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Composia olympia,
. / i
JANUARY, 1895,
EDITOR: HENRY SKINNER, M.D.
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor,
ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
Gro. H. Horn, M.D. CHARLEs A. BLAKE, Ezra T. CRESSON. CHARLES LIEBECK, Rev, Henry C. McCook, D.D.
ea, ee ae
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1895.
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News
VOLUME VI, 1895.
: ‘EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M.D.
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor.
‘
ADVISORY. COMMITTEE:
Gero. H. Horn, M.D. Ezra T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE, Rev. Hznry C. McCook, D.D. CHARLES LIEBECK.
1s % YW b y 3 PHILADELPHIA: ts [! ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF A
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE.
1895.
INDEX TO VOLUME VI.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Aberration, Variety, Race and Form, . - 7) 34, 77, 107 Association of Economic Ento- mologists, Meeting of, . . 255 Biography, See Obituary. | Brooklyn Entomological So- ciety, Meeting of, . . . . 165 Do lnsects Play, . ... . 48 Economic Entomology, 46, 83, 118,
153, 188, 255, 292, 323.
Editorials, 17, 45, 82, 116, 151, 187,
224, 254, 291, 322.
Entomological Literature, . 21, 49, 89, £25, 159, I9I, 228, 265, 208, 326.
Entomological Section, A. N.S. Phila., Meetings of, 27, 94, 131, 166, 197, 235, 302, 331.
Entomological Section, Chi- cego Academy of Sciences, 235
Entomology, Ignorance of the Knowledge of, in 1853. . 67
Eye, Compound, . . 97
Feldman Collecting Soria: Meetings of, 26, 58, 93, 130, 165, 195, 271, 301, 330.
Illinois Entomology, . . . . 118 Insecticides, Vapors and Gases
ie Png oe eS 5 189 MRE EMO ft we ye. 88 Insect Lime, . . Ame AG Insects as Pallenioers, a ate Gas Lake Worth, Florida, Collect-
ing at, . . re a Mt. Washington, Anaisons os the List of Insects taken in the Alpine Region of, . . 4, 316 Mt. Washington, The Season CMa. same = 6, 3 8g
Names,—Scientific vs. PONT a eS ee Notes and News, 157, 190, 225, 261, 296. Obituary:
Com-
ae BP -
. 18, 47, 87, 123,
Arribalzaga, F. L., dae Bradford, G. D., 64 Duda, L., - 340 Fallow, J. F., . 340° Gerstaecker, A., i, 292 Honrath, E. G., 32 Marx, G., ; 64 Morris, J. G., Me i Neumoegen, B., . 64, 65 Provancher, L’ Abbe, . 209 Riley, C. V., Sg aD Say, 15 . I, 33, 80, 102 Seeber, C. E., aN of Shimer, H.., . 240, 305 Staley.O- J.) 25 HOS bo 2 Stromberg, C. W., . 172 Steaming, Sawdust for, . . 182 Tortugas, Note on the Insects of the e210 ARACHNIDA, Attus concolor, n. sp., . 206 Chelifer . AD ay Chernetid attached % F iy are i Lycosa missouriensis, n. sp., . 206 Marx Collection, . 264 Missouri Spiders, . 204 Mite larva, Parasitic, . . 180 Mycaria agilis n. sp., oc 20d. New N. A. species, 204, 206 COLEOPTERA.
After Coleoptera, . 185 ‘ Aphodius rugifrons, . 108 Bembidium lucidum, . . 178 Bostrichus typographius, 44
ii - INDEX. Bostrichus pies . 326 HEMIPTERA. Bryaxis, . . 184 | Aleyrodes, Bryaxis siesta oks n.sp., . 183 | Alypioides, Note on, . a Cicindela formosa and venusta, 176 | Alypioides dugesti n. var. . Cicindela limbata, . 284 | Bcrgrothia, Collecting Coleoptera, . 311 | Chinch-bug, . Colorado Coleoptera, Bio- Chionaspis minor,
graphical Notes on some, 27 | Cicada hieroglyphica, Contontis sanfordiin. sp., —. 235 | Coccidological Items, Cryptocephalus auratus, 178 | Cotton Scale, a Dinoderus brevis, . 326 | Clenochiton perforatus, . Drasterius simiolus, . 326 | Dactylopius iceryoides, Eliodes armata impotens, n. Dactylopius aurilanatus,
sp., : 3 ; . 236 | Dactylopius nipe, Eleodes ton fave n. Sp; Bos . 237 | Diaspisamygdale, . Elm Leaf Beetle, . 292 | Diaspis /anatus, FHlelops stenotrichotdes n. sp., 238 | Gossyparia ulmi, Hydrocharus obtusatus and St- Harmostes, :
pha surinamensis, Larva of, 168 | Margarodes ivilobituin n. cane i Illinois C., ta - 309 | Margarodes vitas, New California C., . 235 | New N. A. species, . 2 New N. A. species, ae a 236, | San José Scale,
237, 238. Thelia, New species of, Orange Mts., C. of, . 226°| Thelia godingi n. sp., Orepus striatus, . 185 | Vine-destroying Insect, A new,’ Potato Stalk Borer, . 120 HYMENOPTERA. Pselaphide, - 183 | Acanthochalcis nigricans, Rhexidius asperulus, . 185 Agricultural Ant, .. Sagola, : + 7851 ant Stings, Scolytus oapaeaiss 255, 294 Anis “Arizona: Trichobaris trinotata, - 120 | jy nts? Nest S, : AYERS LESTALERS, ©». - 184 | ‘ants’ Nests, Fungous Gardens _ Vesperoctenus Flohri, . 114
DIPTERA,
. Colorado Diptera, gH:
Notes on, Dichocera n. gen.,
Dichocera lirata n. sp., .
Heteropterina Macq., Oocur-
rence in N. A.,
Heteropterina wasoni n. Sp., New N. A. Genera and Spe-
cies, . Tachinid, A new,. . Volucella, A new, .
Volucella kincaidii n. sp., .
- 31, 132,
. 132
in,
Anthidium emarginatum,
Apanteles, New,
Apanteles ephestia n. ee ane
Atta malefaciens, . Bees and Lizard, —
Bees and Wasps, Habits of
Bombus, Parasites of,
Brachycistis idiotes n. sp.,
Bracon hebetor,
Clistopyga, New species of Cliistopyga alborhombarta n,
SP-5
Clistopyga sonalas nD. sp. ip
ee
——————eee OT ee ae
ee Pan pe Rae TS
INDEX. , . iil
Formicide of Lawrence, Mass., 220
| Habrobracon gelechia, . . ~- 324
_ Lydaochreata,... . . ~ . 200 - Monophadnus rubi, . . . . 200 Nematus salicum,. © .*. . 18 New Hymenoptera, . . . 60
New N. A. species, 60, 61, 6%: 198, 201, 202.
SAMve ANT CES soos IO
Saw-fly Larve,. . . Te ML IOO
Spherophthaima Hiitta w. var. 63 Spherophthaima myrmicoides
1 Spo. 61 Sphavophthalma prabiacts
SR 2 Ree eee. OO Spherularia bi SPA eee bie 2 Fa Trichiosoma triangulum, . . 199
LEPIDOPTERA.
Amblyscirtes ceian. sp., . . 113 Ainthocharis genutlia, . . . 145 Cacecia magnoliana, . . . 175 Calliomma denticulata n. sp., 141 Carneades acornisn.sp., . . 335 Carneades recticinctan. sp., . 334 Carneades servitusn. sp., . . 336 Carneades vulpina n. sp., . . 335 “ecropia Moth, .. .... ..... 136 Chicago, Collecting around, . 314 Chionobas californica, . . . 321 Chrysophanus helloides,. . . 297 Cocoon Mimicry, 147, 311 Coddling Moth, ... ... 8 Colorado, Moths of, . . . . 73 Composia, . . EEF enS 7 Coriscium cuculipenellum, . . Tog Epheitia kurhuirela,. . . . 324 Eudamus rauterbergi n. var.,. 113 Eudryas Ste pecs Pata tESD Pair Moth. 8 ee os: 324 Food- Plants So gre EAPO pa b> 8 Geometrina, N. A., 11, 40, 70, 103 TLE EAS FE, TPL GEL Sepsy Moth, 29. .-. Sn 26
Hammock, A Curious, . . . 109 flarrisimemna, Larva of, . . 340 Liypatus bachmani, . . . . 190
Imagines, Tardiness of, . . 48 Larve, Collecting, .... . . 227 Larve, Parasitized, . . . . 18 Leucarctia rickseckeri, . . . 186 Lepidoptera, California,. . . 144 Lyceenids, New African, . . 166 Maine, Grapfafrom,. . .- . 261 Mamestra gussaian.sp., . ~ 337 Mamestra ingravis Nn. sp., . + 337 Mamestra larissan.sp., . ~. 338 Melit@a neumoegeni n. sp., . ¥13 Mimacrea neurata n. sp., . ~ 166 Mimicry, .-. Repnetareh Ss &,¢< ga 9 Et Moths, Column of ie erga oO Moths; High Mountain,. . . 73
Neumoegen. Collection, Types, 216 287. New N. A. species, 29, 112, 113, I41>
332-339. © Noctua atricintan.sp., . - . 333 Noctua patefactan. sp.,. - + 333 Noctua substrigatan. sp., . . 332 Oregon, Butterflies, . . . . 251 Orneodes, Larva, . . . . . 100 Papilio ajax, . . 2+. 296 Papilio pelaus, Female of . 303 LUDUIO LUIYRS oy DER, COLO Phegoptera, Anew,. . . . 29 Phegoptera masonin.sp., . 29 Phiegethontius cingulata, . . 95 Popular Entomology, . . 145 Pyralide. and Pierophoride:
Relationship,. ...-. . . 38 Pyrameis cardui, . . . . . 150 Rhode Island, L. of, . ... . 47 Rhopalocera, Notes on,. . . 112 Saturniidze, Cocoons, . . . 274 Sphingide, American, . . . I4I Tennessee Rhopalocera, 245, 281 Teriomima galenides n. sp., . 167 Thecla saritan.sp.,. . ep Ye Tortricid, Magnolia-blossom, - 175 Virginia, Notes from, . . . 243
NEUROPTERA.
Aeschna pentacantha, . . . 124 Enallagma geminata n. sp., . 239
iv INDEX.
Meleoma signoretti, . . . . 225 Odonata... . . ee Odonata, Larval stage of, . . I8r ORTHOPTERA. Katydid’s orchestra, . . . . 323 THYSANURA.
Cecilius mobilis, . . . . . 18 Hlemerobius humuli,. . . . 18 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. VI. Albright; M., ©... 2.338 eee Anonymous, . . .. . . 145 Ashton, ‘T..B:5 soo eee Gy Baker, C. F., Saye POE LFS
Banks, N., 19, II5, 124, 204, 225 Rarber,“He Gis tee). tae EOL Bischoff, Te. An, ois: ees eee Bland, J... Bos rae es Blaisdell By Ee. s i S cae eee Brendel Bis 4 Os OFIS3 mace, 1D, ge GE aes Raven Portis oA ee a
Cockerell, T. D. A., 18, 60, 123, 157, 180, 200, 262, 325.
Coquillett, D. W., 131, 207 Cunningham, B. L., . 251, 321 DURE seat ae CES eS G POBvidsOn, Pepe ss iis 252 Tats Ge til ke BOS OS Dearden, W., -.. .. sw.» 296 Dyar, H. G., . 38, 95, 100, 199, 340 Ehrmann, G.A., . . . . . 303 ‘Susi Pie 9 Sag Oa 108, 176 Parnham, GD a i eS 0 Penner: Wig oe. wets Ponlks,:O. Diy <6. a8 PEACOCK FT Licey 6 ia FSS se BOS A Re Ben Giese See eas ay
Holland; W, Jayne 2 166
Horn, G. H., Hornig, H., . Hulst, G. D.,
Johnson, W. G.,
Keith, E. D.,
Kellicott, D. S.,
King, G. B., Knab, F., Knaus, W., Kunze, R. E., Laurent, P.,
Lembert, J. B., Longley; W. E.,
Lugger, O.,
Meeske; H., . Monell, J. T., Ormonde, F., Osburn, W., .
Ottolengui, R.,
287. Schaus, W., Skinner, H.,
Slingerland, M. V., Slosson, Mrs. A. T.,
276, 316. Smith, H. H.,
Smith, J. B., 46, 83, 116, 53. 292,
114, 179, 326
% Set II, 40, 70, 103 a ead. 48
- 239
. 220
Me
3 en oy Se 18, 48, 147 - 274
137, 182
. 314
. 138
. Bae
17
> 212
245, 281 ~ 7) 34, 77, 107, 216,
29, 87, 141 132, 261, 297 109, 175,
4, 133, 263,
48
332, and economic department.
Smyth, E. A., Stiles, C. W.,
Valentine, H. E., Van Duzee, E. P., Webster, F. M.,
Weith, P. J.,
Westcott, O. S.,
White, H. G.,
Wickhan, H. F., Williston, S. W., Wolcott, A. B.,
. 56, 168, 210
- 243 . 248 16
. 203.
x er as, TOI, 124
. 158 . 136 21
. . 309
—_--
PLE
Ent. News, Vol. VI.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. VI. JANUARY, 1895. No. CONTENTS: Webster—Thomas Say ................ ¥ |: Notes and. News. i: .s.c,se0 tice nes tame Slosson—Additional list ofinsects taken Entomological Literature ............. in alpine region of Mt. Washington 4 | Doings of Societies.................2.. Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race Entomological Section. .........22-.00. BeNOR ade rebaac tes cca cehcee ce 7 | Baker—Biological notes on some Colo- Hulst—North American Geometrina in FAGS COleopter acs’: « Sein c's issacsov ce European collections.............. 1r | Schaus—A new Phegoptera from Mex. 29 Knab—Ant nests ..........:seceeeerecs 15 | Williston—A new Tachinid with re- RRONIM orien oot 0. 6'on oh ciedus wares 17 markable antenne..............+ -
THOMAS SAY.—I By Prof. F. M. Wesster, Wooster, Ohio.
During late Autumn of the year 1888, the writer had the pleas- ure of spending a few days in New Harmony, Ind., a guest of the late Col. and Mrs. Richard Owen, both of whom were resi- dents of that somewhat famous little city during the nine years that “‘ The Father of American Entomology’’ made it his home, and with whom they were both personally acquainted. Though at that time upwards of ninety years old, Col. Owen and his good wife pointed out many, to me, historic places, made sacred by their associations with Thomas Say, and feeling that not only such places would sooner or later disappear, but those who were able to give their history from personal recollections would within a few years cross the Dark River, I engaged to have a series of photographic views taken under the supervision of my host and hostess. The three views that are to follow in forthcoming num- bers of the News, were thus obtained, and will be explained as they are consecutively used. The portrait included in this number is from a photograph of a steel engraving in the posses- sion of Mr. Frategot, of New Harmony, to whose father it was
z
2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
presented by Say, who considered it a very faithful picture of himself. Dr. Skinner informs me that there is another of these engravings in the library of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and beyond this I know nothing of the history of the original, nor could I learn anything of it at New Harmony.
In this portion of my sketch, the aim will be to follow Say only to his removal from Philadelphia to Indiana, in 1825, the re- mainder will accompany the engravings which illustrate his life in his Western home.
_ As the author has not been able to himself secure any impor-
tant data from the people of New Harmony relative to the life of Say prior to his coming West, he is for this information obliged to draw very largely upon the memoir read by Say’s friend, Mr. George Ord, before the American Philosophical Society, Dec. 19, 1834, and published in the LeConte edition of Say, pp. vii- xxi, vol. i.
Thomas Say was born in Philadelphia, July 27, 1787, of Quaker parentage, at least on his father’s side, the latter being a physician and apothecary. Thomas was educated under Quaker patronage, which probably compared favorably with the educational ideas of the times, but the embryo entomologist appears to have had a too warm love for nature to take kindly to such unnatural methods of acquiring knowledge, and as a result his distaste for letters frequently appeared in his publications during after life. With the thrift and industry so frequently a marked characteristic among the Friends, it is not surprising that his father should seek to place his son in a respectable avocation, and, hence, after he left school, Say was first taken into partnership in business by his father, and later established, with others, a separate firm, to continue in the same useful calling. Here, again he gave token of his future, and at this early day appears to have thoroughly abhorred a life of buying and selling as he did in later years. He appears to have inherited the mild, lovable disposition of the sect from whence he sprung, but not their thrifty financial ability. He was, during his whole career, generous to a fault, but his honesty and integrity has never been questioned. In the minds of those of his acquaintances who yet survive him, he lives as a man who loved his neighbor‘even better than himself and who never had an enemy. With such a character it is not in the least surprising that he did not succeed in business, but became
72s.
eS =
ee Ce ea eae i
1895.) ~ _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3
pecuniarily responsible for the engagements of others, a course ending in failure and bankruptcy. His financial reverses, how- ever, do not seem to have weighed heavily upon his mind, but, on the contrary, as the grieved child turns to its mother’s arms for solace and soothing words, so Thomas Say, in his financial . troubles, appears to have sought consolation in his studies of nature, quietly living what Bryant wrote in the opening stanza of Thanatopsis, and, disregarding his losses, found that healing sympathy, that stole away their sharpness ere he was aware.
Mr. Say became a member of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in April, 1812, soon after it had been reorgan- ized, and when the crisis in his financial affairs leff Hin’ stranded, took up his abode in the building in which the Academy held its meetings, and turning his back on the financial world as it were, began his entomological labors in earnest. It was here that he was brought in close contact with his afterwards friend and bene- factor, William Maclure, Esq., but of their relations later we shall have more to say further on in our series of sketches. It was in the Journal of the Academy of Sciences, began in 1817, that Say first appears as an author, which seemed to strengthen the bonds binding him more closely to his chosen field of scien- tific investigation. In 1818, with Messrs. Maclure and Titian R. Peale, he visited the sea islands-and adjacent coast of Georgia and eastern Florida, from which latter region they were driven by the hostility of the Spanish, who yet had control of the terri- tory. It was doubtless this journey that paved the way for his connection with the two scientific expeditions fitted out by the United States Government, and placed under the command of Major Long, with Thomas Say as chief zoologist. The years intervening between 1818 and 1825, when he left Philadelphia, were certainly busy ones for Say, who, aside from his connection with these expeditions which necessarily required considerable time in accompanying them to the then unexplored regions of the West, he was for a time Professor of Natural History in the University of Pennsylvania, and of Zoology to the Philadelphia Museum. Two of the three volumes of his ‘‘ American Ento- mology’’ were published, and besides this all of the ornitholog- ical papers appearing in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, to which the name of Charles Bonaparte is attached, were edited by him at the request of the author. More than this,
4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ~{ January,
he prepared for the press the first volume of Bonaparte’s ‘* Nat- ural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States,’’ though it was afterwards revised by another. So fully was he occupied with his own labors, and so freely did he devote his time to assist others, that he prolonged his studies far into the night, even during Summer until the breaking of day, thus sapping his life for the benefit of science and his fellow-man. Even before he left his native city he was much broken down in health, though giving freely both of his time and means, when he had any, and willing to do even more. Such was Thomas Say at the age of thirty-eight, when he was induced by Messrs. Maclure and Owen to accompany them to their confraternity of New Harmony. Of his life and labors in Indiana during the remaining nine years of his life I shall speak farther in a second paper.
oO
ADDITIONAL LIST OF INSECTS TAKEN IN ALPINE REGION OF MT. WASHINGTON.
By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON.
A year ago I published (Ent. News, vol. v, p. 1) a catalogue of the insects I had up to that time taken on the summit of Mt. Washington. That list comprised 300 species. I have this season taken in same region, at or above 5500 feet altitude, more than 200 species not included in former list. I herewith append the names of these, and I take this opportunity to acknowledge gratefully the invaluable assistance of Messrs. Coquillett, Liebeck, Fox; Davis, Banks, Van Duzee and others, who have identified for me insects in the different orders.
HYMENOPTERA. Lyda semidea Cr. Tenthredinide. - Uroceride. Hylotoma pectoralis Leach. Urocerus abdominalis Harr.
Harpiphorus maculatus WVorz.
Monophadnus tilize Wort. Ichneumonide. Macrophya slossonia MacG. mss. Ichneumon brevicinctor Say. rs tibiator Vorz. ‘‘. funestus C” Taxonus borealis M/acG. mss. * letus Brulle.
Tenthredo grandis Nor7z. os milvus Cy. . ruficolor Nort. - pravus Cy.
promptus C. sp.?
yf tricolor Nort. S variata Nort.
—_—
a
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5
Cryptus atricollaris var. ** —montivagus Prov.
ee Sp..? ; oe Sp. 2 a EP
Limneria flaviricta C. + hostilis Cr. ? Banchus sp. ? Euceros n. sp. Lampronota rubrica var. ? ™.
é sp.? Meniscus elegans C. i superbus Prov.
Braconide.
Ascogaster rufipes Prov. Macrodus sp. ? Opius n. sp.
Chalcididz. Chalcis flavipes Faé.
Myrmicide. Leptothorax canadensis Prov.
Pompilide. Pompilus apicatus Prov.
Andrenidz.
Prosopis varifrons var. ? Andrena sp. ?
Apide. Nomada bisignata Say. Bombus terricola Kirby.
HEMIPTERA.
Heteroptera. Ischnorliynchus didymus Ze/¢. Rhinocapsus van duzei UA/. Plagiognathus obscurus UA/. Pagasa nitida S/a/.
Diplodus luridus Stal.
Hanoptera.
slossonz Davis mss.
Helicoptera septentrionalis Prov. Idiocerus lachrymalis Fitch.
% suturalis Fitch.
te pallidus Fitch? Thamnotettix kennicotti Ud. Aphid gen. ? sp. ?
COLEOPTERA.
Cicindelide. Cicindela 6-guttata Fad.
Carabide.
Bembidium quadrimaculatum Linz Platynus quadripunctatus DeG. Harpalus viridizeneus Beauv. Tachycellus nigrinus De7.
Gyrinide. Dineutes sp. ? Staphylinide. Tachyporus chrysomelinus Linz.
Peederus littorarius Grav. Mycetoporus lepidus Horn.
Coccinellide.
Hippodamia parenthesis Say. Hyperaspis lugubris Rand. Scymnus tenebrosus J/z/s.
Cryptophagide. Atomaria ephippiata Zimm. ? Histeride.
Hister interruptus Beauv.
Nitidulide.
. Epurza ovata Horn.
Ips sanguinolentus O/iv.
Elateridz.
Adelocera aurorata Zec. Elater fusculus Zec. *« pullus Germ.
Buprestide.
Delphacinus vittipennis VanD. mss__ Dicerca divaricata Say.
6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Cerambycide. Criocephalus asperatus Lec. Bellamira scalaris Say.
Xylotrechus quadrimaculatus Hald
Acanthocinus obliquus Zec.
Chrysomelide. Diachus auratus Fad. Typophorus 4-notatus Say. aS thoracicus Melsh. Prasocuris varipes Lec. Disonycha pennsylvanica JZ/.
ae
Crepidodera helxines Zinn.
Melandryide.
. Emmesa connectens Mewm.
Pythide.
Salpingus virescens Lec.
Meloide. Epicauta cinerea Forst. var. ?
Curculionide. Pissodes affinis Raud. Anthonomus scutellatus Gy//. Hylobius pales Hédsz. Cryptorhynchus bisignatus Say.
Scolytide. Xyloterus bivittatus Azrby. Polygraphus nigripennis. Dryoccetes autographus.
DIPTERA.
Bolitophila fusca* JZeig. Simulium pisicidium /7/ey. Bibio femoratus Wied. Gnophomyia tristissima O. .S. Bittacomorpha clavipes Fad. Arthroceras leptis O. .S. Stratiomyia picipes Zw. Pangonia tranquilla O. |S. Chrysops indus O. 5S. Laphria canis Widist.
xanthomelzena Dalm.
Hybos triplex Wad&. Empis ravida Cog. mss. Dolichopus longimanus Zw. Psilopus sipho Say. Lonchoptera lutea Panz. Didea laxa O. .S. Volucella evicta Walk. Mallota posticata Fad. Temnostoma venustum Wid/sé. Platypeza obscura Zw. — Jurinia algens Wied. Echinomyia florum Wadk. Nemorea n. sp. Exorista platysamie Town.
oS 3 a Masicera n. sp.
‘ luctuosa v. d. W. Frontina n. sp. Eulasiona comstocki 7owz. Ennyomma clistoides Towz. Chzetona tenebrosa Cog. mss. Cynomyia groenlandica Ze/#t.
= flavipalpis Macq. Calliphora vomitoria Zinn. * Hzmatobia serrata Desv. Musca domestica Lizz. Aricia marmorata* Ze?éZ.
‘« -vagans* Fadl.
nigrifrons Walk, sp.? sp.? sp.? Spilogaster carbonella* ZeéZ. Hydrotza occulta* Meig. Hylemyia lipsia Wadk. Phorbia floccosa Maeg.
‘* fusciceps ZeZz. perrima Walk. Homalomyia caniculatus Linn. Caricea albicornis* Meig.
‘* substituta Wadk.
«lata Walk.
nivea Linn. eS solita Walk. sii intacta Walk.
“ec
* ‘‘ Not before recognized from America,’’ D. W. Coquillett.
erythrocephala Meig.
(January,
.
- 8 s - ~
1895. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7
Cordylura slossoni1 Cog. mss. _ Crambus vulgivagellus Ze//. Scatophaga merdaria* Fad. Ptycholoma persicana Fitch. Blepharoptera discolor Zw. Gelechia sp. ? Sciomyza albocostata Fadl. Pterophorid gen. ? sp.? Tetanocera arcuata Lw. 43 rotundicornis Zw. ARACHNIDE. ; 8 valida Zw. Aranez. > plebja Zw. Steatoda marmorata Henéz. Loxocera pleuritica Lw. Bathyphantes alpina Em. Psila bicolor Mezg. Crustulina sticta Camo. Trypeta fausta O. 5. Linyphia mandibulata Em. Palloptera arcuata* Fad/. Ceratinella emertoni Camd. Sapromyza compedita Zw. Tmeticus montanus 2m. = philadelphica Macq. Dismodicus alpinus Bés. mss. Chlorops grata Zw. Epeira nordmanni 2m. Borborus equinus Fad. “ silvatica Em. Trineura aterrima Fad. Lycosa pictilis Zym. Phora femorata* Meig. Pirata insularis Em. ‘““nigriceps Lw. “ minuta Em. “ giraudii* Egger. Pardosa albomaculata Em. «pallida 2m. LEPIDOPTERA. ‘* minima Keys. Heterocera. Dendryphantes sp. (‘probably
Attus cruciatus 2m. [new’’ Bés.) Albuna montana Hy. Edw.
Platagrotis imperita Gz. Acarina. Semiophora elimata Gu. Trombidium sp. ? (immature). Carneades dissona Moesch. Actineda agilis Bés. Semiothisa granitata Gz. Bdella cardinalis Bks. Epirrita sp. ? Gamasus sp. ?
ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RoprRIGUES OTTOLENGUI.
Some months ago I received a pair of insects which, while closely resembling a well-known species of Bombycid, yet were markedly different in coloring. I showed them to a prominent specialist in this group and he expressed the opinion that they had been artificially produced. Another gentleman thought they represented a good variety; a third thought them aberrations, and finally another prominent entomologist advised me to name and describe them as a new species.
* “ Not before recognized from America,” D, W. Coquillett.
8 _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
I have also had similar experience with other specimens which I have thought worthy of at least a varietal name, but in every instance I have been advised*not to describe my specimens, or name them. Meanwhile I have read of new varieties, and even aberrations described by some of my advisors, and I found it very hard to comprehend the differing positions taken in these instances.
In undertaking to write upon the subject, I have adopted a method which has produced good results in another field, my own profession, dentistry. I sent out a query as to the meaning of the terms Variety, Form and Aberration, and the circum- stances under which they should receive special names. I will read the replies. Rev. George D. Hulst says:
A variation is the differing of an individual or a few individuals (in a degree not very strongly marked), from the normal or typical form.
An aberration is a variation where the differing is very decided, and intergrades are wanting, otherwise known as ‘‘sports.”’
A variety is a comparatively broad term as it is ordinarily used
—covering race, form, subspecies, and indeed all distinctions below species.
Under this a form is one or more of the variations an insect may take in view of seasonal influences, for example Grapta fabricii is a form of G. interrogationis ; or a sexual difference as Papilio turnus from P. glaucus. e
A race is one or more of the variations an insect takes in the same brood, or in all broods in view of climatic conditions, as for example, 77iptogon occidentalis | consider a race of 7. modesta.
There remain the variations which occur in the same insect under the same conditions and the name variety more especially belongs, as for example Papilio walshit is a variety of P. ajax.
A species is a distinct variation, permanent, supposed to breed true to itself,—without known intergrades with other species.
A subspecies is very nearly like what I call race above, and is where intergrades are known, but are infrequent. Perhaps most would call 77iptogon occidentalis a sub-species of 7: modesta.
A sub-variety would be nearly equal to the word form, as ex- plained above. Of course it must always be recognized no line can be sharply drawn; there is no break in Nature. The breaks
ee me
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9
which we make are artificial and for convenience only, and none hold in all ¢ases. My list would be: -
Genus.—Species distinguished by a type difference in structure. Sub-genus.—Differing in structure, but less. Species.—Breeding true to self, and not intergrading. Sub-species.—Breeding true to self, and rarely intergrading. Race.—Breeding true, except in intermediate localities. Variety.—Forms distinct, but intergrading, more or less in any locality. Sub-variety.—Forms distinct, or not distinct, but the name ap- plying to a variety comparatively infrequent or not marked. Form.—A seasonal or sexual variation somewhat permanent. Variation. —An individual variation, infrequent and not generally distinct, and not permanent. Aberration.—An individual, sport, or variation, very distinct, -_ without intergrades.
Prof. John B. Smith replies: Under the term variety I under- stand a departure from what may be considered the usual form of an insect, which, while it does not breed true to itself yet at the same time occurs frequently enough to bear a reasonable pro- portion to the ordinary form, occurring, independently of season or of locality. It is to be understood, also, that there is no reg- ular succession of intermediate forms between this variety and the usual form. Where a range of intermediate forms exists I would not consider the extreme entitled to a name, but I would simply rank them as variations; for instance, we have in Carne- ades infelix a form in which we have the full Moctuzd markings present, the colors well marked and contrasting, and this species varies to a form which is entirely black without any trace of markings whatever. Every intermediate stage between the im- maculate and fully marked form is represented, and I do not, therefore, give a name to anything except a species.
- Under the term form I understand what may be called a sea- sonal variety, as where Summer and Autumn, or Spring and Summer broods offer a different appearance in size, color, pat- tern, etc. This is what is also called a seasonal or a dimorphic form, and these may be named provided it is specified that a seasonal or dimorphic name is intended.
~ An aberration is a sport, and indicates a monstrosity in some
Te) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
directions; either in markings, in color, in suffusion, or in the direction of an Albino. This occurs only at rare intervals with- out any rule either as to season, locality or other permanent cause, and may be due to accident or the result of unusual cir- cumstance occurring at any time during the early life of an insect. An aberration may, under circumstances, become a variety in the course of time if circumstances induce a similar kind of aberra- tion sufficiently often. I have never yet named an aberration, and I do not think I ever will.
I have another term about which you do not ask, and that I include under the name Race. Under this term I understand what is practically a geographical variety; that is to say, a form of an insect which breeds true to itself, occurring constantly in one locality and differing in some particulars which are not spe- cific from the same species as it occurs in another locality. We have a good example of Races, as I understand them, in the genus Satyrus. An aberration I do not name at all, but simply call attention to the fact that such a one exists. A form, where it is sufficiently marked, is always entitled to a name, if a man chooses to apply one. Personally, I cannot remember that I have ever named a form. Varieties are always entitled to a name, although I apply varietal names very sparingly. It is only where a marked difference exists, such as would be apt to prevent rec- ognition of its relation to the entire species, that I think a varietal name worth giving, in order to call the attention of the student to the fact that a range of variation exists which will put him on his guard against assuming a departure from the type to mean a new species. As I already indicated any departure from the type which is connected with the type by an unbroken series of inter- grades is not a variety in my opinion, and I refer you again to the example above cited of the Curneades. Your third question it is almost impossible to answer. A specimen being sent me by itself, differing from anything heretofore known to me, would be placed nearest to the species which it most resembled in struc- tural and other characters. If I were to determine it, I would give it that name with a query as to its being a variation or va- riety, and I would allow the matter to rest that way until further material came to hand. An aberration may be impossible of recognition until an examination of a very large number of speci- mens indicated its relationship, or unless some distinctive struc-
ati ti ae ialitral = ad ike! in eal Ts lial
1895. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II
tural character should refer it to a known species with certainty. Now I wish to call attention to just one thing: in all the discus- sions on this matter so far as the Lepidoptera are concerned, everything seems to have gone on the question of color and markings; factors which within a limited range are quite constant and wortliy of high rank, but which above all other matters are subject to variation and to aberrations. I always examine an insect for structural characters before I determine its rank in any work that Ido. I have never yet found, anywhere, two species that are entirely alike in structural characters, and where I find an absolute agreement between two species in all the structural characters I incline to consider them as belonging to the same species, whatever the difference may be in marking or color, until I prove to my own satisfaction that the range of variation in marking departs from what is usual or possible in the genus. I am very much more conservative in the matter of naming va- rieties than many of our Lepidopterists of the present day, and I may be wrong and they right. I cannot see the use of bur- dening our lists with a lot of really unmeaning names, like, for - instance, all those names applied by Prof. French to the species of Leptarctia, and | may cite others that are as poorly based. I think, however, you have my views on the subject at sufficient length. :
(To be continued.)
C). Vv
NOTES ON TYPES GF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—II.
By Geo. D. Hutst. (Continued from page 306, vol. v, ENT. News)
A specimen in the Museum has a label in Dr. Packard’s hand- writing, Zephrina modestaria Pack. It is the same as 7: argil- facearia Pack. I do not know that it was ever described.
Mr. J. Alston Moffat, Curator of the Entomological Society of Ontario, who has examined for me the material of the D’ Urban collection, writes me that Mumeria inceptaria Wik. 1667, is this same species, and in that case Walker’s name has priority. lam much indebted to Mr. Moffat for his determinations, and take this occasion to express my thanks to him.
Thamnonoma tripunctaria Pack. is put by Mr. Warren as a
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
synonym of Zephrina lorquinaria Gn. ii, 101. The remarks under 7. monicaria Gn. above apply here, as Guenée’s type is probably lost. I think Mr. Warren’s reference is correct.
The type of Zhamonoma curvata Grt. is in the Museum, and is put as a synonym of Phastane excurvata Pack., which is a syn- onym of Anaitis orillata Wik. 1740, which is a synonym of As- pilates strigularia Wik. 1675, and Anaitis continuata W\k. 1445, the latter being the oldest name; curvata does not have the basal and middle lines coalescent posteriorly, though they are nearly so, and I have specimens where they do become one. Grote’s name can stand for this varietal form.
Psamatodes eremiata Gn., of which the type is in the Museum, has as synonyms— Tephrina retectata W\k. 959, Tephrina gra- data Wik. 968, Tephrina retentata W\k. 968, and Macaria sub- cinctaria Wl\k. 1655.
Ellopia plagifasciata Wik. 1508, is Numeria occiduaria W\k. 1016. This is not, in my opinion, the same as Vumeria pulver- aria Hbn.
The type of Fidonia truncataria Wik. 1034, is much darker than the form usually met with in our collections. It is, however, an arctic form, and among the Geometrina, under arctic condi-_ tions, there is a tendency to melanism, as well as to hairiness, and a squamose condition of vestiture.
Tephrina notataria Wik. 407, Fidonia discospilata W\k. 1034, and Larentia fidoniata W\k., 1183, are the same species, and are also one with Fidonia bicolorata Minot.
Azelina aretaria W\k. 258, is the same as Caripeta subochreata Grt. Caripeta latiorata Wik. 1525, and Caripeta angustiorata WIk. 1524, are variations of one species. Mr. Warren does not think C. aretaria to specifically distinct, but I am not yet ready to unite it with the others. The amount of material is yet very small for comparison. *
Caripeta divisata Wik. £525, has as a synonym Cidaria albo= punctata Morr. The type of the latter is in the Museum,
In the Museum collection Mr. Warren has ranged Drepanodes olyzonaria Wik. 69, D. bicesaria Wik. 73, D. emearia Wk. 73, D. puber Grt. D. varus G. & R., D. equosus G. & R., D. ses- quilinea G. & R. and D. juniperata Pack., as one species. The type of D. puder is in the collection. D. olyzonaria is like D. equosus, D. bicesaria and D. emearia are nearly as D. puber
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13
Grt. I agree with Mr. Warren’s reference. D. infensata Gn. i, 68, and D. ephyrata Gn. i, 69, I found are the same species, so the oldest name yet known is D. imfensata Gn.
The synonymy of Procherodes transversata Dru. I found to be the same as stated by Dr. Packard, namely, zmcurvata Gn., goniata Gn., transmutens W\k., contingens W\k., transposita Wik. Zransmutens and incurvata are dark forms, contingens is yellowish, ¢vansfindens is striated and dark spotted.
Oxydia vesulia Cram. has distichata Gn. i, 59, and feosinata Gn. i, 59, assynonyms. Mr. Warren joins several other names to vesulia, but having seen the types of Guenée I do not believe them to be conspecific, as Mr. Warren puts them.
Tetracis aspilata Gn. i, 141, and 7. allediusaria Wik. 253, are the same species with 7: crocallata Gn. i, 141. T. aspilata has the cross-line of the hind wings obsolete. ©
Mr. Warren has established the genus Cfenofetracis for paral- lelia Pack. and trianguli iferata Pack.
Eutrapela egrotata Gn. i, 141, is not a synonym of Sadan s dositheata, as Dr. Butler seemed to think, and on whose authority I united them; @grvotata is our Californian species, and Ennomos arsesaria Wik. is asynonym; @gvotata is, however, of Sabulodes caberata Gn. i, 45.
Apicia ? deductaria Wik. 237, Lozogramma atropunctata Pack. and Drepanodes fernaldi Grt. are the same. The type of D. Jernaldi is in the Museum.
Tetracis pandaria Wik. 173, is a synonym of Cadberodes major- aria Gn.
I agree with Dr. Packard that the following are synonyms of Caberodes confusaria Hbn. : metrocamparia Gn. i, 137, remts- saria Gn. i, 137, tmbraria Gn. i, 137, superaria Gn. i, 138, in- effusaria Gn. i, 138, floridaria Gn. i, 139, and phasianaria Gn. i, 140. I add as other synonyms: Cadberodes interlinearia Gn.., C. eldanaria Wik. 170, and C. varadaria Wik. 251.
Apicia cayennaria Gn. i, 82, is not the insect known in our catalogues as Caberodes cayennaria. It is Caberodes distycharia Gn. i, 83. A. cayennaria Gn. has not, in my knowledge, ever been taken in the United States.
Napuca orciferata Wik. 1693, is considerably darker than any specimens I had seen before. It follows the arctic tendency to melanism, but is conspecific with Phasiane aberrata Hy. Edw.
14. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
and Asfpilates gilvaria, var. labrodorata Moesch.; of P. aberrata - I have seen the type, and of daérodorata I have a typical specimen sent me by Mr. Moeschler.
Azelina honestaria Wik. 258, and A. stygiaria Wlk. sup. 1548, are conspecific with Azelina hubnerata Gn.; stygiaria is var. atrocolorata Hulst. I may as well mention that Gonodontis pe- plaria Hbn., Zutr. 709, 710, is the same insect. The synonymy will thus be expressed:
Azelina peplaria Hbn. stygiaria W\k. atrocolorata Hulst
var. hubnerata Gn. honestaria W\k.
Caberodes antidiscaria Wik. 1513, is the same as C. lentaria Hulst.
Metanema determinata Wik. sup. 1551, is the same as J. carnaria Pack.
Metanema eliaria Wik. 260, is a synonym of AZ qguercivo- varia A. & S.
Ellopia fiscellaria Gn. i, 133, E. flagitaria Gn. i, 133, are one species, fiscellaria having the priority. I think Ellopia ? panis- aria Wilk. 163, is synonymous, and Mr. Moffat informs me &. equaliaria Wik. 164, is also a synonym.
Ellopia pultaria Gn. i, 131, £. scitata Wik. 1 510, and £. in- vexata Wik. 1512, are synonyms of £. fervidaria Hbn.
Ellopia athasaria Wik. 163, E. siccaria Wik. sup. 1547, and E. seminudata Wik. 1508, are the same species.
Mr. Warren places dzbularia G. & R. and pellucidaria G. & R. as synonyms of £. seminudata Wik. 1508. I have not seen the Grote and Robinson types, but taking the figures given Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. viii, 1867, pl. 15a, figs. 8, 9 and 10, E. bibularia G. & R. is the same as &. seminudata Wlk., but Z. pellucidaria G. & R. is, as I think, a distinct species. As stated above £. athasaria W1k. is an earlier name than £. seminudata for the species.
Ellopia subprivata Wik. 1509, is a synonym of Plagodis seri- naria H.-Sch.
Sicya macularia Harr. has as synonyms: Sicya sublimaria Gn. i, 105, S. ¢runcataria Gn. i, 104, S. solfataria Gn. i, 104, Epione calipusaria Wik. 120, and Epione argyllaria Wik. 121.
." I 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5
Aspilates olenusaria Wik. 1675, is a variety of A. coloraria
Fab. Apicia liberaria Wik. 239, has Macaria integrara. Wik. 889,
‘and A. Jintneraria Pack. as synonyms.
Tephrina unicalcararia Gn. ii, 100, another of the Lorquin in- sects, is, as a specimen is named in the British Museum, the same as behrensaria Hulst. I am as well satisfied with this determina- tion as any, and so it may stand. The insect, however, appears in two quite distinct forms—one rusty ochreous, the other cervi- nous; the latter may be called var. dehrensaria Hulst.
Numaria duaria Gn. ii, 135, has as synonyms: WV. hamaria
Gn. ii, 136, Ellopia amyrisaria Wik. 164, Caberodes agreasaria WIk. 252, Endropia adustaria Wik. sup. 1545. _ I agree with Dr. Packard as to the synonyms of Endropia Ayperchraria H.-Sch., viz.: E. refractaria Gn. i, 125, &. laterz- tHiaria Gn. i, 125, and £. mestusata Wik. 154. To these I add Azelina fedaria Wik., sup. 1548, and Macaria? indeclinata Wik. 888. ’
(To be continued. )
oO
ANT NESTS. . By FREDERICK KNAB.
I have noticed the picture and article, ‘‘ A Home among the Tree Tops’’ with interest, and the following observations made about nine years ago on the Amazon may perhaps not be familiar to every one.
Nests, in appearance and size, as described in the above article are very common on the Lower Amazon, only those I examined appeared to be made of mud, and were inhabited by a species of large black ant. Sometimes they are high up in the crotch of a tree; sometimes quite near the ground. Few probably know that the common paroquets rear their young within these ant nests—a most interesting case of intimate relations between widely different animals. The bird drills a hole into the side of the ant- hive, like a woodpecker’s in a tree. Inside quite a cavity is scooped out, in which the eggs are laid and hatched out without annoyance from the ants, which continue in possession of their
home. It can readily be seen that the ants, who rush forth at
16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
the least disturbance, would bea protection to the helpless young paroquets, but why do the ants suffer these intruders? Once I obtained a set of paroquet’s eggs from one of these nests. An Indian climbed up a neighboring tree, and, reaching over with his tercado, broke open the nest—the hole being much too small to introduce the hand—immediately the tree and the ground below was black with ants. The eggs were taken out and caught successfully in my insect net, but not until many of the little demons had buried their jaws in our flesh. On other occasions I saw the young birds, crowded snugly to- gether in their strange home, with beaks wide open for food when they heard one approach.. The Zervmites, on the contrary, live in large, irregular, conical mounds, hard as rock, and often ten feet and more high. In the day-time there is no sign of life, but if one enters the forest at night the sight is a beautiful and start- ling one—the darkness is intense. Here and there in the black- ness may be seen clusters of glittering phosphorescent light; these are the Zermite hills. No doubt the light proceeds from the insects as the particles of the light mass move and change. The light is greenish and soft, and the effect is indescribable. In
marked contrast is the glowing red light of the A/aters as they
dash rapidly through the foliage.
BLAPS SULCATA, a common species in Egypt, is made into a preparation which the Egyptian women eat with the view of acquiring what they es- teem a proper degree of plumpness! The beetle they broil and mash up in clarified butter; then add honey, oil of sesame, and a variety of aromatics and spices pounded together. Fabricius reports that the Turk- ish women also eat this insect, cooked with butter, to make them fat. He also tells us that they use it in Egypt and the Levant, as a remedy for pains and maladies in the ears, and against the bite of scorpions. Carsten Niebuhr also mentions this curious practice of the women of Turkey, and adds, the women of Arabia likewise make use of these insects for the same purpose, taking three of them, every morning and evening, fried in butter.—Cowan’s Curious Facts.
ON my way to church, Sunday evening, September 9th, I noticed as I approached an electric light which hung over the middle of the street a column of moths projected outward and downward from the lamp for a distance of three feet or more. It was brilliantly illuminated, those farthest away being somewhat in the shadow of those nearer the lamp, Though many were fluttering about outside of the main column, the edges were plainly marked, and it attracted some attention.—H. E. VALENTINE. ~~
Rae iy,
1895. ] 17
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
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PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1895.
: THE SIXTH VOLUME.
Wiru the present number the News begins its sixth volume. It is not very old, but its newness is wearing off, and it feels that it has a career, and that it has come to stay. Our efforts have been crowned with suc-
-cess, and there is every reason why the News should still grow and
prosper. In the beginning we had our doubts about its life, as it would not have been the first entomological journal to die. We feel that our subscribers and friends have aided us greatly, and it has- been this that has encouraged us to do our best for them. We frequently receive kind -words in relation to the News, and these words are very gratifying. The journal is to be continued and enlarged if necessary, and we hope to -receive efficient support so that this may be done. Why not have a forty page illustrated monthly devoted to entomology? It can be done with your help, and it would be a grand thing. Think of it, four hundred pages a year! Aid us in getting the necessary subscribers and we will do the rest. Tell your entomological friends what we would like to do and we may do it. We wish you all a happy New Year, and feel sure that your interest in natural history will be of benefit to you in many ways; it means relaxation from the cares of life and recreation.
Our local physician showed me yesterday a lizard about six inches long apparently dried and coated over with wax entirely. He said that it was found in a Bee Tree near here. The bees had coated it over and then ‘built their cells against it and onit. Possibly the lizard intruded on the new colony in the log and they stung it to death and then coated it over ‘to prevent decomposition.—J. T. MonELL.
| Nadiad
18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
Notes and News.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE.
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source, The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.
PARASITIZED LARV&.—Of Nadata gibbosa, which generally yield a fair average of normal pupa, I had negative results this year, 1894. Nineteen larve collected late in July produced only one pupa. They reminded me of those promising much and returning little. With Hyparpax aurora had better success. Twenty-nine larve of first brood yielded ten pupz, but only one imago emerged in August—the others in all probability going to hibernate. Another collector related to me a similar experience wit H. aurora.—Dr. R. E. Kunze.
NOTE ON NEMATUS SALICUM (CkIl.)—A short note appears necessary to clear up the synonymy of this insect. As is explained in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, pp. 345-346, I described the larva as Messa salicum, and Mr. Ashmead later described the imago as Wessa salicis. Those who main- tain the genus J/essa will probably prefer to call the species J/. salicis Ashm., but Dalla Torre, in his Cat. Hymenop. vol. i (1894), p. 257, sink- ing Messa under Nematus, alters the name of our species to Wematus salicicola, because there is a Nematus salicis Linné. In view of the pre- viously published named sa/icum, this was unnecessary, and the proper synonymy is apparently Nematus salicum Ckll. (= salicis Ashm., not L., = salicicola D. T.)—T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Mr. Wo. H. ASHMEAD, in “‘ Insect Life,’’ vol. vii, No. 1, p. 27, identifies a Hemerobius from Mississippi as H. humuli Walk.; then, accepting Hagen’s doubt as to its identity with the European species of that name, he calls the American specimens AH. gossypii Ash. But McLachlan, who completely reviewed Walker’s Hemerobidz from the types, says of H. humuli (Brit. Neurop. Plan., p. 181), “ North American specimens do not differ from the described European form.” So, if Mr. Ashmead’s species agrees with Walker’s form, 17. gossyfii is another addition to the already long list of synonyms of the common Hemerobius humuli. Cacilius mobilis Hagen, which was described from a damaged specimen from Cuba, is also recorded by Mr. Ashmead from Mississippi. I doubt if any-
1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 19
body without a complete collection of Cuban Psocidz could definitely identify this species from the imperfect description; and to record it from Mississippi I should say was pure guess-work.—NATHAN BANKs.
TRANSLATION FROM PLINY, IN ANTIQUE ENGLISH. The silk-worm.— “They build their nests of earth or clay, close sticking to some stone or rock, in manner of salt; and withall so hard, that scarcely a man may
- enter them with the point of a spear. In which they make also wax, but
in more plenty than bees; and after that bring forth a greater worme than all the rest before rehearsed. These flies engender also after another sort namely, of a greater worme or grub, putting forth two hornes after that kind; and these be certain canker wormes. Then these grow afterwards to be Bombilii, and so forward to Necydali; of which in six months after come the silk-wormes Bombyces. It is commonly said, that in the Isle of Cos there will be certain silk-wormes engendered of flowers, which by means of river showers are beaten downe and fall from the cyprus tree, terebinth, oke and ash; and they soon after doe quicken and take life by the vapor arising out of the earth. And men say, that in the beginning they are like unto little butterflies, naked, but after awhile, being impa- tient of the cold, are overgrowne with hairs: and against the winter, arme themselves with good thick clothes; for being rough-footed, as they are, they gather all the cotton downe of the leaves which they can come by, for to make their fleece. After this they fal to beat, to felt and thicken it close with their feet, then to card it with their nailes; which done they draw it out at length, and hang it between branches of trees, and so kembe it in the end to make it thin and subtill. When al is brought to this passe, they enwrap and enfold themselves in a round bal and clew of the thread, and so nestle within it. They are then taken up by men, put in earthen pots, kept there warme, and nourished with bran, untill
such time as they have wings according to their kind; and being thus well
clad and appointed, they be let go to do other businesse.”’
THE SAvuva AntT.—Dr. Elliot Coues sends us the following extract from a letter which he recently receivéd from Dr. Alfred Alexander, of Minas- Geraes, Brazil, which is well worth publishing:
At Capocabano on the sea-shore just outside of the city of Rio, we had a stable made of planks roughly put together. The Sauva, which were very numerous in the neighborhood, were accustomed to climb up the outside of this structure and to pass between the planks into the manger, whence they came out laden with grains of Indian corn. One day I watched them descending with their loads, and I observed that at a certain entering angle a solitary ant was stationed who had undertaken the duty of helping each separate comer to pass the difficult corner with his load.
The Sauva are very destructive to the coffee trees and strip them of their leaves. This is an acquired habit, for in the wilder parts of the State of Minas (the Sertae) they touch neither coffee tgees nor Indian corn, probably preferring other plants. It is remarkable, however, that
20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
in the coffee plantations of the cultivated districts they spare the trees that grow in or near their nests. In this they are like foxes that abstain from molesting neighboring hen-roosts.
A friend of mine, Commendador Pereira, of Rio, tells me that he once witnessed the formation of a living bridge of Sauva ants. The insects arrived at the edge of some running water with their load of leaves, which they deposited on the ground. They then formed a chain, ant holding on to ant, and while the individual at the lower end seized tightly a blade of grass, or some other object at the water’s edge, the rest allowed them- selves to be floated out by the stream. They were not at first long enough to reach the opposite side and were thus swept round again to the same bank lower down. Other ants now joined to lengthen the pontoon, and the same manceuvre was repeated some two or three times until the outer ant was enabled to obtain a hold on the opposite bank. The bridge con- structed, the workers passed over with their loads and then the pontoon- makers cast loose from the first bank and were carried by the current to the second, where, in their turn, they took up their loads and followed their companions. The ants that formed the bridge assumed oblique po- sitions and swam against the stream. I made a careful note of Pereira’s statement, but I have met with no other observer of the same fact. Asa general rule, the Sauva does not like water, and trees are sometimes pre- served from their attacks by surrounding them with a ditch. Nevertheless, Sr. Pereira is a trustworthy man.
HAvING been connected with the Gipsy Moth Commission for the past season of 1894, perhaps some of the readers of the News, would like to know the routine of this gigantic work. Prof. Howard, the United States Entomologist, paid a visit in the Summer to Malden, the headquarters of the Agricultural Department Massachusetts Gipsy Moth Commission, and spent a day or so, looking over the work with some of the officials, and I see in ‘‘ Insect Life,’’ vol. vii, No. 2, he speaks of this work as “‘ one of the most remarkable pieces of work in economic entomology.” A terri- tory covering a space of about one hundred square miles is infested with the Gipsy (Ocneria dispar). Three hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars have already been appropriated, and nearly all spent. The confi- dence of the Massachusetts people seems to be doubtful, but any one knowing the fearful ravages that have been created by such a voracious caterpillar as the Gipsy, and seeing the work carried on as I have, cannot help but be most favorably impressed with the admirable manner in which the attack has been made upon this insect, and the grand results accom- plished. Sorry, indeed, will the people of the State be should they stop it, and it will be almo$t criminal upon the part of those having the legis- lative power, should they discontinue it, for the money already spent will be deliberately thrown away, and the Gipsy caterpillar will, in a few years, be beyond the control of the nation. It would soon be out of the State, and into all the, surrounding States, creating a havoc from which the peo- ple would not soon get over, for just as soon as the State drops this work
ot Se ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21
then provisions of all and every kind will be so high that the people will come upon the legislators for such a foolish thing as stopping a work which is in such a condition that it is under control, and if not extermi- nated, can be brought down to a condition where it can be handled by a small force of men.
The infested territory is divided into three divisions or sections, each
division has a superintendent, and he in turn has a force of men under
him to cope with the work in his particular territory. He divides his men into gangs, with an inspector or foreman at its head. Over and above the whole is a manager or field director with an assistant, and in the busy caterpillar season they employ other men to oversee and report any neg- ligence of work by the inspector or men. There are some very funny and amusing features connected with it, and some of those contemptable anonymous letter writers. For my part, I have never known any one to write an anonymous letter to be other than a liar anda sneak. In the Winter and early Spring the men destroy the clusters of eggs with creasote and fire, when the larve appears they spray with poisoned solutions, Also place bands of burlap around and about the trees, and the men ex-
“amine these every day and kill by hand the caterpillars which will con-
gregate under them. This is done by means of very course bagging
- cutting into strips and wound about the trunk of the tree like a bandage,
about four or five feet from the ground, so you can readily see what a gigantic undertaking it is, but for all that, it has been and is being done most thoroughly. So how foolish for one day to stop this work because some people who do not know what insects are other than BUGS, and object to the public purse being drawn upon, and yet they, as a rule,
_are the very ones who do not contribute one cent towards its support,
and some of them draw very heavily upon it (the public purse) as so- called legislators.—H. G. Wuite, Malden, Mass.
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species
_to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- ' portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ;
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
- Hntomological Literature.
I. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA-
_ DELPHIA, 1894.—A proposed classification of the fossorial Hymenoptera _of North America, W. J. Fox.
22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
2. Le NATuRALISTE. Paris, Nov. 1, 1894.—Habits and metamorphoses of Scolia hirta Schrank, Capt. Xambeu.—November 15th. Diagnoses of American Coleoptera, M. Allard.
3. ENTWICKELUNG DER RAUPENZEICHNUNG und Abhangigkeit der letzteren von der Farbe der Umgebung. Inauguraldissertation zur Er- langerung der philosophischen Doktorwiirde, etc. Universitat zu Kiel. Von Christoph Schréder. Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, Marz, 1894. 7. pp., 1 pl. ;
4. BERICHTE DES NaTURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREINES ZU REGENS- BURG, iv, 1894.—Architecture of the Phryganidz, Dr. O. Hofmann, 1 pl.
5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SociETy OF LONDON, 1894, pt. iii, Oct. 1, 1894.—On the spiders of the island of St. Vincent ii, E. Simon.
6. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NorD DELA FRANCE, vii, 1. Lille, October, 1894.—Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the last segments of the bodies of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera, A. Peytoureau, 7 pls., figs.
7. Compre RENDuv. L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, Nov. 5, 1894. —On the formation of new colonies in the lucifugous Termite ( Zermes lucifugus), J. Perez. Defense of the organism against parasites in insects, ; L. Cuenot.—November 12. Biological observations made on the wander- ing cricket (Schistocerca peregrina Oliv.) during the invasions of 1891, 1892 and 1893 in Algeria, repeated copulation, oviposition, J. K. d’Her- culais. On the swarms of Zermes lucifugus, J. Perez.
8. ACTES DE LA SOCIETE SCIENTIFIQUE DU CHILI, iv, 2. Santiago, Aug. 22, 1894.—The twentieth neotropical Aspidiotus, T. D. A. Cockerell.
g. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, Nov. 5, 1894. Some words to Dr. C. Hilger [on the abdomen of Coleoptera], C. Verhoeff. Anatomy of the venomous apparatus of the Ichneumonide, L. Bordas.—November 19. E. Schmidt’s labial palpi, Dr. N. Leon. A new developmental stage of Polydesmus, Dr. C. Verhoeff.
10, BOLETIN DE LA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS EN CORDOBA, - xiii, 2. Buenos Aires, July, 1893.—Argentine tie Chironomide, F. L. Arribalzaga.
II. JAHRBUCHER DES NASSAUISCHEN VEREINS FUR NATURKUNDE, XIvii. Wiesbaden, 1894.—Contributions to the biology of the Noctuz, W. Cas- pari 2nd. Biological notes on Acronycta ailni id.
12. THE CECROPIAN. (Monthly report of the Henry Edwards Ento- mological Chapter of the Agassiz Association.) Edited by the secretary [William L. W. Field]. Milton, Mass. Published by the Chapter, No- vember, 1894.—A list of butterflies captured at Hartford, Conn., S. N. Dunning. A list of butterflies of Guilford, New Haven County, Conn,, W. L. W. Fieid and D. G. Field. A list of the Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera
hl ae
ited |e ie oa
Las
_
Pt
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23
of east, west and south Bridgewater, Mass., W. L. Tower. A partial list of Lepidoptera observed at Salem, Columbiana County, Ohio, M. L. Barker. Printed by a duplicating process.
13. A Text-Book oF INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY by J. Playfair MeMurrich, M.A., Ph.D. Professor in the University of Michigan. New York, Henry Holt & Co., 1894, pp. viii, 661; 291 figs. Arachnida pp,
435-468. Tracheata pp. 469-530.
14. JENAISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURWISSENCHAFT, Xxix, I, Sept. 20, 1894.—Contributions to the phylogeny of the Arachnida: on the posi- tion of the Acarina; the so-called Malpighian vessels and the respiratory organs of the Arachnida, J. Wagner.
15. THE JOURNAL OF THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, xvii, 3, October, 1894.—Studies of the development of Fidia viticida Walsh, with descriptions of one new genus and two new species of Hy- menoptera by W. H. Ashmead, F. M. Webster, 1 pl. The preparation and care of insect collections, C. Dury.
16. ARCHIVES DES SCIENCES PHYSIQUES ET NATURELLES (3), XXXii, Io. Geneva, Oct. 15, 1894.—Polymorphism and ergatomorphism of ants, Dr. A. Forel.
17. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD. London, Nov. 15, 1894.—Random notes on Zyg@na exulans and its varieties, J. W. Tutt. Portrait of the members of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society.
18. THE Kansas UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY, iii, 2._ Lawrence, Kans., October, 1894.--The prothorax-of butterflies, May H. Wellman, figs. American Platypezidz, W. A. Snow, 1 pl.
19. JOURNAL DE L’ANATOMIE ET DE LA PHYSIOLOGIE, xxx, 5. Paris, September-October, 1894.—Contribution to the study of the sub-intestinal nervous system of insects, A- Binet, 4 pls.
_ 20. THE BRITISH NATURALIST. London, Nov. 15, 1894.—Some curious aquatic larve, G. Swainson, 1 pl. The sexual distinctions of insects, C. W. Dale. Synonymic list of the genera and species [of British Aran- eidea], with synonyms of the latter (cont.), Rev. F. O. Pickard-Cambridge.
21. THE AMERICAN MONTHLY MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL, xv, II. Washington, November, 1894.—Keys to the genera of Pediculidz and Mallophagidz, H. Osborn.
22. ARCHIVES DE ZOOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE ET GENERALE (3). ii, 3. Paris, 1894.—Studies on the heart of some Orthoptera (preliminary com- munication), A. Kowalevsky. Preliminary note on the distribution of the sexes in the cells of the wasp, P. Marchal.
23. NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT. — Berlin, Nov. 25, ° 1894.—The protection of animals in nature, Dr. F. Kienitz-Gerloff, figs.
24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
24. KNOWLEDGE. London, Dec. 1, 1894.—The glow-worm, E. Av Butler, figs. The industry of insects in relation to flowers, Rev. A. S. Wilson. The web of the garden spider, E. A. Butler, fig.
25. PsycHEe. Cambridge, Mass., December, 1894.—Convergence and poecilogony among insects, A. Giard (transl. from Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, by H. Osborn). A cone-like Cecidomyiid gall on Bigelovia, C. H. T. Townsend. Preparatory stages of Sphina- vashti Strecker, H. G. Dyar. A check-list of African Coccidz, T. D. A. Cockerell. Notes upon 7oxoneuron, W. H. Patton. Notes on the Orthoptera of Penikese and Cuttyhunk, A. P. Morse.
26. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, ii Brussels, 1894. The Melolonthide of the palzearctic and oriental regions in the Royal Museum of Natural History in Brussels, E. Brenske.
27. ANNALES of the same, Nov. 3, 1894.—Revision of the species of the genus Rhaphidorrhynchus Schoenherr, A. Senna.
28. THE ENtTomoLocist. London, December, 1894.—The North American species of /ugura, J. B. Smith. Ona Lecanium from Rochester, N. Y. (U. S. A.), considered identical with Z. juglandis Bonché, T. D. A. Cockerell. Notes on ‘‘assembling,” with some general remarks on the senses in Lepidoptera, J. Arkle. On Parnassius phebus (kab.) = delius (Esp.) and P. smintheus (Doubleday), J. Watson. Additions to the list of British Lepidoptera during the past ten years, Anon.
29. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE. London, December, 1893.—The British species of the genus Psyche and its allies (cont.), C. G. Barrett. The new “nickel pin,’ H. G. Knaggs.
30. REPORTS OF OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS in the practical work of the Division, etc., U. S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. Bull. No. 32. Washington, 1894.—Report on injurious insect in Nebraska andeadjoining districts, L. Bruner. Report on some injurious insects of California, D. W. Coquillett. Report of entomological work in Oregon and California; notes on Australian importations, A. Koebele. Report on the insects of Missouri for 1893, M. E. Murtfeldt. Insects of the season in Iowa in 1893, H. Osborn. Report on insects injurious to forest trees, A. S. Packard.
31. Insect Lire, vii, 2. Washington, October, 1894.—[Received at Philadelphia, Nov. 20, 1894]. Sixth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists: A brief account of the rise and present condition of official economic entomology, L. O. Howard. Bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide, J. B. Smith. Report of committee on codpe- ration among station entomologists. Spraying without a pump—prelimi- nary notice, J. M. Aldrich. Notes on insecticides, C. L. Marlatt. Some observations on. new and old insecticides and their combination with fungicides, B. T. Galloway. Spraying with arsenites vs. bees, F. M. Webster. Economic entomological work in the parks of New York city,
2 =f
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25
E. B. Southwick. The wood leopard moth in the parks of New York city» id. Work in economic entomology at the University of Kansas for the _ season of 1894, F. H. Snow. Notes on some discoveries and observa- tions of the year in West Virginia, A. D. Hopkins. The eastern occur- rences of the San José scale, L. O. Howard. The San José scale in New _ Jersey, J. B. Smith. Mealy bugs and their allies, G. C. Davis. The pear- - tree Psylla in Maryland, C. L. Marlatt. Notes of the year in New Jersey, _ J. B. Smith. Special economic insects of the season, G. C. Davis. Ad- ditional notes on the strawberry weevil, its habits and remedies, F. H. Chittenden. Notes on the insects of north Idaho, J. M. Aldrich. Insects of the year, F. M. Webster. Notes from N. Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. Some experience with mosquitoes, H. E. Weed.
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT.
Cuenot 4, MeMurrich 13, Dury 15, Binet 19, Dale 20, Kienitz-Gerloff 237 Wilson 24, Giard 25, Knaggs 29, Bruner 30, Coquillett 30, Koebele 30, Murtfeldt 30, Osborn 30, Packard 30, Howard 31, Smith 31 (two), Al- drich 31 (two), Marlatt 31, Galloway 31, Webster 31 (two), Southwick 31 Hopkins 31, Davis 31, Cockerell 31.
: ARACHNIDA. _ Simon 5*, Wagner 14, Pickard-Cambridge 20, Butler 24.
MYRIAPODA. . Verhoeff 9. ; ORTHOPTERA. - @Herculais 7, Kowalevsky 22, Morse 25. NEUROPTERA.
Hofmann 4, Perez 7 (two), Osborn 21, Marlatt 31 (in paper on Psylla).
HEMIPTERA. ai Peytoureau 6, Cockerell 8, 25, 28, Leon 9, Osborn 21, Snow 31, Howard __—s 31, Smith 31, Davis'31, Marlatt 31. COLEOPTERA.
Allard 2*, Peytoureau 6, Verhoeff 9, Webster 15, Butler 24, Brenske 26, Senna 27*, Chittenden 31.
DIPTERA. piiscialzagn 10, Snow 18*, Swainson 20, Townsend 25, Weed, 31.
26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
LEPIDOPTERA. Schréder 3, Peytoureau 6, Caspari 11 (two), Dunning 12, Field & Field 12, Tower 12, Barker 12, Tutt 17, Wellman 18, Dyar 25, Smith 28, Arkle 28, Watson 28, Anon 28, Barrett 29, Southwick 31.
HYMENOPTERA.
Fox 1, Xambeu 2, Bordas 9, Webster 15, 31, Ashmead 15*, Forel 16, Marchal 22, Patton 25.
Doings of Societies.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 11, 1894.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held this even- ing at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1509 S. Thirteenth Street. Members present: Messrs. Seeber, Dr. Castle, Johnson, E. Wenzel, ” Boerner, H. W. Wenzel, Fox and Schmitz. Honorary members: Prof. John B. Smith and Dr. Henry Skinner; visitor, Mr. C. H. Roberts. Meeting called to order at 9.30 P.M., vice-president Seeber presiding. Mr. Roberts read the introduction to his paper on the genus Dineufes, also exhibiting his collection of the same, together with a number of sketches illustrating some of their characteristics, stating that his collec- tion represented all the known species, also containing two new species, nigrior and hornit. In concluding this interesting communication he said the paper would be completed for publication very shortly. By request he also explained his method of collecting H/mis. He used for the purpose a piece of cheese cloth about 2 x 2 feet long, which is spread across the stream, two ends of the cloth being weighted down, then disturbing the bed of the stream a few feet above; this causes the Z/mis to cling to the cloth as they are washed down stream. To demonstrate the usefulness of this plan he stated where he had, on one occasion, in agitating a space © of about three feet, noticed that they accumulated so rapidly that they began to immediately wash off; he at one gathered up the cloth and began counting them; when his count reached about 700 specimens he tired and quit; this find occupied one and a half hours. Upon being questioned regarding the number of species in a find, he stated they generally repre- * sented from three to five. This was followed by a discussion as to the best method for freeing specimens from grease and retaining the color. It was generally conceded that first immersing them 1n hot water and then in gasoline had been generally found the most satisfactory.
Mr. Fox made some remarks, accompanied : by black-board sketches, on the genus Crabro, on which he has been working, preparatory to monographing the species. Firstly, Crabro may be divided into two sec- tions or divisions, by the sculpture of the mesopleurz and the presence or absence of a crest or ridge on the epimerum mesopleuralis. In the first section the mesopleure are simply punctured and their epimerum
cl tl
—=7s* TL.
'NEws, vol. v, p. 18.
. 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27
never crested; while in the second section the mesopleurze are always more or less striated, and their epimerum distinctly crested. Ten groups constitute the first section, and are separated on the form of the first ab- dominal segment, position of ocelli, and shape of pygidium. The old genus Rhopalum \eads off with the first segment of abdomen petiolate and nodose at apex, followed by several groups, the form of their first segment grading into those groups in which the first segment is sessile with the second. The old genera, Blepharipus and Thyreopus, end the first section and show their relation to the second section by the presence of a small pointed prominence on the epimerum mesopleuralis at the same point where the crest is situated in the species of the second section. The ¢ antennz in this section offer excellent characters for separating the various groups, either being simply clavate, non-dentate, or the first four joints of flagellum are strongly dentate beneath; again the sixth joint of flagellum is deeply emarginate at base, and in one or two groups is in addition strongly produced at apex beneath. The fore tarsi of the male is frequently flattened and dilated, while in-other groups they are of the usual form. A number of the old species will be reduced to the synonymy, inasmuch as the sexes of one species have in several cases been described under different names, but this reduction will be more than equaled by the addition of the new species. No further business being presented the meeting adjourned to the annex for refresh- ments. THEO. H. Scumitz, Secretary.
The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL-SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
At a business meeting held Dec. 10, 1894, the following officers were elected to serve for the year 1895 : Director, G. H. Horn, M.D. Vice-Director, CHAS. S. WELLES. Recorder, HENRY SKINNER, M.D. Treasurer, EZRA T..CRESSON. Conservator, HENRY SKINNER, M.D. Publication Committee, Jas. H. Rrpines, C. W. JoHNSON.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
Biological Notes on Some Colorado Coleoptera.* By Cart F. Baker. In the following notes, unless otherwise stated, the locality is to be understood as Fort Collins. * From the fifth circulating report of the Say Memorial Chapter of the A. A. See Ent: -
28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
Fiippodamia convergens Guer. and H. sinuata Muls.—Parasitized indi- viduals of these species were found adhering to leaves of cabbage during the early part of September. A specimen of Zuphorus sculptus Cr. emerged from H. sinvata on September 20,"and from a H. convergens on September 28. ‘:
Scymnus collaris Mels, (Det. through Riley)—Larve found among plant lice on Ocnothera biennis August 15, produced beetles September 10.
Epilachna corrupta Muls.—The life-history, etc., of the ‘‘ Bean Beetle’’ has been quite fully discussed in Bull. 19 of the Colo. Exp. Station. Lima beans are scarcely touched, and some kinds of string beans are not in- jured nearly as much as others. On August 18, eggs, larve in all stages, pupz, and beetles, were found in great abundance.
Hydnocera longicollis Zieg\. (Det. through Riley)—A specimen ap- peared during July in a breeding-cage containing galls of Auura s-nedus which had been collected early in the Spring.
Lema trilineata Oliv.—Larve nearly mature were found in abundance on Physalis virginiana June 24. These pupated June 3e, the beetles emerging July 25.
Saxinis omogera Lac. (Det. through Riley)—A number of cocoons of this species were found under a stone in the foot-hills west of Fort Collins May 20. They were attached to a little stick and looked like buds ona twig. The beetles emerged from June 8 to June 20. pox
Chrysomela exclamationis Fab.—Larvze common in the involucres of flowers of Helianthus annuus July 24. Began pupating July 27. Beetles emerged September 7.
Chrysomela flavomarginata Say.—Eggs were found on the dead stems of Artemisia dracunculoides early in the Spring. May 20the eggs hatched, the young larve feeding freely on the Artemisia. Attained imago state in July.
Gastroidea dissimilis Say.— Eggs, and larve in all stages very common on Rumex crispus May 24. First pupzee appeared May 30, these giving imagos ten days later.
Lina scripta Fab.—Larve abundant on young cottonwood sprouts June 29. Beetles began emerging July 11.
Trirhabda convergens Lec.—Larve were taken on Bigelovia, June 18, at Dolores, by Prof. Gillette. These produced beetles by July 5.
Galeruca marginella Kirby. (Det. through Riley)—-Larve mining in leaves of Chenopodium June 20. Pupated, giving beetles on July 5
Microrhopala vittata Fab.—A very common beetle in this locality. Larvz mine leave of Solidago. May 10 were copulating and depositing eggs. By July 2 patches of the So/idago looked white and dead. Beetles began emerging July rg.
Cassida nigripes Oliv. (Det. through Riley)—Larve on Convolvulus sepium July 2. Pupated July 9, the beetles emerging July 19. From a pupa a Zachina larva emerged and pupated July 12, the fly appearing
July 19. © «
1895. ] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29
Bruchus fraterculus Horn, (Det. through Riley)—In 1892 a large pro- portion of the seeds of Glycyrrhiza lepidota in many localities were in- fested by these beetles. On June 6 many beetles made their appearance,
_ There also appeared numerous specimens of three parasites: Bracon
aanthostigma Cr., Eurytoma sp., and a Pleromalid. Mordellistena morula Lec. (Det. through Riley)—Laave very common
_ during Winter in stems of /va xanthifolia. Sterns gathered April 14 con- _ tained pupz. Beetles emerged May 9g to June g, and with them numerous
specimens of Cremastus mordellistene Ashm. mss., and Tetrastichus sp.
Anthonomus elongatus Lec. (Det. through Riley)—Bred from a very curious polythalamous twig gall on Bige/ovia, collected at Dolores, June 19 by Prof. Gillette. Beetles appeared July 19. Probably inquilinous in the galls. A large number of parasites of four species were also obtained.
Anthonomus scutellaris Lec.—Reared in considerable numbers from wild plums, the beetles emerging September 3.
Anthonomus sguamosus Lec.—Larve common in heads of Grindelia sqguarrosa during last of September, beetles emerging during first of Oct.
The parasitica mentioned in the above notes were determined
; by Mr. Ashmead.
oO
A NEW PHAGOPTERA FROM MEXICO. 3 By W. ScHAus.
Phzgoptera masoni sp. nov.—Antennz black. Head, collar and thorax orange; a black spot anteriorly on the patagie. Abdomen orange; un- derneath with a lateral and some transverse black bands. Primaries above orange; at the base a large, light gray space, crossed by black veins and containing on the costal margin an orange spot edged with black; a broad, median gray band bordered on either side with black and crossed by black veins; at the end of the cell a broad gray spot extending to the costal margin, and also edged and streaked with black; the outer ‘margin very broadly yellowish, with the veins black. Underneath yellow, with all the markings black instead of gray, and a submarginal black shade. Secondaries above and below orange-yellow. Exp. 70 mm.
Hlab.—Jalapa, Mexico.
In the collection of Mr. J. T. Mason, after tenn I name this fine species.
Dp. vv
A NEW TACHINID WITH REMARKABLE ANTENNA. By S. W. WILuisTon, M.D.
Some years ago* I described, under the name TZa/arocera (which Brauer and Bergenstamm persist in calling Za/acrocera),
* Entom. Amer. vol. iii, p. 151.
30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
a genus of South American Tachinidee with remarkably developed antenne in the male. Very recently I have received from Prof. Aldrich, who is so favorably known for his excellent work in Diptera, a number of speci- mens belonging to another genus of the same family, the males of which have antennz quite as remarkable as those
Dichocera lyrata Will. _ Male antennz from in front.
uy
o
Dichocera lyrata—Head of male. of Zalarocera.
c
= x 1895. | pact cere acti NEW 3
I can find no reference to such a structure as is described and figured herewith, and am constrained to regard the specimens as representatives of a new and peculiar genus. Its nearest ally among the described forms seems to be Nemorea, from which, however, the female will be at once distinguished by the much elongated row of frontal bristles and the peculiarly light colored antennz. It is difficult to describe the structure of the male an- tenn in brief language, and I will therefore refer the reader to the figures here given; which have been carefully made. The first two joints are very short, while the third is extraordinarily elongated and split near the base into two nearly equal divisions, the inner one of which is straight and dilated at its tip into a boot-like extremity. The outer branch arises from in front of the base, and is curved outward and then inward, the slightly everted extremity resting upon the toe of the boot. Altogether, the figure shown in front view is not unlike that of alyre. The arista is attached to the inner branch near its origin, and is very distinctly jointed. The light yellow color of the antenne adds to their peculiar appearance.
What the function of such a remarkably developed sexual peculiarity is I cannot conjecture. It is in this family, as a whole, that we find the most highly specialized antenne, and frequently the male antenne are different from those of the female. Ina few instances I have observed the males when at rest alternately raising and depressing the antennz with a see-sawing motion.
Aside from the antennze, the structural characters of this fly are as follows:
Dichocera gen. nov. <¢’.—Front broad, gently and evenly convex; on either side a row of frontal bristles, which extend down on the sides of the face to opposite the lower margin of the eyes. Two orbital, proclinate bristles present. Eyes oval, their length equal to only a little more than one-half the height of the head; clothed with moderately long, not abun- dant pile. Face much receding; median excavation broad; sides of the face narrow, bare, except for the row of descending frontal bristles. Cheeks very broad, hairy; near the front part with a vertical row of bristles a little removed from the facial margin. Vibrissal bristles situated almost immediately upon the oral margin. Occipital orbits narrow, with a row of rather small bristles upon the upper half. Palpi slender, slightly thick- ened at the extremity. Abdomen oval and convex; second segment with a pair of marginal bristles, the third with both marginal and discal bristles. Claws and pulvilli small; first posterior cell narrow and narrowly open, the apical cross-vein oblique, terminating a little distance before the tip
32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January,
of the wing; the distance from the posterior cross-vein to the angle is not more than a fourth or a fifth of the length of the vein between the cross= veins; angle with a stump of a vein.
Q.—In the female the face is less retreating, the sides are broader, the fovea narrower, the vibrissz are situated a little distance above the oral margin, the eyes are more sparsely pilose, and the front tarsi are flattened. The two orbital bristles are present, as in the male. The antennz reach a little below the middle of the face; the third joint is four or five times the length of the second joint, of nearly equal width throughout, and obtusely pointed at the tip. In some specimens the third antennal joint — shows a slight projection near the proximal end in front, as though corre- sponding to a rudiment of the elongated process of the male. The first two joints of the arista are shorter than in the’male, and of nearly equal length.
Dichocera lyrata n. sp. ¢' 2 —Black; the sides of the front and face, and the narrow inferior orbits gray Santlieesoe: but variable in different reflec- tions, the shining black ground color showing through. Frontal stripe broad, reddish or brownish; cheeks black, not shining, in some reflections showing a brownish pruinosity; clothed with black hairs; near the front part with a vertical row of bristles not far from the facial margin. An- tennz wholly light reddish yellow. Palpi reddish yellow; occiput gray pollinose, clothed with abundant light gray hair. Mesonotum gray polli- nose, but variable in different reflections, leaving four distinct, shining black stripes. Scutellum gray pollinose, variable, the apex slightly red- dish; its margins with four long bristles. Abdomen shining black, the anterior part of each segment broadly gray pollinose, but very variable in different reflections; distal part of the fourth segment, sometimes nearly all of itand the hypopygium, yellowish red. Tegulz nearly white. Wings grayish hyaline. Legs wholly black, the middle and hind tibize igi stout, irregular bristles on the outer side. Length 9-10 mm.
Nineteen specimens (4%, 159), Idaho, Prof. J. M. Aldrich, June and November.
ETO Ty CSA RED OBITUARY. FEeLix LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, the Argentine dipterologist, died on April Io, 1894. Ep. G. HonrATH, on April 19, 1894, in Gross-Lichterfelde near Berlin. Born in Coblenz, Aug. 11, 1837, and was a well-known Lepidopterist.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for December, 1894, was mailed December 1, 1894.
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a
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_ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
“PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION,
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA,
VOL. VI. FEBRUARY, 1895. No. 2.
CONTENTS:
Webster—Thomas Say .......-.eeeeees 33 | Economic Entomology........:.2+6+) 46
Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race Notes and News... .....s.sscsceeeoss 47 DPEMG TS oe sv bikes a ineatewekals.eb . 34 | Entomological Literature ............. 49 Dyar—Relationship of Pyralidze and Doings.of Societies iin iti eis. Oe 58 Pterophoride from the larva...... 38 | Entomological Section. ...........-.065 60 Hulst—North American Geometrina in Cockerell—Descriptions of new Hy- | . European collections.............. 40 menoptera........ Er US ES Peer 60. ME ata wind ain Hedin's nn doiaq ome 45
THOMAS SAY.—II. By Prof. F. M. WrEBsTER, Wooster, Ohio.
In 1824, Mr. Robert Owen purchased the lands belonging to the Harmonists, a communistic religious association that had migrated from Butler County, Pennsylvania, in 1815, and under the leadership of George Rapp, founded the village of New Harmony, and were known as Harmonists or Rappites. The _ village was already established when Messrs. Owen and Maclure, accompanied by Thomas Say, moved there too in 1825. The resident buildings that had been erected by Rapp and his fol- lowers have many of them ceased to exist, in 1889, only two being recognizable by their quaint, German architecture, one of them, very fortunately, being the one occupied by Say and his wife Lucy, before they moved into the Maclure house, in which Say died. The building is shown as it appeared a few years ago,
—— but since that time it too has been remodeled and rebuilt, and is
_ not now recognizable. The engraving, however, shows it as __when occupied by Say, except that it had once been reshingled. Our knowledge of the daily life of Mr. and Mrs. Say is exceed-
ingly fragmentary, the oldest inhabitants now only remembering
34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
them as middle-aged people, when they were themselves very young. How long they occupied this house I have been unable to learn; quite likely until the health of the naturalist made a removal either more convenient or necessary, and it is probable that within its walls much of the work in preparing his third volume of American Entomology was accemplished, as well as much of his work on American Conchology, six numbers of which were printed at New Harmony prior to his death. In habits he appeared to have here carried his abstinence to excess, and allowed himself only so much and no better food than nature absolutely demanded to sustain life, while taxing himself with labors entirely out of proportion to his state of health and the nature and quantity of his food. Besides his work in the two branches of Natural History, Entomology and Conchology, he was the resident agent of the whole property of the settlement, and as before always ready to give his time and energy to aid such as chose to ask him for his services. Entomologists will here find the causes for his overlooking several species of insects, or at least not mentioning them, though they must have occurred abundantly at the time of his residence in New Harmony, and within a few miles thereof. People now living, who knew him in those days remember him as a mild, unassuming, lovable man, whom to meet was to respect, for his name was synonymous with honor, and his word always the expression of truth. His wife is remembered as a very amiable lady, scrupulously neat in all that pertained to herself or her household, though somewhat given to
complaining.
oO ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM.
By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 11, vol. vi, Ent. News.)
Prof. A. R. Grote writes: The exact limits between ‘‘ Varie- ties,’ ‘‘ Forms,’’ ‘‘ Aberrations,’’ have not been absolutely de- fined. These terms, together with ‘‘ Dimorphic forms,”’ “‘ Spe- cies Darwiniane,’’ have been employed to designate more or less constant or extensive variation from the type. ‘‘Race’’ and ‘Form’? seem used in the same sense, and are terms applied to variations dependent on locality, the whole species as there oc- curring, showing some departure from the type. Variation in color or marking when occurring among the typical examples is
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35
variety, and varieties should receive a Latin name. For instance, Agrotis wilsoni occurs in a typical olive-gray variety, and in a red variety (var. specialis). It does not matter that intermediary examples exist. The terms must be employed in order to desig- nate properly the variety. It is the property of varieties that
they intergrade, ‘of species that they do not pass into one another.
So with Agrotis tessellata. Prof. Lintner once showed me a box full of ¢essed/ata. A certain proportion were my variety afropur- purea. These could be at once picked out and the varietal name is vindicated by the fact. The detection of varieties worthy of the name, is a matter of the tact and experience of the lepidop- terist. Cases of small and individual variation should not receive a name. If one is given it should be relegated into the synonymy.
An aberration is an occasional strong divergence, and to re- ceive a name must at least be a remarkable one. The limit be- tween aberration and variety is not clear. Some entomologists only recognize as valid varieties such as they have themselves. named. The varieties of other authors they consider synonyms. Staudinger’s catalogue attempts a classification of variation.
The whole subject of variation is now engaging the attention of lepidopterists in England, and the works there being pub- lished by Mr. J. W. Tutt should be attentively studied by Amer- ican lepidopterists. The subject is one not finally or fully under- stood, hence what you have to say will possess a great interest. I may say, in conclusion, that only by breeding from the egg wil] the true forms appear, and thus the matter may be decided whether a debatable form is a species or a variety.
Mr. Dyar says: I understood by a variety an example of a species differing from the normal form. In the special sense it is a group of individuals like each other, but of less than specified rank. The variety may (a) intergrade with the normal form, or (6) it may not. In the latter case it is either an aberration, di- morphic form, or a local race. An aberration is a variety that occurs in a single instance or very rarely. I understood ‘‘form’’ to be a general term covering “‘ variety,’’ but not necessarily less
_than specified rank. I would always name a dimorphic form or
alocal race. The practice of naming intergrading varieties can So easily be carried to extremes that I do not like to advise it. As to aberration when distinct and of quite different appearance
36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
from the normal form a name may be desirable, but on the whole I do not like the practice. I would never name a ‘‘form’’ as such. If possible decide whether it is a (1) species, (2) dimor- phic form, (3) race, (4) intergrading variety, or (5) aberration; (named in the order of importance). From a simple specimen it would be impossible to tell to what rank to assign it, except by analogy with other species in the genus. If it comes from a lo- cality where the normal form was known it could not be a race; the exact location could only be determined by breeding.
Mr. B. Neumoegen replies as follows: This is in reply to queries about variety, form, and aberration. The true sequence should be—1st, what you call form; 2d, aberration; 3d, variety or va- riation. There is no such thing to my knowledge as “ form;”’ you probably mean “‘ race’’ by it.
In our (Neumoegen and Dyar) preliminary revision of the Bombyces of N. A. (Journal of N. Y. Entomological Society) we say ‘‘ Local forms breeding true to type, but differing in no great _extent from the ground form are classed as races, whether con- nected by intergrading forms in the intermediate territory or not. Since the difference between the local race, or local species may be a matter of degree only.’’ The forms are placed according to our present judgment, and may be differently classed by other authors. We recognize seasonal, dimorphic forms, in a few in- stances. All the varieties referred to by us, are supposed to inhabit the same territory as the typical form, and not to breed true to type. We have not considered aberrations as distinct from varieties. This will give you the key to the question, and I therefore answer, —
First comes the ground form, or the typical insect.
Second the race, being a local form, differing in no great ex- tent from the ground form.
Third the aberration, totally varying in appearance from the ground form, but not denying the main typical characters, and to be found only in single or very few specimens at any time or place. eae
Fourth, the variety, which is not breeding true to type and varies in appearance, but which remains true in this appearance in any number or quantity of insects, and shows conclusively that varieties are the precursors of coming species. They are
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37
the faithful agentsof evolution and the future student who may take up the difficult task, by aid of fossils, of trying to explore the original species may be able to find out how many varieties have formed into good species, in the course of centuries.
Dr. Henry Skinner writes thus: Your questions are great puz- zles, and have been agitating the scientific mind for years, and volumes have been written on the subject, and yet nothing defi- nite or fixed has been accomplished. I doubt whether absolute definitions can be given for the terms you mention as the whole thing is one of individual opinion. Of course you do not expect me to write a treatise on the subject, and I will give you my ideas in a very brief way.
The three terms are gradational, and represent individuals, more or less removed from the specific form. The greatest de- viation in structure is a monstrosity. The next farthest removed is an aberration, the next a form and the least removed a variety, I would define an aberration as a well-marked deviation, occurring at rare intervals such as Vanessa antiopa lintner7. 1 think the word form should be limited to well-marked deviations which are either sexual, seasonal or geographical; as illustrations of the sexual class I would cite Papilio glaucus, and the white forms of Colias. Of the seasonal the forms of Papilio ajax; of the geographical, the female insular forms of Pafzlios found in the East India islands, etc.
‘Under the head of varieties I would put the least deviations or those not comprised in the first two classes. :
In regard to the other question I think it would be best not to name varieties when there is no question as to what the species is.
Prof. Packard replies: A variety is usually regarded as an in- cipient species not yet fixed, but varieties are of different value in different groups and species. The word form, is a general one, to denote a species or variety, or even a genus. An aber- ration is an abnormal specimen not generally subject to heredity; it is a sport. I should not give a name to either of these if I could possibly help it, but a name may be given to a variety if it is a local or climatic one, such as appear year after year in one place. Under such circumstances it is well to give a name, a local one. But one should try to keep synonyms down, not multiply scientific names, as they are a grievous burden to science.
38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Many are repelled from the study on account of the burdensome nomenclature. |
One would have to use his judgment in deciding what is a new variety, form or aberration. A beginner or an amateur should not publish new names without using great care, or feeling sure he is correct. Skill in detecting varieties, etc., comes with expe- rience, and the best of all make mistakes. I think careful, con- servative views should prevail, and I hope you will inculcate these virtues in young students; and I think it much better for them to give their time to studying the habits, structure and transfor- mation of insects than to collecting and describing supposed new species.
