ee Et paeceeas Rrmtap soveneseer rep reese Siete ites : : rerernegwerree ests ah = St ernecwseearest => Amery : 23 Se : 3 “se " re $ ath ers : ; ; Secisicen 3 : . . : athe ~—_ ir tap oS: - ; : ee erty aaron tet hd ! 3 Se sett ~~ ; Span 9-0" eres axe: -- ese anne we - .<— sts Rees are press iets eh see Be zeae ee sperS tases Chteed . ‘ = 2) t Saeeease Pets eee eo 8 a5 meta ce oe ve ee aresecephestatits es st 1g ere > . S35 Ophion slosson@é n. sp. . . . 135 Pimpla conquisitor’ . . . . 269. Pompilius luctuosus . . . . 234° Stinging by H. . . 51, 217, 301 Torymus hainesiin. sp. . .. 278 Vespa, Toad feeding on. - 159 Wasps, preservation of larval food by > « \02.e ae Xylocopa orpifex.. . . . . 5% LEPIDOPTERA. © Aberrant forms .- ; =) tin ee 171, 309, 339. Agrotiphila incognita n’ sp. . 101 er maculata n. sp. . 100 Amnemopsyche incisan. sp. . 60 Ancistrota, new Afric. spp... 177 Antinephele, new Afric. spp. Aphneus, new Afric. spp. 25, pk I. Arctiide . 138, 213 Argynnis erinna . . , ; 246 ? cornelia, owen, el xi. cybele and leto . . 318 Autumn collecting of L. . . 109 Bunea goodiin. sp... . . 136 California, L. of 226, 235 Callidrepana, new Afr. spp. 171, 2 ce N. A. species. . . . 1437 22, 59, 103, 136, + 340 , IE ONE ELLE MELT MOLE IN ED 3 1 IEE INDEX. lil > Calymnia calami . . . . . 127 Carneades edictalisn. sp. . . 99 - siccafan. sp. . . 99 Catocale, capturing . . . . 73 s in New York. . . 261 Caviria, new Afric. spp. . 62, 63 Cecrita bilineata . . . . . 262 Cerapoda stylatan.sp. . . . 99 Ceruridia slossonii . . . . 51 Chrysophanus dione . . . . 126 C. phloeas var. fasciata . . . 330 Ciropteryx, new Afric. spp. . 176 Coptopterya, new Afric. spp. . 174 Cosuma cinerean.sp. . . « 107 Ctenogyna, new Afric. spp. . 342 Diodosida funebris n. sp. . . 341 Decoying P. furnus . . . . 15 Dendrolimus dolores. . . . 248 Dewitzia perpallidan.sp.. . 341 . Drepana bioculatan. sp. . . 177 D Urbania mapongua n. sp. . 24 Faclesimperialis. . . . . 157 Elementary Entomology 4, 39, 84, TIg, I9I, 221. Pep een Re: es Fpizeuxts laurentiin. sp. . . 83 Fuclea new Afric. spp. . . 102,'°3 Eudamus emilean. sp... . 64 Fupeyan. gen... . . + . 167 Sry PRED TN, SPe oe Ss. TOG “ slossonién.sp. . . 169 memaernd 1. POD. os. T4E Extended pupalterm . . . 234 Feniseca tarquinius . . . . 14 muprreaing ? esha Foresight of larve . . : . 269 Friendly butterfly. ... . . 52 Geodena, new Afric. spp. . . 61 Ghost moth <0 4390. 268 Gipsy moth. . . iced ite 78 4ys, Girpa, new Afric. Se As Peat OO _ Gonimbrasia longicaudata n. sp. 137. Gonometa titan... . . 137 Goodian. gen.. . . cue eae “ce new Afric. spp. . . . 179 Graplta comma... . 14,53 ‘ _ gephyrus, food of . . 220 Greasy bee abana ey at.” 297 Heliothis armiger . . 10, pl.v Flepialus humuli . . . . . 268 Hestia riukiuensisn. sp. . ~ 337 Heterocampa manteo . . .« 262 Hydrecia medialis » . . . 87 Ys micacea . . . 51, 87 Hylemera, new Afric. spp.. . 61 LORTRYUPE Fo 5 0 EM ACT IELIO Jamaica; loc off copy 4 620 8 Larinopoda melandeta n. sp. . 25 Larva, various «60-30. is BIO Lasiocampide ......°. . 248. Latoia, new Afric. spp... . 103 Lepasta africanan. sp. . . . 343 Leucoma gracilliman.sp.. . 64 Limacodes cretacea u. sp. . . 107 Lathosidee 5) 8 So 98, 2838 Long Island) L.of;.. 2: 33). > 136 Lycena sonorensis . . . . 125 Lycenesthes, new Afric. spp. 25-7 Macrurucampan. gen. . . . 34 Mamestra languidan. sp. . . 100 “4 segregatan. sp. . 100 Megaddrepana cinerean. sp. . 178 Mirésa, new Afric. spp. . . 104-5 Movements of pupz . . 4+. 264 Mynes dohertyin. sp... . >. 337 Natada melampepla n. sp. .:_. 107 Neoarctian. gen... . eas 8 New N. A. genera and earths 20, 34: 59, 83, 97, 98, 132, 133, 141, 169, 207, 241, 248, 308, 336. North Carolina, L. of . . 80, 189 Notodonta stragula . . . . 255 Nyctemera fallax n.sp. . . 59 Ocneria dispar. . . . . . 159 Ocyton, new Afric. spp. . . 338 Oncocnemtis colorado n. sp. . 100 e¢ pudoratan. sp. . 99 Pamphila alcinan. sp. . . . 212 id streckervrin. sp. . . 211 . WELD. SD oe 272 Paonias astylus,foodof. . . 14 iv INDEX. Papilio elwesii . . 279 ‘* eurymedon . 243 ‘“ policenoides . .pl.i Parasa viridissiman. sp. . . 102 Phragmatobia assimilans . . 16 Plegapteryx, new Afric. spp. 172, 3 Plusia bimaculata. . . . . 225 Prolatoia, new Afric. g. spp. 107, 8 Pseudaletis, Afric. spp. pl. i Psychide, larval cases of N. A. 320 Piluran. Gen, 66 i eS ‘ _ argyraspis n. sp. . 104 Pyramets huntera. . . . . 14 Redoa ogovensisn.sp. . . . 63 Rhypteira, new Afric. spp.. 106, 7 Saturnide .°. . Pr wet e Schizura ipomea . PERM 9%: Scotogramma luteolan. sp. . 101 “ce uniforms N. Sp. 101 Semyra lineata n. sp. Pete Setagrotis terrifican.sp. . . 98 Sphinx franchkiin. sp. . . . 133 Spilosoma prima . . . . . 127 Sole brguttatan. sp... . . 62 Stibolepis abluta n. sp. - 343 Sulychra, new Afric. SPP. ai tie Soa Syachle crocale? eo BSB Synonymic and structural notes 33 Tagiades dannatti n. sp. + 309 Teinorhyncha n. gen. . 106 ss umbran.sp. . 106 Tegulata? nigristriata n. sp. . 341 Temperature and color. . . 321 Thaleropsis trigona . pl. i Thymistada, new Afric. spp. . 180 Tingra, new Afric. spp. . 22, 23 Tmetocera ocellanan. sp. . . 196 Vanessaantiopa . . . . . 52 Venturesome butterfl. 13, 14, 54, 90 MYRIAPODA. Lithobius dorsospinorum, ne- brascensis, Bae n. SOF. i”! New N. A. species’ 241, 247 NEUROPTERA. Amphientomum hagent . . 268 Different species in coitu . 268 Lestes eurinus . . - 330 Mantispa, self mutilation by’ . 295 New N. A. species and genera 132, 207, 278, 336. White ants, ravages of . . 269 ORTHOPTERA, Acridium obscurum . . 48, 50 Blatta orientalis - 48, 50 Digestive system . . . . .- 47 Grasshoppers in Minnesota . 263 New N. A. genera and species 20, 59, 132, 162, 207, 241, 307, 308 Scudderia furculata . . 48, 50 THYSANURA. Acharutes brevipennis n. sp. . 182 Ky marmoratus . . 184 rs nivicola . 184 New N. A. species 65, 182, 241, 278, (7386. Papirius unicolorn.sp.. . . 65 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. IV. Aieh, Hi, «>: Rein hua pee Li LES Ashenehd: W. H., . 278 Ashton, T. B., - 145 Banks, N., . 268 Bassett, H. F., seu: 223 Bean, .T.. FE. 2- 220, 234 Calvert, P. P., 200, 268, 313, and Ent. Lit. Chagnon,:G., ..... “ic. ae Chapman, T.A., . . . 268 Cholodkovsky, N., . .. . 52 Cockerell, T. D. A., 42, 72, 188, 317 Cook, Hu fii... 03 Se Coquillett, D. W., . 208 Cross, E. W., 3040. Ae Daggett, F. S., 15, 263 Davidson, A.., I5I, 194 Davis, G. C., . 31, 115, 135 Doll, J., . 310 Dyar, H. G., 33, 112, 138, 170, 223, 243, 247, 253, 262, 310, 320. © Eddy, FF .: Au gic 3 lived wot ah ee Ehrmann, G. A., - 75, 309 - Fall, H. C., Field, W. L. W., Forbush, E. H., Foulks, O. D., Fox, W. J.,. Fyles, T. W., Gillette, C. P., Goodhue, C. F., Hamilton, J., Harvey, F. L., Healy, J. L., INDEX. v 3 235 14 (54) . 159 3. 261 . 3, 134, 143, 234 159, 225 . 28, 166, 2T0 16 187, 217 65, 182 - 295 Holland, W. J., 22, 59, 102, 136, 170, 337- Holstein, G. W.., Horn, G. H., Johnson, C. W., Jones, F. M., Joutel, L. H., Kenyon, F. C., . Kirby, W. F., Knaus, W., Kunze, R. E., Laurent, P., Lembert, J. B., . Liebeck, C., Longley, W. E., Mason, J. T., McKnight, C., Meeske, H., Merkle, A., - 300 . 281 3, 9 . 189 . 270 - 247 . 128 - 293 109, 269 «6, 265 125, 303 Bites Onis a eee vee . 261 - 157 . 127 - 116 - 202 -Townsend, C. H. T., Neumoegen, B., 133, 138, 213, 248 Osborn, H.,. . Bre oe tiie: i QR Oslary By Gti ices U8 S226 Owen BaiGice foe ae Ab Packard, A. S., 77, 167 Patton, W. H..,. 203, 302 Phillipay:f. Meee ee ee Pocock Rs fates se ase 8 S70 Rowley, 3 Ry 5.08 aes cae Semarang, Coe ea ya Skinner, H., . 64, 80, 211, 318 Slosson, Mrs. A. T., . 51, 249, 287 Smith, J. B., 4, 39, 80, 84, 87, 98, II3, II9, I9I, 221, 292 and Econ. Ent. A A RN Mis 4 piyder, W. Bey)! oe coe Ete renee: fk Ga gtk ar a ee Stromberg, C. W., 149, 283 13, 69, 158, 163, 242, 246, ae 277, 302. EiUeey, Ba -5 eee Mii. Villanes, Hi A ET ii Sar gen AEE Watson, J., . . o) 4 ae Webster, F. M., a 186, 227, 268, 295. een, CO. es 8 pe oe Wickham, H. F., I, 302 Wy ee BE GS BES R7, Williston, S. W., 113, 114 al ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, “ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, VOL, Iv. JANUARY, 1893. No.1. CONTENTS: Wickham—Collectingin the Far North 1 | Notes and News....sccs-ssserees SURE a Iz Fox and Johnson.—Lepidoptera from Entomological Literature.........-.sssessees 16. UMM ICM icccicafvtast cuss caiekes. cosicastebesekie 3 Entomological Section .......-ssessccsseeseee 2I Smith—Elementary Entomology.......... 4 | Hoiland—Some African Butterflies ........ 22° Laurent—Coleoptera of N. Carolina..... 6 | Gillette—Colorado Cynipide............+.. 28 Editorial........, ab neeRtahs as tk unss/Waetects aenesuaces 8 | Davis—A new Ichneumonid ............0 31 Economic Entomology...cose.s-+sessssessses 9 | Dyar—Synonymic and structural notes 33. COLLECTING IN THE FAR NORTH.—Part II. Il. THE STIKINE RIVER. By H. F. WickHam, Iowa City, Iowa. Not having a tent I used an old quilt to make a shelter large enough to crawl under at night in the vain hope of being able to keep out the mosquitoes by fastening down the end after I had entered. In the morning I used to find numerous little beetles on the outside, evidently attracted by some peculiarity in the color or odor of my domicile, since they occurred rarely on other shelters in the camp; among these captures may be enumerated the following species: Porrhodites fenestralis, Lothrineum Sp., Olophrum porcum, Pediacus fuscus, Henoticus serratus, Canos- celis cryptophaga, Corticaria serricollis and Podabrus scabra. _ The summit of the hill, which is divided by the cafion furnished a number of Cryptohypnus nocturnus, found beneath a log. After a few days had been spent at the cafion, a party of In- dians came up the river in canoes on their way to the Tahltau village above Glenora, and with them I engaged passage as far as the latter place. At one of our stops I managed to find a few . I +a 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ___ [ January, specimens of Aegialia rufescens under a piece of wood nearly buried in sand, but not much else of interest occurred, ex spring } Opisthius Richardsonii, a specimen of which I washed out of the bank, Glenora was reached at last, and, through the kindness of the Inspector of Customs, I was soon installed in the building for- merly used as the Custom House. This place was a thriving and ~ busy little town during the days of the gold excitement, but is — now almost deserted, except by a few miserable and diseaaian In-— dians who manage to exist on fish and berries, with what little additional food they can procure of the white traders near by.. The country here proved very different from what I had seen on > the lower river, rising in terraces from the stream, the sides and tops of the benches being covered with a of conifers and — shrubbery, but not of so imprenetable atlas the 4 coast. The insects found proved quite different, as a COMNETROT of lists will show. Close to the river, under rubbish and drift-wood, were found — several species of Veéria in small numbers. JV. metallica, hud- sonica, Sahlbergi and Mannerheimii, with Opisthius Richardsonii, . Bembidium planatum, planiusculum, striola and lucidum, and n Platyrus piceolus. In damp spots under dung occurred Platy- tethus americanus, Tachinus semtrufus and some Aleocharinia® Beneath the bark of a log lying near the water I got a series of Omalium pusillum, Dryocetes affaler and Polygraphus feeivese lit Up on the terrace, where the soil was dry, the fauna was ofa . ferent character, and here I got Bembidium monelum, Hivchaol 5 cautus and rufimanus; under burnt logs a few Cytilus trivittatus were seen, beneath sound ones I took one example each of y tycerus depressus and Adimonia externa. In fungi, be: toma concolor. Beating flowers yielded a few C byncha a few single specimens of Leptura subargentata, Buprestis: 72 was seen once on the rafters of a cabin. eae a Sickness and the advance of the season impell > to leave after a short stay here, and I took the opportun if y offered by the — return of the Indians to go back with them. Our return trip — was made in short time and with little labor, dking the current — and often the wind in our favor, we reached the mouth of e river after only seventeen hours of actual travel. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM JAMAICA, W. I. By Wo. J. Fox, and C. W. JOHNsoNn. The species included in this list were taken by us during a short ~ visit to Jamaica in the months of April and part of May, 18g1. At the time of our visit insects of all orders were very scarce, though the majority of the species mentioned herein, with a few exceptions, occurred rather commonly. The greater part of the collection was made at Kingston, Bog Walk and Port Antonio. In addition to those species captured by us, we saw at Port An- tonio Urania Sloanus, Aganisthos odius Fab. and two specimens of the very rare Papilio homerus. About twenty-five additional species of moths are not included, as it was impossible for us to identify them at the present time. To Dr. Henry Skinner we are indebted for verifying the identifications. RHOPALOCERA. Nymphalide: Danazs Jamaicensts Bates, Helicontus charitonius L., Colenis delilia Fab., Dione vanille L., Euptoteta hegesia Cram., Junonia genoveva Cram., Anartia jathrophe L., Victorinia steneles L., Adelpha abyla Hew., Calisto zangis Fab., Cystineura dorcas Fab., Dynamine zetes Men., Anea troglodyta Fab. Ly- _cenidee: Thecla eurtyulus Hiib., 7. pan Dr., Lycena theonus Luc., Z. filenus Poey, two undet. spp. Papilionide: Eurema citrina Poey, £. Westwoodi Luc., E. lisa Bd. L., E. gnathene Bd., £. bulea Bd., £. thymetus Poey, £. elathea Cram., Pieris monuste L., Catopsilia rorata Butl., C. drya Bd., C. statira Cram.., Papilio thersites Fab., P. pelaus Fab., P. polydamus var. poly- crates Hofm. Hesperidee: Thymele tityrus Fab., 7. proteus L., Aethylia amphion Hiib., Carystus tripunctatus H. S., Pamphila phlyleus Dr., P. pustula Hiib., P. coscinus H. S., P. sylvicola H.S., P. amyntas Fab., Hesperia syrichtus Fab., Nisonaides philemon, Achlyodes gesta H. S:, six unidentified species. HETEROCERA. Empyreuma pugione L., Camposia credula, Lauron vinosa Dr., Pareuchetes cadaverosa Grote, Ecpantheria nigriplaga Walk., Utethesia venusta Dalm., Agrotis discernans Walk., Hadena in- signis Walk., Homoptera sp., Wargaronia hyalinata L. 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | January, ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. LEPIDOPTERA-HETEROCERA (Moths). By Prof. Joun B. SmitH, New Brunswick, N. J. Following the Limacodidz in our lists are the Psychide. There is really very little to associate this latter family with any that have gone before, nor that immediately follow, but I have no more satisfactory location to propose. The larve of this family are all bag worms; that is, they make a bag or case for their pro- tection, which they carry with them everywhere, and in which. the entire larval life is passed. The females, indeed, usually do not leave their case at all, but are wingless or larviform, and the . eggs frequently develop or mature within the abdomen without being laid in the ordinary way. In due time the young cater- pillars hatch and then eat their way through the egg-shell, the — mother womb and out of the old bag. They start a case of their own almost immediately, and enlarge this as growth renders it necessary. The cases are characteristic, and differ in the species; some are made of silk alone, some are covered with leaf frag- ments. and some with little sticks. It is interesting that, in some exotic species, the bags differ in the sexes; not only in size, but also in make up. That of the male will often have a larger, stouter twig or stick projecting below it, and on this it rests when emerged from the pupa, and until it is fully mature. The female, which does not leave her house at all, requires no such structure, and therefore builds none. The male insects are always winged, the wings frequently quite large, often transparent, or thinly clothed with scales, the color usually black. The antennz are pectinated, often even plumose. The tongue is short, or almost wanting, in the female rudimentary. The venation is as curious and aberrant as is the rest of the insect, and it varies considerably within family limits. The median cell is always divided on both wings; an accessory cell may be present either at the upper or lower angle of the cell; the veins sometimes branch before they reach the margin, and the internal veins are either branched, or, on the primaries, with a long fork at the base. In our lists Pero- phora and Lacosoma are referred to this family. Mr. Kirby ‘thinks they do not belong here, and refers them to the Drepanu- lide, which may or mav not be correct. They are probably not Psychide. , ; 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 The Dioptide is an interesting family, of which we have in our fauna a single genus and species only, Phryganidia californica, and I am not so certain but that this really belongs with some of the exotic forms which I have seen. Based on our species the family has large, somewhat thinly-scaled wings, the primaries with one, secondaries with two internal veins. On both wings veins 3 and 4 are on a long stalk, separating toward the outer margin, and 5 is from the cross-vein, almost exactly at its middle. On the sec- ondaries 6 and 7 are stalked, and on the primaries veins 7 to 10 areall from the same stalk. The antennz of the male are lengthily pectinated, of the female simple, and the tongue is only moder- ately developed. I am strongl¥ inclined to refer the species very near to the Lithosiidz, if not to them directly. In its larval his- tory it is very like Euphanessa, especially in having a naked pupa suspended by the tail, and in other features they are not dissimilar. The genus is a rather aberrant one, was referred to the Psychidz by Packard, to the Zygzenide by Stretch, and to the Dioptide by Butler. It must not be taken as giving the characters of the latter family, except in so far as Phryganzdia is a member of it. The Notodontidz again contain a considerable number of genera and species, and a considerable diversity of form and habitus. Asa rule the head is retracted, very small, the tongue only moderately developed, or more usually entirely wanting; the ocelli are wanting in the genera examined by me, and the male*antennz are lengthily pectinated, those of the female being unusually short in some genera. The thorax is proportionately short, while the abdomen is proportionately long in most in- stances. These proportions of head, thorax and abdomen serve to give the members of this family a distinctive appearance, which, once recognized, makes placing the insect easy, at a glance. The legs are usually clothed with long hair, and are subequal in length, the posterior very little longer, unlike those of the Noctuidz, where they are often double the length of the others. The wings are of moderate or, proportionately, rather | large size, primaries with one, secondaries with two internal veins; vein 5 of each wing from the cross-vein nearer to 6 than to 4. There is quite a diversity in the appearance of the larva, and some difference in habits of pupations Some make an under- ground cell, others spin a more or less dense cocoon and pupate above ground. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, The Platypterygidz is a small family of easily recognized forms. The body is rather slight, the parts fairly proportioned. The mouth parts are moderately developed, the ocelli are wanting and the male antennz are pectinated. The legs are subequal in length. The wings are large and broad, the primaries distinctly falcate, giving the species a characteristic appearance. Both fore and hind wings have one internal or free vein only, and 5 is nearer to 4 than to 6; an oblique, somewhat sinuous vein closing the cell. On the secondaries the subcostal branches, giving rise to 6 and 7, before the end of the cell. The proportion and form of the wings give the venation a somewhat butterfly-like appearance. ® Coleoptera of the Mountainous Region of North Carolina. By PHILIP LAURENT, Philadelphia, Pa. 3 I had often desired to take a trip to the mountains of North Carolina, and when my friend, Dr. Skinner, made the proposition for a two weeks’ collecting trip to this region, I at once consented. We left the city of Philadelphia on July 5th on board the 7.40 P. M. train, arriving ut our destination, Cranberry, N. C., after a ride of twenty-four hours. A good night’s rest and a breakfast of hot corn-cakes, oat-meal and hot potatoes, washed down with a glass of fresh milk, and we were ready for a hard day’s work. From recent articles that I had read I was led to believe that many rare and possibly new species would be found in this re- gion, and possibly there may be among the foot-hills or during the months of June and August, but I doubt it very much owing to the nature of the country, which consists of nothing but forest- covered hills and mountains, very little land being under cultiva- tion. My first day’s collecting convinced me that little new ma- terial was to be found, as the majority of the species captured represented old, familiar faces that I had often seen while col- lecting in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Much rain had fallen during the two weeks previous to our arrival, which may partly — account for the scarcity of insect life, During our two weeks’ stay I captured two hundred and twenty-eight species of Cole- _ optera, represented by about fourteen hundred specimens, among the lot being a few rare species. Among the rarer species taken and species not generally found in the Northern and Middle 1893.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 States, I might mention the following as being of particular in- terest to the Coleopterist: Cychrus canadensis Chd., Pterostichus grandiceps Chd., Mycetina perpulchra Newm., Endomychus 6i- guttatus Say, P tamsionds amenicornis Say, Drerthites tri- angularis ? Say, Corymbites hamatus Say, Agrilus acutipennis Mann., Geotrupes Balyi Jek., Anomala marginata Fab., Cen- trodera decolorata Harr., Toxotus cylindricollis Say, Leptura biforts Newm. Our collecting was all done at an elevation of three thousand feet and upwards, the highest point reached being that of Grand- father Mount, the height of which is close to six thousand feet. I was in hopes of adding some new material to my collection of water beetles, but of them it might properly be said that they _ were conspicuous by their absence. Gyrinus analis Say, or a closely allied species, being the only water beetle observed, the icy coldness of the streams and ponds no doubt accounting for the absence of water beetles as well as other aquatic insects. A Nartura.ist’s FLEAs.—A naturalist, who is both an ardent student in his branch of science, and absent-minded to a degree which keeps his family on the alert, recently celebrated his silver wedding. Many guests were invited for the occasion, and the house was made ready for the re- ception of the company. Just as the first guest arrived one of the daughters was sent to summon the father, who had not come from his study. Care had been taken that he should be reminded to dress in time, so he was all ready, and at the summons the daughter noticed that her father carried in his hand a small wooden box, and as he shook hands with the nearest guest she saw him drop it. The cover rolled off, but she gave a sigh of relief when she saw that the box was apparently empty. The naturalist, however, uttered a cry of dismay, and instantly went down on his hands and knees in a vain attempt to gather up something. *“Have you spilled anything, father?’ she asked. **Spilled anything!” he echoed, in evident indignation over her calm tone. ‘‘I have lost fifty fleas that I have just received from Egypt!’ The effect of this intelligence on the family was nothing in comparison to the effect the catastrophe had upon the company before the evening was over, and the only thing that the naturalist said to his friends in an- swer to their congratulations upon his happy married life, so his daughter declared after all was over, was to ask that if they carried away any of his Egyptian fleas they would return the insects to him. —Newspaper. 8 | [January, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), by the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, with the endorsement of the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 240 pages per annum. It will maintain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be con- sidered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. ga@= All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editor of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1893. WITH this number the NEws commences its fourth year, and now may be said to be a well-grown, vigorous child, having safely gotten through its infancy. The present number contains thirty-two pages, which is just double the number with which it commenced its existence. It is the only regularly illustrated entomological journal in the world, and gives more paging and interesting matter for the subscription price than any other journal treating of the same subject. It has been our endeavor to im- prove it in every way, and its rapid growth and the kindly support it has received prove that we have not failed. We will strive to continue in the same way, and we trust our subscribers and friends will aid us as far as may be possible. We have made some changes in the personnel of the editorial committee: Mr. Philip P. Calvert has been appointed associate editor, and Rev. H. C. McCook and Mr. Charles Liebeck made members of the Advisory Committee. We have decided to present all the more scientific or technical papers to the Entomological Section of the Academy and have them read before that body and published under the special heading in the News entitled, Proceedings of the Entomological Section. We wish to emphatically state that all such papers will be published ac- cording to date of reception, and all other papers the same way, only making two separate classes. We are obliged to issue papers according to priority of reception from the standpoint of equity. Pictures for the album of the American Entomological Society have been received from Mr. I. C. Martindale, Prof. John B. Smith, Charles S. Welles, Dr. W. J. Holland, Prof. G. C. Davis, E. V. Beales, M. V. Slin- gerland, Howard Evarts Weed, Alda M. Sharp, T. B. Ashton and B. Neumoegen, Esq. We have room for many more. | . 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. Introduction of Predaceous Insects.—In ‘‘ Science,’’ No. 509, for Nov. 4, 1892, Mr. Camillo F. Schaufuss, gives an account of the efforts made by Mr. A. D. Hopkins, of the Virginia Station, to collect and introduce into our country the European Clerus formicarius L. to assist in destroying the Scolytids which are so injurious to Virginian forests. Mr. Schaufuss considers the experiment a promising one, and sees no reason why it should not prove successful. There seems no real reason, perhaps, why it should not be; but it would not be well to anticipate too much. There would seem to be no reason why our allied American species should not increase sufficiently to control the Scolytids, but they do not seem to do so. There is not even proof that Clerus formicarius in its own home is in itself a large factor in controlling Scolytids. The thorough forestry organization of Germany is alone sufficient to minimize injury; the re- moval of every diseased or infested tree; the systematic collection of fallen branches; the utilization of absolutely everything not needed by living trees, is exactly what intelligence would dictate, and, where the destructive insects themselves are placed at so great a disadvantage, pre- daceous insects may be relatively much more numerous and effective. The result of the experiment will be watched with interest. It is perhaps a trifle unfortunate that Dr. Riley’s experiment, the intro- duction of Vedalia to destroy Jcerya was so splendidly and rapidly suc- cessful. The success has become so widely and generally known that it seems to have become a fixed idea with many that all sorts of injurious Species can be controlled in the same way. I have been asked many times by all sorts and conditions of men why I don’t try to do something of that kind for our common pests. Dr. Riley’s experiment was made under unusual circumstances, and on a strictly scientific basis, with all the chances in his favor. He had _to do with an introduced insect, which, in its own home, was not particularly abundant or destructive. He reasoned, correctly enough, that if it could be discovered why the insect was rare at home and abundant here, the conditions might be made more similar. The working out of the problem deserves all possible praise, and the suc- cess was signal. The natural enemy was discovered, its history was made out, and it was introduced, propagated and colonized. The insect was only asked to do here what it had already done at home, and was placed in surroundings where Jcerya only was familiar to it as prey. The same combination of circumstances may not occur again for years in favor of an experiment of that kind. This should not be read as an adverse criticism of Mr. Hopkins’ ex- periment, but rather as a warning that too much must not be expected of natural enemies. Nature never works to the immediate destruction of its creatures; the balance is so nicely adjusted that no rapid and per- . IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . [ January, ~ manent changes are possible until man intervenes, and then he turns the balance, nine times out of ten in favor of the destructive insect. Few injurious insects are more commonly parasitized than the larva of Pieris — rapa, the ‘cabbage worm.”’ Of the late brood it is difficult to find chrys- alids that are sound, and if the search be made in Spring, not one per cent. will be found alive. From these few surving pupz butterflies issue, and from the vast number of others the parasites—more parasites than the butterflies could lay eggs; and yet, each season, from the few Spring insects we get swarms of butterflies by Summer, and in mid-Summer hosts of larve. I have absolutely vo faith in the efficiency of parasites. to certainly control injurious insects under present artificial conditions. Parasites are natural checks only, and the check may be placed far beyond the point where, in our opinion, the inseci becomes destructive. The Elm Leaf Beetle.—In number 2 of vol. v, of ‘‘ Insect Life,’’ issued November, 1892, is an abstract of the minutes of the meeting of the En- tomological Society of Washington for October, 1892, in which occurs the following sentence: “ He [Prof. Riley] also read extracts from a commu- nication from Prof. J. B. Smith, who had found the eggs of a second brood ~ of Galerucella xanthomelena at New Brunswick, N. J.’ As it stands there, the sentence is somewhat misleading, and effectually contradicts the papers on the subject, published by me earlier in the season, which was not intended. The essential part of my letter to Dr. Riley is dated August 31st, is as follows: ‘‘I have to-day—since writing you this morn- ing—discovered here and there patches of eggs of G. xanthomelena, and one brood:of newly-hatched larvz on the new foliage of the elms. The parent beetles are the results of the latest larvz of the first brood and there are very few of them about. I will have to be away for the next few days, but I will have some of the beetles collected and prepared for study. It is due to myself to say that I found nothing of the kind in pre- vious years, and due to you to say that facts have verified your suggestion that, with abundant fresh food, some of the beetles would, exceptionally, produce a second brood, as in Winter they exceptionally produce a third. It is a remarkable fact that, from early in July until late in August, no eggs. should have been seen, while now, quite suddenly, there is no difficulty in finding them, though they are by no means abundant.” A few days later when I again had an opportunity of examining the trees, eggs had not increased, nor was there any increase later on. The larvee that hatched from them fed slowly, many starved to death, and a very small proportion only reached the imago state. The oviposition for a second brood is decidedly. exceptional among the beetles. It is curious that the beetles emerging in July should have made no attempt to oviposit, while of the same brood, some emerging after the middle of August should have reproduced their kind. Corn-worm.—This pest, the larva of Heliothis armiger, has been more than usually abundant during the past season in New Jersey. Its work on corn is well known, and is well illustrated in the plate accompanying this J Pe 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IT number. The ears were picked up at a husking in Cumberland County, ‘and they were, unfortunately, by no means exceptional specimens. The outer rows had been injured to a very considerable extent, but damage decreased rapidly toward the centre of the field, indicating that the in- sects had come on from the outside. But it was not on corn that the greatest money injury, was caused by the pest, but on tomatoes. Dr. Riley has given a very characteristic figure of the larva on tomato, and I had abundant opportunity of verifying its fondness for that fruit or vege- table. Early tomatoes are a very important feature in the money crop of the farmers of southern New Jersey, and they force their plants along as rapidly as possible to get the high prices ruling for early specimens. Late in June and early in July, they realize as much for a quart as they do a month later for a bushel. In 1892 more than sixty per cent. of the very earliest tomatoes were destroyed by this larva, and a money loss was caused totally disproportionate to the actual percentage of the crop in- jured. The same larva would sometimes enter two or even three toma- toes in succession, and even where little eating was done, the rain and dew entering, caused decay. Early in July the larvze were maturing rap- idly, and the next brood, finding an abundance of sweet corn, neglected the tomatoes, which were not thereafter disturbed, nor did I find the larvz except on corn when this was available. To deal with the insects on the tomato is not easy. Spraying iwith the kerosene emulsion has been attempted with some success, and pyrethrum has been used to some advantage. Yet the measure of success attained was not such as would authorize us to advise the use of either with con- fidence. In my opinion the insect should be dealt with in the corn-fields by means of thorough fall or winter plowing. It is too much the practice to leave the corn stocks in the ground over winter, and the insects, which pass the winter in-the pupa stage some four to six inches underground, are left undisturbed until spring, when they are ready to emerge. Fall plowing would turn many of these pupz to the surface and would break up the cells of others, so that the earth would come-into direct contact with them and by its alternate freezing and thawing would destroy them. The Pear-Tree Psylla.—This is the title of Bulletin 44 from the Entomo- logical division of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, and it is written by Mr. M. V. Slingerland, Prof. Comstock's assistant. - Mr. Slingerland draws a vivid picture of the injury caused by the insect, explains how it is done, give us a very complete life-history, and finds that the kerosene emulsion even when greatly diluted, twenty-five times, is effective in destroying the nymphs. Perhaps the most interesting part . of the paper is the result or non-result of the use of a variety of insecti- cides on the eggs of this*species. It was found that kerosene, kerosene emulsion, turpentine, turpentine emulsion, benzine, crude carbolic acid emulsion diluted ten times, resinwash of triple strength, whale-oil soap and sulphide of potash wash double strength, were all equally ineffective. The result was somewhat of a surprise, and yet may be explained by the 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ {January, fact that, according to Mr. Slingerland, the egg is quite hard and may be roughly handled without injuring it. I have found the kerosene emulsion ~ entirely ineffective on the hard eggs of Melittia ceto and Anasa tristis, but quite completely effective on the soft eggs of certain Tortricid moths and of certain Coccidz. Chitine of any thickness resists perfectly the action of most penetrants, including alcohol and chloroform, yields but slowly to potash, carbolic acid or acetic acid, but is readily attacked by a saturated solution of bichloride of lime, or by eau Javalle and eau La- barrague. In such strength as we may apply them on vegetation, I be- lieve that none of the materials named will injure a hard shelled egg, simply because they could not penetrate it. This will explain, also, why, on certain bugs like Azasa tristis or beetles like Macrodactylus subspino- sus, the diluted kerosene is ineffective, and even the pure article is resisted quite strongly. On such insects the spiracles offer the only part of entry for the insecticide, and these are exceedingly well protected in the cases mentioned. The softer the egg or the insect, and the less protected the spiracles the more effective becomes the kerosene emulsion. . Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. {The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Owing to low subscription rate, “‘ extras’’ will be charged for, and when they are wanted, it should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—Epb. IN recent years the bark-beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. has ap- peared in the West Virginian forests with very disastrous results. To combat it in some measure, Mr. Andrew D. Hopkins, entomologist of the Agricultural Experiment Station at Morgantown, W. Va., has formed ~ the plan of introducing against it a new enemy in the European bark- beetle, Clerus formicarius L. For this purpose Mr. Hopkins has lately been in Germany, and has here applied himself with great skill and good fortune to the collection of this useful insect, and to the study of its con- ditions of life. He has taken to America the larve of the bark-beetle ~ destroyer in various stages, as well as the pupa and imago, all in their Winter rest, and the hope is entertained that if they arrive there in healthy condition, the attempt at acclimation can begin next Spring.—CaMILLo F. ScuHauFruss, Mus. Dir. Meissen, Saxony. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13 RECENT SYSTEMATIC WORK ON THE NORTH AMERICAN TACHINID2Z.— On page 350 of volume iv of ‘Insect Life,’ there appears a short note _on the writer’s systematic work on the Tachinidz. With the sole desire to explain my position so that my work may not be misunderstood, I hope this note will not be out of place. I have long been familiar with the ex- cellent advice of Baron Osten Sacken, quoted from the preface to his. “Catalogue of North American Diptera,’’ and no one recognizes more than the writer the value of monographic work. Perhaps there is more excuse for fragmentary preliminary work in this than in other groups of insects. However, it is, and has been from the first, my intention to pro- duce a monograph of North American Tachinidz, so soon as the unde- scribed material can be worked up and most of the synonymy disposed of. I hope that my communications will be of some value in the recog- nition of species, and that they will add to the systematic knowledge of the group. While I have great respect for Dr. Brauer’s ability and pre- vious valuable work, I claim that American students have a right to ask for full and recognizable descriptions of newly-erected genera, instead of simple reference to the type species which no one can examine without visiting the European museums. It is on this account hard to recognize Dr. Brauer’s work in this country; and I believe one may be pardoned for publishing conscientiously thorough descriptions in this group, even at the risk of a few synonyms, because synchronous with Dr. Brauer’s work. It is also a question whether Dr. Brauer’s disposition of the Muscidz will ever be accepted in full by systematists. So far as my own work is con- cerned, I may say that my motives have been quite correctly interpreted in the note above referred to. I have a very small allowance of time to devote to this work, and, so far, consider my communications as merely preliminary; nor do I deny that I desire thereby to secure priority. — It is. my full intention, so soon as my time and the circumstances in the case will permit, to bring these descriptions together in a monograph which shall be the more valuable for its completeness, and will not require such extensive subsequent additions and revisions as would a more premature one. I greatly regret the necessity for this note, which I feel called upon to offer in defense of my position. —C. H. TyLER TowNnseENp. It is perhaps worthy of note that the horn-fly has reached central Mich- igan, and was very thick and annoying in the southern part of the State the past Summer. The grain beetle, Si/vanus surinamensis, is attracting much attention among farmers by eating the wheat in the bin. Keeping _ wheat for higher prices, year after year, and the warm Winters may ex- plain this new annoyance. The past season the old parsnip caterpillar, Papilio asterias, has attacked celery quite generally in Michigan, doing considerable harm. Of course it is easily destroyed.—H. J. Cook. HaAvING read two paragraphs in the News relating to Venturesome Butterflies, it occurred to me that the following might be of interest: On the roof of our house there is a space sixteen feet square enclosed by a 5 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ (January, railing, within which we spent the latter part of the afternoon of many a hot day last August. Here, at about five o’clock every afternoon from two to five individuals of P. huntera appeared, flying with apparent un- concern close about the heads of the spectators, and frequently alighting on the chimney beside them, on the roof at their feet, and on the railing. They appeared each day with the utmost regularity, and often remained for some time after sunset. On reading in the News of the occurrence of Feniseca larguinius at Jackson, N. H., I was reminded that I found two specimens of this but- terfly in the road at Gaerwera Falls, Wilton, N. H., last June. I captured one, but it was so old and worn that I did not keep it. There were sev- eral other small butterflies in the vicinity, which I do not doubt were of this species, though I could not identify them. Four species of butterflies which are not generally plentiful in New England are found somewhat commonly here. Papilio philenor, P. cres- phontes, Callidryas eubule and Junonia cenia. 1 have taken specimens of all, except exbule, which has been seen several times by my brothers and myself.—WIL.LiIaAM L. W. FIELD. MorE VENTURESOME INSEcTs.—The notes in the NEws for November and December by Messrs. Webster and Calvert on the singular behavior of Pyrameis atalanta, reminds me that I have seen Grapta comma act in the same way in an orchard in Manchester, N. H. Almost any afternoon’ for several weeks this butterfly could be found flitting about above the decayed apples, or sunning himself on the trunk of one of the trees. At first I thought that he was attracted by the apples, but after these were removed he came as regularly as ever. Very often he would alight on my sleeve as I stood watching him. On Star Island, Isles of Shoals, in the Summer of 1891, I was extremely interested by the actions of a Py- rameis huntera, which came every afternoon at-about 3.30 o’clock and perched upon the railing of the hotel piazza. Sometimes it even flew nearer and alighted on my chair, and once even on the book from which I was reading.—EDWARD W. Cross. NOTES ON THE FOOD-PLANT OF PAONIAS ASTYLUS Dru.—It may be of interest to some of the readers of the ENroMOLOGICAL NEws to learn _ that I found Dangleberry or Blue Tangle (Gay/ussacia frindosa) to be the — favorite food-plant of that rare Sphinx, Paonias astylus Dru., and that owing to this discovery, after many a vain search on huckleberry, I was fortunate enough to collect quite a number of larvz during the months of — August and September. Dangleberry grows abundantly in some parts of New Jersey, and is principally found in shady places on the outskirts of woods, the bushes often reaching a hight of over three feet; it can readily be recognized by the green berries dangling from a long stem and turning reddish blue late in the season. Huckleberry bushes of the va- rious species on which some of the Newark collectors always find the beautifully speckled astylus larve, were very plentiful where I did my ~ oy : 1893. | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 collecting, but I invariably found them on dangleberry only, and during season (1892) I have taken them in the following places in New Jersey, , Soho, Franklin, Eagle Rock and Greenwood Lake. —HERMANN od 43 Murray Street, N. Y. City. RESIDING upon the edge of a vdst wilderness the temptation to explore its depths cannot always be resisted, in consequence my brother and my- self with three Indian guides and packers might have been found, late in June, threading our way in birch-bark canoes through the intricate chan- nels which form the canoe paths between the Lake of the Woods, Rainy Lake and Vermilion River district, on our way back to Duluth, Minn. At Black Bay, on Rainy Lake, June tgth, we first met Papilio turnus in quantities, seemingly attracted to the vicinity of an Indian encampment by the odor of refuse of moose recently killed, whose bones, with pieces of meat attached, lay scattered about. Quite a number of éwrnus were taken upon the wing when an accidental discovery made the capture comparatively easy. Having caught a ragged specimen, which proved worthless for cabinet purposes, it was thrown upon the ground, when I observed that nearly every P. ¢wrnus as it passed circled back and hovered over the dead one which looked brilliant in the sunlight. At first I thought the brilliant spot was being mistaken for a flower, which, to a certain extent, was no doubt the case, but by placing captured specimens, just enough ‘‘ pinched” to prevent flying, of both male and female, at intervals, one could readily see that color alone was not the final attraction. The male decoy resting upon the ground with wings slightly rising and falling would attract the first P. éurnus that came within a dozen feet; a few zigzag turns and the visitor would hover over an instant, almost touching, and then depart. In the case of the female decoy, however, it was different; the same approach was made, but instead of departing, the butterfly seemed to be under the influence of a charm and would hover about, finally settling upon the ground beside the decoy. In this manner I attracted sometimes as many as a dozen about the decoy in a space not over six inches square. In crossing the ten rough portages of Vermilion River I succeeded in taking over 200 bright specimens by making decoys of the first few females caught, besides, perhaps, a hun- dred or more which were allowed to escape on being found imperfect. This experience proved of interest to me, and it may call out further facts regarding the use of ‘‘decoys’”’ by other readers.—FRANK S. DAGGETT, - Duluth, Minn. Last Spring a friend of mine living at Concord, N. H., thought he would collect a few insects at the electric lights in that city and send them to me asa surprise. He is no entomologist, and cannot tell a butterfly from a moth, so of course did not know a rare thing from the most com- mon. In due time I received a box from him containing about one hun- dred specimens of all kinds—bugs, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths, and in fact everything that comes to an electric light. As I only care for aa 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [January, > the Lepidoptera, I do not know how many other rare things there were, but among the moths I found three nearly perfect specimens of Phragma- tobia assimilans var. franconia Slosson, two males and one female. You may be sure that I was quite content to have the rest of the specimens not quite so rare, although there were several other good things in the box. I do not know when he collected them, but from the other species sent it must have been early in the season. I thought it a little strange that he should take three of /ranconia and none of the more common vubicosa.—CHAS. F. GOODHUE. Transactions American Entomological Society, vol. xix (1892), pp. 257-304 inclusive, have been printed since our November issue, and con- tain the following papers: A preliminary synopsis of the Harvest-Spider (Phalangidz) of New Hampshire, by C. M. Weed, five plates. Notes on _ North American Tachinidz, with descriptions of new species, Paper VII, and the North American genera of Calyptrate Muscidz, Papers III, IV and V, by C. H. Tyler Townsend. A synoptical arrangement of the _ genera of North American Jassidz, by E. P. Van Duzee. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Bntomological Literature. Nore.—Until within the past few months, it has been usual to include in this Department of Entomological Literature, notices of the contents. of adi entomological publications received here. This course has resulted in occupying a larger number of pages than seems for the good of ‘the News. It is now intended not to publish notices of papers treating ex- clusively of entomological subjects which have very little or no bearing upon American insects. Exceptions, of course, will be made in favor of monographs. Anatomical, physiological and embryologieal papers will be noticed as heretofore. This note will explain the omission of, or very slight reference to the contents of various foreign journals. Special at- tention will be given to American journals and papers, but the complete- ness of this record will depend on the extent to which authors, editors and publishers transmit their publications to this Academy, or to the” American Entomological Society.—P. P. C. oe ge it . 1893. | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 17 THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History (6), No. 59, Lon- don, November, 1892.—New and obscure British spiders,* Rev. F. O. Pickard-Cambridge. ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER, V, 3, 4, Jena, Oct. 20, 1892.—An endeavor to show that the tracheze of the Arthropoda arose from setiparous sacs, H. M. Bernard, 3 figs.; vi, 4, Oct. 29, 1892. On the ancestral history of the Papilionidz, A. Spuler, 2 pls. : SciENcE, New York, Nov. 18, 1892.—Flight of Archippus, E. T. Dum- ble. Codling-moth statistics, F. L. Wasburn. Dec. 2, 1892.—-On the use of the compound eye of insects, R. T. Lewis. JOURNAL OF THE AsIATIC SocIETY OF BENGAL, Ixi, pt. ii, 2, Calcutta, 1892.—Catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental region; parts ii and iii, J. M. F. Bigot. BOLLETINO DEI MUSEI DI ZOOLOGIA ED ANATOMIA COMPARATA D. R. UNIVERSITA DI TORINO, vii, 152, Oct. 20, 1892.—Diagnoses of new spe- cies of Diptera: Syrphidz and Conopide from Mexico, Dr. E. Giglio-Tos. ‘ ANALES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA ARGENTINA, Xxxiii, 5, Buenos: Aires, May, 1892.—Funeral discourse on Dr. Herman Burmeister. Dr. J. Balestra, Minister of Public Instruction. New Hemiptera of the Argen- tine and Uruguayan faunas,* Dr. C. Berg. Argentine Cipteronrey (Syr- phidz) (cont. ), F. L. Arribalzaga. THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HorTICULTURAL SOCIETY, xiv, London, October, 1892.—Report on the Conifer Conference held at the Chiswick Gardens, Oct. 7 and 8, 1891: Insects injurious to Conifer, W. F. H. Blandford. MEMOIRS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE MANCHESTER LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL Society (4), v, 2, 1891-92.—On iridescent colors and a method of examining iridescent objects, birds, insects, minerals, etc., so as to ensure uniformity in their description, A. Hodgkinson. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, XXXVi, Io, Brussels, 1892.—The collections of Articulates in the Musée Royal d’ His- toire Naturelle de Belgique; G. Severin; the aquatic Coleoptera. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xviii, 20, 21, Berlin, Oct.-Nov., 1892. —The Anthomyidz of the Fallen- Zetterstedt collection [at andy P. Stein. CATALOGUE OF EASTERN AND AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA Heterocera in the collection of the Oxford University Museum by Col. C. Swinhoe. Part I. Sphinges and Bombyces; with 8 plates. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1892, pp. vili, 324; 1425 species are listed, including new ones. * Contains new species other than North American. [* 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. : " [January, CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bulletin. 44, Ithaca, N. Y., October, 1892.—The pear-tree Po M. V. Slinger- land, figs. Zor, San Francisco, Cal., October, 1892.—On a leaf-miner of Populus Fremonti, C. H. T. Townsend. Notes on two Mexican species of Cero- plastes, with a record of parasites reared from one, id. Notes on the ~ butterflies of Yosemite Valley, E. C. Van Dyke. Notes on some Califor- nian Cistelidz, F. E. Blaisdell. Insects of Catalina Island, F. A. Seavey. NaTvrE, I ondon; Nov. 17, 1892.—On the walking of Arthropoda, H. M. Dixon, figs. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INVERTEBRATA by A. B. Griffiths, Ph. D,, ete, New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1892, pp. xvi, 477, 81 figs. THE. ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD, London, Nov. 15, 1892 —The genus Acronycta and its allies (cont.), Dr. T. A. Chapman. Male [Leucoma salicis} copulating more than once, F. B. Newnham. The ova state of Geometre, F. J. Buckell. INsEcT LIFE, v, 2, Washington, November, 1892.—Twenty-five papers, etc., read at the fourth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists at Rochester, N. Y., Aug. 15 and 16, 1892, some of which are: Hypoderas columba, D. S. Kellicott. Notes on Aegeridz of central Ohio, ii, id. The possible and actual influence of irrigation on insect in-— jury in New Mexico, C. H. T. Townsend. A new enemy to Timothy grass [ Oncognathus binotatus F.], L.O. Howard. Notes on plant faune, T. D. A. Cockerell. The usual large amount of interesting notes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1892, iii, Oct. 1, 1892.—Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from — Brazil, Mexico and Peru, ii,*+ W. Schaus. A list of the Lyczenidze of the South Pacific islands east of the Solomon group, with descriptions of several new species,* H. H. Druce, 1 pl. ACTES DE LA SOCIETE SCIENTIFIQUE DU CHILI, ii, 1, Santiago, July, 1892.—Latrodectus formidabilis of Chili, F. P. Borne. BULLETIN OF THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT, Jamaica, No. 36: King- ston, October, 1892.—Coccidz, or scale insects, T. D. A. Cockerell. THE AMERICAN NATURALIST, Philadelphia, December. 1892. —The e striped harvest-spider: A study in variation, C. M. Weed, 3 pls. The functions of the nervous system of the Myriapoda, C. M. Child. . s ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, Ixv, 3, Leipsic, 1892.—Two Hymenopterous hermaphrodites, Dr. R. Krieger. On the presence of — fossil ‘‘ Riickenschwimmer’’ (ofonectes) in the Braunkohl of — Dr. D. v. Schlechtendal. o. * Contains new species other than North American. ¢ Contains new genera. — . a 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19 PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TASMANIA for 1890, Hobart, 1891.—On new species of Tasmanian Araneide, A. T. Urquhart. Tuer ZOOLOGICAL RECORD, volume the twenty-eighth, being records of zoological literature relating chiefly to the year 1891, . . . . edited by D. Sharp. London: Guerney & Jackson, MDCCCXCII. Arachnida, Myriopoda and Prototracheata, R. I. Pocock. Insecta, D. Sharp. Die SpINNEN AMERIKAS—Epeiride—von Graf. E. Keyserling nach dessen Tode herausgegeben von Dr. George Marx, iv, Bd. 1. Niirnberg, 1892. Verlag von Bauer and Raspe (Emil Kuester), pp. viii, 208, 9 pls. REISEN IN DER ARCHIPEL DER PHILIPPINEN von Dr. C. Semper, Zwei- ter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate, v, 7.—The butterflies of the Phil- ippine Islands, G. Semper, pp. 271-380, taf. xlvii-xlix, Wiesbaden, C. W. Kreidel’s Verlag, 1892. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Leipsic, Nov. 28, 1892.—Biological note [on a dipter with Pseudoscorpions attached], Dr. F. von Wagner. Rules of nomenclature adopted by the zoological congress at Moscow, R. Blanchard. Tur Orrawa NaturAList, Dec., 1892.—Clothes moths, J. Fletcher, figs. A MonoGRAPH OF ORIENTAL CICADID& by W. L. Distant. Published by order of the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Pt. vii, pp. 145-158, pl. xv. Title page, Index, Preface. London, Calcutta, Berlin, August, 1892. LeprpoprerA INDICA by F. Moore. Pt. xi, pp. 241-272, pls. 79-86. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1892. PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALEs (2) vii, 1, Sidney, Sept. 1, 1892.—Notes on the subfamily Broscini (Carab- idz),*+ T. G. Sloane. Notes on Australian Coleoptera (Carabide),*f Rev. T. Blackburn. Notes on Australian Cynipide,* W. W. Froggatt. Les ACARIENS PARASITES par P. Megnin, Paris, Gauthier-Villars et fils, G. Masson, pp. 183, 40 figs., small 8vo.—This undated volume forms one of the series ‘‘ Encyclopedie Scientifique des Aide-Memoire’”’ pub- lished under the direction of M. Leaute, member of the Institute. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, London, December, 1892. —Practical hints on-sugaring, W. Holland, G. B. Longstaff. Coccids in Ants’ nests, W. W. Smith. THE ButTrerRFLies OF NortH AMERICA, with colored drawings and descriptions, by W. H. Edwards. Third series, part xiii, Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1892. Treats of Chionobas chryxus, ca lais, jutta, crambis, Brucei. * Contains new species other than North American. 