peculiarity is due to the influence of the heat generated in
their bodies at the period of mateing.

3. P. Walshii, new sp.

This form has been held back for a long time in the hope that other
specimens may be secured to enable a wider comparison with the
European species.

It is in reality much smaller than the P. c/avafus Linn., to which it

—3I—

seems the most nearly allied. Its figure, however, appears broader, the
general color is a dark cinnamon fulvous, more or less piceous upon the
disk of the pronotum.

Head rufo-fulvous, the face obsoletely transversely wrinkled, having a few im-
pressed points scattered over the surface ; base of vertex witha slightly raised deltoid
spot; eyes projecting a little wider than the front of the pronotum, but decidedly
most prominent in the male; antennz slender, of medium length, rufo-fulvous ; with
the apical one-third of second joint fuscous, that joint graduated a little thicker to-
wards the tip, and about as long as the pronotum and eye united ; third and fourth
joints together shorter than the second, dusky, white at base, the third a little longer
than the fourth ; rostrum rufous, reaching to the middle coxze. Pronotum trapezoidal,
moderately convex, wide, the lateral margins diagonal, slightly sinuated, but a little
more sinuated in the male. Legs, pectus, and basal half of venter pale rufo-fulvous,
the apical half of the latter piceous ; coxze more or less white. Scutellum dusky,
moderately tumid, a little scabrous, fulvous at tip. Corium and clavus cinnamon
fulyous, sometimes darker, the former with a very slender silvery band beyond the
base, a second similar, dislocated one behind the middle and a silvery dot at the inner
angle of the cuneus ; the cuneus and a polished spot near the apex of corium pale
piceous ; the membrane dusky.

Length to tip of membrane 3—34 mm.; to end of abdomen 23? mm. Width of
base of pronotum I mm.

This form appears more flat above than is common to the species in
this division of the genus.

Several specimens were kindly sent to me by the late B. D. Walsh,
who collected them in the neighborhood of Rock Island, III.

Pamillia, new genus.

Form of Pophorus, but more close set and with a thicker abdomen.
Head deeper and more convex, face narrower and more nearly vertical ;
occiput with a carina between the eyes ; antennz exceptionally thick, of
nearly equal thickness throughout, the second joint as long as the eye and
pronotum united, third and fourth together about as long as the second,
and both contracted at base, the fourth shortest, conical at tip. Pronotum
trapeziform, about as wide as long, very convex, deeply sinuated each
side, which causes the posterior angles to prominently project laterally.
Hemelytra much widened behind the middle as far as the tip, the outer
margin of corium broadly curved, widely reflexed ; the cuneus wide and
short, acute at tip, feebly incised at base. Legs stout, the hind pair long,
and all the tarsi slender.

P. Behrensii, new sp.

Chestnut brown, moderately polished, more robust and wider posteriorly than
the average species of Pr/ophorus. The pronotum also proportionately wider, with
the lateral margins oblique, concave, and the disk more generally convex. Head
convex, shorter, and less compressed than in /%/ophorus, polished, very minutely
scabrous, transversely obsoletely wrinkled, depressed across the base, the middle line

feebly impressed ; eyes pale, more prominent laterally in the male than in the female:
antennee very stout, all the joints of nearly equal thickness, the second joint about as
long as the eye and pronotum united, the third and fourth short, both contracted at
base, the fourth shortest almost at tip ; rostrum pale rufo-piceous, reaching to tip of
the middle coxee. Scutellum paler brown, yellowish at tip, moderately convex,
transversely impressed before the base. Legs piceo-fulvous, a little embrowned at
the points of articulation, the posterior acetabular flap white. Pleural pieces fulvous,
polished. Hemelytra pale fuscous invested with erect hoary pubescence ; the clavus
fulvous, a little embrowned at base, corium with a triangular white spot at base, a
pale costal margin and a white oblique band across the broad apex: cuneus short,
triangular, fuscous, margined exteriorly and at tip with white ; membrane dusky,
darker at base, venter piceous, sericeous pubescent, fulvous in the basal angle.

Length to tip of membrane 4 mm.; to end of venter 34 mm. Width of base of
pronotum a little less than 1 mm.

Two specimens collected in the neighborhood of San Francisco, were
kindly given to me by Mr. James Behrens, to whom I desire to dedicate
this species as a slight recognition of the many services he has done in
several branches of Entomology.

The thick texture of the integuments, besides the exceptionally stout
antennze, and bent hemelytra, will abundantly separate this species from
all its allies thus far recognized.

Diommatus, new genus.

General outline oblong elliptical. Head viewed from above nearly
triangular, the face almost vertical, moderately tumid in front, longitudi-
nally indented and excavated above. Superior cheeks short, tapering
towards the tip, inferior cheeks wide, oblong, prominent, blunt at tip.
Occipital edge carinate. Eyes large, prominent almost spherical (3),
vertical sub-oval ©. ‘Tylus short, very prominent, cylindrico-convex ;
curved beneath. Antennz about as long as the wing-cover, slender, the
joints gradually decreasing in thickness from the basal to the third one;
the basal stout, abruptly contracted at base, but little longer than the
apical one, the latter being of the same thickness as the third, the second
long, cylindrical, equal to the third and fourth united. Rostrum slender,
the basal joint a little longer than the throat. Pronotum trapezoidal,
nearly flat, shorter than the width at base, the callosities prominent, and
breaking the continuity of the oblique, blunt lateral margin. Scutellum
moderately convex, bluntly acuminate at tip. Hemelytra long and nar-
row, thin, pubescent, the cuneus long, slender and acute at tip, with the
outer margin nearly straight, the inner margin concave, and the base very
slightly incised. The membrane also long, with the principal cell long
and rather narrow. Legs long, slender, the posterior femora stout, com-
pressed, curved ; posterior tarsal] joints moderately long, the basal and
middle joint subequal, the apical one longest. Abdomen narrow and not
distinctly contracted at base.

—33—

D. congrex, new sp.

Pale green, shining, feeble, pubescent. Head polished, with either a fuscous
circle, or piceous spot overlapping the tylus, between the eyes. Eyes dark brown.
Occipital collar ivory-yellow. Antenne very minutely pubescent, testaceous, more
or less infuscated, especially towards the base, the basal joint highly polished. Rost-
rum scarcely reaching to the middle coxee, piceous at tip. Pronotum usually with
two gradually widening black vittze each side, or with nearly the whole of the
posterior lobe and most of the anterior lobe infuscated ; the surface feebly convex,
transversely wrinkled, obsoletely punctate, minutely sericeous pubescent ; the anterior
angles rounded, the posterior ones nearly rectangular. Scutellum either wholly in-
fuscated, or with a black vitta each side, transversely wrinkled, minutely pubescent.
Legs pale green, the femora remotely bristly, having a few coarse punctures; the
tarsi and tips of femora piceous. Corium pale greenish or whitish, the clavus and a
broad vitta, continued on the inner side and along the cuneus, blackish ; membrane
blackish-fuliginous, pale next the cuneus and 9n the vein of the cell.

Length to the tip of venter, <j 34, 2 44 mm.; to tip of wing-covers 5—6 mm.
Width of pronotum 14 mm.

It is a common insect in Eastern Massachusetts ; and it has also
been taken in Maine, Canada and Illinois.
Mr. E P. Van Duzee has kindly sent to me specimens from Lan-

caster, N. Y., collected on the first of July.

Bolteria, new genus.

Closely related to Labops; form broad and nearly flat. Head broad
nearly vertical in front, vertex very short and transverse, depressed,
with a high carina between the back part of the eyes; front shield-
shaped, tumid, pushed up so as to be all between the eyes; the eyes
large, vertical, reniform, projecting sideways beyond and almost in
contact with the pronotum ; antennze seated beneath and a little before
the lower end of the eyes ; tylus almost flat, the jugum is large, triang-
ular and reaching a little more than half way down the tylus ; superior
cheeks long, elliptical, swollen, the inferior ones small, depressed, trian-
gular; rostrum abruptly reduced in size beyond the basal joint, that joint
very broad, compressed, reaching almost to the tip of the cuneus, the
basal joint long, stout, contracted at base, the second joint a little less
stout, cylindrical, longer than the clavus, third and fourth shorter, not
much thinner than the second, hardly setaceous. Pronotum transverse,
sloping forwards, almost flat, the sides oblique, decurved, abruptly con-
tracted beneath and with the carinate edge obliterated, anterior margin a
little shorter than the basal; callosities small, transverse, long elliptical,
widely separated. Scutellum almost flat, with a transverse linear im-
pression at base. Corium wide towards the tip, with the costal margin
very moderately curved ; cuneus wide at base, acute at tip, concave on
the inner margin, the incisure at base deep; membrane with the basal

areole very wide and long, the inner areole very distinct, about one-third
as wide at tip as the preceding. Middle joint of tarsi very short, the basal
and apical ones long, nearly equal.

B. amicta, new sp.

Ivory yellow, or pale fulvous ; form much like that of Geocoris bullatus Say.
Head smooth, an oblong spot in each angle at base ot vertex, a crescent each side
bounding the convexity of the face, transverse ridges of the front placed each side of
a depressed Jongitudinal line, three spots above the tylus, middle line of the latter,
and margins of all the segments of the cheeks rufous ; sockets of the antennze, basal
joint of the same, and basal joint of the rostrum dark piceous. Base of vertex with
an impression along the front of the carina, and this connects with the longitudinal
indentation each side, and next below which is an arcuated, impressed, scabrous line
bounding each side of the front; basal carina almost straight, the occipital area
piceous, triangularly excavated each side; antennz rather slender, excepting the
basal joint, dusky, paler at tip, the second joint of equal thickness throughout, much
thinner than the basal one, and about as long as the eye and pronotum taken to-
gether ; rostrum pale piceous beyond the basal joint, 1eaching over the tip of the
posterior coxse ©, but extending upon the base of the last ventral segment <j. Pro-
notum polished, a little narrower in front than at base, ivory-yellow, roughly un-
evenly punctate, piceous on the collum, posterior margin, and on the lateral margin
at base ; fore part of the disk fulvous each side. Margins of the pleural segments,
and more or less of the coxa, rufous. Scutellum ivory-yellow, piceous across the
base, polished, minutely wrinkled. Corium feebly polished, opaque, obsoletely
punctate, margined exteriorly and interiorly and with a gradually widening curved
streak running back toa wavy broad band at tip, piceous; clavus more coarsely
punctate, margined on both sides with piceous ; cuneus ivory-yellow, broadly piceous
at tip and slenderly so on the exterior margin; membrane dusky, paler at base, the
nervules of the areoles pale yellow, and the areoles dusky next the tip. Legs dull
testaceous, more or less piceous on the femora and tip ot tibia, tarsi dark piecous.
Venter highly polished, the sutures, incisures, ovipositor, and genitalia rufo-piceous
or rufous.

Length to tip of venter 4 mm.; to tip of membrane 44—5 mm.

Mr. Bolter collected several specimens in New Mexico and kindly
gave me a pair of both sexes.

Div. PLAGIOGNATHARIA.

Psallus delicatus, new sp.

Rosy pink or testaceous tinged with dull brown; moderately robust, polished.
Head almost vertical ; face convex, smooth along the middle, and each side of this
with a crescent composed of short fuscous transverse lines, the middle line of vertex
obsoletely impressed ; tylus short, prominent, tinged with pale piceous ; antenn
testaceous, dusky on the last two joints, sometimes the basal and second joints pale
piceous ; basal shorter than the head, the second a little longer than the pronotum ;
tips of the cheeks and base and tip of the rostrum generally piceous, the latter reach-
ing upon the posterior coxee ; eyes dark brown, nearly vertical, abruptly narrowed
beneath where bending upon the throat. Pronotum polished, convex, transverse, re-
motely very obscurely punctate; the lateral margins carinate-reflexed, oblique,
hardly sinuated ; the callosities generally fuscous in the surrounding depressed lines;

the propleural flap deeply depressed beneath the carinate margin, and broadly in-
dented above the coxz. Legs dull testaceous, the spines black, and the posterior
femora marked with lines of brown dots. Scutellum highly polished, moderately
convex, obsoletely minutely rugulose, entire, subacuminate at tip. Hemelytra wide,
minutely, remotely pubescent, darker upon the disk than upon the margins, the
clavus rather coarsely punctate, the corium obsoletely punctate, but a little coarsely
so at base ; the costal margin feebly curved, sharply reflexed, pale, becoming gradu-
ally wider behind, and at the outer angle jutting beyond the base of cuneus; the
cuneus pale across the base and upon the margins, the tips acute ; nervules of mem-
brane pale, the membrane sometimes clouded at base and tip. Venter dusky from
base to just before the last segment, excepting the connexivum, the edges of the seg-
ments testaceous. Sternum sometimes with a dark band across the middle.

Length to tip of venter 24—3 mm.; to tip hemelytra 3—34 mm. Width of base
of pronotum 11—14 mm.

The dark variety of this species has been captured in the highlands

of Georgia.

pee ES

Notes on certain North American species of the group
called by M. Guénée ‘Acronycta’.

ByeA;, G.. Burcer, Wess:

I propose, from time to time, whilst incorporating the Grote and
Zeller collections with the series in the British Museum to publish a few
critical notes on the various types or co-types in our possession : the fol-
lowing notes, which are not based upon on my individual judgment alone,
but are supported by the opinion of a co-worker, are I believe absolutely
correct.

When Messrs. Grote, Robinson and Riley examined our collections
they neither had time or opportunity to examine the whole of the speci-
mens in the British Museum, Grote and Zeller collections side by side
(i. e. placing the types together upon one piece of pith and critically com-
paring both surfaces) and therefore it was not to be expected that their
published notes should be final.

A. brumosa, Guén.

We possess the types labelled by M. Guénée from W. Doubleday’s
collection ; one of them—the type of the species—is labelled simply ‘Acr.
Brumosa, Gn.’; it agrees perfectly with the type of Apavela persuasa Har-
vey, in Grote’s collection ; the other specimen is labelled ‘variety Acron.
Brumosa, Gn. and agrees with the type of Acronycta affficta, Grote.

The A. érumosa of Grote’s collection is therefore not Guénée’s species
but is = A. verillii, Grote, = fusciata, Walk., = wmpressa, Walk., as
pointed out by Grote.

—-36—

A. hamamelis, Guén.

A specimen, labelled by M. Guénée, of this species evidently re-
presents a dark form of his A. clarescens (one of the types of which we
also possess, as noted by him). A. clarescens is the ‘A. hamamelis’ of
Grote’s collection and therefore quite distinct from A. clarescens of Grote,
which belongs to another group in which the dagger mark is well defined.

Acronycta noctivaga, Grote.

The A. /onga of Walker is a synonym of this species and quite
distinct from Guénée’s insect of which, unhappily, we do not possess the
type but which appears to be a form of A. drumosa = persuasa.

Acronycta subochrea, G. & Rk.

I cannot distinguish this from the type of A. imp/efa, Walk., which,
although broken, is in perfectly recognizable condition.

Acronycta hilus, Grote.

This appears to me to be a small form of A. modica, Walk.; it is
however paler on the under surface and on the upper surface shows more
rufous-brown in the discoidal spots of primaries. I am not usually re-
garded as a lumper of species, but I should certainly hesitate to consider
it distinct ; it may be.

Notes on Preceding Paper.
By Joun B. Smiru.

Acronycta hilus, Grt., does not seem to be described ; no description
is known to me at least. I wrote Mr. Butler on the subject asking whether
he knew of a description ; his reply is: ‘‘With regard to A. Az/us, Grote,
1 know of no description of the species, but as Grote had so labelled one
of his specimens | concluded that he did know of it, and that you, in
America, would be likely to know of it also.”

Modica, Walker, has been dropped from our Lists by Mr. Grote.
Mr. Butler says further on this subject in the letter above quoted: ‘‘l am
very doubtful about the identity of A. exulis [qy. exilis ?| with A. modica;
it is possible that they are distinct and, in any case, they represent at least
two well marked types of one species; at the same time Grote did not
possess A. modica and the pattern of the two forms is identical: A. exvulis
is smaller, has paler primaries with a littke more brown suffusion within
end of discal cell ; but the two specimens from Grote’s collection differ in
tint of primaries, the type being paler than the second example ; therefore
I say that I would not myself venture to separate it as a species.”

Mr. Butler’s letter leaves it in doubt what relation Aus and exulis
bear to each other ; both seem to be hardly distinct from modica.

NORTH AMERICAN PYRALIDE.

By Pror. C. H. FERNALD.

(Mass. AGR. COLLEGE, AMHERST, Mass.)

Crambus bolterellus, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, 22 mm. ‘

Palpi, head and thorax, pale ochre yellow, the palpi being touched with fuscous
on the outer side. The patagize are overlaid with lead colored scales.

Fore wings white, broadly edged with fuscous along the costa. Behind this edging
there is a stripe extending from the basal fourth of the cell to the apex, of a dull leaden
color and the remaining intervenular spaces are also of the color. An oblique reddish
brown line crosses the wing a little beyond the end of the cell, with a slight inward
angle near vein 2, and a pronounced outward angle beyond the end of the cell. A
second line crosses the wing rather more than half way from the last to the outer
margin, of similar size and color and similarly angulated below the costa but following
the outline of the outer margin, below the angle. A row of six or seven black points
rest on the intervenular spaces at the end of the wing. Fringes pale silvery metallic.
Hind wings sordid white with a fine, pale fuscous terminal line which does not reach
to the anal angle. Fringes white. Abdomen pale fuscous, darker beneath. Legs and
underside of fore wings, pale fuscous. Underside of hind wings somewhat lighter.

Received from Texas by Mr. A. Bolter, for whom I take great
pleasure in naming this species.

Crambus multilinellus, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, 26 mm,

Palpi, head and thorax, dull ochre yellow.

Fore wings, bright ochre yellow. A costal white stripe extends nearly to the
apex leaving the extreme edge of the costa fuscous, and a median white stripe extends
from the base of the wing along the lower part of the cell out as far as the subterminal
line, the outer part of which is separated by an oblique line. The band of yellow
between the two white stripes is edged on each side with a fine line of black and
metallic lead colored scales, and there are similar lines along the invenular spaces.
All these lines terminate just before reaching the subterminal line. Three or four
oblique yellow lines, edged on their outer side with white, cross the outer part of the
costal white stripe, the third of which is overlaid with metallic lead colored scales and
runs down near the outer margin of the wing where it bends and runs to the hinder
margin nearly parallel with the outer margin. This is the subterminal line. There is
a terminal row of five black points and the fringes are pale metallic lead colored.

Hind wings and fringes, white. Abdomen above and beneath, underside of the
body and the legs are dull ochre yellow. Throat and underside of the palpi, white.

Habitat.—Florida.

Crambus behrensellus, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, 23 mm,

Palpi, head, thorax and fore wings, dull ochre yellow and sprinkled with darker,
brownish yellow scales. These scales are arranged on the fore wings so as to form
two ill defined close bands ; the first starting from the middle of the costa extends out
to the end of the cell where it forms an acute angle and then extends across the wing
to the middle of the hinder margin. The second band starts from the outer fourth of the

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 6 May, 1887.

*

costa and runs in a similar direction to the other but does not form so acute an angle.
- There is a terminal row of seven black points, and the fringes are dull golden metallic-

The hind wings, abdomen above and beneath, underside of the body, legs and
underside of all the wings are fuscous.

The venation of this species is quite remarkable and when I take up
the structural study of these insects I may find it necessary to place this
species in a new genus. .

Habitat. —California.

I have named this insect for Mr. James Behrens, who collected and
sent it to me with many other exceedingly interesting things, for which |
feel a keen sense of my obligations to that gentleman.

I am also under obligations to Lord Walsingham for comparing
these species with the Crambide in the British Museum.

Scirpophaga fasciella, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, from 14 to 18 mm.

Palpi and face, reddish brown. Head, thorax and -fore wings, snow white and
somewhat silky, the latter crossed by two orange yellow bands nearly parallel with
the outer margin, the first near the middle of the wing and not reaching to the costa,
the second towards the outer margin and extending entirely across the wing. At the
end of the cell between the two bands and equally distant from each is a prominent
spot of the same color, and in some specimens there is a more or less complete orange
yellow terminal line. Fringes snow white and silky.

Hind wings white, with the bands of the fore wings continued in part across the
hind wings and showing more or less distinctly across the outer part of veins 2, 3 and
4, and also near the origin of vein 2 and at ‘the anal angle. These marks are often
more or less obliterated. Fringes white. Abdomen above and beneath, underside of
the body and wings, middle and hind legs, white ; fore legs fuscous and the basal
part of the costal edge of the fore wings is fuscous in some examples.

Habitat. —Florida.

Scirpophaga flavicostella, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, from 12 to 16 mm.

Palpi and face, reddish brown. Head, thorax, abdomen and wings, above and
beneath, snow white. The fore wings are crossed by two pale ochre yellow bands
nearly parallel with the outer margin. The first band crosses the wing a little before
the middle and has an outward angle on the median vein and an inward angle on the
fold. The basal part of the costa from the thorax out to this band is also yellow.
The outer band which crosses the wing on its outer fourth, is connected by a cross
band to the outer margin a little above the middle and has an inward angle on vein 4,
which nearly connects with a quadrate spot of the same color which rests on the end
of the cell. These cross bands are continued across to hind wings but more or less
broken, especially the inner one, and the outer one is connected with the outer margin
as on the fore wings. All the wings have the terminal line yellow, and all these yellow
bands and spots are edged with scattered scales of a dark brown color. The basal part
of the third segment of the abdomen has a yellowish spot on the upper side. The fore
legs are marked with reddish brown while the other legs are white.

Habitat. —Florida.

A Voice from the Wilderness!
Key West, Fla., April 15, 188%.
*<Dear Mr. Smith:

I yesterday made my first excursion on this Island, and find that
collecting is very troublesome here. The whole Island is covered
with a dense brush, composed of numerous species, mostly entirely
unknown to me, but all being of the hardest and heaviest wood,
so that my knife and chisel are entirely powerless to cut out the numerous
insects which live in the branches. This brush is liberally interspersed
with immense Cacfzs plants so as to be impenetrable in most places. In
spite of these unfavorable conditions I see that a great many interesting
things can be found, and mos of the small species I have found are en-
tirely new to me. Of the large beetles found by Ashmead and Morrison,
I have seen nothing so far except Neocdyius devastator, Elaphidion sp.,
and the holes made by one of those gigantic Priomds. Chrysobothris
chalcophoroides, collected by Morrison, seems to be plentiful, but it is so
wild that I have not yet secured a single specimen. * * * * T have not seen
a single Noctuid yet, but this section of the country with its numerous
evergreen shrubs (not Conifers), appears to be an Eldorado for leaf-
mining Tineids. ‘The weather is very pleasant, the heat by no means
unbearable, though I of course got frightfully sun-burnt on my first ex-
cursion. ‘There is fortunately not a drop of fresh water on this Island,
but lager-beer is 20 Cents per glass.”

Poor Mr. Schwarz! for it is Mr. E. A. Schwarz that writes me as
above. ‘The want of water seems bearable for it is unhealthy, but other
beverages to be so scare—that is a misfortune !

Mr. Schwarz writes further that he has discovered a beautiful new
Thysanoeés in Fig, (Z. ficus Schw. MSS.), and a new Pityophthorus (man-
ganite Schw. MSS.), in the bark of ‘‘Manzanita,” and no doubt other
novelties will be discovered by this careful and industrious collector.

Mr. Palm and Mr. Beutenmiller of our Society are also on a col-
lecting trip in Florida, and no doubt will turn up some fine species.

J. B. Sire,
———“_ _“—} +} ____———-

Book Notice.
The Hawk Moths of North America, by A. Radcliffe Grote, A. M., 8vo.,
pp- 63, Bremen, 1886. Price $1.00.

By the kindness of the Author, we are in possession of the above
work, which, in view of its Author and subject, ought to have more
than a passing interest to American Lepidopterists.

The present work is very neatly printed upon good paper and con-
sists in summary of three parts: 1st, On Collecting and Preserving for

—40—

the Cabinet ; 2nd, The Species of N. A. Hawk Moths, and 3rd, A con-
cluding Essay, entitled L’Envoi. The first part gives directions as its
title makes known. ‘The classification follows largely that adopted by
Prof. Fernald in his ‘‘Sphingidee of New England.” Two new genera
are described, Dezlonche, for Cherocampa tersa Linn., and Afreus, for
Sphinx plebeius Fabr. ‘The second part concludes with a discussion of
descent, distribution, and a list of genera of food plants. The third part
consists in part of remarks upon the author's past work and ideas upon
the Lepidoptera, and for the rest of an excursus into the neighboring realm
of poetry. The poetical, which indeed colors the whole work, and inter-
pentrates the hard scientific descriptions, gives a delightsomeness to the
book rarely found in such works. One unfortunate addition Mr. Grote
has made which is evidenced even in the title of the work—viz.: the in-
troduction of so-called ‘‘common names.” For once the poet has gotten
the better of the scientist, and the poet has made a mistake. For ‘‘Hawk
Moths” and its like are rhyme only ; ‘‘Sphinx” is the poem and is science
as well. —Mr. Grote in his exile does not seem to have kept up thoroughly
with American Literature as he makes no reference in his Bibliography to
Mr. J. B. Smith’s masterly Synopsis of the Genera of the Sphingidee of
North America, for which Prof. Fernald expresses such high regard.
og

The next meeting of the Am. Ass'n for the Adv. of Sci., will

be held in the City of New York, on Wednesday, August 10, 1887.

A special effort will be made to have full and interesting meetings of
the Entomological Club on this occasion.

or
Society News.

The Brooklyn Entomological Society met in its Rooms, April 5th, 14
members present.

The report of the retiring Editor, Mr. J. B. Smith was read, showing that Ento-
mologica Americana is not yet able to pay its own way, as from it a large deficit
falls upon the Society. The report further gave a resumé of Mr. Smith’s connection
with the Society, and the great benefit which had come to him through it,

Notice was given of the fact that the A. A. A. S. was to hold its next meeting in
New York, beginning Aug. 10, 1887. On vote, the President was authorized to ap-
point a Committee of five members to make arrangements for the suitable reception
and entertainment of visiting Entomologists.

A pleasant feature of the evening was the reception of a large photograph giving
in a group six of the prominent Entomologists of the Pacific Coast. A vote of thanks
was rendered to the donors. It was a pleasant thing to the Society to see that among
these were two of its own members in former times, one of them one of the original
members of the Society.

The rest of the evening was spent in a discussion upon the genus Acronycta, with
a bearing upon its classification, and also upon the species of the genus, specimens of
which had been brought for comparison and identification by the members.

VOL, II

Some New Bombycide.
By Epw. L. GRraer.

Alypia gracilenta n. sp.

Allied to A. octomaculata ; its wings are however narrower, longer, and con-
siderably more pointed toward the apex. Head black; eyes brown, margined
with sulphur yellow ; palpi and antennee black. Thorax black; tegule sulphur
yellow ; abdomen black, slightly sprinkled with yellow on middle segment. Legs
black, tibize entirely, femora only outwardly, orange. Anterior wings black with
steel blue scales, especially marked near the base. Yellow patches much as in 4.
octomaculata excepting the one on the primaries near the base is more kidney shaped,
while in A. octomaculata it is semispherical with the base toward the interior margin.
The costal nervure is very much enlarged towards the middle of the anterior wings,
and is here margined with sulphur yellow. Secondaries black, with the pale yellowish
patches placed as in A. octomaculata except that the ene near the base is much smaller
and does not reach the inner margin. Below, all the markings reproduced.

Expands 132 inches.

Described from 3 9 Q from Texas. Collection of E. L. Graef.

This species can be readily separated from A. octomaculata by its
narrower, and more pointed wings, and the greater length of the abdomen ;
A. octomaculata S$ has a dorsal stripe of sulphur yellow, extending along
its entire abdomen, widening towards the anal extremity, while in 4.
gracilenta the abdomen is entirely black with a few, hardly noticeable
yellow scales on middle segment ; also by the yellow patch in the middle
of costal nervure.

Harrisina nigrina n. sp.

This species in shape and size closely resembles 77. amerwana, but
can be at once recognized by the absence of the orange prothorax. ‘The
entire insect dull black, the abdomen with a bluish lustre.

Expands # inch.

t© from Texas. Collection of E. LL. Graet.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL III. a JUNE, 1887.

—42—

Crocota diminutiva n. sp.

This is the smallest of all known Croco/e ; in color it is of a brilliant,
uniform, orange above, and below, the primaries somewhat paler, and
devoid of all markings whatsoever. Eyes brown.

Expands 8 inch.

Ig’ andi Q from Texas. Collection of E. L. Graef.

Crocota opelloides n. sp.

Shape and size of C. ofed/a. Primaries immaculate dull grayish orange, except
the costa, which is of a bright orange. Some slight indications of orange in the dis-
coidal cell. Eyes brown ; collar orange; thorax and tegule gray orange as pri-
maries. Secondaries bright orange; immaculate. Below, all the wings pale orange.

Expands 14 inches,

1 g§\ andi Q from Texas. Collection of E. L. Graef.

Crocota intermedia n. sp.

This species stands intermediate between C. ostenta and C. wreatii, but more
closely allied to the latter, Head, thorax and primaries immaculate, lizht olive
brown. Collar orange. Secondaries orange, with a broad black border extending
two-thirds the expanse of the wing. Abdomen black. Below, all the wings orange,
with a broad black border on the margins,

Expands 1 inch.

1 ¢' from Texas. Collection of E. L. Graef.

It would almost seem out of place to add to the many already described
species of Croco/a, but the threes pecies here enumerated are so well defined
and unique, that I do not doubt they are good species. C. ostenta, treatit,
and im/ermedia, although my specimens are easily recognizable, still may
prove to be identical. If this should be the case, it would only be another
proof of the worthlessness of specific separation based on the maculations
of the secondaries in the Avcéde to which I have already referred in an
article on Archa figurata (Bull. B’klyn Ent. Soc., vol. I, p. 4).

Euchetes immaculata n. sp.

All the wings pure immaculate white above and below. Head, antenne and
thorax white ; eyes brown, slightly fringed with crimson. Abdomen light crimson
with a white line along the dorsum. Below, white; legs white.

Expands 1,9, inch.

1 Q from Florida. Collection of E. L. Graef.

This species can be easily separated from its nearest congener, Z.
elegans, by its white antennee and white line on abdomen. It is larger
and its anteriors more pointed.

Euchetes murina Stretch, in MS?*

All the wings light slate color, the veins on primaries lighter near the discal

* This species was originally described by Mr. R. H. Stretch in MS., but as I
never saw his description and his new work on the Arcti/de is so long delayed, I be-
lieve Iam securing him priority by describing the species here, and crediting him
with its discovery.

region. Head and thorax light slate color; collar light crimson ; eyes and antennx
black ; abdomen light crimson ; below, slate color. All the wings below uniform
slate color.

Expands 13 inch.

2 d'\f\ and1 Q from Texas. Collection of E. L. Graef.

This species is nearest to 2. eg/enensis, but is a much slighter insect.
In color it is darker, and it lacks the black abdominal spots, as also the
white anal tuft so conspicuous in £. eglenensis.

Euchetes scepsiformis n. sp.

All the wings uniform dark blackish gray, the secondaries transparent from the
base to middle of the wing. Head, antenne and thorax dark gray ; eyes black :
collar slightly scaled with crimson ; from this along the shoulder to beneath the base
of primaries a band of white. Legs dark gray, coxe of first pair crimson. Abdomen
bright crimson with black dorsal and subdorsal spots ; beneath dark gray.

Expands 1} inch.

5 dC from Texas. Collection of E. L. Graef.

This is a well marked species, and easily distinguished from any of
its congeners. It is a robust insect, and the semi-transparent secondaries
remind one of the genus Scepsvs.

Spilosoma nigroflava n. sp.

Primaries, cream white with markings of black placed as follows: four. lateral
black dashes, the first and largest near the inner angle along and almost touching the
interior margin ; the other three above this, equi-distant from each other and gradually
nearing the exterior margin. Two small black dashes in apical region, below which
are two dots of same color. In middle area a heavy black dash extending along the
costa below which outwardly are two dots of black, then, below, a heavy dash of black,
somewhat of the shape of an irregular arrow-head, the point directed toward the
base of wing. Below this two spots, the lower the larger, succeeded below again by
a heavy dash of black resting on the interior margin. A small dash of black in the
basal region and a few slight spots of same color at the base. Thorax, same color as
primaries ; tegulze bordered inwardly with black, outwardly with pale yellow. Head
white ; eyes shining slate color; antennz white above, and black beneath, Legs
white, edged with black outwardly at the joints ; tarsi black. Abdomen white, with
five large black dorsal spots, with a like number of smaller ones at the sides ; between
these rows of spots the abdomen is light yellow ; below, white. Secondaries im-
maculate, snow white. Beneath, the whole insect is white, the markings on primaries
reproduced.

Expands 13 inch.

1 Q from Texas. Collection of E. L. Graef.

This species has somewhat the appearance of Serarctia clio, but while
the latter species has the black markings in continuous lateral stripes,
these are in S. mzgroflava disconnected. It is a beautiful insect, and quite
distinct.

SYNOPSES OF CERAMBYCID&.
By CuHas. W. Lene, B. S.

(Continued from p. 24, vol. IIT.)

These two species have been much confused. Both vary in color
from entirely black to nearly entirely rufous, the tip of the elytra remaining
black in all I have seen. There is usually in f7z7 an oblique line of silvery
pubescence but it is (rarely) scarcely visible and though usually absent in
picipes it is sometimes indicated. The thorax of fzcipes scarcely shows a
sign of the lateral depressions forward which are conspicuous in frni,
making the subangulate form more pronounced and finally the difference
in the eyes is conclusive. Dr, Leconte mentions that the subbasal elevation
of the elytra is more prominent in fzmz but poorly developed specimens
occur in both species in which the difference is not appreciable.

Lu. spinicornis Chev., (elegans Lap), has occured in Mexico near
the boundary and is easily known by the long spine of the 3d joint of
antennee.

Eu. Reichei Lec. 5S. M. C., No. 264, 1873, p. 202.
Length 4 to 5 mm. = .16 to .20 ins. Hab. Texas, Illinois.

Easily distinguished by the direction of the ivory band. The pro-

thorax also is punctured not longitudinally striate as in the other species.

Eu. parallelus Lec. 1. c.
Length 5 mm, = .20 ins. Hab. Lower California.

The anterior ivory band extends from the suture to the outer third,

the hinder one is entire. This species I have not seen.

ES *
**

_ Since writing the note on V. approximatus (Ent. Am., vol. III, p. 7)
I have seen several specimens of that species in Mr. Henry Ulke’s collec-
tion

all identical with Dr. Horn’s specimens. Cas. W. Lene.

Mr. Leng (Ent. Am., vol. III, p. 6) says of Neoclylus scutellaris :
‘the [middle] band of thorax is always distinct.” I have seen specimens
in’ which it must have been totally lost by abrasion if it ever existed. The
form of the scutellum is characteristic and readily separates it from 1.
/uscus, from which in this case it would otherwise be undistinguishable.
In the latter it is transverse oval; in the former elongate triangular with
the apex rounded—characters I: have not seen mentioned in the literature
of the species. NV scu/ellaris is comparatively rare in the North, and a
form of VM. Zuscus with a red interrupted fascia occupying the same posi-
tion is put for it in exchange. This fascia, however, is one of integumental
coloration, and not a line of pubescence, as in M. scu/ellaris.*

Joun Hamrtroy.

* Dr. Hamilton is quite right, though the character is not very apparent without
careful comparison of both species. Ass’t Ep.

New Genus and Species of POLYDESMID.
By Cuartes H. Boiiman.

In examining the material of this family in the Museum of the
Indiana University and my own collection, I have found the following
new species. The types are deposited in the Museum of the Indiana
University.

Genus I. POLYDESMUS, Latreille.

1. Polydesmus nitidus, sp. nov.

Dark shining brown, beneath lighter, lateral plates reddish-brown ; antennz
dark, Moderately slender and depressed, acuminate anteriorly and posteriorly, but
not so much as in canadensis. Antenne exceeding the length of body, subclavate.
First dorsal plate wide, angles a little produced, sides one-toothed ; posterior border
with a row of fine, ciliated spines ; anterior row of scale barely distinguishable, middle
row of four, large scales, posterior of three, small ones in the middle and two larger
ones at both ends, anterior side scale small, other one (repugnatorial pore scale) large,
elongate. Other dorsal plates with the scales distinct, anterior angles rounded,
posterior produced, lateral margins 3—4 toothed, posterior border of anterior segments
ciliated ; anterior border divided by the median dorsal line into two large scales,
middle row consists of four scales, posterior of six, outer larger, anterior side scale
large and swollen, repugnatorial pore scale large and elongate; scales of last

segments more elongate, marked with fine, irregular lines, the last row projecting
behind.

Feet long, strongly crassate in the male and the femur swollen above, in the fe-
male somewhat crassate. Ss copulation foot large, slender and curved ; apex beneath
with several bunches of flat, spiny hairs, below this are four tubercles, the two lowest
ones on the inner side largest, elongate, the last one pointing towards the cox, pili-
gerous pulvillus large, above which is a moderately long, topering branch and below
a tubercle.

Length of body 15—18 mm.; width 2.8—3.5 mm.

Hab. Pensacola, Florida.

I have examined 15 specimens of this species, collected by myself in
the vicinity of swamps. This species is related to canadensis, but is
easily distinguished by the long, slender tubercles of the male genitalia.

Genus Il. CHAZTASPIS, gen. nov.

Body slender, not much depressed, more convex than in Po/ydesmus, but not so
much a$ in Scytonotus.

Antenne with the third and sixth joints equal, the latter strongly swollen, second
and fifth subequal, fourth equal to seventh and eighth. Segments 20; lateral plates
distinct, but not as in Podydesmus, slightly angled, serrate ; dorsal plates smooth, ex-
cepting a row of indistinct, setigerous tubercles along the anterior and posterior
margins, no median, dorsal line ; last acuminate. Repugnatorial pore rather large,
placed on a moderately large and round tubercle, near the outer border of the 5, 7, 9,
10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 dorsal plates. Pairs of feet, a 30), Oe

—-o—

This genus is related to Polydesmus and Scyfonotus, but can be easily
separated by the character of the dorsal plates.

2. Chetaspis albus, sp. nov.

White throughout. Slender, small, slightly acuminate before. Antennze exceed-
ing the width of body, subclavate. First dorsal plate large, semicircular, angles not
produced, provided with five rows of hairs. Other dorsal plate with the posterior
angles a little produced, lateral margins with 3—4 setigerous teeth ; rows of hairs 2
to 3. Feet rather long, -{ crassate, 9 slightly crassate. j' copulation foot erect,
not as in /odydesmus ; composed of two pieces, the outer curving outwards and then
inwards, so that the ends almost touch over the median line of body, rather robust,
somewhat flattened, the end apparently divided into three pieces—a small lobe, fol-
lowed by a long and slender one with the end turned sharply downwards and this by
a large, flat bifid piece ; inner piece narrow and thin, sickle shaped, the end cury-
ing up between the branched lobe of the outer piece ; coxee with a few long hairs.

Seventh dorsal plate enlarged.
Length of body 6—7.5 mm.; width .3—.5 mm.

Hab. Bloomington, Indiana.

I have examined 4 Q 9 and 3 <j‘. It seems to be more underground
im its habits than the other species of this family known to me, I have al-
ways found it under logs buried rather deep in the ground. I thought
at first this may be the voung of some other Polydesmide, but having
found several males and taken a pair in the act of copulation, I have de-
cided that it must belong to a new genus.

Genus III. SCYTONOTUS, Koch.

3. Scytonotus cavernarus, sp. nov.

Allied to xodulosus Koch. Pure white throughout. Slender, somewhat depressed,
acuminate anteriorly. Antennze exceeding the width of body, clavate. First dorsal
plate elliptical, angles sharp ; scales arranged in five, transverse series, anterior row
sharp, setigerous, all covered with fine granulations. Other dorsal plates with all the
lateral sides sharply and deeply four or five toothed, scales arranged in four rows, the
posterior row more or less setigerous, on the posterior segments the anterior row is not
very distinct. Repugnatorial pore scale large and swollen. Legs moderately long
* and slender.

Length of body rr mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Hab. Mayfield’s Cave, Bloomington, Indiana.

This species is described from one female found crawling on the floor
of the above cave, in October, 1886. As already stated, this species is
more nearly related to odulosus, but as granula/us is the only species
found so far in the vicinity of Bloomington, I suppose it is descended
from granulatus.

Food Plants of Geometridze with other Notes.
By Davin Bruce, Brockport, N. Y.

In the following lst of food plants there is this distinction to be
made: Ist, there are given the natural food plants of the larvz, that is,
the plants I have found the larvee feeding upon in a wild state, and 2nd,
there are given the plants I have fed to the larve raised from eggs laid by
captured females, which may or may not be the food plant in nature;
these latter are marked ‘‘bred” in the list following. I may add that I
usually find the larvae of the Geometride are best dislodged from young
trees by a sudden smart blow with a heavy club. Sweeping with a net in
the evening is the way I have found best results with those species that
feed on low plants. I have followed Grote’s Check List in names and
numbers.

1. C. clemataria. Double brooded ; fed in large numbers upon the
E]m, and raised in fine variety. Bred, (Pyrrhopappus, Clematis).

2. C. transversafa. Raised from larvee beaten from most forest trees,
though not from Oaks, which do not grow in my vicinity. (Clethra,
Myrica, Geranium. )

13. Z. crocallafa. One larva on Spice Bush. Bred. (Sumach,
Chestnut).

18.° AZ. matomaria. Found moth emerging from a pupa in a crevice
in bark of Cottonwood near Denver, Col. Very common in that locality
on trunks of Cottonwoods, and at light.

23. C. confusaria, Larva swept from Wild Clover by roadside.

27. £. almaria, Bred from the egg, and found many larvee on Elm.
The eggs are laid in a band, and look like a small tape worm. The pupa
is in a thin web in a leaf. A large Elm in my door yard was full of the
larvee every year. (Universal feeder. )

28. EL. subsignaria. Elm and Maple. (Feeds on all trees. )

29. S. kenfarva. This moth flies at the end of April and beginning
of May. The eggs are green, turning to reddish brown, hatching in 14
days. ‘The larve fed on Maple, and the moth emerged in July. It is
thus double brooded. Bred. I have beaten the larvae from Beech and
found one full fed on Basswood. (Birch. )

31. A. hudbnerata, Raised from the egg on Maple. Bred.

40. E. dilinearta. I found a larva on Choke Cherry near Denver,
Col., which produced this moth. I have not been successful with this
genus (Zndropia). I have tried to rear many of the species from the
eggs, but the larvae would not feed.

52. ZL. fervidaria, Larvee found on most forest trees, Beech, Birch,
Cherry, Elm, ete.

sR:

53. 7. endropiaria, Beaten from Hornbeam. (Oak.)

55. J/. margaritafa. Hornbeam and Birch. One of the first larvee
to be found in the Spring. (Oak, Willow, etc. )

56. A. pulveraria. Beech and Maple. (Willow, Hazel).

63. A. crocatarva. Wild and cultivated Currant, and the yellow
flowering Ribes in gardens. (Strawberry. )

64. WV. filimentaria. Wild Currant and Gooseberry, also Maple and
other trees. (Strawberry. )

70. P. fervidaria. Maple. I picked a larva from Ash also. It did
not feed after, but buried in the moss, and pupated. Imago appeared
in 3 weeks.

71. P. phlogosaria. Beaten from Wild Cherry.

73. Hf. amitaria. Beaten from Beech, Hornbeam, Birch, Alder.
Have also frequently beaten the pupz from the trees into my net.
(Hypericum. )

99. £. chloroleucaria. Larve common on Strawberry and Black
Raspberry in my garden.

101. DY. aborhvaria. Have tried many times to rear this from the
eggs without success. The larva fed a little on Wild Cherry, but did not
thrive. (Grape is the food plant given by Saunders and French.)

103 or 104? I have raised an L~hyra from the Wax Myrtle growing
in a bog near my home. I think it is £. pendulinaria (The food plants
of £. pendulinaria are given by others as Birch and Sweet Fern. )

105. A. ossularia. Raised several times from a larva obtained from
sweeping a bank at night. Ate Strawberry leaves in confinement. (Galium. )

113. A. msularia. Fed larva from egg on Galium. Bred. (Celastrus. )

127. A. ennucleafa. Raised larva from egg on Galium. Bred.
(Rhexia.)

155. C. amorata. Raised from a short pinkish larva found on trunk
of Hemlock.

156. S. pustfularia, Larva common on Maple. ‘Two brooded.

164. C. vestahata. Larva beaten from Hornbeam.

171. S. designa/a._ Larva beaten from Birch.

204. M. sirigularta, Raised from larvee swept from Boneset (?) in
July. When I visited the place in August the moths were flying or sitting
on the leaves, with the wings closed like Butterflies, by thousands.

213. Z. wauaria, Larva on Wild Currant and Gooseberry.

214. LZ. subcessaria, Larva on Wild Currant and Gooseberry.

222. L. defluafa. Raised from long larva swept from coarse grass,
etc., on edge of woods.

225. £. ribearia. Larva on the yellow Ribes in the garden. (Wild
Currant, Gooseberry.)

235. F nolataria. Raised from larva found on trunk of Hemlock.
Also beaten from Tamarack.

239. Hf. grataria. Larva on Chickweed, also bred from eggs on
Polygonum aviculare.

240. C. catenaria. Larva on Blackberry. (Oak, Myrica, Carex.)

257. £. spinataria. Raised from an undetermined plant near Denver,
Col. Larva rather short and stout, clay color with darker markings.
Imago emerged in two weeks. I then visited the spot and found the moth
pretty common.

262. C. pulchraria. Raised from larve beaten from Tamarack very
early in Spring. (Pine. )

274. C. umbrosaria. Beaten from Horse-Chestnut and Elm.

278. C. pampinaria. Larva beaten and bred from Ash, Elm, and
Maple.

282. C. crepuscularia. Larve live on most forest trees. (Elm,
Maple, etc.)

285. Z. canadaria. Larva beaten from Tamarack and Myrica,
(Hemlock, Spruce. )

291. P. subatomaria, Larva beaten from Spruce Fir. (Pine, Poplar. )

293. P. deplanaria. Larva beaten from Beech, Alder, and Basswood.
(Spruce. )

294. Liston ursarius. Larva found on Elm,

296. £. cognataria, Larva beaten from Elm, Ash, and Basswood.
Bred from the egg on cultivated Plum. (Spirzea, Birch, Chestnut, Maple,
Willow, Honey Locust, Melilotus. )

300. H. ftharia. Common on all trees in spring.

301. P. strigataria. Larva beaten from Birch, Maple and Elm.
The larva hides in holes in the bark by day. (Rose. )

304, 305, 306. A. vernata, A. autumnata, and C. boreata.. Larva
found on Apple, Elm, and Maple. (Cherry, Ash. )

316. B. albovittata. Raised from a long, thin larva, found on the
flowers of Hypericum.

321. LZ. vernatfa. Larva found on Amelanchier canadensis.

325. LZ. mdubitafa. Raised from stout rough larva on Barberry in
garden. (Plum, Crataegus, Rhamnus. )

329. H. undulata. Raised from larva that webs the ends of the
twigs of the Wild Cherry, and lives gregariously in the web. (Willow.)

330. P. lahrupta. Larva raised from the egg, fed on Polygonum
aviculare. Bred.

332. A. vasillata. Larva beaten from Wild Rose in June. The
moth is common on bloom of Sallow in early spring.

334. R. ruficilafa. Larva beaten from Birch.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL III. 8 JUNE, 1887.

338. KR. intermediata(?), Bred from the egg on Elm, which is }
think the natural food plant, as I find the moth on the trunks of Elms.
This is the first of its genus to appear in spring, appearing at Sallow with
the Tzeniocampe, etc.

339. 4. lacustra/a, Larva found on wild and cultivated Raspberry.
The larva however will eat anything.

346. O. Serrugata. Raised from larva found on Smartweed. Bred
from the egg on Polygonum aviculare. Very pretty and variable as bred.
(Nepeta glechoma. )

347. O. designata, Larva found on Peppergrass, also on Radish in
the garden. (Cabbage, Water Cress. )

356. P. dwersilineafa, Larva common on Grape and Ampelopsis ;
it is long and slender and in color varies from yellow to brown.

358. P. testafa. Raised from larva found on cultivated Bean, but
it would not eat after capture. (Birch, Willow.)

366. P. truncata. Raised from larva beaten from Alder. I found
larve, which seemed to be exactly the same, on Willow, but did not
raise them.

367. HL. frifasciata. Raised from a short thick larva found in a web
in a Willow leaf at Denver, Col. (Alder. )

371. L. perlineata. Beaten from Beech and Birch.

373. P jluviata. Raised from a larva found on Elm, (Polygonum. )

376. P. multiferata Raised from the egg on Polygonum aviculare.
Bred.

390. £. miserulafa. Beaten from Tamarack. I have found this
larva, or something very like it, on Amelanchier canadensis, and the moth
is common about its flowers in spring. (Juniper, Fruit of the Currant. )

393. £. absynthiafa. Found in plenty by sweeping or searching
the flowers of Golden Rod, etc., by night. (Flowers of Senecio,
Artemisia, etc. )

Note by the Editor.

The above list of food plants was sent to me, in answer to a request
made for private purposes. I have thought it too important a paper to be
kept from the public, and so, with as little change as possible, have pub-
lished it. ‘To each species I have added in parentheses other food plants
upon which the larva are known to feed. Thus all the food plants known
to me of the species given above, are placed together before the reader.
There are of course many species not given in this list, of which the food
plants are known. — Before giving these, I solicit from Entomologists any
information they may have of the food plants of the Geomefride, that at
some time in the future I may give not only additions to the above, but
as complete a list as possible.

Notes on certain Psychidez, with descriptions of two new
Bombycide. _
By A. S. PAcKARD.
From material kindly given me by Messrs. Graef, Hulst and Edwards,
I have been able to review the characters of our two true Psychids, and to
add another fine species from Texas to our fauna. I also offer a description
of a very pretty Lithosia from Northern Maine, and of a small Cochlidian

from Texas.

Psyche carbonaria n. sp.

2d. This is the largest species yet known from this country, the wings ex-
panding a fifth of an inch more than those of P. confederata. The head and thorax
are very hairy ; front of head wide, much as in P. confederata, and the eyes of the
same proportional size. Antenne with long pectinations. Wings uniformly smoky
black, not quite so black and thickly scaled as in ?. confederata. They are slightly
narrower than in that species ; the costa of botlt pairs not so full, and the apex of the
primaries is more pointed. The venation of the fore wings differs from that of P.
confederata, besides other less important respects in the 4th median venule,* the
origin of which is in common with the 3rd, and not widely detached from it as in /.
confederata. In the hind wings the costal vein sends off backwards a slight spur to-
wards the costal edge, and there is an oblique veinlet, connecting the costal and sub-
costal veins and situated on the inner fourth of the wing ; beyond this the costal does
not unite with the subcostal on the apical fourth of the wing, as is the case in P. con-
federata. There are other differences which can be only described by aid of a figure.
The male genitals are longer, slenderer, and more pointed than in ?. confederata.

Expanse of wings, 21—22 mm.; length of body, 8-9 mm,

Two males from Texas. Collection of Mr. Edward L. Graef; one
of these by the kindness of the author retained in my own collection.

Note on Plateceticus glovern Pack. It will be remembered that this
genus and species was described in my ‘‘Guide” from the drawings of the
late T. Glover. Having been favored with several specimens from Crescent
City, Fla., received through the kindness of Mr. H. G. Hubbard, I have
been able to compare this species with Psyche confederatfa, with which it
might at first sight be confounded. But by a study of the venation it is
evident that the two moths belong to different genera, Besides minor
differences Pla/eceticus differs from Psyche in having, so to speak, two
independent venules arising from near the middle of the discal space, i.e.
besides the usual four median venules, and five (the 5th in Psyche forming
the ‘‘independent’) subcostal venules there is an extra independent venule

* The author here wishes to protest, with Westwood, against the custom instituted
by Herrich-Schaefer and followed by other German and American writers, of counting
the branches beginning at the anal angle from 1 to 12. To do so is irrational and un-
scientific. As is well known, there are at least 5 main veins, of which the subcostal and
median arealways branched. As heretofore we count the first branch to be thrown oft
from the main stem as venule 1, andso on. To count only the branches without reference
to the main stems, would be as unscientific as to count the fingers of our hands
from I to Io.

not present in Psyche or in Thyridopteryx. In the hind wings, however,
there are the same number of veins as in Psyche confederafa and carbonaria.

Plateceticus however not only differs in the venation, but has larger
eyes, while the front of the head is narrower than in Psyche. The species
may be distinguished from PP. confederata by the shape of the wings ;
moreover the body and the wings are much paler, being mouse-
brown, (while P. confederafa is black), with the scales less numerous or
thinner, and the genital plates are longer, narrower, and more pointed.
Moreover the pectinations of the antennz are shorter. The wings expand
18 mm., and the body is 7 mm. in length. Specimens in alcohol of the
larva, pupa and female are very desirable for a complete history of the genus.

Lithosia rubropicta pn. sp.

1 ©. Front of the head as broad as long; palpi quite long, brown, scarlet
beneath on the basal joint. Head brown, with a scarlet occipital stripe passing around
the underside of the head. Fore wings dark brown, without any markings, except
that the costa is edged with scarlet on the basal two-thirds. Hind wings scarlet on
the basal half; the outer half dark brown, concolorous with the fore wings. Abdomen
deep scarlet above and on the sides, with a dorsal row of seven brown median spots ;
beneath dark brown. Underside of the fore wings with the costa more broadly edged
with scarlet than above ; hind wings as above.

Expanse of wings, 28 mm.; length of body, 9 mm.

Of this fine species I captured a single specimen on the shores of the
Rangeley lakes, Maine, in July. It is quite unlike any other Lithosian
we have, as observed to me by Mr. Henry Edwards. Itis a true Zzthosza,
with the outer edge of the fore wings quite oblique, the wings being
broader and more triangular than in //ypoprepia or Anatolmis. The hind
wings are much rounder and fore wings wider than in Z. cas/a or the
other known American species. It is certainly a very beautiful addition
to our lepidopterous fauna.

Lithacodia grefii n. sp.

1 -;. Body and fore wings deep ochreous ; hind wings yellow, unspotted. Fore
wings with a linear brown line, beginning on the middle of the hind edge, crossing
the wing obliquely outwards and forming a broad loop not reaching the costa, re-
turning by a course not quite parallel with the outer edge and ending at the inner
angle. On the underside this line does not re-appear ; both wings are more ochreous
than above.

Expanse of wings, 12 mm.; length of body, 5 mm. Texas.

This little species, the smallest of the genus, is congeneric with Z.
Jasciola and L. flexuosa, being closely allied to the latter species, but
differing in the direction of the dark line on the fore wings, and in its
smaller size.

I am indebted to Mr. Edward L. Graef, for the privilege of describing
this species, represented by three specimens in his collection, one of
which he kindly gave me. On showing it to Mr. H. Edwards he regarded
it as undescribed.

On the Life-History of Lygzeus turcicus, /ud.
By C. H. T. Townsenp.

As far as known to me, the habits of this insect have not heretofore
been much investigated. The imagines are common here during July
and August, but until lately I had not observed the species closely enough
to discover it in its early stages.

Mr. Uhler, in his paper on the Hemiptera Heteroptera of the Harris
Collection (Proceedings B. S. N. H., vol. XIX, p. 365-446), gives the
following after the name Zygcus /urcicus Fab.

“No. 21, Harris Collection. ‘On Asclepras syriaca, July 10, 1822.
Larve on Asclepias, Oct. 15, 1832. North Cannon, Mich., T. E. Wet-
more.’ Westfield, Mass., Dr. S. Shurtleff.”

Thus it seems that the larva were observed as early as 1832, and in
this State (Mich.). The township of Cannon is in Kent County, im-
mediately north-east of Grand Rapids township, with which it joins corners.

In regard to the food habits of either the larvae or the perfect bugs of
this species I have never seen anything published, except a short statement
by Glover, and one or two similar ones by others, having no doubt the
statement of the author named for their authority. In his paper on the
Heteroptera, presented in the Report of the U. S. Entomologist for 1875
(Report U. S. Com. Agric., 1875, p. 114-140), Glover states that Z.
turcicus “has been observed once or twice preying on the small caterpil-
lars feeding on the Asc/epeas, or milkweed,” An allied species, Ovcopeltus
Sasciatus Dallas, is given on the next page as ‘‘having been found in great
abundance in Maryland on flowers of the Asc/epzas in company with cater-
pillars of Euchetes egle,” adding that “it probably feeds also upon them. ”
In his paper on Insects frequenting the Cotton plant (Agricultural Report,
1855, p. 64-119), Glover also states that a nearly allied bug, supposed
to be a species of Zyg@us, the larvee of which he found in injured cotton
shoots, was seen to kill and suck the juices from members of his own
species, and also to suck the sap from the cotton plant. It seems that
the food habits of the Zyge@ide and Pyrrhocoride have not been much
inquired into (with the exception of two species, the chinch-bug and the
cotton-stainer), a few notes like the preceding concerning some of the
species being all I find upon the subject.

L. turcicus is seldom found here on any other plant than A. /uberosa,
though sometimes on A. syriaca. The only exceptions to its Asclepias-
habit, that have ever come under my observation are three instances, an
individual being taken each time on rag-weed, a tall weed, and a flower-
ing-almond ; and these I think were accidental occurrences. ‘The
earliest date at which I have taken the species is March 3, (1882), when

a specimen was taken flying ; the latest, Oct. 23, (1886), when a nymph
was taken on the ground in a field. The earliest occurence of the insect
on the Asclepias that I have recorded is June 22, (1886). Thus it ranges
on the plant here from June to September. A specimen was taken April
25, (1886), in a crack in a rotten stump ; no doubt the species hibernates
in sheltered places (probably in the imago), as this and other early occur-
rences would show. Some facts would tend to show that it may oc-
casionally winter in the nymph state as well as in the imago, as the late
occurrence of the larve taken at North Cannon, Mich., Oct. 15, 1832,
also the nymph taken here, Oct. 23, (1886), and as will be shown further
on, the female taken Oct. 8, (1886), which contained 13 eggs. Some
further observations on the subject will be needed however before deciding.

Inasmuch as this species is so confined to the Asclepias, it has long
been my opinion that in their early stages as well as in the imago they
suck the juices of this plant. This is a direct inference ; for if they fed on
other insects, why should they be so confined to this one plant, more
especially as I have never noticed any Luche/es, or other larva to speak
of, on the Asc/efias here? With this idea in view I observed the species
quite closely last season (1886) and was well rewarded.

On August 14, while watching a nymph that I had just discovered
on a green seed-pod of A. /berosa, I perceived it insert its rostrum slowly
and nearly its whole length, into the pod and suck the juice therefrom.
Most of the insects were at this time on the pods. The same day I ob-
served the perfect bugs, both sexes, do the same thing, even puncturing
yellowed pods as well as the green ones. The same was again observed
on August 21st and 26th, numbers of the imagines puncturing the seed-
pods. Some of the specimens examined were found to contain a con-
siderable amount of green fluid in the alimentray canal, which was no
doubt the juice they had been extracting from the pods. They are seldom
found on the leaves after the pods are well formed. The natural food of
L. turcicus is undoubtedly the juice of the stems and pods of the Asc/epuas,
though occasionally they suck the juices of insects as do many nearly allied
species. As they are so constant on the Asc/epias, it is not likely that
they will seriously injure or even attack any cultivated plants.

During the season | examined many of the specimens that came in
my way, to ascertain if pgssible something of the breeding-habits. The
following are the results :

The only date of the species being 7” cozfuw that I have recorded is
August 13th.

July 28th.—Of four specimens taken on leaves and flowers of A.
/uberosa, three were males, while the fourth was a female and contained
29 yellowish-tinted eggs.

August 4th.—Took on a leaf of the flowering-almond a female,
which contained 24 eggs.

August 12th.—Took two on green seed-pods of A. /uberosa, both of
which proved to be males.

August 13th..—On green seed-pods of A. éuberosa took a pair m
cow/u, and a single individual. Of the two zz coizfu the female contained
35 eggs. The single one, which was also a female, contained 26 eggs.

August 14th. —Of twenty taken on A. éwderosa, ten were males and
ten females. Of the 10 females, one contained 6 and another 10 eggs,
while the remaining eight were destitute of eggs.

August 16th.—Took a female on rag-weed. It contained 16 eggs.

August 21st.—Took on A /uerosa eleven specimens, of which three
were males and eight females. Of the eight females, none contained eggs.

August 26th.—Took on a weed a specimen which proved to be a
male.

September roth.—An imago taken on a full grown seed-pod of A.
syriaca. 1 regret to say that I neglected ascertaining the sex.

October 8th.—A female taken running on one of the boards of an
old fence. It contained 13 eggs. This was somewhat unexpected, as I
had supposed the laying time to be over at this date, and indicates that
the species may sometimes winter in the nymph state.

Nymphs were taken on green seed-pods of A. /uberosa August 13th
and 14th, and one on the soil of a potato-field, October 23rd.

—___—_-+-__.

In a recent article in Science, by Le Metayer de Guichainville, pére
et fils, we learn in six columns of type that we have here in America a
species of Orgyia, which is very destructive and which is not the antigua
of Europe. It may however be the /eucostigma of Abbot and Smith,
though this is not certain. We learn also something of the life-history and
are comforted by the assurance that it will be completed by the authors,
while we are astounded to hear that no one seems to know anything of
this insect in this country.

A grosser specimen of ignorance it is impossible to imagine. The
authors know nothing whatever of the literature of American Entomo-
logy, nor apparently of American Entomologists, That Science should
have printed such an article is more than passing strange and does not
speak well for the editors who should have known that this subject of
O. leucostigma has been treated of by Riley, Lintner, Packard, Thomas
and many others—that all stages have been figured again and again and
that Le Metayer de Guichainville, pére et fils, should have been advised
to study their subject before printing. Joun B. Smirn.

Notes on Apion, with Description of a New Species.
By Joun B. Smiru.

In the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XI, 41-68, I gave a synopsis of the
North American Afionine. In the genus Apion, I based my first section of
the genus on the presence of a distinct tubercle on the inner side of the
anterior femora, and found four species so distinguished, agreeing also
in the elongate cylindrical thorax and generally graceful form. The
second section contained a much greater number of species, many of
which agreed in general form with those of section I. Collections made
by Mr. Ulke make it certain that the femoral tubercle is a male character,
and that all of the species of the first section are males of some of the
second. I have no excuses to make for my mistake in describing the
two sexes under different names. Nothing was known of such a sec-
ondary sexual structure in the genus, and [ am not the only one that
has made a similar blunder. As near as it is possible to make out now
the synonymy is as follows :

A. erraticum Sm. (‘ = A. estriatum Sm. 9.

A. obsoletum Sm. ({ = A. ovale Sm. Q.

A. erythrocerum Sm. <' = A. cribricolle Lec. Q.
Leconte’s name has priority.

A. robustum Sm. <i = A. obesum Sm. 9.

Except in the case of crzbricolle where Dr. Leconte’s previously de-
scribed species displaces my name, I have retained the name proposed
for the males. Large collections seen and received since the publication
of the synopsis have discovered several new species, and have also dis-
closed an unexpected amount of variation which may interfere somewhat
with the scheme proposed by me. It is likely that other sexual characters
will be discovered which will afford a sounder basis for a division of the
genus. One prominent form is new and merits description.

A. lividum n. sp.

Belongs to group vendvicosum of Section IV and nearest in form to ¢awrdulentum
Smith. Color, a uniform rather pale red brown, differing thus, at once not only from
all the species of the group, but from all others in the genus. The head is punctured
between the eyes; the latter black, distinct, but hardly prominent ; rostrum some-
what dilated near base. Thorax closely and distinctly punctured ; a larger linear
fovea at base, sides slightly arcuate. Elytra deeply striate, the strize distinctly and
Length 1 mm.—Hab. Florida.

deeply punctured, intervals narrow, convex, smooth.
Two specimens in my own collection, several with Mr. Ulke. ‘There
will be no difficulty in recognizing this species, as it is unique in the genus.
Collectors would doa great deal to aid in straightening out this family
if they would carefully mount all specimens taken 7 copuda on the same
pin, and note the fact that they were so taken. This, systematically done,
would often save such blunders and avoid a cumbrous synonomy.

Book Notices.

Systema Geometrarum zone temperatioris septentrionalis. — Systematische
Bearbeitung der Spanner der N6rdlichen Gemiissigten Zone, von C, Freih. v.
Gumppenberg. ister Theil mit 3 Tafeln. Nova Acta der Ksl. Leop, Carol.
Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher. Band 49, Nr. 4, Halle, 1887, Seite
229—400, Taf. 8—1o.

It is generally unfair to pass judgment upon a work when only in
part completed. But the above work is one of so great importance that
some particular mention ought to be made of its publication, even in
part. Moreover its aims, its plans, its argument and its synopses are
included in the 172 pp. already issued, so that it seems one ought with-
out unfairness to be able to summarize the intention and accomplish-
ment of the author.

The work as may be gleaned from its title is an ambitious one. It
endeavors to cover in some respects the whole field of the family of the
Geometridae of the Northern temperate Zone ; it treats of descent, clima-
tic variation, influence and distribution ; it discusses classification and
nomenclature ; it gives finally a Synopsis of Genera and a_ systematic
description of Genera and Species. It aims to be to the North temperate
Zone very much what Dr. Packard’s great work was to the Geometrid
Fauna of our own country.

In the discussion of descent, variation, and distribution there is
nothing that specially claims our attention. So far as it touches our
fauna it is only a following of Dr. Packard’s views given in his Mono-
graph.

The author's views upon classification are novel and radical, and they
are expressed with a point and frankness which leaves no doubt as to his
meaning. His argument is that the systems of the past are artificial, un-
scientific, and worthless. He endeavors to show by arguments as
well as by the confession of the authors, that the systems of Herrich-
Schaeffer and Lederer, based on venation cannot be received by students.
He endeavors also to show that the systems of Guénée and Packard
founded more especially upon the structure of head, body and appen-
dages, are no less valueless.

After all this iconoclasm the author proceeds to unfold what he
calls the Natural System. As the corner stones of his structure he lays
down the following :

ist.—The one who seeks by examination to determine an insect
unknown to him, must use means .as simple as possible, afid nothing
shall have standing with him which is ascertained only by dissection,
by means of the microscope or by the mutilation of the insect.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. Vou IIt. 9 JUNE, 1887.

znd,—One must in his observations take account only of distinctions
which are possessed by every species of the same genus and every speci-
men of the same species as well as in both sexes if the female is perfectly
developed.

As based upon these laws venation, head and palpal structure; the
legs and their armature are none to be reckoned in generic determination.
Classification practically rests 1st upon the visible and evident shape of
the wings, and 2nd—upon the method of the design of the markings of
the wings. For the first account is taken of the various edges, whether
rounded, angulate, straight or concave—of the various angles, whether
sharp or rounded ; for the second account is taken of the number of cross
lines upon the fore and hind wings, and their shaping in lines, bands,
points, &c.

Following this, the author gives his rules of nomenclature, &c..
tables of the altitude and geographical distribution of species. ‘Ihese are
followed by a synopsis of genera and a general description and systematic
arrangement of species. The three plates given so far with the work are
intended to place before the eye the author’s ideas of influences, cold,
-heat, elevation, plant life, &c., which in the North temperate Zone have
affected and which now to an extent modify its Geometrid Fauna.