* e * * * * *
Thus we find that quite a diversity of opinion exists among well known students, and I can scarcely hope that my own views will be convincing, though it would be very good if some definite meaning could be assigned to what, after all, would strike the beginner as being elementary terms.
In looking over the above letters the point that seems most worthy of discussion is that relating to intergrades.
Dr. Hulst describes Variety thus: ‘‘ Forms distinct, but inter- grading more or less in any locality.’’
Prof. Smith says that a variety does not breed true, but occurs in reasonable proportion independently of season or locality. Then he continues: ‘‘It is to be understood also that there is no regular succession of intermediate forms between this variety and the usual form. ‘Where a range of intermediate forms exists I would not consider the extreme entitled to a name.”’ é (To be continued.)
fa’ Vv
Relationship of Pyralide and Pterophoride from the Larva.
By Harrison G. Dyar.
In connection with the controversy on these groups, started by Mr. Tutt, I would like to present to the readers of the NEws an outline of a system of classification based on the larve. This will be presented more fully elsewhere, but in this place its bear- ing on the relationships of the Pyralide and Pterophoride may be of interest.
Accepting Prof. J. H. Comstock’s division of the Lepidoptera
1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39
into the suborders Jugate and Frenatz, I would divide the latter into six superfamilies on the arrangement of the tubercles of the larve In response to a tendency for these tubercles to be ar- ranged in a single transverse row, tubercles iv and v have become consolidated into one in the first three superfamilies, and later tubercles i and ii have been likewise united, or else tubercle ii disappears. . In the three highest families the tubercles have tended to form two alternating rows. According to these char- acters the superfamilies separate as follows :
Tubercles iv and v approximate or consolidated. Tuberclesiandiiremote .. . . . . . . MICROLEPIDOPTERA. Tubercles iandiiconsolidated . . . . . . . . ANTHROCERINA. Tubercles i and ii remote, ii disappearing at the first moult. BomBYCINA.
Tubercles iv and v remote.
Tubercle iv behind the spiracle, v belowit . . . . . . NOCTUINA. Tubercle iv below, vin front of spiracle . .. . . . . SPHINGINA. Tubercles iv and v in line, except in some Nymphalidz, where secon-
dary armor is developed .... . . . . . RHOPALOCERA.
The MricROLEPIDOPTERA include the Psychide, Cosside, Py- ralidz, Tortricidz, Sesiide, Tineide and Lacosomide; the ANn- THROCERINA the Pterophoride, Anthroceride, Pyromorphide, Megalopygide and Eucleridz; the Bompycina the Citheroniide, Hemileucide,* Saturniidz* and Bombycide; the Nocturna the Notodontide, Thyatiridze, Geometridae, Drepanidz, Agaristide, Noctuidz, Cymbidz, Lithosiidz, Pericopide, Arctiidae, Euchro- miidze and Lymantriide, and perhaps also the Thyridz, Diop- tide, Brephidze and Lasiocampidze} ; the SPHINGINA the Sphin- gidz, and the RHOPALOCERA the families usually associated under that term.
Thus, from the larval characters which I use, the Pyralidz and Pterophoridz are placed in two separate, but closely allied super- families. I see no reason for giving the families the superfamily ending as has been done recently. I regret that I have not seen the larva of Orneodes, so I cannot throw any light on the posi- tion of the family it represents. However, if Dr. Hulst had read carefully Dr. Chapman’s really good articles (to which Mr. Tutt refers) I think he would appreciate better the force of the argu-
* Not in the sense used by Prof. Smith. My classification corresponds more nearly with that of Grote’s Check List 1882.
} These I have not examined sufficiently. The Lasiocampide will probably form another superfamily.
40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
ment from the hooks on the prolegs. The character referred to is supposed by Dr. Chapman to offer a positive diagnosis between micro- and macro-heterocera (7 e. the complete ring of hooks is characteristic of the Microlepidoptera as here set forth). As a matter of fact, there are certain exceptions* which vitiate Dr. Chapman’s generalization, though it is certainly true in the great majority of instances.
Science is cosmopolitan, and it must appear that Dr. Hulst has allowed himself to be carried too far by his enthusiastic Ameri- canism.
on Vv
NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—III. By Gro. D. Hutsrt.
(Continued from page 15, vol. vi, ENT. News)
The type of Endropia warneri Grt. is in the Museum. It is not an exact counterpart of &. apiciaria Pack., though the same species. The outer line is more bent than in £. apiciaria, and it thus makes an approach towards £. hypochraria H.-Sch.
Endropia astylusaria Wik. 152, &. madusaria Wik. 153, £&. oponearia Wik. 153, £. tiviaria Wik. 250, are the same. In this case, as in the most of others to which I make reference in these notes, there may be much variation of appearance. The synonymy, as I express it, is intended to be my view of specific relation only. Mr. Warren puts £. vinulentaria G. & R. as a synonym, but with this opinion I do not agree.
Endropia tigrinaria Gn. i, 149, &. propriaria Wik. 249, are the same as &. obtusaria Hbn. I believe Clysia decisaria Wik. 47, is the same also.
Endropia deductaria W\k. 151, is asynonym of £. pectinaria Den. & Schif.
Endropia effectaria W\k. 1504, is a good species. _
* Probole amicaria H.-Sch. will have the following standing under it: P. alienaria H.-Sch., Hyperetis nyssaria Gn. i, 118, exsinuaria Gn. i, 118, H. persinuaria Gn. i, 119, 1. tmsinuaria Gn. i, 119, Macaria laticincta W\k. 885, Azelina neonaria Wik. 186, Selenia esionaria Wik. 183, and Hyperitis nepiasaria W\k.
* Some ‘Py ralidze have the circle le of hooks incomplete, The Drepanidz have a complete circle, but the outer half is different from the inner (secondary ?).
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4I
146. The latter is a very distinct variety, but not entitled to specific rank.
Mr. Warren, without knowledge of the types, places Eudyja quernaria A. & S., Synopsia phigaliaria Gn. i, 225, Eubyja cupidaria Grt.,-E. mexicanaria Grt. and 2. penulataria Gtt., as one species, which is rather wild, to say the least. Phigadz- aria Gn. and penulataria Grt. are the same, but are very dis- tinct from guernaria. Cupidaria and mexicanaria are also dis- tinct from jthat species, and from each other. Indeed, in my opinion, these species are not all congeneric.
The type of Biston virginarius Grt. is in the Museum. It is unspread, but is a fresh specimen. I could not well examine it under the circumstances. It is much like B. ursarius Wik. 304, but the outer whitish band on the fore wings is broken, and the outer line is strongly dentate.
Amphidasys ereieh WIk. 307, is a synonym of Audbyja cog- nataria Gn.
Phigalia revocata Wik. 1527, is the same as Phigalia striga- Zaria Minot. I have no doubt but they are the same as Phalena Geometra titea Cram.
I agree with Dr. Packard in his reference of the Boarminz of Guenée and Walker. Soarmia humaria Gn. has as synonyms B. defectaria Gn. i, 247, B. intraria Gn., B. moniaria Wik. 345, B. ephyraria Wik. 349, Phibalapteryx erosiata Wik. 1718, B. albigenaria Wik. 348, B. illaudata Wik. 397, B. transfixaria Wik. 347, and 7ephrina expressaria Wik. 1657. I have in my notes also Anisodes ? intractaria, but I have a suspicion I may have made an error.
Tephrosia occiduaria Gn. i, 266, Boarmia signaria Wik. 346, Tephrosia spatiosaria Wik. 403, B. intrataria Wik. 403, and Tephrosia abraxaria Wik. 403, are the same as B. crepuscularia,; abraxaria is quite a distinct variety, and has been described by me as fernaldaria. Boarmia cineraria Wik., 488 is another synonym.
Boarmia sublunaria Gn. i, 248, frugaliaria Gn. i, 246, B. col- tecta Wik. 397, and B. fraudulentaria Zell., are B. pampinaria Gn. i, 245.
Boarmia indicataria Wik. 346, B. filaria Wik. 347, and ZB: polygrammaria Pack. are the same.
42 - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February,
Boarmia gnopharia Gn. i, 251, is the same as B. umbrosaria Hbn., 2. porcellaria Ab. & Gn. is almost surely the same.
Acidalia sparsar.a W\k. 1596, is one with Boarmia psilogram- maria Zell. Here is one instance where Walker is right, and Zeller wrong, as the insect is an Ac?dalia, and has no affinity with Boarmia.
A type of Boarmia plumosaria Pack. is in the Museum. It is beyond doubt a synonym of /arvaria Gn. The antenne are somewhat deceptive in appearance. The ends are broken off, the pectinations are spread out, so they appear lengthily plumose to the end. But it is not the same species figured and described by. Packard under this name, nor is it the same as the type in the Cambridge Museum.
Boamria signataria Wlk. 350, Zé ophrosia imperfectaria Wik. 407, and a specimen marked 7. contribuaria are one with Teph- rosia canadaria Gn. i, 263.
Boarmia imitata Wik. 395, is Tephrosia californiaria Pack.
Aspilates acidaliaria W\k. 1684, and Aspilates infixaria Wik. 1685, are the same as 7ephrosia cognataria Hbn.
Tephrosia submuraria W\k. 406, is a synonym of 7. anticaria Wilk. 404. Boarmia intextata Wik. 398 is, I think, the same, and has priority.
_ Cidaria albifusata Wik. 1728 is a synonym of Larentia ? ex- ornata Wik. 1187.
Aspilates canosaria Wik. 1674, with pulchraria Minot, is a synonym of Exdropia semiclusaria W\k. 1501.
Anisopteryx restituens Wik. 1697, is the same as A. pometaria Harr.
Anisopteryx sericeiferata W\k. is the same as Paleacrita ver- nata Peck.
Melanippe reciprocata W\k. 1294, is a synonym of Odezia al- bovittata Gn. ii, 520.
Aspilates ? ordinaria W\k. 1068, is the same as Lozogrammea , extremaria Wik. 984.
Cidaria? gibbocostata Wik. 1388, and Larentia costinotata WIk. 1701, are the sarne as Marmopteryx strigularia Minot.
Aspilates intermicata Wik. 1076, is the same as A. pervaria Pack. The type of var. zzterminaria Grt. is in the Museum.
Corycia hexaspilata Wik. sup. 1653, is a synonym of Hefero- phleps triguttata H.-Sch.
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43
Macaria? refusata Wik. 891, is the same as Heterophleps harveyata Pack. and antedates it.
Scotosia hesitata Gn. ii, 444, S. tmpanperata Wik. 1363, and Philereme albosignata Pack. are one species. 5
A MSS. species, type in the Museum, Scotosia differens Warr. is Triphosa indubitata Grt. If it be applied to the melanic and suffused form it is then a synonym of 7: pustularia Hy. Edw. This is the insect identified by Walker as Scofosta affirmaria Gn. Can. Nat. v, 264. It is very like that species, but different.
_ A specimen of Oferophtera bruceata Hulst, has on it a label, Antsopteryx remota Pack. Iam not aware that Dr. Packard ever described a species by that name.
_ Lobophora fuscifasciata Wik. 1258, Larentia longipennis Wik. sup. 1671, Scotosia lobophorata Wik. 1347, are the same as Lodo- phora anguilineata Grt. Mr. Warren joins as the same species, L. vernata Pack. and I incline to the belief that he is right.
Lobophora atroliturata W\k. 1710, is the same as L. geminata Wik.
Lobophora ? nivigerata W\k. 1259, is a dark form of ZL. ime- guatiata Pack.
Phibalapteryx impleta Wik. sup. 1683, and P. indoctrinata WIk. 1722 are synonyms of P. intestinata Gn. ii, 432.
Cidaria luscinata Zell. is the same as Phibalapteryx latirupta WIk. 1684.
Cidaria ? frigidata Wik. 1729, Larentia? renunciata Wik. 1187, and Ypsipetes pluviata Gn. ii, 378, are synonyms of ¢rifas- ciata. Mr. Moffat tells me Cleora divisaria Wlk. 489, is the same species.
Melanippe gratulata Wik. 1273, is M. brunneiciliata Pack. and has priority.
Petrophora truncata var. thingvallata, described, I think, by Stephens, is the insect afterwards described by me as Cleora atrifasciata. The Museum specimens are very much smaller than mine, expanding scarcely one-half as much.
Larentia flamifera Wik. 1184, is Larentia hersiliata Gn.
Larenta cerivinifascia Wik. 1184, is a variety of populata. It is very close in appearance to the variety comma-notata Haw. Cidaria remotata Wik. 1388, C. molliculata Wik. 1390, C. pro- pulsata Wik. 1389, and Pelurga similis Wik. 1425, are all forms of the same species, the American fopulata, called by Prof.
44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Lintner packardata. The variations are very wide, but are all shown in the set of Aopulata in the British Museum.
Cidaria explanata Wik. 1422, and C. cunigerata Wik. 1726, are, I think, the same species. In C. exp/anata the central band is nearly unbroken.
(To be continued. )
THE typographer-beetle, Bostrichus typographus, is so called on ac- count of a fancied resemblance between the paths it erodes and letters. . This insect bores into the fir and feeds upon the soft inner bark; and in such vast numbers that 80,000 are sometimes found in a single tree. The ravages of this insect have long been known in Germany under the name of Wurm troekniss—decay caused by worms; and in the old liturgies of that country the animal itself is formally mentioned under its common appellation, Zhe Turk. About the year 1465, this pest was particularly prevalent and caused incalculable mischief. In the beginning of the last century it again showed itself in the Hartz forests; it reappeared in 1757, redoubled its injuries in 1769, and arrived at its height in 1783, when the- number of trees destroyed by it in the above-mentioned forests alone was- calculated at a million and a half, and the whole number of insects at work at once 120,000,000,000. The inhabitants were threatened with a total suspension of the working of their mines for want of fuel. At this period these Bostrichi, when arrived at their perfect state, migrated in swarms like bees into Suabia and Franconia. At length, a succession of cold and moist seasons, between 1784 and 1789, very sensibly diminished the numbers of this scourge. In 1790 it again appeared, however, and so late as 1796 there was great reason to fear for the few fir trees that were left.— Cowan’s Curious Facts.
Many species of Buprestidze are decorated with highly brilliant metallic tints, like polished gold upon an emerald ground, or azure upon a ground of gold; and their elytra, or wing coverings, are employed by the ladies of China, and also of England, for the purpose of embroidering their dresses. The Chinese have also attempted imitations of these insects in bronze, in which they succeed so well that the copy may be sometimes mistaken for the reality. In Ceylon and throughout India, the golden wing-cases of two of this tribe, the Sternocera chrysis and S. sternicornis, are used to enrich the embroidery of the Indian zenana, while the lustrous joints of the legs are strung on silken threads, and form neck-laces and bracelets of singular brilliancy. The Buprestis alternata, ocellata and vittata are also wrought into various devices and trinkets by the Indians. The &. vittata is much admired among them. This insect is found in great abundance in China and thence exported into India, where it is dis- tributed at a low price. Cowan's Curious Facts.
1895. | 45
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological
iety. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent.
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PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1895.
A MONUMENT TO THOMAS SAY.
THE interesting articles on Thomas Say now appearing in the News recall the fact that the ‘‘ Father of American Entomology” has been dead sixty-one years. Much progress has been made in the study during that time, and doubtless Say would be much astonished if he could return to this sphere and see the advancement of the study. Some time ago Mr. Philip Laurent suggested that it wouid be a very grateful act for the en- tomologists of America to erect a monument in memory of Thomas Say. We have mentioned this subject before in the News and recalled the fact that the ornithologists of America have erected a monument to Audubon in Central Park, New York. Philadelphia, the birth-place of Say, would
‘be the proper place for such a monument, and it is to be hoped that some day this may be accomplished. It would not be a difficult matter to start a Say monument fund in each of the entomological societies of the coun- try and thus collect the necessary amount. If such a thing were done it would show hew much love and pride entomologists have in the study, and it would also show the world at large that there is an important study known as entomology, and that it has many enthusiastic devotees.
Two PracticaL HInts.—We notice two notes of interest in the ‘“‘ En- tomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation” for Aug. 15, 1894. Mr. F. J. Buckell writes that flies always pester him ‘‘to infuriation,” and that he has found that a liberal sprinkling of Eucalyptus oil on his coat collar and face keeps them away. Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, of Rainham, finds that the use of methylated spirit instead of rum for mixing with sugar when sugaring for insects, greatly increases the attractiveness of the mixture.
46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [February,
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY,
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J.
“Insect Lime.”—More properly this should be ‘‘ insect glue,’’ because the German word is ‘‘leim;’’ but the term ‘‘lime’’ has somehow or other come into quite general use, and will probably be continued. ‘‘ Raupen- leim’’ is a product of Germany, of a jelly-like consistency, very dark brown in color, with a flavor of carbolic acid in the smell, and is supposed to retain its sticky qualities when exposed to the air, rain, etc., for a period of from two to three months or more. It is used principally to trap in- sects that crawl up and down the trunks of trees, and its usefulness for that purpose has been demonstrated. It replaces effectually all those devices like tin collars or troughs used for trapping canker worms, and all bands of cotton, paper, or other material wherever they have been recommended. In our own country this material has not been used to any extent except in Massachusetts by the Gipsy Moth Commission, who have found it useful within limits in their work against the Gipsy moth. It is probable that after a time this substance, or some substitute for it, will come into more general use in this country, and if some little modifi- cation can be made in it which renders it somewhat more fluid, so that it can be put on with a brush hke thick paint, its field will probably be a large one. One of the most difficult classes of insects to deal with are borers, whatever the order to which they may belong. It is rarely that we are able to reach the insects themselves in their burrows, and usually ‘we can only protect our trees by covering them with some substance that is either repellant or forms a mechanical coating. In repellants I have no faith whatever, unless the odor is absolutely poisonous, and then the effect is not due to the odor, but to the poisonous action. Mechanical coatings have been used with more or less success; but they have rarely ‘been complete enough to answer every purpose, and have in most cases labored under the disadvantage of not being persistent in character and requiring renewal at,short intervals. Lime in some form has been very largely used, and where the coating was properly kept up with very good success. At the base of trees, like peach trees for instance, newspapers and other similar coverings have been used, and in some orchards I have seen wire mosquito netting used to protect the trunks of the trees from ° the insects. In this case the object was to keep the adults from getting at the trunk, so that they could not lay their eggs. In the other case there was nothing to prevent the laying of eggs; but the lime, which is often poisoned, would form a sufficient barrier against the very young larve; yet all these substances have not been quite satisfactory. The thing that is required or needed, is a substance that is easy of application, that can be put on so as to form an absolutely impenetrable coating, that will re- tain its properties for at least a month, and that will not be injurious to_
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47
the tree. An additional advantage that it should possess, is cheapness.
Now, “‘insect lime’”’ possess some of those advantages, and may perhaps be modified, so that it may possess all of them. It has been proved by use in Germany to be absolutely harmless to plants, and I am informed that the trunk of a moderately large growing tree may be entirely coated with this substance without in any way endangering the tree itself. The outer bark in large trees possesses no functions necessary for the con- tinued growth or development of the tree, and covering with any viscid substance which is not poisonous would not injuriously influence its growth.
The line of insects against which such an application could be used is large; for instance, all peach trees could be protected against the attacks of the borer. It would not only prevent the moth from laying its eggs, but if she alighted on the trunk covered by this “lime’”’ the chances. are that she would be caught and remain sticking to it. Apple trees could be protected against the Saferda in much the same way. Pear trees could be protected against the attacks of Scolytus, and of course other trees as well where they are subject to the attacks of these insects. A coating put on early ir the Spring before the leaves start would absolutely prevent the emergence of any insects in the bark on the trunk, would prevent the hatching of any eggs, and would prevent all insects lying dormant in the crevices from making their way out. This would be an especially useful thing in the case of the Pear Psylla for instance, that hibernates in the crevices of the bark on the trunks of pear trees, and if the application was made early enough to inclose the insects and prevent them from coming out injury for the balance of the season need not be feared. In fact, the number of uses to which a substance of this kind could be put is very great, and the suggestion is made here in order to induce entomologists, as well as farmers and horticulturists, to test this substance during the ensuing season. The American agents for the ‘‘in- sect lime’’ are Wm. Menzel & Son, 64 Broad St., New York City, N. Y.
Notes and News.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL eee FERS OF THE GLOBE.
[The Conductors of ENroMOLoGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to makeit necessary to put “‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Enp.
_ DurING my weekly vacation this year I went to Cumberland, the northern part of the State, and got about one hundred specimens, mostly
48 -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Lepidoptera. In luring I did not catch much, except Catocalz, the smallest Noctuide did not seem to be represented at all. I think the electric lights have diminished insects to a great extent; before we had — them round us I could find Cecrofia cocoons in my yard, and for the past year or two I have not found them nearer than a mile and a half of the city limits. The Azisota senatoria used to be very destructive to shrub oaks round here, but this year I could not find but one or two trees that had been eaten by them. In walking to my place of business | always look under the electric lights, but very seldom find anything worth picking up.—Epwarp D. Kertu, Providence, R. I.
TARDINESS OF IMAGINES from first brood reared north and emergence of second brood of pupz in Autumn. Of a lot of Smerinthus geminatus bred from ova, Aug. 3, 1894, which transformed within four weeks, a large number imagines appeared, fully eighty per cent., between September 18th and 29th. Of a number of collected larvze of Paonias myops, second brood also, which pupated last week of August, several of the perfect insects emerged during latter half of September. Usually, these are ex- ceptions to the general rule. Stranger behavior occurred among Cerafo- mia catalpe. Larve collected south, raised here, which pupated between June 12 and 19, 1894, with the exception of tWo or three imagines, refused to come out. An equal number of larve bred from the very same lot of first brood down south, which pupated same time, and were shipped north, almost the entire number emerged before July 20th. Perhaps a four-days’ travel in the mail-bag, during a heated term, hastened matters.
Dr. R. E. KUNZE.
Do Insects PLay ?—Under the title ‘‘ The habit of amusement in the lower animals,’’ Mr. James Weir, Jr., in ‘‘The American Naturalist’’ for October last, brings together a number of observations which he con- siders as bearing upon the thesis that certain of the lower animals play. The insect instances advanced are: first, the dancing in swarms of certain midgets. He does not consider these swarms as mating swarms, since on numerous occasions and at different seasons of the year, he has exam- ined dozens and found them all to be uniinpregnated females; he never discovered a male among them. Further, he refers to the observations of certain naturalists upon ants, showing that when these insects assemble upon the surface of their nests, they sometimes behave in a way which can only be explained as a simulation of festival sports or other games. He has also observed a flea play what he considered to be a practical” joke upon an individual of the same species, and he has also seen certain female Coccinellids indulge in ‘‘true psychical amusement.” There is room for additional observations in this interesting field, but it is one in which the observer is very apt to jump to unjustified conclusions.
On Ant Stincs.—Mr. Herbert H. Smith, in an interesting letter re- cently received, writes as follows concerning the stings of S. American
ants:
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49
** Among the worst of stinging insects are ants; the large Poneras (or Monopera ?) sting worse than a hornet. My wife was once stung by a dozen orso. She had fever in consequence and was kept awake for a whole night. The Mundurucu Indians of the river Tapajos have a unique test which, as is well attested, young men endure before they take a wife. They fill basket-work bags with the Ponera ants and thrust their arms in them to the shoulder. Sometimes with the bags tied on their arms they dance through the village. After the test the man throws himself in a stream, remaining there for hours, but this does not prevent fever. The foraging ants (#cifom) sting painfully and attack everything in their way. The little ‘‘ fire-ants’”’ (Zyrmica), to my knowledge, have sometimes de- populated villages; for instance, the village of Aveyros on the Tapajos, now re-peopled. This village, which I saw, was one vast nest of the ants. A single sting is insignificant, but when a thousand ants attack you at once, the matter becomes formidable. The /azxi tree of the Amazon takes its name from a little ant always found on it, which, for its size (about one-fourth inch long), is the most terrible insect I know of; the sting is like a red hot needle. I do not know the genus.”
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
Entomological Literature.
1. La NATURALEZA, ii, 5. Mexico, 1893. [Received Dec. 17, 1894. ] —A new species of Lecanium from Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell.
2. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History. London, December, 1894.—The dates of Moore’s ‘Lepidoptera Indica,” C. D. Sherborn.
3. THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN Soctety or New SoutH WALES (2), viii, 4. Sydney, June 5, 1894.—A second note on the Caren- ides, with descriptions of new species, T. G. Sloane. Note on the oc- currence of cerya egyptiacum Dougl. in New South Wales, W. W. Froggatt—ix, 1, Sept. 4, 1894. On the nests and habits of Australian Vespidz and Prrides: W. W. Froggatt. On the life-histories of Australian Coleoptera—ii, id. Note on the discovery of a destructive Floridian Coccid (Icerya rose Riley and Howard) near Sydney, W. W. F roggatt.
4. SITZUNGSBERICHTE DER KAls. AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN. Math.—Naturwiss. Classe. cii, 10, Abt. i, Vienna, December, 1893. [Re-
2*
50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
ceived Dec. 17, 1894 ]—Monograph of the digging wasps allied to Mysson and Bembex, A. Handlirsch, 7 pls.—ciii, 1-3, Abt. i, January-March, 1894. The copulatory feet of the Polydesmide, C. Attems, 4 pls.; ciii, 1-4, Abt. iii, January-April, 1894. Researches on the physiology of facetted eyes, A. Kiesel, figs., 1 pl.
5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEBRASKA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, iv, pp. 16-22. [Lincoln], 1894.--A list of Nebraska butterflies, H. G. Barber.
6. ATTI DEL R. INSTITUTO VENETO DI SCIENZE, LETTERE ED ARTI, li, 7. Venice, June 18, 1893. [Received Dec. 17, 1894.]—Description of and proposals for combatting Diaspis pentagona Targ. Tozz., G. Cane- strini, P. A. Saccardo and A. Keller.
7. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1894, pt. iv, December, 1894.—A monograph of British Braconide, pt. v, Rev. T. A. Marshall, 2 pls. Catalogue of the Pterophoridz, Tortricidz and Tineidz of the Madeira Islands, with notes and descriptions of new species, Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham. Palzarctic Nemoure, K. J. Morton, 2 pls. Supplementary notes on the Scolytide of Japan, with a list of species, W. F. H. Blandford. Some remarks on the antenne of insects, C. O. Waterhouse.
8. Le NATURALISTE. Paris, Dec. 1, 1894.—The nymph of Batocera rubus, L. Planet.
g. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, Ixii, I. Paris, July 31, 1893. [This and other parts received Dec. 18, 1894. ]—Re- vision of the species of the genus Phlewophthorus Woll. and description of a new genus of Scolytidz, F. Guillebeau. Note on some ants of the Galapagos Islands, C. Emery, fig. Remarks on Bembex, P. Marchal. Note on the production of sounds by ants and on the organs which pro-. duce them, C. Janet. Note on larve of Dermatobia from Brazil, Dr. R. Blanchard.—2. Oct. 25, 1893. European and circum-Mediterranean Scyd- menide, J. Croissandeau, 2 pls. (cont. in 4e Tri.) Descriptions of new species and genera of the order Aranez, E. Simon (cont. in 3e Tri.). Biological observation on Zimarcha generosa, P. Lesne. Note on the organ called spatula sternalis‘and on the Malpighian tubes of Cecidomyia, A. Giard, figs., [and farther in the volume], Dr. A. Laboulbene, Com- ' parative study of the development of the egg in the viviparous and ovi- parous fleas, Dr. V. Lemoine. A method of destroying hornets, Dr. F. — Heim. Attempts at the destruction of Cossus ligniperda, id. Habits and metamorphoses of Molytes coronatus, J. Fallou. Contributions to the natural history of the larve of Buprestida—the first larva of /ulodis onopordi F., J. K. d’ Herculais, figs. Contributions to the study of para- sitic Diptera, Dr. R. Blanchard, figs. Note on some types of Diptera of . the family Bibionidz, C. Brongniart. On a Coleopterous larva vomited ” by an infant in Senegal, Dr. R. Blanchard, figs.—3. Dec. 30, 1893 (see E. Simon above). Biological observations on the Crabronidz, P. Marchal, 1 p!. Observations on the galls produced on Salix babylonica by Ne-
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53
matus salicis, followed by some reflections on the importance of phe- nomena of cecidiogenesis for biology in general, Dr. F. Heim. On the
. pigmented organ (embryonic testicle) of the caterpillar of Ephestia kueh-
niella, |. Danysz. Some remarkable Hemiptera, A. Giard. A Dipter parasitic on Myriapods of the genus Zithobius, A. Giard. Copulation of Clytus tropicus, F. Decaux. Habits and metamorphoses of Zyda sted/ata, Cryptohypnus riparius, Capt. Xambeu. Fossil Syrphidz of the Tertiary amber, F. Meunier.—4. April 30, 1894 (see Croissandeau above). Note on the fossil Thysanura of the genus Machilis and description of a new species, H. Gadeau de Kerrville, fig. Apparatus for rearing and observing ants and other small animals which live concealed and require a humid atmosphere, C. Janet. Change of instinct in Megachile centuncularis, A. Giard.
10. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, vii, 2. Lille, No- vember, 1894.—Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the last segments of the body of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hem- iptera, A. Peytoureau, figs., 7 pls.
11. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DES SCIENCES HISTORIQUES ET NATU- RELLES DE SEMUR (2), 7, 1894.—The ‘‘nonne’”’ (Psit/ura monacha), de- scription, habits and metamorphoses, invasions, etc., M. de Gail.
12. JAHRESBERICHT DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT GRAU- BUNDENS (N. F.), xxxvii. Chur, 1894.—On the actual origin of formic acid in honey, Dr. A. von Planta.
13. BIBLIOTHECA ZooLoaica, heft.18. Stuttgart, E. Nagele.—Com- parative physiological and anatomical researches on the senses of smell and taste and their organs, with introductory considerations from general comparative physiology of sense, Dr. W. A. Nagel, 7 pis.
14. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE D’AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES ET INDUS- TRIE DE Lyon (7), i, 1894.—Relations between the peculiarities of the cocoons of Bombyx mori, J. Raulin.
15. LEPIDOPTERA INDICA by F. Moore. Pt. xix. London: L. Reeve & Co., 1894 [Received Dec. 24, 1894.]—Contains pp. 161-176 of vol. ii, pls. 139-146 (Elymniinz, Amathusiinz).
16. NaTuRE. London, Nov. 29, 1894.—Indo-Malayan spiders, R. I. Pocock. [Review of T. and M. E. Workman’s “ Malaysian spiders,” Bel- fast, 1894, pts. 1-3. ]—December 6. Origin of classes among the “‘ parasol’”’
__ ants, H, Spencer.—lecember 13. Indo-Malayan spiders, B. A. Muirhead.
The warble fly, W. F. Kirby, figs. [Review of Miss E. A. Ormerod’s “ Observations on Warble Fly or Ox Bot Fly,’’ London, 1894].
17. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Pt. cxviii. London, October, 1894.—Coleoptera: vol. ii, pt. 1, pp. 441-464, pl. xiv, D. Sharp [Adi- meridz, Colydiidz] ; vol. iii, pt. 1, pp. 257-264, G. C. Champion [Ela- teridze] ; vol. vii, pl. xi, H. S. Gorham [Coccinellide]. Lepidoptera- Rhopalocera; vol. ii, pp. 361-376, pl. Ixxxii, F. D. Godman & O. Salvin
52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
[Hesperidze]. Rhynchota-Homoptera, vol. ii, pp. 25-56, pl. ii, W. W. Fowler.
18. COMPTE-RENDU. SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris. Dec. 8, 1894.—Salivary glands of the Apinz ( Apis mellifica J and 3), M. Bordas.
19. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, Dec. 17, 1894.—On the life- history of Chermes abietis L. and C. strobilobius Kalt., N. Cholodkowsky.
20. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisrTory, vi, art. xviii. New York, December, 1894.—On North American moths, with the description of a new species of 7ripfocris, W. Beutenmiiller.
21. ATTI DELLA SOCIETA VENETO TRENTINA DI SCIENZE NATURALS (2), ii, 1. Padua. Dated 1895, received Jan. 1, 1895.—Embryology of the Acari, F. Supino, 3 pls.
22. KONGLIGA SVENSKA VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR (n. s.), xxv, 2. Stockholm, 1893-94.—On the classification and distribution of the palzarctic Collembola, H. Schott, 7 pls.—xxiv, 1891. Scandinavian Neuroptera-Trichoptera, H. D. J. Wallengren. BrHaNnG of the same, xviii, iv, 8, 1893. On the cortical innervation and capillaries of Lepidop- terous larve, E. Holmgren, 1 pl. [all received Dec. 26, 1894. ]
23. CATALOGUS HYMENOPTERORUM hucusque descriptorum systemat- icus et synonymicus Auctore, Dr. C. G. de Dalla Torre. Vol. ix: Vespidze (Diploptera), Lipsiz. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, MDCCCXCIV, 181 pp.
24. SOCIETAS ENTOMOLOGICA. Zurich-Hottingen, Dec. 1, 15, 1894.— Lepidopterological notes from America, H. Ficke. Otiorhynchus ovatus L. in North America, H. J. Wickham (= H. F. Wickham!). Carpocapsa saltitans from Mexico, M. R[uhl].
25. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION OF STATEN ISLAND, iv, 12. New Brighton, Dec. 8, 1894.—Two additions to the local list of dragonflies, W. T. Davis.
26. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., December, 1894. —Some Psychodide from Long Island, N. Y., N. Banks. A new Peri- copid and some new Zygzenidz from Cuba, B. Neumoegen. Some little- known species of Oeneis, H. J. Elwes. The Coleoptera of Canada—vi, H. F. Wickham, figs. A new Attid from Jamaica, T. D. A. Cockerell. Entomological notes, C. H. Fernald. List of the dragonflies of Corunna, Mich., D. S. Kellicott. Notes on Alypia mariposa, J. B. Lembert. , Notes on Quebec Coleoptera, A. W. Hanham. On the geographical dis- tribution of some common scale insects, L. O. Howard. Staphylinus c@sareus Cederh. and 5S. erythropterus L. in Canada, W. H. Harrington. —January, 1895. The genera in the Noctuide, A. R. Grote. The Amer- ican species of Perineura, A. D. Macgillivray. Coleoptera of Lake Worth, Florida, Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Genitalic classification, Rev. G. D. Hulst. Notes on Cavama and other Megalopygide, H. G. Dyar. Ona new scale insect found on plum, T. D. A. Cockerell. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera, C. P. Baker.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53
27. Psycue. Cambridge, Mass., January, 1895.—On the Rhopalo- meride, S. W. Williston. A Psyllid leaf-gall on Ce/tis, probably Pa- chypsylla ceitidis-pubescens Riley, C. H. T. Townsend. Phthiria sul- phurea Loew, T. D. A. Cockerell. Life-history of Clisiocampa fragilis Stretch., H. G. Dyar. Uncertainty of the duration of any stage in the lif@history of moths, C. G. Soule.
28. THE Entromotocist’s REcoRD. London, Dec. 15, 1894.—The life-history of a Lepidopterous insect, etc., chap. iii: Parthenogenesis or Agamogenesis, J. W. Tutt.
29. THE CEcROPIAN. Milton, Mass., December, 1894. Entomological contrivances, S. N. Dunning, W. L. W. Field, M. L. Barner.—January, 1895. A list of the Lepidoptera-Heterocera of Bridgewater and Brock- ton, Mass., W. L. Tower.
30. AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNINGWORK.—A Natural His- tory of the Orbweaving Spiders of the United States with speci@} regard to their industry and habits. By Henry C. McCook, D.D. Vol. iii. With descriptions of orbweaving species and plates (dated Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, A. D. 1893, on the title page, but the preface bears date of july 3, 1894, while the volume was received by the Academy Dec. 17, 1894). With this third volume Dr. McCook completes this book on the American spiders, of which the first volume appeared in 1889, the second in 1890. The work, the autlior tells us, has engaged his thoughts for more than twenty years, and he naturally expresses his pro- found satisfaction on having completed it. The News takes great pleas- ure in congratulating him on this happy termination of his labors. The third volume comprises 406 pages and thirty plates. Of the text, 131 pages and 98 figures therein treat of general habits, biological miscellany and anatomical nomenclature, while the remainder is occupied by de- scriptions of genera and species. The plates contain both plain and col- ored illustrations of this latter part of the text.
31. GARDEN AND Forest. New York, Jan. 2, 995: The chestnut weevil, R. A. S., Ed. [C. S. Sargent].
32. TRAVAUX DELA SOCIETE DES NATURALISTES DE ST.-PETERSBOURG.
Section de Zoologie et de Physiologie, xxiv, 2, 1894.—The embryonic development of Zxrodes calcaratus Bir., J. Wagner, 4 pls. _ 33. BULLETIN DE L’ACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES DE St.-PE- TERSBOURG. (N. S. iv), xxxvi, 1-11, December, 1893.—Synoptic revision of the Meloide of the genus Aidbas Fisch., A. Semenoff.—12-22. March, 1894. Experimental studies on the iyuiphatic glands of inverte- brates, A. Kowalevsky. [Both received Jan. 7, 1895].
34. SCIENCE. New series, vol. i, No. 1. New York, Jan. 4, 1895.— The need of a change of base in the study of North American Orthoptera, S. H. Scudder.
35. MITTHEILUNGEN AUS DEM NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREIN FUR NEU-VORPOMMERN UND RUGEN IN GREIFSWALD, xxv. Berlin, 1894.
54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
—On new and little-known Neuroptera of the family Megaloptera Burm., Dr. A. Gerstaecker.
36. THE BritisH NATURALIST. London, Dec. 15, 1894.—Some curious aquatic larve, G. Swainson, 1 pl. A catalogue of Irish Coleoptera, Rev. W. F. Johnson. Synonymic list of the genera of the British Araneida, Rev. F. O. Pickard-Cambridge. ©
37. FEUILLE DES JEUNES NATURALISTES. Paris, Jan. 1, 1895.—Re- sistance of Zygzenids to cyanide of potassium. A dipterous parasite of Orthoptera, C. Marchal. Libellulz and ants, P. Zurcher.
38. ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER. Jena, Dec. 19, 1894-—Spermatogene- sis of Caloptenus femur-rubrum, E. V. Wilcox.
39. ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER, Viii, 2. Jena, Dec. 10, 1894.—On the structure and development of the endosternite of the Arachnida, W. Schimkewitsch, 2 pls. =
40. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- DELPHIA, 1894, pp. 419-420.—A supplementary note to Mr. Johnson’s list of Jamaican Diptera, T. D. A. Cockerell.
41. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, 1894, pp. 375- 392.—Observations and experiments on the means of protection of Abraxas grossulariata L., F. Plateau, figs.
42. LEITFADEN FUR DAS STUDIUM DER INSEKTEN und Entomologische Unterrichtstafeln. Von Dr. G. Rérig. Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 1894, 43 pp., 8 pls.
43. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REporT of the Entomological Society of Ontario. Toronto, 1894.—Insects collected in Bermuda during the Winter of 1894, G. Geddes. Common names for butterflies—shall we have them?, H. H. Lyman. The butterflies of the eastern provinces of Canada, Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, figs. The pitcher plant moth (Z2yra Rolandiana Grt.), J. Fletcher. Catastega aceriella Clemens, Semasia signatana Clemens, Rev. T. W. Fyles. Notes on a few Canadian Coleoptera, W. H. Har- rington, fig. Food, feeders and fed, Rev. T.W. Fyles, figs. An attack of Ephestia interpunctella, H. A. Stevenson. The economic value of parasitism, F. M. Webster, figs. A re-appearance of Pieris protodice
Boisd., J. A. Moffat. Remarks on the structure of the undeveloped wings of the ‘Saturniidz, id. Bordeaux mixture as a deterrent against flea bee- tles, L. R. Jones. The gypsy moth (Ocneria dispar L.), J. Fletcher, figs. The San José (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock), id., figs. Injurious fruit insects of the year 1894, id., figs. (Some of the papers read at the sixth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Eales already recorded in the News, are here reprinted).
44. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, iii, 2, Jan. 8, 1895.—Additions to the lists of North American termitophi- lous and myrmecophilous Coleoptera, E. A. Schwarz. Neuration of the wings of the Tenthredinidz, C. L. Marlatt, figs. Notes upon Be/ostoma
_.
ao Fae a al
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55
and Benacus, C. V. Riley, figs. The eggs of Ceresa bubalus Fab. and those of C. ¢aurina Fitch, id., figs. On the habits of some Longicorns, F. H. Chittenden. Note on the mouth parts of Stexopelmatus, L. O. Howard. Note on the discovery of a new Scolytid, with brief description of the species, A. D. Hopkins. Notes on food habits of Corthylus punc- tatissimus, id. Annual address of the President—Longevity in insects, with some unpublished facts concerning Cicada septendecim, C. V. Riley.
45. BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, XXxvili, 3-4, January, 1894.—Monographic contributions to the beetle-fauna of Central America, A. F. Nonfried. Contributions to the classification of the Muscide, E, Girschner, figs. (n some palzarctic Chilopoda, C. Verhoeff, figs. The history of the so-called breast-bone of the Cecidomyias with a recollec- tion of Carl Ernst von Baer, C. R. Osten Sacken. Two critical remarks about the recently published third part of the Muscarta schizometopa of MM. Brauer and Bergenstamm; also a notice on Robineau-Desvoidy, id. —xxxix, 1. May, 1894. The extra-European Sciaras of the Konigl. Museum fiir Naturkunde in Berlin, E. H. Rtibsaamen, figs., 3 pls. On the atavic index-characters with some remarks about the classification of the Diptera, C. R. Osten Sacken. Dipterological studies—i. Scatomyzide, T. Becker, 6 pls.—xxxix, 2. July, 1894. On Australian Zoocecidze and their producers, E. H. Riibsaamen, 7 pls. Synonymica about Tipulide, C. R. Osten Sacken.—xxxix, 3. October, 1894. The ants of Rio Grande do Sul, Dr. H. von Jhering, figs., 1 pl. [All the above numbers of this Zeitschrift received Jan. 10, 1895 !].
46. THE NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. London, January, 1895.—Pupa_ hunting, H. G. Knaggs. <Adraxas grossulariata and its varieties, S. L. Mosley, figs. Furniture beetles, id., figs. Some underground beetles, Rev. T. Wood.
47. THE ENTomoLocist. London, January, 1895.—The pigments of the Pieridz: a contribution to the study of excretory substances which function in ornament, F. G. Hopkins.
48. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, January, 1895.— Caustic potash as an entomological detergent, W. F. H. Blandford. Re- laxing insects without aqueous vapor, H. G. Knaggs. Vesperoctenus Bates, and its systematic position, C. J. Gahan.
49. KRITISCHES VERZEICHNISS der-Myrmecophilen u. Termitophilen Arthropoden * * * yon E. Wasmann S. J. Berlin, Felix L. Dames, 1894. Under this title Dr. Wasmann, the greatest living writer on the subject, has given an annotated catalogue of all the known species of Arthropods which he considers as properly coming under the head of myrmecophiles and termitophiles, after eliminating the element of accidental or simply occasional visitors which have made a respectable percentage of most foregoing lists.
_ After a short introduction treating of the general subject and its proper study, the author gives a table of the number of species in the various
56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {February,
groups of Arthropods mentioned in the body of the work. From this table we learn that the entire number of myrmecophilous insects recorded from the globe, and including several which, while not actually known to have this habit, are placed here on account of structural peculiarities which indicate as much, reaches 1177. Of these 993 are Coleoptera, the best represented families counting up as follows: Staphylinidz, 263; Paussidz, 169; Histeridz, 128; Pselaphidz, 113; Clavigeridze, 89. Thirty families of beetles are mentioned as more or less certainly myrmecophi- lous, and several of them contain from 15 to 40 species, each of which live with ants. The Strepsiptera, which American writers have usually treated as Coleoptera, furnish one species taken from the hind-body ona Ceylonese ant.
The Hymenoptera furnish 38 myrmecophiles, of which 22 are ants, and 14 belong to the parasitic families Braconidz, Chalcididze and Proctotru- pide. The Lepidoptera have 26 members here; the Diptera 18, the Or- thoptera 7, the Pseudoneuroptera 1, the Rhynchota 72, the Thysanura 20. Myriapoda are considered doubtfully included, or more likely simply ac- cidental or inimical visitors. There are 26 spiders and 34 Acarina. The Crustacea (Isopoda) have 9g representatives.
The termitophiles are much less numerous, reaching the number of 105, divided thus: Coleoptera, 87 (of which 5 are Carabidz, 59 Staphyl- inidee, 5 Pselaphidz, 1 Silphid, 1 Lathridiid, 7 Histeridz, 6 Scarabzeide, the Curculionidze and Chrysomelidz being doubtful), Hymenoptera 6, Lepidoptera 2, Diptera 2 (doubtful), Orthoptera doubtful, Pseudoneurop- tera 4, Rhynchota 3, Thysanura 1. The Arachnoidea have four species.
After this tabulated statement comes a bibliography of the subject num- bering over 500 titles of greater or less importance, interspersed with critical notes on their value. Next follows the catalogue proper, a list of species classified first into families which are then divided into myrme- cophilous or termitophilous species. In each case a reference or note shows whence the information is derived, and where other attention is needed it is given. A supplement of 1g pages contains descriptions of new species, among them a number of North American forms. The whole is well indexed and forms a work which will forever reflect credit on its author and must form an essential part of the library of the student of this fascinating branch of Entomology.—H. F. WicKHAM.
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Kiesel 4, Waterhouse 7, Nagel 13, Kowalevsky 33, Rérig 42, Geddes 43,
Fyles 43, Webster 43, Fletcher 43, Riley 44, Blandford 48, Knaggs 48, Wasmann 49*.
‘£895. ] . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57
ARACHNIDA. Simon 9*, Pocock 16, Muirhead 16, Supino 21, Cockerell 26*, McCook 30, Wagner 32, Pickard-Cambridge 36, Schimkewitsch 39.
£ MYRIAPODA. Diigos 4, Giard 9, Verhoeff 45.
THYSANURA. Gadeau de Kerville 9, Schott 22.
ORTHOPTERA. Scudder 34, Marchal 37, Wilcox 38, Howard 44.
NEUROPTERA. Morton 7, Wallengren 22, Davis 25, Kellicott 26, Gerstaecker 35*, Swainson 36, Zurcher, 37.
HEMIPTERA. Cockerell 1*, 26*, Froggatt 3 (two), Canestrini, Saccardo and Keller 6, Giard 9, Peytoureau 10, Fowler 17*, Dalla Torre 23, Howard 26, Towns- end 27, Cholodkowsky 19, Fletcher 43, Riley 44 (three).
COLEOPTERA.
Sloane 3, Froggatt 3, Blandford 7, Planet 8, Guillebeau 9, Lesne 9, Fallou 9, Croissandeau 9g, d’Herculais 9, Blanchard 9, Decaux 9, Xambeu 9, Peytoureau 10, Sharp 17*, Champion 17*, Gorham 17, Wickham 24, 26, Hanham 26, Harrington 26, 43, R. A. S. 31, C. S. Sargent 31, Semenoff 33, Johnson 36, Slosson 26, Jones 43, Schwarz 44, Chittenden 44, Hopkins 44* (two), Nonfried 45*, Mosley 46, Wood 46, Gehan 48.
DIPTERA.
Blanchard 9 (two), Giard 9 (two), Laboulbene 9, Lemoine 9, Brongniart 9g, Meunier 9, Kirby 16, Banks 26*, Williston 27*, Cockerell 27, Marchal 37, Cockerell 40, Baker 26, Girschner 45, Osten Sacken 45 (four), Riib- saamen 45, Becker 45.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Sherborn 2, Barber 5, Walsingham 7, Heim 9, Danysz 9, Peytoureau 10, de Gail 11, Raulin 14, Moore 15, Godman & Salvin 17*, Beutenmiiller 20*, Holmgren 22, Ficke 24, Ruhl 24, Neumoegen 26*, Elwes 26, Fernald 26, Lembert 26, Grote 26, Dyar 26, 27, Soule 27, Tutt 28, Tower 29, Hulst 26, Plateau 41, Lyman 43, Bethune 43, Fletcher 43 (two), Fyles 43, Ste- venson 43, Moffat 43 (two), Knaggs 46, Mosley 46, Hopkins 47.
HYMENOPTERA. Froggatt 3, Handlirsch 4*, Marshall 7, Emery 9, Heim 9g (two), Marchal 9 (two), Janet 9 (two), Giard 9, von Planta 12, Spencer 16, Bordas 18, Dalla Torre 23, Zurcher 37, Macgillivray 26*, Marlatt 44, Rtibsaamen 45, Jhering 45.
58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Doings of Societies.
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 8, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Secial was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1509 S. Thirteenth Street. Members present: Messrs. Laurent, Haimbach, Boerner, Seeber, Hoyer, E. Wenzel, Trescher, Fox, Dr. Castle, Johnson, H. W. Wenzel and Schmitz, Hon- orary member: Dr. Henry Skinner. Meeting called to order at 8.50 p.m. President Laurent presiding. The annual reports of the Secretary and Treasurer were read and approved, following which the President, Mr. Philip Laurent, delivered the annual address, reviewing the history of the Social since its organization, and, upon motion of Dr. Skinner, seconded by Mr. Fox, the same was ordered to be incorporated in the minutes.
THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. The Past, Present and Future of the Feldman Collecting Social.—Look-
ing backwards some six or seven years I see before me a number of gen- tlemen gathered together in the entomological den of our host, Mr. Henry Wenzel. What are they here for? What are they doing? What could have induced these men with comfortable homes to venture out such a night as this? They have met to form an entomological club, or more strictly speaking a social. They are discussing rules and laws to govern the same, and the selection of a suitable name by which the club shall be known. What brought them together? love of companionship and the advancement of their entomological studies, nothing more, nothing less. No doubt all those present this evening, who took part in the first meet- ing had their doubts as to the success of the venture, doubts which have vanished long before this. At the time the Social was formed some thought it rather strange that another entomological society should be formed in a city wherein there was already such a society in existence whose reputation for its collections, library and Jabor in the field of ento- mology was known throughout the world. The fact was, that many of those attending the meetings of the American Entomological Society, many of whom were members of the said society, did not find the social feature represented there to any great extent, and it is perhaps well that it should be so, otherwise in time the social feature might eventually rule the meetings, which would certainly bring about a deplorable state of affairs. The fact is, the rooms of the American Entomological Society are for work, while the rooms of the Feldman Collecting Social are for social intercourse and pleasure, at least this is the case on the second Tuesday of each month, while it is true that during the rest of the month
considerable entomological work is done, especially by our host, Mr.
Wenzel. . One year after the organization of the Social there was found to be no
decrease in the membership, in fact there never has been any. During
the second year two of the members resigned from the Sccial, but their
4 4
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59
_ places were immediately filled by some of those waiting for an opening.
The membership has since grown, so has the interest in the Social, and I might add the interest in entomology, for no doubt social intercourse among entomologists helps to stimulate to greater effort in unraveling entomological problems.
We are now about seven years old, and the present time finds no abate; ment of the interest in the Social’s affairs; several new members have been recently added, and at the present rate of increase it will soon be necessary to hang out the sign—‘‘ standing room only.”’ Another feature of the present time is, that the minutes of our meeting are thought of sufficient importance to warrant the editors of the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEwsS.- publishing them in their journal under the head of ‘‘ Doings of Societies.” Up to the present, good health, so essential to hard work in the field, has. been enjoyed by the majority of the members; our collections have in- creased wonderfully and many rare species have been added. But, as to the future, who can tell? As far as indications go, the outlook could not be brighter. Prosperity has been ours since the Social started; what is to. hinder its continuing? Our treasury is somewhat different from that of the U. S. it is true, ours. being full, while its is comparatively empty. Various trips have been mapped out for the coming season, in anticipation of which we are looking into the future with much pleasure. That the Social may prosper in every way and have a long and profitable life is the wish of your retiring President, Philip Laurent.
Mr. Boerner exhibited two boxes of Coleoptera, being his re-arranged collection of water beetles. He stated that out of 108 species represented, 82 were found in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Mr. Seeber exhibited a number of cocoons taken from the trunk of a palm which were evidently made by the larvz of a weevil, as a dead imago was found in one of them. He received them from Mr. Louis Schneider, of Philadelphia. Dr. Skinner stated that there appeared some uncertainty among entomolo- gists in reference to the manner of marking the data on mounted speci- mens. Some mark the month first and some the day. He therefore suggested, as a remedy, to first mark the month in Roman numerals followed by the day of the month in Arabic.
On the invitation of Dr. Skinner, it was moved by Mr. H. W. Wenzel that the next meeting be held at the Doctor’s residence, Tuesday, Feb- ruary 12th, and the Secretary be instructed to notify the members of the place of meeting several days previous.
The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows, by a unanimous vote :
, President.—Mr. JAMES H. BLAND. Vice-President.—Dr. Davip M. Cast Le. Treasurer.—Mr. H. W. WENZEL. Secretary.—Mr. THEo. H. Scumirz.
‘No further business being presented the members adjourned to the
_ annex to their annual banquet. THEO. H. SCHMITZ.
60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, N. M. Agr. Exp. Station,
Spherophthalma prunotincta n. sp.—2 14 mm. long; of the general build of sumichrasti, but the thorax somewhat longer and the head de- cidedly smaller. The coloration of the thorax resembles that of sum7- chrasti, but the black triangle has its base about the hind margin (instead of the front margin) of the prothorax. The second segment of the abdo- nien differs totally from that of swmichrasti, being a dull plum-color, with two yellowish spots. Color dark pinkish brown, with black and pale yel- lowish or cream-colored pubescence. Head covered with pale yellowish hairs as in sumichrasti, eyes lashed with long black hairs. Antennz black, scape covered with pale hairs. Dorsum of thorax covered with yellowish hairs, except a large mid-dorsal heart-shaped patch (or, one might say, rounded triangle), with its base as above mentioned, and its apex on the upper part of the metathorax. Abdomen elongate pyriform; first segment broadened and sessile, its suture with the second somewhat constricted. Second segment above strongly reticulate, pinkish brown, with rather sparse, erect hairs, a median patch of appressed black hairs, with a round patch of appressed cream-colored hairs on each side of it, and a fringe of cream-colored hairs bordered above by blackish. The third segment has a similar fringe of creamy-yellow hairs, but its exposed dorsal surface is also covered by such hairs. The remaining segments show the yellowish fringe to the sides, but their dorsal surface is covered by a large black blotch; underside of abdomen with long yellowish hairs. On the second segment the yellowish fringe intrudes mid-dorsally into the blackish area, giving the appearance of a yellowish spot, which forms an equilateral triangle with the two yellowish dorsal spots. Legs pinkish brown, with the joints and the spines black; the large spines at the apex of each tibia are very distinctly serrate on their inner margin,—a character also noticed in sumichrasti, occidentalis, dugesii and orcus; while mega- cantha is of a different type, having the spines of the posterior tibize very feebly serrate, those of the middle ones ‘not serrate, and those of the anterior ones serrate spiny on both sides.
The coloration of the abdomen in Arunotincia is peculiar. The
dark plum-colored tint is wholly due to the dermis, all the hairs being either black or yellowish. The black patch, which in samii-
3
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 61
chrasti covers the whole of the dorsum of the third segment, is in prunotincta shifted backwards, so as to have its upper margin on the fourth segment.
In sumichrasti the yellow bordering the second segment be- comes deeper, almost orange, intone, and much greater in extent; while the small intrusion into the black mentioned in prunotincta becomes in sumichrasti a large, clean-cut notch in the black mid- dorsum of the segment. Here again we see the markings of sumichrasti shifted backward in prunotincta, and the same is the case as above explained, also on the thorax.
Comparing dugesiz, prunotincta and sumichrasti, one sees that in spite of great superficial differences of color they are nearly related ; and on further reflection, there appear good reasons for regarding dugesii as furthest from, and prunotincta nearest to their common ancestor. It may not be out of place to dwell a little on this phase of the subject, and so depart from the usual dry detail of descriptive entomology !
In prunotincta and sumichrasti we find yellow hairs, but none scarlet. In dugesiz beautiful pinkish scarlet hairs appear on the abdomen, while in the little heferchroa they have extended to the head and thorax. In all groups of animals, it is recognized that yellow and yellow colors are intimately related, and that red is a later product of metabolism than yellow; thus red forms vary to yellow, but not yellow to red, except in the form of gradual red suffusion. Red varying suddenly to yellow is regarded as ata- vism; thus, for example, the red Lopzdea media has a yellow variety, vobinie Uhler, which we hold to be either ancestral or atavistic in its nature.
It follows, therefore, that we have presumptive evidence for regarding sumichrasti as an older type than dugesiz, and dugesii as older than heferchroa. On examining the maculation we find, as above stated, that the markings of sumichrasti are thrown about a segment backwards in prunotincta. But in dugesiz, compared with swmichrasti, they appear to be slightly thrown forwards, so that, for example, the black spot of the apical half of the abdomen intrudes on the second segment, and the black proper to the second segment is pushed to its base. Consequently, as sumichrasti falls, in regard to its maculation, between dugesiz and prunotincta, and as we have held dugesiz to be a later type
62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
than sumichrastz, there seems a reasonable probability that prano- tincta is an older typé than either.
At this point the little Mexican .S. avachnoides becomes interest- ing. Colored black and yellow, like sumichrasti, its markings are nevertheless thrown back in the manner of prunotineta.
Thus we get a series of types, from the oldest to the newest, in prunotincta, arachnoides, sumichrasti, dugesii, heterochroa. This series is Mexican in its distribution, but extends northward (in heterochroa) to the region of the Organ Mountains in N. Mexico.
The unique type of prunotincta is from Guanajuato, Mex., found by Dr. A. Duges.
Spherophthalma myrmicoides n. sp.—Q about 4 mm. long, rufous, sparsely hairy. Head subcircular, its angles rounded, a little wider than thorax, strongly punctate; very sparingly pubescent with yellowish white hairs, which do not interfere with its general color, and are not visible without a lens. Flagellum blackish; mandibles large, with blackish ends, denticle blunt; the thorax, as seen from above, is shaped like the helmet of the British grenadier—that is to say, it is rounded and somewhat swol- Jen anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly, without any marked constriction, and finally truncate at the rim of the rapidly descending metathorax; seen from the side, the thorax presents a triangle, the base of which is its inferior surface; in this triangle the anterior side is greater than the poste- rior (metathoracic) side, which it meets at an angle only slightly greater than a right angle. The surface of the thorax is strongly rugose-punctate; and the pale hairs, most numerous and longest on the metathorax, are so scanty as not to obscure the rufous color of the dermis. Legs yellowish, with the femora and tibi# blackish, except at their ends. Abdomen elongate pyriform, shining rufous, distinctly punctate, sparsely covered with pale hairs above and below; last three segments almost black. First segment large, much broadened and sessile with the second, the suture between them inconspicuous.
Hab.—Columbus, Texas (H. F. Wickham). One specimen.
In color and general build, it reminds one of ferrugata, but is smaller than the smallest of that size-varying species, besides having the first segment of the abdomen different. S. Aygmea, from Blake’s description, might closely resemble it; but I have regarded another specimen, from Las Cruces, N. Mex., as re- ferable to Aygmea. This latter, which has the white fringe on the abdominal segments very distinct (whereas it is extremely inconspicuous in myrmicordes), at least agrees better with pygmea than the present form, though it may quite possibly be distinct
; ws. 6 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3
and undescribed. .S. frig?da Smith, by the description, also seems similar, but I think is clearly distinct.
It is curious that from the same locality (Columbus, Texas), as well as from Morgan County, La., Mr. Wickham sends a small
_ Mutilla which presents a close superficial resemblance to .S. myr-
micoides. This, which appears to be certainly AZ, puteola Bl., will be distinguished by the shape of the eyes and somewhat larger size, as well as the parallel-sided thorax and other charac- ters which appear on minute examination.
[This species is closely related to pygmea, differing by the want of white pubescence on the apical abdominal segments.— W.j. FF.)
-Spherophthalma quadriguttata Say, var. digut/afa sp. nov.—The two anterior spots of the second abdominal segment absent.
havea ? from Columbus, Texas (Wickham). The remain- ing posterior spots are somewhat reduced in size, and for this reason rather further apart than in typical gvadriguttata, though not nearly so far apart as in wickhami. This variety, though now first. named, is alluded to by Blake.
The interest of this variety arises from the fact that in color markings, though not in structure, it shows a transition towards wickhami. It remains to be seen whether it occurs in the South only, or extends northwards with the typical form.
_Brachycistis idiotes n. sp.— J shining chestnut-brown, head, legs and antennz concolorous; wings hyaline, with a slight yellow tinge, venation fuscous, stigma shining, very dark brown. Length of anterior wing 15 mm.; of first abdominal segment 3% mm. Antennz long, as usual in the genus, first joint of flagellum about as long as second. Ocelli large, not situated on any black patch. Punctures of thorax distinct, but scat- tered, not numerous. Legs with pale long hairs, tibial spurs very long and slender, the longest one on the hind leg being about half as long as the first joint of tarsus. First abdominal segmens with erect pale hairs; its shape elongate, narrow, but slightly constricted at its junction with second. Second segment above not punctate. Wings ample, stigma
_ a little over 2 mm. long, marginal cell just 2 mm. long, moderately nar- _ fow, terminally obliquely truncate, appendiculate. First submarginal
_ longer than stigma; second triangular, about as long as marginal, its _ distal lower angle a right angle; third irregularly quadrate, narrowed
_ above. First recurrent nervure joining second submarginal considerably _ beyond fts middle; second recurrent joining third submarginal also beyond
its middle. Minute hooks on costa’ of inferior wing thirteen in number
(in castanea they are about seventeen).
ffab.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. (Cockerell).
64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Most unfortunately, the unique type was attacked by Anthrenus while I was away during the Summer, owing to its not having been transferred to the general collection. There is, however, quite sufficient remaining to give the differential characters.
The species is apparently nearest to /epzdus, but differs in its long marginal cell and in the second submarginal receiving the first recurrent beyond the middle. In the latter character it re- sembles a/canor, from which it differs in color and other particu- lars. From castanea it is at once separated by its color and the
“shape of the first abdominal segment. In the generic description
ce
of Brachycistis ‘‘one very short, truncate marginal’? must be altered to read ‘‘ one marginal, truncate, often very short.’’
Note on habits of 2. idiotes, etc.—In September Brachycistis glabrel- lus, B. castaneus and B. elegantulus were taken at light in the Mesilla Valley, the first named being especially numerous. Not a single 2. idiotes or B. lepidus was to be seen, and when idiofes was described I knew it only from the one specimen taken in Las Cruces last Autumn. In November two &. /epidus were found drowned in the horse-trough at the Agricultural College—one on November 5th, the other on November 22d. In the same month two BZ. idiofes came to the lamp at my house in Las Cruces, one on November 2tst, the other on November 25th. Another idiotes entered my house about the middle of December. During this period (November, December) nothing was seen of g/abrellus, castaneus or elegantu/us. Thus it is seen that zdio¢fes and Jepidus appear in late Autumn, after the Summer species have disappeared: to this fact must doubtless be ascribed the non-discovery, until last year, of so large and easily recognized a species as idiofes. The size of idiotes varies, the largest (type) is fully as large as /epidus, the smallest only 11 mm, long.— T. D. A. CocKERELL, December, 1894.
OBITUARY.
The death has been announced of Dr. GEoRGE Marx, of Washington, D.C. Dr. Marx was well known as a writer on spiders and as the author of a catalogue of the described Ardnez of Temperate North America.
GrorGE D. BRADFORD, a promising young entomologist, and corre-
sponding secretary of the New York Entomological Society, died at his -
home,.in New York City, Nov. 24, 1894, of typhoid fever; he was born May tI, 1873. BERTHOLD NEUMOEGEN died of consumption on January 21st.
SEES GTA Be ea ,
.-
ENTOMOLOGICAL News for January, was mailed January 4, 1895.
Ent. News, Vol. VI. Pl. II.
BERTHOLD NEUMOEGEN.
= har :
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_ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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VOL. VI. MARCH, 1895. No. 3. CONTENTS: Neumoegen, Berthold. ..........---++- 65 | Economic Entomology...........-+-++ 83 Ashton—Ignorance of the knowledge of Notes atid News. sic. cose tesscnensse 87 Entomology in the year of 1853.... -67 | Entomological Literature ............. 89 Hulst—North American Geometrina in Doings of Societies. .........0scceseec' 93 European collections...........:.. 70 | Entomological Section. .......-.+-+++.. 94 Bruce—High mountain moths. ........ 73 | Dyar—Preparatory stages of Phlege- Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race thontius cingulata...............5- 95 OS ee ee 77 | Brendel—The compound eye.......... 97 Webster—Thomas Say .......---2++00+ 80 | Dyar—Larva of Orneodes ............ 100
TEGUORIAL ooo. occ d) ec dece ccc cesses 82 |
BERTHOLD NEUMOEGEN.
Mr. Neumoegen died at his home, in New York, on January 21st of consumption, hastened-by-an attack of grip. His suffer- ing during the last two weeks of his life was very great, and he looked upon death as a relief. He was born at Frankfort, on the Main, Germany, Nov. 19, 1845. He received a very good edu- cation, and his friends and schoolmates always spoke of him as one of the brightest of boys. He was a great linguist, speaking five or six languages fluently, and never tired of discoursing on his favorite subject—Lepidoptera. When a small child his greatest pleasure was to run in the fields with his butterfly net and catch his beloved insects. He began his collection about twenty-one years ago little dreaming of the extent to which it was destined to grow, but his love and enthusiasm increased every day, and he really added to his collection until the very last day of his life. His love for the butterflies was so great that, when working in his room with his assistant Mr. Doll, he would forget all about his illness and every other trouble and was really happy. One of Mr. Neumoegen’s characteristics was his extreme liberality in allowing students to study the rich material in his magnificent collection, and as a consequence it contains many valuable types
3
bn
66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March
described by our most prominent lepidopterists. In this con- nection Dr. Herman Strecker wrote of him: ‘‘ When my friend Neumoegen, some years ago, commenced to study and collect Lepidoptera, to which he applied himself with an energy seldom equaled, I impressed on him the importance of obtaining exam- ples from Arizona, giving him drawings of Avg. nokomis and other rare species. By indefatigable industry he secured collec- tors who, from inner Arizona, in a remarkably short time sent a large quantity of the most interesting material, among which were Smerinthus imperator and the coveted zokomis in both sexes, as well as numbers of others new to science. I cannot omit men- tioning another still more astonishing thing in connection with the reception of these Arizona novelties which, incredible as it may appear, is nevertheless a fact, to the truth of which I am willing to at any time to be qualified with proper jurat appended; it is when Mr. Neumoegen -passed them to me he did not even hint, let alone make it a condition, that any of the new species should be named after himself, his wife, his aunts,.or his cousins- german, his grandparents, the stranger within his gates, or even after his rich neighbor.’’ He was an indefatigable collector, and, as a result, was the possessor of one of the finest collections of Lepidoptera in the world. Mr. Neumoegen was also a well- known writer on his specialty, and described many new genera and species from this country and the West Indies, and of late years has published a number of valuable papers on the Bom- bycidz in conjunction with Mr. H. G. Dyar. He was engaged in business as a banker and broker at No. 40 Exchange Place, and was a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Mr. Neumoegen will be greatly missed among his lepidopterological brethren and co-workers, and his wife and children will have the sympathy of his scientific friends in their irreparable loss.
In 1835, a plague of locusts made their appearance in China, in the neighborhood of Quangse, and in the western departments of Quangtung. The military and people were ordered out to exterminate them, as they had done two years before. A more rational mode, however, was adopted by the authorities, of offering a bounty of twelve or fifteen cash per catty of the insects. They were gathered so fast for this price, that it was im- mediately lowered to five or six cash per catty. A strike followed, and the locusts were left in quiet to do as much damage as they could.—Cow an’s Curious Facts.
at he
ete eee ie
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67
IGNORANCE OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF ENTOMOLOGY IN THE YEAR OF 1853.
By T. B. AsHton, Tonganoxie, Kan.
It may be of interest to the readers of ENT. NEws to know the opinion of so well informed and truthful an entomologist as the late Dr. Fitch, who had ample facilities to make correct ob- servations as to the existing ignorance on the subject of insects and their habits, that was generally prevalent in this country six years prior to the organizing of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. I make the following extract of a letter written by Dr. Fitch to Mr. Johnson, and first published in the ‘‘ Journal’’ of the New York State Agricultural Society, July, 1853. Since the date of this letter, his seventeen years’ of Jabor as New York State Entomologist, did very much to educate and enlighten an igno- rant public on the subject of Entomology, and great credit is due to his industry in spreading through the land a correct knowledge
_of insects during his useful life. Forty-one years have passed
since this letter was written, and what a wonderful contrast—-the ignorance of Entomology at that time and the general knowledge of it to-day !
‘“SaLeM, N. Y., June 3oth, 1853. “Hon. B. P. JoHNSoON— See ear oir: * * * * * *%
**But a still more remarkable instance of the excessive multipli- cation and consequent havoc caused by an insect not previously noticed has occurred in this vicinity since I received your letter. indeed, it sur- passes everything of the kind that has hitherto been experienced in this county since the date of its settlement. On the roth inst. a man from Cambridge inquired of me whether I had observed the worms upon the apple trees, saying that all the orchards in that town were being stripped of their leaves. Next day, on going to my apple trees, I found the worm alluded to, upon all of them, committing great havoc; and a gentleman from the Argyle informed me that within two or three days past they had been observed overrunning all the apple trees there. Upon the 234d inst. the Circuit Court being in session in the village of Salem, I saw persons from most parts of the country, and learned that this worm was ravaging every orchard within our borders without exception. Some idea of the value of our orchards and the amount of damage which this pest threatens to do us may be formed from the fact that, two years ago, to supply the vacancies produced by trees that had perished, and to plant new orchards upon some farms, an agent from one single nursery disposed of young trees in their county to the amount of $10,000. As it well may, therefore,
68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - {March,
this worm forms the leading topic of conversation in every circle, and our newspapers are giving notices of it in their columns. And the crude and erroneous notions that are being formed and circulated respecting it show, in a must humiliating manner, the gross ignorance which pervades our country upon topics of this kind. One gentleman tells me that in a con- versation with the most noted and experienced nurseryman in our county they had mutually come to the conclusion that this worm had been bred by what in his neighborhood is termed ‘the little green insect.’ On enquiring I ascertained that this little green insect, so named because they knew no other name for it, was nothing more or less than Aphis mali, or Apple- leaf Louse. And the idea that this louse breeds these worms is rather more wild than it would be to conjecture that fleas breed bed-bugs. One of the most intelligent and successful farmers, who sometimes wields his pen as well as his scythe and hoe, favored me with the recherche infor- mation that this is the ‘canker worm,’—at least, said he, it is the very same worm that was called the canker worm in Connecticut when I was a boy. Had my good -friend asseverated that the moon was made of green cheese he would scarcely have surprised me more. I overheard another gentleman who is a graduate or one of our best colleges recom- mending to another similarly educated citizen to bore his apple trees, fill the hole with sulphur and close it by inserting a plug ‘made from the wood of the same tree.’ Methought he ought to have added that the hole should be made with ‘a silver bullet,’—or at least that this operation should be done ‘in the old o’ the moon.’ Friend Johnson, posterity will only need what I have above stated to show them that mauger all our vaunted light and intelligence in this, one of the most important branches of natural science to the farmer, and one of the most interesting depart- ments of Nature’s works to every studious and enquiring mind, our country at the present day is sunk in Egyptian darkness. In diffusive information, as far as it respects Entomology, we are lagging far behind the subjects _of several of the monarchical and-despotic governments of the old world. In Germany and Prussia, countries which are regarded as much less en- lightened than our own, not merely is a professor of this science deemed indispensable in every university and every agricultural seminary, but its rudiments are taught in all their primary schools. In this country, on the other hand, such a thing as a course of lectures upon this science has never yet been delivered, except, perhaps, in one or two of our universi- ties. Indeed, much of the very foundation of this science, upon this side of the Atlantic, is yet to be laid. Whole groups and families of insects have never been examined. We have not names even by which to desig- nate a considerable portion of our species. . Take this apple tree worm, for instance. It belongs to a family of insects of which, in Great Britain, there are upwards of 300 species. Our own country, we may safely as- sume, contains at least double that number. And of our 600 American insects of this family how many, think you, have been examined and de- scribed? So far as I am able to ascertain there are /hree species only/
tert aie hy Tees SP. Patan:
.- =
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69
In no other department of science is an exploration so urgently required, so loudly called for, as in this. Scarcely a week passes but that one and another within the circle of my acquaintance is coming to me with some insect which he has detected preying upon some article of property—of which insect he is anxious to know the name, habits and remedies. Within the last forty-eight hours one has brought me a worm which is infesting the roots of his squashes, melons and cucumbers, and has killed a large number of these plants in his and his neighbors’ gardens; another has shown me some pea-pods containing a worm which is devouring the young peas; a third has brought in some tomato plants wilted and de- stroyed by a grub that has perforated the stalk; and a young lady has submitted to my notice some caterpillars which she finds devouring her roses. Such facts forcibly show how much, how very much, we need a thorough investigation of the Entomology of our country. It is indeed surprising that this branch of natural science, in an economical aspect second to no other in its importance, should have remained to this day so lamentably neglected. In that valuable series of volumes.of Natural History of the State of New York we are presented with a full descrip- tion of every object in the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdom, that exist without (= within (?) ) our borders, save only our insects. This most important hiatus remains to be filled to complete that great work and render it full and entire as it was designed to be. Each succeeding year is showing how urgently we need the information which this part of that work would furnish. Why should its completion be longer delayed? . The pecuniary loss which we shall sustain the present year from this one insect which is now devastating our-orchards is probably greater than will be the whole cost of a survey of the insects of the State.
“* * * * * This moth pertains to the genus Argyro-lepia and the sub-
‘genus Lozopera of the distinguished British entomologist, Mr. Stephens.
And as this species does not appear to have been hitherto described I
propose to call it the Argyrolepia pomariana, the specific name being
derived from the Latin: pomarium, which, translated, will give us for the
common name of this insect, the Orchard Moth, or if we wish to be more
definite, the Orchard Argyrolepia.” EXE XH
Yours Truly, Asa FITcuH.
WE are the army of the great God, and we lay ninety-and-nine eggs; were the hundredth put forth, the world would be ours—such is the speech the Arabs put into the mouth of the locust. And such is the feeling the Arabs entertain of this insect, that they give it a remarkable pedigree, and the following description of its person: It has the head of the horse, the horns of the stag, the eye of the elephant, the neck of the ox, the breast of the lion, the body of the scorpion, the hip of the camel, the legs of the stork, the wings of the eagle, and the tail of the dragon.— Cowan's Curious Facts.
70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—IV.
By Geo. D. Hutsr. (Continued from page 44, vol. vi, ENT. News)
Melanippe concordata Wik. 1295, is the same as obductata Moesch.
Camptogramma fluviata Hbn. has as synonyms, C. lapillata Gn. ii, 430, from Abyssinia; C. daccata Gn. 11, 430, from Ceylon; as well as the following from North America: Cidaria peracuata WIk. 1421, Coremia abruptata W\k. 1713, C. alternata W\k. sup. 1681, C. pigrata Wlk. sup. 1681, Camptogramma exagitata Wik. 1331, and Camptogramma ? signataria Wik. 1718. There is also a specimen of the same called plemyraia Feld., but I do not know whether it is correct.
Cidaria inclinata W\k. 1727, is a synonym of C. ferrugata L.
The type of Psychophora sabini Curtis is in the Museum. The middle band of the fore wings is quite distinct, and it differs very much from the ‘‘seal brown’’ immaculate form which Dr. Pack- ard had from Polaris Bay. Var. /rigtdaria Gn. ii, 269, is, I think, not different from the blackish form described by Dr. Skinner as Glaucopleryx immaculata. There are some specimens in the Museum among a number taken in Grinnell’s Land which closely approach the form which Dr. Packard had.
Larentia ziczacata Wik. 1185, L. placidata Wik. 1186, and Lobophora incommodata Wik. 1259, are the same as Spargania magnoliata Gn. ii, 455.
Thera congregata W\k. 1264, is a much rubbed specimen of lacustrata, or unangulata, probably the latter.
Tephrosia comptaria Wik. 406, is Epirrita perlineata Pack. Melanthia condensata W\k. 1273 is the same species, but the type is faded and rubbed.
Tephrosia scitularia Wik. 406, is Epirrita cambrica Curtis.
Eupithecia implicata W\k. 1241, is not the same as &, mise- vulata Grt. I so determined it from a picture made from the type, but I was wrong. The species are very like each other, but distinct.
Eupithecia anticaria Wik. 1241 and £. explanata Wik. 1242, are the same.
* Seta 4 Bd
: a eR
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71
' Thalera superata W\k. sup. 1612, is a synonym of Memoria pistacearia Gn. i, 348.
Nemoria incertata W\k. 1557, is the same as JV. gratata Pack. and WN. oporaria Zell.
Geometra mimicata Wik. sup. 1600, is the same as Synchlora rubivora Riley, and is a synonym of Aphodes glaucaria Gn. i, 377:
Synchlora liguoraria Gn. i, 375, is S. tricoloraria Pack.
lodis tractaria W\k. 540, is the same as Aplodes mimosaria Gn. i, 377, which is probably the same as Geometra grata Fabr.
Nemoria denticularia Wik. 536, is the: same species as Sy2- chlora excurvaria Pack.
Racheospila lixaria Gn. covers R. ? extremaria Wik. 584, Geometra inclusaria W\k. 508, G. congruata Wik. 511, Aplodes rubromarginaria Pack. and Racheospila cupedinaria Grt. The
_ type of PR. cupedinaria is in the Museum.
Anisodes bifilata Wik. 1585, is Aplodes brunnearia Pack. and is itself a synonym of Nemoria bistriaria Hbn.
Nemoria indiscriminata Wik. 1556, NM. densaria Wik. 1557, and Thalassodes deprivata W\k. 1559, are synonyms of Memoria chloroleucaria Gn. 1, 351.
Nemoria phyllinaria Zell. is the same as XV. zellerarta Pack.
Geometra tridaria Gn. 1, 344, is G. rectaria Grt. Mr. Grote’s type is in the Museum. Geometra remotaria Wk. 530, is the name for the insect which is called G. zr¢davza Gn. in our collec- tions.
Some specimens have been sent me by Prof. Riley which seem to be Eucrostis dominicaria Gn. i, 367, from St. Domingo. Prof. Riley’s specimens were from-Key West, Fla.
Acidalia ordinata Wik. 722, A. puraria Wik. 796, and A. candidaria Pack. are the same.
Acidalia obfusaria Wik. 786, is A. punctofimbriata Pack.
Under Acidalia insularia Gn. i, 469, may be placed the fol-
lowing: A. invariata Wik. 1596, A. asthenaria Wik. 737, A.
imparata Wik. 1598, and A. persimilata Grt.
Acidalia impauperata Wik. 721 and A. defixaria Wik. 796, are A. frigidaria Moesch. These and A. consecutaria W|k. sup. 1623, with A. sobria Wik. sup. 1624 are, I think, forms of zz- ductata Gn. i, 494.
Lozogramma subequaria Wik. 1€60, is L. defluaria Wik. 984.
“972 ENTCMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Acidalia similaria Wik. 1592, of the D’Urban collection is, on the authority of Mr. Moffat, probably A. guadrilineata Pack. The type specimen is in poor condition, and is in the collection of the entomological society of Ontario.
Acidalia anticaria Wik. 1593, of the same collection, and on the same authority, is probably the same as A. subalbaria Pack.
I also have received from Mr. Moffat a sketch of Boarmia divisarta W\k. 489, of the D’ Urban collection, and it is the same as B. crepuscularia var. abraxaria W\k. 403. The name could not at any rate hold, as Walker had described 2. divisaria pre- viously, page 366, from Port Natal, Africa.
Of the other Boarmize of the D’ Urban collection only two re- main undetermined from the types, and the types are lost. Mr. Moffat writes me that in the drawer of the collection containing the Walker types of Boarmia is a paper, written probably by Mr. Reed, who was curator at the time of Mr. Grote’s examina- tion, as follows: ‘‘Grote says Boarmia divisaria is a good spe- cies; all the others, six in number, are synonyms.’’ We have thus Mr. Grote’s decision that none of the other species were valid. The two not determined are B. convergaria and B. eject- aria. B. convergaria may be B. larvaria Gn. and B. ejectaria may be B. humaria Gn. though only the wildest guess can be made from Walker’s descriptions.
Ephyra ignotaria Wik. 1576, and £. trisertata are synonyms of £. myrtaria Gn. i, 408.
‘Acidalia rufilineata Wik. 783, is A. fimandrata Wik. 724.
Acidalia myrmidonata Gn. i, 487, is Hots minutularia Hulst, and Craspedia lautaria Hbn.
An insect from Key West, sent me by Prof. Riley, is Acidalia umbilicata Gn. 1, 504, with A. indoctaria Wik. as a synonym.
Acidalia restrictata W\k. 722, A. mensurata Wik. sup. 1621, and A. continuaria Wik. sup. 1622, are the same as A. ennu- cleata Gn. i, 505. They are none the form ordinarily known as A. ennucleata, but the light colored insect without blackish spots and markings. The blackish insect Guenée figured as a variety of ennucleata, which I do not think it is. A. reconditaria Wlk., which I was not able to find in the Museum, is probably it, and it is probable that Eu/epidotis alabastaria Hbn. may be the same thing. I see after my return that Mr. Grote has determined 4. veconditaria as A. ennucleata frorn the type which he saw.
1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73
From Key West I have specimens sent from Prof. Riley which may be Acidalia nataria Wik. sup. 1625; and also from southern Florida other specimens which are probably Acédalia subquadrata Gn. i, 459.
Acidalia ossularia Hbn. has the following as synonyms: A.’ temnaria Gn. i, 476, A. sublataria Gn. i, 474, A. magniferaria WIk. 784, A. flavillifera Wik. sup. 1624, and A. repletaria Wik. - sup. 1624. I fancy A. violacearia Wik. may be the same insect.
Acidalia tacturata W\k. 721 is the same as A. eburneata Gn. i, 474.
Almodes rivularia Grt. is the same as A. ¢erraria Gn. i, 380: In ‘* Novitates Zoologice,’’ vol. i, p. 376, Mr. Warren gives a list of five other synonyms.
Conchylis cretiferana W\k., said by Prof. Fernald to be a Geometer, is not a Geometer, but a Deltoid. The type has only the front wings left, and these are very much faded. It appears to be one of our common species.
Acidalia tremularia Wik. 1614, is a A. pannaria Gn. i, 470.
Acidalia guadrannulata Wik. 1595, is Ephyra pendulinaria Gn. i, 414.
Macaria impropriata W\k. 888, is a synonym of Paraphia subatomaria Haw. as are also Wacaria fidoniaria Wik. sup. 1654, M. exsuperata Wik. 1655, Paraphia mammuraria Gn. i, 273, P. deplanaria Gn. i, 272, and P. nubecularia Gn. i, 272.
Ennomos lutaria Wik. sup. 1552, is E. magnaria Gn. i, 174.
Melanippe furcifascia Wik. 1294, is a synonym of Cidaria hastata, var. gothicata Gn., as is also hecate Butler from Japan. It is the form with unicolorous black hind wings.
(To be continued.)
oO
HIGH MOUNTAIN MOTHS. By Davin Bruce, Brockport, N. Y.
I had stayed at a ranch in Park County, Colorado, for a few days every time I visited the State. The house was pleasantly situated on the south side of a long picturesque cafion, which ended at about 13,000 feet elevation in a broad gulch, over- looked by some of the highest peaks of the front range. The dwelling itself was exactly 10,000 feet above sea-level; the sloping hill-sides were well covered with pines, poplars, willows
74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
and various shrubs. Several rapid creeks, fed by the melting snows, tossed and tumbled noisily over their rocky beds, their banks being bright with wild flowers and grasses; occasionally the cafion would expand into wide boggy meadows (called ‘‘ Broads,’’ by the ranchmen, as the contracted spaces, hardly wide enough for a wagon-road, were also locally termed ‘‘ Nar- rows’); a few hundred head of cattle roamed around, but were not in sufficient numbers to destroy the herbage, as is too often the case in the western mountains. Butterflies were abundant everywhere, and whether I rambled lower down the valley or climbed above timber to the higher levels I seldom. returned without being well pleased with my captures, if the weather was fine, as the mornings always were; a few day-flying moths would occasionally present themselves—//atarctia hyperborea one day clumsily tumbled round a low willow close to the house and was quickly transferred to my cyanide bottle, a few examples of Arctia cervinata Strecker and Antarctia brucei Hy. Edw. occurred among the rocks; in the open spaces in the forests a small He-
maris was not uncommon at the blue flowers of Mertensia, on
which plant the gray larvae of Guophela vermiculata was feeding, Nemeophila plantaginis and Alypia lorquiniz were frequent, the latter to be always found where Zfz/obium grew. In August the larvee were very abundant on this plant; very rarely, indeed, Lepisesia flavofasciata was seen at blossom of Azbes; this larvee I also found in July on Zpzlobium. Above timber, at the very edge of the melting snow-banks, the flowers were alive with four or five species of P/usta and a few Oncocnemis and Melicleptrias, the last apparently sleeping in the blossoms by night, as I fre- quently found them in a half torpid state in the early mornings inside the petals. On the mountain sides and highest peaks a few species of Anarta and Agrotiphi/a were lively in the sunshine, and occasionally a Geometrid would start from the rocks or be dislodged from the bushes, but as a rule the Heterocera were sparingly represented, not more than two or three dozen species being found in three Summers. I tried sugaring without the slightest success. - On two or three occasions I saw a moth buz- zing round the lamps in the house, but it was always sabgothica or auxiliaris. As the motto and practice of every person at the ranch was ‘‘ early to bed and early to rise,’’ and I was generally well tired out when I got home, and after supper I had my cap-
|
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. a5
tures and correspondence to attend to, I tumbled into bed nightly quite satisfied that I had thoroughly ransacked and exhausted the lepidopterological store of the vicinity.
An accident, however, opened my eyes, and I came to a quite different conclusion. One fine day at the end of July I met with
a serious mishap that kept me indoors for two weeks with a
couple of fractured ribs and sundry painful cuts and bruises. For the first three days the pain entirely kept me from thinking about insects; but I noticed a few moths at my bed-room window attracted by the lamplight. When I was able to move about, my kind landlord furnished me with a couple of large lamps, one of which I set at the window and fixed the other on a box at the open front door, I sitting on a chair just inside the house with net, bottle and box in readiness. As soon as it was dusk, Mames- tra olivacea and several other small species new to me, came in plenty; as it grew darker larger species came. At last, with a bump against the lamp, Agrotis ingeniculata introduced itself to science for the first time. This large and handsome species was quite common for a few nights. I give below a list of my cap- tureS in ten nights. I always quit at eleven o’clock, as by that time at this high elevation the air began to get very cold and sometimes quite frosty. Those marked with an asterisk were common. I give the Bombycids and Noctuide only.
Lithosia bicolor Arsilonche albovenosa
cephalica* Merolonche spinea ELuprepia caja var. utahensis Acronycta three sp. (undetermined) Arctia parthenice Rhynchagrotis rufipectus Parorgyia leucophea* variata* Ichthyura bifiria Pachnobia littoralis* Cerura albicoma Agrotis ypsilon* var. cineroides* ing eniculata*
Gluphisia sp. ?* Datana perspicua
Peridroma saucia*
' Noctua baja*
Flalisdota inaculata haruspica* Oedemasia salicis* havile Fleterocampa grisea lubricans*
Tolype velleda Chorizagrotis auxiliaris* Gastropacha wildei agrestis*® Hypopta henrici Feltia subgothica* Flepialus Mc Glashani venerabilis Panthea gigantea vancouverensis* Raphia frater var. coloradense* volubilis
7 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. { March,
Porosagrotis satiens Dryobota stigmata rileyana* Flydrecia juvenilis orthogonia* cataphracta dedalus* serrata
Carneades recula* Leucania bicolorata*
guadridentata* pallens oblongastigma* patricia riding siana* phragmatidicola Slavidens* adonea* — flavicollis* Ufeus plicatus brocha Caradrina miranda* velleripennis Amphipyra glabella gagates Orthodes cynica* messoria* Fiimelia contrahens* brumeigera Teniocampa trifascia munis®™ carminata basiflava* Pyrrhia umbra tessellata* Orthosia euroa* albipennis helva obeliscoides Scoliopteryx libatrix
Mamestra juncimacula* Litholomia napea
crotchit* Xylina georgu liguida _ carbonaria* rosea Xylomiges dolosa invalida perlubens* trifolit* Calocampa brucet cristifera Cleophana antipoda noverca Ingura declinata olivacea* Deva purpurigera rectilinea* Plusia eroides SJuscolutea* putnami
Scotogramma inconcinna biloba
Ulolonche fasciata brassic@ea*
orbiculata angulidens
Xylophasia suffusca epigea
morna SNOWL
alticola Caloplusia hochenworthi lignicolor devergens semilunata* Stibadium spumosum*
Hladena leucoscelis Plagiomimicus expatlidus
Sractilinea Schinia albifascia
Hiillia senescens Acontia angustipennis*
algens candefacta*
Pseudanarta flavidens* aprica
Perigea albolabes* elegantula
Homohadena badistriga* Oncocnemis dayi
Homoptera sp.? Eubolina mima
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77
ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM.