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [ January, THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus, by Samuel H. Scudder. From — Psyche, June, 1892, pp. 265-274; July, !1892, pp. 285-288; August, 1892, pp. 301-304; September, 1892, pp. 317-320; October, 1892, pp. 333-336; November, 1892, pp. 347-350; December, 1892, pp. 359-363. COLEOPTEROLOGICAL NotIcEs, iv, by Thos. L, Casey. From Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vi, pp. 360-712. : Common INyuRIous INSEcTs oF Kansas, by Vernon L. Kellogg, Uni- versity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan., 1892, pp. viii, 126, 61 figs. — NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS DESCRIBED IN THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. LEPIDOPTERA. ‘ Aegeria rubristigma D.S. Kellicott; Insect Life, v, p. 84, Ohio. ARACHNIDA. Epeiride: n. gen. and species, Keyserling and Marx, Die Spinnen Amerikas, iv, pp. 1-208. ORTHOPTERA. Hippiscus, 20 n. sp., Sticthippus n. subg., Scudder, Psyche, 1. c. COLEOPTERA. . Rhyachophorse numerous new sp. and gen., Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. vi, pp. 360-712. A STREAM near Tucson, Ariz., petrifies all soft substances thrown into it. It is in the great Colorado potato beetle belt, and at the time of their — migrations thousands of them strike the water and are converted into stone.—American Farmer. "3 £ Mr. H. Devaux has been making interesting experiments © on the sense of taste in ants. Among other results he -has found that Zasius flavus, while fond of sugar, dislikes saccharine. The ants swarmed around sugar laid out for them, but turned away from saccharine as soon as they tasted It. Even sugar became unpleasant to them when it was mixed with sac- charine. It seems, therefore, that sweetness is not the only quality which attracts them to sugar.— Nature. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21 The Entomological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. OCTOBER .27, 1892. Meeting called at 8.20 p.m., Dr. Horn, Director, presiding. Members present: Horn, Laurent, Welles, Skinner, Ridings, E. T. Cresson, G. B. Cresson, Martindale, Johnson. Associates: Haimbach, Westcott, Fox, Nell, Calvert. The Director announced the death of Captain William 5. - Pine on Oct. 4, 1892, in the eighty-third year of his age. Captain Pine was one of the oldest members of the American Entomological Society. The Publication Committee reported in favor of the publication of the following papers: A Synopsis of the Subfamilies and Genera of North American Membracidz, by F. W. Goding, M.D., and A Preliminary Synopsis of the Harvest-Spiders (Phalangidz) of New Hampshire, by Clarence M. Weed. Mr. P. Calvert presented to the cabinet of the So- ciety forty-three specimens of American and European Odonata not before represented in the collection. Mr. Laurent exhibited the Coleoptera he had collectéd in Mitchell County, North Carolina, during two weeks in July of the past Summer. The speaker said that owing to the elevation, over 3000 feet, the species were nearly all Northern. The collection made numbered about 1400 specimens and 225 species. Cychrus canadensis was one of the interesting species taken. Dr. Horn, in commenting on the collection, said such collections have great value in the study of geo- graphical distribution. He also remarked that there is a form of Lepiura vittata with yellow elytra which might deceive those not knowing of such a variety. Dr. Skinner exhibited the Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Lau- - rent and himself in Mitchell County, N.C. Dr. Horn stated that he wrote to a friend in England that Zuperus is not represented here in America, and his English friend took exception to the statement, and sent him specimens representing Zuperus and Luperoides to convince him to the contrary, but they only confirmed his previous statement. ‘Mr. Charles Boerner was duly elected an associate of the Section. NovEMBER 17, 1892. Dr. Horn, Director, presiding. Members present: Horn, Ridings, Laurent, Skinner and Liebeck. Associates: Calvert, Fox, Boerner, Dr. Castle and Mr. Wenzel. The Publication Committee reported in favor of publishing the following: The North American Genera of Calyptrate Muscide, by C. H. Tyler Townsend. North American Tachinide, with descriptions of new species, by C. H. Tyler Townsend. The North American Pemphredonidze, by Wm. J. Fox. Dr. Horn stated that he was still studying the Galerucini. Two species had given trouble to sepa- rate that differed principally in color markings, yet are very distinct. They are zotata and notulata. The differences were pointed out by the s 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, aid of drawings on the blackboard. Mr. Liebeck reported the capture of Onthophagus nuchicornis by Mr. Sheriff at Boston. Mr. Wenzel said he had found Phytonomus punctatus in abundance in West Philadelphia three years ‘ago. He also mentioned having found O. muchicornis in carrion. Mr. Wenzel presented four photographs to the Society, among them was of his grandfather, Henry Feldman, a well-known Philadelphia entomologist of the older generation. The flourishing Feldman Collect- ing Club was named after him. Mr. P. P. Calvert was unanimously elected a member of the Section. DECEMBER 12, 1892. The annual and business meeting was held this evening, Mr. Ridings presiding, owing to the absence of Dr. Horn, Director, on account of illness. Members present: Liebeck, G. B. Cresson, E. T. Cresson, John= son, Welles, Calvert, Ridings, Skinner and Martindale. Associates; Fox, Westcott. Mr. G. C. Davis, of Agricultural College of Michigan, visitor. The following were presented to the cabinet: specimens of Cryptocephalus badius by Mr. H. W. Wenzel, and one male Gomphus intricatus by Mr. C. H. Tyler Townsend. At the election the following were elected officers for the ensuing year: Director, GEO. H. HORN. Vice-Director, 1. C. MARTINDALE, Recorder, HENRY SKINNER. Conservator, HENRY SKINNER. Publication Committee, J. H. RIDINGS, P. LAURENT. . The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws: SOME NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. By W. J. Hoxxanp, Ph.D., Pittsburgh. LYCAENIDA. TINGRA Boisd. 1. T. glageessa sp. nov. ¢'.—Allied to 7. abraxas Westw. and 7. macu- Zata Smith and Kirby, from which it may readily be distinguished by the. fact that it has no black marks whatever upon the outer margin of the wings. It is uniformly pure white, except at the base of the primaries upon the upperside, which are slightly. tinged with yellow. The only black marking is a small round spot at the end of the cell upon the pri- maries and secondaries. Expanse 35 mm. Hab.—Talaguga, Upper Valley of the Ogove. 1893. | ENTQMOLOGICAL NEWs. 23 2. T. limbata sp. nov. 2.—Allied to 7. maculata Kirby, but readily distinguished from that species by the very heavy black border on the primaries and the outer margin of the secondaries, which is not interrupted as in 7. maculata by large white spots at the extremities of the intraneural folds. Upperside: The anterior wings are irrorated with blackish scales upon the costa, and have three small black spots above the cell near the costa about the middle and a black spot at the end of the cell. The outer third of the wing is broadly black, the inner margin of this black band being excavated above the third median and produced inwardly upon the second and third median nervules. The band terminates at the outer margin is very slightly edged with white. The secondaries have a black spot at the end of the cell and one above it near the costa, and a submar- ginal series of smaller spots upon the interspaces parallel to the outer margin. The cuter margin from outer to inner angle is broadly margined with black slightly interrupted with white on the interspaces at the ends of the folds. Underside: The underside is white, with the bases suffused with light orange. There is a smal] black spot in the middle and a large _ black spot at the end of the cell of the primaries, and the three black spots, which appear upon the upperside above the cell near the costa, re- appear upon the underside. Beyond the cell on the primaries, there is a series of six black spots diminishing in size from the costa and terminating upon the space between the first and second median nervules. From the costa there extends a submarginal series of black spots, seven or eight in number, largest near the apex. The extremities of the nervules are marked by triangular black spots. The secondaries have a black spot at the end of the cell and curved limbal series of eight black spots sweeping around from before the middle of the costa to above the anal angle. This is followed by a series of six larger black spots extending from the outer angle to the anal angle. The ends of the nervules, as on the primaries, are tipped with triangular black marks. Expanse 43 mm. Hab.—Kangwé, Ogové Valley. This is a well-marked species, and is easily distinguished from all others allied to it. 3. T. amenaidoides sp. nov.—Allied to 7. amenaida Hew. Upperside: The upperside is red; the costa clouded with blackish scales; three black spots above the cell parallel to the costa, a small black spot in the middle and a large black spot at the end of the cell, and a very small spot below the cell between the first and second median nervules. The apex is broadly black from the outer third of the costa to the second median nervule. The outer margin is narrowly edged with black below this. The secondaries have a large black spot at the end of the cell and a small black spot beyond it near the outer margin, which is narrowly fringed with black. Underside: The underside is red, with the costal margin, the apex of the primaries, and the’entire surface of the secondaries irrorated with grayish scales. The marks about the cell of the primaries reappear e 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, upon the underside, and in addition there is an irregularly curved series of five small black spots extending from the costa to the second median interspace, and a very faint subapical series of four small spots on this wing. The secondaries have a small black spot at the base, one at the middle, and another at the end of the cell; one below the cell on the first median interspace and one above the cell before the middle of the costa; in addition a submarginal series of eight spots parallel to the outer mar- gin. There is‘a very faint marginal black line on both the primaries and — secondaries, and the fringe, which is grayish, is checked at the end of the nervules with black. 2.—The female is marked very much as the male, but has a submar- ginal series of spots upon the upper and lower sides of both wings. In one example before me the black apical band of the primaries is reduced to a mere fringe. Expanse: 7 > 7" 12. Aphneus argenteola Holl, Psyche, November, 1890. cee , 13. Aphneus orcas Drury. . as 27 Pat ieietas 14. Aphneus propinguus Holl., sp. nov. abe ee “15. Aphneus argyroeyelas Holl. , Psyche, November, 1890. A Sie Oo COLORADO CYNIPIDA.—Part IL C. P. GILLETTE, Fort Collins, Colorado. “ ACRASPIS. ag A. undulata n. sp. ‘ Galls resembling those of Mr. Bassett’s 4. macrocarpe were © found common on the leaves of Quercus undulata at Manitou, Col., on June 3oth of this year. The inmates of the galls were — mature at that time, and would run about when cut out. Up to Ent. News, Vol. IV. Pi--1. ow ™ a 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29 this date (November 19th) none of the flies have gnawed their way out of the galls, but a considerable number have been re- moved by the aid of a pocket-knife. As the galls have been kept in a warm room since the last of September, it seems prob- able that the flies do not emerge in the natural state before Spring, whereas A. macrocarpe emerges in the fall. The flies differ from macrocarpe by having the third joint of the antenna but very little longer than the first and second together, by hav- ing abortive wings not more than three-fourths as long as the thorax, by having the abdomen globular, not compressed, and by varying from 2.5—3 mm. in length. Specimens of macro- carpe in my collection reared from galls upon Quercus macro- carpa in Iowa all have the sides of the front, the lateral margins of the mesonotum and the sides of the scutellum decidedly ru- fous. In undulata all of these parts are black, as is the entire insect, except a little rufous coloration on the tips of the coxa and at the joints of the feet. Described from nineteen specimens. cut from the galls, all alive and active, and apparently fully mature. HOLCASPIS. H. rubens n. sp. Galls.—The galls are globular, from 1o—14 mm. in diameter, composed of a dense corky substance, each with a single larval cell that is easily detached from the surrounding’ portions, at- tached singly to small twigs. They have either a smooth or rough exterior, and are of a light straw color, usually consider- ably tinted with red. They resemble very closely the galls of Holcaspis rugosa Bass. The flies, however, are very different. Gaill-flies.--General color rufous, with lines over the base of the wings; two parallel lines on anterior portion of mesonotum, line at base of scu- tellum, sutures of thorax and sternum, black. Head small; face hairy and coarsely punctured; sutures surrounding clypeus, tips of mandibles, usually the terminal joints of the labial and maxillary palpi, pits for the insertion of the antennz, eyes and ocelli black; antennz 14-jointed, ru- fous, shading into black towards the tip. Zora and scutellum coarsely punctured and hairy; parapsidal grooves distinct, but extending only about half way from the scutellum to the prothorax. In some specimens. the black lines of the mesonotum are dim or wanting, while in others. they are heavy, the two parallel lines often coalescing; scutellum with shallow groove and no fovez at base; metathorax black. Abdomen pol- ished, with hairs upon the sides of the second segment, ovipositor sheaths black, a characteristic black dash across the venter, general color rufous, 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, but in a few specimens the color is quite dark. Fee¢ rufous and hairy, with coxz and tarsi more or less infuscate. Wings 5.5 mm long, areolet large, radial nervure thickened at tip and not attaining’ the costa and the cubital nervure not attaining the first transverse. Described from upwards of fifty specimens, all females, reared from galls taken at Manitou, Col., Sept. 30, 1892. The flies began to emerge from the galls October 20th. H. monticola n. sp. Galls.—Dense cellular growths, rather cylindrical in form, but a little smaller at the base than at the free end and somewhat compressed laterally, the diameter in the direction of the twig being somewhat greater than the transverse diameter. The free: end is usually rounded, but may be flat, slightly compressed or with a blunt elevated point. They are attached by a broad base in cup-like expansions of the small twigs. The largest galls will measure one-fourth of an inch in greatest diameter by the same in hight. They are black and dirty on the outer end on account of the accumulation of the dirt in the sweet substance which they secrete during growth. They are of a yellowish or greenish brown at the sides, the color being quite light at the base of the galls. A few of the two or three hundred galls that I have are reddish in color at the sides. Although the outer substance of the galls is yery dense, the central cell is easily separated from it, and it seems large in proportion to the size of the gall. The galls are exceedingly abundant on scrub oaks at Manitou, Col., and the galls are much visited by wasps and honey bees for the sweet which they secrete. Gall-fly.—Black, tinged with rufous on head, thorax and legs. Length 3.5—4 mm. Aead small, face rugose, somewhat striate between the eyes and mouth, sparsely haired, vertex finely rugose, ocelli inconspicuous and surrounded by a black area; antennz black, 13-jointed, third joint a little longer than the first and second together, fourth joint about equal to the third, terminal joint as long as the two preceding, and all joints rather sparsely haired for Holcaspis. Thorax rather coarsely punctured, the punctures giving rise to hairs that form a sparse pubescence; parapsidal grooves distinct, but narrow, and only reaching about one-half of the dis- tance from the scutellum to the prothorax. The two parallel lines from the collar and the lines over the base of the wings are very distinct; scu- tellum broadly rounded posteriorly and with a shallow groove at base. Abdomen black, polished, second segment with fine gray pubescence on either side near the base. Wings 5 mm. long, hyaline, nervures slender, areolet large. Feet blackish, tinged with rufous, often appearing quite ufous if held in the proper light, moderately pubescent. r i ii 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31 Described from twenty-five flies, all females, reared from galls taken at Manitou, Col., Sept: 30, 1892. Flies began emerging from the galls November roth. H. brevipennata n. sp. Galls globular, from 1—1.5 centimeters in diameter, attached singly to the underside and always near the margin of the leaves of Quercus undulata. The central cell is held in place by a rather abundant growth of frail radiating fibres, more or less branched towards their outer ends. The outer shell is very thin, and is of a straw color more or less stained with rusty-brown. The species seems to be badly parasitized, as twenty galls taken at Manitou, Col., September 30th, gave but two of the gall-flies, and these I cut from their cells. Gall-flies.—Rufous, 3.5 mm. in length, wings not quite attaining the tip of the abdomen. The only black parts are the eyes, ocelli, two or three joints at the tip of the antenna and the almost black color of the terminal _ segments of the abdomen. In one specimen the head is quite dark, in- dicating that in some specimens it might be almost black. Head rugose, sparsely set with gray pubescence; antennz 13-jointed, third joint slightly longer than the fourth, and fully as long as the four terminal ones together. Thorax rugose-punctate, not very densely haired, parapsides very dis- tinct and extending the whole length of the mesothorax, middle groove absent; scutellum rather coarsely rugose and with two shallow fovez at base. Abdomen globular, second segment covering fully two-thirds of the dorsum and sparsely pubescent at the sides, the hairs arising from small punctures, ovipositor sheaths very short. Fee¢ uniformly rufous and quite hairy. Wings not quite reaching the tip of the abdomen, ner- vures black, the transverse and radial ones being specially heavy and smoky along their margin. In the apical cell are two dusky patches, one near the tip and one under the radial nerve near the base, areolet wanting. Described from two females, both alive and active; cut from the galls October 31st. LY Uv A NEW ICHNEUMONID. G. C. Davis, Agricultural College, Michigan. While out collecting one day last Summer I happened to spy a very odd looking parasite crawling over the leaves of a low bush in the oak woods near the college. It looked odd because it had only small stubs instead of well developed wings. At the first glance the wings appeared to have been injured, or perhaps 32 3 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | January, not properly expanded when the insect issued from the pupa case, but a closer examination showed both to be untrue. They prove to be naturally well formed, what there is of them, and are but dwarfed, abortive and useless. Upon investigation I find the species is undescribed and te longs to the genus 4ffeszs. In our fauna there is only one other species known of these subwinged Ichneumonids, and that seems to be rare. While they probably are not as common as the en- tirely wingless species, they no doubt are made more rare by col- lectors discarding them with the injured and imperfect material as a part of it. The wingless forms are so diStinctly different that they are seldom overlooked, but the partially winged ones | are liable to deceive a person, and collectors should be on the watch for such forms. I append the following description: Aptesis major n. sp. 2.—Dull black; head large, broader than the tho- rax, finely punctured; ocelli distinct, glassy; mandibles black, with ex- ternal dull ferruginous spot; labial palpi black, maxillary palpi long, light brown; antennz long filiform, the first three joints of the flagellum form- ing fully one-third of the length, scape and first two joints of flagellum rufous, remainder dark brown, except joints 4-8, which are white, except a narrow stripe beneath; pro- and mesothorax shining, slightly punctured; parapsidal grooves distinct; metathorax broad, quadrate, flat and gener- ally sloping behind; smooth, except that it is densely and rather coarsely punctured; scutellum and blunt tubercles on metathorax dull rufous; most of femora and tibiz on posterior legs dusky; remainder of legs rufous, except trochanters, which are much lighter; abdomen elliptical, finely punctured; petiole smooth and flat above, margined, greatly expanded near the tip; last half of third, the following segments and ovipositor black, remaining segments rufous; ovipositor exserted nearly the length of the abdomen; winglets reach nearly to the tip of the metathorax, ner- vures developed to the stigma; base of nervures and tegulz fulvous. Length 4 mm. One specimen, taken at Agricultural College, Michigan. a ee 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33 SYNONYMIC AND STRUCTURAL NOTES. By Harrison G. Dyar. The genera of the Notodontide with a tuft on the internal margin of primaries (excluding Lanassa) may be distinguished as follows: ; Primaries with an accessory cell. Antenne of ¢ pectinated; eyesnaked . . .. . . . Notodonta. Antenne simple; eyeshairy . .. . . . . . . . Lophopteryx. Primaries without accessory cell. Antenne of f' pectinated. . . . .. .. =. +. +. . . Pheosia. Antenne simple, ciliate . . . Fog heared way = Re According to these characters the species fall in as below: Notodonta Ochs. Pheosia Hiib. N. Grt. P. dimidiata H.-S. N. Behr. vimosa Pack. N. elegans Strk. californica Str. var. grisea Strk. P. portlandia Hy. Edw. notaria Hy. Edw. a descheret Neum. - N. georgica H.-S. . Simplaria Graef. ’ ‘ BD a mena Walk. Lo Steph. phodonta Pack. eet ie Harv. L. ferruginea Pack. j L. angulosa S. & A. According to superficial resemblance in size, shape and pattern of markings they would stand: Notodonta. Pheosia. N. stragula. P. dimidiata. N. ca. P. portlandia. N. ca. P. elegans. N. ens var. grisea. i mts? a Lophodonta. 5 cana. L. ferruginea. L. angulosa. L. simplaria. It will be noticed that neither of these arrangements has been used in any of our lists, and it would appear as if neither struc- ture nor superficial resemblance was considered essential for ge- neric definition. I have not been able to examine Drynodia tortuosa Tepper. The species associated under Heferocampa are much alike in structure, but their larvze differ so much that it may be thought advisable to break up the genus. This might be done as follows: Heterocampa Doubleday. H. astarte Doubl. (type). menas Harr. varia Walk. With this would go odligua, lunata, subrotata and celtiphaga. y** 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, Lochmzus Doubleday. : Tadana Walk. L. manteo Doubl. (type). cinerascens Walk. subalbicans Grt. D ~ Cecrita Walk. ‘ C. guttivitta Walk. (type). albiplaga Walk. indeterminata Walk. mucorea H.-S. C. biundata Walk. olivatus Pack. viridescens Walk. and probably the names pulverea G. & R., semiplaga Walk., umbrata Walk. and athereo Harr., which I have not satisfactorily determined. ei ne Walk. M. cinerea Pack. (type). unicolor Pack. marina Pack. sobria Walk, Doubledayi Scudd. The antenne will sufficiently distinguish this genus only the terminal four joints being bare of pectinations. Macrurocampa n. gen.—Head moderate, retracted; eyes large, naked; palpi scarcely exceeding the front. Thorax wider than long; abdomen exceeding secondaries; ¢f' antennz bipectinate for the basal 38 joints, the pectinations longest centrally; the terminal 15 joints bare; fore wings 12- veined; median vein. 3-branched, veins 3 and 4 arising close together; cell closed by a concave cross-vein, from which arises vein 5 slightly above the middle; veins 6 to to on a stalk out of the apex of the discal cell; no — accessory cell, or a very narrow one reaching from discal cell to the origin of vein 7 (which is half way to the apex of the wing) showing a tendency to be obsolete. Vein 11 arises from the subcostal about one-fifth its length from end of cell; costa straight, apex subacute, outer margin convex. Wings more than twice as long as broad; secondaries with two internal veins; median 3-branched,.3 and 4 arising together from lower corner of. cell; cell closed by a concave cross-vein, from which 5 arises a little above the middle; 6 and 7 on a short stalk from the upper corner of cell; 8 runs close to the subcostal till just before the end of the cell; it is slightly sinuate, approaching the subcostal most nearly along the middle of the cell. The wing is ovate, evenly rounded; hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs. Type, octua marthesta Cramer. M. marthesia Cram. turbida Walk. tessella Pack. elongata G. & R. The genus is distinguished by the very narrow obsolete acces- sory cell, often wanting, and by the structure of the larva, which bears a pair of long tails, even longer than those of Cerura. 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - 35 The other species of Heferocampa included in Prof. Smith’s jist are unknown to me. They are Chapmani Grt., superba Hy. Edw.. thyatiroides Walk., mollis Walk. and nigrosignata Walk. Hi. nigroscripta Walk. is said by Mr. Kirby to be 7hiacidas postica from India, hence wrongly included in the list, and, finally, H. nivea Neum. is a Cerura, and has been redescribed by myself as C. meridionalis (Psyche, vi, 291). Arctia minea Slosson. I have examined the types in the collection of Mrs. Slosson. They are normally marked A. michado Grt., but differ in the red, fiery tint of the pale marks which, in mzchado, are usually of a pink tint. The name is probably worthy of varietal rank. Ceruridia Slossonii Packard. I am also indebted to Mrs. Slosson for the opportunity to ex- amine this curious form. ° It is, with only slight doubt, a female of Gluphisia avimacula Hudson, of which the yellow shades are replaced by black. This variation is common in the genus; I have seen it in G. severa and the common G. ¢rilineata, though these forms have not received names. The generic name Cerz- vidia is the same as Melia Neum. if my determination of the moth is correct. Both names appear to me unwarranted, as the moths do not differ in structure from G/uphisia, and the larve are identical in form and in pattern of markings. The species are somewhat larger than G/uphisza proper, but the pectinations of the & antennz are no longer in proportion. The species to which the names are applicable are: G. Lintneri Grote. G. severa Hy. Edw. Danbyi Neum. (type of A/e/ia). G. avimacula Hudson. Slossonii Packard (type of Ceruridia). The Bombycidz of Prof. Smith’s list are a very heterogeneous assemblage. The genera Psexdohazis and Hemileuca undoubt- edly belong to the Saturniide. This family has been too closely restricted by Prof. Smith. The females of some of the species which he has included show gradations to the simply bipectinate antennze, as do some of the moths in having the two sets of pec- tinations of unequal length, and it is but a natural step to Pseu- dohazis and Hemileuca, which are otherwise the same in the structure and in the larva. They are totally dissimilar to the other species, which are all true Lasiocampidz, with the possible exception of Thauma ribis, which I have not examined. Quad- 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, rina diazoma is correctly referred here, though Mr. Kirby, fol- lowing Prof. Smith’s published opinion, has placed it among the Zeuzeride. There are no Bombycidz in North America, uiilesd Bombyx mori Linn. has really been domesticated, as is alleged. Family LACOSOMIDZE. I propose this name for Lacosoma and the allied genera. These have been associated with the Psydridz on the ground of larval habits, but they are different in the structure of the moths. A good family character is afforded by the position of vein 8 of the hind wings, which is not united to the subcostal by a cross-vein, but runs free and remote from it, much as in the Saturniide. These genera have been placed in the Drepanulide by Mr. Kirby, but on superficial resemblance only, which renders the reference doubly unfortunate. The genus Azzarctia Hib. being restricted to South Amped forms in Kirby’s Catalogue, the North American species must be variously distributed. 4. rufula Boisd. will go to Spilosoma, and will stand as follows, as none of the names seem worthy of varietal rank: Spilosoma rufula Boisduval. punctata Pack. proba Hy. Edw. vagans Boisd. pleridis Hy. Edw. A. Beanit and A. Brucei are structurally near to Spalesiitias but differ in minor points and markedly in coloration. They will probably form a new genus when further studied. A. rubra Neum. differs from all the other species in lacking the middle spurs of the hind tibiz. It superficially resembles Phragmatobia, but differs in wing shape and in the pectinated antenne. Elpis n. gen.—Head retracted, tongue short, palpi obliquely descending, eyes naked, § antenne moderately bipectinate to the tips. Thorax as broad as long; abdomen short, conic, scarcely exceeding secondaries; posterior tibize with a pair of short apical spurs. Venation of Phragma- tobia on both wings; costa of fore wings slightly convex, apex acute, outer margin straight, the anal angle rounded. Wing more than twice as long as broad; hind wings elongate-ovate, less triangular than in Phragmatobia. Type, Antarctia rubra Neum. E. rubra Neum. var. Walsinghami Butl. The species inhabits the western part of Oregon and Wash- ington, doubtless extending its range into British Columbia. ENTOMOLOGICAL News for December was mailed December 2, 1892. Ent. News, Vol. IV. Pi. II. ISAAC C. MARTINDALE. ey “ + eae ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, VOL, IV. FEBRUARY, 1893. No. 2. CONTENTS: Obituary notice of Isaac C. Martindale 37 | Entomological Literature.................0 55: Smith—Elementary Entomology.......... 39 | Entomological Section. ..,.....sscesceereseee 59 Cockerell—Entomology of Colorado... 42 | Holland—New African Nyctemeridz IE alasecacccnss 00002008) sdaccenencenvesena 46 PAE G PATIAEE rox ssne scgated sos sastpvaassbesoe 59 ~ Economic Entomology....ss.-sseessccsseereee 47 | Skinner—A new EudamuB............ceseee 64 Notes and NewS......s01-seereeeee All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editor of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1893. It has been suggested that we should publish more reports of captures and local lists, after the manner of the English entomological journals. We are perfectly willing to do so, and trust our readers and subscribers who think such notes would be interesting, will send a supply for each month. This has been done to a very limited extent in entomological journals published on this side of the ‘‘ great pond,”’ and the reason is not far to seek. The conditions of affairs here as compared, for instance, with England are very different; we have an area of 3,605,000 square miles in which we collect, and the area of England and Wales is but 58,000 square miles. Moreover, there are perhaps fifty entomologists in England to each one in the United States. We also have many more species to look after, and it is a matter of very small moment to an American col- lector if he takes a common butterfly, but our English friend immediately reports it to his journal. On looking over an English entomological journal one will find it largely made up of notes of captures, local lists, items of interest to collectors, and similar affairs. Perhaps a number of people will report captures of Colias hyale and Colias edusa; now, if we should do the same, and every bug hunter should report the capture of Colias philodice in our immense territory, it would take up almost a whole issue of the News to contain it all. There is a happy medium in every- thing, and while we do not é€xpect to see these local reports carried out to the same extent as abroad, on account of the conditions being so very different, yet we might have very much more of it done here in America, so send in your reports and we will do the rest. Pictures for the album of the American Entomological Society have been received from William Beutenmiiller, W. H. Edwards, H. H. Ly- man, Dr. F. W. Goding, James Angus, Dr. S. W. Williston and E. B-. Southwick. We still want all we can get. 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. Common Injurious Insects of Kansas, is the title of a 126-page pamphlet, by Vernon L. Kellogg, M.S., issued at the University of Kansas. It is prefaced by a very brief and very general account of the life-history of an insect, and the division into biting and sucking forms is made. Four pages treat of the more usual insecticides and their range, and less than two pages are devoted to ‘‘spraying and dusting.’”’ Then follow the ac- counts of the injurious insects, grouped under the crops attacked by them and in the order of their importance; thus the Chinch bug appropriately heads the list. The treatment of each species is necessarily brief, and the remedies to be adopted are also very briefly mentioned. In all, fifty-nine species are described, and these are illustrated by sixty-one figures. To each account “Kansas Notes’’ are added, referring to observations made in that State. The pamphlet will be very useful, no doubt, and forms a convenient little book for farmers and fruit growers to have about. It has one disadvantage, common to all publications of that character, it becomes antiquated in large part with such astonishing rapidity. Already, when just off the press, I note that, for some insects, better and more practical or effective means have been recommended than those mentioned in the book; and yet I have no doubt it represents in most cases the state of our knowledge when it was dated, less than three months ago. Of the illustrations, a fair proportion are the well known and always excellent figures from Dr. Riley’s Reports; a few are from other sources, but perhaps the majority are original, or are re-drawn. Line has been used almost exclusively, and the result is not good in most cases. All the re-drawn figures are inferior to the originals, and the new figures, while recognizable in most cases, leave much to be desired. Digestive System of Orthoptera.—Some words in Mr. Kellogg’s intro- ductory remarks give food for thought. He says: ‘‘ For the intelligent — application of insecticides (insect-killing substances), some little should be known of the general economy of insect life, and that little may be briefly told.”’ Butis this really true? Can there be any really intelligent application of insecticides without a great deal more knowledge than can be ‘‘ briefly told;” and after all, do the teachers themselves know exactly what to do in all cases; or do they always know exactly how insecticides act, and why they will act in one case and not in another. Why hellebore, for instance, is specific for one series of insects and absolutely ineffective as against others equally exposed and without greater apparent means of resistance. There comes in, also, a very important factor: the deter- mination of the author of the mischief. However easy this may be to the trained observer, it is sometimes very difficult to one that does not 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, have a special knowledge, even if more than usually intelligent or other- ' wise well educated. I have not infrequently received insects with a sam- ple of injury supposed to have been done by them, which I knew at once they could not have caused. The true depredator may be inconspicuous, or a nocturnal prowler, while a common, noisy day bird is charged with the mischief. A very good illustration of this feature may be found’ in the case of the Orthoptera frequenting cranberry bogs. For years past the grasshoppers (Acrididz) have been charged with the injury, though: I have always attributed it to the katydids (Locustida). The growers have always contended that there were few or no katydids and any num- ’ ber of grasshoppers, and they must be the depredators. Now it is quite true that grasshoppers\ are very much ez evidence on many bogs, and: their clumsy jumpings and noisy flight attract so much attention that the species of Scudderia with their noiseless flight, thin, almost transparent wings and green color, are entirely overlooked. In several cases, after a grower had positively declared that there were no katydids on his bog, I caught several for him within a small radius, to his intense surprise. The next objection was, suppose there are a few katydids, how can they do all this injury; they may eat berries, but so do the grasshoppers. On some bogs it would have been possible to answer that if every grasshopper ate only two berries a week, they would have taken every berry on the bog in one week, but the true answer was found in the structure of the insects themselves, and in the capacity of the digestive system. On page 50 will be found figures of the digestive systems of a katydid, Scudderia furcu- lata, a grasshopper, Acridium obscurum, and a roach, Blatta orientalis; the latter for a comparison merely. The differences aré quite striking, and give the katydid a capacity equaling three Acridium obscurum, or eight Melanoplus femur-rubrum. \n the Acridium, in Melanoplus, and in all other of the grasshoppers examined by me, the crop is quite a thick-walled stricture, with grinding ridges, teeth and wrinklings on the inner surface. There is no distinct gizzard. It may be well to say that — there is an extremely short cesophagus, and that the crop lies largely in the thoracic cavity. The ceca consist of six purse-like upward extensions with a short tail-like downward appendix to each. The stomach, or chy- lific ventricle is shorter and of a smaller diameter than the crop, and holds about half as much. The ileum and colon together do not equal the stomach in capacity. We have here a very simple type; an almost straight tube from one end of the body to the other, divided into special- ized regions. The katydid structure is quite dissimilar. We have, first, a very long cesophagus extending through the thoracic cavity into the ab- domen, where it enlarges to a crop which is a thin membranous sac, capable of great distension. This merges into a distinct gizzard, which has a complicated grinding apparatus and thence the food passes to a very long stomach, at the mouth of which the czca are represented by two large pouches, also distended with food. The stomach forms two large coils, and, with the czecal pouches, holds at least twice as much as the 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49 crop. The form of the head, of the jaws, and of the insect as a whole, all point to one result only: that katydids. and not grasshoppers, do the injury complained of on cranberry bogs. Now, all these facts in insect anatomy I believe the farmer ought to know, or should at least have the opportunity of knowing. It forms part of that body of knowledge which is necessary to be able to decide, promptly and safely, which is the true injurious insect first, and how it may be killed afterward. I believe very decidedly that beside a general knowledge of the transformation of insects, the farmer needs quite a definite knowledge of insect anatomy and physiology, and, so far as I am able to do so, I propose to put such knowledge within reach, in New Jersey at least. How A BEE Ficuts.—An observer writes in the Chicago Tribune, that he is satisfied that there is just as much rivalry between humming birds and bees in their quest for honey as there is between members of the human race in their struggle for the good things of life, and describes a recent quarrel that he saw in a Portland, Me., garden, where a humming bird with an angry dash expressed its disapproval of the presence of a big bumble-bee in the same tree. The usually pugnacious, bee inconti- nently fled, but he did not leave the tree. He dashed back and forth among the branches and white blossoms, the humming bird in close pur- suit. Where will you find another pair that could dodge and dare equal to these? They were like flashes of light, yet the pursuer followed the track of the pursued, turning when the bee turned. In short, the bird and the bee controlled the movements of their bodies more quickly and more accurately than he could control the movements of his eyes. The chase was all over in half the time that it has taken to tell it, but the ex- citement of a pack of hounds after a fox was no greater. The bee es- caped, the bird giving up the whole chase and alighting on a twig. It couldn’t have been chasing the bee for food, and there is no possible explanation of its unprovoked attack, except that it wished to have all the honey itself. ENTOMOLOGICAL Society OF LoNnpoN, May 6, 1892.—The secretary read a letter which Lord Walsingham had received from Sir Arthur Black- wood, the secretary of the post-office, in answer to the memorial, which, on behalf of the society, had been submitted to the Postmaster-General, asking that small parcels containing scientific specimens might be sent to places abroad at the reduced rate of postage applicable to packets of bona fide trade patterns and samples. The letter intimated that, so far as the English post-office was concerned, scientific specimens sent by sample post to places abroad would not be stopped in future. [This is not new, but will probably be useful for American entomologists to know, especially those who exchange with correspondents in England. ] 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [February, a — Alimentary canal of a, katydid (Scudderia furculata) ; b, grasshopper (Acridium obscurum) ; c, cockroach (B/atta orientalis), much enlarged. All the parts of the tract are named, except the irregular threads surrounding the stomach, which are the Malpighian vessels. They are much more numerous than shown in the figure, and form, in nature, a complete network around the organ. . 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. , [The Conductors of ENromotocicaL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of pews, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our ~ earliest-convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Owing to low subscription rate, ‘‘ extras’’ will be charged for, and when they are wanted, it should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. A CORRECTION.—Mr. Dyar’s note in January NEws concerning a moth of which he speaks as Ceruridia Slossonii Pack., is ‘misleading, and re- quires correction. There is as yet no such insect as Ceruridia Slossonii Pack. A moth in my collection has a label bearing, in my own hand- writing, the above name proposed for it by Dr. A. S. Packard. No de- scription of this moth has been published. I stated these facts when I showed the insect to Mr. Dyar, but he has apparently forgotten them. ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. WRITING in regard to a recent article in the NEws by Prof. J. B. Smith on American Noctuidz, Mr. J. W. Tutt, of London, England, says: ‘‘ The value of your photographic plates is unquestionable, and it enables us who cannot see the type specimens in your collections to form an idea of the moths you describe. With regard to fig. 5, in the first row, the spe- cies is undoubtedly our European Aydracia micacea Esp., and the de- scription suits our species exactly. But this is a most variable species in England, and varies from pale yellowish with very faint markings through banded specimens to dark brown (vide British Noctuz and their varieties, vol. i, pp. 64-66), some of the specimens being bright rosy-red; in fact, the species is called ‘the rosy rustic.’ In naming new species, care should be taken to refer to such well-known European species as this undoubt- edly is.”’ BEE STINGS AND RHEUMATISM.—I some time ago came across a few articles having reference to bee stings as a cure for rheumatism. The subject had passed from my mind until just recently, when a particular friend of mine, who has suffered from this annoying complaint, was stating his case to me I at once remembered what I had read, and told him about it. His curiosity being aroused, he asked to see the letters, and after careful perusal of the same he came to my apiary to try the effect of the remedy. My friend is an ex-police sergeant, who has suffered acutely for years from rheumatism, and passed through the hands of several medical men, and spent seasons at various convalescent homes, undergoing va- 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, rious kinds of treatment, but all to no purpose. However, on Monday, r1th of July last, he came’ to see me, suffering from severe pain in his right elbow and right ankle. With the help of my bees I gave him eight stings, three upon the elbow and five: upon the ankle. When he came he could not lift his arm, and it was with very great difficulty that he man- aged to walk a distance of two miles to my place, but twenty minutes. after being stung, he could work his arm about as freely as if he had never had rheumatism in his life, and he walked away like a two-year-old. —British Bee Journal August, 1892. See also ENT. NEws vol. i, foot of page.143. A FRIENDLY BUTTERFLY.—On a picnic some miles east of Bangor in 1890 this very sociable Vanessa antiopba made my acquaintance, one not soon to be forgotten by me. It was a fresh and bright one, and his aim seemed pleasure alone, he acted so lively and pleased. His continued attentions to me as I carelessly swung my net beside the road at last in- duced me to meet him half way in friendliness. Even after catching him a few times and then freeing him he alighted on the net, on my straw hat, and, finally in contentment, on my left shoulder. With my coat off in the heat it seemed to me my white shirt might be the attraction. Thinking my children would be amused, I walked back to the stream and called them up to wonder in their turn. Next we all went further to our lunch place under a big Pine where were others of the party. There for some time he kept his place, apparently much pleased. As time passed I at last began to test the power of attraction, actually driving him with net far up. into the tree when he again tried to come back, but was probably scared. by some one else at last. Now, the time was long, the distance walked considerable, and his various manceuvres were quite multifarious. His. actions showed pleasure distinctly.—F. A. Eppy, Bangor, Me. ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF INsECTs.—Under this title the ‘‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History” for December, 1892, con- tains a translation of a portion of a paper by N. Cholodkovsky, on the embryonal development of Phyllodromia (Blatta) germanica, published in the “‘ Mémoires de l’ Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Péters- bourg”’ (7), xxxviii, No. 5, 1891. As set forth in this translation, M. Cho- lodkovsky advances “the following main theses:— 1. The head of Insects contains more than four protozonites, probably six, of which one is pre-oral, but the rest are post-oral, 2. The antennz of Insects belong to the first post-oral segment and are entirely homologous with the remaining ventral extremities. They do not correspond to the antenne of Peripatus, but probably to the chelicerae- of spiders, and perhaps to the second pair of antennz of Crustacea. 3. Since the possibility that a number of segments in the germinal streak of different Arthropods have disappeared is not excluded, a homology of the mouth-parts of the different classes of Arthropods cannot at present. be set up. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 4. The abdominal appendages of the Insectan germinal streak (includ- ing the cerci) are homologous with the thoracic legs. Herein it makes no difference whether these appendages are attached to the middle, at the side, at the front or hind margin (are meso-, pleuro-, pro-, or opisthostatic in the terminology of Graber), provided only that their cavity is imme- diately continuous with that of the somite to which they belong. The fact that the abdominal appendages usually remain unsegmented in nowise tends to show that they are not of the nature of limbs, since, for instance,. the mandibles also are unsegmented.* 5. Many of the abdominal appendages of larve and perfect Insects are homologous with the thoracic legs, even when they are secondary in ontogeny. 6. The primitive function of the first pair of the abdominal appendages was ambulatory, as also that of the remaining appendages. The ances- tors of the Insects were therefore undoubtedly homopod, not heteropod. 7. The many-legged Insect larve are to be derived from the six-legged’ just as little as are, conversely, the hexapod larve from the polypod; both forms developed independently of one another. 8. The embryonic envelopes of the Insects probably correspond to the remains of a Trochosphere.”’ With regard to the origin of Insects, M. Cholodkovsky believes that ex- isting knowledge “seems to decide the question still more definitely in favor of the derivation of the Insects from homo- and polypod and, prob- ably, “Scolopendrella-like ancestors. Even Graber ... . considers it probable that the ancestors of Insects were myriapod-like. ... . If, however, we weigh the great difference between the Crustacea on the one hand, and the rest of the Arthropods on the other, a close relationship between Insects and Crustaceans appears simply impossible. The Naz- Pfius-form of larva, an exclusively Crustacean possession, the remarkable resemblance in embryonic development between Insects and Peripatus, and the constitution of the respiratory and excretory organs, are facts which all compel us to conclude that the Arthropods are at least diphyletic in origin. The Crustacea, indeed, are to be derived from marine Anne- _ «lids, which in the course of their development passed through the Tro- chosphere stage (which in the Crustacean development became trans- formed into that of the Nauplius), while for the ancestors of the Tracheata we must look to terrestrial, or fresh-water Annelids, more of the Oligo- cheete type.” VENTURESOME INSECTS.—The notes, in late numbers of the News, by Messrs. Webster, Calvert and Cross, on ‘‘ venturesome insects,’’ remind me that I have made the same observations in regard to all the species of the genus Gvapéa, that I am familiar with. When collecting, if I fail to secure a specimen at first trial, I always stand still and the insect is sure to alight on the same, or near the same spot. I remember one Graf/a sr Whether the segmented branchial filaments of Sisyra and Sialis belong to this cate- gory is doubtful, but can only be decided by embryological investigations.” 2* 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, comma at Connellsville, Pa., that alighted every afternoon on a small Almond tree. I repeatedly attempted to capture it, but it was too wary for me. I am quite certain it was the same insect, and it would alight not only on the same tree, but on the same spot. There was no food near ' that I could see. I also have seen a case of ‘‘ attempted suicide.”’ It was at the Cucumber Falls, Ohio Pyle, Pa. The sun was shining brightly on the water at the time, and I was standing at the foot of the falls. I saw a large Papilio turnus hover before the water and then fly directly into it. It was dashed back by the force of the water, but, as soon as it regained its balance, returned to the charge. This time it was hurled to my feet, and now adorns my collection. I would suggest that the sunlight reflected from the water attracted the insect.—JAMEs M. PHILLIPs. THE following has been sent us by one who has had reason to regret that his correspondents had more faith in the tender handling of the mails than the results proved desirable. The remarks are equally applicable to all orders of insects. To the items we might add—enclose stamps not only to pay for the return of the box, but the return of the letter. This may seem a small matter, but to expect one to give time and labor for nothing and to pay for the privilege is at least unreasonable. TEN COMMANDMENTS which every coleopterist, who sends specimens for names, should always carefully consider: 1. Take a nice little wooden box with good cork lining, at least a quarter of an inch thick. 2. Use Klaeger pins and stick them deep into the cork to prevent vi- bration. 3. Fasten the specimens or papers underneath with a little gum to pre- vent them from turning around the pin. 4. Don’t put the specimens too close—to prevent their ane, each other. 5. See that the specimens are clean and perfect. 6. Put the box in an outer box of strong pasteboard, but leave room enough between the two boxes to be stuffed with cotton or horsehair, etc. 7. Instead of an outer box, a thick layer of cotton may be used. 8. Write on the outside of the bundle the address—clear and legible. 9. If the box is to be returned, put the return postage in the accompa- nying letter, to. Acknowledge the receipt of the box. (Any neglect of these rules will probably be disastrous.) HENRY ULKE. Tue locality where the butterflies were taken, which was omitted in the article in last issue of News, by William L. W. Field, was Guilford, Conn. a a, ™ 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- tion and the insects to become the property of the American: Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Entomological Literature. Comptes RENDUus. L’ ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES, Paris, Nov. 28, 1892.— On a nervous ganglion in the feet of Phalangium opilio, M. Gaubert. Researches on the colors of some insects, A. B. Griffiths. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History (6), x, 60, Lon- don, December, 1892.—On the development of the Pedipalpi, Dr. A. Strubell (transl. Zool. Anz. 1892, No. 385, 386). On the morphology and phylogeny of insects, N. Cholodkovsky (transl. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1891). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, xviii, 1892.—- On the blood of the Invertebrata, Dr. A. B. Griffiths. Tue Entomovtocist, London, December, 1892.—The emergence of the Ceruras, Dr. T. A. Chapman.- Indoor light [for night collecting], Major J. N. Still. Numerous additional records of Colias edusa, C. hyale. THE, CANADIAN EnTomo ocist, London, Ont., December, 1892.— Notes on Coleoptera, xi, Dr. J. Hamilton. A preliminary grouping of the described species of Sapromyza of North America, with one new species, C. H. T. Townsend. Preliminary remarks on some North American species of Ha/isidofa Hiib., H? G. Dyar. Partial preparatory stages of Catocala illecta Walker, with notes, G. H. French. Discovery of the genus Cratepus Foerster in America, and the description of a new spe- cies, W. H. Ashmead. Cnicus discolor as an insect trap, W. S. Blatchley. Notes on the habits of Siphonophora cucurbite Middleton, F. M. Web- ster. Butterflies on Grandfather Mountain, North Carolina, T. L. Mead. A new genus of Diptera allied to Rhaphiomidas, D. W. Coquillett. BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT. ERLANGEN, Nov. 15, 1892.—Contribu- bution to the knowledge of the anatomical structure of the neprenceye organs of the Galeodide, A. Birula. SCIENCE, New York, Dec. 16, 1892.—Some entomological factors in the problem of country fences, F. M. Webster. How are young spiders fed? J. W. Sanborn. 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | February, RECUEIL ZOOLOGIQUE SUISSE, Vv, 4, Geneva-Bale, Oct. 5, 1892.—Anat- omy and habits of Excyrtus fuscicollis, E. Bugnion (cont.), 3 plates. JOURNAL OF THE TRINIDAD FIELD NATURALISTS’ CLus. Port of Spain, Trin., December, 1892.—Oecodoma cephadiotes, Il, J. E. Tanner, Bite of the Tarantula (J/ygade) spider, C. W. Meaden. ACTES DE LA SOCIETE SCIENTIFIQUE DU CHIL, II, 2, Santiago, Octo- ber, 1892.—The migratory locust of Chili, I. Bolivar, The question of the traveling cricket, F. Lataste.. Notes on the Coleoptera of Chili,* P. Germain, figs. Latrodectus formidabilis of Chili; II. Pathological, F-. P. Borne. > ABHANDLUNGEN DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT ZU HALLE, xvii, 3 u. 4, 1892.—Historical development of the doctrine of pare : genesis, Dr. O. Taschenberg. MITTEILUNGEN AUS DEM OSTERLANDE.—Herausgegeben von der Nat- urforschenden Gesellschaft des Osterlandes zu Altenburg i. S.-A. Neue Folge, v, ’92.—Corrections in the spider fauna of Brazil, Dr. E. A. Goeldi. Compete RENDUS. SOCIETE DE BIOLOGIE, Paris, Dec. 10, 1892.—Zoolog- ical affinities of the Pantopodes, S. Jourdain. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CaNADA.—Contributions to Canadian Paleon- tology. II. Canadian Fossil Insects; 2. The pete) hitherto. found Nae OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, ii, 3, Dec. 31, 1892.—On the morphology of the Ticks, Dr. G. Marx. On the discovery of the genus Zum#otus in America, W. H. Ashmead. An insectivorous primrose, F. W. Mally. The hymenopterous parasites of spiders, L. O. Howard: 1 pl. On certain peculiar structures of I-epidop- tera: 1. Radiate bodies in the receptaculum seminis of Promuba and Prodoxus;, 2. Pseudo-cenchri; 3. Tegulz and patagia, C. V. Riley; figs. ‘New species of Prodoxide, id, figs. Coleopterous larvze with so-called — dorsal pro-legs, id., figs. The evolution of heat by Si/vanus cassie, E. W. Doran. Notes on the genus Zxicocephalus Westw., and description of a new species from Utah, W. H. Ashmead. Notes on the Nearctic Aradidz, Dr. E. Bergroth. Additional note on Nearctic Aradidz, id. Food plants of the Zivz, F. M. Webster. Description of the larva of Amphizoa LeContei, H. G. Hubbard, 1 pl. A note on the parasites of the Coccide, L. O. Howard. Notes on the Eucharids found in the United States, W. H. Ashmead. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL History, iy, 1, xv, New York, Dec. 27, 1892.—Catalogue of gall-producing insects [Hy- menoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Arachnida] found within fifty miles of New York City, with descriptions of their galls and of some new species, W. Beutenmiiller. * Contains new species other than North American. a a 1893. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 Tue ENnToMmo.ocist’s REcoRD, London, Dec. 15, r892.—The genus Acronycta and its allies, Dr. T. A. Chapman, 1 pl. Seasonal variation of larve, R. Freer. BrioLociA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, pt. civ, London, September, 1892.— Arachnida-Araneidea, O. P. Cambridge, pl. xii. Coleoptera, iv, pt. 2, pp. 401-448, pl. xix, G. C. Champion. Lepidoptera Heterocera, ii, pp. 97-112, pl..xlix, H. Druce.