With regard to the System of the author, after a detailed examination
we fail to see how it can be called more natural or less artificial than
systems based upon venation or the structure of the various parts of the
body. We fail to see either right or reason in forbidding for the deter-
mination of genera the use of structural distinctions which are ascertained
only by use of the microscope. We fail to see anything of exactness
gained by using for determination things so variable as wing shape,
or so wonderfully changeable as the design of the markings upon the
wings. We fail to see that this latter which is unsafe for specific deter-
mination, can be used in any way as a basis for generic distinction. The
System seems to be the outgrowth of a feeling we have often realized, viz. :
that the systems of the past are unsatisfactory, and to an extent artificial.
But we would not think it either rational or necessary to cast away all
the past has done, because we find its work incomplete or disappointing.

Some of the innovations of the author we are inclined to ‘endorse.
Among the number we note the Latinizing and correct spelling of generic
names, as Eubcea for Eubyja, Marmoropteryx for Marmopteryx, Loxo-
gramma for Lozogramma, «c.

The author in his Bibliography makes no reference to the Bulletin of
the Brookl. Ent. Soc., Entomotogica Americana, Papilio, the Canadian
Entomologist, or any works issued by our Government, except Dr.
Packard’s Monograph. Dr. Packard’s work seems to have been the sole

means of knowledge used by the author in his work. It does not appear that
he had any personal knowledge of the insects of our fauna, or of the fact
that since the publishing of Dr. Packard’s Monograph above 185 species
have been described by various authers or have been found in our faunal
limits. The author will without doubt be informed upon these matters
in time to incorporate the most of them in his work, but it is a serious
drawback to the value of the work in the eyes of American Students and
gives a suspicion that sufficient personal investigation and study has not
been given to that fauna which includes nearly one-third of the species of
which he treats.

However in its system of classification the work is a very notable
one and in that respect will rank among the few great works upon this
fimily of the Lepidoptera, even though the system must be condemned.

Gro, D: Hursi

*
Synopsis of the North American Syrphide, by Samuel W. Williston, M. D.,

Ph. D. Bull. U.S, Nat’l Mus., No. 31. 8°. pp. I to XXX, and 1 to 335, pl. XII.
Washington, 1886.

This Bulletin has just been distributed, and is by all odds the most
valuable recent contribution to American Dipterology. It contains first
a “Classification,” in which a synoptic table of the subfamilies and genera
are given, and second, ‘‘Descriptions,” in which all the genera and species
are carefully described, the synonomy and bibliography given and all in-
formation on the species collated.

The best praise that can be given this book, is to say that no intelli-
gent student can fail to identify his specimens from it. More such works
would quickly increase the number of students and consequent knowledge

of the order. Joun B. Smiru.
ee

Epiror EnromMoLoGica AMERICANA.

Dear Sir:—There are few beetles, or indeed insects of any order
more beautiful than are the Bupreshds of the genus Brachys. We have
just reared in our Laboratory two species, B. ovata Web., and B. @rosa
Mels. The former was taken last October in leaves of the Poplar (Popu-
lus tremuloides) and the latter in leaves of Oak. The larvae were mining
under the epidermis, and were like all the larve of this genus. ‘The head
is prominent, and the borer or miner tapers gradually to the pointed
posterior end. The 2. ovafa came forth as a mature beetle the last week
of April, while 2. wrosa came forth from the pupa state to-day, May gth.

Last year, 1886, peach trees in portions of Michigan were seriously
injured by a Longicorn borer. ‘The twigs were cut offso as to nearly destroy
some of the trees. The beetles are just now emerging from twigs kept over
winter in the Laboratory. They prove to be Elaphidion farallelum Newm.

A. J. ocr

= fo —

The current numbers of the ‘Entomologische Nachrichten’ contain
interesting reading. First Dr. Kraatz ‘‘goes for” Dr. Kolbe, proves
him an ignoramus and himself the exact contrary. Then Dr. Kolbe
proves Dr. Kraatz an exceedingly bad man, unworthy the confidence of
his fellows, and that he not only knows nothing, but never did know
anything. As said, it is interesting reading—and all this because these
two gentlemen are not agreed as to the value of the genus Oriocarabus
and of the position of some of the species. Joun B. Smiru.

Society News.

The Brooklyn Entomological Society met in its rooms Tuesday Evening,
May 3rd. The President reported the following Committee to represent the Society
in the Meetings of the A. A. A.S. to be held in New York, August roth,—Henry
Edwards, Ed. L. Graef, Chas. S. Leng, G. W. J. Angell and Geo. D. Hulst.

Mr. Weeks read a paper upon various methods of preserving duplicates of
Coleoptera.

In response to a question by one of the members opinions were given as to the
best method of collecting Coleoptera when off on a distant collecting trip. The large

majority favored the collecting. of all Beetles in pure alcohol rather than in any
other way.

Ent. Soc. Washington, April 7th, 1887.—Mr. E. A. Schwarz read a paper,
“In Memoriam of Thomas Say.’’ He showed two, photographs of the monument
erected to his memory at New Harmony, Ind., and a copy of the inscriptions on it.
After describing the life of Thomas Say, Mr. Schwarz feelingly remarked, that the
importance of Say’s work had never been duly recognized by the Scientific Societies
of Philadelphia to which he belonged and of one of which he was one of the founders.

Mr. Smith read a shart paper on specific characters in the genus Arcétia, finding
the pattern of maculation constant and reliable for specific distinction when the ten-
dency or direction of variation was understood. He gave a rough outline of a scheme
to distinguish the species.

Mr. Ulke made some remarks on exchanging and dealing in Insects, criticising
to tendency to use numbers instead of names, as a source of many erroneous deter-
minations, as an error in a single figure would sometimes put the specimen in an alto-
gether different family.

May 6th, 1887.—Mr. Smith gave some notes on the Syerinthine—first giving a
brief history of the modifications and subdivisions of the original genus Smerinthus
until to-day we have seven genera for eight species. He called attention to the un-
certainty which writers seemed to labor under as to the real limits of genera, and
pointed out a series of characters which will, he believes, prove Satisfactory in separat-
ing the forms now known to us.

Dr. Marx gave some brief notes on his recent studies in Scorpionide, and also on
the effects of their poison on the human system. Mr. Lugger and Mr. Smith made
some remarks on the latter subject.

Mr. Howard recorded the presence of Hydropsyche in all stages of growth at this
season, and also the presence of great swarms of S?audium larve.

Mr. Lugger read a note on an Entomological curiosity.*

* Which will be printed in full.

Cn
AMERICANA

VOL. III. BROOKLYN, JULY, 1887. Noaes

The Scolopendridz of the United States.
By Luctrn M. Unprerwoop, Pu. D.

Through the kindness of the curators of the U. S. National Museum
I have had the opportunity to study its collection of Myriapoda! which
though not a large one is especially rich in the larger centipedes of this
country. Recent studies by Kohlrausch? and Meinert? have greatly
modified the subject of specific determination in this family and h&ve
reduced many of the species described by Newport, Wood, Koch,
Saussure and Porath so that an extensive array of synonyms stands as
the result of their labors. Characters now known to be individual have
been relied on hitherto as specific, and the study of larger numbers of
specimens has made in some instances sweeping reductions. As an ex-
ample forty specific names now stand as synonyms of Scolopendra
morsitans. +

1 There is a division among Zoologists as to the orthography of this word. The
orthography JZyriapoda used above is in accordance with the usage of Newport,
Gervais, Lucas, Wood, Meinert, L. Koch, C. Koch, Bergsoe, Porath (earlier papers),
Palmberg, Ryder, Sager, Cope, Fanzago, Saussure, Humbert, Haase and De Borre.
The form AZyriofoda is used by Karsch, Latzel, Packard, Stuxberg, Butler, Harger,
Peters and Porath (later papers).

* Gattungen und Arten der Scolopendriden, in Archiv fur Naturgeschichte,
1881, 50—132

8 Myriapoda Musei Cantabrigensis, Part I Chilopoda, in Proceedings American
Philosophical Society, XXI, 161—233 (1885).

4 Of the 38 species of Scolopendra described by Newport in his classic (Trans.
Linn. Society, 1844) only eight have not yet been reduced to synonyms, Of the 25
species described by Wood, zzzeteen are not now regarded as valid species and not one
of the other six has been identified a second time. In the light of these facts it is
the part of wisdom to move slowly in the description of new species.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL III. 10 JULY, 1887.

——ho=

The Scolopendridz may be readily distinguished from all other
Chilopoda in the possession of either 21 or 23 pairs of legs. The body
segments being so similar the essential characters are drawn from the
head and its appendages, the first body segment (dasilar segment), and
the last segment with its so-called anal legs ; other characters are drawn
from the spiracles, the armature of the femoral joints and of the tarsi;
sexual characters have never been used in classification. A vast amount
of work must be done in studying the early stages of not only this family
but all other families of the Myriapoda before specific lines may be re-
garded as settled.

The reported occurrence of a tropical genus in the Southern States
necessitates an enlargement of the synoptic table given in the first volume
of this journal, ®

The genera may be distinguished as follows:

A.—With 23 pairs of legs, all 5 —7-jointed ; ocelli wanting ; antennz 17-jointed. ..
Scolopocryptops Newp.

Witte 2 8) pairs OP legs... htc seit, orhge RE ers atu. Sua nee ae

B. —With nine pairs of simple stigmata’ ...... ..... Aeesavois Pots 5) So eee Cc
With ten pairs of stiymata, which are inclosed in a deepens a wrinkled, gill-

like integument; antennz 17—21-jointed ........ Beene Newp.
C.—Ocelli four each side of head ; cephalic segment overlapping the first dorsal. . .
i Scolopendra L.
Ocelli incomspicuous' or) wanting: 2.7... | eee cen eeeinke = o ieee D

D.—Last dorsal scutum enlarged ; prosternal teeth present ; labrum one toothed. .
Opisthemega Wood.

Last dorsal scutum, not larger than the others; prosternal teeth wanting ;
labrams3=S5 toothed | fac) scnae ct Goes om sis ceca ae Cryptops Leach.

In the following enumeration of species those represented in the
National Museum are marked with an asterisk ; localities from whence
species are represented in the same collection are followed by a point of
exclamation.

1. SCOLOPOCRYPTOPS Newp.

Seven nominal species have been described which are here reduced
to three, and it is possible that two of these are separated by characters
that will not prove constant..

The species may be thus distinguished :

A.—-Anal legs (except the femoral joint) more or less densely pubescent; prosternal
teeth: presenta: i. I he. at eae ae ohare moe eee lanatipes Wood.

The North American Myriapoda, Entomologica Americana, I, 141—151,
(1885).

6 In the common Scolopeodra heros these stigmata appear as horizontal slit-like
openings above the legs on the 3rd, 5th, 8th, roth, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th and 20th
body segments. In Sranchiostoma the 7th segment bears stigmata in addition to
those above named.

Anal legs glabrous, armed with two spines, one within, one beneath....... B

B.—Head suborbicular ; prosternal teeth wanting, the margin straight or obscurely

SINUOUSsas es Me Boe eich os. Gaba soe RRR ee . *sexspinosus Newp.
Head subovate ; prosternal teeth two ; last 17 dorsal scuta margised ; animal
RSMO ALE res resins ok Acc a Teer ev wh os os 2 SPA =w sk 6) ch CEN ne VeMaVeT sf os ancora neysr Georgicus Mein.

DISTRIBUTION AND SYNONYMY.

Californica Humb. et Sauss. = Zwzatipes Wood.

Georgicus Meinert. Proc. Am, Phil. Soc. XXI, 180 (1885 ).— Georgia.

gracilis Wood = danatipes Wood.

lanatipes Wood. Jour. Phila. Acad. V, 39 (1862); Trans. Am, Phil. Soc. XII,
175 (1865).— California.

sexspinosus (Say) Newp. Trans. Liin, Soc,, XIX, 407 (1845 ).— ‘‘Eastern
U. S.” (Wood); Minois! Washington, D. C.! N. Y., Pa., Iowa. Va., W. Va.,
Md., Mass., Ohio, Ky., Cal.

spinicauda Wood = sexspinosus Newp.

Scolopendropis helvola Koch = ? sexsp/nosus Newp.

Il BRANCHIOSTOMA Newp.

Only one species is reported from the United States by Saussure and
Humbert. 7

B. celer Humb. et Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. 1870, 202.—Carolina,
Jamaica, Nicaragua.

Ill. SCOLOPENDRA L., Newp.

Numerous species of this cosmopolitan genus have been described
from the United States, but the number is here reduced to seven, with
an additional species which cannot be recognized from its description
and must stand until its type (supposed to be in Paris) can be re-studied.

The species may be distinguished as follows ; (full descriptions of the
species will be found in Meinert, 7. c., 190, ef seg.):

A.—First body-segment with a well marked transverse groove................. B
inst body-Seament motorooved.. |... «ss eeenieenenieeaic tien einer

B.—First tarsal joint of anal legs armed with a spur ; antennze 23—30-jointed. ..C
First tarsal joint of anallegs unarmed ; antennz 17-jointed ; anal legs short,
thick, armed with 11--12 spines, the angular process simple or bifid......
Woodii Mein,

Species large (loo—150 mm. long in adults); prosternal teeth large ; anal legs
with 17—25 spines; antennz 24—30-jointed............. *heros Girard.
Species smaller (60 mm. long); prosternal teeth small; anal legs very short,
armed with 10—17 spines; antennze 23—24-jointed......... *viridis Say.
D.—Femora of penultimate legs spinulose distally ; femora of anal legs armed with
40—60 spines, the angular process with 6—8 or more ; antenn 17-jointed. .
*crudelis Koch.

er

7 Mission Scientifique au Mexique etc. 6ieme partie: Etudes sur les Myriapodes,
p- 192. This work contains a valuable catalogue of American Myriapods, which was
nearly complete at the date of publication, 1872.

i
Femora of penultimate legs not spinulose ; spines of anal femora less numerous

k.—-Femora ot anal legs armed with 10—14 spines (4—6 within, 6 —g beneath, ar-
ranged in a triple series); the angular process with 3—4 spines; antennz

Py Seo). |... caine tele tte eens. * morsitans L.
Femora of anal legs with 2—5 spines, the angular process simple or bifid ; an-
tennze 17 —20-jointed.......... Wie ERC TS oT OS) eb 0\/s- «ses ee F
F.—Spines of anal femora 4—5, always two beneath ....... *subspinipes Leach.
Spines of anal femora only 2, both within............. *De Haanii Brandt.

DISTRIBUTION AND SYNONYMY.

bispinipes Wood = De Haanit Brandt.
byssina Wood = swdspinipes Leach.
Californica Humb. et Sauss. = morsitans L.
castaneiceps Wood = evos Girard.
Copeiana Wood = eros Girard,
crudelis Koch. Syst. der Myriapoden, 170 (1847); Die Myriapoden, II, 36,
t. LXXVH, LXXvIII (1863).—: Fiorida, Tortugas! Key West! Hayti,
De Haanii Brandt. Recueil, 59 (1841).—California ; tropical regions generally.
heros Girard in Marcy’s Exp. Red River, App. F., 243 (1853).—Florida!
Louisiana! Texas! Kansas! New Mexico! Arizona! Utah! Mexico! Ga., Ala., Ky.,
Neb., Cal., Panama, Guatemala, Porto Rico. The report by Meinert (2. G.) Ole
specimen from Westfield, N. Y., must have arisen from an error in the label !
ineqguidens Gervais. Apteres, IV, 277 (1847).—New York. This species is as
yet unidentified ; the type is supposed to be in Paris.
inzequidens Wood = /Voodit Mein.
longipes Wood = crudelis Koch.
marginata Say = morsitans L.
morsitans L., Kohlrausch. Archiv f. Naturg., 1881, 104.—West Indies!
Surinam ! Florida, ‘‘Southern States” (Wood); tropical regions generally.
pachypus Kohlrausch = ? heros Girard.
parva Wood = wiridis Say.
pernix Kohlrausch = ? heros Girard.
polymorpha Wood = eros Girard.
punctiventris Newp. = viridis Say.
subspinipes Leach., Kohlrausch. Archiv f. Naturg. 1881, 96.—West Indies!
Surinam! Florida ; tropical and subtropical regions generally.
viridis Say. Proc. Phila. Acad. II, 110 (1821).—Lookout Mountain, Tenn. !
Tertugas, Fla. ! Georgia !
Woodii Meinert. Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. XXI, 198 (1885).—Va., N.C.,
5S. C. (Meinert); Illinois (Wood).
IV OPISTHEMEGA Wood.
The species are thus characterized :
A.—Femora of anal legs armed with a spine at the internal superior angle ; antenne
16—17-jointed, distally pubescent............:...... *spinicauda Wood.
Femora of anal lezs unarmed ; antenne 17—18-jointed............... eS
b.— Antenne (except first four joints) pubescent ; anal legs very short and stout ..
crassipes Mein.
Antenne not pubescent ; anal legs short, punctate......... *postica Wood.

DISTRIBUTION.

trassipes Meinert. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXI, 209 (1885).—Va., Ky., Fla.

postica Wood. Jour. Phila. Acad. V, 35 (1862); Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, XII,
169 (1865).—North Carolina, Virginia.

spinicauda Wood. Jour. Phila. Acad. V, 36 (1862); Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
XIII, 170 (1865). —Peunsylvania, Illinois.

V. CRYPTOPS Leach.

The species of this genus have scarcely been collected in this country.
Up to the time of Wood’s principal publication in 1865 two species had
been described, neither of which were known to him. Wood described
a third species in 1867 and Meinert a fourth in 1885. C. hyalina sent by
Mr. Bollman is all] I have seen, If the descriptions can be depended
on they ought to be distinguished by the following table :

Eee Pe ILEUM MLO =] OUT CO etate al )sic, cic) a's cals, 2,2 aie skeletal asperipes Wood.
PANN CGSTIIA ce aL 7= | OMNES Attest pte. <= nics +.» ecsi ene ete cient ies echo a reer B
B. —Third joint of anal legs armed with five spines................ hyalina Say.
PEMTiLeD Le SUM LEN ITNE Claes eater Arce 2) Sos ce) «<1 chs sc eNO Emp CRO eR Rea ima holo) cect oka ear Cc

C.-—Antenne elongate, moniliform, the segments nearly equal, mostly smooth... .
Milbertii Gervais.
Antenne short, thickened at base, densely hirsute........... sulcatus Mein.

DISTRIBUTION AND SYNONYMY.

asperipes Wood. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1867, 130.—Virginia.

hyalina Say. Jour. Phila. Acad. IL, 111 (1821). Collected Writings (Leconte’s
Ed.) II, 30. Georgia, Florida, Indiana.

Milbertii Gervais. Apteres, IV, 592 (1847).—New Jersey.

postica Say = Theatops postica Newp.®

sexspinosa Say = Scolopocryptops sexspinesa Newp.

sulcatus Meinert. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXI, 211 (1885).—Kentucky.

8 The genus Z/eatops has had a strange history and after all its vicissitudes may
as well be consigned to oblivion. It was first described by Say (1821) as Cryptops
postica from Georgia and East Florida. Newport in 1844 established the genus
Theatops on type specimens sent by Say to Leach and deposited by him in the British
Museum. Newport says ‘“‘it approaches Cryftops, but differs from that genus in the
distinctness of the ocelli and in the possession of the labial teeth.” Gervais in the 4th
volume of Apteres (1847) re-unites it to Crvypfops and yet adds: ‘‘On devra tres-
probablement la reunie aux veritable Scolopendres.” Wood in 1862 and later in 1865
quotes Newport’s description, stating that he never saw a specimen of it. Latzel
(1880) in the first part of his ‘*Myriopoden der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie”
makes it a probable synonym of Sco/opendra, while Kohlrausch (1881) enumerates it
as a valid species of Zheatops in his ‘‘Gattungen und Arten der Scolopendriden.” It
thus appears that Say and Newport are all who saw specimens and their statements
are opposed to each other in regard to the position of the eyes. It will probably never
appear again ; at least is it not necessary to include it in future lists.

Seas

Larva of Sisyrosea inornata, Grit and Rob.
By (Gros 4) sElutst,

In September, 1886, I found a curious and very beautiful caterpillar
on Bayberry (Myrica cerifera), at Shelter Island, N.Y. It fed in con-
finement until the latter part of October, when it went into a close oval
cocoon. The cocoon in shape and color was apparently identical with
those common, to the Limacodes. The cocoon was kept in a warm room,
and the imago emerged May 27th, 1887, as Sisyrosea inornata, G. & R.
The larva is of an oval shape, the longitudinal diameter being about twice
the lateral diameter. It is very remarkably flattened, its perpendicular
depth being not more than one-third its width. It has thus very much
the shape of the fish known along the coast as the ‘‘flounder.” The head
is strongly bifid, projecting forward over the mouth parts, and is edged
with pink. Dorsal space running the width of the head, slightly spread-
ing at anal extremety, edged with a yellowish raised line, and having a
slightly raised line in middle. Also a raised cross space on each segment,
the enclosed spaces between the lines having each a lighter spot. On the
Sth and roth segments the cross space is bright red. From the dorsal
space the sides slope gradually to the extreme lateral edge, which is very
narrow. ‘There is on this sloping portion a longitudinal raised line, and
the raised cross lines on each segment are continued to the edge, thus
forming enclosed spaces somewhat square in shape, and so the whole
surface has under a lens a strongly groined appearance. There is a small
tuft of hairs on each segment, just beyond the dorsal space, and another
on each segment at the extreme edge. These latter are flattened, spread-
ing, each tuft on a projecting tubercle, are dull white in color, and give to
the margins a lace-like fringe. The tubercles at end and on sides are
pink. Like the most of the family the hairs are probably poisonous.

I found the larva some years since in New Jersey, feeding on Wild
Cherry, but it did not reach the imago stage.

The imago emerged by the pupa breaking open a circular cap at the
end of cocoon. ‘The pupal skin was left protruding from the cocoon.

aan aa nanan

The Transactions of the Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, which have just come to hand,
contain a very timely article by Dr. Sharp ‘*On some proposed transfers of names of
genera,’’ (pp. 181—188). The article is too long to reprint, and too concise to ab-
stract, but it treats of the priority question, and as to its enforcement in regard to
genera. The article is a very good one, and to be commended to those who, fol-
lowing out their idea of what the law of priority demands, would create confusion
worse confounded in our collections and lists. And the difficulty is, too, that as soon
as we had familiarized ourselves with one change, another would come along, prove
definitely or to his own satisfaction that a particular species could not be the type ofa
certain species, but some other must be, and so on. JouHN B. SMITH.

Observations on North American CAPSID with
Descriptions of New Species. ,
By Pl Re Wier

Div. MIRARIA.

TERATOCORIS, Fieb.
1. T. herbaticus, new sp.

Pale greenish yellow, or straw color, moderately polished, minutely pubescent :
the head shorter and wider than in the next related genera ; the body much narrower
in the male than in the female. Vertex broadly depressed behind, with the occiput
raised into a transverse curved ridge, which rests intimately against and a little over
the front of pronotum 3; the middle line impressed only near the base. Male with a
narrow black vitta extending from behind the tylus to the tip of scutellum. Eyes
pale brownish, more prominent in the male than in the female. Antennze about as
long as the entire body to the tip of the wing-cevers, mederately dusky, gradually
becoming more slender towards the tip, the second joint longest, the third longer than
the fourth. Rostrum reaching to the middle coxze, pale piceous at base and tip.

Pronotum trapezoidal, mederately fiat, the sides slightly excurved behind the
middle, the anterior portion of the lateral margin strongly reflexed, the posterior
margin distinctly sinuated, with the postero-lateral angles callous and prominent, the
surface rugulose, coarsely punctate behind the discal prominence, posterior lobe de-
pressed ; anterior submargin resembling a wide collum with an impression in the
middle ; and the males have a dark streak in the suture of the anterior angle. Legs
minutely hairy, tinged with brown around the knees and on the tarsi, and the femora
marked with a few dark points. Scutellum moderately convex, widely uncovered at
base, the tip smooth, prominent, cylindrico-conyex. Hemelytra narrow and almost
parallel sided in the males, but wider exteriorly, more curved, and with the costal
margin more reflexed in the females ; the surface obsoletely wrinkled and obscurely
punctate, and sometimes a little dusky on the inner margin of corium and on the base
of the elsewhere colorless membrane. The corium, clavus and membrane of the fe-
male are shorter than in the male and the surface of the two former is more coarsely
and distinctly scabrous. Venter of male much narrower than the wing-covers } of
the female almost as wide as the wing-covers ; the male genital segment is set with
stout-erect bristles, and the appendage of the sinistral side is composed of a long com-
pressed basal strap to which is attached a longer curved corneous tapering hook.

Length to end of venter <J' 31--34, 9 4—41 mm. To tip of membrane <j 4 to
44, 9 4mm. Width of base of pronotum I—14 mm,

Specimens of the male are in the collection of the United States
National Museum, which were obtained in the vicinity of Ungava Bay,
Labrador, and presented to that institution by L. M. Turner, In my
own collection is a mutilated female (alcoholic), which was taken near
Hopedale, Labrador, by Dr. Packard, who kindly gave it to me. It
seems likely that this species is closely related to Z! Avperboreus Sahlb.,
which is found in Lapland; but in the absence of specimens for com-
parison it is impossible to decide with certainty.

tee,

z. T. discolor, new sp.

Form of a narrow Nabis ;, fuscous or rufo-fuscous, with the hemelytra, sides of
pronotum, base of coxz and disk of venter pale testaceous. Head moderately
wide, dull, dark fuscous or piceous including the eyes, base of antenna, and
base of the rostrum ; vertex and face concurrently convex ; eyes nearly globular, very
prominent ; antennze somewhat longer than the body with the wing-covers, pale
rufous, a little dusky towards the tip, the basal joint stout, a little bent, rather shorter
than the pronotum, the second joint nearly as long as the clavus, the third much
shorter, about as long as the basal and longer than the fourth ; rostrum reaching to
the middle coxze, fuscous at base and piceous at tip. Pronotum campanulate, dull
fuscous, with two indistinct yellow spots behind the head, scabrous, more coarsely
punctate on the posterior lobe, anterior lobe sub-cylindrical, plane above, almost as
long as the intermediate lobe, the latter tumid, transversely indented on the middle,
the posterior lobe a little longer, somewhat flattened, broadly and deeply indented
each side next the middle lobe, with the lateral margins more broadly reflexed, and
postero-lateral angles produced ; posterior margin arcuated. Legs long, pale dull
rufous, darker on the knees and tarsi, paler at base of femora. Scutellum moderately
flat, dull piceous, with a smooth tubercle at tip. Hemelytra minutely pubescent,
pale testaceous, tinged a little with dusky upon the neryures and clayus, in pale spe-
cimens the discal and inner portions are rosy ; membrane whitish, the nervure dusky.
Prosternum and a broad. vitta each side extending along the sides to the tip of venter
fusco-rufous ; the edge of the connexicum ivory yellow. The red vittee of the venter
are sometimes expanded so as to cover the sides and leave only the disk and margins
testaceous,

Length to tip of hemelytra 54—6, to end of venter 44—44 mm. Width of base
of pronotum I—I4 mm. Q.

Old and thoroughly matured specimens have the dark parts of the
pronotum and underside of the body black, and this causes the two yellow
spots behind the head to appear very distinct. Only females have thus
far been brought to notice.

One specimen from near St. Louis, taken in May; another from the
vicinity of Boston, and a third is in the National Museum at Washington,
which was captured near Garland, Colorado, on June 18th.

Div. PHYTOCORARIA, Reuter.
MELINNA, new genus.

Oval, or oblong-oval ; closely related to Wegaca/um Fieber, but having the head
set closely into the thorax, and without the neck-like contraction behind the eyes.
Head short, nearly vertical, a little sloping forwards, with the eyes vertical, globoso-
ovate, occupying most of the side of the head, and curving upon the gula in the male,
a little less prominent in the female. Tylus almost vertical, a little curved beneath ;
superior cheeks short, wide, blunt, tumid, inferior cheeks bluntly triangular. Vertex
longitudinally impressed. Antenne cylindrical, stout, the two apical joints scarcely
thinner than the preceding one, basal joint a little thickened apically, the second as
long as from the front of the eyes to the base of the pronotum, third and fourth un-
ited, not quite as long as the second, the fourth shorter than the third, acuminate at
tip. Rostrum moderately stout, the basal joint thick, short, barely reaching upon

6925

the prosternum. Pronotum trapezoidal, shorter than wide, convex ; almost bald,
rapidly tapering towards the head, a little narrower there in the male, the lateral
margins rounded down, particularly in front, posterior margin curved, bent down,
Scutellum almost flat, sub-equilateral. Femora normal, the posterior pair curved ;
basal joint of tarsi shortest, the apical one nearly as !ong as the other two united.
Hemelytra nearly parallel-sided, very feebly curved and widened before the apex ;
claval incisure distinct, but not deep, the clavus short and wide, very feebly incurved
on the outer margin, but strongly excurved on the inner one.

1. M. modesta, new sp.

Dark brown, or paler chestnut brown, tinged with rufous when freshly excluded.
Long, narrow oval, narrowest headwards, moderately polished, more pubescent
upon the hemelytra than upon the head and pronotum, Surface of the head a little
rough, remotely pubescent ; the antennz delicately sericeous pubescent, the second
joint in the male a very little thickened apically. Rostrum pale piceous, darker at
tip, reaching to the posterior cox. Pronotum moderately polished, coarsely un-
evenly punctate, remotely pubescent, most convex across the base ; sternum and
coxae pale yellowish brown. The legs pale brownish, more piceous upon the femora
and tarsi. Scutellum remotely pubescent, somewhat scabrous, coarsely punctate.
Corium dull, closely yellowish pubescent, (often with an oblong yellowish spot at
base), moderately scabrous, minutely remotely punctate ; in some specimens with a
whitish transverse streak at the incisure next the cuneus ; membrane paler smoke
brown ; wings almost hyaline, with the nervures dark brown. Venter highly polished,
smoke brown, or ruto-piceous.

Length to tip of venter ¢' 3imm., 9 4mm., to tip of membrane J 4, 9 44 mm.
Width of base of pronotum about 1$ mm.

This is often a common insect upon Pine trees in the vicinity of
Baltimore, and it occurs from the latter part of June until near the middle
of July. Later it may be found during the month of October. Most
likely it may be found at intervals throughout the summer and autumn,
since specimens have been taken in Pennsylvania and New York in the
month of August. I have also captured it during Julv and August in
Eastern Massachusetts, Mr. J. Petit has sent specimens from Grimsby,
Canada ; others were kindly collected for me near Rock Island, Ill., by
the late Mr. B. D. Walsh; and recently I have received a pair from Mr.
E. P. Van Duzee, which were taken in August, at Lancaster, N. Y. Dr.
Asa Fitch obtained a specimen in Washington County, N. Y., and it is the
Phytocoris carbonarius of his collection.

2. M. fasciata.

This is the Megacelum fasciatum Uhler, published in Hayden’s Bull.
Wee. ereop. curv. Lernt., VIII, p. 421.

Since the above description was published I have taken specimens of
this species from the Alder in Eastern Massachusetts.

3. M. pumila, new sp.
Form of AZ. fasctata. Chestnut brown or dark tawny, finely yellowish pubes-
cent ; head, venter, and cuneus generally rufous, but in old specimens dark brown.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. II. 11 JULY, 1887.

—70—

Head moderately polished, obsoletely wrinkled and punctate, remotely pubescent,
unevenly indented on back of vertex ; gula, rostrum, sternum and legs yellow, but
posterior femora more or less piceo-rufous. Antennae flavo-testaceous, minutely
hairy, the apical joint and tip of the third one commonly pale piceous, Rostrum
reaching to the tip of the intermediate coxae, with the apex piceous. Pronotum tran--
verse, moderately convex, closely set with fulvous pubescence, rugulose and obsoletely
punctate, color sometimes tawny across the base. Scutellum rather flat, finely rugu-
lose and obsoletely punctate basally, the apex smoother, pale tawny. Hemelytra
finely yellowish pubescent, moderately polished, obsoletely punctate, usually paler
on the costal margin and inner edge ; cuneus broad, deeply incised, acute at tip, the
inner edge concave and the outer margin convex, with the suriace highly polished,
obsoletely rugulose ; membrane very pale fuliginous, with the basal edge white and
the cell nervule dusky. Pectus broadly vittate with piceous on each side. Venter
highly polished, paler along the middle and tip.

Length to tip of venter 3—31 mm., to tip of membrane 4—44 mm. Width of
base of pronotum I—I} mm.

In Maryland this species occurs abundantly in June and July, upon
Crategus, and I have aiso found specimens upon Willows as late as the
middle of October. Specimens have also been collected near Chicago,
and at Rock Island, Ill., by B. D. Walsh. Others have been sent to me
from Waco, Texas, by Mr. Belfrage, and I have captured a few others in
Eastern Massachusetts.

MEGACCELUM, Fieb.

1. M. grossum, new sp.

Elliptical, dark brown, opaque, but conspicuously polished upon the pronotum.
Head rounded, dull brown, paler before, incised on the middie line, indistinctly
pubescent, the front with transverse ribs of dark brown, between which the surface
is minutely shagreened, tylus and lower part of the cheeks piceous-rufous, highly
polished, constriction at base of head piceous, polished; rostrum stout, reaching
upon the fourth ventral segment, piceous, commonly paler at the incisures, the basal
joint extending to the tip of the prosternal scutwm; antennae stout and long, pale
yellow, flecked with brown, the apical joint entirely brown, and about two-thirds as
long as the third joint ; eyes brownish black, having the posterior canthus bordered
with yellow. Pronotum moderately convex, a little wider than long, piceous brown,
the sides rapidly obliquely narrowing anteriorly, the outer margin widely reflexed, pale,
smooth, a little sinuated ; posterior lobe uneven, coarsely, remotely, in part con-
fluently punctate, the callosities prominent, convex, minutely punctate and scabrous;
posterior margin moderately curved, the edge ivory yellow, humeral angles almost
acutely prominent ; pro-pleura polished, anteriorly minutely scabrous, posteriorly
coarsely remotely punctate. Sternum, trochanters, tips of coxae, and middle line of
venter testaceous, more or less tinged with rutous. Legs pale piceous, with a band
of yellow near the tip of all the tibiae. Scutellum dark brown, yellow at tip, minutely
transversely wrinkled. Corium pale brown or fulvo-testaceous, sometimes pale
clouded with brown ; the costal margin whitish, broadly recurved. Clavus and inner
submargin of the corium with lines of coarse punctures, the disk of the latter with
obsolete remote small punctures ; cuneus rufous brown at base interiorly and at tip,

—71—

margined on both sides with white ; membrane dusky, with the nervule darker, often
with a whitish spot next the base and near the tip adjoining the cuneus. Abdomen
dull above, polished beneath, dark piceous on the sides of venter, often tinged with
rufous.

Length to tip of venter ¢f' 61, © 8 mm., to tip of membrane 7}—9 mm.

The male in this species has the eyes very prominent and the face
correspondingly narrow, forming a decided contrast to the wider and
-more close-set female.

It is sometimes moderately common on Pine bushes in Maryland, .
Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts, during the month of July. Specimens
have also been sent to me from Texas and Florida.

2. M. pusillum, new sp.

Rather narrower than the JZ. inflatum H.-Schf. of Europe. Pale tawny, or
delicate rufo-testaceous. Head moderately rounded; face diagonally, obsoletely
wrinkled each side of the middle impressed line; eyes brownish black ; antennae
testaceous, a little sprinkled with red on the basal joint, and more or less red on the
tips of the second and third joints, the apical joint nearly as long as the third, fuscous;
rostrum reaching to the middle of the venter, yellowish, the basal joint red, the
apical one piceous. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, unevenly moderately
coarsely punctate, the edge a little raised and white all around ; callosities less convex
than in AZ, grossum, minutely scabrous ; lateral margin a little sinuated, the posterior
margin moderately convex, the posterior angles nearly rectangular, with the humeri
very feebly prominent. Scutellum convexly tumid, feebly wrinkled, indented behind,
acuminate at tip, tawny, or rufous. Legs honey yellow, the femora and tibiae more
or less tinged with rufous. Pro-pleura yellowish, coarsely punctate ; sternum, coxae,
trochanters bright yellow. Hemelytra pale yellowish testaceous, thin, obsloetely and
remotely punctate, costal margin abruptly reflexed, ivory yellow ; base of corium
rufescent, the apex with a broad dark red band which is protracted in a slender line
across the base of cuneus ; cuneus deeply incised at base, the apex margined with red,
and the inner edge ivory white to beyond the middle ; membrane a little dusky, the
nervule much darker. Venter polished, rufous each side and on the incisures of the
segments.

Length to tip of venter © 5 mm., to tip of membrane 6 mm. Width of base of
pronotum 2 mm.

Collected in Arizona by Mr. H. K. Morrison. Thus far, I have
examined only females. These have agreed almost exactly in color, size
and form, and are about as narrow as the males of the preceding
species.

3. M. mundum, new sp.

Form similar to that of the preceding species, pale fulvous, or bright yellow,
tinged beneath more or less with rufous. Head with a very distinct neck in both
sexes, and also with the eyes quite prominent in both. Face almost vertical, distinctly
depressed in the male, moderately convex in the female, scabrous, opaque, transversely
wrinkled in both sexes, and with the middle line deeply impressed as far as the col-
lum ; antennae stout, yellow, the basal joint rufescent, set with long erect bristles, the
apical one infuscated and not much shorter than the third; rostrum rufo-testaceus,

—72—

reaching to near the tip of the posterior coxae, the basal joint not extending to the
tip of the prosternal scutum. Pronotum moderately convex, dark piceous, polished,
coarsely but not deeply punctate, transversely rugulose, the sides very oblique and
not distinctly sinuated, the callosities much more elevated in the female than in the
male ; posterior angles almost acute, bent under in one female, the humeri acutely
prominent, pro-pleura coarsely punctate, piceous above. Entire underside of body
yellowish testaceous, rufous, or rufo-piceous on the sides. Legs fulvo-testaceous,
sprinkled with red on the femora. Scutellum piceous, tumidly convex, feeble rugu-
lose, longitudinally indented, and conspicuously impressed next the tip, the tip acute.
Hemelytra with a piceous band across the tip of the corium, and including the base
and apex of the cuneus ; claval sutures distinctly coarsely punctate, the surface of
corium remotely obsoletely punctate, membrane faintly brown, with the nervule
darker.

Length to end of venter <j 4, Q 51 mm., to tip of membrane J 48, O 6mm.;
width of base of pronotum -j' 14, Q nearly 2 mm.

Specimens of this species were sent to me from Eastern Georgia by
Mr. H. K. Morrison, and I have examined others from various parts of
Florida. Mr. Bolter kindly gave me a Q specimen which he captured
near Enterprise, Fla., in the month of March.

—_—_—_——o+--¢—____—

Larva of Aplodes rubrolinearia, Pacs.
By Gro, Desburcr

The larva of this Geometer I found feeding on Bayberry, (Myrica
cerifera), in September 1887 (?), at the east end of Long Island.

It was in general color chocolate brown, with a reddish brown line
on dorsum. Head with eyes rounded, but deeply channeled between,
both in front and on summit. Segments deeply indented between. On
each segment, just below dorsum, on each side, was a projection, most
prominent on anal segment. Below these, just above spiracles, are very
large projections, pointed, turned forward a little, becoming obsolete on
anal segment. A reddish ochreous sub-stigmatal line, with a furcation on
each segment, running up in front of lateral projections. Body rounded
below ; legs 10 in number, light chocolate in color, the anal ones rather
ochreous from the extension upon them of the sublateral line. The
whole body, projections, head, eyes, and legs strongly rugose.

The larva was, in superficial appearance, very much like the larva
given in Dr. Packard’s Monograph of the Geomefride, plate XIII, fig. 23.

The pupa was formed in a very slight cocoon of a few strands of
silk, partly drawing together a leaf. It was dull light green in color, and
having been kept in a warm room all winter, the imago emerged early in
March, 1887.

Studies on the North American PROCTOTRUPID&A,
with Descriptions of New Species from Florida.
(PART L)

By Witiiam H. ASHMEAD,
Jacksonville, Florida.

The Hymenopterous family Proctotrupide, is an extensive one,
comprising, for the most part, parasitic species of minute size, all of the
greatest economic importance, their natural food being the eggs and
and larve of the more destructive insect pests, and to the husbandman
their services are invaluable.

The species composing the subfamily Be/hyline, seem to confine
their attacks to Lepidopterous larvae belonging to the family Zenede ;
the Ceraphronine, principally to Dipterous and Hymenopterous larve,
although species in the genera Lygocerus, Megaspilus, and Ceraphron
are found parasitic in plant-lice, belonging to the Homopterous family
Aphidiide in the bodies of which they live and undergo their trans-
formations.

The species in the subfamily Scedonime are almost entirely egg
parasites : Sce/io is a parasite in grasshopper eggs; Ze/ias and allied genera
in the eggs of moths and butterflies ; while Zelenomus, Hadronotus and
Prosacantha live parasitically in the eggs of various bugs (emzp/era).

The extensive subfamily Platygasterine, comprises numerous genera
and species, generally of the smallest size, and ofa black color, all of
which are found parasitic in Dipterous larve, belonging principally to
the families Cecedomyide and Tipulide.

The Diapriune destroy fungus eating Diplera ; while the subfamily
Ihrmarine, among which are the smallest Hymenopters known, are
egg parasites. They have been reared from the eggs of moths, butter-
flies and sawflies, and a few of the species are parasitic on scale insects,
belonging to the Homopterous family Coccide.

Thus we see, the study of these little insects is of the greatest eco-
nomic importance, and the species and their habits ought to be made
known as soon as possible, so that when practicable, they may be reared
in quantities, colonized, distributed and utilized for the destruction of
insect pests and the benefit of man.

In the following memoir, I have brought together, arranging them
as far as possible in their proper genera, all the described species known
to me to occur in our fauna North of Mexico, and give descriptions of
such of those in my collection that appear to be new or unknown to
science, reared or collected by me, during several years study of the
family.

4

Subfamily HELORIN 2.
I HELORUS Latreille.

1 1. Helorus paradoxus Prov, (Copelus paradoxus Proy.) Petite faune Ent. du
C, II, p. 539—40.
Hab.—Cap Rouge, Canada.
Subfamily DRYININ A.
Il. DRYINUS Latreille.
2 1. Dryinus atriventris Cress. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. IV, p, 193.
Hab.—Texas.
3 2. Dryinus bifasciatus Say. Leconte’s Ed. Say’s Works, I, p. 384.
Hab.—Indiana.
4 3. Dryinus alatus Cress. (CGonatopus alatus Cr.) Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. IV,
Pp. 193.
Hab.—Texas.
III. GONATOPUS Lynngh.
® I. Gonatopus decipieus Prov, Add. et Corr. a la Faune Hym., p. 179.
Hab.—Canada.
6

tN

Gonatopus contortulus Patton. Can. Ent. XI, p. 65.
Hab.—Connecticut.

IV. LABEO Haliday.
7 1. Labeo incertus n. sp.

Q. Length .o8 inch. Black, polished. Occiput deeply concave. Antennee and
palpi, pale yellow. Mesothorax smooth without grooves ; metathorax rugulose. Legs,
including coxze, pale yellow, middle and posterior femora and tibia brownish, Ab-
dominal petiole, long, it with most of the abdomen testaceous. Wings hyaline,
veins pale, the stivma large with a clear spot at base ; no stigmal vein.

Hab. —Florida.

V. CHELOGYMUS Haiiday.

VI. ANTEON Jurine.

8 1. Anteon tibialis Say. Leconte’s Ed, Say’s Works II, p. 730.
Hab.—Indiana.
VII. MYSTROPHORUS Foerster.
VIII. APHELOPUS Dalman.
) 1, Aphelopus americanus n. sp.

y'. Length .06 inch. Black, subopaque, covered with fine, whitish pubescence.
Head punctate. Antenne long, scape brownish yellow, flageilum dark brown. Me-
soscutum with two delicately indicated grooves and some sparse widely separated
punctures. Leys, including coxze, pale yellow, the posterior femora and tibiee, along
upper surface, and claws, brown. Abdomen black, shining. Wings hyaline, veins
pale, two basal cells, stigma large, lunate, brown, stigmal vein as long as the
stigma, pale.

Hab.—Florida.

This species approaches very closely to a European species in my
collection, Aphelopus melaleucus Dalm., but the color of the legs, and
wing veins easily distinguishes it.

Subfamily EMBOLEMIN 4.

IX. EMBOLEMUS Westwood.

10 1. Embolemus nasutus n. sp. ;

oS’. Length .o8 inch. Robust, black, subopaque. Head finely punctate ;
ocelli prominent ; eyes large, arched, giving the insect a peculiar appearance, as the
head is short, vertically ; the black mandibles are long, strongly curved, with a long
tooth near tip, Antennze 10-jointed, black, pubescent, the first two joints short, third
longest, following joints subequal. Abdomen sessile, black. Legs black, knees and
tarsi, pale or whitish. Wings hyaline, veins hyaline, almost invisible ; there is one
basal cell and a clear space in the stigma.

Hab. —Florida.

Described from one specimen taken in a low marsh. The mandibles

project slightly in the form of a little snout, which suggests the name.

X. PEDINONEMUS Foerster.

Subfamily BETHYLINZ.

XI. SCLEROCHROA Foerster.
1] 1. Sclerochroa gallicola n. sp.

Q. Length .o7 inch. Smooth, polished, honey-yellow, including legs and an-
tenne. The oblong head is smooth without ocelli; the eyes small, round, placed
well forward near the anterior corners. The antenne issue frem the forward part of
the head, just above the mouth, are 12-jointed and about as long as the head ; the
first joint long, somewhat dilated, the second much shorter, while the following joints
are very small, sub-moniliform. . Abdomen, pointed ovate. No wings.

Hab.—Florida.

Described from one specimen, reared from cynipidous oak gall

Andricus foliatus Ashm.

12 2. Sclerochroa cynipsiphila n. sp.
©. This species, in size and general appearance, exactly resembles the pre-
ceding, but the head, thorax, and legs are reddish or rufo-testaceous ; the metathorax
waxy-white, while the abdomen is black.
Hab.—Florida.
Described from one specimen, reared from cynipidous oak gall
Holcaspis omnivora Ashm.

13 3. Sclerochoa macrogaster n. sp.

©. Length .12 inch. This species, which was taken at large, differs from the
others, in color and in its much larger and more elongated form. The head is black,
polished ; antennz honey-yellow ; metathorax, knees, and tarsi honey-yellow ; legs
and thorax rufo-piceous. The abdomen, which is about two and a half times longer
than the thorax, is elongate, pointed ovate, black and polished, with a few hairs at tip.

Hab. —Florida.

Described from one specimen. ‘This genus seems to be identical
with genus Jficrops Haliday.

XII. SIEROLA Cameron.
14 1, Sierola maculipennis n. sp.
Length .o8 inch. Black, polished. Mesothorax without grooves. Antennz

and legs honey-yellow (antennz ? 15-jointed). Wings hyaline, veins brown. The

radial cell is narrow, closed ; the stigma broad, thick, with a clear spot at base ; the
basal nervure is strongly curved and thickened, in a dusky cloud ; there is another
cloud at and below stigma and base of radial cell.
Hab.—Florida.
XII. PERISEMUS Foerster.

15 1. Perisemus floridanus n. sp.

oS, Q. Length .12 inch. Black, finely punctate. Head with some coarser,
scattered punctures. The 12-jointed antennz, palpi and legs, honey-yellow. All
femora and middle and posterior tibie, black. Wings hyaline, veins pale, stigma
brown. The male is slightly smaller and the antennze toward apex brownish.

Hab.—Florida.

This species approaches quite closely to a European species in my
collection, Perisemus triareolatus Foerst.
16 2. Perisemus mellipes n. sp.

©. Length .13 inch. This species differs from P. foridanus in its larger size
and the uniform dark honey-yellow legs. The antennze are infuscated toward tips ;
wings hyaline, stigma black.

Hab.—Florida.

XIV. GONIOZUS Poerster.

17 1. Goniozus foveolatus n. sp.

©. Length .12 inch. Black, finely punctate, with coarse, scattered fovez.
Antenne 13-jointed, honey-yellow. Legs black, the knees and tarsi honey-yellow.
Wings hyaline, stigma black, basal cells, two.

Hab.—Florida.
18 2. Goniozus grandis n. sp.

3S’; Q. Length .25 inch. Black, highly polished with a few coarse, scattered
punctures. Antenne and legs rufous. The head and thorax in certain lights have a
bluish tinge. Wings subhyaline, veins yellowish. The ¢{ differs from Q in having
a much narrower head, longer, darker antennz and clear hyaline wings.

Hab.—Florida.

XV. EPYRIS Westwood.

19 1. Epyris analis Cress. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. IV, p. 193. “rie
Hab. — Texas.
20 2. Epyris leviventris Cress. l.c. p. 190.
Hab.—Texas.
21 3. Epyris rufipes Say.
Bethylus rufipes Say. Leconte’s Ed. Say’s Works, I, p. 221.
Lpyris rufipes Cress. 1. c. p. 194.
Hab.—Missouri, Texas.
XVI. ISOBRACHIUM Foerster.

22 1. Isobrachium floridanum n. sp.

©. Length .1o inch, Black, subopaque, finely punctate, sparsely pubescent.
Antenne and legs ferruginous, femora with a dark line above. Wings fusco-hyaiine,
pubescent ; veins brown ; stigma small.

Hab.—Florida.

This genus is distinguished from Perisemus and Gontozus by the
basal vein not having a backward directed branch.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

A New Species of Amphotis.
By Hy. ULKE.

The discovery of a new species of Amphotis induced not only a
comparison of the two species now found in our country, but also of the
two genera Soronia and Amphotis, which have been united by Dr. Horn
under the name of the first genus,

The separation of the two genera
was chiefly based upon the difference
in the antennal grooves, which are
convergent in Soren and parallel
in Amphores.

Soronia undulata however repre-
sents an intermediate form and makes
this character less important.

The structural characters which
eventually may lead to the re-

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES :
Upper figure: Mentum and antenna of

Soronta unduiata Say. establishment of Amphotis are found
Lower figure: Mentum and antenna of

Amphotis Ulkei Lec. in the mentum, antennz and elytra.

The costate opaque elytra are so characteristic, that I recognized the
genus at once—when I first discovered Amphotis ulkei—by the excellent
figure given by Du Val.

Amphotis schwarzii, n. sp.

Elongate oval, light brown, opaque. Head densely punctured and sparsely
covered with short yellow setae. Antennae less slender, club abrupt. Thorax twice
as wide as the length at middle, narrowed in front, apex deeply emarginate, base bi-
sinuate, sides arcuate, broadly explanate and the margin slightly reflexed, hind angles
rectangular, densely punctured and sparsely covered with short yellow setae. Elytra
as wide at the base as the thorax, humeral angles slightly dentiform, sides broadly
reflexed, disc somewhat depressed, with a sutural, a short scutellar, five discal costae
and two additional smaller ones between the fifth costa and the margin. The irregular
coarse punctures of the intervals and the summits of the costae bear short yellow
setae. The inflexed portion of the margin is more finely punctured. Body beneath
is equably punctured, punctures with short yellow setae.—Length 5—6 mm.

This species is very much like A. wékez, but the uniform, pale brown
color and the additional ridges in the inflexed portion of the elytral margin
will at once distinguish it.

I take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting addition to our
fauna to my friend, Mr. E. A. Schwarz of Washington, who is so well
known to every scientific Entomologist of the country.

It would be interesting to know the habits of this new species. Mr.
Schwarz collected it in numbers on the beach near Fortress Monroe, Va.,
where they had been washed ashore.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 12 JULY, 1887.

—78-~

Since my first discovery of Amphotis ulkez I have found it every year,
early in Spring, in the nests of a small black ant (Cremastogaster lineolata
Say), and only this year I collected them in numbers among /ormica
rufa. he only species in Europe: Amphotis marginata Fab., is said to
be found on flowers, Erichson however found them abundantly in the

nests of Formica fuliginosa.
0 ee

Notes on Erebus odora, Z.
By H. T. Fernatp, B. S.

During a recent sojourn at Nassau, N. P., the capital of the Bahama
Islands, I devoted a portion of my time to the study of the insect fauna
of the island.

At every turn strange and striking forms presented themselves, among
which an occasional glimpse of a familiar species seemed like an unex-
pected meeting with an old friend.

This was particularly the case when on the morning of April 26th of
this year a large Lredus, unfortunately somewhat battered, was shown to
me. I captured it with some difficulty as it apparently flew as well as at
night. Just a month later, on the evening of May 26th, I succeeded in
obtaining a perfect specimen, and the next day a third was given to me.

Alluding to their (to me) unusual abundance, in conversation with her
Excellency, Mrs. Blake, to whom and to his Excellency, Governor H. E.

. Blake, I am indebted for very many favors, I learned that the ‘‘ Black
Witch,” as the “rebus is there called, is quite abundant at Nassau, a
season rarely passing in which a collector might not obtain a numbér
with ease. Indeed they are attracted to lights in houses and fly about
like bats till caught or driven out.

On inquiry as to the larva, Mrs. Blake stated that she had endeavored
to obtain it to add to her series of paintings of the early stages of Bahaman
Lepidoptera, but that she had thus far been unsuccessful. She had been
informed by the natives, however, that the larva was very large, fed on the
wild fig (Avcus “rigonata), and was nocturnal in its habits, hiding in holes
in the trunk during the day. She also stated that the moth was even
more abundant in Jamaica than at Nassau,

As the Zredus has such a powerful flight, its extended habitat (from
Canada to Brazil) is not as remarkable as it would otherwise be, but the
capture of fresh and perfect specimens at the extreme limits of this range
would indicate that this species breeds, at least occasionally, in our North-

ern States.
If its food in the West Indies be indeed the fig, it may be safe to

suggest that in our climate it would probably feed on some of the Urtica-
cee, that being the family to which the fig belongs.

A New Genus and Species of Arctiide.
By Joun B, Smiru.

Among material received some time since from Texas, by a number
of collectors as well as myself, were quite a number of specimens of a
pretty species of a Lithosiiform appearance. Its characters prevent its
association with any genus heretofore described. It resembles Zmydia in
wing form, and Ocnogyua in tibial structure, while presenting peculiarities
of venation and head structure, which effectually distinguish it from either.

CERATHOSIA, n. gen.

Body slender, graceful, untufted. Head distinct, rather prominent ; palpi slight,
reaching the middle of the front, the terminal joint minute. Tongue moderate in
length. Eyes hemispherical, prominent ; ocelli distinct. Antennae simple in both
sexes. Front depressed, excavated, with a circular sharp, somewhat irregular rim ; in
the centre of the depression is a cylindrical projection with a truncate and somewhat
cup shaped tip. Thorax ovate, with smooth, scaly vestiture. Abdomen elongate,
slender, cylindric, smooth. Legs slender, smoothly scaled, increasing in length
posteriorly. Anterior tibia shortest, rather stout, with a moderately long, curved
spine at tip; middle tibia with one pair, posterior with two pairs of spurs, not
spinulose.

Primaries narrow, elongate, subequal, outer margin slightly oblique, arquate:
12-veined ; accessory cell present ; internal vein not furcate at base; veins 3, 4 and
5 nearly equidistant from the end of the median ; 6 from lower margin of accessory
cell, 7, 8 and 9 ona short stalk from the end of accessory cell, 8 to the apex, giving
off 9 at about its middle; 10 from upper angle of accessory cell.

Secondaries large, rounded. Two internal veins: 2 from median at its outer
third ; 3 and 4 ona short stalk from the end of the median; 5 wanting ; 6 and 7
from a short stalk at end of subcostal; the costal, (vein 8,) from the subcostal about 2
from base.

Supra anal plate of ¢ triangular ; hook somewhat irregular, thickened in the
middle, with a pointed tip, but little curved. Side pieces subequal, with an obliquely
curved tip.

C. tricolor, n. sp.

Head, thorax, and primaries above, glistening pure white, spotted with black ;
secondaries and abdomen uniform glistening clay yellow.

Palpi black tipped ; tip of frontal projection also black ; a black spot at the inner
base of antennae. Collar with a black dot each side of the middle ; thorax with four
black spots, two on each side of the middle; patagiae with two black spots.

Primaries with black powderings along costa, forming an elongate costal patch
at outer third, in which are three white costal dots. The black spots on primaries
are rather irregularly arranged, and variable: there is a series along the median vein

and another along the subcostal ; in some specimens there are two rather indistinct - -

transverse bands formed. At outer fourth is usually a sinuate, narrow, black trans-
verse line, often broken up into spots and sometimes not traceable as a line—there is
some difference too in the form of the line when it is present. A series of intra venular .
spots parallel to and not far from outer margin always present: a series of terminal
lunules : fringe white. Secondaries and abdomen immaculate. Beneath, secondaries
and abdomen as above ; abdomen with a more or less complete series of narrow black
spots on each side of the middle. Legs white, black marked. Tarsi black or brown,

ieee

ringed with white. Primaries yellow to near outer margin, where it is separated
from the white terminal space by a broad blackish shading which extends inward
on the costa. A series of black terminal lunules.

Expands, I—1.37 inches = 25—35 mm. Hab. Texas.

Many specimens from Texas, where it seems to be not uncommon.
The species is very distinctly marked and easily recognized by the pure
white, spotted primaries and yellow secondaries. It has the wing form of
Utetheisa, and the genus may precede it in the lists. Types in my own
collection. Others in the National Museum, Coll. Graef, Tepper, Hulst,

Bolter, et al.
——

Book Notices.

Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hymenoptera of America,
North of Mexico, together with a Catalogue of described species and Bibliography.
Compiled by E. T. Cresson. Part I. Families and Genera, Trans. Amer. Ento.
Soc. Phil. 1887.

The above work, Part I of which is completed and before us, marks
an era in the mapping out of another part of the great field of American
Entomology. One by one Specialists are bringing facts, which are chaos
to the ignorant, into order, by the ascertaining and publishing of the rela-
tions and likenesses which reveal the ‘‘ unity in diversity” of Nature. And
of this task, no little portion is set before us in the above work. Mr.
Cresson is the more worthy our thanks, as his labors have been in what
is one of the most difficult of all suborders. With this work in the pos-
session of the student, he can with little difficulty arrange his Hymenoptera
in their proper families and genera. We can not too highly recommend
its use to those whose taste leads them to collect and to strive after a
scientific knowledge of the Hymenoptera. Gro. D. Hutsr.

* f *

On the classification of the Pterophoride, by E. Meyrick. Tr. Ent. Soc.
London, 1886, p. I—21.

Mr. Meyrick discusses the location of the family and says on this
point: ‘‘My own conclusion is that the group constitutes a family of
Pyraldina, of similar value with the Botydide, and other allied families,
and that it may be placed, together with the Zimesdide@ and Oxychirotide,
as I have elsewhere defined them, next the Crambide and Scopartade.”
A synoptic table of the known genera is given, and other new genera and
species are described.

No American forms are treated of, but the paper is nevertheless an
interesting and valuable one to the American student of the groups.—]J. B.S

—_- + + >
Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society, June 7th. Apart from the regular busi-
ness, Mr. Wm. Beutenmueller gave an account of a collecting trip in Florida, from
which he had just returned. He was located at Kisimmee and Enterprise. Collecting
in the pine woods was very unremunerative. The hummocks gave much better re-
sults, but it was evident that later in the season there would have been much greater
success. Coleoptera were much more plentiful than Lepidoptera.— The next regular
meeting will be in September, but the President was requested to call a special meet-
ing early in July, to arrange, if thought desirable, for the meeting of the A. A. A. S.

rb

TON Clee
=" AMERICANA

VOL. Il. BROOKLYN, AUGUST, 1887. NO. 5

NEW NORTH AMERICAN MYRIAPODS.

By Crartes H. Boriman.

The types of the following new species are deposited in the Museum
of the University of Indiana,

Subgenus PARAJULUS.

1. Parajulus rugosus sp. nov.

Brown, segments banded with dark gray posteriorly, black dorsal line and lateral
row of spots distinct, vertex black, feet banded with brown. Moderately slender, rough,
not pilose. Vertex wrinkled, median sulcus plain, setigerous foveole present. Eyes
distinct, triangular, almost trapezoidal ; ocelli 50-55, arranged in 8 or g rows. Seg-
ments 5I—54. Sides of first segment only marginate, other segments moderately
striate beneath, with punctations and short lines above. Last sezment produced
into a sharp, robust spine, projecting beyond the anal yaives, which are scarcely
marginate, anal scale large, obtuse, very sparsely pilose. Repugnatorial pore large,
not touching the transverse suture, which is bent. Pairs of feet 96--104, exceeding
the width of body. Male: mandibulary stripes stronzly produced beneath at the
anterior angle. Coxze of the second pair of feet produced as in zmpressus. Genitalia :
anterior part of first plate shorter than posterior part, round, slightly bent outwards,
pilose ; posterior part flat, angularly spatulate, presenting the broad side outwards ;
anterior division of posterior plate curving up around in front of anterior, end bifid,
slightly margined beneath ; posterior part lanceolate, slender, about as long as
anterior division.

Length of body, - 35 mm., width 2.2 mm.; 9 4o mm., width 3 mm,

Hab. —- Monongahala City, Washington Co., Pennsylvania.

In the plan of the male genitalia this species is related to edlpticus,
but differs greatly from that species especially in the form of the posterior
plate.

This species is described from two males and two females, collected
by Mr. Albert Gregg.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 13 AuGusT, 1887.

ee

2. Strongylazoma poeyi sp. nov.

Dark green, lateral plates and feet pale. Robust, not smooth, shining. An-
tennz subclavate, longer than the width of body. First segment rather large, con-
vex, scarcely punctate. Other segment punctate, transverse suture deep, not
tuberculate. Lateral plates thick and obtuse, scarcely produced, Repugnatorial
pore situated on the posterior third and slightly beneath, sunken. Male: genitalia
long and slender, somewhat expanded and excavated towards the end, which is bifid.

Length of body 27 mm., width 2.3 mm.

Hab.—Havana, Cuba.

This species is described from one male and one female, both in a
rather bad condition. 1 have named this species after its collector-—Dr.
Felipe Poey,-—-who also sent me in the same collection Orpheneus brazi-
liensis, Mecistocephalus guildingis, Scolopendra alternans and Newpartia
longitarsts. s

3. Geophilus salemensis sp. nov.

Frontal plate present; anal pores moderate. Light red, head, antenne, last
segment and feet orange. Robust, slighfly attenuated anteriorly, more strongly
posteriorly, moderately smooth, sparsely punctate and pilose. Prehensorial feet
punctate and pilose ; sternum wider than long (8.6), anterior margin not produced ;
cox scarcely longer than wide (3,5:3), unarmed ; one small tooth. Cephalic plate
longer than wide (7:5,5), suboval, sparsely punctate and pilose; prebasal plate ex-
posed ; basal plate about three times wider than long. Antenne moderate, joints
rather long, two preceeding the last not noticeably shortened, Dorsal plates plainiy
bisulcate ; anterior predorsal plates equal to posterior, median longest ; ventral plates
with a median foveola, sparsely punctate. Spiracles round, anterior large, median
and posterior small. First pair of feet moderately short and slender, anterior and
posterior subequal. Posterior coxee moderately inflated, pilose, pores few and mostly
concealed by the last ventral plate, which is wide, with the sides substraight and
rapidly converging. Pairs of feet of male 51—54, last strongly crassate and densely
pilose, armed ; female 54 -56, last slender, armed and pilose.

Length of body 35—60 mm.; width 1-2 mm.

Hab.— Salem, Indiana.

I have examined five males and four females of this species. It is
more related to Geophilus rubeus Say. :
4. Geophilus setiger sp. nov.

Frontal plate absent ; anal pore large, concealed. Orange, head and antenna
brown. Slender, moderately attenuated posteriorly ; smooth, sparsely pilose. Pre-
hensorial feet sparsely pilose, smooth, not punctate ; sternum wider than lonz (4.3),
anterior margin not produced ; coxee wider than long (2:1.5), unarmed ; one single
acute tooth. Cephalic plate suboval, longer than wide (4:3.5), smooth, sparsely
pilose ; basal plate much wider than long (4:1.3), partly covered by cephalic plate.
Antenne short, joints moderate, two preceeding last subequal. Dorsal plates distinctly
bisulcate ; anterior predorsal plates short, median longer than posterior ; ventral
plates with three longitudinal depressions. Spiracles round, anterior scarcely en-
iarged, rest nearly equal. First pair of feet short, anterior and posterior subequal,
former more robust. Posterior coxze moderately inflated, pilose, pores few (5—6),

‘

—83--
arranged along the ventral plate, which is wide with the side straight and strongly
converging. Pairs of feet of male 43, last moderately thickened, pilose and armed ;
female 45, last rather slender, less pilose than male, armed.
Length of body 18.5—21.5 mm.; width .7 —1 mm.
Hab.—Salem, Indiana.

I have examined a male and a female.

Subgenus ARCHILITHOBIUS.
Lithobius holzingeri sp. noy.

Chestnut brown, head dark, antennz and feet paler. Robust, smooth, sparsely
pilose ; head subrotund ; somewhat wider than long, Antennz moderately long,
joints 20—28, long. Ocelli 15—20, arranged in 5 or 6 series. Prosternal teeth 4.
Coxal pores 3, 4, 7, 3—5, 6, I, 5, somewhat transverse, large. Spines of first pair
of feet 2, 3, 2; penultimate 3, 3, 2; last 1, 3, 2, O—I, 3, 3, 6. Posterior pair ot feet
moderate, in the male the fifth joint is produced on the inner side into a short blunt
pilose lobe. Claw of the female genitalia short, wide, tripartite ; spines short and
stout, subequal.

Length of male 16—21 mm.; female 12—18 mm.

Hab,—Winona, Minnesota.

This species is related to “#odus, but is distinguished from it by the
greater number of antennial joints, coxal pores and the larger size. It is
described from three males and nine females; I have named it in honor

of its collector, Mr. J. M. Holzinger.

An Entomological Curiosity.

By ©} uceur

Once upon a time—about the year 1866—I formed the acquaintance
of a rather peculiar entomologist, in the city of Detroit, Mich, This col-
lector, an Irish-man, had become aquainted with Mr. Andrews of Brook-
lyn, who at that time was very anxious to bind together all American
entomologists with a silken bond spun by the oak-feeding Yamaz mai.
Mr. Andrews’ success was only limited, but Mr, O’M. proved himself
otherwise. He was an unmarried man, q painter by trade, and was living
in a small house in the suburbs of Detroit. This house consisted of two
rooms and a garret, that is to say, it was intended to consist of these
apartments ; they were never finished. Behind the house was a rather
large garden, to furnish him and his mother who kept house (?) for him,
all the necessary vegetable food, if—our friend had not found another use
for this garden. All kinds of plants that would furnish food for caterpil-
lars were there found in dense profusion, but nary a potato, tho’ this fruit
and the imported delicacy, salt-herring, were about the only food ever
consumed inside the house ; however, an occasional loaf of bread brought
variety into this bill of fare.