By Dr. RoDRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 38, vol. vi, ENT. NEws.)
Prof. Grote writes: ‘‘ Variation in color or marking when oc- curring among typical examples is variety, and varieties should receive a Latin name. For example, Agvotis wi/sonii occurs in a typical olive-gray variety, and in a red variety (sfectalis). It does not matter that intermediary examples exist. The terms must be employed to designate properly the variety. It is the property of varieties that they intergrade, of species that they do not pass into one another.’’
Mr. Dyar says: ‘‘ The variety may intergrade with the normal form, or it may not. In the latter case it is either an aberration, dimorphic form, or local race. * * * * I would always name a dimorphic form or a local race.’’ (I would interrupt myself here to query, under which of these heads Mr. Dyar places the occa- sional yellow form of Arctia virgo, to which he recently gave thename..... )
He continues: ‘‘ The practice of naming intergrading varieties can so easily be carried to an extreme that I do not like to advise ei
Mr. Neumoegen quotes fromm Neumoegen and Dyar’s Revision of the Bombyces, and recognizes local races, ‘‘ whether connected by intergrading in the intermediate territory or not.”’
Let us consider the meaning of intergrading.
I believe that all of us accept the theory of evolution. Then let us imagine as a starting point a ‘‘ fixed form’’ as representing a species. It is hardly conceivable that even in the earliest stages Nature ever fashioned two individuals in an identical mould. Even the slightest diversity would have produced what I shall call Individuality.- In time these ‘‘ individualities’’ would neces- sarily grow more marked and definite, and the breeding of the more similar individuals with each other, would in: time evolve from a fixed form, a variable one. This variableness in like man- ner would increase in the course of years, until at last the species would be represented by individuals of quite diversified appear- ance, instead of as originally by creatures superficially similar. When the species was fixed it would be easy to choose one or more specimens to serve as a type. But when the variable pe-
78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March,
riod had arrived, only a long series of specimens could be truly typical of the species. The next step in this evolution would be the arrival of a form which began to occur in relatively large numbers, and when the time arrived when this new form was represented in reasonable proportion, to the greater number of individuals which still resembled the original type, we would have what I would consider a good variety. This variety would be connected with the ground type by intergrades, but the differ- ence between it and the intergrading forms would be, that it would be more constant than any other selected individual, and reason- ably constant as compared with the original type. Evolution might go further, or it might not. If it went on we would get other varieties, with intergrading forms between each. The spe- cies would be represented, let us say, by a ground form, the type, and suppose we stop at three varieties with intergrades between. Normally, the varieties would be more fixed and more numerous as they more closely resembled the type. But any variety would be less rare than the intergrades. On the other hand if evolution stopped with one variety, the next step would be the gradual disappearance of the intergrading forms, which of course would also occur in time regardless of the number of varieties thrown off. The first individual appearance of one of these extreme forms being at the moment the most distant from the type, but the forerunner of others similar to it, and thus the precursor of a variety, is what I understand by Aberration.
With this idea of the meaning of ges ida we find that Intergrades are of three classes.
First, the fixed species has become variable, and all the indi- viduals differ essentially from all others. Possibly there may be- a rare and extreme form, the ‘‘ aberration.’’
Second, there may exist one or more distinct forms called va- rieties, with intergrading forms between the varieties, and be- tween the type and the variety most similar to it. But given a thousand insects it should be possible to separate the varieties into groups; when it would be seen that in a given lot, under a given name, the individuals would resemble one another as much as the typical specimens would in similar numbers. The inter- grades; however, would not do this.
Third, there may exist one or more varieties, each as fixed as the type, but with no intergrades, except where the varieties may
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 -
be considered as intergrades between the type and the variety which is farthest removed from the type. Now, to continue this story of evolution, the time may arrive
_ when the variety begins to breed true to itself. It increases in
numbers to-such an extent that the individuals mate among
themselves, and in time produce others of their kind. It is pos-
sible that this occurs gradationally. At first the offspring of the variety would throw back to the type in the majority of cases, but by continued selection of mates of their own kind the variety would increase in numbers until at last it produced only of its own kind. This brings us a new race, and is commonly sup- posed to inhabit a locality different from the home of the type. That there should be intergrades in intermediate territory is but an argument in favor of the theory of evolution; for environment must play as great a part in the departure from the original type, as does the accentuation of individuality.
But it has been truly said that species breed true to themselves and varieties do not. Then why is this a local race, and not a
new species, for we allow of course that Nature by evolution is
aiming at new species?
The local race is distinguishable from a new species only by breeding. The imago being the perfect insect, evolutionary changes show there first, and by breeding true in a local race,
we mean merely the reproduction of similar imagos, the eggs
and larvee would remain typical. When the eggs and larve also
-were different a new species would have been evolved. My idea
of classification then would be thus:
Species.—Individuals markedly similar, though great variable- ness might exist. Breeding true in all periods of transformation.
Race.—Local variety, markedly different from the specific type, breeding true in the imaginal period. -
Variety.—A departure from type of species, occurring in suffi- cient numbers to indicate a permanency of the form; not breed- ing true. Intergrades may or may not exist. When they do,
‘the evolution of the variety is not yet complete. Their absence
marks the permanency of the varietal form, and the disappear- ance of the connecting link.
Aberration is the extremest departure from specific type, with or without intergrades, or with or without intermediate varieties. In the first instance it announces a new variety, and in the second that the evolution of varieties is not yet complete.
80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Form is a word which might be made to apply to such occa- sional, but constant departures from type as are well recognized under the terms—dimorphic or seasonal forms, and sexual forms.
A monstrosity is not to be confounded with an aberration. The aberration is a normal creature, while the monstrosity is ab- normal in some structural feature. It may be in the form of the body, in a commingling of sexual appearances (without neces- sarily being hermaphroditic), or any alteration which would pro- duce a symmetry. I have seen two monstrosities worthy of mention. Onea male, Papilio turnus, with one primary marked like Glaucus. Another was a Cecropia, on the primaries of which was a departure from nee marking, the two, die being unlike.
Hermaphrodites aa hybrids need no ‘em beyond mention.
On the question of the propriety of giving names I woul ad- vocate the naming of all well-defined species, alee races and perhaps aberrations and forms.
a U
THOMAS SAY.—III. | By Prof. F. M. WEBSTER, Wooster, Ohio.
In the Winter of 1825-26 there descended the Ohio River from Pittsburg a craft somewhat resembling a western flat boat. The passengers on this primitive vessel were, many of them, noted in the scientific and literary world, among them being Thomas Say, who, with Messrs. Owen, Maclure and others, were making their way to the new home of the recently organized confrater- nity. This craft landed its passengers at Mt. Vernon, ‘Ind., from whence they were conveyed overland to their destination. From _ that day to the present the cargo of that primitive craft has been known-as ‘‘the Boat Load of Knowledge,’’ and one of the per- sons composing it, Mr. Victor C. Duclos, is still living in New Harmony. A year or more later Say was married to Miss Lucy May Sistare, an accomplished and talented young lady, sister of Mrs. Frances Ball, wife of the well-known jeweler. Dr. Ed- ward Murphy, now living in New Harmony, and an annual at- tendant at meetings of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, was a guest at the wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Say. The subject of this sketch is described as being fully six
A Ke
INT, NEws, Vol. VI. Pl. IV.
= =
r is (
THE HOUSE IN WHICH SAY DIED.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 81
feet in height, slender, with a slight lisp to his articulation, which gave to his naturally gentle voice a musical softness.
Whether the newly-wedded pair at once took-up their abode in the house shown in the February number of the NEws, or in the one illustrated in the present number, I am unable to learn. As it was in the last-mentioned that Say’s death took place, it seems quite probable that the other was their first home, and that he afterwards moved into the one here represented. The present illustration shows the house as it appeared in the Winter of 1888- 89. A portion of the original structure was burned in 1843, and afterwards rebuilt somewhat differently in point of architecture from the original, but the lower portion fronting the street to the left, as in the engraving, long used as kitchen, dining-room, etc , is as originally built by George Rapp soon after the Rappite community was established in 1815, and afterwards occupied by Thomas Say. With the purchase of the lands and buildings of this community by Robert Owen, in 1824, it passed into the hands of Messrs. Owen and Maclure, and seems to have been transferred to Mr. and Mrs. Say, probably by either Alexander or William Maclure, and later sold by the Says to David Dale Owen. So, we only know that for a time at least it was owned by Say, that it was within its walls that he breathed his last, and that his ashes peacefully rest ina tomb located within. the grounds to the rear of the house here shown.
Besides his connection with the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, he was a foreign member of both the Linnean and Zoological Societies of London. He was also a member of the Masonic Fraternity.
After the death of her husband, Mrs. Say remained for several years in New Harmony, but later moved to New York, and made her home with her sister. A few years before her death, which occurred several years ago, and at the age of eighty-three, she wrote an excellent letter to a friend in New Harmony.
(To be continued.)
Capt. BEECHEY tells us he saw many asses, heavily laden with Locusts for food, driven into the town of Mesurata, in Tripoli.—‘‘ Hxped. to
Africa,” p. 107.
3"
82 . [ March,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- ‘tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual ‘subscription may be considered well spent.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. -Outside of the United States and Canada $1.20.
3@= All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1895. ~
PHOTOGRAPHS.
SEVERAL times we have made appeals for photographs for the albums of the American Entomological Society, and are pleased to say that many of our entomological friends kindly responded. Some of our subscribers were under the impression that we only wished those of people who have done much entomological work, either as collectors or writers, but such is not the case, as we would like a photo. of every one interested in en- tomology. These pictures are of great interest, especially those collected early in the history of the society. Some day some one tnay wish to pub- lish a history of entomology in the United States, or a series of biograph- ical sketches of entomologists, and such a collection of photos would be indispensible. There is also an inevitable law of Nature that all must obey, and we all know that it is very gratifying to be able to look on the facial lineaments of those friends and correspondents, perhaps never seen, but to whom we have become attached by a community of interests,
g@F The Publication Committee of the American Entomological Society have now in press a complete Supplement to Henshaw’s List of Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, published in 1885, including all additions, corrections, etc., since that date; this will take the place of the first and second supplements published in 1887 and 1889 respectively, both of which are now out of print, and at the same time be complete to the end of 1894. Those desiring copies should apply to the Treasurer. The price will be 50 cents per copy. See advertisement on third page of cover.
. eae - » i aot
e
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83
DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY.
_ Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J,
The Chinch-Bug.— Bulletin No. 55, from the office of the State Ento- mologist of Illinois, Prof. S. A. Forbes, is an interesting little pamphlet. It contains a very brief record of the chinch-bug invasion of 1894, the prospects for 1895, a brief statement concerning contagious disease and other experiments, and a series of recommendations for 1895. There are only seven pages of print, but they contain a great deal of history and suggestive information. ‘‘The history of chinch-bug injury in Illinois is substantially that of a succession of waves of increase which rise to a highest point and then suddenly fall away to insignificance, the rise of the wave usually occupying from three to five years or more, and its re- cession requiring only one or two.”’ Prof. Forbes thinks it probable that the culminating point of such a wave has been reached and would feel no surprise if the season of 1895 witnessed its recession. As an important factor in causing the decrease of the insects he recognizes the ‘‘ white muscardine’”’ disease, due to Sporotrichum globuliferum, but he is not enthusiastic as to the possibility of controlling chinch-bug injury by the artificial propagation of the disease. Among a series of conclusions the - following are especially interesting:
“1. The white muscardine will not spread among vigorous chinch-bugs in the field in very dry weather to an extent to give this disease any prac- tical value as a means of promptly arresting chinch-bug injury under such conditions. It may be added that chinch-bugs are usually vigorous in dry weather.
“9g. The resistant power of healthy chinch-bugs exposed to infection is well shown by the fact that thousands of bugs, young and old, have commonly lived for many days, and even for several weeks, moulting, maturing, copulating and laying their eggs, when shut up in infection boxes which had been heavily stocked with fungus spores from dead in- sects and had been made in every way as favorable as possible to the development of the disease. The percentage of those that would suc- cumb from day to day was often ridiculously small.
“From all our experimental work thus far completed, I draw the gen- eral conclusion that infection with the fungus of the white muscardine of the chinch-bug is an uncertain measure, largely dependent for its practical value upon conditions beyond the influence of the experimenter, and whose occurrence or prevalence it is impossible for him to foresee. It appears, on the other hand, to be so powerful an agency for the destruc- tion of chinch-bugs ez masse when the weather favors its development and spread, and can be made by proper organization so inexpensive to the individual and to the State, that it is well worthy of the most thor- oughgoing scientific study and practical field experimentation.”
84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
This expresses the opinion of the conservative students and those who have most carefully studied the nature of fungus diseases in insects, ani- mals or plants. The diseases may be fatally effective under certain cir- cumstances—but we cannot produce the circumstances to order, and while we are waiting for the necessary meteorological conditions the chinch-bugs may destroy the crop. It is well to have the disease in hand, ready for use in favorable seasons, but we must also be prepared with other means as effective alternatives, some of which Prof. Forbes points out. It is a fact, of course, that some insect diseases seem to be to a large extent independent of heat or cold, wet or dry, and seem to be able to spread rapidly in all weathers. Of this type is the disease which attacks the larva of the clover-leaf beetle—/Phytonomus punctatus. 1 have watched it for five years in succession, and each year, no matter what the character of the season, the fungus has attacked the half grown larve and has swept them away just when they threatened injury to the crop. The factors that facilitate the remarkable spread of this disease are not yet well understood; but they are evidently quite different from those controlling the ‘‘ white muscardine”’ of the chinch-bug.
Cabbage Root Maggot, Etc.—On this subject Mr. M. V. Slingerland gives us, in Bulletin 78, of the Cornell Experiment Station, nearly one hundred pages of information. While the cabbage maggots are more especially treated, there are incidental notes on other species and much information is contained on the subject of maggots in general. The Bulletin is really an exhaustive treatise which can only be commended, and the subject of remedies is very fully treated. Pactically, the recommendations narrow down to tarred paper cards, put on when the plants are set out to prevent” oviposition on the surface at the base of the stem, and to the use of bi- sulphide of carbon to destroy the insects when they have attacked the plants. For the application of the bisulphide an injector is described which seems practical. I have elsewhere expressed the conviction that bisulphide of carbon would come into much more general use when its range was fully understood, and when its cost was reduced to a point justifying its use in the field. The question of cost has been recently made satisfactory, and now it is in order to ascertain what can be done with the material. Mr. Slingerland has proved its usefulness in one direction; my experiments tend to show that it-may be used against plant- lice in the field, under certain circumstances; in the green-house its use- fulness can scarcely be over-estimated, while in forcing beds, which can be covered, it may be used as against all, except scale insects. Its use in destroying insects infesting stored grain and seeds is well established.
Oviposition in Cicada hieroglyphica Say.—During the latter part of June, 1894, a small party of entomologists spent three or four days collecting at Anglesea, N. J., where many rarities have been found in times past, and more yet remain to be found in times to come. Among the party were Dr. Skinner and Mr. Hoyer, who were greatly exercised over a more or less persistent “singing,” which they claimed must be due to a Cicada.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85
They finally resolved to run down these ‘‘ singing machines”’ as they were christened, and by care and patience located them on some old and bat- tered cedar trees, capturing several males of Cicada hieroglyphica Say. Later in the day the axe and chisel were brought into use on these same trees, and a number of coleopterous larve and pupz were secured, the trunks presenting a badly wrecked appearance when they were finally abandoned. Next morning I heard a specimen of the Cicada ‘‘ singing,”’ and by careful moving located him. But not him alone; his mate was close by on the bare trunk, busily engaged in ovipositing. I watched the specimen for some time and made sure of what she was doing before capturing her. In the character of the egg punctures there was nothing distinctive, but the selection of the raw surface of the wood where we had been chopping was interesting. The trunk was dead and was soft rotting, and into this soft wood the eggs were laid.
The Codling Moth.—‘‘ Insect Life,’’ vol. vii, No. 3, p. 248, contains an in- stalment of proof, by Mr. Marlatt, that the Codling Moth is double- brooded in many places. This is in response to my suggestion that per- haps it had been too generally assumed that there were two broods, and that we might find the second brood exceptional in some localities. Mr. Marlatt is undoubtedly correct in all his observations, and we may assume two broods as the rule throughout the central and southern United States, and even in southern New Jersey, but where the insect becomes single brooded is yet a question. My own observations were positive, and are not doubted by Mr. Marlatt, but it does seem as if New Brunswick was very abnormally situated and not favorably for the development of insect life. Incidentally, it may be said that-it is a miserably poor collecting region for most orders of insects.
A New Chilean Vine-destroying Insect.— About the year 1880 my atten- tion was called to a small vineyard at Quillota half destroyed by some unknown disease. On examining the roots of some of the dead and dying vines [ found a curious gall-like body on all of*them. These galls or cysts, were sub-spherical in shape, the shell was rough, of stout tex- ture, reddish brown in color, from 5 to 7 millimetres in diameter and full of a liquid of a creamy color and consistency, with a very peculiar and abominable odor. An examination of this fluid under the microscope showed corpuscles floating in it, also what I took to be rudiments of tracheze. One of the best microscopists that I ever met, my friend Dr. Bruner, also studied these bodies very attentively, but failed to arrive at _ any definite conclusion. I fancied we were examining the larva of an insect in the act of changing into the pupa state, yet the change was so complete that no rudiment of any organ could be found, except the sup- _ posed tracheze. Various remedies were tried on the vineyard, but in _ Vain, and the vines were uprooted and replaced by lucerne (Medicago _ Sativa). I paid no more attention to the matter for some years, but in Nos, some one hundred miles to the south of Quillota, serious damage
86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {March,
was reported as being done in vineyards by the same insect. In 1884 an article appeared on the subject, written by Mr. F. Philippi, who stated that the cysts were produced by mematod worms, and he then described the species as Heterodera vitis, giving a drawing of a European species of worm. It would appear that Mr. Philippi does not need to see a spe- cies in order to describe it, as he had only the galls or cysts, to build upon, the worms were evolved from his inner consciousness.
About November, 1893, my sons were collecting insects near the Can- quenes Baths, and, to my surprise, brought me a lot of the cysts, though there is no vineyard for many miles. I then determined to investigate the matter seriously, and found that some fossorial wasps, of the genera Trachypus and Sphex, were carrying the cysts to their nests. I next got my boys to find out where the wasps got them from, and so found large numbers in a dry, sandy spot, destitute of vegetation. These were care- fully kept in the hopes of breeding the perfect form, but I got no results.
In October and November, 1894, I again collected a lot of cysts, and kept on getting them at intervals of a few days.
Early in December two females emerged, and I got several more where I found the cysts, but as yet I know nothing of the male. The galls or cysts, live on a great variety of Chilean plants, especially on annuals, which explains their presence in places where, during the Summer drought vegetation disappears.
The insect bred from the cysts appears to belong to the genus Marga- rodes Guilding, allied to Porphyrophora Brandt, and as Philippi desctibed a worm that never existed I see no reason why we should apply his spe- cific name to an insect whose existence he never suspected:
Margarodes trilobitum spec. nov. °.—Body elliptic, of a dull whitish yellow color, thinly covered with soft hairs, most abundant on the dorsal region. On the underside there are short, stiff hairs, that assist in loco- motion. There is no distinct head, but at the anterior extremity of the body, beneath, are antennz, seemingly 8-jointed; the basal joint, how- ever, is pale, soft, and appears to represent the antenniferous tubercle; the other seven joints are of a clear brown color, with verticillate hairs, moniliform and tapering from base to apex. No eyes or ocelli are visible, even under the microscope with an inch lens, nor can any trophi be seen, though there is a depression, near and behind the anterior legs, that probably represents the mouth cavity. The anterior legs are well de- veloped, though small, and armed with strong fossorial claws, probably of use to the insect in escaping from the pupal cyst, and in locomotion, as anchors. The posterior pairs of legs are slender and short, almost rudimental; the tarsi are 3-jointed, the two basal joints anchylosed, the apical freely articulated; each tarsus has one claw, very large relatively to the size of the leg —Epwyn C. REED.
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87
Notes and News.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE. _ [The Conductors of ENroMoLocicaL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
Toc Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached 4 circulation, both in uumbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.
In an English paper, the Odserver, of July 25, 1813, there is an account of a “swarm of Bees resting themselves on the inside of a lady’s parasol.” They were hived without any serious injury to the lady.
On the cover cf Ent. News for January, 1895, I notice the figure of a. moth named Composia olympia. Would it not be better to give the spe- cies its older name, C. fidedlissima H. S.? I have already called Mr. Butler’s attention to the fact that he had redescribed Herrich-Schaffer’s species, and the types of C. olympia are now placed in the British Mu- seum collection as C. fidellissima H.-S.—W. SCHAUS.
THe First Numser of the new volume (xxii) of the ‘‘ Transactions” of the American Entomological Society, now in press, will contain the
_ following papers: On the Oribatoidea of the United States, by Nathan
Banks; A Monograph of the tribe Bassini, by G. C. Davis; Descriptions of a few new Pimplinz, by G. C. Davis; Contributions to the Dipter- ology of North America, by C. H. Tyler Townsend.
Tue wild Locusts upon which St. John fed have given rise to great discussion—some authors asserting them to be the fruit of the carob tree, ‘while others maintain they were the true Locusts, and refer to the prac- tice of the Arabs in Syria at the present day. ‘‘ They who deny insects to have been the food of this holy man,’’ says Hasselquist, ‘‘urge that this insect is an unaccustomary and unnatural food; but they would soon be convinced of the contrary, if they would travel hither te Egypt, Arabia, or Syria, and take a meal with the Arabs. Roasted Locusts are at this time eaten by the Arabs, at the proper season, when they can procure them; so that in all probability this dish has been used in the time of St. John. Ancient customs are not here subject to many changes, and the victuals of St. John are not believed unnatural here; and I was as- sured by a judicious Greek priest that their church had never taken the word in any other sense, and he even laughed at the idea cf its being a bird or a plant.’’"— Cowan’s Curious Facts.
88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
THE entire library of Mr. C. H. T. Townsend, was destroyed by fire in “Las Cruces, New Mex., while he was East in January. He will be grateful to correspondents and others who will send him sets of their papers to enable him to replace those destroyed. He has removed to Brownsville, Texas, as Temporary Field Agent of the Division of Entomology U. S. Department of Agriculture.
In 1811, at Smyrna, at right angles to a flight of Locusts, a man rode forty miles before he got rid of the moving column. This immense flight continued for three days and nights, apparently without intermission. It was computed that the lowest number of Locusts in this swarm must have exceeded 168,608,563,000,000! Captain Beaufort determined that the Locusts of this flight, which he himself saw, if framed into a heap, would have exceeded in magnitude more than a thousand and thirty times the largest pyramid of Egypt; or, if put on the ground close together, in a band of a mile and an eighth in width, would have encircled the globe! This immense swarm caused such a famine in the district of Marwar, that the natives fled for subsistence in a living torrent into Guzerat and Bombay; and out of every hundred of these Marwarees, Captain Carnac estimates, ninety-nine died that year! Near the town of Baroda, these poor people perished at the rate of five hundred a day; and at Ahme- dabad, a large city of 200,000 inhabitants, 100,000 died from this awful visitation !—‘‘ Penny Magazine,’ 1843, p. 231.
THE Arabs believe the Locusts have a government among themselves
similar to that of the bees and ants; and when “Sultan Jeraad,” king of the Locusts, rises, the whole mass follow him, and not a solitary straggler
is left behind to witness the devastation. aE hoe himself, evidently ©
believed this from the manner he has narrated it (Morocco, p. 103). An Arab once asserted to this gentleman that he himself had seen the great ‘**Sultan Jeraad,’’ and described his lordship as being larger and more beautifully colored than the ordinary Locust (ibid. p. 106). Capt. Riley also mentions that each flight of Locusts is said to have a king which
directs its movements with great regularity (Narrative, p. 235). The
Chinese believe the same, and affirm that this leader is the largest indi- vidual of the whole swarm. Benjamin Bullifant, in his observations on the Natural History of New England, says: ‘‘The Locusts have a kind of regimental discipline, and, as it were, commanders, which show greater and more splendid wings than the common ones, and arise first when pursued by fowls, or the feet of a traveler, as I have often seriously re- marked.”’ ‘The truth, however, is found in the Bible: They have no king (Prov. xxx, 27).—Cowan’s Curious Facts.
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. : :
poh SBS. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89
Entomological Literature.
1. THE AMERICAN Naturatist. Philadelphia, January, 1895.—The - use of parasitic and predaceous insects, C. M. Weed.
2. Nature. London, Jan. 10, 1895.—The bird-winged butterflies of the East, W. F. Kirby, figs.
3. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History. London, January, 1895.—Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera from the Eastern Islands and Tropical America, H. Druce.—February, 1895. On the luminosity of midges (Chironomide), P. Schmidt (transl. from Zool. Jahrb.). On some insects collected in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell.
4. Compte RENbDv. L’ACADEMIE DEs SCIENCES. Paris, Dec. 31, 1894. —On the nests of Vespa crabro L.—order of appearance of the first al- veoli, C. Janet.
5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MuseEuM, xviii, No. 1041. Washington, Jan. 16, 1895.—Two new species of beetles of the Tene- brionid genus Echocerus, F. H. Chittenden.
de tie)
6. ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT, xv, I-4. Stockholm, 1894.—On the ' structure and habits of Hemimerus talpoides Walk., Dr. H. J. Hansen, 2 pls. Lipuridz from Florida, H. Schétt. Contribution to the knowledge of the Aradidz, E. Bergroth. Revision of the genus Corisa Latr. with respect to the Scandinavian species, H. D. J. Wallengren. Variability of Argynnis aphirape Hiibn. var. ossianus Herbst, J. Meves, figs. [Eco- nomic entomology], S. Lampa, 1 pl., figs. Practical entomology in Ryss- land, C. Grill. Jsaria densa (Link.) Fries, parasitic on Melolontha vul- _—-garis L., id. Parasiticida, S. Lampa. Revision of the Pseudoneuroptera he ; of Scandinavia, H. D. J. Wallengren. _ 7. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE 5 State University or Iowa iv, 1.—Supplement to the “ List of the Co- leoptera of Iowa City and vicinity,” H. F. Wickham.
ae, 8. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xx, 24. Berlin, December, 1894. _ Karl Lindeman’s “‘ Ueber den Bau-des Skelettes der Coleopteren; tiber den Bau des Thorax derselben,”’ a forgotten work, C. Verhoeff.
9. MITTHEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GE- __+‘-SELLSCHAFT, ix, 4. Schaffhausen, October, 1894.—On the classification _ of the Cetonidz, Dr. G. Schoch. Coleoptera Helvetica (cont.), Dr. G. _ Stierlin.
_ to. THE ZOOLOGICAL RECORD, Volume the Thirtieth. Being records _ of zoological literature relating chiefly to the year 1893. Edited by D. _ Sharp, M. A., etc. London: Gurney & Jackson, 1894.—Arachnida, 33 a pp. Myriopoda and Prototracheata, 11 pp. by R. I. Pocock. Insecta, 371 pp. by D. Sharp. ;
90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
11. ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, Ix, I, 2. Berlin, July, 1894.— Comparative morphology of the abdomen of the male and female Lam- pyridz, Cantharidz and Malachide, Dr. C. Verhoeff, 4 pls.—Ix, II, 2, November, 1894. Summary of the scientific results in the domain of Entomology during the year 1893, Dr. P. Bertkau, 276 pp.
12. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, Jan. 14, 1895.—On ampulla- like blood-circulatory organs in the head of different Orthoptera, M. Pawlowa.—January 21. Contributions to classification and development of fresh water mites, R. Piersig.
13. SCIENCE. New York, Jan. 25, 1895.—On certain habits and in- stincts of social insects, M. Hartog.
14. LA FAUNE DES CADAvRES.—Application de l’Entomologie a la Médecine Légale par P. Megnin. Paris, G. Masson, Gauthier-Villars et fils. Not dated. Received Jan. 29, 1895.—Forming a volume of the En- cyclopédie scientifiique des Aide-Mémoire; 214 pp., figs.
15. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Pt. cxix. London, November, 1894.—Arachnida Araneidea: pl. xvi, O. P. Cambridge. Coleoptera: vol. ii, pt. 1, pp. 465-488, D. Sharp [Colydiidz]; vol. iii, pt. 1, pp. 265-296, G. C. Champion [Serricornia]. Hymenoptera: vol. ii, pp. 313-328, P. Cam- eron [Mutillide]. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera: vol. ii, pp. 377-384, pl. Ixxxiii, F. D. Godman & O. Salvin [Hesperidz]. Rhynchota Homop- tera: vol. ii, pl. iii, W. W. Fowler [Membracidz].
16. THE NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. London, December, 1894.—Pupa hunting (cont.), H. G. Knaggs.—February, 1895. Pupa hunting (cont.), H. G. Knaggs. Adraxas grossulariata and its varieties, S. L. Mosley, figs.
17. SPECIES DES HYMENOPTERES D’EUROPE ET D’ALGERIE. Fondé par Edmond André et continué sous la direction scientifique de Ernest André; 49e fasc. Paris, M. Dubosclard, Jan. 1, 1895.—Contains pp. 401- 480, pls. xii-xiv, of vol. v, Braconidz.
18. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD. London, Jan. 15, 1895.—About larve, G. M. A. Hewett. The life-history of a lepidopterous insect—chap. iii. Parthenogenesis or Agamogenesis (cont.), J. W. Tutt.—Feb. 1, 1895. Generic names in the Noctuidze, A. R. Grote. Discussion on the nature of certain colors, W. S. Riding, R. Freer, J, W. Tutt.
19. JOURNAL OF THE NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ii, 4, De- cember, 1894.—Notes on Phalangidz, N. Banks. Note on the develop- ment of Deltocephalus inimicus Say, F. M. Webster. Preliminary re- vision of the Bombyces of America north of Mexico, B. Neumoegen and H. G. Dyar. Preliminary hand-book of the Coleoptera of northeastern America, C. W. Leng and W. Beutenmiiller, 1 pl. On the use of bisul- phide, A. P. Morse. An exodus of water beetles, W. T. Davis. Note on Xiphidium nemorale, W. Beutenmiiller.
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. gI
20. KNOWLEDGE. London, Feb. 1, 1895.—The Hessian fly, E. A. Butler, figs.
* 21. BULLETIN 78. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Entom. Div.—The cabbage-root maggot, with notes on the onion maggot and allied insects, M. V. Slingerland, pp. 481-577, 18 figs.
_ 22, INSEKTEN-BorsE, Leipsic, Nov. 15, 1894.—On the bases of varia- tion and aberration of the imago among Lepidoptera (cont.), Dr. M. Standfuss.
23. THE Entomo.ocist. London, February, 1895.—Dr. F. B. White (with portrait). The sense organs of insects: a speculation, J. Watson. Jumping beans and jumping eggs, C. C. Hopley. The cold Autumn of 1894, and its effects on certain species of the genus Vanessa, J. Arkle. Wood naphtha as a relaxing medium, R. South.
24. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW MEXICO COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC Arts, 1894. Las Cruces, N. M.—Entomology, T, D. A. Cockerell.—Bulletin No. 15, January, 1895. Entomological observations in 1894, Life zones in New Mexico, Entomological diary at Santa Fé, T. D. A. Cockerell. ;
25. PsycHe. Cambridge, Mass., February, 1895.—Rehabilitation of Podisma Latreille, S. H. Scudder. Two new species of Extomobrya, F. L. Harvey, figs. The Tipulid genera Bittacomorpha and Pedicia, J. M. Aldrich, fig. Gall of Zurytoma sp. on the cat’s-clawthorn, C. H. Tyler Townsend.
26. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Xxxviii, 13. Brussels, 1894,—Retiring President’s address—the Ichneumonidae, M. Tosquinet.—xxxix, 1, Jan. 31, 1895. New ants from various localities, especially from Australia, A. Forel.
27. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, xxi, 4 3. Philadelphia, June-September, 1894.—New species of Noctuidz from , tropical America, W. Schaus. A catalogue of :he described Jassoidea of North America, E. P. Van Duzee. Descriptions of new parasitic Hy- menoptera, W. H. Ashmead.
;
Ee ae. a Ps q
28. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., February, 1895. —The Coleoptera of Canada—vii. The Cucujidz of Ontario and Quebec, H. F. Wickham, figs. Summary of the U. S. Phasmidz, S. H. Scudder. Alypia mariposa larva, H. G. Dyar. Actias luna, H. H. Lyman. Cana- __ dian Coccide, T. D. A. Cockerell. Protective mimicry in spiders, F. M.
_ Webster. Prepios, Tamphana and Arotros--a review, H.G. Dyar. On _ the Coleoptera of New Mexico and Arizona, including biologic and cther notes, C. H. T. Townsend. Acridium americanum, J. A. Moffat.
E29. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAzINE. London, February, _ 1895.—Pre-occupied names and genera in the micro-lepidoptera, Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham. Relaxing and setting insects, W. Farren.
92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, ©
30. Insect LIF, vii, 3. Washington. Issued December, 1894. Re- ceived Feb. 11, 1895.—Damage by the American locust, L. O. Howard, figs. Chinch-bhg observations in Iowa in 1894, H. Osborn. The hiber- nation of the chinch-bug, C. L. Marlatt. The maple Pseudococcus (P. aceris Geoff.), L. O. Howard, figs. Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi (cont.), W. H. Ashmead. The codling moth double-brooded, - C. L. Marlatt. A new saw-fly which is injurious to hollyhocks, T. D. A. Cockerell. Note on Alylesinus sericeus, E. A. Schwarz, fig. A new parasite of Mytilaspis pomorum, L. O. Howard. The patent on the hy- drocyanic acid gas process declared invalid, D. W. Coquillett. A new pear insect, fig. Scorpions, centipedes and tarantulas. General notes.
31. CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE by Charles J. Maynard, vol. ii, 1. Newtonville, Mass., July, 1893.—Notes on a singular specimen of the Polyphemus moth, Atfacus polyphemus, pp. 36-38, figs.—No. 4, Decem-
ber, 1894. Defensive glands in a Bahama species of Phasma (pp. 191-193). .
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Weed 1, Lampa 6 (two), Grill 6 (two), Sharp to, Bertkau 11, Hartog
13, Megnin 14, Morse 19, Watson 23, South 23, Cockerell 24, 3, Farren 29,
Coquillett 30. MYRIAPODA. Pocock ro. ARACHNIDA. Pocock 10, Cambridge 15, Banks 19*, Piersig 12, Webster 28, Anon. 30. THYSANURA. Schott 6, Harvey 25*. ORTHOPTERA.
Hansen 6, Pawlowa 12, Beutenmiiller 19, Scudder 25, 28*, Moffat 28, Howard 30, Maynard 31.
NEUROPTERA. Wallengren 6. HEMIPTERA.
Bergroth 6*, Wallengren 6, Fowler 15, Van Duzee 27, Cockerell 28, Osborn 30, Marlatt 30, Howard 30.
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93
COLEOPTERA.
Chittenden 5*, Wickham 7, 28, Verhoeff 8, 11, Schoch 9, Stierlin 9, Sharp 15*, Champion 15*, Leng and Beutenmiiller 19, Davis 19, Hopley 23, Townsend 28, Ashmead 30, Schwarz 30, Anon. 30.
DIPTERA.
Schmidt 3, Butler 20, Slingerland 21, Aldrich 25*.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Kirby 2, Druce 3*, Meves 6, Godman & Salvin 15*, Knaggs 16, Mosley 16, Hewett 18, Tutt 18, Neumoegen and Dyar 19*, Standfuss 22, Arkle 23, Schaus 27* Dyar 28 (two), Lyman 28, Walsingham 29, Grote 18, Riding 18, Freer 18, Marlatt 30, Maynard 31.
HYMENOPTERA.
Janet 4, Cameron 15*, André 17, Townsend 25, Tosquinet 26, Ashmead 27*, 30*, Cock-erell 30*, Howard 30*, Forel 26*.
Doings of Societies.
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 12, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Dr. Henry Skinner, 716 N. Twentieth Street. Members present: Messrs. Bland, Fox, Johnson, Dr. Griffith, Hoyer, Boerner, Trescher, E. Wenzel, Dr. Castle, Haimbach, Seeber, H. W. Wenzel, Laurent and Schmitz. Honorary members: Drs. Geo. H. Horn, John B. Smith and Henry Skinner. Meeting called to order at 8.30 p.M., Presi- dent Bland presiding. Dr. Horn mentioned that the cocoons exhibited at the last meeting by Mr. Seeber as being found in palm wood are prob- ably formed by a species of Sphenophorus, as some of the species are known to transform in such places and make cocoons as described. He then exhibited a fine and complete series of Pleocoma and Plusiotis, giv- ing the life-history of Pleocoma, stating that nearly all the species came from California, south of San Francisco. Plusiotis woodii, of which he exhibited a fine pair, were captured along the Rio Grande, Texas, by Dr. Wood, of the University of Pennsylvania.
Prof. Smith stated that he had discovered an entirely new sexual char- acter in a species of Noctuidze, Remigia latipes, which consisted of a tuft of hair, resembling a brush, situated on the prothorax, which does not exist in any of the other species; he further stated that there would never be a true classification of Lepidoptera until a collection large enough should be formed, from which specimens could be taken and denuded ofetheir scales to allow of a thorough examination, instead of depending entirely on their superficial characters, as is mosfly the case at present.
94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Mr. Bland gave an interesting and graphic account of a trip he had made during last July along the banks of the Poho Poko Creek, which empties into the Lehigh River at Parryville, Pa., finding a few specimens of Ca- rabide, several of Berosus, Dineutes, Haliplus, Dryops and a number of Elmtis.
Mr. Fox exhibited a bee, Eulema dimidiata, which he had recently received from Mexico, calling attention to the remarkable development of its tongue, which equaled the length of the body; he also exhibited a drawing of the tongue, showing the peculiar brush-like tip, which is present in the typical bees.
Mr. Johnson exhibited specimens of Diptera and Hymenoptera, calling attention to the mimicry of these species; this brought forth a general discussion on the powers of mimicry in the insect world; various cases being cited where it had been observed. Dr. Horn, however, questioned the correctness of the use of the term, stating that in his opinion it was nothing more than a resemblance, which is very likely the true definition, as it seems very improbable that any insect is itself responsible for the imitative qualities it may possess, as it is no doubt simply thus endowed by nature for its self-protection, in the absence of the sense of reasoning,
There being no further business the meeting adjourned to partake of an excellent banquet provided by Dr. Skinner.
This meeting will no doubt prove a memorable one to its members, notably every member being present, and the spirit of the meeting being of a characteristically scientific nature, the discussions continuing even after the members had done ample justice to the viands set before them. Dr. Horn occupied the chair of honor, Dr. Skinner acting as toast-master and calling on Drs. Horn and Smith, and Messrs. Bland and H. W. Wenzel; the responses bringing forth many interesting historical facts pertaining to entomology probably never recorded.
THEO. H. Scuitz, Secretary.
The Entormological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
JANUARY 24, 1895.
A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, director, presiding. Members present: Horn, E, T. Cresson, Skinner, Welles, Seiss, Calvert, Laurent, Johnson, Fox, Ridings. Associates: Dr. Castle and Mr. Reinick. Mr. Fox exhibited specimens of Z/is tricincta and Pompilus juzta, taken at Lake Worth, Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. These have not been found in the United States prior to this time, being West Indian species. Mr.
* F ae tw as, — hs.
CO ee
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95
Johnson spoke of his studies of some Diptera as follows: The results of my recent study of the genus Sfratiomyia may be summarized as follows: the number of species in Osten Sacken’s catalogue recorded north of Mexico is twenty-nine; to this number Bigot has since added six, a total of thirty-five. Of these fourteen have been reduced to synonymy, six remain unidentified, one has been referred to a new genus, and two new species have been described. This leaves for our consideration sixteen species; these are divided into three groups, the first Stratiomyia, s. s¢r., contains five species; the second, Thereodonta, two; and the third, Nor- mula, nine.- The color pattern is still largely used in distinguishing spe- cies, but in almost every case the male and female have both been studied.
Dr. Horn stated that his paper on Scymnus was nearly completed, and that he hoped to present it at the next meeting. Mr, Calvert quoted from Dr. Riley’s presidential address to the Ent. Society of Washington of February, 1894, that no species of Odonata habitually hibernated, and stated that Sympycna fusca has been found to regularly pass the Winter in the imago state, in numbers, in France.
Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
Preparatory stages of Phlegethontius cingulata. By Harrison G. Dyar.
I find that the life-history of this Sphinx has not been written. The larve occurred commonly on morning-glory vines near Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.
£gg.—Flliptical, nearly spherical, not flattened ; smooth, shining, nearly colorless and translucent, with a greenish tinge; size 1.3.x 1.1 x 1.1 mm. Under a half inch objective the surface is smooth, shining, covered with circular shallow pits of varying size and irregularly distributed. Found on a leaf of bomaa tuberculata Roem. and Sch.
First stage.—On hatching, entirely white, with a black horn. Head rounded, not shining, pale greenish yellow, mouth a little darker, ocelli brown; width .55 mm. Body cylindrical, smooth, shining, distinctly an- nulated, uniform whitish, the food giving a dark green shade by trans- parency. A faint, narrow, white subdorsal line ending at the horn. Horn Straight, thick, blunt at the end, black and minutely setose, its length
a 1.5mm.
al Second stage.—Head rounded, pale green, with many white setiferous _ granulations; ocelli black; width 1 mm. Body granular, the granules
4 -setiferous, white; color pale green; caudal horn black spinose, tapering, _ 2.5 mm. long.
96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Third stage (dimorphic).—Head rounded, green, with conical white granulations; a faint yellowish line runs up before the ocelli, in the brown form followed by a black shade posteriorly; width 1.8mm. Body cylin- drical, annulated, covered with white granulations; a very faint subdorsal line and indications of the seven oblique lateral lines, in the brown form preceded by black shades; spiracles surrounded by black and similarly colored marks on all the feet; spiracles ocherous.
Fourth stage.—Head uniform light green, thickly covered with small, round, white tubercles; a vertical whitish line before the black ocelli, width 3.2 mm. Body roughened with many white granulations like those on the head, more elongated on the caudal horn and bearing there minute sete; color green, with a whitish shading and seven oblique lateral lines on joints 5-11, the last produced over joint 12 to the base of the horn, the others reaching from before the spiracle to subdorsal region, but con- tinued back on the succeeding segment by a faint white shade. Lines pale yellow, preceded by a bright green shade and marked centrally by a small dash of light purple. Horn green, yellow at tip; thoracic feet red- brown; spiracles rusty brown, bordered narrowly with ocher.
Fifth stage (green form).—Head higher than wide, rounded, flat in front, smooth, shagreened; leaf green, with a broad, black, vertical band on each side covering the ocelli, which it just encloses by its well-defined anterior border; before it the ground color assumes a yellowish tint and preceding this yellowish shade is a faint, blackish clouded band; width 6mm. Body plump and robust, the segments annulated; head slightly retracted below joint 2, and joint 2 below joint 3; but body elsewhere of uniform size. Horn large, tapering, curved backward, covered with short ‘tubercles which bear very minute setze. Body smooth, colored leaf green, a little mottled with whitish, with the following purplish brown mottled marks: a patch covering the thoracic feet and their bases; an oblique, subventral patch on joint 6 analogous to the marks covering the abdomi- nal feet, each of which extends upward and forward obliquely in a broad band, ending at the anterior border of the segment; the one covering the anal foot extends along subventrally to the anterior edge of joint 11; sub- anal plate green, contrasting with the nearly black bases of the feet, bor- dered above by a faint brown subdorsal shade; a broad, subdorsal band, enlarged centrally on each segment, begins behind the cervical shield, widens and sends out an arm obliquely forward and downward on joints 5-11, each of which ends at the anterior edge of the segment before the spiracle. The band narrows on joint 11 posteriorly and ends at the horn, which is colored blackish brown with small greenish tip. The lateral branches of the subdorsal band are edged posteriorly with white, repre- senting the usual oblique stripes; spiracles black, with a linear ocherous border and central dividing line, those on joints 5-12 surrounded bya circular black patch, contiguous (except on joint 12) to the oblique lateral lines. Length about 115 mm.; of horn 7 mm.
(Brown form) Head flesh-brown; a vertical black stripe over ocelli and
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97
another near clypeus; sutures and jaws black. Body flesh-brown, densely covered with small, rounded, purplish black, confluent spots, almost cov- ering thesurface. Feet, cervical shield and venter entirely purplish black; on joints 3 and 4 a broad dorsal and narrow subdorsal bright brown band. Lateral oblique lines indicated by heavier mottlings above and predomi- nence of the ground color below; spiracles black, with orange-red and central line, surrounded by black.
Pupa.—Tongue case large, distant from the body, extending to near the middle of the cases then recurved along the body to near its origin, rounded and a little enlarged at the end; cremaster broad, flat, narrowing laterally and ending in four short spines; color bright mahogany-red, darker on tongue case, cremaster nearly black. Length 64 mm.; width of thorax 15 mm.; length of tongue case about 47 mm.; distance from origin to joint of recurvature 21 mm.; diameter of tongue case 2.5 mm.
, Vv
THE COMPOUND EYE.
_ By E. BRENDEL.
The anatomical and physiological comparison of the organ of vision is certainly a most difficult undertaking. Though the study of the eye of the vertebrate animals has progressed during the last century in an ad- mirable way, notwithstanding there are left many obscure points which will perhaps never he elucidated. We do not know anything concerning the reversion of the image, nor the physiology of the cones, or bacillz. The art of photography has helped us considerably in proving the law of vision. The momentary retension of an image by the exposure to the eye of a living vertebrate animal for the reception of the projection of an object on the retina has been proved in a chemical way by developing and fixing the image on the retina, demonstrating a physiological analogy of the photographic camera and the eye.
The image in the camera appears to us not convex, but as a geometrical projection, if the object is in all its parts equally illuminated, that is, shade- less. The presence of light and shade with its delicate gradation alone produce the imagination of rotundity in a rather defective way.
In the human eye the image is also plain when we use only one eye, but there are other additional factors than the shades of the object pro- ducing the perception of rotundity. There is our experience by touch assisting our eye—then the very defect of our vision, seeing sharply only such parts of the object which lie nearest to the optical axis is partly cor- rected by the combined use of our two eyes as each one receives an image from a different standpoint. The axes of vision of our eyes are conver- gent and adjustable. One eye sees parts of the object which the other cannot see; but the congruity of the images makes us in reality see more than the geometrical projection of the object on the singlé retina and cor- fects the flatness of the image. The photographer imitates nature by
E saicd
98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
combining two such images into one, the stereoscopic pictures which bring out the convexity of object provided we use each eye for the pictures on its own side only.
The mobility of the eyeball and the changes of the form of the lens by the ciliary muscles are other factors assisting the perception of rotundity.
Now, in the eyes of the insects all these accommodations to vision are wanting. The eyes are immobile, either single isolated eyelets (ocelli) or arranged in semi-globular clusters (compound eyes). The axes of vision of the eyelets in one cluster are divergent, nearing parallelism only with its next neighbor—eyelet. The form of the eyelet is not a globe, but a cylindrical cone, or, a better idea would be furnished by expunging from the globular eye a conical piece of the diameter of the cornea through the centre to the retina. The sensitive retinal portion is for that reason not so extensive as the corneal portion. The length of the cone is re- versely proportional to the convexity of the cornea; the more convex the cornea the shorter the focus, the shorter the cone, the more divergent the axes of vision of two neighbor-eyelets, the more convex the cluster of the eyelet and the smaller the number of eyelets in one cluster. The re- verse holds good in the same manner; the less convex the cornea the more numerous the eyelets and the less divergent are the axes of vision,
The isolated ocelli seem to be more resembling the form of the verte- brate eye. In the spiders they are arranged by fours in two transverse curves on the front and on the vertex of the head, which is much more movable than in the hexapodal insects and the visual axes by twos are supposed to be almost parallel, consequently have a greater range of vision,
As we do not know the physiological action of the parts of the retina in our own eye, much less we should speculate on the anatomy of the insect eye. We do not know even the situation of the sensitive parts,
but we certainly know that the vision is very good, and the optical law are as applicant as with our own eye, and that the sensitive part must be-
situated at the end of the transparent part.
The brainal mass is transverse, connecting the ocelli and eye-clusters, One may suspect that there is a compensation of at least two neighboring ocelli for the formation of a perspective connected image of an object.
The spherical arrangement of the eyelets of a cluster as they are rep- resented by the eyes of hexapod orders of insects, and in the fossil trilo- bites necessitate the more conical form of the single eyelet with a very limited range of vision and a divergence of the optical axes. If there is no compensation of neighboring eyelets, or of eyelets of the two clusters with parallel or convergent axes of vision as they really exist in large,
prominent clusters, or where the cluster occupy aimost the whole head
the single eyelet would see only a small part of the object, and the several partial images could not form a truly connected image of the whole object.
The idea of unconnected vision was held by Johannes Miiller, and is known as the theory of the mosaic vision, which is, I think, generally re-
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99
jected. The clusters of each side is connected by a rather massive trans- verse cylinder of nerve- or brain-matter, an apparently unnecessary ar- rangement—if the cluster or some of their respective eyelet would not co-operate. Such a co-operation would certainly only exist between eye- lets with parallel or convergent axes of vision and the clusters would be
- very large and prominent, exhibiting parallel or convergent eyelets all
€
along the circumference of both the clusters. This is the condition of the eyes in all fast moving insects as in Cicindela, Cistela, dipterous, neurop- terous and lepidopterous insects in their imago state, and these insects avoid collisions by deviating in a distance of several meters, while others, as some Tenebrionidze and all those living in dark places or moving slowly possess flat lateral clusters, often situated on the inferior surface of the head. e
Probably the peripheral eyelets of the large clusters of fast moving insects would be useful for perceiving distant objects and the eyelets nearer the centre of the cluster, single or combined with its neighbor- eyelet, but unable to receive the same rays as the opposite cluster for near lateral objects only.
The movements of the Cicinde/a indicate the use of the peripheral eyelets for a clearer perception of objects. When approached sideways they do not move as quickly away, but turn their front or back towards the approaching object evidently for a clearer inspection. But there is another habit to be considered: one can observe the Cicinde/a for quite a length of time without alarming the insect, but as soon as you move its motions signalize that you are seen. When they are in motion, or the object is in motion, they evidently see quicker. When we look at the sun or other brightly illuminated object and turn our eyes toward a dark surface or close our eyes, we see a number of those bright objects which appear even after we annihilate the images by opening our eyes and closing them again; or, in other words, the retina retains for a certain time the images received. If we admit the existence of the law of the retinal retention of images in the arthropod as well as in the vertebrate eye, the photographer may demonstrate the production of a continued image in the eye clusters by the successive momentary exposure of a fast moving animal to the photographic plates and the effect of the moving series of pictures on our eyes when viewed through a small hole in a piece of pasteboard. We see then only one image of the animal in lively motion. When the image of a moving object falls successively on the retinula of a row of eyelets, or when the insect is in motion exposing the
“retina of a row of eyelets to the image of an object at rest the eflect must
be the same. These are certainly all merely presumptions based on the physiological
_ actions of the vertebrate eye, but I do not see any reason to doubt that
the laws and facts of vision in the insect eye be based on different princi-
_ ples. The structure of the compound eye is so different, that one might
_ doubt whether insects see at all or see multiple images or only small parts
100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {March,
of an object, but by applying the retinal compensation and the retention of images a great many otherwise incomprehensible points may become reasonably clear, notwithstanding that we do not know for certain the locality of the projected image as we do on the retina of the vertebrate eye. We surely must be convinced by even the most superficial obser- vation that insects see, and see very sharply. It may be even pardonable to presume that insects are not color blind, and that not merely shades direct their motions.
Accessory assistance by touch or other senses, even mental co-opera- tion ought not, in my opinion, be excluded or flatly denied. Moreover, to call, as some pretentious pastors do, the non-meaning term ‘‘instinct’’ to the assistance of science, is simply covering ignorance and indolence, ‘“denn wo Begriffe fehlén da stellt zur recten Zeit ein Wort sich ein.’’— Goethe’s Faust.
Remark.—Those who have had opportunity to observe blind cave in- sects and the effect of light on them could furnish valuable suggestions on that subject.
2D Vv
LARVA OF ORNEODES, ; By H. G. Dyar.
I am able to add a reference to the Orneodidz to my article in the February number of the News, pages 38-40. The larve were received just too late to make the correction.
From the larval characters, Orneodes hexadactyla belongs to the most typical section of the microlepidoptera. I have received also a number of larve of Pterophorida. Some of them possess the characters of the micros, so that my super-families Micro- lepidoptera and Anthrocerina are not sharply separated. This indicates that the Orneodidz and Pterophoridz are not so very distantly related.
I have also before me the larva of Heterogynis paradoxa. As it is an exposed feeder, it has lost the circle of hooks on the pro- legs and possesses the structure of the ‘‘ Macrolepidoptera.”’ Nevertheless, the larval setze show it to belong to the micros, as do also the characters of venation.
This number contains thirty-six pages.
ENTOMOLOGICAL News for February, was mailed January 31, 1895.
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vou. vi. APRIL, 1895. No. 4. CONTENTS: Webster—Thomas Say ......s.eeeeeeee 101 Horn—Vesperoctenus flohri Bates..... 114 Hulst—North American Geometrina in MROTIAU aes dacese ds asso ened ss 6 tee tt 116 European collections...........+.- 103-| Economic Entomology...............+ 118 Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race IIGtES As NONS os ac sé acct ewe Caeasase 123 MOPMOOUN ciWer'a as cnd ccussesesse ys 107 | Entomological Literature ............. 125 Fall—Aphodius rugifrons.............. 108 | Doings of Societies..............2-.5-- 130 Slingerland—A curious hammock and Entomological Section. ..........-..+.- 131 ie IMMER ie piceweckesncvtss apse. > tog | Coquillett—A new Volucella from Wash- Skinner—Notes on Rhopalocera, with SS Se pee tee Pee cis ane descriptions of new species........ 112 :
THOMAS SAY.—IV. ot By Prof. F. M. WEBsTER, Ohio.
The vault in which are deposited all that remains of the ‘‘ Father of American Entomology,”’
in the March number of the News. The view of the vault and monument here presented is taken from Main Street and looking slightly south of west. The monument is of white marble, about six feet in height, the sculpture being sufficiently indicated by the engraving. It was erected in 1846, twelve years after the
_ death of Say, by Alexander Maclure, at the request of his brother
William, and bears the following inscriptions :
EAST. FACE. Thomas Say. The Naturalist. Born in Philadelphia, July 27, 1787. Died at a tad Harmony, October 10, 1834. SOUTH FACE.
of the founders of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ; January 25, 1812.
4
with the monument erected to his ‘memory by Alexander Maclure, brother of William Maclure, is located in the rear of the house in which Thomas Say breathed his last on Oct. 10, 1834, and which was shown in the illustration.
pot
102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April,
WEST FACE.
The friend and companion of William Maclure, whose surviving brother erected this monument. 1846--A.M.
NORTH FACE.
Votary of Nature even from a child,
He sought her presence in the trackless wild ;
To him the shell, the insect, and the flower
Were bright and cherished emblems of her power. In her he saw a spirit all divine,
And worshipped like a pilgrim at her shrine.
The vault is of brick, arched, and entirely covered over with earth and grassy sward, its dimensions being about twelve by fourteen feet, the length extending from north to south, and the monument standing at the north end. The elevation of the mound is about three feet, while the excavation below ground is about six feet. Along the two sides and north end of this crypt, on the inside, there extend two platforms or terraces of solid brickwork, and on those on the east and west sides are deposited the remains of Alexander Maclure, Anna Maclure, and Margaret Maclure, brother and sisters of William Maclure, while on one of those on the north end, and nearest to the monument, are slowly mouldering away the mortal remains of Thomas Say, they having been disinterred and brought from their original resting-place in the cemetery by Mr. Maclure, at present represented by the bones only, all else being in a state of complete decay. Until within a year the vault contained also the remains of Mr. David Dale Owen, but these have recently been removed and interred in a cemetery near New Harmony. Very few persons have ever had an opportunity of viewing the inside of this crypt, and for a description, as well as a number of other points of information in this series of sketches, I am indebted to my esteemed friend, Mr. John B. Elliott, of New Harmony.
The writer will never forget a most impressive and beautiful view of the.tomb and monument witnessed by him on a bright frosty morning in late November several years ago. As the guest of Colonel and Mrs Owen, he was assigned a room looking out upon the grounds included in the accompanying engraving. The night had been clear and frosty, the crystals forming thickly over every exposed object and increasing the dimensions of the
; eta
. ’ ilk eS.
a
1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. P - 103
slender twigs and kindered objects until they appeared several times magnified. On throwing back the shutters in the early morning the whole area—the tomb and monument especially, as appeared to me, were shrouded in purest white, thickly bespan- gled over with the most brilliant jewels of silver and gold—a fitting mantle, I thought, for the pure and unselfish man who slept so calmly and peacefully beneath its folds.
ray
NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—V. By Geo. D. Hutst.
(Continued from page 73, vol. vi, ENT. NEws)
Patridava tensaria Wik. 1689, is Tornos approximaria Pack.
_ and isthe same as Exelis pyrolaria Gn. i, 324. Tornos infuma-
taria Grt., the type in the Museum is the same species.
Lepiodes scolopacinaria Gn. i, 360, is Tornos rubiginosus Morr.
Scotosia inexplicata W\k. 1722, is a Noctuid upon the author- ity of Mr. Hampson, and I agree with him. The type lacks one front wing, and is otherwise in poor condition. Mr. Butler writes me: ‘‘I have placed it tentatively in the genus Azarta, which it much resembles in pattern.”’
Apicia denticulata Wik. Sup. 1544, is also.a Noctuid. ‘‘It is the rusty form of Pleonectypiera-pyralis Hbn., previously de- seribed by Walker as zrrecta, and by Grote as geometralis.”’ Mr. Hampton called my attention to the species, and Dr. Butler independently wrote me concerning it, and gave the synonym which I quote. i
Cidaria rigidata Wik. 1727, is a synonym of Anficlea vasaliata Gn. ii, 407.
Cidaria explagiata Wik. 1728, Larentia arctica Zell., Geometra albimacularia Frey, and Cidaria fulvida Butler are put by Mr. Warren as synonymous of Perizoma teniata Steph. There is probably some mistake here. Walker, in his description, says
his type is from Nova Scotia. If I am not mistaken in my notes,
the Museum type is from St. Petersburgh, Russia.
Drepanodes siculata Gn. i, 67, is the same as D. perizonata Hulst. _ Apicia juncturaria Gn. i, 88, is Drepanodes effascinaria Hulst. Apicia incopularia Gn. i, 89, is the same species.
104° ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
Apicia spinitaria Gn. i, 85, is aSouth American insect, which 1 do not believe was ever taken in North America. It is, I think, an undoubted error in locality. oe
Metrocampa pregrandaria Gn. i, 128, is the same as IZ, per- data Gn., and has priority on the page.
Ellopia placearia Gn. i, 132, is very near to Tetracis mellitu- daria Hulst. The latter is at best a variety. .
Eurymene emargitaria Gn. i, 145, is the same as E. arrogaria Hulst, and is not &. fervidaria H.-Sch.
The type of Metanema forficaria Gn. i, 112, is lost. I have little doubt it is the same as 7etracis egrotata Gn. The type of Timandra viridipennaria may also be lost. It ought, by color, to be easily identified, but I cannot locate it. It may possibly be Nemoria pistacearia Gn., or NV. tepperaria Hulst.
The type of Bronchelia dendraria Gn. is lost, but there is no doubt that it is a variety of B. hortaria. Tephrosia amplaria WIk. 405, is the same species, as is also Bronchelia disserptaria WIk. 451.
Tephrina muscariata Gn. ii, 98, is Semiothisa delectata Hulst.
' Selidosema feminaria ii, 149, is not a synonym or variety of S. juturnaria Gn. ii, 147, but a dark form of 7ephrosia celataria Hulst.
Aspilates sigmaria Gn. ii, 184, and Ellopia aniusaria Wk. 1507, are the same as Aujitchia ribearia Fitch.
Eupithecia subapicata Gn. ii, 331, is the same as £&. occidentalis Pack.
Melanippe tduata Gn. ii, 403, is Rheumaptera fluctuata L.
The type of Coremia convallaria Gn. ii, 410, is lost. It seems to me it must be Ochyria lignicolorata Pack. from the description. The existence of the three rows of black points seems conclusive. -
The type of Coremia plebeculata Gn. ii. 417, is lost. I feel certain, however, it is the same as Ochyria carneata Pack.
Spargania magnoliata Gn. ii, 455, is one with Glaucopteryx — cumulatilis Grt.
Cidarta mancipata Gn. ii, 468, is oe Petrophita leoninata Pack. The type is lost.
The type of Eubolia custodiata Ga. ii, 491, is lost.
The following species, accidently overlooked by me while at the Museum, were determined for me by Dr. Butler, and they have been given their places in the body of this article :
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105
Tephrina retectata Wik. 959 = Psamatodes eremiata Gn. Cid- aria albopunctata Morr. = Caripeta divisata Wik. I had already determined this from the description. Aspé/ates intermicata W\k.
1076 = A. pervaria Pack. LEnnomos concisaria Wik. 1551 =
Endropia serrata Dru. This also I had located from the de- scription. Camplogramma abruptata Wik. = Semiothisa gran- ttata Gn.
Dr. Butler also infornis me there may be types of the Canada species of the D’ Urban collection in the Albert Memorial Museum at Exeter, where Mr. D’ Urban was curator.
The following species of Walker I was not able to find in the Museum, nor do their names appear in the very complete manu- script catalogue of the collection :
Acidalia arcticaria, 1594; A. suppressaria, 1594; A. inclusaria, 1596; A. albifera, List Sup., 1625; Aspilates abbreviata, List 1673; A. donotaria, 1674; Stegania guadrinotata, 1759; Zeph- vina pervelata, 1760.
The following species of Walker, described from D’ Urban col-
lection, are probably lost. They were given to the Entomo-
logical Society of Ontario, and were in its possession in 1876. Somehow since, they have disappeared and are almost surely destroyed by Dermestes. These were described in the ‘‘ Cana- dian Naturalist,’’ vols. v and vi, and about the same time in the British Museum List. The references are to the list :
Cleora tinctaria, 486 ; Boarmia convergaria, 488 ; B. ejectaria, 489; Macaria spilosaria, 1641.
As said above, B. convergaria and B. ejectaria were declared by Mr. Grote to be synonyms, though he did not state of what species. As he made reference in this remark to six species, Cleora tinctarta and MV. spilosaria may have been included.
Through an accidental overlooking of the types which may not exist, in the case of those of Guenée, I did not see the fol- lowing :
Boarmia clivinaria Gn. Phal. i, 245; Tephrina sabularia Gn. ii, 205 : Phibalapteryx floridata W\k. 1719; Pseudosiona taylorata Butler.
The following were described from colored pictures of Abbott, and may yet be identified :
Boarmia porcellaria Gn. Phal. i, 252; Ceratonyx satanaria Gn. i, 194.
106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
The following I have not been able to positively identify, and cannot locate the types, if indeed they exist :
Phatena bicolorata Fabr. Sup. 149-150; Oporabia punctipes Curtis, Appen. Ross’ 2nd voy. p. 73; Phastane cruciata Grt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1883, p. 55 ; Aydriomena transversata Kelli- cott, Buff. Bull., vol. v, 45, 1886; Pryocycla johnsondria Fitch, N. Y. Reports, xili, 530.
Of these O. punctipes is almost certainly Glaricopteryx polata ; of P. cruciata I have lately seen the type and is one with 2. curvata Grt. H. transversatais probably 77. truncata. The type is lost. . johnsonaria is almost certainly Endropia.bilinearia Pack. and antedates it. /
The following are shown in colored figures, but I feel uncer- tain about them : :
Phalena virginiaria Cram., vol. iii, p. 275, f. G; Arrhostia lumenaria Hiib., Zutr. f. 757-758 ; Hypargytts pustularia Hib., f. 103-104; Dysstroma morosata Hiib., 879-880; Petrophora divisata Hiib., Ex. Schm., Lep. v, Pet. B, Flavea; Eulepidotis alabastaria Hiib., f. 311-312; Larentia profugaria H.-Sch. Auseu. Schm., f. 410-411.
P. virginiaria looks like Bronchelia hortaria; A. lumenaria is very probably Ephyra pendulinaria Gn.; H. pustularia is likely Eumacaria brunnearia Pack. D. morosata may not be from the United States, as the locality is given as ‘‘ Nord Amerika.’’ £. alabastaria may be Acidalia enucleata Guen.
Mr. Warren has quite a number of new species from North America in the British Museum collection. They have type labels and manuscript names upon them, but have not yet been described. I have made no mention of them in these notes, as they have as yet no scientific standing. The most of them are synonyms of already described species, and with one or two exceptions none have, I think, anything more than varietal standing.
THE youth of Germany, Jaeger says, are extremely fond of Field- crickets, so much so, that there is scarcely a boy to be seen who has-not several small boxes made expressly for keeping these insects in. So much delighted are they, too, with their music, that they carry these boxes of crickets into their bed-rooms at night, and are soothed to sleep with their chirping lullaby.—Zi/e of Amer. Jns., p. 114.
MON ae
1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107
ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM.
By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 80, vol. vi, ENT. NEws.)
Professor Packard argues against increasing the burden of nomenclature ; but there is good reason why names should be given, if they could only be attributed intelligently. Let us suppose that a man breeds an insect and produces from the larvee two distinct forms—-one typical and the other sufficiently numer- ous in proportion to the whole brood that it is assured to be a variety rather than an aberration. According to Prof. Smith and Dr. Skinner, it would be best not to name this new variety, because it is known positively, despite its extreme difference in appearance, to what species it belongs. He therefore merely
reports his work without assigning a name. Fifty years after
him a student discovers a form, new to him, and not in the col- lections of his acquaintances. He cannot be held responsible for not knowing what the first man wrote, for he might be unable to obtain the work in which the record was made. He would, therefore, be tempted to consider it a new species. If, however, the first man named his variety the name would always appear in our check lists, and the student would instantly know that his supposed new form might be but a variety, and with the name in the check list to suggest such a search he would look for the record and find it. I think that names should be given to all distinct and permanently occurring forms for this reason. In the matter of varieties, if there is only the typical and one extreme form, the latter being more abundant than any of the intergrades, then I would name the extremes, because they, the typical and the extreme, could always be dissociated from the intergrades, and thus represent something distinctive. Where there are several distinct forms, which can be dissociated from the inter- grades, then each distinct form should receive a varietal name regardless of the existence of intergrades.
The local race should also receive a name, for it is very close to a new species in the order of evolution.
Dimorphic and sexual forms should receive names to indicate to the student that they belong to a known species.
Aberrations should rarely receive a name until found in suff- cient numbers to indicate that the prophecy of a forthcoming variety might be fulfilled. I think examples of opposite sexes, though only one of each were found, would suffice for this.
108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [April,
APHODIUS RUGIFRONS. By H. C. FAL.t.
Among the species of Aphodius occurring in So. California, A. rugifrons is, in several respects, peculiar. Unlike every other species of the genus with which I am acquainted, the approach of Winter rather than of Spring is the signal for its appearance. Like Pleocoma, it should be sought immediately after the first considerable rainfall in November or December.
For several years I have at this season taken examples of this species, but as it is called for by every eastern collector with whom I have exchanged, the supply has never equaled the demand. The past season I determined to make special effort
to renew my stock, and began to look for it as early as the latter -
part of October. As I anticipated, however, not an individual appeared until the first rain of consequence, which occurred December 5-8. Asearch through the garden on the gth revealed dozens of specimens ; almost every small object lying on the surface sheltered one or more, while the numerous little openings in the damp soil showed the manner of their advent. In colora- tion the elytra are normally yellow with black markings, but about one example in ten is entirely piceous. The size also varies, unusually .10 to .15 inch, the smallest specimens being in this respect inferior to every other species in our fauna.
In addition to the above it may be remarked that never in my experience have the beetles been seen on the wing, nor have they ever been found in situations usual to the species of the genus.
The limited geographical range, time of appearance, small size, retiring habits and brief stay, are factors which have com- bined to make rugifrons up to this time a rarity in collections.
Besides rugifrons, | have taken in So. California gvanarius, lividus, alternatus, rubidus, militaris, pardalis and /uxatus. With the exception of granarius and rudidus, none are at all common, while Zividus and pardalis, so far as I know, have not been re- corded from this section.
A very pretty species of Cetoniide, the Agestrata luconica, is of a fine brilliant metallic-green, and found in the Philippine Islands. These the ladies of Manilla keep as pets in small bamboo cages, and carry them wheresoever they may go.—Baird’s Cyclop. Nat. Sci., London, 1858.
aT
& %
armas
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109
A CURIOUS HAMMOCK AND ITS MAKER. Coriscium cuculipennellum Hiibner. By M. V. SLINGERLAND, Ithaca, N. Y.
In 1890 I noticed that several of the leaves on a young ash tree near my office window had been rolled into peculiar cones by some insect. The same year, while reading that quaint and charming little volume on ‘‘ Insect Transformations,’’ written by Rennie three-score years before, I found, on page 324, an inter- esting account (from Bonnet) of this or a similar ingenious cone- maker. This account led me to study the insect more closely, with the results given below.
I succeeded in rearing some of the adult insects in July, 1891. In the figure A is shown one of the grayish fuscous moths, - about three times natural size ; the markings on the wings are of a dark-brown color. A specimen was sent to Dr. Fernald, who finally decided (in January, 1893) that it was a new species ; and he gave it the manuscript name of Coriscitum slingerlandella. Anyone whose name has thus been applied to some insect can understand the peculiar interest with which I then looked upon the little creature. But Dr. Fernald had sent one of my moths
to Lord Walsingham in February, 1892. Nearly a year later, and about a month after Dr. Fernald had named the moth, word
came from Lord Walsingham that the insect was identical with one of Hiibner’s species, cuculipennellum. Dr. Fernald has
called attention to the fact that the insect had never been ob-
served in this country before (‘‘ Canadian Entomologist,’’ xxv, 196). It was with a slight twinge of regret that I relabeled my specimens with the equally long name, and proceeded to search the literature for some account of its habits;which might sup- plement my observations. -I found that Ragonot had given a detailed account of its life-history in 1873 (Bull. de Soc. Ent. de France, pp. 166-168).
The following account of the life-history of this curious ham- mock-maker is drawn from my observations and from the accounts of Rennie and Ragonot: The pretty little moths emerge in the latter part of Summer or early Fall and doubtless hibernate. They come forth in the Spring and ‘‘ deposit a single egg upon the upper surface of the leaf by the side of the mid-rib near the tip. A week or ten days later the larva leaves the egg and
1@ fe)
introduces itself under the epidermis. the petiole, it mines a long and straight gallery the length of the The cast skin which it de- tauken't is extremely fine, shining and silvery, resembling the trace of a The pale redish-brown ex- crement is scattered in the mine. Arriving at the petiole, the larva ascends near the edge and suddenly . enlarges its mine in the form of a plate, and the edge of the aft is curved up and rolled. Soon it is no longer contented with ruminating in the leaf, and attacks it
Poe Fic. A.
directly, devouring tion of its habita the leaf. This comes too narrow upon another leaf.’’ it begins at the tip obliquely into a the whole leaf is in the figure C;
portion of it, as in’
“served the mining but the curious ous objects among
in June (in August in France).
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Directing itself towards
[April,
a considerable por- tion at the edge of lodging soon _be- for it, and it goes (Ragonot). Here and rolls the leaf cone. Sometimes involved, as shown but usually only a B. I have never ob- habits of the insect, cones are conspicu- the normal foliage
The larva continues to feed upon
the edges of the leaf that are rolled into the interior of its conical home. About June 15 the larva reaches ma-
turity, and is then from 8-10 mm. long, and of a light yellgwish flesh color, greenish dorsally,
the head a little darker than the body, and the mouth-parts brownish. pro-legs borne by the third, fourth, fifth and tenth abdominal segments. considerably wrinkled, and the whole body is sparsely clothed with quite long whitish hairs. In its preparation to transform one must ad- mire the larva’s foresight and intelligence.
It has four pairs of
The segments are
It Fic. C,
first eats almost through the leaf over a small round area, taking care to leave only the outer epidermis of the leaf, and thus forms
he
gtr
rol VRE
2 z es
Wipe,
IS Ae ek
Pee ani
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Ill
a little window, scarcely larger thana pin’s head. This epidermal window-pane serves to keep out all foes, and, as we shall see later, facilitates the emergence of the moth. Within its capacious one-windowed chamber it now proceeds to build its hammock, within which it changes to a pupa. The walls of the cone-like home have been cut away in C to show this pupal hammock. No one has seen the larva swing this hammock. But it is proba- bly accomplished by first spinning a single-cable bridge of several silken threads from a point near the window to another point, sufficiently distant, on the opposite wall of the chamber. When satisfied that this silken cable is well anchored at each end, the larva doubtless stretches itself along the cable near the centre, with its head toward the window, and then proceeds to spin about itself a silken hammock—its cocoon. The cocoon is white in color, and has several ribs running its whole length.
The pupa rests in its silken hammock for nearly a month; then, with the aid of a beak-shaped projection on its head, it tears open the end of the cocoon, and the window is soon reached. One cannot but marvel at the foresight of the little larva in making this window, then fastening one hammock rope at its edge, and, finally, always getting into the hammock with its head toward the window. The beaked head of the pupa soon bursts through the window-pane and projects itself half-way out of the opening, and soon the pretty moth emerges and flits away to find some secure hiding place for the Winter. Some of the conical homes containing the pupal hammocks became dry and hard in my cages, and the pupz were then unable to break through the window. When I broke some of the windows the moths emerged freely. Thus the little windows are made pri- marily for the purpose of facilitating the emergence of the adult insect. And, as Rennie says, ‘‘In order to render this little door easy to be found, the caterpillar, as if foreseeing that the blind pupa could not otherwise discover it, fixes one of the suspensory threads near its margin, guided by which the insect makes its exit with the utmost ease, for the head is uniformly swung up by the door thread.”’
Hiibner found the cones on Privet ; I have thus far seen them only on Ash. There is apparently but one brood of the insect ina year. Each year, as I look from my office window and see a few of these peculiar cones on the Ash tree, I am more and more impressed with the almost human intelligence displayed by this little hammock-maker.
112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
Notes on Rhopalocera, with Descriptions of New Species. By Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Philadelphia, Pa.
We have in our lists a number of species which are stragglers from other faunz, and among them some that are supposed to be improperly credited to our fauna. Mr. Edwards, in his cata- logue published in 1884, gives a list of these. I have in my collection a specimen of Papilio cresphontinus Martyn, ‘‘ Psyche,”’ t. 3, fig. 8, t. 4, fig. 10 (1797). This was taken at Key West, Fla. The species is well figured in the ‘‘ History of Cuba,’”’ by Sagra. I have also recently had sent to me for identification a species of Kvicogomia described in the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali- Americana,’’ under the name of wnicolor. It is described by Godman and Salvin as follows: Alis Sulphureo-flavis unicoloribus, subtus (praeter dimidio anticarum basali aurantio) pallidioribus et sericeis ; linea longitudinali mediana albida. The specimen came from Comal County, Texas. I -have also had direct from its collector a specimen of Victorina steneles taken in Blanco County, Texas, in November, 1894. Lycena xerces Boisd., which was supposed to be extinct, has been recently taken in California. I have received a pair in exchange, but was not informed of the exact locality where they were caught.
Thecla sarita n. sp.—Upperside of all wings immaculate ; fringes white. The hind wings each have a delicate tail about one-eighth inch in length, black, with a distinct white tip which is about one-fourth the entire length of the tail. The costa at the base is reddish brown. All wings area dark purple color like some of our species of Chrysophanus ; this color is brighter in the centre of the wings, the remainder being blackish. There is a projection of the wing at the anal angle which might also be called a tail. Underside of all wings bright green; the superiors have a narrow, bright, silver stripe extending from the costa to about third median nervule; this stripe runs parallel to and about one-eighth inch from the exterior margin. The lower half of the superior wing is light gray. There is a similar silver stripe on the inferiors, extending from the costa to the anal angle; this stripe is swollen in the middle and becomes very narrow, and on reaching the border of the wings bends at an acute angle and runs to the abdominal margin, thus forming a V. There isa distinct border to the inferior wing about an eighth of an inch wide, the inner line of the border. being covered with bluish-silver and red scales, the border itself being composed of red scales and spots on a gray back- ground. The projection at the anal angle has on it a round red spot, partly surrounded by white. The purple upperside and the bright green below with the silver bands make this a very distinct and beautiful species. It expands about one and one-eighth inches.
\
so
1895. } _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113
Tieactibed from one specimen, a 3, received from Mr. F. Rauterberg, who has kindly permitted me to retain the type, which came from Comal County, Texas.
Meliteza neumoegeni n. sp. or var.—The specimens were received some time ago from Mr. Neumoegen and have been in my cellection and his under the manuscript name above given. Male. Expands one and a half inches. Upperside + all wings bright brick-red, fringes white, alter- nating with black at the nerve endings. The wings are edged by a very narrow black line, and just inside of this and very close to it is another line of like character. The superiors have comparatively few markings, and these are faint. In the cell are two rings, and at the end of cella black irregular line running from the costa; beyond this is another line of similar character, and there are a number of yellowish lunule-like markings at the tip. The inferiors are marked in a similar way, but there is considerable black at the base of the wing. Underside : the superiors practically as above, but all markings less distinct, except at the apices, where there are four or five distinct white spots, and below these, on the margin, twomore. The inferiors, asin JZ. gab6i2, with silvery-white spots. but the intervening spots are brick-red and with no black of any moment, The females are larger and present the usual differences found in the genus. Itis difficult to accurately describe species of Melitza, but this one differs from other species in its peculiar color and the paucity of markings, especially on the superiors below.
Described from three specimens in my own collection and from several in the late Mr. Neumoegen’s. In the list it would prob- ably stand next to 7. gadéiz7.. From Utah.
Eudamus protillus rauterbergi n. var. ¢’.—Expands one and three-fourths inches. OUpperside: dark smoky-brown in color; the superiors have nine hyaline spots, a faint one on middle of costa, and three extending in a line between this and the inner angle; one in middle of disc and a faint one in the interspace above ; three are close together below the costa on the outer third of wing. Inferiors imnimaculate, with tails a half inch in length. Fringes alternating black and cinereous. ‘Underside - superiors as above. Inferiors grayish with blackish longitudinal bands. This form is smaller and very much darker than Profi/lus ; the fringes are far less marked, and the tails lack the admixture of light hairs; the maculation is about the same, but in all other ways there is much dif- ference.
One specimen from Mr. F. Rauterberg, who received it from Comal County, Texas. I have also seen a specimen belonging to Dr. Wm. Barnes, taken in Arizona.
Amblyscirtes celia n. sp. ¢.—Expands one and one- eighth inches. Upperside: dark smoky-brown, almost black ; fringes alternating black
114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (April, |
and cinereous. Superiors have the usual three small spots on outer third
of wing extending in a row from costa; there is a row of small yellowish white spots running across the centre of the wing ina line with the apex and middle of the interior margin ; they vary in number in different specimens from none to four or five. Inferiors immaculate. Underside: superiors practically as above. Inferiors very finely mottled with light gray scales and showing in centre of the wings a number of small, indistinct whitish spots. The sexes are alike, except in the usual difference in size and the female having less of the central spots on superiors above. This species is dark as in vialis, nysa, samoset and ¢extor, and in markings nearest to e@nus, but is entirely different in color.
Described from specimens from Blanco, Comal and Nueces Counties, Texas.
ny U
VESPEROCTENUS FLOHRI Bates. By Gro. H. Horn, M.D.
The insect indicated by this name will probably remain unseen to the vast majority of the readers of NEws, and would have remained unmentioned here but for an article in a recent number of ‘‘Ent. Mo. Mag.’’
Vesperoctenus, at first glance, resembles a longicorn of the Leptura series apart from its flabellate antennz, and was de- scribed by Mr. Bates as allied to that series, especially to Ves- perus, from which it partly derives its name.
My knowledge of the insect came through a pair of males collected in the Peninsula of California, and were referred to me for study with the other Coleoptera collected there by the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences. I would certainly have described the species as entirely new had not a timely visit from Mr. Flohr prevented. ;
In my paper on the Coleoptera of Baja California I could not agree with Mr. Bates, but placed the insect in the Rhipiceride, giving my reasons and citing Callirhipis as a convenient point of comparison. ’
In the article in ‘‘Ent. Mo. Mag.’’ Mr. Gahan defends the opinion of Mr. Bates, and, of course, criticizes mine.
At present I do not propose to continue any argument, having said all that I deem necessary on my own part, and will leave to others the adoption of either view. _My comparison with Calli- rhipis was, as stated, a mere matter of convenience from its flabel-
1895.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15
ate antennze, but my argument is intended to apply to the entire
family as characterized in the books, the genera composing it being but few in number and differing widely.
My principal object in writing. these lines is to object to a method of argument on Mr. Gahan’s part, and it is not the first time that the method has been used by my English friends in argument against myself and Dr. LeConte. It is the assumption that we have no collections for reference beyond our own species. **In fact, I believe that Dr. Horn himself, were he really ac- quainted with Vesperus * * *’’ such is the insinuation, and it is untrue.
Again, I certainly did not intend ‘‘to impute carelessness or worse’ to Mr. Bates, but I must be allowed the privilege to differ in opinion when I think there is reason.
No one can have higher regard for Mr. Bates than I, but no matter how learned a man may be it is possible to be in error at times and there is not a master in Entomology in whose writings there are not errors of judgment or through carelessness, or even both. .
‘Had I been compelled to admit that I had not seen Vesperus the criticism of Mr. Gahan is equally a criticism of the published descriptions and figures of that insect.
At Cumana (a city of Venezuala), the use of the Cucujus (F/ater noc- tilucus) is forbidden, as the young Spanish ladies used to carry on a cor- respondence at night with their lovers by means of the light derived from them. —Baird’s Cyclop. Nat. Sci., London, 1858.
THE Mantis religiosa of America is said to make a most interesting pet when tamed, which can be done in a very short time and with but very little pains. Professor Glover, of the Maryland Agricultural Col- lege, tells me he once knew a lady in Washington who kept a Mantis on her window, which soon grew so tame as to take readily a fly or other small insect out of her hand.—Cowan’s Curious Facts.
CHERNETID ATTACHED TO A FLy.—In Europe a number of Chernetids have been found attached to various insects. In this country, I believe, but one species has been recorded,—Chelifer alius on Alaus oculatus by Leidy. This appears to be the same as Ch. oblonmgus Say. I have re- cently received, through Mr. C. F. Baker, a specimen of Chelanops pallipes Bks., collected by Mr. J. C. Cowan at Hotchkiss, Colo., which
Was attached to a fly—a species of Dexide. (Ch. pallipes was previously
known from California. —NaTHAN BANKs.
116 [April,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1.20.
ga@> All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1895.
A LETTER TO THE “NEWS.”
tam, I suppose, a tryoin entomology, yet I am earnestly and constantly seeking help and advice from books and periodicals on entomology. I spend twelve weeks each year teaching ‘some hundred and fifty pupils about insects, their structure and habits. This is done not from books, but from insects themselves. I collect each Summer about twenty-four species of insects, in quantities of from 200 to a 1000 of each species. You can easily understand that Iam likely to get many insects of other species. I know at sight about 150 species of beetles and quite a number, say fifty to a hundred species of Hymenoptera and Diptera. I have a collection of about rooo species of insects. Yet, notwithstanding all this, I find the reading of the News uninteresting. It tells me about so many species of insects of which I have no knowledge, nor the slightest conception what they are, nor means of finding out; while it tells me so little of those with which I do have a speaking acquaintance, or how to increase my knowledge of insects in general.
I am not.even suggesting that the News should change its plan of work to benefit me, or those like me. I know it is vastly more creditable, even if less profitable, to publish a paper the back numbers of which, filed away unread in entomological libraries, will be overhauled and quoted as authority twenty or fifty years from now. But that does not help me, nor those like me. I want help, suggestions, inspiration NOW. I have as yet ound no periodical of that kind. The entomological journals for ama- teurs that I have already seen so far, are enough to make a man weep. But I know that there is a field for an entomological journal less technical than the News, but still scientific and respectable.
RRB
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117
~ It seems to me that entomologists are of two kinds: First, amateurs, who have learned what little they do know by the hardest means, and who aré yet timid about asserting what they do know ; Second, fullfledged entomologists, born fullgrown with a net in their hands. I do not think the latter class have a contempt for the former, but through a lack of — knowledge of the experiences of the first they act as they would act if . they did have a contempt for the first class.
You will certainly understand that in my remarks I do not intend to make any strictures upon the News ; but I am merely trying to state facts, as nearly as I can see them, that renders it undesirable to subscribe for the News.—N. A. H.
WE have published this letter, as it is one of a kind that we receive not infrequently. The News, as one of our former subscribers termed it, “shoots over the heads of some people.’’ Now, the question is, how can this be remedied? The author of this letter claims to bea teacher of entomology, not from books, but from the insects themselves. He is the very man to give us an occasional popular article. The editors can’t afford to write popular articles to make up each issue of the News, as they have not the time so to do, and they are entirely dependent on sub- scribers for such articles. We try to have something in each number of interest to every one, and if we fail we can’t help it. Some time ago we sent out circulars to all subscribers asking for popular articles, but they came not. If any subscriber fails to find.one dollar’s worth in the three hundred and twenty or more pages of NEws we give for that amount, he had better invest his money in some other channel and become a millionaire. It will be found that the articles in the News are written pretty much by the same people each year, and, while we are more than pleased with them, we would also like to hear from the people who are always talking about a more popular journal. We think many subscribers must be under the impression that the News is a money-making scheme, and that those conducting it are making a fortune. The editors and all those connected with it subscribe their dollar, and they think they get an ample return : moreover, the American Entomological Society aids the News financially, and every subscriber is indebted to said society, as it pays part of each
subscription. Now, ye lovers of popular articles turn in and do your share and stop growling.
THE striped turnip-beetle, Hadtica nemorum, commonly called the Turnip-fly, Turnip-flec, Earth-flea-beetle, Black-jack, etc., is a well- known species from the ravages the perfect insect commits upon the turnip. In Devonshire, England, in the year 1786, the loss caused by these insects alone was valued at £100,000 sterling. And in the Spring of 1837 the vines in the neighborhood of Montpellier were attacked to su great an extent by another species, Hadtica oleracea, in the perfect state,
_ that fears were entertained for the plants, and religious processions were
instituted for the purpose of exorcising the insects.— Curtis Farm Insects, p. 22.
4*
118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY.
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. —
Illinois Entomology.—The 18th Report of the State Entomologist on noxious and beneficial insects of the State of Illinois for the years 1891 and 1892 is at hand. This is the 7th Report by Forbes, and it is certainly no worse than any that have preceded it. Practically, the Report is taken up by a treatise on insects that are injurious to corn; and this subject is handled more fully and more practically than ever before. A decidedly marked feature in the Report is the frequent recommendation of farm practice to prevent injury by the insects, and this is fully in line with the conclusions that [ have been forced to more and more during the past years. Insecticides unquestionably have a very great range of usefulness, and for some purposes it will be impossible to do without them ; but, on the other hand, I think there is as little doubt that in a great variety of cases we can reach the desired end, not so much by poisoning the insects, but by simply preventing their propagation by reasonable methods of farm culture. It is rather interesting, and it marks a somewhat new phase in handling the subject, that as against the corn aphis the destruction of the nests of certain ants is recommended. Of course, there is nothing . very new at the present time in the relation of ants to plant lice; but I believe that this is the first time the practical possibilities involved in this relation have been taken advantage of for the benefit of the farmer. A somewhat interesting feature of the Report is the fact that the sensory pittings of antennz and legs of the plant lice are figured. I believe I was the first of recent date to draw attention to the usefulness of these pit- tings, and the, pictures published by me in Bulletin No. 75 of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station were the first ever pub- lished in any economic work where plant lice were treated.
“A Benighted Country: That is what Mr. Edwin C. Reed calls Chile, and the following experience, which he details, goes far to support him. He writes : ‘‘In 1891-92 I was commissioned to stop an invasion of locusts that passed the Andes and laid some forty tons of eggs in Southern Chile. There was great alarm and a vote of $200,000. I found that the climate would kill them off, except in a few snug corners, where I did what was needful. The locusts were exterminated, and less than $5000 spent ; but I got no thanks.”’ Now, with all due regard to Mr. Reed, he should have taken some lessons in the United States in order to have managed this matter properly, to the advantage of economic entomology, and to make a great man of himself. After he discovered that the climate would kill off all the locusts, except in a few snug corners, he should have kept this
1895. | . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119
knowledge carefully to himself; he should have used all sorts of materials for experimental purposes in those places where the climate would have killed them off anyway, and he should have spent every cent of the money, carefully avoiding those snug corners. Then, next year he should have pointed with pride to the fact that wherever he had been and had tried his experiments that there no locusts appeared, and that only where he had not made applications the insects again appeared the following year. The facts would have been incontrovertible and Mr. Reed would have made a reputation that would have lasted the balance of his life, and would have had, besides, the pleasure of expending a snug little fortune. Mr. Reed is undoubtedly a good entomologist in more ways than one, but in our own country I am afraid that he would be considered as sadly behind the times.