—Pt. cv, November, 1892. Arachnida-Aranei- dea, O. P. Cambridge, pl. xiii. Arachnida Acaridea, pp. 33-40, pl. xix, O. Stoll. Coleoptera, iv, pt. 1, pp. 477-524, G. C. Champion; iv, pt. 2, pl. xx, id. Lepidoptera Heterocera, ii, pp. 113-128, pls. ii, H. Druce. Rhynchota Heteroptera, pp, 353-368, W. L. Distant. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES {N. S.), xix, pp. 236-251, 1892.—The tropical faunal element of our southern Nymphalinz systematically treated, S. H. Scudder. ANALES.DEL INSTITUTO FISICO-GEOGRAFICO Y DEL MUSEO NACIONAL ve Costa Rica, III. San José de Costa Rica, 1892.—On the natural his- tory of Costa Rica: I. Invertebrates collected and classified in 1889-91, H. Pittier. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris (8), iv, 3, 1892.— On the general process of tegumentary cuticularization in the larvze of Libellula, J. Chatin. On the respiration of the larve of Libellula, J. Martin. THE AMERICAN MONTHLY MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL, Washington, December, 1892.—The grasshopper, Oedipoda carolina; an introductory study in zoology, H. L. Osborn. ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, London, Ont., January 1893.—De- scriptions of four new West African butterflies, W.'J. Holland. Some additions to the genus C/isiocampa Curt., B. Neumoegen. Description of anew Tolype, id. Can the Diptera be considered the highest insects? C. H. T. Townsend. A new arrangement of the Coleoptera, W. H. Patten. A general summary of the known larval food habits of the Acalyptrate Muscide, C. H. T. Townsend. Larvz of Papilio philenor becoming larvophagous, Dr. R. E. Kunze. Synopsis of the Asilid genus Anisopogon, D. W. Coquillett. The larva and chrysalis of Chrysophanus dione, Dr. H. Skinner. Notes on Zarga americana Cress., Rev..T. W. Fyles. A new form of Prionia, and notes on Platypteryx arcuata and P. genicula, G. H. Hudson. Female of Grocola rosa French, G. H. French. Honey Bee or House Fly, J. M. Aldrich. Melanochroia cephise Hib., T. D. A. Cockerell. Astatus bicolor Say, C. A. Hart. Aalisidota macularia Walk., H. G. Dyar. ; PsyCHE, Cambridge, Mass., January, 1893.—An interesting blood-suck- ing gnat of the family Chironomide, C. H. T. Townsend, 1 pl. Descrip- 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [February, tions of new species and genera of West African Lepidoptera, W. J. Hol- land. On the species of the genus JZivaxz found in North America, W. H. Ashmead. Notes on the larval ane of Arctia Blakei Grote, H. G. Dyar. NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS DESCRIBED | IN THE PRECEDING LITERATURE, ARACHNIDA. Acarus seroting Beutenmiiller, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. iv, p. 378, pl. xvi, fig. 7. Acaridea: n. sp. Mex. and Cent. Am., Stoll, Biol. Cent.-Am. Arach. Acar. pp. 33-40, pl. xix. COLEOPTERA. One new genus, nine new species (fossil), Scudder, Geol. Survey Can. Paleon. II, pp. 27-56. Heteromera: n. sp. Mex., Cent. Am., Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am. Co- leop. iv, pt. I, pp. 477-524; pt. 2, pp. 401-448. DIPTERA. Antsopogon ludius Coquillett, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 20, Cal., Brit. Col. A. rubidus p. 21, Cal. A. patruelis, p. 21, Tex. Apomidas (near Rhaphiomidas) n. gen., A. trochilus n. sp. Coquillett, Can. Ent. xxiv, p. 315, Calif. Cecidomyia clavula Beutenmiiller, Bail; Am. Mus. N. H., iv, p. 269, pl. xv, fig. 5. Sapromyza ocellaris Townsend, Can. Ent. xxiv, p. 303, N. Mex. Tersesthes (n. gen. Chironomidz) Townsend, Psyche, vi, p. 370. Z- torrens, p. 371, N. Mex. HEMIPTERA. Aradus Duzeei Bergroth, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. II, p. 333, Pa., Ont. A. concinnus, p. 337, S. Calif. Enicocephalus Schwarzii Ashm., Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Il, p. 329, = E. (Hymenodectes) culicis Uhler, Trans. Md. Acad. Sci. 1892, Utah. Heteroptera: n. sp. Mex., Cent. Am. Distant, Biol. Cent.-Am. Rhyn.- Heter. pp. 353-368. HYMENOPTERA. Cratepus Fletcheri Ashmead, Can, Ent. xxiv, p. 309, Ottawa. Cynipidz: three n. sp. Beutenmiiller, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, p. 247, 248, 257. Eucharinz: five n. sp. Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. II, pp. aseea Eunotus lividus Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. II, p. 288, Ga. Mirax: four n. sp. Ashmead, Psyche, vi, pp. 378-379. New sp. of Polysphincta, Pezomachus, Hemiteles, Eupelmus, Holco- pelte, Mestocharis, Tetrastichus, Howard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Il, pp. 290-302. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 LEPIDOPTERA. Clisiocampa mus Neumoegen, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 4, Utah, Ariz. C azteca, p. 5, Mex. Eumelia for Melia Neum., Neumoegen, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 25. Heterocera: n. sp. Mex., Cent.-Am., Druce, Biol. Cent.-Am. Lep. Het. II, pp. 97-128. Prionia levis Hudson, Can. Ent. xxv, p* 24, N. Y. Prodoxus: five n. sp. (redescribed), Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. II, Ppp. 312-319. Tolype tolteca Neumoegen, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 6, Mex. ORTHOPTERA. Bacillus coloradus Scudder, Psyche, vi, p. 372, Col. 2. carinatus id., Ariz., Mex. The Entomological Section , ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws: NEW AFRICAN NYCTEMERIDA AND LIPARIDA. By W. J. HoLianp, Ph.D., Pittsburgh. (Except when otherwise indicated, the species are all from the valley of the Ogove.) NYCTEMERID. NYCTEMERA Hiib. 1. N. fallax sp. nov. ¢’.—Allied to N. apicalis Walk. and N. leuconoe Hopff. The front is white; the antennz are black; the collar has on it two black spots narrowly margined with white; the tegulz are black, nar- rowly margined with white; the top of the thorax is black, spotted with white; the upperside of the abdomen is uniformly gray; the underside of the thorax is white, profusely spotted with black spots; the underside of the abdomen is uniformly white, with two rows of narrow, linear, black spots upon either side; the extremity of the abdomen is tufted with orange hairs; the legs are pale orange; the primaries are white, semi- diaphanous, with the costal area near the base and the neurations black- ish; the apex and outer margin are blackish; a subapical spot extends from the costa before the end of the cell nearly to the inner angle, and touches the outer margin above the submedian nervule; there are no white marks upon the outer border of the primaries below the apex; the 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, secondaries are translucent, with the costa and the outer margin black, the black border being narrow on the costa near the base, then widening rapidly to the outer angle, then still widening in width toward the anal angle, fading away near the inner margin, which is without a border. Expanse 45 mm. This is a very distinct species, and may readily be distinguished from its near allies by the extreme translucency of the seconda- ries, and the absence of white spots upon the outer margin of the primaries below the apex as well as by the form of the sub- apical band. AMNEMOPSYCHE Buti. 2. A. incisa sp. nov. ¢’.— Antennz black; front reddish orange; collar black. Body whitish. Legs white, with the femora narrowly edged with blackish; the primaries are yellowish white, tinged with orange-red at the base near the costa; the costa at the base is very narrowly edged with black, and this black border rapidly widens and covers the entire outer half of the wing; the inner edge of this black border is sharply cut into by the white basal area about the end of the cell above the second sub- median and at the end of the first submedian. A large oval white spot interrupts the black apical area beyond the end of the cell; the seconda- ries are yellowish white, with the outer margin heavily black, the inner edge of this black margin being very irregularly and deeply cut into by the white area opposite the end of the cell; the underside is marked very much as the upperside. Expanse 35 mm. GIRPA Walk. 3. G. notata sp. nov. ¢'.—Allied to G. circumdata Walk., but larger, and with the black borders differently arranged. Head and antennz black; collar rufous. Body black: the legs orange, margined with black- ish; the underside of the abdomen orange; the primaries have the costa near the base and the outer half broadly black, the line dividing the outer black area running from beyond the middle of the cell diagonally out- wardly to a point one-quarter of the distance from the outer angle upon the inner margin; the secondaries are broadly bordered with black, widest near the outer angle and narrower upon the inner margin; this outer black border is produced inwardly near the anal angle; the under- side of the wings is much as the upperside. The female is marked much as the male, but with broader wings. Expanse: ¢', 35 mm.; 9, 40 mm. 4. G. cyaocephala sp. nov. 3’.—Head and antennz black; collar ful_ vous; the upperside of the thorax and of the abdomen whitish, the latter narrowly annulated with black; the underside of the thorax is fulvous; the underside of the abdomen is whitish; the legs are black, margined with whitish; the primaries are black upon the costa and have the outer half broadly black; this broad black area is invaded by the white basal 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 61 area below the cell in such a manner as to rudely suggest the outline of a dog’s head, a style of marking well known in the genus Co/ias. The secondaries are broadly black at the outer angle, the border growing rapidly narrower toward the extremity of the second submedian, then widening before the anal angle, which is marked by a black spot sepa- rated by a white line from the remainder of the border; the underside is as the upperside. The female is marked like the tnale, but larger. Ex- panse: ¢’, 33 mm.; 2, 38 mm. This species is represented in my collection by specimens from the Upper Ogové and Old Calabar. HYLEMERA Butl. 5. H. tenera sp. nov. ¢'.—Antennz blackish; front, collar and upperside of abdomen orange. Body and legs whitish; the wings, which are semi- diaphanous, are white on the basal half and black on the apical half, the inner edge of the black area being divided by a curved line running from before the middle of the costa to a point on the inner margin one-quarter of the distance from the other angle; the secondaries are narrowly tipped with black at the outer angle. Expanse 32 mm. 6. H. indentata sp. nov. 9.—Body luteous; antenne black. Wings white, very narrowly margined on the costa near the base with black, with the outer half broadly black, the inner margin of the black area being produced inwardly at the origin of the second median nervule; the secondaries are narrowiy bordered with black from the end of the costa to the middle of the outer margin;-the underside is as the upperside. Expanse 40 mm. LIPARID. GEODENA Walk. 7. G. absimilis sp. nov. ¢'.—Antennz yellow, with the pectinations black. Head and thorax bright orange. Abdomen pale orange, clouded with grayish near the thorax on the upperside; underside of thorax and abdomen orange-yellow. Legs of the same color margined with gray; the wings are white, with a large, round discal dot at the end of the cell; the primaries are heavily margined with blackish, the black border ex- tending from the costa two-thirds of the distance from the base to the inner angle. Expanse 38 mm. This species is quite distinct in general appearance from G. quadriguitata Walk., with the type of which I have compared it. 8. G. dama sp. nov. ¢'.—Antennz black; front orange; the upperside of the thorax and abdomen are grayish fawn; the lowerside of the thorax and abdomen are orange; the tip of the abdomen is dark brown. Legs fawn colored; the primaries are grayish fawn throughout with an oval dot 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, at the end of the cell; the secondaries are luteous, margined with pale fawn of the same color as the primaries and with a small round black dot at the end of the cell; upon the underside the primaries are as on the upperside, save that there is an orange basal ray near the costa, and that the inner margin is whitish; the secondaries are bright orange-yellow on the lower side with the outer margin darker than on the upperside. Ex- panse 32 mm. : SOLOE Walk. 9. §. bigutta sp. nov. ¢.—Allied to S. ¢rigutta Walk., but without the discal dot on the posterior wing; the primaries are relatively broader and more rounded on the apex, the species is also smaller than .S. trigutta; front orange; the thorax and the abdomen are tinged with luteous, and the legs are concolorous; the upperside of the wings is creamy-white; the primaries have two black dots in the cell, one near the middle and one near the end; the outer margin of the secondaries is slightly suffused with gray; on the underside the primaries are heavily clouded with slaty- gray upon the costa and at the apex, and the secondaries have the costal margin near the base slightly washed with yellow; the spot at the end of the cell of the primaries reappears upon the secondaries, and in some specimens there is a faint indication of a discal dot at the end of the cell of the primaries upon the underside. Female like the male. Expanse: 3, 27 mm.; 2, 30 mm. ) This species may be distinguished from its allies by the mark- | ings as well as by the opacity of the wings. In S. trigutta Walk. and .S. ¢osola Ploetz, the wings are semi-diaphanous. CAVIRIA Walk. 10. C. proxantha sp. nov. §'.—The antennz have the culmen white, the sete testaceous; the head, thorax and abdomen are yellowish white above and white -beneath; the legs are concolorous; the primaries above are pale ochre-yellow, with the costa narrowly margined with light brown; the secondaries are pure white; the underside of both wings is pure white. Expanse 32 mm. 11. C. nigripes sp. nov. ¢‘.—Antennz are as in the preceding species; the front orange; the thorax and abdomen are white; the legs are white, with the tibiz and tarsi black; the wings are pure silvery white, opaque, with the costa of the primaries narrowly margined with black. Expanse 30 mm. 12. C. xanthosoma sp. nov. ¢’.—The antenne have the culmen whitish with the setz pale gray; the entire body is bright yellow; the wings are creamy white tinged with luteous upon the costa of the primaries, which, together with the outer margin of the primaries, is very narrowly mar- gined with brown. Expanse 40 mm. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63, 13. G. eximia sp. nov. ¢’.—Antennz blackish; palpi white, edged below with black; front white; collar dark brown in front; the patagize have a dark brown spot upon the base; the body is white, with a faint grayish dorsal line, the thorax and abdomen below are yellowish white and the legs are uniformly of the same color; the primaries are creamy white with the costa very heavily margined with dark brown; the submedian and median nerves and the median and costal nervules near the outer margin are marked with brown; the hind wings are immaculate; the underside is pure white throughout. Expanse 45 mm. REDOA Walk. 14. R. Ogovensis sp. nov. ¢.—Antennz with the culmen white, the sete gray; the front is orange, the body throughout white; the legs are orange; the wings throughout are pure silvery white, slightly laved with yellowish on the costa of the primaries below. Female like the male, but larger, and the wings more silvery. Expanse: ¢', 36mm.; 9, 58 mm. SULYCHRA Butl. 15. S. promelzena sp. nov. ¢'.—Antennze and palpi black; front orange, with a black dot in the middle; the head is yellowish; the collar black; the patagiz pale orange margined externally with black; the thorax is white, with two long suboval spots in the middle; the abdomen is whitish with the terminal segments banded laterally with blackish and with a ventral black line on either side uniting near the anus and enclosing a yellowish ventral area; the pectus is black; the underside of the thorax is the same color; the legs are black, slightly margined with pale gray; the wings are semi-diaphanous, the primaries smoky-brown, with the neurations darker brown; the secondaries are white, with the exterior margin clouded with brown. Expanse 55 mm. 16. §. (?) flavescens sp. nov. 2.—The primaries have the costa convex and the apex produced, the outer margin excavated below the apex and the outer angle rounded; the palpi are black, margined with brown be- neath; the antennz are black; the front and the thorax above and below are grayish ferruginous; the abdomen is ferruginous, with a dorsal row. of black spots and a lateral row of similar spots on either side; the pri- maries are grayish ferruginous, with a very faint transverse basal and a straight median transverse band succeeded by a very pale geminate sub- marginal band. All of these bands are pale smoky-brown; the neura- tions are dark brown; the secondaries are tawny, with the neuration dark brown. On the underside the wings are tawny,. with the neurations brown; the primaries have a transverse brown line running from the costa to the radial, and some indistinct brownish cloudings near the outer mar- gin; the secondaries have a similar series of markings near the outer angle. Expanse 55 mm. I refer this species, with doubt, to the genus Sulychra, to 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, which, however, the structure of the cells and the neuration gen- erally show it to be closely allied. LEUCOMA Hiib. 17. L. gracillima sp. nov. ¢'.—Antennz with the culmen white, the pecti- _ nations gray; the palpi, the front, and the entire body with the legs lute- ous gray; the wings are whitish, translucent, with the costa and margins opaque white. Female like the male. Expanse: g', 32 mm.; 2, 37 mm. Hab.—Cape Lopez. EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Amnemopsyche incisa 3’, sp. nov. . Girpa cynocephala 3, sp. nov. . Girpa notata 3, sp. nov. « . Geodena dama 3, sp. nov. . Geodena absimilis 3 sp. nov. . Soloe bigutta 3, sp. nov. Hylemera tenera 3, sp. nov. Hylemera indentata 2, sp. nov. Leucoma gracillima 3, sp. nov. . Nyctemera fallax 3, sp. nov. 11. Sulychra promelena 3, sp. nov. 12. Redoa Ogovensis 3, sp. nov. * 13. Redoa Ogovensis 2, sp. nov. 14. Caviria eximia 3, sp. nov. *“* 15. Caviria xanthosoma J, sp. nov. SO onl CO OW ANH YW oO Uv A NEW EUDAMUS. By Henry SKINNER, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa. Eudamus Aemilea n. sp.—Male expands 1¥% inch., 9 1% inch. Wings are a gray-brown, similar to &. dathyl/us, yet when compared with the latter species there is a marked difference in color; yet it is almost impos- sible to describe in words. There is a somewhat lighter and grayer area in the middle of the secondaries of @mi/ea. Upperside: primaries. In three specimens there is a white dot near the outer end of the discoidal cell, and in two specimens there are two of these white spots; there is a crooked row of white spots running across the outer third of the wing from the costa nearly to the interior margin. First come the three nearly united spots which are present in so many species, then below these and urther toward the exterior margin are two others, the lower one of the two Ent. News, Vol. IV. P)s101; 1893. | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65. points toward the tip of the wing; then further toward the base is another spot, and below this and still further toward the base is a spot made up apparently of two coalesced; below this and outward, nearer the exterior margin, is the last spot, which is usually square in shape. In one male the coalesced spot is nearly obsolete; the inferiors are immaculate. The wings. are edged with a narrow black border, and the fringes are gray- ish; some of the hairs from the black border run through the fringes from the wings, giving the edge of the wings a scalloped appearance. Underside: the spots above are repeated beneath; the wings beneath are much lighter in color, and the inferiors have two black bands running across them. This is a smaller species than dathy//us, and is a different color; it wants the inner costal spots found in dathyllus and pylades, and leaving out the inner costal and discal spots it has eight spots remaining, and none of the allied species have this many. That it is a new species is very apparent to the eye, but is one of those difficult things to picture in words. From five specimens, two males and three females, taken by Prof. Edw. T. Owen, at Fort Klamath, Oregon, I take pleasure in naming this species after the wife and eldest daughter of Prof. Owen. ray Vv A NEW PAPIRIUS. Plate IV. By F. L. Harvey, Orono, Me. Papirius unicolor n. sp.—Light brownish purple throughout; color much like that of the Delaware grape with the bloom removed. Back, ends of the legs and apical half of the antennze darker. Dorsum often with two interrupted stripes of darker shading. Head, base of antenna, base of legs, spring and ventral surface lighter; one specimen had the two. terminal segments of the antennz conspicuously clear. Young, half- grown specimens and full-grown specimens in damp situations paler. Occasionally a very large specimen and those taken in dry places, are more brown, but all show the purple tint; sides of the full-grown speci- mens often obscurely marked with paler oblong spots. Body, including head, twice as long as broad; breadth and depth equal; gradually widening from the neck to the greatest breadth, abruptly nar- rowing with a slight re-entering angle to the conspicuous terminal seg- ments. Head, viewed from front, as long as broad; depth half the length. Eye patches prominent, elevated black, conspicuous, bearing eight ocelli; four in the inner row, three in the outer, and a single smaller one 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [February, in the middle; the second ocellus from the front in the inner row is also smaller than the others; front of the head between the eyes elevated and bearing a tuft of long hairs. Antenne long, slender, elbowed at the second joint, nearly as long as the body; basal joint short, but slightly longer than the terminal; second joint shorter than third, the portion beyond the elbow usually somewhat longer than the two basal joints; third joint usually longest, the terminal half composed of seven or eight short sub-segments; terminal joint short conical, narrower than the club-shaped end of the third joint; composed of about ten sub-segments, the three basal of which are about the same width and obscure; fourth and fifth wider and well defined; sixth and seventh narrower and somewhat obscure; each segment bears a whorl of hairs, and, as there are three whorls on the portion beyond the seventh - ‘segment, probably it represents three more; when walking the basal por- tion of the antennz is projected upward and outward from the head, the apical portion beyond the elbow outward and downward. Legs long, claws prominent, the longer curved and bearing two teeth on its inner face below the middle; smaller claw slender over half the length of the other. Suckers nearly as long as the body, cylindrical white, covered with papillae; tentaculum cylindrical,. prominent. Spring rather long and slender, about three-fourths the length e the body; terminal segment less than half the length of the second, lanceo- late, unarmed, concave below, and bearing on each edge.of the concavity a row of about forty teeth; the teeth increase in size outward, and at the © end join in a common tubercle. Hairs are sparsely found on all parts of the body. Under a high power those’ on the second joint of the spring, which we especially examined, were barbellate. Measurements made from live specimens: (a) Total length 1.9 mm.; head, .8 mm. long, .8 mm. broad, .4 mm. deep from front to back; antennz, 1.7 mm. long; joints in the ratio of 7: 22:25:6 nearly; body, 1.6 mm. long, .8 mm. broad, .9 mm. deep; spring, 1.06 mm. beyond body; segment in ratio of 5:6:2; tentaculum, .4 mm.; sucker, 1.5 mm.; hairs on back, .16 mm.; claw, .o9 mm. (6) Total length, 2.16 mm.; head, .8 mm. long, .8 mm. broad, .4 mm. deep; antennz, 1.73 mm. long; segments in ratio of 2:7:10:2; body, 1.76 mm. long, 1.07 mm. broad, 1.07 mm. deep; last two segments of body, .4mm.; spring, 1.52; segments in ratio of 8:8:3; beyond body, 1.04 mm.; sucker, 1.6 mm.; hairs, 1.6 on back and terminal segments; tentaculum, .4mm.; claw,.1t mm. Other specimens were fully 2.5 mm. long. Hab.—Under rubbish along the Penobscot from May to No- vember. During the fall in the woods upon agarics and boleti; under the loose bark of stumps, also under boards and rubbish in meadows and pastures. We found them under boards as late ‘ 1893. | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 as November 8th, in this cold climate, after a snow of several inches had fallen. They no doubt hybernate in such situations. Common; more than a hundred specimens examined during 1891-92. ) Orono, Me. F. L. Harvey. Associated with P. marmoratus on agarics and boleti; under bark with the above and Smynthurus 6-maculaa Harvey; under rubbish with a large yellow Smynthurus n. sp. and half a dozen other 7hysanourans. Sluggish, slow-moving, but when disturbed can jump fully eight inches. The form, long legs, clumsy movements, and motion of the antennz while walking, combine to give it a gro- tesque appearance. Relationship.—Nearly the color of P. fuscus Lubbock, but differs in the form of the body, smaller terminal abdominal seg- ments, structure of the antennz, and much greater size. Most like Smynthurus noveboracensis Fitch of the described American species. Agrees with it nearly in size and habitat, but differs in color, somewhat greater size, and structure of the an- tennz. Specimens from the Nathan Banks collection, kindly sent us by Mr. Macgillevroy, have apparently but two joints beyond the elbow, and the third joint though, knotty at the end, seems to be entire. The form and color also seem different. Critical remarks.—Lubbock, in his diagnosis of the genus Papirius, says there are only four joints to the antennze. The figure of P. fuscus, given in his monograph, shows five (three beyond the elbow). Fitch overlooked the short basal joint in describing his .S. noveboracensis, and regarded the portion be- yond the elbow obscurely three-jointed. Packard, in his Essex Co. Catalogue, in describing P. marmoratus, first speaks of the third joint being broken into short segments. Lubbock says the third joint of P. fuscus appears knotty. The species we are con- sidering has only the terminal half of the so-called third joint broken into short segments. It appears that there is great varia- bility in the third joint from entire knotty forms, though others with the terminal half subjointed, to those with the entire joint broken into subjoints. If we did not know one form in structure stands between P. fuscus and P. marmoratus in the structure of the third antennal joint we would be compelled to regard the an 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, tennz as broken into five well-defined regions. Are the species with the third joint broken into subjoints all American? An examination of our figures will show that they occupy, in struc- ture, a position between Papirius and Smynthurus, for, if you coalesce the subjoints of the terminal and subterminal regions, the antennze become four-jointed, with a long terminal joint broken into many sub-joints, that is, Smynthurid. It is impossible to identify species from such meagre and gen- eral descriptions as that of P. noveboracensis Fitch, especially when not accompanied with drawings. It is equally hard to do so from alcoholic specimens of species soft bodied, and that shfivel and change color as do 7hysanourans. Good drawings are essential. Whether we err in referring this form to a new species can never be decided by the published description. The accompa- nying more detailed description and drawings will, we hope, serve a better purpose. The drawings were made by Mr. J. H. Emer- ton, under the direction of the writer. Fig. 1 shows the ocelli accurately drawn. Fig. 2 shows: one of the suckers extended. Fig. 3, side view. ENTOMOLOGICAL News for January was mailed December 30, 1892. - |= PLABY,. Ent. News, Vol. IV. PAPIRIUS UNICOLOR Harvey. Ent. News, Vol. IV. PLY, % Og Pa. u “ Ye? : - ‘ ¥ ate \ a WaT . daa i INJURY DONE BY THE CORN-WORM (HELIOTHIS ARMIGER). ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. Iv. MARCH, 1893. No. 3. CONTENTS: Townsend—On the geographical range | Smith—Elementary Entomology.......... 84 and distribution of Trichopoda...... 69 FOditorial:. ccesisve saad oessonscncee Meeist Novae. Cockerell—Entomology of Colorado...... 72 | Economic Entomology... scssessesees 88 Snyder—Capturing Catocala............000 73 | Notes and NewS.......0.. ccssescse-acesereenecces 90 Ehrman—Common Diurnals...........-..... 75 | Entomological Literature.....c.scci cesses 92 Chagnon—Donacia .........--seeseeeseseeeeesene 76 | Entomological Section....-...cscssseccooessee 98 Packard—Notodontian genusIchthyura 77 | Smith—New species of Noctuidee ....... 98 Skinner-Smith—Two weeks’ collecting Hoiland—West African Limacodide... 102 in N. C. and desc. of a new moth... 80 On the geographic range and distribution of the genus Trichopoda. By C. H. T. TownsEnp, Las Cruces, N. M. The Tachinid genus 7+ichopoda-is, so far as known, exclusively American. It is not necessarily tropical in distribution, though a considerable number of species have been reported from the tropical portions of South America. It is, however, peculiarly limited in range to certain topographical conditions, being found usually only at low elevations, down near the sea-level. It seems to attain its maximum development in the more southerly, but temperate latitudes of the United States, near the Atlantic sea- coast. It is represented on the Pacific coast but by a single spe- cies, 7. pennipes Fab., which is found from New England to the Argentine Republic, in favorable localities situated but little above sea-level. It is notable, also, that this species is the smallest one of the genus. So far as my personal observation in collecting goes, I can give the following notes on the range of the genus: I have never found Trichopoda in other than one locality, the District of Columbia, on the Virginia side of the Potomac. There it is well repre- sented in both number of species and individuals. I do not re- 3 b4 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, member ever seeing it in Michigan, but Cook records 7: pennipes there. I have never found a specimen of the genus in New Mexico or Arizona. During a two weeks’ trip in Old Mexico I saw none, though I went out quite extensively in the country around Orizaba and Cordova in the month of August. These places are, however, from 2000 to 2500 feet above sea-level. Other records show the distribution of the genus as follows: Along the Atlantic coast from Connecticut south, and especially in Virginia, the Carolinas, and. Florida; also along the Gulf coast _of the Southern States, and in Texas. The specimens from which most of the North American species were originally de- scribed by the early writers came from the Carolinas, and two species from Georgia. Other species were described from the region of the Amazon, eastern Brazil and Argentine Republic, Guiana, Venezuela and the West Indies. 7: arcuata, a small species which seems to be distinct from 7: pennipes, is described by Bigot from Chili, and probably represents the latter species in that region. T. pennipes is known inland from Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and occurs in California, as well as in Old Mexico, Brazil and Argentine Republic, as stated above. I have also specimens frgm San Domingo and Jamaica. The next species to 7. pennipes in extent of range inland is 7. histrio Wik. (syn. 7. trifasciata Lev.) It is recorded from Con- necticut, Illinois and Kansas. These two species are the only ones I know that are found any distance inland in the United States. They do not seem to be found, however, more than a few hundred feet above sea-level. Regarding the apparent scarcity of this genus in Mexico, which is mainly a high plateau region, it may be noted that the Biologia Centrali-Americana collections contain, as indicated in the ‘‘ Bio- logia Diptera,’’ vol. ii, but two specimens of Z7richopoda from all the region of Central America and Mexico. These belong to two species: 7: pennipes, a 2 from Presidio, Mex. (less than a thousand feet elevation), and 7: pyrrhogaster, a & from San Geronimo, Guatemala (probably not over five hundred feet, ele- vation). It is quite a significant fact that these were the only specimens obtained by the Biologia collectors in all that region. As before stated, the only species, so far as I am aware, that has ever been found on the Pacific coast, or even on the Pacific 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 slope, béing that region west of the Continental divide in both Americas, is 7: pennipes; or, in South America, what I have considered as its Chilian representative, 7. arcuatfa. The genus, therefore, seems to attain its most perfect development on the Atlantic coast. It is notable, also, that it is a genus that is not represented in Europe, but is strictly American. It is quite pos- - sible that these facts have an important bearing on the subject of the phenomena of life on the Pacific coast, treated in such an interesting manner by Dr. S. H. Scudder in the ‘‘ Overland Monthly”’ for April, 1892.* Dr. Scudder shows, in this article, that those butterflies and other insects, which are common to eastern and western America and Europe, have the greatest num- ber of broods annually in the eastern United States, while in the same latitudes in Europe and on the Pacific coast they have a less number. In the same manner, genera common to those three regions exhibit a greater number of species on the Pacific slope and in Europe than in the eastern United States. TZ7richopoda does not tend to confirm this law, since it reaches its greatest de- velopment on the Atlantic coast, at least in number of species. Does the fact that the genus is peculiarly American have any bearing on this point? Does a genus that is peculiar to America naturally reach its highest development on the Atlantic coast ? The study of the single species, 7: pennifes, may give a different result. Either the natural conditions prevailing west of the backbone of the continent, which restrain the tendency to the over expen- diture of vital energy, have worked to the disadvantage of other species of the genus, which have not been able to adapt them- selves thereto; or, what is somewhat more probable, these species originated in the eastern region and have never passed the bar- rier of altitude which lies between them and the Pacific coast. It should be noted, also, in this connection, that the genus Trichopoda probably represents the most highly specialized type of insects. Lorp WALSINGHAM has accepted the vacant position on the editorial staff of “‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’’ caused by the death of Mr. H. T. Stainton. * The “ Californian” of the future—“* Overland Monthly,” April, 1892, pp. 383-386. 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, NOTES ON THE ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO.—Ill. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, Kingston, Jamaica. GARFIELD, S. The observations in this county date from September 9th to September 14th, and relate only to the extreme eastern portion, from the neighborhood of Cattle Creek to Glenwood Springs and Divide Creek. The country about Glenwood Springs is dry, hot, and dusty; or wet and very muddy, according to the weather. Near Cattle Creek, and also at Glenwood Springs, the Scrub Oak ( Quercus undulata) and Achillea millefolium were observed; and Malvastrum coccineum at Glenwood Springs and Divide Creek. The snail, Patula cooperi, was several times noticed. eltco- psyche cases were found in Divide Creek; and sand from there yielded a trace of gold. Near Cattle Creek I took Bradycellus cognatus Gyll. and two wasps, Vespa diabolica Sauss. and Polistes aurifer Sauss. These latter illustrate that mingling of separate faunze, which helps to make Colorado so rich in species. The Vespa is truly boreal, while the Podistes extends to California, no doubt (although actual records seem wanting) across Arizona and southward. | At Glenwood Springs Lycena exilis Bdw. and Agrotis (Feltia) venerabilis Walk. were taken; and at Divide Creek Agvrotis ( Carneades) ridingsiana Grote, and Priononyx thome Fb. Here again we see two faunz; the first mentioned, Agvotis, being boreal and eastern, while the other is southern and western, ‘*Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico’’ being its range according to Prof. J. B. Smith. Near the head of North Mam Creek, on Sep- tember 14th, Vanessa antiopa was seen; and Dryops striatus Lec. was taken, the exact locality now uncertain. EAGLE, S. We traveled south of the Eagle R., along the road from Red Cliff to Glenwood Springs. The Eagle is a pretty river, clear and shallow, but the country, especially about Gypsum, is dry, with little else than sage-brush. Red sandstone hills, scattered with conifers, rise on either side of the plain in which the river flows. By Squaw Creek I took Platynus jejunus Lec., and it is a curious coincidence that the only other time I ever met with 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73 this uncommon and singular species was by Squaw Creek, in Chaffee County. Pedisca ridingsiana Rob. was found near Gypsum on September 8th. Crossing over Cottonwood Pass, on September goth, the features of the country were entirely changed. The sky cloudless blue, and rising against it gray rocks covered with lichens; and hill- sides, all Oak Scrubs Quaking Asps, Wild Cherry and Dwarf Birch. The Oak, some of the brightest green, sorne vivid red; the Aspens yellow, Wild Cherry red, and Birch yellow; all inter- mixed and giving the landscape far more color than flowers could do. aD CAPTURING CATOCALA. By A. J. Snyper, North Evanston, III. Early in the morning on August 3d, my wife and I left Farnia, Iil., for a fourteen-mile drive into a wild part of Clay County. We wished to visit a place called ‘‘ Rattle Snake Den,’’ a section which I visited several years previous with some friends who were interested in geology, and where we found some valuable fossils. It occurred to me that this same locality might prove, as it was covered with a good growth of oak and hickory trees, a good hunting ground for Catocalz. About two miles southwest of Iola, a small country post-office, we entered the woods, and finding the country much changed since my previous visit we drove but a short distance when I alighted and began my search for the creek bed which we had explored before. Whip in hand, brushing the trees as I passed, almost immediately I started a fine specimen, probably an 06- scura, and in my haste to capture it became excited and lost it. Soon, however, I had better success, and took a fine specimen on an oak, and almost at once another from a scalebark hickory near the first. Failing to find the place of which I was in search, I turned in another direction, and crossing a swampy piece of land, then dry, I started a fine cara, and an exciting chase began. The insect was so large that several times in attempting to take it with the bottle I touched its wings and it escaped. I soon cap- tured a very fine specimen, however, of the same species. My next capture was a fine grynea. After some time we found the desired locality, and, hitching the horse, we began the hunt 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, | in earnest. To use a common expression—‘‘ The woods were full of them,’’ but they were rather wild. Occasionally one would light high and necessitate taking it with the net. I found such specimens were seldom perfect though I used great care and speed in killing and removing. Later in the season I tried chloroform- ing such specimens and rather liked the plan, as in this manner I secured some good specimens which would otherwise either have been ruined or else have escaped. We searched one side of the stream only and probably a strip four rods in width and two hundred yards in length, but by noon had taken seventeen fine Catocalz, several Geometrids and a few Meonympha euryiris. Eating dinner as quickly as we could, conveniently, we began the chase again, going over the same ground and then. returning on the opposite side of the creek. We found the game (no other word seems appropriate to me) even more plentiful than in the morning. On one hickory tree I found six specimens and at least three species. Sometimes we could see them without scaring them up, but so closely do the closed wings of these beauties resemble the bark that it required great skill.and generally we found them by ‘‘ whipping’’ the trees. We were compelled to. leave the field early to reach home, and it was with much regret that we finally relinquished the chase after having taken forty fine Catocale. To me it was one of the most exciting and enjoyable days I ever spent after insects, and I was proud of our catch. We hoped to revisit this locality before the season was over, but found it impossible. On the 16th of August I took about twenty more specimens of Catocalze near Central City, Ill, and at dif- ferent times during the season took a few at sugar. I have now in my collection the following species (twenty-three in all) which I have taken in Clay and Jackson Counties, and which represent one day’s collecting and several odd hours that I could spend in the woods: viduata, desperata, flebilis, robinsonit, obscura, var. simulatilis, residua, amatrix, cara, tlia, neogama, piatrix, habilis, grynea, innubens var. scintillans, angusi var. lucilla, insolabilis, paleogama, amica and var. nerissa. I can report very successful collecting in Fayette County during the months of July and August, also some fine captures during September in Cook County. I also succeeded in raising several broods of larvze, the most interesting of which was a small brood nit > 1893. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 of Paphia troglodyta, though I almost failed in this because of absence of the food-plant here. To me the Catocale are espe- cially interesting, because so little is known of them. A certain wind brings them and then they are gone, no one knows where. I hope to hear more through the ENTOMOLoGICAL NEws con- cerning this interesting group. Oo Some old Forms of our Common Diurnals, with a few Remarks. By GrorGe A. ExRMAN, Pittsburgh, Pa. The strange variations which occur among our common insects — are looked after by the specialist with equally as much interest as new or undescribed species, as mother nature is not constant in creating her offspring alike. I had the good fortune to cap- ture a few exceedingly odd forms of our commoner species of diurnals in my locality during the past few seasons, and I wish to place them on record. Papilio turnus Linn.—A male has the color of the right pri- mary replaced by pale buff almost white instead of the usual yellow; it extends from the base to the black marginal band on the outer edge, taking up that space from the inner margin to the discal cell and extending upwards to the subcostal nervure; the black on the outer marginal band in this space is paler, other- wise the specimen is normal in structure and coloration. Papilio turnus dimorphic 9 Glaucus Linn.—Two examples _ that agree with the intermediate forms figured in Edw. Butt. N. A. 2, pl. 5, and a third example that is the same as the general run of Glaucus, but has a yellow body. Papilio asterias Fabr.—A male of the usual form, but smaller in size, and the ocellus is without the pupil spot, hence it is blind- eyed like Papilio machaon Linn. of Europe. Colias philodice Godt.—One male, normal on the upperside excepting the secondaries, on which the upper discal nervure and subcostal nervures are black; on underside of primaries there is a dark smoky arch extending from the inner angle to the discal cell. Argynnis bellona Fab.—One female which has the right hand hindwing pale fulvous from discal cell to the outer edge of wing on the upperside, and the black spots are very faint; the same 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, wing on the underside is very pale and void of all markings, otherwise the insect is normal. Grapta interrogationis Fab.; dimorphic form fadbrictti Edw.— < Normal in form and coloration, but has an odd-shaped hole in the subapical space of the right primary, and in the secondary on the same side has a large egg-shaped hole near the outer mar- gin, just above the tail. No doubt this specimen, which is a male, was injured in the chrysalid state. Limenitis disitppus Godt.—One female of the usual form and size, but with a large white blotch on the anal margin on the upperside of secondaries extending from the discal cell to the edge of the anal margin; the underside of the primaries normal, but the same side of secondaries is suffused with much white. During the Summer of 1892 I took the following species that I never met in my locality before: Zerias nicippe 1 & andi 9, Vanessa milberti 1 & and Thecla strigosa 1 %, while Euptoieta claudia was very common. These are not rare insects by any means, but they seem rare around Pittsburgh. ray Vv DONACIA. By Gus CHAGNON, Montreal. The neighborhood of Montreal, Canada, is undoubtedly the locality where, I think, the genus Donacia is the most largely represented. Thirteen of the (twenty) species described in Mr. C. W. Leng’s valuable paper, ‘‘ Synopsis of Donacia of Boreal America’’ can be found here. Last July I visited a small pond a few miles from this city, ‘vid on the large leaves of Nymphea and other plants growing on its shore, I captured Donacia emarginata, D. subtilis, D. flavipes, D. palmata, D. piscatrix, D. distincta, D. pubescens, D. pusilla, and two varieties of D. cincticornts. Provancher, in his ‘‘Coleopteres de la prov. de Quebec” re- cords four other species, viz., D. harrisit, D. hirticollis, D. equalis, D. rufa, and says that they are to be found between here and Quebec. This total of thirteen species for Montreal must be extraordinary when they are only twenty in all—Boreal America. Spheridium scarabeoides, which has been introduced from Europe, is now very common here. I had the pleasure to send several specimens of it to Dr. Geo. H. Horn. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 NOTES ON THE NOTODONTIAN GENUS ICHTHYURA. By A. S. Packarp, Providence, R. I. From an examination of the collection of the late Henry Ed- wards, in the Museum of American Natural History of New York, and my own collection, I believe that the number of spe- cies of this genus will have to be considerably reduced. I have arrived at the following results, subject to future correction, when our collections of the moths themselves shall be more complete, both in bred series and in specimens from widely scattered locali- ties, differing in meterological features, and when our knowledge of the larval histories will be far more extensive than at present. It is a pity that entomologists feel called upon to describe sup- posed new species, when, as is often the case, they are merely local or climatic varieties. A number of species'of North Amer- ican Bombyces range from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. In the damp eastern and northern States they tend to melanism; in the dry, hot region of Utah, Arizona, and other portions of the Great Basin, they tend to become pale or whitish gray, having a faded appearance, while in California with its great range of climate, from the wet and cool mountain regions of the Sierra Nevada to the dry parched desert tracts of Southern California, the conditions are favorable for the production of remarkable variations. I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Beutenmiiller, the Curator of insects at the American Museum of Natural History, for giving me access to Mr. Edwards’ collection. The more typical American species is 7 ¢zclusa Hib., of which L. palla French is a pale form. I owe to the kindness of Prof. French two type specimens; one of them is exactly like a pale normal zzc/usa, the costal silvery line being nearly straight, as in inclusa, and thus readily separable from var. ornata, the pale form of Z vau Fitch. Ichthyura vau Fitch, (Clostera incarcerata Boisduval, 1869). After examination of my type of Z zzdentata in the Harris col- lection I find it agrees with Fitch’s description. I regard Z or- nata G. & R. as only a climatic variety of Fitch’s vau, and a specimen of Z ornata G. & R., so labeled by Mr. Edwards, is also labeled ‘‘ zzcarcerata Boisd. ;’’ and on comparing Boisduval’s description of zzcarcerata with specimens of ornaza from California, Truckee Valley, Reno, Nevada, and Colorado, I do not see any specific differences. 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . [ March, I. incarcerata ( I. ornata) is a larger and generally paler form than / vau of the eastern States; and I think it is simply a cli- matic variety of the eastern form. One % and a @ in the Ed- wards collection are as dark as the typical eastern vau, and the pale form may be a seasonal variety. Indeed, Mr. Beutenmiiller informs me that in Z vaz, which he has reared, the pale form is the Summer brood, the dark individuals belonging to the Winter brood. One @ from Truckee, and a small $ from the Sierra Nevada, Cal., are very pale. ichilhera inornata Neum., Papilio ii, Oct. 7, 1882, I am strongly inclined to regard this form as a climatic variety of Z vau, var. ornata. One median-sized 9 ornata from Southern California intergrades with Z zxornata, though it is much smaller. It has the large, diffuse discal spot, and Bes leaden intervenular patches of zzornata. . Of Z inornata Neum., a male and female from Arizona are in the Edwards collection. It is the largest and palest of all our forms. It scarcely differs from Z ornata in the situation of the lines and their relative distribution; the oblique costal white line and its continuation across the wing are the same, and the obtuse, almost rounded apex of the V, does not quite reach the hind edge, just as it does not in ornata, but the loop made by the ob- tuse apex is more marked in zzornata. The short middle line, ending on the hind edge of the wing and the dislocated basal line are exactly as in ornata. . I. inornata, then, appears to be only a very large and unusually pale subochreous form of vaz, following the same law of climatic variation, z.¢., increase in size, and a pale, faded appearance in Pacific coast examples (south of Oregon), due probably to a hot, dry, desert region, with a light surface soil. By adaptation to these conditions the moths are better protected from observation, and thus the life of the species is assured. TI. luculenta Edw., Ent. Americana ii, 10, April, 1886. One @, type; north Indiana. This appears to be only a variety of 7 strigosa. It differs from typical s¢vigosa as follows: the oblique whitish line forming the inner arm of the V is a little more ob- lique and distinct than in the normal s¢vigosa. The outer arm of the V, and the silvery white costal mark is exactly as in strigosa. _— ee” 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 Ichthyura jocosa H. Edw., Ent. Americana ii, 10, April, 1886. One 9, type; Indian River, Fla. This is only a small znclusa, differing from the normal form of the species in the inner arm of the V being firmer and less sinuous, being interrupted at the union with it of the short middle line which ends on the hind edge of the wing, while in zzc/usa the line is not usually inter- rupted, although two of the zzc/usa in Mr. Edwards’ collection do have the line interrupted as in his type of Z jocosa. The latter is also more generally subochreous than usual, and without a line on the hind wing. Ichthyuria bifiria H. Edwards, Ent. Americana ii, 167, Decem- ber, 1886. This is very near Z drucez, the wings being of the same shape, and the moth of the same size, with the same beau- tiful lilac shades on the fore wings, thus differing from any other species, though it may yet be found to intergrade with drucez. The single type differs from Mr. Edwards’ type of drucez, in the oblique silver-white costal streak being more sinuous, as is also the line across the wing which forms the continuation of the streak. On the other hand the other (inner) arm of the V is straight, not sinuous, the inner two lines are about thesame. The submar- ginal spots and streaks are the same in both species. _ The most important synonymy of the North American species of /chthyura may provisionally, at least, be as follows: 1. Lchthyura inclusa Hiib. 4. Ichthyura inversa Pack. palla ath 5. Lchthyura strigosa Gr. OCOSa : 2. Beit ere ey Fitch. obese: lie Sedentaty Pack. 6. Lchthyura brucei H. Edw. incarcerata Bdv. 7. Ichthyura bifiria H. Edw. ornata G. & R. 8. Ichthyura albosigma Fitch. 3. Ichthyura astorie H. Edw. (perhaps a var. of vaz) Walker’s /chthyura apicalis is possibly Z vax, but it is impossible to determine from his brief description, as he does not say whether . the albida maculaque costali is oblique or not. In Barnston’s MS. description quoted by Walker, the larva is described as ‘brown, thick, with sixteen feet, and with a band on part of the back;’’ ‘‘feeds on the Poplar leaf.’’ This description will apply better to vaz than to any other species known to me, as I have reared vaw from the Poplar, and the larva is brown, short, though not with ‘‘a band on part of the back.’’ 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Two weeks’ collecting in N. Carolina by Henry Skinner, M.D., and description of a new moth by Prof. John B. Smith. The two weeks began July 7th, extending to July 21st. Thetime was mostly spent at Cranberry, Mitchell County. Cranberry is situated at an elevation of 3250 feet, and is a mining village, the terminus of the East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad. I was accompanied by my friend, Mr. Philip Laurent, who gave an account of the Coleoptera taken on the trip inthe | January News. The hotel at Cranberry is a model of comfort, and the table all that can be desired, and any entomological friends who wish to enjoy a stay in the mountains will be well treated at that place. We started out with great expectations, hoping to find new or modified Southern species, but were greatly disappointed, as the elevation of the region makes the fauna Canadian in character, as pointed out by Mr. Theodore L. Mead in an interesting article entitled, ‘‘ Butterflies of Grandfather Mountain, North Carolina (Can. Ent. xxiv, 313).’’ Mr. Méad’s experience was nearly the same as our own, but it is interesting to compare notes, even by collectors in practically the same field, and at nearly the same time of year. His stay was from July to September, and Grandfather Mountain is only a little over eleven miles from Cranberry. A part of Mr. Mead’s description is as follows: ‘‘ Grandfather Mountain is one of a group of mountains rising to a height of over 6000 feet in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, and forming the topmost crest of the Alleghanies.’’ It is said that there are more than twenty-five peaks in this region higher than Mt. Washington, N. H. ‘‘ The whole region one would suppose to be a paradise for mountain butterflies, and especially Satyridz, which are well represented in the foothills and lower valleys of the Alleghanies. To my surprise I did not see a single Satyrid of any species during my stay, either at Linville (3800 feet), or at any higher point.’’ (Mead) Our experience with the Satyrids was not quite as meagre, as we saw Meonympha canthus quite common on the wagon-road between Cranberry and Linville. Avzgynnis diana we did not see at all. Mr. Mead says: ‘tA single A. diana was the only sug- gestion of the rich butterfly fauna of West Virginia to the North of us.’’ Dr. Rex, a Philadelphia naturalist, says he saw dana in great abundance on iron weed ( Vernonia) on the low lands 1893.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 81 along the Linville River. He may have seen Limeniztis ursula, and, not being a lepidopterist, could not distinguish between the two species; however, I know diana is locally common in the region, and how local butterflies can be, is shown by the following: Mr. Mead says ‘‘ Argynnis cybele is rare, and I saw only a single specimen, which was smaller than the associated aphrodites, al- though cyédele is represented by really huge examples in the warmer valleys of Virginia.’’ We found both cyédele and aphro- dite, both sexes, in great abundance at Cranberry, and in many variations as to color, size and markings, some of them the huge examples spoken of by Mr. Mead as being found in Virginia. These two species were the commonest butterflies at Cranberry. We did not find a single species of butterfly not found around Philadelphia, unless we except Pamphila otho, but we even have this in its Northern dress, egereme¢. Mr. Mead, in speaking of his list which is practically the same as ours, says: ‘‘ The list is noteworthy, chiefly for the absence of nearly all the butterflies characteristic of the latitude, and of many others one would ex- pect to meet in so favorable a mountain region. It is possible that some of these missing species may be found in the early © Spring when the mountains are said to be one blaze of color with Azaleas and Rhododendrons and all manner of vernal blossoms. These butterflies may lay their eggs early, so that the larve may have the whole season to grow, and then disappear; but this is mere conjecture, based on the well attested abundance of early flowers, of gay colors well suited for butterfly fertilization.’’ I have quoted Mr. Mead’s remarks in way of explanation of the scarcity of Southern Summer butterflies, as it is very interesting and may be true, as the low temperature in the mountains may be the cause of the retardation of the growth of the caterpillars which he mentions, ‘‘ so that the larve may have the whole season to grow.’’ We wore overcoats almost every night and had log fires in the office and parlor of the hotel. The average weekly temperature for July, at Cranberry, ranges from 62 to 66 degrees, and last July the highest point reached by the mercury was July 3d, 84 degrees, with the lowest point during the week being 49 degrees. At night, during July, the highest point reached was 60 degrees, and the lowest 47, so that it is quite cool during the day and cold at night. There must be something to account for the scarcity of insects 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [March, and comparatively small number of species, both of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, as vegetable life of all kinds is here in great profusion. On the slopes of the high mountains of Carolina and Tennessee the principal trees of Appalachian forests attain their greatest size and perfection, and in a ride of a few hours, covering a rise in elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet, one may see growing in their supreme perfection the trees of the South, like - the magnolias; the trees of the Middle States, like the ashes, the oaks, the maples, and the lindens; then the birches, the pines, the mountain ashes, and the spruces of the extreme North. We ascended Grandfather Mountain and then went as far as Blowing Rock, which is thirty-two miles from Cranberry. We did not fare as well as we expected entomologically, but had a very pleasant time in every other respect. The absence of Hesperide, with the exceptions mentioned, seems remarkable. SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA TAKEN. BUTTERFLIES. Papilio philenor (Mead), a Ancyloxypha numitor, Danais archippus, Pamphila otho, Euptoieta claudia (Mead), “e manataaqua, ‘ Argynnis diana (Mead), Ludamus tityrus. ms cybele, s aphrodite, MOTHS. Phyciodes tharos, Sphinx eremitus, Grapta faunus, Thyris maculata, Pyrametis atalanta, Euphanessa mendica, _ huntera, Crocota sp. Limenitis ursula, Callimorpha lecontei, 4 disippus, Phyrrharctia isabella, Neonympha canthus, Spilosoma virginica, Thecla humul, Adoneta spinuloides, Chrysophanus hypophieas, Heterocampa trouvelotit, Lycena pseudargiolus, ¢ manteo, ‘« comyntas, Anisota stigma, Pieris rape (rare), Clisiocampa americana. Colias philodice (large & beautiful), ‘* keewaydin (Mead), NOCTUINA. ‘* eurytheme (Mead), Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides, Terias nicippe (seen at Blowing R.), . var. expultrix, ‘lisa (Mead), Acronycta hamamelis, Papilio turuus, Eueretagrotis perattenta, "y “< glaucus, Carneades tessellata, ‘< troilus, Mamestra renigera, “ asterias, olivacea, 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 Hadena arctica, ° Erastria muscosula, “ lignicolor, ‘* _ carneola, ‘< modica, : Homoptera calycanthata, Tricholita signata, Homopyralis tactus, Hydrecia nictitans, Pangrapta decorahs, a velata, . Pseudaglossa lubricalts, Leucania unipuncta, Megachyta lituratis, Scolecocampa liburna, Zanclognatha sp. Nolophana malana. - Renia brevirostralis, Cucullia convexipennis, Bomolocha bijugalis, Plusia simplex, rs scabra, ‘* precationis, Epizeuxis laurentii. Alaria florida, Epizeuxis laurentii n. sp.—Ground color very dark smoky-brown, al- most blackish, vestiture dulled, not glossy or shining. Head and thorax immaculate, abdomen slightly paler, the segments narrowly edged with very pale luteous. Primaries with the blackish ground intermixed with luteous scales, which color also emphasizes the maculation; basal half line narrow, even, luteous; t. a. line geminate, upright, irregularly angu- lated and dentate; outline broad, distinct, blackish, inner line narrow and scarcely defined; included space pale luteous, prominent; t. p. line gemi- nate, strongly and irregularly dentate, almost upright, only slightly out- curved; the inner defining line is broad, distinct, blackish, outer line nar- row and scarcely marked, included space distinct, pale luteous; s. t. line pale luteous, prominent, irregularly angulated and dentate; a black ter- minal line, interrupted on the veins..-Fringes concolorous, cut with nar- row, pale luteous streaks beyond the veins, each streak starting from a larger dot at the base of the fringes; a broad, somewhat diffuse, upright, blackish median shade; orbicular small, punctiform, pale luteous; reniform narrow, upright, or kidney-shaped, pale luteous, centred with ground color; secondaries paler than the primaries, the ground apparently very pale luteous, dusted with blackish scales; three pale lines cross the wing, the first is within the middle and is broad, diffuse and little marked; the second is better defined, narrow, and dentate; the third is near the outer margin, is very distinct, and is strongly dentate; a black terminal line, interrupted on the veins. Fringes of the pale ground of the secondaries. Beneath, the maculation is almost a reversal of the markings of the upper- side, but altogether more pale and less contrasting; a distinct black lunule on secondaries. Expands 24—25.5 mm.; .96—1.02 inches. FHlabitat.—Mitchell County, North Carolina, in July. One male and one female from Dr. Skinner, who has other specimens from the same locality. The new species is allied to emuia rather than americalis, the maculation being much the same, but the almost black ground of the new species is unlike even the darkest shadings of the gray in emu/a, and differences 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, in the course of the lines emphasize the contrast in the ground color. The specific name is suggested by Dr. Skinner, but it gives me pleasure in adopting the suggestion to testify my ap- preciation of Mr, Laurent as a good collector and as a good fellow. GEOMETRINA. Caberodes confusaria, Endropia serrata, Calocalpe undulata, Rheumaptera hastata, Epirrita cambricaria, Pterophora atricolorata. PYRALIDINA. Diathrausta pisusalis, Pantographa limata, Pyralts farinalis, Argyria nivalis, Crambus girardellus, es elegans, a agitatellus. TORTRICINA. Oenectra irrorea, Dichelia sulfureana. TINEINA. Anaphora sp. The moths are also Northern in character. Nearly all were taken at light at Cranberry. A few small Geometers and Micros are not included for want of names. ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. LEPIDOPTERA-HETEROCERA (Moths). By Prof. JoHn B. SmituH, New Brunswick, N. J. We may follow the series treated in the last number by the true Bombycide, using Bombyx mori, the well-known silk worm moth, as the type of the family, as it is the only species in our fauna referable to it. Strictly speaking, indeed, the silk worm is not a member of our fauna at all, but it has been domesticated, as we have domesticated so many animals for the benefit of man. In this species we find a small, but distinct frenulum, best de- veloped in the male, but evident also in the female. Vein 5 of both wings arises from the cross-vein almost midway between 4 and 6; the costal vein of the secondaries is connected with the subcostal by a cross-vein very near the base; the veins are nowhere crowded, and the cell is not as short as it is in some of the other forms that follow. The wings are quite large, the primaries dis- tinctly falcate, the secondaries proportionate. The head is small, retracted, the antennz pectinated in both sexes, the tongue ob- solete, and the body in the female very stout and heavy. It is i ee 1893. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 anh in the larva state that this insect is useful to man, and then only when it is full grown and prepares for pupation, spinning a very dense and thick silken cocoon which has the advantage over all others that it is spun continuously, and allows itself to be un- wound very readily. The silk is secreted by the caterpillar in two long glands, one situated on each side of the body, close to the digestive tract. These glands, taken from the full-grown caterpillar before it has begun to spin its cocoon, make the silk “‘out,’’ so well known to fishermen. Following next in the series we have the Clisocampidz. These include the genera C/istocampa, Artace and Tolype. We have here a very decided shortening of the median cell, and a tendency to a crowding of the veins of the fore wings toward the costa. The secondaries have no frenulum, and this character may per- haps be made of more use systematically than has been the case heretofore. Prof. Comstock, if I mistake not, proposes the term “frenate’’ for one series of families, though I do not remember exactly what limitation was to be given the term. In both wings in this family vein 5 belongs to the median series ; that is, it arises with or near 4, and not with or near 6. The head, as is usual in this series of families, is small, sunken, the mouth parts are obsolete, and the antennze are pectinated in both sexes, much more evidently in the male. The wings are moderate in size, rounded, not angulate at any point, and proportionately some- what larger in the male than in the female. The larve make a silken cocoon in which they pupate, but the silk is small in quan- tity and cannot be reeled. The genera referred to this family differ quite considerably in appearance, and to some extent also in habit; our common Eastern species of Clistocampa is the C. americana of Harris, the larva of which is well known as the ‘tent caterpillar.’” The eggs of this species are laid in belts on the small twigs of the food-plant. : The remainder of the Bombyces of my list, so far as they are known to me, may be referred to the Lasiocampide. In this family we find the shortening of the cell carried to the extreme, while the veins are, as a consequence, unusually long. There is, further, a crowding of the veins to the costal region on the one hand, and a tendency to a branching of the veins of the costal series on the other. In the secondaries the costal is connected with the subcostal, and usually there is quite a large cell formed Pe 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (March, at this point. There is no frenulum, but there are a small number of short veins from the costal vein near the extreme base, and these are supposed to be the origin of the structure. Vein 5 belongs to the median series in all the species examined by me. The head structure does not appear to differ very markedly from that of the preceding family, but the antennal pectinations are perhaps not quite as prominent. The wing form varies some- what in the genera, but there is quite a distinct tendency to a dentate outer margin, to a tooth on the inner margin, or to an enlargement of the costal margin of the secondaries. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy — of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. ga All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. ; s . PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1893. Ir will soon be time to get your net out of camphor and dust off your cyanide bottle and take a look for Spring insects. There is much good work to be done, especially by the field naturalist, in studying seasonal variation, and we would urge the necessity of carefully labeling every specimen with date of capture. In the diurnal lepidoptera most of our species have probably been named, and perhaps some are named which should not have been. There are two general laws which have to some extent been overlooked, they are those of seasonal variation and geo- graphical variation. These facts are well recognized in regard to some few species, as for instance in Papilio ajax and its variations and in Zy- cena pseudargiolus. Why does it not apply to all? It is well known that the Canada examples of Papilio turnus are quite different in appear- ance from the Florida ones, yet in this instance no one calls the latter floridensis. If we were to erect names for every variation in a species we would in some cases have an esis for nearly every State in the Union. When our butterflies are studied in seriés in relation to their geographical distribution, and the different seasonal broods are mapped out, we think | 1893. | ENTCMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 ‘ quite a number of names will fall into the second line. It has not been the general custom to put date of capture on the pins of individual speci- mens and on the papers of specimens in envelopes, but it should be done in all cases, as it may help solve one of the problems in relation to allied species and varieties. In our June issue of last year we had occasion to acknowledge from a kind friend and patron of. science, the receipt of a very generous contri- bution in aid of the publication of ENroMOLOGICAL News. It was owing to this help that we were enabled to make such a gratifying improvement in the journal for 1892. And now, since our last issue, we are in receipt of another liberal gift from the same gentleman, for the same purpose. It is just such timely acts of generosity as these, that not only make us feel in a great measure compensated for the time and labor gratuitously given, but they encourage us to work the harder to make this the best and most popular entomological journal in the world. PICTURES FOR THE ALBUM OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL So- ciety have been received from Dr. Geo. H. Horn (who also presented a fine picture of Dr. J. L. LeConte), Prof. F. L. Harvey, W. H. Danby, D. W. Coguillett, John D. Evans, Wm. Kayser, Lee B. Walton, W. Knaus, Nathan Banks, William J. Fox, Dr. Otto Staudinger and A. Bangs Haas (Blasewitz, Dresden, Germany), H. F. Wickham, and pictures of F. Schafhirt, W. F. Wenzel and Henry Feldman, presented by Mr. H. W. Wenzel. It should be understood that we want the pictures. of a// persons _ interested in entomology. 2 HYDRGECIA MEDIALIS.—Mr. Tutt’s note in the February number of the News illustrates how difficult it is, even by a picture, to give an adequate representation of an insect. I do not much wonder at the opinion that we had to do with a specimen or form of the European H. micacee, for there is a certain amount of superficial resemblance, which is misleading. But I assure Mr. Tutt that we have a really very different species, as I hope to prove when the full description is published. I have seen a con- siderable number of the European species, and some years ago made a tather careful comparison with our H. ob/igua Harv., which is very much nearer to micacee than the species which I have just described; indeed, I am not at all sure that it will not prove the same in the event, but this needs further study and more material than I have at my command at present. I am by no means as ready as I once was, to admit that there are any great number of species common to Europe and to N. America. JouN B. Situ. 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. The World’s Columbian Exposition.—One of the features of the exhibit to be made by the office of experiment stations at Chicago, will be a Bio- logical Laboratory in operation. It is intended that certain simple and easily understood experiments will be constantly carried on, not to get results of course, but rather to give the public an idea of how results are obtained. Asa part of this Laboratory, there will be a corner devoted to the entomologist and his contraptions, and at the request of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations, I have agreed to take charge of this Laboratory, or rather the Entomological part thereof. It is the in- tention to have, primarily, a well-equipped Laboratory, or, perhaps better, the material for such an equipment, for one of the most important features of a good Laboratury—an abundance of room—will be wanting. This will show the public at large the tools of the trade, and will embrace breeding cages, setting boards, nets, cyanide and other bottles, and indeed everything that is necessary for everyday work. To make the thing look more natural, one table will be devoted to breeding some of the well- known and easily obtained pests, and perhaps some others will be mounted or otherwise prepared for examination and study. There will be a dissecting microscope in actual use at times, and a compound micro- scope to enable the stranger to appreciate the vastness of the subject under investigation. If we find the Chicago water suitable for the pur- pose, the kerosene emulsion will be made occasionally, and, when the neighboring chemical Laboratory gets too unbearable, a fish-oil soap will be made as an antidote. It is my desire, however, to make this feature of the exhibit something more than a mere show for the “ gaping multi-, tude,” and if possible to obtain for the Laboratory a series of little con- trivances in use by entomologists, which will be of interest and use to the collector and student, more than to the casual visitor. Almost every col- lector has some little contrivance of his own, either to collect,mount, inflate, or otherwise prepare his insects; or some little dodge in rearing or keeping specimens. A series of such little notions I am anxious to secure, and would be very much obliged if any of the readers of the News who may have anything of the kind would communicate with me. The Strawberry Weevil.—In ‘Insect Life,’’ vol. iv, No. 3, Mr. Fi: H. Chittenden has an article that treats of this pest. The study made is very much more complete than that made by Mr. Beckwith, mentioned in this Department recently, and the suggestions as to remedies or modes of preventing injury commend themselves very much more. The procedure mentioned with most favor by the author is covering the beds before the appearance of the insects with a cloth, or even with old newspapers, which will serve to keep off the beetles. Contrary to Mr. Beckwith, Mr. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89 Chittenden concludes that there is only a single annual generation of the insects. It seems also that the species has been mistaken heretofore, and that instead of being Anthonomous musculus, it is A. signatus. The in- sect has also been found on the Blackberry, and indeed the statement is made that this is probably the original food-plant of the species. This brings to mind that I found the Strawberry leaf roller, Phoxopteryx comptana’quite common in Atlantic County, N. J., on Blackberries in 1892, but neither saw nor heard of their injuring Strawberries. Winter Campaigns.—The entomologist knows, what the farmer frequently -does not, that there is no time in the year when insects are not to be found in some stage. To be sure insects are not a very prominent feature of the Winter landscape, but there is no difficulty in finding a great many of them nevertheless. From the economic standpoint the Winter habits of the insects are of extreme importance, and we are often able to reach them with less trouble and more effect than during the Summer. A great many of the forms that are injurious in the orchard, Winter in the imago ‘stage, hiding in and under rubbish, or under the bark of trees, especially old Apple trees, or in the decaying or injured twigs or branches. It is very good practice, therefore, to make use of some spell of pleasant weather, to give the orchard a thorough cleaning up. Nota rubbish heap, not a dead twig or branch should be left anywhere in it. The bark of the trees should be carefully scraped, so as to remove all the loose flakes, and with them also all the insects that are hibernating under them. This will also destroy many of the insects that Winter in the pupa state, like the Codling moth, of which I have seen pupz under every scale of the old Apple trees in a carelessly kept orchard. A very little Winter work in orchards of this character may make an appreciable difference in the ‘quantity of perfect fruit the following season. In the twigs and branches that are dead or dying, many Longicorn borers may be found in some ‘stage, not the least important of which may be species of Elaphidion. These may all be destroyed by thorough removal of the infested wood. At this season it is easy to find the eggs of the Tent caterpillars on the trees infested by them. The well-known belts are easily seen with a very little practice, and they are as easily picked off and destroyed.. Perhaps the most important of the pests that may be reached in the Winter are the scale insects, many species of which infest the orchard and the nursery, often proving very destructive to young trees. Young Pear trees infested by the scurfy scale can be entirely rid of them by washing with a strong whale-oil soap the trunk and larger branches; or, instead of the soap a ‘solution of one pound kainit in one gallon of water may be used. This will leave the trees in good condition in Spring, and a healthy growth may be expected. Many other species of scales spend their life on the twigs and branches, and are not so easily reached; for these the kerosene ‘emulsion is best, and it can be used at a much greater strength than would be advisable in Summer, when the foliage would have to be regarded. Kerosene emulsion diluted nine times would be fatal to most of the scales ere) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - [March, infesting our orchard trees, even if only a single application were made. At this strength even if it does not kill the scale or the eggs which may be under it, part of the waxy or other material composing the scale will _ be loosened from its fastenings, so as to allow water to penetrate and complete the work begun by the insécticide. As a matter of practice a second spraying two or three weeks after the first is to be recommended, that the work begun by the first may be completed. Few scales, indeed, will survive such treatment, and the trees will show the beneficial effect early in the season, having nothing to retard their growth. This practice is especially important in nurseries, from which it is certain that many of ~ the plant diseases and injurious insects are widely spread at the present day. Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS | OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] ‘To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published aceording to date of recep- tion. E-NTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy”’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Owing to low subscription rate, ‘‘ extras’! will be charged for, and when they are wanted, it should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. ‘ INsEcT TRACHE#.—Dr. A. C. Stokes writes in “‘ Science” for Jan. 27, 1893, ‘‘ to confirm an important discovery made in this country, but, so” far as I have been able to learn, never corroborated in any American publication. It was Prof..George Macloskie, of Princeton College, who announced in the ‘‘ American Naturalist’ for 1884, page 567, that the so- called spiral threads of insect trachez are in reality chitinous folds of the membrane, and consequently tubules, which are longitudinally fissured.” Dr. Stokes’ observations, made chiefly on Zaitha fluminea, are described at length, and the appearance of the tracheal threads, or tzenidia, is fig- ured. The tenidia, as has been previously pointed out, are not spiral, but primarily independent of and parallel to each other. He also discusses certain “internal, chitinous, hair-like bodies arising from the fold of the teenidia and projecting into the lumen of the tubes,” and ‘‘certain minute, elliptical bodies in the teenidia, each with an internal, presumably gland- ular, appendage, to all appearance forming part of the tenidium, from which it springs.” eh VENTURESOME INSECTS.—It is perhaps worth recording in connection with notes on venturesome insects, that it has several times been my ex- 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. gI perience that I must give my net toa companion to catch Pyramets hun-— tera or atalanta, which had alighted on my back. That there is a mani- festation of something akin to curiosity on the part of many Lepidoptera is unquestionable. Butterflies return on the same round of glades in a wooded tract, and every collector must have remarked that his quarry is nore easily secured if he stands still when a desirable butterfly passes high above him rather than if he pursues. By experiment he might further remark that a thrust with a conspicuous umbrella or net at a but- terfly out of reach is almost certain to attract the insect's attention, and that in a large per cent. of instances it will return all the more speedily on account of the interference. In Indianapolis I was once attracted by a fine specimen of Papilio cres- phontes, a butterfly rare in this locality, flying over a large flower garden. I stopped and leaned over the fence to watch it. My comrade wished to know why I stopped, but I begged him to be quiet. I had no net and had little expectation of making any capture; but cresphontes flew around from point to point, and after several uncertain circuits, in each of which he gradually approached nearer to us, he at last ventured so near that, by a quick motion, I actually caught him in my hand as I leaned over the fence. It is curious to note that most of the memoranda as to venture- some insects have to do with some species of Pyrameis.—O.S. WESTCOTT. PUPARIUM OF CERIA SIGNIFERA.—In recently going over some Diptera that have been for some time in my collection unnamed, I found the fol- lowing interesting specimen. It closely resembles a Conops, and might easily be mistaken for that genus. It proves to be Ceria signifera Loew Q. This specimen was given to me by Dr. Henry Skinner; with it was a card, to which was attached a leaf, afid on this was a small pupa-case. On the card was written the following: ‘‘ Found near Bala, Pa. Dead oak leaf on ground; hatched May 13, 1889.’’ At first it was thought to be the chrysalis of a small butterfly, but it is evidently the pupa of ‘this fly. It is about 12 mm. in length (the anterior part being broken in hatching) the ground color of the empty pupa-case is brownish gray, roughly and irregularly netted with black. There is a dorsal binate row of dark brown tubercles, with single lateral rows alternating with those on the back; above and below the lateral row there is an obscure row of small tuber- cles, the posterior end has a long projection one-fourth its total length, the greater part of which is a dark glossy brown. The ventral surface is flat and firmly attached to the leaf. As far as known this species has only been recorded from Mexico, Florida and Texas; regarding the specimens from the latter locality in the type collection (Cambridge) there appears to be some doubt (see Williston’s Synopsis p. 262). Also identified Ceria daphneus Walker, collected in Jamaica, 1891, by myself. Ceria tridens Loew; was collected by Mr. Mr. E. V. Beales at Denver, Col., not before recorded east of California.—C. W. Jonnson, Philadelphia, Pa. NOTE ON CORIMELZNA ALBIPENNIS Say.—This species, described by Say in 1831, seems not to have been recognized since, and Prof. Uhler, 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, in his ‘‘ Check List,’”? accompanies it with an interrogation point. In a collection of Colorado Hemiptera which I have recently had the pleasure of examining for Prof. C. P. Gillette, of Fort Collins, Colorado, I found a specimen which agrees in every particular with Say’s description. I can have no hesitation in referring it to his species, and considering it a very well marked and distinct species. Say remarks ‘‘ This insect is mutilated, but it is a very distinct species. I obtained it on the Missouri River, when with Major Long’s exploring party.’’ Say describes it under the name of Thyrescoris albipennis, but it should be referred to Corimelena. HERBERT OSBORN. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under: the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. , Entomological Literature. Comptes RENDUS. L’ ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES, Paris, Dec. 26, 1892.— On the histology of the accessory organs of the male apparatus of Pert- planeta orientalis, P. Blatter. THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, II, pp. 137-172, Gran- ville, Ohio, December, 1892.—Additional psychological note upon the gallery spider, C. H. Turner. Tue AMERICAN NATURALIST, Philadelphia, January, 1893.—The pupa of Argyrameba edipus F., C. H. T. Townsend. February, 1893.—On a small collection of Coleoptera from the high mountains of British Co- lumbia, H. F. Wickham, figs. A peculiar seed-like case-worm from the . Grand Cajfion, C. H. T. Townsend, figs. JOURNAL DE L’ ANATOMIE ET DE LA PHYSIOLOGIE, xxviii, 6, Paris, Dec. 21, 1892.—On the structural modifications which the yellow muscles of Dytiscus present during contraction, F. Tourneaux, 1 pl. KNOWLEDGE, London, January, February, 1893.—Caterpillars (cont.), E. A. Butler, figs. ‘ Tue Orrawa NATURALIST, January, 1893.—List of Coleoptera collected in 1883-84 by Mr. T. C. Weston on, and in the vicinity of, the Cypress Hills, N. W. T., W. H. Harrington. February, 1893.—[Faunistic notes on Coleoptera], W. H. Harrington. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Leipsic, Dec. 26, 1892.—On the structure and development of the eyes of Phalangide, F. Purcell.—Jan. 23, 1893. A diluvial Periplaneta, Dr. E. Schaeff. On a new stage in the develop- ment of male Julids, C. Verhoeff. ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDELELSER, III, 5, Copenhagen, 1892.—Coleop- terous larvz in the Copenhagen Museum, F. Meinert. ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT, xiii, 1-4, Stockholm, 1892.—Cephus pyg- meus L. in North America, S. Lampa. Summer studies in Entomology, C. H. Neren. Histological studies on the digestive-canal of some lepid- opterous larve, E. Holmgren, 6 pls. On stridulation in Acherontia atro- pos L., C. D. E. Roth. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 1892, Toronto, 1893.—Notes on the rarer butterflies of the Province of Quebec, Rev. T. W. Fyles. A trip to Mt. Washington, H. H. Lyman. On the power of Insects to resist frost, J. A. Moffat. The Web-worm tiger (Plochionus timidus Hald.), Miss M. E. Murtfeldt. The mole-cricket, Gry//otalpa borealis E. W. Doran. The songs of our grass- hoppers and crickets, S. H. Scudder, figs. Economic entomology, J. Fletcher, J. A. Moffat, Rev. C. H. Bethune, S. H. Scudder. BOLETIN DE LA AGADEMIA NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS DE CORDOBA, Xii, Buenos Aires, 1892.—Argentine Dipterology—Mycetophilide,* F. L. Arribalzaga, 2 pls. ANALES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA ARGENTINA, XXXiv, 2, Buenos Aires, August, 1892.—New Hemiptera of the Argentine and Uruguayan faunas,* C. Berg.—4. October, 1892. Argentine Dipterology—Syrphidz (cont.),* F. L. Arribalzaga. ; THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, London, January, 1893.—On some points in the morphology of the Arachnida (s. s.), with notes on the classification of the group, R. I. Pocock, 2 pls. Additional notes on the origin of the trachez from setiparous glands, H. M. Barnard, fig. On the terminal organ of the pedipalp of Ga/eodes and the discovery of a homologous organ on the pedipalp of Phrynus, id. Some observa- tions on the mouth organs of Diptera, C. O. Waterhouse. ScIENCE, New York, Jan. 20, 1893.—The nest of the trap-door spider, D. Cleveland. An interesting sensory organ in certain plant lice, J. B. Smith.—Jan. 27, 1893. The structure of insect trachez, with special ref- erence to those of Zaitha fluminea, A. C. Stokes. Notes from the Cor- nell Insectary, M. V. Slingerland (observations upon plant lice).—Febru- ary 3d. Some insect immigrants in Ohio, F. M. Webster. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Bulletin No. 20.—Report on Insects, C. H. Fernald, Amherst, Mass., January, 1893. * Contains new species other than North American. 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ (March, DIE PALZARKTISCHEN GROSSSCHMETTERLINGE UND IHRE NATURGES- CHICHTE, Bearbeitet von Fritz Ruhl. 1. Doppel-Lieferung (Lief. 1 and 2), Leipzig, Ernst Heyne, 1892, 8vo. To be completed in about 75 “ Liefer- ungen”’ at 1 mark 20 pf. each. This double part contains the general part of 76 pages and the beginning of the descriptions. ANNALS OF THE NEw YorRK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vii, pp. 1-44, De- cember, 1892.—Catalogue of the described South American species of Calyptrate Muscide, C. H. T. Townsend. PRINCIPLES OF ZOOLOGY.—A Guide for Beginners, by Richard C. Schiedt, professor of Natural Sciences in Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. Lancaster, 1892, I2mo., 310 pp., $1.35. “Based upon the larger text-books of Professors Arnold Lang, Berthold Hatschek and Korschelt and Heider, which present the latest results of morpho- logical research not yet published in the English language. ... The embryological element preponderates on account of its importance for modern thought in general.’’—Preface. Tracheate Arthropoda, pp. 180- 194, 207-220. THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY, I, 3, Lawrence, Kan., January, 1893.—On the Apioceride and their allies, S. W. Williston, 2 pis. ‘Dip- tera Brasiliana, III,*+ id. RENDICONTO DELL ’ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE FISICHE E MATEM- ATICHE (2), vi, 7-12, Naples, 1892.—Some effects of the venom of the Tunisian scorpion (Buthus tunetanus) on man, A. Costa. » ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER, Vi, 5, Jena, Dec. 30, 1892.—Observations on butterflies living in water, G. W. Mueller, 1 pl. On the difference in time in the appearance of the sexes in butterflies, W. Petersen. Contri- butions to the biology of the Hymenoptera, C. Verhoeff, 2 pls. . ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, lviii, II, 2, Berlin, December, 1892.— Review of the scientific literature on Entomology for the year 1891, P. Bertkau. DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, 1892, 2, Berlin, Dasalae 1892.—Hadrosticta nov. gen. Cetonidarum from Central America near Argyripa lansbergii Sallé, Dr. G. Kraatz, 1 fig. On the biology of some ant guests, E. Wasmann. Hor# SCIENTATIS ENTOMOLOGICZ Rossica# xxvi, 1-2, St. Peters- burg, 1891.—Biology of the coprophagous and necrophagous flies, I, J. Portschinsky; 3-4, 1892. Biology of the Lepidoptera of Russia: III. Color marking and ocellate spots, their origin and development (cont.), J. Portschinsky, 2 pls. THE ENromo.ocist’s RECORD, London, Jan. 15, 1893.—Life-history of Dasycampa rubiginea, Dr. W. S. Riding. Practical hints on the ar- rangement of our cabinets, A. J. Hodges. * Contains new species other than North American. 7 Contains new genera. as 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF JAMAIca I, 5, Kingston, January, 1893. —Peripatus, [P. jamaicensis] M. Grabham, figs. A scorpion parasite, C. H. T. Townsend. Description of a new Jamaican spider, T. D. A. Cockerell. DELAWARE COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bull. xiv for December, 1891, Newark, Del., 1892?—Notes on a corn Crambid [C. caliginosellus|, M. H. Beckwith, figs. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE SraTE UNIVERSITY oF IowA, II, 3, lowa City, Iowa, January, 1893.— On the early stages of three North American Coleoptera, H. F. Wickham. Report on an entomological reconnoissance of southern Alaska, id. On two species of Coleoptera introduced from Europe, id. EVIDENCE oF MR. JAMES FLETCHER, entomologist and botanist, before the select Standing Committee of the House of Commons on Agriculture and Colonization. Session of 1892. - Ottawa. SITZUNGSBERICHTE DER KAISL. AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. CI. Abtheilung I, 1 and 2, Vienna, 1892.—Monograph of the digging wasps allied to Mysson and Bembex, A. Handlirsch, 3 pls. MEMOIRES DE L? ACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES DE ST. PETERS- BOURG (8), xxxviii, No. 5, 1891.—-The embryological development of Phyllodromia (Blatta) germanica, N. Cholodkovsky, 6 pls. XXXVIII. BerIcHT DES VEREINS FUR NATURKUNDE ZU KASSEL. 1892. —On the so-called 7riungulinus form of Mele larve, Dr. L. Weber, 1 pl. ANNALEN DES K. K. NATURHISTORISCHEN HOFMUSEUMS vii, 3, Vienna, 1892.—New forms of Hymenoptera, F. F. Kohl, 3 pls. Contribution to the Microlepidopterous fauna of the Canary Archipelago, Dr. H. Rebel, 1 pl. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1892, part 4, January, 1893.—New light on the formation of the abdominal pouch in Parnassius, S. H. Scudder. Additions to the Longicornia of Mexico and Central America, with notes on previously-recorded species, C. J. Gahan, 1 pl. Contribution to a knowledge of the Homopterous family Fulgoride,*t W. L. Distant, 1 pl. The secretion of potassium hydroxide by Dicranura vinula (imago) and the emergence of the imago from the cocoon, O. H. Latter. Further experiments upon the colour- relation between certain lepidopterous larve, pupz, cocoons and imagines and their surroundings, E. B. Poulton, 2 pls. _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, London, Ontario, February, 1893 — Candian Hymenoptera, 2, W. H. Harrington. Synopsis of the Asilid genus Blacodes, D. W. Coquillett. Notes on some injurious insects of * Contains new species other than North American. + Contains new genera. 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, Texas, F. M. Webster. The larve of the Clisiocampze, H. G. Dyar. Astatus bicolor Say, W. J. Fox. Note upon the revision of the genus Cucullia, A. R. Grote. A Trypetid bred from galls on Bigelovia, C. H. T. Townsend. The Membracidze of St. Vincent Island, W. I., F. W. Goding. INsEcT LIFE, v, 3, Washington, D. C., January, 1893.—The glassy- winged sharp-shooter (Homalodisca coagulata Say), Eds., figs. The Osage Orange Pyralid (Loxostege maclure Riley), Miss M. E. Murtfeldt, figs. The food-plants of some Jamaican Coccide, T. D. A. Cockerell. The ‘maxillary tentacles” of Pronuda, J. B. Smith, figs. The potato- tuber moth (Zita solanelia Boisd.), R. A. Wright. Food-plants of North American species of Bruchus, Eds. The strawberry weevil (Anuthonomus signatus Say), F. H. Chittenden, figs. Damage to forests by the de- structive Pine Bark Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), A. D. Hop- kins. An interesting water bug (RAeumatobates rileyi Berg.), Eds., figs. PsycHE, Cambridge, Mass., February, 1893.—Communal cocoons and the moths which weave them,*} W. J. Holland, 1 pl. On the attraction of light for the two sexes of Coleoptera, H. F. Wickham. Descriptions of new species and genera of West African Lepidoptera, II,*+ W. 1 Hol- land. A melanistic locust, A. P. Morse. A new American Lacinius, N. Banks. The larval stages of Jchthyura mulinoma Dyar, H. G. Dyar. Stray NOTES ON THE Noctu# by J. W. Tutt, F. E. S., December, 1892. Published by the author, Westcombe Hill, Blackheath [London], S. E., xxiv pp. BERICHTE DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT ZU FREIBURG I. B. vi, 2, 1891.—On the reduction of the chromatic element in the forma- tion of the sperm in Grydlotalpa vulgaris Latr., O. vom Rath. FESTSCHRIFT ZUM SIEBENZIGSTEM GEBURTSTAGE Rudolf Leuckarts, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1892.—On development history of insects, Dr. A. Tichomirow, 1 pl. | THE ENtTomovoaist, London, February, 1893.—-Remarks on variation in Vanessa atalanta and V. cardui, R. South, fig. Removal of grease from the bodies of moths, W. M. Christy. IowA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bull. No. 19, Ames, Ia., November, 1892.—Report of experiments and studies in Entomology, H. Osborn, figs. Notes on the potato-stalk-weevil ( 7vichobaris trinotata Say), F. A. Sirrine, figs. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, London, February, 1893. © —West Indian Coccidez, T. D. A. Cockerell. * Contains new species other than North American. + Contains new genera. is ll ‘ 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97 NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS DESCRIBED _ IN THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. ARACHNIDA. Araneina: Anoka peckhami Cockerell, Jour. Inst. Jam. I, p. 222, Jamaica. Phalanginz: Lacinius texanus Banks, Psyche vi, p. 403, £. Tex. COLEOPTERA. . Longicornia: New genera and species from Mexico and Central Amer., Gahan, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, pp. 255-273. DIPTERA. Blacodes cristatus Coquillett, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 33, B. truncus, clausus, p. 34, Cal. Eurosta bigelovie Townsend, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 49, N. Mex. HEMIPTERA. Membracidz: Six new species, St. Vincent, W. I., Goding, Can. Ent. XXV, Pp. 53-56. Aspidiotus palm@ Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2), iv, p. 39, Jamaica. Diaspis tentaculatus Morgan, |. c., p. 41, Jamaica. HYMENOPTERA. Stizus nanus Handlirsch, Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, CI, 1,Abth., p. 61, Ga.; S. mexicanus, p. 66, Mex.; S. guttulatus, p. 67, Mex.; S. 2anthochrous, p. 69, Tex. Stigmus temproalis Kohl, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. vii, p. 204, Guatemala; Oxybelus (Oxybeloides) columbianus, 208, Brit. Col., Wash. Coleocentrus canadensis Harrington, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 30, Ont.; Ac- thrus rufopedibus, p. 31, Montreal. Bracon anthonomi Ashmead, Ins. Life, v, p. 185; Catolaccus anthonomt, p. 185; C. incertus, p. 186, D. C. LEPIDOPTERA. Ciisiocampa ambisimilis Dyar, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 40, Cal.; C. pluvialis, p. 42, Oreg., Wash. Among the various contrivances resorted to as a safeguard against the bee-moth (Gadleria cereana Fab.), perhaps the most ingenious is that mentioned by Langstroth, of governing the entrances of all the hives by a long lever-like hen roost, so that they may be regularly closed by the crowing and cackling tribe when they go to bed at night, and opened again when they fly from their perch to greet the merry morn.--Cowan’s Curious Facts. 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. { March, The Entomological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. JANUARY II, 1893. Meeting called to order at 8.20 p.m., Dr. Horn, Director, presiding. Members present: Ridings, Liebeck, Laurent, Calvert, Skinner and John- son. Associates: Fox, Boerner, Dr. Castle. The Director announced the death, on Jan. 3, 1893, of Mr. Isaac C. Martindale, Vice-Director of the Section. Mr. Calvert offered the following, which was ordered to be transcribed in the minutes: ‘‘ This Section desires to record the sense of loss it has sustained in the death of Mr. Martindale and the appreciation in which it held the deceased. His knowledge, advice and aid were ever at the service of its members. His cheerful presence cannot fail to be missed at its meetings. While recognizing that all these advantages are no longer its to enjoy, this Section can but hope that his example will be a source of encouragement to all his co-laborers in Entomology.’’ Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens of a new species of Exdamus from Fort Klamath, Oregon. Dr. Horn said he. hoped to present, by next month, his paper on Galerucini, and also exhibit the specimens. Mr. Calvert stated that he had again commenced work on a catalogue of the Odonata of Philadelphia and vicinity, and hoped to produce a work by which all the species might be determined, by suitable synoptic tables and brief descriptions. An account of the external and internal anatomy will also be given. The speaker further said. that civilization reduced the number of species by the pollution and filling up of streams and ponds, and it is, therefore, important that the work be done as soon as possible. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws: NEW SPECIES OF NOCTUIDA. (Continued from page 253, Vol. III, No. 10.) * By Joun B. Situ, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. Setagrotis terrifica n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 2.—Pale whitish luteous, the ordi- nary spots more white, outlined by a black filling in the cell. T. a. line imperfect, hardly traceable; t. p. line evenly outcurved, denticulate on the veins; s. t. line marked by a series of fuscous spots. Secondaries white. Beneath white, powdered with black, with a black discal spot and an outer line on both wings. “Expands 34—35 mm.; 1.36—1.40 inches. Hab.—Colorado. Bruce, No. 51. Two male specimens. The species differs from the described forms in the luteous ground color and in the unusually long an- tenne. ——— 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99 Carneades siccata n. sp. PI. vi, fig..1.—Pale whitish gray with a luteous tinge, powdered with black. On the primaries this powdering sometimes darkens the s. t. space completely. The median lines are black, incom- pletely geminate. Thes. t. line is pale, defined by the black powderings in the s. t. and terminal spaces. Claviform wanting. Orbicular small, round, black; reniform large, kidney-shaped, black. Secondaries white. Expands 34—37 mm.; 1.36—1.48 inches. Hab.—Colorado. Bruce, No. 140. Differs from all the described species by having pectinated an- tennz. It somewhat resembles forms of Porosogrotis rileyana, but differs in the sexual characters deciding the reference to Car- neades. Carneades edictalis n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 3.—Fuscous-brown, collar with a median darker line; all the lines present. Basal line geminate, interrupted on cell. T. a. line distinctly geminate, inner line brown, outer blackish. T. p. line geminate, outer line vague, inner line lunulate or crenulate. S. t. line marked by preceding dusky’spots and shades; claviform very small. A blackish shade before and between the ordinary spots. The orbicular round, slightly paler, reniform upright, constricted centrally, dusky filled inferiorly. Expands 35—38 mm.; 1.40—1.52 inches. Hab.—Colorado. Bruce. Nos. 70, 207, 326. Three males are at hand, the antennz pectinated. This spe- Cies is, therefore, related to the preceding, szccafa, and with it forms a distinct group in the genus. Cerapoda stylata n. gen. et sp. PI. vi, fig. 4—-Ash-gray with black pow- derings, median lines very widely separated, the t. p. very even, nearly parallel with outer margin. S. t. line almost obsolete, traceable in the ‘dark terminal space only by two long, pale dents on veins 3 and 4, form- ing a prominent W. A dusky shade in the cell relieves the pale ordinary spots. Secondaries white, with a punctiform outer dark line. Expands 36—38 mm.; 1.45—1I.52 inches. Hab.—Colorado, Bruce. Nos. 23, 99, 208. The genus is characterized by a series of long, curved, out- wardly divergent, claw-like spines on the outer sides of the tips of the fore tibiz and tarsi. It resembles the pale forms of On- cocnemis. Oncocnemis pudorata n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 8.—Belongs to the fasciatus section of the genus, and most like éenwifascia, though larger. Color of head, thorax and primaries a dull, olivaceous powdery fuscous gray, with all the markings indefinite. A whitish band beyond the t. s. line is most evident, and is continued across the otherwise black secondaries. Ex- panse 28—29 mm.; 1.12—1.16 inches, - 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, { March, Hab.—Laggan. British Col., Agnes Lake 6700 feet, Aug. 19, 1891, Mr. Thos. E. Bean, Nos. 458, 491, 3 and 9. Oncocnemis colorado n. sp. PI. vi, fig: 5.—Resembles chandleriin color and appearance, and differs ‘from it in color characters mainly in the less contrasting maculation, the very indistinct spots preceding the vague s. t. line, and in that the t- p. line is even and_not lunulate. The sexual char- acters are like those of augustus; and not like those of chandleri. Ex- pands 34 mm.; 1.35 inches. - Hab.—Park County, Col. Bruce. - Types are in the United States National Museum, in Mr. Neu- | moegen’s collection and in the Rutger’s College collection. The species seems not uncommon, and it is quite likely that it has been confused with .chandleri. . Indeed, I have so named it my- self, at first considering the. ornamental characters as spa: varietal. Mamestra. languida n. sp. Pl..vi, fig. 6. * fe eseinta ts aan ‘sss iieie in general appearance. Differs i in the absence of: the t. a: line, by having the t..p. line even, rather than lunulate, by the darker shade. extending over the costal region and through the median cell to the t. p. line, and, finally, by the whitish secondaries. Expands 37-5 mm.; 1.50, inches. Hab.—Colorado. Bruce, No. 261. The resemblance to purpurissata extends to the antennal struc- ture and to the relative proportion of thorax and abdomen. In ornamentation the resemblance becomes less striking on critical comparison. "Mamestra segregata 1 n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 11.—Very dark purplish brown, verging: on blackish; a more reddish shade through the centre of the. wing, the lighter regions relieved by gray powderings, Transverse lines all present, black or blackish, geminate, gray filled. Median lines ap-. proximate in the submedian interspace, connected by a black streak from. the end of the claviform. Ordinary spots large, gray powdered, orbicular oblique, sometimes incomplete above. S. t. line yellowish sinuate, de- fined by black scales. Secondaries deep smoky-brown. Expands 36 mm,; 1.43 inches. Fab. —Laggan,. British Col., at light, May 13th and r7th. Bean, Nos. 447, 531, 3 and 9. i Differs from; all the described species by the combination of very dark brown color, connected median lines and even s. t. line. : Agrotiphila maculata n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 7.—Black and whitish gray, the markings contrasting. The patagie are gray margined, and the dorsum : : ’ : 3 NEW NOCTUIDA (Smith). t , e 4 een _ pale, yellowish fringes. Expands 28—30 mm.; 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 101 has a strong admixture of gray scales. Primaries with the median space darker than the rest of the wing in which gray is the ground upon which ‘the black markings are laid. Basal line darkening the base of the wing. T. a. line broken, with an apparent inward angulation. T. p. line single, denticulate on the veins. S. t. line line marked only by a variably con- tinuous dusky shade in the s. t. space. A series of black lunate terminal spots. Ordinary spots gray, defined by the black filling of the cell. Secondaries blackish smoky. Expands 31—32 mm.; 1.24—1.28 inches. Hab.—Laggan, British Col., above timber, Bean. Nos. 461, 463. Belongs to the typical section of the genus, but is different from all in the blotchy appearance of the margings. A peculiar glis- tening reflection of the secondaries caused them to photograph nearly white, and in this the figure given is incorrect. Agrotiphila incognita n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 9. Smoky fuscous, part of the basal space and all beyond I. p. line of primaries paler, with a yellowish shade. Median lines geminate, very even, t. a. line with a slight inward angulation. S. t. ltne very even, pale and distinct. A blackish terminal line. Secondaries yellowish, margins blackish powdered. Expands 26— 30 mm.; 1.04—1I.20 inches. Hab.—Laggan, British Col., above timber. Bean, Nos. 462, 492: This is an ally of 4. rigida, with which it agrees in structural characters. It differs obviously by the entirely different median lines and by the yellowish secondaries. Scotogramma uniformis n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 12.—General color a dull grayish luteous with an even and rather dense powdering of black hairs and scales. Head and thorax immaculate: primaries with vague traces of the ordinary markings in the form of dusky clouds. Secondaries smoky, with'a yellowish tinge in the disc, fringes pale yellowish. Ex- pands 33 mm.; 1.32 inches. Hab.—Laggan, British Col., July 31st, far above timber (7000 feet). Bean, No. 465. Belongs to the section of the genus with hairy vestiture and obviously distinct from all by the lack of any distinct ornamen- tation. Scotogramma luteola n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 10.—Ash- -gray to fuscous or lu- teous gray, black powdered. The median lines are blackish, distinct, single, even or denticulate on the veins. S. t. line marked by a dusky preceding shade, divided into three clouds. A vague median shade darkens the inferior portion of the median space. The ordinary spots are wanting, or so vague as to be undescribable. Secondaries smoky with ; 1.16—1.22 inches. a0 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {March, Hab.—Laggan, British Col., 6700 to over 7000 feet, July and August. Bean, Nos. 463, 495, 496. Belongs to the series with hairy vestiture, and resembles phoca in wing form, differing obviously in the ornamentation, and most prominently in the secondaries, which in the new species are smoky, while in phoca they are dull yellow. oO Vv NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF WEST AFRICAN LIMACODIDA.—I. By W. J. HoLLanp, Ph. D., Pittsburgh, Pa. (Unless otherwise indicated the species are all from the valley of the Ogove.) 3 SEMYRA Walk. 1. §. lineata sp. nov. ¢'.—Body and appendages dark brown. Prima- ries liver-brown; a very dark brown curved line runs from near the apex to the base below the costa and is interrupted near the end of the cell by a bright silvery spot; a similar dark brown line runs from near the apex inwardly to about the middle of the inner margin; there are a few brown rays near the base below the cell. The secondaries are wax-yellow, with the fringes darker. On the underside the primaries are pale brown, with the neurations whitish. The secondaries are of the same color as on the upperside, but the neurations are whitish and stand out distinctly upon the dark ground. The fringes on the underside of both wings are dark brown. Expanse 30 mm. PARASA Moore. 2. P. viridissima sp. nov. ¢’.—Front dark brown. Antennz brown; the upperside of the thorax very dark green; the upperside of the abdomen bright pea-green; lowerside of the thorax tinged with brownish. Legs brownish; lowerside of abdomen pale green. Primaries bright green, with the base and the marginal area brownish. - The marginal brown band is produced inwardly at the second median. The secondaries are pale green, with the margin pale brown. On the underside the wings are marked as on the upperside, except that there is no brown at the base of _ the primaries, and the nervules are whitish contrasting with the darker ground color. Expanse 32 mm. EUCLEA Hiib. 3. E. divisa sp. nov. ¢'.—Antennz brown; front reddish. Body above and below brown. Legs concolorous. The primaries on the upper sur- face are wood-brown, with the basal half dark brown, the basal area being separated from the rest of the wing by a pale whitish curved line running from before the apex inwardly to the inner margin one-third of its length from the base. The secondaries are uniformly wood-brown; the ander - side of both wings is wood-brown. Expanse 24 mm. : . | Se 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 4. E. brunnea sp. nov. 3).—This insect is uniformly throughout dark brown. The secondaries are a trifle darker than the primaries. Expanse 23 mm. LATOIA Gueér. 5. L. nana sp. nov. ¢'.—Antennze brown; upperside of thorax green; upperside of abdomen dark brown. Legs and lowerside of body dark brown. Primaries pale brown, traversed by a broad band of paler brown running from the costa below the apex to the inner margin. Secondaries uniformly very pale brownish. The underside of the wings is uniformly of the same color as the upperside of the secondaries with the coste and outer margin dark brown. The limbal band on the primaries reappears faintly on the underside. Expanse 25 mm. 6. L. viridifascia sp. nov. ¢’.—Antennz brown. Front and upperside of thorax pale green; upperside of abdomen pale green, shading into pale brown at the anal extremity; lowerside of thorax and abdomen with the legs and palpi dark brown. Primaries maroon, with the marginal area pale cinereous and the fringes dark brown. The dark area is interrupted about the middle of the wing by a band of pea-green, running from the inner margin parallel to the outer margin as far as the costa, constricted at the origin of the third median. The secondaries are wax-yellow. On the underside the primaries are marked as on the upperside, but with the markings fainter and poorly defined. The neurations are lighter than the ground color of the wings upon the underside. Expanse 27 mm. 7. L. (?) albipuncta sp. nov. ¢‘.—Front and collar ferruginous. An- tennz brown; upperside of thorax and abdomen dark maroon; lowerside of abdomen reddish. Legs dark brown, with the tarsi pale ferruginous, heavily clothed with hairs. The upperside of the primaries and secon- daries are uniformly dark marooitlike the upperside of the thorax. The discs of both wings are semi-diaphanous; upon the primaries at the mid- dle of the inner margin there is a moderately large, oval, whitish spot. Expanse 21 mm. ‘PTILURA gen. nov. $.—Antenne moderately long, pectinated for three-fourths of the distance from the base, terminating in a simple filament. . Palpi porrect, with the second joint longer than the other two, the third short, and all the joints clothed with moderately long hairs. Legs with the femora clothed heavily with hairs upon the inner margin, The tibize of the last pair are armed with four spurs near the end. At the extremity of the abdomen there are three tufts of plumose scales, two above diverging and directed upwardly, and one below above the anal opening directed downwardly. The primaries are subtriangular, with the costa straight for two-thirds of the dis- tance from the base, then curving regularly to the apex. The : 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, inner margin is straight; the apex is very slightly rounded; the outer margin is very slightly curved and the outer angle is evenly rounded. The secondaries are subpyriform, with the outer margin even rounded. Type P. argyraspis Holl. 8. P. argyraspis sp. nov. <’.—Antennz, front, palpi, and upperside of thorax brown. Abdomen on the upperside paler brown; the underside of the palpi and of the abdomen pale brown; the extremities of the tibize of the second and third pairs of legs and the extremities of the femora in the third pair are marked with whitish. The primaries are brown, with the limbal area dark brown, and the intraneural spaces ornamented with black velvety subhastate lines and spots, accentuated with greenish silvery markings as follows: a large subhastate spot before the base near the inner margin, above which is a small oval spot; near the end of the cell at the origin of the third median, a large hastate spot with its point turned toward the cell; beyond this a submarginal series of smaller subhastate spots in- terrupted between the second and third median. The first and last spots of the series are the smallest; the third and the fourth, reckoning from the apex, are the largest. Beyond this series of spots there is a faint submar- ginal brown line. The border is defined by a marginal brown line, and the fringes upon the interspaces are dark brown, the extremities of the nervules being marked by paler brown; there are also two dark brown spots about the middle of the costa. The secondaries are uniformly wood-brown, with the fringes checkered with paler color at the extremi- ties of the nervules. On the underside the primaries and secondaries are obscure brown with the fringes distinctly checkered with obscure yellow- ish at the ends of the nervules. The primaries have a dark spot on the costa beyond the end of the cell. The secondaries, which are paler on - the basal half, have a narrow discal mark at the end of the cell, followed by an obscure transverse brown line running from the costa to a point above the anal angle. Expanse 50 mm. MIRESA Walk. g. M. transversata sp. nov. .