60 =

Mr. O'M. was the owner of a fine collection of butterflies ; he had
arranged the specimens in a very unique fashion, Carefully leading you
upstairs—and care was quite necessary—you would face a large case,
about 4 feet long, 6 feet deep and 2 feet wide. There was a curtain over
the glass ; after putting you upon a kind of spring-board in some way
connected with the case, he would pull the curtain, and your amazed
eyes would see a wonderful sight. ‘he background of the case showed
a nicely painted landscape ; on the sides of the case were artificial trees
of various kinds, in full foliage ; in the front of the case was a little pond
formed of glass. All the insects in this case were mounted in natural po-
sitions, some were fastened to very long and invisible fine steel-wires, and
were flying (the spring-board giving motion to them); others were resting
in various positions on leaf or trunk. The caterpillars were feeding in
their proper positions, and there was not a leaf upon any of the plants
that did not show the effects of some insects upon them, such as leaf-
miners, etc. All these leaves were cut out of paper, and they were all
carefully painted from nature. Water-beetles and bugs were swimming
in the pond—even the common house-fly could be seen, cleaning itself,
of course, Canthon hudsonias and his ball had not been left out in this
picture of still-life.

A further exploration of this garrett was somewhat dangerous, owing
to several large nests of hornets, which Mr. O'M. had trained as watch-
men, and quite successfully so, as a large bump on my head could vouch
for. House-painting occupying too much time, and preventing Mr. O’M.
from feeding his various pets, the caterpillars, he had evolved a very good
plan of making a living and raising butterflies at the same time. He had
built himself a three wheeled hand-cart, upon which he had a photograph-
ing outfit and breeding cages. According to an agreement I met him one
fine morning outside the city to have a days collecting together ; he with
an eye to business as well. After travelling several miles we came to a
blacksmith’s shop on the road, well shaded by some beautiful old oaks.
A farmer and his wife wished to have their pictures taken. Mr. O'M. put
them in a graceful position against the ivy-covered wall, fixed his camera,
and cried; ‘*Steady.” Then he went through the motion of looking at
a watch—which he did not possess. But just at this critical moment a
beautiful Papilio fhoas hove in sight and—everything about the art of
photography was forgotten, and Mr. OM. was in full chase after this
prize. He succeeded in this but not in the picture. The worthy old
couple stood like posts, and eventually obtained a photograph, but not a
likeness.

-—85—

NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.

By Freperick BLANCHARD.

Dyschirius hispidus Lec. Besides the distinctions given in the
synoptic table in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vel. II, p. 17,
this species is readily known by having only the normal number of seti-
gerous punctures on the thorax, namely, an anterior and a posterior one
on each side, while in se/osws and pelosus there are several intermediate
ones. 4—5 in se/osws; the other I have not seen,

Stenus. Lieut. Casey has said,—Revision of Stenini, p, 5,—that
the tibia are unarmed in this genus, or group, as he prefers to consider
it. ‘Two exceptions have come under my notice:

In Stenus strangulatus Casey, the hind femora of the ¢ are
each armed with an acute tooth inside near the base. The femora are
also all stouter in the <.

Again in Stenus erythropus Mels., the <1 hind tibize have each
an obtuse tooth inside one-fourth from the apex. In this species the meso-
sternum of the -¥ is furnished with a tuft of long yellow hair.

Stenus juno Fabr. This species also has in the <j a mesosternal
tuft of long hair as in ery/hropus, not observed by Lt. Casey, although
mentioned by Fauvel, ‘* Faune Gallo-Rhénane,” III, 246. There is also
a conspicuously longer and more dense pubescence on the basal half of
the posterior femora of the <¥\ on the inner side not mentioned by either
author.

Hister repletus Lec. This species, which appears in the Henshaw
List in the position originally given it by Maj. Leconte, should follow sué-
opacus, it belonging to the section Psi/oscelts and conforming in habits
with the other species, being found in the nests of a small black ant.

Prionus laticollis Drury. The entire surface of the metasternum
and of the hind coxz in the °¥\ is clothed with a long pubescence which
also extends more or less upon the mesosternum and its side pieces. In
the 9 however the hairs are so short and inconspicuous as to give the
under surface the appearance of being quite glabrous. In pocularis both
sexes are similarly clothed beneath with a long pubescence. Of the other
species of the genus I can only say now, owing to the absence of speci-
mens, that the 9 of caljfornicus and the J of tmcricornis are pubescent
beneath, while the 9 of fa/paris has the underside entirely glabrous.

Prionus.—At my request Dr. Horn has kindly sent me the follow-
ing additional notes on the presence or absence of metasternal vestiture :

—

In californicus 3, the pubescence is moderately long over the whole
metasternum. In the Q it is sparser and shorter and usually there is a
triangular median space naked.

P. imbricornis Q is entirely naked beneath.

P. fissicornis J as in imbricornis, Q entirely naked but with the
metasternum more thickly punctulate than in zmdbricornis.

P. palparis Y with a shorter pubescence than has imérivornis, QO as
in wmbricornis.

Homesthesis integer 3 has the pubescence, very short The Q is
naked and quite smooth.

HZ. emarginatus %\, has the pubescence much longer. The Q is as
in wleger.

In Zragosoma Harrisit both sexes are similarly hairy.

Mecas inornata Say. Among three specimens given me many
years ago as S/enostola saturnina, from Vexas, one was found to have the
claws much more deeply cleft and with the inner divisions broad, lobe-
like and rounded and approximate at tip instead of being moderately cleft
with the inner divisions acute. While it is perhaps possible that an ex-
tensive series may show this to be but an extreme variation, it is proposed
that Say’s name be used for this form and Leconte’s name sa/urnina for
the other until evidence occurs to show that they should be reunited. In
examining the Leconte types recently with Dr. Horn it was found that
the type of sa/urnina was of the form referred to above under that name,
The Leconte specimens of zzornmafa averaged a somewhat larger size and
where rather more ochreous in color. The pair of small denuded spots
on the thorax were present and absent in specimens of both forms. Both
sexes occurred of each. In comparing my own single specimen of
mornata, which isa Y, with safurnina, the elytra appeared to be some-
what less punctured and with the punctures becoming obsolete at tip,
while in sa¢urnina the punctures, although finer, are distinct at tip. In
my specimens the size would afford no criterion, they being all about the
same. JZ. mornata is from Dak., Kans., Tex. J saturnina is from
Kans., Tex.

Magdalis armicollis Say. This and fad/da Say are retained as
distinct in the Henshaw List. The latter name belongs to the ¢\ and the
former to the Q and both should be known as armicollis. The jf are
usually darker, either entirely brown, or with the head and thorax dark and
the elytra pale, while the © © appear to be always pale above. The eyes of
the ¥ are a little larger and more approximate above ; the antenna area
little longer, the scape passing back of the front margin of the eyes but in
the © only barely reaching them ; the abdomen is somewhat flattened in

the “and with a rather broad, impunctured, glabrous, median vitta,
bordered with erect hairs, extending from base to apex ; the last ventral is
broadly emarginate and the sixth is frequently visible; the pygidium is
truncate. In the 9 the ventral segments are convex, punctured and
pubescent and the last one and the pygidium are rounded.

Anthonomus pusillus Lec. This species has occurred oc-
casionally in sweeping grass and weeds in May and June in the vicinity
of Lowell, Mass., and lately, June 16, it was found in considerable num-
bers on the Hlelianthemum canadense, or frost weed, growing in dry old
fields. This was described from a single specimen from ‘Texas, which
was undoubtedly a male. The variation in size is very great, some females
exceeding the smallest males six or eight times in bulk, so that unless the
sexes happened to be taken at the same time they would hardly be recog-
nized as belonging to the same species, The males are also generally
darker colored than the females. The tooth of the front thighs is very
strong, that of the middle moderate in size, that of the hind thighs very
minute ; the tibiz are strongly bisinuate inside and the pygidium is con-
vex and perpendicular and a little inflexed below as described of A.
elegans: In both sexes there is a small acute tubercle on the inner side
of the anterior coxze near the apex, but sometimes observed with difficulty
in the more minute specimens on account of the scaly vestiture.

It seems probable that this species breeds in the seed pods of Hei-
anthemum, but I have not been able to verify this.* MLarus hispidulus
has been observed to breed in the seed capsales of Lodelia inflata. Larva,
pupa and imagines, all having been taken from them. It, no doubt,
breeds in other species of Zodelia and here frequently occurs on the flow-
ers of Z. spicata.

Tychius lineellus Lec. This appears to have been described
from females only. In the (¥\ the beak is shorter, coarsely punctured and
striate with a small smcoth space above near the tip and with the antennz
inserted far in front of the middle instead of at the middle as in the Q.
The abdomen is impressed at base and the front tibiae are armed inside

at about the middle with an acute tooth which is absent in the Q.

Barinus cribricollis Lec. In the Bull. Cal. Acad. Sc., II, 6, p.
255, Lieut. Casey has defined the genus Barmus and he has also described
Barinus squamotlineatus from an Il. specimen, sent to him by Mr. F. M.
Webster. I have also what I take to be a similar specimen sent me by
Mr. Webster from Ii]. Dr. Horn and myself have compared my _ speci-
men with Dr. Leconte’s types of Baridepion and have found it to agree

* Since the foregoing was written, larve, undoubtedly of this species, have
been observed in the seed vessels.

ae

well with criricolle. A little further examination showed that the species
lutescens, albescens, lineare and bivillatum described by Leconte under the
genus Barilepion might also be placed in Mr. Casey’s new genus, they
having two connate claws instead of a single claw as in Bardepion proper.
Dr. Horn has informed me later that in the type of a/bescens the claws are
extremely closely connate ; and furthermore that this species is not at all
like Aeare of which it appears as a synonym in the Henshaw List. He
also suggests the possibility of a/bescens and /utescens being respectively

and © of the same species.
ee

CALLIMORPHA.

Will all collectors who may be in the position to do so, please col-
lect as long series of any species of this genus found in their locality as
possible, with the view of getting at the range of variation. Also where
that is possible, obtain eggs or larve in numbers, and raise them to
maturity, preserving specimens of each stage, either blown or in alcohol.
Eggs or larvae forwarded to the undersigned, ‘will be carefully raised, and
duly acknowledged.

A study of the species of this genus recently made, the results of
which will appear shortly if the Proc. U.S. Nat'l Museum, makes it
probable that there are g species instead of three, as our lists now show.
In order either to prove, or disproye this conclusion, I beg my friends
and correspondents in the U. S. and Canada to assist by ‘supplying me
with what notes or material they can. If larvee or eggs are sent, please

send name. of the food plant from which taken. Joun B. Smiru,
U.S. Nat’l Mus., Washingt., D. C.
—__—__+> -+>_______

Cockroaches!

In ‘‘The Entomologist” Vol. XX, p. 47, appears a notice of a book
by Prof. L. C. Miall & Alfred Denny on ‘The Cockroach: An Intro-
duction to the Study of Insects,” and among the quotations from it we were
interested in one from page 27, Uses: ‘‘ Of the uses to which cockroaches
have been put we have little to say. They constitute a popular remedy
for dropsy in Russia; and both cockroach-tea and cockroach-pills are
known in medical practice in Philadelphia. Salted cockroaches are said
to have an agreeable flavour, which is apparent in certain popular sauces !”

May be some of our medical readers from Philadelphia will enlighten
us as to the particular diseases for which these medicaments are used.
Also what price they bring per thousand—though perhaps the writers of
the book can give more information on that score, for it often happens
that European works give startling information on American affairs of
which we are here grossly ignorant. Joun B. Suir.

ie =a
. Apparently New Species of Mexican HETEROCERA.

By Henry Epwarps.
(No. 5.)

_ The species described in the following paper were collected (as in-
deed were the rest of the series) in the province of Vera Cruz by William
Schaus, Esq., Jr., and as I find no reference to them in any books at
my disposal, I conclude them to be new, and so describe them. The
four forms of Sphingidze have been compared by Mr. Schaus himself
with the collections in the B. Museum, and are undoubtedly unknown
to science. In all cases, unless otherwise indicated, several specimens

have been examined.
Kam. SPHINGIDA.
Choerocampa turbata n. sp.

Rather pale fawn color in the ground color of the wings, primaries with a deep
brown, strongly marked, and very characteristic oblique stripe running from the in-
ternal margin near the base, quite to the apex but becoming a little fainter as it reaches
that position. This stripe is geminate, united at the internal margin. There is a
small black discal spot, some darker fawn shades about the disk, and some waved
dark fawn color submarginal lines. The secondaries have their ground color a little
paler than the primaries, with a broad median shade of brown, and the margin
moderately of the same color, becoming obsolete as it reaches the anal angle. Costal
marzin also shaded with brown. Beneath both wings are yellowish fawn color,
covered with numerous black irrorations, and blackish shades, the margins faintly in-
dicated by browni-h bands There is a submarginal row of distinct black spots,
common to both wings. Thorax above olivaceous fawn color, with the sides whitish.
Abdomen wholly fawn color. Thorax, legs, and abdomen beneath, paler than above.
Antennz with the shaft whitish above, pectinations fawn color. Head same color as the
thorax, with the sides whitish.—No. 13. Exp. wings, 68mm. Length of body, 4o mm,

This appears to be allied to C. fugax Bdvy.

Diludia lanuginosa n. sp.

Primaries greenish drab, mottled with brown over the whole surface. There are
indications of 5 slightly waved brown lines, the two nearest the base being only ap-
parent at the costa, the remaining 3 being more distinct—the first slightly arcuate,
and not reaching the internal margin, the second distinctly waved, becoming inwardly
arcuate from median nervure to internal margin, the outer line more deeply toothed,
and from it runs a slightly bent brown line quite to the apex. The fringe is pale
drab, the intersections of the nervures marked with brown. Secondaries very pale
fawn-drab, with brown shade which resolves itself into three brownish slightly dent-
ately-waved bands, none of which reach the anal or abdominal margins. Underside
of both wings fawn-drab, with faint median band common to both wings. Antenne
fawn-drab above, brownish beneath. ‘Thorax concolorous with primaries. Abdomen
olivaceous fawn color, grizzled with black and brown, a faint brown line at the junct-
ion of each segment, and triangular brown patches along the sides of the 3 basal
segments these gradually becoming lines upon the posterior segments.—No. 25.

Exp. wings, 85 mm. Length of body, 42 mm.

Protoparce dilucida n. sp.

Of the group to which Carolina and Cestri belong, but much darker than these
or any other species known to me. The ground color of the primaries appears to be

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 14 AuGUST, 1887.

sordid white, but it is almost lost in the heaviness of the markings. These are blackish
brown, which color occupies the whole of the disk, enclosing a very distinct whitish
discal spot. It is bounded also behind the middle by a waved blackish band, edged
within by whitish, more especially towards the internal margin. Behind this band
are some olivaceous shades, mixed with brownish, and from it proceeds a deeply
dentate black line, reaching to the apex, and edged above with white. There is also
a submarginal whitish dentate band cut by 3 black spots. The fringe is clear white,
intersections of the nervules brownish black. Along the internal margin near the
base is a whitish shade, edged with blackish, the whole surface of the wing being
more or less flecked with blackish-brown scales. Secondaries blackish-brown, sordid
white at base, and a rather narrow sordid white median band. Fringe clear white.
Beneath both wings pale brown. with waved median pale band, surmounted above
with darker shade, which is dentate, and common to hoth wings. Discal white spot
‘very distinct. Secondaries whitish at base along abdominal margin. Antenne
white above, pale brown beneath. Head and thorax blackish-brown, speckled with
whitish, the sides clear white, and a whitish band along base of thorax. Abdomen
above, grizzled, with white band at junction of the segments. Sides with 4 subquadrate
orange spots. The anal segments have these spots represented by a few orange
scales. Thorax and abdomen beneath clear white, feet and legs brown, banded
with white.—No, 21. Exp. wings 100 mm, Length of body, 44 mm.

Isognathus inclitus n. sp.

Primaries blackish with gray shades. Base of the wing, and a large space along
internal margin blackish, mottled with gray scales. Beyond the base on costal half
is a grayish space, enclosing 3 wayed black lines. This space is limited by the
median band which does not reach the internal margin, and from which proceed
towards the inner margin two lines of alternate black and white following the course
of the nervules to the extreme edge. Behind the median band on the costa is a sub-
quadrate gray patch, beyond this a blackish shade, and this is followed by a broad
oblique whitish shade, running from costa to near internal angle, through which the
course of the nervules is marked by alternate black and white points. The apical
region is grayish, with a bright velvet-black patch about 10 mm. from the apex, and
near the middle are two very conspicuous white teeth. The edge of the wing is
deeply notched, and is alternately gray and blackish. Secondaries bright orange,
the margin very broadly blackish, not reaching the anal angle, and terminating in a
geminate bluish gray band, which color also obtains slightly on the extreme margin.
Underside of wings much paler brown with blackish irrorations. Half of the basal
portion of primaries, and a still larger portion of the secondaries, pale orange at the
base. There is a double waved darker band, common to both wings, but lost in the
orange of the secondaries. Antenne, white above, blackish beneath. Thorax black
in front, grayish black on disk, with 4 black lines. Abdomen dull black, posterior
edges of the segments and the sides sombre gray.’ Beneath thorax and abdomen
grizzled. Exp. wings, 105 mm. Length ot body, 50 mm.

This species is allied to 7 Laura Butler, and 7 rimosus Gr.

Fam. AGARISTIDZE.

Eusemia Schausii n. sp.

Rich velvety black. Collar, thorax beneath, and abdomen broadly at the sides
bright orange. On the primaries is a basal streak of orange, extending to the ex-
tremity of the cell, and an oblique sub-apical streak of the same color. In the middle
of the secondaries is a broad streak of orange, almost a point at the base, but widen-

= Hl —

ing out and extending nearly to the margin of the wing. This is of a richer shade
than the patches of the superior wings. Anal tuft black. The markings are re-
peated beneath. Exp. wings, 55 mm. 3 examples.—No. 59.

This beautiful insect has very much the system of coloration of the

species of Joszades.

Fam. ZYGENIDZE.,

Triprocris basalis n. sp.

Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and upper surface of primaries bright brassy
greenish black. Secondaries with wide dull black margins, the discal area sordid
white, seemingly somewhat transparent. Under surface of both wings brassy black,
the whitish patch less distinct than above.—No. 96. Exp. wings, 25 mm.

Ctenucha imitata n. sp.

Head black, with the front orange, with black hairs intermixed. Collar, base
of palpi, pectus, base of femora, lower side of abdomen, and the last segment above,
bright orange. The rest of the body and wings dull brassy black. Lower wings
dull black.—No. 99. Exp. wings, 36 mm.

Nearly allied to C. modulafa Hy. Edw., but abundantly distinct.

Ctenucha scepsiformis n. sp.

Thorax, abdomen, and lower wings, bluish black, Primaries dull black, with a
greenish shade. Head with the front and base of antenne bright crimson. Base of
palpi also crimson, the tips black. Clypeus brassy.—No. 98. Exp. wings, 28 mm.

With the aspect of Sceps7s, and probably uniting that genus with
Ctenucha. It has however no vitreous space in the lower wings.

Lycomorpha augusta n. sp.

Wings a little wider than is usual in the species of Lycomorpha, the antennz are
longer, and with deeper pectinations. It may thus form the type ofa new genus.

Head, antennz, thorax, abdomen and legs bright bluish black. Primaries very
vivid crimson, with bluish black border, very broad apically, narrowing along post-
erior margin, very narrow on interior margin, and a mere line on costa. Apex clear
white. Below this the fringe is dusky. Secondaries dull black, costal edge crimson,
apex white, and fringe dusky. The markings are repeated on the lower side.

Exp. wings, 35 mm.—No. 97.

A very magnificent species. :

Fam. ARCTIIDZ.

Euhalisidota lurida n. sp.

Entire color very pale, testaceous, with a few faint darker dashes, obliquely
from base to apex of primaries, and a dark shade on the middle abdominal segments
of the ¢{. The primaries are sharply produced at the apex in both sexes, and the
lower wings are slightly hyaline. Antenne of the <j dark testaceous, very long, and
deeply pectinated—those of the © are concolorous and simply serrate.

Exp. wings, 52mm. Length of body, 25 mm.—No. 67.

Fam. BOMBYCIDA.

Bombyx habitus n. sp.

Mouse color. Thorax whitish on the disk, and at the sides. Base of the prim-
aries with a white blotch, interrupted by the ground color. The exterior line is also
white, dentate from internal angle to behind the cell, where it is lost in a whitish
cloud, containing a round mouse-colored spot. The space between this and the base

—g2—

is darker than the rest of the wing, especially on the costa. The posterior space is
clouded with white. Fringe concolorous. Hind wings paler than primaries, partic:
ularly at the margin. There is a slight olivaceous cast over the whole upper sur-
face. Beneath, wholly mouse-drab, whitish along the internal margins of primaries.
Feet and legs concolorous. Abdomen with faint traces of paler band.

Exp. wings, 32mm. 1 ¢'.—No. Io.

In color and general appearance somewhat recalling the European
B. popult i. :

Apatelodes diffidens n. sp.

G Pale olivaceous drab, with all the marks and lines rather indistinct. There
is on primaries an oblique line from near the base of costa to near internal angle,
terminating on a sinuo-dentate submarginal line which runs from costa to internal
angle. Between these, there are on costa two short dashes, an apical spot, and a
distinct spot near base of internal margin. These marks are all light brown. The
sub-basal spot on internal margin is bordered outwardly with white, and there are
olivaceous cloudings over the whole surface of the wing. The secondaries are paie

.

drab, with a brown dash on the abdominal margin, edged above and below with
white. Underside has the apex of primaries dark brown with a white streak, and
pale submarginal line. The secondaries have the central portion much darker
olivaceous brown, shading in the centre to dark brown, in the form ofa broad streak,
and limited by a broad and distinct submarginal pale line. Outside ‘of this line the
border has a yellowish tint. The abdominal margin is pale at the base. Thorax,
antennz, legs and abdomen concolorous. ©. In this sex, the whole of the’ gus
above and below, are more pronounced and vivid in color. i
Exp. wings, (43 mm.; 9 51 mm.- No. 72.

Fam. NOCTUIDE.

Dipthera spissa n. sp.

©. Primaries very pale greenish yellow, with the black markings in very strong
contrast. ‘The base is pale, and contains a minute black dot. T. a. line mdicated
by a pale streak, suddenly dentate 6n internal margin, and almost obsolete on the
costa. In front of the line is a dark shade, The t. p. iine is oblique from the middle
of internal margin, to‘about 5 mm. from apex, turning rather abruptly as it touches
the costa, and surmounted by 3 pale oblique streaks. The median space is thickly
clouded with black, leaving the orbicular mark very distinct. Submarginal line
slightly dentate behind and also shaded with black. he posterior margin has deep
teeth between the nervures. Fringe black, except at the nervures, where it is cut
by the ground color. Secondaries smoky, darkest along abdominal margin. Fringe
flecked with white. Head yellowish. Thorax.same as primaries, yellowish green,
with black markings, those of the disk transverse, while the tegu!z bear a lunate
spot, open in the centre, and showing ground color. The abdomen is smoky above,
yellowish at the tip and beneath. Lower side of wings smoky, with yellowish marks
on costa, and posterior margin of primaries. Legs yellowish, ringed with black.
Eyes and antenne jet-black. ©. The markings of the primaries are much less pro-
nounced than in the other sex, and the secondaries and abdomen are clear white,
the fringe marked with black. The underside also is yellowish white throughout, the
black markings of primaries being faintly shown. In one <j specimen the ground
color is clear white with the markings all brownish black, giving the insect a very
different appearance. I cannot however regard it as other than a variety, which
may be known as D. Podlu.c n. var.—No. 87. Exp. wings, ¢' 44mm.; Q 58 mm.

Parorgyia Parallela Gro/e and its Variations.
By Orro Srirrert. New York.

_ While hunting for Noctide at night from July 8th to 13th (Green
County, Catskills), about 12 “Parorgyia” caterpillars were found on the
trunks of Oak trees ; two more specimens were found during the day-time
concealed.under stones at the foot of Oaks; between all these not the
slightest difference was discernible.. They pupated from July 13th to 17th,
save two, ‘which had been infested by some species of Jcrogasier. The
first imago (') appeared July 28th, all the rest during the first week of
August (4 0, 7 QQ).. The difference in the coloration of the moths
was very remarkable, some <\\ and Q © being the typical Parorgya
parallels Giote, others (fo and Q Q) lacking altogether the charact-
eristic dark brown line along submedian vein,

On August Ist a fine typical female and a male without the dark line
were confined ina large gauze-gage, they copulated during the night and
remained so till noon. About 250 eggs in two very regular triangular
patches were deposited by August 3rd; they are smooth, apple-shaped, |
of a whitish-green color and were glued to the leaf by a silvery, shining
mass, intermixed with a few hairs. August roth the eggs turned more
opaque, the slight excavation on the top of the egg seemed deeper with a
dark spot forming in the middle, and August 12th, early in the morning,
they commenced to hatch. The young larve ate their egg-shells.

August 15th. Length of caterpillars when crawling, about 5%, of an
inch. ‘Vhey arrange themselves while feeding in a semi-circle, wholly de-
nuding the leaves of their epidermis ; disturbed, they suspend themselves
on a fine silken cord, and so drop down. During the day-time they con-
ceal themselves on the underside of the leaves. They are whitish, head
dark brown, mouth parts yellowish; all segments with 8 fleshy, hair-
bearing protuberances or warts arranged as dorsal, supra-stigmatal, sub-
stigmatal and pedal lines, the substigmatal warts giving rise to very long
hair, spreading like a fringe. The protuberances on all segments are
light brown, variegated with pale yellow, except on 3rd and 8th seg-
ments, where dorsal warts are whitish. On first segment the two infra-
stigmatal warts are of about twice the size of the others, fleshy and pro-
jecting forward, tipped.with black and bearing long brushes of hair. ‘These
brushes on first segment and the corresponding ones on anal ring are pro-
jecting and of about the size of the larva. Venter whitish, transparent,
showing the line of intestines.

First moult, August 18th. Length, when moving, 34 of an inch.
Ground color greenish-white, also ventral area. Supra-stigmatal warts
yellowish-brown from their base, giving this area the appearance of a

broad brownish line, broken by the segment joints. The two long pro-
jecting brushes on first segment and the less prominent ones on anal seg-
ment are black, while almost all the hair of the larva is of its own pale
color. All the hair is very soft and beautifully feathered in different
patterns, The joint between first and second segment has dorsally a slate-
colored patch. Dorsal warts on first segment have brown tips, those on
second and third are plain ; on fourth segment the dorsal warts bear dense,
even, slate-colored hair-tufts, these dark hairs being a little longer than
the light hair on adjoining warts. Warts on 5th, 6th and 7th segments
tipped with brown, on 8th segment whitish, on gth, 10th, 11th and 12th
segments the brown color prevailing. On gth and on toth segments,
between the dorsal warts, appears a small, pearl-like, yellowish-white ex-
crescence, which the larva is able to retract.—Having been fed only on
different species of Oak leaves before this, Wild Cherry, Beach and Birch
leaves were given, to all of which they took, but preferred Oak to all others.

Second moult, August 22nd. Length, about 5%, of an inch, when
crawling. Larvz look very different after this moult, most so on 4th and
11th segments, where on dorsal warts dense, brush-shaped, dark-brown
hair-tufts arise. ‘The spreading whitish hair on sub-stigmatal warts very
much developed ; gth, 1oth and 11th segments light brown.

Third moult, August 27th. Growth of caterpillars comparatively very
slow ; length, 34; of an inch. Ground color dorsally and laterally dark
slate with narrow, subdorsal whitish line ; stigmatal area and underside
light olive-green. Hair on sub-stigmatal warts whitish ; on dorsal and
supra-stigmatal warts mouse-gray. The two projecting brushes on Ist
segment, a few long projecting hairs on anal ring, and dorsally on 4th and
11th segments a very dense hair-tuft, slightly overreaching the gray hair,
are of a deep, black color. From 4th to 8th segment the vestiture is
densest and richest.

Fourth moult, September 1st. Length about 3 inch. Apppearance
of larvee very little changed. Underside olive-green, legs and pro-legs
lighter, also stigmatal area of a lighter shade.

Fifth moult, September 5th. Length about # of aninch. No material
change took place. Dorsal tufts on 5th and 6th segments and the front
of dorsal tufts on 7th segment profusely mixed with black hair, single
dark hairs interspersed on all tufts. After every moult the hair appears
richer and more feathery, giving the resting insect an almost rounded ap-
pearance. The larva, when disturbed, roll themselves up.

Sixth moult, September roth. None of the caterpillars reaching one
inch in length (measured from head to anal segment always), but they
look almost 4 inch wide with the fringe-like hair.

Seventh moult, September 18th. The full grown larvee before pupating

aaa Sa

measure from 1 (j') to 13 (Q) inch. Head shining, dark brown, rather
hairy, mouth-parts lighter. Ground color dark slate, almost black,
velvety ; stigmatal region light yellowish-gray, almost the color of vestiture;
this color spreads in fine lines across segment-joints ; stigmata whitish,
ventral area almost black ; legs whitish, rather hairy. The hair of the
larva is mouse-gray, feathered and soft. On 2nd and 3rd, but far more
so on 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th segments, the dorsal protuberances are ridge-
like, enlarged but low, and the hair-tufts arising from these large bases
cover the dorsal region of the resting insect entirely ; when moving, only
the joints are visible. Supra-stigmatal warts on first segment without the
feathery hair, the small warts bearing, some plain, spreading hairs, on all
other segments these warts are ornamented besides with bushy rounded
tufts of feathery hair. Infra-stigmatal protuberance with longer, bushy,
fringe-like, spreading tufts ; pedal line of warts similarly provided. The
slender black brushes on Ist segments, which project from the centre of
infra-stigmatal tufts are of about 4 the length of larva and composed of
differently feathered hair ; corresponding to these are a few single black
hairs on anal segment. The black, dense tuft on dorsal warts on 4th
segment slightly overreaching the surrounding hair; dorsal tufts on 5th,
6th and 7th segments mixed with dark hair. On 11th segment the rounded
black tuft arising from the two warts is still higher. The vestiture on gth
and 10th segments is more scant and the larva-skin always visible. The
amber-colored, cylindrical excrescences between the dorsal warts on these
segments are scarcely 3 the length of the adjoining hair. The larva, when
resting, bends the head down, and as the vestiture on the next segments
is richest and longest, the insect gets an almost hunched appearance.

The larvee commenced to form their cocoons September 26th, about
two-thirds went into the pupa state by Sept. 30th; all the rest but one or
two had spun by Oct. 5th. They mostly spin at night; having covered
the resting place first with a fine web, they form a very fine net-work, into
which they twist all their own hair. The cocoon is thin, easily torn, and
of an almost regular, oval shape. The empty larva-skin, stripped of all
its hair often adheres like a tail to the cocoon, which by the peculiarity of
the hair of which it is formed and a few spun threads, is securely fastened
to sheltered places on stones or wood. The pupa itself is about # (j\)
to 1inch (Q ) long, rather stout, ending in a spine with which it is fastened
to the cocoon. ‘The color is light yellow-brown, wing-cases and stigmata
dark brown ; thoracic region, the segment joints and cremaster are brown.
All the warts, even the pedal line, seem to be retained on the abdominal
segments as minutely granulated patches, covered with short hair. ‘The
six dorsal warts on 5th, 6th and 7th segments are represented by six ro-
sette-shaped, lichen-like formations of yellowish-gray color, the two warts

96

on each segment almost confluent with § an oval patch. The chitin-cover
is very fragile.

First imago appeared Oct. 22nd; by November 1st mostly ¥
emerged ; after this time Q 9 predominated. Novy. 28th the last perfect
insect appeared: they generally left the pupa shell after sunset. The
majority of the darker shaded variety appeared first. Altogether 53 ¢\¢
and 44 9 © were the result of this brood, while about 50 larvze hiber-

nated. These stopped feeding after fifth moult ; neither artificial heat nor
the choicest food could induce them to quit their lethargic state. They
were transferred Sept.:22nd to a common flower-pot upon damp moss and
covered with Oak-leaves, then placed outside the window-sill, protected
against rain, snow and the sun by a loosely fitting tin-cover. They
gregariously gathered on underside of the leaves and so passed the winter.

Of the many interesting facts which the rearing of this species reveals,
the most curious is the variation in the coloration of the imagines. . hey
appear in almost equal numbers in two well defined forms, including both
sexes, but most striking in the © individuals.

Exp. 1.25 ton 555. © 1. 5e tome co:

Those specimens belonging to the typical form (Q) (Grote, Proce.
Ent. Soc. Phil., VI), are all easily recognized. They only vary among them-
selves in the more or less profuse brown clouding, the lighter or darker
shade of this brown color on primaries and the intensity of markings.

The aberrant form is entirely destitute of the black longitudinal stripe,
which in the typical specimens runs from the base of the wing to beyond
the t. p. line, also of the black scales on median nervure and fourth median

nervule. The median space is free from all brown clouding, it is *‘olivac-
eous-cinereous, ” often lighter, and always ‘‘sparsely sprinkled with black
scales”; the whitish, more or less prominent discal space, with a more or
less distinct reniform ringlet. Outside t. p. line a part of the brown cloud-
ings is left in the form of a pale brown, narrowing, very variable shade,
which is margined exteriorly by a broader or narrower whitish band, fol-
lowing the brown shade in all its irregularities. Hind-wings like typical
form or paler, discal spot and band often visible. Underneath, band and
discal dots often very plain; often spots obsolete, and bands only indi-
cated by a dark dash from costa. The males are of a darker and brighter
‘‘olivaceous-cinereous” color, hind wings dark gray. In whitish discal
spot on primaries the brown, mostly ‘reniform ringlet always present.
Markings the same as in Q. Underneath dots and bands very distinctly
marked, though often irregular ; sometimes subterminal band is follow ed
by a more indistinct one, or by a row of blunt spots. The males of both
forms taken as a whole look more uniform, since the typical form has no
perceptible brown clouding within median space, and the characteristic
black stripe along sub-median vein is less striking on the darker ground
color. Nevertheless, they are as variable as the females: entirely pale
specimens with faint markings very rare,

Oy
Studies on the North American PROCTOTRUPID&,
with Descriptions of New Species from Florida.
(PART I.)
By Wititiam H. ASHMEAD,
Jacksonville, Florida.

(Continued from p. 76, vol. ITI.)

XVIF. BETHYLUS Latreille.
3 1. Bethylus armiferus Say. Leconte’s Ed. Say’s Works, I, p. 383.
Hab. —Indiana,

bo

24 2. Bethylus celluris Say. |.c. Il, p. 726.
Hab.—Indiana, Florida (Ashm.).
. Bethylus musculus Say. l.c. p. 726.
Hab.-—Indiana.
26 4. Bethylus pedatus Say. l.c. p. 727.
Hab.—Indiana.

we

27 +5. Bethylus centratus Say. l.c. p. 727.
Hab,—Indiana.
28 6. Bethylus prolongatus Proy. Petite Faune Ent. du Can,, II, p. 563.
Hab —Canada.
<9 7. Bethylus formicoides Prov. Add, et Corr. ala Faune Hymn., p. 177.
Hab,—Canada.
XVIII. ATELEOPTERUS Foerster.

30 1. Ateleopterus nubilipennis n. sp.

_

©. Length .12inch. This species resembles a Gonzozus ; it is black, finely
punctate and shining, but without the coarser, scattered punctation so common in
that genus. The antenne are 13-Jointed,. first joint and the legs brownish yellow,
flagellum dark brown. The abdomen is pointed ovate, wings dark fuscous, and
without a marginal or a stigmal vein.

Hab. Florida.

XIX. HOLOPEDINA Foerster.
31 1. Holopedina nubilipennis n. sp.

©. Length .o7 inch. Rufo-testaceous ; eyes brown; antennz 42-jointed, in-
fuscated. Middle of femora and tibiz, and abdomen towards tip, dusky. Wings
dark fuscous, without a marginal or a stigmal vein ; but there is one basal cell.
Hab.—Florida.

Subfamily CERAPHRONIN A.

XX. SYNARSIS Foerster.
XXI. LAGYNODES Foerster.
XXII. CERAPHRON Jurine.
532. 1. Ceraphron macroneurus pn. sp.
of. Length .og inch. Black, shining. Antenne stout, scape half as long as
flagellum, brownish yellow, flagellum dark brown. Legs and abdomen yellow. Wings

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 15 : AUGUST, 1887.

=e

hyaline, the stigma brown, not large, from which issues a very Jong stigmal vein,
forming a narrow radical cell open only at tip.
Hab,—Florida.

A single specimen was raised from an aphis on Iron wood.
XXIII. TRICHOSTERESIS Foerster.

33 1. Trichosteresis floridanus n. sp.

In stature similar to 77ichosteresis clandestinus FYoerst. Black, finely, con-
fluently punctate. Head and thorax sparsely pubescent. Antennz 10-jointed, black,
terminal joint longer than the preceding one. Legs black, knees honey-yellow, tarsi
white. Wings hyaline, not pubescent, the large stigma and stigmal vein pale.

Hab.—Florida.

XXIV. LYGOCERUS Foerster.

34 1. Lygocerus armatus Say.

Ceraphron armatus Say. Leconte’s Ed. Say’s Works, II, p. 724.
Hab.—Indiana.

39 2. Lygocerus stigmatus Say.

Ceraphron stigmatus Say. \.c. p. 724.
Hab. —Indiana.

36 3. Lygocerus floridanus Ashmead.
: Chetrocerus fioridanus Ashm, Trans. Am. Ent. Mo. Proc. 1881, p. 34.
Hab.—Florida.
XXV. ATRITOMUS Foerster.
s7 1. Atritomus rufiventris n. sp.

)

©. Length .10 inch. Robust, black. Antennz pale yellow, scape short,
slightly broadened. Mesothorax smooth, without grooves. Legs pale brown, posterior
femora above infuscated. Abdomen rufous, blackish above towards tip. Wings
hyaline, stigma thick, broad, with a short stigmal vein, nearly parallel with costal
edge.

Hab.— Florida.
XXVI. MEGASPILUS Westwood.

38 1. Megaspilus luceus Prov. Petite Faune Ent. du C., Il, p. 808.
Hab.—-Canada.

39 2. Megaspilus hyalinipennis n. sp.

©. Length .o8 inch. Robust, black, pubescent. Eyes pubescent ; antennze 1o-
jointed, filiform, dark brown, pubescent, first two joints rather short, third and fol-
lowing joints much longer. Legs light brown, the femora and tibia obfuscated.
Wings hyaline, stigma large but pale, with a long stigmal vein,

Hab.—Florida,

Subfamily PROCTOTRUPIN.
XXVII.. PROCTOTRUPES Latreille.

40 1. Proctotrupes caudatus Say. Leconte’s Ed. Say’s Works, I, p. 221.
- Hab.—North West Territory.

41 2. Proctotrupes obsoletus Say. J.c. II, p. 725.
Hab.—Indiana, Canada.

if
to
2

. Proctotrupes abruptus Say. l.c. p. 725.
Hab.—Indiana, Canada.
43 4. Proctotrupes pallidus Say.
Codrus pallidus Say. \.c. p. 725.
Hab. --Indiana.

44 5. Proctotrupes flavipes Prov. Petite Faune Ent. du C., II, p. 562,
Hab.— Canada.

45 6. Proctotrupes rufigaster Prov. l.c. p. 561.
Hab.—Canada.

46 7. Proctotrupes crenulatus Patton. Can. Ent., XI, p. 64.
Hab.—Connecticut.

47 8. Proctotrupes melliventris n. sp.

oS. Length .18 inch. Stature and form of P. obsoletus Say. Head, thorax and
antenne, black. Metathorax, rugosely punctate with a slight median carina. Legs
and abdomen, honey-yellow. Wings fusco-hyaline, a darker colored cloud beneath
stigma.

Hab.—Florida.

Subfamily SCELIONIN 2.

XXVUI. THORON Haliday.
48 1. Thoron pallipes n. sp.

©. Length .o8 inch. Similar to Zhoron metallicus Hal., but smaller. Black,
polished. Antennal scape, pedicel and legs, pale yellowish brown, funicle joints and
the large inarticulate club, dark brown, third funicle joint, very small. Wings
hyaline, veins brown, stigmal vein hardly developed, postmarginal vein wanting.
Hab.—Florida.
XXIX. BAZEUS Haliday.

XXX. ACOLUS Foerster.

49 1. Acolus rubriclavus n. sp.

©. Length .14 inch. Testaceus. Eyes, ocelli and flagellum, red-brown ; first
flagellar joint slightly shorter than pedicel, following three joints very short, club
thickened, inarticulate, but apparently composed of six closely joined joints. Disk
of metathorax convex, black. Abdomen pointed, fusiform, dusky at tip, first seg-
ment longitudinally striate.

Hab.—Florida.

Described from one specimen taken on Ocean Beach at San Pablo.

XXXI. BASONEURA Foerster.

50 1. Bzoneura cinctiventris n. sp.

©. Length .o8 inch. Slender pale brownish yellow. Eyes, the large inarticu-
late antennal club, the disk of metathorax and broad bands at base of second, third
and last abdominal segments, brown. Wing hyaline. Legs, pale brownish yellow,
the femora and tibize slightly dusky in middle above.

Hab. —Florida.
51 2. Beoneura floridana n. sp.

d, Q. Length .14 to .15 inch. A slender, greatly elongated species. Black
rugoso-punctate and pubescent. Antennz dark brown, scape paler, the first funicle

—100—
oe ¢ : c A r ‘ < ee tele :
joint is longer than the pedicel, ¢j' filiform, © ending in six-jointed club Legs
brownish yellow. The slender, greatly elongated abdomen, which extends consider-
ably beyond the tips of wings when folded, is over thrice as long as the thorax,
strongly carinate along lateral margins, and the first and second segments are longi-
tudinally striate. Wings hyaline, the marginal and postmarginal veins are very long,
the stigmal short.

Hab.—Florida-
XXXII. KENOMERUS Walker.

52 1. Xenomerus rubicola n. sp.

3. Length .10 inch, Black, head polished ; antennee filiform with Iomg hairs,
scape short brownish-yellow. Thorax finely punctate, pubescent. with two grooves.
Scutellum convex, rounded behind- Abdomen about as long as the thorax, some-
what narrow. Legs: femora excepting tips, black, tibiee pale yellowish. Wings
hyaline, veins pale, the marginal vein is very long, the stigmal long, curved upwards,
while the postmarginal is also long, one-third longer than the stigma.

Hab.— Florida,

Described from one specimen reared from a dipterous larva, living
in the stems of the black berry Rudus willosus.

XXXII. TELEAS Latreille.

53 1. Teleas sphingis Ashmead.
Hab.— Florida.
This species was described in my work for the Department of Agri-
culture last summer.
54 2. Teleas orgyize Fitch.

Telenomus orgyie Fitch. Eighth Report N. Y. Stat. Ag. Soc. p. 679.
Hab.—New York.
55 3. Teleas dolichocerus n. sp,

d- Length .04 inch. Black, polished. Legs pale brown. Wings hyaline.
Antennz 12-jointed, long, reaching beyond tip of abdomen, dark brown, the fourth
joint is nearly as long as the scape, fifth as long as pedicel, following joints subequal.

Hab.—Florida.

56 4. Teleas infuscatipes n. sp.

ee ©. Length .04 inch. Black, polished, sparsely pubescent. Legs brown
with femora and tibiee obfuscated in middle. Antenne in ,j' long, filiform, third
joint incrassated, © antennze ending in 4-jointed club, joints broader than long.

Hab.—Florida.

XXXIV. PROSACANTHA Nees.

57 1, Prosacantha americana n. sp.

©. Length .06 inch. Robust, black, finely pubescent. Head and thorax
evenly, coarsely punctate. Antennze including scape, black, club 4-jointed. Meta-
thorax with a spine. Legs rufous, all coxee black. Wings hyaline, veins pale, the
marginal vein is not long and the stigmal vein is very short, almost punctiform.
Hab.—Florida.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

Ce
AMERIGANA

NO. 6.

VOL. ll. BROOKLYN, SEPTEMBER, 1887.

Proceedings of the Entom. Club of the A. A. A.S. at the
New York Meeting, August, 1887.

During the meeting the following were present at some or all the
meetings of the Club: Prof. J. H. Comstock, Pres.; Mr. J. B. Smith,
fecw-g, and Vlessrs"C. V. Riley, J. AsLontner, Aq Cook, ‘Geom
Huilst, E..L. Graef; Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Bassett, Geo. Dimmock, J. H.
Emerton, G. W. ]. Angell, P. R. Hoy, Mr.and Mrs; E. D. Southwick,
Wm. Saunders, J. G. Morris, A. S. Fuller, Wm. Beutenmiiller, F. B.
‘Chittenden, Mr. and Mrs, E.:W. Claypole; Dr. Maury,. Mr. Ey C. M.
Rand, and several others who failed to register.

Tuesday, August oth, 1887.—Club called to order at 2:30 P. M.
P-of. Comstock, the President, in the chair, 15 persous present. In the
absence of the Sécretary, Mr. Reed, Mr. J. B. Smnith of Washington was
elected Secretary pro fem. Prof. Comstock then read his annual address,
giving a history of the various systems of classification of Insects since the
tine of Linnzeus, and especially dwelling on the more recent subdivisions
of some orders by Brauer and Packard. He explained the difficulues in
the way of too minute subdivision, and the peculiar associations caused
by the wide definitions of our older authors,

He exhibited tabular statements of the various classifications, and
diagrams of some of the structural differences upon which some of the
systems were based.

Finally, he said, it left him somewhat undecided, and at a loss, with
a decided disinclination to accept all the subdivisions proposed. *

* As the substance of this address is to appear at an early date in the initial
numbers of a new Introductory work of Entomology it is not printed here.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. Von. 117 16 SEPTEMBER, 1887.

—LO2———

Prof.C. V. Riley, commenting on the address, said the paper was an
important one, and he fully realized the difficultiés-in coming to_a final
and satisfactory conclusion, | For his part he liked the old classifications,
based on the trophi and pterostic characters. ‘They had the merit of being
well defined and easily limited. He did not believe in the creation of
numerous orders, but would rather consider them aberrant groups or
sub-orders, if necessary. Classification however for some time to come
must be a matter of opinion. Many classifications have been proposed
since that of Linnaeus, have had their day, and have been forgotten... He
had the highest respect for Dr. Brauer, but: did not entirely agree with
him. He did not thmk too much stress ought to be given to the adcles-
cent states, which, more than anything. were subject to independent
changes by the environment. ‘There was difficulty in recognizing the
Dermoptera as belonging to the Orthosfera, but he believed they should
be considered rather as a sub-order than an order, He did not feel like
placing the 7Aripide for instance on an equality with, say the Zemiplera,
and did not believe in the creation of orders with few species or genera
—he would rather consider them as aberrant members of a class. Classi-
fication after all is only a means to an end, and whatever may be ultimately
adopted, embryology will give many important guides in questionable
cases, and will modify our views of the relationship of species.

Mr. J. B. Smith said he was glad Prof. Comstock had chosen the
“subject he did, for he bad long wished that the gist of Brauer’s classifica-
tion could be presented in an accessible form to American students, and
Prof. Comstock’s paper did that to some extent. He agreed thoroughly
with Prof. Riley in his estimate of the value of the adolescent stages. In
the Lepidoptera for instance the larvae of A/pia, Psvchomorpha and Lu-
dryas are scarcely distinguishable, while the imagoes certainly belong to
different families. He thought it required considerable courage often, to
carry out consistently the idea of giving value to structure, irrespective of
number of species or genera. In the Coleoptera only they have consist-

ently based families on structure, whether there was one species or
thousands.

Prof. Comstock stated that at the standing committee meetings he
had announced the hour of meeting of the Club at g A. M., and asked
the pleasure of the meeting as to further dates. After some discussion it
was decided to meet at 9 A. M. on the 1oth, and to decide at that time
on future dates.

Under the call of papers, Mr. Smith read from printed proofs a paper
on the species of Callimorpha, prepared for the U. S. Nat'l. Mus. Proc.,
illustrated by blackboard sketches. He made g species of the American

forms instead three as heretofore recognized, and pointed out the differ-
ences between them, making the pattern of maculation the criterion of
his species.

Mr. Graef expressed his dissent from Mr, Smith’s views, and showcd
how in his opinion the maculation could be so modified as to produce
the different forms.

. Prof. Riley commenting on Mr. Smith’s paper said that he did not
agree with him at all. He thought that there was but a single white
species and possibly there may be three rather well marked species, with
three moderately well marked larval ferms. He said that in variation
not only color changes but sometimes the patterm does, also, Especially
is this true in forms that have more than a single brood annually. He
instanced cases in the Zimscide, where forms appear, so different in
pattern that there seems no possible connection between them, but bred
from the same hatch of eggs. ;

Mr. Hulst also expressed his dissent from Mr. Smith’s views. He
thought that the variability of other species in the Avchide was well estab-
lished by breeding, and it should be at least considered probable that
other species in the same group varied as much, He had taken speci-
mens numerously, and itseemed to him that he had taken forms from the
lightest to the darkest under such circumstances as to make it very cer-
tain they were one species.

Mr. Smith replied briefly, admitting the possibility that the white
forms may be aibino forms of dark species but again emphasizing the
differences in pattern as indicative of specific value,

Mr. Hulst stated that Mr. Bruce had taken an insect in New York
which Mr. Edwards after examination said must be new and allied to
Serarctia. Before dying the moth had laid some ezgs, and larve haich-
ing from them seemed rather unlike anything known to Mr Bruce—he
took them with him to Colorado, where they completed their transforma:
tion, giving forth Spi/oscena virginica. ara A
Prof. Riley said in addition to his previous statements that species
sometimes vary in certain definite directions, He also called attention to
the fact that Mr. Smith had described a new species of Zwery/hra, while
that same form had been bred from the same larva with Z. phasma.

On behalf of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Mr, Angell welcomed the mem-
bers to the city, and anounced that arrangements had been made to join
the Botanists in their excursion to Highlands in N. J. and distributed
tickets and circulars giving date and place of starting.

On motion of Dr. Morris the meeting adjourned until Wednesday,
August roth, at g A. M. say 4

August roth.—Club met at g:20 A. M., 14 members present, Prof.
Comstock in the chair. The minutes of the previous meeting were read
and approved, and the officers for the next meeting were elected as fol-
lows :. President, Mr. J. B. Smith, Washington, D. C.; Vice-President,
Prof. J. A. Lintner, Albany, N. Y.; Secretary, Prof. A. J. Cooke, Lansing,
Mich. It was then resolved to meet again, immediately after the ad-
journment of Section F on Thursday. .

Prof. Comstock appointed Messrs. Smith, Cook and Hulst a
committee to obtain papers aud prepare programmes lor the meetings of
the Club.

Mr. Bassett asked whether any one could tell him positively how
many broods of the Currant Worm there are annually.

Prof. Cook said in Michigan there are two; Dr. Morris said two
near Baltimore ; Prof. Riley said probably three in the South—this is not
certain, for the insect is rarely injurious there, and attracts less attention,
he believes that from information he has received, but that northwardly
where it is injurious, there are two broods only. Prof. Comstock said
they have two broods. :

Mr. Bassett said that until recently he had believed the same, but
last Summer a friend brought him every few days eggs and larve in all
stages throughout the season—whereat he was very much surprised and
thought it indicated more than two generations.

Prof. Riley replied that this was true—they did appear in that way
but that was meyely a difference in the time required for development,
some running through their transformations much more rapidly than
others. There are however only two well marked broods which overlap
and leave probably none or only a short interval between them.

Prof. Cook confirmed this statement. They have in Laboratory ex-
periments carried over the pupze of the spring brood until the following
Summer, and in the same way the Coddling moth has been carried over.

Prof. Cook asked for information regarding the whereabouts of the
early broods of the Hessian fly—stating that he failed to account for the
large numbers there appeared, by what he found in Volunteer wheat, and
that he had found them nowhere else.

Prof. Rilev said the subject is too large a one for discussion in the
few minutes before adjournment and proposed an adjournment of the
matter, to which Prof. Cook agreed.

Mr. Angell on behalf of Mr. E. L. Graef invited the members to an
informal reception at his house in Brooklyn.

The meeting then adjourned to Thursday, after the adjournment of
the Biological Section.

Thursday, August r7th.—Club met pursuant to adjournment, 18
persons present, Prof. Comstock in the chair.

Mr. Saunders of Ottawa gave a brief review of what had been done
recently in the way of establishing Experiment Stations in Canada, at
which Entomology in its relations to Agriculture formed one of the sub-
jects of Experiment. Five Stations are proposed—a central station at
Ottawa, a 2nd in the Maritime Provinces, a 3rd in Manitoba, a 4th in
the N. W. Territory and the sth in British Columbia. At the Central
Station an Entomologist—Mr. Fletcher—has been appointed, and a col-
lection of Insects of all the sections will be formed there. It is intended
also that Bulletins be issued several times in the course of the year to
interest the public in the work and demonstrate its general utility. He
had been travelling «bout a great deal during the past year and had done
little Entomological work ; but he had noticed this Spring near Ottawa
the larva of Vanessa antiopa in immense numbers, stripping willows. It
is not usually common with them. In Nova Scotia he saw Satyrus alope
and nephele in great numbers, with all sorts of intergrades between. He
also found the potato beetle there, which appears in this section for the
first time. ‘The growers there follow the old fashioned plan of knocking
them into a pan with a stick.

Dr. Morris stated that Criocerus asparaga had reached them at
Baltimore and proved very destructive.

Mr. Saunders said it was not yet found in Canada,

Prof. Comstock said he had found it as far West as Geneva, N. Y.
The insect seems to have started from Long Island.

Prof. Cook said that the method of knocking the potato beetles from
the plants with a stick, is both old and new, for one of the largest growers
of potatoes in his section of the country had returned to it after trying all
kinds of poisons. He claimedit was cheaper for him to destroy them in that
way and while Prof. Cook did not understand how this could be possible,
yet this farmer claims it is so and follows out his belief,

Mr. Saunders said that in the Maritime Provinces, Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick, he found the larch saw-fly (Nematus erichsoni), ex-
tremely abundant and destructive.

Mr. E. C. M. Rand of New York exhibited some specimens of Co-
leoptera taken from a mummy, and suggested they might be of interest,
as perhaps old types. The mummy dated back at least as far as 1200
B. C., and he explained the number of wrappers and method of covering,
and stated that channels had been made in the wrappers, and in these
some of the beetles were found.

—106—

Various suggestions were made by the gentlemen present but none
cared to make positive identifications. *

Prof. Claypole explained the use of Gasoline for collecting purposes.
He finds that it acts more rapidly than Cyanide and is more certain of
effect than chloroform. For Museum pests there is nothing superior.
It does not hurt the insects in any way and he has no hesitation in sub-
merging his choicest species in it. To rid a badly infested case he sub-
merges it entirely in Gasoline for a few minutes A few drops wil kill a
Cecropia instantly. He also exhibited an insect case used by him which
he claims superior to any equally cheap contrivance. It consists of a
box frame into which a glass top is permanently fixed. The bottom is
corked, or not as desired; is filled with insects, and then screwed to
the frame.

Prof. Cook said he has tried Gasoline and found it much less rapid
and certain than Cyanide well prepared. He does not believe in it at all.

Mr. Smith objected to Prof. Claypole’s case that it was too incon-
venient to use as to get at an insect meant unscrewing the bottom and
replacing it. A collection so preserved was useless except for the most
superficial comparisons,

Prof. Comstock explained a contrivance to watch the early stages of
‘Hymenoptera nesting in stems. He took a number of?tslender glass
tubes covering them with an outer sheet of a dark paper, and hung them
on bushes frequented by such bees. He exhibited several of these tubes
in which bees had nested, containing larva in various stages of develop-
ment. The whole life history can thus be watched with very little
trouble.

Mr. Smith read a paper on the specific characters in the genus
Arctia.**

The date of the first meeting for next year was then discussed, ex-
perience having shown that the first meeting as now held, on the day pre-
ceding the general meeting of the Ass'n, was generally poorly attended,
and the Presidents’ address read to empty benches. .

After some discussion is was resolved to have the first meeting of the
Club in future at g A. M. of the first day of the meeting of the Ass’n.

* The specimens were handed me at Prof. Riley’s request for comparison and
determination. Mr. Schwarz kindly took the work off my hands, and makes the
Specimens : Anthrenus varius (one broken specimen); Conprefes sp. (two broken wing-
cases); Gzbbium scotias (several specimens); Laszoderma serricorne (one specimen
[but this was the form most numerous in the wrappings] ) ; A4/p/ztobius sp. ? (one
broken wing-case); 77tbolium ferruginum (1 specimen); ? Cadcar sp. (one wing-case).

** Published in full in Ent. Am. Vol. III, p. 109-112.

== WO se

Dr. Maury of Goshen stated that the larva of Agrofis messoria and
a Wire-Worm had done great injury to the Onion Crop in his vicinity,
and asked whether any serviceable remedy had been discovered.

Prof. Riley referred him to the recent Reports of the U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, where all the known remedies as applied to this
species were treated in detail.

On motion of Prof. Cook the Club adjourned to g A. M., Friday,
August 12th,

friday, August 12/h.—The Club: met pursuant to adjournment,
Prof. Comstock in the chair. Prof. Riley gave a short history of the dis-
covery of the 9 of Phengodes. To his idea they represent the most
thoroughly undeveloped 9 that we have any knowledge of. He knows
of no instance in which it is so difficult to distinguish between the beetle
and the larva than in these cases. He showed figures of the various
forms of 2 Q and larve known to him. Between the 4th and 5th seg-
ments, and on all the others to the last, there are spiracular openings,
which seem to be glands of some kinds, since they have no internal
opening. What they are, he cannot tell. Another point is, that the in-
sect probably requires only one year to go through its transformations,
and the reason it has been so seldom found, is that it is subterranean,
feeding on ulus and Polydesmus and only comes to the surface when it
has attained the adult form, ‘The natural history of Phengodes and Zar-
hipes is yet very incomplete. Of the 9 the imago and the small larva as
well as the egg is known, but no voung of the <j\.* :

Prof. Riley also spoke on Pronuéda and its connection with the pol-
lination of Jzcca. He has published nothing on the subject since the
paper in the Proc. A. A. A. S., but he has experimented annually since
then and he emphasizes the fact that Pronuba is the only creature that
does and can fertilize the plaut. One interesting fact :—while in the be-
ginning he was led to believe, and in fact suggested, that many of the
actions of the moth were selfish and unconscious, he is now convinced
it has no reason save the desire to propagate. It does not derive any
benefit from the liquor. Trealease showed there was no nectarine in the
stigmatic liquor. What there is of that nature is secreted and empties
outside of the flowers. His own observations confirm all Trealease has
published. Of the insects found on the flowers Chauliognathus with its
snout-like mouth would seem well fitted for possible fertilization, but it
gets its food outside of the pistil. Pronuba gets the pollen in a lump
and trusts it in. He finds that it is possible to fertilize the flowers artifici-

* Prof. Riley read a communication on the same subject before the Biological
Section of the Association, in which details of the discovery of the Q were given. A
complete paper on the subject is also in course of preparation by Prof. Riley.

—108—

ally—but it is difficult to do so and get good fruit. It is always more or
less imperfect. Pronuba always succeeds. It makes two or three punct-
ures, and gets all around the tube, bringing the pollen into contact with
every part of it. There are from 4—500 Yuccas in the Dep’t Grounds
where he passes daily, and during the entire season he found but a solitary
bee on two successive mornings and none of the others in the Dep’t ob-
served any. ‘This bee was not inside, but tried to get at the nectar from
the outside of the flower.

Mr. Bassett asked whether this is ever repeated—whether a flower is
visited by more than one moth, Prof. Riley thought not—but it may be.
He has no direct evidence on that point.

He also spoke of a new species of Zecamium found on the Austria
pine, in Wisconsin, of which the males were numerous. ‘The males of
this species have been heretofore found very rarely and of many they are
entirely unknown, In France the 1 of Lecamium hesferidum has been
found in the body of the Q which it never leaves. It is a very much de-
graded form.

Prof. Riley.quoted Moniez’s observations on this species as given in
the Ent. Mo. Mag. for July 1887, showing the development of the
and the bearing of the discovery on the question of parthenogenesis. He
remarked upon the fact that discoveries are often made in widely different
localities by observers, of the same facts, instancing several cases where
at about the same time males of this genus have been discovered, Mr.
Koebele has in California reared the males of two different species having
wings and other distinctively male characters.

He also said that he finds Criocerts asparag? extending South—it has
been found at Falls Church, Fairfax Co., Va.

The present year there has been a most rematkable swarming of
Apatura celtis in the Southern States. These migrations generally take
place in the Fall, but this was in the Spring. The only way of accounting
for it is that the conditions where unusually favorable for their hiberna-
nation and development.

Prof. Cook said they have many J’ucca filamentosa and he has found
bees on them very abundantly. So far as he knows they have not the
Pronuba in Michigan.

He had not noticed particularly what part of the flowers the bees
visited.

Prof. Riley said that in Colorado on a species of Y#cca he discovered
a most remarkable species of Pronuéa, flat-bodied with dusky wings, look-
ing almost like a cross between a saw-fly and a Phrvganid.

(LO BE CONTINUED.)

What Makes a Species in the Genus Arctia.*
By Joun B. Smitu.

Mr. Stretch has asked this question, not so long ago, and answered
it in a manner eminently unsatisfactory to himself and to others. He,
however, gave in great detail a list of features which are zo/ sufficient to
make a species; including in this category maculation or color of second-
aries, of abdomen, and of primaries to some extent. Messrs. Hulst and
Neumoegen have discussed the question of specific identity of some forms
recently, and they have not agreed in result at all.

In arranging the Nat'l. Museum material, I followed the order of Mr,
Grote’s List, and while putting in the species tried to discover the reason
for the sequence adopted—without much success I must say. It appeared
to me then, that a better scheme was possible—something like that pro-
posed by Mr. Stretch in his book on the Zygzenidee and Bombycide. I
think too, that I found an answer to Mr. Stretch’s question, which will
decide many cases, and that is, that specific characters are found in modi-
fications of the pattern of markings of the primaries. The secondaries
may be indifferently red or yellow, sometimes black—the body may be
maculate or immaculate, without affecting the species ; but the pattern
of markings of primaries remains constant. The markings may vary
very largely in completeness, but some peculiarity—the specific character—
sticks. I will now say however that I have not examined the species in any
way except as to maculation, and while I am confident that other and better
characters will yet be discovered, yet still they will, Iam equally confident,
confirm the conclusions reached from a careful study of the maculation.

According to pattern of maculation the first series in the genus would
be that in which all the veins are marked with yellow or white. All of
these species have toward the outer portion of the wing a = shaped mark.
Virguncula and quensellw differ at once from all the others of the group
by lacking the transverse line at the back of this W. All the others have
this line in more or less perfection. Virguncula is large, broad winged,
with yellow secondaries. Quenselii is small, narrower winged, with gray
secondaries. The synonomy of the latter is involved. ‘The species have
the pale lines narrow, as is also the pale margin.

The next point of difference in maculation which will serve as a
basis of further subdivision is in the cross bands. Usually there are two
of these, sometimes three and they are very variable in extent and in
completeness. Yet, variable as they are, they afford a safe character—so
far as my observations go at least. In the first series none of these cross
bands ever go de/ow the submedian pale streak. Ifa line is partly ob-

* Read before the Ent. Club A, A. A. S., August, 1887, reprinted as part of the
Proceedings of that Club.—Eb.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, II. 17 SEPTEMBER, 1887.

——T tO—

solete, it is the lower part that is first lost and the upper portion is present.
In no case are all the transverse lines entirely wanting.

In the second series some one of the transverse lines a/zways comes
below the submedian pale streak. This is invariable. Sometimes the
outer two lines join at the streak and a single spur crosses the line to the
margin or at least to the internal vein. The basal band when present,
also crosses this streak. Ifa line is partly wanting, it is the upper por-
tion, while the lower portion is distinct. In all specimens I have seen,
some one of the lines, usually the outer, is distinct.

To the first section containing species in which the transverse bands
do not cross the streak, belong rectinea, anna, with the variety perse-
phone, virgo and saundersit, and possibly some of the species unknown
to me—for I want to say right here that I have made no attempt to classify
the species not known to me either autoptically or through a figure ; this
paper being intended to be suggestive merely.

Rectilinea differs from all of these in having the transverse line rigid,
and even—resembling fAydira very strongly indeed in the heavier macu-
lation, and differing only in the pale veins.

The other species all have the transverse lines more or less irregular
and bent, never rigid, and except the outer they are quite generally more
or less wanting.

Virgo is the largest of these species, with red underwings, and with
the latter maculate outwardly and basally.

Parthenice, the saunderst’ of Mr. Grote, is very closely allied, but
smaller, and so far as I have found, without the basal maculation of
secondaries, the outer spots being closely as in wrgo. I believe with Mr.
Hulst that Kirby's species referred to this smaller form and not to virgo.
Mr. Stretch’s iz/ermedia is not a synonym of this species as Mr. Grote
classes it, but belongs to the next section.

Virgo appears very rarely with yellow secondaries. Anna has black
secondaries, while its variety, fersephone, has them yellow with black
outer margin, sometimes broken into spots, and connecting with the black
form by an infinite series of variations. Though first described, avna is
much the rarer form.

The second of the sections, with the transverse band coming below
the longitudinal stripe contains zn/ermedia, of which sé¢refchit Grt., is a
synonym, dahurica, edwards, achaia, and possibly complicata.

Lntermedia is the largest of these, and rather a larger-winged form in
appearance, with a few outer spots on the red secondaries. S7re/chit is
the form in which the basal band is distinct, but in a large series of Texan
specimens this feature isseen to bea very gradually evanescent character,
all sorts of intergrades being found. In fact, the form figured by Stretch

Ce

as in/ermedia shows an indication of the basal band. Dahurica and ed-
wardsw are identical, and differ notably in the very uneven, rather tremu-
lous—if such a term is allowable—transverse lines. ‘The secondaries are
more profusely spotted. Achaza is a more robust, shorter winged form,
with more rigid lines, the secondaries with a strong tendency to become
yellow, the black markings heavy, basal as well as outer, and sometimes
suffusing the entire wing.

The other species known to me, in which the veins are all pale, are
arge and michado, easily distinguished by the broadly pale margins and
the broad stripes—in fact in some forms of age the pale markings be-
come so broad, that the black is fragmentary, consisting of angular marks,
and it is not always easy to make out the pattern. J/chabo may be a
good species. It is much redder than any ange I have seen, and the
markings are not nearly so broad; and, while in arge the tendency
seems to be toward albinism, and reducing the black to fragments,
michaéo retains the pattern intact and the tendency is rather to melanism,
the pale markings becoming more or less obsolete. On the other hand
dione A. & S., which Mr. Neumoegen has recently restored to rank as
a species, is unquestionably a synonym of arge. A long series of Texan
specimens, from the extreme of immaculate forms both as to body and
secondaries and pallor of primaries, shows a regular and unbroken series
to our more typical northern form. Mr. Neumoegen unfortunately had
only the extreme Texan form and that certainly looks different at first
sight, but with between 30 and 40 specimens, most of them from Texas,
the gradation is easy and the relationship apparent.

The remainder of the species known to me have the veins not pale,
the median vein only being sometimes discolored. The same type of macu-
lation exists as in the previous group, and the same divisions are possible.

The first series is that in which the markings are usually complete,
well defined, and the transverse markings—the second band at least—
come below the submedian streak.

The species are first: wcorrupla, mexicana, geneura, nevadensis,
arizonensis, behrit, and autheola, which are probably all one, or at most
two species, to which also some of those not known to me may be refer-
able; and second, superba and bolandert, which appear .to be good
species. Bolandert has very much the markings of zzcorrupfa, but has an
additional band nearer to base of wing, which I have seen in none of the
preceding species. In superba, all the markings are very narrow and fine.