Chinch-bugs Again.—Bulletin No. 37 of the Minnesota Experiment Sta- tion furnishes another chapter in the history of experiments against this insec:. Dr. Lugger makes substantially the same recommendations for fighting the insects that are made by Prof. Forbes, and he also has had some experience with the ‘‘ white muscardine.’’ In giving the experience on the Experiment Station Farm, Dr. Lugger shows that the disease appeared there and spread with exceedingly great rapidity during a spell of suitable—that is, wet weather, and that the recurrence of dry, warm weather checked the disease and prevented its further spread. This is, of course, in accordance with the observations made elsewhere. He finds further, however, that after distributing a great lot of insects covered with the fungus to many different points in Minnesota that there were out- breaks of the disease, in some cases sufficient to check further injury. It is admitted that these outbreaks were so extensive that it seemed almost unreasonable to ascribe them to the infestation introduced by the dead bugs; but, on the other hand, is seems that only where these insects were introduced was there any appearance of the disease. All this evi- dence is interesting, and all runs towards a single direction. It will prove without question a good thing to distribute the disease and to introduce it into all parts of the country where the chinch-bug occurs in injurious numbers ; but, having done this, we have done nearly all that it is pos- sible to do. Nature must do the rest—that is to say, it depends then upon the character of the season and upon the meteorological conditions as to whether or not there will be a development of the disease sufficient to do practical good. Again we note a tendency to recommend farm practice and methods of cultivation as remedial—or rather preventive measures—and I feel very certain that the more the insects are studied in the field, and the more we know of their feeding and hibernating habits, the more these methods will come into use for preventing injury from insects. I am convinced that in the course of another decade measures against insects will be quite different in their character from those prac- ticed at the present time.
120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.. [ April,
The Potato Stalk Borer.—This species, 7vichobaris trinotata Say, has been unusually abundant in some parts of New Jersey during the season of 1894. Some parts of Pennsylvania also have been troubled, and among
them the vicinity of Germantown—-the locality from which the very first reports of injury from this insect were ever received as far back as the days of Harris and Fitch. The insect has been much more troublesome in the Western States than it has been in the East heretofore, and, curi-
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121
ously enough, none of the collections accessible to me three or four years ago had a single New Jersey specimen of this species, so that I could not
list it among those found in New Jersey. The figures herewith given show a series of vines eaten out by the larva—a series of vines cut at the base
122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April,
to show the location of the pupa-cell and drawings of the larva, pupa, and imago. Practically, the insect can be dealt with rather easily. It remains in the vines throughout the Winter, as a rule, or at least remains in them until they are dead and dried. Burning the vines as soon as the potatoes are harvested results in destroying all the beetles. Where vines become infested moderately only—that is, not more than three or four larve to a vine—the liberal application of readily soluble fertilizers will
stimulate the plants, so that it will make and mature a crop in spite of the -
injury done by the insects.
Legislation Against Injurious Insects.— Bulletin No. 33 of the Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, treats of this subject at some length, giving the full text of all the laws heretofore passed on the subject, and in addition some of the decisions of the courts upon the laws. It appears from this Bulletin that eleven States have passed laws more or less completely covering the subject, British Columbia being included in this enumeration. In Missouri, Kansas, Minnesota, and Nebraska grasshoppers alone form the subject of legislation. In Cali- fornia legislation is most thorough and covers the entire subject. Oregon, Washington and Idaho, as well as British Columbia, have tolerably com- plete provisions. The New Jersey Act is intended to be comprehensive ; but at present writing has not yet succeeded in passing the gauntlet of * House, Senate, and Governor and becoming actually effective.
Foul Brood has become the subject of legislative action in New York and in Utah, and, if the present agitation continues, something will prob- ably be done in New Jersey. Most of the opposition in New Jersey comes from the farmers themselves. and practically from one section of the country, where the insect question has not forced itself upon them very strongly from the nature of their agriculture. Peculiarly enough, how- ever, that very section which opposes general legislation suffers from ‘‘Foul Brood,” and is very anxious to obtain legislative action on this particular subject. It affords a very pretty illustration of human nature, and it shows that it always depends upon whose ox is gored as to whether or not it becomes necessary to take active measures.
It will become interesting if, in the future, we can obtain reports from the various States in which laws exist as to their workings. I have fol- lowed with some interest developments in New York State on the Black Knot question, and was a great deal amused on one occasion in talking with a farmer to have him declare that if it was anywhere within his power the law would be enforced and he would see to it that no black knots existed in his vicinity. A little later, strolling through his place,
I ran across a clump of old cherry trees on a hillside that were simply |
covered with black knot, and I was further interested later on when I asked him whether he knew of the existence of any such fungus on his place that he asserted in the most positive way that nothing of that kind could be found anywhere within his domains.
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1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123
Notes and News. ~ ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given _ in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-: tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—Ep.
THE CHILIAN MARGARODES.—I expect we shall have to call this insect (see p. 86) Margarodes vitas after all, notwithstanding Philippi’s strange mistake regarding its nature ; but if we agree to reject the name vzi¢is, we still cannot accept that now proposed by Mr. E. C. Reed, since Giard described the species last year as MW. vitium.—T. D. A. CoCKERELL.
Wasps IN ENGLAND.—On pages 284 and 334 of the last volume of “Insect Life,’’ reference was made to the extraordinary abundance of wasps in Great Britain during the Summer of 1893, the result probably of the long-continued dry weather of the Spring of that year.
Mr. Henry Cullum, of Utah, has recentiy sent a clipping from the Western Daily Press, of Bristol, England, dated June 27, 1894, in which the statement is made that the Chew Magna Horticultural Society en- deavored to reduce the plague by offering the present season a reward of 6d. per dozen for queen wasps delivered dead to the Society. Over two thousand had been sent in up to the date of the publication, and the editor of the Press advocated the adoption of this plan by other horticul- tural and agricultural societies throughout the kingdom.
DiasPIs LANATUS—AMYGDALI.—Mr. Maskell writes that he has examined Diaspis amygdali Tryon, 1889, on peach from Queensland, and finds it to be the same species as D. /anatus Morg. and CkIil., 1891. He says: “The only differences which I can detect are the very, very slightly less
“incised terminal lobes of amygdali, and a very small increase in the num- ber of spinnerets in some specimens.” I have never seen authentic amyg- dali ; but in the Rept. Dept. Agriculture for 1893, amygdali is stated to be distinct from /amatus, differing in size, color of 2 scale, and method of work. Nevertheless, I am strongly inclined to agree with Mr. Maskell that the species called amygdali and lanatus are all one, the apparent differences being only varietal. The species which must be called D. amygdali is now known from the following countries ; United States, West Indies, Australia, Ceylon and Japan. ‘The positive evidence of its occurrence in Japan is derived from an examination of specitnens collected by Mr. Takahashi, and sent to me by Mr. Howard. More detail will be given on this point hereafter.—T. D. A. CocKERELL.
124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
AESCHNA PENTACANTHA IN NEW YorK.—Mr. R. H. Pettit has taken two males of 2. pentacantha Ramb. at Baldwinsville, Onondaga County, N. Y., inJune. The species was previously known, I believe, only from Texas, Louisiana and southern IIlinois.-—-N. BANnKs.
AN EARLY SUGGESTION OF A MODERN PLAN.—-The appointment of Mr, Albert Koebele by the Hawaiian government for the purpose of collect- ing and bringing to Hawaii beneficial insects which will prey upon injuri-
. ous species, referred to in a recent number of ‘‘Insect Life,’’ was the direct outcome of the success of certain recent experiments in this direc- tion. The idea of the employment of predatory and predacous species in this way is an old one, but just how old we hardly realized until we saw in the ‘‘ Entomologist’s Record”’ for August, 1894, a little review by F. J. Buckell, of Linnaeus’ ‘‘ Amcenitates Academice,’’ which, though bearing the name of Linnaeus, was written by one of his pupils, Andrew John Bladh. In this ‘‘entomological antique,’’ as Mr. Buckell calls it, the following suggestion is made: “If we understood how to apply insects properly, we might use them as we do cats against mice, and by attending to the design of Nature, prevent much damage.” ,
THE timely suggestion in the February News with reference to the erection of a monument to Thomas Say in Philadelphia is a most ex- cellent one, and to some extent anticipates another which I had intended to make on closing the Say sketches. It would, it seems to me, bea very proper thing to do if the entomologists of America were to donate a trifle each and erect a neat iron fence about the resting-place of Say at New Harmony. The present owner of the premises, Mrs. Richard Owen and her sons, I am very sure, would be more than pleased to grant per- mission for its erection. A very small amount contributed by each ento- mologist would suffice to erect a substantial and appropriate iron fence, enclosing an area of 20x 24 feet. I can, if desired, secure permission for erection, and get estimates of cost of same and erection, I would sug- gest that the editor and associate editor of the News, the editors of ““Psyche”’ and the “ Canadian Entomologist’ be considered a committee to receive (and solicit if necessary) funds for this purpose.
F. M. WEBSTER.
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
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1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125
Entomological Literature.
1. THE AMERICAN NaTuRALIsT. Philadelphia, February, 1895.—The philosophy of flower seasons and the phenological relations of the ento- mophilous flora and the anthophilous insect fauna, C. Robertson, figs. Two new species of Lecanium from Brazil, T. D. A. Cockerell.—March, 1895. The classification of the Lepidoptera, V. L. Kellogg.
'2. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE. Lille, December, 1894.—Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the latter segments of the body of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemip- tera (cont.), J. Peytoureau, figs., pls.
3. ARCHIVES DE ZOOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE ET GENERALE (3), ii, 1894, 4. Paris.—The venomous gland of Scolopendra, O. Duboscq, figs. On a marine Dipter of the genus C/unio Haliday, R. Chevrel.
4. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, vii. Paris, 1894 (extracts).—Studies on ants, fourth note : Pe/odera in the pharyngeal glands of Formica rufa L., C. Janet, figs; Seventh note: On the anatomy of the petiole of Myrmica rubra L., id., figs.
5. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ACADEMIQUE DE L’OISE, xv. Beauvais, 1894 (extract).~Studies on ants, fifth note: On the morphology of the skeleton of the post-thoracic segments in the Myrmicidee (Zyrmica rubra L. female), C. Janet, figs.
6. CHRISTIANIA VIDENSKABS-SELSKABS FORHANDLINGER, 1893, No. 13 (received Feb. 19, 1895).—Catalogue of Norwegian Lepidoptera, W. M. Schoyen.
_7. BULLETIN DE L’ ACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES DE ST. PETERS- BOURG (v), ii, 1, January, 1895.—Studies on the lymphatic system of in- sects and myriapods , A. O. Kowalevsky.
8. NovitatEs ZooLocic4, ii, 1, Tring (England), Feb. 1, 1895.—De- scriptions of new species of Lampyride in the Museum at Tring, E. Olivier. Notes on Saturnidz, W. Rothschild.
9. ALTERNATING GENERATIONS, A Biological Study of Oak Galls and Gall Flies. By Hermann Adler, M.D. Translated and edited by Charles R. Straton, Oxford. At the Clarendon Press, 1894, pp. xliii, 198, 3 pls.
_ 10. TRANSMUTATION DER SCHMETTERLINGE infolge Temperaturander- ungen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen tiber die Phylogenese der Van- essen. Von E. Fisher, cand. med. Zurich: Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, 1895, 36 pp.
11. BULLETIN 83. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. —A plum scale in western New York, M. V. Slingerland, figs. Ithaca, N. Y., 1894.
126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
12. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’sS RECORD, London, Feb. 15, 1895.—Address by the vice-president to the city of London Entomological and Natural History Society [the study of entomology, entomologists], J. W. Tutt. Catalogue of the Lepidopterous super-family Noctuidz found in Boreal America by J. B. Smith [a review], J. W. Tutt.—March 1st. Notes on Aphomia sociella, W. P. Blackburne-Maze, 1 pl. Generic names in the Noctuide (cont.), A. R. Grote. The life-history of a Lepidopterous insect ; chap. v, the larva or caterpillar, J. W. Tutt. Discussion on the nature of certain colors (cont.), R. Freer, W. S. Riding. Apterous females and winter emergence, E. F. Studd.
13. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1894, pt. v, Feb. 5, 1895.—President’s address: The geographical distri- bution of butterflies, H. J. Elwes.
14. BULLETIN, No. 32. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Aus- tin, Texas, September, 1894.—[On some insects injurious to plums], R. H. Price, figs.
15. ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, ZOOLOGIE (7), xix, I. Paris, 1895.—The glandular apparatus of the Hymenoptera (salivary glands, digestive tube, Malpighian tubes, venomous glands), L. Bordas, 4 pls. [That which is here published includes only the salivary glands].
16. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, iii, 2, 3.—Notes on the discovery of a new Scolytid, with brief description of the species, A. D. Hopkins. [Jan. 7, 1895; author's extra.] Notes on the habits of certain Mycetophilids, with descriptions of Zpidapus scabiei, sp. nov:, A. D. Hopkins, figs. [Feb. 13, 1895 ; author’s extra. ]
17. THE Kansas UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY, iii, 3. Lawrence, Kans., January, 1895.—Cnephalia and its allies, W. A. Snow. A new species of Pelecocera, id. Exotic Tabanidz, S. W. Williston. American Platy- pezide, ii, W. A. Snow. .
18. GLi INSETTI E GLI UCCELLI considerati per se stessi e per i loro rapporti con I’Agricoltura. Apelle Dei autore. Memoria presentata nell’ Adunanza del.Comizio Agrario del 29 Aprile, 1894. Siena, 1894.
19. Psycue. Cambridge, Mass., March, 1895 (received Feb. 28, 1895). —New North American Odonata, A. P. Morse. Description of some of the larval stages of Amphion nessus, C.G. Soule. Rhopalomera xanthops sp. nov., S. W. Williston.
20. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xxi, 1-4. Berlin, January, Feb- ruary, 1895.—On grass galls, E. H. Riibsaamen, figs. Synonymic cata- logue of the European Sphecodinz, Anthrenine, Dr. V, Dalla-Torre and H. Friese. Supplementary note on Sphinx larve, Dr. L. Glaser.
21. COMPTES RENDUS, L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, Feb. 18, 1895.—On Vespa crabro L., oviposition ; preservation of heat in the nest, C. Janet, figs.
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127
22. MEMORIE DELLA R. ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DELL’ ISTITUTO DI BOLOGNA (v), iii, 1893.—Monographic study of the genus Azfeca Forel, C. Emery, 2 pls.
23. KNOWLEDGE. London, March 1, 1895.—The. intelligence of insects in relation to flowers, Rev. A. S. Wilson, figs.
24. BOLLETINO DEI Muse! di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata d. R. Universita di Torino, No. 184, Sept. 30, 1894.—Voyage of Dr. Alfredo Borelli to the Argentine Republic and Paraguay: Orthoptera, Dr. E. Giglio-Tos.—186, Oct. 25, 1894. Id.: Formicide, C. Emery.
25. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, i. Brus- sels, 1892.—Synonymic catalogue of the Buprestide described from 1758 to 1890, C. Kerremans. [Received March 12, 1895].
26. PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE CROYDON MICROSCO- PICAL AND NATURAL History Cius. Croydon, 1894.—The silk-worm disease ; its cause and prevention, A. B. Farn.
27. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL History of the State University of Iowa, iii, 1, 2. Iowa City, January, 1895.—Narrative and preliminary report of Bahama expedition, C. C. Nutting.
28. THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRI- CULTURAL COLLEGE for 1894. Boston, January, 1895.—A new greenhouse pest [ Orthezia insignis Doug.], C. P. Lounsbury, 4 pls.—Report of Ento- mological division (received March 8, 1895).
29. SPECIAL BULLETIN, No. 2, oF THE WEST VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.—Forms of the so-called potato-scab caused by insects, A. D. Hopkins, figs.
30. BULLETIN, No. 37. University of Minnesota Agricultural Experi- ment Station. St. Anthony Park, Minn., December, 1894 (received March 12, 1895).—The Chinch-bug, O. Lugger, figs.
31. EIGHTEENTH Report of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois. Seventh report of S. A. Forbes. For the years 1891 and 1892. Springfield, Ill., 1894 (received March 8, 1895). Insects injurious to Indian corn ; 165 pp., 15 pls.
32. THE JOURNAL OF THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAL History,
xvii, 4, January, 1895 (received March 8, 1895). —Catalogue of the Odo- nata of Ohio, part i, D. S. Kellogg.
33. THE CANADIAN ENToMoLociIst. London, Ont., March, 1895 (re- ceived March 11).—Descriptions of some new species of Epipaschiinz and Phycitide, G. D. Hulst. Canadian Coccidz,—iii, T. D. A. Cockerell. Some new species of Robinsonia, W. Schaus. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera,—ii, C. F. Baker. Notes on some reared Hymenoptera, — largely parasitic and chiefly from Ohio, F. M. Webster. The Coleoptera of Canada,—vii, H. F. Wickham, figs. New Hampshire Tenthredinide, AS-D: Macgillivray. In reply to Mr. Hulst, A. R. Grote.
128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
34. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE. London, March, 1895.—-Further notes on the habits of Psyche villosella Ochs., C. G. Bar- rett. Occurrence of 7inea vinculella H.-S., at Portland, with notes on its life-history, N. M Richardson. Successful introduction of humble bees into New South Wales, A. S. Olliff. Aleurodes proletelia L. and A. érassice Walk., a comparison, J. W. Douglas. Recent experiments on the means of protection possessed by Adraxas grossulariata, W. F. H. Biandford. Note on a mass of cocoons of Aphomia sociella L., C. G. Barrett. Method of sugaring meadows, moors, mountain sides, etc., H. G. Knaggs.
35. THE Enromo.ocist. London, March, 1895.—On the causes of variation and aberration in the imago state of butterflies, with suggestions on the establishment of new species, Dr. M.;Standfuss, transl. by F. A. Dixey, introductory note by F. Merrifield. Moth-adipocere, H, G. Knaggs: Jumping beans and jumping eggs, C. G., ‘Bignell.
36. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY, ix, pp. 400-429 July, 1894 (received March 8, 1895).—-Canadian Nigfest J. H. Emerton, 4 pls.
37. Le NATURALISTE CANADIEN. Chicoutimi, Quebec, February, 1895 (received March 8).—-L’Abbe Provancher (cont.), Abbe V. A. Huard, Coloration in Lepidoptera, Abbé P. A. Begin.
38. DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, 1894, Erstes Lepidop- terologisches Heft. Berlin, July 14, 1894..-High Andine Lepidoptera, Dr. O. Staudinger, 2 pls. Palaearctic genera of Lasiocampide, Striphnop- terygidz and Megalopygide, Dr. C. Aurivillius, 2 pls.—Zweites Lepidop- terologisches Heft, Jan. 5, 1895. On the capture and habits of the chief butterflies of the Amazon Valley, O. Michael. [Both parts received March 11, 1895. ]
39. THE NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. London, March, 1895.—-Pupa hunt- ing (cont.), H. G. Knaggs, figs. Insects that feed on shrubs, S. L. Mosley. Beetles in a timber yard, R. J. Thomson.
40. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, XXXiX, 2. Brussels, Feb. 28, 1895 (received March 14, 1895). —New contribution to the study of the Lathridinz, M. J. Belon.
41. The appearance of the seventh part of ‘‘Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex werwandten Grabwespen,”’* by Anton Handlirsh, completes one of the most important and useful works relating to the Hymenoptera published in recent years.
This last part relates entirely to the genus Bembex, which, as the author states, is the most difficult and the richest in species in the entire group, his paper containing descriptions of 118 species which he has personally
* Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, Math.-naturw. Classe, cii, Bd, Abth., i, pp. 657 et. seq.
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 129
examined, more than half of which are brought to light for the first time, and 35 species unidentified. The biology of a number of the species is dwelt on at length, comparisons being made with the habits of many other fossorial wasps; and a chapter is devoted to the phylogeny and systematic remarks, and another to the geographical distribution. Coming to the systematic part of the work, we find the species divided into two grand divisions,—the Bembeces genuine, consisting of the greater num- ber of the species, and the Bembeces aberrantes; and the species are further divided into 39 minor groups. The author finds that Cresson confused two species in describing Be//ragez, and in separating the two has named both, thus erecting a new name for Bel/ragez, which it appears he was unable to identify from Cresson’s description.
Another change is the substitution of the name spino/@ Lepelitier for fasciata, under which head American students had known our common species, because the author believes it impossible to identify the /asc7a¢a of Fabricius from the description, as it is applicable to several other species. The advisibility of this modification is to be daubted, inasmuch as the form which we regarded as fasciata has probably more right to the name than any of the allied ones ; and as Fabricius’ name cannot be dropped, unless proven a synonym, it is more advantageous by far to assign some form to it, fitting the description, than to increase the already too large list of unidentified species of the old authors, which will no doubt never be determined. The author is to be congratulated on the completion of
_ such a valuable contribution to hymenopterology.—W. J. F.
42. We have just received from the authors a copy of an important con- tribution to the literature of West Indian Hymenoptera, the “‘ Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent,’ by C. V. Riley, William H. Ashmead and L. O. Howard, printed in the Linnean Society’s Journal, vol. xxv. The work is based on the material collected for the West India Committee by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, whose energy as a collector has been well attested by his previous labors in Brazil. Prof. Riley contributes the introduction and a list of the previously described Parasitica of the island, which is followed by Part 1 of Mr. Ashmead’s paper, this being succeeded by Mr. Howard’s report on part of the Chalcididz. Part 2 of Mr. Ashmead’s report concludes the work, which includes no less than 254 pages, in which 6 new genera and 299 new species are described. Prof. Riley hopes soon to publish a supplementary paper containing the Microgasterinz and the Eupelmine.—W. J. F.
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Robertson 1, Peytoureau 2, Kowalevsky 7, Tutt 12, Freer 12, Riding 12, Dei 18, Riibsaamen 20, Wilson 23, Nutting 27, Forbes 31, Knaggs 34, Huard 37, Mosley 39.
130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. , [April, —
MYRIOPODA. Duboscq 3. ARACHNIDA. Emerton 36*. ORTHOPTERA. Giglio-Tos 24. NEUROPTERA. Morse 19*, Kellogg 32*. ; HEMIPTERA.
Cockerell 1, 33, Peytoureau 2, Slingerland 11, Price 14, Lounsbury 28, Lugger 30, Douglas 34. COLEOPTERA. Peytoureau 2, Olivier 8*, Price 14, Hopkins 16 (two),* 29, Kerremans 25, Wickham 33, Thomson 39, Belon 4o0.* DIPTERA. Chevrel 3, Hopkins 16*, Snow 17* (three), Williston 17, 19,* Baker 33*. LEPIDOPTERA.
Kellogg 1, Peytoureau 2, Schoyen 6, Rothschild 8*, Fisher 1o, Tutt 12 (two), Elwes 13, Blackburne-Maze 12, Grote 12, Studd 12, Soule 1g,
Glaser 20, Farn 26, Hulst 33*, Schaus 33*, Barrett 34 (two), Richardson
34, Blandford 34, Standfuss, etc., 35, Knaggs 35, 39, Bignell 35, Begin 37, Staudinger 38, Aurivillius 38, Michael 38. " HYMENOPTERA.
Janet 4 (two), 5, 21, Adler 9, Bordas 15, Dalla-Torre and Friese 20, Handlirsch 41*, Emery 22*, 24, Webster 33, Macgillivray 33*, Olliff 34, Riley, etc., 42*.
Doings of Societies.
MARCH 12, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1509 South Thirteenth Street. Members present: Messrs. Bland, Dr. Griffith, Dr. Castle, E. Wenzel, Trescher, Fox, Hoyer, Seeber, Boerner, Johnson, H. W. Wenzel, and Smitz. Honorary. member: Prof. John B. Smith. Visitor: Levi W. Mengel, of Reading, Pa. Meeting called to order at 8.50 P.M., president Bland presiding. Prof. Smith exhibited a number of interesting photo- graphic prints, the result of some of his recent experiments in that line, his object being to obtain fac-similes from originals for the purpose of photo-engraving, correct reproductions being impossible through the art
x
1895. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 of sketching. Among these were a number of prints showing the bur- rows made by Scolytus rugulosus in apple wood, being so arranged as to show the different stages of the life of these insects. These were the best reproductions the members had ever seen, and the professor attributes his success partly to the use of aristo-platinotype paper and the double toning process. These beetles, he said, first burrow one central gallery and then make small lateral chambers at intervals, laying three or four eggs in each, feeding after every deposit, and repeating this work until a beetle has oviposited five or six times its bulk in eggs during a lifetime. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited some interesting Coleoptera from Utah, also stating that Axthonomus sycophantus and A. scutellatus had been cap- tured very commonly on willowin the Orange Mountains, N. J., last Summer.
It was unanimously resolved that a vote of thanks be extended to Dr. Skinner for the royal manner in which he entertained the social at its last meeting. No further business being presented, the meeting adjourned to the annex at Io.3o.
TuHeo. H. Scumitz, Secretary.
«
The Entornological Section “ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
A NEW VOLUCELLA FROM WASHINGTON. By D. W. Coguittert, Washington, D. C.
Among an interesting lot of Diptera received from Prof. O. B. Johnson for naming, was a pair of specimens belonging to the Syrphid genus Volucella ; a careful comparison with the existing descriptions indicates that the species is a new one, and it is therefore duly characterized below. Each of these specimens has the marginal cells of the wings open, and the species would therefore belong to the genus Pha/acromyia Rondani, but in the recent paper by E. Giglion-Tos (Ditteri del Messico, Part I) this is merged into Volucella, since he found that the character of the opened or closed marginal cell varies in the different specimens belonging to the same species.
132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April,
Volucella kincaidiin. sp. ¢‘.-—-Black, the scutellum dark fulvous, halteres brownish. Eyes black pilose, that on the lower part reddish; front, cheeks and occiput reddish pilose, that on the face black ; face on upper two-thirds straight, the lower third much retreating and concave ; upper two-thirds of face in the middle gray pollinose, the remaining surface sub- shining; proboscis much shorter than either front femur. Thorax sub- opaque, reddish pilose, its posterior half and a broad stripe on upper edge of pleura black pilose; scutellum convex, rounded behind, destitute of a transverse impression and of bristles, its pile mixed yellowish and black. Abdomen opague velvety, with the exception of the base of the third segment and the whole of the two following, which are shining excepting an indistinct subopaque fascia beyond the middle of the fourth; pile of abdomen reddish yellow; hind femora more slender than the others, hind tibiz arcuate; pile of hind femora and on bases of the others reddish yellow, that toward the apices of the latter largely black; hind tibize quite densely ciliate on the inner and outer sides with rather short hairs, those on the inner side the longest, being slightly longer than the transverse diameter of the tibia. Wings hyaline, apex of subcostal cell brown, a brown fascia extends from base cf submarginal cell to posterior end of cross-vein at apex of second basal cell; a brown cloud on the small cross- vein; marginal cell open; calypteres yellowish.
2.—Same is the <¢' with these exceptions: Face not pollinose, except- ing on the sides, its pile yellowish: front subshining, at its middle is a transverse impression extending from eye to eye and more derisely punc, tured than the remaining surface; pile of thorax, pleura, scutellum- abdomen and legs yellow. Length 12-14 mm.
Olympia, Washington. A single male and female collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, after whom it gives me pleasure to name this interesting species.
OBITUARY.
Hans DanigL JOHAN WALLENGREN, the well-known entomologist, died Oct. 24, 1894, at Farhult, Sweden, aged 72 years.
ENTOMOLOGICAL News for March, was mailed March 1, 1895.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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VOL. VI. MAY, 1895. No. 5. CONTENTS: Slosson—Collecting at) Lake Worth.... 133 | Editorial .........0.0. cccccescee seeece I51 Maywood—The assembling of the Ce- Economic Entomology..........ssss0+ 153 UMPIR NOUN <5 cba s cies ins sevees ae 16: Notes and -NCWSE 6 nace discdencsecdecs 157 Lembert—Food Plants..........0.c0000 137 | Entomological Literature ............. 159 Lugger—A case of mimicry.........-.. $48 sb | DOINGS OL SOCIMTIOR<. 5 datiesweccnicece css 165 Schaus—Some Notes on American Entomological Section. ...........s.... 166 SRURIGU ca viovias cins'o bp es seonsccecs 141 | Holland—Two new African Lyczenids.. 166 Albright—California Lepidoptera....... 144 | Wickham—On the Larve of Hydro- Popular Entomology........+s.e+eeeeeen 145 charis obtusatus and Silpha surina- Kunze—Cocoon mimicry...........0es0 147 MES cri he cts Fee as tere <a veel 168
COLLECTING AT LAKE WORTH, FLA.
By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON.
I reached Palm Beach on the east side of Lake Worth on December 31st, a few days after the first great ‘‘freeze’’ of this strange, cold Winter. Of course even in South Florida, where the temperature is generally so uniform throughout the year, there is a season of rest for both plant and insect life. And the Winter months—the dry season—show a great lessening of the number of insects. But for several years I have collected in Florida through January and February, and have never seen as little insect life as in the Winter months of this year of 1895. Still in the two weeks of my stay at the Lake I found some rare and interesting things. There was very little in the way of Le- pidoptera. Im the spots where last March the air was full of fluttering wings and gay with bright tints of butterflies and day moths, thére was now scarcely a sign of life or motion. The
flowers around which they then flitted and hovered were dead,
the vines, shrubs and trees dry and leafless. I saw one Cal/id- ryas agarithe only, where last season the place was all golden with their waving wings; I took one Heliconia charitonia, anda
5
134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ‘[May,
pair of Pzerts zlaire. I was also so very fortunate as to capture — one more specimen of the rarelittle beauty, 7hecla acts, of which I found a pair last year. The only butterfly which was at all common wasa little blue Lycena,—I think it is L. ammon—which was flying about the few and rare blossoms near the beach. Near the hotel a white bur marigold (Bidens leucantha) had escaped the frost, and was in bloom everywhere, looking much like our common daisy or white weed of the North. Probably because it was one of the very few plants in flower this proved exceedingly attractive to Hymenoptera and Diptera. The brilliant carpenter bee, Xy/ocopa micans, always common here, boomed and buzzed about these.blossoms, a few bumble bees (2B. pennsylvanicus and B. americanorum) came to them at times, and AZelissodes bimacu- /ata, one or two species of Augochlora and Agapostemon flitted about them. Here, too, I captured two specimens of a tropical insect, Elis tricincta, never before recorded as found in the United States. A handsome Ce/roxys, black and red was taken here and is probably either a new species or West Indian. Upon one or. two lime trees there were a few blossoms left untouched by the. frost. and around these were always flying wasps and hornets. A Vespa— V. cuneata, | think—Polybia cubensis, and two or three species of Polistes, were common here. And Zethus slossone Fox was very abundant. I took some twenty specimens of this one morning, and among them found ELumenes smithii, which, from its coloration and superficial resemblance, I had mistaken for the Zethus. But one day moth, I think, was seen here, a pretty fellow I had never before found. It is, I suppose, the Deiopcia aurea Fitch, afterward described by Clemens as Poe- ciloptera compta, and called by Prof. Smith, in his check list, Oeta aurea Fitch. I am not sure of this synonymy, as I am away from my library. It is a showy insect, though small, with fore wings of shining orange, marked with bluish-black patches containing yellow spots; hind wings dark, semi-hyaline. I took several specimens of this moth. Composia fidelissima was not seen at all. There were no night moths, or almost, none, two or three microlepidoptera and one small geometer, that was all, I think. Of Coleoptera I found some forty species in the two weeks of my stay. Of these over twenty were not included in Dr. Hamilton’s list of Lake Worth Coleoptera (‘‘Can. Ent.” xxvi, 250) nor in my additional list (‘‘Can. Ent.’’ xxvii, 9).
1895} . - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135
_ Many of these beetles were found apparently hybernating under
bark, boards or rubbish, and -were quite torpid. The species
most common here last season were not found at all, or in very
small numbers. The little Anthicid, Mecynotarsus elegans, so very abundant on the hot white sand near the ocean last year was scarce and hard to find; I saw none at all until a few days before I came away, when I secured afew. The large whitish green weevil, Pachneus distans, was taken hybernating under the fibrous sheaths of the leaves of cocoanut palms. Artipus floridanus was found in same situations. But my most interesting work in beetle hunting was done by dredging. Much of the land here is drained for cultivation by ditches in which the water (brackish) always stands at about the level of hightide in the sea. In these, with a very roughly improvised net made of a piece of muslin sewed to an awkwardly bent bit of iron wire whose twisted ends made the only handle I could contrive, I dredged with much success. I took in this way thirteen species, some common, some rare. Among them were Rhantus calidus, Bidessus exig- uus, Coptotomus obscurus, Berosus striatus and Canthydrus gib- bulus. Perhaps the most abundant was Aydrophilus nimbatus. There was one handsome 7hermonectes, which Mr. Liebeck labels ornaticollis? On the ocean beach I found a few specimens of Phaleria longula, and P. picipes under timber or seaweed, but they were not common. In same situation I found one Pederus Jloridanus and several specimens of Aleochara sp. Flying along the sand in the hot sunshine I took, one day, two specimens of Pompilus juxta, a pretty black and red sand-wasp, not hitherto recorded from the United States. I saw very few larve of any kind. Three or four caterpillars, evidently Ecpantheria scribonia were found torpid under boards. In the trunk of a cocoanut tree, in a sort of cocoon made by hollowing outa cell, and lining it with silk mixed with bits of wood as fine as sawdust, I found a whitish, grub like larva. I cut out the piece of wood containing the cocoon and took it home. I dared not examine the larva very closely for fear of disturbing it. Its general color was sordid white and it had inconspicuous tubercles each bearing a fine, short hair. It left its old cell and constructed a fresh one in the same piece of wood. There it remained, alive, but without food as far as I could judge, for two weeks. Then it pupated, and at the expiration of three weeks more, there emerged a fine, perfect
136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
specimen of Litoprosopus futilis. This moth I have never taken except at Rockledge, on the Indian River, where it is not uncom- mon. But it has been found by others in various parts of South Florida. I do not know whether its life-history has been recorded.
t). Vv
THE ASSEMBLING OF THE CECROPIA MOTH. By O. S. Westcott, Maywood, Ill.
This is a somewhat hackneyed topic, but an experience of mine last Summer is possibly worthy of record.
In the Spring of 1894 I collected a large number of Cocropia cocoons, from which the moths began to emerge early in June. On the night of June 9, 1894, I left one female in a cage made of wire gauze. On the morning of the 1oth I found thirty-six males about the cage. On the night of the roth I left two females in the cage, but on the morning of the 11th there were but seven males near it. The weather was oppressively warm, but other- wise the climatic conditions were not noticeably different. On the night of the 11th I left five females in the cage. On the morning of the 12th there were eighty-one males at the cage. Two of these were wrapped in what was apparently a loving, if not conjugal, embrace. I placed them in a cage by themselves and they remained zz coztu (etymologically speaking) the entire day.
On the night of the 12th I placed six females in the cage.
When I looked out of an upper window early on the morning of.
the 13th there was a cloud of Cecropias on and about the cage and extending from it for several feet in every direction, which re- minded me at once of the only flight of Danazs archippus it has been my good fortune to see. When I once took seven archippus at one sweep of an insect net, I thought Lepidoptera were just then abundant, but the present experience was even more striking. A cat was amusing herself in striking down and devouring some of the most active ones, leaving, however, the wings. Many were flying away, but the number remaining when I came to count them was two hundred and eighteen. Of these there were five pairs zz cottu (/). All, however, were males.
On the morning of the 12th a robin was busy among them, but the cat had evidently made way with more than a score.
ee ao Oe ee
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137
Whether cats and robins eat moths extensively or not is per- haps not proven, but every one knows that woodpeckers fre- quently pierce the cocoons ; and two. pet squirrels belonging to my nearest neighbor ate, with avidity, all with which I supplied them. .
Thus in four days I had toled to my cage three hundred and forty-two and more males of this well-known insect. I trust by destroying this number that there will be an appreciable diminu- tion of its numbers in my immediate vicinity the coming season.
Note.—Dr. Westcott’s mention of the cat feeding upon the Cecropias reminds me of a fact which I have never placed on record, but which has probably been noted by others. Some years ago I visited an uncle in Springfield, Ill., and attached to his house was a large garden filled with flowers of many kinds. Among others a bed of Petunias in full bloom attracted my attention, and I concluded to ascertain what Sphinges came there that evening. When I took my stand I found the house cat quietly crouched close to a cluster of the largest and most attractive flowers ; but concluded not to disturb her. Soon a Sphinx carolina made its advent and began feeding near the cat, which, to my surprise, was now all alert. Suddenly there was a quick stroke of the paw and a short jump, and mistress cat leisurely devoured her capture, first tearing away the wings. She caught more moths than I did that evening, and I was informed that this was a nightly habit of Pussy’s.—J. B. SMITH.
fal U
FOOD-PLANTS. By J. B. LEMBERT.
I have observed the following species of Lepidoptera oviposit in the Yosemite National Park during the year 1894 :
Annaphila decia oviposits on the underside of the leaves of Enanus douglasii on February 26th. Anthocharis reakirtiz, March 29th, on the stalk of 7hysanocarpus pusillus. A. sara, April 13th, on the stalk of 7hysanocarpus pusillus, Nisioniades persius, Trifolium ciliatum and other species Melitea baron, April oth, Col/insia torreya on the underside of the leaves in two lines or rows, one always having one or two more eggs than the other row. TZhecla dumetorum, April oth, in the heart of the unopened, dense flower heads of Afosackia argophylla. Eu- clidia, cuspidea April 13th, on dried stalks in twos and threes to the number of eight or nine near the preferred food-plants, Lupinus
138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (May,
chamisorus. _ Kodiosoma, April 8th, on Trifolium ciliatum, Ese- holzia epeciodes. Gillia achillefolium, Festuca myurus and dried twigs. Lycena piasus, on the racemes of the Lupisus densiflora, and on the bracts of L. chamisonis after they have fruited, Lycena var. on the innerside of the unopened buds of the thyrse of the 4sculus californicus (Buckeye). Pyramets carye, May 6th, on the leaves of Lupinus, upperside. Lycena acmon, on or near the top buds of Hosackia parviflora. Canym- pha california, May 6th, on dried twigs near its food plant, Velica bubbosa (a grass). Thecla nelsonii, June 9th, Libocedrus dicurrens, always on the shaded side of the leaves. Ctenucha rubroscapus, July toth, on the stalks of Hosackia forreya Alaria florida, July 1oth, Ocnothera brenuis var. grandiflora, buds habits sameas the eastern species. Hepialus lembertiz, most any- where on the ground and in the edge of marmot holes, wet low ground. Anthocharis lanceolata, on the fruit pods of the Avadzs arcuata. Chrysophanus mariposa, on the stalk and the under- side of the leaves of Vaccinium. Chrysophanus helloides, Oxytheca spugulina and Guzoppytum diffusum. Melitea chalcedon, on Pentstemon brachycarpa and not gregarious like the high Sierra variety.
Oo
A CASE OF MIMICRY. By Otto LUGGER.
Among the many curious things encountered among insects few are more interesting than the mimicry shown by many of our
pets. It almost seems as if some of them could actually distin-
guish not simply between colors, but even between the most delicate shades of colors. Those that have hunted for Catocale have reasons to feel certain that these showy moths know all about the colors of the upper surfaces of their front wings, and that they are perfectly able to select such portions of the bark of trees that harmonize and blend with them. We find the same thing among the Geometride, only in this case the color of the upperside of both wings has to come into action, as these delicate moths rest with more or less expanded wings. Some years ago I accidently discovered a member of this family of moths that forms a most peculiar exception to this rule. While collecting
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1895. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139
certain kinds of grasses near Lake Harriet, a beautiful sheet of water in the suburbs of Minneapolis, and surrounded in part by a public park with fine roads for driving, I passed a large elm tree. Some ten feet from the ground was a small cavity in this tree, almost entirely hidden by an old spider-web. Happening to look upwards I observed a moth that was not yet represented in my collection, and acting upon the rule that a poor specimen
_is better than none, I rolled some stones against the tree to enable
me to reach the specimen. As I was reaching for it the appar- ently dead insect took wings and disappeared. Of course this was decidedly unexpected, as the whole appearance of the moth was that of a dead one captured some time ago by a spider. Ruefully looking at the pile of stones, a monument to blasted hopes, I continued my search for grasses, yet the thought of having been duped by an insect rankled in my mind for over an hour, when I reached the conclusion that something had been wrong about these proceedings, and so I retraced my steps to make at least an attempt to solve the mystery. As good luck would have it, the same, or another specimen of the same kind, occupied the identical spot, apparently also dead. With great caution I approached and reached for the insect, when—presto— it disappeared by suddenly flying around the tree, so that my eyes could not follow it or observe it settling. Knowing now that one or more of these moths must be in the vicinity I proceeded as if hunting for Catacole, by cutting off a twig full of leaves. This, however, wound up the affair in a most unexpected manner, as the rough voice of a policeman ordered me away, even threat- ened to arrest me for cutting off plants. Telling him why I had done so made little impression upon him, evidently not possess- ing any entomological inclinations, and I had to postpone further investigations until the following morning. Taking my boy along, and starting early, we found that the coast was clear, and not to offend again I used the twig cut off previously. The very first tree, when brushed with the twig, seemed to be alive with the de- sired moths, but they disappeared so rapidly among the other trees in the grove that none could exactly be spotted. I now re- mained stationary and had my boy flush other specimens, and by concentrating all attention upon one individual moth I saw it settle upon a tree and—disappear. By continuing the work of flushing the moths I soon had an opportunity to see the whole operation
140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
performed right before my eyes. A moth landed within two feet from me upon a tree, run rapidly a few inches, and—disappeared. But as my eyes were upon the exact spot hiding was no longer of any avail, and the insect appeared as in the illustration given below, which is taken from aphotograph. The moth after reach- ing the tree, would run to some projecting piece of bark that had a certain grayish color so common upon old elm-trees, then make a quarter turn, and folding its wings in a peculiar way upon the spot selected blended so well with it as to become invisible. This is not so well shown in the illustra- tion, as the dead insect, though fixed in the exact position, in dry- ing projected farther away from the bark than when alive. If this geometer would rest in the normal posi- tion of such moths the color of the upper sur- face of all wings would be in contrast with the surface upon which it would be resting. Only the color and markings of the under- side of the lower wing, and a narrow margin of the upper edge of underside of upper wing, harmonize with the grayish spot mentioned before. These portions, therefore, must be dis- played, and all others must be hidden. The insect, by making a quarter turn, and by pushing the upper wings deeply between the lower ones effectually hides all colors not in harmony with the spot selected. This is peculiar enough, but as the colors upon the parts exposed vary to some extent, from very pale to dark, the insect in choosing a spot must select it accordingly. Of the hundreds of moths observed that morning, or until the policeman returned, none could be detected upon the trees if the spot upon which they settled was not carefully kept in sight. According to ‘‘ Packard’s Geometridz’’ this interesting moth is Marmopteryx gibbicostata Walk.
Mrs. SLosson has returned to New York, and will doubtless soon see the Northern Hills at Franconia, N. H.
_™ ——— wor
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1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141
SOME NOTES ON AMERICAN SPHINGIDA. By W. ScHaus.
Aillopus titan Cr. and Ellopus tantalus Linn. can ces be differentiated by the presence in the former species of the gray scales at the anal angle of the secondaries above. I have examined several hundred specimens of both species and have never found the slightest difficulty in separating them. I believe Aillopus fadus Cr. to be a distinct species which will be re-dis- covered ere long.
Madoryx pluto. Sphinx pluto Cr., Pap. Exot. iii, t. 216, E (1779). Hemeroplanes plutonius Hiibn., Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 133. Madoryx deborrei Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 155 (1875).
Boisduval’s JZ dedorrei is evidently the 2 of Cramer’s S. pluto; the identity was first suggested by Maassen in the Stettin Ent. Zeit. 1880, p. 68, and Mr. C. Oberthiir is of the same opinion. I have recently received both sexes from Jalapa, Mexico, the spe- cies not having been previously recorded from Central America.
Calliomma denticulata sp. nov.
This species only differs from C. parce Fabr. in having the outer margins of the primaries very denticulate, and I should hesitate to consider it a distinct species, had I not seen a second specimen in the Saunder’s coll. at Oxford. Expands 63 mm.
Hab.—Jalapa, Mexico.
Cherocaw_a eumedon. Cher. eumedon Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 272, 1875. Cher. ortospana Druce, Amer. Nat. Hist. (6), iv, p. 77, 1889.
I have examined the types of exmedon and ortospana, and find them identical.
Pachylia resumens Walk. and Pachylia inconspicua Walk. are the same, the latter being a rather large female.
Oryba achemenides. Sphinx achemenides Cr., Pap. Exot. iii, t. 225, C. (1779). Oryba robusta Walk., (nec Bd.) Cat. Lep. Het. B. M. viii, p. 197 (1856). As already stated by Mr. Druce in Amer. Nat. Hist. 1890, p. 214, Cramer’s and Walker's species are conspecific. Oryba kadenii. Pachylia kadenii Schauf., Nung. Otiosus i, p. 16 (1870). Pachylia robusta Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 135 (1875).
142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
Clanis imperialis Druce, B. Cent.-Amer. Heb. 4; 't. 3; fi 1 (1883). Oryba impérialis Druce, Amer, Nat. Hist. (6), v, p. 213 (1890). Amphonyx.
In Novitates Zoologicee, vi, p. 91, the Hon. Walter Roths- child has added to the confusion already existing, in regard to the species of this genus, by failing to compare Boisduval’s de- scriptions with the fig. on pl. v, of the Sphingidz. In the index to plate v, fig. i, is said to represent A. godartii, whereas in reality it is an excellent representation of A. deelzebuth, agreeing with the description and the type itself which I have examined in Mr. Oberthiir’s collection ; the species therefore stands:
Amphonyx beelzebuth Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 63, t. 5, fig. 1 (wrongly named godartii in the 'jadex to plate). Amphonyx rivularis Druce, (nec. Butl.) B. Cent.-Am. Het. i, t. iii, f. 4.
Amphonyx rivularts Butl., is a very distinct species, ranging from Mexico to southern Brazil.
Amphonyx godartii. Amphonyx godartii Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 65 (1875). Cocytius affinis Rothsch., Nov. Zool. i, p. 92.
In a long series of specimens from Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil, I can distinguish no difference. Possibly 4. godartii is _ asynonym of A. duponchelii Poey, but I have no Cuban material, and the specimens so named in the B. M. seem distinct. Amphonyx medor.
_ Sphinx medor Stoll, Pap. Exot. iv, t. 394, A. (1782). Amphonyx tapayusa Moon, Pr. Liverpool Soc. xxxvii, p. 245 (1883).
Typical specimens of A. ¢apayusa are in the coll. of E, D. Jones, Esq., and cannot be separated from specimens of 4. medor, which I obtained ex larva at Jalapa, Mexico.
Amphonyx wailkeri. Amphonyx walkeri Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 67 (1875). Amphonyx staudingeri Druce, Amer, Nat. Hist. (6), ii, p. 237 (1888). Cocytius magnificus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. i, p. 92, pl. vii, f. 21 (1894).
Several specimens including the type of this fine species in the coll. of Mr. Oberthiir agree perfectly with A. staudingeri and C. magnificus.
Protoparce nicotiane. Sphinx nicotiané Bd., Sp. Gen. Hist. i, p. 75 (1875). Protoparce jamaicensis Butl. Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, p. 608 (1877).
I have examined both types and find they represent the same species.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 143
Protoparce hannibal. : Sphinx hannibal Cr., Pap. Ex. iii, t. 216, Ao).
_ Sphinx hamilcar Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p..79 (1895).
I have seen Boisduval’s type of S. hamilcar and agree with Mr. Oberthiir, who has placed it as a synonym of S. hannibal. Protoparce capsici. “
Sphinx capsici Bd., Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 80 (1875). Pseudosphinx morelia Druce, Am. Nat. Hist. (6), xiii, p. 168 (1894).
I have examined both types and they are identical.
Sphinx lugens. Sphinx lugens Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M. viii, p. 219 (1856).
I believe this species has been wrongly identified in most American collections. The /ugens of the Neumoegen collection is certainly not Walker’s species. Correctly named specimens are in the collection of Prof. E. T. Owen, of Madison, Wis. Boisduval, Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 87, also wrongly considered his Sphinx merops, Lep. Guat. p. 73, as representing dugens of Walker. Sphinx merops Bd., is the northern form of Sphinx justicie Walk.=Anteros Men. and differs chiefly in the absence ot the small sub-dorsal orange spots which exist on the posterior portion of each abdominal segment in Sphinx justicig, the Brazilian form. The true Sphinx dugens Walk. was unknown to Boisduval. In the Neumoegen collection I saw several speci- mens of Sphinx lugens Walk., I believe, under the name of andromed@, and what stood under the name of /ugens was a species which I had not seen previously, and may be evemitiozdes Strk., which would therefore be a good species.
Sphinx andromedz.
Sphinx andromede Bd., Sp. Gen. i, p. 89, Lep. Guat. p. 74 (1870).
Sphinx separatus Neum., Ent. Am. i, p. 92 (1885). I have specimens compared with the above types. Sphinx separatus is a trifle paler than my Mexican specimens of androm- : ed@, but they are inseparable. In the British Museum collec- 3 tions, Sphinx andromed@ stands as Sphinx leucopheata Clem., : and if correctly identified, Clemen’s name will have priority, but, personally, I believe that = leucoph@ata is a northern form of _ Sphinx lanceolata Felder, which is common in the State of Vera
Cruz, Mexico. ' : Sphinx reevii. Hyloicus reevii Druce, Ent.’'Mo. Mag. xix, p. 18. 1882.
144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
Sphinx baruta Berg., Am. Soc. Argent. xv, p. 151, 1883. Sphinx cossoides Rothsch., Nov. Zool. i, p. 94, pl. vii, f. 22, 1894.
On page 542 of vol. i, of ‘‘Novitates Zoologice,’’ Mr Roths- child calls attention to the identity of his .S. cossoides with Hy- loicus reevit Druce, but he does not give the complete synonymy. Lapara bombycoides.
Lapara bombycoides Wik., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M. viii, p. 232 (1856). Ellema harristi Clem., Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. iv, p. 188 (1856).
After carefully comparing my own specimens and those of the B. M. with Walker’s type in the Saunder’s coll. at Oxford, I can find not even varietal reasons for separating the above. Dilophonota meriane.
Erinnyis meriane Grote, Pr. Ent. Soc. Phil. v, p. 75, t. 2, f. 2, 1885. Ancery x omphalee Bd., Lep. Guat. p. 72 (1870).
With the exception of Prof. J. B. Smith, in his monograph of the Sphingidz of N. A., the English writing Entomologists have failed to notice that Boisduval himself draws attention to the above synonymy in the Sp. Gen. Het. i, p. 128. As mentioned by Mr. Rothschild in Nov. Zool. i, p. 541, D. merian@ isa race of D. lassauxii Bd., Anceryx lassauxit Bd., Bul. Soc. Ent. France (3), vii, p. 157 (1859), which has the secondaries entirely black, all intermediate forms being found.
Dilophonata alope. Sphinx alope Dru., Ill. Ex. Ent. i, t. 27, fig. 1 (1773). Sphinx fasciata Swains., Zool. Il. iii, t. 150, f. 2 (1823). Auceryx edwardsii Butl., Papilio 1, p. 105 (1881).
The above represent our species, which is extremely abundant throughout tropical America.
oO
CALIFORNIA LEPIDOPTERA. By Max ALBRIGHT, Military Home, Los Angeles Co.
The December number of the Ent. NEws contains a complaint that so few specimens are entering cabinets, which is very much to be regretted. As for myself, my hobby is Lepidoptera, and having taken up my neglected studies, only two years ago, I have explored the vincinity of this Home, and between Los Angeles and Santa Monica to some extent, and send a list of some which were taken by myself and which have been identified either by Dr. H. Strecker, of Reading, Pa., or by Prof. H. H.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 145
Behr, M.D., Vice-President of the California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco, Cal.
Papilio rutulus, Pamphila campestris,
‘* eurymedon, Pyrgus syrichtus, Pieris protodice, Nisoniades tristis,
“ chloridice, = catullus, Anthocharis sara, M. quinque maculata, Meganostoma eurydice, M. - : cingulata, Colias eurytheme, Detlephila lineata, Lycena acmon, Ctenucha brunnea,
“ sepium, Lycomorpha miniata,
“ arota, Arctia autheola, Apodemia var. virgulty, “ arizonensts, Charis guadeloupe, e whee Danais plexippus, Arachnis picta,
Agraulis vanile, Argynnis corontis,
Halisidota maculata, Cossus robinia,
Melitea gabbii, Plusia gamma, v. californica, ‘““ chalcedona, “biloba, Vanessa satyrus, Flarpyia occidentalis, “— antiopa, Heliothts armiger, Pyrameis atalanta, Cidaria californiata, “ cardui, Homaptera lunata, . carye, Agrotis samia, Junonia cenia. so tamilifera and several un- Limenitis lorquint, identified, - bredowit, Eutrepela nubtilata,
Satyrus sthenele, , Tetracis truxiliata,
‘silvestris, pe @grotata, Caenonympha california, Azelina huberniana.
These are a few ; the last eighteen months have been very bad for collecting on account of the great drought, which was broken
- by a good rail fall on the 5th and 6th inst.
Ly VU
Popular Entomology—A Chase for a Butterfly.
There was a tradition among the young lepidopterists of the American Entomological Society, (1883) that some of the old members long since dead, and if still collecting, they are doing so in another spliere, had the pleasure of taking that delicate and pretty little orange-tipped butterfly, Anthocharis genutia. There were two localities mentioned, one was the bank of the Delaware, near Westville, N. J., and the other to the west of the Quaker
146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [May,
City, a place called Fox Chase. You all know that great desire to possess what we do not have, which is so strongly developed in the enthusiastic naturalist and collector. We wanted ‘‘the orange tip,’ and we wanted it badly. The time to look for it was in the Spring, when all nature was smiling and budding into life again. It was the time when the great shad seine was being hauled in, and we frequently watched this interesting process while looking for the butterfly on the white flowers ( Cerastium arvense) which grew along the river bank. This locality was collected over for a number of years in the early Spring, but without success. It was in the year 1889 that at last we were rewarded; it was the 6th of May, and the day was still, clear and warm. Two specimens were taken; one was beautifully fresh and and not long from the chrysalis and the other faded and torn.
We were paid for our trouble at last, but the reward was not very great, yet we were happy in having obtained the species in our own territory. The captured specimens were females, and the female lacks the orange tip to the wings, being entirely white. A few years after (1892) we succeeded in discovering a locality that has since given us our supply of this species. Having a num- ber of botanical friends who went out on weekly excursions around the surrounding country, we asked one of them who was a good observer of such things, to keep a lookout for this insect. He reported seeing the species in some abundance near a place on the Perkiomen Creek called Arcola. This is twenty-eight or thirty miles from Philadelphia, and the train leaves very early in the morning. Of course we determined to go for them the very next day if the weather was suitable. Arising early in the morning we found the day everything that need be desired. The money invested in an excursion ticket, would have paid for the News for a whole year, but we were willing to take some chances on the result, even if it became necessary to make an assignment afterward. The ride was an interesting one; we passed much historic ground, including Washington's headquarters at Valley Forge. We changed cars, taking the little narrow gauge rail- road that runs along the picturesque Perkiomen. It was the morning of May the gth, 1892, that this little trip was taken, and it was nine o’clock in the morning when we stepped off the cars at the little station at Arcola. Our net was gotten in order; cyanide jar in readiness and the chase began. The old bridge was crossed,
a
+4 ath ad
1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147
and according to directions we passed the flour-mill on the east side of the stream and made for the thick woods that covers the hills along the creek. Beyond the mill, as might be supposed, the first thing seen was the ubiquitous sign—No TRESPASSING; next on the list in the usual order was the hamlet cur which made all the noise it knew how; next was the old man himself, but he said nothing, so we mustered up courage and made for the kindly shelter of the woods beyond. The banks of the creek run up for a height of 100 to 150 feet above the stream and are quite heavily wooded, and it was in this woods, and ina rather open thicket in the centre of it that we were told our coveted butterfly was to be found. We wandered around through the woods, and up and down the banks, but not a sign of an Anthocharis was seen. We were disconsolate; here was a day wasted—31 miles from home and our dollar gone. But fortunately there was a good time coming; about ten o’clock a small butterfly was seen flying close to the ground, and moving along in a fairly straight line with a quick flutering flight; it was netted on the wing, and we had the pleasure of taking our first orange-tip, a fine % -Anthocharis genutia. ,
From this on, they flew in some abundance, and were seen in a number of directions, traveling along, close to the.ground, after their peculiar habit. |. While making a downward stroke of the net it came in contact with the sharp end of a broken off sapling, which was not noticed in the grass and weeds. Now here was misery ; orange-tips coming in many directions and a big hole torn in the bottom of the net. Fortunately we had our surgical pocket close along and the rent was sewed up with a surgical needle and iron dyed silk. To make a long story short, twenty- eight specimens were caught in a few hours, and we took the train for home, weary but happy, and now beautiful specimens of the orange-tip grace our cabinets.
ny VU
COCOON MIMICRY. By RicHARD E. Kunze, M.D., New York.
The discovery of an albino cocoon in the folds of an American silk flag as well as a number of others varying in tints from that
_ of a light-colored barrel stave to a dark-brown cocoon spun up
under circumstances, which left no doubt in my mind, that it was
148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
for the purpose of protective mimicry, led me to write up this very interesting subject. On May 30, 1894, I removed two small silk flags standing with a number of others in the corner of a room kept for plants and pupz during Winter, with a view of placing there in a window in commemoration of Decoration Day. One of the flags would not unfurl, and to my surprise found a whzte cocoon of the hybrid ex Attacus ceanothi et A.
ceoropia, spun up between the white dars of the silk—a perfect albino of the fleeciest white silk. This cocoon contained a larva, which perished. during the transformatory period nearly a year ago. This larva escaped from one of several apple barrels in which full-grown larve of my hybrids had been placed with a quantity of food-plant there to transform. Barrels were covered with cheese-cloth and fastened with cotton twine.
All the other cocoons of both of my hybrids ex ceanothi et cecropia and ex columbia cecropia,* which were spun up on branches of choke cherry (Prunus serotina), very nearly resem- bled the color of those twigs, or a little darker than a light um- ber-brown.. A few cocoons were spun up to the cheese-cloth and others to the side of the barrel near the top of each barrel.
These cocoons were ever so much lighter in color, and that portion of cocoon adhering to barrel was the counterpart of color of the maple staves, while the part fastened to the cheese-cloth agreed in tint with unbleached muslin. It will be seen that some of the cocoons were of two different tints, according to position where attached. Cocoons spun up against the cloth were of quite the same color, and of these I had altogether about ten in number. Cocoons found attached to barrel staves were of the color of the wood, and of such I had from fifteen to twenty in all. When found adhering both to cloth and wood, two tints protective in every way were the result.
The cheese-cloth was a little soiled from frequent use over the barrels in which the larvze were raised in my cellar. When larve were full grown they were transferred to other barrels on top floor of house, and each of the barrels contained from ninety to one hundred larve. Of ceanothi et cecropia there were three hundred and eighteen cocoons, and of columbia et cecropia
*Cocoons of columbia et cecropia were all, when attached to stem of food-plant, a shade or two darker than similar ones of ceanothi et cecropia. But when former were attached to barrel these cocoons were of a protective color.
1895. }> ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149
only thirty-two cocoons, having from accident lost the most of my young larve of the last mentioned hybrid.
June 11, 1894, I found another cocoon made by an escaped larva out of one of the barrels, and very forcibly illustrating protective mimicry. \ espied on the pine-floor of my plant-room, close by a bundle of printed American flags, tacked onto plain white pine sticks which had been undisturbed since New York’s Columbus Celebration more than a year ago, a small female hybrid of ceanothi et cecropia. 1 failed to account for its presence there, having in January previous removed all of the hybrid cocoon to my office below. I examined the bundle of flags, untying the sticks, and there found between two of the pine-wood sticks a cocoon attached to the wood of both, and in color not distinguishable from the wood. I cut off that portion of those two sticks, leaving the cocoons in situ, which I sent to the editor of ENTOMOLOGICAL News for preservation and future ‘use, the same as I had previously done with other cocoons illus- trating Cocoon Mimicry. By thus clinching the nail of necessary evidence, we escape the carpings of cynics, who like to argue from a more hypothetical point of view. Regarding color, I would say, that this last discovery, illustrative of cocoon rnimicry, resembles cream-color more than any other, and compares favor- bly with cocoons of my hybrids found attached to the cheese- cloth cover of barrels.
I am sorry now that I did not preserve all of my light-colored cocoon or pupz-cases found, and illustrating so forcibly the claim advanced in this paper. Many of those cocoons spun up to the cheese-cloth and barrelstaves, I sent out to my numerous foreign and native exchanges, along with darker ones found on stems of Prunes serotina. Dark cocoons were never found attached to side of barrel, and such of the dark ones, which spun up in the cellar before larvee could be removed, were of the same shade as those found on food-plant in the barrels of upper part of house.
In further evidence of Cocoon-Mimicry, I must report another find of an albino cocoon of Cerura multiscripta, which I reared from a collected larve the first week of July, and from which emerged a perfect imago during the last week of same month in 1894. This cocoon was spun up between inch-strips of white blotting-paper and the sides of a glass-jar used for breeding cage of Cerura. The strips of paper were placed between cover and
ae
150 . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ~ [May,
body of jar for purposes of ventilation, The larva had scraped — off bits of blotting paper, mixing it with its oral secretion until
plastic enough for house-building purposes. A light coating of this material was.glued to the sides of the glass jar, and the rest was forced out toward the inner space of the cage, making a cell with a very convex wall. | In other words, this larva ate its way
into the middle of a strip of very thick blotting paper, throwing
out the particles removed in the shape of a cell-wall, until it found
space sufficient for transforming into.a paper. The latter was
plainly visible from outside of the jar, but not from opposite side.
The thin coating was with difficulty removed from the glass so
as not to mutilate the cocoon, and the latter I forwarded to Dr.
Henry Skinner, editor of Ent. News. Other cocoons of C
multiscripta reared in the same cage, were of the usual color and
firmness, a kind of wood-brown and. strongly made from the
woody fibre of willow bark. Before I knew how to raise larvee
of various species of Cerura to pupation,-and had not provided. cage with canes of food-plant of sufficient thickness for larva to
gnaw out a concavity to form the rear wall of its cell, they inva-
riably perished, and would not favor me by utilizing strips of blotting paper.
ATTENDING the Farmers’ Institute last week I was much interested in the (Prof. A. J. Cook) lecture on Insects. To-day we have been observing a phenomenon that is entirely new to me. At about nine o’clock A.M. our attention was attracted to a remarkable flight of butterflies. Our grove is bordered on the east and west sides by high close-set cypress trees. On the western side these trees stand about thirty feet from the first row of large orangetrees. There wasa stream of butterflies down this lane from the south to the north. This lane is about eighty rods long; a barn stands so as to cut it in two—about twenty rods from the avenue. The flight was rapid, and continued until three p.m. From nine until twelve M., as nearly as we could count and estimate, 200 butterflies passed each minute. After twelve the hedge cast a shade over the open space, but there were large numbers passing. At two o’clock we counted about fifty per minute. At four o’clock, only an occasional butterfly could be seen. I enclose you some specimens. A very good description is found in “‘The Natural His- tory of New York.” —Pyrameis cardui. The colors do not correspond exactly, but the markings are quite accurately described. Now this may be of no particular interest to you, from the fact that it may be common, but to me it was a novel sight.—Gro. D. Farnuam, Riverside, Cal.
1895.] eG 151
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain-no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1.20.
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PHILADELPHIA, Pa., May, 1895.
LABELING INSECTS.
A New collecting season is about to open, indeed for a number of our subscribers it has already commenced, and we have had the pleasure of receiving specimens taken during March. Our attention is constantly called to the utter carelessness of most collectors in regard to putting proper data on their specimens, whether pinned or in papers. Too many are Satisfied with the single label ‘‘mundus.’’ We are thoroughly con- vinced that a specimen labeled ‘‘mundus”’ is depreciated in value from 50 to 75 percent. If the specimen is a mounted one there are two things that should invariably be on the pin; one is the Exact locality where captured, and the other is the date of capture. It is not safe.to have the date and exact locality on the name label as this gives an opening or chance for error. If on the pin it always travels with the insect and is
_ part and parcel of it. I think that a number of our large collections made
in the past will lose much of their value on account of insufficient data with the specimens, as our studies are largely biological and many of the problems of the future will be solved by accurate studies of distribution and the appearence of species and broods. Entomology has passed beyond the time when the mere arrangement of the named specimens in the cabinet was the end of all work. It wont do either to merely put on a specimen the name of the State where captured. There is an exceed- ingly interesting and valuable paper on this subject by T. D. A. Cockerell (Can. Ent. vol. xxi, p. 46) which we wish all entomologists could read, as Mr. Cockerell says, many do not realize what only a State locality may mean. ‘It may mean distinct zoo-geographical regions, any altitude from (in Colorado) 4000 to 14,000 feet, an area of 103,948 square miles.
152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May,
That Colorado may mean snowy peaks, mountain forests or valleys, or level treeless plains, each presenting a distinct fauna of its own.” Also we frequently depend on data for additional specimens, but if we have
no such date we are at a loss. A number of times we have directed col- .
lectors how to get good things by looking up the data, but in many cases this could not be done as the author or the original collector was satisfied with giving the insect as found in Texas for instance (area 274,356 square miles), or in many cases the locality label was only ‘‘ mundus.”
THE latest album of the American Entomological Society, contains the pictures of D.S. Kellicott, J. B. Lembert, F. E. Blaisdell, W. R. Reinicke, G. B. King, J. L. Hancock, Edw. Norton, P. P. Calvert, A. J. Snyder, B. Neumoegen, W. B. Alwood, Wm. Grey, O. S. Westcott, C. H. T. Townsend, W. A. Nason, Herman Aich, F. Rauterberg, and room for more.
IN a recent letter, Mr. Wm. Schaus states that Mr. Herbert Druce in-
formed him that he had lately received several specimens of Eudryas
Stae Johannis Walker, from Mexico. This will be of interest to American Entomologists.
MourFETt, referring to Feas, makes the following observations: ‘‘The lesser, leaner and younger they are, the sharper they bite; the fat ones being more inclined to tickle and play; and then are not the least plague, especially when in greater numbers, since they molest men that are sleeping and trouble wearied and sick persons, from whom they escape by skipping; for as soon as they find they are arraigned to die, and feel the finger com- ing, on a sudden they are gone, and leap here and there, and so escape
the danger; but so soon as day breaks, they forsake the bed. They then
creep into the rough blankets, or hide themselves in rushes and dust, lying in ambush for pigeons, hens and other birds, also for men and dogs, moles and mice, and vex such as passe by.’’~- Theatre of Insects, p. 102.
Ata time when there were great swarms of Locusts in China, as we learn from Navarette, the Emperor went out into his gardens, and taking up some of these insects in his hands, thus spoke to them: The people maintain themselves on wheat, rice, etc.; you come to devour and destroy it, without leaving anything behind; it were better you should devour my bowels than the food of my subjects. Having concluded his speech, the monarch was about to put them in a fair way of ‘‘ devouring his bowels” by swallowing them, when some that stood by telling him they were venomous, he nobly answered, ‘‘I value not my life when it is for the good of my subjects and people to lose it,’’ and immediately swallowed the insects. History tells us the locusts that very moment took wing, and went off without doing any more damage ; but~whether or not the heroic Em- peror recovered, leaves us in ignorance.—Cowan’s Curious Facts.
Te Sa ee
ye
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153
DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY.
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J.
THE SAN JOSE SCALE.—No. 4, of volume vii of ‘‘ Insect Life,’’ con- tains an article on this subject by Mr. L. O. Howard, in which he adds to the life-history of the insect, gives a record of what insecticide experi- ments have been made and states the distribution of the species so far as known at the present time. An interesting suggestion is made that possibly the scale is confined to the upper austral fauna in the East, and that it will not trespass to any extent upon the transition regions. The facts so far as we know them in New Jersey support this, because in spite of all my inquiries, I have not found any trace of the scale north of the Red Shale, and this in New Jersey certainly marks a distinct region. In fact this shale, upon which New Brunswick is situated, seems to belong to a distinctly more northern faunal region than many points further north; but interesting as this speculation may be, it is not what I intended to say on this subject. Mr. Howard has again pointed out that the scale was largely distributed from New Jersey, and his conclusions seems to be that the insect has so well established itself that we can scarcely hope to exterminate it; that is, it occurs in so many different places that it will remain unnoticed in some until it gets beyond practical control. It is possible that Mr: Howard is right, and I have been regretfully forced toward the same conclusion, without being thereby induced to cease efforts looking towards its extermination. The location of the New Jer- sey nurseries has been published in the agricultural journals, and, as nothing can be gained by concealment, much may be gained by a plain statement of the facts as they exist at the present time.
Pium Trees bearing the scales were introduced into New Jersey at about the same time by the Messrs. Parry, at Parry, Burlington County, N. J., and by the J. T Lovett Co., at Little Silver, Monmouth County, N. J. These two localities are at opposite sides of the State, the one near the Delaware, the other close to the Atlantic Coast; both are on approxi- mately the same formation, although Little Silver is more than 20’” north of Parry. At Little Silver all the infested trees were grown one year, some of them longer, in a plot upon which was a long row of bearing Bartlett pear trees. The original plum trees were used to bud from, some were sold and all have long since disappeared; but from them the pear trees became infested. This row of bearing pear trees has been the point from which the nursery stock in the vicinity has been annually infested.
At the time when I first saw the trees in the Spring of 1894, they were
literally covered to the extreme tip of the twigs with the scale; it seemed as if there was scarcely room for another insect to fasten itself anywhere upon the bark, an¢é many of the trees were practically dead. Mr. Lovett
had already directed that these be taken out; not because they were
154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
scaly, because that he had not realized, but simply because they were - dying and of no further use. When I pointed out that every one was badly infested, he directed that they be all cut down and burned. This direction was carried out, because on a later visit I found that the trees had disappeared. Ina large block of apple, pear, quince, plum and other fruit trees, not far from these bearing trees, I found the scales scattered everywhere; scarcely a plant was entirely free, while none was very badly infested. It was a general seeding down and at that time the larve were moving about. I pointed this out to Mr. Lovett and warned him of the danger in sending the trees out. He promised not to do so without treat- ment, and I arranged that later in the season I would again visit the nursery that [ might see just how matters stood. This visit was made after mid-summer, and I found an increase in the number of scales on the - nursery stock, found the original source of infection gene, and discovered the scales on a few other trees in another part of the nursery. These trees were destroyed by Mr. Lovett, and there remained then only «ne block upon which the San José Scale existed. After consultation with Mr. Howard concerning the practical details of gas treatment of nursery stock I recommended a fumigating box in which all the trees should be exposed to the gas before being sent out. February 22nd I again visited the nurseries with Mr. Collingwood, of the Rural New Yorker, and at his request. The stock had all been removed from the infested plot, and the apple trees, comprising much the greatest proportion of the number, were heeled in close by, in trenches. Mr. Lovett showed us the box con- structed according to my suggestion, and which was suitable for the pur- pose, and stated that everything on that block had been fumigated. An examination of the scales on a considerable number of the apple trees indicated that the application had been successful. According to the fore- man, who had actually attended to the work, the exposure to the action of the gas had been between one and one-half and two hours, and the amount of cyanide used was fully up to the amount recommended. I did not find a single living scale insect in the course of the examination made by me. All that I examined were white and flattened; none of them plump and yellow: nowhere could I get any appearance of life. It was, of course, a physical impossibility that I should examine each of the five or six thousand trees in the trenches; but I did examine trees here and there at different parts of the rows and made a point, as far as possible, of examining the scales where they were grouped most densely, and would be naturally most difficult to destroy. I believe that the treatment was as nearly successful as one treatment can ever be; but asked Mr. — Lovett, as a matter of extra precaution, to fumigate again before sending out the stock, which he promised to do. The other stock that had been upon this nursery block had been in great part sold, but there yet remained a considerable number of pear trees of different varieties. These I found to be infested, and on these, though according to Mr: Lovett’s statement, they had been treated as had the apple trees, the scales were alive.
1895. } _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155
There was no question of this, because everywhere plump, yellow insects were found under their scaly covering, and I could scarcely believe that they had been actually exposed to the gas; if they had, the work must have been so carelessly done as to be absolutely ineffective. The ground at this time was frozen solid, and Mr. Lovett had his man chop out with a hatchet those that I found were scaly, and he finally promised to de- stroy all the trees that had come from that particular block, except the apple trees already examined and found practically free from danger. Now, as a matter of fact, without almost criminal carelessness the scales can be completely exterminated in this nursery during the present season. It needs only the destruction of such stock as remains on hand at this time. There are no bearing trees that are infested with the scale; yet Mr. Lovett, as a matter of extra precaution, has declared that he will cut out what few remain in the nursery. If this is done, I see no reason why any stock grown in the future on this land should not be entirely safe and free from the scale.
The situation of Parry is somewhat different, and yet the history is nearly the same. Here also plum trees were imported from California, and these were infested by the scale. The trees remained in the nursery rows for two or three years, and were used to bud from. They never did well and were eventually taken out and destroyed ; but the mischief had been done; the scales had spread from them to bearing trees in the vicinity. Fruit growing is a very important feature on the Parry farms, and a considerable acreage of trees soon became seriously infested. In the home orchards the ground is utilized to the greatest possible extent and low plants and shrubs are grown in portions of it. Among others currants, both black and white, became very seriously infested by the scale. We had, therefore, an abundant supply of sources from which nursery stock could become infested year after year; and this actually took place. When the Messrs. Parry realized that their orchards were so badly infested and that the nursery stock was also well spotted over, several blocks of valuable trees were taken out entirely and burnt, without any attempt made to treat them. Certain other varieties that did not seem to be badly
_ troubled were left, with the idea that they might be treated and saved. I visited the nurseries at intervals during the Summer, and during this time a number of experiments were made as to the possibility of using the kerosene emulsion successfully against the scales. To some extent the applications were advantageous, especially where made when the larvz were active, or just after they had set and before the scale had become impenetrable. But it was found that this was a very unreliable
method and I advised niaking a Winter campaign; which sugges- tion was adopted for nursery stock, before it was sent out, the gas treat- ment was advised, and on February 26th, when I last visited nurseries, almost ail that was heeled in had been thoroughly treated and on it I did not find living scales. Some parts of rows had not yet been fumigated and there plenty of living scales were found, showing at once a strong
156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [May,
contrast between treated and untreated portions. The fumigation had been interfered with by the heavy storms which had piled up the snow in such a way as to prevent practical work with the tent that had been constructed to cover the plants in the trenches. In heeling in the stock had been blocked in such a way as to make it convenient to cover for purpose of fumigation, and I believe that the treatment, so far as applied, has been successful. In the nursery rows many of the one year old shoots were more or less scaly, and all these had been thoroughly treated with caustic potash, every stick having been separately washed with a solution of about one pound, or more, in a gallon of water. ‘The application was so severe that of some varieties a large proportion was killed, while in others there seemed little or no injury. As against the scale it had not been entirely successful, so there remain a number of one year old trees in the nursery rows that require further treatment. The scales have been so thinned down, however, that there is little chance of their spreading from the points at which they now exist. Many of the worst infested
bearing trees, and especially those that were in the nursery plots have —
been cut down and burnt. In the orchard close by the trees have been cut back to the trunks and larger branches, and these have been so thor- oughly washed, that there is no present danger of a spread from them, even if destruction has not been absolute. In providing for a new supply of trees the infested territory will be entirely abandoned and new land distant from bearing trees has been selected. Practically the two nurser- ies in New Jersey which originally distributed the scales are now the safest places to buy stock, and I believe that there will be no danger from any stock grown by them in the future. It will take some time to exter- minate the scale completely on the Parry place; not on their nursery land so much as in their orchards. The nursery land can be, and will be, en- tirely cleared, leaving no scaly shoots or plants. The orchards cannot be in bearing condition again for two or three years to come, and this will give opportunity for the most radical kind of treatment to be applied to the trunk and branches.
Now a few words on the applications that have been made, and on the success attending them. Practically the fish-oil soaps has been most satisfactory, when used at the rate suggested by Mr. Howard—two pounds in one gallon of water—which is also the proportion recom- mended by me. 1 have received, within the past weeks, samples of twigs from a badly infested orchard, and on these I have failed to find living scales. Of the many hundreds which I turned over and examined under a good dissecting microscope, I found not one that showed the least trace of life. The treatment had been with a soap made by the farmer himself. He writes that he used ‘‘5 pounds of seal oil to one can of Lewis’s lye, mixed according to directions which came with the lye. It made soap immediately. This I dissolved according to directions in Bulletin, two pounds of soap to a gallon of water, and applied with a whitewash brush on the gth of this (third) month. I treated a few trees about four days
1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157
previous to this which I gave a second coat on the gth, as there had been a rain the next night after the application.”’ I received, at my request, specimens of the worst infested twigs, on which the scales were massed so as to conceal the bark entirely, and here.also I failed to find a single living insect. I do not believe that we need quite despair of eradicating the scale, provided we can bring the farmers to a realizing sense of the importance of the matter, and this I think can be done in New Jersey at least.
Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.
[The Conductors of ENTOoMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy”’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—EbD.
Now READY.—The new Supplement to Henshaw’s List of Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, has been completed, and will be mailed on receipt of price, 40 cents per copy. Application for copies should be made to the Treasurer. See advertisement elsewhere.
Mr. Pui_ip Laurent contemplates a Spring collecting trip to Florida.
THe CotTtron SCALE INsEctT.—In 1856, Fitch described as a new spe- cies, Aspidiotus gossypii, found at Ningpo, China. This insect has not been seen since, but the short description might apply to immature speci- mens of some Chionaspis or Diaspis. All things considered, I should prefer to place it in the former genus, pending its rediscovery on the origi- nal food-plant at the original locality, or an examination of the types if they still exist. The purpose of this note is partly to draw attention to the species, and perhaps so lead to its re-discovery; but also to protest against the introduction of the name into our faunal lists, by Mr. Ashmead, as an Aleyrodes. (Ins. Life, vol. vii, p. 323). What possible reason there can be for identifying an A/eyrodes from Mississippi with Fitch’s Chinese in- sect, I cannot imagine.
As having some bearing on the matter, I may add that at Kingston, Jamaica, I found numbers of Chionaspis minor Mask., and Diaspis amygdali form /anatus, on stems of cotton, mixed together. The orange- red $ of Diaspis were hatching on Aug. 8, 1892.—T. D. A. COCKERELL.
158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. x (May,
Mr. Cuas. LigBEck expects to make a flying trip to the South this month, and hopes to have a few days in the mountains of east Tennessee, looking for Cychrus. “9
THE Sandwich Islands have the following tradition in regard to the introduction of Fleas into their country: Many years ago a woman from Waimea went out to a ship to see her lover, and as she was about to return, he gave her a bottle, saying that there was very little valuable property: (watwaz) contained in it, but that she must not open it, on any account, until she reached the shore. As soon as she gained the beach, she eagerly uncorked the bottle to examine her treasure, but nothing was to be dis- covered.—the fleas hopped out, and ‘‘they have gone on hoppingand biting — ever since.’’—/Jenkin’s Voy. U. S. Explor. Exbed., p. 385.
IN going through my field book, I find a little incident recorded about — E the tenacity of life, of a Pap. turnus larva which may be of interest to some Lepidopterists.
Sometime in July last, a friend of mine from here visited in Vermont, and knowing my fondness for anything pertaining to natural history, procured a larva, which as he said, was in the act of covering part of the underside of a leaf with a silky substance; this was on Aug. 1st. Not ’ having a suitable receptacle on hand, he took leaf and larva, arriving at the house, put the larva,—which, in the’meantime, had crawled off the leaf— in a little wooden barrel-shaped box and temporarily, as he thought, in his trunk; being that very day called to some place in Connecticut, forgot all about the larva, and returned home on Aug. 18th. In opening his trunk came across the box, which he post haste brought to me. We found the larva, which proved to be a éurmus minus food, still alive, but greatly reduced in size. Zurnus is rather scarce around Elkhart,—although in * beating the basswood for Saf. vestita and lateralis I have sometimes found oe the larva.—I was anxious of finding out what the result would be of so { long a confinement without food and shut up in an, almost air-tight box. Procuring food and comfortable quarters in my vivarium, it nevertheless ‘ refused to eat, and died on Aug. 24th. Now, I think under the conditions q the larva was kept, it is remarkable that it survived so. long. |
Pah Werth. a
ones
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent, Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identificaticn, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENrOMOLOGICAL Nrws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan
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* ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159
1895. ] Entomological Literature.
1. THE ANNALS AND MaGaAziNE OF NAtTuRAL History. London, March, 1895.—On the formation of new colonies by Termes luci/ugus, J. Perez (transl. from Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris).
2. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN. Chicoutimi, Quebec, March, 1895.—
Our insect friends and insect foes, Rev. T. W. Fyles.
3. FLowERs AND INSECTS by Charles Robertson.—No. xii [Clematis, Ranunculus, etc.] Botan. Gazette, xix, 3, March, 1894.—Rosacez and Composite, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vi, 14, April 26, 1894.—No. xiii [Dodecatheon, etc.] Bot. Gazette xx, 3, March, 1895.
4. BULLETINO DELLA SOCIETA ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA, XXvVi, 2. Florence, June 27, 1894.—Studies on ants of the neotropical fauna, C. Emery, 4 pls. Hymenopterological notes—ii, G. Gribodo. Revision of the European species of the family of the mosquitoes (cont.), E. Ficalbi. —3-4, Feb. 15, 1895. Onaspecies of Lac from Madagascar and the in- sect living within, with observations on red lac from India and its insect, and on some other lacs, etc., A. Targioni-Tozzetti, figs.
5. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, vii, 4. Lille, January, 1895.—Remarks on the comparative anatomy of the last segments of the body of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera, A. Peytoureau. On the normal habitat in the stems of cereals of an accidental parasite of man, Pediculoides tritici, R. Moniez.
6. THE GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. London, March, 1895.—The Miocene insect fauna of Oeningen, Baden, S. H. Scudder, 1 pl.
7. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, March 11, 1895.—On the bi- ology and classification of the tree lice (Lachninz Pass. partim) of the Weichsel region, A. Mordwilko.—March 25, 1895. On the knowledge of the myrmecophilous and termitophilous Arthropods, E. Wasmann. On
‘a new parasite of mammals, G. Canestrini.
8. ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vili, 5, Febru- ary, 1895 (received March 26, 1895).—A monograph of Scytonotus, O. F. and A. C. Cook, 4 pls.
9. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD. London, March 15, 1895.—Col- lecting Noctuidz by Lake Erie, A. R. Grote. Notes on butterfly pupe, with some remarks on the phylogenesis of the Rhopalocera, T. A. Chap- man, M.D. Discussion on the nature of certain insect colors, J. W. Tutt. Phytophagic species, A. R. Grote.—April 1, 1895. Collecting Noctuidz by Lake Erie, A. R: Grote. Notes on butterfly pupe, with some remarks on the phylogenesis of the Rhopalocera (cont.), T. A. Chapman. Dis- cussion on the nature of certain insect colors, C. R. N. Burrows, J. An- derson, Jr., R. M. Prideaux. Hybridism, A. R. Grote.
160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. a [May,
10. VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOL.-BOT. GESELLSCHAFT IN WIEN,
1894, xliv, 3-4, January, 1895.—Contributions to the natural history of the Meloid genus Zy¢fa Fabr., K. Escherich, 4 pls., Ags. Two cases of adsy: tation, id.
11. ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES. ZOOLOGIE, xix, 2-3. Paris, 1895.—Glandular apparatus of the Hymenoptera (cont.), L. Bordas, 4 pls.
12. Dir NONNENRAUPE UND IHRE BAKTERIEN von Dr. A. Metzger und Dr. N. J. C. Miiller. Berlin. Verlag von Julius Springer, 1895, 160 pp., 45 colored plates.
13. LE NATURALISTE. Paris, March 15, 1895.—The degrees of necro- philous tendency in Coleoptera, A. Acloque.
14. VERHANDLUNGEN DES NATURHISTORISCHEN VEREINS DER PREUS- SISCHEN RHEINLANDE, etc. (6), i, 1. Bonn, 1894.— Formica exsecta Ny). and its nest fellows, E. Wasmann.
15. OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE NATURAL HIsTORY SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN, ii, 3. Milwaukee, 1895 (received April 2, 1895).—Spiders of the Homa/attus group of the family Attida, G. W. and E. G. Peck- ham, 2 pls.
16. THE FAUNA OF BritisH INDIa, including Ceylon and Burma. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by W. T. Blandford. Morsas—vol. iii by G. F. Hamp- son. London: Taylor and Francis, 1895, pp. xxviii, 546; 223 figs. Treats of the Noctuid subfamilies Focilline and Deltoidine.
17. BlOLOGIA CLNTRALI-AMERICANA, pt. cxx. London, January, 1895 {received April 2, 1895).—Coleoptera: vol. ii, pt. 4, pp. 489-496, D. Sharp (Colydiidz) ; vol. iii, pt. i, pp. 297-312, pls. xi, xii, G. C. Champion (Ser- ricornia). Hymenoptera: vol. ii, pp. 329-344, pl. xiv, P. Cameron (Mu- tillidz). Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera: vol. ii, pl. Ixxxiv, F. D. Godman and O. Salvin (Hesperidze). Rhynchota-Homoptera, vol. ii, pp. 57-72, W. W. Fowler.
18. PsycHE. Cambridge, Mass., April, 1895.—-A comparison of Cofias hecla with C. meadii and C. elis, T. E. Bean. Western Pedicize, Bittaco- morphe and Trichocere, C. R. Osten Sacken. Failure to emerge of
_ Actias luna, C. G. Soule.
I9. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, iii, 3 (issued March 28, 1895).—The oviposition of MWelitara prodenialis Walker, H. G. Hubbard, figs.» Notes on Melsheimer’s catalogue of the Coleoptera of Pennsylvania, E. A. Schwarz. Further note on the structure of the ovipositor in Hymenoptera, C. L. Marlatt, fig. Description of the
pine-cone-inhabiting Scolytid, E. A. Schwarz. Notes.on the habits of —
certain Mycetophilids, with descriptions of Apidapus scabiei sp. nov., A. D. Hopkins, figs. A review of the work of the Entomological Society
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161
of Washington during the first ten years of its existence, L. O. Howard. Additional observations on the habits of Ammophila gryphus Sm., T. Pergande. On-the food habits of Odynerus, C. L. Marlatt. Notes on the genus Liopteron Perty, W. H. Ashmead. The phylogeny of Hemiptera, H. Osborn. On gossamer spiders’ web, L. O. Howard.
20. INsECr LIFE, vii, 4. Washington, March, 1895.—Further notes on the San José scale, L. O. Howard, fig. Report on the Mexican cotton- boll weevil in Texas, C. H. T. Townsend, figs., map, The cotton or melon plant-louse, T. Pergande. The cotton worm question in 1894, E. A. Schwarz. Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi (cont.), W. H. Ashmead. On the distribution of certain imported beetles, F. H. Chit- tenden. Injurious insects and commerce, L. O. Howard. Is Cyrtoneura c@sia an injurious insect ?, D. W. Coquillett, figs. Insect fertilization of an aroid plant, H. G. Hubbard, figs. Notes and observations on the twig girdler (Oncideres cingulata Say), T. H. Scheffer. A cecidomyiid that lives on poison oak, D. W. Coquillett. A migration of cockroaches, L. O. Howard. The potato bud weevil, F. H. Chittenden. An ortalid fly injuring cereals, figs. The gray hair streak butterfly and its damage
_to beans, figs. General notes.
21. NATURE. London, March 28, 1895.—Orb-weaving spiders of the United States, O. P. Cambridge.
22. ANALES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA ARGENTINA, Xxxviii, 5-6. Buenos Aires, November-December, 1894 (received April 9, 1895).— Flowers and insects, A. Gallardo.
23. JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY, xi, 2, April, 1895.— Notes on the seventeen-year Cicada, E. G. Love, 1 pl.
24. KNOWLEDGE. London, April 1, 1895.—Wiéinter life of insects, E. A. Butler, figs. The house spider in captivity, H. D. Nicholson:
25. ABHANDLUNGEN AUS DEM GEBIETE DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN HERAUSGEGEBEN VOM NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREIN IN Ham- BURG, xiii, 1895.—Revision of the Tarantulidze Fabr. (Phrynide Latr.), K. Kraepelin.
26. THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. Philadelphia, April, 1895.—Two more new species of Lecanium, T. D. A. Cockerell. A new Trombidian, J. L. Hancock, 1 pl.
27. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xxi, 5-6. Berlin, March, 1895. —Catalogue of the European bees, Dr. v. Dalla-Torre and H. Friese. On my new Muscid system, E. Girschner.