--Antennz brown. Body and appendages bright ferruginous. The primaries are bright ferruginous, shining near the base and inner margin; a dark brown, almost black, gently curved line runs from the apex to the inner margin, terminating at a point one- third of the distance from the base. This is succeeded on the outer mar- gin by a similar line running from the apex, curving inwardly and termi- nating upon the outer margin, one-third of the distance from the outer angle. The secondaries are wax-yellow, shining on the inner margin, with the fringes dark brown. The underside of both wings is wax-yellow, with golden reflections; the transverse dark line of the upperside reap- _ pears very faintly upon the underside of the primaries. Expanse 45 mm. 10. M. pyrosomoides sp. nov. ¢'.—Allied to AZ pyrosoma Butl., from Madagascar, but larger and otherwise greatly differing. The antennz = 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 and front together with the collar and forward edge of the thorax on the upperside are bright yellowish ferruginous. The posterior part of the thorax is reddish brown; the upperside of the abdomen is yellowish fer- ruginous; the underside of the thorax and abdomen is darker brown; the legs are dark brown; the anterior pair are ornamented with silvery marks upon the upper end of the tibiz. The primaries are densely clothed with shining brown scales, shading into yellowish on the inner margin near the base; they are ornamented by an obscure transverse median band of raised scales ant by a similar very obscure subquadrate spot beyond the end of the cell. The fringes are dark brown; the secondaries are pale shining brown, with the fringes darker; the underside is wax-yellow, with the cell of the primaries darker, and the inner margin of the primaries paler. Expanse 42 mm. it. M. auribasalis sp. nov. All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1893. ONE of the objects in starting the NEws was to secure the early publi- cation of papers too short for the Transactions of the American Entomo- logical Society, and alo those of a more popular character which were unsuited for a publication like that of the Society. News notes, resumé of literature, etc., were to be important features. We also determined, as nearly as possible, to have the journal appear promptly the first of each month. Systematic workers in Entomology knowing from expe- rience, how long they had to wait for the appearance of their papers in print when presented for publication in the Transactions and Proceedings of the learned societies and government publications took advantage of the regular appearance of the News and sent their articles to that journal. We did our best to try and publish them and each year increased our quota of pages, and in special instances largely increased the number of pages in individual numbers, but we soon found, in spite of our best will and willingness to oblige, that we were compelled to call a halt, as each month we had enough mss, for three or more numbers in advance and everybody was clamoring for an early appearance in print. We then és- tablished the rule that papers would appear according to date of recep- tion, but this did not entirely cure the evil, so we made the rule that no technical paper should occupy more than two pages, brevier type, but still they came, and now do come, all well worthy of publication, but the question is how to doit. We give much for the ese! and can do no more, and earnestly request authors to keep within our limit of two pages | for the more technical papers. In some cases authors have voluntarily paid for more space, apd to have their papers go in a certain issue, and we state this to show that there is not a favored few. We will do our best, but it can’ hardly be expected that we should publish all our mss. in one number, or take up too many pages with one article, as our motto is, something in each number of interest to every reader. — Te or; OE 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. The Black Peach Aphis.—In Bulletin No. 40 of the Cornell Experiment Station Mr. Slingerland has an article on the Black Peach Aphis, Aphis persice-niger, which has, it seems, made its appearance in destructive numbers in some sections of New York State. Nothing is added to our knowledge of the history of the insects, and under the head of remedies he makes the statement concerning the root inhabiting form that ‘‘ There is on record no experiments in the destruction of this form.”’ * * * This is not strictly correct; in Bulletin No. 72 of the New Jersey Station I rec- ommend kainit for the root form of this insect, and in Bulletin No. 75 I quote the positive testimony of Dr. E. F. Smith, who made the experi- ment, that tobacco dust had been tried with great success. In my report for 1890 I cite the testimony of growers as to the effects of applications of kainit on infested ground, and throughout my reports are notes on the’ same subject. If my memory serves me, Mr. Alwood, of the Virginia Station, has also stated at some meeting of econgmic entomologists that tobacco had been successfully used by him or in his State. Dr. E. F. Smith has, somewhere, published his experiments on the root forms of the peach louse in some detail, and Mr. Slingerland, however small his faith in the efficiency of the remedies, might at least have stated that claims have been made for them; leaving it open to the farmers to make experiments if they choose. Though I have made no experiments which have any claim to be called conclusive, yet the uniform success that has attended a liberal use of kainit in peach orchards infested by these root lice, leads me to feel safe in making positive recommendations. Thus far I have not found a case where the applications have failed. The trouble with the trees was not starvation in all cases, but entirely an aphid attack. Carnivorous and Herbivorous Insects.—The food relations of some of our supposed predaceous insects have been carefully studied by Prof. S. A. Forbes, and some contributions have been made on the subject by Mr. F. M. Webster and others. Among the predaceous forms the Coccinel- lidz have been shown to be by no means as universally carnivorous as was once supposed, but that vegetable matter, and particularly fungus spores formed a considerable proportion of their nourishment at some seasons of the year. Coccinella 9-notata is one of the most common of our “lady birds,’’ and there is no question that, in both larval and adult stages, much, and sometimes all of its food is furnished by plant lice, Others as well as myself have actually observed them feeding voraciously on quite a number of species of aphids, so that this habit of the species is in no doubt. Zpzlachne borealis, on the contrary, is as universally known as an herbivore, which is gradually but steadily increasing in num- 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, bers and in destructives, in New Jersey at least. I was curious to know just what, if any, difference in mouth structures accompanied this diver- gence in habits, and dissected out the parts in the above-mentioned spe- cies, and with a somewhat unexpected result. While in the Zpi/achite I tlh Mh | ey) Fig. 1, found a stout, chitinous mandible with a prominent acute apical and two smaller internal.teeth, such as might well belong to a carnivore, I found in the Coccinella a mandible which I would as readily have referred to a pollen or fruit feeder. The mandible is distinctly compound, with all the sclerites well marked, the apical tooth small and bifid. It will be noticed by comparing the figures herewith given that the differences are not con- fined to the mandibles, but extend to all of the mouth structures. The — 1893. | * ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 maxillz are quite radically different in the development and the texture of the parts, and in this respect the Coccine//a more resembles other pre- daceous insects. The form and arrangement of the sclerites of the labium . differ throughout, and show no family resemblance in any character that I have noted. The labrum of Coccinella differs markedly in form from that of Z7- lachne, but yet more markedly in the sensitive structure beneath it—the epipharynx. A marked peculiarity in Coccined/a is found in a central and basal series of sensory pits which are not furnished with tactile hairs. The latter are few in number, as compared with Zpz/achne, and are much less regularly arranged, but many, if not most of them, have around the base a number of supplemental pits, which are not furnished with per- ceptible processes of any kind. I have made no detailed comparisons between the parts, preferring to let the figures speak for themselves, but it gives an indication of differences remaining to be studied, and con- tradicts a generalization which I had been inclined to make, that com- pound mandibles would be rarely found in predaceous forms. EXPLANATION TO BASE FIGURES. Fig. 1.—Mouth-parts of Zpilachne borealis: a, maxilla; 6, labrum; c, mandible; d, labrum beneath—epipharynx. Original. Fig. 2.—Mouth-parts of Coccinella 9-notata: a, maxilla; 6, labrum; c, mandible; d, labrum beneath—epipharynx. Original. The Cattle Tick.—Bulletin No. 24, of the Texas Station, on the above subject is an-unusually interesting and valuable one. Dr. Cooper Curtice, its author, is well known as a veterinarian, and has devoted himself more especially to a study of the parasites of domesticated animals. The his- tory of this tick is very completely given, and there is much information concerning the structure and physiology of the insect, while the author leaves yet some problems for others to solve. There is a consideration of the relation of the ticks to ‘‘ Texas fever’’ in cattle, but Dr. Curtice is apparently not convinced that any real relation exists between them. Dr. M. Francis treats of remedial measures, and finds several of the sheep dips preferable to the kerosene emulsion. He does not find that Mr. H. E. Weed’s recommendation of sulphur is warranted by experience in Texas. The efficiency of the sheep dips as compared with the kero- sene emulsion is somewhat surprising, and warrants more careful study of the composition of these dips. I GIvE a new locality for the Lycena sonorensis, it being in the Yosemite on the trail leading to the foot of the Upper Yosemite Falls. I took sev- eral between the Columbia Rocks and Valley View Point during the month of May, 1892, and they were seen on the opposite side around Union Point on the trail leading to Glacier Point during the month of June, but they were so worn I took none of them.~—J. B. Lempert, Yosemite, Cal. 4* 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ° - [April, Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTEKS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to makeit necessary to put “‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Owing to low subscription rate, ‘‘ extras’’ will be charged for, and when they are wanted, it should be so stated-on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. Dr. Horn expects to be absent from this city from the middle of April to the first of June. This note will explain to correspondents the cause of delay in receiving replies. Tue News begs to acknowledge the receipt, on several occasions, from Mr. V. R. Pratt, of copies of the Reynoldsville (Pa.) Volunteer, contain- ing his articles on the entomology of Reynoldsville and vicinity. The last one received is on Compound eyes, whose structure Mr. Pratt illus- trates by the piling together of six-sided church steeples to form a hemi- sphere, with the points of the steeples in the centre, the bases of the steeples on the surface representing the facets. The article is an excel- lent example of the interest which can be imparted to presentations of the facts of Entomology. ’ THE many friends and scientific correspondents of Dr. John Hamilton, of Allegheny, will be delighted to know that he is on the fair road to re- covery from his recent protracted illness, which threatened at one time to terminate fatally. He has been confined to his bed since the 5th of Feb- ruary, but is again able to sit up for a part of each day, and hopes ere long to be able to resume his studies of the Coleoptera, in which he has done so much excellent work. He has in hand a lengthy paper upon the bee- tles of Alaska, which will-be a most valuable contribution to our know- ledge of that comparatively little-known field, and his Catalogue of the Coleoptera of western Pennsylvania is in such a state that it might soon go to the hands of the printer. It is earnestly to be desired that he may live to publish these papers upon which he has expended many years of diligent labor.—W. J. HOLLAND. Tue imago of C. dione first makes its appearance about June 2oth. The insect is found in the greatest abundance on tall slough grass, as is also C. tha. However, I have rarely found them on wet, marshy ground. C. dione is not difficult to collect, as it may often be seen hanging to the side of the grass blade and easily captured before disturbed. When once disturbed, however, its flight is rapid and very hard to follow with the eye. 1893. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 There are two broods in a season, the second making its appearance in July. In the latter part of July and August the species is most abundant, but nearly all specimens are badly demoralized, and a perfect one is hard to find. The favorite flower of the butterfly is a species of milkweed. From the milkweed I have sometimes taken as many as twenty specimens with a single stroke of the net, all of which, with a few exceptions, proved to be imperfect. A description of the life habits of C. dione is in most respects identical with that of C. ‘ha. The appears a few days before dione, but is not nearly so abundant in this locality. The larva of C dione seems to be an especial attraction to the ants; on the food-plant I have seen larva completely covered with them. Whether the larva itself is the attraction or the gummy product of the plant I do not know. The ants appear to be friendly, and never do them any injury. This is also the case with C. tha, as doubtless with all Chrysophanus larva HENRY G. WILLARD, Grinnell, Iowa. JouHN OBADIAH WeEstwoop, M.A., F.L.S., honorary president of the British Entomological Society, died in London, January 2d. Prof. West- wood was born in Sheffield in 1805. He was educated at Litchfield, and was appointed in 1861 to the professorship of zoology founded at Oxford by the munificence of the late Rev. F. W. Hope. In 1855 the Royal Society awarded him one of the royal medals for his scientific works, and in 1860 he was elected to fill the place of the illus- trions Humboldt as corresponding member of the Entomological Society at Paris. He wrote: Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects,” “Entomologists’ Text Book,”’ published in 1838; ‘‘ British Butterflies and their Transformations,” in 1841, and a number of other works of a similar ~ nature. It may be of interest to the readers of the NEws to know that I took one 2 specimen of Spi/osoma prima Slosson at electric light last Summer. Very likely more could have been captured, but not being on the lookout for the species, may have passed them over as the more commoner species of the same family. I saw a specimen of prima in New York, and at once recognized my unnamed specimen. It has, I believe, only previously been taken in the White Mountains. I can record the capture here of Calymnia calami Harvey, last July. I have not seen it mentioned in any New York lists.—Cuas. S. McKNIGHrT. Our KNOWLEDGE oF INsEcts.—In England we have about 12,000 spe- cies of insects, and it is perhaps not to be expected that the ultimate total, when all the smallest species have been collected and studied as assidu- ously as the larger ones, will exceed this estimate by more than a few hundred, or at most one or two thousand. But with foreign countries it is very different; and I must confess that I was surprised, when I lately received a fine new species of Phasmida from Madagascar, to find that barely half a dozen species had yet been recorded from that island. If this is the state of our knowledge of such insects as Phasmida, how im- 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, perfect must it be of the smaller species of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc., many of which are of almost microscopic dimensions. Many insects are so local and so closely connected with plants which disappear before civilization that the same fate of extermination which has fallen on so many of the larger animals during the last century cannot but fall heavily upon these also. It is not too-much to say that it is highly pro- bable that a large proportion of the insects at present existing in the world will become extinct before their existence is even known to scientific men.—W. F. Kirsy in ‘‘ Knowledge.”’ FOOD-PLANTS OF THE POTATO STALK-WEEVIL, 7vichobasis trinotata. Say.—This insect has for many years been known as affecting the stem of the potatoes, but of late is either changing its larval habits somewhati or else entomologists are becoming more apt in their investigations; pos- sibly both. A recent Bulletin from the Iowa Experiment Station gives, besides the potato, several species of ‘‘Ground Celery’”’ and the ** Horse Nettle,’’ while lately one of my correspondents near Cincinnati, Ohio, is complaining bitterly of injuries to his egg plants ‘‘ during the last three - years.’’ Some sections of these affected plants of last year sent me Feb- ruary 1st contained adults of this weevil. It will now be in order to watch the tomato. The list of food-plants of the larve, as now understood, will stand as follows : Solanum tuberosum, Miss. Margaretta H. Morris, Harris Ins Inj. Veg., 1841, p. 72; Flint ed. pp. 81-82. Solanum carolinense, Physalis philadelphica, P. virginiana var. am- bigua, P. lanceolata, F. A. Sirrine, Bull. 19, lowa Agri. Exp. Station, November, 1892 (issued February, 1893), pp. 589-94. Solanum melongena, F. M. Webster. Prof. C. P. Gillette (Bull. 12, lowa Agri. Exp. Station, p. 547) stated, in 1891, that he had observed the adults in Winter in two species of Piy- salis, but does not give the species.—F: M. WEBSTER, Wooster, Ohio. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws,, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Pliny, to whom the origin of the sweet, viscid fluid (honey-dew) secreted by the Aphides was unknown, says, ‘‘it is either a certaine sweat of the skie, or some unctuous gellie proceeding from the starres, or rather a liquid purged from the aire when it purifyeth itself.” 1893. ] ENTCMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 Entomological Literature. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Leipsic, Jan. 30, 1893.—On the parasitism of the Pseudoscorpions, F. Leydig. Le NATURALISTE, Paris, Feb. 1, 1893.—The means of defense of some nocturnal Lepidoptera, L. Cuenot, figs. THE AMERICAN NATURALIST, Philadelphia, March, 1893.—Notes on Ohio and other Phalangidz, C. M. Weed. THE ENYTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD, London, Feb. 15, 1892.—Heliothis armigera [bred in imported? tomatoes], J. W. Tutt. ATTI DELLA SOCIETA VENETO-TRENTINA DI SCIENZE NATURALI (2), I, Padua, 1893.—The family Phytoptini, G. Canestrini, 16 pls. LepipopTErRA INpica. By F. Moore, part xii, London, L. Reeve & Co., 1892.—Pp. 273-317, pls. 87-94. This part completes volume i. THE JOURNAL OF THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAL HIsTory, xv, 3 and 4, Feb. 24, 1893.—Mordellidz in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, C. Dury. ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, lix, I, 1, Berlin, December, 1892.— On the various types of six-footed larve among the fresh water mites, Dr. P. Kramer. BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT, Erlangen, Feb. 1, 1893.—Sounds by ants, E. Wasmann.—February, 15th. Self mutilation by Phryganid larve, Grafin M. von Linden. ICONOGRAPHIE SUR QUELQUES SAUTERELLES VERTES*} par Alphonse Pictet et Henri de Saussure, Geneve. Imprimerie Aubert Schuchardt, 1892, pp. 28, pls. 3, 4to. THE ENTOMOLOGIsS?T’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, London, March, 1893.— Notes on some experiments in hybridising Burnet Moths (Zygzenze), W. H. B. Fletcher. Many notes. THE ENnTomo_ocist, London, March, 1893.—The West Indian species of Ceroplastes,T. D. A. Cockerell. The cyanide reaction with yellow Lepidoptera, F. H. P, Coste. y ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xix, 3, Berlin, February, 1893.—Re- marks on C. Escherich’s ‘‘ Biological significance of the genital appen- dages of insects,’”’ C. Verhoeff. ; CaTALoGus HyMENOPTERORUM hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Auctore, Dr. C. G. de Dalla Torre. Vol. vi: Chrysididze (Tubulifera), Lipsize Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, MDCCCXCII, pp. Viii, 118. * Contains new species other than North American. +t Contains new genera. 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ScieNcE, N. Y., March 10, 1893.—Notes on the wing color of North - American Locusts belonging to the subfamily Oedipodine and its seem- ing relation to climatic conditions, L. Bruner. VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOLOGISCH-BOTANISCHEN GESELL- SCHAFT IN WIEN, xiii, 4, January, 1893.—On the pouch-shaped abdominal appendages of the female butterflies of the Acreidz, A. F. Rogenhofer, » BULLETINO DELLA SOCIETA ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA, xxiv, 3, Flor- ence, Jan. 28, 1893.—Revision of the European species of mosquitoes, Culicidz, E. Ficalbi. New or little known Coccide, A. T. Tozzetti, figs. THE BritisH NATURALIST, London, March, 1893.—Portrait and sketch of J. A. Clark. Entomological nomenclature, C. W. Dale. The Ptero- phorina of Britain (cont.) J. W. Tutt. Is moisture the cause of melanism? J. E. Robson. BULLETIN OF THE OHIO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, No. 45, December, 1892.—Insects affeeting the Blackberry and Raspberry, F. M. Webster, 38 figs., 88 species recorded.—No. 46, Underground Insect Destroyers of the Wheat plant, id. figs. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, No. 93, Washington, D. C., 1892.—Received Feb. 28, 1893.—Some insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado, and other points in the Tertia- ries of Colorado and Utah, S. H. Scudder. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, pt. cvi, London, January, 1893.— Arachnida Acaridea, O. Stoll, pp. 41-55, i-xxi, pls. xx, xxi. Coleoptera, vol. iv, pt. 1, pp. 525-564, pl. xxii, G. C. Champion. Rhynchota Heter- optera, pp. 369-384, pl. xxxiii, W. L. Distant. Tue Fauna oF BriTIsH INDIA, including Ceylon and Burma. Pub- lished under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by W. T. Blanford. Moths, vol. i, by G. F. Hampson. London, Taylor & Francis, 1892, 8vo, pp. xxiii, 527; 333 woodcuts. MITTHEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GE- SELLSCHAFT., viii, 10, Schaffhausen, January, 1893.—On hybridization among insects, Dr. M. Standfuss. Summary of the researches of M. Jules Gonin on the metamorphosis of Lepidoptera, Prof. E. Bugnion. Coleoptera Helvetica, Dr. G. Stierlin, pp. 289-320. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History (6), xi, 62, London, February, 1893.—Report upon the Myriapoda of the “‘ Challenger’’ expe- dition, with remarks upon the fauna of Bermuda,* R. I. Pocock, 1 pl. On the probable sensory nature of the ‘‘appendix’’ of the antennz of cole-_ opterous larve, C.J. Gahan. Agdia sau, a connecting link between the Ceratocampide and Saturniidz, and the type of a new subfamily Agliine, A. S. Packard. A reply to some observations on the mouth organs of the Diptera, B. T. Lowne. * Contains new species other than North American. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 PsycHeE, Cambridge, Mass., March, 1893.—Notes on Tachinide, S. W- Williston. Descriptions of new species and genera of West African Le- pidoptera iii, W. J. Holland, 1 pl.. Orgyia badia Hy. Edw. and other notes, with a table to separate the larvze of Orgyia, H. G. Dyar. Syn- opsis of the North American species of Megactlissa, W. J. Fox. THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES (2), vii, 2, Sidney, Nov. 22, 1892.—A viviparous Australian Peripatus (P. leuckartii Sang.), J. J. Fletcher. Catalogue of the described Hymenop- tera of Australia, pt. 11, W. W. Froggatt. Further notes on the viviparity of the larger Victorian Peripatus, generally known as P. deuckartii, A. Dendy. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, London, Ont., March, 1893.—Cana- dian Hymenoptera. No. 3, W. H. Harrington. New Chernetide from the United States, N. Banks. Descriptions of new Braconids bred by Prof. A. D. Hopkins, W. H. Ashmead. Synopsis of the Asilid genus Dioctria, D. W. Coquillett. Notes from the Cornell Insectary—I. Some results of a trap lantern experiment, M. V. Slingerland. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1892, pt. III.—On some eggs of Hemiptera, Dr. D. Sharp, 2 pls.—On va- riation in the color of cocoons, pupz and larvz; further experiments, W. Bateson. Experiments in 1890 and 1891 on the color relation between certain lepidopterous larve and their surroundings, together with some other observations on lepidopterous larvz, Miss L. J. Gould, 1 pl. FLOWERS AND INSECTS—LABIAT# by Charles Robertson, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vi, pp. to1-131, Nov. 25, 1892—[OrcHIDs], Bot. Gazette, xviii, pp. 47-54, Crawfordsville, Ind., February, 1893. These are the most recent additions to a series of papers with the same title, which Mr. Robertson has contributed to various numbers of the Botanical Gazette, beginning with vol. xiv, p. 120, May, 1889, and to the Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis, vol. v. MIDDEN-SUMATRA.—Reizen én Onderzoekingen der Sumatra-Expeditie, exitgerust door het aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1877-79, beschreven door le Leden der Expeditie, onder toezicht van Prof. P. J. Veth. Natu- urlijke Historie. door Joh. F. Snelleman. Tweede Deel. Leiden. E. J. Brill, 1892. Forficularia, A. de Bormans. Lepidoptera, P. C. T. Snellen. Diptera, F. M. van der Wulp. Hymenoptera, C. Ritsema Czn and Dr. G. L. Mayr. Hemiptera, W. L. Distant and C. Ritsema Czn. Aranez, Dr. A. W. M. van Hasselt. 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [ April, NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS DESCRIBED IN THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. ARACHNIDA. Acaridea: n. sp. C. Am., Stoll. Biol. Centr.-Am. Arach.-Acar. pp. 41-55. Pseudoscorpiones—C hobielide: n. sp. from U. S., Banks, Can. Ent. XXvV, pp. 64-67. Phalangida: Liobunum townsendii Weed, Am. Nat. xxvii, p. 295, N. M. COLEOPTERA. ° Byrrhidz: Nosofetocus (fossil), n. gen., Scudder, Bull. U. S. Ggol. Sur. 93, p. 16. WV. marcovt, p. 17, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3, Florissant, Col. Carabide: Carabites exanimus (fossil), Scud., 1. c. p. 17, pl. 1, fig. 4, White River, Utah. : Heteromera: n. gen. and sp., Mex., Cent. Am., Champion, Biol. Cent.- Am. Coleop. iv, pt. 1, pp. 525-564. DIPTERA. Dioctria parvulus, rubidus, Cal., Coquillett, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 80 and table of N. A. species. Mycetophilide : Mycetophetus (fossil), n. gen. Scud., 1. c. p. 20. MZ. intermedius, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 5, Florissant, Col. Oestridz: Palestrus (fossil), n. gen. Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur. 93, » Ee SUNY sor ae ined p. 19, pl. 2, figs. r, 4, Florissant, Col. HEMIPTERA. Ceroplastes, 3 n. sp., West Indies, Cockerell, Entom. xxvi, pp. 81-83. Cicada grandiosa (fossil) Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur. 93, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 3, Florissant, Col. Heteroptera: n. sp., Mex., Cent. Am., Distant, Biol. Cent.-Am. Rhyn. Heterop., pp. 369-384. ses HYMENOPTERA. Braconidz: n. sp. from W. Va. and tables of species of Spathius and Cenophanes, Ashmead, Can. Ent. xxv, pp. 67-79. Megacilissa gloriosa, N. Mex., Fox, Psyche, vi, p. 421, and table of N. A. species. Tenthredinidez: Afocus (fossil), n. gen. Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur. 93, p. 24. A. defessus, p. 25, pl. 1, fig. 5, Florissant, Col. N. sp. from es Harrington, Can. Ent. xxv, pp. 57-64. ° LEPIDOPTERA. Libytheinze: Barbarothea (fossil) n. gen., Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur. 93, p. 21. 2B. florissanti, p. 23, pl. 3, figs. 1-5, Florissant, Col. ODONATA. Fossil: 7richocnemis aliena Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur. 93, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 2, Florissant, Col. Stenogomphus n. gen., p. 13. S. carletoni, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 1, Roan Mountain, Col.. ORTHOPTERA,. ‘* Pseudophyllidz: Acanthoprion n. gen., A. aztecum Pictet and Saussure, Icon. Saut. Vert. p. 26, pl. 3, fig. 21, Mex. “Bea. 1893. | ’ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133 The Entomological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL, SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. FEBRUARY 23, 1893. Meeting called to order at 8:20 p.m., Dr. Horn, Director, in the chair. Members present: Laurent, Ridings, Calvert, Skinner, Liebeck, Welles. Associates: Boerner, Nell, Dr. Castle. Mr. Calvert stated that, in con- nection with the catalogue of Odonata he is preparing, he has been obliged to revise the genera of the subfamily Libellulinze on account of the un- suitable character of the present ones for American species. The speaker gave the characters of the genera of Difax and Celithemis, aided by drawings on the blackboard. Mr. Nell exhibited some pop-corn, show- ing depredations of the moth Ge/echia cereallella, and exhibited speci- mens of the moth, chrysalis and larva.. Dr. Horn exhibited the series of Galerucini he had used in the preparation of his paper on that subject. The group had been treated in 1865 by Dr. LeConte, but comparatively few species have been added since, and few reductions made by synonymy. The comparative characters of the genera were explained and dwelt on atlength. Our species, previously under Zuperus, will have to be called Luperoides. na paper entitled Miscellaneous Coleoptera, Dr. Horn stated he would describe new species of Dacoderus aegialites. . Mr. Lie- beck recorded finding in this locality, in numbers, Baris scolopacea. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Recorder. ‘The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL News: Description of a new Sphinx and some notes on . S. coloradus Smith. By B. NEUMOEGEN, New York. Sphinx franckii nov. spec.—Antennz brown, culmen white. Head gray; palpi of same color, granulated with yellowish brown; collar also_ yellowish brown, with two oblique black streaks converging at upper centre; patagie light gray, heavily edged with black inwardly in their upper portion. Abdomen has a large area of dorsum in yellowish brown with a black centre line; broad black segmentary bands with whitish in- terspaces. Primaries light gray, shading into white at base, at apex and along submarginal line; black dashes along apical part of costa at apex, in internerval spaces, and a thin black line below and parallel with me- dian vein; a double, black, submarginal line from below vein 7 to inner margin, bulging inwardly between veins 1-3, the outer line degrading into a large, blackish, irregular blotch near angle; the entire median and sub- marginal area of wing, up to near apex, covered with a peculiar bright > 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, | _ [April, yellowish brown; granules of same color in apical part of costa. Sec- ondaries have ground color of a yellowish white, with pronounced mar- ginal and median bands of black; both wings have yellowish brown fringes dotted with black at nerval termini and brownish s. t. lines. Below, both wings brownish gray, fading into white basal tinges, especially in secondaries, which have whitish anal margins. Thorax yellowish brown. Abdomen silvery gray. Legs gray, with a sprinkling of yellowish brown. Expanse of wings 105 mm. Length of body 30 mm. Hfab.—Kansas City. Type, 8 collection of George Franck, Esq. This insect forms a connecting link between .S. kalmig and S. chersis, having in part of its primaries the peculiar yellowish brown of the former, and besides the light gray, as well the entire shape of wings of the latter. I take great pleasure in naming it after my friend, Mr. George Franck, of Brooklyn, a well-known lepidopterist. Sphinx coloradus Smith. This is only a local (Colorado) variation of my .S. do//iz, Pap. i, p. 149, from Arizona. Mr. D. Bruce, in the last few years, has caught quite a number of this form, which, on the average, is somewhat larger than the typical. In the type the whitish space along costa and cell, as well as the black dashes between ‘veins, are less pronounced, and the short, black, transverse, sub- marginal line between veins 2-5 is absent. In all other respects the insects tally. fo). Ur" SYNOPSIS OF THE N. AMERICAN SPECIES OF NOMIA. By Wo. J. Fox, Philadelphia, Pa. Apical margins of dorsal abdominal segments 2-4 or 5, greenish white. Size large, 17 mm.. or over in aig apex of hind tibiz of 3 not emarginate : _° 2. 7) =i Size medium, less than 15 mm. in bemagth: Dorsal abdominal segments of 2 subopaque, not punctate, but feebly roughened or granulated, apex of hind femora of ¢ widely emarginate . 5; . . . Robinsoni Cr. Dorsal abdominal escomiekt ot 9 distinctly punctured, ¢ unknown. punctata n. sp. Apical margins of dorsal abdominal segments not greenish white; entirely ferruginous, or ferruginous and black. Length 1o—12 mm. nevadensis Cr. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 Nomia punctata .—Front and clypeus with rather strong, scattered punctures; front strongly impressed medially, dorsulum more strongly punctured than the front, very sparsely so on posterior portion; scutellum sparsely punctured, strongly impressed down the middle; metathorax with coarse, separated punctures, the enclosed transverse portion at base rugose. Abdomen shining; distinctly, sometimes coarsely punctured: Black; apical margins of dorsal abdominal segments 2-4, broadly greenish white. Head, thorax and legs, more or less clothed with grayish pubes- cence; tarsi testaceous, the first joint of hind tarsi within the bronzy pu- bescence. Wings subhyaline, apical margins fuscous, nervures and stigma dark testaceous. Length 1o mm. Var. (?) A specimen has the punctures of the dorsulum and abdomen very strong and the tarsi black. Three specimens, Denver, Col. (E. V. Beales), Vega S. Jose, N. Mex. (C. H. Tyler Townsend) and Big Stone City So. Dak., (J. F. Aldrich). Is at once distinguished from ortonz by its small size and the rather densely pubescent thorax; from the Cuban species, Rodinsoniz, it is distinguished by the distinctly punctured abdomen. oO U A NEW OPHION. By G. C. Davis, Agr. Coll. Mich. I take pleasure in dedicating this new species of Ophion to Mrs. Annie T. Slosson, who bred the specimen from a dark co- coon of one of the larger species of Acronycta last season. The parasitized cocoon was taken in Connecticut. Ophion slossone n. sp. <'.—Length one inch, wing expanse one and five-eighths inches. Dark honey-yellow, except eyes, ocelli, tips of man- dibles, tarsal claws and extremities of tarsal joints on posterior legs, which parts vary from dark brown to black. The wings are deep fuligi- nous with black veins, except at extreme base and the stigma, which are fulvous; the vein-stump in the cubito-discoidal cell comparatively long; glabrous spot small, opaque like rest of the wing, obscure; metathorax distinctly areolated. It has eight; prominent ridges emanating from the extremity o the thorax, the two central ones and the outer pairs close together; these are crossed by two semicircular lines, the upper one ab- breviated, and the lower one uniting with the outer radiating lines; petiole of the abdomen much lighter in color below the abrupt constriction than above. In other respects the species differs but little from O. glabratum, which it closely resembles in form and color. One specimen in collection of Am. Ent. Society, Philadelphia. The fuliginous wings will at once distinguish the species. 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, Since naming the above I have recéived another % specimen collected by Mr. French at Carbondale, Iil., in June. This shows the species to have quite a wide distribution. The specimen dif- fers from the other only in having no black on the posterior tarsi, but all the tarsi and tibiz a little lighter yellow. THREE NEW AFRICAN BOMBYCIDS. © By W. J. HoLianp, Ph.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. ; SATURNIIDZ. BUNAEA Hiib. 1. B. goodii sp. nov. °{'.—In the form of wings and in size allied to 2. milfordi Kirby, with the type of which I have compared it, but from which it differs very materially. Antenne blackish. Front dark brown, with a conspicuous white spot at the base of each of the antennz; the upper- side of the thorax is dark fawn; the upperside of the abdomen pale fawn; the lowerside of the thorax and abdomen is pale fawn, inclining to _ whitish; the legs are dark brown; the primaries are fawn, except the outer margin, which is paler, inclining to whitish near the outer angle; the line of demarcation between this pale outer area and the darker body of the wing is straight, running from the costa.a little before the apex to the inner margin nearly three-fourths of the distance from the base; there is an irregularly zigzagged basal line of dark brown and at the end of the cell a hyaline dot surrounded by a dark brown ring defined externally by pale fawn; the secondaries have the ground color on the inner half of the wing as on the primaries; the costal margin is broadly laved with bright pink; the wing is marked by a very large ocellus, having a hyaline spot in the middle, the pupil being velvety-black, irrorated with bright blue scales about the middle; the iris is pale yellowish, very broad, and defined — externally by a diffuse brownish line which coalesces with a transverse line running from the inner edge of the ocellus to the inner margin about the middle. On the underside the primaries are fawn, with the inner margin broadly reddish; at the end of the cell the ocellus of the upperside reap- pears, but more distinctly defined; the line separating the lighter marginal area from the darker inner area reappears upon the lowerside as a heavy brown line; the marginal tract on the lowerside is very little paler than - the body of the wing; the underside of the secondaries is fawn, profusely marked with whitish scales on the basal half; there is a dark brown cir- cular spot near the base, and.a dark brown transverse line running from the outer angle to near the middle of the inner angle; the ocellus, which is so conspicuous upon the upperside of the posteriors, on the underside is obsolete, being indicated by the hyaline dot and a broad patch of whitish com 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137 scales one the basal side of which there is a lunulate brown mark; there is a very faint submarginal curved line of whitish scales shaded inwardly by pale brown. Expanse 4.5 inches. Hab.—Kangwé, Ogové Valley. GONIMBRASIA Butl. 2. G. longicaudata sp. nov. §’.—Antennz dark brown. Front blackish; at the base of each of the antennz there is a pale reddish spot; the collar is reddish pink, margined posteriorly with blackish; the thorax is reddish pink; the upperside of abdomen is paler pink; the underside of the thorax and abdomen are reddish fawn; the legs are concolorous, margined ex- - ternally with dark brown; the primaries on the upperside are reddish pink, with a patch of whitish scales about the middle of the cell and a similar patch below it nearer the base, and a hyaline spot at the end of the cell; there is a straight submarginal line running from the costa a little before the apex to a point on the outer margin a little before the inner angle; this dark line is defined externally by a broad white line and in- ternally by a faint grayish line; both of these lines become diffuse near the apical extremity; the secondaries on the upperside are reddish pink upon the inner margin; the limbal area near the costa is clouded with blackish; there is a curved, whitish, obsolescent band beyond the base, followed by a conspicuous ocellus, the middle of which is accentuated by a hyaline dot; the iris is bright Naples yellow, margined with deep black and surrounded externally by a bright whitish ring; the submarginal line of the primaries is produced upon the secondaries as a transverse median band running from before the outer angle to the inner margin two-thirds of the distance from the base, but with the order of the colors in the line reversed; the outer half of the wing beyond this transverse lirte is darker than the rest of the wing; the outer margin is produced in the form of a very long and broad tail. On the underside both wings are reddish fawn with the outer margin of the primaries and the outer half of the seconda- ries separated from the body of the wing by heavy brown lines, beyond which the color of the wings is dark brownish; the hyaline spots of the upper surface reappear upon the lowerside feebly defined externally by whitish scales. Expanse 6.25 inches. _Hab.—Kangwé, Ogové Valley. PINARIDZE. GONOMETA Walk. 3. G. titan sp. nov. 9.—This remarkable insect is almost uniformly dark brown, with the apices of the primaries paler, the primaries being trav- ersed by a transverse inner, transverse median, and transverse outer band of slightly darker cloudings; a very indistinct pale fawn dot appears at the end of the cell in the primaries. EExpanse 7 inches. Hab.—Kangwé, Ogové Valley. 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, What I take to be the male of this remarkable insect is a spe- cies bright fulvous in color, with the inner margins of the secon- daries and the base of the primaries clouded with fuliginous. The expanse of the wings in the male is somewhat less than four inches. I cannot be certain of my reference of the male before me to the female, but it is the largest male in the genus, and in color comes sufficiently near to the female, of which I possess two fine examples, one of them ex-larva. The caterpillar produ- cing this huge moth, the body of which in the case of the female exceeds in size that of any other of the African Saturniide known to me, is densely covered with short spines, which are extremely sharp and highly venomous. - I was so unfortunate as to incau- tiously handle the cocoon, which is represented in the plate, and to receive some thrusts from the spines with which it is densely covered. The result was severe inflammation, a single point of contact becoming the centre of an inflamed spot as large as a silver dollar in diameter. This venomous property of the spines is persistent, though nearly five years have elapsed since the specimens came into my hands. The moth emerged on April 27, 1887. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. Fig. 1. Goyimbrasia longicaudata sp. nov. 3. ‘* 2. Gonometa titan sp. nov. &. ‘* 3. Bunaea goodii sp. nov. 3. ‘* 4. Cocoon of G. titan 2. ERRATA. Page 108, vol. iv, at end of second line from top, insert ‘‘ The palpi are moderately large, porrect, compressed.” Page 106, eleventh line from top, for Scopelodus read Scopelodes. 0 Notes on LITHOSIIDA and ARCTIIDA with descriptions of new varieties.—I. By B. NEUMOEGEN and HaRRISON G. Dyar. The following notes have accumulated, and are presented with the descriptions of certain forms which are worthy of distinctive names to save space in our revisionary work. 1893. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139 Family LITHOSIID4E. Genus TANTURA. Kirby. 1892, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het. p. 86. Penthetria Hy. Edw. ’ 1881, Hy. Edw., Papilio i, 80. Primaries 12-veined, median vein 4-branched; veins 3-5 straight, equidistant; cell closed; vein 6 arises below apex of cell; veins 7-9 on a stalk from apex of cell; vein 10 from the subcostal near apex of cell; vein 11 also from subcostal; 12 from base of wing. Secondaries 8-veined, two internal veins; median vein 3-branched; : veins 3-4 on a stalk from lower angle of cell ; cell closed; vein 5 arising below the middle of cell; veins 6-7 on a long stalk from apex of cell; vein 8 from subcostal below middle of cell, running straight to apex of wing. Antennz simple, minutely ciliate. Type Penthetria majuscula Hy. Edw. Penthetria parvula Hy. Edw. does not belong to any family of the Macroheterocera. Genus GRAMBIDIA Pack. The venation is peculiar. Primaries: vein 1 is free; median 2-branched; vein 2 arising from the middle of the discal cell; ar- cuate at base; vein 3 is a continuation of the median, straight to outer margin of wing (veins 4-5 absent); cell closed, vein 6 at or below apex of cell; a small, roundedly triangular accessory cell, indifferently present or absent in the same species; when absent, veins 7-9 arise on a stalk from apex of discal cell, and vein 10 from the subcostal; when present, veins 7-9 arise from the end of the accessory cell and vein 10 from its base, or from its upper part; vein 11 arises from the middle of the subcostal vein; vein 12 from base of wing, running very close to vein 11, or actually united with it for a considerable distance. Seconda- ries: two internal veins; median 3-odranched; vein 2 arises before middle of cell; veins 3-4 on a long stalk from lower angle of cell (vein 5 absent); cell weakly closed; veins 6-7 on a short stalk from apex of cell; vein 8 from subcostal at middle of cell. Table of species: Wings pale brown é ; : : ‘ opie . pallida Pack. Wings white. Head yellow, contrasting with body ; ; . Cephalica G. & R. Head white, concolorous .° . . : : ? . Casta Sanb. 140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, Of the remaining species referred to Lthosia in Prof. Smith’s list, ZL. d¢color Grote, may remain in the genus; the others are synonyms, Family ARCTIIDA. Crocota intermedia Graef. Var. parvula n. var. Differs from the typical form in the width of the black border of hind wings. In intermedia the border covers two-thirds of the wings; here, one-third or less. - Type, one @, in Mr. Neumoegen collection, caught by Mr. Bruce in western Colorado. Mr. E. L. Graef has a similar specimen from Arizona. Arachnis picta Pack. Var. citra n. var. The ground color of head, thorax, anal tuft of abdomen and primaries varies from light orange to lemon between the normal gray maculations. Fringes of both wings yellow. Abdomen, - as well as secondaries, deep red with a purplish sheen. It differs from the typical Californian insect by having the sec- ondaries more distinctly subhyaline, especially in the males. Below, primaries lemon to light orange, especially so in basal space and along costa; along costa of secondaries an area of lemon, and the veins of males scaled with the same color. Ab- domen light yellow. The most remarkable feature about this variation is that it is of a much larger size than the typical form. Expanse of wings: €, 50—5I mm.; 9, 62—65 mm. Length - of body: $8, 12mm.; 9, 15—20 mm. Types, males and females, in Mr. Neumoegen’s collection. HTab.—Western Colorado. Mr. Bruce, who caught these charming insects and who sug- gested the varietal name, writes us as follows: ‘‘ This form is found nearly on the western border of Colorado at low elevation (6000 feet), and is very constant in color. I have them evena little pinker and not quite so yellow. The ordinary form is not found at that place at all, yet it is common 120 miles east of there, and I have reared a good many from females taken in the Ar- kansas Valley, all being the ordinary form. It is so local and constant in color, it is surely worthy of a name.”’ 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141 Elpis rubra Neum. Var. danbyi n. var. Stalk of antenna bright red, pectinations black; hair of thorax brown, with a red tint. Abdomen yellow-brown. Wings trans- lucent; primaries blackish brown, with many minute red hairs intermixed. Secondaries black; all tibia red on top, the thick hair at base of legs light brown; eyes blackish. Type, one 8, in Mr. Neumoegen’s collection. Named in honor of Mr. W. H. Danby, Victoria, B. C., from whom the specimen was received. Genus EUVERNA n. gen. Head retracted, palpi exceeding the front, eyes globose, naked; antenne bipectinate in %, serrate in @; vestiture of hair and scales rather short and appressed. Abdomen exceeding secon- daries by half its length; thorax moderately stout; abdomen of nearly even width throughout, slightly flattened toward the ex- tremity; primaries elongate, two and a half times as long as broad, costa straight till beyond cell, then slightly rounded over apex: outer margin oblique; internal angle obtuse, not rounded. Secondaries small, trigonate, subcaudate in the % , costa convex, apical and anal angles rounded; hind tibiz with two pairs of short conical spurs; anterior tibiz unarmed at tip; vein 8 of sec- ondaries leaves subcostal at about middle of cell, runs very close to it to the apex; veins 7-10 of primaries stalked out of end of cell, as in Spzlosoma. Type, Sezrarctia clio Pack. Genus NEOARCTIA n. gen. Head much retracted, palpi short, not attaining the front, eyes naked, well sunken in the long hairy vestiture; antennze of $ moderately bipectinated, females shortly so; thorax rather small, very hairy, abdomen exceeding secondaries, sometimes very much so; primaries more than twice as long as broad; costa slightly convex or straight, apices produced and rather pointed; outer margin convex, slightly oblique; interior angle gently rounded. Secondaries full and rounded; costa and outer margin convex, vestiture of the wings thin and subtranslucent. The venation is practically that of Spzlosoma. Type, Antarctia beanizt Neum. Arctia brucei Hy. Edw. is congeneric. a** 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, Genus EUPREPIA Ochs. (Arctia auct.) E. virgo Linn. Var. citrinaria n. var. Differs from typical virgo in having the ground color of the secondaries entirely light yellow instead of red; the form is rare. The type is in Mr. Neumoegen’s collection. E. virguncula Kirby. Var. ofiosa n, var. Two specimens in Mr. Dyar’s collection differ from typical viy- guncula in having traces of the usual transverse lines, which are normally absent in the species. In one specimen there are en- largements on the median venules and subcostal vein, obsoletely connected, representing the outer (4th) line which would be straight if the markings were sufficiently continuous to form a line; in the other specimen there is a short bar in the cell between subcostal and median veins, representing the outer median (3d) line. This form approaches the yariety complicata. of E. ornata, which differs from the fully marked var. acharéa (the ground form) in the absence of the basal half line (1st line) and the - greater or less obsolescence of both inner and outer median (2d and 3d) lines, or even in the breaking up of the outer (4th) line. We cannot, however, follow Mr. Kirby in referring complicata Wilk. as a synonym of virguncula, for the species differ in several important characters, of which, perhaps, the most evident, is the heavy lining of the median vein in vivguncula, as contrasted with the narrow, obsolescent marking in complicata, which leads to the disappearance of the vein linings in the form ornata Pack. Mr. Packard has wrongly identified 4. ornata. E. arge Sm. & Abb. Var. mervosa n. var. This curious form differs from typical avge in the absence of all transverse lines, even of the angular terminal (5th) line, while the hind wings are largely suffused with blackish. The veins on the fore wings are distinctly lined with flesh color, and the longi- tudinal submedian streak is present, forked at the end; the tho- racic and abdominal parts are colored as in &. arge. There isa figure of this form in Mr. Strecker’s unpublished plates of the Arctiidee (Pl. viii, fig. 20) and examples in Mr. Neumoegen’s ——— CO 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 143 collection, but these latter retain bait of the normal maculation of £. arge in the W mark, and traces of the outer tooth in the cell. The hind wings are largely blackish. C). VU Synopsis of the North American species of Melecta. By Wo. J. Fox, Philadelphia, Pa. FEMALES. Size large, 11-15 mm. in length. Pubescence on thorax and ornation of abdomen tawny; tubercles on scu- tellum ending in a short tooth; fore wings, with exception of a pale spot at apex of submarginal and discoidal cells, fuscous throughout. interrupta Cr. Pubescence on thorax and ornation of abdomen grayish-white; tuber- cles on scutellum ending in a long tooth; fore wings, except a spot in the median, first and second submarginals and third discoidal cells, and the broad apical margins hyaline . . Miranda n. sp. Size medium, less than 11 mm. in length. Ornation on abdomen interrupted. medially; first joint of flagellum shorter than the following two united. : . Californica Cr. Ornation of abdomen not interrupted medially, forming continuous, irregular, or dentate fascia; first joint of flagellum as long, or a . little longer than the following two united jf . maculata Cr. MALES. Size large, 1r mm. or over in length; pubescence of thorax and ornation of abdomen tawny . : . interrupta Cr. Size medium, less than 11 mm. in ni lent: Saheneencet etc., pale. Ornation of abdomen not covering the entire surface of the dorsal seg- ments. Fascia on abdomen interrupted medially; flagellum not, or very slightly thickened medially . : - Sdliforaion CF, Fascia on abdomen not interrupted aicdially: forming continuous, irregular, or dentate bands; flagellum greatly thickened medially. maculata Cr. Ornation of abdomen covering the entire surface of dorsal segments. mucida Cr. Melecta miranda 2.—Deep black; head, thorax on sides and beneath dorsulum anteriorly, scutellum more or less, coxeze and femora beneath with long, grayish- white pubescence; on the anterior part of dovailien enclosed by the pale hair and a spot between the tegulze and scutellum. composed of black pubescence; dorsulum rather coarsely punctured, the punctures a little stronger and more separated than in interrupta scutellum very coarsely punctured, more so than in inferrupta, pio: 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, duced with two strong, rather elongate, widely separated teeth; apex of femora, outer side of tibia more or less and the tarsi with ashy pile, tegulze reddish. Wings, with the apical margins, broadly, a spot in the median, first and second submarginal and the third discoidal cells fuscous; on each extreme side of dorsal abdominal segments 1-3 there is a large spot of pale pubescence, which is narrowly produced out on apical por- tion of segment to almost the middle as in inferrupfa, but the fascia are much narrower, the fourth and fifth segments with a transverse series of four spots, those-on the fifth segment. by far the smallest; last dorsal seg- ment with elongate-triangular enclosure, which is divided by a strong, medial, longitudinal carina; the basal and lateral portions of the ventral segments finely and closely punctured. Length 12—15 mm. -Rapid City and Custer;.S.. Dak. (J. T. Aldrich). ‘In general appearance resembles Evicrocis lata; also-resembles Melecta cali- fornica, but is much larger. In the synoptical table here given of our species of Melecta, | have included JZ. (?) mucida, which, although possessing but two submarginal cells, is referable to Melecta. It is probably abnormal, as sometimes MJelecta cali- fornica has but two submarginals in one wing, while in the other wing there is the usual number.. JZ separata and edwardsii are not included in the table, as they belong to Bombomelecta. This latter genus differs from MMelecta, in addition to the characters given, by Patton, in having the tarsal claws cleft. ' Mr. Jules Remy says, that on his arrival at Salt Lake, he observed upon the shore, on top of the salt, a deposit of a foot deep which was entirely composed of dead locusts,—Cdipoda corallipes. These insects, driven by a high wind in: prodigiously thick clouds, had been drowned in the — lake, after having, during the course of the Summer (1855), destroyed the rising crops, and even the prairie grass. * * * The Mormons, in their simple and picturesque descriptions, say that these insects are the produce of ‘‘a cross between the spider and the buffalo.” ‘In the year 1503,”’ says Moufet, ‘‘Dr. Penny was called in great haste to a little village, called Mortlake, near the Thames, to visit two noble ladies, who were. much frightened by the appearance of bug bites, and were in fear of I know not what contagion; but when the matter was known, and the insects caught, he laughed them out of.all fear.’? This fact disproves the statement of Southall, that the Cimeuz lectularius was not known in England before 1670, and that of Linnaens, and the gener- ality of later writers, that this insect is not originally a native of Europe, but was introduced into England after the great fire of London in 1666, having been brought in timber from America. Cowan, Curious Facts. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for March was mailed March 3, 1893. Ent. News, Vol. IV. PY, VIE. AFRICAN BOMBYCIDS (Holland.) y Ent. News, Vol. 1V. } 3 BE Bae AFRICAN DREPANULIDA (Reduced one-half) Holland. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, VOL. Iv. MAY, 1893. No. 5. CONTENTS: Ashton—On the early history of the Entomological Section..-.-.+serseereeeee 163 Entomological Society of -Phila...... 145 | Townsend—The Puparium and Pupa of Stromberg—Field Notes.....ssssseeseseeseeeee 149 Seale Pa OES asta sssccscacend5cseeskenseee 163 Davidson—The Nest and Parasites of Gillette—Coiorado Cynipide.............-+ 166 Kylocopa Orpifex «......-.......ceeeesserese 151 | Packard—Limacodes-like Moths.......... 167 Bassett—Notes on the Cynipide........... 153 | Dyar—Notes on Ichthyura,............ceeee 170 Notes and NewS........ccsidecicce-ccceveescssene 157.| Holland—West African Drepanulide... 