In the first series above enumerated there is great variation in the
ground color, some in the width or partial obsolescence of the bands,
and a sexual difference in the color of the secondaries. I feel tolerably
certain that there is only a single species, and not a very greatly variable

ei

one at that. In the other groups of this section, the transverse lines
never come below the submedian streak. There are a few species here
and probably a number of others with which I am not acquainted.

Phyllira is always easily distinguished by the rigidly oblique trans-
verse lines, the two outer lines being nearly parallel. The W may be
more or less obsolete and so may the inner cross band, but the rigidity
of the lines is always traceable.

Cervinoides is closely allied, but is smaller. I know it only from
Strecker’s figure.

figurata is aiways distinguishable from phy/iira by the lack of rigidity
in the transverse lines, the outer line being usually somewhat bent in the
middle, and the two lines slant in opposite directions. The W is more
usually obsolete in this than in the phy/ira form and thus we get
F. palhda Strk., in which it is wanting entirely. The secondaries of this
species have generally a broad black margin, never broken up as in phyd-
lira, and sometimes the secondaries become entirely black, and thus ‘ve
get excelsa Neum.

Finally is a series of species, closely allied in which there is no W
but an >< beyond the middle.

These are celtz, nats and decorata, the two latter at least of which,
are forms of the same species, whether the first is, or not, Iam not cer-
tain—perhaps I have mistaken its type. At all events the pattern of
maculation is very distinct from that of the other species. I have no idea
that the interval between this and the phy/lira series can be bridged. There
is a sharply defined sexual difference in color and wing form in zazzs and
the secondaries also vary considerably in maculation. Sometimes it is
spotted only—generally in the males—at others thereisa wide black margin,
often taking up half the wing—this is the tendency in the Q, which is
also as a rule much redder than the ¢. On the primaries the tendency
is to an obliteration of the outer x and attendant marks, leaving only the

submedian stripe—and this variation is the only one shown by the species.

The other species I do not know sufficiently to care about discussing
them. I will again finally declaim the idea of making critical notes on
the genus as a whole. My only idea is to call attention to some charac-
ters which do not seem to have been sufficiently emphasized heretofore,
and to express my conviction that the species of Avc/a are not nearly so
variable as has been supposed and that every good species is capable of
accurate definition. A goodly number of species have been described
from single, somewhat aberrant examples, and the names hang on in the
lists, though the species may have been recognized as synonyms long
since—especially is that true of the ausheola group, in which Mr. Neu-
moegen has done some judicious lumping recently.

—113—-

Notes upon some of Mr. Walker’s Species of Geometride.
By Gro. D> ursz:

Not long since by the kindness of Dr. Packard, I received from him
for study, some 36 colored drawings, prepared for him in London, of
types of American Geomefride in the British Museum collection, Dr.
Packard had these drawings when he prepared his Monograph, and some
of Walker's species were thus made known to us, and these, with others
not identified, were represented in his plates at the end of the Monograph.
From a study of these drawings I make the following notes after com-
parison with material in my possession.

Caberodes antidiscaria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 1513, 1862).
I find, I have been mistaken in my determination of this species from
the figure in Packard’s Monograph; and as a result I redescribed it, as
Endropia lentaria. The species seems to be a good one.

Endropia tiviaria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 250, 1860), seems
from the drawing to bea variation of 2. oé/usarra Hiibn. But the drawing
does not seem in coloration to agree with the description of Walker. As
it stands, however, I would call it a variety of Z. oJ/usarca Hitbn, The
description seems to be nearer than the drawing.

Azelina rectisectaria H. Sch. (Aus. Schm., f. 325). Under
this name Herrich-Schaeffer describes an insect from Brazil, which is, I
think, the insect afterwards described as A. galissaria by Walker. The
colored drawing does not show’ this insect to be so pinkish as many 2
specimens from Florida. Among my (‘Qj however I have specimens
exactly agreeing with Mr. Walker's insect, except that they do not have
pectinated antenne. But for this I would look upon it as a not very
aberrant variety of A. hudnera/a, so far as the males go, but with the fe-
males quite considerably differing. At any rate I would take Walker's
zalissaria to be a synonym of rectisectarta H. Sch.

Selenia alciphearia Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 184, 1860).
This is not the insect represented by Dr. Packard’s figure and descrip-
tion, but is the same exactly with Se/enza kenfaria Grt. and Rob. So the
latter name falls. Of the insect which Dr. Packard supposed to be S,
alciphearta, I have never seen a counterpart; but it is very close to the
spring form of Walker’s species, and that is what it possibly is. As with
the European species the two broods very materially differ.

Geometra inclusaria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 508, 1861.)
This is without doubt the same as the insect afterwards described as
Aplodes rubrolineata by Dr. Packard. The red edging to the wing is
somewhat heavier in the more southern specimens.

—114—

Acidalia impauperata Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 721, 1881).
This, from the description and drawing, I would not think to be distinct
from A. inductafa, Guen. Mr. Walker in the description says the median
line runs through the discal point, but the drawing does not correspond
with this description.

Semiothisa zquiferaria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 886, 1861).
This is in my mind, beyond doubt, the same insect that was afterward
named S. ézszgna/a Walk., and under which name it is now generally
known. Dr. Packard says (Mon. Geom. p. 295), that A/acaria postrema
Walk., is described from a rubbed specimen of this same species.

Acidalia tacturata Walk. (C. B. M. p. 721, 1861). This spe-
cies, | am strongly inclined to believe, is a varietal form of Ephvru pen-
dulinaria Guen. I have some specimens of the latter which duplicate it
in every way but in the absence of the discal ringlet. But in view of the
uncertainty, we let it remain as it has been.

Napuca orciferaria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 1693, 1862).
For notes upon this species see Piasiane aberrafa Hy. Edw. above, Vol.
Mies. 2 23: .

Tephrosia scitularia Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 406, 1860),
is very Close to Crdaria caméricaria, and it is quite likely that it is a syn-
onym of that species. But in view of the doubt we look upon it as a
good species, till further comparisons are made.

Cidaria inclinataria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 1727, 1862),
is in my opinion the insect alterwards described as Larenfia perlineata by
Dr. Packard, (Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., XVI, 19, 1874). It is figured by
Dr. Packard (Mon. Geom. pl. 8, f. 25) as Epirrita perhineata.

Eupithecia implicata Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 1241, 1862).
This, from the colored drawing, I would not hesitate to believe to be the
insect afterwards called £. mzserudata by Mr. Grote.

Tephrosia abraxaria Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 403, 1860),
is a synonym of Boarmia crepuscularia Treit.

Anaitis continuata Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 1445, 1862),
is the same as Azaitis orillata Walk., (C. B. M. Geom _ p. 1740, 1862).
Dr. Packard places the insect under Phasiane, and it is known in col-
lections as Phastane orillata Walk. The latter will have to give way to
the older name however, and the species be known as Phasiane continuata
Walker.

Selenia zesionaria is beyond doubt a synonym of Ayperetis ami-
carta H. Sch. (myssarza Guen.). As far as the returns are in, this species
has been described eleven times, in five genera, being thus a good

third, with Caberodes confusaria Hiibn., in advance, described under four-
teen names, in four genera, and Semiothisa granitafa Guen., leading, de-
scribed under eighteen names, in six genera, and in three subfamilies!
I speak of this not with any thought of disrespect towards the systema-
tists of the past, but to bring out two points: Ist, the extreme variability
of the species, and 2nd, the extreme uncertainty of the place of a species
under the different systems of classification. The three great systems of
Herrich-Schaeffer, Lederer, and Guenée, very widely differ from each
other. The same names are to a great extent used for genera by all,
but in each case they often have very different meanings. And _ insects
are tossed about according to the Author that is followed. If the new
system of Von Gumppenberg ever obtains a standing, it will very materially
add to the confusion. As it is, one may put a Geometer in almost any
of the older genera, and be sure he can find some systematist to quote as
an authority for the reference.

—_——+ > -<_—_-

Synopsis of the North American Species of Lordotus.
By D. W. Coguitiettr, Los Angeles, Cal.

Pe Seutelumi mot arooved. rounded elimi ype ereletehe eet elt tere siete eet Ze
S-utellum with a deep, longitudinal groove ................. I. canalis n. sp.
2—Pile of head, pleura, breast and legs largely white or yellow ................ as

Pile of head, pleura, breast, venter and legs wholly black ; legs black .........
6. apicula n, sp.

3—Second antennal joint not over once and a half as long as wide; pile of body
largely whitish

Second antennal joint twice as long as wide ; pile of body largely yellowish ....

2. gibbus Lw.

4—Abdomen partly black pilose, wings destitute of brown clouds............... 5.
Abdomen destitute of black pile, wings with several brown clouds ........

3. planus O. S.

5—Abdomen with cross bands of white tomentum, the second and third segments

watneplackepile less black... 1 eleseeeetiieeaee iste «el te 4. miscellus n. sp.
Abdomen destitute of white tomentum, second and third segments destitute of
hlackapilesmlessryellowish’ | .\.. 1.10 1 vehseertemineyecte e+ ecsls-s evs 5. zona Nn. sp.

1. Lordotus canalis n. sp.

Wholly black, except legs and base of tarsi, which are yellowish. Front white
tomentose and yellowish pilose, face yellowish white pilose. First two antennal joints
mixed black and white pilose above, densely white pilose below. Occiput grayish
pilose. Thorax grayish tomentose, pleura white pilose. Scutellum shining black,
divided into two equal parts by a deep longitudinal groove. Abdomen grayish
tomentose; venter same. Legs whitish, tomentose, bristles black. Wings hyaline,
the following spots brown: on prefurea, on vein at base of discal, and of fourth
posterior cell, in apex of anal cell, on veins at apex of marginal cell, at base of

—T16—

third submarginal cell, near apex of anterior branch of this vein, and of vein between
first and second, and second and third posterior cells, also a large one on veins at
bases of first, second and third postorior cells.

Length 5mm. Cal. A single temale, in May.

This species will doubtless require the formation of a new genus on
account of the peculiar structure of the scutellum, but until the described
species of Lordo/us become more numerous than at present, this species
may remain in the latter genus, with which it agrees in all other impor-
tant characters.

2. Lordotus gibbus Lw. (Cent. IV, 53; syn. Adelidea flava Jaen. (Neue
Exot. Dipt., 39.)
Length 7 to1omm. Col., N. M., Cal., Mex.
A single female from New Mexico.

3. Lordotus planus O.S. (West. Dipt. 258.)
Length 7 togmm. Cal. 5 (and 4 QQ, in May.

4. Lordotus miscellus n. sp.

Wholly black, Front of female grayish pollinose and yellowish white pilose ; face
white pilose ; first two joints of antennz short, yellowish and black pilose above,
longer white pilose below ; first antennal joint about two-thirds as long as the third,
second joint about once and a fourth as long as wide, third joint longer than the first
two taken together, Occiput white tomentose and pilose. Thorax yellowish tomen-
tose and pilose in middle of dorsum, elsewhere the tomentum and pile is white ;
pleura, breast and coxze white pilose. Scutellum white tomentose and white or yel-
lowish pilose. Abdomen shining ; a white tomentose cross-band at base of each
segment ; pile white, that on dorsum of the second, third and fourth segments in the
female, and also on the fifth and sixth segments in the male, largely black or blackish;
venter wholly white pilose in the female, that on the fifth and sixth segments in the
male largely black. Legs densely white tomentose ; first joint of tarsi usually white
tomentose. Wings pure hyaline, costal cell yellowish.

Length 5to8mm. Cal. 5 (and 6 OQ, in Sept.

5. Lordotus zona n. sp.

Differs from sezsceZ/us as follows: First joint of the antennz about three-fourths
as long as the third, second joint about once and a half as long as wide, the third
joint about as long as the first two taken together. Abdomen destitute of white
tomentose cross-bands, black pile confined to the fourth and fifth segments, most
abundant on the fourth. Apex of each ventral segment reddish. Legs wholly yel-
lowish, not very densely tomentose. Base of first tarsal joint reddish, this joint
not densely tomentose, Costal, first basal, and basal two-thirds of marginal cell,
yellowish.

Length 10 to1z2mm. Cal. 3 'c, in Sept.

6. Lordotus apicula n. sp.

Differs from wzzsced/us in having the pile of the front in the female largely, of the
antennz, face, palpi, pleura, breast, coxze and legs wholly black ; (pile and tomen-
tum of thorax, scutellum and abdomen largely rubbed off in my specimen).

Length 8mm. Col. A single female (Morrison).

—117---

tudies on the North American PROCTOTRUPIDA,
with Descriptions of New Species from Florida.
(PART 1.)

By Winiiam H. Asumeap,
Jacksonville, Florida.
(Continued from p. roo, vol. IIT.)

(XXXIV. PROSACANTHA Nees.)
53 2. Prosacantha mandibularis n. sp.

©. Length .o7 inch. Robust, black. Thorax finely punctate and covered with
fine pubescence, metathorax spined. Head, smooth, polished. Antennze short, en-
tirely black, the club stout, 4-jointed. Mandibles long, curved, with one long tooth
near tip, tips and tooth black. Pleure and abdomen polished. Legs pale brown.
Wings fusco-hyatine, marginal vein but slightly developed ; there is no stigmal vein.

Hab.—Florida.
59 3. Prosacantha macrocera n. sp.

a” om . ~

5 Length .c7,,9 .10 inch. Black, subopaque, fine punctate, pubescent. Anten-
ne in 6’ 12-jointed, filiform, much longer than the body, Legs rufous, coxe black

at base ; abdomen short, broad. | Wings dusky hyaline.
Hab. — Florida.
60 4! Prosacantha fuscipennis n. sp.
d+ Length .cg inch. Black, subopaque, punctate and pubescent. Head on
vertex polished. Antennz 12-jointed, long, black, scape rufous at base. Less rufous.
Abdomen longer than thorax and head combined narrowed at base, first and second
segments striate. Methathorax spined. Wings dark fuscous, veins black.
Hab.—Plorida.

61 5. Prosacantha minutissima pn. sp.

Q. Length .o3 inch. Entirely black, polished. Legs red, femora pale at base.
Abdomen slightly longer than the head and thorax combined. Metathorax spined.
Wings sub-hyaline, the hind margins of anterior wings with long ciliz.

Hab.—Florida.

XXXV. TRISACANTHA npn. ¢

S:

This genus is easily distinguished from Prosacantha to which it is
most closely allied by having three spines on the metathorax, and its
polished, alutaceous surface.

62 1. Trisacantha americana np. sp. s

¥". Length .toinch. Black, smooth, polished. Antennz 12-jointed, filiform,
longer than body, pedicel annular, following joints long, cylindrical, the fourth joint
shorter than fifth, other joints longer. Mesothorax without grooves. Scutellum
lunate, convex. Metathorax with a large central spine, and and two shorter latera!
ones. Legsred. Wings fusco-hyaline, veins as in typical Srosacanthe but with a
yeiniet projecting forward from tip of stigmal vein.

Hab.—Florida.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. Vou. TIT. 1s SEETEMDER 1887.

—318—

XXXVI. TELENOMUS Haliday.

63 1, Telenomus brochymenz Ashm. Fila. Agric. IV, 1881, p. 193.
Hab.—Florida,

64 2. Telenomus anasze Ashm.

Hab.—Florida.

This species was reared from the eggs of squash-bug Avnasa fristis in
my work for the Department of Agriculture, last Sammer.
65 3. Telenomus stygicus Prov. Add. et Corr. a la Faune Hym., p. 180.

Hab.— Canada.
XXXVII. ANTERIS Foerster.

66 1. Anteris elongata n. sp.

_o¢ Length .18 inch. A greatly elongated form. Biack ; head, thorax and ab-
domen finely punctate, sparsely covered with a white pubescence. The 12-jointed,
filiform antennze and the legs are pale brown, the former being infuscated toward tips
and hardly as long as head and thorax combined. Wings fusco-hyaline, veins dark
brown ; the submarginal vein is very long, marginal slightly longer than stigmal,
while the postmaryinal is very long.

Hab. —Florida.
XXXVI. BARYCONUS Foerster.
67 1. Baryconus floridanus n. sp.

J ? Length .14 inch. Black, finely rugosely punctate, slightly pubescent. An-
tennee 12-jointed, filiform, scape brownish-yellow, flagellum darker ; the pedicel is
small, the first flagellar joint slightly longer than any of the others. The mesonotum
has two longitudinal grooves on its disk. Legs and coxz pale brown. The abdomen
is slightly longer than the head and thorax combined and the lateral carina are pro-
longed into two points projecting beyond tip*of abdomen, Wings dusky-hyaline,
with brown veins ; the marginal vein is very short, half the length of stigmal and the
postmarginal vein is long.

Hab.—Florida.

XXXIX. SPARASION Latreille.
68 1. Sparasion famelicus Say. Leconte’s Ed. Say’s Works, II, p. 723.

Hab.—Indiana.

XL. TRIMORUS Foerster.
XLI. APEGUS Foerster.
XLII. GRYON Haliday.

XLII. HADRONOTUS Foerster.

69 1. Hadronotus leptocorisze Howard. Hubbard’s Ins. Affecting Orange Trees.
Hab.—Florida.
2. Hadronotus floridanus n. sp.

70

1

©. Length .oS inch. Robust, black. Head and thorax coarsely punctate and
sparsely covered with white pile. Antenne slightly longer than head and thorax
combined, scape pale brown, dusky at tip, flagellum dark brown. Mesothorax not
grooved ; metathorax rugose. Legs, uniform brownish-yellow. Abdomen rather
broadly rounded, punctate, second segment longest, first segment longitudinally
striate. Wings hyaline, veins brown ; the marginal vein is slightly longer than half
the length of the stigmal vein, and the postmarginal vein is long.

Hab.— Florida.

—-1Ig—

Described from three specimens. Its much large: size will at once
distinguish it from AZ. dp/ocorise How., which has been described as
having been reared from the eggs of Lep/ocortsa tipulotdes. This is a
mistake, it should have been the eges of Belus longipes L. var. dilobus
Say, Mr, Hubbard, having incorrectly identified, figured and described
this species in his work referred to above.

XLIV. SCELIO Latreille. °
71 1. Scelio ovivora Riley.
Cataptenobia ovivora Riley. First Rep. U. S. Ent. Com. p. 3c6.
Scelio famelicus Say. Riley’s Second Rep. U. S. Ent. Com. p. 270.
Hab.— Western States.

Prof. Riley, in the ‘‘Second Report U. S. Ent. Comm.” says this
species is identical with Sparasion famelicus Say, a statement in which I
cannot agree, for Say in his description of Sarason famelicus distinctly
says: ‘* Zo distant dorsal longitudinal impressed lines on thorax,” a feature
not characteristic of the genus Sce/o, and of the several species of Scelos
in my collection, not one exhibits this character; moreover, neither in
Prof. Riley’s figure of evra, nor in his description is this character given.
72 2. Scelio hyalinipennis n. sp.

@)

od, ©. Length .13 to.15 inch. Black or brown-black, rugoso-punctate. Face
with coarse grooves converging toward mouth. Antenne, including scape, brown-
black. Posterior angles of metathorax prominent, sub-acute. Legs rufous, the
femora blackish. Abdomen finely punctate and covered with fine pubescence, first
segment campanulate, sirigose, second segment more finely striate. Wings and veins
hyaline, stigmal slightly tinged with brown.

Hab.—Florida.

73 3. Scelio fuscipennis n. sp.

2. Length .14 inch. In stature and general appearance this species resembles
the preceding, but the wings are fuscous and the legs pale yellow-brown. It also re-
sembles a European species, Scedio inermis Zett, but in that species the legs are black.

Hab.—Florida. .

XLV. INDRIS Foerster.

Note.—A species, belonging to the genus Gondozus Foerster, de-
scribed by Mr. L. O. Howard in a note to ‘‘ Hubbard’s Insects Affecting
Orange Trees” [app. p. 217], was accidently overlooked by me in pre-
paring a list of the subfamily Pe/hyiine, and should be added to the two
species described in Entom. Amer., July, p. 76, as follows:

3. Goniozus Hubbardi How. Hubbard’s Ins. Aff. Orange Trees, app. p. 257.
Hab.— Florida.

I have had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Howard’s type, in the collec-
tion of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and it is very distinct from
the other two forms in our fauna. Mr, Hubbard reared the species from
a Tortricid (Platynota rostrana).

—T20——

Notes on American Lepidoptera.
By Ay-G) BurieR Fo LeS:, hee

We have received the following notes from Mr. A. G. Butler of the
British Museum. They are of very great interest to American students,
and we are heartily thankful to Mr. Butler for recording his observations
upon the Collections of American Lepidoptera under his care.

“In the Zeller Cabinet I find six examples of a Zithostd, which is the
same as Repa cana Walk., the first specimen in the series bearing a ticket
with the legend *-Clemensia albata, Pack.’, and the fifth ‘ sem7/unedla, Nord
America.” We have thus the fact of the identity of Walker's and Packard’s
species made’evident. Unia albida, WWalk., is the small wither form of
the same species. ”

In another letter Mr. Butler says: “I am arranging our species of
Nola. In the Grote collection I find three specimens of a sp ecies labelled
as V. minuscula, Zeller, and a fourth of the same thing exactly Jabeiled
NV. fuscula, Grote: other specimens labelled as /uscuda differ in being a
little darker or lighter, but with a less brown tint; the pattern in all is
identical.” ;

> —__—

Myriopoda or Myriapoda ?

This word, as stated by Dr. Underwood (on p. 61) is differently
spelled by Zoologists. It was written J/4riatoda in the earlier editions of
my ‘‘ Guide to the Study of Insects,” but on looking into the derivation
of the word it seemed evident that the correct orthography was J/yrio-
poda; so at considerable expense the plates of that book were changed
and the spelling corrected. The word is derived from J/yrios, thousand,
and pous, podos, foot, hence the natural spelling is Myriopoda, rather
than Myriapoda. I have submitted the point to a well known Greek
scholar, and he agrees with this orthography.

The word was spelled by Latreille ALvriapoda and is so given in
Agassiz’ Nomenclature, but even if the appellation of a class is not cor-
rectly spelled, whatever scruples we may feel at changing the original
spelling of a generic or specific name, the most extreme purist should
not, I think, adhere to a wrong, or even slightly incorrect orthography
in any of the comparatively few class or ordinal names in Zoology.

A. S. Packarb.
—————

Columbia; O:7, June. 18872

Evirok Ent. Am Dear Sir:—Would some reader of Ent. Am. be
kind enough to advise me through your valuable Journal, ofa way to suc-.
cessfully winter larvze of Cxelodasys, Heterocampa, Cerura, €c.

The larvae of these moths complete their growth, change color and
construct their cocoons in the Fall, but do not pupate until ‘Spring.

I have found it very difficult to winter them.

Yours respectfully, W. N. TALvant.

AMERIE

BROOKLYN, OCTOBER, 1887.

VOL. Ill.

Proceedings of the Entom. Club of the A. A. A.S. at the
New York Meeting, August, 1887.

(Continued from p. 108, vol. IIT.)

Prof. Lintner spoke of the alarming increase of the Larch Saw-Fly,
Nematus erichsoni. He gave a history of the dates and places at which
it had been heretofore observed, and the injury it had done.

On July 7th it was reported to him from St Lawrence Co., N. Y..
where it appeared on three Tamaracks growing in a door-yard. About
the roth of July they appeared in countless hosts completely covering the
trees so that the end of a finger could not be placed on a branch of one
of them without touching one or more of the worms. They also cov
ered apple and maple trees and shrubbery but ate nothing but Tamarack.

About the same time examples of the larva were received from Otsego
Co. taken from the European Larch. The pupe were found after July
12th under moss some little distance from the trees. It has done con-
siderable damage also in Hamilton County in the Adirondack region.
Every Tamarack for miles around was entirely stripped, and looked as
though the fire had been through it. Dr. Packard says the attack is not
fatal to the trees and near Lake Pleasant early in August he observed-the
Tamaracks putting out new buds. The larva were attacked by a Poddsus
allied to modes/us, and the pups were eaten by ants. In Europe the
species seemed to be kept in check pretty well by its parasites and it has
never been destructive there.

Prof. Riley said we can hardly hope with Dr. Packard that the at-
tack will not be fatal to the trees. When he went over the ground in
Maine with Dr. Packard this spring, many trees were already dead.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VoL. II. 19 OCTOBER 1887.

a

Club then adjourned to Monday August 15th, at g A. M.

In the evening a very pleasant party met at Mr, Graef’s residence in
Brooklyn where the evening was spent in examining Mr. Graef’s collection
and discussing the merits of the collation provided.

Monday, August 15th.—Club met pursuant to adjournment, 8 mem-
bers present. In the absence of Prof. Comstock, Prof. Lintner was elect-
ed President pro “em. Mr Emerton read a paper by Prof. L. M. Under-
wood on the literature of the North American Spiders, reviewing the
work thus far done in the Arachnide.*

Mr. Smith made some remarks on the paper mentioning the work
being done by students of the group and that the U. S. National Museum
was accumulating a very fair collection in the class. He also defended the
practice of describing species as justifiable under some circumstances in
stimulating or exciting interest and claims that nothing is so discouraging
to beginners as a lot of material which is unnamed and unnameable until
some one monographs the whole.

Mr. Emerton said that he intended to continue his work on the New
England Spiders and will keep his types. at least until the work is all
done. He was opposed to hasty descriptions, and to hasty identification
of old species where there is nothing to identify them by. He preferred to
give a new name to an insect to identifying it with an old name unless he
was perfectly sure of his identification.

Dr. Hoy spoke on the peculiarities of the Lepidopterous Fauna of
Racine, describing the location of the place and enumerating some of the
Southern butterflies and moths that have been taken there—among them
Lirias mexicana, Apatura celtis, Argus labrusce, Dilophonota ello and Ere-
bus zenobia.

Adjourned until Tuesday, August 16th, at g A. M.

On the afternoon of the roth the Entomologists and Botanists joined
in an Excursion by Steamer to Sandy Hook which proved an interesting
and agreeable one.

Tuesday, August 16th —Club met atg A. M. 4 persons present.
In the absence of the President, Prof. Lintner was elected Chairman pro /em.

It was resolved that the minutes of the meetings be published as
usual in Ent. Am. and that the Secretary furnish an abstract for publica-
tion in the proceedings of the A. A. S. S.

Prof. Lintner spoke on the larva of Halfca alleni, Harris—now
known as 4. dimarginata Say, which he found near Lake Pleasant skele-
tonizing Alder, in great numbers, exhibited specimens of the larva and

* This paper will appear in full in the American Naturalist.

pup. The latter are found naked in Moss. It was yellow when found
and not white as described by Dr. Packard.

Mr. Angell stated that he had recently for the first time heard Poly-
phylla stridulate. Mr. Dimmock said that Cerixa sometimes makes quite
a loud stridulating noise.

Some general remarks and questions concerning captures at Sandy
Hook followed, and the Club then adjourned for the session to meet
again at g A. M. of the first day of the next meeting of the A. A. A. S.

Joun B. Situ, Secresary.

—_—_—_———2 a> _———_

Cryptorynchus lapathi, Zinn.
By Wm. JUELICH.

Early in June this year I found on one of my excursions near West
Bergen in this vicinity, a large branch of a Willow tree, blown down
by a recent storm. Examining it closely I found it full of holes, with
fresh borings at the ends. Thinking this the work of Saperda concolor
which I often found on similar occasions, I did not take the trouble to
examine the larvae but merely took a small piece of the branch about two
feet long and an inch thick along, and placed it in a box to satisfy my-
self about the inhabitant. To my surprise, I found 2 fine specimens of
the European Cryplorhynchus lapathi Linné emerging on the 3d of July
and succeeded in getting about 10 more since, from pieces of willow, ob-
tained from the same locality—the large branch “full of them” having
disappeared in the meanwhile.

Five years ago I took a fine specimen of this same species on Wil-
low near Williamsbridge, at least 12 miles distant from above locality,
and last year, Mr. Ottomar Dietz showed me another one, taken on
Staten Island. The breeding of this beautiful Cryp/orhynchus—the only
one found in Europe—on Willow here, is the more interesting, as it is
known to occur to breed on Elder over there. I am afraid it will become
a great scourge to the Willow, from what I have seen of it and there is
no doubt now, that Crypiorynchus lapatht, Linné is not more an acciden-
tal importation, but should have a place in our catalogue.

Fortunately it appears to have found its enemy already to check its
too rapid progress, for I found 3 active Ichneumon flies emerging from
the same Willow branches, about a fortnight after the last beetles made
their appearnace. No other larve or insects had lived in the branches
as I found by cutting them open. Mr. E. T. Cresson has kindly identi-
fied the Ichneumon as a small variety of Zphzaltes wrritator, Fab.

—124—

A living Ixodes said to have been four months in the
ear of a man.

By Dr. H. A. Hacen.

I received July 16th, 1887, from Mr. John Orne Green, M. D.,
Chemical Instructor in Otology at the Harvard Medical School the follow-
ing letter together with the specimen,

“T removed it alive from the ear of a man on Thursday last (July 14).
The symptoms, only itching and obstruction of the passage, date back to
a residence on a cattle ranch in Arizona in March and April last. The
singular things about it were the absence of pain, usually very great from
a live insect and the fact of the bug remaining alive in the ear for such a
long time.” ‘The rather strange case induced me to ask if perhaps a cleri-
cal error or a chance of misunderstanding could have happened. In a
letter, July 23d, Dr. Green states: *‘ Certain is it that it came out of his
ear, that it had produced no irritation and that the symptoms date back
to March or April. The tenacity of life is also remarkable.”

This is all I know of this very strange case ; indeed so strange, that
I answered, there would be many unbelievers, and that I had not been able
to find a similar case quoted in the literature. Nevertheless if somebody
would peruse Dr. Dieffenbach’s article in Rust’s Magazine—corpora aliena
in corpore humano—-he will find reported some very strange cases.

The insect is a Tick (/vodes) long, 12 mm. broad 6 mm. _ It arrived
in my hands, not only living, but still lives to-day, Sept. 28, without having
taken any food. It changed its skin in August. In Packard’s Guide p. 663
is mentioned /vodes bovis pl. 13 f. 10 as the common cattle tick of the
Western States and Central America. It lives on horned cattle, upon the
Rattlesnake, the Iguana and small mammals. It was received from Mis-
souri from Mr. Riley and very abundantly on horned cattle from Mr.
MeNiel in Nicaragua. A large number of this species with Dr. Packard’s
label Zvodes bovis Riley ; Polyon, Occident. Depart. Nicaragua, McNiel
coll., formerly in the Peabody Academy is before me, and they are appa-
rently of the same species. I can not find the species mentioned any-
where except a notice ‘“Ticks and Texas fever,” Americ. Entomol. I, p.28
where it is said that specimens sent from Illinois and St. Louis are but the
common cattle tick. A description by Dr. Packard is given Rep.
Peabody Acad. p. 68. This figure in the Guide has the feet too long.

I do not know if the changing of the skin of Zvodes is described.
The skin splits a little above the mouth transversally and then along both
sides to the hind angles; both sides of the skin are connected behind,
after the animal has crawled out.

I have taken considerable care to find in the literature similar cases
eported. The only remark I know is in Peter Kalm’s travels in N. Ameri-

=125-

ca; itis re-printed in the Swed. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1754, T. 16.
Ixodes americanus Linn. is very obnoxious, when it goes in the ears of
men, It is very diffcult to remove, because it fastens itself strongly and
sometimes in places, where it not easy to be reached. There are cases
that the swelling of the ear has arrived to the size of a human fist.

+»

Notes on Stenus and Barinus.
pve Ih Casey

In some very interesting notes on Coleoptera recently published in
this journal by Mr. F. Blanchard, several subjects are touched upon which
have been the subjects of more or less study on the part of the writer.

Mr. Blanchard’s observations in Stenus are perfectly correct but by
no means new. In the very thorough treatise on the Stenini of France
by Mr. C. Rey, several forms of toothed tibiz are illustrated, and in the
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Dr. Sharp has described other peculiar
modifications of those parts. These exceptions, however, do not invali-
date the rule that in the Stenini the tibize are simple and unarmed. If my
memory serves me correctly, however, the language made use of in the
Revision of the Stenini has reference to the general absence of terminal
spurs. I would also add that I have considered Stenus'as a genus be-
longing to the group Stenini ; this is so evident that the statement made
by Mr. Blanchard seems quite inexplicable.

With reference to Barinus, I have been much interested in the recent
studies of the author quoted, but am inclined to believe that the speci-
men of &. sguamolineatus, referred to by him as having been received
from Mr. Webster, must be more or less rubbed and imperfect, as it is
impossible to reconcile Dr. LeConte’s careful description of criéricollis
with the perfect representative of sgaamotineatus which I have before me.

In this description of cvéricollis the author writes as follows : ‘‘White
scales denser on the second interval for four-fifths the length; on the sixth
a basal line extending to one-fourth of the length,” while in sguamolinea-
fus the white scales of the second interval extend in a broad dense line
throughout the entire length of the elytra, becoming even broader and
denser at the apex, and the broad line of the sixth interval extends for
fully one-half the length. Without alluding to other differences such as
the apparent absence of a median line of scales on the pronotum of cr7-
bricollis, and the probably denser punctuation of that species, I believe that
enough has been stated to show that these two species should not be uni-
ted without further study of more perfect specimens, especially in con-
sideration of the widely different habitats, Florida and Illinois.

—20—

Method of Oviposition of Tachina.

By ARcHIBALD C. WEEKs.

An opportunity to observe a female Zachina in the act of oviposit-
ing is, I presume, of comparitively rare occurrence and as such an oppor-
tunity was vouchsafed mz, I may, perhaps, without trenching upon what
has been previously noted, describe the process.

On September 3d of this year, noticing a small Hickory almost en-
tirely denuded of foliage by a brood of Datana larvae, I stopped to watch
the industrious feeding of a cluster of them.

Upon one of the leaves near the heads of the larvae was a female
Tachina standing unusually erect and regarding the larvae very intently.
Divining her purpose I remained quiet. After the lapse of several
minutes she cautiously approached the head of the nearest and there-
after constantly adjusted her position so as to face the larva as it
moved in feeding at a distance of rather less than a quarter of an inch.
Seizing a moment when the head of the larva was likely to remain statio-
nary the fly stealthily and rapidly bent her abdomen downward and ex-
tended from the last segment what proved to be an ovipositor. This
passed forward beneath her body and between the legs until it projected
beyond and nearly on a level with the head of the, fly and came in con-
tact with the eye of the larva upon which an egg was deposited in addi-
tion to five already there. So gently was this done, that the larva did not
at first appear to be disturbed, but presently the adhesion of a foreign
substance seemed to annoy it and it scraped its eyes against the bitter
edge of the leaf in a vain effort to rub off the barnacle-like ova. The fly
then proceeded to several other larvae, which had been previously simi-
larly stung, and repeated the process, always ovipositing on or between
eyes at which place at least a dozen had been attacked, and nowhere else.
The presence of other ova did not deter the fly from adding to the num-
ber. The ovipositor was viscous of a pale yellow, tapering, and elastic
to such a degree that the entire abdomen could hardly have contained it
as expanded.

It was interesting to note that the fly carefully avoided allowing her
ovipositor to come in contact with the fine long hairs of the larvae which
hung over the eyes, withdrawing it instantly upon their slightest move-
ment. Judging from the fact that no ova appeared to have been deposited
on the segments it is safe to assume that even the sparse hairs of the Da-
tana larvae constitute a barrier which the moist and highly sensitive ovi-
positor of the Tachina can not overcome.

We have here an additional proof that even the slightest hair or spine
development adds to the safety of its possessor.

NORTH AMERICAN PYRALID-A.
By Pror. C. H. FEeRnatp,

AMHERST, MAss.

Diathrausta octomaculalis, n. sp. Expanse of wing, 18mm. Palpi, head,
thorax, abdomen and upper side of all the wings, dark brown or nearly black with
greenish refleCtions in certain lights. There # a fine white line on each side of the
face in front of the eye and three white spots on the fore wing, one across the end of
cell, another on the middle of the cell and the third immediately below the last on the
fold. The inner line is scarcely perceptable, nearly straight and crosses the wing
quite near the base. The outer line, which is not very well defined, starts from a
small white spot at the outer fourth of the costa runs down at right angles with the
costa, a little outside of the outer spot, then runs nearly into the spot on the fold
where it turns again and runs in a more or less wavy line to the outer third. This
line is continued across the hind wings with an inward curve below the cell so that
the lower part of it appears as a straight line extending from a white spot on the end
of the cell to the anal angle. The fringes of the fore wings are black except at the
anal angle and below the apex where they are white. The fringes of the hind wings
are black at the base and white beyond. The segments of the abdomen are edged
with white. The underside of the wings is somewhat paler than above with the white
markings reproduced. The underside of the body and thorax are lighter than
above. Pectus and base of the palpi beneath, white.

Hab.—Pa., N. Y., Ontario, July 3, 1886, at electric light (H. S. Saunders).

Hydrocampa nebulosalis, n. sp. Expanse of wings, from 12 to 17 mm. Face
and outer end of the palpi, white. Basal part of the palpi on the outside, top of the
head, thorax, abdomen and upper side of all the wings, bright ocher yellow and
marked with white and sooty brown. The thorax is marked with transverse streaks
of white and the terminal edge of the abdominal segments is white. The fore wing is
crossed by five white lines. The first is very near the base and indistinct ; the second
is near the basal tourth and is zig-zag; the third starts from near the basal third of the
costa, runs nearly straight towards the anal angle as far as the median vein where it
forms an acute angle and then runs in a somewhat waved line to the basal third of
the hinder margin ; the next starts from the costa a little beyond the outer fourth,
runs obliquely outward for a very short distance, then forms a wide inward curve
down as far as vein 3, where it turns and runs towards the base of the wing nearly to
the preceding line, then turns and runs to the outer third of the hinder margin in an
outward curve. The outer line is sinuous and extends from the apex to a point near
the anal angle. The three outer lines are edged or overlaid more or less with dark
sooty brown ; and the whole outer part of the wing beyond the third line is more or
less heavily clouded with the same, except the terminal space and an area on the
costa between the third and fourth lines, which extends down across the cell. Hind
wings white on the costa and base, and crossed by three wavy lines, the outer one of
which is white and edged on the outside with brown, the inner ones are brown and
edged on each side with white. A yellow spot sometimes edged with brown rests on
the cell between these two lines and anotlgr within the inner line which does not
reach the costa. The inner lines sometimés fuse together as they approach the anal
angle. All the fringes are fuscous and cut with white between the veins. The
underside of the wings is similar to the upperside except paler.

Hab.—Florida.

——t 20

Tetralopha baptisiella, n. sp.

Expands 21mm. Tongue gray in front. Palpi gray, fuscous brown in front.
Head and thorax nearly white with intermingled russet fuscous scales. Abdomen light
gray at base, beyond with segments ringed anteriorly with fuscous. Wings, <¥ light fus-
cous with a slight ocher tint, heavily marked with darker fuscous on the costal region,
running from a point on costa at base, along and parallel with the inner margin to
outer cross line forming a triangular space, the lighter ground color showing distinctly
between the veins. Inner cross line obsolete, or showing in a faint curved gray
shading. A black point of raised scales at middle of basal field. Outer cross line 3
out ; sub-parallel with outer margin except a bend outward towards posterior angle,
straight at costa, otherwise evenly dentate wavy. On the middle field just out from
the first cross line is a cross line of lengthened scales whiter than the ground color.
Outer field fuscous, lighter posteriorly and at veins. A marginal row of lengthened
black points. Fringe grayish fuscous interlined. Hind wings fuscous with faint in-
dications of outer lighter band, © with lines as in the ¢{ but with basal field much
lighter, the central cross band of long scales almost white, and the rest of the wing
washed with russet ocher, the veins on the outer middle field blackish. A narrow
gray shading next the marginal black points. Hind wings as in <{'. Beneath, <j, Q,
fuscous on costal half of fore wings, light ocher fuscous otherwise with faint outer
band on all wings.

23d, 299. Hab.—Mo., N.Y. Raised by Miss Murtfeldt on Baptisia
tinctoria.

Description of a New Proctotrupid.

By Witiram H. AsHMEaD.
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

Since the publication of my ‘‘Studies on the N. A. Proctotrupidee,”
in going over my Braconids, two specimens of a very remarkable form in
this family were discovered belonging to a genus not yet noticed as oc-
curring in the North American fauna. The genus is recognized by the
brevity of the otherwise fully developed wings, the elongated prothorax
and its rather prominent eyes and triangular head. The species may be
identified from the following description :

VII. MYSTROPHORUS, Foerster.

1. Mystrophorus americanus, n. sp. ©. Length .25 inch. Color: Head,
thorax and legs, brownish-red ; head above dusky ; eyes dark or blackish ; antennze
dusky toward tips, while the abdomen is polished black. The head when viewed
from the front is triangular, finely, regularly punctate. The antennz are 10-jointed,
the third joint of which is as long as the 4th, 5th and 6th joints together. The pro-
thorax is much elongated with parallel sides, narrower and more than thrice longer
than the mesothorax, and microscopically sculptured. The short, spoon-shaped
wings are hyaline, excepting a broad, smoky, transverse band across fore wings,
broad enough to include stigma and stigmal vein. The venation is exactly as in the
genus Goniozus. ,

Hab.—Florida. Described from two specimens, captured in the Spring of 1886. _

—! 29-—

NEW SPECIES OF PYRALIDA.
By Geo. D. Hu st.

For a number of years I have been gathering material in the family
Pyralide, and in Transactions of the American Entomological Soc. Vol.
VIII, pp. 145-168, July 1886, published a number of new species.
Since that time very much material has come to me from various sources,
and again I find myself with many insects, which neither our best speci-
alists nor myself can identify ; and once more:I take myself to the task
of describing what seems to me to be new to science.

The sub-families in which are the species described in the present
paper I have for a considerable time given very diligent study. My form-
er determinations were hasuly made. without opportunity to study vena-
tion, and the species were by necessity in many cases incorrectly referred.
Those described in the present paper, as far as genera exist for their recep-
tion, are I believe correctly referred, and can be relied upon.

Of the species in Grote’s Check List, I have nearly all before me. I
have all the species described since the issue of the Check List. More-
over Prof. C. H. Fernald and Mr. Henry Edwards, both among the most
generous of Lepidopterists, have placed their entire collections at my dis-
posal, so I have in material unrivalled facilities for comparison and study.
And it is with all this, that I deem the following to be new species, and
therefore describe them,

EPIPASCHIA, Grt.

Toripalpus adulatalis, Sp. nov. Expand 26 mm. Head black with light
gray scales intermingled. Tongue light gray. Labial palpi black, slightly mixed
with gray, extending half the length of the thorax, ‘Antenne dark brown, strongly
pubescent. Scaled process of the, antenne reaching beyond the collar. Ocelli dis-
tinct. Thorax reddish brown in front, gray behind. Abdomen gray, blackish at
base, with lateral scale tufts on the 2 segments preceding anal segment. Wings on
the basal field dark brown mixed with gray scales with a longitudinal light gray dash
in center, running two-thirds the length of the field and ending in a black point of
raised scales preceded by another. The field is limited quite distantly from base by
a light gray strongly thrice waved line which has beyond it a shadow line of dark
brown. Beyond this the middle field is gray, very light costally and centrally,
darker posteriorly. Anteriorly slightly washed, and shaded with a black discal point
of raised scales, posteriorly strongly shaded with brown which at the outer edge of
the field is slightly reddish. The light gray centrally extends to the outer margin of
the wing. Outer line clear at costa, shaded inwardly and outwardly with black, the
outward shading making a large apical blotch. The line ends at the extension of the
gray central field 4 from costa in a black longitudinal dash. It shows somewhat in-
distinctly on the posterior 4 in the continuation of the reddish brown ot the middle
field, and is there waved inwardly, dentate outwardly, and shaded on both sides with
blackish, Outer field narrow, gray, except towards posterior angle where it is
brown, slightly reddish. A black marginal line cut by the veins, Fringes interlined.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 20 OCTOBER, 1887.

Hind wings light yellowish-white, somewhat fuscous, subpellucid. An outer line
dentate outwardly on veins. A black marginal line cut at veins. Fringes inter-
Jined. Beneath dark fuscous washed over dirty white, an outer indistinct dentate
white line on fore wings. Hind wings nearly as above but duller.

1 o'\. S. Cal. Nearest 7. breviornatalis Grt., but apart from color
differences, a very much frailer insect.

Toripalpus incrustalis, Sp. nov. Expands 25 mm. Head, thorax and ab-
domen ochery brown, the palpi with an orange, the collar with a violet tinting. Fore
wings light ocher washed and spotted with ocher fuscous with a black point of raised
scales at middle of base and on disc. Basal field quite dark. Basal line of ground
color indistinct but shown by the darker shadow lines. Middle field quite clear in-
wardly, ochery fuscous outwardly, this color divided by the veins which are light
ocher. Outer line parallel with outer margin, waved inwardly, dentate outwardly.
Outer field ochery fuscous, lighter on veins. A marginal row of black points. Hind
wings even fuscous, lighter towards base, with a marginal black line. Beneath fus-
cous with a reddish shading except on inner margins, the reddish being especially
marked along costa of fore wings.

19. Col. Itis thought by many that in this and other sub-
families no insect ought to be described unless from the /, as that alone
furnishes the generic characteristics. I take a pleasure in naming from
the © only, as a protest against the founding of genera upon secondary
sexual characters.

Toripalpus lunulalis, Sp. nov. Expands 22 to 25 mm. ‘Head and collar
yellowish brown, strongly washed with violet. Palpi brownish gray or yellowish
gray in front, the last member short and distinct. _Ocelli present. Thorax dark
fuscous. Abdomen light fuscous, the segments ringed with dark fuscous, extremity
tufted in ¢j with lateral tufts on 2 segments preceding anal segment. Fore wings
much rounded at apex, generally light even blue gray in color with a strong shading
of fuscous on basal and outer fields. A dark broken cross line close to base not al-
ways distinct ; near the outer edge of the field a dark line consisting of lengthened
and raised scales, and extending quite across the wing. The line limiting the field is
very indistinct and is evidenced rather by its hardly distinct shade lines. Middle
field with three raised scale tufts, one discal small, the second extra-discal, more pro-
minent and lengthened, the latter shaded outwardly, with fuscous, and a‘ third near
center of the field one-third trom inner margin, black. Outer line quite distinct near
costa, becoming obsolete posteriorly, shaded as usual, this shading being broad and
diffuse near costa and outwardly occupying the whole apical space. The outer line
forms a large sinus from the costa, anc this with the shading and posterior obsoles-
cence gives a distinctly lunular appearance to the apical markings. Outer field
anteriorly fuscous divided by the yellow fuscous color of the veins—fading into the
ground color posteriorly. Hind wings fuscous, smooth, dark at margin. Beneath
fuscous on fore wings with a costal band lighter, the whole with a reddish tinge quite
marked at apex. Hind wings reddish at angle, otherwise fuscous.

2 3'3', 2 QQ. Col. Perhaps not properly congeneric with Zort-
palpus, as there is a difference in the shape of palpi, and veins 4 and 5
of hind wings are from a stern.

—13I—

PHY CURED Abe hace

Nephopteryx carneella, Sp. nov. Expands 23 to 25 mm. Head fuscous
black. Collar, thorax and abdomen even bluish gray, washed with maroon red.
Fore wings bluish gray, marked with light maroon red. This is especially marked
on the borders of the gray cross lines, and is most lacking just at end of basal
field, along outer margin, and costally and centrally on the middle field. On either
side of the basal cross line there are more or less black scales. A faint {uscous mar-
ginal line. Hind wings fuscous, rather yellowish, fuscous margined outwardly.
Beneath fuscous, smooth, somewhat reddish on fore wings, lightening posteriorly on
hind wings.

Ig,1 QO. N. Mex.

Nephopteryx amatella, Sp. nov. Expands 27 mm. Head light gray; palpi
fuscous ; collar light gray. Thorax fuscous in front, gray behind. Abdomen gray
with the segments banded with fuscous anteriorly, and a black spot on dersum. Fore
wings brown with some reddish posteriorly, 3 white cross lines, the first extra basal
diffuse, broad, edged outwardly with black; the second central, twice angulate in-
wardly, lined outwardly with black, which is fellowed centrally by a whitish blotch;
the third submarginal, with large sinus inwardly below costa, and a dentation before
middle, then curved to inner margin ; it is lined inwardly with black which is preceded
by a diffuse lengthened whitish blotch, confluent with the rather large white discal
spot. Margin a black line, preceded by a gray band. Hind wings fuscous, with
black marginal line. Beneath dark fuscous with lighter fuscous outer line, . less
distinct on hind wings.

Tee Ha.

Nephopteryx furfurella, Sp. nov. Expands 22 mm. Head, thorax and
fore wings smoky blue gray. Abdomen yellowish fuscous ; fore wings with a black
spot along inner margin, one-third from base, with a sub-obsolete russet band, ex-
tending from this towards costa, but not reaching beyond middle, when apparent.
Hind wings fuscous, lighter basally. Beneath fuscous, darkest along costa of fore
wings.—2 Jd, 2 OND, Inlay Uke
_ Nephopteryx caliginella, Sp. nov. Expands 21 mm. Head fuscous gray,
Palpi black with a few gray scales. Thorax gray in front, fuscous behind. Abdomen
ocher fuscous, the segments darker anteriorly. Fore wings very much the color of
Phycita indiginella, light gray on anterior portion of basal and central field, fuscous
on posterior portion. Basal cross line sub-parallel with outer line, twice dentate out-
wardly, clear white anteriorly, gray towards inner margin, shaded outwardly. Outer
line gray sub-parallel with margin, with large sinus outwardly near middle, faintly
shadowed on both sides. Outer space fuscous, shading into gray towards margin.
An interrupted row of black points on margin with fuscous gray fringes not inter-
lined. Hind wings light fuscous with dark fuscous marginal line. Beneath dark
fuscous on fore wings, and at apex of hind wings, the latter otherwise light fuscous.

Mee Ariz:

Nephopteryx tenebrosella, Sp. nov. Expands 18 mm. Head parts and
thorax dark smoky fuscous. Abdomen ringed with fuscous and black. Fore wings
blackish fuscous. Basal line broadish, gray, outwardly oblique, broken at the middle.
Outer line faint gray, near outer margin, with a long outward sinus at middle. Gray
scales at margin. Fringes light fuscous, faintly interlined. Hind wings dark fuscous
with black marginal line. Beneath very dark fuscous, a light line along costa. Hind
wings as abeve.—1 Q. Tex.

—132—

Nephopteryx hapsella, Sp. nov. Expands 22 mm. Tongue gray. Palpi
and head russet gray. Thorax russet fuscous. Abdomen yellowish fuscous. Fore
wings brown with a faint russet shade, costa to outer line much lighter. A gray
patch at middle of basal field. Basal line far from base, fine, white, finely dentate.
A faint discal dot, darker than ground color, Outer line very near margin, begin-
ning very near apex, slanting inwardly, and then parallel with margin, finely dentate.
Submarginal space grayish. Marginal line of black points. Hind wings light fus-
cous, with black marginal line. Beneath fuscous, the hind wings slightly lighter.

1. Fla. The wings are much narrower than usual and the in-
sect has much the appearance of Amrasta.

Nephopteryx bifasciella, Sp. nov. Expands 20 mm. Head, thorax and
fore wings light whitish gray, dusted with black. Abdomen ocher fuscous. Fore
wings with basal band of ground color, edged on both sides with distinct black
shadow lines once angled outward'y. Outer line near margin, of ground color, with
narrow black shadow lines especiaily distinct at costa ; the lines slightly bent. Mar-
ginal line of dentate black points. Hind wings light yellowish fuscous, pellucid.
Beneath. fore wings light fuscous, hind wings as above.

14,299. Arizona.

Nephopteryx odiosella, Sp. nov. Expands 24 to 25 mm. Head, thorax
and fore wings white, with scattered black and tuscous scales, giving a brownish
cast. Maxillary palpi with hair pencil at end, of a yellow brown color. Abdomen
rather more fuscous than thorax. Fore wings with white basal band, shadowed at
costa outwardly, and at inner margin inwardly, with blackish, which is broad at the
respective margins, and becomes obsolete betore crossing the wing. <A black diffuse
somewhat kidney shaped discal spot. Outer line white, shadowed with black on
both sides, the shadows becoming broad and heavy at costa. The line is more bent
than usual at the middle. A marginal row of black spots, pointed inwardly. Hind
wings white with an ocher cast, pellucid. Beneath, fore wings faintly fuscous, yel-
lowish along costa. Hind wings as above.

1. Col. This species and the one above, WV. dzfasciella, belong
more properly to Saledria.

Nephopteryx subrufella, Sp. nov. Expands 12 to14 mm. Head and thorax
purple fuscous. Abdomen ocher fuscous with purple tinge on dorsum. Fore wings
ocher fuscous at base. Basal line black or purple black, sometimes obsolete. Middle
and outer fields reddish fuscous, generally with a purple stain, except along costa
which over the middle space is marked with a grayish stripe. Outer line faint, edged
on each side with purple reddish. A small black discal point. Hind wings light
fuscous. Beneath, light ocher fuscous.

5 QQ. Fla. This insect has the appearance of Lphestia or
Anerastia. It is with doubt I call it Nephopterya. Vein 8 of fore wings
is hardly determinate when the wings are entirely denuded and under a
compound lens. Vein 8 of hind wings is in the same condition. It is
a question whether they are realities or suggestions only. There is con-
siderable variation of the costal stripe in the insect, the ground color of
the wing encroaching so much at times, as almost or quite to ob-
literate it.

Pinipestis cacabella, Sp. nov. Expands 25 mm. The whole insect dull even
smoky ruscous. Fore wings with a basal line indeterminate, and evident only by the
faint lightening of the fuscous color. Outer line lighter fuscous than the ground
color, with a deep bend inward on the anterior third of the wing in <j, diffuse and
straighter in the OQ. Two black discal points, confluent, edged with the lighter
fuscous color. Marginal line black. Hind wings dull fuscous of the shade of the
lines of fore wings with black marginal line. Beneath fuscous, lighter on hind wings.

1,1 Q. N.Y. This insect may possibly be a form of P. adie-
tivorella Grt., but it differs decidedly in coloration, and is a Punipestis
only in venation. The ¢\ antennz are bent over the root, with a scale
pad in the bend. Mr. Grote however did not know the male, and so
could not base his generic reference upon any ,j\ characters. As already
said my own generic references in the present paper are based in case of
doubt on the venation and attention is called to the variation of the’
sexual characters. I speak of Mr. Grote as the author of P. adiefivorella
as he, not Dr. Packard, described and published it.

Etiella villosella, Sp. nov. Expands 24 to 27mm. Labial palpi russet gray
above, gray below. Maxillary palpi yellowish, brown on end. Head, collar and
fore thorax, orange fuscous. Thorax behind fuscous gray. Abdomen fuscous. Fore
wings mouse color, consisting of bluish gray, overlaid partly with fuscous. A broad
white stripe extending from base along costa to apex. Extreme edge of costa of
ground color broadening outwardly just beyond middle and fading away towards
apex. A dull yellowish basal stripe reaching from white costal stripe to inner mar-
gin, edged inwardly with a row of maroon brown scales, the scales being longer than
usual. Hind wings fuscous, deepening outwardly, with dark marginal line.

Beneath even glistening very light fuscous.

306,299. N. Y., Fla., Col. This insect which in America
has in the past been considered Lpzschnza farrella is very close in appear-
ance to the European £. Zinckenella. ‘The most marked difference
between the two is the labial palpi. The end member in the American
insect is very short, not more than one-fifth the length of the middle
member, while the European, according to Authorities, is one-half the
length of the middle member.

Pempelia mulleolella, Sp. noy. Expands 13 mm, Palpi smoky black. Head
and thorax dark fuscous with a reddish tinge. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings wine
red ; cross lines white, distinct, scarcely shaded; the first is twice dentated out-
wardly, the outer near margin, very nearly straight. Outer margin with color
deepened. Hind wings fuscous. Beneath, fore wings wine reddish on front half,
fuscous posteriorly, the lines quite distinct. Hind wings fuscous.—1 Q. Fila.

Pempelia albipenella, Sp. nov. Expands 20mm. Palpi whitish fuscous at
tip. Head, body and fore wings dull white, a little ocher stained. Fore wings with
faint fuscous shadings, revealed in a faint basal patch, a discal spot, and a faint
oblique band running from just before apex inwardly. Hind wings fuscous,

Beneath smooth light yellowish fuscous, a little darker on fore wings.

Payal

—134—

Pempelia quantulella, Sp. noy. Expands 11 mm. Palpi dark fuscous.
Head and thorax fuscous gray. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings narrow, rounded
and oblique on outer margin, steel gray in color. Two cross lines, white, the first
nearly at the middle, broad diffuse, obsolete at both costa and inner margin, slightly
lined outwardly with black ; outer line close to margin, three times dentate. Hind
wings fuscous. Beneath dark fuscous, the costal region of the fore wings very dark.

1. Texas. Iam not sure that this insect is correctly referred.
It is very frail, and I have but one specimen, so I can not study the vena-
tion fully enough to satisfy myself with absolute certainty as to the num-
ber of veins on the fore wings.

Spermatophthora gemmatilla, Sp. nov. Expands 26 mm. Palpi ocher,
with a reddish tinge. Head, thorax, abdomen and fore wings ocher washed with
bright reddish wine color. This on the fore wings is lighter on subcostal and costal
veins forming a light ocher line, and the red is slightly darker just behind the sub-
costal space, and is somewhat brighter basally and apically. Hind wings light fusc-
ous. Beneath fuscous, lighter on hind wings.—1 <j. Illinois.

Spermatophthora multilineatella, Sp. nov. Expands 18 mm. Head parts,
thorax, abdomen and fore wings light ocher yellow. Maxillary palpi strongly
developed, turned upward between the labial palpi, and reaching beyond the summit
of the head. Fore wings with the veins marked by distinct narrow even fuscous
lines ; there is also a corresponding line at the middle of the space between the veins,
except between 1 and 2 where there are two lines, as there are also between 1 and
inner margin. Hind wings, pure silky white, Beneath as above, with the lines of
fore wings a little indistinct.—2 (fj. Fla.

Spermatophthora montinatatella, Sp. nov. Expands 25 to27mm. Head,
thorax and abdomen fuscous with a tinge of reddish on the patagiz. Fore wings
bright reddish gray, except a broad costal stripe reaching from base nearly to apex,
which is white with scattered reddish scales. Very faint indications of basal and
outer gray cross lines by a lightening of the red color on the lines, and a deepening
of it on either side. Margin and fringe grayish fuscous. Hind wings fuscous, with
black marginalline. Beneath, dark fuscous, with a reddish tinge on fore wings ;
fuscous on hind wings.

1g’, 1 Q. Sierra Nevada Mts., Cal. Very nearly in color appear-
ance to Pempelia petrella Zell., or rather the insect which goes under that
name in America. Prof. Fernald has of the latter a specimen identified
from a specimen of Zeller’s in the Cambridge Museum but is not at all a
Pempelia, and there may be some mistake somewhere. The insect how-
ever corresponds with Zeller’s description ; and those who know Prof.
Fernald know that it is hardly possible that he should have been guilty
of an error.

Spermatopthora Graciella. Sp. nov. Expands 28mm. Palpi fuscous gray
whitish above. Head lightgray. Thorax light fuscous in front, gray at middle black-
ish behind. Abdomen gray. Fore wings white on anterior half fuscous white on
posterior half. Veins sharply lined with black er fuscous black and a blackish line
dividing the discal cell. Cross lines faintly indicated, the basal by a black line close
to the base and present only near costa, the outer by a black patch near apex. A
marginal line of somewhat lJengthened black points. Hind wing light shining fus-

a

cous. Beneath fuscous the posterior portion of fore wings and the whole hind wings
light fuscous.—1 <j, Col.

Spermatophthora (?) bonifatella. Sp. nov. Expands 21mm. _ Palpi, head,
thorax and light fuscous. Addomen mouse colored fuscous. Fore wings ocher fus-
cous, the veins slightly lighter. At the posterior side of the cell near the cross vein
is a whitish dot with a black dentate spot at each end. A faint line of dark points
on margin ; fringe ocher. Himd wings dark smoky fuscous, Beneath fuscous.

1 3%. Col. Not by any means entirely congeneric with Spermatoph-
thora but placed there provisionally.

Acrobasis alatella, Sp. nov. Expands 18 to 22 mm. Palpi dark gray, white
in front, fuscous at tip. Head and thorax fuscous gray. Abdomen fuscous anter-
iorly, ocher fuscous posteriorly. Fore wings narrow, strongly arched on outer third,
apex rounded, outer margin oblique, inner angle rounded, light gray in color, much
marked with fuscous. Posterior portion of basal field fuscous. Basal line white,
rounded, and extending outwardly towards inner margin, edged outwardly with
black. Middle field with anterior half dusted with fuscous, posterior half fuscous,
with a longitudinal white dash between the two portions. Outer line oblique from
towards apex, faint, diffuse, edged with indistinct diffuse fuscous. Outer field
heavily dusted with fuscous. Fringes gray. Hind wings light fuscous, becoming
fuscous at tip, sub-pellucid. Beneath, smooth, even fuscous on fore wings ; hind
wings as above.-3 44.1 9. Cal.

Acrobasis hystricu'e!la, Sp. nov. Expands 18 to 20 mm. Head parts smoky
fuscous. Thorax smoky fuscous on sides and front, ocher fuscous on dorsum and pos-
teriorly. Abdomen yellow fuscous. Fore wings light gray, powdered with fuscous.
Ext eme base fuscous, Outer basal field with two short longitudinal black dashes, one
at the middle of wing, the other near anal margin, these edged more or less distinctly
with white. Basal line well out, white, twice dentate outwardly, shadowed narrowly
with black on both sides. On middle field a large faint fuscous oval discal spot with
white center; outer posterior middle field fuscous, extending across outer line over the
whole outer field, though less marked along margin. Outer line even,curved out-
wardly, shadowed on both sides. A marginal line of confluent dentate black points.
Hind wings light ocher fuscous, with black marginal line. Beneath fuscous on fore
wings ; hind wings as above. 2,2 QQ. Tex.

Myelois aliculella, Sp. nov. Expands 21 to 23 mm. Labial palpi gray white
in front, black at tip. Maxillary palpi orange fuscous. Head gray. Thorax gray.
Abdomen ocher fuscous or fuscous. Fore wings white, heavily dusted with black
scales, giving a gray appearance. Base blackish. Basal line white, angulated out-
wardly, with a heavy black marking outwardly at costa, sometimes extending on disc
to discal ring ; within with a reddish band sometimes quite obsolete. A discal circle
of black quite large on middle field, this often very indistinct. Outer line white,
fine, angulated at middle, then curved to inner margin, lined finely with black with-
in, with more diffuse fuscous or reddish fuscous without. A row of marginal black
points generally strongly dentate at middle portion of the wing, and reaching some-
times to outer shadow line. A short longitudinal black dash at the center of the
outer middle field edged with white. Hind wings light ocher fuscous, pellucid.

Beneath, fuscous on fore wings. Hind wings as above.

530055 QQ. Ariz. I place this insect in this genus on account
of the venation and in what is required in venation follow VonHeineman.
In the palpal and antennal structure of the (J the insect is like Sadebria.

—136—

Myelois zelatella, Sp. nov. Expands 20mm. Palpi dark fuscous, whitish
at joints and extreme tip. Head gray ; thorax fuscous; abdomen with dark fuscous
anteriorly, light fuscous posteriorly. Fore wings with a broad costal band, white,
dusted with fuscous, extending from base to outer line, and more faintly reaching
towards apex. On the extreme costa is a narrow black stripe, beginning at basal
line where it is widest and extending to beyond the middle of the wing. Fore wings
otherwise fuscous, merging gradually with the white band. Basal line very indistinct.
Outer line distinct, slightly bent, slightly and finely wavy, dentate. Margin blackish.
Hind wings deep fuscous with black marginal line. Beneath, dark fuscous.

30. N. Y., Can. This insect has the aspect of some specimens
of WV. endiginella, Zell. In referring it, a difficulty presents itself much
as in the previous species. For while the venation is that of AZyelois, (in
sensu VonHeinemani), the antennal structure ot the (fis that of Nephop-
teryx. However the stem of veins 4 and 5 of fore wings is very short,
and unless examined in Balsam might be regarded as separate.

Myelois (?) Georgiella. Sp. nov. Expands 26mm. Palpi head thorax and
abdomen white washed with light tuscous. Fore and hind wings pure glistening sily-
ery white the hind wing with a faint fuscous stain. Beneath fore wings fuscous with
middle and edges much lighter ; hind wings as above.

1 § Col. Placed provisionally in this genus to which it does not
belong rightfully. Indeed the insect is decidedly un-Phycid like in ap-
pearance, and in some respects in palpal structure and venation. The
reference is made on the basis of the number of the veins rather than
upon the details which are in many respects quite aberrant.

Dioryctria unicolorella, Sp. nov. Expands 20mm. Head and thorax even
mouse gray.’ Abdomen with segments rmged, fuscous in front, light ocher fuscous
behind. Fore wings even light mouse gray. Basal line whitish, obsolete, except at
inner margin. Costa with a patch darker than the ground color. Outer line very
near margin, very faint, bent outwardly. Hind wings light fuscous mouse gray, sub-
pellucid with black marginal line. Beneath, light fuscous, the hind wings lighter.

IQ’. Washington, D. C. Another rather composite insect, having
the venation of Dioryciria, and the head parts of the oj as in Salebria.

Dioryctria bistriatella, Sp. nov. Expands 18 mm. Head and thorax fuscous
gray. Abdomen fuscous, the segments narrowly black in front, Fore wings fuscous
gray, or blue fuscous gray. Base, lighter antereriorly. Basal line straight, a little
outwardly oblique, whitish somewhat broad and diffuse, less distinct costally, pure
white towards inner margin, forming there a lengthened white spot ; it is shadowed
outwardly by a broad dark fuscous band. The wing lightens beyond disc, and re-
veals two black discal points one preceding the other, somewhat confluent. Outer
line whitish, slightly bent, subparallel with base, shadowed broadly both sides with
dark fuscous. © A row of black points on margin. Hind wings light fuscous, fuscous
at apex, with black marginal line. Beneath dirty fuscous on fore wings, apex and
anterior part of lined wings ; hind wings otherwise, very light. 2 9, Washington,
DAG:

Dioryctria minutularia, Sp. nov. Expands 13 mm. Head body and fore
wings even dark gray, consisting of black ground dusted quite evenly with white

—137—

scales. Fore wings pointed at apex, strongly arched, inner line white, nearly straight,
edged outwardly with a distinct black band. Two black discal points. Outer line
faint, fine, angulated, very oblique. Hind wings fuscous, blackish gray along an-

terior margin. Beneath, fore wings dark fuscous, hind wings light fuscous. 2 Jd:

Tex.

Glyptoteles rhypodella, Sp. nov. Expands 20 mm, TYonzue white. Palpi
dark fuscous, gray in front. Thorax fuscous, patagize fuscous gray. Abdomen fus-
cous. Fore wings light gray, overlaid with fuscous shades. Base fuscous. Basal
line close in, light gray, wavy, bent, shaded outwardly on the costal half of the wing
with a broad fuscous black band. Discal spot large, blackish diffuse. Outer line
light gray with a large outward sinus below costa, bent around posterior to discal
spot, then at a right angle running to inner margin. The sinus is filled with dark fus-
cous reddish in the middle, reaching to the discal spot, and partly enveloping it ; a faint
‘dark edging inwardly at inner margin also. Outwardly a large reddish fuscous
blotch along costa nearly round, and another along inner margin, which following
the line becomes obsolete at middle of wing. Apex and anterior marginal space
gray. A faint marginal line of black points. Hind wings dark tuscous, sub-pellucid.
Beneath, fuscous with indications of the outer light line on fore wings, and of a fine
dentate darker line on hind wings. 1. Oregon.