28. CATALOGUE GENERAL DES HEMIPTERES par L. Lethierry et G. Severin. Tome ii, Hétéropteres: Coreide, Berytide, Lygzeide, Pyrrho- coridz. Bruxelles, 1894, 277 pp. (including index), Tome i, 286 pp., containing the Pentatomide, is dated 1893.
162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, (May,
29. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., April, 1895.—Va-* riation in Nemeophila petrosa at Laggan in western Alberta, T. E. Bean. Preptos, Tamphana and Arotros, W. Schause Thecla ontario Edw., J. Fletcher. On the term Cydosiinz, A. R. Grote. Some new Attidz, N. Banks. Synopsis of the Dipterous genus Phora, D. W. Coquillett. Pre- paratory stages of Euclidia cuspidea Hiibn., J. B. Lembert. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera—iii, C. F. Baker. Mounting insects without pressure, R. W. Rennie. :
30. THE ENnTomoLoacist. London, April, 1895.—Life-history of Or nithoptera richmondii, H. Schneider, figs. Ants and their companions, Cc. W. Dale. Three new species of Coccide, T. D. A. Cockerell. On the causes of variation and aberration in the imago state of butterflies, with suggestions on the establishment of new species, Dr. M. Standfuss. Notes on the synonymy of Noctuid moths, A. G. Butler. Aberrations in the structure of appendages in the Coleoptera, T. H. Garbowski, D. Sharp, figs.
31. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (2), iv (extract). San Francisco, Feb. 19, 1895 (received April 5).—The Odonata of Baja California, Mexico, P. P. Calvert; 3 pls.
32. BULLETIN 109. New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station. Rutgers College [New Brunswick, ] N. J., Feb. 28, 1895.—Cut worms, The sinuate pear borer, The potato stalk-borer, Bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide, J. B. Smith, figs.
33. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, xxxix, 3. Brussels, March 30, 1895.—List of Trixagide, Monommide, Euc- nemidz and Elateridz, imported in tobacco and collected by M. Ant. Grouvelle, E. Fletiaux.
34. JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, iii, 1, March, 1895 (received April 8, 1895.—Notes on the Pseudoscorpionida, N. Banks. New North American Tettigine, A. P. Morse. A combina- tion of two classifications of Lepidoptera, H. G. Dyar. Life-history of Heterocampa obliqua Pack., A. S. Packard, 1 pl. A clew to the origin of the Geometrid moths, id. Domed burrows of Cicada septendecim, B. Lander. The Odonata of New York State, P. P. Calvert.
35. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAzINE. London, April, 1895.—Coccids preyed upon by birds, R. Newstead. Are the antennz of the pupa free in the family Tineide?, T. A. Chapman. The genera Cryptohypnus and Hypnoidus, G. C. Champion.
36. DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, 1895, 1. Berlin, Feb- ruary, 1895.--Response to Verhoeff’s reply on the copulatory apparatus of male Coleoptera, J. Weise. Two new Cryptocephaline genera, id. On the copulatory apparatus of male Coleoptera, C. Verhoeff, 3 figs.
a
e; . 16 1985.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3
* 37. A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF INSECTS by John Henry Comstock, Professor of Entomology in Cornell University and in Leland Stanford Junior University, and Anna Botsford Comstock, Member of the Society of American Wood-engravers. Ithaca, N. Y. Comstock Publishing Company, 1895, pp. xi, 701; 797 figures in the text, six plates (plate i, the frontispiece, colored). 8 vo.
_ The appearance of a work of this size and kind by an author of repu- tation is always an important event. Those who knew not of the intended publication of the present volume were probably surprised, as we were, to find that Prof. Comstock has here given us an entirely new book, and not a continuation of his favorably known “‘ Introduction to Entomology” of 1888. The new Manual is designed for more elementary students than the Introduction. The latter, as far as published, embraced 252 pages, of which 52 are occupied with the general characteristics of insects, 9 with the Thysanura, 25 with Pseudoneuroptera, 36 with Orthoptera, 5 with Physopoda, 90 with Hemiptera, 17 with Neuroptera. In the Manual the number of pages devoted to the same subjects are respectively 34, 4, 16, 7, 2, 54, 16. In the Manual we have also a chapter on zoological, classification and nomenclature of 8 pages, and one of 39 pages on the relatives of Insects, that is, the “other Arthropods. Another feature of the book in which it differs from the Introduction is the recognition of nineteen orders of insects, due mainly to the division of the Pseudoneu- roptera and Neuroptera. The groups not treated of in the Introduction are the higher orders; here the Lepidoptera occupy 222 pages, the Diptera 77, the Siphonaptera 4, the Coleoptera 105, the Hymenoptera 8o.
The aim of the Manual is stated in.the preface to be that of meeting a pressing demand of teachers and learners in entomology ‘‘for a hand- book by means of which the names and relative affinities of insects may be determined in some such way as plants are classified by the aid of the well-known manuals of botany.” Analytical keys, therefore, occupy a prominent place, although for obvious reasons it is not pretended to ex- tend them farther than families. As may be seen from the figures given above, those orders of insects of economic importance receive, and re- ceive intentionally, a larger share of attention, the best known species in these groups being frequently described and figured. The book is very fully illustrated, and most of the figures, especially in the latter part (see the preface), are satisfactory. Such abundant illustration is a prime requi- site in a handbook of this kind. A rather unfamiliar feature in entomo- logical text-books is the indications for pronunciation which follow the technical names. Most of the species and groups mentioned are also provided with English names.
_ Altogether, without discussing any of the more technical questions con- cerned, we are pleased with the Manual, and recommend it to those for
whom it is intended, and to those who desire a brief illustrated hand- book of our common insects.
164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May,
INDEX TO THE PREUVEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT.
Fyles 2, Robertson 3, Scudder 6, Wasmann 7, Tutt 9, Grote 9, Escherich 10, Metzger and Miiller 12, Howard 19*, 20, Hubbard 20, Gallardo 22, Burrows 9, Andersson g, Prideaux 9, Rennie 29, Dale 30, Standfuss 30, Sharp 30, Smith 32, Comstock 37.
MYRIAPODA. Cook 8.
ARACHNIDA.
Moniez 5, Peckham 15*, Howard 19, Cambridge 21, Canestrini 7, Nich- olson 24, Kraepelin 25, Hancock 26*, Banks 29*, 34*.
ORTHOPTERA. Howard 20, Morse 34*. NEUROPTERA. Perez 1, Calvert 31*, 34. 4 HEMIPTERA.
Targioni-Tozzetti 4, Peytoureau 5, Mordwilko 7, Fowler. 17%, Orborn 19, Howard 20, Pergande 20, Ashmead 20, Love 23, Cockerell 26*, 30*, Lander 34, Newstead 35, Lethierry and Severin 28.
COLEOPTERA.
Peytoureau 5, Escherich 10, Acloque 13, Sharp 17*, 30, Champion 17*, 35, Schwarz 19 (two), Townsend 20, Chittenden 20 (two), Hubbard 20, Scheffer 20, Garbowski 30, Smith 32, Fletiaux 33*, Weise 36 (two), Ver- hoeff 36.
DIPTERA.
Ficalbi 4, Osten Sacken 18, Hopkins 19*, Ashmead 20, Coquillett 20*
(two), 29*, Anon. 20, Baker 29*, Girschner 27.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Peytoureau 5, Grote 9 (two), 29, Chapman g, 35, Metzger and Miiller 12, Hampson 16, Godman and Salvin 17, Bean 18, Soule 18, Hubbard 19, Schwarz 20, Ashmead 20, Anon. 20, Bean 29, Schaus 29, Fletcher 29, Lembert 29, Schneider 30, Standfuss 30, Butler 30, Smith 32, Dyar 34, Packard 34 (two).
HYMENOPTERA.
Emery 4*, Gribodo 4*, Bordas 11, Wasmann 14, Cameron 17*, Marlatt
19 (two), Pergande 19, Ashmead 19, Dale 30, Dalla Torre and Friese 27.
1895. | - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165
Doings of Societies.
APRIL g, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1509 S. 13th St. Members present: Messrs. Bland, Fox, Trescher, E. Wenzel, Hoyer, Dr. Castle, Johnson, Boerner. H. W. Wenzel and Schmitz Honorary members: Drs. John B.
‘Smith, Geo. H. Horn and Henry Skinner. Meeting called to order at
8.50 P.M., president Bland presiding. The president, in a brief address, officially announced the death of our late member and ex-vice-president, C. Ernst Seeber, who died on March 28th, after a short illness, from pneumonia, stating that, in consequence, the regular business of the Social tor the evening would be suspended. It was moved and seconded that Mr H.W. Wenzel be authorized to procure a photograph of Mr. Seeber for the Social. On motion of Prof. Smith a committee of three was appointed as follows: Mr. H. W. Wenzel, Dr. D. M. Castle and Wm. J. Fox, to draft suitable resolutions in memory of our late fellow-member, a copy of the same to be forwarded to the family of the deceased. Mr. Boerner stated that the family of Mr. Seeber desired, through him, to ex- tend their thanks to the members of the Social for the respect they had shown for the departed, and their attendance at the funeral. The presi- dent stated, in conclusion, that out of respect to the memory of the late member, the adjournment to the annex would be omitted, and therefore declared the meeting finally adjourned.—TueEo. H. Scumitz, Secrefary.
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SocieTy.—The monthly meeting was held in the Art Rooms, Montague Street, Brooklyn, Tuesday evening, April 2nd, ten members present; five new members were elected. After routine business Prof. J. B. Smith read a paper upon “‘ Variation in Insects.”’ He exhibited, and commented upon, a series of Noctuids show- ing very great variation in color and ornamentation, and took strong ground against giving names to any variations unless these were geograph- ical and to the exclusion of other forms, thus following the ornithologist’s code. He also observed that each species must be judged by itself, for one might vary decidedly, and yet the same variation in the same genus might cover a number of good species as shown by structural differences. A general discussion followed, and the unanimous opinion seemed to be that it is very useful, if not necessary, to have names for marked varia- tions, whether geographical or not, especially if they exist commonly,
The officers of the Society now are:
President, Prof. J. B. SMITH. Vice-President, Epw. L. GRAEF. Secretary, Gro. D. HuLsrt. Corresponding Secretary, A. C. WEEKs. Treasurer, C. H. ROBERTs.
Librarian, Dr. R. OTTOLENGUI. Curator, H. MEESKE.
The meetings are on the first Tuesday of each month in the Art Build- ing, Montague Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
a
166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, ; PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
FEBRUARY 28, 1895.
A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, director, presiding. Dr. Horn mentioned various species of Scymnus. The differences in the secon- dary sexual characters were pointed out and described in both sexes and illustrated by drawings on the black-board.
Meeting held March 28th.—Dr. Horn, director, presiding. Mr. Johnson, on behalf of Prof. Aldrich, presented to the American Entomological Suciety, specimens of seven species of Dolichopidz, two of which were represented by type specimens. Mr. Johnson presented a type of a new species of Odontomyia. Mr. Johnson said, that in the preparation of certain illustrations of Diptera he had prepared, he had experimented somewhat in making the plates. The specimens were photographed and the figures “ touched-up’”’ with China-white and India-ink, in order to
strengthen the light and dark spots. Good results had accrued from this —
process, as was indicated by two half-tone plates exhibited. Mr. Laurent reported the capture of a specimen of Tenebriodes bimaculatus at German- town. He announced to the Section the death of Mr. C, E. Seeber. The deaths of Drs. Ruschenberger and Ryder, members of the Academy were announced by the director, who reviewed the early work of the former, principally the issuing of a science primer, which the speaker had known to be the direct means of interesting more than one person in the study of natural history; in fact, gave the speaker his first insight into Ento- mology. Dr. Ryder’s work in Biology was also praised. Mr. Frank Haimbach was unanimously elected a member of the Section. A fine crayon portrait of the late John L. LeConte, recently acquired by the American Entomological Society, was exhibited to the members.—Wm. Fox, Recorder pro. tem.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
TWO NEW AFRICAN LYCANIDS. By W. J. Hotvanp, Ph.D., F. Z.S., F. ED S.pete Chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania, MIMACRZEA, Butl.
M. neurata sp. nov. ¢'.—Allied to IZ. charmian Kirby and Smith. The primaries and secondaries are narrower than in JZ. charmian. The inner margin of the primaries is straight. The primaries are dark brown with a narrow band of Orange-red, composed of four spots located beyond the
1895. ] © ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. eee Ur,
end of the cell somewhat more than half-way from the base to the apex. Of these spots, the uppermost is minute; the two next succeeding it inwardly are quadrate ; and the fourth located between veins four and five is subtriangular, produced beyond the others externally, and retracted toward the cell. Below this band toward the inner margin is a broad sub- triangular patch of orange-red, bounded above by the lower edge of the cell, and reaching to the inner margin. This light colored area is sub- divided by the blackish veins. The secondaries are fuscous on the costa with the outer half-broadly fuscous, the inner half orange-red. The veins are blackish. On the underside, the primaries have the costa, the cell, and the part immediately adjacent thereto about the origin of the nervules blackish. At the end of the cell, there is a deep black spot, surrounded by a paler brownish cloud. The yellow markings on the upper surface reappear upon the lowerside, but are paler and less distinctly defined. The outer third is gray with the nervules whitish. On the interspaces upon the nervules; there are two whitish lines, which, running inwardly from the margin, converge at the outer margin of the orange-red and tri- angular inner tract. The secondaries have the outer third marked in the same way as the primaries. There is a pale creamy-yellow median bend running from near the costa to the inner margin, widening toward the inner margin, and obscurely defined both inwardly and outwardly. The basal third is pale Mars-red, marked with black spots, one at the base, one on the middle, and another at the end of the cell, and a fourth just beyond the end of the cell. Above the cell are two black spots and below the cell at either side of the origin of vein three are two smaller spots. On interval tb are two geminate spots, the first below the spot in the middle of the cell, the two together forming a series with the two spots lying at the origin of vein three. There are a few indistinct, blackish markings near the costa on the inner side of the pale median band. The head, collar and thorax are black above and below, spotted with white. The abdomen is ochreous above and below touched with blackish on the upperside on the median line near the prothorax. Expanse 60 mm. Hab.—Liberia (Good). This very distinct species may be dis- tinguished at a glance from all others in the genus. I have named it zeurata on account of the characteristic manner in which the
bright tracts on the upper surface are divided by the black veins.
TERIOMIMA Kirby.
T. galenides sp. nov. §‘.—The anterior wings are quite black with a small orange spot on the cell. Beyond the cell near the costa are two larger spots, one above each other, of which the one nearest the costa is the smaller, and the lower one is produced outwardly. There are three orange spots located on the disc in immediate contact with each other ; the middle spot located between veins two and three is oblong, longitu- dal; the two other spots are small and transverse. The three form a figure resembling the plus mark, +. There is an orange spot near the
168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
inner margin, half-way from the base; the secondanes are black, like the primaries, and are traversed from just before the outer angle by a broad orange band, which diminishes regularly to the inner margin, on which it terminates ; the fringes are narrowly white interrupted with blackish. On the underside the primaries are dark fuscous, with the inner margin obscure stramineous ; the spots of the upperside reappear, and, in addi- tion, there are a number of minute yellowish spots upon the costal and outer margins, and two or three sabapical spots; there are also some small spots upon the cell, both before and behind the central orange spot, which appears upon the upper surface. The ground color of the secondaries is as that of the primaries ; the broad orange band of the upper surface is reduced and does not extend to the inner margin, as on the upperside, and is much indented externally; there are nine or ten small orange spots on the basal third, a relatively large orange spot on the costa near the middle, and a marginal and anal series of yellow spots of varying size, those of the marginal series, near the outer angle being the largest. The fringes on the underside are narrowly white, broadly interrupted with blackish at the end of the nervules. The antenne are black annulated with white on the lowerside. The upperside of the body is black, the lowerside fuscous. The legs are black, with the tarsi annulated with whitish. Expanse 27 mm.
Hab.—Bulé Country, Cameroons (Good). I have named this curiously marked species, which is totally unlike any other in the genus, because of its somewhat mimetic likeness to the Hes- peridze of the Galenus group. The only species which at all resembles it is 7. adelgunda Kirby. The type is unique.
ray Vv
ON THE LARVA OF HYDROCHARIS OBTUSATUS AND SILPHA SURINAMENSIS.
By H. F. WickHam, Iowa City, Iowa.
The larvz of the two above-mentioned species were obtained during a Summer trip to Bayfield, Wis., on the shores of Lake Superior. As neither are fully described as yet, notes and figures
are appended.
Hydrocharis obtusatus Say, fig. 1.—Color of larva, above greenish, head and prothorax chestnut, beneath lighter. form moderately elongate, not very convex, broadest at about the middle of the abdomen. Length of full-grown living specimen, 28 mm.
Head narrower than the prothorax, sides rounded, more strongly near the base, front impressed each side, elevated at middle, these elevations and impressions extending also to the vertex, occiput with two triangular impressions at the base. Frontal margin obtusely lobed at middle.
PISVE
Ent. News, Vol. VI.
See page 168.
(Wickham).
COLEOPTEROUS LARVA
re
1895.] — ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169
Underside of head smooth and shining, with two fovez at the base of the mentum, and, immediately posterior to these, a somewhat reniform im- pression. There are also four large mottled lanceolate figures extending from the base for more than one-half of the entire length. The plane of the head is oblique to that of the prothorax. Eyes consist of six somewhat elongate ocelli on each side of the head. Antennz situated behind the
‘base of the mandibles, on the front, 3-jointed, the basal joint very long,
bristly internally, the second and third much shorter and more slender, approximately equaling each other in length. Mandibles curved furnished with a very strong internal distal tooth and a much smaller proximal one. Maxillz with a very long basal joint swollen at each end, second joint shorter and with an internal distal appendix, third joint again shorter,
fourth not quite equal to the second, but about the same as the fifth.
There are no bristles whatever to be seen, even under high powers. Men- tum irregularly hexagonal, the apex with two distinct lateral teeth, sides with smaller serrations ; palpiger elongate, broader near the tip, palpi two-jointed the second joint much the longer. Prothorax narrower at apex which is truncate, base rounded, sides narrowly margined, a trans- verse impressed line at apex, another (obsolete at middle) at the base, disc shining, surface unequal. Beneath, the sternal piece, anterior to the coxz, is more perfectly chitinized and smocther than the remainder of the under surface. Mesothorax shorter than the prothorax and wider, roughly shagreened, not shining, two triangular smooth spaces at base, each with a large fovea. Spiracle on the ventral surface near the ante- rior angles. Metathorax similar in shape, shagreened, without the smooth triangular areas or spiracles. Abdominal rings resembling in dorsal aspect the metathorax; there are two dorso-lateral rows of blunt spines on each side and a row of lateral filamentary appendages, each tipped with two bristles, the last segment is corneous at tip and distinctly toothed or serrate. Legs with conical cox, which are as long as the femora, tro- chanters well marked by sutures; tibiz shorter than the femora, claws long, slightly curved and provided with a strong spine near the middle of the length.
From the larve of 7ropisternus glaber, which I have elsewhere* described the present species, differs in its greater size truncated thorax, shape of mentum and spined claw, besides in other minor characters. The specimens were found on the margins of muddy ponds and form cells in the damp ground by squirming motions of the body. In this cell they remain for some days before attaining the pupa state, which lasts six or seven days. One of mine pupated on the 16th of July, and the beetle appeared on the 16th. The pupa is sixteen mm. in length, clear greenish in color, becoming brownish about the head and limbs as matu-
* Bull, Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. of Iowa, II, p. 338.
170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
rity approaches. The figure will obviate the necessity for a long description, the striking points, to which attention should be directed, being found in the long palpi, the strong bristles and the appendages of the terminal abdominal segment.
Silpha surinamensis Fabr. fig. 2—Color of larva nearly black above, a light yellowish dorsal line, interrupted at the posterior margin of each segment, extending almost the entire length ; the sides of the thorax and abdomen are also bordered with the same color. Beneath yellowish with a few brown markings. The form is elongate, tapering behind, moder- ately convex, last abdominal segment with two straight appendages. _ Length, im spirits, t9 mm. Head broader at base, sides rounded, front sinuate laterally and emarginate at middle, surface of head rough with large punctures and unequally impressed. Eyes six on each side of the head, a group of four being situated on the dorso-lateral surface behind each of the anntennz and very close to the thoracic margin, the other pair is on the ventro-lateral surface somewhat anterior to the group men- tioned. They are of fairly largesize. Antenne inserted near the sides of the head, immediately anterior to the large group of eyes, the basal joint (?) or support of scarcely appreciable length, the others of good size, somewhat bristly and decreasing in length and thickness to the last, which is tipped with a short spine and a few very minute aciculi. Mandibles moderately strong, sinuate on the outer edge, apex acute, internal edge with a tooth near the tip and sinuate. Maxillz with a broad inner lobe, the inner margin with a series of ten articulated spines on the apical half and a brush of bristles near the base, tip with a much larger brush of bristles which extend also for some distance down the outer margin. This margin is armed with two long stout bristles. Palpus four-jointed, borne on a swollen base, the first joint short and thick, the three following more elongate and subequal in length among themselves, the last being, however, more slender and bearing a few aciculi at apex. Mentum some- what obcordate in form, broader before the free end which is sinuate at sides and deeply emarginate at middle, the palpi heavy, two-jointed, the basal joint much the larger, the apical with a few aciculi at tip. The body of the mentum is furnished with short bristles distributed-in close array over a pattern shown in the figure. Prothorax broader towards the base, sides somewhat rounded and very slightly sinuate, apex less rounded, angles not marked, side margined, disc with a fine longitudinal median line, surface irregularly rugose. Meso- and metathorax shorter, sides rounded anteriorly and with a subangulation behind the middle, surface finely transversely rugose. Abdomen with fine grayish or whitish hairs on the dorsum and composed of nine true segments and a proleg. The first eight segments have a well-marked thin margin, which is rounded anteriorly and acute posteriorly; on the ninth segment this margin is less evident, though present. These marginal pieces are all finely bristled externally and more coarsely at the posterior angles. The appendages which are borne on the ninth segment are straight, two-jointed and spiny,
= _ = ae
; 171 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7
the first joint long but heavy, the second short and more slender, tipped with a long bristle. Legs stout, the coxz prominent, trochanters sepa- rated from femora by a distinct suture, tibize tapering to tip, claws slightly curved and with a strong spine before the middle. Spiracles in nine pairs, the first situated under the posterior prothoracic angles the re- mainder in segments 1-8 of the abdomen, gradually receding from the anterior ventral inargins as we proceed backwards.
This larva differs in many important particulars from that of Silpha ramosa which Mr. C. F. Gisslar has described in the ‘© American Entomologist.’’ Vol. iii, pp. 265-267, In S. surz- namensis the third antennal joint shorter than the first while in S rvamosa it is much longer. In surinamensis the mandible has a tooth internally, the first joint of the labial palpi is the larger and the claws have a single spine on the lower surface, while in ramosa the mandible is without molars, the joints of the labial palpi are of equal length and the claws are said to have two spines at middle. The pygidial appendages are also different. A full knowledge of the larve of our American Silphz is much to be desired, as likely to throw light on the real value of the divisions proposed in the genus as now understood in this country. Two of these larve were obtained on the 20th of June, one of them in its cell beneath an old log, ready for pupation, the other crawling on moss. The first-mentioned specimen disclosed the beetle on the 3rd of July. The pupa is very sensitive to touch and wriggles vigorously at the least disturbance. It is remarkable for the serrate thoracic margin, the prominent hind legs and slender abdomen with its long lateral bristles and crooked terminal appendages. The length is 18 mm., the color white.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Fig. 1.—Aydrocharis obtusatus Say, larva: ~. pupa; a, antenna; JZ, leg; md, mandible; mz, mentum; 2x, maxilla; 4, head, under surface.
Fig. 2.—Si/pha surinamensis Fabr., larva: ad, ninth abdominal seg- ment with appendages (under pressure). The other lettering is the same as in fig. 1.
Tue larve of 7enebrio molitor, commonly called Meal-worms, which are found in carious wood, are bred by bird fanciers to feed nightingales, and constitute the only bait by which these shy birds can be taken ; a fact the more curious when it is considered that the nightingale, in a state of nature, can seldom or never see these larvze. They are also used to feed chameleons which are exhibited.— Cuvier Anim. Kingd. Ins. i, 569.
172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
OBITUARY.
OLIVER JACOB STALEY, of Marshall, Saline County, Mo., died July 6, 1894, while on a collecting trip near home. His body was found by searching parties in a creek, face downward. A sultry day induced him to take a bath, with fatal result. Mr. Staley was born in Princetown, Schenectady County, N. Y., and removed with his parents to Marshall, Mo., thirteen years ago. He practiced law for about four years, and was in the twenty-fifth year of his age. He was a member of the Y. M. C. A. and was much respected by everybody. He published ‘‘A List of the Butterflies found at Marshall, Missouri, and Vicinity.’’ From childhood up he had a fondness for Lepidoptera, but his active work occupied the last six years of his life (the death of Mr. Staley was mentioned in the © News, vol. v, p. 236).
CHARLES W. STROMBERG died at his home in Galesburg, IIl., on March 26 (1895), after a lingering illness of consumption. Mr. Stromberg went to to Phoenix, Ariz., over a year ago, with the hope that he would recover his health. He returned last Fall, the change not having benefited him to the
extent expected. Mr. Stromberg was born in Sweden, in 1856, and came
with his parents to this country twenty-nine years ago. From boyhood he was devoted to scientific studies, and of late years Entomology has been his favorite study, and he had obtained recognition as an excellent student in that branch of natural history. He had-amassed a fine collection of the insects of his State; his collection of Coleoptera being especially com- plete. Mr. Stromberg was quiet and reserved, and gentlemanly in dis- position, and was naturally refined in his tastes. He will be greatly missed by his entomological associates and correspondents.
C. Ernest SEEBER, aged sixty-one, died March 28, 1895. He was a well-known Philadelphia entomologist, and one of the early members of the American Entomological Society, and was lately vice-president of the Feldman Collecting Social.
PAuSANIAS tells us, that in the temple of Parthenon there was a brazen statue of Apollo, by the hand of Phidias, which was called Parnopius, out of gratitude for that god having once banished from that country the Locusts, which greatly injured the land. The same author asserts that he himself has known the Locusts to have been thrice destroyed by Apollo in the Mountain Lipylus, once exterminating them by a violent wind ; at another time by vehement heat ; and the third time by unexpected cold. Cowan’s Curious Facts.
ENTOMOLOGICAL News for April, was mailed March 29, 1895.
VOL. VI. No. 6.
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VOL. VI. JUNE, 1895. No. 6. ee CONTENTS: Baker—Biological Notes, etc........:.. 173. | Economic Entomology..............-. 188 Slingerland—Magnolia Blossom Tor- Notes and NewS o.:..00.ccsccstecceccces 190 DEE Seer Eis ep Clsms sudan ce os cxdask 175 | Entomological Literature ............. IgI Fall—On Cicindela formosa and C. Doings of Societies... 22. ccecesscccwsvs 195 MUMMERS ERS 5 c5'h oso os «soba erce cae 176 | Entomological Section...........0..20 197 Hancock—Mite-larva parasitic on Tet- Davis—Two new species of Clistopyga 198 SNMUICIGIUSS «55.5 vecccceakesescee 180 | Dyar—Descriptions of the larvz of 3 Calvert—Preliminary notes, etc....... 181 BAW MieS acres trsdsc cece sees ccvsock 199 Lembert—Sawdust for steaming. ...., 182 | Cockerell—Noteon forms of Alypioides 200 Brendel—Pselaphidz.............-.-..- 183 | Baker—Two new Apanteles. .......... 201 Bland—After Coleoptera................ 185 | Duzee—Characters ofan. sp. of Thelia 203 Leucarctia rickseckeri........-2.-++-++ 186 | Banks—Some Missouri Spiders... .... 204 MMEOETEN ois eGciuko nv hcea sue 9068s aaneod 187 | Coquillett—Tach. Genus Heteropterina 207
BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON SOME COLORADO DIPTERA* By Cart F. BAKER, Fort Collins, Colo.
The Diptera mentioned in the following notes were determined either through Dr. Riley, or by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend.
Cecidomyia siligua Walsh.—Galls identical with those of this species brought from Michigan ; are common about Fort Collins on Salix amygdaloides..
Cecidomyia alticola Cockerell.—A gall was found at Fort Col- lins on Artemisia dracunculoides, which answers the description of the gall of this species (see The Entomologist, 1890, p. 281).
Subula pallipes Lw.—Large numbers of the larve of this species were obtained by Prof. Gillette, at Trinidad, under the bark of a fallen cottonwood log. The flies emerged 5-21 to 6-9. A description of the larva and pupa has been published by Mr. Townsend.
Argyra meba edipus Fab.—Reared from nests of several species of Odynerus at Fort Collins. In the larval stage it is a true external parasite. Flies emerged 5-3 to 6-12.
_ Eristalis hirtus Lw.—Reared from maggots found in ooze
* From the seventh bi-monthly report of the Say Memorial Chapter of the A. A.
6
174 _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
about the mouth of a drain at Fort Collins. Flies emerged from 4-11 to 5-3. ;
Jurinia apicifera W\k.—This is one of many parasites which help to reduce the numbers of C/istocampa fragilis, the larvee of which are so enormously abundant on quaking ash and Cerco- carpa in various parts of Colorado. From material brought from Georgetown, by Prof. Gillette, numerous flies emerged from 7-30 to 8-2.
Masicera eufitchie Twns.—A common parasite on Tham- nonoma flavicaria and TJ. 4-linearia at Fort Collins. Flies emerged 7-15 and after.
flyphantrophaga hyphantrieé Twns.—A single specimen was
reared from Vanessa milberti at Fort Collins, the fly emerging —
7-19.
Tachina clisiocampe Twns.—Reared from Ciisiocampa fragilis with Jurinia apicifera. Flies emerged from 7-24 to 8-4.
Cyrtoneura stabulans Fab.—At Fort Collins in squash roots rotting from the attacks of Azasa fristis; maggots of this fly were foundinabundance. Puparia taken from the earth adjoining the roots gave flies from 7-29 to 8-23.
Oestrus ovis L.—A number of sheep on the college farm died last year from the attacks of this fly. After death occurred, blood and mucous oozed from the nasal cavities and softened the ad- joining earth, otherwise the maggots would have been unable to bore down. Maggots taken from the blood moistened earth and placed in a breeding cage, gave flies about six weeks after.
Trypeta canadensis Lw.—A very common gooseberry pest in the vicinity of Fort Collins. Infested berries were gathered during the Fall, the maggots passing from them into the earth. The next Spring numerous flies emerged on 4-30.
Trypeta bigelovit Cockerell.—Galls were found abundant on Bigelovia, at Dolores, by Prof. Gillette. Flies emerged 6-29.
Trypeta solidaginis Fitch.—The galls of this fly are very com- mon on Solidago canadensis in the vicinity of Fort Collins. Flies emerged from 5-7 to 5-23. Asingle Eurytoma gigantea Walsh (determined by Mr. Ashmead) was also obtained from the galls.
The above are a few out of a considerable number of flies reared in Colorado, for the greater part of which it has been impossible to obtain names.
/
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1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ~ 175
THE MAGNOLIA-BLOSSOM TORTRICID. Cacecia magnoliana Fernald. By M. V. SLINGERLAND, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. In June, 1891, Prof. W. W. Rowlee, of the Botanical Depart-
_ ment, discovered that many of the blossoms on a, cucumber-tree
(Magnolia acuminata) not far from the campus were being de- stroyed by a caterpillar ; he had previously observed that this tree seldom fruited fully. Several of the infested blossoms were brought to the insectary, placed in cages, and the adult insect reared. Dr. Fernald decided that it was a new species, and he soon described the moth (See “‘ Canadian Entomologist,’’ xxiv, p. 122). The half-tone illustration of the moth here given (natural size) will facilitate the determination of the species from Dr. Fernald’s careful description.
The caterpillars fed ravenously for several days after they were put in the cages. They attacked all parts of the flower, but more especially the petals, which they bored through and through as shown by the holes in the blossom (natural size) in the illustration. The large thick petals were tied together by numerous silken cords and the caterpillars reveled within; usually from one to three worms occupied a blossom.
By June 8, most of the caterpillars had become full grown. They were then of a light semi-transparent green color, lighter on the venter. Length, 20 mm. Head, consider-
-ably narrower than the body and light brown in color with black spots caudad of the black eye-spots.
Thoracic shield greenish black, darker on the sides. Two black spots occur on the sides of the first thoracic segment between the shield and the blackish legs. The other four true legs and the five pairs of pro-legs are nearly like the body in color. The body is sparsely clothed with long whitish hairs arising from slight whitish elevations. The head
176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
and thoracic shield of a smaller specimen were of a dark brownish black color.
One larva pupated in a thin white silken cocoon attached to one of the petals; this is probably the normal place of pupation. Other larve pupated on the glass sides of the cage, or on the muslin cover. All had pupated by June to.
When first formed the pupz are of a light green color. They gradually change to a dark brown color, lighter on the venter. Length, 14 mm. Two transverse rows of minute spines project caudad on the dorsum of each abdominal segment. The body is sparsely clothed with long white hairs arranged similar to those on the larve. The pupa firmly attaches itself to the cocoon by eight strong hooklets, two arising from each side of the long narrow cremaster and four from its end. The pupal stage lasts from ten to fifteen days.
Most of the moths had appeared by June 22; none emerged ~ after-June 25. Probably eggs are soon laid, and the young larvee work on the leaves, perhaps becoming half grown by Fall, when they go into hibernation in inconspicuous hibernacula on the branches near the blossom buds. But, possibly the moths hiber- nate and lay their eggs on the blossom buds in the Spring ; or, perhaps the insect passes the Winter in the egg.
Hundreds of Magnolia blossoms were destroyed by this Tor- tricid in 1891. No observations have since been made on its habits and life-history. Upon receipt of my bred specimens of the moths, Dr. Fernald wrote that he had then sees the insect in his collection for nearly fifteen years.
On Cicindela formosa and C. venusta, with remarks on some sexual characters of the genus. By H. C. FALL.
Among a small lot of Coleoptera recently received from Mr. W. Knaus, of McPherson, Kans., were several examples each of the two beautiful tiger beetles Cicindela formosa and its so- called variety venusta. On placing the fresh specimens in my cabinet and surveying -the two series, the difference in facies - struck me as being something unusual, even in this genus of variable species. A subsequent somewhat careful investigation
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 177
leads me to believe that we really have to do with two entirely distinct species. In his synopsis of the Cicindelide, Schaupp merely says, in speaking of venusta; ‘‘ differs (from formosa) in being more slender and convex.’’ In the table of species the middle band is mentioned as being more perpendicular and the size is given for formosa 17-18 mm., for venusta 13-15 mm.
Here, then, we have noted a difference in form, size and markings; let us consider their value as indicating specific dis- tinction. The latter is certainly of least importance, and of itself would signify nothing; it may then be dismissed with the remark that in all the specimens examined there is a small, yet constant difference in this respect. Size also is usually of little or no consequence, and yet among all our varieties of Cicindela there © are nowhere-else any appreciable variations of size within specific limits, with the single exception of dorsadts and its variety saudcy2, and these are almost perfectly connected by media. The dif- ference in form seems to me of more importance, and indeed has no parallel among our species. Formosa is not only always larger, it is also invariable stouter than venusfa. A careful measurement shows that the average ratio of length to width of elytra is in formosa 100-6634, and in venusta 100-60. The adja- cent extremes are well separated, in fact there seems to be very little variation in either case from the above averages. While, then, we might not safely lay much stress on either of the above differences by itself, their invariable association adds greatly to the significance of each, and forms a mass of presumtive evidence, which, in the absence of any positive proof to the contrary, would ordinarily be considered conclusive. Fortunately, how- ever, we need not stophere. Inthe form of the labrum we have another means of separation. In venusta this organ is more strongly produced in front and more feebly todthéd. The dif- ference is entirely independent of sex, and while not very great, the practiced eye could accurately place every specimen by an examination of it alone.
Finally, in the emargination of the sixth ventral of the male we have a character of the greatest importance. Every student recognizes the exceptional value of secondary sexual characters —their invariability rendering them when present of the utmost service in separating closely allied species. In the males of Sormosa and generosa the sixth ventral is broadly, feebly, trian-
178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
gularly emarginate, while in venusfa the emargination is deeper and narrowly oval.
Since formosa and venusta inhabit the same region, and haye in fact for several years been taken together by Mr. Knaus, it is reasonable to suppose that if they are merely varieties of one species, intermediate forms would occasionally occur. A letter of inquiry addressed to Mr. Knaus concerning this and some other points, brings an interesting reply, a part of which I quote below.
‘‘T have quite a large series of duplicates of both formosa and venusta and there is no trouble in separating them. Formosa is uniformly more robust—there is quite a variation in the width of the markings, but the middle band is always shorter and less bent downward than in vexusta. The humeral lunule in venusta is also invariably less bent and extends further back than in formosa, sometimes almost uniting at the tip with the middle band. I have never seen the two zm coitu, but have frequently thus taken venusta. Formosa is stronger in flight, and, if any- thing, more wary than venusta. I have really no evidence that formosa and venusta intergrade. I have been inclined to the belief for some time that they were distinct species.’’
The above remarks are certainly confirmatory of my conclu- sions, and I would only say in dismissing the subject that if any one possesses examples which can fairly be considered inter- mediate, or any facts which indicate specific identity, I would hold it a personal favor to be informed of. them.
Having in the foregoing investigation been incidentally led to make some comparative study of secondary sexual characters, I am prompted to add one or two remarks in this connection. The male characters which have been given as common to all the species of the genus are ‘‘ Three joints of anterior tarsi dilated with short silken pubescence beneath, sixth ventral segment broadly emarginate, middle tibize pubescent on the outer side— (except pilatez and dbelfragez).’’ The degree of emargination of the sixth ventral, while practically constant within specific limits, varies greatly in different species. It appears to reach its greatest development in circumpicta and togata, where it extends nearly two thirds the length of the segment, and from this ex- treme it gradually decreases, until in cuprascens, puritana and
macra, it becomes exceedingly feeble, or entirely Wanting. In
eee
1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 179
hirticollis, repanda and its varieties, and less conspicuously in limbata, the emargination lies not upon the median line of the body, but noticeably to the left. A somewhat similar sexual asymmetrical modification of the last ventral has been recorded in the Pselaphide genus Sonoma (Faronus), and in the Staphy-. linide genus Pa/aminus, but so far as 1 know the peculiarity is common to all species of these genera. It therefore seems very remarkable that so aberrant a structure should affect this small number of species in the very midst—as it were—of a homo- geneous genus.
The last of three above named sexual characters—males with the intermediate tibiz externally pubescent—females glabrous, I can not all appreciate. The difference seems to me to be merely comparative, at least I have not yet found a specimen which does not show this pubescence, and while it is usually more conspicuous in the males, in not a few cases the difference is so slight as to be barely perceptible.
A character which in very many species possesses a positive value, and to which I do not remember to have seen any allusion, exists in the extent of the pubescence which clothes the sides of the abdominal segments. In the males of most species the pubes- cence is always of nearly equal density on all the segments, while in the females the last segment is either entirely glabrous, or with at most a few hairs at the base. Dorsalis, puritana, lepida, gabbii, togata, scutellaris, tenutsignata and sigmoidea among others well illustrate this point. In some species (rect7- latera, circumpicta) the pubescence ends abruptly with the fourth segment, and occasionally (vulgaris, abdominalis) the last three segments are unclothed. It is worthy of mention that the females of the western varieties of repanda (oregona and guttifera) apa lack the pubescence at the sides of the abdominal segments ; least this is true in the fairly good series which I “ ageme me will, I suspect, prove characteristic.
In the Deutsche Ent. Zeits. 1895, p. 58, Mr. J. Weise suggests the new generic name Faédricianus for our Cryptocephalus auratus. In 1880 (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. viii, p. 196), Dr LeConte suggests the name Diachus for the same species and six others. In the Biologia i, p. 149, Mr. Bates describes a Bembidium lucidum as a new species. The same was de- scribed by Dr. LeConte under the same name in 1848, Ann. Lyc. iv, p. 466.—G. H. Horn.
180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; [ June,
A MITE-LARVA PARASITIC ON TETTIX GRANULATUS. By JosEpH L. HANCOCK.
An interesting and as yet unidentified microscopical larva of a mite that I discovered on the pronotum of a small locust, Te#tix granulatus, is here presented.* The accompanying drawings, Plate viii, figs. 1 and 2, illustrate this better than a word description, though some of thecharacters are especially noteworthy. Descrip- tion—Hexapodal larva, length of body (to end of rostrum.) 18 mm. width .25 mm.; yellowish with blackish hairs. Abdomen oblong, clothed above with numerous short feathery hairs distributed below and above as shown in figs. 1 and 2 of Plate. The head is flattened, pyramidal, produced into a blunt pointed rostrum, the latter curved downwards and slightly dilated toward the end. A slender hair is inserted on the underside of the rostrum near the tip, on each side, a short distance from the middle line. The palpi are strong, thickened at the base, two-jointed, with an extra thumb process at the end, which is armed with two curved claws and a few short, stiff hairs, on the outerside of the thumb and the two main joints of palpi a single feathered hair grows from each, the one on the first joint being long and particularly noticeable. The legs are long, rather slender, of nearly equal length, com- posed of six articles, the tarsus of each leg ending in a pair of delicate hooks. Realizing the burden ‘to science that a multi- plying of scientific names incurs I have refrained from suggesting a name for this larva, as many have previously done when de- scribing undetermined larval forms of mites.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.---Ventral view of hexapodal larva, parasitic on 7ettia granulatus. Original, greatly enlarged. Fig. 2.—Dorsal view of same, correspondingly enlarged. Original.
ACANTHOCHALEIS NIGRICANS Cameron.—Yesterday (April 9), I was So fortunate as to capture a Q of this species at flowers of plum on the college farm, Las Cruces, New Mex. So far as I know, both genus and species are new to the U. S. fauna. The original specimen described by Cameron was from ‘“‘ Northern Sonora,” collected by Morrison.—T. D. A. COCKERELL, Las Cruces, N. Mex.
* The specimen of Zet#ix from which this mite was taken was collected by Prof. A. P. Morse, at Wellesley, Mass.
‘ogr a8ed 39g SNLVINNVYS XILLAL NO OILISVYVd VAYVI-ALIN V
PO YPO™HTP 7 Fig
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— Same s.
18g5. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 181
Preliminary Notes on the Youngest Larval Stage of some Odonata. By Puitip P. CALVERT.
Availing myself of the facilities afforded by the Biological School of the University of Pennsylvania, I have recently studied,
by means of sections and otherwise, the external and internal
structure of the larve of Gomphus exilis Selys and of Libellula pulchella Drury as it is immediately after hatching from the egg. The larvz were obtained by capturing the females while oviposit- ing, collecting the eggs in a tumbler of water and allowing them to remain undisturbed until hatched. The detailed results of these studies, it is hoped to publish later; a very brief summary
’ of some of them follows, and only such facts as are believed to
be new are mentioned.* It is my intention to eventually study the entire embryonic development of these insects.
In both species studied, the divisions of the alimentary canal, fore-, mid- and hind-gut, occupy relatively different positions from those of the old nymph and imago, in that the fore-gut ex- tends only as far as the second thoracic segment, the mid-gut from the third thoracic to the third or fourth abdominal, the hind-gut from the latter point to the apex of the abdomen. It follows, therefore, that during larval development the three parts of the alimentary canal undergo a shifting backwards, accompanied by a relatively great decrease in the length of the hind-gut and, cor- respondingly, a velatively great increase in that of the mid-gut. This is correlated with the great increase in the length of the middle abdominal segments at transformation, due to the neces- sity for a long rudder or steering-apparatus behind the wings for the preservation of equilibrium in flight. No similar shifting of the abdominal ganglia occurs.
In both species there are ¢hree, and only three,+ Malpighian tubules present, of approximately equal length (.3—.35 mm.), and three rectal glands. In ZL. pulchella , in front of the latter, are the beginnings of six rectal gills, but in G. exi/is, with a longer embryonic period (216 to 240 hours, as compared with 144 to
* A summary of the information then existing in regard to the structure of the youngest larvee of the Odonata is given by the present writer in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, pp. 195-6, October, 1893.
7 For a recent discussion of the Malpighian vessels of insects, see W. M. Wheeler, “ Psyche,’’ May to December, 1893.
182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
168 hours for ZL. pulchella) these structures have not yet begun —
to appear. The larve of G. exilis thus leave the egg ina less developed condition than do those of ZL. pulchella, as is also shown by the facts that food-yolk is still present in considerable quantity in the mid-gut of exz/is, whereas none is to be seen in any part of the body of pulchella, and that, as a probable result of the foregoing, the mid-gut epithelium of pulchella is much thicker than that of exz/zs.
Moreover, neither of these species show any trace of trachez, blood vessels or reproductive organs, although trachez are stated and figured by Packard* to occur in embryos of Diplax, whose age, however, is not given, and they exist in arve of Mesothemis simplicicollis at sixteen days after oviposition and possibly earlier.
The form of labium characteristic for the subfamily to which the species belongs, is already present in the youngest larve of
these two species, which also agree in possessing chitinous hairs -
on the dorsal side of the body, arranged in a bilaterally-symmet- rical manner.
It is with a sad satisfaction that I acknowledge the aid and advice given by the late Professor John A. Ryder during a con- siderable part of these studies.
nD VU
SAWDUST FOR STEAMING. By B. J. B. LEMBERT.
How I came to use it would be too long a story to tell, but give it, hoping others will be benefited, as much as I have been. Mr. Wm. H. Edwards kindly furnished me with a description of his method of steaming insects; it superseded the use of sand steaming with me, but was not quite the thing for the mid and high Sierras; it required too much watching, and the thorax of the insects offered too much resistance to the passage of the pins through them. One day I filled an open tin dish with dampened sawdust, buried my papers with butterflies in them, in the saw- dust, left them there forty-eight hours, and to my surprise the insects were pinned and spread with an ease I had never as yet experienced. I then tried to improve the. method. I procured a tin-box six inches broad, eight inches long and three inches
* Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi, pp. 365-372, 1868.
? Re: . L i ject ; 5 (suet ay 7 on pal a ee ee ee be Ek a ee
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 183
deep, put in a depth of two inches of dampened sawdust, and in this I buried my papers of insects and left them forty eight hours with like results. Again I buried two papers twenty-four hours and then took them out, placed them on the surface of the sawdust forty-eight hours longer, replaced the cover both times. With the last method a Syzeda moth became so limp that the wings laid over on my thumb and forefinger, the pin ran through body as if it were a jelly. Another plan I adopted was to fill a tin fruit-preserving can with sawdust, place a piece of tissue paper on the surface of the sawdust, take my insects out of the packets and place them on the tissue paper, then place an inverted tin can that will fit and cover the rimmed mouth of the can con- taining the sawdust. The vacuum in the top can holds the vapor and forces it to return to make its escape close to the insect, thus having a double action as it were. It is clear that there is an increased volume of vapor over sand and being held in bounds doubles its action and is possibly slightly acidulated, but this I will leave for science to deal with. Try it entomologists, there is room for improvement. For soft bodied moths and microlepi- doptera it works likea charm. Geometrids, Pyralids and smaller insects spread in from twelve to eighteen hours in the double can method, and with those that are left in longer, care must be taken in spreading to let the wings dry somewhat before putting on the bits of glass to keep them in place, as the wing may stick if too wet. This fact need hardly be stated to the experienced ento- mologist, but to those that are beginners caution is necessary. In using this method it will also be found that the antenne and bodies can be adjusted in any desirable position.
ral Vv
PSELAPHIDA.
By EmMiIL BRENDEL.
Bryaxis (Reichendachia) semirugosa n. sp. is a dark umber-brown Pselaphide with legs and antennz more dull reddish brown and 1.3 mm. long. Head, prothorax and abdomen polished impunctate, the elytra deeply and roughly variolate, the variole irregularly transversely, eyes small prominent; vertex quadrate with three large, equal confluent equidistant fovee; clypeus transverse as long as the rather long, bilobed labrum. Antenne about as long as the head and prothorax, the joints 3-7 oblong conical, the 8 smallest quadrate, 9 and ro slightly transverse, rapidly increasing in width, 11 large, obliquely pointed; prothorax very
184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
convex, wider than long, lateral fovea very large, the median one small, deep and circular. Elytra with the shoulders broad, rounded, the discal lines slightly impressed; first dorsal segment four times wider than long, border widely reflexed, the carinze sharp, divergent, short more than one- fifth of the segmental width apart, disc at the base each side deeply depressed.
Male and female, East Alleghanies, Jerome Schmitt. It ranges near RX. cribricollis.
In order to correct certain odd presumptions, I do here, for the last time, give the diagnoses of the following species :
R. gemmifer.—Pronotum with small, evenly distributed punc- tures, abdominal carinulz very close, hardly visible beyond the elytra. e.%
R. canadensis.—Pronotum coarsely punctured, in the 9 smaller, carinze sometimes almost as long as the segment, close at the base and divergent. Elytra and dorsum punctulate.
R. cribricollis.—Pronotum coarsely punctured almost variolate, carinz less than one-third of the segmental width apart, slightly divergent.
R. puncticollis.—Pronotum evenly, sharply punctured, carina much more than one-third apart. 2. divergens and radians have the pronotum impunctate, carine close at the base.
R. divergens.—Carine short, elytra unevenly punctured 1.2 mm. long.
R. radians.—Carine one-half the length of the segment, elytra impunctate, 1.5 mm. long.
R. inopia ? Casey.—First insufficiently described, ‘then com- pared with Misaxis tomentosa, then the fabricant joined it to rubicunda, still later to puncticollis, and finally ruminating the same again disgorged it identical with 4/toralis.
Casey evidently does not know, what he is about in trying to ‘ save ‘‘znopia Cas.”’
Bryaxis labyrinthea Cas. is, indeed, very closely allied to 2. intermedia, which also comes from New York, so closely that there is hardly room for a variety.
Rybaxis mystica Cas. a variety of conjuncta, described by me as R. varicornis,
Tychus testaceus Cas. formerly sworn to be different from 7, minor, which is really the truth, is now again unsworn and said to be identical, probably in order to make two_n. sp., which do
q J 3 7
et i ela
not differ from 7. minor except in the
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185
‘
‘vertexal spiculz,’’ and not even among themselves according to the descriptions.
Oropus striatus, (subimpunctate) and Oropus montanus (strongly punctured) are good species. The rest of Oropus were several times reduced and restored.
Rhexidius asperulus nil
Sagola (not Sonoma) tolule, isabelle, corticina and parviceps are good species; the rest, owing to the variation of sexual ven- tral distortions in almost every individual, are invalids.
If Casey found in LeConte’s cabinet a 2. divergens with punc- tured pronotum, the label has been misplaced by negligent, or perhaps willful hands. LeConte’s collection ought to be watched better, to prevent handling it by light-fingered persons.
Casey commenced to do with the Pselaphidz as he did with Stenus, Trogophieus, Sitones and the Baridz, but ‘‘ Je ne voud- rai pas etre violenté d’oter la fumier de ses synonymes.”’
AFTER COLEOPTERA. By J. H. B. Bianp, Philadelphia, Pa.
From the 6th to 20th of July, 1884, I had the opportunity of collecting along the banks of Poko Poko Creek, which empties. into the Lehigh River, at Parryville, Carbon County, Pa.; the creek flows between a series of mountains; the timber is mostly pine, interspersed with oak, hickory and maple; the soil surface is covered with small stones to such an extent that it looked as if it would discourage any agriculturist. Carabidze were very scarce, and I found but few specimens—by beating I obtained Corymbites hieroglyphicus, C. hamatus, Adelocera marmorata, Goes debilis, Leptostylus macula, Liopus alpha, Lyturgus querci, Hyperplatys aspersus, H. maculatus, Strangalia bicolor, S. fa- melica and Chrysobothris scitula.
_ Two days I devoted to aquatic Coleoptera. On the edge of the creek I found two species of Berosus, two of Dineutes, two of Flaliplus, two of Dryops. About one-quarter mile from the mouth of the creek there is a dam; the stream below, the distance of one hundred feet, has a considerable number of submerged plants, some having the appearance of moss, others have a round form; from these I captured quite a number of Zlmzs, Stenelmis,.
186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
and Macronychus. Luseda fine brass-wire sieve, lifting the stones with the plants attached into the sieve; returning to the bank I had a white muslin cloth spread on the ground; distributing the plants on the cloth, many of the beetles left immediately, others I ob- tained by pulling them from the stones and washing them in the sieve; then using a lens in finding them; also picking them out of crevices with the point of a small pocket knife. I found plants growing on the slag, from an iron furnace, the most favorable for that kind of collecting. This portion of my work was at a depth of 8—16 inches of water. I also tried sinking pieces of wood, securing them by weights, which yielded a few specimens each day,
ny Vv
Leucarctia rickseckeri.
Mr. L. E. Ricksecker has kindly presented to the American Entomological Society a pair of the fine species named in his honor by Dr. H. H. Behr in ‘‘ Zoe,’’ vol. iv, p. 247. ZL. rick- seckeri may be described as follows :
It is about the size of small specimens of Z. acrg@a. The wings of the female are immaculate, except a minute black discal spot on anterior wing. Body similar to Z. acrga, but with the black spots fainter, some- times obsolete. In the male the thorax and anterior wings are a diffused smoky color, immaculate, except the minute discal spot ; posterior wings yellowish brown, with one discal and two or three submarginal spots quite indistinct and nearly obsolete. Both pairs of wings are brown underneath, with a few variable, obsolete, black points.
Mr. Ricksecker speaks of the species as follows: ‘‘ June 11, 1891, I found three larve about full grown, similar in general ap- pearance to those of L. acre@a on a species of Senecia. They commenced spinning cocoons June 18, and three males emerged July 18, 1891. June 18, 1893, I visited the same place, and after a long day’s diligent search I had twelve caterpillars. June 15 they commenced spinning cocoons; June 20 eight cocoons (the remainder escaped from the cage); July 5-12 six imagines—% 2, 94. Two cocoons contained parasites. Locality, Sonoma Co., Cala.’’ (We have reproduced the above for the benefit of those who do not have the pleasure of reading ‘‘ Zoe.’’)
a
1895. | 187
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PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1895.
A NEW DEPARTURE. (See page ii of cover.)
Dr. R. Ottolengui has inaugurated something new in entomology, at least in this country. Auction Sales of insects are quite common in Eng- land because entomologists are more numerous there than here. We think the plan is a good one, and we wish it success; there is no doubt but that Dr. Ottolengui will deal justly with all. Rule second we think is a mistake, and should be modified. We think that all kinds of ma- terial for which there is any sale should be listed. Many people want common material at a low price. Cabinets and apparatus might also be disposed of in the same way. There are also doubtless many small col- lections for sale that could be had at a small figure, and that would be a big aid to the beginner, especially if correctly named. As an example of the latter, the American Entomological Society has a large amount of duplicate Coleoptera that it would sell at almost any price as the space it now occupies is more valuable than the specimens. We will view with much interest the result of this first annual’sale.
THE vesicatory principle of the blister-fly is called Cantharidine, and has been ascertained by experiment to reside more particularly in the wings than in other parts of the body. Our officinal insect is the Cantharis vesi- eatoria ; and since the principal supply is from Spain, we call them com- monly Spanish-flies. In Italy, the Mylabris cichorii, a native of the south of Europe, is used; and the 1% pustulata, a native of China, is used by the Chinese, who also export it to Brazil, where it is the only species em- ployed. In India also a species of Me/oe is used, possessing all the properties of the Spanish-fly.—Cowan’s Curious Facts.
188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
DEPARTMENT: OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY,
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J.
Insect Life.—Since the above comments (see last News) on the San José
Scale were written, the New York “Sun” of April 3rd, has commented on ~
some of the contents of this same number of “ Insect Life,’’ and in a some- what different strain. ‘‘If you see it in the “‘Sun” it’s so:” that is, what appears in every issue of that remarkably bright and interesting news- paper ; but the difficulty is, although the ‘“‘Sun” usually tells the truth,
it does not always tell all the truth, and this is the case whenit comments
in rather a sarcastic and caustic manner upon two notes concerning the migration of the Cockroaches, and the record of an abnormal flight of butterflies. It intimates that this must necessarily be of vast importance to the agriculturists at large and gives the impression that it is practically all that this number of ‘‘ Insect Life’”’ contains. It fails to tell the whole truth, because it ignores the contribution to the life-history of the San José Scale, which is certainly practical, and the paper on the new cotton Anthonomus. The outcome of the frost in Florida, as far as the destruc- tion of injurious insects is concerned, is certainly of some importance, and indeed with the possible exception of the two articles above mentioned comprising in all only two or three pages out of nearly eighty, everything in the number is decidedly practical. This brings me to the real point of this note! It has been stated with more or less authority that ‘‘ Insect Life’? was about to be discontinued at the end of the current volume. It is to be hoped that this is a mistake, and that the authorities will not be unfavorably influenced by criticisms of the character above referred to. The volumes of ‘“‘ Insect Life’’ contain a great amount of practical ento- mological information: they contain also much of scientific interest that is indispensible to the student of Economic Entomology. ‘‘ Insect Life” has been criticised as journalistic in character, and so far as this has been the case it has been open to criticism; but this isa minor feature, which can be easily omitted without injuring the general character of the publication itself. It has also been criticised for containing descriptive and sys- tematic matter which has no place in a government publication of that description. Admitting even-this criticism to be valid, yet even with this feature omitted, there would remain a great amount of valuable material of an economic character, which is perfectly suitable for publication by the government and decidedly useful to agriculturists and to other working entomologists. It goes almost without saying that with a force of men, such as are in the employ of the Division of Entomology, many inter- esting observations are made outside of those investigations in which the gentlemen concerned are especially employed. Yet their special employ- ment only is made to form the burden of the Annual Report and the subjects of periodical Bulletins issued from time to time. A vast number
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189
of minor observations, hardly suitable for the Report, or the special Bul- letins, would be wasted without an outlet like “Insect Life,” and frequently it becomes very desirable to reach the farming community promptly with information that will be useful and can be copied and reprinted in the agricultural journals of the country at large. In the opinion of the writer it will be a serious mistake to discontinue now, after seven years, the publication of so useful a periodical as ‘‘ Insect Life.’
Vapors and Gases as Insecticides.— Within the last month three Bulletins have been received speaking of the use of vapors, either of bisulphide of carbon or hydrocyanic acid, for insecticide purposes. Bulletin 27 of the Iowa Station contains records of a series of experiments on melon lice, which do not seem to have been quite as successful or conclusive as those which were carried on by myself and recorded in Bulletin No. 109 of the New Jersey Station. Iam not able to understand at present, the reasons for the differences in the result, because I have never had any revival of plant lice treated with the bisulphide after they were in my judgment dead. I have used the material since my melon lice experi- ments in a number of instances, on potted plants, and always with abso- lute success. So also I have had reports from growers of vegetables under glass that the material has proved successful in destroying: plant lice on lettuces where the benches were covered with a sash. A few experiments with hydrocyanic acid gas are also recorded; but here also the success was only partial, and in rather strong contrast with the expe- riences recorded by Prof. Garman, in Bulletin No. 53, of the Kentucky Experiment Station. Mr. Garman found that using the gas would ac- complish the desired end of killing plant lice in about four minutes, whereas the bisulphide would require about an hour; therefore the advantage in some directions certainly seems to be with the hydrocyanic
-acid gas. But this is such a violent poison that I confess to some hesita-
tion in advising its use. After all it will need many more experiments before we can be certain of just what this gas will do. It may have a field larger than we now realize, and almost undoubtedly the introduction of this gas and the vapor of the bisulphide will make a considerable change in insecticide practice. It is another index of the change in the work of the Economic Entomologist, to which reference was made in the last number of the NEws.
THE vulgar opinion that the ear-wig, Forficula auricularia, seeks to introduce itself into the ear of human beings, and causes much injury to that organ, is-very ancient, but not founded on fact, for they are perfectly harmless. To this opinion the names of this insect in almost all European languages point ; as in English, ear-wig (from Anglo-Saxon eare, the ear, and wigga, 4 worm; hence, also, our word wigg/e); in French, Perce- oreiile, and in German, Ohr-wurm. But, according to some writers, these arose from the shape of the wing when expanded, which then resembles the human ear ; and ear-wig might easily be a corruption of ear-wing, —Cowan’s Curious Facts.
6* «“
190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; [ June,
Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] :
To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to makeit necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘extras’’ without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep.
THE NEws will not be published during July and August. This num- ber contains 36 pages.
A Curious PICTURE DISCOVERED AT HAMILTON COLLEGE.—A curious specimen of slow photography, says the New York Sun, came to light recently in the renovation of the collection of insects in the natural science hall at Hamilton College. It was years since the cabinets had been opened or the specimens moved or rearranged. In a corner of a cabinet that stood facing a window was a very large specimen of the common blue swallow-tail butterfly (Papilio asterias), which had been all but destroyed by butterfly lice, diminutive insects that work havoc among mounted specimens unless their inroads are guarded against by chemicals.
Inspector William P. Shepard, who was renovating the collection, re- moved the butterfly and was surprised to find beneath it, on the white paper with which the cabinet was lined, an exact reproduction of the in- sect, even to the most minute curves and points in the outline of the wings. The paper was carefully removed, and now forms an exhibit by itself in another part of the hall. The process of photography had perhaps con- sumed eight years, as the butterfly had remained in the cabinet undis- turbed for at least that period.— Philadelphia Record.
PROFESSOR—‘‘How many legs have insects?’’ Candidate—‘‘Five per cent. ofinsects have no legs atall, 11 per cent. have one, 14 per cent. two or three, 10 per cent. four and five, but none six.’’ Professor—‘“‘How in the world did you get this answer?’’ Candidate—‘' By carefully examining the collection belonging to the Hamilton College.”
A New Foop PLant For Hypatus (LisyTHEA) BACHMANI.—This butterfly has been taken a number of times west of Lincoln, hovering around over the large tracts of wolf-berry (Symphoricarpus occidentalis), which covers the low ground near the creek. . The eggs and larve have a’so been found on this shrub, and Mr. Roscoe Pound, a former student interested in the study of Lepidoptera, has collected and reared the larvze to maturity on this wolf-berry. No hack-berry trees are to be found any-
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IgI
where in the vicinity, and for that matter few are to be found about the city. Prof. Lawrence Bruner says he has never taken the larve on any other plant than the wolf-berry in Nebraska, and the butterfly is usually to be caught hovering near such a patch. As the Hypatus bachmant is a rather common butterfly in southeastern Nebraska, and the hack-berry trees are scarce, it is evident that its chief source of food in this region is found in the more common wolf-berry.—H. G. BARBER, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
Entomological Literature.
[The Associate Editor, contemplating an extended absence from Phila- delphia, offered his resignation to the chairman of the Publication Com- mittee of the News. While this has not been accepted, his editorial connection for the present will be nominal only, and beginning with the next (September) number the Entomological Literature will be under the charge of Mr. William J. Fox. It may be well to add that the Associate Editor has exercised his editorial functions, during the past five years, only in preparing the monthly summaries of the entomological literature and the annual indices to the volume.—P. P. C.]
1. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History. London, April, 1895.—Contributions to the phylogeny of the Arachnida.—On the position of the Acarina: The so-called Malpighian tubes and the respira- tory organs of the Arachnida, J. Wagner (transl. from Jen. Zeit. Naturwis.). Description of a new suctorial millipede sent from Trinidad by Mr. J. H. Hart of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Trinidad, R. I. Pocock.
2. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, April 8, 22, 1895.—On the Hy- drachnid genera Arrenurus Duges and 7hyas C. L. Koch, R. Piersig.
3. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE VAUDOISE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES (3), xxxi, No. 115. Lausanne, June, 1894 (received April 23, 1895).—Re- searches on the metamorphosis of the Lepidoptera (the formation of the imaginal appendices in the pupa of Pieris brassic@), J. Gonin, figs., 5 pls.
192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
4. THE BOTANICAL GAZETTE. Madison, Wis., April, 1895.—Flowers and insects—xiv, C. Robertson [ Gentiana, Phiox, Mimulus, etc.].
5. THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY, iii, 4. Lawrence, Kans., April, 1895 (received April 23).—Diptera of Colorado and New Mexico, W. A. Snow. Supplementary list of North American Syrphide, id. Dialysis and Triptotricha, S. W. Williston, fig. New Bombyliide, id.
6. BULLETIN No. 28. Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. Amherst, Mass., April, 1895.—Canker worms, army worm, corn worm, red-humped apple tree caterpillar, antiopa but- terfly, currant stem-girdler, imported elm bark louse, greenhouse Orthezia, C. P. Lounsbury.-
7. THE ENTOMOLOGIsT’s RECORD. London, April 15, 1895.—Iris, G. M. A. Hewett. Notes on butterfly pupe, with some remarks on the phylogenesis of the Rhopalocera (concl.), T. A. Chapman.—May 1, 1895. The genus Smerinthus, A. Bacot. Variation considered biologically: being some notes suggested by the Romanes lecture of 1894, J. W. Tutt. On wing structure, J. A. Moffat. Pre-occupied generic names in the Lepidoptera, A. R. Grote.
8. ARCHIV DES VEREINS DER FREUNDE DER NATURGESCHICHTE IN MECKLENBURG, 48 Jahrgang, 1894, 1 Abtheil. Guestrow, 1894.—The beetle remains of the Dobbertine Lias, E. Geinitz-Rostock, 1 pl.
g. SITZUNGS-BERICHT DER GESELLSCHAFT NATURFORSCHENDER FRE- UNDE ZU BERLIN, March 19, 1895.—On the participation of the male of a Belostomid in the care of the young, E. Schmidt.
10. BULLETIN DES SEANCES DE LA SOCiETE NATIONALE D’AGRICUL- TURE DE FRANCE, lv, 1. Paris, 1895.—/Veuronia popularis in the pastur- ages of the north of France, M. Laboulbene.
11. COMPTES RENDUS. SOCIETE DE BioLocig. Paris, April 6, 1895.— On the progenesis of psoric Sarcoptidz, Dr. Trouessart.
12. Lepipoprera INpIca. By F. Moore. Pt. xx. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1895 (received April 30, 1895).—Contains pp. 177-192 of vol. ii, pls. 147-154 [Amathusiine].
13. THIRD SUPPLEMENT to the List of Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico, by Samuel Henshaw. Philadelphia: American Entomological Society, 1895; 62 pp.—‘‘ The present supplement to the List of Coleop- tera of America north of Mexico (Philadelphia, 1885), includes all the additions and corrections contained in the first and second supplements; also such as have been noted since May, 1889. Thespecies are numbered continuously with the List’ and the total now amounts to 11,255.
14. Die KAFER VON MITTELEUROPA. Die Kafer der cesterreichisch-. ungarischen Monarchie, Deutschlands, der Schweiz, sowie des franzcesis- chen und italienischen Alpengebietes. Bearbeitet von Ludwig Ganglbauer.
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1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 193
Zweiter Band. Familienreihe Staphylinoidea. I. Theil Staphylinidee, Pselaphide. Mit 38 Holzschnittfiguren im Text. Wien, Carl Gerold’s
Sohn, 1895, pp. vi, 881.
_ 5. Le NATURALISTE. Paris, April 15, 1895.—Acridophagous birds, M. Forest...
16. BioLociscnEs CENTRALBLATT. Erlangen, April 15, 1895.—Felix Plateau’s observations and experiments on the means of protection of Abraxas grossulariata, H. Tiebe. -
17. ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, ZOOLOGIE (7), xix, 4-6. Paris, 1895.—Glandular apparatus of the Hymenoptera (concl.), L. Bordas, 3 pls.
18. La Nature. Paris, March 16, April 20, 1895.—Fossil insects of Primary times, C. Brongniart, 3 figs.
19. THE CANADIAN RECORD OF SCIENCE, vi, 2. Montreal, April, 1894 (received May 7, 1895).—Ancient Myriapods, G. F. Matthew.
20. NOTES FROM THE LEYDEN MUSEUM, xvi, 3-4, July-October, 1894 (received May 7, 1895).—Descriptions of some new Brenthidz, A. Senna.
21. KNOWLEDGE. London, May 1, 1895.—The Winter-life of insects— ii, E. A. Butler, figs.
22. JAHRBUCH DER KONIGL. PREUSSISCHEN GEOLOGISCHEN LANDE- SANSTALT. UND BERGAKADEMIE ZU BERLIN, xiv, 1894.—Insect borings in the brown coal of Brandenburg, O. von Gellhorn, 1 pl.
23. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1895, pt. 1, April 25, 1895.—A list of the Lepidoptera of the Khasia hills, part iii, Col. C. Swinhoe. Notes on the fungus growing and eating habit of Sericomyrmex opacus Mayr, F. W. Urich. On the Longicorn Cole- optera of the West India Islands, C. J. Gahan. Life-history of Pericoma canescens (PsychodiGz), Prof. L. C. Miall and N. Walker, 2 pls.; with a bibliographical and critical appendix, Baron Osten Sacken. Questions bearing on specific stability, F. Galton.
24. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 1894, pt. iv, April 1, 1895.—Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera of the genera Oedionychus and Asphera, M. Jacoby.
25. THE ENTomoLocistT. London, May, 1895.—On the causes of va- riation and aberration in the imago state of butterflies, with suggestions on the establishment of new species (cont.), Dr. M. Standfuss, translated by F. A. Dixey. A catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland (cont.), W. F. deV. Kane. ‘Those ‘‘ jumping eggs,’’ C. C. Hopley.
26. PsycHe. Cambridge, May, 1895.—On a rational nomenclature of the veins of insects, especially those of Lepidoptera, A. S. Packard, figs. The genus Oxypitla, N. Banks. Co/ias hecla, H. Skinner.
194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
27. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., May, 1895.—The Coleoptera of Canada—ix, H. F. Wickham, figs. List of butterflies taken at Winnipeg, Man., 1894, A. W. Hanham. New Tachinide with a slender proboscis, D. W. Coquillett. Notes on the Thyatiride, H. G. Dyar. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera—iv, C. F. Baker. Note on the Pla- typterygide, A. R. Grote. Additions to the list of U. S. Hymenoptera, T. D. A. Cockerell. A new Pulvinaria found on Orchids, id. The use of Megalopyge, A. R. Grote. Bombycide—Zygznide, H. G. Dyar.
28. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xxi, 8. Berlin, April, 1895.— On gall-fly larvze inhabiting moss, J. J. Kieffer. Mesotenus as a parasite of Eumenes, H. Friese. In remembrance of Dr. phil. Erich Haase [sum- mary of his contributions to insect phylogeny], C. Verhoeff.
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered
in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes that _
the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT.
Robertson 4, Lounsbury 6, Tutt 7, Moffat 7, Forest 15, Brongniart 18, Butler 21, von Gellhorn 22, Galton 23, Packard 26, Verhoeff 28.
ARACHNIDA. Wagner 1, Piersig 2, Trouessart 11, Banks 26*. MYRIAPODA. Pocock 1, Matthew Ig. HEMIPTERA.
Schmidt 9, Cockerell 27*. COLEOPTERA.
Geinitz-Rostock 8, Henshaw 13, Ganglbauer 14, Senna 20*, Gahan 23%, Jacoby 24*, Hopley 25, Wickham 27.
* DIPTERA.
Snow 5* (two), Williston 5* (two), Miall and Walker 23, Osten Sacken 23, Coquillett 27*, Baker 27*, Kieffer 28.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Gonin 3, Hewett 7, Chapman. 7, Bacot 7, Grote 7, 27 (two), Moore 12, Laboulbene 10, Tiebe 16, Swinhoe 23, Standfuss 25, Kane 25, Packard 26, Skinner 26, Hanham 27, Dyar 27 (two).
HYMENOPTERA.
Bordas 17, Urich 23, Cockerell 27, Friese 28.
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1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 195
Doings of Societies.
PHILADELPHIA, May 14, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1509 S. 13th St. Members present: Messrs. Bland, Fox, H. W. Wenzel, Laurent, Trescher, E. Wenzel, Johnson, Boerner, Schmitz, Drs. Castle and Griffith. Honorary members: Prof. J. B. Smith and Dr. Henry Skinner. Visitor: Mr. W. J. Gerhard. Meeting called to order 8.50 p.m., President Bland in the chair. Com- mittee on Photograph reported progress, Mr. Wenzel exhibiting a photo- graph of the late Mr. Seeber, which was obtained from one of the Social’s group pictures.
Committee on Resolutions Parerre the following which was approved “The Feldman Collecting Social having heard with deep sorrow of the death of C. Ernst Seeber, one of its oldest and most assiduous Rennes and former vice-president, be it
Resolved, that it is the sense of this meeting that in the death of our fellow-member and co-laborer, entomology has lost a devoted follower, one whose memory will ever be revered by his associates, who mourn his loss deeply; and that a record of these resolutions be made on our minutes, and a transcript be forwarded to the family of the deceased, as a mark of sympathy in its bereavement.
H. W. WENZEL, D. M. CaAsTLe, M. D..| Committee. Ws. J. Fox,
The committee also presented a memoir on the life of Mr. Seeber, which was read by Mr. Wenzel, and on motion the committee was in- structed to have the photograph and memoir published in the columns of the ENTOMOLOGICAL News.
In the death of C. Ernst Seeber, March 28, 1895, entomology, particularly local entomology, loses one of its most arduous followers. Mr. Seeber was born in Gschwend Gaildorf, Wiirtenburg, Germany, Dec. 21, 1833, and graduated from the high school at Crailsheim. He learned his trade at Backnang, in the same province, where he also took a course in sur- gery. From Backnang he went to Stuttgart, where he held a position from 1850 to 1853. In the latter year he came to the United States, re- siding at Trenton, N. J., until 1855, when he came to Philadelphia and Started in business. He soon became acquainted with some of the local collectors, and was elected a member of the American Entomological Society in August, 1862.
From boyhood up to the time of his death, entomology was his favorite pursuit, although averse to prominence in the literary field and in sys- tematic work, a fact which is fully attested by the absence of his name
from among the contributors to our entomological Journals, and in conse- : . a
196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June;
quence of which was probably unknown outside of Philadelphia. His keenness of observation, love of nature, and his knowledge of field work placed him among the first rank of collectors, whose work is really the basis of deeper research. He was always willing to impart to others the secrets of mother nature that his sharp sense of discernment may have uncovered. In his early life Lepidoptera was his favorite study, but in later years he became more interested in Coleoptera, of which order he became the possessor of a very large collection, which he finally, after the death of his wife, disposed of. His love for nature was not confined to entomology as a glance at the garden attached to his residence would have shown, and in later years when his business affairs permitted not of excursions to the country, many were the beetles, butterflies, and wasps taken by him on the flowers planted and nursed by him, and which col- lection he used to take pleasure in dubing “‘my back yard collections.”
At the time of his death he was connected with several German societies, and took an active part in the meetings of the Feldman Collecting Social, of which society he was formerly vice-president, and at which his jovial nature and witticisms were a pleasing adjunct, in fact, his failure to attend ~ a meeting was always cansidered a matter of regret by his fellow-members. His death was a matter of much regret, and he died as he lived—beloved by all who knew him.
RRO EE BE AEE
_Dr. Skinner exhibited a box of butterflies (Anthocharis genutia) collected by Mr. Gerhard and himself on May sth at Arcola, on the Perkiomen Creek. His object, he stated was firstly toshow how Lepidoptera should be caught; secondly how mounted and thirdly how and what data should go on the pin. Prof. Smith remarked, that the weather in the early part of May had proven very unfavorable for the pollination of fruit blossoms by bees; he stated also that he had noticed acre upon acre of one variety of pear, planted throughout Burlington County, N. J., and there was no evidence of bee culture for miles to further pollination; he further stated that what pollination was done, was not done by the honey bee, but by a very small species. Prof. Smith also stated that in the early part of this month he had found a number of infested Kiefer pear trees, and on breaking a number of twigs he found them to contain Agri/us sinuatus in the pupa state, it being the introduced European species which he mentioned before as attacking the pear in New Jersey. He had cut quite a number of these twigs, which contained larve of the aforesaid species. Mr. Fox exhibited two species of Vespide belonging to the genera Chartergus and folybia respectively, which showed a remarkable superficial resem- blance; both were from Tepic, Mex., and the Po/ybia is a new species. Mr. Wenzel remarked that on May roth he had noticed the first large flight of Lachnasterna—micans, hirticula and arcuata; he also exhibited specimens of Calasoma frigidum and Panageus fasciatus from the low lands below Philadelphia, remarking that they were the first taken by . him in this locality. Of Buprestis ultramarina he found several speci-
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 197
mens on May sth; also Cremastochilus harrisi, in numbers on same date. Mr. Bland mentioned observing near Newton Creek, N. J., on April 14th, Cicindela repanda and C. modesta congregated in great numbers in a space of about thirty feet in diameter, the specimens being fresh in color, as though just having emerged into the imago form. He had also found near Manyunk; Pa., on May sth, Cy//ene pictus very abundant on hickory. Prof. Smith suggested the appointing of a committee empowered to act in reference to a field meeting of the different societies on July 4th. A motion being made and carried to that effect the president appointed Dr. H. G. Griffith and Mr. Wm. J. Fox. No further business being presented the meeting adjourned to the annex at 10.30 P. M.
Tueo. H. Scumitz, Secretary.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION of the Chicago Academy of Sciences.—An
_ informal meeting of this Section was held at the home of A. J. Snyder,
2622 Hartzell Street, North Evanston, Ill., on Friday evening, May 17th. A private collection of Lepidoptera was examined, notes of the season compared, and some collecting done in the evening.
A. J. SNYDER, Recorder.
The Entornological Section b ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
APRIL 25, 1895.
A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, director, presiding. Meeting called to order at 8.20 p.m. Members present: Seiss, E. T. Cresson, Fox, Ridings, Liebeck. Associates: Westcott, Bland, Boerner. Mr. William J. Gerhard visitor.. The publication Committee reported in favor of the publication of the following papers: ‘‘ Review.of the Stratiomyia and Odontomyia of North America.”” By Chhas W. Johnson. ‘“‘ List of the Coleoptera of Southwestern Pennsylvania, with Notes of Frequency of Occurrence.’’ By Dr. John Hamilton. ‘‘The Species of Dineutes of Boreal America.’’ By Chris. H. Roberts. A letter from Mrs. Peary was read in relation to a Greenland Relief Expedition to bring her husband home. Paper No. 307 was presented for publication. Dr. Skinner ex- hibited larve of 7rogoderma in great numbers, which had been discov- ered by Mr. Gerhard in the window ventilator in the room of the Section. Dr. Horn spoke of the larve of 7ribolium being a museum pest, but eating principally paste and cork. He further said the two species had been confounded in collections, 7. ferrugineum being separated from confusum by the last three joints of the antennz being abruptly broader, while in confusum the antenne are gradually broader to apex. The
198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS: [ June,
speaker also said that Copturus minutus had been recently taken on the seashore by the Philadelphia collectors, it being a Southern species. A nearly relatede species has also been found at Cape San Lucas. The speaker pointed out the differences existing between the species.
Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CLISTOPYGA. By G. C. Davis.
Clistopyga zonata n. sp. 2.—Length 6 mm.; ovipositor1 mm. Black, with white markings ; the pleura and sternze of meso- and metathorax rufous, also the scutellum and four posterior coxz and femora; the an- tennz, two stripes on mesonotum and more or less of the anterior portion of the abdominal segments, reddish brown; the face, orbital lines to the back of the occiput, mouth except tips of mandibles, tegulz, spot beneath, long line in front, postscutellum, spot on outer angles of metathorax, anterior coxe, all the trochanters and a transverse band near the apex of the first five abdominal segments, white ; femora, tibiz and tarsi of anterior legs, reddish white; tibiz and tarsi of middle legs white, the tarsal joints more or less tipped with black; tibiz and tarsi of hind legs white, with a band near the apex of the femora, a band on the second fifth of the tibiz, and another on the apical two-fifths, and also the tips of the tarsal joints, black. Wings hyaline, iridescent; areolet wanting, with the space pentagonal in outline; mesonotum full, oval, bulging con- siderably in front; parapsidal grooves nearly obsolete; mesothorax deep; metathorax and abdomen closely and rather coarsely punctured; the first segment of the abdomen.has a broad, flat disc near the base, extending to near the middle of the segment, and margined with a small, but dis- tinct carina. The following segments are narrowed at the base and with a shallow transverse depression anterior to the white bands.
One specimen from Dr. W. A. Nason, of Algonquin, Ill.
Clistopyga alborhombarta n. sp. 2.—Length 6 mm.; ovipositor 1 mm. Black, with white markings; pleurz and sternum, rufous; face, mouth, scape beneath, orbital lines above antenne terminating in a large disc on the vertex; tegula, spot in front, spot beneath, margins of mesonotum with the lines recurving and uniting before the scutellum ; scutellums, pictus, all of the coxz, four anterior trochanters and five diamond-shaped spots on the abdomen, white; four anterior legs with femora and tibice white, spotted more or less with light brown, tarsi white, with joints tipped with brown, terminal joint black at tip; posterior legs white, with basal part of trochanters, a patch on upper terminal third of tibia and all of the tarsi, except base of joints, black; the large white spots on the
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1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. : 199
abdomen are at the base of segments 2-6; the one on segment 2 is rect- angular and covers about two-fifths of the segment either way, each suc- ceeding spot becomes transversely elongate, and longitudinally narrowed until the one on segment 6 is quite narrow and less distinct than the others. Wings transparent, iridescent. Antennz, except scape, black; the body is smooth, shining and with very few punctures. Head small, eyes comparatively large; mesonotum shows the trilobed structure, the anterior lobe having a longitudinal groove in the centre of it; mesoster- num much produced beneath, so that the mesothorax is at least twice as. deep as the metathorax; metanotum with two longitudinal carine and one transverse carina near the apex ; tergum of abdomen uneven, the white diamond-shaped spots raised and surrounded by a distinct crenu- lated channel,
One specimen collected in Florida by Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson.
There are seven species in the genus, and the following table may serve as a guide in separating them : Abdomen entirely black.
Face and scutellum black.
Posterior tibia black at base . . . . . . . . canadensis Prov. Posterior tibie white at base. . . . . . . . . truncata Prov. Face with white orbits, scutellum white. . . . . annulipes Cress.
Abdomen black, with large, central, elliptical, white spots on segments 2-6. alborhombarta n. sp. Abdomen with the apical edges of the segments white.
Posterior legs black with white annuli . . . . . . .zonatan. sp. Posterior legs fulvous, oblique grooves on abdominal segments as in
Ghpta .°... . 2 we ee. pulehripicta Ashm. Posteriorlegswhite ......... . .. .~ pleuralis Ashm.
fay
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA OF THREE SAW-FLIES.
By Harrison G. Dyar, A. M., New York.
Trichiosoma triangulum Kirby. . :
Larva.—Large, like Cimbex. Head bright straw-yellow, rounded, shagreened, not shiny; width 4.5mm.; a crease before apex of each lobe; eye on a black spot; a point near it representing the antenna. Body curled spirally, green, covered with white dots; segments about 8 annu- late, the annulets and the true segmental incisures about alike; two larger white dots on the subventral folds formed by an aggregation of small dots. Spiracles invert-cordate, black. Thoracic feet large, pale, black tipped. Abdominal feet present on joints 6-12 and 13, pale green. Body higher then wide, slightly smaller posteriorly.
Larvee not uncommon on the willow and wild cherry at Keene Valley, N. Y., in the Adirondacks. They closely resemble the larva of Cimbex
200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
americana in appearance and position, but lack the dorsal line of that species. The cocoon is large, of a firm texture, dark brown.
Lyda ochreata Say.
Solitary web-spinners on hazel (Corylus rostrata), many on the same bush, each in a part of a leaf rolled over in a cornucopia-shape and filled with gummy web. Rarely several in one leaf.
Egg shelils.—Found singly on the back of the leaf, a thin, white, ellip- tical skin, 1.5 mm. in size.
Larva.—Head rounded, pale translucent testaceous, with a long pointed antenna before and above the black eye; mouth brown. Width at ma- turity I.4-I1.5 mm. i
A transverse, black, narrow cervical] shield; thoracic feet slender, pointed colorless, unused; abdominal none. A pair of jointed, pointed, colorless processes subventrally on joint 13; venter a little flattened; segments indis- tinctly 4-annulate; color transparent shining greenish, no marks; alimen- tary canal gives a blackish shade; dorsal vessel darker.
Monophaduus rubi Harris.
Sitting flat on the venter on raspberry leaves, singly; downy and green like the leaf stems, which they closely resemble. Head rounded, mouth pointed, green, pilose, eye black; width 1 mm.; segments obscurely 3- annulate; on second and third annulets a series of Y-shaped sete, the shaft strong and thick, the limbs pointed, three on each annulet above the spiracle, those on the posterior annulet alternating with those before, placed each a little below the one on the second annulet, the lowest one just on the stigmatal line; two setz-on the uppar part of the subventral ridge (s.-v. ant.), and two on the lower part (s.-v. post.). The upper two on second annulet and upper one on third, have black limbs; all the rest white. Feet on joints 6-12 and 13. _ Body clear green, a little yellowish; thoracic feet clear, with black tips.
Last stage.—Smooth (no setz); all translucent green, scarcely shining ; width of head 1 mm. Annulets with transverse watery areas and slight irregularities to represent the sete; segmental incisures a little folded; no marks. Enters the ground on acquiring this stage, and forms a frail co- coon. The change to pupa and imago takes place the following Spring.
fay VU
NOTE ON THE FORMS OF ALYPIOIDES. By T. D. A. CockERELL, N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta.
The occasion of this note is a specimen of Alypioides received from Dr. A. Duges, which ought according to the way the species of this genus have been separated, to be new—differing from the two hitherto described about as much as they differ from one another,
I do not, however, take this view, but would rather regard all
—
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1895. ]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201
the forms of Alypioides as representing one species, separable thus :— (A.) Secondaries above without spots. . . 4. bimaculata H.-S., 1853
(Mex. and New Mex.). (B.) Secondaries above with one or more pale spots.
(i.) With a single large spot or patch . . var. crescens Walk. 1856- (New Mex. and Calif.). (ii.) With two spots. . . . . . . var. dugesit nov. (Mexico).
The last mentioned may be more particularly described thus:-
A. bimaculata var. nov. dugesii.—Length of body 17 mm., of anterior wing 21mm. Like crescens, but the light markings creamy white rather than yellow; middle spot on primaries quadrate, and considerably larger than in a specimen of dimacu/ata from Grant County, New Mex. Sec- ondaries above with two large patches, one about the end of the cell, the other nearer the inner margin; also a faint dot near the inner end of the latter one, but apparently situated in the cell. Tongue orange as in the other forms.
Hab.—Guanajuato, Mexico (Dr. A. Duges). One specimen, in coll. Duges. Before venturing on the above remarks, I con- sulted Mr. Dyar, who writes that he quite thinks I may be cor- rect in regarding these forms as varieties of one; and adds that he agrees that the Guanajuato form should have a name, though as avariety. He further remarks, in confirmation of the view taken, that a specimen of crescens in his collection has a trace of the second spot in the form of a little diffuse yellow dot.
O TWO NEW APANTELES. By Cart F. Baker, Fort Collins, Col.
Two new species of the genus Afanieles recently reared in the Entomological Laboratory of the Colorado Agricultural College seem to be of importance sufficient to warrant their publication.
Apanteles ephestie n. sp. 2.—Length of body 3.6 mm., of antennz 2.6. mm., ovipositor 1.05mm. Black, shining; antenne black, to deep brown at ‘tip; palpirufous. Legs, except coxe, rufous, basal portions of anterior and middle femora, all of posterior femora, tips of posterior tibize and posterior tarsi, darker; stigma and nervures bounding first submarginal cell out- wardly, dark brown; tegulz yellowish brown. Head transverse, finely punctured, with rather dense pubescence; face below antennz witha strong median ridge; ocelli prominent and black; mesonotum finely, thickly punc- tured, with an indication of a median carina posteriorly, and two oblique slightly depressed areas behind converging towards the scutellum; scutel-
202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
lum shining, sparsely indistinctly punctate, anterior groove with about four- teen well marked pits; central fovea of postscutellum semicircular, nearly smooth within, on either side of this a deep sharply margined oblong- elliptical transverse fovea, rugose within; metanotum rugulose, with long sparse pubescence at the sides; medially extending nearly the whole
length of the metanotum, a large deep, ovate-elliptical fovea, with asharp
double margin and with about three weak transverse carinz crossing it within; posterior angles of metanotum acute, somewhat produced, slightly excavated within, the excavated area crossed obliquely by strong rugz ; lateral carinz gradually diverging cephalad. Abdomen about as long as thorax, beyond first segment ovate elliptical ; membranous margins of first and second segments brownish; tergum of first abdominal segment punctato-rugulose, with a large median area which is almost a repetition of that on the metanotum, except that the margins are not so sharply defined, and it is more regularly elliptical; this tergum has also a distinct circular fovea within each posterior angle; tergum of second segment finely obliquely aciculated on either side, leaving a triangular smooth area at base; tergum of first segment one and half times as long as wide at
base, slightly broadening caudad, as long as second and third together ;
tergum of second segment short, nearly three times wider than long, trapezoidal, wider than the first at the suture between them, and two-thirds the length of the third; remaining joints smooth, shining; hypopygium brownish towards the tip, ovipositor black; posterior tibial spines not half the length of the first tarsal joint. .