171 Entomological Literature,.......0.-eeseees 160 | Harvey—A New Acharute .....ccecseeseers 182 On the Early History of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. {Now the American Entomological Society.] By T. B. AsnHton, Tonganoxie, Kan. During the Winter of 1858-59 it was my pleasure to visit the city of Philadelphia, my home being in: Washington County, N. Y. I had known for some years a few persons in that city who were, like myself, interested in Entomology, and it was to enjoy their society as collectors of insects that attracted me thence. During the early part of the Winter a few of us who were quite well acquainted, talked over the advisability of forming an entomologi- cal society, that those interested in the study might be encour- aged to come together, become better acquainted, and, by com- paring notes and ideas, impart to each other practical information regarding the collecting of and the habits of insects, which could not otherwise be obtained, and also to benefit each other by a comparison and exchange of specimens. This consultation cul- minated in the issue of a call to a number of persons in the city, known to be interested in Entomology, to come together to or- a, 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ‘[May, ganize a society, and, on the 22d of February, 1859, a meeting was held for that purpose at the residence of E. T. Cresson, No. 728 Erie Street, and a committee appointed io draft a Constitu- tion and By-Laws, whose report was adopted at a subsequent meeting, the association receiving the name of ‘‘The Entomo- logical Society of Philadelphia.”’ The object of the Society is set forth in Article VI. of the Constitution, which reads as follows: ‘‘ Every member elected to the Society is expected to communicate, either by writing or verbally, information of the name, locality, habits, time, etc., of insects taken within the United States of America, the same to be recorded in books kept for that purpose, and open to the inspec- tion of members.”’ The financial support of the Society was provided for by Article II. of the By-Laws, viz.: ‘‘ Every mem- ber elected to the Society shall pay to the Treasurer an initiation - fee of 50 cents, and shall be subject to a monthly contribution of 6 cents, payable at the last stated meeting of each month.”’ The Society consisted of the following organization members : . Dr. Thos. B. Wilson, Dr. John L. LeConte, James Ridings, George Newman, T. B. Ashton, J. W. McAllister, E. T. Cresson, Henry Feldman, George Hill, Charles Wilt, John Pearsall, Wil- liam Evett, J. H. B. Bland, John Meichel, Robert Jack, Wm. S. Wood, Thomas Cox, William Wolter, Chas. J. Wood, Louis Schneider, and S. H. Shinn ; in all, twenty-one. The first offi- cers elected were, President, John L. LeConte ; Vice-President, James Ridings ; Secretary, E. T. Cresson ; Treasurer, Charles Wilt. The first member elected was Henry Ulke, and the first correspondent was Baron R. Osten Sacken. After meeting several times at Mr. Cresson’s house, the So- ciety adjourned, by invitation of Dr. LeConte, to his residence, No. 1325 Spruce Street, where it continued to meet while I re- mained in the city. The Society in its early days was much in- debted, financially, to Dr. T. B. Wilson, for many acts of gener- osity ; he also donated many specimens of the various orders of insects to its collections. All the members seemed to take an active interest in its affairs, and did the best they could to pro- mote its prosperity. Among them all I remember of only two who then possessed named collections, viz.: Dr. LeConte and Mr. Ulke, and they were confined to Coleoptera. Most of the members were good collectors, had many fine specimens, and —— = em 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 possessed much practical knowledge of the habits of insects ; but only a few knew anything regarding their structure or classifica- tion, except ina general way. In nationality the members were English and German, with a few Americans ; the former seemed partial to Lepidoptera, the Germans to Coleoptera, while the Americans as a rule were more inclined, I think, to take an interest in all the orders, and to make general collections. All were most willing and ready to exhibit their captures and impart knowledge of the same at the meetings of the Society, and also to show to interested parties the many rare and beautiful treasures in their cabinets. Occasionally the Society was honored at its meetings, during my stay, by visitors of note from a distance, among whom I remember Professor S. F. Baird, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, an enthusiastic naturalist ; Baron R.-Osten Sacken, of the Russian Legation at Washington, then the only known Dipterologist in the country ; Dr. Brackenridge Clemens, of Easton, Pa., the eminent micro-lepidopterist; and the members were pleased to meet them and make their acquaintance. In the Spring of 1859 I returned to my home in northern New York, and have never had the opportunity again of attend- ing any of the meetings of the Society, and but once have I had the pleasure of seeing its collections, and that was many years ago. Although living far away from Philadelphia, I have always felt a warm interest in the prosperity and welfare of the Society, and cherished a life-long respect for many of its old members, with whom I have had occasional correspondence and received many entomological favors. After my return home I noticed that I did not receive from the collectors in Philadelphia as many fine specimens as I did before the formation of the Society. Rare insects were then distributed to but few persons, and 1 came in for a share ; but the association created a desire among the mem- bers to assist each other, and hence those living distant from Philadelphia did not fare as well in that respect as formerly. But I never regretted the part I took to bring collectors together, to know and assist each other by adding to their collections, even if my own cabinet did not receive as many additions from my Philadelphia friends, for it was more than made up from other places, indirectly through the influence of the Society. Before its formation I do not remember that I ever received, among the many boxes of insects that came to me at my home, a Single one 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, with xamed specimens; while, after the Society was formed, speci- mens invariably came to me with their scientific names attached. The growth and outcome of the few interested persons who met and organized ‘‘The Entomological Society of Philadel- phia’’ now is, and has been for a number of years, of national importance. It has been the means, directly and indirectly, of stimulating into action a general interest and desiré in thoughtful and educated persons to investigate the formation and habits of insects, and ascertain, as far as possible, the places that their numerous species fill in the economy of nature, and of circulating a knowledge respecting them otherwise difficult to obtain. And now, all over the land, there are individuals and institutions col- lecting and studying the habits of insects, not only as a matter ~ of curiosity and pleasure to behold their beauty and contemplate the wisdom and forethought manifested in their construction, but of necessity to know and welcome our minute friends, and to guard against a vast host of devastating enemies. Before the influence of the Society was felt, a few honored names like Say, Harris, Fitch, LeConte, etc.,—supposed by their illiterate neighbors to be partially insane,—had told the general public the necessity of becoming better acquainted with the life-history of Insects, and how few persons believed their teachings! But to-day both Government and State see the im- portance of the subject and spend their money liberally in the employment of the highest and best entomological talent to in- vestigate, promote, and circulate all the knowledge that can be obtained in reference to Insect Life, especially of those species that are injurious or beneficial to vegetation. Surely, if our members were not wise in entomological literature and education to begin with, they certainly did a wise act in organizing ‘‘ The Entomological Society of Philadelphia.’’ passed since the Society first came into existence, and to-day as I examine the ‘‘ Scientists International Directory,’’ for 1892, for the individual names of the twenty-one persons who founded it, I feel sad to think that I can find only “wo of them, viz., Cresson and Ashton. Where are the other nineteen—have they all passed away ?* e. * Two of these are still ving members, viz., James W. McAllister and J. H. B. Bland; eleven are known to be dead, while the other six are not now members. If living, we do not know their whereabouts.—Ep. Thirty-four years have _ 1893. |} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 FIELD NOTES. By C. W. StrRomBERG, Galesburg, III. In the Winter time when the entomologist has to stay at home, after his material results from his Summer’s work have been ar- ranged and labeled up, what is a greater pleasure than to get down entomological publications and go over them again and again? Field notes are always interesting. Dr. Hamilton cannot write too often, and I think most of us must enjoy following Mr. Wick- ham about in his travels after Coleoptera. Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz’s articles are most instructive and entertaining, and there are many others. Such notes undoubtedly contribute to- wards keeping up an interest in Entomology with many of the younger and some of the older entomologists. Sometimes we come across notes on Winter collecting. I have been quite suc- cessful at that season of thé year in the past, and will mention a few items. In an old hollow sugar-maple which stood near the edge of a strip of woods which was comprised mostly of blue ash and white elm, and which was bordered on one side by a piece of prairie, the following species of Coleoptera were taken: In the first place the fine rotten wood in the bottom (inside) was raked out and examined, which yielded more than a dozen specimens of Apho- dius oblongus Say, a large number of Dendrophilus punctulatus Say, five specimens of Corymbites sulcicollis Say. After the dust was examined a large portion of the heart of the tree, which was loose and honey-combed,—7.e., eaten by ants and other in- sects,—was broken into bits over a piece of cloth. It yielded several specimens of Adelocera impressicollis Say, two specimens of Adelocera marmorata, and one specimen of Adelocera avita Say. The only specimen I have ever seen. There were more than twenty specimens of Thaneroclerus sanguineus Say, two specimens of Clerus ichneumontus Fab., three specimens of Der- mestes lardarius Linn., Tenebrio castaneus Knoch, and 7. tenebri- otdes Beauv. several of each. Next in order was the outside of the base, which had not been molested so far. The bark was loose at the edges, and each large flake seemed to be partly kept in place by a large amount of spider-web, white patches, egg-sacks, etc., which are generally found about old trees. When this was 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, removed a sight met my eyes which was beautiful to behold, especially since it was my first experience with Clerus ichneu- monius (with exception of the two specimens taken from the inside). Under every piece of bark around the whole tree for three feet up were patches covered-with this beetle. It was in the month of February, and, though the sun was quite warm, the beetles were slow to show life ; a few around the outer edges were dead, but they were imbedded to some extent in bits of spider-web, and had probably been entangled in previous seasons. : Under the bark were a few more Adelocera impressicollis ; some of the common Tenebrionidz found at this season, and Cafo- genus rufus. Other hollow trees were examined in the vicinity, but yielded only a few specimens of Aphodius oblongus, Dendrophilus pune- tulatus and Corymbites sulcicollis. These are nearly always found among the dust. Whether they have been disturbed by squir- rels or jarred down is hard to tell, ‘but one would suppose that the latter species would be found clinging to the wood... I have often been surprised at the gregarious habits of certain Carabidz. What is there about a log or depression in a piece of woods that attracts insects of a certain species in great num- bers, when you might hunt in vain in similar situations in the same piece of ground? Fentagonica flavipes, var. bicolor, is not a common insect. One day in October, some two years ago, I examined a depression (in ground) near a charred log. The place was not over five feet in diameter, but it yielded more than thirty specimens of Pentagonica; thirty-nine were taken alto- gether, but the others were a few feet away near another log. Almost in the same way I took (several years ago), near-one small log which was partly imbedded in the earth, upwards of fifty specimens of Ledbia viridipennis, a species that had seemed rare till then. The same fall I took enough of Ledia ornata (near one log) to nearly fill a 4-drachm bottle, a species that is. always common, however. At another time a friend turned up a nest of Clivina impressi- rons. It was in the early Spring. They were clinging to the underside of a log which was very deeply imbedded in black soil. In such situations it is quite a rare thing to find Coleoptera, ex- cept along the edges, but here there were Clivinas (closely crowded) on a space not larger than one’s hand. Se ———- er, ee se 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 151 Leptotrachelus dorsalis Fab. is not'an abundant insect, but I found a spot once (late in fall), in a moist piece of woods, where they were in unlimited numbers under and among wet leaves. In the same region nearly a thousand specimens of Platynus basalts were taken on less than an acre of ground. Here, too, Lathro- bium armatum Say was abundant; nearly every log and bit of bark turned over yielded specimens. Many other species were abundantly represented, oO Vv The Nest and Parasites of XYLOCOPA ORPIFEX,* Smith. By ANSTRUTHER Davipson, Los Angeles, Cal. In this section of Southern California four or five species of Xylocopa are found. This last season, while collecting with Professor Coquillett, of our National Division of Entomology, we for the first time discovered the nests of X. ovfifex in abund- ance on Wilson’s Peak, a mountain of 5000 feet altitude. At the time of our visits in June and August, 1892, we collected numerous specimens of the bees and their nests. While the nests do not seem to differ in many particulars from the nests of X. virginica as described by Packard in his well-known guide to the study of insects, yet there are numerous problems con- nected therewith which I wish the readers of the NEws would throw some light upon. I picked up one piece of wood four inches in diameter and about three feet long, and as there was but one external opening it is presumable all the cells contained therein were the work of one bee. From a diagonal entrance the tunnels were driven longitudinally a distance of three or four inches on each side. Parallel to this was another of a similar length, and a third very much shorter, the cells in all numbering twenty. The tunnel is. not all of one uniform width, but is dilated in the centre of each cell, so that the tunnel measures three-eighths of an inch in diameter at the extremities, and half an inch at the centre of each cell. The partitions are constructed in a manner apparently identical with those of X. virginica, but the ribbon-like coil has five com- plete whorls, and is one-eighth of an inch wide. After the par- * From a paper read before the S. California Science Association. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (May, tition is completed its angles are filled up with sawdust, and smoothed with a waxy secretion so as to make.the bottom of the next cell oval or rounded. These cells have a uniform depth of five-eighths of an inch. . Here I would like to ask if all the Xylocopa make their tunnels wider in the centre of each cell than elsewhere? I have been led to infer from the little literature I have available, that in the construction of their cells they retained some of the fragments wherewith to construct the partitions, This seems to me rather too rational even for the carpenter bee, and I thought I had solved the problem in supposing that in digging fragments for the formation of the partition the bee had uncon- sciously widened the succeeding cell. This theory is untenable, however, as I have found some apparently new tunnels with four or five cells constructed exactly as when filled, and besides the terminal cell is always so constructed. I have frequently seen it stated that the Xylocopa turns the terminal cell towards the outer surface of the log so that the bee resulting from the egg first deposited, and presumably the first hatched, could eat its way out by a new channel. Whatever may be the habit with other bees it is certainly not so with the one in question, since all the bees here escape by the original opening in the inverse order of their deposition. On opening many of the tunnels filled early in the season one or two of the external cells may be found empty, the bees having already made their escape. In the lower cells the bees though perfect and active, remain until the following Spring, when they break through the partitions and escape. In those built late in the Summer all seemingly remain until the next Spring. How it happens that the bee resulting from the egg last de- posited is the first to escape, when there must, of necessity, be weeks of difference in their time of deposition, is something I cannot satisfactorily account for. I am led to infer, by the fact of the external cells always containing males, and the lower ones only females, that the explanation in part lies therein. Probably the males hatch out in less time than the females or take less pollen to feed them, or it is very likely that both of these factors enter into the equalization of the incubating periods. . Fertile, though these insects are, yet on account of their many enemies and parasites, comparatively few of them reach maturity. rr ee cr eee 1893. | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153 What the exact proportions are I regret I did not ascertain, but the number attacked by parasites was: certainly very large. In one piece of wood in which were three short tunnels of two cells each, six cells in all, three cells contained bee-fly pupz, one a Chalcid pupz, and the remaining ‘live bees. Although this is probably above the average, I do not think it is much so. Chief among its enemies is Argyrameba simson Fab. We found numerous pup of this bee-fly in the cells and bred the insect. It was interesting to observe this pupa, ever restless, with its tings of hooked hairs on its body preventing it going backward as it gradually wriggled itself through the partitions to the ex- ternal opening, where it transformed, leaving its case hanging to the edge of the opening. The other parasite found was the Chalcid, Monodontomerus montivagus Ashm., which deposits its eggs to the number of from ten to twenty in each cell. . These do not destroy their host until it is about to transform into the pupa state, as is demonstrated by the amount of larval excrernent so invariably found in the cell, for the larve of X. orfifex voids a large quantity of excrement, and while not an isolated example, as I have since discovered, I was not previously aware of bee larve so doing. In this, as in many other instances, some broods of Monodontomerus were all males, while other broods were all females. oO NOTES ON THE CYNIPIDA.—I. By H. F. Bassett, Waterbury, Conn. Even the most careless observer of Nature cannot have failed to notice the swellings and deformations which exist in great variety on the buds, leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and roots of trees and plants, and, if not already informed, to wonder what causes them. We call them galls, and on examination find that most of them are the home of the larve of insects—larve developed from eggs laid on the plant by the parent insect before the gall existed. The galls are produced by insects, but the interesting question —how? will be considered at another time. 154 -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May, The species of insects which are able to produce galls are quite numerous, and are found in nearly all the orders of this large class, but these notes will, unless otherwise stated, refer in all cases to such as belong to the order Hymenoptera, and to the family Cynipide. The species of galls produced by the Cynipide are more numerous on the oaks than on plants of any other order; indeed, the oaks are noted the world over for the variety and abundance of the galls they produce. Our North American oaks are known to produce about two hundred species, and it is doubtful whether one-half have yet been noticed. I have gathered, at one time, from an oak standing alone in a cultivated field nine distinct species. All trees of the same species are not equally the pro- ducers of galls; indeed, of trees and shrubs whose branches in- terlace, one may -be infested with thousands of galls, while the others produce none at all. Whether this is owing to what we may call the individuality of the tree that is found to be favor- able or otherwise—for trees of the same species have individual traits, no two being alike—or whether a tree that the gall-flies.. have once attacked is, thereafter, more susceptible to the influ- ences that produces the galls, or whether it is due to entirely different causes is not yet known. I have studied the oaks with special reference to this subject and find that colonies of gall-flies are more or less persistent, some having been known to me for fifteen or twenty years and still existing. In one case I found that the Summer brood, hatched from leaf-galls, laid its eggs for the next generation in the bark of the large roots of the tree on which they grew, and that when the insects from the root-galls appeared they laid their eggs in the buds of the same tree. I have taken at one time, more than fifty of these last i in the act of egg-laying in the buds of two or three oak sprouts that sprung from a common root and were not much higher than my head. Other clumps of oak bushes a few feet distant furnished none at all. This and some other facts of the same sort show that the female gall-fly discerns a special fitness for her work in certain trees, but does not show in what it consists. It is possible that the size and shape of the oak buds, which differ considerably on different trees, may have some influence in determining the insect’s choice for 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155 such species as lay their eggs in the buds. As these insects are generally winged, their localization does not depend upon their inability to reach other trees. The Cynipidous galls are by no means confined to the genus Quercus, as a considerable number of species are found on plants belonging to the order Rosacee—the blackberry, raspberry, wild roses and the genus /ofentilla. The order Composite, and some others, also, furnishing gall-producing plants. There are a vast number of galls on various kinds of trees and plants that are not produced by hymenopterous insects. _These mostly belong to the order Diptera, and the family Cecidomyz. In the perfect state they have two wings, and the larve are easily distinguished from the Cynipide. I mention this fact lest it be thought by the beginner in the study that these have been over- looked. Many kinds belonging to this class are sent me every year, and the senders are probably disappointed when I inform them that all the time I could devote to the study of galls for almost thirty years, not much it is true, has not enabled me to do more than begin the study of the hymenopterous galls, and that I have not even attempted to study those of other orders, which are no doubt equally interesting and equally difficult. Baron Osten Sacken, in his first article, ‘‘On the Cynipide of the North American Oaks and their Galls,’’ published in the first volume of the ‘‘ Proc. of the Ent. Soc. of Phila., Oct., 1861,’” writes as follows on the study of the gall-flies: ‘‘The difficulties attending the study of the habits of the Cynipide are so great, the peculiarity and, I may say, the intricacy of their habits is so extraordinary, that the most important questions concerning them remain unsolved. The chief reason of the difficulty of this study , is the close and persistent observation of nature it requires. Here, it is not sufficient to collect at random, in order to work out at leisure the material thus obtained; here one has to watch the growth of the gall on the tree for weeks and months; in order to be enabled to make certain observations one is bound to a certain season of the year and a certain locality, and if the season is missed or the locality cannot be reached at the requisite time, one has to wait a year before observations can be renewed.’’ All this, and more, is true; still, the history of these little insects so far as yet known is so marvellous, that no difficulties, however great, can deter one who has begun the study of their habits. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, Some of the ‘‘ unsolved questions’’ referred to by Baron Osten Sacken have, since he wrote, been solved, or a way to their full solution discovered, but fields vast enough for a life-time of study remain to be explored. THE Sugar Ant (Formica omnivora Linn.) appeared about the year 1760 in Barbadoes, and caused such devastations that, in the words of Dr. Coke, ‘“‘it was deliberated whether that island, formerly so flourish- ing, should not be deserted.’’ In 1763, Martinique was visited by these devastating hordes; and about the year 1770 they made their appearance in the island of Granada. Barbadoes, Granada and Martinique suffered more than any other island from this plague. Granada, especially, was reduced to a state of the most deplorable desolation; for, it is said, their numbers there were so immense that they covered the roads for many miles together; and so crowded were they in many places, that the im. pressions made by the feet of horses, which traveled over them, would remain visible but for a.moment or two, for they were almost instantly filled up by the surrounding swarms. * * * Notwithstanding the myriads that were destroyed by fire, water, poison and other means, the devasta- tions continued to such an alarming extent, that in 1776 the government of Martinique offered a reward of a million of their currency, for a remedy against the plague; and the legislature of Granada offered £20,000 for the same object; but all attempts proved ineffectual, until the hurricane in 1780 effected. what human power had been unable to accomplish.— Cowan's Curious Facts. THE Kermes-dye, or scarlet, made from the Coccus ilicis Linn., an insect found chiefly on a species of oak (Q. i/ea-) in the Levant, France, Spain and other parts of the world, was known in the East in the earliest ages, even before the time of Moses, and was a discovery of the Phoenicians in Palestine. Tola, or Thola, was the ancient Phoenician name for this . insect, and dye, which was used by the Hebrews, and even by the Syrians. To the Greeks this dye was known under the name of Coccus, as appears from Dioscorides and other Greek writers. From the epithets Zermes and coccus, and that of vermiculus or vermiculum, given to the Kermes in the middle ages when they were ascertained to be insects, have sprung the Latin coccineus, the French carmesin, carmine, cramoisi and vermeii, the Italian chermisi, cremisino and chermesino, and our crimson and vermillion.—Cowan’s Curious Facts. In the ‘‘ American Naturalist’? for April (p. 400, 1), Mr. Nathan Banks holds that the maxillze of insects represent the first maxillz plus the max- illipedes of the Chilopods, and that the labium of insects equals the second maxillz of Chilopods. He also suggests that the meso- and metathorax of insects are each composed of two segments, so that the entire thorax would consist of five segments, whereof one, three, and five bear legs, while two and four are provided with wings. 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENromMoLocicaL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Owing to low subscription rate, “‘extras”’ will be charged for, and when they are wanted, it should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. ; TuIs number contains forty pages. See change of wording in regard to Identification of Insects for sub- scribers page 160. PICTURES FOR THE ALBUM OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL So- ciety have been received from Prof. Edwin Alonzo Popenoe, Rev. John Davis, Ernest J. Oslar, Prof. G. H. French, Charles Robertson, Dr. W. G. Dietz, Dr. C. V. Riley, Prof. Clarence M. Weed, T. D. A. Cockerell and Prof. J. W. Toumey. WE have lately had a very pleasant visit from Mr. Chas. Robertson, of Carlinville, Ill., who has been looking over the part of the collection of the Society in which he is interested. He has been studying for some years the relationship existing between flowers and insects. KUNCKEL D’ HERCULAIS maintains that the two tints of the locust, rose and yellow, are merely indicative of different ages, not of two varieties. as generally supposed. The interest of his observation lies in his conclu- sions that the change of color is associated with the histolysis and histo- genesis which accompany the moults. The considerable dependence of their color on the presence of light was also brought out by breeding some in darkness.—( Comptes Rendus, cxiv. 240.) Some few years ago I sent to Mr. B. Neumoegen, of New York, a num- ber of Z. impersalis, all dark, showing no light markings ‘‘as in var. didyma.”’ I believe he afterwards named them as a new variety, which is, no doubt, correct, as I looked through the South Kensington Museum, in London, and they haven’t it. Those I sent were all males ; this season I have taken quite a number, and amongst them is one Q, thereby estab- lishing the fact that the variety exists in both sexes. I would say to those who have not seen this beautiful and striking variety, that the entire moth is a rufous-brown, or, to make it plain, is the color of the dark markings of the typical moth without any of the light markings.—J. T. Mason, Houston, Texas. 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, NICHOLAS has made some experiments at Mount Ventoux on the re- tardation of the date of hatching in Hymenoptera, produced by high alti- tudes. His results are as follows: At the height cf 20 metres the retardation amounted to _o days. “ “ 600 “ ““ ““ 25 “ “ “ 860 “ “ “ 41 sc 6c ‘“ 1253 “ec “ “ 69 “cc s “c 1400 mad ““ “ 83 “c ““ « 1700 ‘< “ ona cami ihc! aifopence 19t | Skinner—New species of Pamphila...... 211 Editorial. . Rivangib> Tevetee 105 Neumoegen and Dyar—Lithosiidz and Economic Selomelony.. Seeareeeseeeepipe: >see 196 PLC AGE ssi scasccaatavsve eins ddvesssagieessyeei 213 Notes and NewS......00+-sssrcsree segsesesseceee 200 3 + '___ Iw the last number of the News was published an interesting 2 _ saccount of the early history and organization of the American : Entomological Society, in which it was stated that its first presi- dent was Dr. John L. LeConte. It will no doubt be of great interest to our readers, especially those interested in Coleoptera, to see a portrait of the man who did so very much to advance our knowledge of that order of insects. Dr. LeConte died on Nov. 15, 1883, aged 58 years, and was succeeded by Dr. G. H. Horn as President of the American Entomological Society and Director of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. An interesting biographical sketch of Dr. LeConte is giveh in Vol. XI of the Transactions of the American aa Soe THE journal of the New York Binteavokniesh Society, which has just emerged from its chrysalis condition, makes a very fine appearance in its first number, and we wish it long life and much prosperity, and hope that the ‘‘ Zumble-bug’’ may never cease rolling. The first plate is very fine, and the journal is well printed, and the articles are interesting and of value. An American journal of this character has been badly needed, and will help take the pressure of too much manuscript from the News, which will facilitate the early appearance of papers.—Ep. 6 Xo 2 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, Geographical Distribution of the Carabide. By F. M. WexssTER, Wooster, Ohio. In the ‘‘ Popular Science Monthly,”’ vol. xlii, p. 191, Decem- ber, 1892, Mr. Henry A. Pilsby, in speaking of the more complex obstructing mechanism in many of the snails of the Southern States and South America, and, citing especially, Caracolas laby- rinthus, from Panama, says: ‘‘ These Southern forms represent the highest development of the three-toothed type of aperture. The meaning of this increasing complexity appears, when we remember that the regions where the most complicated types of snails are found, are known to be practically coincident with the regions producing carnivorous Coleoptera in the: greatest num- bers and in the most exuberant variety of forms.’’ The above statements are considerably at variance with what I had supposed to be the generally accepted opinion, among ento- mologists, and is quite contrary to my own observations, though these have been somewhat limited. Wollaston, in his work ‘‘ On the Variation of Species with Especial Reference to the Insecta,”’ p. 28, states that ‘‘The great preponderance of the phytopha- gous over the predaceous tribes, in the hotter regions of the earth, is a remarkable fact, and strongly suggestive of the rela- tion which the insect and vegetable worlds (both of which attain their maximum in those zones) bear to each other.’’ Further- more, Mr. Darwin, who had previously remarked this fact (‘‘Jour- nal of Researches,’’ p. 34) says that ‘‘ the carnivorous beetles, or — Carabidz, appear in extremely few numbers within the tropics. The carrion feeders and Brachelytra are very uncommon; on the other hand, the Rhynchophora and Chrysomelidz, all of which depend on the vegetable world for subsistence, are present in astonishing numbers.’ In his list of the Coleoptera of New Zealand, Capt. Thomas Brown gives the names of 148 species of Carabidae and 299 of Rhynchophora. A week’s observation in the vicinity of Hobart, Tasmania, in mid-Summer, illustrated, quite forcibly, the simi- larity of the coleopterous fauna with that of New Zealand, as re- gards to the matter in question. While I observed Rhyncho- phora and Chrysomelidz in abundance, very few Carabidae were seen. True, these islands lay within the temperate zone, but their climate is sub-tropical, like that of extreme southern United — os Oe ee ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 187 States. In North America, north of Mexico, the Carabidz out- number the Rhynchophora in number of species. It seems not improbable that the three obstructing teeth on the rim or lip of the aperture of the shell in the molluscs mentioned by Mr. Pilsby, may serve to protect the occupant from its ene- mies, and, possibly, some of these may be predaceous beetles. — But if this be true, there must be another more powerful enemy than predaceous Coleoptera, and one with which the writer of the notice is unacquainted, that causes the peculiar dentition, else the result could not be, as he says, that the highest development appears to the southward, but quite the reverse. THE COLEOPTERA OF ALASKA. By Joun Hamictton, M.D., Allegheny, Pa. A Catalogue of the Coleoptera of the vast territory of Alaska was commenced near two years ago, and is now approaching completion. The synonymy.and distribution of the species are given, and likewise a list of places in Alaska where Coleoptera have been taken, with the longitude and latitude of each place. The following summary may interest entornologists: Number of families, 45; number of genera, 251; number of species, 572. Number of species common to both hemispheres, 137; number of species occurring in Alaska and other parts of North America, 240; number of species occurring in Alaska and not recorded as occurring elsewhere, 175; number of species im- ported by commerce, 17; number of species doubtfully Alaskan, 3; number of species occurring in Northern Asia and Alaska not recorded as occurring in other parts of North America, 33; num- ber of species taken on the coast of Behring Strait and along the lower Yukon, 28; number of species taken on the continent or mainland in Alaska, 60. Many of these occur also in the penin- sulas, islands and other parts of North America, and some of them likewise in Northern Asia. In the year A. D. 1853, Prof. C. G. Mannerheim completed the publication of a catalogue of all the Alaskan Coleoptera known to him, numbering 540 species; some of these have be-- come synonyms of one another—how many, has not been counted. It will be seen that, in the aggregate during the past 40 years, 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, this number has only been increased by 32 species. Placing Mannerheim’s species in the families corresponding to those now adopted, the following list shows the difference in that and the present catalogue by families. The figures following the family are the number of species in this-catalogue; the second series, those in Mannerheim’s. Amphigoide, 1 1; Anthicide, 1 1; Buprestidae, 5 4; Byr-. rhidz, 7 6; Calandride, 2 2; Carabide, 128 114; Cerambycide; 17 18; Chrysomelide, 12 12; Ciodidee, 4 4; Cleride, 2 2; Coc- cinellidze, 7 5; Colydidz, 2 2; Cryptophagide, 16 15; Cucujide, 8 8; Curculionidz, 23 19; Dascyllide, 1 1; Dermestide, 2 2; Derodontidz, 2 2; Dytiscide, 33 34; Elateride, 30 31; Gy- rinide, 1 1; Haliplide, 1 1; Heteroceride, 1 1; Hydrophillide, 13 14; Lampyride, 9 7; Latridide, 16 15; Melandryiide, 5 4; Meloidz, 1 1; Mordellidz, 2 2; Nitidulide, 13 15; Oedemeridz, 1 1; Platypsyllide, 1 0; Pselaphide, 5 3; Ptinida, 3 3; Pyro- chroide, 2 1; Pythidz, 4 4; Scarabzeide, 5 6; Scolytidz, 18 20; Scydmenide, 3 3; Silphidz, 28 33; Spondylidz, 1 1; Staphy- linidze, 120 107; Tenebrionide, 7 6; Trogositide, 7 6; Trichop- terygide, 8 5. oO U Additions to the Hymenoptera of Jamaica. By T. D. A. COCKERELL. Having just prepared a list of the Hymenoptera of this island, I find I have notes on a few species apparently not yet recorded, as follows: 1. Catolaccus sp. [L. O. Howard]; Kingston.—2. Co- thonaspis sp. [L. O. Howard]; Kingston.—3. Cyrtogaster sp. [C. V. Riley]; bred from cocoons of Afpanteles found by Mr. Fawcett at Cinchona. This is the insect doubtfully referred to Lamprostylus in In. Inst. Ia., 1892, p. 43.—4. Dorymyrmex pyramicus Rog. [Riley]; at flowers of fennel, Mandeville; and - on corn (Zea) in Kingston.—5. Lctatomma (Holcoponera) con- centricum Mayr., [E. André]; Moneagne.—6. Ho/copelte sp. [L- O. Howard]; a green species with white legs, bred by Mr. J. J. Bowrey from cocoons of Apanteles.—7. Larra (Notogonia) tri- fasciata Sm. [W. J. Fox]; Kingston, given to me by Mr. L. M. Lynch, who informed me that it had stung a lady, who was there- upon taken severely ill. Dr. Phillippi attended the case. I sup- pose this is an instance of idiosyncrasy, comparable to many 1893. | ENTCMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189 others recorded from time to time.—8. Macrotelia floridana Ashm. [L. O. Howard]; one found on a window at Manchester Cottage, Kingston.—g. Smicra femorata Fab.; there is a speci- men from Jamaica in the British Museum marked .S. punctata Fb., which, according to Mr. Kirby (In. Linn. Soc. 1882, p. 66), is a synonym of femorata. However, Mr. Kirby considers S. xzgro- picta Cress., which has been recorded from Jamaica by Mr. Fox, also a synonym of femorata.—10. Tapinoma melanocephalus Fab.. [Riley]; in decaying tamarinds, East Street, Kingston; and on corn (Zea) in Kingston. The authorities for the identification of the species are given in square brackets after the describers. This method of citation is new or unusual, but I would venture to suggest its adoption by writers who have insects identified for them. It is only fair to those who identify species, that they should get the credit due to them, and further, the value of a list is greatly increased when we know who is responsible for the identifications. This being granted, the method here employed has the advantage of clear- ness and brevity. When no authority is cited in this way, it should be assumed that the writer identified his own species, or that the records are not new. When the record refers only to specimens compared by the writer with other specimens identified by a specialist, it is not fair to cite the specialist as authority, Since the writer might have made some mistake. 8) Two weeks in Richmond County, North Carolina. By FRANK M. Jones, Wilmington, Del. In the March number of the News is given a list of the Le- pidoptera captured by Messrs. Skinner and Laurent in Mitchell County, North Carolina, between the dates of July 7th and 21st. One month later, I collected for a similar length of time in Rich- mond County in the south central part of the same State, and for a few hours in the vicinity of Wilmington, N. C., and as the in- sect fauna of the one locality (Mitchell County) is that of the mountains, and of the other that of the warm and moist lowlands, a comparison of the species met with may be of interest. The soil of Richmond County is extremely sandy, and but little of the land is under cultivation. Although a greater va- riety of trees are to be found in the moist hollows and along the ~ small streams or ‘‘ branches,’’ pines and oaks are almost exclu- sively the trees of the higher ground. Along the ‘‘ branches’’ the collecting is excellent, especially at the flowers of Clethra alnifolia, at which nearly all of the diurnals were captured, and in the clearings, though often a tangle of high grass and rank- growing plants, Pamphile especially abounded. Fifty-seven species of butterflies were met with, including one new species, since described by Dr. Skinner as Pamphila carolina. The three species marked with a * occurred at Wilmington, N. C., and not in Richmond County. LIST. OF BUTTERFLIES. Danais archippus, Papilio turnus glaucus, Euptoieta claudia, ‘* * asterias, Phyciodes tharos, ““~ troilus, Grapta interrogationis, ‘palamedes, Pyrameis huntera, ‘* philenor, Junonia cenia, Ancyloxypha numitor, Limenitis ursuta, Pamphila campestris, Limenitts disippus, _ phyleus, Debis portlandia, - brettus, Neonympha areolatus, * otho, Neonympha sosybius, . cernes, Satyrus alope, ¥ verna, Libythea bachmani, sie accius, Calephelis borealis,* ve maculata,* Thecla halesus, ve vitellius, Ey m-album, he Susca, ‘< melinus, ve arogos Bd.-Lec. a. peas, < carolina, Chrysophanus hypophiezas, Amblyscirtes vialis, Lycena pseudargiolus. Amblyscirtes textor, . Lycena comyntas, : Pyrgus tessellata, Pieris rape, Nisoniades martials, Catopsilia eubule, ¥ juvenalis, Meganostoma c@sonia, x petronius, Terias nicippe, Pholisora catullus, Ce 4S8, Eudamus bathyllus, ‘< Jucunda, ou lycidas, Papilio ajax ,* ms lityrus. ‘* turnus, Debis portlandia, Neonympha areolatus and sosybius, and Saty- rus alope, were all quite common, as were also 7hecla halesus and 7. melinus. Terias jucunda was extremely common among 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, | a ee 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Igt the scrub-oaks; all of the Papilios were rather rare, and not a single Colias or Argynnis was seen; with the exception of Pam- phila maculata, P. arogos and P. carolina, none of the Pamphilz mentioned were rare, and ofho, accius and vitellius, were quite abundant. Of the moths, about seventy species were taken. Cherocampa tersa occurred at flowers, and the larva was found feeding on Diodia teres. At sugar, the larger Catocalz occurred sparingly, ilia and-cara being the only species taken; but elonympha came - in swarms, as did also Homoptera edusa, Zale horrida and many less common species. Fxyra ridingsii occurred as larve, pupe and perfect insects, in the large trumpet-shaped leaves of a spe- cies of pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava). These leaves or ‘‘ trum- pets.’’ are excellent traps for a great variety of insects. Coleop- tera seem to predominate, and although the specimens in the bottom of the ‘‘trumpet’’ are partly digested, and, as a rule, unrecognizable, those near the top are often alive and in perfect © condition. The largest moth taken from one of these natural traps was Agrotis ypsilon, and smaller species were of frequent occurrence. The suggestion made by Dr. E. Kunze (Ent. News, vol. ii, p. 174) that collectors should plant C/ethra ainifolia in their gar- dens is certainly a good one, for the blossoms of this plant are not only attractive to swarms of day-flying insects, but are also visited by many more at night. fat ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. LEPIDOPTERA-HETEROCERA (Moths). By Prof. Joun B. Smiru, New Brunswick, N. J. Next in order in our lists follows the Noctuid series, comprising - the Thyatiridz, Noctuidz and Brephidz, the former a link to the Bombyces, the latter to the Geometridz. In a general way these families agree in venation, but there is not otherwise any very strong band of union between them. The Thyatiride have a moderately robust body with a com- paratively short thorax, long abdomen and large wings, resem- bling the Notodontide quite strongly in these features. The thoracic tufting is evident in most cases, showing a very decided 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, tendency to form a divided median crest, uplifted patagiz and a circular, disc-shaped collar. In venation the primaries have a furcate dorsal or internal vein, 5 belonging to the median series and near to 4, and accessory cell often, though not universally present. There is considerable variation, even within specific limits, in the distribution of the veins at the end of the subcostal, and even the two opposite wings of the same specimens may differ to some extent. The location of vein 5, which is an essen- - tial point, is constant, and separates the family from the Noto- dontidze. The secondaries in the typical series have the costal vein sinuate, and the subcostal branched before the end of the cell; in Letina these characters are scarcely marked enough to attract attention at first glance; but these are the characters of venation which separate them from the Noctuidae. Vein 5 is nearest to 4, as on the fore wings: It is quite likely that the es- sential family character of the Thyatiride has escaped us thus ‘far; certainly Letina scarcely fits into the characters drawn from Bombycia or Thyatira. In our fauna we have very few species, and some of these are very rare. The species grouped under . Bombycia in my list are certainly not congeneric, but I have never had all of them together at one time for careful study. In the Noctuidz we have a very great diversity of appearance, size and wing form, as well as a very great diversity in the form and habits of the larva, and yet, up to the present time, it has not proved possible to divide the family satisfactorily. The pri- maries have a more or less evidently forked dorsal or internal vein, vein 5 nearer to 4 than to 6, and an accessory cell present, except in rare instances. The secondaries have the costal vein free from the base, usually joining the subcostal close to its origin and forming a small cell at the base, but never connected by a transverse vein. Rarely the costal arises out of the subcostal, and we then have a structure almost indistinguishable from the Arctiidae. Vein 5 belongs to the median series, and is not remote from 4. There are two simple internal veins. As a whole, the venation is very constant, and where aberrations octur, they are rarely such as to cause doubt whether or not the insect is refer- able to the Noctuidae. In body structure the insects are usually robust, with an approximately quadrate, convex thoracic dorsum, a distinct, though not prominent head, and a proportionate, cy- lindric or cylindriconic abdomen, ordinarily not extending beyond 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 193 the hind angles of the secondaries. The wings are usually rather small in proportion to the body and the primaries are trigonate, with marked, though rarely pointed apices. The ocelli are pres- ent, except in rare instances, and as a rule the tongue is well de- veloped: The legs are usually well developed, moderate in length, the posterior longest, tibize of median pair with terminal spurs, those of posterior pair with middle and terminal spurs. The anterior tibia has, in lieu of spurs, an epiphyses on the inner side, covering an excavation which occupies a greater or less ex- tent of the member. While the above characterizes the normal form of the Nectuidz, there are numerous departures from the type. The head, instead of being moderate only, may become prominent, or it may, on the other hand, become reduced in size, retracted and bombyciform in appearance. The tongue, while it never becomes excessively long, may dwindle and become obso- lete, and this is usually associated with a retracted head. The palpi vary in every possible way, from the small tubercles which are hardly perceptible, to the prominent, rostrate type found in the Deltoids. The antenne are as variable; in the females they are usually setaceous or bristle-form, but by no means always; in the males they range from setaceous to broadly pectinated, though never to the doubly pectinated type; sometimes there are _ other peculiarities in the male antenne, like the knots in Reza, or the peculiar twists in Herminia. These variations in the ap- pendages of the head furnish good characters for generic divi- sions, and, in addition, the character of the frontal structure and of the frontal clothing, as well as of the eyes, are made use of. _ In the great majority of cases the eyes are naked, hemispherical, are not particularly prominent; sometimes they will become al- most globose, and the most conspicuous feature of the head; or, on the contrary, they may be reduced to lentil-shaped discs, or may loose their round form altogether and become reniform, or kidney-shaped. Sometimes we find at the margins a fringing of long hair. overhanging the eyes, and they are then said to be lashed; again, there may be a clothing of more or less conspicu- ous hair on the surface, a single hair from each facet, set in one of the angles. Lashed eyes usually accompany a somewhat re- tracted head, and are more usual in the Xy/intform series. The front varies quite frequently, and while the great bulk of the spe- cies have it smooth and not modified in any way, we often find 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, — it roughened and protuberant; or with a cup-like depression, in which there is usually a tubercle or other process; or there may be a conic projection, with or without a depression at the tip; sometimes instead of a conic protuberance or a depression, we have a flattened, plate-like projection varying in form, and generic characters are furnished by these modifications. It is quite a characteristic of the fauna of the elevated Western plateaus that the majority of the species have the front modified in some way, while along the Atlantic coast and in the Northeastern and central portions of our country this character is somewhat exceptional. The clothing of the head may be hairy or scaly ; smoothly applied or forming tuftings, and we get some generic characters here. . (To be continued. ) PHIDIPPUS OPIFEX McCook.—In that admirable work on American Spiders by Dr. H. C. McCook, he says: ‘‘I know no Saltigrade and no Lateragrade that produces more than one cocoon, although of the former Stavely says that Apib/emum scenicum makes one or two, and of the latter that Philodromus cespiticolis deposits two flattened cocoons in a large nest.”’ I have repeatedly gathered the cocoon nests of this Phidippus’ in search- ing for parasites on their eggs, and have seldom, or ever, found one with less than two cocoons, and J have found them with as many as rig three is a very common number. The nests may generally be found in the centre of some foot hill shrub ~ of Sage or Encelia, the illustration thereof as given by Dr. McCook is very typical. In the seclusion of her nest the female first spins a shallow disc, jn which the eggs of a pinkish red color are placed; over this, but quite separate from it, she weaves a cover larger but less firm in texture and pats it down so uniformly as to leave the lid impressed exactly like a thimble top. The convex sides are made to adhere by a few loose thréads wound round at their junction and finally covered over with a sheet of web that separates it from the cell occupied by the female. The young all hatch out in August or September, and in their growth naturally sepa- rate the sides and escape into the surroundirig cottony mass, where they safely remain until the Spring.—ANSTRUTHER Davipson, M.D., Los Angeles, Cal. THE following has been received: Agricultural College, Las Cruces, N. Mex., U. S. A., May 1, 1893. Please take note that my address, a/fer June 1, 1893, will be as follows: C. H. Tyler Townsend, Curator of Mu- seum, Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, W. Indies. We wish Prof. Townsend all prosperity in his new field of labor. 1893. ] 195. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint - publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annuak subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. ge@= All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors. of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1893. Tue latest number of “Insect Life’’ (April, 1893, p. 215) contains the following comment on the department of Entomological Literature of the News: “Entomological News . , . . no longer gives abstracts of the contents of foreign entomological journals, or of only such items as refer to Amer- ican entomology . .. . [This] innovation we regret and must view as a retrogression; for if there was one feature which made Exfomological News unique and useful to all entomologists it was this bibliographical department. Even those who have access to the larger number of the entomological publications of the world cannot examine them all and a current statement of the contents of all in compact form is invaluable., Such a department might well be made more, rather than less complete, and would secure more subscribers than any other feature.”’ A partial statement of the reasons leading to this change was given in the News for January, 1893, p. 16. It was believed at the time that only a very few of our subscribers made any use of the notices of such papers, not of a monographic character, as were concerned with the description of insects not found in North America in the broadest geographical sense. It seemed, therefore, much better to employ this space in a manner which would prove of greater benefit to the larger proportion of our readers. Should it indeed be shown, from communications from subscribers them- selves, that such extra-North American entomological notices are of in- terest to a larger number of persons than we supposed, then the original scope of the Literature department will be restored. The rules laid down in January were, to include notices of anatomical, physiological, embryo- logical and monographic papers on insects wherever found, and of all papers referring to North American insects; by North America meaning all north of Panama, together with the West Indies. We believe that these rules have been given a liberal rather than an exact application. 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. The Bud Moth.—This insect, 7metocera oceliana, forms the subject of Bulletin 50 of the Cornell Station, and is written by Mr. V. L. Slingerland. The life-history of the insect is very completely given, and the features in which the observations either contradict or confirm other writers are pointed out. The question of remedies is treated in some detail, but not so much to show what is useful as to show what is effective. Finally, however, the recommendation is made that the trees be sprayed very early, before the blossoms, or rather the buds open, so as to kill the hi- bernated larva as soon as it begins feeding. It is probable that this will prove at least partially effective. This recommendation to spray early, is seasonable, and should be adopted by fruit growers generally, even where they are not troubled by the bud moth; but by the Plum Curculio alone. There is every reason to believe that this creature begins feeding quite early in the season, even before the buds are open in many cases, and that a spraying at this time is even more effective than one made later. Several of the most successful growers in New Jersey have informed me that they consider this first spraying. before the buds open, the most important, and that if they were limited to one application only, this would be the one chosen by them. Mr. Slingerland again speaks of the inefficiency of kerosene in pene- trating eggs, and while he has not tried it on this insect, he seems to con- sider that it would be ineffective. The use of this substance is probably not indicated here, but I have found it very effective in actual experiment against the eggs of at least two species of Tortricidz, not very different in appearance from those of the Bud-moth. There seems to be, of late, a tendency to decry kerosene, just as, not so long ago, the tendency was to consider it almost a cure-all. JI have never been as successful as some others in the use of this insecticide, but within a range, the exact limits of which are not yet defined, it is one of the very best that we have. One point deserves further emphasis. It has become the practice for growers to use a combination of insecticide and fungicide, and Mr. Slin- gerland properly commends this. He calls attention to the fact, which I have several times referred to, that in making the combinations Paris Green must not be used with any fungicide containing Ammonia, as this is a solvent of the Arsenite of Copper. London Purple can be safely used, however, and this is one of the reasons why I generally recommend it in preference to Paris Green. Blackberry, Raspberry and Wheat Insects: Spraying.