Stenoptycha pneumatella, Sp. nov. Expands 18 mm. Head blackish gray.
Thorax fuscous gray. Abdomen with segments ringed, dark fuscous in front, light
fuscous behind. Fore wings blue gray, quite even in color over the wing. A small
white spot at center of basal field, sometimes obsolete. Basal cross line well out,
wavy angulate, shadowed by black outwardly which is heavier and more diffuse near
costa. Two black discal points, generally confluent, often followed by white. Outer
line fine, white, angulated from costa first inwardly then outwardly, then nearly
straight to inner margin, shadowed inwardly and outwardiy with black, the inner
line being the heavier. A marginal line of black points. Hind wings smoky to
ocher fuscous, sub-pellucid. Beneath fuscous, the outer line of fore wing sevident ;
hind wings as above.

8 specimens N. Y. N. C. Mo. Food Plant Elm. The generic ref-
erence is based upon the venation. The head parts of the ¢ would
place it in Pempelia.

Stenoptycha pallulella, Sp. nov. Expands 18 to 25 mm. Tongue light gray.
Palpi fuscous. Head and thorax dark olive fuscous. Abdomen ocher fuscous. Fore
wings light gray with reddish brown and black markings. Basal field reddish brown,
except along costa, deepest along the basal line. Basal line white, far out at the
middle of the wing, twice angled inwardly, scalloped outwardly. Middle field nar-
row, bright black, with more or less of white scales, except along inner margin which
is reddish brown. <A white discal point. Outer line distinct, white dentate sinuate,
with two angles more or less rounded inwardly, edged within with a sharp black line
Outer field reddish brown except apically which is light gray. A marginal black line
cut by the veins. Hind wings smoky fuscous with black marginal line, Beneath
fuscous, fore wings lighter on outer field, and hind wings with outer line faintly indi-

cated. 6 ae owe ING Wes Nee Utahns Vase ere

Anerastia electella, Sp. nov. Expands 15 to 24 mm. Palpi fuscous, dark
fuscous at tip. Thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen ringed with dark and light fuscous

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, It. 21 OCTOBER, 1887.

—138—

on each segment. Fore wings light fuscous, dusted with fuscous scales. A narrow
costal stripe of ground color, without the intermingling fuscous, extending from base
nearly to apex. A faint diffuse outer line, oblique, and in good specimens dentate.
Hind wings light fuscous pellucid. Beneath, fore wings fuscous, hind wings lighter.

6 J, 3 PQ, Tex. This insect is variable much beyond what is
ordinary in the genus ; the general coloration of the specimens is some-
what different, they differ much in size and there is some difference in the
venation of the fore wing, the stem of veins 4 and 5 being longer in
some than others,

Anerastia illibella, Sp. nov. Expands 16 mm. Palpi light ocher fuscous.
Head and thorax light ocher with fuscous tinge. Fore wings, light ocher, hghtest
along costa, forming an indistinct stripe, and darkest just behind subcostal vein. A
slight powdering of fuscous scales, more marked on the veins. Hind wings white.
Beneath light ocher on fore wings, white on hind wiags.

2 d'3', 1 9, Tex. Not properly congeneric with Amerasta on
account of a remarkable development of the clypeus, but I place it here
till a genus is created for the species.

Anerastia opacella, Sp. nov. Expands 22mm. Palpi dark gray. Head and
thorax fuscous brown. Abdomen light ocher. Fore wings with the portion anterior
to the median line white, posterior portion blackish gray. The two colors somewhat
merge into each other, and the white, especially posteriorly and outwardly, is dusted
with black and fuscous scales. Hind wings ocher fuscous. Beneath, fuscous on
fore wings, light fuscous on hind wings.

lige 2.90... Tex.

Ephestia opalescella, Sp. nov. Expands 14 tor8 mm. Palpi, thorax, and
fore wings dull even ocher white, the head parts faintly washed with fuscous.
A faint extra basal fuscous point on fore wing at center, showing probably the loca-
tion of an obsolete cross line. A faint discal point of same color. Extreme outer
edge a little fuscous, with fringe composed of intermixed white and dark scales. Hind
wings light ocher, with fuscous tinge, stained darker along margin. Beneath, light
ocher, with outer margins slightly stained.

300 - -Cal,

Ephestia Ella, Sp. nov. Expands 14 to18 mm. Head parts very dark fus-
cous. Thorax very dark fuscous in front, lighter behind. Abdomen orange fuscous
on anterior segments, light fuscous on posterior. Fore wings even blackish brown,
with a costal stripe between subcostal and edge, clay white in color, with a slight
intermixture of brown scales, beginning at base, running toa point and becoming
obsolete just betore apex. The division between the two colors of the wing is sharp,
and they stand in strong contrast. The males seem to be slightly lighter in the pre-

-

vailing color of the fore wing. Hind wings dark fuscous. Beneath dark fuscous.

350, 2 QQ, Fla. Differs from the typical Zphesha in palpal
and antennal structure in the <j.

—139—

Descriptions of New Species of North American
TINEIDZ.

By Wu. BEUTENMUELLER.

Through the kindness of Rev. G. D. Hulst who has given me his
entire collection of Zimeide, and Mr. Henry Edwards who has placed at
my disposal all the material of his extensive collection, I have been ena-
bled to become acquainted with the following described species, which
appear to be new to science. The types are all in my collection.

Acrolophus violaceellus, n. sp. <j. Head and antenne, yellowish brown ;
labial palpi thrown over the head and thorax, the scales beneath of equal length on
all the joints, yellowish brown, except on the outside of the basal joint which is fus-
cous. Primaries, fuscous, with a strong violet reflection, without markings except an
indistinct discal spot and a few marks on the costa before the apex. Secondaries,
fuscous, without the violet reflection. Thorax, abdomen, legs and the underside of
wings, fuscous. ©, much larger than 3. Primaries and secondaries, fuscous, with
the violet reflection present on both, and the discal spot almost invisible. The wings
are also much broader than those of the <j’, and the costa of the primaries more
arcuate. Expanse of wings §' 26mm. © 34 mm. 4 o and 1 ©. North Carolina.

This species can be at once distinguished by its plain color, and
violet reflection.

Acrolophus Hulstellus, n. sp. <j, head fuscous, with rather long scales on
the vertex projecting backwards ; labial palpi re-curved over the head and thorax,
first and second joints with short fuscous scales on the underside, third joint brush-
like with long diverging scales. Antennze pale brown, very long, nearly half the
length of the fore-wing. Primaries, fuscous, covered irregularly with rust colored
scales, an obsolete dark brown basal streak below the subcostal vein, running
outwardly to nearly the middle of the wing, immediately below and a little beyond a
small spot of the same color. The apical portion of the wings deep brown, limited
by an oblique patch running from the end of the discal cell to the internal angle.
Secondaries, thorax and abdomen, fuscous. ©, labial palpi very short and not
erect. Primaries, stone drab, covered, with bluish gray scales about the lighter por-
tion ; the basal streak absent, the base being covered with a number of dark brown
scales instead, the oblique patch much larger and more suffused. Expanse of wings,
Jd, 20mm., ©, 24 mn, I 6, Indian River, Fla. 1 © Kissimmee, Fla,

Very distinct from all its congeners hitherto described and easily
distinguished by the oblique patch on the primaries. I have gratefully
dedicated this singular insect to my good friend Rev. Geo. D. Hulst,
who has given me so much encouragement in the study of the Zimerde.

Acrolophus Davisellus, n. sp. Head and thorax, fuscous, mixed with grayish
scales, labial palpi short, ascending, but not recurved over the head and thorax, deep
brown outside, and ochreous inside. Primaries, fuscous, irregularly mottled with
deep brown patches, forming a sub-lunate dash, running from the disc nearly to the
apex, and another patch on the fold about the middle of the wing, below which there
is a dirty white space running along the middle third of the internal margin, other
dirty white scales scattered over the wings, cilia brown, with pale spots. Secondaries
and cilia fuscous. Expanse of wings j', 28 mm. Q, unknown. 1 <j, Arizona.

—140—

The species is allied to A. arcanella, Clem. Named in honor of my
friend Wm. T. Davis of Staten Island, N. Y., an earnest and closely ob-
serving entomologist.

Acrolophus plumifrontellus, Clem., var. angustipennella, n. var.

This variety differs from the type form in having the wings much
narrower, and the markings almost absent. It is also much smaller.

Expanse of wings 25 mm. 6 (, Georgia and Fla.

0

A remarkable Arctian and a history.
By Davip Brucr, Brockport, N. Y.

captured a strange moth at light, which I saw and pronounced an un-
described species. It was in general appearance something like a large
dark colored Luchetes egle. ‘The head, body and legs sooty brown,
small black dorsal spots on body; all the wings brownish mouse color.
The veins on fore wings distinctly white as in Ct venosa and Cressonana ;

In the beginning of June this year a friend in Batavia, N. Y.,
|
{

it was a © in fair condition, and reviving from the effect of a weak
cyanide bottle she laid about 2 dozen eggs on the setting board. I took
charge of half the eggs, they were yellow and hatched in a few days. I
fed them on leaves of Plum at first, then found they would eat Plantain on
which I reared them. I carefully watched and noted every change and
observing how much they resembled Spz/osoma, I compared them with
several larvee of S. Virginica, which were abundant by the roadsides in
Denver, but these though varying much were mostly nearly white, while
my larvae were of a rich chestnut brown with black heads, hairs on second
and third segments velvety black. I carried them with me everywhere. |
They were 2 weeks above timber line. ‘They all flourished and pupated
and in 12 days after, the whole lot emerged from the cocoons in splendid
condition, but to my disappointment and disgust—were examples of
Spilosoma Virginica. think this is a remarkable case of melanism
and deserves recording. If my friend had not preserved the eggs and I
had not reared the larvz, this would certainly have been named as a new
species and would have been a standing puzzle to Entomologists.

——————~ +. ____

In the Tidschrift vor Entomologie, Vol. XXX, Prof. P. T. C. Snellen has an
extended article on the Lepidoptera of the Island of Curacao, W. I., in which a
number of species are described and figured. Among these p. 54, pl. 4, f. 6, is one
described as Thelceteria costemaculalis, which is the counterpart of Emprepes novalis,
Grt. In the same article reference is made to the fact that Zophodia (Megaphycis)
Goltii Zell., is found in the Island, and the species is described p. 64, and is figured
pleibs deo: Geo. D. HuLst.

TON UCI
AMERICA

VOL, IIT. BROOKLYN, NOVEMBER, 1887. NO. 8.

NOTES ON LACHNOSTERNA.
By GreorcE H. Horn, M. D.

There is probably no genus of Scarabeide in our fauna about which
so little is known by the numerous collectors in our country as Lachno-
sterna. This too in face of the fact that the species are for the most part
of large size and abundant whenever found. Unfortunately there are no
striking differences between the species which arrest the first glance. A
few seem to have met easy recognition and are correctly named in every
series examined such as crenulata, hirsuta, hirtiula, micans, trisis and
fusca although several species are often mixed under the latter name.

It is not surprising that attention has not been given to the species
as the literature at present available does not give great assistance, and in
my own case there was almost equal difficulty in arriving at a correct de-
termination of the species with the types for comparison along with the
literature.

Lachnosterna is certainly one of the most difficult genera in our fau-
na and the correct determination of the species has been rendered uncer-
tain by the large proportion described from uniques.

For more than twenty years I have had in mind a careful study of
the genus and have allowed no opportunity to escape that would add to
the material on hand and many atime in the slow accumulation my
Lachnosterna boxes have served asa relaxation when other work has
been burdensome.

While on a visit to the Museum at Cambridge during the past Sum-
mer I had an opportunity through the kindness of the Curator, to com-
pare a selected series from my own cabinet with the types of Dr. LeConte.
With this as a basis it became necessary to go over the works of previous

authors to verify the determinations and eliminate error as far as possible.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 20 NovEMBER 1887.

—142—

In the present short essay I propose to give the results of my syno-
nymical study, or at least my present determinations, as a closer study
when the descriptions are to be written may possibly modify the views
here given.

In a paper published by me (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ’78, p. 137-138)
I have shown that Tostegoptera, Eugastra, Endrosa and Gynnis should
be united with Lachnosterna. This view I have seen no reason for
changing.

Among the species at present in our lists there is some confusion and
more synonymy. In order to make the synonymy clear I propose to take
the authors by date of seniority.

Froehlich describes fusca and crenulata.

Fabricius describes /ris/s.

Knoch describes guercus, micans, iicts, hirticula, hirsuta, pilosicollis
(—tristis) guercina (=fusca).

Gyllenhal describes /ervens (=fusca) Knochit and georgicana (=cren-
ulata).

Say describes longifarsis, ephilida, baha and lanceolata.

Harris describes /raferna ; Hentz describes porcima (=ilicis).

Melsheimer describes rugosa and pruinosa || (=prunina Lec).

Blanchard (Ent. Mus. Paris) described many species from our fauna
and quotes a number of others some erroneously. As many of those
species were unknown to Dr. LeConte, it has been thought advisable to
condense what is known of them. They are all described as Ancylonycha.

L. profunda Bl. distinct species allied to rugosa and Knochii.

, orevicolis Bl, a race of fusca.

, fervida } Bl. is crassissima Bl.

, puncticolis Bl. probably a good species allied to fusca.

» JServens { Bi. is congrua Lec.

» uniformis Bl. is ephilida Say.

, pruinosa } Bi. is gibbosa Burm. (futs Lec. )

, erenuata { Bi. is hirticula,

, erassissima Bl. subsequently described as obesa Lec.

, longicornis Bl. Ihave examined the type but it is doubtful as
a member of our fauna, all the other species given by Castel-
nau are from Brazil.

, mucans { Bl. is prununculina (cerasina Lec. )

, diffinis Bl. is allied to fraterna, has a very long antennal club
and the last ventral ¢{ not impressed. It is from South Caro-
lina, M. Sallé informs me, not Texas.

Burmeister (Handbuch 1855) follows with a much greater series, de-

scribed as Ancylonycha and Trichestes.

—143—

Z. quercina Kn, is fusca.
, fraterna t Burm. I have no doubt that this is prunina Lec:
from which the prulinosity of the surface has been removed by
alcohol. By admitting this, some of the following descriptions
may be better understood and the species identified.
ZL. micans Knoch, correctly identified.
, cognata Burm, is correctly determined by Leconte.
, gibbosa Burm. The following remark is added to the de-crip
tion ‘‘One of the two specimens before me shows a remarka-
ble anomaly ; the ventral segments usually connate are free, in
their middle convex resembling the appearance of barrel-hoops. ”
By this seemingly unimportant note I have discovered speci-
mens of futilis Lec. which agree as well in the anomaly as in
the description.
L. Forstri Burm. seems to be that described as lugubris Lec.
, Knochit Gyll. Burmeister described from the type.
, dicts { Burm. Ihave specimens which seem to agree and will
require a new name,
L. fimtriata Burm. is the true ilicis Knoch.
, crenulata Frohl, and Airtiiuda Knoch are correctly determined.
, aoma Burm. Known to us but rare.

, rugosa Mels. correctly determined.

, comata Burm, is balia Say.

» guercus Knoch. correctly determined,

, lanceolata Say, under Tostegoptera, correctly determined.

The following are described as Trichestes.

L,. tristis Fab. correctly determined.

, comans Burm. subsequently described as rufiola Lec. determ-

ined from a duplicate in Zimmerman’s old collection.

Z. crinitta Burm. subsequently described as glabripennis Lec.

, ephilida Say. correctly determined.

, longilarsis Say. correctly determined by Burm. notwithstanding

LeConte’s opinion to the contrary.

L. prununculina Burm. since described as cerasina Lec.

, gracilis Burm. since described as volvula Lec.

, dispar Burm. Subsequently described as Gynnis debilis Lec.

The Revision of the Melolonthide by Dr. LeConte appeared nearly
two years after the work of Burmeister. The species of Lachnosterna
were described in part as Eugastra, Endrosa and Gynnis, while Toste-
goptera was then suppressed. ‘The following are the species :

L. ventricosa Lec. with cribrosa Lec. as synonym.

, gquercus Knoch. correctly determined.

—144—

vo'vula Lec. is gracilis Burm.

lanceolata Siy, correctly determined.

equalis and farcia Lec. valid species. The first is represented
by an unique.

torla Lec. a very distinct species.

JSrontalis Lec. is scarcely a variety of longitarsis Say.

dispar Burm incorrectly determined, is clemens Horn.

lat frons Lec. a good species.

cerasina Lec. is prununculina Burm.

ephilida Say, correctly determined.

Burmeistert Lec. a smaller race of ephilida. The name was
given under the supposition that Burmeister had incorrectly de-
termined longitarsis Say,

. glaberrima Bi. correctly determined.

imana L.2c. is the same as volvula and is gracilis Burm.
congrua Lec. a valid species.

Juilis Lec. is gibbosa Burm.

Susca Frohl. correctly determined.

cephalica Lec. very closely allied to fusca.

decidua Lec. is comans Burm.

sororia Lec. is a composite species, the Q type is a micans the
ov is comans Burm.

micans Knoch, correctly determined,

serricormis Lec. is the Q of futilis and is gibbosa Burm.

semicribrata Lec. a mere variety of lugubris.

lugubris Lec. without much doubt Forsteri Burm,
cognafa Burm. correctly determined.

Jraterna Harr. correctly determined.

lutescens Lec. a slight variety of lugubris.

corrosa Lec. a valid species.

calceata and marginalis Lec. valid species.

obesa Lec. is crassissima B].

prunina Lec. (for pruinosa || Mels.) a good species.
rugosa Mels. correctly determined.

afinis Lec. a good species.

Knochit Gyll. correctly determined.

dicts Knoch, correctly determined.

ciliata Lec. possibly a race of ilicis.

subtonsa Lec. is ilicis Burm.

hirticula Kn. and hirsuta Kn. correctly determined.
balia Say, correctly determined.

viltfrons Lec. a good species.

—145—

L. hirticeps Lec. does not differ from vilifrons.

» ‘lida Lec. Of this I have seen two Q specimens, while possi-
bly a valid species it may be an anomalous fusca.

L. rufila Lec. is comans Burm.

» robusta Lec. is crassissima Bl.

» iwtegra Lec. This name is preoccupied, clypea/a is suggested
instead.

» erenulafa Frohl. and a‘bina Burm. correctly determined.

» parvidens Lec. and rubiginosa Lec. valid species.

» Submucida Lec. and glabricula Lec. valid species.

» &labripenms Lec. is crinita Burm.

, “ists Fab. correctly determined.

» erinita } Lec. is a race of tristis Fab.

, debilis Lec. (Gynnis, ) is dispar Burm.

» errans Lec. a valid species.

, maculicollis Lec. and nitidula Lec, are good species and consti-
tute a special division.

A few other species have been described but these do not affect
synonymy and are left for a fuller bibliography.

From what precedes it may be scarcely necessary to say that my
work on a monograph of the species has fairly begun and has progressed
so far that the species are well separated and the synoptic tables prepared
subject to such modification as may be found necessary when descriptions
are written.

While I must frankly admit that I do care to be interrupted in the
work of writing descriptions of about eighty species, I am_ perfectly
willing to return the names to any one who will send carefully compared
duplicates of any species, preferably both sexes. I cannot at present
consent to receive any which must be returned.

Some Additional Synonymy.

Agrilus texanas Crotch, on comparison this species proves to be
cavata Chev.

Cymatodera fallax Horn, is balteata Lec. My error resulted from an
accidental change of label in the Leconte collection.

Trox foveicollis Har., is imsularis Chev.

See

Early Stages of Orgyia nova, Fitch.
By Henry Epwarps.

The egg mass, differing only in being surrounded by a web of dark-
er color than O. deucostigma was found attached to a species of Pinus at
Houghton, Michigan, Oct. 1885. The larvae emerged May 1-8, 1886.

Foung larva. Ground color of the body, dull brown, with the tuber-
cular bases of the long hairs, distinctly black, Head rather large, jet
black, shining. The second segment, (that immediately adjoining the
head) also swollen, with its lateral tubercle, larger than the rest. Across
the 3d and 4th segments is a dull pale streak, and a narrower one also
across the 8th segment. ‘The hairs are spread out widely at the sides and
posteriorly, and are nearly as long as the body of the Jarva. Under side
mouse color, with the feet black, shining. Before shedding its first skin,
the small tubercle at the base of the 2d segment becomes indistinctly coral
red. This color does not appear until just before the shedding of the
skin. There is also some variation in the ground color; some specimens
becoming sordid white, with all intermediate shades to a pale brown,
At this period, the little caterpillars put out a long silken thread, some-
times to the extent of 18 inches, which in their natural condition, doubt-
less enables them to pass to other portions of their food-plant. The
length of the caterpillar at 3 days old, was about 3 mm. to 4 mm.

After rst moult (Mav 9.) The head, 2nd, 4th to 8th segments inclusive,
the 10th, 11th and 12th are now rich velvety black, the segments divided)
by a waved streak of sordid white. The 3d and gth segments are dul
white, the latter with dull yellow dashes anteriorly. At the base of the
2nd segment are two tubercular proceesses, red at their base, and there is
a coral-red spot on the roth and 11th segments respectively. Underside
as well as the legs and feet dull black. Length 5-6 mm. As the larva
increases in size before again moulting, the whole of the black space be-
comes a dull pale brown, and there appear on the 10th and 11th segments
two very strongly marked red sealing wax like tubercles, those of the
same color on the 2d segment becoming also more distinct. The tuber-
cles of the other segments are now rich black, very strongly shown in
contrast with the ground color. The yellow dashes of the 9th segment
are now bright rich orange color.

Afier 2nd Moult (May 18.) The usual tufts of hair common to
the genus now appear, and all the colors are bright and clear. Head jet
black, shining. Mouth parts sordid white. Second segment also black,
with white hairs in centre and with two long pencils of black hairs,
thickly massed at their summit. At their base, the two reddish tubercles
formerly noted. Dorsal region of segments three and four yellowish
white with black median streak. Sides black. Segments five and six

—147-—

surmounted by large velvety black tufts of hairs; seven and eight by
tufts of shorter clear white hairs; gth segment bright orange, with
whitish waves ; roth and 11th with the red tubercles very distinct, 12th
with pencil of black hairs, directed backwards. Anal segment, dull
brown. Along the lateral region which is black, are some faint and
slightly waved dull yellow lines. Under side dull slate color, feet and
legs concolorous.
Length, 11 mm.

After this moult, there is no change in the larva except in size until
it attains its mature growth which has been fully described in Proc. Cal.
Acad. Se. and Papilio by myself and Mr. R. H. Stretch.

It is a question for doubt as to whether this form is, or is not, the
same as the European Org. antigua L. I have elsewhere stated it as my
opinion that the two are identical, but there is certainly a considerable
difference in the larval stages. My specimens fed upon Pyrus communis
and Wild Cherry, though the many <‘" I took in Michigan were hover-
ing around a species of Pinus on which I also found several QQ. The
species appears to be northern in its habitat,as I first took it inVancouver
Island and have observed it also in Northern Ontario and in Quebec.

> e+.

’ Ed. Ent. Am.
Dear Sir,

In reference to the interesting contents of the last number of
your Journal I would state that Mola fuscula is founded on a Colorado
example which seemed to belong to a larger and paler species than the
Texan minuscula in my collection. It is probable, as I at the time sus-
pected, that it is only a local variety. In separating A. wirgo and Saun-
ders, \ referred to the character of the narrower stripes and the W or M
mark ; I think the x mark may be derived from the W. In my list the
species are not arranged with exactitude. At that time there was no cer-
tainty (nor is there now) as to their real standing. In my opinion no
lumping of our Arctias can be called ‘‘good” which is not based on
breeding and a knowledge of the variations of the larvae. As to Mr.
Walker’s names, care must be taken that we have to do with his real type
and that his printed description bears the species out. Between my first
and second visits to the British Museum specimens had been added. I
refer to my already printed papers for instances where specimens of sev-
eral species appeared under one label.

A. R. Grote.

—148—

The Collection of Insects in National Museum.

We learn that the U. S. National Museum has acquired by purchase
Mr. J. B. Smith’s Collection of Native and Foreign Insects.

Mr. Smith’s collection of American Coleoptera contained nearly
5000 species, and was especially rich indeed almost perfect in the Cizn-
delide and Carabide and in some families, notably the JAlordelide, it
was typical. Of European and other Exotic Coleoptera there were fully
5000 species.

In the Lepidoptera, while the collection was not so complete as in
Coleoptera, yet in some families it was scarcely excelled by any collection.
The British Museum with the possession of Mr. Grote’s collection has
many more types in the (Vocfuide, but Mr. Grote’s collection was by no
means so complete in species; among these of the Museum are many
types and typical specimens.

From what we are able to learn the collection of insects in the Na-
tional Museum at Washington is rapidly and steadily becoming the best
in the country. It contains the following individual collections,

Collection of Prof. C. V. Riley, a statement of which was published
Ento. Am. Vol. I, p. 55, consisting of 17,225 species in various orders,
with 115,058 specimens. This is incomparably rich in examples of lar-
val development and history.

Collection of Prof. C. V. Riley of adolescent stages in alcohol, and
minute insects and larve in Balsam.

Collection of O. Meske of Albany, at one time one of the most val-
uable in the country, and containing many types.

Collection of J. B. Smith above mentioned.

Collection of Belfrage, contained in part in the Riley Collection, the
large lot of Exotics however coming through the Department of Agricul-

ture.
The Burgess Collection of Diptera, also forming part of the Riley

Collection.

The Morrison Collection purchased from his relatives.

Dr. Williston’s types of the Syrphidee are also to go to the Museum,
as he states in his Monograph.

To these are to be added the vast and varied accumulations of the
Entomological Division of the Department of Agriculture. The Collec-
tions of this Division Prof. Riley has wisely placed in the National Mu-

seum.
Also large increase has been made through the ordinary channels of

exchange. ‘The collection is therefore one of exceptional value and in
view of the certainty that hereafter it will be in the care of some specialist
as Curator or Assistant it offers itself as a safe and proper depository for
the collection of specialists.

Observations on Capside with descriptions of new species.

By P. R. Unier.
(No. 4.)

Div. BRYOCORARIA.

ECCRITOTARSUS Stal.

E. elegans, new sp.

Elliptical with the hemelytra parallel-sided, the pronotum transverse and steeply
sloping in front, the upper surface opaque, strongly pilose. General color fuscous,
the head, legs, antennze, base of rostrum, most of the pectoral and ventral surfaces,
and the collar of the pronotum pale rufous. Head clothed with minute pubescence,
vertex very short, transverse almost horizontal, not as wide as the apex of the prono-
tum, the eyes small, round, prominent. Face nearly vertical, the tylus prominent.
the rostrum reaching to the posterior coxze, fuscous from beyond the base to the tip.
Antenne thick, as long as the hemelytra, the basal joint about as long as the head,
the second equally stout, curved, as long as the pronotum and head united, the third
slender, nearly as long as the second, the fourth equally slender, a little longer than
the basal one. Pronotum transverse, gently arched transversely, a little convex, fus-
cous, clothed with fuscous erect pubescence; the collum not apparantly pubescent,
rufous, acutely prominent, connected on the middle with a raised slender line that
runs back to base, an impressed transverse line bounding the base of the anterior
lobe; lateral margin sinuated, at the humere prominent, with the angles subacuminate,
Scutellum nearly equilateral, almost flat, rufous, somewhat indented near the middle.
Legs long, rufous sometimes piceous on the tarsi and end of tibiae; the posterior pair
very long, with the femora incurved, but not clavate. Hemelytra testaceous, or whit-
ish, clothed with erect slender, gray pubescence; the clavus and inner margin
of the corium marked with fuscous, together forming a large suboval spot which ex-
tends to behind the middle of the corium; tip of corium crossed by a band of the
same color, and the apex of the cuneus is also fuscous; membrane fuscous or black.
Venters short and broad, blunt at tip, but a little more than one half as long as the
hemelytra, rufous marked with black, or sometimes entirely black, or fuscous.

Length to tip of venter 9 13—2 millims, -j' 14 millims, to tip of membrane Q
2—21, 9’ 2 millims.

This beautiful little insect has been collected in Central Texas by Mr.
Belfrage ; in Riley County, Kansas, by Prof. Poponoe, and in Illinois by
Robert Kennicott and Prof. Forbes. A specimen from Los Angeles, Cal.,
is in the U. S. National Museum. As is the case in many genera of the
Capside, the head of the male is shorter, the vertex more depressed, and
the face less convex than in the female.

It should be noticed that the genus Szxveonofus Reuter is preoccupied
by Pycnoderes Guerin ; the latter name having priority by many years over
the former.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 22 NovEMBER 13887.

Monacoris ficilis Linn., proves to be widely distributed in North
America. It has been brought from the vicinity of Fort Simpson on the
Mackenzie River, by Robert Kennicott ; and spreads South as far as
‘Tamaulipas, Mexico. On the Eastern side of the continent, it has been
found from Chicontimi and Montmorency, Province of Quebec, through
all the United States southward into Florida.

Div. CYLLECORARIA.

EUCEROCORIS, Westw.
E. guttulatus n. sp.

Elongate subcylindrical, contracted behind the head, dull cinnamon-fulvous,
more or less springled with rutous, with a pale yellow, transverse spot at the base of
the cuneus, and with the antennze, excepting the terminal joint, the tibia, posterior
pair of coxze and base of venter whitish-yellow. Head bluntly rounded, opaque,
sparsely pubescent, more or less rufous; face nearly vertical, vertex a little longer
than the width of the eyes, with a slender groove extending from the base to before
the middle, the eyes black, oval, prominent, almost vertical, separated from the
thorax by a contracted collum ; front moderately convex, the tylus long and promi-
nent ; rostrum reaching to the posterior coxz, pale yellowish, the basal joint stout,
rufous or brownish, extending to a point on a line with the base of anterior coxee, the
apical joint mostly piceous; antennze much longer than the body and hemelytra
united, filiform, not tapering, the basal joint a little stouter, the apical one very short,
black or piceus. Pronotum campanulate, very sparsely pubescent, the posterior lobe
polished, a little longer than the anterior one, anterior lobe convex in both diameters,
paler and more rufous, depressed on the middle, the anterior and antero-lateral
margin bluntly recurved, supra-coxal lobe lunate, vertical, strongly defined by deep
sutures. The two anterior pairs of coxze flecked with rufous ; femora long, the two
anterior pair slender, tinged with rufous above and on the outside, especially at tip,
posterior femora stout, long fusi form, a little curved, mostly piceo-rufous, tibiz still
longer and more slender, pale testaceous, minutely piceous at tip, armed with long,
slender, dark spines, of which those on the posterior proceed from black dots, the
tarsi a little infuscated at tip, with the nails piceous, basal joint nearly as long as the
apical, the intermediate joint very short. Scutellum strongly convex, accuminate and
pale at tip. Hemelytra long and narrow with a broader rounded membrane, dull
‘tawny, minutely pubescent, having a minute, pale dot on the corium next the apex of
the clavus, and a pale, transverse line at base of the cuneus, membrane pale, marked
with a spot of fuliginous at tip which is sinuous on its inner border; veins of the
areole, and also of the wings, red. Abdomen much contracted on the basal third,
polished, tawny, darker posteriorly, the venter with a large white spot extending to
beyond the middle.

Length to tip of venter: | 44, 9 54 mm.; to tip of membrane: <j 6},
O 6—7 mm.

Taken from the Liriodendron and from Grape vines in several parts
of Maryland, from the Eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay to the hills of
Frederick County, at various times between July 18th and August 14th.
It occurs also in Texas and Western Illinois. The swollen figure of the

=a Glee

venter, especially in the female, gives a decidedly Pols/es-like aspect to
this remarkable form, and it also bears some resemblance to our forms
of Adydus and Beryius. It can hardly be the species “2. aigrieps, de-
scribed by Prof. Westwood, Londsn Entom. Soc. Trans., v. II, 1837,
p. 22, pl. II, fig. 7, as the type of his genus ; but the proportions in form
there given would seem to approach very nearly to those of our species,
notwithstanding the disparity in the colors of the two insects.

The genus Xene/us established by Mr. Distant in the Biologia Cen-
trali-Americana will, no doubt, prove upon actual comparison of the
types to be the same as this Lwucerocoris of Prof. Westwood. In the
former, the eyes are stated to be ‘‘contiguous to the anterior margin of
the pronotum,” but in all the numerous specimens that | have examined
only the immature females seem to have a corner of the eye in contact
with the pronotum. In the males, the eyes are, as in many genera of
Capside, widely remote from the collum of the pronotum, while in the
females they are in direct contact therewith. No contact is seen in the
figure of Neneius bracteatur Dist.. which exactly agree in form with our
species of Lucerocorts described above.

An interesting New Genus of South American Tachinide.

By Pror. S. W. WILLirsTon.

In a valuable collection of South American Diptera, received from
Mr. H. H. Smith for study, I have found a very singular species of
Tachinide, of sufficient interest to justify its description in advance of a
more extended paper now in preparation. The species differs not much
in structure from some of Furinia, save in the antennze, but the structure
of these, at least in the male, is the most remarkable that I have seen in
the order. The peculiarity of structure is essentially sexual, though the
female antennz shows a trace of the male structure, sufficiently unique in
itself to distinguish the species generally with sharpness. The singular
development is in the third joint alone, which as a whole is of very large
size and composed of elongate slender rods enclosing a deep narrow
basket-like cavity. How such a peculiarity should have arisen, and what
service it can be to the male fly are speculations, which, like those on
many other striking sexual peculiarities of structure so common among
Diptera, must for the present remain as speculations. Here, as is so
generally the rule among Diptera, and indeed among all forms of animal

—152—

life, the peculiarity, so far as it is sexual, is a male character; but it is
in this family where we find more frequently than in any other, definite
female sexual structural peculiarities—I mean the flattened front tarsi ;
similar and striking female characters | have observed in several South
American Syrphide, but I can recall few other instances in the order.

The structure of the antennz in the present case, as well as I can
describe it, is as follows: The first joint is short ; the second stout, and
about twice as long as the first, its width at the tip nearly as great as the
length. The third consists essentially of two very slender processes or
branches, which give off twelve pairs of slender rods symmetrically. The
upper branch, the shorter, extends forward parallel with the upper border
of the second joint ; the other springs at a right angle from the extreme
base, and descends to the oral margin, curved throughout, and forming
the convex hypothenuse of the right-angled triangle, the other two sides
of which are straight. . From the upper branch there arise four, from the
lower eight pairs of rods, which are slender, horizontal and parallel, sep-
arated by about their own width from the adjoining ones on each side,
and gently curved outward to enclose the deep bilaterally symmetrical
cavity. They all terminate in a vertical plane, and form, in front view,
an elongate elliptical figure four or five times as long as wide. The rods
become successively shorter, the two last pairs being very short, and from
between the branches of the upper terminal pair arises the stout, three-
jointed arista. — The whole structure might be compared with the ribs
and keel of a very narrow deep ship.

In the female the structure is very different, more like that of the
ordinary antenna of a Yurinia, except that there is a deep fissure from the
anterior inferior margin, running parallel with the upper margin, two-
thirds or more of the way to the base and dividing the joint into two un-
symmetrical parts. The tendency toward the remarkable fissural struct-
ture of the male is yet further shown on one side only of one of the two
females, where the upper portion has yet another, more shallow, emarg-
ination, forming two points to the division, and in the other female where
the lower part has two very shallow emarginations of its border, The
second joint is more slender than in the male, scarcely half the length of
the third. The other generic characters are as follows :

Talarocera, gen. nov. Eyes small, bare. Front broad in both sexes; in the
male with a single row of bristles, descending below the insertion of the antennee ; in
the female with two additional bristles without, directed anteriorly. Fossulate portion
of the face broad and shallow, the sides of the face rather narrow, and wholly with-
out bristle ; epistoma strongly projecting forwards ; bristles confined to lowermost
portion and oral margin, more on the cheeks; a single stout one at lower end of
lateral ridges. Palpi projecting beyond the oral margin, broad and flat, spatulate.

Occiput thickly hairy. Second segment of the oval abdomen with two median post-
erior bristles ; third segment with about eight on its posterior margin. Legs with
moderately strong bristles. Neuration as in Yurinia; first posterior cell narrowly
open before the tip, its posterior angle rectangular and with a minute appendiculation;
posterior cross-vein oblique, its junction with the fourth vein twice as remote from the
anterior cross-vein as from the angle of the first posterior cell.

Talarocera Smithii, n. sp. Head yellow, the front reddish or somewhat
brownish. Third joint of antennee yellowish red, in the female broadly brownish in
front, the arista black. Palpi yellow ; proboscis black, its horizontal portion about
as Jong as the front tibie. Hair of occiput light golden yellow. Thorax deep shin-
ing, somewhat bluish black, lightly pruinose and with two slender stripes in front
when seen from behind. Abdomen reddish translucent black, shining, the tip tri-
angularly reddish yellow. Legs deep black. Wings and tegule deep brown. Length
t4—1I5 mm,

Three specimens, Capada, Brazil (December and January), collected
by Mr. H. H. Smith, well known as a writer.on Brazil, and for his ex-
tensive South American natural history collections.

o_o

A NEW SPHINX.
By J. B. Smira.

Sphinx coloradus, sp. nov.

Fuscous or ashen gray, dorsum of the thorax a little darker. A broad, deep
brown band trom base of antennze forming thence a broad margin to the patagiz.
This band narrowly margined with white on either side. Metathoracic tuftings
blackish. Abdomen with dorsum fuscous or brownish gray, with a narrow, darker
dorsal line. A broad lateral black band, interrupted by the narrow white margining
of the segments forming very narrow demi-bands, Beneath, dull ashen gray. Prim-
aries with a whitish shade through the center of wing from base to apex, this shade
inferiorly margined by another of deeper more fuscous gray. Though this darker
shade is a series of short, black, interspaced marks, the apical oblique dash formed
by a somewhat incomplete union of three of these dashes. Parallel with, and rather
near to the outer margin is a somewhat sinuate black line, with a paler gray shading
on either side, the line attaining neither the inner margin nor the apex. Fringes
pale, cut with darker gray. Secondaries brownish gray, immaculate ; fringes pale,
cut with darker gray. Beneath, uniformly brownish gray, with the apical dash faintly
reproduced.

Expands 1.2 inch. = 28 mm.—Hab. Colorado.

The type is a male in Mr. Graef’s collection. The species differs
from all in this group with immaculate secondaries by the paler subcostal
shade, which, with its darker inferior margining is characteristic of the
species. The palpi are short and slender, hardly exceeding the front.
Fore and middle tibia spinose, first joint of the tarsi with three longer,
stout spines on outer side. The spurs are weak and short.

Notes on Diludia, G. & 2.

By Joun B. Smrru.

The genus Didudia was created by Messrs. Grote and Robinson in
1865 with Sphinx brontes as type, and with it were associated flores/an and
collaris —all West Indian or South American species (see Proc, Ent. Soc.
Phil. 1865, 163 and 188). In describing the genus they say that Sphinx
Jasminearum and S. leucophceata would probably be referable to the same
genus when identified.

The genus is said to have the ‘‘head large and salient ; prothoracic
parts well advanced before the insertion of the primaries.”’ In the figure
of D. bronies, pl. 1, f. 5, these characters are well marked, and with the
genus as based on this species I have no present quarrel, though some of
the species referred to it come uncomfortably near to Profoparce or
Macrosila,

Besides the characters of dron/es noted by Messrs. Grote and Robin-
son it may be stated that the eyes are not lashed, the tibiae unarmed, fore
tarsi heavily spinose, but not with heavier outer armature. I have seen
no specimens from the United States, nor do I believe the species properly
referred as part of our fauna. In 1868 Messrs. Grote and Robinson
referred to the genus Di/udia the species jasminearum and leucopheata, the
latter unknown to them, and in Mr. Grote’s subsequent list of Sphingi-
dze the species are—jasminearum, bronies and leucopheata.

Leucopheata 1 have seen from Mexico, and believe its presence in
Texas whence Clemens received it, was accidental. In habitus it some-
what resembles dron/es, but the head is not so prominent. The eyes are
lashed, the fore tibia spinose, fore tarsi with a series of longer, stout outer
spines. In structure therefore it is most like //y/oicus, and indeed the
species is close to /ugens, which it also resembles in type of maculation—
differing however in the longer, more acute primaries. It is not congeneric
with dronées, but best referable to Sphimx and associated with /ugens.

Jasminearum differs from both the above species by the retracted
head and the prothorax not produced before the base of the primaries.
The legs are rather short and entirely unarmed; the fore tarsi have only
the ordinary small spines. In habitus it certainly does not at all resemble
brontes, and comes much closer to Varemma from which it differs how-
ever in the lack of tarsal armature.

I would propose for jasminearum the generic term Ch/lenogramma
distinguishing it from Dz/udia and Daremma by the characters above men-
tioned. From Sphinx it differs among other things in having unlashed eyes.

Diludia not containing any American species must be dropped from
our lists.

—lI 5 Se
Hemipterological Contributions.

By Wiii1am H. ASHMEAD.
(No. 1.)

Family BERYTID/.

HOPLINUS, Stal.
Hoplinus multispinus, n. sp.

Length .20 inch. Pale yellowish brown, tarsi and terminal antennal joint,
black. Head armed with three spines, one median on a line with base of antenne,
prominent but blunt, and one on each side just back of antenne. There is a prom-
inent acute spine at base of scutellum, two short sharp spines at tip of abdomen, and
one on each pleura, extending and slightly curving over at base of elytra. Prothorax
long, narrowed before, more than twice the length of the width at base, punctured,
with a slight median carina, the narrow transverse portion just before tne middle im-
punctured. The legs are long and thin, the posterior femora reaching beyond the

tip of the abdomen.
Hab,—Florida.

This interesting addition to our fauna, is the first of the genus to be
recognized in our fauna.

The genus was erected by Prof. C. Stal to contain a Chilian species,
Niides spinosissimus Signoret, described by Dr. V. Signoret in Ann. Soc.
Ent. de France, 1864, and the above is, I believe, the only other species
‘known.

Family CAPSID A.

RHINOCLOA, Reuter.
Rhinocloa citri, n. sp.

Length .o5 inch. Black, shining, sparsely covered with little clumps of silvery
white hairs. Antenne long, first joint longer than head, rather stout, second joint
longest, black at the base and tip, yellowish in the middle, third not quite two-thirds
the length of second, yellowish, somewhat brownish or infuscated towards the tip,
fourth setaceous, yellow. The thorax is trapezoidal, somewhat convex, declining be-
fore. The tip of cuneus yellow, The abdomen and all the femora excepting at tips
are black, tips and anterior and middle tibize and tarsi yellowish, posterior tibize
blackish at base becoming a yellowish brown towards tip, tarsi yellowish. All
claws black.

Hab.— Florida.

Described from many specimens. These little Capsids are very in-

strumental in destroying scale insects, as I have detected them destroying
various species of Aspzdioti and Dactilopit on my Orange trees.

The species is very closely related to Rhinocloa forticomis Reut., de-

scribed from Texas; but the color of the legs and antennz will readily
separate them.

Sane

Family TINGITIDA.

SPHZEROCYSTA Stal.
Sphzrocysta Peckhami, n. sp.

Length .16 inch. Head and body black. Cells large, veins brown. On the
head are five long, slender, black spines; the pronotal vesicle is very small extending
but slightly over the head ; the discal vesicle very large and high spherical but divid-
ed into two parts with the cells slightly clouded ; the lateral lobes are greatly dilated,
arcuated and containing but four cells, the three anterior ones very large, transverse,
the posterior one small. A high arched, inflated carina extends about midway
between the discal vesicle posteriorly over the scutellum. The hemelytra are dilated
and extend posteriorly beyond the tip of abdomen, the basal angles deeply sinuated,
posterior angles rounded, outer row of cells large, transverse. Antennae and legs
brownish.

Hab.—Milwaukee, Wisconsin,

This genus was erected by Prof. C. Stal for two South American
species—S. zflafa and S. globifera Stal, from Rio Janeiro and the above
is the first of the genus to be recognized in North America.

Two specimens were sent to me by Prof. Geo. W. Peckham, of Mil-
waukee, Wis., in honor of whom the species is named.

————__ > *”@ $}—____—_-

Coleopterological Notes.

By Wn. BruTrENMUELLER.

« Osmoderma scabra Beauv., I found in the larval state, living
socially in decayed wood of Sweet-Gum, Hickory, Poplar, Willow, Syca-
more, Sassafras, Maple, Tulip-tree, Oak and Chestnut.

Cucujes clavipes, Fab. This beetle was found by Mr. O. Dietz
and myself at Fort Lee, New Jersey, Oct. 1887, under the bark of White
Oak. About 100 specimens were taken. I have also bred it from Wil-
low, Poplar, Hickory and Chestnut.

New Localities for Pterostichus tartaricus Say, (Lophh-
glossus sirenus Lec.). Since the note by Mr. C. Fuchs on ‘‘a lost
locality ” of this beetle, published in the Bull. B’klyn Ent. Soc., Vol. V,
p. 81, 1883, no specimens have been taken in the vicinity of New York,
N. Y., by any of our collectors. I was fortunate enough to capture a
single specimen at Astoria, Long Island, Sept. 1887. Other specimens
have also been taken at the foot of the Palisades, near Hoboken, N. J.
The beetle frequents damp situations.

Pasimachus sublevis Beauv. At Sandy Hook, New Jersey,
Aug. 15, 1887. I captured three specimens of this insect, under boards
in dry sandy places, and eleven specimens were taken in similar positions
on Stone Island, Lake Monroe, Florida, May 1887.

Food - Plants of Lepidoptera.

By Wm. BEUTENMUELLER.

[No. 5.]
(CEDEMASIA CONCINNA, A. & S.)

Rosacez.

Prunus Cerasus, Juss. (Common Garden ; Crataegus oxycantha. (Hawthorn.)
Cherry.) Pyrus malus, Tourn. (Common Apple.)

Prunus domestica, L. (Common Plum.) | Pyrus communis, L. (Common Pear.)
Kubus villosus, Ait. (Blackberry.)
Cornacee.
Cornus florida, L. (Flowering Dogwood.)
Hamamelacee.
Liquidambar styraciflua, L. (Sweet Gum.)
| Ebenacez.
Diespyros Virginiana, L. (Persimmon.)
Styracacez.
Halesia tetraptera, L. (Snow-drop Tree.)
Myricacez.
Myrica cerifera, L. (Bayberry, Wax Myrtle.)
Salicacez.

Salix alba, L. (White Willow.)

Salix Babylonica, Tourn. (Weeping
Salix lucida, Muhl. (Shining Willow.) |

Willow. )

Juglandacee.
Carya alba, Nutt. (Shell-bark Hickory.) | Gc

arya microcarpa, Nutt. (Small Fruited
Carya porcina, Nutt. (Pig-nut Hickory.)

Hickory.)

[No. 6.]
(THYRIDOPTERYX EPHEMERZEFORMIS, Haw.)

Magnoliacee.
Liriodendron tulipifera, L. (Tulip Tree.)
Berberidacez.
Berberis vularis, L. (Common Barberry.)

I iliacez.
Tilia Americana, L. Basswood.
,

Tilia Europez, L. (European Linden.)
Tilia heterophylla, Vent. (White Bass- | Tilia alba, Waldt. & Kit. (White Lin-
wood.) den.)

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL, III. 23 NoVEMBER 1887.

—158—

Sapindacee.

>culus hippocastania, L.
Chestnut.)
Acer rubrum, L.

(Horse-
(Red Maple.)

Acer dasycarpum, Ehr. (White or Silver

Maple. )

Acer pseudo-platanus, L.
irees)
Negundo aceroides, Moen, (Box Elder.)

(Mock Plane

Rhamnacee.

Rhamnus catharticus, L. (Buck-thorn.)

Leguminose.

Cercis Canadensis, L. (Red-bud or Judas

Robinia pseudacacia, L. (Common

ees Locust. )

Gleditschia triacanthos, L. (Honey Robinia viscosa, Vent. (Clammy Locust.)

Locust.)

Rosacex.
Prunus serotina, Ehr. (Wild Black | Pyrus communis. (Pear.)

Cherry.) Cydonia vulgaris. Pers. (Quince.)
Prunus Virginiana, L. (Choke Cherry.) | Spirzea opu.ifolia, L. (Nine Bark.)
Prunus maritima, Wang. (Beach Plum.) | Crategus oxycantha, L. (English Haw-
Prunus Cerasus, Juss. (Common Garden | thorn.)

Cherry.) Amelanchier Canadensis, Tor. & Gr.

Prunus domestica, L. (Plum.)
Pyrus Malus, Tourn. (Common Apple.)

(Service-berry.)

Caprifoliacee.

Viburnum Lentago, L.
num.)

(Sweet Vibur-

Viburnum acerifolium, L. (Maple-leaved
Viburnum.)

Hamamelacee.

Liquidambar styraciflua, L.
Gum.)

(Sweet | Hamamelis Virginica, L. (Witch Hazel.)

Ericacee.

Gaylussacia resinosa, Torr. & Gr.

(Huckleberry.)

Ebenacee.

Diospyros Virginiana, L.

(Persimmon. )

Oleacee.

Fraxinus Americana, L.

(White Ash.)

Lauracee.

Sassafras officinale, Nees.

(Sassafras. )

Urticacee.

Ulmus fulva, Michx, (Slippery or Red
Elm.

Ulmus Americana, L. (Am. Elm.)

Ulmus campestris, L.
Elm.)

(English Field

Platanacee.

Platanus occidentalis, L. (Sycamore.)

| Platanus orientalis, L.

(Oriental Plane.)

Cupuliferz.

Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.) Castania vesca, L. (Chestnut. )
Quercus obtusiloba, Michx. (Post Oak.) | Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Am. Beech.)
Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak.) | Fagus sylvatica, L. (Wood Beech.)

Quercus Prinus, L. (Chestnut Oak.) Fagus v. purpurea, Ait. (Purple Beech. )
Quercus coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) | Fagus v. laciniata, Lodd. (Cut-leaved
Quercus rubra, L. (Red Oak.) Beech.)
Quercus palustris, Du Roi, (Pin Oak.) | Carpinus Americana, Walt. (Hornbeam. )
Betulacez,
Betula alba, L. (White Birch.) | Betula papyracea, Ait. (Paper Birch.)
Betula v. populifolia, Spach. (American } Alnus serrulata, Ait. (Smooth Alder.
White Birch.) | Alnus incana, Willd. (Speckled Alder.
Salicacez.
Salix alba, L. (White Willow.) Populus grandidentata, Michx. (Large-
Salix fragilis, L. (Brittle Willow. ) toothed Aspen.)
Salix Babylonica, Tourn. (Weeping | Populus tremuloides, Michx. (American
Willow.) Aspen.)
Salix lucida, Muhl. (Shining Willow. ) Populus angulata, Ait. (Angled Cotton-
Populus alba, L. (Silver Poplar.) wood.)
Conifere.

Abies Canadensis, Michx. (Hemlock | Taxodium distichum. (Bald Cypress.)
Spruce. ) Thuja occidentalis, L. (Arbor Vitz.)

Larix Americana, Michx. (Am. Larch.) | Juniper communis, L. (Juniper. )

Cupressus thyoides, L. (White Cedar.) | Juniper Virginiana, L. (Red Cedar.)

—- + +<$}____—_-

A Note on the European Parasites and Food-Plants of
Cryptorhynchus Lapathi.

By L. O. Howarp.

In view of the interesting note of Mr. Jiilich in the October numher
of Exnromotocica Americana for the current year, upon the establishment
of Cryptorhynchus lapa‘hi in this country and its damage to Willows in the
vicinity of New York, it may be interesting to record the European para-
sites of this somewhat destructive beetle. These are, among the Ichneu-
monide, J/chneumon hassicus Ratz., Pimpla cicatricosa Ratz., Limneria
ruficeps Holmgr., and Lphialles tuberculatus Fourc. Among the Braconi-
de, Rogas marginator Nees, Rogas sp, undet., and Lracon immutator
Nees, have been reared from this insect ; while a solitary Proctotrupid-——
Diapria melanocorypha Rtz. —was reared from it by Ratzeburg.

But one of these parasites has been found in this country and this is
Ephialtes tuberculatus Fourc,, recorded by Mr. Cresson from U.S. and
Can., and bred from the Cryp/orhynchus by Ratzeburg and by him de-
scribed as Campoplex gracilis. It will be noticed that the only parasite
reared by Mr. Jiilich—Zp/zaltes irritator Fabr.—is congeneric with this
last, and it will be interesting to observe, as the beetle becomes more
thoroughly domiciled with us, whether the native parasites which will

— Tho

attack it will all approach its European enemies in structure so closely as
the one already reared. i

I may state also that Mr. Jiilich conveys a wrong impression in only
giving ‘‘Elder’ as the European food-plant, ‘Elder’ is not the German
“Erle,” but is applied to plants of the genus Sambucus. He undoubtedly
meant ‘‘Alder” (botanical genus A/mus), Kaltenbach gives as the
European food-plants of the Crvplorhynchus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Salix
spp. and Adnus spp., while Ratzeburg gives both Willow and Alder,

———_*__— +

Society News.

Brooklyh Entomological Society, Sept. 6th, 1887. 12 members present.
Mr. Weeks read a newspaper article upon insects attracted to the electric light, which
brought forth a great deal of interesting discussion and information from various
members upon the subject.

The general testimony was that vast numbers of insects were attracted to these
brilliant lights. That in many cases the dead insects form a bulk of quarts every
night. These lights made by all odds the best of collecting places. Different persons
had made arrangements with those who cleaned the lamps, and thus had been able
not only to get a mass of common material, but very many rare and hitherto almost
unique specimens. The Lepidoptera were apt to be worn by beating about the
globes, but the Coleoptera were generally in good condition. Mr. Gade reported
that in Fordham where formerly he had never failed to find good collecting, almost
nothing was this year taken at ‘‘sugar” or about the gas lights owing the electric
lights near by.

Oct. 4th, 1887.—15 members present. Mr. Herbert H. Smith was elected a

member.

The Treasurers’ report showed a favorable condition of the finances of the Society
owing to the liberal donations of some of the members.

Mr. Neumoegen proposed, and the proposition was adopted, that the members of
the Society donate to the Society some rare insects out of their personal collections to
be auctioned off for the benefit of the Society on the evening of the meeting, Dec. 6th,
the meeting previous to Christmas.

Mr. Weeks read a paper on Conotrachelus lapathit Linn., giving an account of
the first appearance of the insect in the vicinity of New York. So far as he could
learn, it was first taken by Mr. S. Lowell Elliot in 1882, in the Northern part of New
York City.

Mr. Weeks also read a paper on the food plants of Dezlephila lineata adding to
the Portulacee, Oenothera biennis.

Mr. Edwards was of the opinion the larvee could be considered omnivorous. He
had found them commonly on Fuchsia also on Lettuce, Amaranthus and the Cheno-
podiums generally.

Mr. Beutenmueller added Apple to the list.

Mr. Hulst, on the authority of Mr. G. W. Wright, spoke of the fact that the
larvee were very common in S. Cal., but the food plants were not given him. ‘The
larvee, eaten raw, are there esteemed a great delicacy by the Mohave Indians.

Mr. Hulst read a paper upon certain Pyradide, in which he described as new 38
species, principally Phycitede.

Messrs. Hulst and Weeks each proposed Amendments to the Constitution, which
under the rules were laid upon the table to be acted on at the next meeting.

VOL. Ill. BROOKLYN, DECEMBER, 1887. NO. 9.

EARLY STAGES OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN
LEPIDOPTERA.

By Henry Epwarps.

With a view to the publication at an early day of a ‘‘ Catalogue of
the Described Transformations of North American Lepidoftera,” which
I wish to make as complete as I can, I have prepared the present
paper, and I take the opportunity now presented to me, of asking my
fellow entomologists throughout the country to publish as quickly as
possible, any descriptions they may have of eggs, larvae or pupze, so that
the references to them may be made in my forthcoming work, to save as
far as may be, their future issuance in the form of an Appendix. The
Catalogue up to the end of the Sphingidz is now ready for the printer,
but will be kept back until the close of the year, so as to embrace de-
scriptions which may be given in answer to this appeal.

RHOPHALOCERA.
Synchloe (Coatlantona) Janais, Drury. Chrysalis.

In form very much like the chrysalis of AZeditga. It is obtusely cylindrical,
swollen about the head parts, and tapering abruptly at the 4th abdominal segment,
those behind being somewhat bent downwards. The color is dull sordid white, with
numerous biack dots and dashes. There are dorsal and sub-dorsal rows of raised
black points, two raised black points on the thorax, and between and behind them
are two bars of black, placed like the sides of a triangle. The sides of the thorax and
head are also conspicuously marked with black irregular blotches. On the wing-
cases are several long distinct black streaks, and a row of black dots marks the course

of the spiracles. Underside also strongly marked with black dashes and blots. The

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 25 DECEMBER 1887,

— TZ

cremaster is rough, with 4 small winged processes, and an elevated ridge in its centre,
attached as usual by fine silken threads.
Length 15 mm. Width 5 2 m.

Pieris occidentalis, Reakt. Chrysalis.

Form of P. Rape and P. Protodice, and much resembling the latter. Its color
is cream white, the raised margin of thorax and abdominal segments edged with
yellowish brown. Uead produced into a short sharp beak as in other species of
Pieris, On the dorsum are some small black shining points, and very fine irriovatioas
of black are scattered over the whole surface. Thess are scarcely visible without a
lens. On the wing-cases are 7 rows of black points, indicating the course of the
veins. Black points also indicate the spiracles.

Length 20 mm. Width 6 mm. :

From some specimens found in Sier. Nevada, Cal., Sept. 1884. The
imagos emerged early in October.

Callidryas Philea, L. Chrysalis.

Color pale drab, darkest about the abdomen. The segments are marked with a
series of waved fine lines, and are elevated in the middle to a sharp ridge. The centre
of the body, i. e. at the junction of the thorax and abdomen is greatly depressed into
a hollow. The thorax is shining, but bears a few roughened waved lines, most ap-
parent anteriorly. The head is produced into a very long (t2 mm.) beak, as in
Terias and other species of this genus. This is smooth, subu!ate, roughened a little
at the extremity, where it is dark brown in color. The wing-cases are enormously
large, and very much extended above the abdomen. Looked at sideways, with the
wings downward, the chrysalis bears a fancied resemblance to a hammock swung,
bearing a human form. The veins of the wing are distinctly seen through the wing-
cases. The anal segment is elevated on the margins, and the cremaster is rough, at-
tached by a coarse, strong, silken web.

Length, incl. beak, 45 mm. Width, incl. wing-cases, 20 mm. Length of wing-
case from base, 22 mm. Width of wing-case, 14 mm. Width of abdomen below wing-
cases, 8 mm.

From specimens kindly given me by my friend Wm. Schaus, Esq., Jr.
Thecla halesus, Cram. Chrysalis.

Broad, short and stout, abruptly narrowing towards the two posterior segments.
Color snuff-brown, irregularly blotched with black over the whole surface, partic-
ularly at the extremity of the wing-cases. The posterior segments bear a few short
scattered hairs.

Length 18 mm. Width 6 mm.

Chrysophanus xanthoides, Bois. Lge.

Almost spherical, but slightly flattened at the base, cream white, delicately retic-

ulated over the whole surface, the reticulations forming somewhat deep pits between.

From two specimens laid in my collecting box some years since in
California.

Argynnis Bellona, Fab. Chrysalis.

Fawn color, with a few irregular darker lines. Thorax with 6 raised shining
points, the posterior pair the largest. On each of the 3 middle abdominal segments

—163—
.
are also 3 raised points placed triangularly. The spaces between the points elevated
into a ridge. Wing-cases traversed by several brown waved lines crossing each
other, and giving a net-like appearance. The cast skin of the larva clings to the
crema ter, and forms part of the attachment of the chry-alis.
Length 15 mm = =Width § mm.

Gonepteryx Clorinde, Godt. Chrysalis.

Cream white, the sides of the abdom-n and the dorsum marked with a streak of
pate chestnut brown. The head is continued into a short, awl-like beak, the ex-
tremity of which in the J is black and bent upwards in a short ho k, while in the
© it is swollen, roughened at the tip, and lizht chestnut brown in color. ‘The whole
surface is slightiy wrinkled, e-pecially on the anterior poition of tre abdo ninal seg-
ments. The spiracles are yellowish. The thorax abcve is slightly raised into a
hump. The larva transforms under a leaf, attachiag its silken thread to the midrib.
This is fixed around the centre of the wing-cases. The cremaster, which is slightly
blotched with black, is attached also to the midrib of the leaf by a small elevated
silken button.

Length 35 mm. Width romm. Width over wing-cases 14 mm,

From several specimens sent me by Wm. Schaus, Esq., Jr. Though
there is doubt as to this insect belonging to our fauna, I make no apology
for introducing this description here.

Pamphila Ethlius, Cram. Chrysalis.

Color after exclusion pale buff, suriace with a slight mealy covering. Form
nearly cylindrical, tapering somewhat abruptly from the 4th abdominal segment, the
anal segment being strongly pointed, triangular, margined, with a deep fovea in the
centre, thus elevating the sides of this segment into sharp ridges. The surface of the
abdominal segments is roughened by slightly raised reticulations, and in some speci-
mens, on the Ist, 2nd and 3rd segments are some faint brown shades. The wing-
cases are smooth—slightly glossy. In the 9 chrysalis the spiracles are marked with
black dots, in the O they are concolorous with the rest of the body. The head bears
a sharply pointed process, about 4 mm. in length, slightly curved upward, and
roughened at the extremity.

Length 40 mm. Width 10 mm.

The larva curls itself up in a leaf (as in the case of Ludamus Tityrus)
to which it is attached by a silken thread placed around the wing covers—
the surface of the leaf bearing a thin silken web.---From many examples
collected and raised by Wm. Schaus, Esq., Jr.

HETEROCERA.

Family SPHINGID.
CEllopus tantalus, L. Pupa.

In shape like that of mais Thysbe—almost cylindrical, very slightly swollen
about the middle, and abruptly narrowing at §th abdominal segment. Color pitchy,
with the posterior margin of the abdominal segments chestnut brown, those of the 4th,
5th and 6th segments broadly so. Thorax almost smooth, with faint waved lines.
Anterior portion of abdominal segments a little roughened. Cremaster produced into
a short, sharp point.

Length 30 mm. Width 10 mm,

—164-—

From a specimen from which the moth had been raised by Wm.
Schaus, Esq., Jr.

Cautethia Grotei, Hy. Edwards, Pupa.

Same shape as Hemazs, cylindrical tapering gradually to the posterior end.
Pale pitchy, shining. Head, thorax and wing-cases impunctate. Abdominal seg-
ments roughly and densely punctured on anterior half. Spiracles pitchy black. Cre-
master pitchy black, rough at its base, carried out toa sharp point, which is bifurcate.
The rough punctures of abdominal segments are continued on the lower side.

Length 25 mm. Width 8 mm.

From a specimen given to me by my friend Dr. Wittfeld, Indian
River, Fla.

Amphonyx Antzus, Drury. Pupa.

Pitchy—the head, thorax and wing-cases lighter in color. Tongue-case about
40 mm. long, gracefully curved, and swollen very much at its extremity, which rests
against the chest. Itis roughly grooved over ils whole surface, except the swollen
tip, which is quite smosth. On its upper side is a double ridge, slightly raised, and
when viewed sideways, the ridges above the grooves have the appearance of blunt
teeth. The head is much narrower than the thorax, and is swollen between the eyes.
Thorax rugosely wrinkled, at the base of the wings are roughened, elevated, serrate
processes. The bases of the wing-cases are slightly swollen. The wing-shape is
very clearly defined, and the cases are streaked slightly with darker brown along the
course of the veins. Base of the abdomen has two roughened processes like those at
the base of the wing-covers—but broader and larger each way. At the anterior edge
of the abdominal segments are bands of similar roughened spaces extending trans-
versely across the dorsal region nearly as far as the spiracles, which are black, with
a deep narrow slit. The underside of the abdomen is smooth. Each segment above
is marked also with transverse ridges. Cremaster black, obtusely pointed, ridged,
rough. f
Length from base of tongue-case 90 mm. Width across middle of abdomen 25 mm.
From several specimens from which the imagos were raised by Wm.

Schaus;Esq:; ‘i:

Phlegethontius Rusticus, Cram. Pupa.

Very like that of A. Avteus, but differing in many important particulars, The
tongue-case is proportionately much longer, alike in structure, but the grooves are
deeper, and the serratures consequently longer and sharper. The abdominal. seg-
ments want the curiously roughened spaces so remarkable in the preceeding species.
In this they are roughly punctate in front, closely punctate over the rest of the sur-
face, The anal segment is smooth, with a deep groove above, wrinkled beneath,
while the cremaster is furnished with two small points at the sides. The wing-cases
and thorax are concolorous with the abdomen, while the tongue-case is less curved
than in A. Anleus.

Length 70mm. Width 18mm. Length of tongue-case 45 mm.

Chezrocampa tersa, L. Pupa.

Cylindrical, last two posterior segments, conically and abruptly smaller. Color
dull fawn drab, with black markings. Head gradually tapering, eyes and base of
tongue slightly swollen, as are also the bases of the wing-covers. Abdominal segments

—165—

transversely wrinkled. There is a broad dorsal stripe of black, the spiracles are sur-
rounded by black circles, the position of the tongue is marked by a black line, and
the underside of the abdominal segments bears a broken black line, while irregular
blotches of the same color mark the whole surface. The underside on each side of
the tongue is dirty yellowish, as also is the portion of the abdomen above the edge of
the wing-cases. Cremaster sharply pointed, the point black, shining,
Length 50mm. Width 13 mm,
Philampelus Vitis, Drury. Pupa.

Pitchy black, posterior margin of abdominal segments broadly chestnut brown.
Gradually tapering from the middle to both head and anal segment. Thorax moder-
ately smooth, with well marked median channel. Anterior edges of abdominal seg-
ments coarsely and densely punctured, other parts transversely wrinkled. Wing-cases
smooth, not showing the veins. Cremaster slightly constricted in the middle, ending
in a sharp point.

Length 60 mm. Width 15 mm.

A. Koebele, Esq. Florida.
Pseudosphinx Tetrio, L. Pupa.

In shape like that of PzZampelus. Pitchy black, shining. Head slightly swollen
at the eyes. Thorax transversely wrinkled, with a slight dorsal channel. Covers of
the tongue and legs much raised above the surface. Wing-cases longitudinally ridged
above the veins. First 4 abdominal segments rugosely channeled, the remainder
more smoothly channeled, with the anterior margin of each densely and coarsely
punctured. Underside ot the posterior abdominal segments quite smooth. Cremaster
triangular, rough, ending in a sharp point.

Length 65 mm. Width 18 mm.

Jalapa, Mexico. Wm. Schaus, Esq., Jr.
Anceryx Edwardsii, Butler. Larval stages.

After 3rd moult,—Entirely pale sea-green, the head, as is usual in the group in
their earlier stages, monstrously large. It is faintly punctured, and has a slight dorsal
channel. Mouth parts white. Caudal horn rough, straight, very sharply pointed,
yellowish at the tip. On the middle of the dorsum of 4th segment is a small black
round dot. Abdominal legs sordid white.