6 .—Tergum of second abdominal segment as wide as the first at the suture between them, much more distinctly trapezoidal than in the female and but little more than twice wider than long. Size somewhat smaller.
Described from four females and one male, reared from the larve of Ephestia kuhniella working in honey comb, the flies emerging November 22.
Apanteles gillettei n. sp. 2.—Length of body 2.5 mm., of antenne 1.5 mm., of ovipositor2mm. Black, shining; antennz deep chocolate, basal joint black; mandibles light brown at tip, palpi honey-yellow distally ; coxze black ; femora piceous, the anterior fading to light brown at tip; tibiz light brown, the middle and posterior darker towards tips ; tarsi brownish, posterior darker. Wings iridescent, stigma and veins pale brownish, nearly unicolorous. Head transverse but thick, obsoletely punctured on face, sparsely pubescent; face below antennz with a strong median ridge; ocelli medium, pale brown to colorless; mesonotum obsoletely punctured, with two very shallow depréssed areas on either side posteriorly ; scutellum smooth, shining, impurictate, anterior groove with about fourteen well marked pits; central fovea of postscutellum semicircular, with a median carina, on either sidé a deep oblong-elliptical transverse fovea, rugose within ; metanotum coarsely, irregularly rugose, coarser near the posterior angles, non-pubescent, with a well defined
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1985. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 203
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median carina; posterior angles obtusely rounded; lateral carinz strongly divergent cephalad. Abdomen slightly longer than thorax, beyond first segment ovate-lanceolate; membranous margins of first and second seg- ments brownish; tergum of first abdominal segment coarsely longitudi- nally rugose, a third longer than wide, sides nearly parallel; tergum of second segment wider posteriorly, and three-fourths length of first, sud- denly narrowed to the basal suture, where it is narrower than the first, coarsely longitudinally rugose; remaining segments smooth and shining; ovipositor dark brown; posterior tibial spines not one-half length first tarsal joint. The male differs only in size.
Described from seven females and three males reared from
Cacecia argyrospila on apple, the flies emerging June 23.
oD Vv
CHARACTERS OF A NEW SPECIES OF THELIA. By E. P. Van Duzer, Buffalo, N. Y.
In looking over my material of 7helia univittata a year or two ago I found I had confused two distinct species under this name, one of which appears to be still undescribed. Later I sent an example of the new form to Dr. F. W. Goding, who was then preparing a catalogue of the North American Membracidz, and he pronounced it identical with some material he had placed under Thelia crategi. In fact, the female does have a stronger resemblance to the female of crategi than to that of unzvittata, but the specimen I have placed as the male of this new species is very close to the male of uwzzvzttata, and not at all like that of crategt. Below is a comparitive description of this new form :
Thelia godingi n. sp.—In Bull. Buffalo Society of Nat. Sciences, v, p. 189, 1894. Female; shorter and stouter than in w#ivittata with the pro- notum more thickly and evenly punctured and extended to or beyond the tip of the elytral areoles. In wmivittata the punctures are coarser and more irregular, leaving a few scattering callous-like spots and about four longitudinal smooth lines, beginning a little behind the shoulders and
. becoming connivent or evanescent before the tip, which in this species is
more slender than in godingz and does not attain the apex of the elytral areoles. These longitudinal lines are more obscure and irregular in crat@gi, and scarcely or not at all discernible in godingi. In this latter species the dorsal hump is nearly vertical before and behind, as wide above as below, with the apex well rounded and showing a slight inclina- tion to become pointed at the middle. In crategi the edges of the hump are parallel, but the anterior apical angle is rounded off, and the posterior is subacute. In wxivittata this protruberance is proportionately longer and more slender, and quite distinctly inclined forward with its apex
204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
shaped about as in crategi. Color: proriotum of univitiata cinerous, punctured with blackish, and marked as in our other species with three black points over each eye, and a vertical black line before reaching to the tip of the dorsal horn; the punctures are fewer and more shallow toward the shoulders, leaving these parts paler; dorsal ridge marked with a broad white line, bordered with brown and extending from the tip of the horn to the apex of the elytra. This dorsal white line is a little nar- rower in godingi, and may become diffuse before the posterior tip through coalesance with a transverse, pale, anteapical band, which is more or less strongly indicated in this species. The anterior black vertical line is usually broken in godingi, and the punctures are concolorous with the surface of the pronotum which is marked as in crategi, but usually with the pattern less clearly contrasted. The markings of this latter species - are well represented by Emmons in the Nat. Hist. of N. Y. Agriculture vol. v, pl. iii, fig. 2, but he has figured the dorsal horn as longer and more slender than in any specimen I have seen,
The male of godingi scarcely differs from that of univittata, the characteristic markings being almost obliterated by dusky mottlings. In crategi the markings are as clearly defined as in the female, but the dorsal horn is less elevated, though of about the same form as in the female.
This is an interesting addition to our described Membracide, of which I have taken a number of individuals about Buffalo, mostly on bushes of wild black cherry in June and July.
0). Vv
SOME MISSOUR! SPIDERS. By NATHAN BANKS.
The following spiders were collected in Missouri by my friend, Mr. Gilbert Van Ingen, in 1890. They were captured mostly near Springfield, in the southwestern part of the State;
DRASSID.
Micaria agilis nov. sp.—Length 5 mm. Cephalothorax, mandibles and sternum yellow, or pale yellowish brown; legs white, base of femur i brown, posterior pairs faintly lineated with brown; abdomen gray or blackish, with golden scales, distinctly constricted just before the middle, where there is an interrupted band of white scales, often another white band nearer the base ; there are some scales near the tip with a greenish reflection ; p. m. e. nearer to the p. s. e. than to each other.
I also have it from Washington, D. C., and Sea Cliff, N. Y. It is readily recognized by its generally pale color. It may have
1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205 been mistaken for Herpyllus auratus Hentz, but Hentz neither
figures nor mentions any constriction to the abdomen of his
species.
Prosthesima ecclesiastica Hentz
| pos - CLUBIONID&, Thargalia trilineata Hentz Cayensil saltabunda Hentz = ‘longipalpis Hentz Trachelas tranquilla Hentz ~ f Anyphena gracilis Hentz ; 24) ot ae AGALENIDA. 3 Agalena nevia Hentz Celotes encilivinatie Ean Cicurina arcuata Keys : a DICTYNID#. Dictyna sublata Hentz Titaneca americana Em. a volucripes Keys THERIDID. Theridium icigedatibien Koch. Asagena americana Em. Lathrodectes mactans Koch. Floronia clathrata Koch. Teutana triangulosa Walck. _ Linyphia phrygiana Koch. Steatoda borealis Hentz ‘* marginata Koch.
Ceratinopis lativeps Em. (Erigone zanthippe Keys). This species, which I also have from Ithaca and Sea Cliff, N. Y., is certainly Keyserling’s form; and I think that it is the 9 of Emerton’s C. daticeps.
EPEIRID. Acrosoma rugosa Hentz Epeira trivittata Keys. = spinea Hentz “* domiciliorum Hentz Mahadeva verrucosa Hentz Argiope transversa Em. Epeira insularis Hentz Argyrepeira hortorum Hentz ‘* trifolium Hentz Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz THOMISIDA., Xysticus nervosus Bks. Misumena oblonga Keys. z iz gulosus Keys. re rosea Keys. Cortarachne versicolor Keys. Philodromus vulgaris Hentz Se : LYCOSIDE. Lycosa carolinensis Hentz Lycosa scutulata Hentz “_erratica Hentz Stes ee
“ babingtoni Bik.
6**
206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June,
One ? 14 mm. long, of not very definite characters, but un- known to me. /
Lycosa missouriensis nov. sp.—Length 18 mm. ; ceph. 9 mm., breadth of ceph. 6 mm. Leg i, 21 mm., leg iv, 25 mm., mandibles 4.5 mm. Cephalothorax dark red-brown, with rufous hair, blackish in eye-region ; mandibles dark red-brown, with white hair; sternum and coxz pale yel- lowish, with white hair ; femora and patellz yellow-brown ; tibiz, meta- larsi and tarsi of legs i and ii almost black, and’ more densely clothed with whitish hair, those of posterior legs not much darker than the femora; abdomen above dark uniform brown, densely clothed with brown hair, , below paler brown. The cephalothorax is regularly arched, quite high in front and the highest just behind the dorsal eyes ; the first eye-row is a little shorter than the second, and nearly straight ; the eyes of second row are about their diameter apart; the third row is plainly wider than the second, and the eyes equal to those of the second, from which they are situated about once and a half their diameter; the mandibles are very large and stout; the sternum broad; the legs stout and of moderate length; on tibia i, there are two spines on inside, two below and a pair at tip, on tibia iv, two on inside, two on outside, and three pairs below. The epigynum consists of a shallow reddish depression, fully twice as long as broad, rounded in front and slightly narrower behind, where its corners are elevated and blackish, a narrow elevated septum passes through it, being highest between the black posterior corners.
One female. Pardosa obsoleta Bks.? A young Dolomedes tenebrosus Hentz specimen. S sexpunctatus Hentz Pardosa sp.? young Pisaura undata Hentz Firata montanoides Bks. OXYOPIDE. Oxyopes salticus Hentz ATTID&. Phidippus audax Hentz Plexippus putnami Peck Phile@us militaris Hentz Dendryphantes octavus Hentz
Attus concolor nov. sp.—Length 35 mm., ceph. 15 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, eyes surrounded by black, eye-region blackish; abdomen mottled with gray and white; legs white, tips of joints and two rings on the femora blackish; base of palpus pale, last two joints dark; sternum gray; mandibles yellow, some golden hairs around anterior eyes. Cephalothorax widest a little behind dorsal eyes, eye-region a little wider behind than in front, dorsal eyes not much smaller than the lateral, eyes of second row a little nearer dorsal than lateral eyes. Anterior coxz separated by more than width of lip; fourth leg much the longest, i, ii and iii subequal, their joints short; metatarsus iv, spined to base. Abdomen
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _207
but little longer than cephalothorax and slightly broader. The epigynum consists of a shallow pear-shaped depression, in the anterior portion of which is a small hole connected by a line each side with two similar holes in the posterior portion.
One female. Epiblemum scenicum Clerk. Habrocestum cristatum Hentz Icius mitratus Hentz - cecatum Hentz. Marpiusa familiaris Hentz Synageles scorpiona Hentz Saitis pulex Hentz Synemosyna formica Hentz:
a’ Vv
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE TACHINID GENUS HETER- OPTERINA Macq. IN NORTH AMERICA. By D. W. CoguILLeTtT, Washington, D. C.
In the Annales Soc. Ent. de France for December, 1888, on page 262, Bigot describes a Tachinid under the name of Hefer- opterina spinulosa, which he credits to North America; this is the first record of the occurrence of this genus in our fauna, and in the Transactions Amer. Ent. Soc. for June, 1892, page 133, Townsend discredits this generic reference, stating that the species in question probably belongs to Plagia. There is a probability, however, that Bigot was correct. I have recently examined specimens collected by Dr. Nason, in northern I\linois, which ‘certainly belong to Heteropterina as defined by Brauer and Ber- ganstamm, Schiner and Rondani. The form is a very striking one, owing to the great distance intervening between the very oblique hind cross-vein and the hind margin of the wing, the last section of the fifth vein being longer than the penultimate section; the bend of the fourth vein is furnished with a spurious vein which almost equals the apical cross-vein in length. In Townsend's table of -Tachinid genera (I. c.) this genus would fall in couplet 46, but will be readily distinguished by the characters mentioned above. Judging from Bigot’s description, his species differs from the one now before me by its wholly black abdomen and legs, besides in being nearly twice as large. The present Species may be characterized as follows : :
Heteropterina nasoni n. sp. ¢’.—Head black, face and sides of front silvery white pollinose, frontal vitta grayish black, at its narrowest part less than one-fifth as wide as the front; frontal bristles descending nearly to middle of second antennal joint, the upper five in each row curving
208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; [ June, backward, the others decussate; the front pair-of ocellar bristles and the two pairs of orbital bristles directed forward; vibrisse inserted slightly
above the oral margin, only two or three bristles above each; pile on —
sidgs of face microscopic and very sparse ; cheeks scarcely one-fifth as
broad as the eye-height. Antennz three-fourths as long as the face, first —
two joints yellow, the third black and less than one and one-half times as long as the second joint; arista black, thickened on its basal third; proboscis three-fourths as long as height of head, black, the labella and palpi yellow. ‘Thorax black, gray pollinose, marked with three brownish vittae; three postsutural bristles; scutellum black, gray pollinose, a small discal and three long marginal-.pairs of..macrochete, the third pair decussate and not quite reaching the tips of the second pair. Abdomen yellowish, the extreme base and the greater portion of the fourth segment blackish; wholly gray pollinose except a transverse row of three shining
blackish spots on the hind end of each segment, those on the fourth seg-
ment sometimes coalescing; an opaque black: spot on the extreme sides of each segment except the first, sometimes wanting on the second; a marginal pair of macrochztz on each of the first three ‘segments, abehve- times wanting on the first, and a marginal row of eight on the fourth; hypopygium shining black, toward its apex yellowish, projecting one-third its height below the plane of the venter, its tip furnished with a stout black claw, which projects forward; underside of the fourth abdominal segment considerably swollen. Legs black, the front and middle tibize yellowish, hind ones not ciliate ; pulvilli about as long as the last tarsal joint. Wings grayish hyaline, veins brown, third vein bristly nearly to the small cross-vein, the others bare; calypteres white, halteres yellow. .
?.—Differs from the <j only as follows: front largely brassy yellow pollinose, extreme base of abdomen yellow, middle of second segment and nearly the whole of the two following ones blackish, all femora and tibiz yellow, pulvilli about one-third as long as the last tarsal joint; gene- talia not projecting. Length 3.6-4.3 mm.
Northern Illinois, four males and nine females collected ‘Sots July to September, 1894, by Dr. W. A. Nason, after whom I take great pleasure in naming this interesting species.
ERRATA.
Page 148, fifth line from top, for there vead them. ** 148, eighth line from top, for Ceoropia read Cecropia. ‘** 149, eleventh line from bottom, for Prunes read Prunus. ** 150, ninth line from top, for paper read pupa.
‘ENTOMOLOGICAL News for May, was mailed April 27, 1895.
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Synopsis of Hymenoptera of Apetice North ue Mexico. by E, T. Cresson. Part I, Families and Genera; Part II, Catalogue of Spe- cies and Bibliography, 1887. , 3.00 Cheek List of Lepidoptera of Boreal Am. ag Prof. |. B. Smith, tok 1.00 Horn (Dr. G. H.)—Revision of the ‘Tenebrionids of America North of
Mexico, 152 pp. 2 pl. 4to . : . 6.00 LeConte & Horn.—Rhynchophora of N. Abaeiiens ree eee 1876 - = 3.00 Scudder (S. H.)—The Life of a Butterfly, 182 pp., 4 pls... 1.00
Guide to Commoner Butterflies of North. U. S. and Canada, Be oe. 1.25 Banks (N.)—Synopsis, Catalogue and Bibliography of the ‘Neuropteroid
Insects of temperate N. Am.; 1892, 47 pp., cuts. 50 Calvert (P. P.)—Catalogue of Ousnats of Philadelphia, with interests
tion to the study of the group; 1893, 124 pp., 2 pls. F I.00_
Smith (J. B.)—Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Superfamily Noeiieas found in Boreal America (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893) 424 pp., 8vo. 2.50 — Descriptions of new genera and gate of a American) Noctu- ide; 1894, 50pp.,6pl. . . 75 Neumoegen and Dyar.—A prelithinaryor revision of the Lepidop-
terous family Notodontidz, 1894, 30 pp. vi . Ana they ; .50
Price-Lists of other entomological papers may be had on application, The above sent on receipt of price by
E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.
4 “J
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ii
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION,
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA,
- =e
VOL. VI. 5; SEPTEMBER, 1895. ° No. 7. CONTENTS:
Abbe Provancher........ 0. ..-2.0+--00- 209 | Editorial ....... neceeeceeseeecce coeees 224 Wickham—Insects of the Tortugas.... 210 | Notes and News.. ......-...-e.+e-e00 225 Ormonde—Names, scien. vs. common.. 212 | Entomological Literature ............. 228 Fenner—Arizona ants...........+2.+0 214 | Doings of Societies...............2.00. 235 Ottolengui—Types in the-Neumoegen Blaisdell—New California Coleoptera.. 235
RIPMOKHION 3. os wc odes sees necmanbenes™ 216 | Kellicott—Odonata, a note and a desc.. 239
King—Formicide of Lawrence, Mass. 220
L’ABBE PROVANCHER.
_ The late Abbé Provancher, whose picture we take pleasure in presenting to our readers in this number, was born in 1820, at Becancour, Quebec. His principal entomological work is the **Faune Entomologique du Canada,’’ in three volumes, embra- cing the Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. This was begun in 1874 and completed in 1890, and the enormity of the work will be better understood when we learn of the disadvantages at which the author was placed in being separated from necessary libraries, collections and co-workers in the field of Entomology. Notwithstanding these adverse condi- tions he bravely struggled on, and to-day his work stands as a monument to his assiduity. To be sure he made mistakes—we all do that—and has been criticised, perhaps too harshly, when the conditions he was obliged to face are considered. He con- ducted the journal, ‘‘ Le Naturaliste Canadien,” the publication of which was suspended, through lack of support, a short while previous to his death, after twenty volumes had appeared dating from 1869 to 1890. His labors were by no means restricted to Entomology, as he published a treatise on the Flora of Canada, treatises on agriculture and travels, and his last work was entitled, ‘‘ Les Mollusques de la Province de Quebec.” He died in 1892, aged seventy-two years.
210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
A NOTE ON THE INSECTS OF THE TORTUGAS. By H. F. Wickuam, Iowa City, Iowa.
The Tortugas Keys, or Dry Tortugas, as they are often called, are a cluster of low sandy islets lying fifty-four miles to the west- ward of Key West, and are practically on the southern limit of the domain of the United States. They rise from a bank of coral and coral sand about ten miles long northeast and southwest, and four or five miles in breadth. Barren in character, but little vegetation has obtained a foothold here excepting two or three species of bushes and such plants as have been set out by the few inhabitants who, in the capacity of government health officers or light-house employes, make these lonely little Keys their home. Some of the older trees were, however, planted by the garrison of Fort Jefferson during the time of the military usefulness of that now practically abandoned post.
But two of these islets are inhabited—Garden Key and Log- gerhead Key ; the former lies somewhat near the center of the group and is of some thirteen acres in extent most of which is enclosed by the walls of the fort, an immense and useless fortifi- cation once mounting scores of heavy guns, now rapidly going to decay and used only as a quarantine station against yellow fever posts. It was on account of quarantine regulations that the writer, in common with the other members of the ‘‘ Bahama Expedition’’ from the State University of Iowa, just from Cuba, made an enforced visit to this collecting ground which would scarcely be chosen as a productive field by any. entomologist in spite of the richness of the marine life in the vicinity.
What could one expect to find on these little sandy Keys lying such a distance from any large land area and dependent for their insect fauna upon the caprice of the wind, the drift of the Gulf stream or the accidental importations of man? Not much, certainly ; and not much was found in the few hours that could be devoted to search for entomological booty on the narrow beaches and scant flora. The few captures are recorded, how- ever, as a contribution to the knowledge of the fauna of a spot that has hitherto cut no figure in entomological literature.
Beginning on the 7th of June a few hours were spent each day in collecting, as opportunity offered for going ashore, until the 13th, and the scant list of beetles appended represents all that
|
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 211
could be accomplished by careful work along that line; the insects of other orders have not been fully identified, but were few in species and for the most part inconspicuous. A little Lyceenid was the only butterfly seen, while the only bee was Oxybelus emarginatus Say. The ants were represented by Cam- ponotus tortuganus’ Em., Tetramorium cespitum Linn., 7. guineense Fabr. and Pheidole megacephala Fabr. Among the Hemiptera we have M/urgantia histrionica Hahn., which was very common ‘in one or two spots, Chlorocoris loxopa Uhler, Gonia- notus marginipunctatus Wolff and Pangeus bilineatus Say. Only a few species of Orthoptera were found, none of which are yet identified. They are mostly immature individuals taken by beating, though one is an Acridiid of considerable size. The above identifications are the work of Messrs. Ashmead, Heide- mann and Pergande ; those of the beetles, which follow, are due to Dr. Horn, Mr. Schwarz and the writer, and the list includes all the species found, which, while few in number, represent
twenty families. They are:
Selenophorus pedicularius Dejean.
Homalota sp.
Cafius bistriatus Er.—Along the beach under sea-weed.
Cafius sericeus Holme (?).—With the preceding, less common.
Cafius (?) sp.—One specimen.
Bledius basalis ec.
Briaraxis depressa Brend.—Under rubbish on the beach. So far as known this is confined to these Keys.
Actinopteryx fucicola Allib.—Under sea-weed on beach. »
Psyllobora nana Muls.—Not uncommon on bushes; found also at Key West and in the West Indies.
Scymnus bivulnerus Horn.—With the preceding.
Symbiotes (2?) sp.—Found on the vessel while anchored here. Mr. Schwarz writes that it agrees well with descriptions and figures of S. pygmaeus.
Corticaria sp. indet.—Beaten from bushes, common through- out South Florida.
Saprinus ferrugineus Mars.—Very common under the cara- paces of two turtles which we laid out to dry.
Pseudebeus oblitus Lec.—Common on bushes on Loggerhead Key.
Necrobia rufipes Fabr.
212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
Petalium bistriatum Say.—Beaten from bushes with the next.
Catorama punctulata Lec.—Not common.
Ligyrus gtbbosus DeGeer.—A dead specimen was picked up on Loggerhead Key, another on Rush Key.
Elaphidion truncatum Hald.—A specimen agrees with Halde- man’s description except that the frontal line is quite distinct.
Blapstinus opacus Lec.—Common under boards and rubbish.
Phaleria longula Lec.—Very common, found by hundreds along the beach under sea-weed or dead animals.
Phaleria picipes Say.—With the preceding, but — less common.
Flymenorus convexus Casey.—Common, especially on Castor
Bean.
Oxacts sp. n.—A few taken from heads of sea-oats.
Xylophilus ventricosus Lec.
Artipus floridanus Horn.—Extremely common on bushes, also occurs over all southern Florida and in the Bahamas.
Cryptorhynchus sp —On the beach. .
Dryotribus mimeticus Horn.—Under stones or boards on the beach.
Macrancylus linearis Lec.—Under logs on beach, not rare.
A glance at the above list will show that these little islands have evidently derived their fauna from the same source as the coast of the mainland of southern Florida and the outlying Keys along the shore. Several of the species were taken also in the Bahamas and further attention to this matter will be given when the entire collections made by the writer in the British West Indies are worked up.
fa’
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NAMES,—SCIENTIFIC vs. COMMON.
By FREDERIC ORMONDE.
’
The question as to whether insects shall be determined by their scientific or their common names, has been a field for much discussion among entomologists and the entomological journals. Yet, the advocates of the system of common names do not appear to have gained much in return for their efforts. And why should they achieve favorable results when their only argu- ment in favor of this scheme rests in the assertion that descrip- tions would be more lucid and acceptable to the general reader
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 213
if the common or popular appellation were given in place of the more technical or scientific term.
Here I would ask: are the masses to be educated in ento- mology as a science, or is entomology to be given to the public as a subject, whose chief characteristics are to be recognized in mythical absurdities and superstitious vagaries ?
A species may have a popular name in one section and in another be known by one different from the first, and in yet another by one entirely distinct from either, and so on until we find one little insect laden with a very unique assortment. Were an entomologist to attempt to acquaint himself with all of them, with the intention of using them as a preface to his descriptions, he would undertake a task colossal in its magnitude, and one that would require vast folios in print.
Now, the simplest way out of such a confusing maze is to adhere to the scientific basis of nomenclature. Let each species be known by a scientific title. One with a plain and connected meaning that will stand forever, and everywhere, unless it be abolished in its own science, in its advancement. We find in several instances that a species is known by more than one scientific term. But as we advance those mistakes are very
’ quickly remedied, and are less apt to occur in the future. Pro-
viding we should, when we are of the opinion—finding that it does not correspond to such description as we have at hand— that we have made a new discovery, weigh well the matter, investigate thoroughly, instead of hastening to apprise the world that we have unearthed something new, and finding later that it was a mistake, that we had only argumented that burthen of confusion which we strive so hard to lighten.
It is very important that we should pause, be,sure we are right and then go ahead. To avoid possible confusion, let derivations be in strict accord with grammatical analogy. Classify in a learned language, for popular idioms are in a state of constant fluctuation. Classify according to a scientific basis, the practise of naming from persons who first describe should be avoided wholly and entirely.
Such a nomenclature, ought, I think, be discarded, as unbe- coming the gravity of men, who should treat their science as a Science and not descend to childish denominations. If a man’s works entitled him to it, his name will be handed down to pos- terity, an object of veneration and respect, without being hung to an insect. If not, ‘‘ aliena optimum fruit insania.”’
214 . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
ARIZONA ANTS. By Dr. H. W. FENNER, Tucson, Ariz.
No. 1. Pogonomyrmex rugosus Em. (var.).—Large and nu- merous nests, one large opening two to four inches in diameter on surface level, found none elevated; a disk was cleared around each nest from two to twelve feet in diameter; ants out very early in the morning and all in by sun down; do not close nests, but have a great many sentries just within the opening; ants busy carrying seeds. ;
No. 2. Pogonomyrmex californica Buckley.—Quite numerous -
through town; have one opening on surface level with excavated dirt all taken to one side. When disturbed all disappear within nest; out at work early in morning, all in nest at noon and out again in afternoon; close nest at night; are always busily engaged carrying seeds, the husks of which are afterwards thrown out. These ants, while in active motion, carry abdomen erect, at right angle (nearly) to the body.
No. 3.—-Have from one to three openings to nest, all observed were on surface level and surrounded by irregular rings of ex- cavated dirt; one to three columns of ants following certain roads working from each nest: observed one column for three weeks which, for the whole time, followed the same road to a fig tree.
No. 4. Pheidole megacephala Rog. (var.)
No. 5. Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Em. (var.).—Very small colonies, but quite numerous, easily alarmed; had to dig up nest in order to catch any. Have small mounds on one side of nest. Habits not observed.
No. 6. Aphenogaster pergandei Mayr.—Large colonies, single opening on surface level, excavated soil or gravel, irregularly around nest. Habits not noted.
No. 7. Aphenogaster sonore Perg.—Large colonies, nest very slightly elevated with two or three openings, from one to three inches in diameter; very irregular in outline; observed some colonies where there seemed to be no elevation to nest. Ants occupied in gathering seeds and pieces of grass.
Nos. 8 and 9. Pheidole near jabricatus Em.—Evidently major —
and minor; very small nests and colonies; worked in columns. The major very slow and sluggish; minor active and belligerent. No. 11. Pogonomyrmex californica Buckley.—Small colonies
i SS ——-
1895.| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; 215
and nests; carries abdomen erect, same as No. 2, and, except in size, nest appears about same as No. 2. Habits not observed. No. 12. Cremastogaster sp.—Nest raised about five inches in
‘diameter, around root of small bush, very easily alarmed and
hard to catch. Habits not observed.
No. 13. Aphenogaster sonore Perg.—The large ants in box were found always single, and were picked up in various places, and at different times; all other ants seemed to be very anxious to capture them from the largest to the smallest; one of the large ants had small ones attached to her legs, and the large ones also pulling her along (all of which I have left in the box).
No. 14.—Small crater nest, very much resembles No. 1, and were in same vicinity, only I observed them close up for the night at 5 P. M. ;
No. 15. Aphenogaster sonore Perg.—Very large colonies, nests occasionally slightly elevated, but some appear to be even depressed, from one to four very large openings, three or four inches in diameter. Ants very active and belligerent: Habits not observed, do not close up at night.
No. 16 Aéta versicolor Perg. var.—Crater nests in sandy places; nest very regular and beautifully made as to external ap- pearance, often four or five close together. Habits not observed.
No. 17. Pheidole megacephala Rag. var.—Large colony, nest under a board, travel in columns when a supply of food is found;
_ after a rain many were busy trying to pull winged ones to nest.
Nos. 18, 19, 20. Pheidole sp., probably same as No. 9.—Col- lected after a rain; unable to place them as to nest, etc.
No. 21. Atta versicolor Perg. var.—Large colonies, opening on surface level; at 5 A.M. observed two columns of ants going to two small bushes, cutting off the leaves and carrying same to nest; outside of nest was quite a quantity of old leaves of same variety; at 8 A. M. nest was closed, and all had ceased work and were in nest; at 4 P.M. same. Next morning the two bushes were nearly cleaned from all leaves examined and found them all covered with some sweetish, sticky substance (a few of leaves enclosed in box). In order to catch a few specimens had to dig in a portion of the nest, when J found that at least one-third of
the ants had no abdomens, both of the large and small ones. Those without abdomens appeared just as active as the others, and imme-
diately commenced work with the others to repair nest. Did not
216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. —_ [September,
have time or tools to dig deeply in nest for further observation, but when at work, early in the morning, all of those outside had abdomens.
No. 22.—Unable to find nest; they were quite numerous on ground and quite active.
No. 23. Solenopsis geminata Fab.—Very small, slightly ele- vated nests; ants traveling in columns.
No. 24. Myrmica sp.—Could not find nest.
No. 25. Myrmecocystus semirufus Em.—Nest hard to find, only observed two, which were simply round holes in ground with no evidences of excavations on outside; one hole was about - one-half inch in diameter and the other three-fourths inches: The ants were extremely active, and, not being belligerent, were extremely hard to capture. Habjts not noted.
No. 27. Cremastogaster brevispinose Mayr. var.—Large colo- nies; one nest observed under root of cottonwood tree; immense numbers of ants traveling in columns in many directions, but | sluggish and slow in movements.
No. 28. Myrmecocystus mexicanus Slave (var.)—Small, raised nests; ants very active. Habits not observed.
No. 29. Pogonomyrmex californica Buckley.—Habits and nests exactly like No. 2, and appear to me to be the same, except, possibly, a lighter color, and these were very willing to fight, and No. 2 would not.
o~--—
TYPES IN THE NEUMOEGEN COLLECTION.—I. WITH A FEW NOTES THEREON.
By Dr. RoDRIGUES OTTOLENGUI.
The death of Mr. Berthold Neumoegen having ended his life work on his great collection, and’the final disposition of it being yet in doubt, I have conceived that it might be of interest to entomologists, to prepare the following list of the ‘‘ type speci- mens’’ contained in his cabinets. Where a sexual sign, or signs, appear after a name, it means that such specimens carry the ‘“type”’ label. Signs in parenthesis () indicate that such addi- tional representatives of the species are in the collection, and the absence of such signs means that there are no specimens except: the type, or types. i
I have also appended notes which seem interesting, a few of
ee
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 217
which depend upon manuscript left by Mr. Neumoegen. The types reported here are certainly present, and labeled ‘‘type,”’ as I have personally seen them. It is possible, however, in look- ing through so many cases filled with insects, that I have over- looked a few, though this is not likely. Asa tribute to conscien- tious collecting, I have appended the names Morrison or Doll, where either of these two fine hunters have taken new species.
NYMPHALID. Danais archippus var. fumosus 2 Hulst. Long Island.
This was presented to Mr. Neumoegen by Dr. Hulst, and Mr. Neumoegen considered it merely a specimen stained by cyanide. But I have three specimens sent to me from Denver, Col., which were not killed with cyanide, having been captured by an amateur.
_Argynnis liliana ab. baronti 3 Edw. California.
Argynnis atossa 2° Edw. Southern California. Melitza nympha 3 (32 2) Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Meliteaa perse 3 (322) Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Melitea perse var. suffusa 3 Edw. Arizona, Morrison.
Melitea chara 3 (3.22) Edw. Arizona, Morrison.
Melitza pheion ab. phethusa § Hulst. Long Island. Limenitis weidermeyerii ab. ‘sine-fascia Q Edw. Arizona, Doll. Anza morrisoniit § Edw. Arizona, Morrison.
LYCANID. Chrysophanus hypophieas var. fulliolus 3 Hulst. Long Island. The red of the primaries is 1eplaced by yellowish. I should consider this an aberration rather than a variety.
PAPILIONIDE.
Catopsila satira var. floridensis 3. Q Neum. Florida. Catopsila argante var. maxima 32 Neum. Florida. Parnassius smintheus var. nanus § Q Neum. British Columbia. Papilio rutulus var. arizonénsis §Q Edw. Arizona, Doll.
Mr. Doll, near Prescott, Ariz., found a number of Papilio larve: feeding on ash. He tied a bag over the limb of the tree and returned five weeks later, when he collected the pupz. They
_proved to be mainly Papilio daunus, but among the imagines
were a few of this rich variety of rataulus.
HESPERID&. Copeodes myrtis 3 (32) Edw. Tucson, Ariz., Doll. Pamphila lasus 3 Edw. Arizona, Morrison.
218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, —
Pamphila bellus 3 Edw. Arizona, Morrison. : Pamphila lunus 3 Q Edw. Arizona, Morrison, . : Pamphila cestus § Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Amblyscirtes cassus 3 (2) Edw. Arizona, Doll. Amblyscirtes nanno 3 (2) Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Amblyscirtes celia § Skinner. Texas.
Recently presented by Dr. Skinner. *
Nisoniades afranius 3 (2) Edw. Arizona, Morrison.
This ‘‘type’’ label is in handwriting of Mr. Edwards, yet in Smith’s Check List the name is credited to Lintner. Nisoniades tatius § Edw. Arizona, Morrison. . : Nisoniades clitus 3 (3'2.2) Edw. Arizona, Morrison. ve Pholisora elis § Edw. Arizona, Morrison.
Eudamus hippalus J (8\2 2) Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Eudamus drusius § Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Eudamus outis 3 (2) Skinner. Texas. .
This pair recently presented by Dr. Skinner.
Megathymus neumoegenti $2 2 Edw. Arizona, Doll.
About ten miles from Prescott, Ariz., Mr. Doll noticed a rocky cliff rising sheer from the roadside, and high up on its side some butterflies dancing about. He climbed slowly up, about thirty feet, and captured a specimen in his net, only to find its wings utterly despoiled when he took it from his net upon descending. On the following day he revisited the spot, having arranged a heavy pad of cloth about the neck of a killing bottle, so that it would not be broken when suddenly pressed against the rock. Slowly he climbed up the sides of the cliff, and after two hours’ hard work had ‘‘ bottled’’ seven specimens of this beautiful spe- cies, which were sitting on the bare rocks, but oh, so shy!”
, SPHINGIDA.
Lepisesia circe 3 Hy. Edw. Georgia. Dilophonota festa 3 Hy. Edw. Texas.
Sphinx separatus 32 (32) Neum. New Mexico. 4 Sphinx elsa 3 2 Strecker. Arizona, Doll. Sphinx dolli § Neum. Arizona, Doll.
SESIID. Larunda solituda* 3 Hy. Edw. Texas. Larunda palmi 2 (f'Q) Neum. Arizona. Alcathe caudatum var. walkeri 3’ Neum. Long Island.
* Species thus marked also appear in the Edwards collection, American Mus. Nat. Hist., Central Park, New York, the tyfes having been divided.—Ottolengui.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 219
Trochilium minimum 3 Neum. Colorado. | Trochilium californicum 2 Neum. California. Sciapteron cupressi 2 (32) Hy. Edw. Colorado. Sciapteron seminole 2 Neum. Florida.
Sciapteron castaneum 9 Hy. Edw. Texas.
Sciapteron precedens 3 Hy. Edw. North Carolina. Sciapteron scepsiformis 3 (3'2) Hy. Edw. Texas. Sciapteron dolli § Neum. New Jersey, Doll.
The type @ is in the Doll collection. Albuna vitrina 3 Neum. Fort Calgary, British Columbia. Sannina exritiosa var. luminosa 3’ Neum. Long Island, Doll. A type 8 is in the Doll collection.
Sesia prestans § Hy. Edw. Washington.
Sesia bollii 3’ Hy. Edw. Texas.
Sesia perplexa 3' Hy. Edw. Texas.
*Sesia impropria Hy. Edw. Washington.
*Sesia sexfasciata 2 (f'2) Hy. Edw. Texas.
Sesia imitata 3 (f'2) Hy. Edw. New Jersey.
Sesia morula 3 Hy. Edw. Texas.
*Sesia koebelei J’ Hy. Edw. Arizona.
*Sesia hemizone 2 Hy. Edw. Nevada.
*Sesia opalescens 3 (3'3') Hy. Edw. Nevada.
*Sesia madarie § Hy. Edw. California.
Sesia candescens 3’ Hy. Edw. California.
Sesia nicotiane 3 (2) Hy. Edw. Texas.
Sesia tecta 3 ($2) Hy. Edw. Arizona, Doll.
* Pyrrhotenia animosa § 2 Hy. Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Pyrrhotenia texana § (3\2) Hy. Edw. Texas. Pyrrhotenia subarea 3 Hy. Edw. Arizona, Morrison. *Carmenta aureopurpurea 3 (32) Hy. Edw. Texas.
THYRID. Plathyris granulata 2 Neum. Arizona.
AGARISTIDE. Alypia hudsonica 2 (¢ 2) Hy. Edw.
A note left by Mr. Neumoegen says that this species is a syn- onym of A. sacramenti G. and R., and also of A. langtonz. Another note declares that 4. gractleuta Graef is a synonym of A, octomaculata, whilst Dr. Charles McKnight has expressed the Opinion to me that 4. matuta Hy. Edw. is also identical with octomaculata. Another note by Mr. Neumoegen asks whether A. maccullochii is not the same as A. lorguznit, a query which I should answer affirmatively. Evidently this genus needs studious revision.
220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
Alypia desparata 3\ Hy. Edw. Mexico.
This species is not in Smith’s Check List, but Mr. Doll has specimens from Texas. From the shape of the wings I should say that it is not an Alypia.
Edwardsia brillians 2 Neum. Texas. This insect is an important one, standing as the type both of genus and species, and being, as far as I know, unique.
SYNTOMIDE. Lycomorpha latercula 3 (3'\3') Hy. Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Lycomorpha constans var. sancta 32 Neum. and Dyar,
This is a Tripocris.
PYROMORPHIDZ. Pyromorpha fusca 3 (3\2) Hy. Edw. Arizona, Morrison. Pyromorpha rata J (32) Hy. Edw. Arizona, Morrison.
NYCTEOLID. *Earias obliguata 3' Hy. Edw. Texas. LITHOSIID.
Hyproprepia inculta 3 (3'8Q2Q) Hy. Edw. Type from Arizona. flyproprepia miniata var. subornata 3\Q Neum. and Dyar. Texas.
This insect was described under the above name in ‘‘ Canadian Entomologist,’’ vol. xxv, p. 124, and it is written swdornata in Mr. Neumoegen’s Check List, but it is labeled zxornaza, evidently an error, but worth noting, as it is on the type.
Bruceia pulverina JQ Neum. Colorado. These are types of the genus as well as of the species.
(To be continued. )
oO
TNE STUDY OF THE FORMICIDA OF LAWRENCE, MASS. By GreorGE B. KING.
All of the following species were found in a circle, the radius of which was five miles:
Camponotus pennsylvanicus DeGeer.—Living in old pine stumps and one colony was found at the roots of a living hard pine tree. Not a very common species.
Camponotus americanus Mayr.—Living under stones, a small number of an undetermined species of Lastus was found with them; there was also a large colony of 7ermes flavipes, anda
: eR a a ‘
ve
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 221
very large colony of Solenopsis debilis in the nest with them ; this is not a very common ant here. I also find with them a mite Gamasus sp. L., parasitic upon this ant.
Camponotus pictus Forel.—Living in a decayed hard pine stump, avery large colony July 8th. They were winged specimens at this time, with cocoons and larve of various stages of develop- ment ; this is quite a common species.
Camponotus castaneus, var. americanus.—Lives under stones. I have as yet only found one colony. This one! found April 28, 1894, the males and females having wings; they must have hi-
bernated in this state through the Winter.
Camponotus sp. hybernating under the bark of dead pine trees, March 18, 1894.
Formica fuscata.—Living under stones; is quite a common species. I have found some very pretty mites with them, which are as yet undetermined ; two different species of Coleoptera are found with them—A/apstinus mestus and Megilla maculata. This last species was of a very much faded color, quite small, and had a very peculiar deformity of the right elytron, it being nearly a sixteenth of aninch shorter than the left one, also the center
_ row of spots does not unite properly, being drawn out of shape in
proportion to the shortness of the elytra. This same colony of ants had three Zermes flavipes with them.
Formica obscuripes Forel var.—Living in mounds and under stones, and is not very common. I find two different species of mites upon this ant. A species of Gamasus, and the other a Uropoda sp. 1 have not been able as yet to locate where the Gamasus species attacked the ants, but the Uvofoda species fasten itself invariably to the intermediate pair of legs at the base of the tarsal joint at the tibia.
Formica exsectoides Forel.— Living in mounds; not common.
Formica nitidiventris Em.—Living under stones, a very com- mon species with one colony. . I found living with them at one side of their nest Prenolepis parvula, males and females were winged, May 4, 1894... A Gamasus and Uropoda sp. of mites were on these ants.
Formica nitidiventris Em. var.—Lives under stones, and is quite common, and is parasited with Uropfoda mites.
Formica subsericeus Say.—Living in mounds and under stones. Uropoda mite is on this ant quite commonly.
222. ENTOMCLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
Formica pallida fulva, var. of nitidiventris. Uropoda and another undetermined mite are found on these ants; not very common.
Formica neogates Em.—Lives under stones, and is not common.
Formica integra Ny|.—Luives under stones, not common.
Formica sp.—Not a common species, and have upon them an undetermined mite. .
Lasius niger.—Lives under stones, very common.
Lasius neoniger Em.—Lives under stones, very common ; in | one of their nests I found a larva of Galerita sp. It was in a small hole by itself; the mite Uvopoda sp. is found on this ant. ~
Lastus interjectus Neyr.—Lives under stones, very common. — Solenopsis debilis lives at one side of the nest with them.
Lasius claviger Rog.—Lives under stones, very common. Solenopsis debilis lives at one side of the nest with them ; they had with them, May 24, 1894, two different species, of Aphids, a species of Forda, and a mealey bug of Westwoodia, in large F numbers; this ant is also parasited with the Gamasus sp. 4
Lastus species undetermined, found under stones with Campo- notus americanus ; very rare.
Lasius species not determined, found under stones occasionally, parasitized by Gamasus species.
Aphenogaster fulva Rog.—Lives under stones, not very com- mon. Tapinoma sessile. found living upon the upper outside edge of a robin’s nest upon an apple tree, ten feet from the ground. The nest had three eggs in it at the time, and must have been an old nest, because there were nearly full-grown larve of the ants at this time, July 8, 1894. Itis also found occasionally under stones.
Cremastogaster lineolata Say.—Lives under stones and very common; also found in stumps and under wood piles, and in bark of pine trees. I found one nest ‘under a large cord wood stick in the woods; this colony-had six live shells of Zonztes : arboreus Say. The ants were all collected around them appar- ently feeding from the slimy substance produced. by the snails in the shells. I have also found some of the empty shells of Vad- tonia pulchella nule with this ant.
Prenolepis parvula Mayr.—Living under stones, a common species; a mite Uropoda was found on this ant.
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1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 223
Solenopsis debilis Mayr.—Living under stones most of the time with other ants, and at one side of their nest, and have their
-own roads and galleries. I have a small undetermined mite
which is parasitic upon the larva of this ant. It fastens itself to the larva midway between the thorax and abdomen, and can only be determined there by the use of a lens, it is so near the color of the ant’s larva.
Solenopsis debilis Mayr. var. is met with occasionally ; has same habit of living at one side of nest with other species of ants.
In the determination of the above species of this group I am indebted to Mr. L. O. Howard, Mr. Theo. Pergande and Mr. C. L. Marlatt, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D. C., and to the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. In the study of the American Formicide, the American student has many difficulties to encounter, one of which is suitable literature giving the descriptions of the species already found, which seems to be very hard to obtain, most of the literature in this line being either French or German. In studying the literature of this group I have found but very few descriptions sufficiently explicit to enable one to determine the species described. I have now over two hundred and fifty cards in my catalogue of American and English literature, pertaining to Formicide. I have still more ants of this dis- trict that are not yet determined, and in all probability will find more as I continue the search. So far as I have con- sulted the literature on ants, | find but two writers that mention anything upon mites being found with ants. The first one is by Asa Fitch, his First and Second Report of the Noxious Insects of New York, page 153, and the other is that of H.C. McCook, on the honey ants, page 68, and a third, which I quote from memory, by Lubbock, where he speaks of the intelligence of ants. My intention is to make a catalogue, as complete as I can, of the literature pertaining to our American Formicide and their hosts.
Termes flavipes is a very plentiful species in the locality in which I have been studying. I should say that there are nearly athousand 7Zermes nests in stumps, railroad ties and under stones, but I have not as yet heard of any material damage done by them, but I am of the opinion that if their progress is not checked by the aid of some of our Economic Entomologists, serious results will surely follow, and that in the near future.
224 [September,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS,
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1,20.
ges~ All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., SEPTEMBER, 1895.
ALTHOUGH this number of the News comes out in September, the work of preparing it comes during the heated term and while our ento- mological friends are having a good time with net and bottle we are labor- ing in their behalf. Now is the time of year when we look over the col- lecting boxes of our friends to see what interesting captures they have made, or are getting our own material into shape to arrange for exchanges during the cold weather, which we hope may add many a fine species to the cabinet. The sources of pleasure to the insect hunter are numberless and without season; every time of year has its pleasures and advantages. Now is also the time when the larve rearing period is running into the time when we look for cocoons and pupa, even if there are a few more leaves on the ground than in the Spring. We hope you all have a large amount of good material to go over and put into good condition either for the cabinet or for exchanges, and also that all have profited from their open-air exercise taken in their favorite pursuit. The benefits of the study of entomology are many, and all do not appear on the surface. A day spent with Nature is always well spent and cannot fail to bring a re- turn, even if it is only by renewed vigor, from the influence of fresh air
and sunshine.
Pictures for the album of the American Entomological Society have been received from W. H. Patton, F. Rauterberg, Henry Shimer, M.D., H. K. Burrison, John Hamilton, M.D., George R. Pilate, H. C, Fall, C. S. McKnight, M.D., J. M. Aldrich. We have room for more.
1895. | é ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 225
Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy”’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five ‘“ extras’ without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep.
Tue Associate Editor of the News, Dr. P. P. Calvert, is studying abroad, and expects to be away about a year.
W. E. GLapsTone recently remarked: ‘‘I think that the neglect of natural history, in all its mult:tude of branches, was the grossest defect of our old system of training for the young.”
MELEOMA SIGNORETTI Fitch.—This curious lace-wing fly has not been recorded since Fitch described it; and no other species of the genus are known. Mrs. A. T. Slosson has lately sent me two specimens of it from Mt. Washington, N. H.—N. BANKs.
Tue SECOND NuMBER of the “ Transactions’’ of the American Ento- mological Society for 1895, contains the following papers: Studies in Coccinellidze, by G. H. Horn, M.D.; Notes on Bees, with descriptions of new species, by Chas. Robertson; The Crabroninz of Boreal America, by Wm. J. Fox. The third number, now in press, will contain the fol- lowing papers: A Review of the Stratiomyia and Odontomyia of North America, by C. W. Johnson; The Species of Dineutes of America, north of Mexico, by C. H. Roberts; Descriptions of new Hymenoptera, by T. D. A. Cockerell; On the Larve of some Nematoid and other Saw-flies from the Northern Atlantic States, by Harrison G. Dyar; New Neurop- teroid Insects, by Nathan Banks.
THE GLow Worm’s Licut.—A contemporary mentions that photo- graphs have before now been produced by the light from glow worms; in the examination of a particular insect, Photinus coruscus, which emits luminous rays, A. F. Miller has shown that the specimens examined did not seem to give out any blue or violet light, thus supporting Prof. S. P. Langley’s conclusion that Nature produces the most economical kind of light, which may be supposed to mean that, as the insect has no need for photographic light, it does not produce it. It is, however, to be stated that photographic experiments have not been tried with this Photinus, so far as we are aware.— Newspaper.
fed
226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. __ [September,
THE BUTTERFLIES’ FAD. ELLA WHEELER WILCOx.
I happened one night in my travels To stray into Butterfly Vale,
Where my wondering eyes beheld butterflies With wings that were wide as a sail.
They lived in such houses of grandeur, Their days were successions of joys,
And the very last fad these butterflies had Was making collections of boys.
There were boys of all sizes and ages Pinned up on their walls. When I said Twas a terrible sight to see boys in that plight, I was answered: ‘‘ Oh, well, they are dead.” We catch them alive, but we kill them With ether—a very nice way, Just look at this fellow—his hair is so yellow, And his eyes such a beautiful gray.
“Then there is a droll little darkey As black as the clay at our feet, He sets off that blonde that is pinned just beyond In a way most artistic and neat. And now let me show you the latest,— A specimen really select, A boy with a head that is carroty red And a face that is funnily specked.
‘* We cannot decide where to place him, Those spots bar him out of each class, We think him a treasure to study at leisure, ’ And analize under a glass.”’ I seemed to grow cold as I listened To the words that these butterflies spoke ; With fear overcome, I was speechless and dumb, And then with a start—I awoke ! Our Dumb Animais.
On May 19 I took a collecting trip to Eagle Rock, Orange Mountains, N. J., at which place there is a rail fence built along the road, on which, for the last two years, I have taken some different kinds of beetles, hiding in the joints, and in looking for these I took notice of some bore holes which I took for the work of Scolytus or Buprestidz, but it gave me quite a surprise on this trip to find Magda/is barbita emerging from holes in a shellbark hickory post. The first one I thought nothing of, but after find- ing four more specimens in the same manner I made note of it, as it may
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1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 227
be something new to collectors. At the same time I would like to make a few remarks about finding Dice/us purpuratus, of which I took one this trip. I have at different times taken seven or eight, but never more than one specimen on a collecting trip. Last year I went collecting in the same locality for three successive trips and took one each time; all of these I found under very large stones, which I was hardly able to turn, and the rest I found under small bits of bark, hardly large enough to cover the beetle, and in every instance they were alone. I have taken D. elongatus, D. dilatatus and D. teter, and have always taken these in numbers. Now, how is it that I was unable to take more than one ata .time of D. purpuratus? Would like to hear from some collector with more experience than I have.—Epwin A. BiscHorF, Newark, N. J.
On a bright day near the end of July, 1893, a friend of mine, who is also an entomologist, came after me to go on a collecting trip with him to search for Lepidoptera larve in a cemetery near Brooklyn, N. Y. We succeeded well with larva of Smerinthus and Eacles imperialis. On our way home we passed a lilac and the gravel underneath showed droppings; we soon located the eaten leaves and found the peculiar larva of Harrist- memna sex-guttata shaking its head from side to side; the inch long hair on the head with the remains of the old skin on the end give them a strange appearance. This larva is not very common in this locality, and feeds on various plants, such as button-ball, inkberry and rose. I tried to locate another one in the vicinity when my friend called my attention to several defoliated branches on another lilac bush and a fine full-grown larva of Citheronia regalis had to wander into the satchel. This was our first knowledge of this species feeding on the lilac bush. On button bush they have been found by several collectors, but most. have been taken from walnut, hickory, gum, persimmon, Oriental plane, etc. In 1893 I © found, among fifty Dodba hylzus, that I had two larve which were black marked on their triangular heads. A scale fungus killed them along with half of my Ay/eus. In June, 1894, while collecting for larve and eggs of hyleus on Jlax (inkberry) I found four much paler eggs which I kept separated from the rest and they turned out four black heads and two of them emerged as imago of Sphina kalmiaz, and two are yet chrys- alids. I have never seen //ax reported as a food-plant of this species. / I took a hundred geometrid-like larvz on sweet-fern. They were resting on the tdp branches and were hard to see in the bright sunshine; the larger were more like the stem in color, but much spotted lower against the stem; none were near the ground. They turned out to be the jet- black Catocala antinympha. | failed to preserve some larve, and learned, later from Dr. G. D. Hulst, that the larve had not yet been described. Catocala were quite common in July, 1894, but scarce in August. In one day I took forty-eight specimens with the cyanide bottle. Previous years I had difficulty in finding them, but now being acquainted with their habits and hiding places I have more success. They change their resting places several times a day, and in damp weather it is best to look for them near
i Tella al
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228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (September,
the ground. Some trees seem to havea special attraction for thein, such -
as dog-wood, or trees covered with vines or loose bark or moss. When I failed to find them in one locality I went to one or two others where some sort of attraction or other made them assemble here or there. As birds and bats (not to speak of squirrels) prey greatly on Catoca/e, as the numerous remains indicate, it may be variable winds direct their enemies to them and cause them to change their locality—HERMAN MEESKE, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
Entomological Literature.
RAMBLES IN ALPINE VALLEys. By J. W. Tutt, F. E. S., editor of the ‘‘Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation,”’ vice-president of the City of London Entomological and Natural History Society, etc. This is an illustrated work of one hundred and eighty-eight pages, published by Swan, Sonnenschen & Co., London. ‘‘The book deals with the Italian side of the Mont Blanc Range, a locality that deserves to be better known,
than it appears to be, to visitors to the Alps. No attempt has been made — to go deeply into scientific technicalities, but I have tried to explain as —
simply and Clearly as possible the scientific bearings of some of the many facts which came under my notice during a holiday spent in that region.” This book treats of the beauties of Nature in its various phases: the
glorious mountains, the beautiful valleys, the rushing streams, and, in .
addition, the more animate part of Nature. Many interesting facts are brought out and dwelt upon in relation to the flora and fauna. The ento- mologist will find much of interest about his or her favorites, and we can heartily recommend Mr. Tutt’s book. It breathes the spirit of Nature’s poetry in prose, and such books do much to stimulate the study of all that is lovely in Nature.—H. S.
1. ANNALES AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HIstTory, sixth series, No. 89.—On the specimens of the genus Cuéiterebra and its allies (family Oestridz) in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of a new genus and three new species, E. E. Austen (with pl. xiii). Descrip- tions of new Coleoptera from New Zealand, Thos. Broun. On the Cis-
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1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 229
telidze and other heteromerous species of Japan, G. Lewis. Note on the genus Goniopleura Westwood, with the description of a new species, C. J. Gahan. Description of a new species of butterfly from Taganac Island, northeast Borneo, H. G. Smith. —-No. 90.—Insects collected by Messrs. J. J. Quelch and F. McConnell on the summit of Mount Roraima, C. Waterhouse. Observations on the supposed semi-aquatic Phasmid, Cotylosoma dipneusticum, W.-M., C. Waterhouse.-——-No. 91.—Some new species of Odonata of the ‘‘ Legion” Zes¢es, with notes, Robert McLachlan. Note on the Japanese Rhipidoceridze; a new genus and species, G. Lewis. Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera from tropical America, Herbert Druce. On some Coccidz obtained by Mr. C. A. Barber in the island of Antigua, W. 1., T. D. A. Cockerell. New bees of the genus Hadictus from New Mexico, U.S. A., T. D. A. Cockerell. On the Dascillidz and malacoderm Coleoptera of Japan, G. Lewis. Description of a new species of butterfly of the genus Amauris obtained by Mr. Scott Elliot in East Central Africa, A. G. Butler.
2. THE Entomo.ocist. London, May, 1895.—Hmmelesia teniata (with illustration), J. B. Hodgkinson. On the causes of variation and aberration in the imago stage of butterflies, with suggestions on the es- tablishment of new species, Dr. M. Standfuss. Rhopalocera in the Guild- ford District, W. Grover. African Rhopalocera, Philip dela Garde. A catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland, W. F. deV. Kane.——June—On the re-arrangement of the Fabrician genus Co/ias, and the proposal of a new genus of Pierinze, J. Watson. Notes on Onthophagus Latr., with corrections of nomenclature and a description of a new genus, J. W. Shipp.
3. Le NaturALisTeE. Paris, No. 196.—Description of new Coleoptera, M. Pic.—Nos. 198, 199.—Monographic essay on the Coleoptera of the genera Pseudolucanus and Lucanus, M. Planet.
4. BULLETIN DU MUSEUM D’HIsToIrRE NATURELLE. Paris, 1895, No. 3.—The Homalosoma, Carabide of the tribe Feronini, J. Kiinckel d’ Herculais. Note on Homoptera of the genus /Va¢ordes Guérin, C. Brong- niart. On the Arachnida collected in Lower California by M. Diguet, E. Simon. Description of new, Coleopteron of a the family Tenebrionidze (Centorus bedeli n. s.), P. Lesne. Origin and formation of the false stig- mata in the Nepidz (Hemiptera), M. J. Martin.
5. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE IMPERIALE DES NATURALISTES DE Mos- cou, 1893, No. 3.—Two new Aphids from south Russia, N. Cholodkovsky.
6. Le NATURALISTE CANADIEN, xxii, No. 5 (May, 1895).—Lepidoptera of Sherbrooke and neighborhood of that city, P. A. Bégin. The last descriptions of L’ Abbe Provancher.
7. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (2), iv, part 2.—The Odonata of Baja California, P. P. Calvert. On the Diptera of Baja California, including some species from adjacent region, C. H.
Tyler Townsend.
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230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Septeniber,
8. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ZOOLOGIE. Leipzig, lix, 2, 1895.—On the amitotic nuclear division in the ovaries of Hemiptera, F. Preusse.——lix, 3.—Contributions to the knowledge of the developmental history of the scorpions, II, A. Brauer. Contributions to the knowledge of the lower Myriapoda, P. Schmidt.
g. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, iii, No. 4.—Some important structural characters in the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera, W, H. Ashmead. On the genus Pedacinedla Westwood, . . . ibid. On the genus Barycnemis Foerster, ibid. Lasi- ognatha, a new and remarkable genus in the Ichneumonide, ibid. Dis- covery of the genus Z/7asmosoma Ruthe in America, ibid. A leaf beetle of the golden rod, F. H. Chittenden. On the nesting habits of the digger wasp, Bembex cinerea, D. W. Coquillett. Obituary notice of Dr. Geo. Marx, L. O. Howard. Notes on the geographical distribution within the United States of certain insects injuring cultivated crops, ibid. Arrheno- phagus in America, ibid. Further notes on the Codling Moth, C. L. Marlatt. The American species of Scolioneura Knw., ibid. The hemip- terous mouth, ibid. The hibernation of Nematids, and its bearing on the inquilinous species, ibid. Notes from California, results of Mr. Kae- bele’s second mission to Australia, C. V. Riley. On oviposition in the Cynipide, ibid. List of the entomological writings of George Marx. Notes on Vomaretus,.. . ibid. Notes on the distribution of some inju- rious insects, F. H. Webster.
10. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L’ ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, t. cxx No. 18.—Comparative study of the odorif- erous apparatus in the different groups of Hemiptera Heteroptera, Kunckel d’Herculais.——No. 19.—On the brown pigment in the elytra of Curculio cupreus, M. A. B. Griffiths.
11. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY AND NATURAL SciENcE. Bath, January, 1895.—Predacious [sic] and parasitic enemies of Aphides (including a study of hyper-parasites), pt. 2, H. C. A. Vine.
12. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF [owa, III, 3.—On the larvz of three Cole- optera, H. F. Wickham. Nicaraguan Orthoptera, Lawrence Bruner.
13. BiloLoGiA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, Part cxxi, March, 1895.—Arach- nida-Araneidea, pl. 17, O. P. Cambridge. Coleoptera, pp. 313-336, G. C. Champion. Hymenoptera, pp. 345-360, P. Cameron. Lepidoptera- Rhopalocera, pp. 385-400, pl. 85, F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Lepid- optera-Heterocera, pp. 185-200, H. Druce. Rhynchota-Homoptera, pls. 4, 5, W. W. Fowler. :
14. CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION (Ent. Div.), Bulletin No. 93, May, 1895.—The cigar-case bearer in western New York, M. V. Slingerland.
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1895.| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 231
15. KNOWLEDGE, xviii, No. 116. London, June, 1895.—The colors of butterflies, C. F. Marshall.
16. ICONES ORNITHOPTERORUM, R. H. F. Rippon, pts. 6, 7. London (received June 4, 1895).
17. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipzig, No. 476.—Aphorisms on the biology, morphology, arrangement of genera and species of the Diplo- poda, C. Verhoeff.——No. 477.—On the phylogeny of the Lepidoptera, A. S. Packard.— No. 478.—The bleeding of the Coccinellide, K. G. Lutz.
18. VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOL.-BOT. GESELLSCHAFT IN WIEN, xlv, 4 heft.—The ant and termite guests of Brazil, E. Wasmann, part 1, with an appendix by A. Forel. *
19. Monocrapu of the Pseudophyllidz, by C. Brunner von Wattenwyl, Wien, 1895; text in 8vo., pls. 4to. :
20. BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, xxxvii, I. —Spermatogenesis of Calopterus femur-rubrum and Cicada tibicen, E. V. Willcox.
21. AMERICAN NATuRALIST. Philadelphia, June, 1895.—The mouth- parts of Lepidoptera, V. L. Kellogg.
22. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1895, part 2.—Contributions to a knowledge of the African phytophagous Coleoptera, pt. 1, M. Jacoby. On some new species of butterflies from tropical and extra tropical South Africa, R. Trimen. Notes on Indian ants, G. A. J. Rothney. On the heteromerous Coleoptera collected in Australia and Tasmania by James J. Walker, . . . with descriptions of new genera and species, G. C. Champion. Descriptions of new Heter- ocera from India, G. F.. Hampson.
23. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, June, 1895.—The insect fauna of the Sudbury District, Ontario, J. D. Evans. Notes on collecting, and names new to the Canadian list, J. A. Moffatt. The Coleoptera of Canada, pt. x, H. F. Wickham. On two new species of Platycerus, T. L. Casey. . Notes on Hymenoptera, W. H. Harrington. Zudryas ste. Johannis Redivivus, A. R. Grote. Remarks on Apateloides suggested by an ar- ticle by Mr. Schaus, H. G. Dyar. A few points in collecting Ichneu- monidz, G. C. Davis. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera—v, C. F. Baker.— July, 1895.—List of Coleoptera collected at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C., J. H. Keen. Entomological notes, J. A. Moffat. The insect fauna of the Sudbury District, Ontario, J. D. Evans. Spring collecting in Alberta, F. H. Wolley Dod. A new Aegiale (Megathymus), H. Skinner. The Coleoptera of Canada, xi, H. F. Wickham. Prelimi-
nary studies in Siphonaptera, vi, C. F. Baker. Descriptions of the larvee of certain Tenthredinide, H. G. Dyar.
232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
24. PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL Museum, xvii.—On the Bothriothoracine insects of the United States, L.O. Howard. Notes on the geographical distribution of scale insects, T. D. A. Cockerell.
25. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN. Berlin, xx, H. 9.—Studies on Osmie, Ill, H. Friese.
26. PsycHE. Cambridge, June, 1895.—-Notes on the Winter insect fauna of Vigo County, Indiana, I, W. S. Blatchley. Eggs of the long- nosed ox-louse, Hematopinus vitula L., F. L. Harvey. On the validity of the Tachinid genus Ce/aforia, D, W. Coquillett. The larva of Butalis dasilaris Zell., the relations of its sete, H. G. Dyar. Two new western Coccide, T. D. A. Cockerell. f
27. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, xxxix, pt. 5.—New ants from Oriental Imerina (Moramanga, etc.), A. Forel. Descriptions of the new species of phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Mr. Andrews in India, M. Jacoby.
28. SCIENCE GossIP, June, 1895.—An aquatic Hymenopterous insect, F. Enock.
29. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, xix.—Note on the Cicindelid Coleoptera of the genus Pz@oxantha Chaudoir, E. Fleu- tiaux. Odonata of Cyprus, R. Martin.
30. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, Vii, parts 2, 3. —Studies on the ants (seventh note). On anatomy of the petiole of
Myrmica rubra L., C. Janet (part 4 of same). Observations and experi-.
ments on the means of protection of Abraxas grossulariata L., F. Pla- teau. Complete list of the Xylophilidz described before 1894, M. Pic. Contributions to the Mediterranean myriapodological fauna (third note), H. W. Brodlemann.
31. ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER (Abtheilung f.;Systematik, Geographie u. Biologie), viii, part 3.—Contributions to the knowledge of the North American ant fauna, C. Emery.
32. ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITUNG. HERAUSGEGEBEN VON DEM ENTOMO- LOGISCHEN VEREIN ZU STETTIN. JAHRGANG 51 (1890).—Our present knowledge of the Ephemerine (cont.), H. Hagen. Sphyrorrhina charon, a new genus and species of Goliathide, O. Nickerl. New exotic Cole- optera, A. F. Nonfried. On the preparation of larvae, H. Disque. Com- parative studies on ant and termite guests, E. Wasmann. The entomo- logical nomenclature, H. I. Kolbe. Contributions to the knowledge of the Butalide, Dr. Hofmann. On Libellulinze of the collection of Dr. Heinrich Dohrn, F. Karsch.
33. STATE AGricuLTURAL CoLLecE (Agricultural Experiment Station), Bulletin No. 31.—A preliminary list of the Hemiptera of Colorado, C. P. Gillette and C. F. Baker.
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 233
34. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL Museum, No. 48.— A revision of the Deltoid moths, J. B. Smith. This paper is a continua- tion of the author’s ‘‘ Contribution toward a monograph of the Insects of the Lepidopterous family Noctuidze of Boreal America,’’ and will no doubt prove a valuable addition to the literature of Lepidoptera. It con- tains 126 pages and 12 plates. The work shows great care in regard to synonymy, descriptions and execution of plates.
35. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA-
a DELPHIA, 1895, part 1.—Some new bees of the genus Perdita, T. D. A.
Cockerell.
36. MITTHEILUNGEN DES NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREINS FUR STEIERMARK, JAHRGANG, 1894.—The Diptera of Steiermark, pt. iii (Dip- tera Nemocera), P. G. Stobl.
37. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE ET ANNALES DU MUSEE D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE DE GENEVE, iii, 1.—Revision of the tribe of the Perisphzrini, with plate 1, H. de Saussure et L. Zehnter.
38. ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE. Berlin, 61 Jhg., Bd. i, H. 1.— Contributions to the comparative morphology of the abdomen of the Coccinellidz, and on the muscling of the abdomen of Coccinel/a,.... C. Verhoeff.
_ 39. TERMESZETRAJZI FUZETEK, xviii, 1, 2.—Species of the genus Prio- nosomus Fab., G. Horvath. Description of new species of Ichneumonidze of the Hungarian fauna, S. Brauns.
40. PROCEEDINGS Sr THE LINNEAN Society oF NEw SouTH WALES (2), ix, pts. 2-3.—Wood moths, with some account of the life-histories, ... W. W. Froggatt. Part 3.—Studies on Australian entomology, No. 7, new genera and species of Carabidez, . . . T. G. Sloane.
41. DELAWARE COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bul- letin No. 25.—The San José scale insect in Delaware, M. H. Beckwith.
42. NEw YorkK STATE Museum, Bulletin II, No. 13.—The San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus and some other destructive scale insects of the State of New York, J. A. Lintner.
43. JOURNAL OF THE NEw YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, iii, No. 2. —Notes and descriptions of Tachinidz, D. W. Coquillett. A variety of
the larve of Sphinx plebeius, W. Beutenmiiller. Notes on two Calii-
morphas, H. G. Dyar. On the food-habits of certain dung and carrion beetles, C. W. Clark. Notes on a collecting tour in Connecticut, R. L. Ditmars. Two California Phalangids, N. Banks. Notes on Drepanid larve, H. G. Dyar. On the larve of the Hepialidz, A. S. Packard. Preliminary handbook of the Coleoptera of northeastern America, C. W. Leng and W. Beutenmiiller. A list of the spiders of Long Island, .. . N. Banks.
234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
44. Psycue, July, 1895.—Life-history of C/isiocampa pluvialis Dyar,
H. G. Dyar, On the Tachinid genus Acroglossa Williston, D. W. Co-—
quillett. Woolly leaf-gall made by a species of Ca//irhytis on scrub oak, C. H. Townsend. Local butterfly notes, S. W. Dayton. New North American Coccidez, T. D. A. Coéckerell. New Nerth American bees, ibid.
45. THE ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MONTHLY MAGAZINE, July, 1895.—List of
the Coleoptera common to Britain and North America (concl.), G. C. Champion. :
46. ANNALES SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE. ‘Tome xxxix, vi.—Brenthides, by Dr. A. Senna (Hovasius alluadi N. G. nov. sp.). List of the Coleoptera in the collection of H. E. Andrews, Esq., from India and Burmah, with descriptions of new species and notes, H. S. Gorham.
47. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION, Vi, No. 11.—udryas ste Johannis, A. Radcliffe Grote.
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper is published; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Kolbe 32, Howard 9g, Riley 9, Schwarz 9, Webster 9, Ditmars 43.
MYRIAPODA. . Verhoeff 17, Brdlemann 30, Brauer 8, Schmidt 8.
ARACHNIDA. Simon 4*, Cambridge 13*, Banks 43*.
ORTHOPTERA. Bruner 12*, Brunner von Wattenwyl] 19*, Willcox 20, Blatchley 26, Waterhouse 1, deSaussure and Zehnter 37.
NEUROPTERA. Provancher 6*, Calvert 7*, Martin 29, Hagen 32, Karsch 32, McLachlan 1..
HEMIPTERA. Brongniart 4, Martin 4, Cholodkovsky 5, d’Herculais 10, Fowler 13, Willcox 20, Cockerell 1, 24, 26*, 44*, Marlatt 9, Horvath 39, Beckwith 41, Lintner 42, Gillette and Baker, 33*.
COLEOPTERA. Broun 1, Lewis 1 (three), Gahan 1, Pic 3, 30, d’Herculais 4, Lesne 4, Wickham 12, 23, Champion 13*, 22, 45, Griffiths 10, Wasmann 18, 32, Jacoby 22, 27, Evans 23, Casey 23*, Shipp 2, Fleutiaux 29, Waterhouse
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 235
1, Nickerl 32, Nonfried 32%, Chittenden 9, Schwarz 9*, Verhoeff 38, Planet 3, Sloane 4o, Clark 43, Leng and Beutenmiiller 43, Lutz 17, Keen 23, Moffat 23, Senna 46, Gorham 46.
DIPTERA.
Austen 1*, Townsend 7*, Vine 11, Baker 23*, Coquillett 26, 43*, 44
Strobl 36. LEPIDOPTERA.
Smith 1, 34*, Hodgkinson 2, Standfuss 2, Grover 2, de la Garde 2, Kane 2, Bégin 6, Godman and Salvin, 13, Druce 1, 13*, Slingerland 14, Marshall 15, Rippon 16, Kellogg 21, Trimen 22, Hampson 22, Moffat 23, Grote 23, 47, Dyar 23, 26, 43, 44, Watson 2, Plateau 30, Disque 32, Pack- ard 17, 43, Marlatt 9, Froggatt 40, Beutenmiiller 43, Dayton 44, Dod 23, Skinner 23*, Butler 1.
HYMENOPTERA.
Provancher 6*, Preusse 8, Ashmead 9*, Cameron :3*, Wasmann 18, Rothney 22, Harrington 23, Davis 23, Howard 9, 24*, Friese 25, Forel 27, Enock 28, Janet 30, Emery 31*, Cockerell 1*, 35*, 44*, Coquillett 9, Mar- latt 9*, Riley 9, Brauns 39, Townsend 44, Dyar 23*.
Doings of Societies.
The Entomological Section of the Chicago Academy of Sciences held its regular monthly meeting at the house of W. E. Longley, 115 South Ridgeland Avenue, Oak Park, Ill., Friday evening, June 21st. A good attendance present. . Mr. A. J. Snyder, the recorder of the Section, with an assistant, left June 14th for a ten-weeks’ collecting tour in the West, The members present report the collecting this season unusually good.
: W. E. LonGLey, Chairman.
The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
NEW CALIFORNIAN COLEOPTERA. By F. E. BLAISDELL, M. D.
Coniontis sanfordii n. sp.—Length 12.5 mm.; width 6.0 mm.-——Oblong, moderately elongate with sides feebly arcuate, rather strongly convex, very highly polished, smooth; vestiture minute and fulvous in color.
236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
Hfead rather coarsely and densely punctured, sides as prominent as pos- terior canthus of eyes; antennz slender. Prothorax one-half wider than long, apex nearly two-thirds as wide as base, angles rather broadly rounded ; base transverse and very feebly bisinuate laterally; angles feebly rounded and not prominent; ‘sides strongly arcuate anteriorly, feebly so posteriorly; disc very finely punctured, punctures becoming denser at sides, lateral edges strongly beaded. v/ytra at least twice as long as prothorax ; punctures fine, but larger than those of pronotum and rather sparsely distributed ; sides feebly arcuate.. Abdomen strongly convex, polished, feebly and sparsely punctate.
California (Calaveras County, elevation 2300 feet). A series of three specimens clearly demonstrates a well-marked species.
From e/ongata it differs in its more robust form, shorter and broader prothorax.
The type has been carefully compared with large series of each of the following species: elliptica viatica, eschscholtzt, (and affinis).
In Casey’s synopsis of this genus (‘‘Coleopterological Notices,’ li, p. 372), the present species may precede viatica, with the fol- lowing brief definition :
Form more robust, sides of head as prominent as posterior canthus of eye, very highly polished, prothorax transverse and very finely punctured.
Occurs in ledges and beneath the débris under trees. When living it is strongly primrose. I dedicate the species to Mr. O. ‘N. Sanford, of Coronado, San Diego County, in recognition of the fact that he has done much to make known the insect fauna of Southern California.
Eleodes armata impotens n. subsp.—Length 19.0 mm.; width 7.0 mm. —
Form rather elongate and strongly convex, black throughout and some- what opaque. Head rather finely, sparsely, submuricately punctured ; antenne slender, subclavate, shorter than head and prothorax, joints fifth, sixth and seventh subequal in length and width, outer joints rather sud- denly widened, transversely elliptical, and twice the width of sixth. Prothorax moderately convex, subquadrate, scarcely wider than long, apex truncate, equal in width to base,--the latter feebly arcuate ; apical angles dentiform, small, acute and strongly divergent; basal angles almost rectangular, not prominent ; sides moderately arcuate in anterior two-thirds, thence feebly convergent to base; disc convex, smooth, very finely and sparsely punctate. /ytra scarcely three times as long as pro- thorax, !ess than one-third wider than the latter, strongly convex ; sides
evenly arcuate, humeri not prominent; base equal to-contiguous pro-—
thorax ; apex narrowly rounded ; disc rather suddenly declivous behind,
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1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 237
punctate ; punctures moderately fine, arranged in rather closely placed, feebly impressed series, intervals with similar, sparsely, irregularly placed punctures, which are not asperate at sides ; anterior tibial spurs similar, rather long and equal ; middle and posterior spurs shorter. Legs slender all the femora armed, the anterior with an acute tooth, the middle with an obtuse tooth which is less prominent, the posterior with a smaller and very obtuse process.
Female is \Jarger and more convex, head rather large, thorax strongly convex, but elytra less so ; femoral teeth as in the male.
California (Merced County).
Described from two specimens. Subsequently a series of eight specimens were received in which the femoral spurs uni- formly agreed with those of the type specimens, the elytral punctuation being much more decided, and the general form more elongate, approaching that of gzgantea.
Eleodes confinis s. sp.—Length 22.0 mm.; width 9.0 mm. Rather robust, very convex and subcylindrical, feebly shining and smooth. Head \arge, as long as wide, finely and evenly punctured; antennz robust, reaching to posterior third of the prothorax, third joint about two and one-half times as long as wide, not longer than the next two, joints four to eleven, inclusive, subequal in length ; seventh as long as wide; eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh wider than long. Prothorax scarcely a third wider than long, apex broadly and feebly emarginate, subequal to base, which is feebly arcuate ; apical angles dentiform, not divergent, feebly acute’; sides quite strongly arcuate in anterior three-fifths, widest just in front of middle, posteriorly straight, convergent aud not in the
_ least constricted in front of basal angles, the latter obtuse, not rounded
nor prominent ; disc convex, very finely, evenly punctate. Zilytra about two and two-third times as long as prothorax, and at base equal to the contiguous base of the latter, widest at middle ; sides evenly arcuate to apex, which is obtuse and emarginate from the depression of elytral suture in the declivous portion ; humeri obtuse and slightly prominent ; disc smooth, strongly convex, very finely and feebly punctured, punctures arranged in closely placed series, intervals with a series of very fine, sparsely placed punctures, with others that are irregularly scattered and which become denser along suture, and rather more confused at apex and outer intervals; scutellum rather large and glabrous. Addomen
_smooth, shining, finely and sparsely punctate. Legs moderately slender,
anterior femora armed with a small acute tooth ; spurs similar and sub- equal.
California (Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County).
The present form should be placed with those species having the thorax with sides gradually narrowing to base, and should precede hAzspiladris in our lists.
238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (September,
Helops stenotrichoides n. sp.—Q. Length 11.5 mm., width 4.0 mm. Elongate oval, piceous, head, antennz and legs rufo-piceous. Head transverse, finely and densely punctured ; epistoma depressed, and trun- cate at apex, angles narrowly rounded ; eyes convex, round (viewed from above), prominent; antennz slender, outer joints very slightly com- pressed, reaching to middle third of elytra, feebly incrassate, third joint slightly shorter than the next two, fifth just visibly shorter than the fourth, eleventh ellipsoidal and just perceptably longer than the eighth. Pro- thorax quadrate: apex strongly arcuate and equal to the base, apical angles feebly rounded; base truncate, angles subrectangular; sides feebly arcuate anteriorly, nearly straight and feebly convergent posteriorly; disc evenly, moderately, transversely convex, rather finely, very densely punctate throughout, at sides the interspaces raised into very fine, wavy longitudinal ruge. Zlytra twice as long as wide, and nearly two and one-half times longer than the prothorax ; base slightly wider than the contiguous base of the latter; humeri slightly prominent and narrowly rounded ; sides nearly parallel anteriorly, rather strongly arcuate in pos- terior third to apex; disc moderately convex, widest at junction of middle with posterior third, finely striate, intervals with a few scattered, very fine transverse rug, each interval with a single series of irregularly ‘spaced, small tubercles, which become obsolete towards the suture. Abdomen very finely and moderately sparsely punctate, clothed with very short, sparse, flavate hairs, which are‘rather long, and flying on the last ventral segment ; metasternum between coxa and groove equal to the first ventral segment in length. Zegs moderately slender, tibiz pubes- cent.
Male.—Length 8.0mm.; width 2.5mm. Slender, subparallel, antennz reaching to middle of the elytra, third joint equal to the next two, others . more elongate, eleventh about twice as long as wide. Ziytrad intervals convex and narrow.
California (Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County.
Several specimens taken in November and December from beneath the bark on an old Buckeye (4sculus californica) stump. In the present species the prothorax is widest at the junction of ‘middle and anterior thirds, and should be placed with those apterous species which have the antenne longer than the head - and prothorax, prothorax quadrate, with apex rounded.
AT one time the ravages of the Dermestes vulpinus were so great in the skin warehouses of London, that a reward of £20,000 was offered for an available remedy.—Baira’s Cyclop. Nat. Sci., London, 1858.
OVALLE states that, in the pampas of Chili, bread is made of Locusts and of Mosquitos.—Cowan’s Curious Facts.
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1985. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 239
ODONATA—A NOTE AND A DESCRIPTION.
By Prof. D. S. KELLICOTT, Columbus, Ohio. In his paper,* the Odonata of New York State, Mr. Calvert says that ‘* Diplax obtrusa probably lives in New York.’’ I am
able to confirm the truth of this inference as I have taken it several years in succession in Hastings, Oswego County ; in
August and September I have found it quite as abundant as Dz. rubicundula.
In the ‘‘ Catalogue of the Odonata of Ohio,’’ + I gave an account of the habits, localities in which it had been taken, and a description of the female of a species of Exad/lagma which I had mistaken for Enallagma divagans. All that is said in that article refers to the species described below and not to divagans. I have obtained examples of the latter and compared the two. They are clearly distinct and I hasten to correct the grave error.
Enallagma geminata n. sp.—Length of abdomen, ¢{' 20 mm., 9 19 mm.; hind wing $ 15 mm., 2 15 mm. (%) Head: labrum and brows blue, clypeus and vertex black, post-ocular spots cuneiform, not connected, blue ; prothorax black edged with blue, scarcely bilobed. Thorax black above with a*blue stripe each side (this is sometimes divided as in WN. posita) ; sides blue with a black line on the suture. Wings hyaline, pter- ostigma black ; legs black and pale, tarsi black. Abdomen brassy black, blue as follows : 1, an apical ring and a lateral spot connected with it ; 2, a basal ring interrupted dorsally, this ring is sometimes very wide and the interruption also, there is a lateral stripe connected with the ring; 3-6, basal interrupted rings; 8-9, wholly, abdomen beneath pale blue with brown shades apically; the abdominal appendages are black, agreeing very closely in form with those of divagans ; they are relatively stouter, and from above the outline is more oblong; there is a sharp tooth on the lower edge of the inner face, the upcurved apex of the lower branch (referring to the type exsudans) is a little stouter and more obtuse than in divagans, while the upper one is a little less prominent ; the inferior appendages are little longer than the superior with the acute apex curved upward and inwards.
2.—Very similar to the male. The blue of the front of the head of the male is pale blue or brownish ; the post-ocular spots and humeral stripes a little paler ; the abdomen is black above, the sides pale blue, sternal membrane black ; there is an apical ring on 1 ; 3-7 have a basal pale blue ring with a wide interruption dorsally ; on 8 there is a large blue spot on either side, these are separated dorsally by a black line of varying width ; the appendages are black, the valves pale or faded brown.
* “Journal of the Entomological Society of New York,” vol. iii, p. 48. + ‘* Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History,” January, 1895, page 205.
240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
I have taken it as follows : Licking Reservoir, Ohio, May 25, July 11 and 25; Sandusky, Ohio, June 26; Delaware, Ohio, May 30; Springfield, Ohio, July 6; Sugar Grove, Ohio, Sep- tember 4; Corunna, Mich., July 25. At Licking Reservoir. it was not uncommon at the dates given for July.
The variable width of the basal ring on 2 is confusing ; in con- sequence the dorsum of 2 in some,examples is completely black, in others the black is restricted to a well marked apical spot, hence different individuals fall into different groups of the genus. Again the appendages of the male. except the inner tooth, which was at first overlooked, are so nearly like those of divagans that a mere description scarcely separates them. On the other hand both sexes are smaller than divagans.
ERS SO SAS RA TS OBITUARY.
Mount CarRROLL, ILL., July 30.—Dr. Henry Shimer died on Sunday, July 28th. He was formerly State Entomologist, and had the honor of naming all the grasses and cereals at the World’s Columbian Exposition, and was also engaged in work for the Smithsonian Institution at Wash- ington. He was worth $100,000.
We were surprised and pained to see the above notice in one of our Philadelphia newspapers. Only recently we had a very pleasant visit from Dr. Shimer, and he always came to the Academy on his periodical visits to this State. ;
ec el
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for June, was mailed May 30, 1895.
: 4 4 ’
Ent. News, Vol. VI. ; Pilx.
‘ ‘
Pror. C. V. RILEY, M.A., PH.D.
Oe ee ee ees
ey ae
=
MOTs ee No. 8.
OCTOBER, 1895.
EDITOR: HENRY SKINNER, M.D.
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE: >
Gro. H. Horn, M.D. EzRA T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE. Rev. Hznry C. McCook, D.D. CHARLES LIEBECK.
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1895.
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Entomological News
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Address: E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.
Entomological Publications.
Classification of Coleoptera of North America, by Drs. LeConte
and Horn, 567 pp. 1883. : ce SY A{e) List of Coleoptera of America N. of Meidng, by S. Hensbaae 1885 . 1.25 Supplement to same, 1895 . .50
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Mexico, 152 pp. 2 pl. 4to . >i : i”. 600 LeConte & Horn.—Rhynchophora of N. Amatick pa shi 1876 . 3,00 Seudder (S. H.)—The Life of a Butterfly, 182 pp., gpls. 1.00
Guide to Commoner Butterflies of North. U. S. and Canada, a6 pa 1.25 Banks (N.)—Synopsis, Catalogue and Bibliography of the Neuropteroid
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Smith (J. B.)—Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Superfamily Noctitidse found in Boreal America (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893) 424 pp., 8vo. 2.50 —— Descriptions of new genera and eon of as American) Noctu-
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‘ 4
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION,
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA,
VOL. VI. OCTOBER, 1895. No. 8. CONTENTS:
Me Riley ccc 5s <i secosncecans 24t | Editorial ......000.0+0ssesesscee sesees 254
Smith—Some entomological notes. .... 243 | Economic Entomology .....--..+++..-- 255
Osburn—Rhopalocera of Tennessee.... 245 | Notes and News... ..----+-seeeeeeeeees 261
Stiles—Spherularia bombi in America.. 248 | Entomological Literature ............. 265
Cunningham—List of butterflies, etc... 251 | Doings of Societies...... 5.5 ccecsseeees 271
Davidson—Californian bees and wasps. 252
Prof. C. V. RILEY, M.A., Ph.D.
It is with profound regret that we publish these lines relating to the death of Prof. C. V. Riley, who was an Englishman by nativity, having been born in London in 1843. His boyhood was passed in the village of Walton, on the Thames. He subse- quently attended schools in France and Germany. For six years he studied on the Continent of Europe, and this is the secret of his familiarity with the French and German languages, and of his power of speaking them with exceptional accuracy. Two passions characterized his boyhood—one for collecting insects, the other for drawing and painting.
The early loss of his father, and the care at school of a younger brother, developed in young Riley a self-reliance and sense of responsibility which gave a practical turn to his views, and con- vinced him that the classical education he was getting lacked many elements of utility. So, at the age of seventeen, he sailed for New York, where, after a seven weeks’ voyage, he arrived with little means and ‘‘a stranger in a strange land.’’ He went West and settled upon a farm in Illinois. Here he remained for four years, and acquired an experience of practical agriculture. About -the time of his majority he commenced journalistic work in Chicago, where, in connection with his work on the paper, he gave special attention to botany and entomology. His writings,
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242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
especially on economic entomology, soon made him well and favorably known to the public.
In 1868 he accepted the office of State Entomologist of Mis- souri. For nine years he worked in this position. It was during this time the great grasshopper plague of Kansas and Missouri occurred, and his services in connection therewith as Chief of the Entomological Commission of the United States were of the highest value.
In the Spring of 1878 he was tendered the position of Ento- tomologist to the Department of Agriculture, which he accepted, but shortly afterwards relinquished, retaining, however, his posi- tion at the head of the Entomological Commission, and continu- ing his work in the service of the Government. In 1881 the Division of Entomology in the Department of Agriculture was formed, and Professor Riley was placed at its head—a position which he continued to occupy until last year, when, on account of impaired health, he tendered his resignation.
Professor Riley has given to the National Museum at Wash- ington, his private collection of American insects, containing more than 20,000 species, and represented by 115,000 pinned specimens, and much additional material unpinned and in alcohol. Professor Riley was a member of many scientific and philosophi- cal societies of this country and Europe, and has received many medals and diplomas of honor from foreiga governments. In 1889 he received the insignia of Knight of the Legion of Honor.
At this time the French Minister of Agriculture wrote him a per- :
sonal letter acknowledging the distinguished and valuable services which he had rendered to French agriculture...
HOW HE WAS INJURED.
Prof. Riley left his residence at 2135 Wyoming Avenue, on Co-
lumbia Heights, a few minutes after nine o’clock, on September |
14th, and, mounting his bicycle, started for the city by the way of the Columbia Road and the extension of Connecticut Avenue. There is a steep hill between California Avenue and Boundary Street, and those who saw Professor Riley coming down this grade noticed that he was riding more rapidly than was his custom. When he reached the flat pavement at Connecticut Avenue and S Street, whose intersection is but a few feet from Florida Avenue, the front wheel of the bicycle struck a piece of granite that was
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL’ NEWS. 243
lying on the concrete, having apparently dropped from one of the wagons hauling broken stone for the base of the asphalt pavement being laid in that vicinity.
When the wheel came in contact with the obstruction it turned directly at right angles and Professor Riley was thrown with great violence, head downward, on the pavement. His feet seemed to get tangled in the pedals and the machine fell on top of him. He was apparently lifeless, and a stream of blood gushing from his ear had already formed a pool onthe pavement. The injured man was lifted up and laid on the parking, and in a few minutes several physicians were present. The observable injuries of Pro- fessor Riley consisted of a deep gash over the left eye, a cut across his nose and the laceration of every knuckle on either hand, showing that his grasp on the handle bar of his machine had not relaxed, so, quickly had the catastrophe happened. Death took place shortly after midnight on September 15th.
The work done by Professor Riley is too well known to ento- mologists to require a detailed account, and we are sorry, indeed, that his life was cut short at a period when he would have had much more time to devote to research, having given up executive and routine work in the Department of Agriculture.