—From the Ohio Station we have three bulletins of entomological interest, that on the Spraying issued by the Horticulturist. This is No. 48, and contains no- thing that is new. Bulletins 45 and 46 are by Mr. Webster, and are com- a ee 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 197 pilations to a large extent, especially in the case of the Blackberry and Raspberry pests. The bulletins are good, and are extremely useful to entomologists; but there is just a question whether it is the best plan to issue as a Station Bulletin a work treating of insects which have not been, and in some cases never will be injurious in the territory embraced by the State for which the Report is issued. The average farmer wants to know, and quite naturally, what to do with the pests that are troublesome in his ° land, and will not wade through a large pamphlet the bulk of which does not concern him. We all have our ideas of the proper, and Mr. Webster may be nearer right than I am, but I certainly would not have included Grapta comma among the injurious Blackberry insects on the faith of a single larva and one chrysalis found on vines in the woods. Complications of this character have an undoubted value; but they are really adapted for general works like that of Mr. Saunders, on Fruit Insects, rather than for Station Bulletins. The Bulletin on Wheat Insects is of much more vital interest to the farmers of Ohio, and Mr. Webster speaks with more positive knowledge on this subject. It is the underground pests that are specially considered, and this brings me to another repetition of the experience of the New Jersey farmers, that where they have used the commercial fertilizers, there insects of this character do not trouble them. One of the largest growers of Onion sets in the State told me recently that he never had the slightest trouble with the Onion maggots so long as he did not use the barnyard manure, and that he had become so firmly convinced of the value of these chemical manures as insecticides that he used them exclusively. This is one of the men that really make farming pay, and his experience is sug- gestive. Colorado Insects.—Some of these are treated in Bulletin No. 19 of the Colorado Station by Mr. Gillette, and the Bulletin shows that its author has not forgotten how to do good work. Quite a variety of species are treated, none of which call for special comment, save to suggest that Bets; 9, of Trypeta canadensis, would look a little better if it had legs. We have always been under the impression that all insects had some legs, though in some collections the matter is left in doubt, and in figures, the Lepidoptera seldom have more than two. Mr. Gillette recommends the application of arsenites as a remedy for two species of leaf rollers that he has found injurious. The Squash Lady Bird.—For some years Epi/achne borealis has become steadily more abundant in the Eastern States, and has in some localities become a serious pest on Cucurbs of all kinds. In New Jersey it seems to have been more troublesome on the Watermelon than on others of the vines, but I have found it abundant on Pumpkins, Squashes, Melons and Cucumbers as well. In the April number of the News I figured the mouth parts of this species in comparison with those of Coccinella 9- notata, to show the differences in the mandibular structure more particu- 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, larly. The eating done by this beetle is somewhat peculiar in that it ap- parently marks out its work when it starts feeding, and does not exceed the portion at any time, preferring to go to another point and start a fresh layout. In the accompanying figure the characteristic injury is well shown. The beetle gnaws through the epidermis on the upperside, in the form of a more or less well marked semicircle and within this it feeds, sometimes Fig. 1.—Eaten leaf. only the upper surface, sometimes leaving nothing, but more frequently allowing a skeleton to remain. How many of these patches are eaten by one beetle I cannot say; but as they are long lived, probably a considerable number, since they are at all times feeding. awe 1893. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199 Somewhere in mid-Summer the insect lays its eggs on the underside of the leaf, in little patches of from 15 to 20, or more rarely from 30 to 4o. These eggs are yellow, and resemble the eggs of the po- tato beetle quite closely; the accompanying figure shows their general appearance fairly well. The eggs hatch in about a week, and a little, spinous, yellow larva, makes its appearance, not unusually signalizing its entrance into the world by eating into its helpless relatives who have not yet emered from the egg, showing perhaps a remnant of the ancestral carnivorous habit. The larva feeds indif- ferently on the upper or un- derside of the leaf, but more commonly on the latter, and eats the epidermis only, and not the entire leaf tissue. The infested leaves dry up, wither and die. Fig. 2.—Egg patches. Late in July, or in August, the larvee become full grown, and then ap- pear as shown in the figure. The spines when examined under a mod- erate power of the microscope are very interesting objects, branching from main stem, the branches themselves jointed as in some of the urticating larve. The larva attaches itself by the anal extremity and changes to a pupa, much as do the other Coc- cinellidz, and this stage lasts only a few days. The beetles, after they emerge, feed very lit- tle, if at all, and soon disappear, finding Winter quarters under rubbish, in outbuildings or barns, or in fact wherever there is a crevice large enough for them Fig. 3.—Larva, pupa and imago, to crawl into. As to the remedies for this species, these are very simple: the insect feeds entirely exposed at all periods of its life, and in the imago stage on the upperside of the leaves, so that the arsenites can reach them without any trouble at all. sf » 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, — Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAI. GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from anysource. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Owing to low subscription rate, ‘‘ extras’’ will be charged for, and when they are wanted, it should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. : PICTURES FOR THE ALBUM OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL So- CIETY have been received from H. F. Bassett, C. H. T. Townsend, Philip Laurent, H. F. Wickham. ‘There are many more we want who have not yet favored us with their photo. Prof. LawRENCE BRUNER, of the University of Nebraska, is writing a revision of the ‘‘Grouse Locusts’’ (Tettiginz). In order to make the work as complete as possible, he will be pleased to receive sets of these insects from collectors in all parts of North America, including the West Indies. To those already, or about to be, interested in the Odonata, or Dragon- flies, it may be of interest to announce that the writer’s catalogue of the Odonata of the vicinity of Philadelphia is expected to appear in the ‘*Transactions’’ of the American Entomological Society about the close of the Summer. . The paper will consist of 1. A description of the ex- ternal and internal anatomy and development of the Odonata in general; 2. A catalogue of the species found near Philadelphia and of other N. American species for comparison, with, brief characters and descriptions; 3. A comparison of the Philadelphia Odonat fauna with that of North America,.etc. The general description will serve as an introduction to the study of this group and will be more detailed than any account pre- viously published in English. The paper will thus be of use to American entomologists who are not concerned with the Philadelphia fauna. Illus- trations will accompany the text.—P. P. C. M. H. VIALLANES, in his latest memoir on the nervous centres and sense-_ organs of articulated animals (Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (7), xiv, pp. 404-456), summarises his results as follows: From the point of view of the cerebral structure, ZLimudus and the Arachnids constitute a most homogeneous group, quite distinct from all the other Arthropods. [n these two types the brain is composed of only two segments, protocerebron and deutocerebron, both entirely pre-ceso- , 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _. 201 ‘phagial. The protocerebron, which innervates the eyes is strictly com- parable to that of the Crustaceans, the Myriapods and the Insects; it is, however, to be remarked that in Zimudus the pedunculated body attains proportions truly colossal. This same organ, although modified, is also recognizable in the Arachnids, where it has been described by M. Saint Remy under the nameof ‘stratified organ.’ In the Crustaceans, Myria- - pods and Insects, the deutocerebron is entirely pre-cesophagial; it fur- -nishes a root to the visceral system and innervates the first pair of cephalic appendages. It is strictly the same in Zimu/us and the Arachnids, but here the innervated appendages are called chelicerz instead of first pair of antennz. The first pair of antenne are above all, organs of olfaction, _\ while the chelicerze are only tactile appendages physiologically analogous. to the second antennz of the Crustaceans; in Zimu/us and the Arachnids, the deutocerebron is not differentiated into olfactory lobes.* A tritocere- bron comparable to that of Crustaceans and Insects is wanting in the Arachnids and Zisudus; in these animals, the first ganglionic mass which follows the deutocerebron is exclusively, concerned with the innervation of the mandible (first maxilliped in Z7mu/us). The visceral nervous sys- tem of Arachnids and Zimudus is represented only by ganglia homologous to the lateral ganglia of Insects and derive their roots from the deutocere- bron; but the ganglia imparia are wanting, their absence being correlated with that of the tritocerebron. The homologies of the nervous system . negessarily enter into those of the cephalic skeleton. The chelicerz are evidently the homologues of the antennules of Crustaceans and of the antennz of Insects. The rostrum of Arachnids being innervated by the deutocerebron cannot be completely homologous to the labrum of Insects and Crustaceans, of which the innervation is tritocerebral; the rostrum — and the labrum are two analogous formations, but developed on different “zonites. . . . It results from this comparative examination that the Arach- nids and Limulus ought to be united in a single group opposed to all the other Arthropods. They may be designated under the common name of Chelicerata for the peculiar condition of their nervous system is connected with the absence of olfactory antennz and the replacement of these latter by chelicerze. The Crustaceans, Myriapods, Insects and Peripatus present considerable resemblances between themselves. They can be united under the name of Anzennaza to indicate that it is to the existence of olfac_ tory antennz that they owe the distinctive traits of their cerebral organi- zation. The Antennata can be divided into two secondary groups: The first comprising only the Crustaceans and characterized by a complete development of the tritocerebron correlated with the existence of a second pair of antennz. The second uniting the Myriapods, Insects and /eri- * These considerations of a physiological order have led M. Saint Remy to think that the deutocerebron was not developed in the Arachnids, and that the second cerebral seg- ment of these animals was the representative of the tritocerebron of the Crustacea; but from a strictly morphological point of view this opinion cannot be admitted, the second cetebral segment of the Arachnids having its commissure pre-cesophagial, cannot be com- pared to the tritocerebron, whose commissure is always post cesophagial. 6* 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, patus, which are all characterized by a reduction of the tritocerebron cor- ss related with the absence of a second pair of antenne. The following table will show this new grouping, which, it seems to me, better expresses the affinities of the groups of Arthropods than any other,* Myriapoda , Biantennata * | Peripatus Insecta Quadriantennata Crustacea Chelicerata’! oe ee 5 ree A WEEVIL LIVING UNDER WATER is represented by the very rare Au- brichius aguaticus Thoms. lately observed at the Biological Station at Ploen, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, by Dr. Otto Zacharias, and i is ipe to create great interest in entomological circles. The little beetle in question is only a few millimeters long, but it it mani- fests such an eminent adaptation to live under water that it deserves our full attention by all means. Without any organs particularly developed for paddling, as the water beetles proper are furnished with, this weevil moves ~ about in the liquid element with the alertness of a Hydrachnide, to let itself down occasionally on a spawning-plant, or on a leaf of the Z/odea, to rest. It swims chiefly by the two fore-legs, while the hind pair of legs are hardly used at all. From a communication of Prof. E. Taschenberg it is known of several weevils, that they occur only on water plants, and, of Hydronomas alismatis it is known, that it can remain under water for a long time; all these novices at aquatic existence, however, are put into the shade by the Audrichius, who behaves itself amidst the water mites and Daphnides, etc., like one of themselves according to Dr. Kraatz at Berlin, who determined this beetle, discovered by Dr. Zacharias in the Ploen Sea; it is very rare in Germany.—AuG. MERKEL, New York. Antennata Arthropoda THE PRESERVATION OF THE LARVAL Foop By DIGGER WaspPs.—Arti- cles relating to the habits of the digger wasps commonly mention a state of ‘‘ paralysis” or ‘“‘suspended animation” (Prof. C. V. Riley’s account of the habits of Sphecius speciosus, ‘Ins. Life,” iv, 249; April, 1892, is the latest), produced by the sting of the wasp. I have, however, observed that death is produced directly by the sting of the wasp, notably in Nemo- bius by Lyroda subita, and it appears that an antiseptic influence is exer- cised by the acid from the sting, and the sealed condition of the wasp cells helps in preserving the larval food in a fresh state. For a number of years past this view of the effect of the sting has appeared to be the correct one, but Fr. Dienelt, of Loda, IIl., was the first to make it known (see Zhe Observer, Portland, Conn., April, 1892). In the case of large insects stung by the smaller wasps the poison from a single stinging has probably not caused death so speedily, hence the apparent “‘ paralysis’’ * The division of the Arthropods into Tracheata and Branchiata cannot be preserved, as it separates the Arachnids from Liweudus, which is their nearest ally, in order to bring them close to the Insects and Myriapods from which they differ in so many respects. .. . Se a ae 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 203 spoken of, but which really results the same unless the wasp larva so soon begins to feed as to cause death in that way. In the case of Bembex it is known that the death of its prey occurs not from stinging, but from piercing the head of the dipteron with its mandibles, hence no ‘‘ suspended animation,” and the storing of the fly in the wasp cell answers all neces- sary care in preservation, although acid may also be injected by the wasp. —Wws. Hampton Patton, Hartford, Conn. Mr. Levi W. MENGEL, of Reading, Pa., who was entomologist to the first Peary expedition to Greenland, is a candidate for the position of the United States Consul to Trinidad, W. I. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTomMoLocicaL News, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. . Entomological Literature. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCI- ENCES, viii, 2, New Haven, 1893.—New England spiders of the family Attide, J. H. Emerton, 6 pls. New England spiders of the family Tho- miside, id., 5 pls. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, London, Ont., April, 1893.—Some new Locustidz from Indiana, W. S. Blatchley. On some butterfly larve not hitherto described, H. G. Dyar. New North American Microlepidoptera, Prof. C. H. Fernald. Hints on collecting Coleoptera during the Winter, A. Ford. The butterflies of Grand Rapids, Mich , R. H. Wolcott. Z7y- phon flavifrons n. s., Rev. T. W. Fyles. The song of 7hyreonotus, W. T. Davis. Notes on Leucania pseudargyria Guen., Rev. T. W. Fyles. Two new Cynipids from Washington State, C. P. Gillette. Which side of the tree does Phleotribus liminaris attack ?, F. M. Webster. 7ryfeta,, Cliisiocampa and Ammalo, T. D. A. Cockerell. _ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, ZOOLOGIE (7), xiv, 4-5. Paris, March to, 1893.—Histological studies on the nervous centres and the sense-organs of articulated animals, H. Viallanes, THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. Melbourne, March, 1893.—Notes on some Victorian Coccidz or scale insects,* II, C. French. * Contains new species other than North American. 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; [ June, — Nature. London, April 13, 1893.—Notes on a spider, [Argiope sp.} H. H. J. Bell. April 27, 1893.—The use of Ants to Aphides and Coccids, T. D. A. Cockerell. DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, 1893, 1. Berlin, March, 1893.—The large Hydrophilids of the world, of the genus /ydrous Leach, A. Kuwert. Comparative researches ‘on the abdominal segments and the copulatory organs of male Coleoptera, a contribution to the knowledge of the natural relationships of the same, C. Verhoeff, 4 pls. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, XXXi, 140. Philadelphia, January-March, 1893.—The life-history of certain moths of the family Cochliopodidz, with notes on their spines and tubercles, Dr. A. S. Packard, 4 pls. CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Ento- mological Division. Bulletin No. 50. Ithaca, N, Y., March, 1893.—The Bud-moth [ 7mafocera ocellana], M. V. Slingerland; 29 pp., 8 figs. PsycHe. Cambridge, Mass., May, 1893.—Some observations upon two species of Bruchus, M. V. Slingerland, 1 pl.. An undescribed species of - Vespa, J. W. Shipp.’ Brief notes on two Jamaican Papilionide, T. D. A. Cockerell. Descriptions of new species and genera of West African Le- pidoptera, v, W. J. Holland. Description of the pupa of 7oxophora virgata O. S., C. H. T. Townsend. The primitive number of Malpighian vessels in Insects, W. M. Wheeler. _ Note on Afropharista jurinoides Towns., C. H. T. Townsend. JOURNAL OF THE NEw YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL Society. Devoted to entomology in general; edited by William Beutenmiiller, and to be pub- lished quarterly by the society. It is to contain about 200 pages per vol-" ume, with as many plates as possible. The subscription price is $2.00 per year, single copies 50 cents. Volume I, No. 1, is dated March, 1893, contains 48 pages and 1 plate, and its contents are: Common versus Proper [Names], Mrs. A. T.“Slosson. Attempt at a new classification of the Bombycine moths, A. S: Packard. Notes on Macrops and Anthonomus, G. W. J. Angell.’ Notes on Oniticelius Serv., id. Some injurious insects of the orchard and garden, Mrs. M. Treat. Notes on some North Amer- ican moths, C. Palm, 1 pl. Notes on the life-histories of some Notodon- tide, A. S. Packard. New species and varieties of Bombyces, B. Neu- moegen and H. G. Dyar. A new Lithosid genus, B. Neumoegen, fig. On the food-habits of North American Rhynchophora, W. Beutenmiiller. Catalogue of the butterflies of Staten Island, W. T. Davis, ACTES DE LA SOCIETE SCIENTIFIQUE DU CHILI, II, 3. Santiago, Feb- ruary, 1893.—Latrodectus formidabilis in Chili (cont.), F. P. Borne. JOURNAL OF THE TRINIDAD FIELD NATURALISTS’ CLup, I, 7. Port of Spain, April, 1893.—Preliminary list of Trinidad butterflies, W. M. Crow- foot. ——_ Tye © > es «tek 1893. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205 SrupIEs on the male tarsus in some adelphagous Coleoptera, H. F. Wickham. Ext. Iowa Nat. Hist. Bull. II, pp. 322-329, pls. v-viii, March, 1893. THE CANADIAN RECORD OF SCIENCE, v, 5. Montreal, January, 1893. —The Horn Fly, A. F. Winn. JouRNAL oF MorpHOLoGy, viii, 1. Boston, April, 1893.—A contribu- tion to insect embryology [mainly concerns the Orthoptera], W. M. Wheeler, 6 pls. BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT. Erlangen, April, 15, 1893.—The Pha- raoh-ant (Monomorium pharaonis), Dr. J. Ritzema Bos. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, April 24, . 1893.—Comparative study of the development of the egg in the agamic apterous form, in the agamic winged form, and in the sexual form of the Phylloxera, V. Lemoine. Compre Renvv. L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, April 17, 1893.— On the circulatory apparatus of Mygale cementaria Walck., M. Causard. Science. N. Y., May 5, 1893.—On a supposed climatic variation in the wing-color of some Orthoptera, W. L. Distant. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Xix. Philadelphia (December, 1892), April, 1893.—-A synoptical arrangement of the genera of the North American Jassidz, with descriptions of some new species, E. P. Van Duzee. The North American Pemphredonide, W. J. Fox. A synopsis, catalogue and bibliography, of the Neuropteroid insects cf temperate North America, N. Banks, 6 figs. xx, 1, May, 1893. —Sphinges and Bombyces—A Review, J. B. Smith. A new genus of Larridz, W. J. Fox. Synopsis of the Hormiine of North America, W. H. Ashmead. On a species of Simmu/um from the Grand Cafion of the Colorado, C. H. T. Townsend, 6 figs. Notes on Lecanium, with a list of the West Indian species, T. D. A. Cockerell. INsEcT Lire, v, 4. Washington, April, 1893..-The orange A/leyrodes (A. citrin. sp.), Eds., figs. The pear-tree Psy//a, Eds., figs. The Lang- don non-swarming device, F. Benton, figs. Notes on Aphidide, H. Os- born and F. A. Sirrine. Pelvosia, a study, S. W. Williston, 1pl. Ob- servations on the boll-worm in Mississippi, S. B. Mullen. Notes on Zntilia sinuata, Mrs. M. E. Rice, fig. The food-plants of some Jamaican Coccidze II, T. D. A. Cockerell. Observations on some Hymenopterous parasites of Coleoptera, F. H. Chittenden. Report on the Australian insects sent by Albert Koebele to Ellwood Cooper and B. M. Lelong, D. W. Coquillett: The genus Dendrotettix, C. V. Riley. THE EnToMoLocist. London, May, 1893.—Prevention and cure of grease, Rev. J. Greene. A list of Coleoptera new to the fauna of Japan, with notices of unrecorded synonyms, G. Lewis. Suggestions for decoying butterflies, H. G. Knaggs. 206 ENTOMOLGGICAL NEWS. [ June, Societas EnNtomo.ocica. Zurich-Hottingen, April 15, 1893.—On the expansion of the wings of butterflies, Dr. O. Staudinger. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE. London, May, 1893.—A few remarks on Coccids, W. M. Maskell. A third species of Aleurodicus, T. D. A. Cockerell. On the employment of arsenic as a preservative in collections of insects, R. McLachlan. Conspectus specierum generis Trigonotylus Fieb., O. M. Reuter. A synopsis of the British: Psychodidze (cont.), Rev. E. A. Eaton. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES (N. S.), xx, pp. 55-92.—Studies on the transformations of moths of the family Saturniidze, A. S. Packard, 1o figs. April (?), 1893. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Division of Entomology. Bull. No. 29.—Report.on the boll worm of cotton (Heliothis armiger Hiib.). Made under the direction of the entomologist by F. W. Mally. Washing- ton, 1893; 73 pp., 2 pls. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Pt. CVII. London, March, 1893. —Coleoptera: vol. iv, pt. 1, pp. i-xxiv, title page, 565-572; pl. xxiii, G. C. Champion. Vol. iv, pt. 2, pp. 449-464, pl. xxi, G. C. Champion. Le- pidoptera Rhopalocera: vol. ii, pp. 241-256, F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Rhynchota Heteroptera, pp. 385-408, pls. xxxiv-xxxv, W. L. Distant. Tue British NATURALIST. London, May, 1893.—The Pterophorina of Britain, J. W. Tutt. Notes on certain Coleopterous insects found in city warehouses, G. A. Lewcock. NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS DESCRIBED IN THE PRECEDING LITERATURE, ARACHNIDA. Araneina: New species of Attidae, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. viii, pp. 220-252; of Thomiside, id., 2. c., pp. 459-381. COLEOPTERA. Heteromera: n. gen. and spp. Mexico and Cent. Amer., Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am. Coleop. iv, pt. 1, pp. 565-572; pt. 2, pp. 451-464. Histeridz: Synodites gibbidorsum, detritus, Schmidt, Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1893, p. 180, Mex. S. graniformis, p. 181, id.? Heteriomorphus n. gen. H. perplexus, p. 186, Mex. Heteriodes, n. gen., H. fraudulentus, p. 188, id. Macrops schauppi Angell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. i, p. 12, loc?; AZ lara- miensis, p. 12, Wy. Anthonomus dentoni, p. 13, Nev. i oe i it all 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 207 HEMIPTERA. Aleyrodes citri Riley and Howard, Ins. Life, v. p. 219, S. States. Aradidz: Loéocara n. gen. Bergroth, Rev. d’Ent. xi, p. 259; Z. ovata, p. 260, Mex. : Heteroptera: n. gen. and spp. Distant, Biol. Cent.-Am. Rhynch. Heter. pp. 385-408. Jassidz: n. sp. Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, pp. 295-307. Pemphigus attenuatus Osborn and Serrine, Ins. Life, v, p. 237, lowa. HYMENOPTERA. Tryphon flavifrons Fyles, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 107. Diastrophus kincaidii, Synergus garryana, Gillette, Can. Ent. xxv, p. t10, Wash. Vespa westwoodii, Shipp, Psyche, vi, p. 450, N. Amer. Pemphredonidz; n. sp., Fox, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, pp. 307-326. Larridze: Diploplectron Fox, /. c., xx, p. 38, for Liris (?) bvunneipes Cr. Hormiine: n. sp. Ashmead, 7. c., xx, pp. 39-44. LEPIDOPTERA. Crambus albilinellus Fernald, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 94, S. Cal. C. colora- dellus, p. 95, Col. Alucita fishii, Nev., A. elliottii, N. Y., p. 95. Hesperidz: n. sp. Cent. Amer., Godman & Salvin, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lepid, Rhop. II, pp. 244-256. Parorgyia atrivenosa Palm., Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. I, p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 5. fiypopacha n. gen, Lasiocampidz, Neumoegen and Dyar, Z. c., p. 29, type Cnethocampa grisea Neum.; six n. var. Clisiocampa, pp. 30-31. Trypanus perplexus, p. 31, Col. Aypopta edwardi, ethela, cornelia, p. 32, Col.; n. vars. of Nadata gibbosa and Notodonta stragula, p. 34, 35. Bruceia, n. gen, Lithosidzee, Neumoegen, Z. c., Pp. 35; &. pulverina, p. 36, Col. : NEUROPTERA. Nothochrysa californica Banks, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. XIX, p.:373, Cal. ORTHOPTERA. Acridide: Dendrotettix Riley, Ins. Life, v, p. 254; D. longipennis, p- 255, Texas. Conocephalus palustris Blatchley, Can. Ent. xxv, p. 89, Ind. Orcheli- mum indianense, p. 90, Ind. O. campestre, p. 91, Ind. 0. bruneri, p. g2, Ind. Gladys (from Wellesley)—‘‘ Ok, Uncle Rufus! do look at these tadpoles in this pool; and to think that some day all those horrid things will be butterflies.”’ 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, | The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. APRIL 27, 1893. A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening. In the absence of the director, Mr. J]. H. Ridings presided, and in the absence of the recorder, Mr. Calvert acted as such. Additions to the Cabinet of the American Entomological Society were presented as follows: one <' Aeschna juncea, one §\ A. verticalis from Mr. Calvert; Jamaican ants, four species, from Mr. J. Percy Moore; new Hymenoptera, six species, from Mr. Charles Robertson; twenty-three ‘species of European Hymenoptera new to the collection from Mr. Ernest André in exchange; eight specimens of a new species of Zntechnia from Prof. J. T. Aldrich. Papers No. 280, 281 and 282, were presented for pub- lication and referred to the Publication Committee. Mr. Fox called at- tention to the new species of Lxtechnia, presented by Prof. Aldrich, which has the tongue much longer than in any other species of the genus. The eight specimens shown were apparently all females, and were col- lected at Hot Springs, South Dakota, by Prof. Aldrich.” _ Puitip P. CALVERT, Acting Recorder. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws: : AN ANOMALOUS EMPID. By D. W. CoguILLett, Los Angeles, Cal. Among the Diptera collected by the writer during the past season is a single specimen, which, while undoubtedly belonging to the Empide, differs from all other members of this family known to me, in that the anal cell is open. Indeed, this is the principal character employed by Dr. Loew for separating the Bombylidz from the Empide. The present form, however, has much more affinity with the latter family than it has with the Bombylidz. The spherical head attached to a distinct neck; the absence of labella; the very short first antennal joint, and the long, robust terminal style; the very gibbous thorax, and narrow, elongated abdomen; finally, the absence of the second submar- ginal cell in the wings, are characters which pertain to the Em- 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 209 pide, but not to the Bombylide. The almost complete oblitera- tion of the first section of the fourth vein finds its parallel in the Empid genus Syndyas, but so far as I am aware, is not known to occur in any Bombylid genus. The course of the second vein, closing the marginal cell, is a character not known to me as oc- curring in either of the above-mentioned families. Still, this character, as well as the other neurational ones, cannot be con- sidered of sufficient importance to exclude the present form from the Empidz, and it will best be located in the subfamily Hybotine. The following is a description of this new form: MYTHICOMYIA n. gen. Body destitute of macrochetz. Head globular, attached to a distinct neck. Antennz porrect, two-thirds as long as head; first joint very short, the second as broad as long; third joint broadly lanceolate, not annulate, nearly three times as long as the second; style terminal, nearly half as long, and one-third as broad as the third joint, very densely pubescent. r. of the male contiguous, and with an area of enlarged facets above. Three widely separated, equidistant ocelli present. Proboscis rigid, nearly as long as heighth of head, projecting obliquely forward, destitute of labelle; palpi minute. Thorax greatly arched, in profile higher than long. Wings having the marginal cell closed; only one submarginal and four posterior cells, all of them open, as is also the anal cell; first section of the fourth vein colorless, the last, or seventh vein, very weak. Neuration as . shown in the accompanying figure. Legs rather robust, but none of the parts dilated, destitute of bristles, spines and other processes; front coxz. less than half as long as their femora; pul- MYTHICOMYIA RILEYI. villi well-developed, empodium bristle- like. (Name from the Greek AZuthikos, legendary, and muza,.a fly.) Mythiocomyia rileyi n. sp.—Black, the frontal triangle, face, humeri, base of the first and apices of the other abdominal segments excepting the last, apex of femora, tibiz wholly, and the halteres white, the short, sparse hairs also white; occiput, thorax and abdomen gray pollinose, the hypo- pygium shining, one and one-third times as high as long, shorter than, but projecting one-fourth its height above the eighth abdominal segment. Wings wholly hyaline. Length 2.5 mm. 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, © | June, Kern County, Cal. A single specimen in May. It is with much pleasure that I dedicate this rare and very in- teresting species in honor of our national entomologist, Dr. C. V. Riley. The accompanying figure is froma camera-lucida sketch, drawn with the assistance of Miss Grace G. Kingsley, of this city. D Vv COLORADO CYNIPIDA..—Part IV. By C. P. GILLETTE, Fort Collins, Colorado. HOLCASPIS. H. colorado n. sp. Gall.—I have two small twigs, each containing a cluster of three galls that resemble small, dark colored galls of H. rugosa Bass. The galls are slightly drawn out into a blunt point; the largest measures three-eighths of an inch in length by five-sixteenths of an inch in breadth. The sub- stance of the galls is more dense than in rugosa or globulus, and the cen- tral cell does not separate from the surrounding cellular tissue. Gali-fly 9*.—Black, shaded with rufous. Length 3.6mm. Head dark rufous, with parts bordering mouth, middle portion of face and vertex black, or nearly so; antenna 13-jointed, black, third joint slightly longer than the fourth. Zhovax rather coarsely punctured, and from each punc- ture arises a gray hair; the general color of the thorax is black, but there is a tinge of rufous upon the shoulders and between the parapsidal grooves; parapsidal grooves black, and rather broad at the scutellum, but extending only about half way to the collar; median groove wanting, parallel lines. - extending back from the collar distinct, lines over base of wings black, smooth and shining; scutellum grooved at base, rugose, sparsely haired, and darker in color than the mesothorax; pleurz densely punctured, the punctures giving rise to fine white hairs. 4édomen black polished, sec- ond segment with fine pubescence on the sides near the base, second segment hardly covering more than one-third of the dorsum; the abdomen is truncate and compressed laterally, the greatest depth from the dorsum to the venter being greater than the length. Wings hyaline, 4.2 mm. long; nervures black, but not heavy; areolet rather large. Feet blagkas tinged with rufous; tibize darker than femurs. Described from one living female cut from the gall Oct. 31, 1892. The galls were taken at Manitou, Col., September 3oth. BELONOCNEMA. | B. colorado n. sp. Gall-fly 2 .—General color dark rufous; head entirely rufous, but rather lighter in color than the other parts of the body. Head: Facial carina rather prominent, labrum elevated at the free end and slightly notched, 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 211 sculpturing of face consisting of fine impressed lines outlining small, more or less hexagonal areas; mandibles and palpi pale yellowish, ocelli ap- proximate, a tinge of black about the base of each, occiput slightly tinged with black; first joint of antenna rufous, second tinged with same color, - the following joints black, third joint as long as fourth and fifth together. Thorax smooth and shining, parapsidal grooves very distinct, median groove absent; scutellum rugose, without foveze, but with broad basal groove; pleurz of pro- and meso-thorax smooth and shining, the meso- thorax striated on a small part of its upper surface immediately beneath the base of the wing; the pro-thoracic pleure are sparsely punctured and near the anterior coxe are striated. 4ddomen dark rufous shading into black at the tip, the second segment bearing a few scattered hairs at the side. Wings hyaline, nervures distinct, but without smoky margins, ra- dial nervure long and but little curved, and the radial cell long and nar- row, cubital nervure reaching the first transverse areolet medium in size; length 5.5mm. /¢ef dark rufous, the femora being lightest in color. Described from a single female taken by the writer at Dolores, Col., June 18, 1892. ray U THREE NEW SPECIES OF PAMPHILA. By Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Phila., Pa. Some weeks ago while on a visit to Reading, Pa., and looking over the Hesperidz in the wonderful collection of Lepidoptera - belonging to Dr. H. Strecker, I found these three new species, and was kindly allowed to take them home with me for study and description: Pamphila streckeri n. sp. {'.—Expanse 1.25 inches. This is a yellow fulvous species with a narrow dark. brown border to all wings. Pvi- maries: yellow-fulvous, except the dark border, which is about one- eighth of an inch in width. The stigma is a long, narrow, black line, ex- tending from median nervure to submedian nervure, crossing obliquely two nerve spaces; at the end of cell there is a distinct, black, V-shaped mark, composed of two lines with the point toward tip of wing. Secon- daries: these are yellow-fulvous, with a dark border similar to primaries, except that on primaries there is no fuscous on costa, except at tip, whereas in secondaries the dark border extends all around and widens toward base of wings. The border on exterior margin of secondaries is narrower than on primaries, and the yellow-fulvous of central are: of -wing runs into it in marked indentations, there being four well-defined teeth. Fringes to all wings yellow-fulvous. Underside: primaries same as above, excepting that there is the usual dark basal mark; the border is same width as above, but lighter in color, and the yellow veins run through it giving the fuscous a dentate appearance; and the yellow-fulvous 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, fringe is separated from wing by a remarkably distinct and well-defined black line. The secondaries are greenish gray with the nerves lemon- yellow, making a distinct and curious combination; the interspace between the last median and the submedian nervure is bright yellow-fulvous; fringe and black line same as on primaries. This is a remarkable species, and can be readily recognized by character of stigma, dentate fulvous on secondaries above, and by the marking of secondaries below.. Above the species looks like delaware, only it is darker in color, and below ii it reminds one very much of 7) hymelicus poweschiek. Described from one % in the collection of Dr. Strecker, after whom I have named it. The specimen came from Florida. Pamphila yehl n. sp. <.-Expanse 1% inches. This species looks con- siderably like aaroni, and the superiors are marked not unlike pawnee, thus having a heavier stigma than aaroni. Upperside: primaries yellow- fulvous, with a brown border three-sixteenths of an inch in width; three yellow-fulvous subapical spots situated in the brown border, the border extending inwards from these to the end of cell; stigma rather wide and mud-color in the middle, it is faintly divided in two by the nervure; beyond the stigma and extending to brown border are two quadrate, yellow-ful- vous spots, and at outer end of stigma a small V-shaped one, and at end of this and directly below the extra discal spots is another minute V-shaped spot. Secondaries: centre yellow-fulvous, with a dark brown border ex- tending all around; the yellow-fulvous is broken into four distin¢t parts by the nerves, with an extra one in the cell. Underside: there is nothing characteristic about primaries below; secondaries are light cinnamon- brown in color (much like /eonardus); in the centre of the wing, closely placed, there is a semicircle of four yellowish round spots, with an addi- tional one placed more inwardly toward the base. These spots are not nearly so well defined as in eonardus. The species comes near aaront. One specimen from Florida in collection of Dr. Strecker. Pamphila alcina n. sp. ¢’.—-Expanse 1.5 inches. Upperside. Primaries: stigma black and well marked; three subcostal spots showing not very distinctly in the fulvous of costa; taking on artificial line from subcostal spots through stigma to inferior margin, the whole of this area to base of wing is fulvous; external to the stigma are two fulvous spots one above the other; the lower one is quadrate, and the other a triangle enclosed by the nerves; the fulvous extends along interior margin to outer margin of wing; the remaining part of wing is brown; the inferiors are brown, with” the central asea covered by ill-defined fulvous spots and scales. Under- side of inferiors greenish fulvous, immaculate. 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 213 From three male specimens from Colorado; two in coll. of author and one in coll. Dr. Strecker. This species comes closest to manataagua and cernes, but is larger than either and lighter in color. Notes on LITHOSIIDA and ARCTIIDA, with descriptions ; of new varieties.—!. By B. NEUMOEGEN and Harrison G. Dyar. (Continued from page 143.) E. nais Dru. ¢'.—Thoracic vestiture shaggy. Head and collar above pale ocher-yellow, rarely with two black spots on the collar; thorax pale - ocher-yellow, with three black stripes; abdomen same color with a broad dorsal black band, broadest centrally. Below, nearly entirely black; fore wings black, with pale ocher-yellow marks; when complete, these are as follows: a costal line from base two-thirds length of wing ( but the costal edge is black), 2 median band from base to end of cell, where it is bent at right angles to touch costal band, and sends off at its middle below a branch to internal angle; a terminal W-shaped mark, the upper limb of which does not quite attain costa; its central angle joins the angle of the median band, and its lower limb the branch at about the middle of the latter; the fringe and internal margin are also pale ocher-yellow; usually the outer part of these marks is more or less obsolete, and the W mark and branch of median band may be entirely absent; hind wings pale ocher- yellow, shading to darker at the central basal area, rarely overspread with a light red shade in this portion. -There is one marginal, three submar- ginal, an elongate apical, and one small discal spot, all variable in ‘size, sometimes partly absent, or enlarged and confluent. Expanse 32-39 mm. Female differs from <¢ in the smooth thoracic vestiture; the marks on the collar are more generally present than absent; the color of hind wings and abdomen is a darker ocher, and the marginal black spots tend to be larger becoming confluent, and occasionally forming a complete black border. Expanse 32-35 mm. E. phalerala Harris.—Thoracic vestiture of ¢ smooth and even,-ot very slightly shaggy; the black marks on collar and thorax distinctly present. Abdomen pinkish red with dorsal black stripe; below entirely black; fore wings black, with pale ocher-yellow markings, with a slight flesh-colored tint. The pattern is as in zazs, but the costal edge is yellow, and the markings never show a marked tendency to become obsolete. The costal band extends almost to the apex and the upper limb of W mark joins it; rarely it is disconnected and shortened, but this is the extent of variation: hind wings pale ocher-yellow, pinkish red along abdominal margin; the color fades away outwardly, but often largely overspreads the wing; black marks as in wats, but the discal dot is usually larger, while the spots do 2 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, not usually b:come confluent, though they are often reduced in size or entirely absent. Expanse 34-38 mm. Female differs from ¢ in the smoother thoracic vestiture, though the difference is not marked, and in the color of hind wings, which are crim- son-red, the black spots larger than in 2, but usually not confluent. Ex- panse as in ©. : E. vittata Fab <'.—Thoracic vestiture shaggy, but less so than in mais, black spots on collar absent. Abdomen ocher-yellow, with a broad black dorsal band, which widens posteriorly and covers nearly the whole of the last abdominal segment; fore wings black, marked as in wats, but the costal edge is yellow nearly to apex, as it is in phalerafa. The terminal W mark is even more invariably obsolete than it is in mais, the marks being sometimes reduced to the costal and median longitudinal lines; hind wings ocher-yellow or red, the spots almost always decidedly con- fluent, and frequently forming a complete border. Expanse 38-43 mm. In the 9 the thoracic vestiture is smooth, the black spots are often present on the collar, the abdomen is more covered with black posteriorly, while the marks on the fore wings are usually more reduced and the marginal black band of secondaries often covers more than half the wing; otherwise as in the 3. Mr. Dyar is prepared to show from the differences in the % genitalia that these three forms are entited to specific rank, and we are informed by Mr. J. Doll that the larve of phalerata and decorata (= vittata) differ strikingly in appearance. Hypercompa caja Linn. The typical form with red hind wings occurs in the Pacific Northwest, as we learn from Prof. O. B. Johnson. Var. americana Harris. This inhabits the Northeastern part of the continent. Var. utahensis Hy. Edw. The white marks are more extensive, the hind wings yellow. Var. transmontana n. var. This a Western varietal form, still more extreme in its mark- ings than var. utahensis Hy. Edw., coming, in its profusion of white on primaries, very near 7. wiskotti Stgr. from Asia Minor. The ground color of primaries is white, with the following macu- lation in blackish brown. Three irregular, broad, transverse stalks from basal half of costa, converging below cell in subme- dian space and followed by a large blotch, either subovate or sub- quadrate, resting on basal half of internal margin. A large, — se s.-Cti(‘—~™ 1 893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 215 subquadrate spot, angulated outwardly, from apical part of costa to veins 5-4, and another broader blotch similarly notched at outer edge, resting on internal margin near angle, sharply pointed at conjunction with vein 3. The interspace between veins 3 and 4 as well as the anterior margin is entirely immaculate white. Apical blotches either wanting or minimal; a narrow terminal line; small basal dots from costa to internal margin. Secondaries light yellow; no discal dots, but large transverse dots of steel- blue in basal part of cell, and from one to three submarginal dots of same color. Below, the maculations of primaries are more reduced, only two stalks from costa, which converge in cellular interspace, the stalk nearest base wanting. The large subovate blotch in basal half on internal margin, more or less obsolete. Basal dots absent; secondaries as above. Hfab.—Western Colorado. Caught by Mr. D. Bruce in several examples. Types in Mr. Neumoegen’s collection. Var. opulenta Hy. Edw. As originally suggested by the describer, this must be only a variety of caja. It is distinctly led up to by the form described above. Genus ZATREPHES Hiib. Head rather small, front higher than wide, narrowing a little below, smooth, slightly convex; ocelli present, eyes large, glo- bose, naked; antennz inserted over the eyes, very far apart, simple, minutely ciliate; palpi exceeding the front by more than half their length, ascending; tongue long, strong, coiled. Tho- rax as long as broad, with smooth vestiture of hair and scales. Abdomen moderately stout, exceeding the secondaries; the ter- minal joints conical. Legs slender and closely scaled, long, subequal; posterior tibiae with two pairs of short spurs, tarsi very slightly spinuated with two claws at tip; fore wings produced at apex, costa slightly and evenly convex, outer margin very ob- lique; wing more than twice as long as broad; vein 1 free, sub- sinuate, median four branched, veins 3-5 arising very close to- gether and remote from 2; cell closed, the cross-vein deeply bent inwards below the middle, the upper part oblique; 6 from apex of cell; 7-10 on a stalk from origin of 6, vein 10 running very close to the others; 11 arises from the subcostal and is also much crowded in the narrow costal space; 12 free, with a loop near base below to receive the frenulum of secondary; hind wings tri- ‘ ¢ \e 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, — gonate, costa and outer margin slightly convex; 2 internal veins ; median three branched; cell broad, closed by a slightly concave vein; 5 arises below the middle of cross-vein; 6 is a continuation of the subcostal; 7 arises from subcostal before end of cell, 8 wanting. ’ This genus seems hardly to beking to the Arctiaaa In the position of the median venules of the hind wings it is like the Agaristidz, but vein 8 is entirely absent. Z. trigona Grt.—This differs from its ally, Z. specu/aris H. S., as follows: Head, collar and patagia in specu/arts uniformly yellowish gray; in rigona mouse-gray, with a central line and rims of collar, as well as the edges — of patagia, of rose color. Primaries above: the hyaline space in specu- /ayis runs from costa in three small undulations to within outer margin, then loops inwardly, skirting the discal area in two large bows back to costa. In ¢vigona it is a simple curved line, keeping at a distance from the outer margin, resting with a sharp inner hook on median vein and then traveling back to costa in a curve. , In ssecudaris it is strictly hyaline; in ¢rigona the space is powdered with straw-yellow, beth having the black granules; the space of costa covered by hyaline blotch is 8-9 mm. in Specularis; 5-6 mm. in ¢vigona. The apical area in specularis is yellow- ish gray, the costa being yellow, while in ¢vigona it is blackish gray, with a red apical costa. In specu/aris the intersection of nerves at outer mar- gin is light gray, in ¢vigona it is black; besides there is a narrow, but bright yellow marginal band in ¢vigona. A rose colored, small basal dash and a small reddish line at angle of ¢vigona. In specularis there are two small yellowish basal dots, one resting on median and the other on sub- median vein. In ¢vigona there are two large basal dots, very often con- fluent, thus forming an irregularly square, basal yellow field; besides, there is always in éigona an irregular, yellowish blotch, covering the me- dian space between this basal field and the hyaline costal area, most in- - tense in color near base and fading towards angle. Secondaries in specu- aris strictly hyaline, with a brownish marginal rim and a light shade of rose along anal margin. In “#igona more opaque, whitish hyaline, no marginal rim, but an intensely rose-colored area along anal margin; ante- rior margin of sfecudaris slightly curved at centre and somewhat pointed at angle, while in ¢vigona it is well rounded. Primaries below in specu- laris, as well as the nerves, whitish gray, with a rose-colored dash along costa from inner rim of hyaline space pointing towards base. In “#igona the most intense rose color, with the exception of apical space, which is dark gray, crossed by rose-colored veins and a marginal white tint along inner margin. Expanse of wings: specudaris 38-40 mm.; trigona 33-35 mm. The specimens before us are from Mexico, Chiriqui Bay and Venezuela in specularis; and from Colorado and the Southwest in /rigona. » hE lb News, Vol. IV. ENT. — ~-— eS 9. ARGYNNIS CORNELIA Edw. %. “ ARGYNNIS OWENI Edw. %. 2. “ —— t EN I OMOLOGICAL NEWS — * “PROCEEDINGS OF THE. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECT ION ACADEMY OF NATURAL deren, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. Iv. SEPTEMBER, 1893. No. 7.. CONTENTS: Hamilton—Medico-Entomology Satcapavens 217 Entomological Literature.........-...- aeses 236 Bean—Food-plants of Grapta zephyrus 220:| Entomological Sectiomiies.cisdiyiveetctbece 241 Smith—Elementary Entomology .......-. 221 | Townsend—Stem gall on E.nevadense 242 . Bassett—On the genera of Cynipide... 223 | Dyar—Life-history of P. eurymedon.... 243 Fyles—Early stages of P. bimaculata.:. 225. | -Owen—Peculiar form of Arg. erinna.... 246° Oslar—Los Angeles Rhopalocera ais bears 226 | Townsend—Tick from ear of Coyote... 246° NTs ap ch castors cicat 333 coceoones ic Resorhes 228 | Kenyon—New Myriapoba from Neb..... 247 Economic Entomology.-+-sd+sceeees. Sookie 229 | Neumoegen & Dyar—An undescribed Notes and Newsi.....s+- sesssssessereseneesgeees 233 |). form of:-Glovetiat.iviss. csccastsseeceeesis 248. e Ovr illustration this month represents the upper and under-: sides of two species of Argynnis lately described ‘by. Mr: W. H. Edwards. The specimens are in the fine collection. of Prof. Edw.- “SR, Owen, of Madison, Wis.; and the: negative from. which the half-tone was made was rsisblied by Prof. Owen. Next: to’ the ‘Hesperidz, the species of Avgynnis are probably the: most diffiz cult to illustrate in this way: The species were described i in the e “Canadian cig ae o— MEDICO-ENTOMOLOGY. By JOHN Hamiton, M.D., Allegheny, Pa. Stinging by Hymenoptera. In continuation of. this subject from_an article on p. 51 of this volume, and-volume‘i,'p: 143, it - _ is desired to place on record the result of a ge exporters made by the writer last Summer. ~ The muscle and nerve which pass over the poikt of the elbows were injured by-a fall, and six weeks afterwards remained quite painful. In August, while collecting, some wasps (Polistes) were observed on some flowers, and a trial of the efficacy of stinging 7 ig a A 218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _[September, was suggested. Five were successively caught, and each allowed to insert its sting twice along the course of the tendon and nerve, as well also as a black hornet ( Vespa maculata). The sting of — the Po/istes is very long and slender, and the wound quite pain- ful; that of the Vespa, while much coarser and shorter, causes less pain. The stinging was followed by some tumefaction and an unpleasant, numb sensation, which lasted several hours; when these ceased all pain from the arm was gone and did not return. While stinging may be a paliative in some of the chronic forms of rheumatism, from the nature of that disease, of itself, it could not possibly effect a cure. Enough of authentic examples, how- ever, exist showing that it may be employed with advantage in certain neuralgic affections (the rheumatism of the unprofessional) and in tratimatic injuries of the nerves and muscles. So far as known, no unpleasant sequences have ever occurred from the stings of Hymenoptera in any part of the body supplied by _Merves originating in the spinal cord; but in stinging about the face and head which are supplied by nerves proceeding from the ‘brain itself great care should be taken to avoid wounding these merves, otherwise a fatality might occur, as cases are on record -similar to the one which follows, witnessed by the writer: While ‘watching the hiving of a swarm of bees in a lawn in a country ~village, the owner, an oldish gentleman, was seen to suddenly fall; reaching his side in an instant, he was found to be almost ‘pulseless and scarcely breathing; artificial respiration was insti- tuted by an assistant, and soon medicinal remedies were at hand, camphor, ammonia, etc., and a teaspoonful of compound spirits of zther administered; in the space of half an hour heart action and respiration were sufficiently re-established. The sting, which remained in the puncture, had penetrated the supra-orbital nerve a little above where it leaves the orbit. Should any one be in- duced to try enkentric treatment, this danger in applications about the head should not be overlooked. Carpenter Bees.—It may not be so well known to entomolo- gists as to country boys, that bees which alight on timothy stalks and ripening grain are drones and may be handled with impunity. Acting on this knowledge, one day last Summer, the writer picked a bumble-bee from a grass stalk and proceeded to ex- ainine it for Sty/ops; suddenly he concluded that he had met with an exception to the rule about drones and timothy stalks, having 1893. | ENTCMOLOGICAL NEWS. 219 unexpectedly received near the point of one of his fingers what was supposed to be a sting, and severely painful, the blood flowed freely, and there was a deep transverse cut about three-eights of an inch in length. This seemed a rather curious sting. An ex- aminatien, with judicious care, showed that the bee was really a drone, and that its other end possessed a weapon more formidable than any sting—a long, sharp, sickle-shaped pair of mandibles of horny chitin. Whether it is the habit of Xy/ocopa to use the jaws as an offensive and defensive weapon, or whether the oc- currence mentioned was accidental, can only be known by ex- perimenting, which the writer does not propose to institute per- sonally—an occasional sting is not greatly regarded, but he does ‘not care to be bit. Hypoderma.—An imago of a species of this genus is the parent of the well-known warble which is frequently seen on the backs of cattle. It is said the eggs are conveyed into the mouths of cattle when licking themselves, where, soon hatching out in the fauces and throat, the larve penetrate through the various tissues till they reach the skin of the back, where they remain till fully grown, escaping to the ground for pupation through the ulcerated tumors they occasion. Several years ago I saw, professionally, a boy, six years of age, who had been suffering for some months from the glands on one side of his neck being swollen and a feetid ulceration around the back teeth of the lower jaw of the same side. Three months’ treatment was of no avail, and the end seemed near; one day a white object, which was seen to move, was observed in the ulcer at the root of the tongue, which, on being carefully extracted, proved to be a large grub, which, from having frequently seen them, I recognized as a full grown larva of Hypoderma. It was of the usual tawny color, about half an inch long when contracted, about one-third that thickness and quite lively. The case ended fatally. This boy had been on a dairy farm in Illinois the previous fall, where probably the egg was in some way taken into his mouth, and the larva found be- tween the base of the tongue and the jaw suitable tissue in which to develop, coming to maturity at the same time with those bred in cattle. Prof. PACKARD is said to have been offered the Hope professorship of Zoology at Oxford, England, to succeed the late Prof. Westwood, but declined, as he did not wish to leave America. 