Length 18 mm.

After 4th moult.—The larva now assumes its more mature form and color. It
is rich reddish brown dorsally, pale fawn-color laterally. Head moderate in size, the
same width as the second segment, yellowish fawn-color, with dashes of light brown
running down each side of the front, and a triangular blotch of the same color above
the mouth parts. 2nd segment fawn-color, with double dorsal band, pale brown,
edged outwardly and divided by a darker line. On the sides are brown dashes,. ex-
tending to the base of the legs. On the 3rd segment, which is slightly swollen, the
band and lines are continued, and there is on the anterior half of this segment, a rich
wine-red stain, enclosing 2 narrow transverse bars of rich brown. The black marks
on the sides of the segment are larger and more distinct than in No. 2. The 4th seg-
ment is swollen, being nearly half as wide again as the rest of the body. The anterior
half is velvety black, with a reddish tinge, and in the centre is a narrow circular ring
of scarlet, enclosing in its centre a small light brown dot. Posterior half of the 4th
segment fawn-color, covered each way by brown lines. The marks of the sides are
here distinct blotches, the anterior series being the largest. The remaining segments

—166—

are rich chestnut brown, mottled with black spots, of which there is a distinct dorsal
row. On the anterior portion of the subdorsal region is on each segment a cloud of
white spots, almost lost in the ground color. Lateral region fawn-color, very slightly
mottled with black, and most prominently so immediately above the abdominal legs,
which are fawn-color, with a rich black velvety patch at the side of their middle seg-
ments. The thoracic feet are paler with black patches at their base. Candal horn
dull fawn-color, slightly roughened. Underside fawn-color, with black ventral line,
and many small black dashes. One of my specimens is paler in the ground color, but
there is no difference in the arrangement of the markings.
Length 50 mm.

Mature larva.--In the single specimen of this stage before me, there has come a
great change. The ground color is now greenish drab, with yellowish marks con-
sisting of slightly roughened patches of that color over the body, enclosing here and
there a few brownish dots. The red stain on 3rd segment has disappeared, and the
black transverse band enclosing the circular ring is proportionately narrower and
smaller. Spiracles brown.

Length 80 mm. Width 15 mm.

Pupa.—Pitchy, lighter across the abdominal segments and wing-covers. Head
gradually smaller from its base, rounded very much in front, not swollen over the eye-
cases. Its divisions are strongly marked, and it is rather rugosely wrinkled. The
tongue and antennz cases are distinctly marked. Wing-covers lighter brown with
black streaks along the course of the veins. Thorax slightly raised, rugosely and ir-
regularly wrinkled. Abdominal segments narrowly rugosely-punctate in front, trans-
versely wrinkled posteriorly and marked with broken transverse band of black. Last
3 segments pitchy, obscuring the markin
beneath.

Length 55 mm. Width 15 mm.

gs. Cremaster triangular, rough above and

From a series admirably prepared by Dr. Wittfeld. Ind. Riv., Fla.

Anceryx Ello, L. Larval stages and pupa.

The Rev. W. J. Holland in Can. Entom., vol. 18, p. 103, has most
carefully described the ma/ure larva of this species. I add descriptions of
the earlier stages and of the pupa.

After 3rd moult.—The general color of the larva is either pale sea-green, (green
var.) or pale reddish brown, (brown var.). ©n the head and second segment the
brown double line is very distinctly marked, especially in the green form, but on the
3rd segment it is nearly lost in the ground color. The rouad black velvet-like spot
on 3rd segment is bordered more broadly behind with yellowish white, and on the
sides of this segment are some white blotches standing out in strong contrast with the
ground color. The lateral region is mottled with reddish, among which the white
blotches appear. The dorsal region has the spots of the segments very small, but
there is a faint line of distinct black dots at the anterior edge of each segment. The
caudal horn is very long, rough, and smaller through its length than in the more
mature stages. ‘The thoracic feet are reddish brown, banded with a darker color,
and the abdominal legs are also reddish brown, broadly banded outside with black.

Length 40 mm.

After 4th moult——The dorsal markings become heavier and more distinct, -the
black dorsal spot also heavier, the caudal horn very much reduced in length, but

—167—

heavier and more obtuse. The anal plates are distinctly dotted with white, and the
white blotches of the lateral region are much longer and more striking. These
blotches of white do not appear in 3 specimens of the mature larva in my possession.
After the fourth moult the caudal horn is bright red.

Length 55 mm.

Pupa.—Bright chestnut brown with black markings. The head has a central
jongitudinal blotch, two blotches on the side and two in front, black. The tongue
and antennal cases are marked with black. The wing-covers are streaked with black
between the veins. The thorax is black dorsally, with a band across the front, thus
leaving a streak of bright chestnut at the sides and at collar. The abdominal seg-
ments are narrowly black at their posterior margin, and there is on each segment a
double transverse interrupted black line. The two posterior segments are pitchy
without lighter shades, and the cremaster is black, triangular, roughly punctate.
Each of the abdominal segments is thickly punctate along the anterior margin.

Length 60 mm. Width 15 mm.

From a series prepared by Dr. Wittfeld, Ind. River, Fla.

Ellema coniferarum, Abb. Smith. Pupa.

Cylindrical, pale pitchy. Head, thorax and anterior margin of wing-covers
rugosely punctate, as are also the fore margins of the abdominal segments. The 4
posterior abdominal segments are rugosely punctate nearly over their whole surface
and are constricted at their junction. Cremaster ending in a sharp point.

Length 32 mm. . Width 9 mm.

A. Koebele, Esq. Florida.

Family ZYGAENIDZ.
Scepsis Edwardsii, Grote. Larva.

Head, 2nd segment and anal plates, deep brown. Mouth parts pitchy. Rest of
the body yellowish white, each segment bearing a series of 6 tubercles, coarsely
spinose. Underside, feet and legs, honey-yellow.

Length 33 mm. (Probably somewhat stretched in blowing.)

An example sent to me by Dr. Wittfeld. Ind. River, Fla.

Family BOMBYCIDAE.
Hemileuca Yavapai, Neum. Larva.

Body velvety black, beautifully irrorated with yellowish white dots. Head reddish
brown, with deep channel on the crown and bearing numerous tawny hairs. 2nd
segment with two wine-red tubercles in front, and on the anterior edge is a fringe of
tubercles, bearing pencils of black hairs. The segments are divided by a transverse
dull orange band, bearing a black bar, and there is a double dorsal interrupted
whitish line, running the whole length of the body. All the segments from No. 2,
bear each 6 tubercular processes crowned with a pencil of black spines. The under-
side is honey-yellow-—the feet and abdominal legs red at the base, the other joints
black.

Length 60 mm.

A specimen prepared by Mr. J. Doll, kindly given me by friend, B.
Neumoegen, Esq.

—168—

Citheronia sepulchralis, G. & R. Larva.

Ground color, chestnut brown, head a little paler, shining, the division of the
lobes indicated by a deep furrow. Mouth parts edged with black. Between 3rd and
4th, and 4th and 5th segments is a broad black, velvety, transverse band, extending
underneath, but then less distinctly marked. The spiracles are also velvety black.
On each segment are some waved blackish shades, more app.irent laterally, and on
each from 2 to 13 are 6 tubercular spines, which are jointed, thickened at their base,
and bear geminate points, the dorsal series being always the longest. On segments
2, 3 and 4 these spines are very long, those on 3 and 4 being fully 10 mm, in length,
and are covered with rough warty tubercles. On segment 12 is also a single long
spine of the same length, which is directed abruptly backward, the others being
slightly curved posteriorly. The anal plates are sub-triangular, rough, but shining.
Underside marked as the upper, there beg on each segment an angled black line,
and some waved shades. The feet and abdominal legs are tipped with black.

Length 100 mm. Width in centre 16 mm,

A. Koebele, Esq. Florida,

Heterocampa unicolor, Pack. Larva.

Head small, obliquely truncate, very pale testaceous, with 2 rather broad oblique
lilac-brown stripes in front, broadly edged with white. Body pale green, each seg-
ment covered with bright purple irrorations. Along the dorsum is a broad white
double stripe, the inner edge streaked with yellow, the outer with purplish brown.
The stripe widens gradually towards the anal segment, where it is minutely dotted
with yellow and purple. The extremity of the anal segment is furnished with 2 fila-
mentary processes, about 3 mm. long, yellowish white, with a purplish brown streak
internally. There is an indication of a broken yellow sub-dorsal line. The spiracles
are dull orange. Beneath wholly pale green.

Length 43 mm.

On Sycamore (Acer Pseudo-planianus L.) Long Island. On August
2nd, the larva spun a very slight cocoon between two leaves drawn flat
together, and the perfect insect emerged August 22nd.

Phragmatobia rubricosa, Harris. Larva.

After 3rd moult,—Body jet-black, shining. Head also jet-black, The hairs of
the tubercles are very short, and evenly cut. Color bright chestnut, paler at the sides.

Psyche confederata, Grote. Larva and Pupa.

Larva.—Head, Ist, 2nd and 3rd segments pitchy, the segments narrowed gradu-
ally towards the head. 4th segment yellowish with 2 pitchy triangular spots on each
side. 5th whitish with 2 pitchy brown points. Rest of the body yellowish white,
except the anal segment, which has a pitchy brown triangular patch above. Lower
side same as the upper, with the tips of the feet all brownish. Body rather flattened,
narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly.

Length t1 mm. Width 3 mm.

The inside of the case is very thickly lined with silk of white color.

Pupa.—Cylindrical, wholly pitch-brown, darkest about the head and wing-cases.
Thoracic region much swollen. Head, antennz and wings clearly visible through
the skin. Abdominal rings very distinct, shining—the spaces between these dull
and paler. On each segment are 4 or § slightly raised tubercles.

Length § mm. ‘

—169—

Parasa fraterna, Gr. Larva.

Ovate elliptic in outline. Body chestnut brown, darker in front and at the sides,
the margin of the dorsum elevated into a sharp ridge. On segments 3, 4 and § are
two retractile tubercles, bearing bunches of sordid white spines, those of the third
segment being much smaller than the others. The 1oth and 12th segments are fur-
nished with similar tubercles, those of the 12th being the smallest. The dorsal region
is pale chestnut brown, with some indistinct waved streaks of a slightly dai ker shade.
Head pitchy, mouth parts paler. The anal segment is produced into a long spine,
The spiracles are dull yellowish, the underside also dull yellow, and the lower lateral
region reddish yellow.

Length 15 mm. Width at 5th segment 5 mm.

Hyparpax aurora, Abb. Smith. Larval stages.

After rst moult,—General color, yellowish brick red. Head constricted at junc-
tion of the 2nd segment, yellowish white, mottled with brick red. 2nd segment dull
white, with double dorsal line, enclosing some small reddish blotches, and two small
reddish piliferous tubercles. The posterior margin of this segment is darker than the
anterior. 3rd segment bright yellow, with small piliferous tubercles of the same
color. 4th segment raised in the centre, with small double piliferous hump. 5th with
yellow blotch in centre, irregular in shape, spreading slightly on the side of dorsum.
6th, the yellow is here wider, with narrow red stripe. 7th, 8th, 9th, the red stripe
becomes gradually wider, Jeaving the yellow only on the sides, roth and rith, the
red stripe here narrows in front and widens behind, being elevated into rather a high
hump in centre of the dorsum. The anal segments are elevated in repose, as is
the manner of Cerura, the last segment being furnished with two rather short
processes.

Length 12 mm.

After 2nd moult,—Head as before, but the markings a little darker, and more
spread over the surface. 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments, as also the whole of the lateral
region, are now pale yellowish green, the dorsal red mark being widest on 2nd and
becoming obsolete on the 4th. On the 5th the hump is larger than before, and there
are 4 piliferous tubercular spots, the anterior pair highest and largest. The red dor-al
patch is very apparent on 5th, 6th and 7th, narrows on 8th, spreads again on 9th,
1oth and 11th, being constricted on 1oth. 12th and anal segment are pale yellow
with reddish mottlings. The anal processes are also short, yellowish, mottled with
yellowish. Whole body with small shining tubercular spots. Feet and legs reddish.
The colors are somewhat confused, blending into each other, particularly on the
lateral region.

Length 22 mm.

After 3rd moult.—The colors are now more clearly defined. 2nd and 3rd _ have
the red coloring edged with bright yellow, and reduced to a mere point on the post-
erior edge. 4th segment wholly pale yellowish green. Lateral region also pale
yellowish green. 5th segment produced into a hump, which bears anteriorly two
rather high tubercles, the reddish color being broad posteriorly, and narrow anteriorly.
6th has the red a little constricted—2 tubercular spots yellow, rather large, and a
smaller pair of the same color beside them, On 7th, the red patch is wide; on 8th,
narrow ; on gth and roth again widened, then narrow and almost obsolete at anal
segment, which has 2 small processes, tipped with red. The whole of the red color
on the dorsal region is broadly shaded with bright yellow, between it and the green

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 26 DECEMBER 1887.

—170—

lateral stripe. Legs and whole of the underside yellowish, mottled with red. Spiracles
yellow, edged with red.
Length 34 mm.

From a small brood raised on Oak by Miss E. Morton of New Wind-
sor, N. Y. I regret that it was not in my power to observe the stages
beyond those described, but I believe Miss Morton was so fortunate as to
raise the larva to perfection.

Datana perspicua, G. & R. L£egz and larval stages.

#gg.—Dull white, laid in small, compact irregular masses, united side by side.
They are ovate, and when the larva emerges it does so by a large circular opening,
eaten away by the larva, and occupying } of the shell.

Young farva.— After exclusion from the egg. Head and anal segment black
shining. 2nd segment also jet-black, rather raised centrally, shining in the centre of
the dorsum only. Ground color dull yellowish, with two stripes dull red, the dorsal
stripe double the width of the others. The lateral stripes are 3 in number on each
side, those in the centre being the widest. The extreme lateral stripe immediately
above the spiracles is slightly waved in its outline. Thoracic feet black, abdominal
legs reddish brown.

Length, 4 days after exclusion, 9 mm.

After rst moult.—The colors are now a little brighter. The black of the 2nd
segment is reduced by the widening of the lateral stripes as is also that of the anal
segment. The 12th segment has a small brown shining tubercle in the centre.

Length, (9 days), 18 mm.

After 2nd moult,—-Head jet-b!ack 2nd segment brown-black in centre. The
stripes are dull yellow, the spaces between being reddish brown, that on the dorsum
much the widest. Spiracles jet-black. Underside brownish orange, base of all the
legs with a reddish tinge. Legs, feet, anal segment, all jet-black, shining.

Length 26 mm.

After 3rd moult. —Head jet-black. 2nd segment chestnut brown, shading into
blackish brown in the central region. The stripes are now all broad, and very bright
sulphur yellow, giving the insect a brilliant appearance. Ventral stripe also very
broad, Base of feet and legs bright orange, their tips jet-black.

Between this and the mature larva the stages were not observed.

Mature larva. - Head bright wine-red, shining, rather coarsely punctured. Upper
mandibles pitchy black, lower wine-red. The 2nd segment is also red in the centre,
the yellow lines faintly shown on the red ground color. The body is a deep chestnut
red, varying in some individuals to a darker shade, almost black, or at least pitchy.
The longitudinal lines are 11 in number, and are almost all of equal width. They are
arranged 3 on each side subdorsally, 2 laterally and 1 ventrally. The spaces between
them are widest on the dorsum and on the lateral region enclosing the spiracles,
which are black. The color of these longitudinal lines is vivid lemon yellow, darker
and brighter than in any other species, and the larva hasa very gay and attractive ap-
pearance, In some examples the subdorsal yellow stripes are almost confluent. The
stripes are thinly covered with red irrorations, from the base of which spring sordid
white hairs. The feet and legs are reddish at their base, the extremities being pitchy
black. ;

Length 60 mm.

Food plant, Stag-horn Sumach. (Rhus typhina L. )

Family NOCTUIDAE.

Arsilonche albovenosa, Guen. Larval stages.

Young larva, (3 days).—Head small, black above, mouth parts pale. Ground
color of body sordid white. Segments 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 and 10 bear small black warty
tubercles on the dorsal region, and a smaller one on the sides, from which spring
rather short black hairs. Nos. 4, 7 and 8 have a dull orange transverse band. Anal
segment black. Underside sordid white. Feet dull black.

Length 4 mm.

After rst moult,— Ground color sordid white, dorsal region dull chestnut brown,
with the black tubercles very apparent, those of 5, 8 and 9 much larger than the rest,
while those of the lateral region are arranged obliquely in pairs.

Length 6 mm.

Food plant, Polygonum. The subsequent stages were not observed.

—__—__+ >< ___——_-

Notes on some Coleoptera.
By M. L. Liye t.

I have been led by my observations to believe that some Carabid@
do not hibernate in the imago state. I have never been able to find Neéria
pallipes in early Spring, but on May 30th for a number of successive years
I have found numbers of specimens, but all immature. In the month of
June it becomes common.

* - ES

I have also become convinced that Sz/vanus planatus is the female of
S. bidentaius. J have taken the two together in numbers, and found one
pair in copula, so that the evidence of their idenuty is at least very strong.

* x
*

Last year, while collecting on Staten Island, I found on a tree stump
a specimen of Zomoxia bidenta‘a. Waiting about the place for some two
hours, I succeeded in taking 16 specimens, all having alighted on the
same stump.

This Summer I went for the purpose of getting the insect, to the
same place, but a little earlier in the season. I found Zomoxie sitting
on the same tree stump, but in every case they were 7: dineella. ‘They
were very shy, and as I did not have my net with me, I was able to secure
only one specimen. The same day I saw three specimens of 7. /ineella
in my umbrella all flying away. But there was no sign anywhere of Z:
bidentata. 1am quite of the opinion that 7. dimeed/a is the male of Z:
bidentata, and I am the more strongly inclined to this opinion, as it agrees
with the general tendency of the family to greater development in the male
of the maxillary palpi.

A Bee new to Entomologists.

On the morning of Oct. 16, 1887. a famous and popular clergyman,
(and consequently not the Editor of this Journal), preached a sermon in
which the following was spoken.

‘“A miracle of formation is the bee: five eyes, two tongues, the outer
having a sheath of protecting hairs on all sides of its tiny body to brush
up the particles of flowers, it flight so straight that all the world knows of
the bee line. The honey comb is a palace such as no one but God could
plan, and the honey bee construct ; its cells sometimes a dormitory, and
sometimes a storehouse, and sometimes a cemetery. These winged toilers
first make eight strips of wax, and by their antennz, which are to them
hammer, and chisel, and square, and plumb line, shape them for use.
Two and two these workers shape the wall. If an accident happen, they
put up buttresses or extra beams, to remedy the damage. When about
the year 1776 an insect, before unknown, in the night time attacked the
bee hives all over Europe, and the men who owned them were in vain
trying to plan something to keep out the invader that was the terror of
the bee hives of the continent, it was found that everywhere the bees had
arranged for their own protection and built before their honey combs an
especial wall of wax with porthole through which the bees might go to
and fro, but not large enough to admit the winged combatant called the
Sphinx Atropos.

Do you know that the swarming of the bees is divinely directed ?
The mother bee starts for a new home, and because of this the other bees
of the hive get into an excitement which raises the heat of the hive some
four degrees, and they must die unless they leave their heated apart-
ments.”

The doctor in giving this description did not attach to the insect its
scientific name, but I have no doubt Entomologists will see, from the de-
scription, that it is very distinct from any species at present known. _ Its
habits are also, in many respects very peculiar. It is to be hoped the in-
sect studied was not carelessly destroyed. A specimen would be a great
acquisition for any Entomologist !

But come to think we are stupid! It must be the insect known as
a ‘“ bee in the bonnet” to which the eloquent Doctor refered. Entomo-
logists can be pardoned if they are ignorant of it, as it is of course a ‘‘rara
apis” with them. We hope for the sake of Science the next time the Doc-
tor has a specimen under observation he will capture it,—pin it, properly
label it with name, (perhaps Apis krankiz), and locality (probably Caput
mane) and send it to some Entomological Society where it will be duly
appreciated. Gro. DQ, Hursi

—173—

An unknown or forgotten illustration of North American
SPHINGID-.
By Dr. H. A. Hacen.

The library of the Entomological Department of the Museum received
October 1887 some colored plates in 4'°, as presented to Harvard College
by Mr. Wm. Calverley, Barnegat, N. J. Of these plates 27 contained the
figures of North American Sphingidee and one Papilio Calverleyi. I had
never seen the work, and was not able to find it quoted anywhere, so I
applied for information to Mr. S_H. Scudder and received the following
answer: ‘I can only say, that I received the first five plates from W. Ee:
Edwards in October 1861. I do not think any were ever published.” Mr.
Scudder does not know where his copy is, but he believes that it was not
colored ; the plate of the Papilio he has never seen. The plates figure 65
North American species and about half more from Cuba and were made
about from 1861 to 1866. Some figures are very good, some others
good, some not well done, principally on the last plates. I dot not know,
why it was left unpublished.

The Sphingid plates have on top the inscription ‘‘North American
Lepidoptera” ; in the right upper corner Tab. I and I; then Plate III to
XXVII. Below, the names of the figured species are given ; in the left
lower corner, published by J. W. Weidemeyer and S. Calverley, New
York; beginning with Pl. HI the name of W. H. Edwards is added. In
the right lower corner, Ch. Walo lith. and prin., on Pl, I to XI and XIV,
with the addition Drawn from Nat. on Pl. X and XI, Ch. Walo fecit Pl.
XI, XIII, XV. XVI, XX, XXI; E. W. Robinson del., W. West imp.
Pl, XVII to XIX; the Pl. XXII to XXVII are seemingly made by an-
other artist; on Pl, XXIV with D. Wiest lith. Philada.

Contents of the Plates.

PLL. 1. Sphynx cinerea -j'.—2. Ceratomia quadricornis J.
3. Thyreus Abbotii -j'.—4. Smerinthus geminatus J.
5. Sphynx sordida <j.
ela Ok. 1. Sphynx luscitiosa (j'.—2. do. 9.
a plebeja Q.—4. Sphynx obscura da.
5. Cherocampa pampinatrix Q.—6. do. cherilus Q.
1 Ed . Pterogon inscriptum Q.—2. Thyreus nessus Ge

. Smerinthus modesta <j'.—4. Cheerocampa versicolor Q.
. do, reversed Q.

Pl. IV. 1. Philampelus Jussieuee Q.—2. Sesia thysbe d.
. do. diffinis Q.—4. Smerinthus excaecatus Q.
5. Enyo lugubris Q.—6. Deilephila Galii Q.

mw

w

PI

Pl.

Pl.

Ele

PI.

Pl.

PI

Pl)

Pl.

Be

VALE

Pl:

Plt

Wilk

VII.

VIII.

bd

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XVI.

XVIL.

XVIII.

XIX.

—174—

. Sphynx Kalmiz-©.—2. Dolba hylzus <j.
. Sphynx Gordius <j'.—4. Deilephila Daucus © (it is added with pencil

lineata.)

. Smerinthus Juglandis °f'.—6. do. Q.

i. Philampelus Achemon Q-—2. do. satellitia

Om MO mem We MO WO BD MND ee NW pe TW we > my Om Gi Ot wm GO OG om» oo
aCp we Os ae” .

w

oF
¥
- Chzrocampa tersa 9.—4. Ellema Harrisii Q.

Ceratomia Brontes <{'.—2. Sphynx cingulata Q.

. do. 5-maculata ¢j'. - 4. do. Carolina <¥.

. Smerinthus astylus O.—2. do. reversed.
. Sphynx drupiferarum ©.—4. Smerinthus myops <j.
. Sphynx Jasminearum /\.

- Macroglossa Tantalus <j. —2. Smerinthus ophthalmicus ©.
. Macrosila rustica <j'.—4. Proserpinus Gaure
. Perigonia lusca <j.—6. Cheerocampa pellenia Q.

- Macrosila Ochus {'.—2. Macrosila Anteus ©.

Macrosila Florestan Oo.

- Pachylia ficus O.—z. Philampelus Typhon ©.

- Pachylia inornata ©.

. Anceryx coniferarum ©.—2. Macroglossa ceculus <j’
. Philampelus Labruscae 9.—4. Macroglossa Sagra ©.
. Philampelus vitis 9.

. Ambulyx strigilis O.—2. Anceryx Alope <j.
. Proserpinus Clarkiz <j’,—4. Cherocampa Chiron Q. ,
. Proserpinus Pheeton {'.

. Unzuela Japix ©O.—-2. Cherocampa Drancus <j.

=e

« Macrosila Cluentius ©.—4. Darapsa Pholus ©.
. Anceryx Caicus <j,

No species names given.)

. Anceryx oenotrus 9.—2. Anceryx Ello 9.
. Ambulyx Ganascus J.

. Perigonia subhamata.—2. Perigonia substituta.
. Sesia fuscicaudis.—4. Perigonia glauciScens.
. Perigonia undata.—6. Macroglossa flavofasc:ata. (No sex given.)

. Macroglossa collaris.—2. Chzerocampa falco.
. Darapsa rhodocera.—4. Pachylia resumens.

. Lapara bombycoides. —2. Anceryx guttularis.
. Pachylia conspicua.—4. CEnosanda noctuiformis.
. Arctonotus lucidus.

—175—

Pl. XX. 1. Philampelus Anchemolus Q.—2, Pergesa Thorates.
3. Enyo chloroptera Q.—4. Sphynx Hannibal.

BEX. 1. Macroglossa Tantalus -j'.—2. Enyo Gorgon Q.
3. Smerinthus Cerisii ¢/.—4. do. wings enlarged.

Pl. XXII (and Pl. XXIII, XXIV, not colored.)

1. Cherocampa Porcus <'.—2. Chzerocampa irrorata Cn
. Cherocampa Nechus Q.—4. Cherocampa Gundlachii at
. Cherocampa Robinsonii <j'.—6. Deilephila Calverleyi es

Ut Lo

Pl. XXII. Erinnyis Ginotrus Q.—2. Erinnyis melancholica Cas
. Erinnyis cinerosa Q.—4. Erinnyis Ello 3°
. Erinnyis cengratulans 9,—6, Erinnyis rimosa dC.

CA Go

Pi). XXIV. 1. Perigonia lusca ¢'.—2. Perigonia Lefeburii <j’.
. Syzygia afflicta ¢.—4. Diludia Brontes 9.

. Pseudosphinx tetrio ¢.—6. Hyloicus Poeyi.

Ur Od om

PL XXV- . Amphonyx Antzeus Q.—2. Amphenyx Duponchelii QO.
. Sphinx cingulata <.—4. Hemeroplanes pseudothyreus <j’.

. Enyo Danum Gh

th Go

Pl. XXVI._ 1. Philampelus Lycaon O.—2. Hemorrhagia gracilis
. Perigonia divisa ¢j'.—4. Cherecampa brevis Q.

. Chzrocampa ceratomoides Q.—6. Erinnyis pallida Q.

Pl. XXVII. 1. Dilophonota Cacicae Q.—2. Macrosila afflicta 9.

3. Alllopos Blaini <j.—4. Cherocampa strenua Q.
5. Hemorrhagia Buffaloensis <j'.—6, Heemorrhagia floridensis ¢.

tr Oe

————__ >> > _—_—_—

Larva of Acidalia insularia, Guen.
By Gro: Di urs

Length 20 to 27 mm. Head rounded, slightly indented at summit.
Body cylindrical, slender; ground color of head and body the same,
varying from yellow green, through orange to dark brown. A lighter
dorsal and subdorsal line running from the mouth, over head, the whole
length of the body. A broad lateral light colored line also running the
whole length of head and body. Sides of body with a fleshy ridge in-
cluded in the light line or band. The whole body with points of one or
two very short fine hairs easily seen with a good lens. Beneath some-
what lighter than above. Legs to, all the color of lateral line. Food
plant, Cassia chamecrista.

Pupa.—i1o mm. in length, varying in color from light translucent
green to violet brown. Nearly evenly conical, segments and wings hardly
marked by indentings though evident by shading of color. Upper end

—176—

nearly squarely truncate with a sharp spine like protuberance on each
side giving the pupa quite the appearance of the seeds of the common
Beggar ticks (Bidens frondosa). These points are in all cases violet in
color. On each side of the pupa edging the wing-cases is a light line
edged in the green specimens with a shade of violet and in the darker
specimens with dark violet. The pupa is fastened by the tail to a
slight button of silk, and is also girthed with a thread of silk about
the wing cases. Pupated, August 29th. The larva before spinning
loosely covers the surface of the leaf or stem with silk, and the girth often
shows individual strands running off to quite a distance, giving the idea
that there is tendency towards a slight cocoon. The pupa is very active,
wriggling in a lively manner when anything touches it.

Of the pupa Dr. Packard gives a description and figure Mon. Geom.
p- 336, pl. 13, f. 32. In the description he speaks of the pupa as ‘‘flat-
tened” which is not true of the 30 or 40 specimens before me. In the
figure the ear-like projections are slightly shorter than in those before me.
The imago, which is two-brooded, emerged Sept. 7th.

There is a very considerable interest attaching to this history as it
bears upon the position that much discussed species Luphanessa mendica
Walk. Walker, Herrich-Schaeffer, and Dr. Packard put it in the Bom-
bycide. I discussed the matter in a paper before the Entomological Club
of the A. A. A. S. (Entom. Am., Vol. IJ, p. 167), and there gave my
reasons for believing it a true Geometer. The greatest aberrancy was in
the shape of the pupa, and its habit of placing a girth of silk about the
wing-cases. I had considered that the moth ought to be catalogued near
LEphyra. The history of A. zmsudaria strengthens my opinion that the
insect is a true Geometer, and also that I was right in my idea of its
place in the Catalogue. The form of the pupa of A. csularia very
strongly resembles that of Z. mendica, and its hibit of making use of a
girth is the same. I am indebted to A. C. Weeks, Esq., for the larvae.

———__---_ > oS

21 Eighth Street, Lowell, Mass. Aug 24th, 1887.

Eps. Enromotocica AMERICANA,—GENTLEMEN :

I am open to criticism in saying “Ent. Am.” Vol. III, p. 85, that
there are /wo exceptions to Lieut. Casey’s observation that the “ie are
unarmed in Svenus when I only adduce one.

A pupa of Anthonomus pusillus has been discovered in the seed-
vessels of Helianthemum Canadense since my notes were written, proving
that the entire transformations take place within the seed vessels as I had
supposed. Respectfully, FREDERICK BLANCHARD.

Traces of Maternal Affection in Eutilia sinuata, /adr.
By Mary E. MurrrFevpr.

The MWemébracine is one of the most attractive groups of the Homop-
tera on account of the singularity of form and beauty of coloring displayed
by the species composing it. Many of them are also extremely interesting
in habit.

Among the smaller species indigenous to this section (Central Mis-
souri) the one named above is one of the prettiest and most common. It
breeds chiefly on the Ragweeds (Amérosia) though it is occasionally found
on other composite plants. The gregarious habit is common to many of
the species, but, with the exception of the case I am about to instance, I
have never found the parent insect remaining with her eggs or young.

Two years ago early in August I observed a female hovering over a
cluster of her eggs. I plucked the leaf, expecting of course that this usually
shy and active insect would jump off at the disturbance. But to my sur-
prise she did not move, not even when I touched her with my finger. I
carried her openly on the leaf into the house and up-stairs to my study,
but with all the shaking about and brushing against my clothing she was
not dislodged.

Wishing to examine the egg cluster more closely, I placed her in a
small rearing jar into which I afterward put the leaf with the eggs. She
immediately began crawling about over it until the eggs were found, when
she stationed herself over them as before. The young hatched about two
days later, and remained in a close cluster about the mother insect, who
had now moved a little forward on the leaf with the instinct probably of
giving them a better opportunity for feeding.

As the original leaf had now withered I put in a fresh one to which
after some delay and scattering the insect migrated with her entire, large
family.

The rearing jar did not seem to furnish an entirely congenial atmo-
sphere to the young Luf/ias, as a large number died in the first moult
and scarcely a moiety reached the pupa state, but through all changes the
mother remained with her young and although I would not assert that
she made any demonstrations of affection, she certainly seemed to enjoy
having them around her.

The family groups which I began to watch, out of doors, were not
put to the inconvenience of changing from one leaf to another until after
the pupa state was attained, when there was a disposition to migrate in
small groups, the mother with part of her family remaining on the original

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 27 DrCEMBER 1887,

—178—

leaf until, when all had arrived at the perfect state, she could no longer
be distinguished from her progeny.

I do not know that the immature stages of this insect have ever been
described, and therefore subjoin a few notes concerning them.

I did not have the opportunity of watching the process of oviposition,
and think it takes place mostly at night. The modus operandi would
seem to be as follows:

The midrib of the leaf is always selected, on the under side of which
the cuticle is ruptured by a series of punctures made probably with the
beak. The eggs, to the number of fifty to seventy-five, are then crowded
into the loose vegetable tissue in an oblique position. They are some-
what pear-shaped, the larger end being uppermost, and of a dingy white
color varying to pale brown. As with the eggs of many other insects they
seem to swell considerably before hatching. On escaping from the egg
the young leaf-hoppers are rather more than 1 mm. in length, of a trans-
lucent, pale, greenish-yellow color, with the head and prothoracic region
ofa dark red-brown, a saddle-like spot of the same color across the
middle of the body and another at the tip of the abdomen, which is al-
ways held in an upward curve. The form from a dorsal view is some-
what tad-pole like, except for the long, slender legs. The head in front
is sparsely covered with hairs; the eyes are large, ruby-red, surrounded
by a pale ring. The prothoracic joint is raised in front and there is a
double row of hair-like papillae extending along the dorsum. These larvze
grow quite rapidly and moult but twice previous to the change to pupe.
In the latter the dorsal prothoracic projections characteristic of the mature
insect are clearly developed, but in a soft tissue which is notched finely
on the upper edge. The arrangement and color of the spots do not vary
much from those of the newly hatched larvae. The period of growth from
the egg to mature insect is about three weeks.

Kirkwood, Mo., Nov. 1887.

——_—____~}> -»__—_

Life History of Euscirrhopterus Gloveri, Gr/.

In the ‘‘ Industrialist,” a paper published by the State Agricultural
College Kansas, under date of Oct. 1, 1887, Prof. E. A. Popenoe gives
the life history of the above insect. ‘The larva and pupa are described as
follows :

“‘The egg may be found on the underside of the purslane leaf, singly
or in clusters of two to five. It is a flattened hemisphere in form, about
one-half millimeter in diameter, attached by its flat side to the leaf; and

under the magnifier is a beautiful object, being delicately sculptured with
radiating grooves, and with dots in concentric lines. The young larva is
hatched two or three days after the egg is laid, and at first is light greenish,
or yellowish green, with darker shading across the middle of the body.
The body is now thinly set with black hairs, arising from minute black
points. Eight or nine days after hatching, the larva is full fed, having
meanwhile moulted four times. It is now a smooth-bodied caterpillar,
with the ground color, a light gray or dull white, marked with black
dashes on the sides of each segment, and with shadings of salmon pink.
The full-grown larvee enter the ground for transformation, excavating for
themselves in the surface soil, to the depth of two inches, a tubular
burrow, the lining layer of which is rendered firm by the application of
the juices from the caterpillar’s mouth, and the opening closed by a thin
layer of particles of soil united in the same manner. ‘These cases may,
with moderate care, be removed entire from the soil.”

‘The transformation to the pupal state is now effected. The insect
in this state has the pointed oblong form and brown color of the pupa of
moths in general, slight characteristics being found in the outlines of the
apex of the head and tip of the abdomen. The exact duration of the
pupal state was not observed. However, it may be said that the insect
was underground about twelve days; at the end of this period appearing
as a moth.”

The moth also is described, but as that is comparatively well known
-we will not reproduce the description.

Prof. Popenoe says in addition to the descriptions : ‘‘Four broods of
the insect have been traced the past summer, and some of the moths of
the last brood are now flying. It is not certain, however, that they will
generally leave the pupa before Spring ; and further observation is needed
to determine the manner of hibernation.”

‘*The larva was seen at Manhattan in 1886, in moderate abundance,
and the moth was bred that year. Previous to 1886, the writer has seen
this moth only from the southwest, having collected numerous specimens
at La Junta, Colorado, in 1881.”

‘Specimens are reported by collectors from Arizona and Texas, the
species having been described from the last-named region by Grote and
Robinson, in the transactions of the American Entomological Society,
Vol. II, for 1868-69.”

The article has good wood cut illustrations of the egg, the nearly
emerged and the mature larva, the pupa and pupa case and also the
imago.

—rée—

Food - Plants of Lepidoptera.
By Wm. BruTENMUELLER.

[No. 7.]
(LAGOA CRISPATA, Pack.)
Rosacee.
Pyrus malus, Tourn. (Common Apple.) | Rubus occidentalis, L. (Black Rasp-
Prunus Cerasus, Juss. (Common Garden berry.)
Cherry.) Rubus cuneifolius, Pursh. (Sand Rasp-
Prunus domestica, L. (Plum.) berry.)
Rubus villosus, Ait. (Blackberry.)
Lauracee.
Sassatras officinale, Nees. (Sassafras.) | Lindera Benzoin, L. (Spice-bush.)
Platanacez.
Platanus occidentalis, L. (Sycamore.) | Platanus orientalis, L. (Oriental Plane.)
Cupulifere.
Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.) Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Swamp or
Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak.) Pin Oak.)
Quercus rubra, L.. (Red Oak.) Corylus americana, Walt. (American
Quercus coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Hazel.)
Myricacee.
Myrica cerifera, L. (Bayberry or Wax Myrtle.)
Betulacee.
Betula alba, L. (White Birch.) Alnus incana, Willd. (Speckled or Hoary
Betula. var. populifolia, Spach. Alder.)
Alnus serrulata, Ait. (Smooth Alder.)
Salicacee.
Populus tremuloides, Michx. (American | Salix alba, L. (White Willow.)
Aspen.) Salix lucida, Muhl. (Shining Willow.)

Populus grandidentata, Michx. (Large-
toothed Aspen.) |

Society Meetings.

Brooklyn Entomological Society.— November rst, 1887. Thirteen members
present.

Dr. Geo. Marx of Washington, D. C., and Herman Meeske were elected
members.

The following amendments to the constitution, proposed at the last meeting of »

the Society, were adopted.

Art. II, Section 8, to read as follows : <‘ The Executive Committee shall hold not
less than one meeting each month, except during the months of July and August.
Any member of the Committee absent from three consecutive meetings, without excuse
satisfactory to the Committee, shall be understood thereby to have resigned his office,
and at its option, the Committee shall have power to accept the resignation and to fill
the vacancy.”

Art. I, Section 9, to read as follows: ‘*Members 6 months in arrears for dues,
shall be debarred from all privileges of the Society, unless excused by a majority vote
of those present at the next meeting. The Treasurer shall read at each meeting, as part
ot his report,:a list of all members whose dues to date amount to the sum of three
dollars or more, for the information of the Society.”

Mr. Weeks read an interesting note on L.xemias pellucidus, Boh., a beetle: new
to our Fauna. He had taken the beetle on Staten Is!and,

Mr. Beutenmueller reported that he had taken it also at Astoria, Long Island,

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, JANUARY, 1888. NO. 10.

New Genera and Species of North American Moths.

By Henry Epwarps.

Family HETEROGYNID, H.-Sch.
Thia, new genus.

Size small. Thorax and abdomen rather stout, the latter extending for nearly
half its length behind the posterior wings. Head imbedded deeply between the eyes,
which are rather large. Palpi long, slightly bent downwards, the basal article longer
than the ather two, the apical short, pointed. Antenne simple. Tibiz and tarsi
long, hind tibize with two long spines, the tarsi also furnished with short spines and
the last joint sharply hooked. (The middle and anterior pair are broken in the spe-
cimen before me.) Wings short, the anterior pair only slightly longer than the
posterior. The margins of both are very distinctly rounded. Fringes long. The
wings are densely covered with scales, so tbat it is impo-sible to give the neuration
accurately. There is, however, apparently no costal vein to the inferior wings, and
the internal vein seems to be very short.

I have no doubt whatever of the close relationship of this singular
form to the European genus Adychia, Latr., which has until recently
wanted a permanent resting-place. It has been placed in the Zorfricide,
Tineide, and | think by one author in the Zethosiide, but it is now by
common consent agreed to belong to H.-Scheeffer’s family le/erogynide,
which comes in the system near to the #geriade and Thyride. My
Penthetria parvula may also be placed into H.-Scheeffer’s family, so that the
present species will be the second of the group now known in N. America,
Tha is the Goddess of Light of the Greek Mythology.

Thia extranea, n. sp.

Head, thorax, abdomen above and below, and upper surface of primaries greenish
black, with shght metallic lustre. Fringe slightly golden. Secondaries sub-diaphanous,
with the fringe golden brown, with golden scales scattered over the surface. The

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 28 JANUARY 1888.

—— le

underside of primaries thickly, of secondaries thinly covered with golden scales.
Probos-is honey-yellow. Antenne long, black, simple.

Exp. wings, 15 mm, Length of body, 8 mm.

2 examples, taken by Mr. A. J. Bolter at Los Angeles, S. California,
April, 1879, on flowers.

This species has a strong superficial resemblance to the Q of A.
appendiculata, Esp.

Family BOMBYCIDZE.

Halisidota significans, n. sp.

Ground color of primaries, sordid white, with three dentated bands of rich
brown, through which run, along the course of the nervures, streaks of dull scarlet,
giving the insect a very unusual and striking appearance. The scarlet color is very
apparent on the costa, and there are also faint streaks of the same shade at the base.
‘The exterior margin is also scarlet, with the fringe dull white. Secondaries semi-
transparent, sordid white, with the abdominal margin buff. Underside with the same
markings, but fainter. Thorax dull scariet, streaked with sordid white. Abdomen,
rusty boown. Exp. wiugs, 40 mm.

1 6. Las Vegas, N. Mexico. A. J. Bolter.

An entomological anecdote has to be related with reference to this
species. I described this and Serarctia Boltert when in Chicago, 3 years
ago, and soon afterwards Mr. Bolter sent colored drawings of both species
to Mr. R. H. Stretch. On my return home, some weeks later, I received
a letter from Mr, Stretch in which he says: ‘‘ Your /a/isidofa significans
isa synonym of Strecker’s 77, ambigua.” The manuscript of my paper
was then in the printer’s hands, but I at once sent to have the description
stricken out. I was in time to get this done, but it turned out, when it
was too late, that Mr. Stretch meant that my Sezrarcha Boltert was the
synonym, and thus I redescribed one of Mr. Strecker’s species, and left
the new one, which I now publish, unrecorded. ‘This is one of the most
beautiful of all 7/adisedofas and resembles in its coloration some of the
tropical forms. The unique type is in Mr. Bolter’s collection. He was
good enough however, to furnish me with an exquisite drawing of the
insect.

Inguromorpha, new genus,

A genus closely allied to Cossus, and deemed by Mr, J. B. Smith,
to whom I submitted the specimen for examination, to be identical with
it. He points out the distinctions, however, and thev are so marked and
the insect so unlike the ordinary species of Cossus in coloration and mark-
ings, that I think it wise to separate it, which I do at least provisionally,
under the above name. I am fortified in this course also, by the opinion
of Dr. Packard, who has also seen the specimen, and who believes it to

be a new genus,

The head is small, not more than one-third the width of thorax. Eyes very large.
Palpi barely exceeding the head, with long hairs at their base, the terminal article
small, and sharply pointed. Antenne closely and deeply pectinated. Thorax densely
tufied with short scale-like hairs. Abdomen cylindrical, dotted with short hairs,
Feet and legs are covered with hair to the base of the tarsi, which are also sparsely
clothed with hairs. Wings much narrower than usual in the genus Cossus, the
secondaries being a little more than half the length of primaries. Th2 median cell cf
both wings is divided, and there is an accessory cell on the primaries only. The in-
ternal vein of primaries is reduced to a mere fold, and there is a connecting vein
between the costal and subcostal of secondaries. Otherw'se, the n-uration resembles
that of Cossus.

Inguromorpha Slossoni, n. sp.

Pale gray. At base of primaries is a deep black transverse band, extending
quite across the wing. At interial angle and apex are distinct black lines forming
circles, the enclosed spaces being dotted with brownish black scales, and there are
aiso several irregular black dashes on the rest of the wing. The secondaries are pale
gray, with faint black reticulations. The under side has the markings repeated, but
a little more faintly. Thorax and abdomen gray, with blackish mottling,

Ex». wings, 32 mm. Length of body, 15 mm.

From 1 <3, taken at Jacksonville, Florida, at electric light, by Mrs,
A. Trumbull Slosson, to whom I respectfully dedicate it. I have taken
considerable pains to compare this singular species with the descriptions
of those in our lists which are unknown to the general entomologist, and
cannot make it to be anything but a new species. It is certainly not C.
nanus of Strecker, as that is said to resemble C. Agniperda. It is not at
all like the descriptions of Walker's C. Alagiatus or C. populi, and differs
also greatly in size, these two being each said to be 18 lines, or 23 inches
in expanse, while the present species is only 13 inches. Lintner s1G
undosus would appear, if perfect, to be of the same size as Walker's spe-
cies. The markings too, are very different from either of them, the strange
circular apical blotch, and the distinct black basal transverse line being
strong characters. I shall.endeavour at an early day to give a figure of
this very interesting species.

Arctia Brucei, n. sp.

J. Ground color of primaries brownish black. At the base is a rosy red patch,
enclosing 3 black dashes. Costa for its entire length, a large triangular patch in the
middle, an almost straight line from costa to internal margin, fringe and internal
margin all rosy red. The line across the wing is slightly bent about its middle, and
from it are two slight dashes, indicating the W mark common to the genus, but in
this sex there is no trace of the mark beyond these faint lines. Secondaries wholly
rosy red, with broken maculate marginal band. Head chestnut brown. Shaft of
antennee fawn color, Disc of thorax, upper side of abdemen, pectus, base of femora,
and pectinations of antennze brown. Collar, tibiae, and abdomen beneath and at the
sides, rosy red. Underside of wings marked as above, but more faintly.

©. Similar to the J: but the red is brighter and the mark on the outer third
of the wing more distinct. It is however, more like the letter X than W, ard the

a

outer branch after touching the margin, turns again to the costa, which it reaches
about 3 mm. from the apex, The spots on the margin of secondaries are smaller
than in the <j’, and the abdomen is wholly ro-y red, except a blackish brown dorsal
line. Exp. wings, 34 mm. Length of body, 15 mm.

From 6 examples, <j, Q, raised from larvee found near Denver,
Colorado, by Mr. D. Bruce, to whom I dedicate this beautiful species.
The vestiture is very long, and the wings though gaily colored, are thinly
clothed with scales, giving the insect a slightly transparent look. It has
a remarkable resemblance to Phragma/obia, and but for the strongly pec-
tinated antennz of the <¥, I should not hesitate to place in that genus.

Arctia Franconia, n. var.

A form of 4. figurata, Drury, in which the disc of the lower wings is bright
golden yellow. ‘The primaries are rich black—a rather broad band of cream color
runs from the middle of base to near internal angle, where it forms the one side of the
W like mark, which is here very distinct. A small sublunate cream colored dash in
the cell. Internal margin narrowly cream color. Secondaries golden yellow on the
disc, with very broad black marginal band extending around the costa, indented on
its inner edge, and joined in middle of the costa to a Jarge black discal spot. At ex-
treme base are two black dashes. The extreme abdominal margin is yellow, and
there are long dusky yellow hairs clothing this portion of the black band. Head in
front, tegulae, and sides of abdomen cream color. Palpi and antennze black, as are
also the disc of thorax and two spots on the collar. The coxze are cream color, the
tarsi black. The underside has the markings repeated.

Exp. wings, 32 mm. Length of body, 15 mm.

1. Taken at Franconia, White Mountains, N. H., by Mrs. A.
TT. Slosson.

Arctia remissa, n. sp. (?)

©. Closely resembling A. Yarrow, Stretch, ef which it may be a variety. In

the color and markings of the abdomen and legs it exactly agrees with Mr. Stretch’s
description (Zyg. Bombyc. N. Amer., p. 221), the difference being as follows ; the
markings of the primaries are buff, not lemon yellow, the secondaries are black only
at the base, and a little way along the abdominal margin, there is a black waved
central streak, and four submarginal black spots, the apical one very small. Next to
this is a dentate line, then a large sublunate spot, and a linear one at the anal angle.
Beneath the wings are both wholly suffused with orange red, the costa of primaries
and the whole surface of the secondaries being clearly of that color, the markings of
upper side being but faintly seen.
Exp. wings, 38 mm. 4. Yarrow? is given as 1.75 inch.

19. Uneoa Bay, Hudson’ B, territory, Lucien M: Turner) ime
rewuarkable difference in locality, Mr. Stretch’s type having been taken in
Arizona, leads me to think that this may be a distinct species. The
specimen from which my description is made, had evidently been put into
its paper alive, as some eggs had been deposited. These were clear
white, and very glossy shining like satin, flattened on the side of attach-
ment. ‘They had produced several larvee, all of which were killed. These

—185—

were wholly black, with the hairs of the posterior segments longer than
the rest, and tipped with white.

Apatela sancta, n. var.

Pure clean white, with all the markings reduced to mere spots or dashes. There
is a very minute black dash at the base of primaries, hardly visible without a lens,
three black spots on costa, one at basal third, the other two near together beyond
the middle —one in middle of wing, and a faint one behind the cell. The submarginal
line is indicated by three spots, one on internal margin, one near the middle of vein
3, and a smaller ene near the apex, clese to which are two very indistinct dots. The
marginal line is composed of minute black dots, and there is also a black dot in the
middle of the internal margin. Fringe clear glossy white. Secondaries silvery
white, glossy, shining, the marginal line barely visible. Fringe clear white. Head,
thorax, breast, palpi, outer side of coxze, femora and _tibize clear white, as is also the
underside of abdomen. Shaft of antennze white, pectinations black. Tarsi white,
banded with black, Interior of legs blackish. Upperside of abdomen black, covered
with long white hairs, and with white band, indicating the separation of the seg-
ments.

Exp. wings, 42 mm. Length of body, 20 mm.

1. White Mountains, N. H., Mrs. A. E.Slosson. I have for
the present regarded this as a variation of A. populi, Riley, but it may
prove to bea new species. I took an example of this form at St. John, —
N. Brunswick, in August 1886. It has at first sight a good deal of the
appearance of the European 4. Leforina. I may here remark that Mr.
Grote is in error in supposing A. fopul? to be identical with A. lepusculina,
Guen. I have now a very long series of both forms, and am confident
that though closely allied, they are distinct species, A. depusculina being
much darker than its relative, the ground color of the wing being gray
instead of white, with the black markings less distinct. In this respect it
approaches A, felina, Grote, with which it is probably sometimes con-
founded.

Has the form of Zcpan¢heria scribonia, Stoll, found in Florida—and
perhaps in other Southern States—received a name as a variety? I took
last Spring, in Jacksonville, between thirty and forty of this species. The
specimens were all fresh and unworn, save that the tips of primaries were
invariably devoid of scales. Later, in reading Abbot’s Insects of Georgia,
I found a reference to a Southern form of scrionia as having ‘‘tips of
primaries denuded.” (I cannot quote literally, not having the book at
hand.) I have never met with the ordinary form in Florida,

New York. ANNIE TRUMBULL SLosson,

—186—

Descriptions of three new Eucharids from Florida,
with a Generic Table of the Eucharine.

By Witti1am H. ASHMEAD.

The discovery of three new Chalcids in Florida, in the subfamily
Lucharine, belonging to genera not yet recognized in the United States,
and the meagre table of this subfamily in Mr. Cresson’s ‘‘Synopsis,” has
induced me to reproduce here Mr. W. F. Kirby’s very excellent table, as
published by him in his revision of this group; wde Jour. Linn. Soc.,
Mol (L886) ps 128:

In this timely paper, Mr. Kirby describes six new genera and recog-
nizes in the subfamily no less than fiteen distinct genera, from all parts of
the world, which he has rendered readily recognizable in his admirable
table.

Of these, species in six of the genera are now already known from
North America, viz. : Lucharzs, Latreille, Orasema, Cameron, Lophyro-
cera, Cameron, Kapala, Cameron, Zhoracantha. Latreille, and Lira/a,
Cameron.

No doubt, species in other of the genera will be recognized when
our fauna is more thoroughly worked up.

Mr. Kirby says: ‘‘The Zuchariné are large, strongly-sculptured,
metallic-colored Chatidide ; the abdomen always more or less petiolated,
and is frequently raised and compressed, giving the insects some re-
semblance to the Cynipidz. From the Perilampine, to which they have
some resemblance, they may be distinguished by the longer petiole, the
absence of the stigmatic nervule, &c.”

Now, I can see no resemblance at all to the Cynipide, at least in
any of the forms known to me; on the contrary to me they exhibit a
much more remarkable resemblance to the vanid@, and I believe that
the Eucharid genus Lophyrocera connects the Chalcidide with this family,
through the peculiarly Evaniid genus A/ypira.

The following is the table alluded to above:

TABLE OF GENERA.

Seutelliuma’ bidentate 255. 5s acecs.0th sw 0,0 evoyn sso ele DL See Be ese ade eee ee cy
Scutellum not bidentate.
Antenne 'ramOse an Maley... ccpsiesreiaver che, ous PraPavs ere cae eat tele ene tec eee eee 23

Antenne simple in male.
* Antennze monilitorm.
Abdomen compressed, ascending............... G.1. Eucharis, Latreille.
Abdomen not compressed, nor ascending.

—187—

First joint of tarsi much thickened............. G. 3. Tricoryna, Kirby.
First joint of tarsi very long, but not thicker than the others

G. 4. Metagea, Kirby.
** Antenne not moniliform.

ieimts of antennesnlancereree. a a-je ee. jas 2e ss G. 5. Psilogaster, Blanch.
HOmmtS Of antenmeashOnuueia. sie! lje\ajerlsci- = <= 9 G. 2. Orasema, Cameron.
BeOMLcniiae TAMOSCMMNMAleMMeet aera elles clelesa ccs cls atx G. 6. Chalcura, Kirby.
BmMLenice hiramoOseimimaler ur vs... arse eles see: G. 7. Rhipipallus, Kirby.
Spocitellum~ oftentasilonevasmme abAOMeNns.. jacce ae ales ve sleiese «os ole oneeeienye 4.

Scutellum of moderate size.
MN ean cha Se haere ee ah Mees G. 8. Stilbula, Spinola.
Antenne ramose in male.
Metathonaruimagmedinge<... «. c's ae'eeaaein ee G. 9. Schizaspidia, Westw.
Metathorax with a strong lateral projection.
AMetathoracic mprocesses) GCUrvime GCOWlw andra. of 5 a ielg esi -'ole viele! -)eoeeyee

Antennz simple in male

G. 11. Lophyrocera, Cameron.
+}Metathoracic processes consisting of two seit horizontal! teeth: .saasee
G. 10. Tetramelia, Kirby.
4 Scutellar processes covering the whole abdomen.

#ocutellar processes very broad ............- G. 13. Thoracantha, Latreille.
ttScutellar processes long, contiguous, and tapering to the extremity -....-......
G.15. Uromelia, Kirby.

Scutellar processes long and slender, generally curving inwards towards the tips.
Third joint of the antennz as long as all the rest together................
G. 14. Lirata, Cameron.
||| Third joint of the antennz not much longer than fourth

G. 12. Kapala, Cameron.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

LOPHYROCERA, Cameron.
Lophyrocera floridana, n. sp.

co. Length .15 inch. Brownish-yellow ; thorax with some brownish blotches ;
legs and abdomen pale, honey-yellow. Head small, triangular, eeneous black,
coarsely fluted. Eyes and antennz brown, the latter as long as the whole body, 13-
jointed. The scutellum ends in two short, diverging horns, horns black. Meta-
thorax with two prominent projections, one on each side. Abdomen compressed,
triangular ; the petiole long, slender, smooth, the length of the abdomen, Wings
clear hyaline, veins pale, the stigma thickened, brown.

Hab.—Florida,

Described from one specimen captured in April.

ORASEMA, Cameron.

Orasema violacea, n. sp.

o Length .12 inch. Violaceous, except the tibiae and tarsi, which are yellowish.
The head and thorax, rugose, and there is a slight golden lustre on disks of meso-
notum, parapsides, scapulz, scutellumand pleuree. The abdomen is shortly petiolated,

——1so0—

long triangulated, shaped somewhat as in some Peri/ampi. The antennz are
dark brown, the wings hyaline ; stigma a mere dot.
Hab.— Florida.

Described from one specimen collected in May.
Orasema minuta, n. sp.

d'. Length .o8 inch. Head and thorax golden with some slight bluish reflec-
tions. This species is much more finely rugose than O. ve/acea. The scutellum is
very high, almost pyramidal, with the apex well rounded. The legs are pale yel-
lowish, except a faint blotch on the middle of the femora. Abdomen zeneous black.
Wings hyaline.

Hab.—Florida.

Described from one specimen.

> +.

Exomias pellucidus, Boh.
By ArcHIBALD C. WEEKs.
(Read before the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Noy. 1, 1887.)

In the Summer of 1886, while on a collecting excursion on Staten
Island, I found what seemed to be an Otiorhynchus of a dark piceous
color, about + of an inch in length. The insect was found slowly erawl-
ing upon stone flagging, beneath some large Elm trees. The beetles
were numerous, and seemed to emerge from the grass which lined the
border of the flagging. I took a number, as did also Messrs. Dietz and
Beutenmueller,, who were accompanying me. As none of my friends
were able to identify the beetle, | wrote to Dr. Horn asking for informa-
tion, and at the same time sent him specimens. Dr. Horn was unable
to recognize it as belonging to our Fauna, and sent specimens to Dr.
Sharp of England, and M. Bedel of Paris. In due time he heard from
the latter gentleman, and I have received the following note.

‘*T have just received a letter from M. L. Bedel of Paris who pro-
nounces the little Otiorrhynchide to be Lwomias pellucidus, Boh., a spe-
cies very common in the environs of Paris at the base of the cultivated
Fragraria (Strawberry. ) He thinks it must have been introduced here.

Yours truly, Gro. H. Horw.”

From the numbers of the insect seen on Staten Island, and from the
fact, that it has since been taken by Mr. Beutenmueller at Astoria, L. L.,
I think we must believe it is well established in this vicinity and can be
now properly credited as belonging to our Fauna.

As said above, the insects that were seen on Staten Island seemed
to come from the grass. In the absence of knowledge of its habits, no
observations were made as to the presence or absence of Strawberry plants
in the vicinity

Een

A Summer Trip to Southern California,
By Guo. D. Hurst,

It was my good fortune to be able to get away from professional
duties during the last Summer. Starting from home I made my way
without any but necessary stops till I reached Los Angeles, Calif. My
entomological captures on the way were but few. A Syueda,, which
boarded the train in Arizona, A PAyced, new to Science, which I found
on aR, R. lamp while we were stopping for breakfast at the Needles, but
carried in my hat for a day, it lost its beauty. At the Needles a legum-
inous shrub was very attractive to butterflies, and on the Mohave Desert
Lycaéna exilis was very plentiful, flying in the hottest sunshine when the
Thermometer ranged from 110 to 120 degrees in the shade.

My first chance to do any collecting was a single day (June 22,) at
San Diego. Among other captures I took Lycena Batioides, Behr., L.
Marina, Reak., Chrvsophanus Hermes, ¥.dw., (asingle specimen), Lemonias
Virgulti, Edw., L. australis, Edw., Chlorosea fasciolaria, Guen., and
Thamnonoma Guenearta, Pack.

The next opportunity I had was at San Bernardino, where I enjoyed
the hospitality of Mr. W. G. Wright, who in every department of Science,
but notably in Botany and Entomology has done faithful work. Mr.
Wright used his horse and wagon, his purse, and himself, to make my
visit pleasant, and took any amount of trouble to show me some rarities
‘‘in the flesh.” First about San Bernardino we collected nearly full
grown caterpillars of Hemileuca Nevadensts, Stretch. They were very
common, feeding on Cottonwood and Willow. Then in a swampy place,
where knee deep in mud and water I pursued them, he showed me the
haunt of Scepsis Wright. The swamps of California are very different
from Swamps in the East. There are no Ferns, and there is none of the
prolific development of Geometride and Microlepidotira. However, |
managed to get a Crambus or two, and the rare and beautiful Orodena
octonalis, Zell.. hitherto taken, so far as I know, in Texas only.

Next, I was taken into the mountains to the Arrow Head Hot Springs
Hotel. It was curious to note as we advanced how marked was the
difference of the Lepidoptera of the plain, the foot hills, and the moun-
tains. Colas Eurytheme held the plain; coming to a certain point Mr.
Wright said : “ Now you will see no more Lury/heme but Barbara takes
its place,” and so it was. And here too C. Lurydice, the most beautiful
of our butterflies on the wing, and perhaps also when spread, was seen,
Just above the beginning of mountain rise, AZelitea Wrightit was taken,
having a narrow range of a few hundred feet of elevation. Up at the

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. II. 29 g JANUARY 1888.

—Igo—

Hotel I remained three days, taking among other things, Prer?s Beckerii,
Edw., Colas Barbara, H. Edw., C. Hagenit, Edw., Melitea Gabbit,
Behr, JZ Wiighti, Edw., Satyrus Paulus, Edw., Thecla Caiifornica,
Edw., 7! adenoslomats, H. Edw., and Chrysophanus Gorgon, Bois.

Another day I was taken up a canyon almost to the summit of the
mountains, Here along a little stream I took 8 C. Lursdice, Bois., in
one throw of the net, and 7 in another, all perfect but one! Here, well
up the gorge P. Lurymedon, Bois., and Zolcaon, Bois., flew. Here along
the stream we took Limenitis Lorquinu, Bois., Helerochroa Cahifornica, Butl.,
Thecla Grunus, Bois., 7. troides, Bois., and Copeodes Wrightii, Edw..
and near the summit on a projecting “bench” I saw Argynnis Semiramis,
Edw., though I was unable to *‘box” it. It is the only Argyanis found
there.

One thing surprised me, and that was the rarity of all Heterocera.
‘«Sugaring” brought nothing, and light littlhe more. Mr. Wright said
this was in accord with all his experience. He never had the least success
with ‘‘sugar,” and the brilliant electric lights brought very little to them.
Only one Sphinx was taken, Deilephila lineata, Fabr., which is very
common, Its larva, eaten from the hand, just suits the fastidious taste
of the Mohave Indians,

Leaving the Paradise of San Bernardino my next stopping place was
Prescott, Arizona. Here, as in the main in Arizona, my visit was ento-
mologically a disappointment. ‘The people had gone into cattle raising,
till at last they had overstocked the country. The cattle were dying by
tens of thousands for lack of food. Grasses of every sort were as closely
cropped as possible, and all shrubbery was stripped, not only of leaves, but
of tender twigs as well. There was nothing for larvz to live upon, save the
few trees, mostly Pine. So from Prescott I went up into the mountains,
where the country was too rough for herding cattle, and where there was
absolute wildness, unbroken for many miles save by a single road. Here
I remained for 12 days in a miner's hut, flourishing on a fare of Bacon,
Coffee and ‘‘ Arizona Strawberries,” in other words Red Beans. Here I
found Papilio Daunus, Bois., ovipositing on Populus. Here I took Zerzas
Mexicana, Bois., Neonympha Henshawn, Edw., and rubricata, Edw.
Also quite commonly Zhecla apama, Edw., with Lycena Marina, Reak.,
and our old friend Pseudargiolus. But my best capture was Argynnis
Nausica, Edw., which seemed to be quite common though very local in
the bottom of the canyons at the head waters of the Hassayampa River.
As a White Violet was common there, its food plant is undoubtedly the
same as that of its congenors in the East. The flight of the insect was rapid
and the catching of it difficult, owing to the very rugged character of its

—I1IgI—

habitat. At the extreme summit of Mount Union, the highest point of
this part of the Territory, I took two specimens of Pafgidio Bairdu, Edw.,
and saw it no where else.

Of all the Butterflies I saw, Zudamus Tityrus, Fab., was the most
abundant. It fed on Rodinza Neo-Mexicana. Lycena Pseudargiolus,
B.-L., and ZLemonias Nais, Edw., were also abundant. The Coliads
were rare. I took but two Lury/heme, and saw one specimen ofa yellow
one which I could not capture. From what I saw of their flight, I feel
pretty certain that Aspen and Willow are the food plants of /feferochroa
Californica, Butl., Limenitis Lorquinii’, Bois., L. Weidermeyer’, Edw., L.
Ursula, (which was found in the variety Arizonensis, Edw., only), and
Vanessa Caitifornica, Bois., as well as of Papilio Daunus, Bois.

As in California Heterocera were extremely scarce. ‘‘Sugaring”
gave no insects whatever, and light was scarcely better. I did not see a
single Cafocala where Mr. Doll found hundreds.

The time of my visit was probably the worst time of the year, except
Winter, for collecting Lepidoptera. It was just at the end of the dry
season, and no rain having fallen for several months, the earth was hard
and vegetation parched. The rainy season begins from July ist to July
15th, and continues generally about a month. The early months of the
year, say in April and May, ought to be good, but probably August and
September are better,

As it was however, I took 77 species of Butterflies in all, in very
little more than two weeks collecting.

In Coleoptera I did very little collecting, but from what I did obtain
am certain that either in Southern California or Arizona one might have
done very well indeed at the time of my visit.

MH SH

Larva of Hemileuca Nevadensis.
By Gro. D. Hutst.

The larvee were found full grown at San Bernardino, S. California,
during the last week in June, on both Willow and Cottonwood, appar-
ently to some extent favoring the former food plant. Mr. Doll has in-
formed me he found the larvee in the Big Chino Valley, Arizona, where
only Cottonwoods were found.

mt: a: . : .
The full grown larva is from 2} to 33 inches in length. The head
is dark reddish brown, slightly conical in shape, with a slight furrow on

—19z2—

summit. The body is cylindrical in shape, largest at the posterior middle,
and tapering in both directions, though less posteriorly than anteriorly.
It is generally of a dull clay green color, varying to nearly clay white,
and to yellowish green. ‘This ground color is much taken up by broken
and irregular blackish bands. One, dorsal, is narrow and generally con-
tinuous ; another, subdorsal, is broader and broken; a third, supra-
stigmatal, is still broader and still more broken, being composed of ir-
regular short lines or striations. The portions of the ground color
showing, are generally more or less oval in shape. The stigmata are
clay white, oval, annulated with black. Beneath blackish, with many
oval shaped spots of clay white. Prolegs black, ventral dull reddish,
hairy, feet black. On each of the first five segments of the body and on
the ninth and tenth are 8 spinous processes; the sixth, seventh and
eight have 6, and the eleventh has 5. These are arranged in rows, as
subdorsal, lateral and substigmatal ; where the two extra processes exist,
they are supra-pedal, and where one, it is dorsal. The supra-pedal, sub-
stigmatal, and lateral spinous processes consist of a number of small
spines about the base of a single larger and black spine. Those about
the base are black at bottom, whitish yellow towards apex, black at apex.
The subdorsal processes on the first segment are like those already de-
scribed. On all the other segments, except the second and eleventh,
the subdorsal spinous processes consist of one main spine with many
small spinules growing out of it except towards the apex. The spinules
are yellow, the central spine is black. The processes on the second and
eleventh are a compound of both the other forms.