Some Entomological Notes from Montgomery County, Virginia. By ELLison A. SMyTH, JR., Blacksburg, Va.
Inasmuch as Argynnis bellona has been given a hitherto North- ern range, it will be of interest to note its capture in this south- western part of Virginia; two specimens, both males, were cap-" tured here in the latter part of August, 1894; both were taken in a wet, boggy place in a little valley, and were the only ones seen, the only other Argynnide taken or seen being Arg. cybele, diana and Luptoieta claidia. Three specimens of Phyciodes nycteis were also taken here in July, and in June I saw one Melitea pheton on the side of Bald Knob, about 4000 feet above sea-level, but having no net, failed to secure it.
This Spring (April 13, 1895) I saw my first Zhecla damon, on Juniperus virginica, and it has been since, and is now (May 8), very abundant in both{sexes, every red cedar having a few flitting about their top branches. They seem also to fancy the bloom
244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
of Rhus aromatica, and | catch them repeatedly at that/ though I have not yet seen them near Ceres, also in full bloom, right at hand. The eggs are laid, as described by Mr. Scudder, on the very tips of the cedar twigs, and I have also noticed a great number of ichneumon fly (Pimp/a, I think) diligently searching among the ends of twigs, so that I think it may be a parasite of damon, though as yet I have been unable to verify the suspicion.
In early April a negro brought in eleven imagos of Dynastes tityus, six males and five females, taken from the decayed base of a recently felled white oak stump; from his description there
must have been many larve and pupe there also, which he said”
his chickens had destroyed. As soon as possible Prof. Alwood and myself visited the place; the stump was much rotted on one side, and we removed about a bushel of the excrement of the larvee; we were too late, however, finding only one male and one female imago, the remains of a pupa skin, and at last, by very diligent search and by following each decayed rootlet to its base, we secured two of the large, remarkable larvee, which are still in captivity, in rotting wood supplied them in the breeding-case.
Papilio glaucus is the only female form of turnus that I have seen here, and they are smaller than those captured on the sea- board of South Carolina. Audamus cellus is occasionally taken in the watered rocky ravines where the wild catnip covers the ground.
The males of Avgynnzs diana are flying in early June, and the females appear about the last of July, being in full force in Au- gust, at which times the males are much worn, and it is then difficult to secure good specimens of the males. I have invari- ably found the males more difficult to catch than the females; at the first alarm they make for the forests on the hillsides and are lost; in their early appearance in June they are mostly to be seen on the wing, crossing and following the mountain roads, and are then difficult to catch; later both sexes are attracted by thistle in bloom, and also by the purple Zupatorium, but their favorite plant is the iron weed, Vernonia angustifolia, and its allies; so much is this so that we used to call this ‘‘ Diana Weed,’’ and in driving through the mountains always stopped whenever we saw a patch of it. It is enough to make the heart jump to come across a fine head of Vernonza and see two or three of the blue females quietly feeding, their blue color contrasting well with the
:
ee.
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1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 245
rich purple of Vernonia; it is better to see only one diana on a cluster, however, for if there are more, the effort to secure all at a stroke generally results in the escape of all, and a dana once alarmed is not always easy to approach. I have collected diana along the Blue Ridge, but in my experience their stronghold is near Brevard, in Transylvania County, North Carolina, and the country around the Davidson River and head-waters of the French Broad. In the valleys near Buck Forest Hotel and Cedar Mountain and Cashar’s Valley (near Brevard), wherever patches of Vernonia are seen, and even on the dahlias in front of the mountaineer’s cottage, can be found, in August and September, dianas enough to satisfy the most ardent collector.
Colias eurytheme, so characteristic on the coast and midlands of South Carolina (in fact, there, being the only Co/zas, save c@sonia) is not seen here at all, being replaced by phzlodice.
And lastly, among the Sphingide, the great brown rustica is occasionally taken at the Datura blossoms, though not as plenti- fully as in Charleston County, South Carolina. I am now anx-
iously awaiting news from a pupa of Citheronia sepulchralis cap-
tured on Pinus mitis last September.
oO
RHOPALOCERA OF TENNESSEE. By WILLIAM OSBURN.
During the Summer of 1894, while making a study of the in- sect fauna of Nashville and vicinity, considerable attention was given to the diurnals. As far as I am aware, no list of the but- terflies of Tennessee has ever been published. The subjoined list, representing seventy species, is not exhaustive, as but a small section of the State has been explored, an area such as would be described by a radius extending about fifteen miles from Nash- ville. The season was unfavorable, owing to the excessively cold spell in May and the unusual drought through most of the Sum- mer. Observations extending over several seasons and including the eastern and western portions of the State will probably in- crease the list to one hundred species or more. In ENToMo- LoGicaL News for March, 1893, Dr. Henry Skinner reports Neonympha canthus, chrysophanus, hypophieus and Grapta fau- mus as found in North Carolina. In the April issue for 1894,
246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
Rev. John Davis reports Grapla progne, Pamphila accius, Phy-
ctodes phaon, Lycena alce and Pyrgus syrichthus, as taken in .
Arkansas, and in the ‘‘ Canadian Entomoiogist’’ for October, 1894, Hattie H. Warner includes in her list of Kentucky butter- flies Melitea pheton, Satyrus alope, ie peckius and Ni- soniades juvenalis.
The above and other species of contiguous States will doubtless be added to our fauna upon more extended research.
The data appended to each species have been confirmed, in most cases, by personal observations. The months are given to indicate when specimens were actually observed. The number of specimens observed furnishes the data upon which the abun- dance or scarcity of each species is based. It is understood, however, that the rarity of a species is not always indicated by the number of imagoes actually seen. Last Fall I succeeded in securing a large number of caterpillars of Pyramets cardui, but not a single imago was seen. Further, a species scarce in one season may be abundant in another. Last Fall Agvaulis vanille was decidedly rare, while in the Autumn of 1893, it was unusually abundant.
For assistance in determining doubtful specimens I am under many obligations to Dr. Henry Skinner, of Philadelphia, to whom were submitted examples of every species except three. A i is the list :
. Danais archifpus Fab.—Abundant; March to November. Three broods; hibernates in imago state. Food-plant, milkweed.
2. Agraulis vanille Linn.—Rare; August to November. Two broods; the imago hibernates, and possibly the chrysalis; one specimen emerged January 15th. Food-plant, passion vine.
3. Euptoieta claudia Cram.—Abundant; March to November.
Three broods; the imago hibernates. Food-plant, passion vine.
4. Argynnis diana Cram.—Rare. Prof. G. H. French writes: ‘‘T have received it from Chattanooga, Tenn.’’ Probably two broods; the pupa probably hibernates. Food-plant, violets.
5. Argynnis cybele Fabr.—Rare; June to October. Two broods; the pupa probably hibernates. Food-plant, violets.
6. Argynnis aphrodite Fabr.—Prof. G. H. French, in his ‘‘ Butterflies of Eastern United States,’’ reports it from Tennes- see. Two broods; probably hibernates in the pupa state. Food- plant, violets.
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247
7. Phyciodes nycteis Db.-Hew.—Rare; June to August. Prob- ably two broods; probably hibernates in the larva state. Food- plants: aster, sunflower, etc.
8. Phyciodes tharos Dru.—Abundant; probably three broods; the larva hibernates. Food-plant, aster. Seasonal forms marcia and morpheus both abundant.
9. Grapta interrogationis Fabr.—Common; March to Novem- ber; the imago hibernates. Food-plants: hackberry, elm and hop-vine. Seasonal forms fadricii and umbrosa were reared from the same brood of larve.
10. G. comma Harr.—Rare; June and August. Two broods; the imago hibernates. Food-plant, hackberry.
11. Vanessa antiopa Linn.—Rare; two specimens in June. Two broods; the imago hibernates. Food plants: willow, elm, poplar.
12. Pyrameis atalanta Linn.—Common; May to October. Three broods; the imago probably hibernates. Food-plants: nettle and hop.
13. P. huntera Fabr.—Common; June to November. Three broods; the imago hibernates. Food-plants: burdock, sunflower, etc.
14. P. cardui Linn.—Common; September to November. Probably three broods; the imago hibernates. Food-plant, thistle.
15. Junonia cenia Hiib.—Somewhat common; July to No- vember. Probably three broods; the imago hibernates. Food- plants: snapdragon and plantain.
16. Limenitis ursula Fabr.—Rare; July and August. Prob- ably two broods; probably hibernates in the pupa state. Food- plants: willow, cherry, etc.
17. L. disippus Gdt.—Somewhat common; August and Sep- tember. Two broods; hibernates in the larva state, and possibly the chrysalis. Food-plant, willow. One specimen of var. flor?- densis was taken August 22d.
18. Apatura celtis Bd.-Lec.—Common ; July to September. Two broods, possibly three; the larva hibernates. Food-plant, hackberry.
19. A. clyton Bd.-Lec.—Rare; June to October. Two broods; the larva hibernates. Food-plant, hackberry. Seasonal forms proserpina and ocellata were both observed.
248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
20. Anea andria Scud.—Common; April to November. Two broods, possibly three; the imago hibernates. Food-plant, Cro- ee eee
Debis portlandia Fabr.—Rare; two specimens OIE Probably two broods; the larva probably hibernates. Food- plant, grass.
22. Neonympha gemma Hiib.—Common in dense woods July to September. Three broods; the larva probably hibernates. Food-plant, grass.
23. WV. eurytris Fabr.—Common; May to July. One brood, possibly two; the larva hibernates. Food-plant, grass.
24. LN. sosybius Fabr.—Rare; July to September. Two broods; the larva hibernates. Food-plant, grass.
25. Libythea bachmani Kirtl.—Abundant ; June to October. Two broods, possibly three; the imago probably hibernates, early specimens being worn. F ood- -plant, hackberry.
(To be continued.)
oor or
SPHERULARIA BOMBI IN AMERICA.
An animal in which Prolapsus vaginz is normal, By CH. WARDELL STILEs, Ph. D.
Prof. John B. Smith recently sent me some parasites (Spheru- Zaria bombi) from the body-cavity of the Humble-Bee for deter- mination and requested me to write a short account of them for publication in ENToMoLocicaL News.* I acceed to the request all the more willingly as, so far as I have been able to find, this curious parasite has never been described in American literature, although several records of the presence of a parasite in the Hum- ble Bee occur in American journals which undoubtedly refer to this particular species.
The parasite in question is one of those curious forms in which, what frequently occurs to a moderate degree as a pathological process in higher animals, here takes place to an enormous ex- tent as the normal condition of affairs; it is further an extremely interesting form, asa particular set of organs normally undergoes an hypertrophy entirely out of proportion to its original size, or in fact to the size of the original organism. A third point in connection with the worm is that it represents one of those pecu- liar cases of parasitism in which only the female sex lives a para- sitic life.
*[ found specimens in material collected by my students in female Bomédus pennsylva- nicus, B. fervidus and B. consimilis.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249
The worm was discovered, in 1838, by Léon Dufour, who was inclined to look upon it as an insect-larva. Von Siebold, how- ever, afterwards showed that true nematodes develop from the egg of this monstrosity, and its systematic position was thus made somewhat more clear. The worm was then observed by various workers, but no clear explanation of the paradoxical organism could be given. Lubbock afterwards noticed that an almost microscopic nematode was frequently found attached near one end of the parasitic structure, and Schneider suggested that the larger tube-like structure was.an organ which had become more or less independent of the original body. Prof. Rudolf Leuckart* (1887), to whom science owes the solution of so many of the riddles which confront the helminthologist, finally made a very thorough study of the worm, together with another worm, show- ing the same tendency to a somewhat lesser degree, and succeeded in clearing up this gynecological mystery.
The following is an abridged account of the parasite, and those who desire to examine more closely into the details of the sub- ject are referred to Leuckart’s magnificent monograph.
The males and females of Spherularia bomb are almost micro- scopic; they live in moist earth and, although their intestinal system is not of such a structure as to allow of their taking food, they may live for months, probably using the reserve material stored up during their inter-uterine existence. Their reproduc- tive organs come to functional development and the animals copulate; after copulation the males die, the females alone living to represent the species.
The females thén watch their chance to obtain a ‘‘ widow’s home’’ for the Winter; they enter the female Humble-Bee which is about to hibernate, and in the body-cavity of this insect they continue their curious development. The vagina gradually evag- inates through the vulva, taking with it the entire sexual appa- ratus, and the greater part of the intestine; this evaginated por- tion develops to an enormous extent, attaining in many cases 20 mm. in length by 1 mm. in breadth, but remains attached for a long time to the almost microscopic body of the original worm at the vulva, or possibly it would be better to say that the body of the female remains attached at the vulva to its evaginated
* 1887—Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Banes u. d. Lebensgeschichte der Nematoden; Abh. d. math.-phys. Cl. Kgl. Sachs. Ges. d. Wiss. pp. 565-704, 3 Taf.
250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ October,
genitalia! Finally, the body of the worm falls, and the genitalia continue to live an independent existence, nourished by osmosis
in the body-cavity of the bee. It is estimated that the genitalia ©
have hypertrophied 60,000 times their natural size, and have become 15,000 to 20,000 times the size of the original female.
In the meantime numerous embryos have developed within the uterus; these embryos fall into the body-cavity of the bee and become free, probably boring through the intestinal wall of the host and being passed, or in some cases by the death and decay of the bee. Upon becoming free, they develop their sexual or; gans and copulate, the males die and the females await the oppor-
tunity of obtaining a Winter home in the next Winter's female
humble-bees.
It is almost needless to add that the presence of these parasites, especially in large numbers, brings about an atrophy of some of the organs, more particularly of the internal genitalia of the host, and this causes the female bees to remain more or less sterile.
The parasite described (.Spherularia boméz) does not represent the only species of nematode in which we find these gynecological conditions. Leuckart has described a parasite (Atractonema gibbosum) from the body-cavity of the larva and pupa of a small Cecidomya which has a similar life-history, but in which the fro- lapsus vagine occurs to a more moderate degree. I have also frequently noticed prolapsus vagine in the genus Oxyurts (pin- worms) more particularly in O. amdigua Rud., 1819, found in rabbits (Lepus cuniculus). This condition, which is not infre- quently noticed in the worms found in the intestines, can be brought about artificially by suddenly immersing the parasite in cold water.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Fig. 1.—Normal young worm. ‘© 2.—Female with beginning evagination of the vagina. ‘« 3.—The evaginated vagina has grown larger than the worm and con- tains the other genital organs and the intestine. ‘“« 4,—Spherularia bombi as usually found. The body of the worm has fallen. ‘« 5 —Transverse section through fig: Ret tee Figs. 1-5 are taken from one of my old Leipzig sketch-books, and figs. 2, and 5 at least, and possibly also fig. 3 were made from Leuckart’s orig preparations.
Fig. 6.—S. bombi with the body of the worm still attached. After Lub- bock, from Cobbold.
All figures greatly enlarged.
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ENT. News, Vol. VI.
SPHERULARIA BOMBI.
1895. |
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25F
List of Butterflies taken in the vicinity of Ft. Klamath, Oreg.
By B. L. CUNNINGHAM.
Papilio zolicaon ** eurymedon rutulus Parnassius clodius - Neophasia menapia Pieris occidentalis ** beckerii Anthocharis stella iS sara reakirtii ausoniades Colias eurytheme us Spt Danais archippus Argynnis leto = monticola eurynome epithore arge Melitza colon ** — rubicunda gabbii Phyciodes pratensis Grapta, comma var." ch satyrus zephyrus Vanessa antiopa ‘* californica ‘* milbertii Pyrameis atlanta huntera cary
ce
ce
ce
my
Limenitis lorquini Heterochroa californica Coenonympha inorata Satyrus ariane ‘*=*-cetus charon Chionobas californica Thecla californica ‘¢ spinetorum ‘* jroides ‘* behrii eryphon dumetorum Chrysophanus editha ~ mariposa % helloides cupreus
zerce Lyczena szepiolus
‘« pheres antiacis sagittigera glaucon shasta melissa anna
Pamphila vestris ‘* sylvanoides Pyrgus tesselata ‘* ceespitalis Nisoniades persius Eudamus zmilea
ce
This list is not complete, but is as nearly so as I am now able
to make it.
I think that Papilio oregonia is to be found within a few miles
of here, at least within twenty, on ‘‘ Modoc Point,’’ a spur of the east Cascade Range of Mountains which run down on the east side of Upper Klamath Lake.
252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, {October, —
THE HABITS OF CALIFORNIAN BEES AND WASPS. Anthidium emarginatum, its Life-history and Parasites. By ANSTRUTHER Davipson_ M. D., Los Angeles, Cal.
It is doubtful if they ever dig the hole wherein they nest. I find them in so many different places that I incline to believe they occupy whatsoever hole they find convenient. [I have found them most frequently in short tunnels in the bare adobe banks, or in the soft sandstone rocks that form the walls of excavations and cuttings. These tunnels were originally the nesting sites of a species of Anthophora. While this may be considered the normal nesting place of this species of Anthidium, they are dis-
posed to occupy any medium-sized hole, either in the ground or
in a hollow stem ; one built in the key-hole of adoor. The hole or tunnel chosen is lined with the wool gathered from the foliage of Guaphalium chilense, and G. microcephalum, our western species of everlasting. In this the pollen mass and egg destined to form each cell are deposited, the interval between each mass being composed of the same woolly material firmly compacted. The cells in each hole seem to be regulated solely by its depth and vary accordingly from one to seven. Usually the holes are not more than a few inches deep, but no matter what the depth she almost invariably fills the cavity to the top with this floccu- lent vegetable down, firmly compacted together. The object of this is doubtless to prevent the rain soaking into the cavity and endangering the vitality of the larve, for which purpose it is most admirably adapted being impervious to, and non-absorbent of water. oe Shee we The eggs are deposited in the usual manner and the larve
about the end of August spin their cocoons. These when stripped of the woolly covering and the larval excrement adher- ing to it, present a smooth chestnut-colored surface. They are oblong in shape with blunt ends, and average 6 to 8 lines in length and 3 to 4 in width. On the one end is a small mammil- lary projection showing on the outside a hollow tip. The cocoon on section appears to be slightly thinner towards the mammillated end, and is smooth and glossy silvery internally except opposite the tubercule, where the individual threads are more distinct. The papilla on section shows the external part hollow and coriaceous in texture, the internal lining is here less
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. E 253
dense than that of the remainder of the cell and the interval between is an open meshwork of fibres. Whether or not this is to be considered as an air hole or breathing tube, it is doubt- less analogous to the structures described by Prof. Riley as occurring in the Sphecius speciosus (‘‘ Insect Life ’’ vol. iv, 252).
Its capability to supply air must, from the nature of the inte- rior lining, be limited indeed, yet probably this is its purpose. The remainder of the cell with its surfaces polished externally
and internally seems totally impervious to air. Why the air-
holes in the cocoon of Sphecius speciosus should be made to pro- ject above the surface I do not understand, but the necessity of their so doing in this instance is apparent on superficial examina- tion. As I have already observed, the cocoons are covered over with a layer of excrementitious matter, so that unless the air-hole projected above the surface it too would become cemented over in the process of spinning the cocoon. The air-hole is always on the end nearest the outlet, and the larva always lies with its head toward that end.
Of the forty specimens of cells in my collection that appear on
superficial examination to be identical, and were presumably °
built by this Anthidium, five prove to be constructed by an Anthidium of a larger size and brighter color than the one under review. Among the remainder were seven cells of the typical shape, but of smaller size, and thicker walled, the increased thickness being due to another layer uniformly disposed inter- nally and forming in reality a double walled cocoon the interior of which was less glossy than the type.* These larve on hatching proved to be of an entirely different species, and have been identified for me (doubtfully, I fear) as Megachile brevis, Say.
Nine of the cells were occupied by parasites Of these
Leucospis affinis occupied three.
Photopsis unicolor Cress. occupied three.
Spherophthalma sp.? occupied one.
Monodontomerus montivagus Ashm. occupied one.
Physocephalus affints Will. occupied one.
This last was found in the cell adjoining that which contained the Spherophthalma, both of which were discovered in a nest constructed in the empty retreat of a trap-door spider.
* This species build their nests in June and July, and after spinning their cocoons remain
in the larval state throughout the Winter, pupating shortly before making their exit in the first week of June.
254 {October,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. P
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1.20.
ge=~ All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer; P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1895.
A NEW DEPARTURE.
WirTH this number of the News we will inaugurate a new departure in relation to the Economic Department of the journal. This department, as in the past, will be under the charge of Prof. John B. Smith, Sc.D., of New Brunswick, N. J. The principal change will be in the fact that papers for the department are solicited, and should be sent direct to the editor, Prof. Smith. If necessary we will increase the amount of space devoted to economic entomology, and do all in our power to make it a success. We fully appreciate its importance as a study, and see clearly that it has a great future; we also wish to make the NEws as valuable as possible to the general public, and hope many patrons will recommend and introduce it among their friends interested in agriculture and horticulture. We hope to see this department grow into one of great usefulness, as it ap- peals more directly to the interests of the people at large who are all more or less interested in entomology as far as it touches their own comfort or interests. Prof. Smith is an entomologist who has a wonderful knowledge of practical work in this line, and under his able management the depart- ment can’t help but flourish. We hope to see an abundance of material for the new section of the journal, which should be practical and popular, and not too technical.
A NUMBER of the members of the Feldman Social, including Prof. John B. Smith, will be the guests of Mr. Theo. E. Schmitz, at Arlington Beach, Cape May County, N. J., on Saturday September 21st. To collecting will be added the many enjoyments of the sea-shore.
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 255
DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY.
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J.
Papers for this department are solicited. They should be sent to the editor, Prof. John B. Smith, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J.
The work of Scolytus 4-spinosus in hickory (from ‘‘Garden and Forest’’). Some remarks on the species illustrated by the cut will appear in the next number; see illustration.
Meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists.—The seventh an- nual meeting of this body was held at Springfield, Mass., August 27th and 28th, President, J. B. Smith in the chair, and proved to be a very en- joyable affair to those in attendance. In point of numbers the gathering left something to be desired, a large number of Western and Northern representatives being prevented from attending by the distance, while the East was, as usual, poorly represented. The program, however, was of a decidedly interesting nature, productive of much discussion, and al- though long sessions were held each day, it was impossible to read all the papers. Some of those presented by members not in attendance were, therefore, read by title only.
The President’s address consisted largely of general considerations and suggestions, calling attention to a number of features that needed con- sideration by the economic entomologist. Special attention was called to the fact that in many cases insecticides did not act in the same manner in all parts of the country, or that insects in some regions proved much more resistant than in others, and it was suggested that adverse criticism be withheld until we had a thorough knowledge of all the facts of the case. The subject of keeping up with the economic publications of the day was another of the topics, and it was suggested that all the members of the Association send to every other member a copy of all official publications at least, and that they send to some central point, say ENTOMOLOGICAL News, at intervals of from one to three months, a list of all newspaper and magazine publications which are not likely to come into the hands of the busy worker. In this way it will be easy to keep up with what has been done by others, without the necessity of looking over carefully all - the agricultural papers and the entomological department of local jour- nals. The question of legislation against insect pests was touched upon, and the desirability of some central authority competent to deal with im- ported insects when they are first introduced was strongly urged. The Subject of introductions of foreign insects was briefly touched upon, and especial reference was made to the Gypsy Moth, the Pear Midge, and the Sinuate Pear Borer—all of them eastern pests. The desirability of co- operation among entomologists was further referred too, and attention was called to the report of the Committee which was made in 1804, and left to be acted upon by the meeting of 1895.
256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
In the business session the report of this Committee on co-operation
was brought up for consideration, but owing to the length of the program was laid over for the last session, and was finally left without action.
Mr. C. L. Marlatt read ‘‘Some Notes on Insecticides,” among which tests of the combined kerosene and water mixture were most interesting and instructive. It was found that the machinery devised for this purpose still left much to be desired, and that it was not possible to rely with cer- tainty upon a uniform proportion of the kerosene and water. The effec- tiveness of the mixture, however, was commended. On the same subject was a paper by Mr. H. E. Weed, entitled ‘“‘ Experiments with the Knap- sack Kerosene Attachment.” In this he detailed the results of a spray of the mixed kerosene and water as compared with the emulsion, and it is found that the emulsion is, on the whole, a little more active; but that the water mixture is just as effective when a somewhat larger percentage of kerosene is used, and is a little injurious to foliage. The paper does not deal with the mechanical difficulties, but rather with the effectiveness of the kerosene and water not first emulsified. Yet, upon the same sub- ject was a paper by Mr. Clarence M. Weed, which dealt with the mechan- ical difficulties, and suggested as a solution a narrow kerosene receptacle of the same heighth as the main tank, and containing just exactly the necessary proportion of kerosene to the water. This kept water and kerosene on the same level constantly, and in his experience the propor- tion in the spray was then also constant.
A paper by Mr. Aldrich, entitled ‘‘Spraying without a Pump,” was then read and illustrated by means of blackboard sketches. The device is adapted only where water pressure is available, and indicates a method of attaching a receptacle with poison in such a way that the stream of water will carry a definite proportion with it during the process of spray- ing. In the discussion which ensued upon this, a number of devices of the same general character were described, and there was a somewhat general discussion as to the possibility of getting a recep from which the distribution of poison would be uniform.
Continuing the same subject of insecticides, Mr. I. B. Smith read a paper on “‘ The uses of Insect Lime,” in which he described a series of experiments made with an imported preparation known as “ Raupenleim,’” and an American substitute which he had secured, and which is called ‘‘Dendrolene.” He finds that it is practical to use these materials in the orchard for certain purposes, and that protection against many different kinds of borers can be obtained by an intelligent use of one or the other of these materials. Both are said to be petroleum products in the nature of an exceedingly impure vaseline. In the course of the discussion Mr. Davis reported good success with this material against the Canker worm in Michigan, while Prof. Fernald mentioned a somewhat less favorable result against the same insect in Massachusetts, due in this case to the fact that the cold of early morning chilled the preparation, so as to make it possible to be traversed by the insects. He also described the uses
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1895. | - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 257
that had been made by tie Gypsy Moth Committee of this substance, and while its effectiveness was admitted it was pointed out that where the insects were exceedingly numerous they would finally form a bridge of dead bodies over which others safely crossed. Mr. Forbush, in speaking of the toughness of these insects, stated that he had seen caterpillars work their way through a ring of the insect lime and continue their journey
above it apparently none the worse. :
Mr. E. B. Southwick spoke of ‘‘ A City Entomologist and Insecticides,’’ in which he called attention to the trials and tribulations of a man in public position where there is a constant demand by enthusiasts and inventors for the trial of ‘‘ unfailing’’ remedies.
In the course of this discussion it was plainly shown that in the matter of using insecticides it was not always safe to rely upon results obtained by others, though often those results could not be questioned. That it was yet more unsafe to conclude from our experiments on one species what the action of the same material would be upon another species. In other words we are practically compelled to experiment with every spe- cies that becomes troublesome, and the results in one State are not neces- sarily the same as those obtainable in another State under apparently similar conditions.
The second day’s session began with a paper by Mr. L. O. Howard on “Some Shade-tree Insects of Springfield and other New England towns.”’ Of these insects the Elm Leaf Beetle received the greatest consideration, a careful statement of the spread of this insect in the Eastern States being given and also a record of what had been done in the direction of check- - ing or exterminating the pest. The most practical methods of dealing with the insects were referred too, and recommendations for handling the insects in large cities or on large trees were made. The essay was of popular interest, and was published almost in full in the local papers. Another species that was referred to as having become especially abun- dant during the present season was Pseudococcus aceris, which was doing considerable injury to maples in some cities, including Springfield.
Mr. Marlatt followed with a paper on ‘‘The Elm Leaf Beetle in Wash- ington,”’ in which he described the measures taken during the present season on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture—measures. which were perfectly successful in protecting the trees. A point upon which stress was laid was the necessity of a very early spraying in order to prevent injury by the beetles, and furthermore it was noted that in spite of the number of broods in Washington the essential effort must be made against the first, and if protection is secured against that the bal- ance of the season is less likely to prove troublesome. To a certain ex- tent the conclusions reached in the New Jersey Report for 1894 were confirmed, and it seems to be largely a matter of an abundance of fresh sei as to whether the beetles will or will not lay eggs for subsequent arvee.
Dr. Lintner followed with another paper upon ‘‘ The Elm Leaf Beetle
8*
258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
in Albany.’’ He has discovered them during the present year in very great numbers in the center of the city, and has ascertained that they have been in the more southern parts for at least three years. Dr. Lintner very strongly urges the destruction of the pupg at and near the base of the tree, and claims that in Albany it is the second brood that does the greatest injury. A very interesting discussion on this subject followed, in which Messrs. Riley, Fernald, Southwick, Smith and others took part. The general conclusion was, that it was simply a matter of mechanical work, and that there was no other difficulty in the way of successfully dealing with these insects. Mr. Smith confimed Mr. Marlatt’s suggestions that the early sprayings were the most important, and that if the leaves could be protected from injury to such an extent that they would not be shed and that the tree would not be induced to throw out a second foliage, they would become so hard and so little to the taste of the insects, that the beetles would go into hibernation rather than lay eggs for a second brood; and if they did oviposit and larvz hatched, a large proportion of them would die, or would grow so slowly, that the injury would be im- perceptible.
A great deal of public interest was manifested in this meeting, and the attendance outside of regular members was large. Prof. Fernald pre- sented a statement concerning ‘‘The Gypsy Moth,” which included a brief history of the introduction of the insect, its spread, the organization for its proposed destruction, and an account of the work accomplished. A very remarkable fact which develeped in the course of the experiments was that the caterpillars of this insect were able to devour an enormous quantity of arsenic without apparent injury, so that spraying, except for the destruction of the very young larve, was practically out of the ques- tion. The result was that more attention had been paid to the mechanical destruction of the insects, and very largely to their destruction in the egg stage. The future of the way was discussed and the propriety of con- gressional aid was referred to. Messrs. Forbush and Kirkland, in charge of the practical work of the Committee, followed, with some statements as to the character of the work that had been done, and as to experiments made in the direction of securing insecticides which would act upon these caterpillars without injuring the foliage; thus far nothing that could be satisfactorily recommended had been found. The arsenate of lead, useful though it is against other insects, is practically useless against the Gypsy Moth caterpillar, except in excessively large quantities. Dr. Riley made a brief statement concerning the part taken by him in the early history of the work, the recommendations made when he was first consulted, and the criticisms which he found it desirable to make upon the way the work was carried on at times. He very strongly commended, however, the character of the work that was now being done, and suggested that it was in line, toa large degree, with the recommendations originally made by him.
Mr. E. B. Southwick read a paper upon ‘‘ Economic Entomological work in the Parks of New York City,” in which he described the appa- ratus of his department and the manner in which the work was done, and
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 259
some of the measures which he had found most satisfactory in treating those insects that were most troublesome in the parks. He finds that there is very little difficulty in controlling the insects, provided a sufficient force and a sufficient quantity of apparatus is placed at the disposal of the entomologist. .
Dr. Lintner read a paper upon “‘ Lina scripta,’’ and described the injury done by the beetles and its larve on basket willow in Onondaga County, N. Y. The most practical methods of preventing injury thus far have been mechanical, and consisted in a sort of modification of the hooper dozer, adopted for the particular purpose, but a considerable amount of injury seems to be done each year, for which no remedy is yet at hand.
Mr. G. C. Davis read a paper on the ‘‘ Insects of the Season in Michi- gan,’’ in which he called attention to a considerable number of species that had been unusually troublesome, and among others the climbing cut worms, which have been especially hard to deal with in certain orchards. The application of the poisoned bran mixture at the base of the trees had been on the whole the most successful, and he had found, by direct ex- periment, that the addition of sugar to the bran and Paris green did not increase its attractiveness. He also described the injuries done by species of Monarthrum on peach trees, and described the curious appearance of the roots of the infested trees. On this point there was some discussion as to whether the attacks by the beetles were really the primary causes of the injury, and it was questioned whether the attacks in the trunk
would produce the abnormal appearance in the roots. Mr. Smith sug-
gested very pointedly that the injury to the roots might easily have been primary and the attacks of the Scolytid the secondary consequence. A paper on “‘ The study of Forest Tree Insects”” was presented by Mr. Hop- kins, and read in his absence. It is the same paper that was presented before the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, to which reference has been made in a previous number of this journal, and was interesting from the estimate of the money value of the injury done each year by insects—a question upon which some difference of opinion was expressed.
A paper from Mr. F. H. Chittenden, on the ‘‘ Herbivorous habits of certain Dermestidz”’ contained an interesting record of observed food habits of many of our species, showing that the generally accepted state-
‘ments concerning their food must be considerably qualified. In the dis-
cussion a number of confirmatory facts were brought out and a readiness to accept Mr. Chittenden’s conclusions was manifested, largely based upon the personal experience of members. Incidentally, the methods to be adopted in the case of the imported carpet beetle, Anthrenus scroph- ulari@ were discussed, and Dr. Lintner protested vigorously against any use of the term “‘ Buffalo moth” even in a popular reference to this insect.
Mr. Webster presented a paper on ‘‘Some Interesting Facts Regarding the Genus Diabrotica,’’ in which he traced, rather carefully, the distribu- tion of the various species in the United States, their relationship to each
260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (October,
other, their probable original home and the points at which the species seems to have diverged. A second paper presented by him was read on ‘‘The Importation and Repression of Destructive Insects,’’ and in this he criticised rather severely the lax methods adopted in dealing with in- sects introduced into this country and the dangers resulting from them. He made a number of important practical suggestions as to methods of dealing with such pests, and there was some discussion of this paper which would have been much more full, but for the unfortunate flight of time, the remainder of the session being taken up by another paper by Mr. Webster on ‘‘ Insects of the Year in Ohio.” The election of officers followed, and resulted as follows :
Prestdent, Prof. C. H. FERNALD, Amherst, Mass.
1st Vice-President, Prof. HERBERT OsBorN, Ames, Iowa. 2d 3 Prof. F. M. Weester, Wooster, Ohio. Secretary, Mr. C. L. MARLATT, Washington, D. C.
It was resolved that the next meeting be held, as usual, with that of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which will be held at Buffalo, N. Y , beginning on August 24th. It was also resolved that the Secretary of Agriculture be requested to print the Proceedings of this meeting as a special Bulletin of the Entomological Division of the Department.
Those entomologists who desire to obtain this Bulletin should send their names and a request for the Bulletin, when issued, to Mr. L. O. Howard, Entomologist, U. S. Dep’t of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
The meeting of the Entomological Division of the Association of Ag- ricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations at Denver, during July, 1895, was not very numerously attended, Prof. Perkins, of Vermont, Prof. At- kinson, of New York, and Prof. Smith, of New Jersey, being the only eastern members present. Messrs. Bruner, Cockerell, Gillette, Hillman and Toumey represented the far west, leaving the central States without delegates. ‘The meetings were somewhat informal, ‘yet of considerable interest, and a number of papers from members not in attendance were read. The decidedly interesting fact was developed during the discus- sions that it is unsafe for western entomologists to repeat the recommen- dations made by their eastern colleagues without having first tested them. Climate, or some other factor, seems to exercise an influence so potent in some cases as to make a remedy, which is quite effective on the Atlantic, ‘almost useless on the Pacific. Thus, Mr. Slingerland, in a careful study of the Pear-blister mite, found kerosene in quite a diluted emulsion a satisfactory remedy applied at a proper time. Mr. Aldrich, in Idaho, found it entirely useless, applicd as recommended, and indeed found it difficult to kill the insects at all with the emulsion. In the interchange of experiences it seemed to be quite certain that kerosene in the far West is not nearly as useful as in the East. Of course, this opens up again the question of the effectiveness of certain poisonous substances and makes it necessary to duplicate experiments for different sections in future.
4
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1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 261
Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.
{The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
‘To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five-‘“‘extras’” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.
~
Mrs. A. T. SLosson will probably have lots to tell us about the season’s work at the Northern Hills, Franconia, N. H.
Mrs. F. O. HERRING divided the Summer between Gloucester, Mass., and the woods of Maine. No doubt many fine things will grace her cabinet as a result.
Five species of Grap/a are found at King and Bartlett Lake in Somer- set County, Maine. They are /-album, faunus, progne, gracilis and comma.—H. S.
Mr. Ws. J. Fox, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, spent two weeks collecting at Burning Springs, Wirt County, West Vir- ginia, during July. :
THE Neumoegen collection of Lepidoptera is to be placed on exhibition in the Brooklyn Institute. The collection is for sale. We believe it is to be on view October rst.
THE interesting trip to the West made by Mr. W. H. Edwards and Mr. David Bruce was productive of most interesting scientific results, and they are to be congratulated.
Mr. Partie LAuRENT, of Philadelphia, spent two weeks in collecting at King and Barlett Lake, Somerset County, Maine. Mrs. William Wagner, an enthusiastic lady entomologist from New York, was also enjoying life at the same camp in the woods.
Mr. G. D. HAvILanp, who is engaged in working at Termites, 1s desi- rous of examining specimens of 7ermopsis, and will be very much obliged to any one who will send him specimens of that genus, especially of the winged forms. Spirit specimens preferred. Address: G. D. Haviland, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, England.
THE Coccip GENUS BERGROTHIA Kraatz.—I have just learned from Mr. Bergroth that the name of this genus is pre-occupied in Coleoptera
262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
by Reitter. It has all along been questionable whether the genus was a valid one; and for the present I do not care to propose a substitute, but will refer the species hitherto placed under it to Dactylopius.—T. D. A. COCKERELL.
FoLLow1nG A MisTAKE.—In Dr. Uhler’s list of Heteroptera by some mistake, I suppose, the family Berytidz is placed before the section Rho- palina, of the family Coreidz. Various lists of Heteroptera lately pub- lished follow blindly this mistake. It reflects but little credit on American entomology that authors should betray ignorance both of the literature of the subject and of the insects themselves. For the. use of the word ‘“Rhopalina,’’ a knowledge of the insects, or a glance at some of Dr. Uhler’s later papers ought to arouse a suspicion that there was something wrong in placing Harmostées in the Berytide.
THE ‘‘FourTH”’ AT JAMESBURG, N. J.—For the fourth time the ento- mologists of Philadelphia, Newark, Brooklyn and New York united in fraternal intercourse at Jamesburg, N. J., on Independence Day. On arriving in Jamesburg the party was driven to the grounds ‘‘a la buck- board”’ and soon a “‘still hunt’’ after specimens of the various orders was in operation. But alas! whether due to the fact that umbrellas were in a - minority, or to the detonation of a huge bomb, set off by Schmitz and imported by him from China at a large expense, and which Dr. Skinner assured the crowd was a fake, and would make no more noise than the ordinary shooter sold at five cents per hundred, rain set in shortly after the arrival. Fortunately, for a large number of the party, coleopterists with their always-present umbrellas were out in force, and fortunately for the beetles these were soon used for other purposes than that for which
they were chiefly brought. Coleopterists show much foresight in choosing
extra large umbrellas.
Thanks to Mr. Conerty, the man who kindly looks after our wants on the occasion, and the rest of the time raises cranberries by the bogful, the party was housed in the large sorting room attached to his barn and but a short time was required to forget the rain and to dispel any vindictive wrath that may have been harbored against the deceptive weather prophet who, on the day preceding, had suavely prophesied that ‘‘the day we celebrate will be an ideal day.”’
Matters were enlivened by a banjo, skillfully played by Mr. Weidt, and then followed several hours of song and general merriment in which alk participated uninterruptedly, save when a luckless moth, disturbed by the merrymakers, attempted to escape by flying against the windows, which of course sent several Lepidopterists chasing after it, or when a visit was made to the ‘‘ Quelle”’ for refreshment.
Historian J. B. Smith read a review of the previous meetings, which was replete with witticisms and indicated his ability to deal with historical subjects as skillfully as with the characters of Noctuidz and Lachnosterna. Later, a discussion on sugaring took the excursionist’s attention, and was participated in by essrs. Ottolengui, J. Johnson and others.
SPE PR ete,
A ag ek a i cel
- 1985. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 263
Messrs. Herpers, Laurent and H. Wenzel, made addresses. Mr. Wen- zel’s talk was brief, but to the point.
It was unanimously decided, after discussion, to hold the next outing in the Orange Mountains, in the northern part of New Jersey, and, out of justice to the Philadelphia collectors, to hold it in the vicinity of that city in 1897. e
The party included the following persons: Philadelphia—Hoyer, Boer- ner, Seiss, H. Griffith, S. Griffith, Liebeck, Trescher, Schmitz, C. John- son, J. Johnson, W. Johnson, Castle, Rodd, JLaurent, Fox, H. Wenzel, H. Wenzel, Jr., E. Wenzel, Nell, Skinner, Reinicke. _Newark-—Stortz, Bischoff, Herpers, Weidt, Brehm, Seib. Brooklyn—Smith, Roberts, Meeske, Sherman, Reinoldt. New York—Ottolengui. Reading—Mengel. Wilmington—Jones. F.
UNCLE JOTHAM’S BOARDER. ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON.
I’ve kep’ summer boarders for years and allowed I knowed all the sorts that there be;
But there come an old feller this season along, That turned out a beater for me.
Whatever that feller was arter, I vow I hain’t got the slightest idee.
He had an old bait net of thin, rotten stuff That a minner could bite his way through;
But he never went fishin’, at least in the way That fishermen gen’ally do;
But he carried that bait net wherever he went, The handle was j’inted in two.
And the bottles and boxes that chap fetched along! Why, a doctor would never want more;
If they held pills and physic he’d got full enough To fit out a medicine store.
And he’d got heaps of pins, dreffle lengthy and slim, Allers droppin’ about on the floor.
Well, true as I live, that old feller jest spent His hull days in loafin’ about
And pickin’ up hoppers and roaches and flies, Not to use for his bait to ketch trout,
But to kill and stick pins in and squint at and all; He was crazy ’s a coot, th’ain’t no doubt.
He'd see a poor miller a flyin’ along— The commonest, every-day kind—
And he’d waddle on arter it, fat as he was, And foller up softly ahind,
Till he’d flop that air bait net right over its head, And Id laugh till nigh out of my mind.
264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
Why, he’d lay on the ground for an hour at a stretch And scratch in the dirt like a hen;
He’d scrape all the bark off the bushes and trees, And turn the stones over, and then
He’d peek under logs, or he’d pry into holes; I’m glad ther’ ain’t no more sech men !
My wife see a box in his bed-room, one day, Jest swarmin’ with live caterpillars,
He fed ’em on leaves off of all kind of trees, The ellums and birches and willers;
And he’d got piles of boxes chock full to the top With crickets and bees and moth millers.
I asked him, one time, what his business might be, Of course I fust made some apology—
He tried to explain, but sech awful big words ! Sort o’ forren, outlandish and collegey,
’*S near ’s I can tell, ’stead of enterin’ a trade, He was tryin’ to jest enter mology.
And Hannah, my wife, says she’s heerd o’ sech things; She guesses his brain warn’t so meller;
There’s a thing they call Nat’ral Histerry, she says, And, whatever the folks there may tell her,
Till it’s settled she’s wrong she’ll jest hoid that air man Was a Nat’ral Histerrical feller.
THE MARX COLLECTION OF ARACHNIDA.—The eminent arachnologist, Dr. George Marx, of Washington, D. C., died Jan. 3, 1895. His impor- tant collection of Arachnida has been placed by his widow in charge of the undersigned committee of the Entomological Society of Washington, to be disposed of by sale. The collection is one of the most important in existence. It contains more than one thousand species of Aranzina alone. Of this one thousand species, about five hundred are described species from North America. These are described among 175 genera. The families Theridiidz, Epeiride and Theraphosidz are particularly- well represented, and have been identified largely by some well-known authority. The Theridiide were in the hands of the late Count Keyser- ling, and about thirty of his species have their types in this collection. The Theraphosidz have been recently in the hands of Simon, of Paris, while Dr. McCook has examined the Epeiridz. In addition to these 500 described American species there are about 200 species of European spiders properly identified and labeled, and nearly 300 American species which bear Dr. Marx’s manuscript names. There is further a great mass of material which has never been worked up.
The species are, many of them, represented by many specimens. The collection is contained in vials in Muller’s fluid, and the vials are arranged
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 265
in the standard trays of Dr. Marx’s own invention as figured and described in Riley’s ‘‘ Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects’? (Smithso- nian Institution, Part F, Bulletin 39, U. S. National Museum). The col- lection is of special interest, aside from the number of species, on account of the excellent representation of the boreal fauna. There are many : specimens from Alaska on the west and Labrador on the east. In addi- | tion, all parts of America, north of Mexico, are represented. Besides the Aranzina there are many specimens of Scorpionida, Solpugida and Pseudoscorpionida and Pedipalpi.
After due consideration of the fact that the funds of most public institu- tions are deficient; and that it is never possible to secure for a collection of this kind an amount which is at all commensurate with the labor ex- pended upon it, we have decided to offer, for the present, this collection for sale for the sum of fifteen hundred dollars ($1500).
Correspondence relative to the collection or its possible purchase may be addressed to any member of the committee:
C. V. RiLey (deceased), U. S. National Museum. « L. O. Howarp, U. S. Department of Agriculture. E. A. Scnwarz, U. S. Department of Agriculture. : THEODORE GILL, Smithsonian Institution.
P. S.—With the collection will be delivered to the purchaser Dr. Marx’s- large and valuable library on Arachnida, comprising all the important works on the group, well bound, together with several hundred pamphlets.
- as
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending ; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an-
_ nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENToMOLoGICAL NrEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
- Entomological Literature.
1. NATURGESCHICHTE DER INSEKTEN DEUTSCHLANDS, Erichson. Ber- lin, Erste Abtheilung, Band v.—Coleoptera, G. Seidlitz.
2. ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDELELSER, KJOBENHAVN, V, I, 2.—Rheuma- tobates bergrothi n. sp., F. Meinert.
3. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENKRANKHEITEN. Stuttgart, v, 3.—On insect enemies of Pinus si/vestris and P. austriaca, K. Sajo.
266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
4. Novirates ZooLocica. London, vol. ii, 2.—Descriptions of new species of butterflies, G. Smith. New species and genera of Geome- tride in the Tring Museum, W. Warren. New species of Rhopalocera from the Solomon Islands, W. Rothschild.
5. OpuscuLA EnTomocoecica, C. G. Thomson, Lund, fase. xix.—Bi- drag till kannedom om Tryphonider. Fasc. xx.—Bidrag till Braconidernas kannedom.
6. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, Zoology, pt. 122.—Arachnida- Araneidea, O. P. Cambridge. Coleoptera, parts by G. C. Champion and D. Sharp. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera, F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Lepidoptera-Heterocera, H. Druce. Rhynchota-~-Homoptera, W. W. Fowler.——pt. 123.—Coleoptera (iii, pt. 1, pp. 361-376, pls. 15, 16), G. C. Champion. Coleoptera (iv, pt. 6, pp. 33-48, pl. 2), D. Sharp. Hymen- optera (ii, pp. 361-368), P. Cameron. Lepidoptera Heterocera (ii, pp. 209-232, pl. 60), H. Druce. Rhyncota Homoptera (ii, pp. 81-88, pl. 6), W. W. Fowler.
7. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IowA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1894, vol. ii.— Insects, H. F. Wickham. Plant Lice infesting grass-roots, H. Osborn and F, A. Sirrine. Some bred parasitic Hymenoptera in the Iowa Agri- cultural College collection, A. M. Beach. Psyllide found at Ames, C. W. Mally.
8. VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOL.-BOT. GESELLSCHAFT IN WIEN, xlv, Heft 6.—Remarks on varieties of some butterflies natives of Buko- wina, C. v. Hormuzaki.
g. JOURNAL TRINIDAD FIELD NATURALITS’ Cup, vol. ii, No. 7.—Notes on Trinidad butterflies, Lechmere Guppy, Jr.
10. PsycHe, August, 1895.—Notes on the Winter insect fauna of Vigo County, Indiana, W. S. Blatchley. Habits and parasites of St#igmus in- ordinatus Fox, A. Davidson. Prickly leaf-gall of Rhodites tumidus on Rosa fendleri, C. H. T. Townsend. The Bombylid genus Acreotrichus in America, D. W. Coquillett. New North American Odonata, ii, A. P. Morse. Notes on moths, Caroline G. Soule. Proc. Cambridge Ent. Club— Colias hecla, Lycena xerces.——September, 1895.—Notes on the Winter insect fauna of Vigo County, Indiana, iii, W. S. Blatchley. Some habits of Formica obscuripes Forel, with notes-on some insects found associated with it, G. B. King. New North American bees, T. D. A. Cockerell. A Mutillid which resembles thistle-down, ibid. New species of Coccide, ibid.
11. ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION, vol. vi, No. 12.—The Hadenoid genera with hairy eyes, A. R. Grote.
12. PROCEEDINGS CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, sef. ii, voi. v. —Third Report on some Mexican Hymenoptera, principally from Lower California, W. J. Fox.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 267
13. TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, vol. xxii, No. 2.—Studies in Coccinellidee, George H.-Horn, M.D. Notes on bees, with descriptions of new species, Charles Robertson. The Crabronine of Boreal America, W. J. Fox.
14. THE ENTOMOLOGIST, vol. xxviii, No. 387.—Notes on the synonymy of Noctuid moths, A. G. Butler.
15. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, vol. xxvii, No. 8.—Occupants of the galls of Eurosta solidaginis Fitch, W. H. Harrington. New North American Mycetophilidz, D. W. Coquillett. On the subglobular species. of Lecanium, T. D. A. Cockerell. On the cabbage-shaped gall of Ce- cidomyia, Salicis brassicoides and its occupants, C. H. T. Townsend. Descriptions of the larvz of certain Tenthredinide, H. G. Dyar. The Coleoptera of Canada, H. F. Wickham. List of Coleoptera collected at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C. Preliminary studies in Siphon- optera, Carl F. Baker. The generic types included in Apatila, A. R. Grote. Notes on butterflies, F. H. Sprague. Melsheimer’s sack-bearer, J. A. Moffat.—~—xxvii, No. 9.—Notes on collecting butterflies in western Colorado, with a particular account of certain Papilios, W. H. Edwards. Notes of some southern Lepidoptera, H. G. Dyar. The Coleoptera of Canada, xiii, H. F. Wickham. Miscellaneous notes on Coccide, T. D. A. Cockerell. The Boreal American species of Pamphila, H. Skinner. Notes upon the North American Saturnina, with list of the species.
16. AMERICAN NATURALIST, vol. xxix, No. 344.—Contributions to Coc- cidology, i, T. D. A. Cockerell. A new Tettix, J. L. Hancock. On the early stages of some Carabide and Chrysomelide, H. F. Wickham. Cecidomyia atriplesis, T. D. A. Cockerell. Mexican jumping beans, F. L. Harvey.
17. THE ENtomo.ocist. London, August, 1895.—Variety, form, race and aberration, W. Mansbridge. A revised classification of the genus Ateuchus (Weber), J. W. Shipp. Notes on the synonymy of Noctuid moths (cont.), A. G. Butler.——September, 1895.—Varietal terminology, W. F. deV. Kane. The senses of insects, J. Arkle. On the origin of the European Rhopalocera, and the effects produced by the glacial period upon their present distribution and diversity, W. H. Bath.
18. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND: SCIENCES, vol. ix, pt. 2.—Canadian spiders, J. H. Emerton.
19. ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, No. 92.—Notes on some genera and species of Coccide, W. M. Maskell. Description of two new spiders obtained by Messrs. J. J. Quelch and F. McConnell on
’ the summit of Mount Roraima, in Demerara, with a note upon the sys-
tematic position of the genus Desus, R. I. Pocock. Further notes on Cutiterebra: on the identity of certain species described by the late Bracy Clarke, E. E. Austen. Descriptions of new Coleoptera in the
268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ October,
British Museum, C. C, Waterhouse. Description of new genera and species of Trap-door spiders belonging to the group Trionychi, R. I.
Pocock, ‘e
20. MEMOIRES DE L’ACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES DE ST. PE- TERSBURG, viit série, T. xlii, 11.—Industry of the Araneina, W. Wagner.
21. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, xxii, {extract].—A review of the Stratiomyia and Odontomyia of N. America, C, W. Johnson.
22. JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN Society, Zoology, No. 158.—On the morphology of the Pedipalpi, M. Laurie.
23. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris, T. vii, No. 1.--Salivary glands of the Apinz (Afis mellifica % and 3), L. Bordas.
24. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN, xxii, No. 7.—The last descriptions of the Abbé Provancher (cont.).
25. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- DELPHIA, 1895, pp. 303-340 [extract ].—Diptera of Florida, C. W. Johnson, with additiona! descriptions of new genera and species, D. W. Coquillett.
26. THE ELEMENTS OF INSECT ANATOMY, H. Comstock and V. L. Kellogg—Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y., 1895. .
27. Insect LiFf, vii, 5.—Experiments with Winter washes against the San José scale, season of 1894-95, C. L. Marlatt. The Hippelates plague in Florida, E. A. Schwarz. The beet-leaf Pegomyia, L. O. Howard. Two Dipterous leaf-miners on garden vegetables, D. W. Coquillett. Some Coleopterous enemies of the grape-vine, F. H. Chittenden. The currant
stem-girdler, C. L. Marlatt. Observations on certain Thripide, Th. Per-
gande. An imported library pest, E. A. Schwarz. Two Dipterous in- sects injurious to cultivated flowers, D. W. Coquillett. An injurious parasite, L.O. Howard. The horse-radish flea-beetle, F. H. Chittenden. A new wheat pest, D. W. Coquillett. Notes on Paris-green, C. L. Mar- latt. Some changes in nomenclature, F. H. C. A new furniture pest, E. A. S. The home of the chinch bug, E. A. S. How Hemiptera feed, C. L. Marlatt.
28. ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, ZOOLOGIE, T. xx, Nos. I, 2, 3.—Male genital apparatus of the Hymenoptera, L. Bordas.
29. AMERICAN NaTurRAList. Philadelphia, September, 1895.—A new
classification of the Lepidoptera (cont.), A. S. Packard. Chordeumidz or Craspedosomatidz ?, O. F. Cook. On the generic names Strigamia, Linotenia and Scolioplanes, O. F. Cook. Picobia villosa (Hancock), J. L. Hancock.
30. Nature. London, No. 1347.—On the origin of European and North American ants, C. Emery.
+ ee -
: *
_—_
Ee ae
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 269
31. ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER (Abtheilung fiir Systematik, Geographie und Biologie), Jena, viii, Bd. H. 4.—Contribution to the knowledge of the ground spiders (Aranez Citrigrade Thor.) of Russia, P. Schmidt, ibid. (Abtheilung fiir Anatomie und Ontogenie der Thiere). Contribu- tion to the knowledge of the finer contexture and the phylogeny of the covering of the wings of the Lepidoptera, A. Spuler.
32. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, xix, 1.—New, or little-known Orthoptera from Lake Callabora, J. G. O. Tepper. Descriptions of new genera and species of Australian Coleop- tera (xvii), T. Blackburn.
33. ARIZONA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Tucson, Bulletin No. 14.—Notes on scale insects in Arizona, J. W. Toumey. New scale insects from Arizona, T. D. A. Cockerell.
34. PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA, xii.—The fossil cockroaches of North America, S. H. Scudder.
35. JOURNAL OF THE TRINIDAD FIELD NATURALIsTs’ CLup, ii, No. 8. —A new scale insect from Grenada, T. D. A. Cockerell. A new mealy bug on sugar-cane, ibid. The effect produced by ticks upon their hosts, C. A. Barber.—ii, No. 9.—New Trinidad spiders of the family Attidz,
_G. W. and E. G. Peckham. Description of a new Lecanium from Trin-
idad, T. D. A. Cockerell. Description of a new species of 7e/enomus, bred by Mr. E. W. Urich, from a Coccid, W. H. ans apne Notes on scale insects, i, F. W. Urich.
36. TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW ZEALAND INSTI- TUTE, xxvii.—Synoptical list of the Coccide reported from Australia and the Pacific islands up to December, 1894, W. H. Maskell.
37. LEPIDOPTERA INpiIcA, F. Moore, London, pts. 21, 22.
38. Novirates ZooLocica. London, vol. ii, No. 3.—A revision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere exclusive of Africa, W. Roths- child.
39. TECHNICAL SeERIEs of the Division of Entomology, U. S. Depart- ment of Entomology, No. 1.—Revision of the Apheline of N. America, L. O. Howard.
40. ANNALEN DES K. K. NATURHISTORISCHEN HoFMUSEUMS. Wien, x, 1.—Additions to the monograph of the natural genus Sphex Linné, F. F. Kohl.
41. ANNALES DE LA Societe ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, xxxix, pt. 7.—Notes and descriptions of new ants, C. Emery.
42. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xxi, 17, 18.—Some new west African Heteroptera of the two groups: Pentatomidz and Coreide, F. Karsch.
270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October,
[ Through inadvertence the articles in Proc, Ent. Soc. Washington, iii, 4, “‘ List of the Entomological Writings of Dr. Geo. Marx’’ and ‘‘ Notes on Nomaretus,”’ were credited to C. V. Riley in the last issue of the News. The author is E. A. Schwarz. ]
*
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper is published; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Sajo 3, Mansbridge 17, Comstock and Kellogg 26, Kane 17, Kike « 17.
MYRIAPODA. Pocock 1g (two), Cook 29 (two).
ARACHNIDA. ‘Cambridge 6, Emerton 18*, Wagner 20, Laurie 22, Hancock 29, Schmidt 31, Barber 35, Peckham 35*.
ORTHOPTERA. Hancock 16*, Spuler 32, Scudder 34. NEUROPTERA. » Morse 10%, HEMIPTERA.
Meinert 2*, Fowler 6*, Osborn and Sirrine 7, Mally 7, Blatchley 1o, Cockerell 1o*, 15*, 16*, 33*, 35 (three)*, Maskell 19, 36, Marlatt 27 (two), Pergande 27*, E. A. S. 27, Urich 35, Fowler 6*, Karsch 42.
COLEOPTERA. Seidlitz 1, Champion 6 (two)*, Sharp 6 (two)*, Wickham 7, 15, 16, Horn 13*, Keen 15, Shipp 17, Waterhouse 19, Chittenden 27 (three), Schwarz 27 (two), Blackburn 32.
DIPTERA. Coquillett ro*, 15*,25*, 27 (three)*, Harrington 15, Townsend 15, Baker 15, Cockerell 16, Austen 19, Johnson 21*, 25*, Schwarz 27, Howard 27.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Smith 4, Warren 4*, Rothschild 4, 38, Godman and Salvin 6, Druce 6 {two)*, Hormuzaki 8, Guppy 9, Soule 10, Grote 11, 15, Butler 14, Sprague 15, Harvey 16, Packard 29, Spuler 31, Bath 17, Moore 37, Edwards 15, Dyar 15*, Skinner 15.
we Se
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 271
HYMENOPTERA.
Thomson 5s, Beach 7, Davidson 10*, Townsend ro, Fox 12*, 13*, Rob- ertson 13*, Dyar 15, Bordas 23, 28, Provancher 24*, Marlatt 27, Howard 27*, 39*, Emery 30, 41, King 10, Cockerell 10 (two)*, Ashmead 35*, Cam- eron 6*, Kohl 4o*.
Doings of Societies.
JUNE II, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1509 South Thirteenth Street. Members present: Messrs. Bland, H. Wenzel, Dr. Castle, Hoyer, E. Wenzel, Haimbach, Trescher, Fox, Boerner, Schmitz and Laurent. Honorary members: Drs. Geo. H. Horn, Henry Skinner and J. B. Smith. Visitor: Mr. C. F. Seiss. Prof. Smith remarked that the larve he had exhibited about a year ago, which was doing so much damage among the young oak trees in Ocean County, N. J., was, without doubt, Goes ¢esse- lata, as he had taken the perfect imago from its burrow, less than a week ago. The larve make a burrow about six inches in length in the centre of young oak sprouts, ranging in age from ten to fifteen years and from one and a half to two inches in diameter. Mr. H. W. Wenzel replied that he had found Goes fesse/ata on just such trees, the year before in Atlantic County, N. J., on July 3rd and roth. Mr. Wenzel also exhibited specimens of Cychrus viduus taken in the upper part of New Jersey. Mr. Laurent reported taking Corymbites hamatus May 17th, at Manayunk, Philadelphia, and Pomphopea enea May tgth, at Mount Airy, Philadel- phia. Mr. Boerner exhibited the following specimens of Coleoptera: Helluomorpha nigripennis, taken at Atco N. J., on July 2nd; Ch/enius niger, from the lower part of Philadelphia, at electric lights, on May 31st, and Centrodera picta, May tgth, in Bucks County, Pa.
No further business being presented, the members adjourned to the annex, where Prof. Smith had prepared for them an excellent collation, to which ample justice was done, followed by toasts and good wishes.
THEO. H. Scumitz, Secretary.
SEPTEMBER I0, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W.: Wenzel, No. 1509 South Thirteenth Street. Members present: Drs. Castle and Griffith, Messrs. Boerner, H. W. Wenzel, Laurent, Fox, Trescher, Johnson, E. Wenzel, Hoyer and Schmitz. Honorary members: Prof. J. B. Smith and Dr. Henry Skinner, Visitor: Mr. James Stewart, Philadelphia. Meeting called to order at 8.45 P.M., Vice-President Castle presiding. An interesting paper was read
272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ October,
by Mr. Laurent, recounting the recent collecting trip made by Dr. Skinner and himself through the upper part of Maine. He exhibited their collec- tion, comprising Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. Dr. Griffith also read an interesting paper describing a trip made by Mr. Johnson and himself through North Carolina in last June; although devo- ting their time principally to the collection of fossils, they still managed to gather quite a variety of Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, which were exhibited. Prof. Smith showed a photo-engraving of the work done by Scolytus 4-spinosus, the engraving was full size and was about the most perfect ever seen; he further stated that he had bred Oeme rigida from red cedar; also a species of Scelytus which he failed to identify. Each member was presented with a copy of Prof. Smith’s annual report. Mr. H. W. Wenzel mentioned that Zucanus elaphus and Scarites sub- striatus had been found at Anglesea, N. J., during the Summer. Mr. Fox proposed Mr. C. Few Seiss for membership in the Social. Vice-President Castle presented a vote of thanks to Prof. Smith on behalf of the Social for the bounteous collation he had furnished at the close of the June meeting.
No further business being presented, the meeting adjourned to the annex. THEO. H. Scumitz, Secretary.
OBITUARY.
Dr. ADOLF GERSTAECKER, Professor of Zoology in the University of Greifswald, died on July 2oth, last.
ENTOMOLOGICAL News for September, was mailed August 28, 1895.
Ent. News, Vol. VI. Pi Sis:
Rev. J. G MORRIS, D. D.
NOVEMBER, 1895.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION,
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VoL. v1. NOVEMBER, 18095. No. 9. CONTENTS:
Rev. J..G. Morris, D. D...........-.00 273 | Economic Entomology .........+++++.- 292 Laurent—On cocoons of Saturniidz... 274 | Notes and News... .....+-sseeeceeeeees 296 Slosson—Season on Mt. Washington... 276 | Entomological Literature ............. 298 Osburn—Rhopalocera of Tennessee.... 281 : Doings of Societies.......5........200% 308 Knaus—A new collecting ground, etc.. 284 | Entomological Section...-.........-.++ 302 Ottolengui—Tyes in Neumoegen coll... 287 | Ehrmann—Desc. of female P. pelaus... 303 andthe Laie kira See aor |
Rev. J. G. MORRIS, D. D.
Dr. Morris, the venerable Lutheran clergyman and well-known entomologist, died at his home at Lutherville (near Baltimore, Md.), on October the tenth, aged ninety-two years.
John Goodlove Morris was a son of Dr. John Morris, a sur- geon in the Revolutionary War, whose commission was signed by Washingtcn, and who died in his fifty-third year in 1805. Dr. Morris was born in York, Pa., Nov. 14, 1803. He was pre- pared for college at York County Academy, and at the age of seventeen years was admitted to the sophomore class at Nassau Hall, Princeton. Later he was transferred to Dickinson College, where he entered the senior class, and was graduated in 1822, taking the prize awarded the best declaimer. In October, 1826, having become a Lutheran minister, he was licensed to preach in Winchester, Va., and was soon called to the organization which afterward formed the First Lutheran Church, Baltimore. Here he remained thirty-three years.
Dr. Morvis had been a lecturer before the Smithsonian Institu- tion, was a member of the Royal Ante-Columbian Society of Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen, of Die Naturhistorische Gesellschaft zu Nuremberg, Bavaria; of the Royal Historical So- ciety, London; for twenty years an active member of the Amer- ican Association for the Advancement of Science, and chairman
9
274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
of the entomological sub-section of the same. He was elected a member of the American Entomological Society in 1859, a correspondent of The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, in 1844, and was a member of the American Philosophical So- ciety, and read an important paper at the celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of that institution and was also a member of very many church organizations. Dr. Morris was a prolific writer on religious subjects as well as those of a scien- tific character. His principal contributions to the literature of entomology were very valuable; they were a ‘‘ Catalogue of the Described Lepidoptera of North America,’’ prepared for the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1860, and *‘ Synopsis of —
the Described Lepidoptera of North America.’’ Part I: Diurnal and Crepuscular Lepidoptera. Washington, 1862. The latter work contained descriptions of the then known Diurne, Sphin- gidze and Bombycidz. He was a professor of Natural History in the Maryland University, and possessed a fine collection of Lepidoptera. Dr. Morris was a delightful old gentleman, and his interest in entomology never abated in the least. We hada very pleasant visit from him when he came here to attend the celebration at the rooms of the American Philosophical Society.
ray Vv
Notes on the Cocoons of Certain Species of Saturniide. By PHILIP LAURENT.
In the September number of the ‘‘ Canadian Entomologist,”’ vol. xxvii, pp. 263-271, will be found a very interesting article by A. Radcliffe Grote, A.M. The article, among other things, treats of the manner in which certain of our North American Saturniidz construct their cocoons. Two of our species, both of which are quite common in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, are here recorded as spinning their cocoons some distance above the ground, the one with a pedicel of silk to a small limb or branch, while the other as spinning its cocoon in the leaves. and falling to the ground when the leaves fall.
Now, the fact is, as regards these two species ( Cad/osamia an- gulifera and Actias /una), at least as far as their habits in Penn- sylvania and New Jersey.are concerned, and I doubt not but what it is the same wherever the species are found, that both angulifera and luna, as a rule, with few exceptions, descend the
Ent. News, Vol. VI. Pl. XIII.
COGOONS.—LAURENT.
A teen “aeons
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 275
tree to the ground to construct their cocoons. The only food- plant of angu/ifera that I am acquainted with is the tulip poplar, and under this tree I have found hundreds of anxgu/ifera cocoons, the position of the cocoon in every case showing conclusively that the larve had descended the tree and spun their cocoons where I found them. In the majority of cases more or less grass was fastened to the cocoon, and then again the cocoon would be found fastened against an old log or stone. In no case was there a pedicel of silk attached to the cocoon, in fact the cocoon of angulifera does not in any way resemble that of its near relative —promethea—but approaches more to that of Actzas luna.
From time to time I have seen it stated that the cocoon of an- gulifera was suspended in the same manner as promethea. Some years ago, before I was as well acquainted with the life-histories of our large Saturniide as I am to-day, I made a test-case: I gathered all the cocoons found suspended on the tulip poplar tree, several huridred in number, and when the imago emerged all proved to be promethea. Actias /una has the same habits as angulifera, and the only cocoon I ever found suspended above the ground, and attached to a leaf, is now in my collection, kept as a curiosity, and bears the following label: ‘‘ This cocoon found attached to an oak leaf about four feet above the ground, col- lected at Germantown, Pa., Feb., 1891.’’ I have tried time and again to find the cocoon of Actias una suspended up among the leaves, but the foregoing is the only instance that has come under my observation. One of the best places to find Zuma cocoons, as every Philadelphia collector knows, is down around the base of the tree, particularly so if there is any-grass or rubbish around the tree. I have found as many as five or six cocoons around the base of one tree when the conditions were as above stated.
This habit of spinning the cocoon at the base of the tree is more strongly developed in /uza than in angulifera, the latter generally being found some distance from the tree, anywhere from five to twenty feet or more.
The specimens of cocoons figured are from the collection of Philip Laurent and Dr. Henry Skinner.
: EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. Figs. 1, 2 and 3, Actias luna.
-“ 4,5 and 6, Callosamia angulifera. 7, 8, 9 and 10, Cadlosamia promethea.
276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
THE SEASON ON MT. WASHINGTON. By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOssON.
I have made three trips to Mt. Washington this Summer. My first was in July. On the afternoon of the 4th I went from Franconia with a companion to Fabyan’s, where we met our good friend, the sphagnostic, and with him a learned judge and botanist from Massachusetts. We took the 4.40 train up the mountain. This was the first visit for many years of the legal plant collector, and his excitemeut and enthusiasm were un- bounded. He flew from side to side of the car, looking eagerly out and uttering strange exclamations, such as ‘‘Geum!’’ *‘ Le- dum!’ ‘‘ Potentilla tridentata!’’ and ‘‘ Vaccinium vitis-idza!’’ In the brief stops at tanks or wood-stations he sprang from the train to the intense amazement and amusement of the unscientific passengers; coming back at the last instant, breathless but happy, with hands and pockets full of weedy-looking treasure.
It was a warm and pleasant. day, but grew cold as we neared the summit. As the train stopped in front of the hotel I went at once to investigate the sun-warmed walls of the house. Alas! what a cruel sight met my gaze. Insect life! no, it was insect death. The house had been painted a few days before, during a spell of very warm, still weather, and on that surface of dazzling white, tempting and treacherous, thousands on thousands of in- sects had met their fate. The walls were peppered, or—to use the expression of a frivolous and punning young friend—stuccoed with Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and other orders. The greater part of these victims were utter wrecks and unrecogniza- ble, and I was glad it was so; I did not want to know what I had lost. I rescued some beetles which were so strangely maculated with the white paint as to look like new and wonderful species. The painters and carpenters who had been working on the house in June told me that the weather had been very warm in that month and the insects numerous and annoying, swarming and buzzing about their heads and lighting on their faces and hands. There was little collecting that first evening. It was cold and we were glad to sit around the big stove in the hall and talk of what we should do next day. I searched the house, examined windows and walls, and took a few insects of no great interest,
The next day opened well, with sunshine and warm, soft air,
ES: ets
1895. ] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 277
and insects were fairly abundant. But the afternoon and evening were dark and wet, and the next day it rained ceaselessly. But in the bright hours of our first collecting day, botanists and en- tomologists had taken specimens enough to keep each one busy through most of the cloudy weather. We worked in our rooms, leaving doors open and exchanging ideas, comparing notes and boasting mutually of our respective captures. Many times during that day the botanists came to my table where I was pinning, stretching or mounting my insects, bringing small contributions found among their alpine plants. I seem still to see the judge as he ran in upon one occasion, his face beaming, his thumb and forefinger pressed tightly together and held out towards me. ** Where shall I put him?’’ he cried, ‘‘ beautiful specimen, smooth and shining.’’ I quickly produced a cyanide bottle, and over its open mouth he unclosed his fingers; alas! there was nothing there; the very smoothness and shine of which its captor spoke so exultantly had helped it to freedom, and it had slipped away forever. But this loss was quite forgotten when, a few minutes later, the same botanist brought a fine specimen of Nottophilus stbiricus which had run across his drying papers out of some mosses. The sphagnostic contributed several good things, among them that tiny and rare little Coceinellid, Hyperaspis lugubris, and two or three small Staphylinide. In the material taken the day before I found some very good things. There were several specimens of a pretty little weevil, Anthonomus xanthocnemis Dietz, Mordella serval. Scymnus puncticollis and Corphyra cyanipennis, all new to my Mt. Washington list. There were also some interesting Ichneumonidz, and a few good Dip- tera. On the afternoon of the 6th two more botanists joined our ranks, both old acquaintances. How the old house rang that evening with the sound of strange, polysyllabic words, excited talk filled with mysterious phrases, cabalistic and incomprehen- sible to all but the favored few.
The next day was alternately fair and foggy; an hour of sun- shine, then thick clouds, fog, and an occasional drizzle of rain. But we found many specimens both of plants and insects. In the intervals of sunshine flies, bees and small beetles gathered on the arenaria, potentilla and earliest golden-rod, and the air seemed alive with tiny Diptera and Hymenoptera. The smaller para- sitica were very abundant, Chalcids, Braconidz and Proctotru-
278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
pide, among which Mr. Ashmead has found many interesting species. A tiny Chalcid, with striped wings, was abundant every- where on flowers and leaves, windows and walls. One rainy day I counted forty of them on the upper sash of my bedroom win- dow. It was one of the Encyrtinze, /sodromus montanus, Ash- mead MSS. The genus, Mr. Ashmead tells me, is parasitic on Chrysopa larve, generally issuing from their cocoons. And this reminds me that the green lace-winged fly of the summit which I had seen year after year and occasionally collected, was this Spring determined by Mr. Nathan Banks as MWeleoma signoretti Fitch. I had never examined the species closely, taking it for granted that it was Chrysopa oculata, or some other common species. But it has distinct structural differences when compared with Chrysopa, having the antennz more widely separated, and between them a sort of horn or tubercle. Mr. Banks called my attention to this in the one specimen I sent him last May, and this season I took several more of the same insect. I think there has been no record of its capture since its first description by Fitch. Neuroptera are few on the mountain; I took two or three species of Hemerobius, the little Leuctra tenuzs, which rolls its. wings up tightly when at rest like a Craméus, and Platyphylax designata. Of Odonata I saw only Diplax rubicundula this season.
Monday, the 8th, was one of the best days of the Summer— warm, bright and still. Insect life swarmed everywhere, and my bottles, boxes, stretching-boards and hands were more than full. As usual, every one contributed to my store, and I am glad to acknowledge here my Obligations, not only to my fellow-natu- ralists, but to all the kindly people connected with the hotel. These took a warm interest in my collection and brought me many good things. The engineer of the hotel, Mr. William Colby, is a very observant and successful collector, and to him I owe many of my rarest insects. It was he who brought me my first speeimen of /balia maculipennis, that large and odd Cynipid, and he found for me also Adelocera brevicornis and Harpalus varicornis, both new to my list.
During the rest of my stay on the mountain the weather was variable, sometimes fair, oftener foggy and wet. One evening another entomologist arrived, a Coleopterist, from Boston. With him was a young physician, not entomological himself, but an
E 1 :
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ery)
excellent collector for others, as I am glad to testify. And now there was a great upheaval of the old mountain and alpine beetles were in serious danger of extinction. The Coleopterist and his obliging friend left, literally, no stone unturned. The summit looked as if shaken by an earthquake, and the ground was full
_of holes and pits of irregular shapes, from which heavy stones
had been dragged by the brawny arms of these athletic and eager collectors. I have nothing but praise for this pair. If, where Coleoptera were concerned, they seemed grasping and niggardly, I must own that with insects of other orders they were most generous and free-handed, and they shared with me—nay, gave me all of the flies, bees, bugs and spiders found incidentally while
_ searching for their precious beetles. One day, while sitting at
my window busy over my treasures, I heard a call, and looking out saw the young doctor holding a large stone in his uplifted right hand as if in the act of hurling at my window glass, Look- ing more closely I detected something peculiar on the stone’s surface, and ran out with a cyanide bottle. There, resting tor- pidly on the stone, was a perfect, fresh, lovely specimen of Arctia quenseliz, the first I had ever seen alive. The same obliging youth added several specimens of the rare MWeleoma, of which I have spoken, to my collection; and the Coleopterist brought me some of my choicest Tenthredinidz and Diptera.
Under stones the same Carabidz, Byrrhidze and Elateridz, so numerous in former seasons, were abundant now. Of Staphy!- inidee, the little Philonthus palliatus, was most plentiful, its bril- liant orange elytra shining brightly in the darkness as we turned over the stones. Cicindela vulgaris flew over the carriage-road, and was found, on cold days, torpid under sticks and stones. I took but one C. /ongi/abris this year, and one C. purpurea, the latter new to my mountain list. In Diptera I captured several new species and many rare things. One of the most interesting, so says Mr. Coquillett, was a little black Leptid, the Spanza edeta of Walker. In this order I added some ninety additional species to my list. In Hymenoptera, one of the most common species was Cryptus extrematis a pretty red and black insect with apex of abdomen white. This I had hitherto taken only in southern Florida. Several of the Scolytide were abundant. especially Polygraphus rufipennis, which gathered on the windows and walls and filled the air by hundreds. I took in this group, also,
280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. { November,
Tomicus pini and Xyloterus bivittatus. In Hemiptera I found sev- eral rare and interesting species, among them a tiny Sa/da at the edges of pools, on the summit, which is perhaps new.
In Lepidoptera I found less than usual, the weather not being favorable. Plusia vaccinit and two species of Anarta were, as usual, flying over the rocks and about blossoms. The little’ Sciaphila meschleriana was also abundant around golden-rod near the ‘‘ cow pasture’ and in the alpine garden. Grapta faunus, G. gracilis and Limenitis arthemis were flying along the carriage- road up to the very summit. Argynnis montinus was not seen during my first visit, but in a later trip to the mountain in August I took several. It was in this later visit that I captured, on golden-rod in the alpine garden, a very remarkable and hand- some Hepialus. It resembles, in marking and coloration, the European 7. ganna or some of its varieties, but is, I think, much larger than any of these. I am still absent from my own collection and have no access to others, and have consequently been unable to make the necessary examination and comparison. None of this group have been recorded from the White Mountains.
Two years ago I found a singular Bombycid larva on the sum- mit and referred to it in one of my papers. This season I found two or three more of the same kind and sent one to Mr. Dyar. He thinks it the larva of Dasychira rossiz, and will doubtless re- port the results of his examination.
One of the most noticeable things in insect life on Mt. Wash- ington this season was the abundance and destructiveness of one of the oil-beetles, Fpzcauta cinerea. Last Summer I found one specimen on the summit; this year they were there in countless numbers devouring plants of all species.
On the whole I am satisfied with the results of my season’s collecting on the mountain. I spent twenty-three days in all on the summit, and but a very small proportion of these were really favorable as to weather. Yet I have added over three hundred species to my former lists, and among these are at least fifteen or twenty new to science. I shall soon print their names in another additional list.
Out of eighteen papers presented at the section of Zoology of the American Association, at Springfield, eight were on entomological sub- jects.
i
1895. | . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 281
RHOPALOCERA OF TENNESSEE.—II.
By WILLIAM OSBURN.
26. Thecla halesus Cram.—Rare; August and September. One brood; probably hibernates in the pupa state. Food-plant, oak.
27. T. m-album Bd.-Lec.—Rare; June to September. Two broods; probably the pupa hibernates. Food-plant, oak.
28. T. humuli Harr.—Rare; June to September. Two broods, possibly three; probably the pupa hibernates. Food- plant, hop vine.
29. 7. smilacis Bd.-Lec.—Rare; June and August. Two broods; probably the pupa hibernates. Food plant, smilax.
30. 7: peas Hiib.—Common in dense woods; May to Sep- tember. Two broods. Food-plant unknown.
31. Feniseca tarquinius Fabr —Rare; June and August. Two broods ; probably hibernates in the pupa state. Carnivorous, feeding on Aphides found on alder, wild currant, etc.
32. Lycena pseudargiolus Bd.-Lec.—Rare; May to August.
Two broods; the chrysalis probably hibernates. Food-plants:
dogwood, rattleweed, etc.
33. L. comyntas Gdt.—Abundant; April to September. Three broods; the chrysalis hibernates. Feoal plant. red clover.
34. Pieris protodice Bd.-Lec.—Abundant; March to Novem- ber. Several broods, probably four; the pupa hibernates. - Food- plants: plantain, etc. Not destructive to cabbage in this section; the light form is sometimes the female; the Winter form, vernalis, emerges in March.
35. P. rape Linn.—Abundant; March to November. Four broods, possibly more; the pupa hibernates. Food-plant, cab- bage.
_ 36. Nathalis iole Bdv.—Rare; July and August. One brood, possibly two. Food-plant unknown. :
37. Catopsilia eubule Linn.—-Rare ; July to September. One brood; the pupa probably hibernates. Food-plant, senna.
38. Meganostoma cesonia Stoll.—Rare; April to September. Three broods; the pupa hibernates. Food-plant, clover.
39. Colias eurytheme Bdvy.—Somewhat common; June to Sep- tember. Two broods, possibly three; the pupa probably hiber- nates. Food-plant, clover.
282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, _ [ November,
40. C. philodice Gdt.—Abundant; May to October. Three or more broods; the pupa hibernates. Food-plant, clover. Ex- amples of var. a/écn7c were taken in July and August.
41. Terias nicippe Cram.—Abundant; June to October. Three broods ; probably hibernates in the pupa state. Food-plant, senna. :
42. 7. lisa Bd.-Lec.—Somewhat common; July to October. Two broods; probably hibernates in the pupa state. Food-plant, clover. Var. ada occasionally observed.
43. Papilio ajax Linn.—Somewhat common; April to October. Two broods; the pupa hibernates. Food-plant, pawpaw. Var. — marcellus taken in the Summer months. .
44. P. turnus Linn.—Somewhat common; April to September. Two broods; the pupa hibernates. Food-plants: apple, cherry, etc. Var. 2 glaucus frequently seen in August and September.
45. P. cresbhontes Cram.-—Rare; June to September. Two broods; the pupa hibernates. Food-plant, prickly ash.
46. P. asterias Fabr.—Rare; July and August. Two broods; the pupa hibernates. Food-plant, parsnip. —
47. P. troilus Linn.—Somewhat common; July to September. Two broods; the pupa hibernates. _ Food-plant, sassafras.
48. P. philenor Linn.—Abundant; April to October. Prob- ably three broods; probably hibernates in the pupa state. Food- plant, probably Virginia snakeroot.
49. Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr.—Common; May to Septem- ber. Two broods; the larva probably hibernates. Food-plant, grass.
50. Pamphila zabulon Bd.-Lec.—Common; May to August. Two broods. Food plant, grass.
51. P. huron Edw.—Abundant ; April to September. Three broods. Food-plant unknown.
52. P. phyleus Dru —Somewhat common; June to September. Two broods. Food plant, grass.
53. P. egerement Scud.—Rare; June to August. Probably two broods. Food plant unknown.
54. P. cernes Edw.—Somewhat common; May to August. Three broods. Food-plant unknown. _
55. P. manataagua Scud,—Rare; one specimen, August. One brood. Food-plant, grass. .
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 283.
56. P. verna Edw.—Rare; August. One brood. Food-plant unknown. |
57. P. metacomet Harr.—Rare; June to os eal Two broods. Food-plant, grass.
58. P. bimacula G. and R.—Rare. One brood. Food-plant unknown. ;
59. P. yehl Skinner (see Ent. 'NEws, vol. iv, p. 212).—June and September. Two broods. Food-plant unknown.
6c. Amblyscirtes textor Hiib.—Rare; June to September. Two broods. Food-plant unknown. Found in dense woods and along the dry beds of creeks.
61. Pyrgus tessellata Scud.—Abundant; June to October. Two broods. Food-plant unknown.
62. Nisioniades juvenalis Fabr.—Rare; April to September. Two broods; the pupa hibernates, Food-plants: species of Apzos and Lathyrus.
63. LV. petronius Lint —Somewhat common; April to Sep- tember. Two broods. Food-plant unknown.
64. Pholisora catullus Fabr.—Abundant; April to September. Three broods.” Food-plants: Monarda punctata, Chenopodium album, etc. |
65. P. hayhurstit Edw.—Rare; May to August. Two broods. Food-plant unknown.
66. Eudamus pylades Scud.—Somewhat common; June to August. Two broods. Food-plant, clover.
67. £. bathyllus S. and A.—Common; June to August. Probably two broods. Food-plant unknown.
68. Eudamus lycidas S. and A.—Somewhat common; May to August. Two broods. Food-plant unknown.
69. £. cellus Bd. and Lec.—Rare; one specimen, August. Food-plant unknown.
70. £. tityrus Fabr.—Common; April to August. Three broods; hibernates in the chrysalis state. Food-plant, locust.
71. Thecla calanus Hiib.—Several specimens in June.
72. Antho-caris genutia Fab.—One specimen, April 27th.
73. Pamphila ocola Edw.—One specimen in August.
Since writing the above I have had another season’s opportu- nity for observation. The following notes and additions may be of interest :
284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, _ [November,
One specimen of A. diana was taken at Nashville, June 24. V. antiopa was seen in September. P. cardui was abundant from April to November, four broods appearing. Z. ursulda appeared from April to August, three broods. Three broods of A. celtis were observed, first imagoes appearing May 28, July 14 and Au- gust 25; also three broods of An@a andria, imagoes from the first brood of larvae emerging June 11. MV. gemma was first ob- served on June 10. Late specimens of JZ. ce@sonia were mostly var. vosea. A few specimens of 7. nicippe var. flava were taken in August. P. philenor was bred in abundance from Aristolochia
zomentosa. As pupz and freshly emerged imagoes were seen in >
a region where this plant and allied species were not found, efforts were made to discover the food-plant for that locality. A female was observed depositing its eggs on Pseudo-polygonella dumeto- rum, Climbing False Buckwheat, and, though no larve were found, the above plant may, without doubt, be added to the food- list of this species.
la Vv
A New Collecting Ground for Cicindela limbata Say.. By W. Kwaus, McPherson, Kans.
Cicindela limbata Say is one of the handsomest, and, until within recent years, one of the rarest of this showy family of beetles. It was described by Thomas Say, in 1823, and is not the true species, being but a variety of hyperborea Lec. This beetle was lost for a number of years, but was retaken some fif- teen years ago by E. P. Austin in Nebraska.
In his monograph of the Cicindelidz in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Mr. F. G. Schaupp figures Jimébata from nature, and partially describes it as follows :
Head and thorax green, with cupreous tinge; elytra white, suture ob- |
lique, line and dot green, blue or cupreous; exterior and basal edge greenish blue, beneath blue. Head hairy rugose. Thorax hairy rugose, little convex; elytra punctured, smoother than in hyperborea, with a long, sutural, triangular merula; a small dot before the middle, and an oblique irregular line behind the middle; these markings are brilliantly shining, either green or blue, or cupreous. Length 12 mm.
It occurs, or has been taken, only in Nebraska, although it in all probability occurs in northeastern Colorado, eastern Wyoming, and possibly southwestern Dakota.
nae dy " Reha eS eee oe ee
§ J ‘ PY : ope
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 285
In the Spring of 1892, Lawrence Bruner, of the University of Nebraska, made a trip to the northwestern part of the State and took a few specimens in Box, Butte County. A few have also been taken near Alliance, Neb., on the line of the B. and M. Railroad. In the Fall of 1892 I learned, incidentally, that Mr. J. W. Vandeventer, a graduate of the State Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans., had collected this species in southwest Ne- braska. In answer to a letter of inquiry he wrote as follows :
‘‘In May, 1888, I took a Sunday stroll from Imperial, Neb., . to the Frenchman River, about six miles south of town. The Spring had been very early, and the day was quite warm. About a mile from the river, on a very sandy hillside, covered with a thin growth of Yucca, bunch grass and a few weeds, I noticed my first specimen of C. iméata. It was very active and seemed to have a decided preference for the cleanest, sandiest ground, avoiding that covered with vegetation. Associated with it was a
- species about half its size, of a deep blue color, entirely without
markings. I saw perhaps half a dozen members of each species on the hillside. ;
** At the foot of the hill there was a dry water course having a channel, perhaps six feet wide, composed entirely of clean sand without vegetation. Here I found both species in considerable numbers, though the /“méata were much the more numerous. I followed the water course to the river and found them very plen- tiful all along it. The holes of C. “méata were also plentiful, and I noticed many of them fly out of and also into them.’’
Wishing to collect this species personally, I made the trip the latter part of May, 1893, reaching Imperial, the county seat of Chase County, by way of the B. and M. Railroad, from Superior, and a branch road from Culbertson. Imperial is twenty-five miles east of the Colorado line and some six miles north of the Frenchman River, a pretty little stream of clear running water. The town is on the open level; as you go south you strike the sand hills, and for three miles before reaching the stream the country is very broken.and hilly. I reached Imperial the morn- ing of May 30th, and immediately started overland for the river. The day was warm and the walking over sand hills not at all pleasant. Bare sand was plentiful before reaching the stream, but I saw and took no Cicindelidz, except an occasional scufe/- laris, formosa or repanda. I found no “mébata, however, until I
286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November,
found a deep ‘‘ blow-out’’ close up to and on the north bank of the stream. Here, running over the sides and bottom of the ‘* blow-out’’ I found them in considerable numbers. They were very active little fellows, but I succeeded in taking twenty-five -or thirty in two hours’ work with the net.
The surface I collected over was not over ,one hundred feet square, and they were taken only on sand without vegetation, or sparsely covered with grass.
I visited the same locality May 31st and June rst, of this year, and found the beetles at the same ‘‘blow-out.’’ The weather was cooler and took only a dozen specimens from 3 to 4 p. m. The next morning I took the first specimens shortly after 9 a. m., and up to 11.30 had taken over thirty specimens. I was told by a resident that he had seen this insect in large numbers at a large ‘‘blow-out’’ eight or ten miles farther up the valley of the Frenchman. He called them ‘‘calico’’ bugs. The species taken in this locality differ somewhat from those further north- west. E. A. Schwartz, of the Division of Entomology, Wash- ington, D. C., says: ‘‘ Your Cicindela limbata are smaller than those collected by Bruner, and with the green markings wider. I do not doubt that there is somewhere in Nebraska or further north where ig Ssecaaaiad will be found intermediate between lim- bata and borealis.’’