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, FOOD-PLANTS OF GRAPTA ZEPHYRUS. By Tuomas E. BEAN. Early in August, 1890, I collected zephyrus larvee of various ages from third stage to those nearly mature, at an elevation of about 5800 feet, feeding on Rrbes lacustre, a gooseberry very common near Laggan, though also very local. They were taken home, and with them a supply of the plant, on which they were fed for a day or two, during which time several made pupa. The supply of gooseberry being exhausted, and the nearest locality for it quite distant, I was obliged to consult the botanies for a substitute. Of accessible plants rose seemed most plausible for trial. Accordingly, the wilderness of their can was made to blossom with the rose, and the Grap/as (there were ten or more) were introduced. They climbed up on the awning in a long procession to inspect the new Bill of Fare—looded askance at the rose twigs and went away to look for a gooseberry patch. Pros- pects for success of the experiment looked dark, but I persevered in giving the botanical ultimatum a fair test. And the Grapéas, after many journeys around the can and a great amount of | ‘beating about the bush’’ (rose bush), reluctantly admitted the analogy between rose and gooseberry, and began to tackle the rose leaves. They successfully fed up, and I have to-day ten fine rose-fed zephyrus in my collection. The butterflies are . mostly smaller than those from gooseberry. Since that time on one occasion I found a single larva of zephyrus on rose, at a dis- tance from any of the known food-plants of the species. But when collecting the larvee in 1892, found freely in one locality on gooseberry only, and in another place on Menzzesta glabella only, both localities within four miles of Laggan, none could be found on rose. Although the fact cannot be considered fully proved, my experience in 1892 seems to indicate that in this district zephyrus has a local habit in regard to its food-plants:—where the larva was found feeding on gooseberry I found none on other plants in that immediate locality; where it was feeding on JZen- ziesia glabella careful search failed to detect any on either goose- berry or rose in the same locality. Possibly the facts observed may simply mean that zephyrus has a scale of preference in food- plants; Menziesia glabella being the preferred plant, with goose- berry as a second choice. I have tried no further experiments, pao eS AT 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 221 but think it likely that Aragaria and Sfzrea might be accepted as food-plants by zephyrus in case of necessity. Azalea occidentalis was recorded by Henry Edwards as the food-plant of zephyrus in the Yosemite. ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. LEPIDOPTERA-HETEROCERA (Moths). By Prof. JoHn B. SmitH, New Brunswick, N. J. As they are arranged in our list to-day, the Noctuide begin with a series of what may be termed Bombyciform moths, having some of the appearance of the Notodontidz, both in the adult and larval stages. We find, in some cases, the retracted head, short tongue and woolly vestiture, which gradually merges into forms like Acronycta, which are typically Noctuid, of a whitish color usually, and, as a rule, with black markings which show a decided tendency to the Greek fsz character. These are followed by a series of rather small, slight-bodied moths—whitish, green, red, or brightly colored, with rather large wings, of which Bryo- phila is typical. The typical Noctuina follow, and contain a series of robust forms with. comparatively short, stiff wings, and usually sombre or quite modest colors. The larve are largely cut-worms, and as such to be reckoned among the foes to agri- culture. One of the most numerous series is that of the Agrotes, all of them distinguished by naked eyes and spinose tibie. Ina very large proportion of the species the front is modified into a tubercle, or is at least roughened. The thoracic clothing and the tuftings vary much, as does indeed not only the wing, but the body form, many being quite depressed and flattened, while others are quite cylindrical and with cylindro-conic abdomen. Quite a number of genera, and about fifteen per cent. of all our species, are represented in this series. This is followed by M/amestra and its allies, all of them with hairy eyes, smooth front, and non- spinose tibiz. In their appearance and habitus they are not un- like the Agvotes, and have the same prevailing dusky colors with, indeed, fewer exceptions. In the next following Hadenids we find again naked eyes, but unarmed tibiae, and here again the front is not modified. The habitus is much the same as before, and the body parts may be tufted or untufted; this and the wing- 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, form serving to separate genera. Oxcocnemis differs from the ° surrounding allies by the possession of a claw on the fore tibia. Through a series of more brightly colored forms we reach a series of species and genera which are of a prevailing rusty or red- brown tint, and of these Aydrecia may be considered typical. They are Hadenids in most of their structural characteristics; but color, wing form and vestiture, differ slightly, the latter much more inclined to hairy. With Nonagria we begin a series of forms in which the transverse maculation becomes less obvious and a distinct tendency to a strigate type is manifested. Lez- cania, with a predominating white color and hairy eyes, is the leading genus. The following Tzniocampid series is character- ized by hairy eyes and a usually reddish or brown color, the vestiture varying from scaly to hairy. The front is always smooth and the tibiz are never spinose, the anterior armed in one genus only. The relation of this series to the forms classed under or near Mamestra is sometimes close. Similar in color, but much brighter, with naked eyes and a usually smoother vestiture, are the Orthosiids, which often have somewhat large wings and more slender, untufted bodies and tend in some directions to flattened or depressed body, leading grad- ually to what may be called the Xyliniform series. Here the wings become narrower, more elongate, usually parallel, and the outer margin is scarcely oblique. The head is frequently retracted and the eyes quite usually furnished with long lashes, though they may be hairy or entirely naked. In Xy/inma we have the typical form, which changes gradually to the type seen in Cucul- lia, where the wings are lanceolate and the thoracic tufting is curiously developed. Axoms and Adetia seem to form the bridge to the Plusiid series, in which we have bright, often metallic colors, unarmed front and legs, naked eyes, a very characteristic tho- racic and abdominal tufting, and in the larva a distinct tendency to the looper or Geometrid type, the prolegs decreasing in number. Next follows a series of moths resembling the Plusiids in the metallic colors and in the thoracic tuftings. The wings are broader, however, with a tendency to become somewhat falcate at tip, the front is protuberant and pitted, and the fore tibiz are armed with a curved claw. From this type we have a gradual merging into the Heliothid type. Here we have bright, con- 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 225, trasting colors: white, sometimes silvery, often yellow, and some- times red. As a rule, the tibiz are spinose, and very often the anterior are shortened and heavily armed at tip, the genus Schinia being particularly distinguished in this direction. Axarta and its allies are related to some of the Heliothids, the Plusiids, and. to Annaphila, through which we lead into the Acontiids. The latter are mostly small species, usually brightly colored, with close scaly vestiture, and closely scaled, unarmed legs. The eyes are naked, and the front is rarely modified. Following this series we reach another of a very decidedly different type—the Catocaline of Mr. Grote. The colors are sombre in most in- stances, at least so far as the primaries are concerned, and the secondaries are frequently maculate. A peculiarity of a large proportion of these species is that the transverse posterior line on the primaries makes an abrupt inward bend below the reniform, leaving a prominent, square, often white or pale patch above it. In Syneda, and its near allies, the secondaries are yellow or yel- lowish, or red, leading into Cafoca/a, in which they are yellow, red, or black, and usually banded. In the latter genus the larve are semi-looped. In this series and the forms immediately fol- lowing, we have usually or rather close, scaly vestiture, particu- larly on the abdomen, which is usually smooth and cylindro-conic. The palpi are smooth, upright, and usually reach at least to the vertex, while the wings are large, leading to the Erebid series, in which both pairs of wings are similarly marked by transverse lines. At the end of the family we find the Deltoid series, so called from the fact that many of them, when at rest, have the form of the Greek letter de/fa. They are usually easy of recog- nition by the unusually long palpi, which are sometimes curved, sickle-shaped over the head, sometimes projected straight for- ward, snout-like, clothed with upright scales. In this series we find some of the most interesting secondary sexual characters that are known in the order. aD ON THE GENERA OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDA. By H. F. Basserr. It is to be regretted that the work of genus-making in this family had not been deferred until the dimorphism of most of the species had become known, and the rélationship of the two forms had in each case been ascertained. 224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, The work in this line done by Hartig and Forster will event- ually either give place to a new classification, or if preserved must fasten on the species a nomenclature extremely awkward and bewildering. Hartig’s work applied to any other family of insects would have been in every way correct and satisfactory, and the only objections urged against Forster’s classification have been that his genera are too often founded upon characters so obscure as to render their identification in very many cases difficult, if not im- possible, and that he founded on these obscure characters far more genera than were necessary for a family comparatively small even now, when the number of species has been very largely increased. They thought the old Linnaean genus needed division, for they had no intimation of the strange life-history of many of the spe- cies that belonged to it, and that when this should become known ~ nearly half their species, and not a few of their genera would disappear. The genera founded within the last twenty-five years have not only been labor lost, but have added to the literature of the sub- ject much that has no real scientific value. When Dr. Adler and others had traced the history of the Eu- ropean species known to them, they found that many species not only had two specific names but that in not a few instances a spe- cies had been placed in widely different genera. Now, two forms of an insect, differ they ever so widely, do not constitute two species, and they are, if possible, still further from a generic sepa- ration. In his several articles on the North American Cynipidz, Baron Osten-Sacken did not venture to establish new genera, though in one instance he grouped species that he thought might be found to have generic relations, but he still adhered to his plan of placing all the Hymenopterous oak gall makers in the genus Cynzps. This he did, it seems, mainly for two reasons: the distinctive character of most of our species which barred them out of genera founded on European species and the rapid accumulation of new material in this country. I can but think it would have been better if we had followed his example till such time as our knowledge of our species should be far more complete than it is even now. I know how strong the temptation is to emphasize the peculi- arities of a remarkable species by giving them generic value, but a a oS 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 225 inasmuch as these features are probably confined to one of the two forms of dimorphic species, it may happen that our new genus has no generic foundation whatever, for.it would be unwise, if not impossible, to found a genus upon the characters of both forms of a dimorphic species. If we must form genera in the present incomplete state of our knowledge of these insects (I cannot see why we must) let us decide without delay which of the two forms of a species shall be the basis of our genus. This should be, it seems to me, the bi- sexual brood, as being the normal form of the species. All natu- ralists will agree that the multiplication of synonymns is an evil, and all are glad to find species that the imperfect knowledge of dabblers has not loaded down with names. To preface the history of an insect with a half page of real or supposed synonyms may give the impression that the writer has complete knowledge of his subject, but it often shows that ‘‘some- body has blundered,’’ and it has sometimes happened that the compiler has made a jumble that another half page will hardly set right. While the field of scientific research is open to all, and no one has exclusive right to any part, it still remains true that too great care cannot be taken in the naming, classifying and identification of species, and @hat this cannot be safely undertaken without a knowledge of what others before us have done. The time has not come when a safe and permanent classification of the gall-making Cynipide can be made, and it will not come until some of our entomologists shall do for our species what the Continental entomologists have done for the European species— learn by observation and experiment their true life-history. The discovery, and the careful description of new species is valuable, but in the classification of these let us adopt the motto of our society—Festina lente. ral The Early Stages of Plusia bimaculata Steph. By Rev. T. W. FyLes, South Quebec. £ggs.—Laid dispersedly in the end of July; round, yellowish white; hatched August 3d. Young larva.—Half-looper; one-tenth of an inch long, yellow- ish white; subdorsal lines white; head and body sparsely set with 226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, long, light brown hairs rising from brown dots; head bluish white. Food-plant Zaraxacum. Larva moulted August 12th. After first moult.—Two-eighths of an inch long; pea-green, with white subdorsal and side lines. After second moult.—Length nine-twentieths of an inch; color | pale pea-green; subdorsal and side lines yellowish white; spira- cles of the same color; between the subdorsal lines the back is mottled with yellowish white. Moulted August 2oth. Moulted September Ist. After third moult.—Length three-fourths of an inch; no per- ceptible change in color and markings. Moulted September 15th. Full grown larva.—One inch and a quarter long; somewhat attenuated towards the head; color pale green; dorsal line darker green—this line is widened in the middle of every segment, lt ae ee ; thus << ; the side lines are white. The larva spun up Sep- tember 24th, gathering some of the leaves about it. : q Cocoon.—Silken, rather flimsy, yellowish white. Part of the brood went into hibernation after second moult. Los Angeles County, California, Rhopalocera taken from Feb. 16 to 28, 1893. By ERNEST J. Ostar. % 1. Danais archippus. 2. Agraulis vanille. 3. Melitea editha. ‘< palla. ‘* rubicunda. chalcedon. 4. Phyciodes mylitta. Vanessa antiopa. . Pyramets atalanta. © és cardut. carye. . Junonia cenia. se nen cc om Thecla trus. =e var. arsace. dumetorum. o se Cenonympha california. Io. If. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Chrysophanus helloides. Lycena antiacts. ‘var. behrit. acmon. Pieris vernalis. Anthocharis cethura. si reakirtit. Meganostoma eurydice. Colias ariadne. ‘* harfordit. Fapilio rutulus. ‘* — golicaon. Pamphila napa. Pyrgus tessellata. Nismiades icelus. t pacuvtus. “< , 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 227 Took the same things in March, with the addition of 1. Melitea gabbii. Diurnal Heterocera. 2, Argynnis semiramis. 4. Melicleptria pulchripennis. “ callippe. 5. Heliaca fasciata. 3. Pieris beckerit and sisymért. INsEcTts ATTACKING VANILLA BEANsS.—A little microscopic mite, be- longing to Tyroglyphide, is not unfrequently found upon vanilla beans. A few of these were examined as appearing on a lot of old beans not long since, and they did not very greatly differ from what Hassall classifies as Acarus sacchari, the sugar-mite. In the ‘‘ Druggists’ Bulletin’”’ of a few months ago a similar mite was spoken of in vanilla bean. The outside of these beans looked perfect, but ‘‘on opening the bundles they pre- sented a different appearance from the outside ones, and the odor was different.’”? They also appeared full of white specks and seemed crumbly. These minute insects resembled the itch insect. It is said that persons handling old beans are frequently attacked with a disease very much re- sembling the itch, and this parasite is the cause of it. They burrow under the skin and produce all the symptoms of itch. Carpenter says of the Tyroglyphide, the cheese-mite family, that they are by far the most destructive of all Acarina, swarming in countless. numbers and devouring hay, cheese, drugs, growing plants and roots, etc. SOME MORE BLACKBERRY AND RASPBERRY INSECTS.—In reply to Prof. Smith’s criticism in the June number of ENT. NEws, p. 197, 1 would say that a number of larve and one additional chrysalis of Grapta comma were found on the blackberry. Another species to be added to the list is Hlemileuca maia Dru., the larve being found in considerable numbers feeding on the foliage near Wooster, Ohio. Dr. D. S. Kellicott also has them from southern Ohio, feeding on the same plant. Dr. John Hamilton has also sent me the following notes on the Coleoptera included in my bulletin: ‘“‘ Bassareus mammifer, Mr. Beutenmiiller says, may be found on blackberry. This is quite true, provided the bushes be found under or near a walnut or hickory, which are its natural food-plants. Cryffo- cephalus notatus Fab., 4-maculatus Say, is the blackberry depredator. Chelymorpha argus: The natural food of this plant is the Convolvulacee, and as both the plant and’ beetle are abundant in alluvial grounds the imago wanders off to every plant in the vicinity, but while they may oc- casionally eat at some of these plants it is not likely to be more than acci- dental. They do not certainly eat corn plants, but seem very fond of the water which is often contained in the axil of the leaves.’’ White grubs. (Lachnosterna) are also injurious to the blackberry and raspberry. F. M. WEBSTER. 228 [September, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. gas~ All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. y PHILADELPHIA, PA., SEPTEMBER, 1893. PENNSYLVANIA has been the birthplace and home of a number of ento- mologists of eminence, and its chief city, Philadelphia, has the distinction of being the birthplace of the American Entomological Society, which has done so much to advance the study of Entomology in this country. The practical application of the study in the way of economic entomology seems to have been entirely neglected, and Pennsylvania has no State entomologist as far as we know, at least we have never seen anything in the way of work from such an individual, and if he exists we know it not. The State Agricultural College probably receives the annual grant of $15,000 per annum under the provisions of the Hatch bill, but none of it has probably ever gone toward the study and investigation of insect dep- redations. We are away behind our sister States in this respect, and in the home of Say, Melsheimer, Haldeman, Leidy, LeConte, etc. Eco- nomic entomology appears to be unknown. Why should Pennsylvania be behind the other States in this respect? It can’t be that the State has — no injurious insects, but that its legislators are in ignorance of the value | and importance of such studies. THE ornithologists of America and their friends have erected a monu- ment to Aububon in Central Park, New York, which we believe cost ten thousand dollars. It has been suggested by one of the members of the American Entomological Society that the entomologists of America should erect a monument to the memory of Thomas Say, who might well be called the father of American entomology. Entomology, as a study of value to mankind, is of more practical importance than ornithology, and the entomologists of this country should take as much pride in honor- ing one of their distinguished deceased brethren as the bird men. PICTURES FOR THE ALBUM OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL So- ciety have been received from Theo. D. A. Cockerell, J. Alston Moffat, C. W. Stromberg, S. H. Scudder, Frank S. Daggett. There are plenty of entomologists left whose pictures should adorn our album, and we hope they will go see their photographer soon. — 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 229 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. The Summer of 1893.—It is perhaps somewhat early to characterize the present season, and yet it has proved itself an extremely interesting one in many particulars. The intense cold of the Winter of 1892-93 led many to believe that there would be quite a wholesale destruction of insects, and in some cases this seems to have proved true. Yet, on the other hand, insects like the potato beetle were as numerous as ever, and the striped Diabrotica was not perceptibly affected. pilachne borealis, on the other hand, became a rare insect, and only an occasional specimen here and there, was visible. Systexa blanda assumed the dimensions of a pest in some parts of New Jersey, and attacked a very great variety of plants. In one case an entire crop of carrots was destroyed. Beets were considerably eaten; canteloupe and other cucurbs were quite generally infested, and even corn was attacked. Nothing suffered worse than the Pig Weed, though I heard no complaints of the injury caused on this par- ticular crop. The Elm leaf beetle wintered in excellent condition, and made its appearance in very great numbers. Trees suffered more than ever at New Brunswick, and in some cases there remained not a leaf on the trees on July 15th. In many places the ground was covered with the fallen leaves as in Autumn, and the trees had a desolate appearance. In fact, as a rule, insects hibernated well, and there is every reason why that should be so. The steady cold maintained the continued torpidity of the species hibernating in the adult stage, and preserved from the danger of being crushed by the heaving of wet ground those species that wintered as subterranean pupe. The Relation of Insect Attacks and Plant Diseases.—It has been observed, time and again, that weakly plants suffered most from insect attack, while vigorous healthy plants appeared free, or nearly so. Of course this may be in a very great measure due to the fact that, by means of its abundant vitality, the healthy plant is capable of sustaining an amount of injury which would be fatal to a weakling; but this is by no means universally true. I have frequently noticed on a considerable variety of plants that the smaller and less thrifty contained the greater number of specimens of the injurious species, and this, where the original stunting of the plan® was not due to the insect attack. I have also noticed that in many cases. plants attacked by fungous or bacterial diseases prove especially attractive to insets I found, in an onion field for instance, a small number of specimens with a bacterial disease beginning at the heart of the bulb. These bulbs were in almost every case covered by white mites, which seems to find these plants much more to their taste than neighboring healthy bulbs on which very few, if any, examples were to be found. These same plants, too, became, in a somewhat later stage, food for the 230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (September, larva of one of the Muscid flies. Wherever the bulb was exposed, masses of white eggs were to be found, and soon the maggots were at work aiding the disease. Usually the maggots were accused of being the authors of the injury, but erroneously so. I have frequently noticed in other connections that the slightest trace of a soft rot, whether caused by a fungus or bacteria, attracted insects who were then, frequently, charged with all the injury caused. On the other hand, insect injury very often served to give entrance to the germs of plant disease, and the latter finishes what the first began. In the tomato field a fruit bitten into by the larva of Heliothis armiger is almost certain to become victim to bacterial de- cay, and to infect every other fruit with which it is in contact. The lesson of this is, of course, to have plants that are healthy. This is much more often within the control of the farmer than is thought at first sight, especially in all crops that are set out. It is too much the practice to put out weaklings, with the idea that they will catch up with the others later on. They may, and often really do so, but more usually they fall victim to disease and insects, or give only a very inferior yield. Insects and parasitic diseases work hand in hand, and either will follow the other as the case may be. The true theory is to give neither a foot- hold if possible. Vitality in Insects.—Instances of great vitality in insects are not rare, but I was quite surprised at the resistance offered by a Muscid larva which I found in decaying onions. I wished to preserve a few specimens, and placed them in a dish containing ninety-five per cent. alcohol, expecting to find them dead in a few minutes. Half an hour thereafter they were yet very lively, and were squirming about at a great rate. I removed ssome of them to a mixture containing acetic acid 25 per cent., alcohol 25 per cent., water 50 per cent., and added an alcoholic solution of eosin to those left in the original liquid. About two hours thereafter the speci- mens were yet alive and those in the stained liquid has assumed a pretty red tint, that extended, apparently, to some of the internal structures. Punctured two specimens and they died almost immediately. Those in the acetic acid solution were not dead when I left the laboratory, but were ‘dead next morning. This experiment was rather interesting, and I placed a number of the maggots in a hellebore decoction—one ounce to one gallon of water. They lived in this half a day or more, and in a decoction of double that strength lived several hours. Afterward, I poured over a Tew infested onions fully half a pint of the one ounce to one gallon de- -coction, and twenty-four hours thereafter no ill effects were noted on the specimens. Placed several of the maggots in a solution of kainit—two ounces to one pint of water, and in this they lived thirty-six hours; took them out, placed them on a dry board and covered with a glass dish, under which they lived yet twenty-four hours, one of them changing to a pupa during that time. A solution of nitrate of soda, one ounce to one quart of water, killed all that were placed in it within thirty-six hours. These experiments become interesting from the fact that Mr. Fletcher ——— --- — 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 231 ‘has found the hellebore decoction a very satisfactory remedy for the cab- bage maggots, and I have found that both the kainit and nitrate of soda solutions were exceedingly fatal to many subterranean forms. Orange Insects form the subject of a large part of a special bulletin of the Louisiana State Experiment Station, and this part is prepared by Prof. H. A. Morgan. There is little that is new in this paper, which covers rather more than fifty pages, but the compilation is good, and the work of the insects in Louisiana is described. So, if there was little room for new observation on pests that have been so well studied by Hubbard, Comstock and others, yet the work is far from being a compilation merely, and will be most useful to the Citrus growers in Louisiana, for whom it is especially intended. It is to be much regretted that both paper and presswork of the pamphlet are exceedingly poor. The Insect Pests of the Tobacco are very incidentally treated in Bulletin No. 44, of the Alabama Station, by Mr. A. J. Bondurant, where they are reduced to the ‘‘ Cut worm” and the ‘‘ Horn worm.” Both are figured, and I very much regret that I am unable to reproduce the picture of the “Cut worm,” which is an artistic curiosity, or an entomological mon- strosity, or both. No better remedies than digging out the one, and picking off the other are recommended, though the poisoned bait traps for the ‘‘Cut worm” and the poisoned “‘Jimpson Weed’’ flowers for the Sphinx have proved very successful. The Insect Enemies of Small Grains are treated by Mr. Lawrence Bruner, in the annual report of the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture for 1893, and, as usual, Mr. Bruner has done his work well, even though it is com- pilation in very great part. The tedium of entomological literature is somewhat relieved by the attractive frontispiece illustrating a grasshopper orchestra singing the well-known ballad ‘‘ In this wheat by-and-bye.”’ The Classification of Insects and their Relation to Agriculture.—This is the title of Bulletin 28 from the Minnesota ‘Station, and its author is Dr. Lugger. The Bulletin is very popularly written, and is very largely a picture book. The definitions that are given of the various divisions are of the most general possible description, and are in themselves insufficient to give even an idea of the creatures to which they are known to be ap- plied. Supplemented by the pictures they become intelligible, and prob- ably some information will be gained by the farmers that can be persuaded, to read it through. Following the descriptive part of the Bulletin we hhave a chapter on applied or practical entomology, in which both natural and artificial methods of destroying insects are described. There is no- where a very definite statement of exactly what cases are adapted for natural or artificial methods, and altogether the Bulletin is very general and indefinite. It is not quite such a one as we have been in the habit of expecting from Dr. Lugger, and he certainly does not do himself justice. There are few points that are absolutely inaccurate, but one matter is of some importance not only to the farmers of Minnesota, but to those of 232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, other States. Speaking of London purple, Dr. Lugger says it has the advantage that it can be used with the Bordeaux mixture, and he says if Paris green is used for a similar purpose, we are very apt to increase its injury upon foliage. This is strictly incorrect: Paris green can be as safely used as London purple with the Bordeaux mixture, but it must not be used with any fungicides containing ammonia, because the ammonia dis- solves the arsenite of copper. London purple, on the other hand, can be | used with fungicides of this description, because the arsenite of lime is not attacked by the ammonia. This is a very important point, and one upon which I have always placed great stress. It is the ammonia that renders the use of Paris green inadvisable in any fungicides containing it. Wherever lime is present in the fungicides it will be apt to prevent any trace of injury to the leaves by any of the arsenites. The Horn Fly Again.—This insect forms the subject of Bulletin 14 of the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, and in it Mr. Fletcher gives a brief statement of the life-history of the insect, and also a record of its appearance and spread in Canada. Nothing new is added to our know- ledge of the insect, but the Bulletin is mentioned here principally to record the fact that in New Jersey the fly is becoming less and less abundant. In . several localities in the southern part of the State, where, a few years ago, the fly was in the greatest abundance, they are now very much less in number than the common stable fly, Stomoays calcitrans. Exactly what has led to this reduction in numbers I have no means of knowing, but the fact is undoubted. The Boll Worm.—This insect forms the subject of Bulletin 29 of Division of Entomology United States Department of Agriculture, and it is written by Mr. F. W. Mally. The Bulletin is an excellent one. It is too long to abstract with any degree of justice, and only its scope can be mentioned here. The method and extent of injury on various plants are recorded, the life-history of the species is given, the parasites are mentioned and briefly described; the insects preying upon it are referred to, and finally . the injuries to the plants caused by other insects and charged to the Boll worm are detailed. The subject of remedies forms the most important part of the Bulletin, and is, of course, the most interesting. Attacking the insects by light proved distinctly unfavorable, or, as Mr. Mally says, ‘‘that the use of lights for attracting and trapping the Boll worm moth is entirely useless.’’ The use of poisoned sweets seems to have been more successful. Applied to pea vines, which had been planted as a trap crop» a great many moths were poisoned, and probably a considerable benefit was derived by this method. Mr. Mally, however, does not seem to think very highly of this method either, and does not speak very enthusiastically of it. Quite a number of experiments were made with pyrethrum, either dried, a watery extract, or an emulsified oil extract. All of these were more or less successful on the young larvz and all were practically un- successful on the old or more matured larve. The final conclusion is that, trapping the larvze upon corn planted for that special purpose, would Sana 1893. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 233 prove the most satisfactory method of preventing injury that could be de- vised. The specially interesting series of experiments were those made with bacterial diseases. Quite a number of disease germs were cultivated, but the efforts made to inoculate the Boll worm were in all cases practical failures. This accords very well with what has been observed in other cases, and it lends weight to conclusions that have been arrived at, that - insect diseases depend too much upon conditions which are not under the control of man to be at any time considered as reliable, except in very _ peculiar instances. Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENToMoLocicaL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to.date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Owing to low subscription rate, “‘ extras’”’ will be charged for, and when they are wanted, it should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Epb. Dr. J. E. TALMAGE, of Salt Lake City, Utah, disposes of the assertion often made that no living thing can exist in the waters of the Great Salt Lake. He records the presence of Artemia fertilis Verrill; larve of Tipulidz, probably Chironomus oceanicus Packard; a species of Lorixa, probably C. deco/or Uhler; and lastly the larve and pupz of a fly Ephydra gracilis Packard. ““HITHERTO the two groups Macro- and Micro-lepidopiera into which butterflies and moths have been divided have been characterized by the former including all the large and conspicuous species, and the latter only containing small and inconspicuous moths. Dr. Chapman, in a commu- nication to the Entomological Society of London, has endeavored to raise the Micros in general favor by transferring to that group several of our finest moths. According to him the pupa of the Goat-moth (Cossus lig- niperda) possesses all the characteristics of a typical Micro-lepidopterous pupa, and for a similar reason the genera Sesia, Zyg@na, Procris and Hlepia/us should be placed among the Aficros.’’—Exchange. RECENTLY my attention was called to a cocoon which was found in a shell of the snail known as Helix albolabris, collected at Lake Hopat- cong, New Jersey. Thinking the cocoon to be that of one of the dipter- Yi 234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | September, ous parasites, I placed it in a small vial, intending to give it to some dip- terist at the first opportunity, but what was my surprise when examining the vial lately to find a specimen of the genus Pompilus, one of the fosso- rial wasps, which proved to be, on identification, P. Zuctuosus Cress. It is well known that species of the family Pompilidz make nests, generally of mud, storing them with spiders, but I have never heard of them utilizing snail-shells for that purpose, although some species of the bee genus Osmia have been known to build in such places. A fact that makes this note more interesting is, that Pompilus luctuosus has never before been recorded east of Colorado.—Ww. J. Fox, Phila., Pa. INSTANCES OF EXTENDED PUPAL TERM. Fieris sisymbri.—Several pupz were bred.at Laggan from eggs, in July, 1890; four of these pro- duced butterflies early in June, 1892, all males. Anthocharis hyantis —One male and two females emerged late in May, 1891, from chrysalids of 1889. ‘The above are the only cases in my own experience, of species remain- ing two Winters in pupa; the fact is on record, however, as to Antho- charis ausonides, A. sara, A. genutia, and some other Lepidoptera. The extension of pupal term through second Winter may be a com- moner incident than we are aware, and I am inclined to consider it an influential factor in causing the wide variance seen in different years in the commonness of certain butterflies. Anthocharis hyantis is peculiarly fluctuating in abundance in this locality. It is usually a rare insect, yet, in 1890, it was one of the commonest butterflies during its short time of flight, and it is a certainty that far more than half the Hyantis, which have taken flight here in the past seven years, were on the wing in two weeks of that Summer.—TuHomas E. BEAN. IN a paper in the ‘‘ Entomologist’’ for June, 1893, by Robert McLachlan, entitled ‘‘The Decadence of British Butterflies, with Suggestions for a Close-time’’ he mentions the fact that Ajoria cretegi has probably be- come nearly extinct in England, if not totally so. Two British butterflies have become extinct, and a third, Lycena arion “shows signs of being dangerously near extinction. Chrysophanus dispar was common in for- mer years in the few of the eastern counties where it fed on the great water-dock (Rumex hydrolapathum). \t disappeared entirely about the year 1850. The other extinct butterfly, Zyc@na acis, was widely spread over England, but was always extremely local, and seldom, if ever, found in numbers. Its extinction was going on for many years, and probably commenced about 1840. Mr. McLachlan further states that the British butterflies only number about sixty-three species, and that in times gone by the list must have been larger. ‘‘I have spoken about the extent to which the direct action of collectors may influence the extinction of a species, and have said that I do not regard it as serious, save in cases where other causes have already put the species far on the road to ex- tinction. But I may have underestimated this matter, and it has occurred 1893.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 235 to me latterly, on several occasions, whether a close-time or season could not be enforced for certain British butterflies, the species to be decided upon by a committee of experts, just as has been done for British birds. The idea may seem to some childish and ridiculous, full of paltry senti- ment, and so on. But why not protect the beautiful innoxious insects that display their admirable forms and colors, and gladden the hearts of all true lovers of Nature.’’ Around Philadelphia we have about thirty- seven more species of butterflies than there are in all Britain, so it is not thildish or ridiculous to preserve these beautiful creatures as Mr. McLach- lan suggested, especially where there are so few. CALIFORNIA NoTEes.—Two years ago, while working a mountain stream in a neighboring canyon, several specimens of Amphizoa insolens were taken. These attracted the attention of Dr. Horn, on a recent visit, and he expressed surprise that the species should be found so far south, sug- gesting that I send a note of the capture to the News. In this connection it seems appropriate to note the occurrence here of one or two other northern forms, which, so far as I know, have not been recorded from this part of the State. The following were taken last Summer in the San Bernardino Mountains: M/ysia hornii; one example of this species beaten from pine. Chrysophana placida; three examples also from pines. e- cydalis cavipennis; a specimen recently emerged, found resting on the trunk of a sugar pine. Pinus /ambertiana; the trunks of many dead and dying pines revealed numbers of the nearly cylindrical burrows of this fine longicorn, in some of which were the remains of a past genera- tion of beetles. Pterostichus ater: two examples of average size, not differing from northern specimens. All the above were found at an alti- tude of from 4000 to 6000 feet, and would seem to have followed the Sierras south, going higher as they advance, until in this latitude they are found only near the summits of the higher ranges. The occurrence of a species of Psephenus in this locality seems worthy of mention. Specimens submitted to Capt. Casey were identified by him as /econtet. On comparing with Massachusetts examples in my cabinet the local specimens show several somewhat constant differences, notably in the more feebly explanate elytral margin and the dark legs, but with the few specimens at hand it is impossible to pronounce upon the value of these differences. It is probable that they are merely geographical. A specimen of Rosalia funebris has been recently received from a friend who took it in San Diego County, probably introduced there, as suggested to me by Dr. Horn, in Oregon timber.—H. C. FALL, Pomona, Cal. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, Entomological Literature. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Xxxvii, 3, 4, Brussels, 1893.—Essay on the grouping of the Buprestidz, C. Kerremans. Some words on a new arrangement of.a part of the Diptera Orthorrhapha proposed by M. Osten-Sacken, L. Coucke. On the classification of the family Formicide, with synonymic remarks, A. Forel. The Chrysomelidze of Belgium, Baron P. de Moffarts. LEPIDOPTERA INDICA by F. Moore. Pt. xiii, xiv, forming pp. 1-32. 33-64, of vol. ii, pls. 95-100, ro1-107. London: L. Reeve & Co., 1893. THe GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. London, May 6, 1893.—Coccid, or scale insects which live on orchids, T. D. A. Cockerell, figs. (3 n. sp.) OpuscuLA ENTOMOLOGICA edidit C. G. Thomson. Fase. xv, Lund, 1891.—Contributions to the systematic knowledge and synonymy of the Phryganide. Contributions to the knowledge of the Ichneumones pneustici—xvi, 1892. Contributions to the knowledge of the Braconide; and of the genus Anoma/lon., NOUVELLES ARCHIVES DU MUSEUM D’HIsTOIRE NATURELLE (3), iii, 2. Paris, 1891.—Monograph of the genus Palophus [Phasmidz], C. Brong- niart, 2 pls. Monograph of the genus Zumegalodon [Locustide], id., | I pl. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History (6), xi, No. 65. London, May, 1893.—Notes on the genus Acronycta of authors and its position in the classification of Heterocerous Lepidoptera, A. G. Butler. Description of a new species of Tree Trap-door Spider from Trinidad, R. I. Pocock, 1 pl. THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. Melbourne, April, 1893.—Notes on ’ some Victorian Coccide, or scale insects, II,* C. French. On the color variations of some Australian Lepidoptera, J. Lidgett. PROCEEDINGS OF THE lowA ACADEMY OF SCIENCEs for 1892, vol. i, pt. iii) Des Moines, 1893.—List of Iowa clover insects and observations on some of them, H. A. Gossard. Notes on Aphididz, H. Osborn and F. A. Sirrine. Life-histories of Jasside, H. Osborn. Additions and cor- rections to Catalogue of Hemiptera, id. THe CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., May, 1893.—New species of fossorial Hymenoptera, W. J. Fox. Synopsis of the Asilid genera Mallophora and Nicocles, D. W. Coquillett. Descriptions of cer- tain new forms of Lepidoptera, B. Neumoegen and H. G. Dyar. North American Thysanura, A. D. Macgillivray. Nomophila noctuella Schiff, E. P. Felt, figs. Further on the Diptera considered as the highest insects, C. H. T. Townsend. June, 1893.—Notes on Chionobas subhyalina Curtis, * Contains new species other than North American. 1893. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Beis W. H. Edwards. Field notes from Texas and Louisiana, H. F. Wickham. A new Gastropacha, J.J. Rivers. The butterflies of Laggan, N. W. T.; account of certain species inhabiting the Rocky Mountains in latitude 51° 25’ (cont.), T. E. Bean. Additions -to the list of Canadian Lepidoptera, J. A. Moffat. The systematic position of Varina ornata Neum., A. S. Packard. Catocaline moths from Georgia, A. R. Grote. Descriptions of certain Lepidopterous larve, H. G. Dyar. Nebraska Myriapoda, F. C. Kenyan. Parnassius clodius and P. smintheus, H. Strecker. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xix, 9. Berlin, May, 1893.—Pre- liminary reply to Verhoeff’s criticism on my work, ‘‘ The biological sig- nificance of the genital appendages of insects,’’ K. Escherich. BULLETINO DELLA SOCIETA ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA, xxv, I. Flor- ence, May 10, 1893.—Third memoir on the preservation of the fugitive colors of the Libellulz, P. Stefanelli. On the respiratory phenomena of the chrysalid, L. Luciani and D. Lo Monaco. Revision of the European species of the mosquito family, E. Ficalbi. NATuRE. London, May 18, 1893.—The use of ants to Aphides and Coccids, G. J. Romanes, A. O. Walker.—May 25th. What becomes of the Aphis in the Winter?, T. A. Sharpe.—June 1st. Notes upon the habits _of some living scorpions, R. I. Pocock. ERGEBNISSE DER PLANKTON-EXPEDITION DER HUMBOLDT-STIFTUNG Il, G.a. Kiel and Leipsic: Lipsius & Fischer, 1893.—-The Halobatide,* _ Dr. F. Dahl, figs. The Halacarina, Dr. H. Lohmann,* figs., 13 pls. NATURGESCHICHTE DER INSECTEN DEUTSCHLANDS begonnen von Dr. W. F. Erichson.—Erste Abtheilung- Coleoptera. Fiinfter Band, 2 Liefe- rung, pp. 201-400, Dr. G. Seidlitz [Tenebrionidze]; Sechster Band, 6 Lieferung, pp. vii-xiv, 961-1161, J. Weise [Chrysomelide, additions, index]. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD. London, May 15, 1893.—Melano- chroism in British Lepidoptera, J. W. Tutt.—June rsth. Melanochroism in British Lepidoptera, A. R. Grote. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF JAmaica, I, 6. Kingston, April, 1893. —Notes on Insect Life [Lepidoptera], E. S. Panton. A list of West In- dian Coccidz, T. D. A. Cockerell, 1 pl. Additions to the fauna and flora of Jamaica, id. LEHRBUCH DER ZOOLOGIE von Dr. Julius Kennel. Stuttgart, Ferninand Enke, 1893—8vo., pp. xvi, 678; 310 figs. Tracheate Arthropods, pp. 405-450. BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT. Erlangen, May 15, 1893.—Recent works of F. Plateau, Dr. Tiebe. Recent information on Ants’ nests, Dr. Voigt. * Contains new species other than North American. 238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (September, PsyCHE. Cambridge, June, 1893.—An unusual appearance of Schisto- cerca americana, W. S. Blatchley. Hosts of North American Tachinide, etc., I, C. H. T. Townsend. Descriptions of new species and genera of West African Lepidoptera, VI, W. J. Holland. A new species of Steno- bothrus from Connecticut, with remarks on other New England species, A. P. Morse. Additions to the list of Bombyces at Poughkeepsie, H. G. Dyar. Early stages of two Jamaican Nymphalidz, T. D. A. Cockerell. Zor. San Francisco, April, 1893.—A new Trypetid from Chacaltianguis, Mex., with a note on Hexacheta amabilis Lw., C. H. T. Townsend. A new subspecies of Ceroplastes from Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, May 29, and June 12, 1893.—Mor- phology of the appendages and mouth-parts of Crustaceans and Insects, Dr. H. J. Hansen. BOLLETINO DEI MusEI DI ZOOLOGIA ED ANATOMIA COMPARATA DELLA R. UNIVERSITA DI TORINO, viii, 147, May 20, 1893.—Diagnoses of new genera and species of Diptera, Dr. E. Giglio Tos. ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, lix, I, 2. Berlin, April, 1893.—Con- tributions to the knowledge of the Pupipara (the larva of Melophagus ovinus), H. S. Pratt, 1 pl. PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEvuM, xvi, pp. 45-52 [No. 924]. Washington, D. C., 1893.—Notes on North American Hemiptera Heteroptera, A. L. Montandon. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE. London, June, 1893.— Notes on some British and foreign Coccide, J. W. Douglas, fig. The- decadence of British butterflies, with suggestions for a close-time, R. - McLachlan. < oe a ee ee 1893. | . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 341 by a dark brown shade, running from the costa at the end of the cell to the outer margin above the outer angle. The outer margin below the apex is marked by a broad lunulate brown spot; there are also some ob- scure, parallel, submarginal lines within this: brown mark near the apex. The secondaries on the upperside are dark rosy-brown, clouded with, darker brown on the margin, and with the edge very narrowly white. On the underside both wings are rosy-brown, with the basal area and the cell of the primaries blackish. Both wings are traversed by very narrow and obscure, transverse, median, limbal, and submarginal lines. _ Q2.—The female does not differ from the male, except in that the wings. are broader and the body heavier and shorter. Expanse: (', 60 mm.; 2, 70 mm. I have a series of seven specimens of this species taken at Benita. DEWITZIA Holl. 5 8. D. perpallida sp. nov., 3'.—This species is aliied to D. paupercula Holl., but is much smaller and much lighter in coloration. On the upper- side the entire insect is pale ashen-gray, clouded with pale rosy-brown upon the costa and near the base of the primaries. There is a faint trans- verse basal, sub-basal, median, and geminate submarginal series of lines, the submarginal series being accentuated by minute dots upon the ner- _ vules. On the secondaries there are transverse median and geminate submarginal lines, the latter accentuated as in the primaries by minute blackish dots. The fringes of the primaries, are pale gray; of the secon- daries whitish. On the underside both wings are pale gray; both have transverse median and geminate submarginal lines, the latter as on the upperside accentuated by minute black dots on the nervules. Expanse 55 mm. ffab,—Benita. ; LITHOSIID/E. TEGULATA Walk. g. T. (2) nigristriata sp. nov. ¢’.—Head, collar and upperside of thorax yellowish. The tegulz have a black line in the middle near the outer end, and there are two black spots on the upperside of the thorax between the bases of the tegulz and a linear black mark upon the middle of the thorax. The abdomen is yellow, annulated with black on the last two segments on the.upperside only. The underside of the thorax, abdomen, and the legs are uniformly yellow. The primaries are creamy, with all the interspaces between the nervules filled in with black, and a large oval spot on the middle of the cell and a small black spot beyond it in the ‘secondary cell. The secondaries are pale testaceous with the base and inner margin tinged with yellowish. The fringes of both wings are creamy. The undersides of the wings have markings as on the upper- sides, but much paler. Expanse 30 mm. Flab.—Kangwé, West Africa. 342 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December, This beautiful species is very closely allied to the genus 7egu- ata, but differs so strikingly in its markings from all other species of the genus, that I refer it, with some hesitancy, especially since the outer portion of the wings is somewhat narrower and more rapidly reduced in width than in any other species hiteee re- ferred to the genus. BOMBYCID. CTENOGYNA Feld. 10. C. (2?) ogovensis sp. nov. ¢.—Front, palpi and collar, pale fawn; upperside of thorax and abdomen pale reddish fawn, with a dark brown dorsal line upon the abdomen extending its whole length. The underside of the body, together with the legs, grayish white with one or two dark brown spots on the ventral line of the abdomen. Upperside: primaries reddish fawn, with a minute black discal dot at the end of the-cell. It is further ornamented by irregularly curved and very narrow transverse basal, median and sublimbal lines. A dark line runs from after the mid- dle of the inner margin to the apex, being strongly angulated just before reaching the apex. At its lower extremity upon the inner margin it is accentuated by two silvery dots placed on its basal margin. The apex above the angulation of this line is slightly paler than the rest of the wing. There is a submarginal series of minute brown dots on the interspaces; the fringes are dark brown. The secondaries are uniformly yellowish ochraceous, with the anal angle and outer margin before the same tipped with brown. Underside: both wings are yellowish white, with the costal and outer area of the primaries and almost the entire body of the secon- daries dusted with pale brown scales. The primaries are marked by a transverse limbal line, which is dark brown on the costa and accentuated by blackish linear dots upon the nervules where crossed by this line. The nervules beyond this line are covered by dark brown scales, and the sub- marginal series of brown dots which appears on the upperside reappears on the lowerside. The secondaries have a small black discal dot at the _ end of the cell, followed by a curved, but very indistinct, transverse me- dian line, which does not reach the inner margin. The transverse limbal line of the primaries is continued as a regularly curved line upon the sec- ondaries and the black dots on the nervules are very sharply defined. There is also a small brown spot at the outer angle. The fringes of the primaries are dark brown; of the secondaries paler brown. 2 .—The female corresponds in all respects very closely with the male, save that the transverse outer line on the upperside of the primaries is not angulated before the apex and the markings on the underside of the wing are more obscure, and the pectinations of the antennz are shorter. Expanse: ¢' and 2 40 mm. Flab.—Kangwé, West Africa. The female specimen on the plate was obtained from a cater- 1893. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. phat sti 343 pillar, the description of which Mr. Good failed to write prior to pupation. He says: ‘‘When ready for its change, it strung together by silken threads little lumps of earth in the jar in which it was feeding, so that it was covered all over with a web of little clods of the size of grains of corn. In these it turned into the chrysalis. It emerged from the chrysalis Nov. 15, 1888.”’ C. (2) vilis sp. nov. ¢’.—Allied to the preceding, from which it dif- fers, however, totally in color. The antenne, thorax and body, are uni- formly pale gray, with the underside of the body whitish. Upperside: primaries dirty yellowish gray, with the outer margin clouded obscurely with ferruginous. The transverse lines are much as in C. ogovensis, but less sharply defined. The secondaries are uniformly pale creamy-white. Underside; both primaries and secondaries creamy-white, with the outer extremities of the nervules shaded with pale brown. Expanse 40 mm. Hab.—Kangwé, West Africa. NOTODONTID~£. LEPASTA Moschl. 12. L. africana sp. nov. 3\.—Front, antennz and collar, dark brown; patagia creamy-white, tipped with dark brown; body and legs dark brown. Upperside: primaries, with the base and a narrow streak on the costa from the base to the middle of the costa, dark brown. This line is fol- lowed by a’broad, silvery-white line running from the inner margin before the base parallel to the costa, and terminating upon it before the apex. The entire wing beyond this silvery-white line is brown, interrupted by a marginal silvery line succeeded inwardly by a similar submarginal silvery line, which runs from before the apex to the first median nervule, and then sweeps inwardly and upwardly toward the cell, widening gradually and terminating abruptly near the origin of the first median nervule. Within the curved line there is another V-shaped silvery line reversed toward the outer curve, the lower limb narrow and following the line from the third median nervule, and the upper limb widening toward the outer margin and following the line from the first radial. The secondaries are uniformly fuscous in the type. Another specimen in my possession has the secondaries creamy-white; otherwise, it does not differ from the type. The underside of the wings is obscure fuscous, or whitish, with the mark- ings of the upper surface reappearing very faintly. Expanse 26-33 mm. f1ab.—Kangwé, West Africa. LASIOCAMPID. STIBOLEPIS Buti. 13. S. abluta sp. nov. <'.—Allied to S. mivea Butl. Wings silvery-white, ‘slightly clouded on the upper surface with pale gray along the costa and the outer margin. The costa is further marked by six incomplete, trans- verse, black bands, followed before the apex by a transverse series of 344 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December, four circular black spots running from the costa to the third median ner- vule. In ‘the inner margin above the outer, angle there are two sagittate black spots coalescing with each other. The extremities of the nervules are indicated by narrow black striz, between which there appear some very faint angular lines. The fringes are white, very narrowly checked with black at the middle of the interspaces. The secondaries are marked on the outer border. much like the primaries. On the underside the costa and apex of the primaries and the extremities of the nervules on both primaries and secondaries are black; otherwise, the wings are pure white. The front and the abdomenare ochraceous; the antennz have the culmen black, the sete rufous. The legs are pale ochraceous, with the tarsi black. Expanse 70 mm. ; ae . Hab.—Kangwé, West Africa. — ep I was first inclined to refer this species to S. sy/via Druce, but a careful study of the description given by Mr. Druce shows marked differences, and Mr. Druce himself assures me, after seeing the type, that it is totally distinct. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. . Hestia riukiuensis J, sp. nov. . Mynes dohertyi 3, sp. nov. . Mynes dohertyi 2, underside. © . Diodosida funebris 3, sp. nov. . Dewitzia perpaltida 3, sp.nov. . Antinephele achlora J, sp. Nv. . Antinephele marcida 3, sp. nov. : . Ccyton crenulata 3, sp. nov. 9, Ocyton'spiritus B, sp. nov. - “10. Tegulata? nigristriata 3, sp. nov. “yr, Lepasta africana 3, sp. nov. ~ * “ 12. Clenogyna ogovensis 9, sp. nov. : “< 13. Clenogyna vilis 3, sp. nov. © LAM 4. Stibolépis abluta 3, sp. nov. Biiat Opis CWI AAL wD H ERRATA.—Vol. IV, Nos. 8 and 9. | - Poth vb Page 280, after parinda insert , are analogous to the blue nebula (irrora- tion) next to the ocellus of secondaries of P. e/wesit. Page 285, line 15 from bottom, for distinctive read destructive. “986, after line 10 insert the following: As the insect probably de- posits the eggs before leaving the trees for the golden-rod. Page 289, line 11 from bottom, tor base read house. eam ae Larva of Citheronia splendens Druceé.—Through an error in determina- tion, the larve of this species have been described by us as Citheronia mexicana.on page 311. The name should be changed - as above.—H. G. Dyar and J. Doll. PS —- — <== Ent. News, Vol. IV. PIEXVe EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA Holland (Reduced about one-third). 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