The larvae were very common at San Bernardino, in many cases de-
nuding the trees. As has been said Mr, Doll found them in Central
Arizona. In Eastern Arizona and Western New Mexico, along the A. T.
and Santa Fé R. R., in many places the Cottonwoods were entirely de-
nuded of leaves by some insect, very likely the larva of this species.

The larvae pupated in Arizona the first week of July, and being
brought to Brooklyn the imagines emerged about the middle of
November.

Mr. Grote in his Catalogue, 1882, puts this insect as a variety of
Hemileuca Maia, Dru., which it seems to be. Mr. Stretch in his de-
scription notes some differences in the color of patagiz, and the markings
of the fore wings. But I have seen many 4. A/aia from Texas which
showed the patagiz of the color of the typical 7. Nevadensis, and which
varied very much in the color of the wings—some being almost immac-
ulate black, and others having the white band almost covering the wing,
and this too in the same sex. But in Texas as I believe in the East and

pe

North the food plant is Oak only, while in California, Nevada and Ari-
zona the food plants are Willow and Poplar, and while Oak is in many
places common, I am not aware, that the larva has in those places ever
been found feeding upon it.

The larva of H. Nevadensis was originally described by Mr. Henry
Edwards (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. Apl. 19, 1875). ‘These described above
do not differ very materially from those described by him, and yet in
some respects they seem to vary. He found the food plant to be Willow.

>

Larva of Chlorosea bistriaria, Pack.
be cGEes IO) eHivEss,

Head rounded, somewhat furrowed between the eyes. Color clay
green, with scattered dark flecks. All parts heavily rugose. Body con-
siderably swollen just behind the head, then the segments continuing
nearly of the same size to the last. Ground color of the whole, a dirty
clay white ; somewhat russet anteriorly on dorsum, with dusky, irregular
and broken markings below. The segments are distinctly separated from
each other, and each one is very rugose and as well ridged and tubercled.
First there is on each a raised ridge on each side of the dorsal line, not
very distinctly marked with a small tubercle and hair point, on the
anterior portion of each segment. Then a supra-lateral ridge of tubercles,
one on each segment, angular, and somewhat extended backward, much
after the ordinary pattern of the larvae of Aplodes. Each of these tubercles
is surmounted at the point by a smaller cylindrical tubercle, somewhat
spiny haired on sides, and with a single prominent spine on the summit.
Laterally there are two oblique ridges on each segment. ‘The spiracles
are marked by black points, The prolegs are dusky in color, the ventral
are of the color of the body. Food plant, the flowers of Golden Rod,
(Solidago).

The larvz has a peculiar method of progression, which I have noticed
in a few other Caterpillars. As it reaches forward to advance it moves
the forward part of the body with a trembling palsy like motion, bobbing
the head at the same time from side to side.

The larva has at the same time a very remarkable habit. After eat-
ing the scales of the involucre of the flowers, it places the flowers upon
the spines which sutmount the body on each side of the dorsum. These
soon drying, become distended, and thus the larvae is thoroughly hidden,
as it absolutely resembles the ripening flower heads, for about all that is
visible is composed of them. Mr. Bruce, to whom I am indebted for the

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 30 JANUARY 1888.

larvae, writes me: ‘‘I watched one yesterday fix the flower-buds on his
spines. He carefully bit the stalk in two, ana then took the flower
between the pair of front legs, sat up like a squirrel and nibbled all the
outer green covering, and then turned his head around and placed the
bud on the spine, pressing it down and turning it half round several
times until it was well fixed, and then, seeming to be tired, took a good
long rest.”

He says the larvae grew very slowly, and it is likely in view of the
time taken for larval development that the insect is single brooded. Those
that I received were seemingly not full grown, when no longer the flowers
of the Golden rod could be found to feed them; and I am _ uncertain
whether they pass the winter in the larval or pupal state.

SC

Capturing Carabus serratus.
By A; (C, WeExs;

The capture of this handsome Curé like that of its relatives of the
genus Cychrus is rapidly becoming more infrequent in the vicinity of the
City of New York. A specimen hibernating under a stone is occasicnally
taken in the Autumn or early Spring, but otherwise except by rare
chance is not I believe often met with. Yet this beetle is in my opinion
not so extraordinarily rare and familiarity with the life history and habits in
the case of this as of other beetles previously considered rare will supply
the collector with abundant specimens.

The species of this genus are chiefly nocturnal and the one in quest-
ion absolutely so. The single brood attains maturity in August and the
beetles emerge from their places of concealment and frequent the roots
of large trees in localities somewhat moist and comparatively free from
underbrush, searching there for food. They likely find enough of this
for.they are both carnivorous and vegetarian and when unable to inter-
cept some unfortunate caterpillar on its way to or from its lunch the
beetle will gorge itself with sap or other sweet juices. ‘This latter fact
can be made use of to obtain them in numbers. In sugaring after the
manner of Lepidopterists brush the syrup to the roots of the trees where
the beetles can readily find and follow its trail. Their fondness for the
liquid makes them indifferent to danger and indeed seems to stupify
them and they are easily captured.

All the species of Caraéus found in this vicinity can be readily and
plentifully taken in this manner.

aaa O ha

“A Revision of the Genera Acrolophus, Pocy, and Anaphora,
Clem. By The Right Honorable Lord Walsingham,
Me As Neda Sitk. 2: Si, oe"

By C. F. Fernatp, Amherst, Mass.

The above is the title of a very interesting and useful paper which
his lordship published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society
of London, and a copy of which he had the kindness to send me.

These insects have been in a complete muddle in thé collections and
minds of our entomologists, and we owe a debt of gratitude to Lord
Walsingham for this timely and carefully prepared paper.

It contains descriptions of thirty-five species (eighteen’ of which are
from the United States) and thirteen genera, forming a group which his
lordship raises to the rank of a subfamily with the name Axaphorine, and
places under the ‘‘ Zinerde.”

The introduction of three pages is followed by the following:

TABULATION OF THE GENERA OF ANAPHORINAE.

A. Palpi erect or slightly recurved.
a. Apical vein of fore wing forked.
i cee eG tae temerey eM Ye (a xc (so, 2) sre s Metres Auer ein aka Eulepiste, Wlsm.
eal piaparcscedatothe ead. . 1.) cies os cardio oe: Neolophus, Wlsm.
6. Apical vein of fore wing not forked.
IeweAMLETIM ces HC GhImna Ce meas oot). icj-'euele tatty a ee Ankistrophorus,* Wlsm.
II. Antenne simple or serrated towards the apex.
Teearsal jomtsyof hind less stroncly imnsedi above: 4... ...e..s ee ees
Thysanoskelis, Wlsm.
2. Tarsal joints of hind legs not strongly fringed above.

AA. Palpi erect, with distinct separate tufts on each joint...... .........
Ortholophus, Wlsm.

BB. Palpi slightly recurved, uniformly hirsute throughout...............
Pseudanaphora, Wlsm,
B. Palpi strongly recurved.
meme ATICMnbe DIPECIIMALG. . cerey-nait.ciicmiorsie wielsace wecarent|s soe fe ois _..Felderia, Wlsmn.
4. Antenne serrated throughout.
DME EMPICAIRVGLIMODKEC re cigs Sicha oe crete a ciarss one Cznogenes, Wlsm.

MIR epIOAl VEIeMOPLOUKed ny sen went sc ecient de eee eee Anaphora, Clem.

* Lord Walsingham having found that Azkistrophorus is preoccupied, has since
substituted the name /Yomonymus for it.

ge

c, Antennz simple, compressed, or slightly serrated ot the ends.

I. Apical vein forked.

be, Flead with: icrest-esect) 285) tees oon. vo ee Urbara, Wlk.

2) Eleadowithout erect Guests... 7 seein aero one Hypoclopus, Wlsm.
II. Apical vein not forked,

1. Palpi roughly clothed throughout................ . Acrolophus, Poey.

2. Palpi not roughly clothed throughout ............. Stoeberhinus, Butl.

The paper includes two plates with colored illustrations of eight
species, and numerous structural details, among which the genitalia of
the males are prominent. The adoption of characters taken from the
genitalia, in classification is undoubtedly a move in the right direciion.
These characters have proved of great assistance to me in the study of
the 7ortricide as well as to others in other families of the Lepidoptera.

> 0
A Wicked Worm.

This has been discovered in Germany, and is playing hayoc among
the rails. An article on the subject is going the rounds in Iron trade
and mining papers, and as, possibly some of our readers have discovered
it in their localities we quote from the Ahining Scientific Press of August
20th, 1887. ‘* The existence has just been discovered of a detestable
microbe (szc) which feeds upon iron with as much gluttony as the PAy/-
loxera upon the vine. Some time ago the greatest consternation existed
among the engineers employed on the railway at Hagen by the accidents
occuring always at the same place, proving that some terrible defect must
exist either in the material or the construction of the rails. The German
Government directed an inquiry to be made. and a commission of sur-
veillance to be found for the purpose of maintaining constant watch on
the spot where the accidents had occured. It was not however, until
after six months had elapsed that the discovery was made. One of the
employees had observed that the surface of the rails appeared to be cor-
roded, as if by acid, to the extent of 100 yards. ‘The rail was taken up
and broken, and it was perceived that it was literally hollowed out by a
thin gray worm, to which the qualification of ‘raz/ovorous’ was assigned,
and by which name it is to be classed in Natural history. The worm is
sud to be two centimeters in length, and of the size of the prong of a
silver fork in circumference. It is of a light gray color, and on the head
carries two little glands filled with a corrosive secretioa, which is ejected
every ten minutes upon the iron. This liquid renders the iron soft and
spongy, and of the color of rust, and it is then greedily devoured by the
insect.” ‘‘ There is no exaggeration,” says the official report of the

a

—197—

calamity, ‘‘in the assertion that this creature, for its size, is one of the
most voracious kind, for it has devoured 36 kilograms of rails in a fort-
night!” !!!

It occurs to us however, that this must be a close ally of the ‘‘Can-
non worm,” a still more detestable animal, which, once upon a time at-
tacked the guns of a Russian fort so viciously that they one and all burst
when the attempt was made to fire them. J, Bee

———— > - >

On Bolina fascicularis, (Hibn.) Guenée.
By H. B. Moscutier,

Kronforstchen, near Bautzen.

It does not seem to be generally known that Guenée in describing
this species in his ‘‘Noctuélites” III, p. 63, No. 1398, has made a very
considerable mistake. The Author cites under this species, fig. 443, 444,
of Hiibner’s ‘‘Zutriage zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge,” but
these figures show the two sides of Melipotis (4dia, Hb., Bolina, Guen. )
Sasciolaris, Hb. To increase the confusion, Guenée also describes this
latter species, (1. c., p. 69, No. 1412), and cites the same figures of Hib-
ners book! It is of course evident that there must be a mistake, as it is
impossible that the same figures could show two species as different as
Sasiolaris and fascicularis must be, if Guenée’s descriptions are correct,
The reader will no doubt now be not a little surprised when I tell him
that Hiibner never published a species of Bodtima named /uscicularis but
only /asciolaris to which belong the figures of his ‘‘ Zutrige.” The spe-
cies described by Guenée as fasczcudar?s does not exist at all, but Guenée
has mixed up two species in his description, viz: /asczo/aris, Hb., and
the North American species well known as A/elipotis ochreipennis, Har-
vey. He describes the fore wings of the latter, and the hind wings of the
former species ; besides he attributes to it the hairy brush of the middle
tibiae which shows the male of /usciolaris, He also does not state exactly
the fatherland of both species, as he says fascecudaris occurs in the ‘‘ An-’
tilles,” /asciolaris in ‘‘ Brazil and Honduras.”

It is very difficult to believe so famous an author as Guenée could
make so great a mistake, but there is no doubt he has made it; and
those who compare Guenée’s descriptions of these two species, must, I
am sure, agree with me.

It seems that American as well as European Authors, even those
most prominent, consider that the species occuring in the United States,
and published by Harvey as ochreipennis is fascicular’s, Guen., as I have

always received Harvey’s species thus named. I sent colored drawings
of this species as well as of the true fascivlaris, Hb., to Mr. J. B. Smith,
and this author confirmed the opinion that /ascicularis is synonomous
with ochreipennis, which latter however likely belongs as a variety to
nigrescens. Grt. & Rob.

Of course the name /fascicularis, Guen., although published before
ochreipennis or nigrescens, cannot stand, as there exists no species agree-
ing with the description of it given by Guenée, and Hiibner never pub-
lished a species under the name.

With regard to Bolina lunearis. Guen., a species nearly allied to
Sasciolaris, Ab., I am not convinced it is a good species, but am of the
opinion that it is the female of fzsciolar’s. The differences between the
two are the clay yellowish color of the head, thorax, and basal half of the
fore wings of Zunearts, while the color of these parts in fasctolaris is dark
brown ; besides the yellow band running through the basal half of /avser-
olaris is wanting in /umearts. But all these differences may be sexual as
the sexes of ochreipennis show similar variation. The size of the wings,
the disposition of the ornamentation of the fore wings, the color of the
outer half, and of the hind wings, as well as of the underside, exactly
correspond in /unearis with /asciolarts. There is also a small white
angular line upon the head between the antennz, and this, as it is found
so far as I know in no other species of the genus, is, I think, of import-
tance in establishing their identity.

I have never seen a male of /wmearis, nor a female of fasciolaris ; and
moreover these two species occur in the same localities: for instance, I
have received them from Porto Rico, and I saw only females of /unearvs,
and males of /usczo/aris in the large collection of my friend Dr. Staudin-
ger. Guenée himself was not convinced that Zunearis was a good species.
It would be of very great mterest to me to hear of any Lepidopterist who
has both sexes of one or the other of these species.

The fatherland of fascioluris, Hb., is the West Indies, Columbia
and Brazil; that of /uvearz’s, Guen,, so far as I know from Guenée, and
personally, is Cuba, Porto Rico, and Brazil. I do not doubt but this
species will be found everywhere where f/usczolaris is found to occur.

Ochrewpennis is found only in the United States. Mr. J. B. Smith
writes me that he has never seen a true North American specimen of
fasciolaris, Hb. ‘This species must therefore be stricken from the lists of
North American Lepidoptera.

Walker in his ‘‘ List” cites /uscécudaris (Hb.) Guen., with fasciolaris,
Hb., as he did not recognize the mistake made by Guenée.

Society Meetings.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. Dec. 6, 1887. Fifteen members present.
John B. Angelmann, of Newark, N. J., was elected a member of tae Society.

Messrs. Graef and Hulst were appointed a Committee to see the proper authori-
ties to ascertain ir the Seciety could obtain the use of rooms for meetings in the Hoag-
land addition to the Long Island Medical College.

As arranged at last meeting an auction sale of presented insects was held and
with only a part ot these sold the sum of $47.49 was realized.

Ent. Soc. Washington. Nov. 3, 1887. Mr. Schwarz read a paper on the
Insects living on Uniola paniculata, as observed by him at Cape Florida and near
Lake Worth in Southern Florida. ‘The Insects are on Oxacis and Hvmenorus densus
feeding on the ears of the plant ; a /A/@othrips living between the blades; the com-
mon chinch bug, which occurs in this Southern latitude only in the brachypterous
form, and develops some peculiar habits; Cod/ops nigriceps, which, in the imago
state frequently feeds on the pollen; Afordellistena splendens which develops within
the stems of the grass, and finally a Hemipeychus which in the larva state lives in the
stems vacated by the Mordeléistena. A full series of specimens illustrating the life
history of A/ordeliistena splendens was exhibited and explained. Mr. Schwarz also
spoke on the periodical abundance of mosquitoes on the shores of Biscayne Bay,
whenever the regular trade wind ceases to blow. At such times there is a curious
correlation in the increase of the numbers of mosquitoes on the one hand, and of
certain species of dragon flies on the cther. Mr. Schwarz finally called attention to
a peculiar habit noted by him in Danas Berenice which congregated in great numbers
on stones which had been heated by fire.

Mr. Smith exhibited a specimen of Cieindela Belfragei which shows a peculiar
abnormity in the shape of an acute tubercle on the left side of the prothorax. Mr.
Smith further called attention to some modifications of tarsal structure among the
Arctiide. He finds that some genera, as Ecpantheria and Leucarctia have the claws
cleft to the base. Others, as Aragmatobia and Pirrharctia have them dentate at
ithe tip, while in Spz/osoma and Anéarctia there is a distinct long tooth at the middle
of the claw. The claws are not always alike on all feet, and where there is any
difference the fore tarsal claws are the ones that are modified. What systematic
value this structure has, is yet uncertain. There are two distinct series indicated in this
family by the venation, by the position of vein 10. In one series it arises from the
subcostal before the end of the cell, in the other it arises from a stalk with 7, 8 and 9.

Dec. 8, 1887. Dr. Marx read a paper on the Morphology of the Scorpionide,
illustrating the same by a series of carefully prepared drawings of the various structural
details. Mr. Schwarz made a series of smaller communications, with exhibitions of
specimens. He showed specimens of the insects referred to by Mr. Smith in his paper
on ‘* Ants Nests and their Inhabitants’? (Amer. Nat. 1886, p. 686) viz: Zapinoma
sessile, an unnamed Heteropterous larva, an undescribed Azdhicus and the two species
ot Teinopophus, which, all occuring under the same conditions and at the same place,
exhibit a rather remarkable resemblance in general appearance. The galleries made
by Pityophthorus minutissimus under bark of Red Oak branches were exhibited, and
Mr. Schwarz pointed out that these galleries closely resemble those of P. guerciperda,
exhibited at a former meeting. The galleries all seem to be the work of the parent
beetle, and the larva probably do not make any galleries of their own. Mr. Schwarz
also exhibited specimens of Ofidocephalus Foeyi, Chevr., from Southern Florida, and

—ZO0O—

called attention to the remarkable character of the species, briefly mentioned by
Gyllenhal. This consists ofa large fovea on the upper side of the beak, which
Suffrian entirely misinterprets and considers an abnormity. The fact is that this
spoon-shaped fovea is a secondary male character not recurring in any other de-
scribed species of the genus. Mr. Schwarz also exhibited larvae, pupee and imagines
of Bonvouloiria, recently found by him at Biscayne Bay, Fla., and described the life
history of the insect and more particularly the first appearance ot the snow-white
efflorescence with which the thorax and a spot on the elytra of the imago is covered.
Mr. Schwarz finally pointed out that Dr. Harris in his account of the Pear-blight
Tomicus (Phleotribus limnaris) apparently mixed two species, the forms he mentions
as living under Elm bark being in all probability Hy/esinus opaculus.

Mr. Howard read a paper entitled “A misconception rezarding the Leconte
edition of Say.” The title page of this edition reads **The complete writings of
Thomas Say on the Entomology of North America,’”’ but finding several papers not
included in this edition Mr. Howard concludes from a paragraph in the preface that
the editor simply intended to bring together the descriptive papers of Say and that
the title page is therefore very misleading and the cause of a very general misconcep-
tion on the part of Entomologists, as to the scope of the work.

Mr. Smith gave some notes on his experience with Museum pests. Psacids he
finds come universally into boxes however tiyht, and .are readily controlled by
Naphthaline. The Dermestids, Anthrenus and Megatoma are not affected by Naphtha-
Jine to the extent of preventing growth and transformation. It acts however as a
repellant to the parent, and seems to check development of the young larva. Boxes
of similar nature in similar situations always showed infection more commonly where
no Naphthaline was used, while boxes with cones were as a rule free, or with a very
slight infection only. Tight boxes with Naphthaline cones remained free while the
cones lasted, and some time after showed young larva where it was almost impossible
that the infection should come from the outside. The common pest in Washington is
Anthrenus varius. A lot of boxes received from North Carolina proved invested with
Attagenus larva; those developed were killed, and the boxes were supplied with
cones—for over a year no larvee developed. After the cones had evaporated, they
were not immediately replaced, and in a short time when the boxes were again
examined it was found that a very general development of small larva —evidently
only a very short time from the egg had taken place. As A/tagenus is not common
in the Museum and as no other boxes were similarly infested, he concludes that the
Naphthaline prevented the development. Other instances were mentioned showing
that the eggs of these beetles may under some circumstances remain undeveloped and
sound for an indefinite time. He also finds bi-sulphide of carbon a positive destroyer
of the insects in all forms save the egg. It will not however reach larvee in large’
beetles like Cofris or moths like the A¢/aci. Boxes exposed to the light are less affected
than others. He also exhibited some ¢ocoons of a Aficrogaster found parasitic on
Anthrenus, and noted several other features in the history of the beetles, among which
he mentioned that in the warmed rooms of the Museum the insects breed continually,
all stages being found at all seasons.

—_——@-___—_-
A Correction.

On page 160 Mr. Howard corrects Mr. Jilich for his use of the
word Elder in his Article page 123. |The mistake was an error in Proof
reading. The word is Alder in his manuscript.

TONS Glee
MERIGANA

ROOKLYN, FEBRUARY, 1888.

N01

VOL. Il.

Address of Mr. G. W. J. Angell, the Retiring President
of the Brooklyn Entomological Society.

‘Mr. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN ?

The precedent, established by my
predecessors in office, calls for an address from me, on retiring from the
presidential chair. As a preface to the few remarks I have the honor to
lay before you to-night, I would thank you all for the hearty support
and encouragement, which have made my official duties a pleasure, not
a burden. To preside over a body, composed of so many different minds,
such widely varying ideas, can be no easy task, Some laws are neces-
sary; too many, but become a burden, and simply serve to clog the
wheels in the very work they are framed to aid. I have tried to steer
midway, between the rocks of rigid discipline and the hidden dangers of
too great license. The past year has had its full share of cares and dis-
couragements. At times we have been face to face with financial struggles
it seemed hopeless to grapple with: yet you have bravely put your
shoulders to the wheel and the threatened dangers disappeared. ‘These
trying ordeals are safely passed, all clouds of petty strife have faded, and,
now to-night we meet together with one thought, one aim ; the love and
advancement of our cherished Goddess, Science. Once more we stand
on.the threshold of a new year, with little to regret, much to congratulate
ourselves upon. To-night I lay aside the duties of offlcial life with
mingled feelings of gratitude and regret; yet the mantle of authority has
fallen on more worthy shoulders, an abler hand is at the helm; my loss
has been your gain,”

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. II. 31 FEBRUARY 1888.

—202—

On the Position of the Genus Pleocoma, Zec.,
in the Lamellicorn System.

By Dr. GERSTAEKER.

It is sufficiently well known that those related forms termed families,
as well in the Insects as in the other divisions of animal life, range them-
selves in larger, more sharply defined groups; sometimes easily, ani
sometimes only with the greatest difficulty. The latter occurs naturally
where all the members of a large group have essentially the same food
and life habits, while the former is more usual when differences in habit
bring about modifications of structure, which afford characters valuable
in systematic classification. In the Coleoptera for instance, the Lamelle-
cormia would be classed among those, which, sharply defined as they are
from others, would admit of a much more ready and satisfactory division
into naturally defined groups, than in say the families of-the Lla/eride,
Buprestidae, or even the Carabide, Melasomide and Cerambycida. While
in the latter group the case can readily occur-—-in fact has repeatedly oc-
curred—that a newly discovered genus offers so many and so variously
combined characters, that the exact position and relationship will be dif-
ferently determined according as the student values the often very obscure
and subordinate structural characters, such doubts scarcely exist at all in
a family like the Lamellicorns, or at least confine themselves to such
isolated genera which as for instance Pantodinus and Luchirus are so near
to the border line between two nearly related groups, that they might
with almost equal justice be referred to either. When therefore the case
does exceptionally occur, that in such a family a newly discovered genus
is, by an able and careful student, entirely misapprehended as to its
relationships, the reason is clearly to be sought in the fact that in such a
tvpe the subordinate or habital peculiarities predominate and obscure
and crowd out of view the essential characters to such an extent that
they are entirely overlooked.

The extraordinary genus P/eocoma, described by Leconte in 1856,
became known to me in 1866 in a single example in the collection of the
Berliner Entomologische Museum, and aroused in me, even at that time,
the gravest doubts as to the correctness of the position assigned to it by
Leconte as a near relative of the Geo/rypini; but I was unable at that time
to oppose that view from the examination of a single specimen which
also lacked the antennze—so highly important in classification. I might
have done so successfully in 1872 or 73 when a second, perfect example
of Pleocoma fimbriata came into the possession of the Berliner Museum
from the well known Californian traveler Alphons Forrer, but was pre-

—203—

vented by other work from a careful study of the specimens. At the
present time, as I have also another specimen of the same species from
the Greifswald Zoological Museum and three specimens from the rich
collection of my friend C. A. Dohrn, and as I was thus able to make not
only comparisons of superficial characters but also of those not visible in
situ, I hesitate no longer in endeavoring to prove what I had long
suspected—that the genus belongs to an entirely different group, remote
from the Geopirypidee. -

Leconte himself since 1856, when he first described the genus, has
several times referred to the systematic position and relationships of this
genus. While he at first considered it as related to the Dynastini he after-
ward changed his views so that he considered it as holding a middle posi-
tion between that group and the Geodryfini and finally came to the con-
clusion that it was the representative of a new group, nearly allied to the
Geotrypint and which he termed Pleocomint.

That he still adheres to this view seems to appear from the ‘‘ Index
to the Coleoptera described by John L. Leconte” (Tr, Am. Ent. Soc., IX,
p. 197-272) revised by Leconte himself and therefore authoritive, because -
in this publication the genus P/eocoma is (p. 233) still in the same place,
between Geof/rvpes and Nigacus, that it occupied in Leconte’s Catalogue
of the Coleoptera of North America (1863). Let us however follow Le-
conte a little more closely in his notes and opinions on this genus during
the past nineteen years.

In his ‘‘ Notice of three genera of Scarabidze found in the United
States” (Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Phil. VIII, 1856, p. 24) after an enumeration
of the characters which seemed to him important and peculiar to the
genus P/eocoma, he says as to its relationship :—‘‘A very remarkable in-
sect apparently belonging to the Dynastide, but differing from all the de-
scribed genera of that tribe by the eleven-jointed antennze having a four-
jointed club ; the seventh joint might almost be considered as belonging
to the club, but is only half the length of the four following. The very
long hairs fringing the body give a strong resemblance in appearance to
Syrichthus. ‘The anterior tibiae are somewhat as in Afhyreus ferrugineus
and other Geotrupides, but the teeth are more unequal; the anteocular
lateral horns are also seen in that species; the eyes are very large, and
contract the mouth so much beneath that the maxillae and mandibles are
invisible, or have been destroyed by insects ; the thick hair also prevents
me from seeing the form of the mentum. The form of the prosternum is
the same as in A/hyreus ; the anterior femora are very densely clothed
with hair on the anterior surface. The anterior and posterior tarsi are un-
fortunately destroyed ; the middle tarsi are exactly as in Afhyreus. Doubt
must therefore be entertained whether this species should be placed with

—204—

the Dynastida or Geotrypide ; the form of the antenne is equally re-
pugnant to each, while the irregular puncturing of the elytra finds no
parallel in the latter tribe.”

The only species there described, Pleocoma fimbriala, was known to
its author only in a single, very imperfect example received from C./i-
fornia through Haldeman. He adds that according to Motschulsky there
were examples of this species in the Museum at St. Petersburg, also from
California, and that Motschulsky considers it as closely allied to the Geo-
trypid genus Ceratophyus, Fisch.

In the ‘‘ Report of Explorations and Surveys for a railroad route
from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean” Vol. XII, (Entomological
Report, page 40, pl. I, fig. 13 and 13a) Leconte gives another diag-
nosis of Pleocoma fimbriata based on the same specimen from which the
original description was made, but in a foot note gives another character-
ization of the genus differing in important particulars from that previously
given, and based, not on that specimen, but on others since received,
and differing also in their smaller size. While in the original description
the club is said to be four-jointed, it is now saia to be seven-jointed, the
entire number—eleven—remaining the same. The mandibles and maxille
are said to be ‘‘zvis@, minute.” To this altered generic diagnosis, Le-
conte adds that these, newly received, perfect examples of this peculiar
genus, of which he could then make only a hasty examination, had not
given him more definite information in reference to its relationships. Al-
though the antennz being eleven-jointed agree with those of the Geo-
‘rypide yet their structure is entirely different as well from those of the
Geotrypide as from the more allied groups, and the smallness of the mouth
parts seems to indicate a new group between the Geofrypide and the
Coprint. ‘The differences between the first specimen and those later re-
ceived, in size, structure of antenne, punctuation and clothing of thorax
&c., he is inclined to consider as sexual. Referring to the original, large
specimen, described in the text, he says—contradicting the foot note—
‘*As the oral organs and abdomen are destroyed, I cannot tell whether
the genus belongs to the Dynastides or Geotrupides ; in either case the
four-jointed antennal club is equally remarkable. ‘The affinities, so far
as I can understand them, seem to be rather with Geofrupes.”

A further notice of this genus appears in 1859. In his “Catalogue
of the Coleoptera of Fort Tejon, California,” (Pr. Ac. N. Se., Phil., XI,
p. 71) Leconte gives a detailed description of the mouth parts of this in-
sect from a specimen found in the stomach ofa bird, and adds the fol-
lowing remark :—‘‘ It will thus be seen that combined with the 11-jointed
antenne with polyphyllous club, the characters above detailed are
abundantly sufficient to establish this genus as a new group, related to

Geotrupide and Copride, with, however, strong tendency towards the
Dynastide group of Scarab. pleurosticte.”

This new group is characterized under the name Péocomint in 1861
(Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, p. 123 and 128) and
in the ‘‘ List of the Coleoptera of North America,” published in 1863, at
p. 37 is placed among the Scarabeid@e latarostiti between the groups
‘*Geotrupini” and ‘‘ Acanthocerini.” * At last, in 1874, (Note on the
genus Pleocoma, Lec., in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. V, p. 81-84) Leconte gives
a resume of his statements made in his earlier publications on the genus
mentions the two species, Péocoma sluff, and hirtiollis, described in 1870
by Schaufuss (Nunquam otiosus II, p. 50) and now first makes known,
what is of the highest importance, the true female of the genus. This is
considerably larger than the male, oval and strongly convex, furnished
with elytra but without wings, with stronger legs, and short tarsi, not
more than one-third the length of the tibia. The prolongation of the
head is short and broad, not emarginate nor bifurcate, the frontal horn 1s
short, the thorax closely punctured, and not indented; the antennz are
much smaller with smaller, rounded club. Before proceeding to a de-
scription of the four species known to him (P. fimbriaia 3, Behrensti J
©, hirticolts § Q, and ELdwardsii §) Leconte mentions having re-
ceived a larva from Mr. Behrens, found deep in the earth, and described
and figured by Osten-Sacken in an appendix to this paper (Description of
the larva of Pleocoma, Lec., by Baron R. Osten-Sacken). Of this larva
Leeonte says that it justifies the erection of a special group for this genus
and that its characters fully confirm the opinion already expressed regard-
ing the relations of the genus.

At all events from these five publications of Leconte it sufficiently
appears that the systematic position of the genus caused him in the earlier
years a considerable amount of thought. Only after he had during five
years undergone considerable changes of opinion did he arrive at a defi-
nite, and afterward repeatedly confirmed conclusion. The, at first, ‘‘ap-
parently Dynasti-form” genus changed to him next to a middle thing
between the Dynastini and Geotrypini, then to the representative of a special
group to be placed between the Coprint and Geo/rypind, and still later the
Dynastini and Coprini are dropped altogether, and the special group P/eo-
comini figures among the Scarabeide laparostich between the Geotrypint
and Zrogini.

To the latter conclusion, which seems to have become fixed with Le-
conte, it is obvious that only the following train of thought can have led
him :—The Geo/rypini are the only known Lamellicornes possessing eleven
jointed antennze; therefore this genus Pé/eocoma which also possesses

* The same position is retained in the 2nd Ed. of the ‘‘Classification” 1883.—J.B.5.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 32 FEBRUARY 1888.

oo f

eleven-jointed antenne, is, despite the difference in the form of these an-
tennz most closely allied to them. Now as the Geofrypini are laparosticti
Lamellicornes I consider myself justified in placing this genus which also
has but eleven antennal joints in this division. That this placing was
due only to reasoning by analogy, extraordinary as it may seem, is forced
upon one by the fact that he nowhere speaks of having examined the ab-
domen for the position of the stigmata, and positively mentions that the
specimen first described by him had had the abdomen destroyed.

But what, actually, is the structure of thisabdomen ? Undoubtedly,
in view of the many characters contradicting the relationship with the
Geoirypini, an answer to this question was of primary importance, because,
pro- or con, decisive. I, therefore, with the growing conviction that P/eo-
coma had nothing in common with the Geofrypini, but despite the eleven-
jointed antennze, could belong only to the A/elolonthini, did not hesitate
a moment about obtaining certainty by an examination of the carefully
removed abdomen of one of my specimens. This examination proved
positively, what I fully expected, that the large spiracles of the second and
third, and the smaller ones belonging to the fourth and fifth abdominal
segments, had, in Pocoma, precisely the same stluation as in Melolontha,
i, e. on the superior portion of the ventral segments, and not on the
membrane connecting the corneous dorsal and ventral plates as in Geo-
trypes and Copris.

From this it appears at once that P/eocoma does not belong to the °
Scarabaeidae laparostet at all, and that the relationship assumed by Leconte
to exist between this genus and the Geoéryfini and Coprii as at first stated,
or the Geofrypint and Trogini, as finally stated, was entirely without base.
Certainly he would have been much nearer right in the conviction at first
forced upon him, of its relation to the Dynastmi as, agreeing with them,
this insect is at least a pikurostict. But that, even disregarding the entirely
different situation of the spiracles, P/eocoma shows no real relationship to
the Geofrypint but only a certain habitual agreement with some of them,
and an agreement in unimportant details with others is fully demonstrated
by an examination of all really important characters.

As to the habitus of Pleocoma, it is not to be denied that it reminds
one of the females Cera/ophyus, Fish’; but of all the Geotrypid forms it
reminds one of that only. As Leconte himself says a closer comparison
is at once opposed by the entirely different sculpture of the elytra, and
in this respect the resemblance to Syrzchthus would be vastly more ob-
vious. further, as regards the agreement of the prosternum with that
of A/hyreus prominently mentioned by Leconte, I am utterly unable to
discover any such ; in Avhyreus it forms an inflated trigonate or heart
shaped plate, and at this point in Pleocoma there is only a small,

—207—

depressed margin before the coxa, With much more justice than to the
prosternum, Leconte might have referred to the very obvious similarity
which exists between Ad¢yreus and particularly Badbocerus on the one
side, and Plee_oma on the other, in the large size, great convexity,
smoothness, and brightness of the eyes, though this is as little decisive,
systematically, as the similarity mentioned by Leconte between the two
genera in the form of the anterior tibia and middle tarsi, for this can be
equalled in a still more striking manner in another group of the Lamel-
licorns (Jlelclonthide).

Under no circumstances can these analogies, so far as they really
exist, weigh against the fundamental differences, which two of the most
important structures—the antennz and mouth parts—show at a glance
to exist between the Geoérypit and Pkocoma, and with perfect right did
Leconte insist that on these characters it was impossible to unite Pleo-
coma with that Coprophagus group. ‘The antenne have nothing in
common except the number of joints, eleven. With all the variations in
form of club offered by the Geotrypid genera, it is yet constantly three-
jointed, and always sharply limited from the funicle or stem, while in
Pleocoma it varies from four to seven joints in the species and runs grad-
ually into the funicle or stem—a peculiarity which, omitting the Lecanint
and Passaini, is found only in the AZeéolonthide among the Scarabeids.
In like way the mouth parts are diametrically opposed in structure: in
the Geofry piu a large, transverse, horizontal labrum, broad, free, prom-
inent mandibles, well developed, in comparison with the palpi large
maxilla, the inner lobe appearing furcate owing to a deep incision, and
finally a large, also transversely developed mentum (compare Klug, Ueber
die Gattungen Athyreus und Balboceras, Taf. II, Fig. I bis 1Va, b); in
Pleocoma on the contrary a very small, rather long, deflexed labrum, en-
tirely rudimentary, concealed mandibles, smail maxillze, reaching scarcely
to the end of the first palpal joint, the inner not split, and a very small,
oblong mentum.

When therefore the genus Péoccma neither in the position of the stig-
mata, nor in any other important structural character agrees with the
Geoirvpint, but is to be ranged with the Scarabeeidz pleurosticti; the
next question would be, whether it is, in this group, entitled to take
rank as a distinct tribe (Pleocomini). This question also is to be
answered by a decided negative, because those very characters used by
Leconte to separate the genus from the Geo/rypini are identical with cha-
racteristic peculiarities of some of the A/elolonthide. By the structure of
the antennae alone Péeocoma is at once excluded from every other group
of pleurosticti Lamellicornes (Dynastint, Melitophila and Rutelin’) because
in all those the club is distinctly three-jointed, and sharply defined against

eo

the stem or funicle. Even those undeniable habitual analogies which the
genus has with the Dynastni in color, sculpture of elytra, prolongation
of front, horned head, indented thorax, &c., cannot obtain against this
decisive character ; though it was these very points, which are not usual
in the Je/olonthide, which prevented the recognition of the genus as a
member of that group and led to its association with entirely heterogenous
forms,

In fact Pleocoma dves not only not lack any of the characteristics of
a Melolonthid antennz, but even possesses all the peculiarities in the most
prominent form. To be sure, against this, the number of joints, eleven,
might be urged, as all hitherto known genera possess only 8-, 9-, or 10-
jointed antennz. But in view of the already known variability in number
of antennal joints the further increase by one could be the less surprising,
as eleven is evidently the original and normal number, and the decrease
to 10, g and 8 can be considered only an departure from the normal
structure, although it is one which among the Lamellicorns is wide-
spread. At all events the P/eoscoma antennze show —if we ignore one of
the short joints of the funicle which at any rate vary in number—entirely
the structure of a AZelolontha, Rhopeea, Macrophyila, or Llaphocera anten-
nz: not only in the comparative difference in size of club, between j'
and ©, but also in the more intimate connection between the funicle
and club, by a gradual enlargement and unilateral broadening. Further,
in this, that the joints modified into the lamellate club vary—/hopeea to
seven, five and three, A/acrophylla five and three, P/eocoma seven and
four---in different species of the same genus; and that as in J/elolontha,
Anoxia, Rhopea, Rhizotragus, Lachnodera et al, the lamellate joints are
clothed at the edges—the first and last also at its free surface—with stiff
bristles. All these are peculiarities, which, partly by themselves, partly
in their combination, are characteristic of the Melolonthid antenna.

Now as the situation of the stigmata in combination with the proved
antennal structure, places P/eocoma primarily among the J/elolonthide,
so do other of its characters, as the structure of the mouth, the attenuated
tarsi, the dense woolly clothing of the breast, and the free, not connate,
ventral segments, point with entire certainty to the particular systematic
position which is to be occupied by this genus. By all these characters
Pleocoma is referred to the group denominated Lep/opodide by Burmeister,
and more particularly to that part of it named Pachypodide by Erichson.
The more comprehensive Leplopodide which equal the Zanyproctint and
Pachypodide of Erichson are characterized by Burmeister precisely by the
slender tarsi and free ventral segments, and form in fact an equally natural
as well defined group. Within this group appear two modifications in
structure of mouth parts: on the one hand normaily developed as in

Leontocheta, Macrophylla, Tanyproctus and allies ; on the other all parts
except palpi aborted as in the Pachypodide. Such aborted mouth parts
which agree in all essentials with those of the Pachypodide, exist, as I have
satisfied myself by examination, in P/eocoma. ‘Vhey agree indeed with
those of Lvlaphocera and Pachypus so closely that one might feel inclined
to refer the figures of the mouth parts of those two genera given by Erich-
son (Entomographieen, Taf. I, Fig. a-c und g-i) to those of Pleocoma.
Especially is it the small, stumpy, triangular mandibles, and the entirely
rudimentary lobes of the maxillze which P/eaxoma has in common with
Pachypus and Llaphocera, while nowhere else, in the entire family of the
Lamellicornes, rich as it is in forms do we find its equal. But also by
an entire series of other agreements or at least similarities do we find the
close relationship of Preocoma with Pachypus and Elaphocera entirely con-
firmed. With Pachypgus, Pleocoma has in common the concave depression
of the anterior part of prothorax, and the untoothed, simple, pointed
claws of tarsi; with ZVaphocera the relative size, the great convexity and
polish of the eyes, and the close fringing of side margin and felt like
fringing of hind margin of pronotum. Despite the simple tarsal claws,
and the indented prothorax, Pécocoma is much nearer to Llaphocera ; for
it has in common the short, transversely developed, equally outlined pro-
notum, the not dilated tubia, not shortened and broadened femora, the
elytra not narrowing posteriorly, and the brilliant polish of the upper
side—all this in the male. But particularly in the female, which offer
precisely the same dissimilarities from the males—the greater convexity,
complete elytra, but lacking wings, thicker legs with shortened tarsi,
shortened antennal club, yet having the same number of joints &c., are
Pleocoma and Elaphocera closely allied.

The acquaintance with the female in itself, ought, in my view, to
have demonstrated to Leconte the Melolonthid nature of the genus.

That, with all its agreements with the two above mentioned Pachy-
podid genera, P/eocoma yet has several peculiarities foreign to the others
in their entirety, cannot be denied. Yet even in this, it is not singular
in the Pachypodide but simply enlarges the circle of aberrant unique
forms: as indeed Pachypus and Evaphocera themselves are, in both sexes,
as different as can be in habitus. As particular generic peculiarities of
Pleocoma, beside the eleven-jointed antennz with the club varying in
number of joints in the species, might be viewed, on the one hand the
well developed horn of the head, especially in the male; on the other
hand the strikingly dense and long woolly clothing of the breast, which
reminds one of Leontocheta, Lachnodera, Anoxia et al; and lastly also
various peculiarities in the form and clothing of: legs. Primarily in the
tarsi, there is, while equally slender, an essential difference from Pachypus

Se eS

in the proportion of the joints. While in the latter genus the fifih joint
is but little longer than each of three preceeding joints, and is somewhat
shorter than the first, it attains in P/eccoma double the length of the

fourth. The tarsal joints are here also not only furnished at tip with stiff

bristles but are also furnished throughout with bunches of much longer
and finer hair.

After having in the preceeding disproved all the grounds brought
forward by Leconte to justify his placing Péeocoma witb the Geotrypini,
by proving its Melolonthid character—in the imago state—, it remains
to examine the remark of the author that the larva described by Baron
von Osten-Sacken ‘‘fully confirms” the placing of the genus between the
Geotrypint and Zrogint. That the ‘‘ Pleocoma-larva” made known by
Osten-Sacken belongs to the Scarabzeidz laparosticti, admits indeed of no
doubt, for it possesses the divided maxillary lobes, insisted on by both
Erichson (Naturgesch. d. Insect. Deutschl., p. 716) and Schiodte, (Na-
turh. Tidskrift 3 Raek., IX, p. 253) as characteristic of this division. But
on this proof of a laparostict Lamellicorn larva, are in fact all of Von
Osten-Sacken’s statements in reference to its relationship to be confined ;
what goes beyond, the imagined near relationship to the larvae of the
Geotrypini and Trogini may be easily proved erroneous. But must not
the above proved Melolonthid nature of the imago, fail, by the fact that
the larva decidedly contradicts the structure of a pleurostict Scarabeid?
If the latter were really the case, doubtless! But how is it proved
that the larva described by Von Osten-Sacken is really that of Péocouma?
Certainly not through the statement of Leconte, that he received from Mr.
Behrens a larva—undoubtedly Lamellicorn—found deep in the ground,
alone! And nowhere is there furnished any proof of its relation to Péo-
coma, which, as in California the most various Lamellicorn larva must
live in the earth, seems absolutely necessary. The disproportionate length
alone—50 mm., or rather greater than the full grown larva of A/dlolontha
vulgaris—given by Osten-Sacken would seem sufficient to give rise to the
gravest doubts as to its relationship to Pleocoma. ‘Tlie doubts must nec-
essarily lead to a direct negative to the above question, if it is proveable
that from the description and figures of Osten-Sacken the larva baselessly
referred to Pleocoma cannot belong anywhere but to a group already well
known in its early stages—i. e. the Lucamide. | maintain therefore shortly
and positively that the larva can have no possible connection with
Pleocoma.

That the remarks of Osten-Sacken, added to his description, in refer-
ence to the relation of this larva to those of other known Lamellicorns,
are particularly inclined to invite confidence, can hardly be maintained.
To compare a 50 mm. long larva with Geo/rypint and Trogini is strange

—— 2

to begin with; but to place it as even closely related to the Geofrypmmt
proves entire ignorance of the larva of the latter. To be sure Osten-Sacken
refers only to a table by Chapuis and Candéze in their Catalogue des
larves des Coléoptéres, p. 115, in which the characters of the laparostict
Lamellicorn larva are analyzed. Strangely enough, this table contains
the entirely false statement that the segments of the Geotrypid larvee are
furnished with transverse foldings, which is not the case ; while in the
same table the Lucanid larva which have these folds or wrinkles, are de-
clared to be without them. As little as Frish, Mulsant and Erichson
mention such wrinkles or folds, so little does Schiodte (Band IX, Taf.
XV1) in the unsurpassed figures given by him. So in this direction it is
impossible to speak of any relation between the smooth ringed Geotrypid
larva, and the wrinkled, so called Pleocoma larva. The Trogid larvae—
which are still further removed by their size from this ‘* Pleocoma larva”
—seem, according to Chapuis and Candeéze figures to have such wrinkles,
but they seem to extend the full length of the larva, while in Osten-
Sacken’s figure they do not exist on the two enlarged end segments (in
Trox these segments are narrow and tapering). In addition it appears
however that this newly discovered larva does not agree with that of Zrox,
either in the structure of the mouth parts, nor yet in that of the antenne:
especially the latter, which by their greatly elongated basal joint prove
typically different. In view of these mistaken remarks of Osten-Sacken
as to the relationship with the Geo/ripint and Zrogint, it seems doubly
strange that in his search after the nearest allies of the supposed Ph ocoma
larva, he failed to hit on just that group of laparostict Lamellicorns which
their size and structure most indicated—i. e. the Zawcanide. And that
it belongs to a member of this family, an examination of the mouth parts
and antennze leaves hardly doubtful. Only in the Lucanid larva, among
all the laparostict or even pleurostict Lamellicornes heretofore known, do
we find the characteristic slender three-jointed antenna, on which the first
joint is especially noticeable from its great length, which is so well shown
in the figure of the so called Péooma larva. That this, in my opinion,
only possible view, can be in any way contradicted by the statement that
this larva was found deep underground—while as is well known Lucanid
larva live in decaying wood—lI cannot admit, in view of the fact that no
detais in reference to the finding of the larva are given.

Note by Translator. This paper from the Stettiner Ent. Zeitschrift for 1883,

pp. 4.6 -450 has not attracted the attention it deserved from American students. Dr.
Hon rged its publication long since, although he disagrees with the views of Dr.
Gr occker. In the Classification and in Henshaw’s recent list the genus still retains
ito | place. Mr. Ricksecker’s notices of one of the species have added something
to knowledge of its history and others of our Pacific Cast friends should be able
to ete the work by finding the real larva of some of the species of the genus.

J. B. Smiru.

a

Pleocoma Fimbriata, /ec.
By LE: RicKkspcker.
Santa Rosa, Cal.

A year ago I gave to the readers of ‘‘Ent. Amer.” some notes re-
garding the habits of this interesting species, and hoped to be able to ob-
serve them more fully this year, but owing to my absence from home, I
was prevented from doing so. However, as I had some boys watching
the field, the recurrence of the brood, in great numbers, was observed by
them, and under circumstances exactly similar to those recorded last
year. Our October rain,—which generally falls during the first half of
that month, and is of sufficient volume to soak the soil six inches or
more in depth, and thus set at liberty the P/eocoma imprisoned by the
hard baked crust during the Summer months,—failed altogether this
year. We had a slight shower in September but not enough to penetrate
to the required depth, although I heard of Péeocoma being seen, after this
rain, further up the coast, showing that where sufficient rain fell the bee-
tles were ready to emerge. Our first rain fell November 5th, and the boys
report finding a few P/eocoma, but there was not enough rain to soak
the earth thoroughly and consequently the beetles were scarce. On Nov.
28th there came a storm lasting about a week and immediately the whole
brood emerged, the air being full of the black, flying males. Of the

apterous females, large and brown in color, five fine specimens were secured.

es
Southern Form of E. scribonia, S/ol/.
By ANNIE TRUMBALL SLOSSON.
Ecpantheria denudata, n. var.

I feel assured from further examination of the form of scribonia
referred to in previous note (Ent. Am., Jan., 88), and by the opinion of
other Entomologists, that, it deserves to be made a variety.

I venture, therefore, to give it provisionally the above name. In
Smith’s Abbott, Vol. II, p. 137, I find a description and figure of typical
form under the name Phalena oculatissima. An additional note says :
“There is a smaller Phalzena in North America, nearly allied to this in
the marking of its upper wings ; but all the wings in that are naked and
pellucid towards their tips, and the back almost entirely yellow. Fabricius
seems by the English Museums to have confounded these two species.”
In my specimens there is no more yellow on abdomen than in the
ordinary form. In fact, I see no deviation from type, except in the in-
variably pellucid and denuded tips of both anterior and posterior wings.
I know nothing as yet of the larva, but shall endeavor to investigate the
subject more thoroughly this coming Spring.

New Species of Geometride. (No. 4.)
By: Gro: 1. Hurst.

Heterolocha? Snoviaria, sp. nov.

Expands 28 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen ocher, the abdomen slightly
lighter than the other parts. Antennze smoky ocher. Fore wings deep ocher, loosely
and somewhat irregularly dusted with dark brown specks. A dark fuscous, almost
black line, rather irregularly scalloped, beginning on costa just within apex and
reaching the inner margin two-thirds out from base ; the points of the scallops are
turned outward, and each one has in its sinus a white space forming thus a broken
white line. The dark scalloped line is distinct on outer edge, indistinct on inner,
and fades gradually into the ground color, Discal point fine, black. Fringe whitish,
with indistinct smoky spaces between the veins. Hind wings white, with a faint
ocher tinge, immaculate. Beneath much as above, but with surface smoother, more
indistinct, the outer space on fore wings lighter, the inner more fuscous.

i of, N. Mex: The insect was received by me from Prof. F. Hi
Snow of the University of Kansas in whose honor I give it its specific
name. He stated that it was not a unique, but I am not aware how
many other specimens he may have.

Eois parvularia, sp. nov.

Expands 12 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen dull fuscous brown. Wings clay
white overlaid with fuscous. A faint basal cross line, a more decided cross line on
the outer space, beginning three-fourths out upon the costa and reaching the inner
margin two thirds out. This line is slightly bent, strongly wavy. ‘This is followed
by a band of even width of a color somewhat darker than the general color of the
wing. Discal points faint. Hind wings small with the lines and bands of the fore
wings continued. Beneath as above, with the outer band a little more marked.

Lg. 202 G.. Texas.

Eois ? scintillularia.

Expands 10mm. Head dusky ferruginous. Thorax and abdomen dark smoky
ocher, the abdomen with indistinct darker annulations. Fore wings brownish,
overlaid with dove color to just beyond black diseal point where the color terminates
in a faint ferruginous line running parallel with outer margin; another faint sub-
marginal line of the same color. Space beyond the first line yellowish, somewhat
clouded. Hind wings reddish brown at base, slightly washed with dove color,
reaching to discal spot, which is dark indistinct ; the rest of the wing yellowish with
a curved bright narrow line just beyond discal point, and a broad line or narrow
band of the same color in submarginal space parallel with outer margin. Beneath
the same general markings repeated in fuscous and light ocher.

1 3’, Fla. Presented to me by Mr. Wm, Beutenmiiller. This in-
sect is probably the smallest of all our Geometers, — It is decidedly pretty
and peculiar. I place it provisionally in Zovs, although it is generically
distinct from anything I know.

EN TOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 33 FEBRUARY 1888.

—214—

Cleora punctomatularia, sp. nov. *

Expands 40mm, All the parts of an even smoky blue gray or dove color.
Fore wings with a hardly determinate inner line with its position however marked
by the black short streak on each vein. Discal spot black subquadrate, somewhat
diffuse ; an outer row of black points on veins nearly parallel with outer margin. A
marginal line of black points. Hind wings with an outer curved row of black points,
a broken black marginal line. Beneath gray with a 1usset shading on fore wings
anteriorly.

2's, 2 QQ, Cal., Vancouver Is. This species was, I think,
known to Dr. Packard, but was probably regarded as a varietal form of
C. nigrovenaria. | have no doubt however of its specific distinctness as
the direction, as well as the location of the indicated lines do not at all
agree with those of C. migrovenaria, Pack.

Cleora atrifasciata, sp. var.

Expands 43 mm. Palpi blackish ; front light ochreous ; collar fuscous ; thorax

;
smoky ocher ; abdomen ocher, somewhat fuscous, with fuscous dash on dorsum on
each segment, Wings light ocher, edged brokenly with dark brown along costa. At
the middle a broad black band reaching across wing ;
somewhat bent inwardly ; outer edge waved, strongly bent outwardly at middle ; a
fuscous spot along costa near apex ; a broken black marginal line. Hind wings with
less of an ocher shading than front wings ; an intramedian cross line, blackish, ob-
solete anteriorly, bent at middle outwardly, the whole wing dusted more or less with
fuscous, especially within the median line. A marginal line of black poiats. Discal
point faint. Beneath light ocher, discai point prominent. Black band of tore wings

indistinct clouded fuscous.

inner edge irregularly waved,

1 9, Cal. Lam quite of the opinion that this may be an aberration
of some known species, probably of C. unbrosaria, Pack., or C. venaria,
Grt.

Boarmia furfuraria, sp. nov.

Expands 42 mm. Head and thorax gray. Abdomen fuscous. Wings all light
gray overlaid with striations and washings of fuscous, the washings shaping them-
selves into an indistinct outer scalloped band ; faint indications of a bent median
band shown by undecided blackish points. Discal spots black, distinct on hind
wings, a marginal line of black points on all wings. Beneath very white gray, al-
most white, the forewings somewhat washed with fuscous.

30; Col.

Boarmia atrolinearia, sp. nov.

Expands 35 to 38 mm. Palpi black, third segment white ; front white. Anten-
nx black above, gray beneath ; thorax gray with black edge in front; collar light
gray ; abdomen black and gray, banded on anterior segments, gray with black spots
on dorsum on posterior segments. Wings light to dark gray. Basal line rounded,
geminate. Middle field lighter than other parts, median line faint, running through
discal spot, which is oval ; outer line distinct, black, wavy dentate, not much bent
or angulated ; outer field with reddish shade. Hind wings with faint almost obsolete
median line. Outer line scalloped, some angulated at middle, outer field with faint

waves of white ans gray. Beneath dirty gray ; a median line on all wings of distinct
black points. Discal spot on fore wings black, rather large.

Io, 1 9, Ky. Nearest to B. pampinaria.
Boarmia fuliginaria, sp. nov.

Expands 35 mm. The whole insect above and below is of a dark smoky brown
color. On all wings the black discal spots show faintly, and on the fore wing, just
beyond disk, are three lengthened black spots faintly showing at base of veins 2, 3,
and 4. Hind wings with faint indeterminate black points near center of wing,
Beneath unicolorous, a little less dull smoky than above,

1%, Ill. This may possibly be a case of melanism, but if so I am
unable to tell to which one of our common species this referred peculiar
form should be,

Boarmia Fernaldaria, sp. nov,

Expands 40 mm. Ground color uniformly a light gray formed of a white base,
overlaid with tuscous scales. Body brown, or gray and dark gray ringed. Base of
wing, brown, with an olivaceous tint, lines as in B, crepuscularia. Beyond third
line is a broad band of even width across the wing, brown or olivaceous in color.
Beneath, almost white, the brown band faintly showing through.

2 d'\0', 1 G, Me. Named in honor of Mrs, C. H. Fernald of
Amherst, Mass., to whom I owe my first specimen of this insect, and to
whom I am grateful for other favors. The insect in its lines approaches
very near to &. crepuscudarza, but the band is very distinctive, It may
possibly be an aberration or variety of that species,

Boarmia floridaria, sp. nov.

Expands 17 mm. Head, thorax, wings and abdomen, smoky blue-gray, Three
fine black lines cross the fore wings, all of them being bent and wavy. The basal is
strongly bent out near costa and inward near inner margin ; the second, which in-
cludes the discal spet, has a sharp bend at middle; the outer has two sharp bends
outwardly near middle. These lines are nearly equidistant from each other and sub-
parallel. Hinds wings with the two outer lines continued both bent, wavy, dentate.
Beneath, even smoky gray,

Be, & @yeiles
Boarmia Wrightiaria, sp. nov.

Expands 28 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen, light clear gray. Wings- un-
evenly gray ; lines of fore wings very oblique, the outer with a large bend inwardly
near inner margin ; both discal and outer lines geminate ; basal line wanting ; discal
spot black ; a submarginal blackish line edged outwardly with whitish. Hind wings
with faint parallel median and submarginal shagings ; discal spots black. Fore wings
with inner angle rounded and outer margin very oblique. Hind wings very much
rounded with a notch at end of vein §. Antenne lofiger than usual, heavily pecti-
nated almost to end. Beneath even dark fuscous with black discal points.

4 Js. Taken at San Bernardino, Calif. Named in honor of Mr,
W. G. Wright who has helped very much to give a knowledge of the in-
sects of S, California and to whom I am under obligation for many favors.
The insect looks much like a Lepzodes.

— a

Boarmia ? plumogeraria, sp. nov.

Expands 44 mm. Palpi very short, these with head and thorax dark gray. An-
tenne half the length of the fore wing, very lengthily and evenly pectinated to the
end. Fore wings dark gray ; a dark basal and median line both broad and rounded
inwardly, and both very faint ; outer line more distinct, narrow, wavy, straight,
nearly parallel with outer margin, passing just beyond black discal spot; a sub-
marginal line broad, quite faint ; marginal line black. Hind wings slightly lighter
than the fore wings, a broad median line passing through black discal spot, and a
broad submarginal line. Beneath, nearly as above, but less determinate.

1 o\, Cal. Isaw specimens also in the collection of Mr. W. G.
Wright of San Bernardino, Cal. The insect is not a typical Aoarmia,
and is easily known by its plumose antenne in which it surpasses any
other American Geometer.

Tephrosia Texanaria, sp. nov.

Expands 24 mm. Head parts dark fuscous to gray. Thorax, abdomen and
wings olivaceous gray. Fore wings with three lines, the basal even rounded, the
medium fainter discal, the outer clear distinct, fine, waved and curved just beyond
disk ; three black spots on costa at end of veins ; the outer line is edged outwardly ,
with light gray, and this is followed by a reddish band ; asubmarginal waved whitish
line and a row of black marginal points. Hind wings correspond with the fore wings,
the lines and colors continuing, except that the basal line is wanting. Beneath, in
markings much as above, but smoother, less distinct, and without any reddish.

Soo, 0 OO; Texas.

Tephrosia fautaria, sp. nov.

Expands 30 to 32 mm. Head and thorax reddish ochreous ; abdomen ocher,
fore wings light ocher to reddish ocher, loosely striated with blackish. Hind wings
lighter. All wings with an outer line of black points parallel with outer margin, one
point on each vein ; discal spots black ; a marginal row of black points on all wings.
Beneath as above or with black points obsolete.

AN 2 ee pe Calif.
Tephrosia celataria, sp. nov.

Expands 32 mm. Palpi ochreous fuscous. Head, antennze and thorax, fuscous
gray. Abdomen ocher, somewhat fuscous on anterior segments. Fore wings gray,
finely powdered and striated with black ; discal point small, black ; marginal line of
black pomts. Hind wings light gray, finely but not heavily peppered and _ striated
with black ; discal spot black, small; marginal line of black points. Beneath, even
smoky gray, somewhat darker along costa.

2 ¢'\d\, Havilah, Calif,
Tephrosia carnearia, sp. nov.

Expands 26 to30 mm. Head and thorax reddish ocher ; abdomen the same or
ocher. Fore wings rounded, broad, reddish ocher to maroon reddish, most decided
on the middle and outer fields ; an indistinct fuscous band, extra basally, another
extra discally ; an apical submarginal fuscous clouding; discal spots black,
small. Hind wings ocher with some fine blackish striations, especially out-
wardly ; outer and anal marginal spaces reddish ; a row of black spots on margin.

—217—

Beneath, ocher, somewhat dusted with black, costal margin reddish ; discal spots
black, small. © larger, with more of a violet shading, and this not so distinct.

Bcd. 2. ©,2Calr

Tephrosia Nevadaria, sp. nov.

Expands 30 mm. Head and thorax bright ochreous ; abdomen ochreous fuscous.
Antenne much more finely pectinated than is usual.- Fore wings even ochreous
fuscous to outer line ; inner lines wanting, outer line broad, band-like, even, parallel
with outer margin ; beyond this line an ochreous space, then to margin fuscous ;
discal spot black, distinct. Hind wings light gray, finely striated with ocher fuscous ;
discal spot distinct ; a marginal row of black points on all wings. Beneath as above
with all wings lighter, except along costal and outer margins of fore wings.

I oS, Sierra Nevada Mountains, Calif,

Hemerophila Packardaria, sp. nov.

Expands 31 mm. All the parts generally of a dark fuscous color, formed by a
light fuscous ground, generally but sqgammosely covered with black atoms. Discal
point of fore winys white, annulated with black ; lines two, both very oblique, the
inner median, faint, the outer extra discal, distinct, rounded out at middle, reaching
costa just within apex, and inner margin at middle, edged outwardly with a light
di: e ; a faint submarginal light line ; marginal line of black points ; fringe interlined.
Hind wings unevenly scalloped on outer edge, with discal point black or inclosing
white point ; a black median line, distinct, subparallel with outer margin slightly
angulated and edged outwardly with white. . A light, rather faint submarginal line ;
margin black ; fringes interlined. Beneath, nearly even dark fuscous ; discal points
whitish annulated.

4 3\, Calif. Named in honor of Dr. A. S. Packard, who, more
than any other, has advanced our knowledge of the Geometridae of N. A.,

and to whom I make grateful acknowledgment of assistance.

Semuothisa cesiaria, sp. nov.

Expands 22 mm. Uniformly even squammose gray. Fore wings with three
lines ; the basal and median heavy, black, diffuse, approximate, parallel ; the median
includes the discal point, which is white annulate with black ; the third line is fine,
faint, sometimes obsolete, with a large sinus on anterior half. Three black spots on
costa at ends of lines. Hind wings with first two wings continued, but fainter or
subobsolete. Beneath, nearly even loose gray.

2d, 2 OQ, Eastern U. S._ I have often had this insect
sent me, and have with much suspicion looked upon it as a form of S.
ocellinata, Guen. The shape of the wings is however different, as well as
the position and direction of lines. It is also a stouter though a smaller
insect. I have often found it at rest on the trunks of Willows, and. have
little doubt, that tree is the food plant of the larva.

Aspilates unicoloraria, var. nov.

I give this name to a variation of A. desperaria, which seems to be
quite prevalent in Colorado. The insect is of the same general color as
desperaria, but the lines are obsolete, and the whole surface of the wings
is Of a loose striated fuscous color laid upon light gray.

—9f5—=

The American Species of Callimorpha.
By Gro. D. Hutsr.

We have received from its author a very interesting and valuable
paper, published in the Proceedings of the United States Nat'l Museum,
entitled ‘‘The North American Species of Callimorpha, by J. B. Smith.”

At about the time this was published, a paper appeared in the Can,
Entomologist, Vol. XIX, No. 1o, entitled ‘* The North American Calli-
morphas, by H. H, Lyman, M. A.”, and in the same periodical, Vol.
XIX, No. 12, Mr. Smith has made a statement based upon the article
of Mr. Lyman,

Both authors have given much study to the subject and the examin-
ation of Mr. Smith into the bibliography and structure of the species
seems to be exhaustive. Both had abundant material at hand, and from
different sections of the country. Mr. Lyman had the additional ad-
vantage of an examination of the British Museum collection. We might
expect much to interest and instruct and we are not disappointed.

The conclusions of these two gentlemen very nearly agree, but they
differ very widely from the ideas which have prevailed in the past, and
which are probably now held by the majority of Entomologists.

Mr. Grote in his Catalogue, 1882, gives the current opinion in
grouping all our forms of Ca/iimorpha under 3 species. Mr, Smith makes
g species, Mr. Lyman 8!

The Doctors indeed do not agree with each other in conclusion,
but they agree that all the rest of us have been very far away from the
truth. ‘Their disagreement is on the right of Veséahs, Pack., to be called
a good species. An examination of Dr. Packard’s type will probably
bring agreement on this point between them. ‘The species as Mr. Smith
finally tabulates them, are: 1, Clymene, Brown, (interrupto-marginata,
Beau.) ; 2, Colona, Hb., (Clymene, Esp., preoccupied) ; 3, /acfafa, Smith ;
4, Leconte, Bd.; var. militarts, Harr.; 5, contigua, Walk.; 6, suffusa,
Smith ; 7, confusa, Lyman ; 8, /ulvicos/a, Clem.; 9, vesfalis, Pack.

We are glad the octosyllabic wéerrupto-margina/a is to drop from
our lists and labels, The conclusions of these gentlemen both of ability,
and practically verifying each other we receive, but with a sort of Gallileo
consciousness we shake our heads, and say, ‘‘there are not so many
species after all.”

—_—_—__—> --¢___——

We call attention to the fact that our correspondent C. H. T. Town-
SEND has followed in the footsteps of many other good Entomologists,
and has gone to Washington, D. C. His address is no longer Constantine,
Mich., but War Dep’t, Adj. Gen. Office, Washington, D. C.

aor el ra .

Deilephila lineata, Fuad.

A note was made in an article entitled ‘‘A Summer Trip to Southern
California” concerning the fact that the Mohave Indians feed on the raw
larvee of Dedlephila lineata. Mr. W. G. Wright, from whom we received
our information, has since sent us an article written by him, and published
in the ‘‘Overland Monthly Magazine” Sept. 1884. In that article are
some remarks bearing on the subjeet, so interesting, that we print them.
He calls attention in the letter that we misrepresented him in saying the
larvae were eaten raw; and we cheerfully admit the mistake of our
memory and insert the correction. What he saw is given in the story of
a trip in the desert. ‘‘In an hour we come to the caterpillar pasture.
The sand is dotted with mats and patches of procumbent plants, much
resembling in flower the common garden verbena, Adéronza umbellata,
A. viscosa, on which vast armies of caterpillars—the larvee of D. Aneata—
are feeding ; they are huge worms three and four inches long. Another
smaller army of Indians—bucks, squaws, and papooses—are out gather-
ing them as though they were huckleberries, for use as food. The Indians
do not notice us, but go on with their gathering. Seizing a fat worm, they
pull off its head, and by a dexterous jerk the viscera are ejected, and the
wriggling carcass is put into a small basket or bag, or strung upon
strings and hung upon the arm or about the neck, till occasion is found
to put them into a large receptacle. I got three of these gathering
baskets. One is funnel-shaped, holding a quart or two ; another is like
a large, flat saucer, and the third is similar, but with a deep rim. At
night these Indians carry their prey home, where they have a great feast.
Indians from a long distance come to these worm feasts, and it is a time
of great rejoicing among them. I asked one of the young man if these
worms made good food ; he replied, ‘ Yes, very good indeed, in s/ezw.”
Of another old fellow we asked where these worms all came from, and he
replied: “From the good God.” The larva that are not consumed at
the time (and they eat incredible quantities), are put upon ground pre-
viously heated by a fire, and thoroughly dried, when they are packed
away whole, or pulverized into a meal.” Ge DiaH

0
Notes on the Larve of Arctia Brucei, Hy. Edwards.
By Davin Brucer, Brockport, N. Y.

I first met with this moth above timber in the Snowy Range, Park
Co., Colorado, July 7th (87)—altitude 12,500 ft. It was sitting on a
rock and was a fine female. In the course of the day she laid eggs. A
few days after this I caught a perfect male as it was flying briskly in the
sunshine. This was at least 13,000 ft. elevation. Arciia Quenselhii was not

-——220——

uncommon at the same time and place, also flying by day. From the eggs
mentioned, I bred 6 perfect imagos. A pair of these also mated and gave
me a small brood of eggs. The larvae from these are now hybernating
about one-third grown. The eggs were waxen yellow and rather large for
such an insect. ‘They hatched in 10 days. The larvae were black at first,
but became more hoary at each moult. When full grown they appear to
have a broad dorsal line of light gray hairs, then a black line along the
sides, and a gray line along the spiracles—in reality, they are covered
with tufts of bustly hairs like the rest of the genus; these hairs are very
black, but on the upper side of the top row of tufts are a few pure white
hairs in each tuft—and the row on each side thus meeting on the back
of the larva, form the apparently gray dorsal line. The same effect is
repeated with the lower rows of tufts, forming the gray line about the
legs. The head, feet, and the rest of the hairs or spines are black. They
fed on Polygonum and Plantago and were extremely sluggish at all times.
They fed for 27 days and emerged from pupa 14 days after. In the 8
examples I have seen, scarcely any variation either in color or markings

occured,
we 0

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society.—Regular Monthly Meeting held Jan. 3d.
16 members present. The following were elected Officers for the year 1888;

Pres., Ed. L. Graef; Vice Pres., Ottomar Dietz; Zreas., Chris. H. Roberts ;
Rec. Sec., A. C. Weeks; Cor. Sec., G. W. J. Angell; Zzbrarian, Rich. F. Pearsall ;
Curators, M. L. Linell, (Coleoptera), Wm. Beutenmiiller, (Lepidoptera), A. C.
Weeks, (Other Orders) ; 2xecutive Committee, Gustay Beyer, F. H. Chittenden,
Charles Palm, Rich. F. Pearsall, A. C. Weeks; Puddication Committee, the Editors
ex-officio, G. W. J. Angell, Wm. Beutenmiiller, Hy. Edwards, B. Neumoegen.

The retiring President, Mr. G. W. J. Angell, read an address which was ordered
to be printed in Ento. Am,

The Treasurer gave his report for the year, showing receipts $584.75 with dis-
bursements $§74.54. Thereis a large amount yet owing the Society, enough to pay
all obligations and leave a handsome surplus.

The Librarian and Chief Curator also reported, The latter called attention to
the very excellent collection of local Coleoptera in the Cabinet of the Society.

Mr. Graef reported that he had seen Dr. Hoagland and that the Society had
been granted the use of rooms free of rent in the Hoagland Laboratory. The building
would probably be completed so we could move in for our March Meeting.

Mr. Hulst proposed to make the next volume of Ento. Am. of 9 numbers only,
subscribers to be charged $1.50 for that volume; the object in view which he con-
sidered very important was to have the volumes correspond with the year, and after
this short volume the volumes would continue of 12 numbers corresponding to the
months of the year and beginning with January. The proposition was referred to
Publication Committee to report at next meeting.

There was an auction sale of specimens donated by members and $17.85 was

realized,

WTO Gio

AMERIGANA

NO, 12

BROOKLYN, MARCH, 1888.

VOL. Ill.

Catalogue of Species of the Higher Families of the North
American HETEROCERA, described since Grote’s
“New Check List” (1872), with those omitted
from that publication.

By Henry Epwarps.

In my studies of late years among the Bombycide and allied groups
belonging to our fauna, I have very frequently come upon names of
species, given by early authors, to which I could find no reference in any
of our catalogues, or the works accessible to me, and I adopted the plan
of making a card list of these for my personal use. This system enabled
me to clear up many doubts and perplexities, and I have deemed that
the results of my labors might prove acceptable to my entomological
friends. The results I hope soon to publish under the title of ‘‘Popular
Talks about the Higher Heterocera of North America,” but I find it an
absolute necessity before doing so, that a full list of all our species de-
scribed up to this time, should be before me, and I therefore offer the
present catalogue as a contribution in that direction. It may possibly be
objected, that I have introduced into my list names long consigned to
oblivion, but I think it best (as they are but few) that their real meaning
should be made known, and that they should find their proper place in
synonymy. Among them are some of Walker's species, and if the publi-
cation of them in this list will induce Mr. Butler, Mr. Kirby, or Mr.
Grote, to enlighten us upon them, their mention now will not have been
made in vain. I allude more especially to species described and quoted’
by Walker in the ‘‘British Museum Catalogues,” and to those mentioned

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL. III. 34 Marcu 1888.

By

by Boisduval in ‘‘Species General” and ‘‘Lepidoptera de Ja Californie.”
It is possible that not a few of these may exist with a wrong locality at-
tached to the specimens, as shown by Mr. R. H. Stretch (Can. Entom.)
with regard to Lystauxes mediastina, Hiibner, and by Mr. Grote, (Ann.-
Lye. N. York), with reference to one of Boisduval’s species of ZAyris,
and to Sph. Sirobi. If this be so, however, it is well that we should
know it, in order that conflicting opinions regarding such species may be
set at rest. On the other hand, it is probable that a few of the species
mentioned may vet await re-discovery by our entomologists, and that
they are fully entitled to a position in our lists.

I may here state e. g. that Sph. Zycopersicz, Bois., is the Californian
form of Phlegethontius Carolina, L., and that it is a heavier insect, much
lighter in coloration, and in every way entitled to at Jeast a varietal name.
But on this, and such subjects, I desire to speak more fully later on, and
I will not therefore anticipate. Mr. Grote’s admirable ‘‘Check List” has
been of immense service to all lepidopterists, and considering the great
amount of labor involved, it is remarkably complete. But it is to be
regretted, that though Mr. Grote did not desire to cumber his work with
too great an attention to synonymy, he should have omitted some names
of older authors which would have lightened the labors of the student.
It was hardly possible in a list of the character to which we allude, that
some omissions should not occur. These I have endeavored as far as
possible to repair, and I hope that very few species (if any) accredited to
North America, have been passed over by me. The present catalogue
contains 13 genera new to our fauna. It enumerates 247 species and
varieties of which 151 have been published since Grote’s list—47 were
omitted by Mr. Grote, and 49 bear the names of older authors, and are
among the doubts waiting to be cleared away. I desire however to state
that among Mr. Grote’s omissions in the Mgeriade, I am responsible
for 11 species, thus reducing those left out of the ‘‘Check List” to 36—a
very small number indeed, when we take into account the volumes to be
searched and the references to be made. The present catalogue com-
mences with the Sphingide and ends with the Hepralde. I have in some
cases altered the names of the families and subfamilies, using those which
are most popular, but have endeavored to follow closely the sequence of
the genera as given by Mr. Grote, removing the genus Gzophela how-
ever, to what is now conceded to be its proper position, viz: near to the
Arctide. The references have been made with care, and I have in all

cases added the year in which the species is described. As nothing
human is perfect, I shall be greatly indebted to any of my friends if they
will point out errors, and offer suggestions, should an appendix to this
catalogue be called for,

Fam. SPHINGIDZ.

Lepisesia, Gr.
mialume, Szrecker. Lepid. Rhopal. Heteroc., p. 135, pl. 15. 1677
Hemaris, Dalm.
Metathetis, Bu/er. Revis, Sphingidz, p. 519. 1876.
Etolus, Bows. Spec. Gener. Sphingidz, p. 370. 1874.
Pyramus, Bors. i Di 372ne Lore
Grotei, Butler. Ann. Mag. N. History, (= axillaris, Gr.). 1874.
Pseudosphinx, Burmeister,
Tetrio, Z. See Hy. Edwards, Can. Entom., vol. 20, p. 20. 1888.
Philampelus, Harris.
Typhon, A/ug. See Hy. Edwards, Can. Entom., vol. 20, p. 14. 1888.
Smerinthus, Latr.
Populicola, Bos. Spec. Gener. Sphingide, p. 22. 1874.
Imperator, Sirecker. Lepid. Rhop. Heteroc., p. 125, pl. 14. 1877.
Pavoninus, Bors. Spec. Gener. Sphingide, p. 37 (= excecatus). 1874.
Astarte, Sérecker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad., p. 283. 1884.
Ceratomia, Harris.
Ulmi, Zecon/e in lit. See Bozs., Spec. Gener. Sphingide, p. 53. 1874.
Macrosila, Walk.
Collaris, Walker. Cat. B. M. Heterocera, p. 201. 1856.
Protoparce, Burmeister.
Dalica, Azrty. Trans. Entom. Soc. London, p. 243. 1877.
Sphinx, L.
Strobi, Lozs. Lepid. de la Californ., p. 67, 1869.
Lycopersici, Bots. Spec. Gener. Sphingide, p. 71. 1874.
Andromede, ors. oe p. $9, 18745
Insolita, Zzmimer. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 145. 1884.
Separatus, Neumoegen. Papilio, vol. 1, p. g2. 1881.
Saniptri, S/recker. Lepid. Rhop. Heteroc., p. 118, pl. 13. 1876.
Coloradus, /. B. Smith. Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 153. 1887.

Fam. AXGERIIDEA.
Melittia, Hubn.
Flavitibia, Wadker, see Bors. Spec. Gener. Sphingide, p. 479. 1874.
Ceto (var.) Westwood. See Walker, Cat. B. M. Heteroc., p. 66. 1856.
Sciapteron, Staud.

Preecedens, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 155. 1883.

—224-—

Fatua, Hy. Edw. 4
Palmii, Hy. Edwards. Can. Entom., vol. 19, p. 145. 1887.
Saunina (sic) Walker.

Uroceripennis, Bors. Spec. Gener. Sphingidie, p. 465. 1874.

fEgeria, Fabr., Sesia, Fabr., &c.
Asilipennis, Bors. Spec. Gener. Sphingide, p. 391. 1874.
Mellinipennis, Zecon/e in lit., Bois. Spec. Gen. Sphing., p. 402. 1874.
Xiphizeformis, Bors. Spec. Gener. Sphingide, p. 409. 1874.
Bibionipennis, Bors. a Dp. 421. O74
Tipuliformis (var.) Zinn. see Walk. Cat. B. M. Heteroc., p. 30. 1856.
Chrysidipennis, Bors. Lep. Californ., p. 64. 1869.

Nomadepennis, Bors. a p. 63. 1869.

Prestans, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 98. 1882.
Quercis, ae : p. 98. 1882.
Prosopis, o i poo. 1802;
Candescens, a Be Bp Lag: | ese)
Bolteri, ‘. WOle 3°: NS seoeems aes
Aemula, oF os Dts 5. a lose:

Pyrrhotenia, Grote.

Behrensii, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 123. 1882.

Wittfeldii, ad Sf VOU} 331). RR Or roes.
Subeerea, ne a Pp 156. 1983.
Animosa, nm “ Ds et50.) Teos.
Elda, ue Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 49. 1885.

Fam. THYRIDA.
Thyris, Illiger.
Fenestrina, Ochsenheimer, see Bois. Sp. Gen. Sphingid., p. 488. 1874.
Vitrina, Bors. Mongr. Zygenides, p. 19, pl. 1. 1829.
(These two are doubtful N. A. species. See Grote, Ann. Lyc. N. Hist.)
Platythyris, G. & R.
Granulata, Weumoegen Papilio, vol. 3, p. 137. 1883
Floridana, Huds‘. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 182. 1886.
Sagalassa, Walker.
Perspicua, Walker. Cat. B. M. Heterocera, p. 7. 1856.
(This genus is said by Mr. A. G. Butler to belong to the Micro-Lepidoptera.)

Fam. HETEROGYNID.
Thia, Hy. Edwards.
Extranea, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 181. 1887.

—225—

Fam. ZYGAINIDE.

Alypia, Hubn.
Matuta, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 33. 1883.
Wittfeldi, 24. Ldwards. . ** Pasta! Leer
Similis, var. conjuncta, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 34. 1883.
Octomaculata, var. Hudsonica, Hy. dw. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 43. 1884.
iGracilenta, “Grac7, Entom. Amer, voli 3, p. 41. 1887.
Alypiodes, Grote.
Flavilinguis, Grote. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sc., vol. 8, p. 46. 1883.
Pseudalypia, Hy. Edwards.
Crotchii, var. Atrata, Hy. Hazards. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 14. 1884.
Phegarista, Bois. (Fenaria, Gr.)
Sevorsa, Grofe. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 132. 1882.
Dahana, Gr.
Mimpennis, Grofe. Can. Entom., vol. 7, p. 175.
Euchromia, Hubn. = Syntomeida, Harris.
Peses., Walker. Cat. B. Musdum, vol. 1, p. 239. 1856.
Epilais, Walker. See Hy. Edwards in Can. Entom., vol. 20, p. 14. 1888.

Scepsis, Walker.

1

Wrighti, S/resch. Entom, Amer., vol. 1, p. ror. 1885.

Gravis, Ay. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 8. 1886.
Fulvicollis, var. pallens, Hy. Zdw. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 8. 1886.
Ctenucha, Kirby.

Corina, 4os, Lepid. Calif., p. 71 1e6o.
Pygoctenucha, Grote.

Funerea, Grofe. ‘Trans, Kansas Acad. Sc., vol. 8, p. 46. 1883.
Harrisina, Packard.

Australis, S/reth. Entom. Amer., vol. I, p. 102. -1885.

Metallica, Svrefch. a Pa lO2. Los.
Nigrina, Graef. a vol. 35°). 41. 1887.

Triprocris, Grote.

Martenii, F7ench. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 191. 1883.

Lycomorpha, Harris.
Rata, Hy. £dwards. Papilio. vol. 2, p. 124. 1882.
Latercula, Hy. Edwards. ‘< E De a4 tees,
Coccinea, Hy, Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 9. 1886.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL. III. ° 35 Marcu 1888.

——20 =

Cydosia, Westwood.
Nobilitella, Cramer. Pap. Exot., pl. 264.
: Gta, Grote.
Aurea, fick, . 3rd"Report ‘Ins.N., Yep roe. res:

— BOMBYCES. —

‘Fam. NYCTEOLIDZ:, H.-Sch.

Earias, H.-Sch.
Obliquata, Hy. Ldwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. g. 1886.
Sarrothripa, Curtis.
Columbiana, Hy Edwards. -Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc. 1873.
Lintneriana, Speyer. Entom. Zeitschr. Stettin, p. 170. 1874.

Subfamily LITHOSIIDA, H.-Sch.

Nola, Leach.
Anfracta, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 1, p. 12. 1881.
Fiyemalis, S/rezch, Entom. Amer, vols 15 px to2, s1ees,
Manna, Bader. - ‘Ann.uMag. N. Histssp..315, reer,
Hyaloscotes, Butler.
Fumosa, Builer. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., p. 314. 1881.
Hypoprepia, Hubn.
Plumbea, Ay. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 9. 1886,
Cisthene, Walker.

Plumbea, S/reich, Entom:Amer., voli 1, pi, 1o2z:) "1685.

Lactea, Stretch. D.. 1Og:8) eos.
Eulithosia, Hy. Edwards.

Composita, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 44. 1884.

Thoracica, /7y. Edwards. a D: 44.5 1884.

Lithosia, Fab.
Rubropicta, Packard. Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 52. 1887.
Eustixia, Hubn.
Pupula, //uéner. Sammi. Exotisch. Schmetterlinge, 224, pl. 206.
Igninix, Walker. ‘Cat. B.. Museum, pl. 25 p. 52704 ee5ae
Subfervens, Walker. a p: 528, 1854.
(The following species is said by Walker to occur in North America. I believe
it to be unknown to American entomologists. )

Comacla simplex, Walker. Cat. B. Museum, p. 1679.

Subfamily PERICOPIDA.
Gnophela, Walker.
Discreta, Szrefch. Lepid. Wheeler Exp., vol. 5, p. 802. 1875.
Arizone, French. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 20, (= Discreta). 1884.
Melanchroia, Hubn.
Geometroides, Walker. See Hy. Edw., Ent. Am., vol. 2, p. o 1886.

Cephise, Cramer. See Hy, Ldw., a p: 9. 1886.
Inconstans, Walker. See Stretch, Lepid. Wheeler Exp., vol. 5, p. 802.
1875.

Daritis, Walker.
Thetis, var, Howardi. Hy. Edwards. Ent. Am., vol. 2, p. 165. 1886.
Subfamily ARCTIIDA.
Crocota, Hubn.

Belfragei, Stefch. Entom. Amer., vol. 1, p. 103. 1885.

Costata, S/relch. act. p..102). és:
Obscura, Séretch. ef p. 103. 1885.
Diminutiva, Graef. «s WOles) iaee aloe fe
Opelloides, Grae/f. be pada. 185
Intermedia, Grae. a P24o0- TAS.

Cerathosia, J. B. Smith.
Tricolor, 7 B. Smith, Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 79. 1887.
Callimorpha, Latr.
Reversa, Stretch. Entom. Amer., vol. 1, p. 104. 1885.

Lactata, F B. Smith. of VOLS wip 25. AVG87,
Suffusa, FB. Smith. a Paz5.. lec
Confusa, Lyman. Canad. Entom., vol. 19, p. 185. 1887.

Euprepia, Germar.
Caja, var. Utahensis, Hy. Edwards. Ent. Am., vol. 2, p. 166. 1886.
Arctia, Schrank.
Excelsa, Neumoegen. Papilio, vol. 3, p..70. 1883.
Incorrupta, var. ochracea, Neumoegen. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 71. 1883.
Incorrupta, var. Mormonia, Meumoegen. Ent. Am., vol. 1, p. 93. 1885.
Approximata, Svrefch, Entom. Amer., vol. 1, p. 104. 1885.

Obliterata, Stretch. us pretOsa a ees,
Elongata, S¢refch. Bs p. 105. 1885.
Phyllira, var. lugubris, Hudst «‘ vol! 2: py PS 2y VaeeG:

Cervinoides, Strecker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad., p. 151. 1881.
Doris, Bois. Lepid: Calif, p. 7
Nerea, Bovis. - Pyr-7.
Sciurus, Bors. ra Bay

Tay LGO9:
fae) BOO,
0., 1660.

—-228-—

Oithona, Sfrecker. Rhop. et Heteroc., p. 131. 1877.

Simplicior, Bu/ler. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., p. 311. 1881.

Phalerata, var. incompleta, Budler. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., p. 311. 188r.
Franconia (var,), Hy, Edwards. Entom. Amer,, vol. 3, p. 184. 1887.

Brucei, Hy. Edwards. ae p. 183. 1887.
Remissa, “Hy, Ldwards. Ae p- 184. 1887.

Leptarctia, Stretch.

Stretchii, Buffer. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., p. 312. 1881.

Boisduvalii, Bu/ler. es pr Sebo
Latifasciata, Pudler. p83) 1881,
Fulvofasciata, Bud/er. . 3rd LSeU.
Californiz, udler. a Oy 303". Tosa

Nemeophila, Stephens.
Californie, Walker. Bat. B. Museum, pl. 3, p. 625. 1856.
Geddesii, Newmoegen. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 137. 1883.
Selwynii, Ay. Edwards. Can. Entom., vol. 17, p 65. 1885.
Seirarctia, Packard.

Bolteri, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 121. 1884,

Phragmatobia, Stephens.

Puliginesa, Zzmm, See Zors., Lepid. Calif., p. (26. 1860.
Assimilans, Walker. Cat. B. Museum, pl. 3, p. 630. 1856.

Antarctia, Stephens.
Walsinghami, Auéler. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., p. 311. 1881.

Spilosoma, Stephens.
Congrua, Walker. Cat. B. Museum, Heteroc., p. 669.
Nigroflave,.Graef. Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 43. 1887.
Niobe, Sérecker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc.-Philad., p. 284. 1884.
Antigone, S/recker. Ruffner’s Expl. Dep't Missouri, p. 1860. 1878.
Euchetes, Harris.

Pudens, Hy. Edwards. Papiho, vol. 2, p. 125. 1882.

Zonalis, Gro/e. KS Dp, 132. -0ee2.
Vivida, Grote. sf p. 137. 1882,
Perlevis, Grote. ‘s pagi. areBas

Yosemite, Ay, Edwards. ‘‘: vol. 3, p. 146. 1883.

Immaculata, Graef Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 42. 1887.
Scepsiformis, Graef. " Pp. 43, 188%
Murina, S7re/ch. A vo]. I, p: 106... 28@s;
Bolteri, S¢refch. i p. 106. 1885.

S ——p2 OQ

Vanessodes, G. & R.
Fuscipes, Gro. Can. Entom., vol. 15, p. 86. 1883.
Ecpantheria, Hubn.
Aulea, Hubn. See Bois., Lepid. Calif, p. 78. 1869.
Sennetii, Zz/ner. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 147. 1884.
Coeca, Strecker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad., p. 283. 1884.
Denudata, var., A. 7: Slossoe Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 212. 18
Euerythra, Harvey.
Trimaculata, 7 B..Smith, Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 17. 1887.
Nelphe, H.-Sch.
Carolina, 44). Edwards. Entom. Amer.. vol. 2, p. 166. 1886.
Halisidota, Hubn.
Mixta, Aewmoegen. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 133. 1882.

20
OO,

Minima, Neumoegen. << VON; Pp. 138, 1883.

Scapularis, S/refch. Entom. Amer.; vol. 1, p. 107. 1885.
Laqueata, Hy. Edwards. se vol. 2, p. 166. 1886.
Significans, Hy. Ldwards. * VO, 3; p. 182) 168s.

Cinnamomea, Bors. Lepid. Calif. (Phaegoptera), p. 80. 1869.
Euhalisidota, Grote.
Pura, Neumoegen. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 133. 1882.

(The 4 following species of Arctiidz are given by Walker in Catalogue of B.
Museum, as N, American.)

Apantesis radians, Walker. Pt. 2, p. 632.
Cycnia dubia, Barston. Pt. 2, p. 682.
“« tenera, HZubner. Addenda, p. 1699.
*« budea, Hubner. Add., p. 1781.
Subfamily LIPARIDA.
Orgyia, Ochsenheimer.

Leucographa, Walker. Cat. B. Museum, Addenda, p. 1724. 1856.
Antiqua, Zzn. See Walker, Cat. B. Museum, Pt. 3, p. 784. 1856.
Cnethocampa, Stephens.

Grisea, Neumoegen. Papilio, vol, 2, p. 134. 1882.
Subfamily COCHLIIDA:.
Euclea, Hubn.

Elliotii, Pearsall, Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 209. 1886.

Lithacodes, Packard.
Laticlavia, Clemens. See Hy. Edwards, Ent. Am., vol. 2, p. 9. 1886.
Greefii, Packard. Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 52. 1887.

Limacodes, Latr.
Parallela, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 10. 1886.
Beutenmuelleri, Hy. Ldwards. Can. Entom., vol. 19, p. 145. 1887.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. VOL. III. 36 Marcu 1888.

—230—

Monoleuca, G. & R.
Obliqua, fy. Ldwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 10. 1886.
Varina, Neumoegen.
Ornata, Neumoegen. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 94. 1884.
Subfamily PSYCHIDA.
Psyche, Ochsenheimer. .
Carbonaria, Packard. Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 51. 1887.
Pseudopsyche, Hy. Edwards.
Exigua, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 125. 1882.
Subfamily NOTODONTIDZE.
Ichthyura, Hubn.
Apicalis, Barnston. See Walker, Cat. B. Mus., Pt. 4, p. 1058. 1856.
Incarcerata, Bors. Lepid. Califi, p. 86. 1869.
Inornata, Weumoegen. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 134. 1882.
Brucei, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 1, p. 17. 1885.

Luculenta, Hy. Ldwards. # VOL2,\ p. 10, “L886:
Jocosa, Hy. Edwards. re p. TO, 2886.
Astorie, Hy. Edwards. x p. 107 1696,
Bifiria, Ay. Edwards. “ p. 167. 1886.

Apatelodes, Packard.

Indistincta, Ay. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 13. 1886.
Torréfacta, var. Floridana, Hy. Law. Ent. Am.; vol: 2, p. 13:. 1880
Datana, Walker.

Robusta; “Strecker. Rhopal.-et Heteroe sprit. 1877.
Drexelii, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 24. 1884.
Nadata, Walker.
Doubledayi, var. Oregonensis, Bufler. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., p. 317.

1881,
Behrensii, y. Adwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 1, p. 49. 1885.

Gluphisia, Boisduval.
Septentrionis, Wadker. Cat. B. Museum, Pt. 4, p. 1038. 1856.
Crenata, Esper. See Bozs., -Lepid. Calif., p. 87. 1869.
Tearlei, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 11. 1886.

Wrightii, Hy. Edwards. cs p. 11. - 1886:
Ridenda, Hy. Edwards. ns Pp: 21; a88om
Rupta, “Hy. Ldwards. - Pp. 11... pss.
Albofascia, Hy. Edwards. ‘s pit Zia esG;
Formosa, Hy. Edwards. Me p: ra 18se.
Severa, Hy. Edwards. Z p. 167. "Teco:

Lophopteryx, Stephens.
Elegans, Strecker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad., p. 2

co
vi

1884.

See a

Notodonta, Ochsenheimer.
Notaria, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 1, p. 17. 1885.
Lophodonta, Packard.
Plumosa, Hy. Edwards. FEntom. Amer., vol. 2, p. 14. 1886.
Pheosia, Hubn.
Portlandia, Hy. Edwards. Entom, Amer., vol. 2, p. 168. 1886.
Edema, Walker.
Producta, Walker. Cat. B. Museum, Pt. 4, p. 1031. 1856.
GEdemasia, Packard.
Perangulata, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 125. 1882.
Janassa, Walker.
Coloradensis, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 1, p. 17. 1885.
Heterocampa, Doubleday.
Lunata, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 44. 1884.
Superba, Hy. Edwards. v3 pe 1204 ise4:
Cerura, Schranck.
Bifida, Stephens. See Walker, Cat. B. Museum, Pt. 4, p. 984. 1856.
Scolopendrina, Bors. Lepid. Calif., p. 86. 1869.
Bicuspis, Borkhausen. See Budler. Ann. Mag. N. Hist.. p. 317. 1881,
Albicoma, Strecker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad., p. 285. 1884.
Cecrita, Walker.
Albiplaga, Walker. Cat. B. Museum, Prazyeep. L7 48a UvesGs
Subfamily DREPANULID.
Drepana, Fabr.
Fasciata, S/ephens. See Walker, Cat. B. Mus., Pt.4;-p: T1G3a8 wage:
Prionia, Hubn. ;
Lacertula, Zinn. See Hy. Edw. Can. Entom., vol. 19, p. 146. 1887.
Subfamily SATURNIDZ.
Sericaria, Blanchard.
Mori, Zewn. and authors. Silkworm-moth (domesticated. )
Telea, Hubn.

Paphia, Zinn. See Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 34. 1877.
Polyphemus, var. oculea, Neumoegen. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 71. 1883.
Attacuss Linnzeus.

Cinctus, Zipper. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 65. 1883.
Platysamia, Grote.
Polyommata, Zipper. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 66. 1883.
Euleucophezus, Packard.

Hualapai, Mewmoegen. Papilio, vol. 3, p. 138. 1883.

Hemileuca, Walker.
Electra, W..G. Wright. Papilio, vol, 4,) p19,» n8e84e
Maia, var. Lucina, Hy. Edwards. Ent. Am., vol. 2, p. 14. 1886.
Hyperchiria, Hubn.
Zephyrea, Grofe. Can. Entom., vol. 14, p. 215. 1882.
Subfamily CERATOCAMPIDZE.
Citheronia, Hubn.
Infernalis, Strecker. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 73. 1884.
Sphingicampa, Walsh.

Bicolor, var. immaculata, HZ. S. Fewell. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 144. 1882.
Bicolor, var. Suprema, JVewmoegen. Ent. Am., vol. I, p. 94. 1885.
Subfamily BOMBYCIDZA.

Gastropacha, Ochsenheimer.

Occidentis, Warker. Cat. B. Museum, Pt. 4, p. 1392. 1856,
Gloveria, Packard.
Arizonensis, Packard. J Hy. Edwards, Papilio, vol. 4, p. 107. 1884.
Gargamelle, S/recker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad. (as Lasiocampa),
p. 286. 1884.

Clisiocampa, Curtis.

Incurva, Ay. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 125. 1882.

Artace, Walker. p
Albicans, Walker. Cat. B. Museum, Pt. 4, p. 1492. 1856.

Subfamily COSSIDAE.

Hypopta, Hubn.
Henrici, Gvofe. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 131. 1882.
Manfredi, Grote. ‘‘ vol. 3. .p. 130: *2883;

Cossus, Fabr.
Nanus, S¢recker. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad., p. 151. 1876.
Mucidus, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 2, p. 126. 1882.

Inguromorpha, Hy. Edwards. ;

Slossoni, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol. 3, p. 183. 1888.

Zeuzera, Latr.
Pynna, /abricms. See Walker, Cat. B. Mus., Pt: 7, (p. 1530; to50
/Esculi, Zinneus. See Facob Doll, Papilio, vol. 2, p. 20. 1882.

Subfamily HEPIALIDA.

Hepialus, Fabr.
Carnus, Z’sper. See Walker. Cat. B. Museum, Pt. 7, p. 1552.’ 1856.
Sangaris, S/recker. Rhop. et Heteroc., p. 136. 1877.
Confusus, Hy. Edwards. Papilio, vol. 4, p. 122. 1884.
McGlashani, Hy. Edwards. Entom. Amer., vol.‘2, p. 14. 1886.
Furcatus, Gro7é. ..Can. Entom., ‘vol. 15, p.936. /-188a:

ae a

Pleocoma, Zec., its systematic position and indication
of new species.

By Greorce H. Horn, M. D.

eu

The article on Pkocoma by Dr. Gerstaecker, published in the Stet-
tiner Zeitung for 1883, has been well known to me, not only in the
original but also in the translation prepared by Mr. John B, Smith.

The volume containing the article did not reach me until the early
part of 1884, at a time when I was busily occupied with other matters,
to which were superadded the unfinished scientific affairs of our lamented
Leconte.

The opportunity having occured for presenting to the English
speaking public the translation above referred to I have carefully studied
all the material accessible to me and prepared necessary dissections and
drawings which will in due time appear in the Transactions of the
American Entomological Society.

At present I propose to give in brief the results of my studies, so
that Gerstaecker’s article and my own may be read almost together.

As Dr. Gerstaecker gives a resumé of the articles written by Leconte
I will not recapitulate. It is true as Gerstaecker states that Leconte
modified his views somewhat from the first description to 1861, from
which time there has been no change. This, however, is but the evolu-
tion of opinion based on the gradual arrival of better material. . That
Leconte came so near the truth in his first essay with such a wretched
specimen is one of the best evidences of his clear insight.

When-specimens with the necessary parts came and were studied,
the characters fundamentally important in classification were observed
and we see in the “Classification” of 1861 that P/zocoma takes its place
among the Laparostict Lamellicorns, and the tribe instituted to receive it
placed near the Geotrupin?.

The ‘Classification ” of 1883 appeared with P/eocoma in the same
position and the space devoted to it much greater, from the more numer-
ous details. Had Dr. Gerstaecker seen this volume he might have used
a little more precaution before commiting himself to an opinion, or rather
making the positive statement, so often repeated in his article as to have
no doubt as to his full meaning.

The question involved in the controversy is one of fact—is P/eocoma
a Pleurostict or Laparostict Lamellicorn? Dr. Gerstaecker asserts that
he has examined the stigmata and finds them exactly as in AZe/olontha,

—234—

that is Pleurostict. On the other hand I assert that the stigmata are all
on the connecting membrane and therefore Laparostict. To arrive at
this determination with absolute certainty, I have removed the abdomen,
divided it into two parts longitudinally ; after having removed the entire
contents of the abdomen the segments have been spread upon a piece of
glass, permitting one to see the structure absolutely.

The larva described by Osten-Sacken as that of P/eocoma had been
looked upon as very doubtful by me and I so expressed myself to Dr.
Leconte. On reading the almost exhaustive arguments of Gerstaecker
agamst its being the true larva I became convinced that the larva is
really the larva of Pleocoma. “It is,” says Gerstaecker, ‘‘an undoubted
Laparostict larva” and there is no other Lamellicorn of that series in
California requiring so large a larva.

Gerstaecker’s mistake regarding the stigmata of the imago probably
arose from the fact that the upper inflexed portions of the ventral plates
are translucent and permit the stigmata to be indistinctly seen through
their walls and thus appear Pleurostict.

The systematic positions of all the ambiguous genera in our fauna
were very carefully discussed by the authors of the second edition of the
‘*Classification,” and while some may be still open to discussion, P/eo-
coma is not.

As a result of a study of the species of P/eocoma, the following table
has been prepared :

Third joint of antennz shorter and narrower. than the first, the club with but four
long lamelle.
Seventh joint of antennze merely transverse, not prolonged in a process; hairs of
UNGErSidewblack > a5 tars. alee eee teen eee Rickseckeri,* Horn.
Seventh joint prolonged in a process, one-third as long as the following joint ;
hairsohunderside yellow... .uagasseen gees ac. cee aes fimbriata, Lec.
Seventh joint prolonged in a process, two-thirds as long as the following joint ;
airs beneath sy ellewy.sts.ulies: tcicrsayesrarss age te ae at omic eine +. Behrens, sec:
Third joint of antennz nearly as long and as stout as the first joint.
Thorax regularly convex in front, with at most a slight depression.
Punctures of thorax fine, not greatly coarser in front, surface not hairy..... ma
conjungens,* Horn.
Punctures of thorax relatively coarse, very conspicuously coarser, denser and
deeper in front, the surface with semi-erect hairs ...... hirticollis, Schauf.
Thorax retuse in front, that is, suddenly declivous, with a broad depression poster-
iorly behind a transverse, obtuse ridge ; surface finely punctured, not hairy ;
geminate strize of elytra deep and coarsely punctured.

Hind angles of thorax distinct but obtuse ; fourth joint of antennz very little
prolonged internally)’. .. setayes scien cies Apacer eee eee Ulkei,* Horn.

* These species are for the first time named.

Hind angles of thorax very broadly rounded ; fourth joint of antenne prolonged

in a process, fully half as long as the following joint......... Staff, Schauf.

With the exception of Uke, which is from Utah, all the species are

from California. The females of three are known to me. In the more

extensive paper which I have prepared fuller descriptions will be given

together with such figures of details as may be needed to arrive at a cor-
rect understanding of the systematic position of Pleocoma.

WILLIAM W. HILL.

At Elizabethtown, Essex County, N. Y., on January 28th, 1888,
died William W. Hill of Albany, N. Y. This news will sadden all who
in any way have known Mr. Hill during his life time, and among Ento-
mologists there are few who do not know him or his work.

Mr. Hill was born September rgth, 1833, at Pittsfield, Mass., but
removed to Albany early in life, and entered the business house of Na-
thaniel Wright, dealer in saddler’s hardware, at the age of fifteen. At the
age of twenty he became a partner in the firm of Nathaniel Wright & Co.,
and on the death of the senior member of the firm the business was con-
tinued under the firm name of Woodward & Hill, of which firm he re-
mained an active member up to the time of his death.

On April gth, 1855, he married Miss Jane Woodward of Albany
who survives him. He also leaves surviving him three sons and one
daughter. Mr. Hill had a common school education ; but continued
his studies after entering business and was an exceedingly well informed
man and agreeable companion. Always fond of outdoor life and an ad-
mirer of nature, he was an ardent fisherman and of late years spent a
part of each Summer in the North Woods or in the Adirondacks—com-
bining this sport with his study of nature.

For many years he was more especially interested in Botany and
made large collections of plants. In 1875 he became more especially
interested in Insects, and collected persistently, carefully and systematic-
ally—with what success all Lepidopterists know. Though more partic-
ularly a Lepidopterist he collected also in other orders, to obtain a re-
presentation of local species. With Messrs. Bailey, Lintner and Meske
he made excursions in the vicinity of Albany and finally Centre was hit
upon, as an extraordinarily productive locality and here collecting was
carried on with such vim and persistency that the place becamé known
as ‘‘ Butterfly station.” Enormous quantities of ‘‘sugar” were prepared
_and used, and thousands of moths paid the penalty. During his visits
to the Adirondacks Mr. Hill not only sugared persistently, but every

—236—

available room was lit up and windows were left open to attract the un-
wary night-flyers, In an unexplored field like the Adirondacks the result
Was most gratifying, and many previously unknown forms were dis-
covered—the types of which are all in his collection. With such a quantity
of material, exchanging was very productive and the collection rapidly
increased. It was his boast that he never bought an Insect, yet the col-
lection contains rarities from all sources, the products of exchanges. He
was extremely systematic in the arrangement and care of his collection,
every species bearing a number—or rather two numbers—one sex an
even, the other an odd number. Every species was registered, and the
duplicates were all noted, so that it was only necessary to refer to the
proper book and the exact number of specimens on hand was at once
apparent. In addition to this he was very careful in labelling his Insects,
every specimen containing the exact locality, date of capture and whether
at light or at sugar. The collection is therefore valuable, not only as an
accumulation of material, but as an accumulation of facts, of great value
in fixing dates, distribution and number of broods. The work required
for all this was of course enormous, and can be appreciated only by
those who have attempted anything similar.

Mr. Hill was not a describer, his only contributions to the literature
being in the line of faunal lists in which dates and localities were care-
fully noted ;—but though not a writer, he was a careful observer, and
his intention was, when a sufficient material was accumulated to study
some of the Heterocerous families systematically. This intention was
unhappily prostrated by his untimeiy death, In September last he began
to break down, and his physicians decided that the trouble was con-
sumption. His death was quite unexpected and an autopsy revealed a
cancer on the lungs as the true ailment. His death is a positive loss to
Entomology, removing from our midst an active worker whom it will be
difficult to replace. For the reasons stated his collection is peculiarly
valuable, and it is to be hoped that it will not be lost. No testamentary
disposition was made, but his expressed wish was that it should be dis-
posed of in its entirety. The National Museum would be an excellent
and appropriate place for it.

Mr. Hill was President of the Albany Fly-Casters Association ; Chair-
man of the Ex. Com. of the Eastern N. Y. Fish and Game Protective
Association ; Life-member of the Albany Young Men’s Association ;
Member of the Albany Institute; of the Old Guard, Albany Zouave
Cadets; Masters Lodge F. & A. M., and a vestryman of St. Paul's
Episcopal Church. None of his children have inherited his taste for
Entomology. J. BL Sarre.

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND sU BIE Ge:

Angell, G. W. J.

Address as retiring President 201

Ashmead, Wm. H.
Notes and descriptions of Proctotrupi-
dae 73
Description of a new Proctotrupid 128
Hemipterological Contributions 155
3 new Eucharids and Synopsis of
Eucharinae 186

Beutenmueller, Wm. .
Descriptions ot N. A. Tineidae 139
Coleopterological Notes 156
Food plants of Lepidoptera 157, 180

Blanchard, Frederick.
Notes on Coleoptera 85
A correction and note on Anthonomus
176
Bollmann, Prof., Charles H.
New genus and species of Polydesmi-
dae 45
N. A. Myriapods 81

Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Meetings. 20, 40,
60, 80, 160, 180, 199, 220

Bruce, David.
Ecpantheria reducta 14
Food plants of Geometridae 47
An Arctian and a History 140
Larva of Arctia Brucei 219

Butler, Arthur G.
Notes on certain N. A.
We spy 120
On Huebner’s ‘‘Tentamen,”’ 17

Casey, TI. L.
Notes on Stenus and Barinus 125
Cook, A. J. ;
Notes on certain Buprestidae 59
Coguillett, D. W.
Synopsis of Lordotus 115
Doll, Jacob.
A Hint to rearers of Lepidoptera 22
Edwards, Henry.
New species of Mexican Heterocera 89
Early stages of Orgyia nova 146
Early stages of some N. A. Lepidop-
tera 161
New genera and species of N.A. Moths
181
Catalogue of species of Higher Hete-
rocera not in Grote’s Check List,
1882, 221

Lepidoptera:

Entomological Club A. A. A. S.
Proceedings 101, 121

Fernald, Dr) C,H.
N. A. Pyralidae 37, 127
Revision of Acrolophus and Anaphora
by Lord Walsmgham 195

Fernald, HoT:
Notes on-Erebus odora 78

Gerstaecker, Dr.
Position of genus Pleocoma 202

Graef, Edward L.
Some new Bombycidae 41

Grote, A. R.
Note on Nola and Arctia 147

Hagen, Dr. H. A.
Txodes in human ear 124
An Illustration of N. A. Sphingidae
173
Hood; LE. E:
A Field Note 16
Horn, Dr. Geo. H.
Notes on Lachnosterna 141
Position of genus Pleocoma 233

Howard, L. O.
Notes on Parasites and tood plant of
Cryptorhynchus Lapathi 159

Hulst, Rev. Geo. D.
Salutatory as Editor 2
Catocala Marmorata 3
Notes on Geometridae (No. 3) 9
Notes on certain Pyralidae 21
Catocala badia 27
Book Notices 39, 57, 80, 218
Lepidopterological Notes 49, 140
Larva of Sisyrosea inornata 66

ae Aplodes rubrolineata 72
oe Acidalia insularia 175
ce Hemileuca Nevadensis 191
as Chlorosea bistriaria 193
Notes on Mr. Walker’s Geometridae
113
New species of Pyralidae 129
National Museum, Collection of In-
sects 148

A Bee new to Entomologists 172

A Summer Trip to S. California 189

Correction of mistake in article by
Juelich 200

New species of Geometridae No. 4. 213

American species of Callimorpha 218

Deilephila lineata 219

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS.

Juelich, Wm.

Cryptorhynchus Lapathi 123
Leng, Chas. W.

Synopses of Cerambycidae 4, 23, 44
Linell, M. L.

Note on Dytiscus 27

Notes on some Coleoptera 171

Lugger, O.
An entomological curiosity 83

Moeschler, H. B.

On Bolina fascicularis 197
Murtfeldt, Mary E.

Maternal affection in Entilia 177
Packard, Dr. A. S.

Certain Psychidae and descriptions of

Bombycidae 51
Myriopoda or Myriapoda 120
Popenoe, Prof. E. A.
Euscirrhopterus Gloveri 178
Ricksecker, L. E.
Notes on Pleocoma fimbriata 212
Schwartz, E. A.
Corrections of Henshaw’s List 13
Seifert, Otto.
Parorgyia parallela 93
Slosson, Annie T.
Note on variety of Ecpantheria scribo-
nia, var. 185
Description of’ Ecpantheria denudata
212.
Smith, John B.
Remarks as retiring Editor 1
Antennal structure of Cressonia 2
Identification by skin of larva 16
Euerythra trimaculata, n. sp. 17
Notes from Berliner Zeitschrift 18
Book Notices 19, 55, 59, 60, 80
New species of Callimorpha 25
Notes on certain Acronyctae 36
A voice from the Wilderness 39

|

Notes on Apion and New Species 56

New Genus and Species of Arctiidae 7!)

Callimorpha 88

Cockroaches 88

What is a Species in the Genus Arctia ?
109

A new Sphinx 153

Notes on Diludia 154

A Wicked Worm 196

W. W. Hill, Obituary 235

Tallant, W. N.

Inquiry about keeping Pupae 120
Townsend, C. H. T.

Life History of Lygaeus Turcicus 53
Unhler, PP. R;

Notes on Capsidae and New Species

29, 67, 149

Ulke, Hy.

A new species of Amphotis 77
Underwood, Dr. L. M.

The Scolopvendridae of U. S. 61

Walsingham, Lord.
Tabulation of Genera of Anaphorinae
195
Washington Ent. Soc. Meetings. 20,
60, 199
Weeks, A. C.
Oviposition of Tachina 126
Exomias pellucidus 188
Capturing Carabus serratus 194
Weeks, A. G.
Chionobas semidea 12

Werum, J. H.
Notes on Pupae 26

Williston, Dr. S. W.
Catalogue of N. A. Syrphidae 27
New Genus and Species of S. A. Tach-
inidae 151

Wright, W. G.
Deilephila lineata 219

INDEX OF SYNOPSES AND TABLES:

COLEOPTERA.
Weramby cides. 250.) osscn 4, 23, 44 IMicGrocly tus). .' 0 saiiie en ec eee 23
COr LAE US tances te yoke teeters: tro 8, 23 INGoclytus ie icc. sere enclose eee ee
Gay tOPHOLU sige pes aerers lela s ohel oss vee 23 dillomoxphayesere aa sete setae 24

BUGENCES ay epoca re aitereaeiee fo ara ches 24, = Xylotrechus, Sai. vso seca eee 4

IGY SEEMS ies mers A tess oe wheter

LEPIDOPTERA.
PANS MOTI bs setsemraen Airis pero aise at 195
HYMENOPTERA.

Acolus -....- MRE Tease ist se nee 99 Flolopedina:t +: .ac Seen te ee eee on
BAUM LTUIN Ee tpel-b-gar Nets, 2 ashe 2h afc c: = enciiecs 74 later S Hei ole aves iors presets oo ee ee 119
PSMUEEIS) oo 55-« jer cesses ae Unc ob 118 Isobrachiumissi-n osc foe ee 76
PAIRED EAU SH amet cfs c iota ore east iohonnetche 74 TGADEO re ae ere iiotow ears ie) eee 74
REL MNPIPELUS! eheye asic) «isda cs => boise ales ae 97 TeV POCERUS! 4 face sient ee coe eee 98
PAMPER INNS foe pe rate ce vey Si ecs)ea leu stimievueiee 98 Megaspilus\y.mcltaac tee tesco 98
PREMOHGUI A cee oe. csi cxcra-<'eie «siete wiebeterers 99 REXISEMNUIS S Aeteaclcrak ioc ca asc eee 76
GREG rr sicictsjiya sxc Acne. eae 118 Blatyoasterinae: j=. 126 aoe 73

POS PHIVIEMZE ay yts'e,2 6 x i cies dioe peel wes 73, 75 MAONEUOWNAD IES 5 ang oooe ih een 2.98
ETI ooh id 5.0005 5's lain os ANON 97 Proctotrupidae a... 2.8 eee 73
SG GYAMUTOMIE Soy eysick- cjonc 100. = 2's 2 ee ae 97 BLOCtOUGUpINAG ance ame ee 98
Wert NVOMING se). s enclose se ees- 73, 97 Prdsacanthay. 2 nae ater ae at 100, 117
ND ToIGINE ato eatin ccf siete 3 ar <n sl eal 73 DCEO hae an aathleaurte eae ai eee 119
MBI se ey eta Stes Sc aloe hin he 74 Scelonjmaers eee esa eee 165 Sk)
MEV ATIUS Ee es Scr Seteis chs Ss + wie ieless 74 Sclerochroal..: ath ick oes 75
PU LETNIN EB otey foletal voice: sie. he cee 7) SICKO ar hefe ce MMe ss sve Ribeig eee 75
DIES Gerster aieiSiayssisls <'c.o8 75 Sparasion = 72 ae eae eee 118
‘eM Ohya Citar a nee ae cr ae Ce ae 76 dicleasaee eer Sane ihe eee 100
UCM ARINGE. . teistis er nie ees ws ss 186 Melenomus jee cee eee 118
RECOM ALOPIUS eiagdel as cimtnetneere ctete sie) oss sens 74 ARN OUOMIsak: he Go 2. cis ste eee ae eee 99
MrAOZUS ES £75 cis) fclere a1 erPeee te do eas ts 76 Mrichosteresis's7-eMe. saan oye 98
EIA GUO EIS. ctysreteratWersrctm ese cle 118 Mrisacantha aor: ties oe soe edeaee 117
LACE) (0 TC RCN Coe are 74 ENGMOMIERUS! sy pon es has hee ere ae 100
MNCL © eee. fata hes Popes ey rarer ie Sais 74

SCOLOPENDRID&.

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DIPTERA.
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GENERAL INDEX.

Acidalia impauperata 114

«© insulata, Larva 175

se tacturata 114
Acolus rubriclavus, n. sp, 99
Acrobasis alatella, n. sp. 135

se hystriculella, n. sp. 135
Acrolophus, Revision of, 195

se Davisellus, n. sp. 139

ve Hulstellus, n. sp. 139
ub plumifrontellus, n. var. 140
te violaceellus, n. sp. 139

Acronycta brumosa 35
és exulis 36

vs hamamelis 36
& hilus 36

“e modica 36

ES noctivaga 36
6s subochrea 36

Address of G. W. J. Angell, retiring
President 201
-Eigeridze, Catalogue of species not in
Grote’s List, 1882, 223
Agabus parallelus 13
** congener 13
Alypia gracilenta, n. sp. 41
Amphonyx Antaeus, Pupa of 164
Amphotis Schwartzii, n. sp. 77
Anaitis continuata 114
Anaphora, Revision of 195
Anaphorinae, Table of Species 195
Anceryx Edwardsii, Larva of 165
me Ello, Larva and Pupa of 166
Anerastia electella, n. sp. 137
oi illibella, n. sp. 138
es opacella, n. sp. 138
Angell, G. W. J. Remarks in A. A. A.
S. 103
Anteon, Species of 74
Anteris elongata, n. sp. 118
Anthonomus pusilus 87, 176
oe signatus 14
Anthrenus, Note on 200
Ant Nests and their inhabitants, Notes
on 199
Apatela sancta, n. var. 185
Apetelodes diffidens, n. sp. 92
Aphelopus Americanus, n. sp. 74
Apion, Notes on species 56
** lividum, n. sp. 56
Aplodes rubrolineata, Larva of 72
Arachnidae, Paper by L. M. Under-
wood 122
Arctia Brucei, n. sp. 183
fe c Larva of 219
Franconia, n. var. 184
remissa, n. sp. 184
Notes on 60

ce

oe

Arctia, Species of the Genus 109
oe Virgo and Saundersii 147
Arctiidae, Catalogue of Species not in
Grote’s List, 1882, 227
Arctiidae, Structure ot Genera 199
Argynnis Bellona, Chrysalis of 162
be Nausicaa, Notes on 190
Argyrophyes nigrofasciata 17
Arsilonche albivenosa 171
Aspilates accessaria 10
“ atropesaria 10

oe coloraria 10

Be cruentaria 10

sie dissimilaria 10

sic liberaria 10

ee Lintneraria 10

se olenusaria 10

ee sphaeromacaria 10

os unicoloraria, n. var. 217

Ateleopterus nubilipennis, n. sp. 97
Atreus, A new Genus of Sphingidae 40)
Atritomus rubiventris, n. sp. 98
Attacus Cecropia, Note on 26

Azelina rectisectaria 113

Baeoneura cinctiventris, n. p. 99

er Floridana, n. sp. 99
Barinus cribicollis 87, 125

*¢ squamolineatus 125

Baryconus Floridanus, n. sp. 118
Bassett, Mr., Remarks in A.A.A.S. 104°
Bee, New to Entomologists 172
Bethylinae, Genera of 75
Bethylus, Species of 97
Boarmia atrolinearia, n. sp. 214

30 Fernaldaria, n. sp. 215
a Floridaria, n. sp. 214

es fuliginaria, n. sp. 215

re furturaria, n. sp. 214

ge plumogeraria, n. sp. 216
a Wrightiaria, n. sp. 215

Bolina fascicularis 197

“ icuneanis; 2a

«¢ fasciolaris 197

** ochreipennis 197
Bolteria, n. gen. 33

fe amicta, n. sp. 34
Bombycidae, Catalogue of Species not in

‘Grote’s List, 1882, 226

Bombyx habilus, n. sp. 91
Bonyouloiria, Notes on 200
Brachys ovata 59

ee aerosa 59
Brandiostoma celer 63

Caberodes antidiscaria 113
California, A Trip to 189

GENERAL INDEX. ~ .

Callidryas Philea, Chrysalis of 162
Callhmorpha, American species of 218:

ce Notes on 88, 102
nh lactata, n. sp. 25
oh Lecontei 20, 26

ge suffusa, n, sp. 25

Calosoma tepidum 13
Capsidae 27, 67
Carabus serratus 194
Caripeta angustipennis 9
_ Catocala badia 27
ss marmorata 3
Cautethia Grotei, Pupa of 164
Caverly, Wm., Illust. of Sphingidae 173
Cerambycidae, Synopses of 4, 23, 44
Ceraphron macroneurus, n. sp. 97
Cerathosia, n. gen. 79
ee tricolor, n. sp. 79
Ceratocampidae, Catalogue of Species
not in Grote’s List, 1882, 232
Chaetaspis, n. gen. 45
ES albus, n. sp. 46
Chionobas semidea 12
Chloraspilates arizonaria 10
= bicoloraria 10
Chlorosea bistriaria, Larva of 193
Choerocampa tersa, Pupa of 164°
gs turbata, n. sp. 89
Chrysophanus Xanthoides, Ege of 162
Cicindelae, Notes 15
Cicindela Belfragei, A monstrosity of 199
Cidaria inclinitaria 114
Cis bicarinatus 13
Citheronia sepulchralis, Larva of 168
Claypole, Prof. Remarks in A, A.A. 5S.
on Gasoline 106
Clemensia albata 120
Cleora atrilasciata, n. sp. 214
** punctomacularia, n. sp. 214
Clytanthus albofasciatus 23
= ruricola 8
Cockroaches 88
Cochliidae, Catalogue of Species not in
Crote’s List, 1882, 229
Collecting Notes 60, 80, 156, 160, 171,
189, 194, 199
Comstock, Prof. Address before A. A.
ens ye OIL
Remarks in A. A. A.
S. 106
Cook, Prof. A. J., Remarks in A. A. A.
S. 104, 105, 106
Cossidae, Species not in Grote’s List 232
Crambus Behrensellus, n. sp. 37
RE Bolterellus, n. sp. 37
ee multilinellus, n. sp. 37
Cressonia, Antennal Structure 2, 20
Cricceris Asparagi 108
Crocota diminutiva, n. sp. 42
‘¢ intermedia, n. sp. 42
opelloides, n. sp. 42
Cryptops, Synopsis of Species 65
Cryptorhyncus Lapathi 123, 159, 160,
200

ce oe

ee

Ctenucha imitata, n. sp. 91

a Scepsiformis, n, sp. 91
Cucujes clavipes 156
Cybocephalus unicolor 13
Cyllecoraria 29
Cyrtophorns verrucosus 23

Datana perspicua, Egg and Larva 170”
Deilephila lineata 160, 219
Deilonche, New Genus Sphingidae 40
Diathrausta octomaculalis, n. sp. 127
Diludia, Notes on 154
‘¢ — lanuginosa, n. sp. 89
Diommatus, n. gen. 32
ss congrex, n. sp. 33
Dioryctria bistriatella, n. sp. 136
ue minutulella, n. sp. 136
Diphthera spissa, n. sp. 92
Drepanulidae, Species not in Grote’s
List 231
Dryinus, Species of 74:
Dytiscus hybridus 27

Eccritotarsus elegans, n. sp. 149
Ecpantheria denudata, n. var. 212
ee reducta 14
Ecpantheria Scribbonia 185
Elaphidion parallelum 59
Ellema coniferarum, Pupa of 167
Embolemus nasutus, n. sp. 75
Emerton, Mr. Remarks at A. A. A. 5.
122
Emprepes novalis 140
Encalus decipiens 14
Endropia tiviaria 113
Entilia sinuata 177
Entomologica Americana 40
Eois parvularia, n, sp. 213
*¢ scintillularia, n. sp. 213
Ephestia Ella, n. sp. 138
be opalescella, n. sp. 138
Epyris, Species of 76
Erastria pustulata 17
Erebus odora 78
Etiella villosella, n. sp. 133
Eucericoris guttulatus, n, sp. 150
Euchaetes immaculata, n. sp. 42
‘ce murina, n. sp. 42
és Scepsiformis 42
Eucharinae 186
Euderces approximatus 44
is paralellus 44
cs piciceps 24
Ge Pini 24
ce Reichei 44

66 spinicornis 44
Euerythra trimaculata, n. sp. 17
ee phasma 20

Euhalesidota lurida, n. sp. 91
Euphanessa mendicata 176

Euryscelis suturalis 8

Euscirrhopterus Gloverii, Life Hist. 178
Eusemia Schausii, n. sp. 90

Exomias pellucidus 180, 188

GENERAL

Fidonia alternaria 9

‘© fimitaria 9

‘¢ partitaria 9

se stalachtaria 9
Formicidae of the U. S. 19

Geometra inclusaria 113
Geometridae, Food Plants.of 47
Geophilus Salemensis, n. sp. 82

ne setiger, n. sp. 82
Glyptoteles rhypodella, n. sp. 137
Gonatopus, Species of 74
Gonepteryx Chlorinde, Chrysalis of 163
Goniozus foveolatus, n. sp. 76

oe grandis, n. sp. 76
Gorytodes californiaria 10

oa dulcearia 11
incanaria 10

ce personaria 11

ce trilmearia 11
Graef, E. L., Remarks in A.A.A.S. 103
Gymnusa variegata 13

ee

Halesidota significans, n. sp. 182
Haltica Alleni 122
Hawk Moths of N. A. 39
Helorus paradoxus 74
Hemerophila Packardiaria, n. sp. 217
Hemileuca Nevadensis, Larva of 191
ee Yavapai, Larva of 167
Hepialidae, Species not in Grote’s List,
1882, 232
ITeterocampa unicolor, Larva of 168
Heterolocha Snoviaria, n. sp. 213
Hill, W. W., Obituary 235
Hister repletus 85
Holopedina nubilipennis, n. sp. 97
Hoplinus multispinus, n. sp. 155
Howard, Notes on Say's Works 200
Hoy, Dr. Remarksin A. A. A. S. 122
Hulst, Rev. Geo. D., Remarksin A. A.
A. S. 103
Hydrocampa nebulosalis, n. sp. 127
Hydronotus Floridanus, n. sp. 118
eS Species of 118
Hydropsyche, Note on 60
Hymenoptera, Synopsis by Cresson 80
Myparpax Aurora, Larva of 169

Inguromorpha, n. gen. 182

fe Slossoni, n. sp. 183
Isobrachium, Species of 76
Isognathus inclitus, n. sp. 90
Ixodes Bovis 124

Labeo, Species of 74

Lachnosterna, Notes on Species of 141
Lagoa Fioridana, n. sp. 187

Lepiodes approximaria 11

cf escaria 11
oe interruptaria 11
aS scolopacinaria 11

Lintner, Prof.-J. A., Remarks.in A. A.
A..S. 121, 122

INDEX.

Liparidae, Species not in Grote’s List,
1882, 229
Lithobius Holzingeri, n. sp. 83
Lophyrocera Floridana, n. sp. 187
Lordotus, Synopsis of Species 115
cs apicula, n. sp. 116

6 canalis, n. sp. 115
ee miscellus, n. sp, 116
ce zona, n. sp. 116

Lycomorpha Augusta, n. sp. 91
Lygaeus Turcicus, Life History 53
Lygocerus, Species of 98

Magdalis armicollis 86
Marmopteryx gibbocostata 9
+s strigularia 9
Marx, Dr. Geo., Notes on Scorpionidae
50
Maury, Mr. Remarks in A.A.A.S. 107
Mayr, Dr. Gustav, Notice of work by 19
Mecas inornata 86
Megacoelum grossum, n. sp. 70

os mundum, n. sp. 71
5 pusillum, n. sp. 71
Megaspilus hyalinipennis, n. sp. 98
a Species of 98
Melinna, n. gen. 68
ss fasciata 69
ee modesta, n. sp. 69

ce pumilla, n. sp 69
Microclytus, Synopsis of Species 23
Mordellistena splendens 199
Morris, Dr. J. G., Remarks in A. A. A.

S. 105
Museum Pests 200
Myelois aliculella, n. sp. 135

‘* Georgiella, n. sp. 136

‘* zelatella, n. sp. 136
Myriopoda, Note on Spelling 120
Mystrophorus Americanus, n. sp. 128

Napuca orciferaria, 114

National Museum Collection 148

Nebris pallipes 171

Nematus Erichsonii 12]

Neoclytus, Species of 4

Nephopteryx amatella, n. sp. 131
ae bifasciella n. sp. 182

$s caliyinella, n, sp. 131
or carneella, n. sp. 131

ce furjurella, n. sp. 131

fe hapsella, n. sp. 132

6e odiosella, n. sp. 132

ee subrufella, n. sp. 132
cc tenebrosella, n, sp. 131

Nola minuscula 120, 147
‘* fuscula 120, 147
‘© nigrofasciata 17
Notodontidae, Species not in Grote’s List.
1882, 230

Oedemasia concinna, Food Plants 157
Oellopus tantalus, Pupa of 163
Opisthemega, Synopsis of 64

GENERAL

Orasema minuta, n. sp. 188
‘6 —-violacea, n. sp. 187
Orgyia leucostigma 55
* nova, Larva of 146
Otidocephalus Poeyi 199

Pamillia, n. gen. 31

es Behrensii 31
Pamphila Ethlius, Chrysalis of 163
Parajulus rugosus, n. sp. 81
Parasa fraterna, Larva of 169
Parorgyia parallela, Life History 93
Pasimachus sublaevis 156
Pempelia albipenniella, n. sp. 133

pe mulleolella, n. sp. 133

Pe quantulella, n. sp. 134
Pericopidae, Species not in Grote’s List,

1882, 227
Periostichus Tartaricus 156
Perisemus, Species of 76
Phengodes, © of 107
Philampelus Vitis, Pupa of 165
Phlegethontius rusticus, Pupa of 164
Phragmatobia rubricosa, Larva of 168
Pieris occidentalis, Chrysalis 162
Pinipestis cacabella, n. sp. 133
Pityophthorus minutissimus 199
Platoeceticus Gloveri 51
Platygasterinae 73
Pleocoma, Position of the Genus 202, 233

4 fimbriata 212
Polydesmus nitidus, n. sp. 45
Prionus 85
Proctotrupes melliventris, n. sp. 99

ce Species of 98

Proctotrupidze 73, 97
Pronuba Yuccasella, Notes on 107, 108

Prosacantha Americana, n. sp. 100
ce fuscipennis, n. sp. 117
+ macrocera, n. sp. 117
= mandibularis, n. sp. 117
et minutissima, n. sp. 117
Bs Species of 100, 117

Protoparce dilucida, n. sp. 89
Psallus delicatus, n. sp. 34
Pseudosphinx Tetrio, Pupa of 165
Psyche carbonaria, n. sp. 51
‘* confederata, Larva and Pupa 168

Psychidae, Notes on 51

gE Species not in Grote’s List,

1882, 230

Pterophoridae, Notice of Classification 80
Pyralidae, Synonomy of some Species 21

- New Species 37, 127, 129

Rand, E. C. M., Coleoptera exhibited in
A. A. A. S. 105

Repa cana 120

Rhinocloa Citri, n. sp. 155

Riley, Dr. C. V., Remarks in A. A. A.
S. 102, 103, 104, 107, 121

Saturnidae, Species not in Grote’s List,
1882, 231

INDEX.

Saunders, Prot., Wm., Remarks in A.
A. A. S. 105
Scelio fuscipennis, n. sp. 119
*« hyalinipennis, n. sp. 119
“Species of 119
Scelionidae 73
Scepsis Edwardsii, Larva of 167
Schwartz, E. A. Note on Thos. Say 60
Scirpophaga fasciella, n. sp. 38
- flavicostella, n. sp. 38
Scelerochroa, Species of 75
Scolopendra, Synopsis of 63
Scolopendridae of U. S. 61
Scolopocryptops, Synopsis of 62
Scorpionidae, Morphology 199
Scytonotus cavernarus, n. sp. 46
Selenia aesionaria 114
‘« alciphearia 113
Semiothisa aequiferaria 114
ec caesiaria, n. sp. 217
Sierola, Species of 75
Silvanus planatus 171
ot Surnamensis 18
Sisyrosea inornata, Larva of 66
Smith, John B., Notes by 20, 60
es Report as Editor 40
ce Remarks in A. A. A. 5.
102, 103, 106, 122
Sparasion, Species of 118
Sphaerocysta Peckhami, n. sp. 156
Spermatophthora bonifatella, n. sp. 189
ae gemmatella, n. sp. 184

i Graciella, n. sp. 184

o montinatatella, n. sp.
134

€ muliilineella, n.sp. 134

Illustration of 173
Species not in Grote’s List,
1882, 223
Sphinx Coloradus, n. sp. 153
Spilosoma nigroflava, n. sp. 43
cf Virginica, Aberration of 140
Stenaspilates Meskearia 9
Stenoptycha pallulella, n. sp. 137
se pneumatella, n. sp, 137
Stenus, Notes on 85, 125, 176
Strongylazoma Poeyi, n. sp. 82
Synchloe Janais, Chrysalis of 161
Syrphidae, Additions to Catalogue 27
sé Notice of Synopsis of 59

Sphingidae,
ce

Tachina, Ovipositing of 126
Talocera, n. gen. 152
ue Smithii, n. sp. 153

Tarache delecta 20
Teleas, Species of 100

‘© dolichocerus, n. sp. 100

‘« infuscatipes, n. sp. 100
Telenomus, Species of 118
Teratocoris discolor, n. sp. 68

ce herbaticus, n. sp. 67
Tephrosia abraxaria 114
ss carnearia, n. sp. 216

ee celataria, n. sp. 216

GENERAL

Tephrosia fautaria, n. sp. 216

L Nevadaria, n. sp. 217

se scitularia 114
Tetralopha Baptisiella, n. sp. 128
Thamnonoma marcessaria 9
Thecla Halesus. Chrysalis 162
Thelcteria costaemaculalis 140 al
Thia, n. gen. 181 ,

Ss extranea, m.isp.) Lod

Thoron, Species of 99

‘« pallipes, n. sp. 100
Thyridae, Species not in Grote’s List,

1882, 224
Thyridopteryx ephemeriformis, Food

plants 157 |
Tillomorpha, Synopsis of Species 24
Tomoxia bidentata 171
Toripalpus adulatalis, n. sp. 129
ae cs lunulalis, n. sp. 130

es incrustalis, n. sp. 130
Trichosteresis, Species of 99
Triprocris basalis, n. sp. 91
Trisacantha, n. gen. 117

INDEX.

Trisacantha Americana, n. sp. 117
Tychicus lineellus 87

Uniola paniculata, Insects living on 19%)
Ulke, Notes on Exchanges 60

Uxia albida 120

Voice from the Wilderness 39

Weeks, A. C., Note by 20
Worm, A wicked 196

Xenomerus, Species of 100.
ێ rubicola, n. sp. 100
Xylotrechus, Synopsis of Species 4

Yucca filimentosa, Fructification of LOT,
Zophodia Bollii 140

Zygaenidae, Species not in Grote’s List,
1882, 225

ERRORS ann CORRECTIONS.

.

Rage 35, for A: (G. Butler, il: S3.)0.2.S:. read tAGGn butler, Pk owen

** 107, bottom line, for trusts read thrusts.

** 120, line 11, for wither read whiter.

** 134, line 11, for gemmatilla read gematella.

** 136, line 2 from bottom, for minutularia read minutulella.

*« 153, line 15, for Capada read Chapada.

*¢ 177, line 1 and elsewhere in article for Eutilia read Entilia.

i LOS:

** 218, for Gallileo read Galileo.

All through Mr. Moeschler’s article for Zearis read cunearis:

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