My specimens had, with two or three exceptions, green or blue markings. The exceptions were coppery bronze. While making these two trips I collected at Superior, Culbertson and McCook, and found some very good things. The list includes:
Cicindela scutellaris, at Culbertson and Imperial. C. /econte?, at Superior. C. formosa, at all three places. Chlentus sericeus, nebraskensis and Brachylobus lithophilus, at Culbertson. /ister subrotundus and nubilus, and Saprinus pennsylvanicus, fraternus and patruelis, at Superior. Carpophilus pallipennis, at Imperial. Meligethes mutatus, at Superior. Hydnocera subfasciata, at Im- perial. Ptilinus thoracicus, at Superior. Canthon nigricornis, at Imperial; I have the same species from Florida. Canthon ebenus, at all three places. Aphodius ruricola, at Superior and Culbertson. A. dentiger, at Superior. .A. walshii, at Superior and Imperial. Lachnosterna crassissima, at McCook. Poly- phylla 10-lineata, at Imperial; very far east for this species. Cremastochilus knochii, at Superior. C. nitens, two specimens
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 287
at Imperial. Pachybrachus celatus, at Superior and Imperial. Bruchus pruninus, at Imperial. 2. stminulum, at Superior and Imperial. Eleodes tricostata, at Superior. &. extricata, at all three places. &. ofaca, at Superior and Imperial. Blapstinus pratensis, at Superior and Culbertson. Blapstinus sp., at Cul- bertson. Memognatha bicolor, at Imperial. Dorytomus mucidus, at Superior. Elleschus ephippiatus, at Superior. Baris, sp., at Imperial. Centrinus denticornis Casey, in thistle flowers at Im- perial. Sphenophorus parvulus, at Superior.
O
TYPES IN THE NEUMOEGEN COLLECTION.—II. WITH A FEW NOTES THEREON,
By Dr. RopRIGUES OTTOLENGUI.
Since writing the first instalment of this paper a ‘‘ type’’ which was not in the cabinets when I looked through the Sphingide, has been put in its place by the curator, Mr. Doll. This is Smerinthus interfaunus 3. Long Island, Doll.
This is a hybrid from a male As¢y/us with a female Ocellata. (Europe)
ARCTIUD.
Crocota intermedia var. parvula 2 Neum. and Dyar. Colorado, Bruce.* Arctia intermedia var. stretchii 3’. Grote. —
Arctia anna 2 Grote. New York.
Arctia nevadensis var. mormonica 3 (322) Neum. Colorado, Bruce. Arctia nevadensis var. sulphurica 3 Neum. Arizona, Doll.
Arctig nevadensis var. elongata 9 Stretch. Washington Territory.
In the ‘‘ Revision of the Bombyces’’ by Neumoegen & Dyar, mormonica is cited as a synonym of A. proxima Guerin, while nevadensis is made a variety of d/akez, with sulphurica, another variety of the same, e/ongata and ochracea being synonyms of sulphurica. The ‘‘type’’ of ochracea is not in the collection. Arctia favorita ¥ Neum. Colorado, Bruce.
Arctia dieckii 3 Neum. British Columbia.
Arctia dieckii, in the ‘‘ Revision’ is made a synonym of defer- minata Neum. which is cited as a var. of williamsiz. I did not find the ‘“type’’ of determinata, though the label may have been transferred to the ‘‘type’’ of deckii.
* I think it proper to credit Mr. Bruce, for discovering new species, as well as Morrison and Doll.—R. O.
288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
Arctia figurata var. excelsa 3 (89 2) Neum. North Carolina. Arctia snowt 2 (2) Grote. Arctia placentia var. flamm@e 2 Neum. Florida.
In the ‘‘ Revision’’ sow? is also a variety of placentia.
Arctia decorata 3 (3 35 2) Saund. Long Island.
Besides the ‘type’’ there are eight specimens, reared from a single brood of larvee by Mr. Doll. There are red and yellow secondaries of both sexes, and there are two males in which the black border of the secondaries is replaced by hyaline edges as. wide as the original border. Mr. Doll also had a female from same brood with hyaline secondaries. .
Kodiosoma eavesii G\(3') Stretch. California. -
Nemeophila geddessii 3’ Neum. British Columbia. -
Antarctia rubra 3 Q Neum. Mount Hood.
Antarctia rubra var. danbyi J (2) Neum. & Dyar. British Columbia. Antarctia rubra is also the ‘‘type’’ of a new genus—Zifis
Neum. & Dyar. .
Antarctia beanti J (f2Y) Neum. Laggan. Antarctia beanti var. fuscosa 3 (2) Neum. Laggan.
Antarctia beaniz is also the ‘‘ type’ of a new genus—eoarctia Neum. & Dyar.
Euchetes vivida J (2) Grote. Texas. Euchetes yosemite 3 Hy. Edwards. California. Euchetes zonalis 2 Grote. Arizona, Morrison. Euchetes perlevis § 2 Grote. Arizona, Morrison. Euchetes conspicula Gj Neum. Colorado, Bruce. A note by Mr. Neumoegen says that conspicua is a synonym of spraguet. Arachnis zuni 3 Neum. New Mexico. * Nelphe carolina 3 Hy. Edwards. Florida. Halisidota mixta 32 Neum. Arizona, Morrison. Halisidota minima 3. Arizona. Adjacent to this is a specimen labeled //alisidota armillata & Hy. Edw., from Jalapa, Mexico, which Mr. Neumoegen consid- ered a synonym of his mznima.
Halisidota sanguinenosa 3 Neum. Vancouver.
A brilliant cherry red. The most beautiful of the genus. This is a synonym of voseata Walk. Euhalisidota pura 3 Q Neum. Arizona, Morrison.
* Type also in Edwards’ collection—American Mus. Nat. History, N. Y. City.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 289
LIPARID.
Artaxa ingenita 2 (2) Hy. Edwards. Arizona, Doll. Neumoegen and Dyar make this new genus, Dalcerides.
Varina ornata 3 (2) Neum. Florida. This is a synonym of Acherdes ferraria.
Dyaria singularis { Neum. Maine. Type of genus as well as species.
LIMACODID#.
Monoleuca oblique 3 Hy. Edwards. Limacodes trigona § Hy. Edwards. Arizona, Doll.
PSYCHID#.
Pseudopsyche exigua 3 Hy. Edwards. Arizona, Doll. Type of genus as well as species.
NOTODONTID/z.
chthyura inornata § 2 Neum. Arizona, Doll.
Ichthyura strigosa ($2) Grote. Maine. Ichythyura alethe 2 Neum. and Dyar. Apatelodes indistincta 3 (2) Hy. Edwards. Florida. Nadata gibbosa var. rubripennis 3 2 Neum. and Dyar. Nystalea indiana 9 Grote. Florida. Hyparpax venus 3 (f) Neum. Colorado, Bruce. Hyparpax venus var. tyria J (3)? Slosson. Florida.
Some time ago I was visiting Mr. Graef, who had just received a pair (8 2) A. venus from Mr. Bruce, and he expressed the belief to me that vexus is but a local race of his aurostriata. In this connection the form tyvza may be instructive. There are two specimens, side by side, in the Neumoegen collection, one of which is marked as ‘‘type’’ of ¢yvza, while the other has no label whatever. The latter specimen is identical in color with aurostriata, while the ‘‘type’’ is a good intergrade. It is curious that this should be found in company with aurostriata, that is to say in Florida. Cerura modesta § Hudson. Adirondacks. Melia \?) danbyi J Neum. Notodonta notaria § Hy. Edwards. Colorado.
CERATOCAMPIDE.
Sphingicampa bicolor var. suprema 3. (2) Neum. Kentucky. Sphingicampa bisecta var. nebulosa 2 Neum. Kentucky.
9*
290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November,
Eacles imperialis aber. punctatissima 3 Neum. New York. Eacles imperialis var, nobilis fj. Q Neum. Texas. Citheronia regalis aber. sengert 3 Neum. New York.
SATURNIDZ.
Attacus gloveri var. reducta 3 2 Neum. Colorado, Bruce. Telea polyphemus var. oculea 292 Neum. Arizona, Doll. Hyperchiria to var. argus 3 Neum. and Dyar.
Hyperchiria pamina 3'2 Neum, Arizona, Doll.
flyperchiria pamina var. aurosea f(Q) Neum. Arizona, Doll.
BOMBYCID.
Pseudohazts eglanterina aber. denudata J (3) Neum. Utah.
Here is a curious case. Many entomologists deprecate the naming of aberrant forms. Here we find a name given to a single specimen, an aberration, which is subsequently duplicated from the same locality. This gives color to my claim that aberrant forms are the initial departures from type, which are the precur- sors of new varieties, races, etc. 3
Pseudohazis eglanterina var. marcata 3 (5 3’) Neum. Oregon. Hemileuca yavapai § 2 Neum. Arizona, Doll.
Hemileuca hualapai 2 Neum. Arizona, Morrison.
Hlemileuca neumoegeni 32 Hy. Edwards. Arizona, Doll. ~ Cnethocampa grisea 2 (2) Neum. Arizona, Doll.
Clisiocampa incurva 3.2 (32 2) Hy. Edwards. Arizona, Doll. Ciistocampa incurva var. constrictina 3 Neum. and Dyar. Ciisiocampa mus var. discolorata 333 222 Neum. Utah.
COSSIDE.
Aon noctuiformis 3'3g' Neum. Texas. Type of genus as well as species.
Hypopta bertholdi J Grote. Colorado.
Hypopta henrici § Q Grote. Colorado.
Hypopta manfredi 3\3J' Neum. Arizona, Morrison.
Hypopta edwardi S$ Neum. and and Dyar. Colorado, Bruce. Hypopta ethela 3 Neum. and Dyar. Colorado, Bruce. Hypopta cornelia 3 Neum. and Dyar. Colorado, Bruce. Cossus perplexus 3 Neum. and Dyar. Colorado, Bruce. — Cossus mucidus S (3) Hy. Edwards. Arizona, Morrison.
HEPIALIDZE.
Hepialus roseicaput § Neum. and Dyar. British Columbia. FHlepialus sangarri J Neum. California. ie ts
ae
1895. | 291
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1,20.
pa@= All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
PHILADELPHIA, Pa., NOVEMBER, 1895.
TO WHOM SHOULD WE LOOK FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS?
- Some days ago an entomologist in another city asked one of our friends if that journai the News was still in existence? he replied that it was, and very much so. . The man from the other city thought the News was dead because he failed to send us the small sum of one dollar, and consequently did not receive the journal. There are many people who think the NEws should be sent to them free because they are entomologists, and perhaps, also, because they think themselves ‘‘some pumpkins’”’ in the fraternity. Now, who should support entomological journals? Should the mason, the carpenter, or the shipwright pay for the NEws so that the entomolo- gist might get it free? We also wish to say a word to those who say they can’t raise a dollar to pay for the journal. There is not a person who would care to have an entomological publication who could not save a dollar a year. There are many luxuries and useless expenditures that could be cut down in a whole year and not one dollar saved, but many. Take one of these dollars and subscribe to the NEws and get many dol- lar’s worth of mental pabulum. Another way would be to get a box and put in it two pennies a week, and ina year you would have one dollar and four cents. The journal “ Papilio’ had a large complimentary subscrip- tion list and no one of ‘‘ these dead-heads”’ objected to receiving the pub- lication, but when asked to pay a small sum for what they received they, of course, failed to respond. Such things should not be, and will not be in the case of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws.
C. H. TYLER TowNSEND has removed to Las Cruces, New Mexico.
292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, { November,
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J.
Papers for this department are solicited. They should be sent to the editor, Prof. Juhn B. Smith, Sc.D., New Bruuswick, N. J.
The Elm Leaf Beetle.—At the meeting of the Economic Entomologists at Springfield, Mass., several communications were read on the subject of the Elm Leaf Beetle, and several notable experiences were brought out, mostly as the result of work done by or under the direction of com- petent entomologists. I did not have at that time the report on some experiments made at West Point, N. Y., and as these are decidedly inter- esting and of practical importance, it is presented here; but first a few words of explanation.
Lieutenant William Weigel, U. S. A., is in charge of the grounds at the
post, and it is his duty to see that everything is kept in order and in as
good a condition as possible. For a number of years past the elms, which form the bulk of all the trees on the post, have been defoliated by the beetles or their larve, until it became a question whether it would not be better to cut them down rather than to allow them to die gradu- ally. Lieutenant Weigel is a graduate of Rutgers, and conceived the idea that possibly the entomologist, whose course he did not take when at col- lege, might be able to help him out of the difficulty with his elm trees. He therefore called upon me late in the Winter, stated his case, and re- ceived Bulletin No. 103 of the College Experiment Station, together with full verbal directions on several minor points not touched upon in the Bulletin, but set out in full in my Report for 1894. The insecticide rec- ommended was the arsenate of lead, and his report stripped of any in- troductory and concluding matter is as follows :
‘“Now for my report. We have here, within the limits of the Post, 498 elm trees of various sizes, and perhaps made up of three or four varieties. I followed your instructions implicitly, as contained in your pamphlet, both as to time of spraying and mixture to be used. I used arsenate of soda and acetate of lead in the proportions which you gave and also used com- mon black molasses to give the proper adhesive property to the mixture. My whole plant consisted of:—
‘*r steam fire-engine, . TI man (engineer), to run same.
I water-wagon (street spitikler: capacity 350 gals.). 1 team and wagon to haul mix- ture and to change Ba: ; of plant . ; . Iman (teamster). To climb trees and use spray. . 2men.
Total - : : - 4men.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 293
‘* Attached to the fire-engine I had two lengths of 34’” hose, each about 200 ft. long. By this means | was enabled to reach all trees within a radius of 500 ft. I used the straight nozzle instead of a sprayer, for I found the latter scattered the stream too much and did not allow the mixture to be thrown far enough. Each tree was sprayed very carefully by men on ladders, and I found that it took about 4o gals. of mixture to spray one good-sized elm well, and that with the above plant and number of men I could spray about 50 trees in a day, located, as they are here, quite near each other. I sprayed all the trees three times, and, as a result, not a single tree lost its leaves from the ravages of the beetle or worm, nor has a single tree had to put forth a second crop of leaves.
‘‘This speaks well, when we consider the situation last year about the latter part of July. Many trees were entirely bare of leaves and looked as though they had been near a very hot fire; further, one-half of the trees had to put forth a second crop of leaves, and in two instances I think a third crop put in an appearance. True, last Summer (1894) was very favorable for the insect, because it was very warm and dry, whereas this year we had a delightfully cool July, and we were favored by several very heavy storms.
“Several of the oldest residents of the Post, who have the interest of West Point at heart and who have watched with much interest and atten- tion the various attempts made to save the elms of the Post, state that the elms look better this year than they have any year since the beetle first put in its appearance. This, I think, speaks well for your remedy, for the beetles appeared in great numbers and early in the season this year. I further discovered that the mixture did not injure the most delicate plants in the front yards, nor did the mixture distress or injure the men who handled it, further than perngs a slight irritation of the throat at the start, but which soon passed away.’
**Next year I propose to start a little earlier, aad also shall make an attempt to destroy many of the beetles before they reach the elms.”’
This report is, of course, extremely satisfactory, and perhaps one reason for it is to be found in the statement made by Lieutenant Weigel that he followed directions ‘‘ implicitly,” a little point that is altogether too often forgotten by those who undertake to apply insecticides. Of course, the application'was a was teful one, but it was made with the apparatus at hand. It did not need a fire-engine, because a one- or two-horse power, small Steam-engine mounted on a tank-wagon would have answered the pur- pose just as well. Using a straight nozzle instead of a graduating one, which would throw a spray, doubled the quantity cf material required and also the length of time necessary to do the spraying. Even a coarse ‘spray would cover very much more rapidly than a jet, and possibly for such purposes the new Ball nozzle might prove serviceable. At all events the report proves, and this is the real reason for its presentation here, that it is absolutely possib'e to preserve trees on a large scalé from the ravages of this insect.
204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November,
Scolytus 4-spinosus Say.—In the last number of the News was published a picture illustrating the work of this insect. In the original plate as it appeared in ‘“‘Garden and Forest,’’ the picture was nearly double the length and illustrated, in natural size, a piece of bark torn from a hickory tree that had been killed by these insects. It has been my fortune to see more of the work of this insect during the present year than ever previ- ously; not only in New Jersey, but in western Pennsylvania, where I spent three days in the vicinity of Pittsburg during the latter part of July. —
In 1894 the insect was complained of as injuring certain trees not far Newark, N. J., on the grounds attached to certain suburban residences. Glen Ridge, which is the name of the little town referred to, was origi- nally woodland, and when the place was laid out the forest was preserved just as far as was consistent with laying out streets and building resi- dences. There are, therefore, quite an unusual number of forest trees in this little town, and in the hills back of it, and heretofore they have been among the chief ornaments of the place. Hickories are quite abundant and they did well, apparently, until two or three years ago, when occa- sionally a tree died off. In 1894 the dying became so general that alarm was created, and when I visited the village I found that everywhere hick- ories were infested by this Scolytus. Its little round holes could be seen’ abundantly or. the bark of the trees, and associated with it in the work of injury were certain Buprestid larva, probably belonging to the genus. ‘Dicerca, because I found specimens of this genus on the bark, and there was also a longicorn at work, although I had no means for determining the exact species.
I was a good deal interested when I found in the vicinity of Natrona, Allegheny County, Penna., in little patches of woodland, that a large number of hickories were dying from the same cause. Trees were found there in all stages; some of them apparently yet entirely healthy, though the trunk was peppered by the little shot holes; some just dying and the leaves withering; some of them dead, not having leafed out at all during the Spring of 1895. Others there were with only a few holes here and there through the bark, and healthy in appearance so far as the look of the foliage was concerned, but evidently infested and doomed if the insect be allowed to continue unchecked. I have noticed elsewhere, since my attention has been called to the matter, dying hickories in all parts of the State of New Jersey. Apparently, for some reason, this insect has taken a start and has done, and probably will continue for some time to do, considerable damage. I have had in my laboratory for some time a sec- tion of a trunk, two feet long and about seven inches in diameter, cut from one of the dying trees at Natrona. I was desirous of getting the beetle in some numbers, and of getting also all stages, but find that, ap- parently, the insects do not develop while in drying wood. It seems as. if they require a certain amount of living tissue or moisture for their de- velopment. In this respect they differ froin S. rugu/osus, which will de- velop just as readily in wood that is entirely dead as in that which is. simply weakened,
de ee LG
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 295
Associated with the injury by the Sco/y/us at Natrona, I found also the exit holes of what was apparently a longicorn, and I found also a few lon- gicorn larvz in wood that was split when the trees were cut down. These may have been Cy//ene pictus. In trees that were entirely dead, and from which the bark had been loosened I also found specimens of 7remea- columba which had died in the effort to emerge, and I was not able to decide the question satisfactori!y whether, as a matter of fact, the Sco/y- tus was the first one to attack the healthy trees or whether they had been weakened by some other attack previously.
In the case of the trees at Glen Ridge, N. J., there was an adequate reason for the attack by insects, since from their situation they had been deprived of moisture and nourishment for a long series of years past, which had probably resulted in greatly weakening them. For the trees at Natrona no such reason could be assigned. To be sure there had been a drought the year before and everything was at the time of my visit suf- fering from lack of rain, but this could scarcely have been svfficient to account for the enormous development of the insect, especially as many of the trees had evidently been attacked several years ago.
The problem of dealing with insects of this kind is one that is by no means solved, and indeed we are, to a very considerable extent, helpless against the creatures. My observations indicated that there was at least two broods of. the Sco/ytus in the course of the season, and as we have no insecticides that can penetrate and kill the larvz under the bark, we
_are reduced to efforts to keep the specimens out, and this is a task by no
means easy, considering the habits of the insect. It was noticed, both in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, that a great many of the beetles developed about mid-Summer a fondness for boring into young twigs just below the point from which the leaves started, so that here and there throughout the tree, there were little bunches of Jeaves wilted, which eventually dried and fell to the ground. This is an injury that cannot be prevented, so far as I am able to see, and apparently these short burrows were made by the beetle for food alone, since I never found any attempt to oviposit in such places. But, while the trunks are undoubtedly the favored point of entrance for the insects, yet I found that if there was any reason why they should not lay their eggs there they had no objections at all to even com- paratively small branches. While we may protect a trunk against the entrance of these insects by smears or washes, it is a difficult matter to protect also all the branches, and the subject of dealing with bark boring pests on large trees is one that deserves the careful consideration of
economic entomologists. It is in the hope of getting the experience of
other students, who may also have observed this insect, that this subject is presented here. The picture illustrates a typical gallery, not quite complete in the picture as shown in the last number, but the form of the central burrow and the method of branching in the larval burrows is char- acteristic, and well shown. This piece of bark was taken from a tree entirely dead, and the tree, which was a large one, nearly eighteen inches
206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
in diameter, had scarcely an inch of sound sap wood so far as it was laid bare by me. The specimen from which the photograph was made was practically the only one that showed an entire set of galleries fairly well. Almost everywhere else they were so intermingled that it was impossible to get an isolated single set.
Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENToMoLoGICcAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] .
To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “‘ extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.
‘‘THE muscular power of the Flea is so great that it can leap to the distance of two hundred times its own length, which will appear the more surprising when we consider that a man, were he endowed with equal strength and agility, would be able to leap between three and four hun- dred yards.”’
‘*MAmMOTH CAVE, in Kentucky, is getting to be a gigantic beehive,”’ says a Cincinnati man. ‘‘ The last time I went through the cave I took both the long and short routes, as they are called. At several places there were rather too many bees for me to feel entirely comfortable, al- though I was not attacked by any of them. If the cave should be ex- plored for honey some rich finds would undoubtedly be made. The bees are increasing constantly.”’ —Newspaper.
WHILE out collecting July 19, 1895, on the Diamond Hill road near this place I was surpised by seeing a strange looking butterfly fly past me going at a great rate of speed. I immediately gave chase, and, after a hard run of about four hundred yards, I caught it as it settled on same milkweed blossoms near the roadside, and to my great surprise I found it to be a specimen of Papilio ajax. Thinking this a catch worthy of notice for this part of the country I thought it would interest some of the readers of the News.—Wm. DEARDEN, Lonsdale, R. I.
NaTuRE Stupy BALKED.—Chicago, IIl., September 16.—The 4oo pupils in the South Division High School are very largely in open revolt against a hard bargain which Principal Slocum endeavored to drive with them.
a ee ese oN
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 297
Next month this school is to be practically devoted to nature study, and in anticipation of this Mr. Slocum told the pupils a good mark would be given for every twelve grasshoppers brought in by a pupil. But the plan isn’t working successfully, for, out of the 4co pupils, only 15 have brought in grasshoppers. There are just three pupils in the school who are not supporting the revolt. They are the only boys in the school, the number standing: girls, 397; boys, 3. The boys have been catching the grass- hoppers and selling them to the girls at ten cents a dozen. Twelve of the girls bought 144 grasshoppers from the boys, and the three boys turned in 36 grasshoppers themselves to keep up appearances. Now the
girls will buy no more locusts, and the boys’ money-making plan is
balked.— Newspaper.
I HAVE this year taken seven specimens of Chrysophanus helloides, both ¢ and Q, in this locality. The specimens were very bright and fresh, and must have recently emerged. The dates of capture were Sep- tember 1 to 12, which would seem to indicate that the species is double brooded. I have it from the West, but all my other examples bear earlier date of capture. Prof. French thinks this a parallel with the case of Terias mexicana, which has migrated from the southwestern limits of the United States to Canada. I would be interested to know from your readers date and place of earliest occurrence of C. helloides in order, if possible, to show the route traveled, and the time consumed in making its journey from the West. It was first recorded from the Rocky Moun- tains, I believe, and later West to the Pacific. Its most Eastern limit
- hitherto, so far as has come under my observation, was western Nebraska.
Any one who has taken it in intervening territory will greatly oblige me by reporting the fact—JoHn L. HEALY, 811 Morse Ave., Chicago.
I have received Chrysophanus helloides from Grinnell, lowa.—-H. SKINNER.
GENERAL Count Dejeau, Aide-de-camp to Napoleon Bonarparte, was ‘So anxious, says Jeger, to increase the number of specimens in his ento- mological cabinet, that he even availed himself of his military campaigns
for this purpose, and was continually.occupied in collecting insects and
fastening them with pins on the outside of his hat, which was always cov- ered with them. The Emperor, as well as the whole army, were accus- tomed to see General Déjeau’s head thus singularly ornamented, even when in battle. But the departed spirits of those murdered insects once had their revenge on him; for, in the battle of Wagram, in 1809, and while he was at the side of Napoleon, a shot from the enemy struck Déjeau’s head and precipitated him senseless from his horse. Soon, however, recovering from the shock, and being asked by the Emperor if he was still alive, he answered, ‘‘I am not dead; but, alas! my insects are all gone!”’ for his hat was literally torn to pieces.— History of Insects, p. 53.
COLLECTING IN MARYLAND.—Have had very little chance to collect much in this (to me) new locality, but what little I have done has brought
298 ‘ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
to light many of my old New York friends, the Catocade. 1 was told here on the sea-shore I would find Catocale very scarce, and in few va- rieties, but in one week’s collecting, starting June 24th, I took Cafocala nubilis, elanympha, gracilis, sordida var., grynea, fratercula var., poly-
gama, Clintontt, ultronia, coccinata, ella, uxor vat. tristis, epione, mulier=
cula, preciara and four other varieties not yet determined. The woods here are nearly all pine, with scrub oak, pin oak, swamp hickory, swamp maple, swamp gum, yellow poplar and magnolia scattered through them,
mostly in clearings where the large pines have been cut. I hardly ex-
pected to see C. “ristis here, yet I took seven in one night, and three C. coccinata on another evening. C. epione was plentiful and flew just at
sundown, the first always to appear. C. edonympha was also among the — first. I took a fine, fresh example on the 20th of May. I feel sure if I
had been able to put in every night from the first of June I could have taken several thousand examples of Catoca/a alone. Other noctuids were plentiful in June, very few in July. Of the Sphingidee, C. catalpa was very plentiful, also amynator,; also S. plebeius, A. cherilus and myron, and several others. For a few weeks in June Callimorpha ves- talis was so common along the edges of the salt marsh that thousands could have been taken in a day, while Homoptera edusa and lunatza, in all sizes and shades of color, literally cover the trees at night. Another year I expect to be able to collect the whole season. —O. D. FouLks, Stockton, Md.
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identificaticn, read page 41, Vol. Ill. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWws, Academy Natural eens — Square, Philadelphia, Pa. ve ;
Entomological Literature.
1. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN, xxii, 8, 9.—The last descriptions of L’ Abbé Provancher (cont.).
2. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA, vii (new series). —Contributions to a knowledge of the Rhynchota of Australia, E. Berg- roth.
3. INDIAN Museum Nores. Calcutta, iii, 4.—An account of the insects and mites which attack the tea plant in India, E. C. Cotes.
. Cn —_ ee i.~
Ca iMee a ee thoes
1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 299.
4. VERHANDLUNGEN DES NATURHISTORISCHEN VEREINS DER PREUS-
_ SISCHEN RHEINLANDE, Westfalens, u. s. w., Jhg. 41, pt. 2.—Contribu-
tions to the biology of Phosphenus hemipterus and allies, C. Verhoeff.
5. Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma, T. Thorell, 8vo. British Museum, London, 1895, pp. 406.
6. Classification of the Lepidoptera of Hildesia [Hildesheim?], com- ~
_ piled after the preliminary works of Bates, Scudder, wie eyes: Mueller,
Comstock, Dyar, Chapman, by A. R. Grote.
7. SITZUNGSBERICHTE DER AKADEMIE DER K. P. WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU BERLIN, 1895, Nos. 30, 31.— Contributions to the knowledge of the genus. Melipona sens. lat., H. Stadelmann.
8. ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History. London, No. 93. —Notes on the identity of some of the types of Mygalomorphe in the collection of the British Museum, R. I. Pocock. Ona new sound-produ- cing organ in a spider, ibid.
9. ABHANDLUNGEN DES NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREINS ZU BREMEN, xiv Bd. Heft 1 [abstract].—List of the North American Eup- terotidz, Ptilodontidz, Thyratiridz, Apatelide and Agrotide, by A. R. Grote.
to. BULLETIN SCIENTIFIQUE DE LA FRANCE ET DE LA BELGIQUE. Paris, xxvi.—The Malpighian tubes of the Hymenoptera, L. Bordas.
I1. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipzig, No. 484.—On the Anatomy
_ of the plant-lice, Aphids, A. Mordwilko.
12. Turts COLLEGE StupIEs, No. 4.—The morphology and classifica- tion of the Pauropoda, with notes on the morphology of the Diplopoda, F. C. Kenyon.
* 13. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION. London, vii, 1.—The resting habit of insects as exhibited in the phe- nomena of hybernation and estivism, J. W. Tutt.
14. PsycHE. Cambridge, Mass., October, 1895.—Revision of the spe- cies Spharagemon, A. P. Morse.
15. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (2), voi. v [extract].—Coleoptera of Baja California, os lear G. H. Horn.
16. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- DELPHI“, pt. 2, 1895 [extract].—Synopsis of the Bembicini of Boreal America, W. J. Fox.
17. TRANSACTIONS OF THE WISCONSIN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. x. —The sense of sight in spiders with some observations on the color sense, G. W. and E. G. Peckham.
re 300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
18. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, xxvii, 10.—Charles Valentine Riley, J. F. Studies in N. A. Membracide, iii, F. W. Goding. Some notes on — Bruchus in New Mexico, C. H. T. Townsend. Preparatory stages of Alypia langtonii Couper, H. G. Dyar, Relationship of the fauna of Puget Sound to that of Mexico and Canada, W. H. Patton. Sphina canadensis Boisduval, J. A. Moffat. New Tenthredinide, A. D. Macgil- livray. O0enectra flavibasana Fern., J. A. Moffat. Review of a few more Provancher types of Ichneumonidz, G. C. Davis. Systematic value of the larva of Spermophagus, W. H. Patton. Notes on a trip to the Ba- hama Islands, H. F. Wickham. List of Lepidoptera taken at Sudbury, Ont., J. D. Evans. ;
19. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SocIETY ‘oF LONDON, 1895, pt. 3.—Contributions to a knowledge of African phytophagous Co- leoptera, pt. 2, M. Jacoby. An attempt to correlate the results arrived at in recent papers on the classification of Lepidoptera, J. W. Tutt. A monograph of the British Braconidae, pt. 6, T. A. Marshall. Further notes on the secretion of potassium hydroxide by Dicranura vinula (imago), and similar phenomena in other Lepidoptera, O. H. Latter. Notes on seasonal dimorphism of Rhopalocera in Natal, C. W. Barker.
20. ACTES DE LA SOCIETE SCIENTIFIQUE DU CHILI, vol. iv, pt. 5.— Material for a study of the entomological fauna of Chili, J. Gribodo. Notes on the ants of Chili, with descriptions of new species, C. Emery. Short contribution to the physiology of insects: on the nature of the liquid which is excreted by some Coleoptera as means of defense, C. E. Porter.
21. BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT, xv, 18.—Theories concerning the descent (Descendenztheoretisches) of Lepidoptera, T. Garbowski.
22. THE ZooLocist. London, No. 225.—The migration of butterflies, J. E. Harting.
23. THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OHIO AGRICULTURAL EX- PERIMENT STATION for 1894.—Report of the Entomologist, F. M. Webster.
24. THE ENToMoLocist. London, No. 389.—Notes on the synonymy of Noctuid Moths (cont.), A. G. Butler.
25. THE BUTTERFLIES OF NoRTH AMERICA, by Wm. H. Edwards, part xvi.—This part deals with Parnassius smintheus, Satyrus charon, Chionobas gigas, all of which are figured and fully treated of in the usual excellent manner.
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper is published; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Cotes 3, Webster 23.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 301
MYRIAPODA. Kenyon 12. ARACHNIDA. Thorell 5, Pocock 8 (two), Peckham 17. 3 ORTHOPTERA. Morse 14*. HEMIPTERA.
Bergroth 2, Mordwilko 11, Goding 18*.
: COLEOPTERA. Verhoeff 4, Horn 15*, Townsend 18, Patton 18, Wickham 18, Jacoby 19, Porter 20. LEPIDOPTERA.
Grote 6, 9*, Tutt 13, Dyar 18, Moffat 18 (two), Evans 18, Tutt 19, Latter 19, Barker 19, Hartig 22, Garbowski 21, Butler 24, Edwards 25.
HYMENOPTERA. Provancher 1*, Stadelmann 7, Bordas 10, Fox 16*, Patton 18, Macgil- livray 18*, Davis 18, Marshall 19, Gribodo 20, Emery 20.
Doings of Societies.
PHILADELPHIA, OcT. 8, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1509 S. 13th St. Members present : Messrs. Bland, Hoyer, E. Wenzel, Trescher, H. W. Wenzel, Dr. Castle, Laurent, Fox, Schmitz, Haimbach and Boerner. Honorary members: Drs. Henry Skinner, George H. Horn and Prof. John B. Smith.
Meeting called to order at 8.40 p. M., President Bland presiding. Prof. Smith stated that the specimens of borers which he had received from Mr. H. W. Wenzel were not the common Peach borer, but the Plum borer, that the finding of it on the Peach interested him very much, and that he considered it well worthy of further investigation, as this species is not recorded as being injurious to the Peach. Dr. Skinner spoke on the life-habits of Argynnis diana, referring to a statement made of the males appearing a month or more in advance of the females, and making the query why this should be so; the question was generally discussed without any one throwing any light on the subject. Mr. Laurent exhibited a case of Micro-Lepidoptera collected during the Summer, mostly at Mount Airy, Philadelphia. Prof. Smith stated that he had noted some interesting facts in connection with the vitality of Scolytus guadrispinosus and S. rugulosus.. He had brought with him a hickory log from Alle-
302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November,
gheny City which was very much infested with the former species, but after the wood became dry all of the larvze died; this he stated is not the case with Scolytus rugulosus, which he had bred in great numbers from
dead wood in his laboratory, the’species readily boring into the dead wood. —
Dr. Horn entertained the members with some interesting narrations on the differences between some species of Coleoptera. On motion of Mr. Boerner, Mr. C. Few Seiss was unanimously elected an active member of the Social. No further business being presented the meeting adjourned to the annex. TuHEo. H. Scumitz, Secretary.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE CHICAGO ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. —The regular meeting was held in the Matthew Laflin Memorial Building, Lincoln Park, Friday, October 18th, at 8 p.m. Two papers were pre- sented:—‘‘A Tribute to Prof. C. V. Riley,” by Mr. W. E. Longley. ‘‘ Observations on Collecting Lepidoptera during 1895,’’ by John J. Healy.
ARTHUR J. SNYDER, Recorder.
The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
MAY 23, 1895.
A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, director, presiding. Mr. Wm. J. Fox called attention to the superficial resemblance between J/yzine and a new genus he proposed to call Engycystus. The differences be- tween the two were pointed out. Dr. P. P. Calvert said that he always held it was the business of an entomologist to study the external struc- ture of insects, but the internal as well. He had lately been studying the internal anatomy of the youngest larvze of two species of Dragonflies. The literature of the subject was mentioned, but no one had studied sec- tions of the eggs. Sections of the young larve were studied in Gomphus and in Libellula pulchelia. Observations of interest were made in regard to the alimentary canal and respiratory system. Trachzea were not found in the newly-hatched larve. The histological anatomy was dwelt on at length, In discussing the alimentary canal the Malpighian tubercles were mentioned, and in the larve in question there were three Malpighian tubercles. In the larvze of pu/chel/a there are traces of the rectal tracheal gills, but not in Gomphus. :
JUNE 10, 1895.
Meeting held this evening, Mr. Charles S..Welles, Vice-Director, pre- siding. Mr. Philip Laurent mentioned that two species of Coleoptera: Hydrophilus ovatus and Calosoma sayi, had been found in numbers in the city, at the electric lights on South Broad Street, by Mr. Fox and
——
—
eS , Te m4
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 303
himself. Of the former species nineteen had been found, and of the latter twenty three. Mr. Calvert stated that Mr. Laurent had taken, at Anglesea, Cape May County, N. J., Zetragoneura semiaguea Burm., not before recorded from that State. The speaker also said he had lately been studying the dragonflies sent by the California Academy of Sciences, which had been collected in Lower California. One species had been found, not recorded North of Brazil. The northern limit of Wecistogaster ornatus was mentioned. No new species were discovered. Mr. George
_ Luceareni was duly elected an associate of the Section.
SEPTEMBER 26, 1895.
Meeting held this evening, Mr. Philip Laurent presiding. Mr. C. F. Seiss put on record the finding in Philadelphia of Zzbed/ula azillena, the nearest recorded locality being fifty miles distant. He also stated that his brother, Dr. Seiss, had examined the contents of the stomach of a red fox killed in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, and found a half pint of grasshoppers, Melanoplus bivittatus Say and M. femurrubrum. Mr. Liebeck recorded the finding of Amara fulvipes in the city. Mr. Reineck recorded finding Scymnus punctum in Philadelphia. Mr. Lau- -rent showed specimens illustrating the life-history of Hudryas unio. The larvze were found on Lupherbia coloratum. He also showed larve and pupee of Papilio philenor, and spoke of their cannibalistic habits. The full grown larve eating those that had just formed chrysalids from larvze in the same box. The caterpillars were found on Aristolocha sipho (Dutch- man’s pipe). Dr. Horn advised the members to gather fallen twigs of hickory for the purpose of securing Coleoptera from them. Mr. Laurent had tried this and had raised Heterachthes quadrimaculatus. Mr. Liebeck had adopted the same plan and had secured El/aphidion sp. Dr. Skinner showed larve of Synchle lacinia received from Prof. Cockerell at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and stated that Syuchle crocale had been reared from larve of /acinia, thus showing they were widely different forms of one species. Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.
The following paper was read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
Description of the Female Papilio pelaus Fab. WITH A FEW REMARKS,
By GEORGE A. EHRMANN, Pittsburg, Pa.
emale.—Primaries less falcated than in the male, the segregated buff band on both surfaces is wider and somewhat suffused inwardly. Secon- daries are more produced outwardly than in the male, the submarginal lunated spots are six in number on the upper surface, whereas in the male there are but three, the two lunate spots towards the apex are less defined
304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November,
and buff in color, the rest are brickish red, the same as the two situated between the median and submedian nervures of the male; underside of secondaries the markings are the same as in the omic; the tails are one- fourth of an inch longer than in the male.
Of this extremely rare butterfly I had the good fortune tafely to procure a fine female from my collector in Jamaica, and, to the best of my knowledge, it is the only example of this sex in North American collections. This Papilio always seemed to be of the greatest rarity from Fabricius to the present time, and Fabricius himself seemed to have been unacquainted with the true P. pelaus, as he referred it to Cramer’s P. torguatus (‘‘ Cr: Pap. Exot. pl. 177. figs. A and B’’). Is it possible that Cramer’s figures are so . extremely poor that they (P. torguatus) will answer for any cau- dated species of Papilio? We are therefore indebted to the un- tiring energies of the late Joseph O. Westwood for its rediscovery, for after it (P. pelaus Fab.) had slept in the vault of oblivion for fifty years Mr. Westwood found a specimen that agreed with the description of P. pe/aus Fab. in Mr. Edward Doubleday’s col- lection. He, Mr. Westwood, then figured it as P. pelaus Fab., with some doubt, in his admirable ‘‘ Arcana Entomologica,”’ pl. 18, figs. 1 and 2. Later on (p. 107, ‘‘ Arc. Ento.’’) he assured himself that he was right in his discovery by finding P. pelaus figured in Mr. Jones’ unpublished drawings, vol 1, pl. 32, that are in the British Museum Library, so I doubt if the female has ever been recorded until now.
ENTOMOLOGICAL News for October, was mailed September 30, 1895.
f ; vets es LC cet = Bribes, ‘ , ; an ‘ Z = ‘
ENT. News, Vol. VI. Pl. XIV.
HENRY SHIMER, A.M., M.D.
ee
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION,
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
Longley—Some notes on May and June
VOL. VI. DECEMBER, 1895. No. 10, CONTENTS:
Henry Shimer, A.M., M.D. ............ 205, [- PLGMOTIAE w ne cde stance anus abine eaten v ets 322 The Agricultural Ant ................ - 307 | Economic Entomology .......-.-.-++++ 323 Wolcott—Coleoptera of Central Illinois 309 | Notes and News... .........22eeeeeeees 325 Hornig—Wind and light vs. cocoon | Entomological Literature ............ - 326
EE ie an Sata yp hn a 5 thus Koeb cements 31r | Doings of Societies..........++.+-+++- +. 330 Daggett—Notes on collecting Coleop.... 311 | Entomological Section...-......--+++++ 331
| Smith—Dese. of new sp. of Noctuidz.. 332
COMBCHING, CbC. 55:01 osc nie neveseecas 314 | Dyar—Larva of Harrisimemna........ 340 Slosson—Mt. Washington insects. ..... 316 |
HENRY SHIMER, A.M., M.D.
Dr. Shimer was born September 1, 1828, in West Vincent, Chester County, Pa., and died July 28, 1895, at Mt. Carroll, Ill. He was known in the community in which he lived as a student, scholar, scientist, physician and distinguished citizen, and seemed to be the friend of every one. notable personage, a distinctive and impressive personality, a man of large physical proportions, of massive brain and great intellectual powers. He had an appetency for the truth, and early in life showed an intense hunger for knowledge which re- sulted in his becoming a student, a learner, and a scholar of large and varied attainments; but he was not a scholastic, not so much a student of books, highly as he valued them, as of the great library of Nature and human life, which urged him on to know their hidden facts and treasures. croscope became in his hands effective for this work. He desired that others should share in his knowledge, and published freely in scientific journals technical monographs for scholars, and has
widely published, in popular form in newspapers, valuable infor-
mation on varied subjects. As an original investigator and dis- coverer he was widely known in America and Europe, and his correspondence on these subjects was with scholars in different
Io
He was a conspicuous man, a
w
-
The scalpel, crucible and mi-:
306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (December,
nations. He was for a time assistant State Entomologist, and would probably have been State Entomologist, but he was no politician, and politics prevail. He was closely connected in his work with the Smithsonian Institution, and also with scientific societies in Philadelphia and New York. His degree of Master of Arts was given him by the University of Chicago after an examination. His papers on entomological subjects published in the ‘“‘ Proceedings’ and in the ‘‘ Transactions’’ of the American Entomological Society were as follows:
Description of the Imago and Larva of a New Species of Chrysopa (1865); Description of a New Species of Aleyrodes; Description of a New Species of Cecidomyia; On a New Genus of Aphidz; Notes on the Apple Bark Louse (Lepidosaphes con- chiformis), with a Description of a supposed new Acarus (1867); Descriptions of two Acarians bred from White Maple; Notes on Chermes pinicorticis (white pine louse); A Summer's Study of the Hickory Galls, with Descriptions of supposed New Species bred therefrom (1868).
Doctor Shimer was always deeply interested in educational affairs, and frequently gave expression to the wish that he might have a part in carrying on the work of education after his death. This he has forcibly shown in a practical way, and also his un- bounded confidence in Mrs. Shimer, in that he has left his prop- erty to her for use in this way as she may deem most advisable. He had published as his opinion that a man should be buried where he has lived, where he has done his work, and where he would be longest remembered, for he wrote:
‘*We cherish life—we would not die, We long to live in memory still ; We dread oblivion, that is why You’ll bury me on yonder hill.”
(We are indebted for this abstract to one of Dr. Shimer’s friends, J. P. Philips, who has published an interesting biography of the doctor.)
THE journal known as ‘‘ Texas Farm and Ranch,” has made arrange- ments with Prof. F. W. Mally, of Hulen, Texas, to conduct a Department of Entomology and Fungus Diseases, commencing in the number for Oct. 1gth. ‘‘The national reputation of Prof. Mally and his special study of the insect pests and fungus diseases of the Southwest will inspire confi- dence in his work and undoubtedly prove beneficial to farmers and horti- culturists.’’
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 307
THE AGRICULTURAL ANT (Ada malefaciens).
The habits of this Ant were studied in Texas by the late Dr. Lincecum for the space of twelve years, and the result of his in- vestigations was communicated to the Linnzean Society of Lon- don by Charles Darwin. It is so extraordinary an account that it must be given in the narrator’s own words:
“The species which I have named ‘ Agricultural’ is a large brownish ant. It dwells in what may be termed paved cities, and, like a thrifty, diligent, provident farmer, makes suitable and timely arrangements for the changing seasons. It is, in short, endowed with skill, ingenuity, and untiring patience sufficient to enable it successfully to contend with the varying exigencies which it may have to encounter in the life-conflict.
*“When it has selected a situation for its habitation, if on ordinary dry ground, it bores a hole, around which it raises the surface three and sometimes six inches, forming a low circular mound having a very gentle inclination from the centre to the outer border, which, on an average, is three or four feet from the entrance. But if the location is chosen on low, flat, wet land liable to inundation, though the ground may be perfectly dry at the time the ant sets to work, it nevertheless elevates the mound, in the form of a pretty sharp cone, to the height of fifteen to twenty in- ches or more, and makes the entrance near the summit. Around the mound in either case theant clears the ground of all obstructions, levels and smooths the surface to the distance of three or four feet from the gate of the city, giving the space the appearance of a handsome pavement, as it really is.
“Within this paved area not a blade of any green thing is allowed to grow, except a single species of. grain-bearing grass. ~ Having planted this crop in a circle around, and two or three feet from the centre of the mound, the insect tends and cultivates it with constant care, cutting away all other grasses and weeds that may spring up amongst it and all around outside of the farm-circle to the extent of one or two feet more.
“The cultivated grass grown luxuriantly, and produces a heavy crop
of small, white, flinty seeds, which, under the microscope, very closely
resemble ordinary rice. When ripe it is carefully harvested, and carried by the workers, chaff and all, into the granary cells, where it is divested
_of the chaff and packed away. The chaff is taken out and thrown beyond
the limits of the paved area.
“During protracted wet weather it sometimes happens that the pro- vision stores become damp and are liable to sprout and spoil. In this case, on the first fine day the ants bring out the damp and damaged grain and expose it to the sun till it is dry, when they carry it back and pack away all the sound seeds, leaving those that had sprouted to waste.
‘*In a peach-orchard not far from my house is a considerable elevation, on which is an extensive bed of rock. In the sand-beds overlying por- tions of this rock are five cities of the Agricultural Ant, evidently very
308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December,
ancient. My observations on their manners and customs have been limited
to the last twelve years, during which time the enclosure surrounding the —
orchard has prevented the approach of cattle to the ant-farms. The cities which are outside of the enclosure as well as those protected in it are, at the proper season, invariably planted with the ant-rice. The crop may, accordingly, always be seen springing up within the circle about the 1st of November every year.
‘‘Of late years, however, since the number of farms and cattle has greatly increased, and the latter are eating off the grass much closer than formerly, thus preventing the ripening of the seeds, I notice that the Ag- ricultural Ant is placing its cities along the turn-rows in the fields, walks
in gardens, inside about the gates, etc., where they can cultivate their —
farms without molestation from the cattle. ‘* There can be no doubt of the fact that the pariicghe al species of grain- bearing grass mentioned above is intentionally planted. In farmer-like
manner the ground upon which it stands is carefully divested of all other —
grasses and weeds during the time it is growing. When it is ripe the grain is taken care of, the dry stubble cut away and carried off, the paved area being left unencumbered until the ensuing autumn, when the same ‘ant- rice’ reappears within the same circle, and receives the same agricultural attention as was bestowed upon the previous crop; and so on year after year, as I know to be the case, in all situations where the ants’ settlements are protected from grainivorous animals.
‘“*T have not the slightest doubt that the Ants plant seeds for the ensu- ing crop; and my conclusions have not been arrived at from hasty or care- less observation, nor from seeing the ants do something that looked a little like it, and then guessing at the results. I have at all seasons watched the same ant-cities during the last twelve years, and I know that what I have stated is true. I visited the same cities yesterday and found the crops of ant-rice growing finely, and exhibiting also the signs of high cultivation, and not a blade of any other kind of grass or weed was to be seen within twelve inches of the circular row of ant-rice.”’
The Rev. J. G. Wood says (in his ‘‘ Bible Animals,’’ from whence the above account is taken): ‘‘ The economical habits of this wonderful insect far surpass anything that Solomon has written of the Ant, and it is not too much to say that if any of the scrip- tural writers had ventured to speak of an Ant that not only laid up stores of grain, but actually prepared the soil for the crop, planted the seed, kept the ground free from weeds and finally reaped the harvest, the statement would have been utterly dis- believed, and the credibility not only of that particular writer, but of the rest of scripture severely endangered.
‘‘ As. may be inferred from the above description, the habits of Ants vary greatly according to their species and the climate in
is oo Re
( ...
.
: > i
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 309
which they live. All, however, are wonderful creatures ; and whether we look at their varied architecture, their mode of pro- curing food, the system of slave-catching adopted by some, the ‘milking’ of aphides practised by others, their astonishing mode of communicating thought to each other, and their perfect sys- tem of discipline, we feel how true were the words of the royal naturalist, that the Ants are ‘little upon earth, but are exceed- ingly wise.’ ’’
oO.
COLEOPTERA OF CENTRAL ILLINOIS. By A. B. Wotcott, Bloomington, Ill. The species of Coleoptera enumerated in the following list have been taken in the vicinity of Bloomington, IIl., and with very
few exceptions they were taken since the last of September, 1894. I am greatly indebted to Messrs. W. M. Hill and C. C. Adams
for the identification of many of the following:
CICINDELIDZ.
Cicindela sexguttata Fuér. yy punctulata Fabr. repanda De7.
4e “ec : .
46
CARABIDZ.
Calosoma willcoxi Lec.
o calidum Faér. Clivina (americana?) De. Tachys nanus Gy/Z/.
“*. flavicauda Say.
Evarthrus sodalis Zec.
Amara exarata De/.
Piatynus extensicollis Say.
Galerita janus Faédr.
Lebia grandis Henz/z.
‘Chlenius diffinis Chaud.
Agonoderus pallipes Faér.
Metabletus americanus De/.
Anisodactylus discoideus Dey. os baltimorensis Say. interstitialis Say.
HYDROPHILID A.
Hydrocharis obtusatus Say. Cercyon hzmorhoidalis. ‘* melauscephalus Zinn.
ce
12-guttata De/.
SILPHIDA.
Necrophorus americanus O//z. Silpha surinamensis Fad.
STAPHYLINIDA. Peederus littorarius Grav. Aleochara bimaculata Grav. Atimeles cava Lec.
PHALACRIDA. Olibrus nitidus J/e/sh,
COCCINELIDZ. Megilla maculata DeG. Hippodamia convergens Guer. 3: 13-punctata Zinn. parenthesis Say. Coccinella novemnota Ads¢.
+ sanguinea Linn. Anatis 15-punctata Odiz. Chilocorus bivulnerus J/u/s. Hyperaspis proba Say.
Adalia bipunctata Zinn.
ENDOMYCHIDA. Endomychus biguttatus Say.
EROTYLIDZA. Megalodacne fasciata Fad. Languria mozardi La¢r,
ce
310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
CUCUJID2E. Cucujus clavipes Fad. Lzmophlceus punctatus. . fasciatus Me/sh. Brontes dubius Fad, Silvanus planatus Lec. ‘“surinamensis Laér. HISTERIDZ,
Hister lecontei Mars. Hololepta fossularis Say.
NITIDULID&. Prometopia 6-maculata Say. Ips fasciatus O“iv.
TROGOSITIDZ. Tenebriodes mauritanica? Linn.
S castanea Me/sh.
ELATDRIDZ. Alaus oculatus Zinn. Melanotus communis Gy//. Drasterius elegans Fad.
LAMPYRIDZ. Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus
[DeG.
MALACHIDZ. Callops 4-maculatus Fad,
CIOIDZA. Ennearthron mellyi.
LUCANIDA,
Lucanus dama 7hund. Passalus cornutus Fad.
SCARABASIDA.
Canthon levis Drury. Copris anaglypticus Say..
‘carolina Linn, minuta Lec. Aphodius fimetarius Zin.
s granarius Linn,
inquinatus Abst. Bolbocerus farctus Panzer. Geotrupes splendidus Fad, Trox equalis Say.
‘“* ‘suberosus Fad,
“e
ae
[December,
Pelidnota punctata Linn. Ligyrus gibbosus Burm. *“ relictus Say.
Trichius affinis Gory.
SPONDYLIDZ. Parandra brunnea Fad.
CERAMBYCIDA. Cyllene robiniz Forster. Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Fors¢. Leptostylus macula Say.
CHRYSOMELIDZ, Chrysochus auratus Fad. Doryphora decemlineata Say. Gastroidea polygoni Zinn. Diabrotica 12-punctata Odiv.
- vittata Fad. ‘4 longicornis Say. Galeruca xanthomelzna Schr.
TENEBRIONIDA. Nyctobates pennsylvanicus De. Tenebrio tenebrioides Beauv. Diaperis hydni Fad, Hoplocephala bicornis O/iz. Platydema ruficorne Sturm.
MELANDRYID&. Eustrophus bicolor Fad.
ANTHICID2.
Notoxus monodon Fad. Anthicus cervinus Za/.
MELOIDA. Epicauta pennsylvanica DeG. | RHYNCHITIDA. Rhynchites bicolor Fad. CURCULIONID 23.
Pissodes strobi Peck. Acamptus rigidus.
SCOLYTIDA. Xyleborus celatus Aich.
ANTHRIBID A. Cratoparis lunatus Fad.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 311
WIND AND LIGHT zs. COCOON MIMICRY. By HERMANN Hornic, Phila., Pa.
As in the NEws only one location is given so far where Antho- charis genutia has been taken, I would like to add two more places within easy reach of Philadelphians. In the Spring of 1893 I caught some specimens between Morris Station and Pen- sauken Creek a few miles from Camden, N. J. On May 5, 1895, I caught three males and three females at Almonessen, Gloucester County, a few miles from Woodbury, N. J. The day was quite hot (85°), and all specimens were taken near noontime, most flying in the road in a northeasterly direction. Also one fine specimen of 6 AZtacus /una was found. I have raised this sea- son, very successfully, pupze of Aftacus cecropia, and have been very much interested in the article, ‘‘Cocoon Mimicry’’ in the May number of the News. I have fed the larvz on the leaves of Prunus serotina only, and the color of some of the cocoons are also white and some brown. But I am of a different opinion as to the cause of color given in above-mentioned article. As the breeding-cage situated in the open yard became too small for the number of larvz to spin their cocoons, I transferred the full-grown larvee to another cage in my study and every cocoon spun there is white; the frame wood is walnut and the wire netting is green.
Mrs. Annie Jackson, who has been my faithful helper in col- lecting and has taken care of_all larve during my absence, is of the same opinion as I am: that the less wind and sunshine the ‘larve have shortly before and during the spinning process the. whiter the cocoon will be. The-cocoon afterwards exposed to the wind and weather will turn darker. I would like to hear the opinion of others in this case, as it seems reasonable to me that the larve in the flag had little air and also darkness. But I can’t find any reason to account for some cocoons being smooth and others fluffy? Perhaps some of the NEws readers can answer this question.
Qa.
NOTES ON COLLECTING COLEOPTERA. By Frank S. Daccett, Duluth, Minn.
During the past ten years I have devoted more or less time to the collecting and study of Coleoptera at the head of Lake Su- perior, but owing to the absence from the city of others inter-
312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December,
ested in that study I have been obliged to rely entirely upon in- formation gleaned from journals and the actual experience gained by field pbservation. The first thing made apparent was the periodical scarcity of certain insects followed in time by seasons of plenty, in which I learned to lay by a supply to draw upon during the long years of disappearance.
Every collector keeps in mind some favorite spot where, in years, gone by, some lucky find has endeared it to him, and with what eager anticipation he visits it from time to time! Each year other spots are added until his entomological trips take the form of great circles with lucky spots strung all along like beads. One day I accidentally discovered that all my circles had been jumbled together and centered in one straight line along the shore of Lake Superior, and thereafter by watching the tempera-
ture and direction of winds, was always sure of finding a great
variety of insects and among them many rare ones.
One Spring, after a heavy warm rain, I visited the beach for an afternoon’s outing with the children, and they delight in such outings after being housed through the long Winter. The river poured a yellow flood out over the dark blue waters of the lake which the waves caught and spread with its débris of chips, bark and driftwood, over a broad expanse. These fragments were all carrying their load of life; it happened to be, this time, mostly Carabide, particularly Calosoma calidum, with a sprinkling of every sort usually found under logs, stones and in low damp situations; all caught by the sudden rise of waters and floated on these handy life-preservers to whatever spot fate might take them. Every wave brought them tumbling onto the sands, although they were time and again carried back, until some splash heavier than usual landed them where they had time to crawl up the logs and higher places on the sand, where the general warmth of the sun drove away the chilliness caused by the water, when they flew away among the trees back of the beach or hid under the drift wood. My greatest harvest, however, came not through the accident of a freshet, but by the warmth and general awak- ening of insect life in what we call the early Spring—the latter days of May, even though there may be ice in the hidden nooks along the north shore. Long after visitors from other cities make their appearance upon our streets clad in straw hats and light colored clothing, the chill from the icy waters of the lake pene-
‘
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 313
trates the surrounding country and its effect upon vegetation is quite marked. Trees that have put on their livery of green twenty-five miles away are here but showing the swelling bud. Plant life has forced its way to the surface in sheltered nooks; the lawns have taken on their tinge of green, but the chill air seems to call a halt until some day a balmy zephyr from the great prairies of the Dakotas drifts this way and overcoats are laid aside. The zephyr may increase to a gale—all the better for our purpose. Its effect on all life is magical, Spring has come. Busi- ness hours are cut as short as possible, and every one does honor to the occasion in his own sweet way. For my part I wait pa- tiently, knowing that after the first day of heat thousands, yes, millions of insects, warmed by the gentle breath of Spring will seek every point of vantage from which to spread their wings, and I know full well that as soon as they circle out from the pro- tecting brush and tree, some life-giving wave of air will carry them far out over the icy waters of the lake where they alight or fall exhausted. This continues during the three days which these early warm waves last; then the reaction comes. The heated air rises, the cold lake air rushes in driving away by its chill all signs of insect life, but with it comes a vast horde of hapless ones, infinite in numbers, and often of great variety. You stand upon the sandy beach at the edge of the water—a piece of driftwood
- floats in like a ship of state, for it carries many a royal passenger;
the wave that casts it at your feet takes back as toll two-thirds of the passengers, but there are enough left to satisfy the most exacting collector; besides, why wait for ships of state when the beach is fairly covered with fragments under which lie a great variety, and from which one has only to avoid the common spe- _ cies. A barrel-hoop projecting from the sand furnished over thirty specimens of the smaller sorts, the larger ones resorting to the ends and tops of half buried logs. The afternoon of which I write I secured forty-three specimens of Harmonia 14-guttata and twenty-six of H7. maculata. Usually one particular beetle predominates; this time it was the female of Corymédites virens, one might have taken a pint of them alone. It was two weeks later before I secured the males in quantity from tag alder bushes by beating. Avatis 15-punctata were also very numerous. One year Dicerca divaricata \ay about the sands, sometimes a dozen in a single footstep, but these had net been in the water, but
a
314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December,
seemed to have dropped onto the hot sands and perished. Among them that year were a great number of Dicerca tenebrosa, for 1 secured over two hundred perfect specimens that afternoon. The conditions seemed to be particularly favorable for Coccinelidee of which I secured a good series of the following: __
Anisosticta strigata, Harmonia picta, Hippodamia 5-signata, & I4-guttata, * CONVEYZENS, te 12-maculata, iy 13-punctata, Mysia pullata,. - parenthesis, Anatis 15-punctata, Coccinella trifasciata, Chilocorus bivulnerus, sy g-notata, Exochomus tripustulatus, “7 transversoguttata, flyperaspis lateralis, of monticola, a undulata, at tricuspts, -Epilachna borealis.
Two years in succession, 1891 and 1892, I intended to take full advantage of the usual opportunity, but the warm waves failed to materialize, or else came too late to meet the conditions, and the insects appeared in a slow and unsatisfactory (by com- parison) manner. Even when the warm waves came at the proper time one had to be on hand to receive the full benefit for, by the second day after the warm spell, nearly every insect had either died and dried up or had sought more congenial quarters ° than that furnished by the driftwood and dry sand.
Any collector visiting Duluth during late May or first half of ’ June will find the beach along Minnesota Point well worth an investigation, and he may be fortunate enough to strike condi- tions above described.
Some Notes on May and June Collecting around Chicago, Hl. By W. E. LONGLEY.
Lepidoptera collecting has been generally good so far this year. May and June have been warm with very little rain. Papilio ajax made its appearance in considerable numbers in June in some localities though but few good specimens were taken by any one. I did not take a single good specimen. In former years ajax has been seldom taken here. P. philenor, trotlus and turnus usually rare, have been occasionally taken; pAz/enor more
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 315
than usual in former years. /. asterias is not as common as usual. Argynnis cybele and aphrodite have been very abundant, and zda/ia has appeared within the last fortnight in goodly num- bers, but they (all Avgynnis) have been nearly all males. Could have taken hundreds of males, but with my best exertion have taken about half a dozen females of each. A. ida/ia has here- tofore been quite scarce. I have not taken a half dozen good Pieris protodice in the last ten years’ collecting until this year. I find them everywhere this year and have taken more than a hundred good ones. Py- ‘ramets huntera is less common than last year, and all the speci- mens I have taken are unusually small. PP. carduz usually more common than Aundera: was rarely seen Jast year or this. Phy- ciodes nyctets was more abundant than usual, and P. tharos var. marcia was common. Chrysophanus the is not common here. I have taken more good specimens this year than usual. C. hypophleas was quite abundant in one or two localities in May, but is not generally found. The light form of Plusia simplex appeared in large numbers May roth around the lilac blossoms. The darker form and also P. precationis are now abundant. The small form of Drasteria erechtea appeared early in May, but soon disappeared. The latter part of June the larger form appeared, and is now abundant. Leucania unipunctata has been very scarce as compared with former years. L. phragmatidico/a ap- pears to have taken its place. JL. pallens, albilinea,.commoides and pseudargyria appeared in limited numbers. /Paradlelia bis- ‘riaris, usually rare, has this year been abundant. Hadena arctica made their appearance June roth in their usual abundance. I took all I could at one sweep of the cyanide bottle, from three trees in succession, and found I had thirty specimens. Mamestra Jorea, usually rare, has been abundant, and ™. renigera has been common. The other Mamestras, Hadenas, Agrotis, Noctuas and Feiltias, which are usually abundant, have not been so this year. Crambus laqueatellus were so numerous in June that the window- screens were covered all the evening. I saw between three and four quarts taken from an electric-light globe, the result of one night’s burning. They have now nearly disappeared. I have taken one Catocala nudilis, the only one taken by me _.in fifteen years’ collecting, also one Caberodes majoraria, which I never took before. I took two Militea pheton this year. Pre-
316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December,
vious to that I had one specimen only which I took in central Wisconsin twelve years ago.
1 had in my collection one Spzlosoma latipennis. This year Tl
took five specimens at Benton Harbor, Mich. I have taken one Pedisca gigantea, the third specimen in my collecting experience. Mr. J. L. Healy, who was with me July 4th, took one Feniseca targuinius, rarely found here. Let us hear from some of the others.
Qa ee
ADDITIONAL LIST OF INSECTS TAKEN IN ALPINE REGION OF MT. WASHINGTON.
By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON.
I have already published (Ent. News, vol. v, p. 1; vol. vi, Pp. 4) two lists of insects taken by myself and friends on the sum- mit of Mt. Washington. These lists include over 500 species. During the present season I have added about 330 names not in my previous lists. All these were taken in alpine region, at or above 5500 feet altitude. Mr. F. C. Bowditch, of Brookline, Mass., did some very interesting collecting on the mountain in Coleoptera this Summer, especially by dredging in the mountain
pools. Though he has generously shared his captures in this .
order with me and urged my adding their names to my list, I have preferred omitting them. I earnestly hope that he will him- self soon prepare a paper on the Coleoptera of the mountain with remarks on their distribution and habits. His ability to do this well will be acknowledged by all. I have again been aided ma- terially by specialists in preparing this list. Let me here ac- knowledge this and thank Messrs. Liebeck, Coquillett, Davis, Ashmead, Banks, MacGillivray, Fox and others for their kindness and assistance.
LEPIDOPTERA. Hepialus hyperboreus ? Moeschi. Pseudothyatira cymatophorides Gz.
or Catocala relicta Walk. Grapta J-album Ba.-Lee. Glaucopteryx czsiata Bork. Heterocera. Smerinthus geminatus Say. HYMENOPTERA. Scepsis fulvicollis Hd. Tenthredinide. Arctia quenselii Geyer. Hylotoma meleayi Leach. Clisiocampa disstria Hbn. e scapularis AZug.
ae Se ee ren tee
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 317
Hylotoma abdominalis Leach. " ceerulea Nor. Monophadnus rubi Harr. Phymatocera fumipennis Nor?. Labidea originalis ort. Macrophya trisyllaba Say. “ce eh. sp. peeredo mellina ort. redimacula MacG.
nigricollis Kirédy. As barnstonii A7rdy. remota MacG.
Uroceride.
Urocerus albicornis Faé. to cyaneus Fad.
Cyanipide. Ibalia maculipennis Ha/d.
Ichneumonide. Ichneumon czruleus CG.
Ls nanus CY. pomilius? Prov. scitulus G. wilsoni Cr.
Nn. sp. ? Herpestomus plutelle2 Ashm. “ec Nn: sp. n. sp. Stilpnus n. sp. ? Phygadeuon n. sp. Z Nn. sp. Cryptus limatus C. ** extrematis C.
luctuosus Cr. n. sp.? Ophionid, gen. ? sp. ? Anomalon nigrorufum Nort.
ss sp. ? Campoplex n. sp. Limneria note Ashm.
i nigripes Cr. n. sp. ? > Mesochorus americanus Cr. Exetastes n. sp.
“ce
ce
ce
novatus MacG. mss.’ -coxatus MacG. mss.
Mesoliens n. sp.
Eclytus pluralis Prov.
Euryproctus n. sp.
Tryphon n. sp.
Euceros medialis C7”. [mss. Mima washingtoniensis n. sp. Davts Thalessa lunator Fad.
Ephialtes rufipedibus Harrington. Pimpla conquisitor Say.
* — novita Cr.
Polysphincta limata Cr. [mss. * slossonz n. sp. Davis Glypta pulchripes @.
*< ruficornis Walsh.
*« rufiscutellatus Cr. Cylloceria occidentalis GC. Lampronota jocosa Cr.
eo parva Cr. nigropicta Davis. Phytodietus vulgaris C. s distinctus? Cr.
oe
Braconide.
Bracon mellitor Say, ** nuperus Cr.
n. Sp. Melanobracon charus Ailey. Vipio schwartzii Ashm. Spathius simillimus Ashm. Doryctes incertus Ashm.
a mellipes Ashm. [mss. slossonz n. sp. Ashm. Rhogas stigmator Say.
Ascogaster intermedius Ashm. mss.
S pallidicornis as Apanteles sp. ?
Microdus carinoides Cr.
* laticinctus Cr.
Orgilus mellipes Say. [mss. Microctonus dorsalis n. sp. Ashm. Cosmophorus hopkinsii Ashm. mss. Macrocentrus aciculatus Prov.
Chalcidide. Perilampus hyalinus Say.
Eurytoma diastrophi Wadsh. * gigantea Walsh.
“ce
)
Torymus flavicoxa O. S. n. sp.?
Isodroma montana Ashm. mss. Pteromalus puparum Linn.
2 sp. ? * Semiotellus suborbicularis Prov. Euplectus frontalis Howard. Entedon albitarsis Ashm.
Proctotrypide. Pentacantha canadensis Ashm. Aneurhynchus mellipes Ashm. Calotelia marlatti Ashm. Pantoclis analis Ashm.
Basalys picipes? Ashm. Scoliide. Tiphia inornata Say.
Pompilide. Pompilus scelestus? C. + sp.? Priocnemis alienatus .S7.
Philanthide.
Cerceris compar C. Pemphredonide. Stigmus fraternus Say. Eumenide.
Odynerus debilis Sauss. es: capra Sauss.
Vespide. Vespa germanica Fad. Andrenida. Prosopis sp. ? Sphecodes sp. ?
COLEOPTERA. Cicindelide. Cicindela purpurea Odiv. 5 vulgaris Say. Carabidae. _Notiophilus sibericus Mofs. Nebria pallipes Say.
318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[ December,
Dyschirius globulosus Say. Bembidium versicolor? Lec. a mutatum G. & H. re oblongulum Jann. Tachys incurvus Say. ** nanus Gy/1. - Amara pallipes Kirby. | Lebia furcata Lec. Metabletus americanus De. Harpalus laticeps Lec. sf varicornis Lec. Stenolophus fuliginosus De7. Bradycellus cognatus Gy//. Anisodactylus harrisii Lec. - rusticus De.
Hydrophilide. Helophorus inquinatus Mann. Helocombus bifidus Lec. Hydrobius fuscipes Zinn.
Silphide. Anisotoma assimilis Zec. Staphylinide. Staphylinus vulpinus Nord. Euryporus puncticollis Zr. Sunius longiusculus W/ann. Tachyporus jocosus Say.
Scaphidiide. Scaphidium 4-pustulatum Say.
Coccinellide. Coccinella tricuspis A7rdy. Harmonia 14-guttata Linn. Anatis 15-punctata O/iv. Hyperaspis bigeminata Rand, Scymnus puncticollis Zec.
Cucujide.
Lzemophlezus biguttatus Say.
Cryptophagide.
Henoticus serratus Gy//.
Dermestide.
Byturus unicolor Say.
* Bred from Agrotis sp.
a
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 319
Histeridz. Hister planipes Lec.
Nitidulide. Euprea truncatella Mann. lee labilis Zr. Ips fasciatus Oliv.
Latridiide. Corticaria sp. ?
Byrrhidz. Syncalypta sp. ?
Dascyllide. Cyphon variabilis Thunb.
Elateridz. Adelocera brevicornis Lec. _ Agriotes mancus Say. Corymbytes aratus Lec. Buprestide. Chrysobothris dentipes Germ.
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus Gory.
Lampyride. Telephorus curtisii A7rby.
Cleridz. Hydrocera verticalis? Say.
Lucanide. Platycerus depressus Lec.
Scarabzide. Aphodius hamatus Say. Dichelonycha elongata Fad. ae subvittata Lec.
Cerambycide.
Phymatodes dimidiatus Kody.
Callidium janthinum Lec. Xylotrechus colonus Fab. Clytanthus ruricola O/iv. Gaurotes cyanipennis Say. Monohammus confusor A7rby. Hyperplatys maculatus Ha/d.
Chrysomelide.
Donacia subtilis Kuzze. “rufa Say.
Graphops pubescens Melsh. Chrysomela scalaris Lec.
¥ bigsbyana Kirby. Lena tremule Fad. Phyllodecta vulgatissima Linn. Haltica evicta Lec.
Tenebrionide. Paratenetus punctatus So/.
Melandryide. Melandrya striata Say. Eustrophus confinis Lec.
Oedemeride. Asclera ruficollis Say.
Mordellide. Anaspis rufa Say. Tomoxia lineella Lec. Mordella scutellaris Fad. * serval Say.
Anthicide. Corphyra cyanipennis Bland. Anthicus sp. ?
Curculionide. Macrops sparsus Say. Pissodes strobi Peck. Dorytomus laticollis Lec. Magdalis n. sp. ? Anthonomopsis xanthocnemis Diz. Conotrachelus nenuphar Hész. Idiostethus ellipsoideus Casey.
Calandride. Rhyncholus sp. ?
Scolytide.
Tomicus pini Say.
Anthribide. Allandrus bifasciatus Lec.
DIPTERA. Diplosis sp. Asyndulum montanum Roder. Gnoriste megarrhina O. 5S. Eudicrana obumbrata Zw. Bibio pallipes Say. ‘“ vestita Walk.
320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS,
Scatopse pulicaria Zw.
Chironomus attenuatus Wad. ¢ tricinctus Meig.
Tanypus turpis Zeé?.
Psychoda sp.
Tipula frigida Walk.
‘* simulata Walk. Pachyrrhina vittula Zw. Ctenophora succeedens Wad. Allognosta obscuriventris Zw. Pachygaster pulcher Zw. Chrysopila quadrata Say. © Leptis mystacea Macq. Spania edeta Wadk. Taracticus 8-punctatus Say. Asilus nove scotiz Macq.
‘* distinctus Wilds. Rhamphomyia basalis Zw. “ nigricans Zw. sf macilenta Zw. Hilara seriata Lw.
** tristis Zw.
Gloma obscura Zw. Platypalpus zequalis Zw.
: flavirostris Zw.
= trivialis Zw. Tachydromia similis Wad. Dolichopus albiciliatus Zw.
co batillifer Zz.
te scoparius Zw.
% variabilis Zw.
" n. sp. Gymnopternus scotias Zw. Medeterus n. sp.
= n. sp. Hydrophorus sp. ? Platychirius quadratus Say. Sphegina keeniana Wii/sz. Pipunculus nitidiventris Zw. Peleteria flaviventris V. d. W. Nemorza aldrichii 7own. Thysanomyia inermis Bigot. Aporia limacodis Town. Carcelia leucanize Xiré&. Degeeria washingtone Cog. Hypostena barbata Cog.
“
Sarcophaga sarracenie Riiey.
“se sp.
Mesembrina latreilli R. Desv. Cyrtoneura stabulans Fad/. Mydeza pagana Fad//. ‘“« palposa Wale. ‘urbana Meig. Hydrotza bispinosa Zef¢. Hyetodesia rugia Wa/k.
i serva Meig. Lasiops cunctans Meig. Limnophora litorea Fad/.
ce sp.
Hylemyia grisea Walk. __ Caricea fuscopunctata Macq. “* calopyga Zw. “ce sp. Cordylura munda Zw.
Hydromyza volucricaput Walk.
Scatophaga pallida Wadk. es n. sp.
Scatina bicolor Wadk.
Helomyza lateritia Zw.
Tephrochlamys rufiventris A/eig.
Tetanocera flavescens Zw.
“ triangularis Zw. _ Seoptera vibrans Zinn. Sapromyza lupulina Fad.
= notata FalZ.
a rotundicornis Zw. Lauxania obscura Zw, _
‘© eylindricornis Fad. Piophila casei Zinn. Drosophila n. sp.
Oscinis n. sp. Meromyza americana Fitch. Siphonella latifrons Zw.
i levigata Fad. Chlorops versicolér Zw. Sphzerocera subsultans Fad. Phora rufipes Meig.
HEMIPTERA.
Heteroptera. Eurygaster alternatus Say. Perillus exaptus Say.
[December,
~
SEWS. 21 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3
Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhd. Macrocoleus coagulatus. Labops hesperius Uhd. Dicyphus famelicus Uh/. Gargaphia tilize Wadsh. Aradus debilis UZ. Hygrotrechus remigis Say. - Salda n. sp. ? Notonecta undulata Say. Corisa sp. ?
Homopiera. Smilia camelus Fad. Aprophora parallela Say. Lepyronia 4-angulatus? Say. Helicoptera sp. ? Agallia novella Say. Diedrocephala coccinea Fors?. Deltacephalus sp. ?
ORTHOPTERA.
Ceuthophilus terrestris Scudd.
THYSANURA. _
Isotoma sp. ? Tomocerus sp. ?
NEUROPTERA.
Lestes hamata Se/ys. _ Diplax rubicundula Say.
Psocus sp. ?
Leuctra tenuis Pict. Micromus montanus Hag. Hemerobius sp. ?
“ sp. ? Platyphilax designata Wa/k. Chrysopa oculata Say. Meleoma signoretti Fitch.
slossone n. sp. Bés. Panorpa canadensis B&s. ‘* subfurcata West. ARACHNID&. Aranez. Thargalia descripta? Henéz. Epeira displicata Hentz.
‘* trivittata Keys.
Zilla montana Koch. Xysticus 5-punctatus Keys.
‘* formosus B&s. gulosus Keys. emertoni Keys. Philodromus aureolus Walck.! Pirata montana £m.
Icius montanus n. sp. Bs. mss. ** similis B&s. Habrocestum decsrum BZ.
“ce
“ce
Acarine. Bdella peregrina Bks. Rhyncholophus parvus Bes.
CHIONOBAS CALIFORNICA.—This species of butterfly I have taken for a number of years within a few miles of Fort Klamath, Oregon. It gener- ally inhabits the open pine timber, where there is a growth of ‘‘ buck brush” (a waxy, smooth-barked bush) coming out of the brush into the glades, where there is usually a growth of grass and some moisture, where they are the most readily captured. This species (the males) will often chase a Fapilio a long ways. It is found on high land, and low land, on dry and moist, but is a/ways in or near shade. It is not a rare fly here, except in every other year, when it is extremely rare. In 1891 I did not see a single specimen; in 1892 there were plenty; in 1893 I took but three specimens, but the next year I saw large numbers. This year I have seen but a very few. So I expect a good catch of this interesting fly next year, when I would be glad to exchange it to my eastern brethren for their catches.—BurToNn L. CUNNINGHAM, Fort Klamath, Oregon.
Io*
Ww
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Acatene of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not Jess than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent.
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ges All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1895.
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES.
THE subject of geographic names is one of more or less interest to the entomologist. A description of a species without a locality is well-nigh useless: and a precise habitat is worth orie-half the description. Not- withstanding the importance of geographic names, a great many ento- mologists are wont to treat them in a perfunctory manner, kastily jotting down IIl., if Illinois be meant, or Pa., or Penn., perhaps, for Pennsyl- vania, or worse still O., which every one is supposed to understand means Ohio—not Oregon or Oklahoma. Of course such abbreviations are understood by Americans, but there are others whose geographic knowledge of the United States is limited, and who know not whether
N. Mex. means New Mexico or Northern Mexico; or whether Miss. stands —
for Mississippi or Missouri. A like abbreviation of geographic names -in such countries as Russia, Austro-Hungary, or in fact, any foreign country, would certainly cause utter confusion among non-inhabitants not: thor- oughly vérsed in local ways outside of their own. If systematists would consider that their work is not for those immediately surrounding them, perhaps we would see fewer locality names given whose meaning is, more or less, ambiguous. Americans are the worst offenders in this respect. : E.
g@* NOTICE.—Those who wish to continue their subscriptions to Entomological News for 1895, will please indicate their desire to the Treasurer, before January 1st next. No change in price.
22 | [December,
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 323
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J.
Papers for this department are solicited. They should be sent to the editor, Prof. John B. Smith, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J.
Insects as Pollenizers.—In the course of my studies on this subject I have examined the vestiture of quite a number of species of insects habit- ually found among flowers, and have been interested to find that in many of them, notably the Diptera, cormpound hairs, similar to those found in the Apidz among the Hymenoptera, are present. This 1s especially true of the Bombyliidz and Syrphidea—“‘ Bee-flies,’’ and “‘flower-flies,’’—and quite a variation in the character of the vestiture has been observed. In the Coleoptera some Ceéoniids have the hair roughened though without processes ir. the species examined by me. My studies have been neces- sarily upon limited material, and attention is called to the subject here for the benefit of others better situated to carry this line of study further. In my forthcoming Report some of these specialized hairs will be figured.
The Katydid’s Orchestra.—Under this caption we find in “‘Science’”’ for September 20th, a note by Mr. George M. Gould, of Macon County, North Carolina, which indicates that entomological knowledge is not par- ticularly well distributed in that region of the country, and also that per- haps not all papers on insects are referred to the entomological editor. After describing the method of stridulation and the sounds produced, Mr. Gould, who assumes that there is only one “‘ Katydid,’’ questions whether the difference in sound which he noted, might not be due to a difference in sex, seemingly ignorant of that almost fundamental fact that in the order Orthoptera the females are mute, and that his suggestion is an impossible one. It is bad enough to find absurd questions in news- papers; but when we find them in a professedly scientific journal, it always raises the question in the minds of those not specialists in other branches,—are those other subjects treated of with as much knowledge as this one of which we know something? From the description given, Mr. Gould evidently had never heard the true Katydid at all, and as he gives no sort of idea what the observed specimens looked like, we cannot say whether he had one or two species, and whether he had A/icrocen- frum, Scudderia or Amblycorypha under observation.
Mr. Scudder claims, commenting on my criticism in ‘‘Science”’ for No- vember I, p. 591, that the genera, exclusive of Cyrtophyllum, mentioned by me are not properly called ‘‘ Katydids,” and he may be quite right. Comstock, however, in his ‘“‘ Introduction,’’ and later in his ‘‘ Manual’ expressly calls them all ‘‘ Katydids,”’ and if this is an error, it is one that is being drilled into every student of entomology in the institutions where these text-books are used.
‘
324 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December,
Fungus Gardens in Ants’ Nests.-—In 1893, Moeller published, at Jena, a paper on “ Die Pilzgarten einiger Sidamerikamischer Ameisen,” in which he interestingly shows that the ants gather leaves and leaf fragments en- tirely for the purpose of cultivating upon them certain kinds of fungus growths which they use for food. They manifest sufficient intelligence to prevent the formation of spores or cunidia, forcing the plant to produce what Moeller calls ‘‘ Kohlrabis,”” upon which the ants feed.
At the Springfield meeting of the A. A. A. S., Mr. N. T. Swingle, of Washington, presented a paper before sections F and G, in which he re- corded his observations of a similar habit in one of our North American species, near Washington, D. C. The species is Affa fardigrada, and by no means uncommon in the more southern parts of the United States. We are just beginning to understand a little about the internal economy of ants, and here we have a species at our doors which will repay the closest study and. may give us a considerable amount of information as to the intelligent methods of these little creatures.
A New Insect Disease.—In ‘‘Science,’’ September 20th, Prof. S. A. Forbes announces the discovery of a new germ disease of insects which seems to promise good results from experiments made in the laboratory. The organism is a Bacillus, larger than 2. insectorum, and under natural conditions attacking the squash bug, Awasa ¢ristis. A number of species, including the chinch-bug, have been dipped into infusions of Agar cultures of this Bacillus, and it has proved fatal in a remarkably short time; the effect becoming marked in "few seconds and death resulting in a few minutes. ‘The preliminary restilts seem to be extremely favorable; whether field experiments will bear out the laboratory indications is an interesting question. ;
A New Parasite of the Mediterranean Flour Moth Zp/eitia kurhuirela Zell.—Until the present rearing, no parasite has been bred from this de- structive mill pest in America. Two species, Bracon brevicornis and Chremylus rubiginosus, have been bred from this insect by European entomologists, and the former, as reported by Mr. Sidney Klein in the Trans. Ent. Soc. of London for :887 (pp. 52-54), is said to have been the principal agent in clearing an infested warehouse. Since my discovery of the flour moth in California in 1892, I have been eagerly watching for the appearance of some natural reducing agent in that region. In Au- gust, 1895, a San Francisco miller sent me a package of infested flour for experimental purposes taken from one of the sprouts in his mill. This material was placed in a breeding-cage, and September 2d I discovered a small Hymenopterous parasite attacking a full-grqwn larva. Two weeks later several parasites were removed, and were kindly determined for me | by Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead. The species proved to be Bracon hebetor Say, and falls into Mr. Ashmead’s subgenus Habrobracon. It isa widely- distributed species, and comes very close to Habrobracon gelechi@ Ashm. which I have also reared from Canarsia hammondi. September 24th,
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 325
from the same cage, I bred another specimen, a male, which is certainly different from typical males of Habrobracon hebetor. It differs markedly in several particulars—number of joints in antenne, its more elongated form, much smaller size, and in color; but until the opposite sex is bred, Mr. Ashmead thinks it would be better to consider it only a variety of 4ebetor.—W. G. JOHNSON, Urbana, IIl.
Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE. {The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors.—Alil contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “‘extras’’ without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—En.
CoccipoLocicat Items.—-Dactylopius iceryoides and Ctenochiton per- Joratus have been entered doubtfully in our lists, on the strength of their alleged introduction in California; vide ‘‘Insect Life,’’ 1893, p. 282, *“*Canadian Entomologist,’’ 1894, p..34. The identifications appear to have been made by Mr. Craw. Mr. Maskell now writes me that he has received specimens of the forms so recorded, and finds that the supposed D. tceryoides is really D. aurilanatus Maskell, while the so-called Cfeno- © chiton does not belong to that genus.
Gossyparia ulmi ‘is sent to me in some quantity by Prof. G. C. Davis, who finds it at the Michigan Agricultural College on elm, ‘‘ covering the under side of all the large limbs,” and scattered on all of the smaller limbs. The elms on which it is at work are quite large trees, he adds.
In ‘‘Insect Life,”’ last year, Prof. Davis reported a supposed new genus of Dactylopiini on palms in the hot-house of the Michigan Agricultural College. Mr. Howard was so kind as to forward me some of this mate- rial, and I have identified it as Dactylopius nipe Maskell, a neotropical insect. It is an aberrant Dacty/opius, and may form the type of a new genus one of these days.—T. D. A. COCKERELL.
A REMARKABLE phenomena is recorded to have occurred in Ireland in the Summer of 1688. The cock-chafers (Me/olontha), in this instance, were in such immense numbers, ‘‘that when,” as the chronicler, Dr, Molyneux, relates, ‘‘ towards evening or sunset they would arise, disperse and fly about, with a strange humming noise, much like the beating of drums at some distance; and in such vast incredible numbers, that they
326 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December,
darkened the air for the space of two or three miles square. ‘*‘The grind- ing of the leaves,’ he continues, “in the mouths of thiS vast multitude ~ altogetler, made a sound very much resembling the sawing of timber.’” In a short time after the appearance of these beetles in these immense numbers, they had so entirely eaten up and destroyed the leaves of the trees, that the whole country, for miles around, though in the middle of Summer, was left as bare as in the depth of Winter. During the unfavor- able seasons of the weather, which followed this plague, the swine and poultry would watch under the trees for the following of the beetles, and feed and fatten upon |them; and even the poorer sort of the country peo- ple, the country then laboring under a scarcity of provision, had a way of dressing them, and “ved upon them as food. In 1695, Ireland was again visited with a plague of this same kind.— Cowan’s Curious Facts.
Drasterius simiolus Cand. when first described was credited to Cali- fornia, and has never been identified by me. Since, it has been found abundantly in Mexico, and from a specimen sent by Mr. Champion it is certain that we have never had it in our fauna.
Dinoderus brevis Horn, described many years ago from Louisiana, is found by Mr. Lesne to be minutus Fab., the comparison having been made at my suggestion.
Bostrichus spectabilis Lesne (Ann. Fr. 1895, p: 173) has recently been described as from California. The characters given to the species are at variance with the general faunal type, and it is to me very doubtful as to locality. California has been too often assigned as the home of unknown vagrants.—GEo. H. Horn.
Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers.
Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consultéd before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages»to ENTOMOLOGICAL NrEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
Entomological Literature.
Under the above head it is intended to note such papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology, unless monographs, or con- taining descriptions of new genera, will not be noted. Contributions to the anatomy of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
1. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE DES SCIENCES DE LIEGE (2), T. xviiii—New Elateride, E. Candeze.
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 327
2. LE NATURALISTE. Paris, No. 206.—Monographic essay on the Co- leoptera of the genera Pseudolucanus and Lucanus (cont.), L. Planet.— No. 207.—Relations between the means of defense and colors in insects, L. Cuénot.
3. The Larve of British Butterflies and Moths, by W. Buckler, vol. vi, Ray Society, London, 1895.
4. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR -ENTOMOLOGIE WITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDER- LANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING, Deel xxxvii, Afl. 3.—Two new Opilionidz from Dutch East India, J.C. C. Loman. Ibid. Afl. 4.—A pair of neck organs in the larve of Notodonta ziczac L., A. Brants.
5. ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, No. 94.—On the Geometridz, Pyralidz and allied families of Heterocera of the Lesser Antilles, G. F. Hampson.——No. 95.—Newly-discovered stridulating or- gans in the genus Scytodes, F. O. Pickard-Cambridge. On the Lamelli- corn Coleoptera of Japan, and notices of others, G. Lewis. Descriptions of new genera of Zephroniide, with brief preliminary diagnoses of some new species, R. J. Pocock.
6. Dr. Johannes Leunis Synopsis der drei Naturreihe. Erste Theil. Zoologie, Band ii, by Hubert Ludwig, 8vo. Hannover, 1895.
7. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1895, pt. 2.—On collections of Lepidoptera from British Central Africa and Lake Tanganyika, A. G. Butler.
8. BroLoGiA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, Zoology, pt. 124.—Arachnida- Araneidea, pp. 145-160, O. P. Cambridge. Coleoptera, vol. iv, part 6, pp. 49-80, plate 3, D. Sharp. Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. ii, pp. 233- 248, plates 61, 62, H. Druce. Rhyncota-Homoptera, vol. ii, pp. 89-112, plate 7, W. W. Fowler.
g. DENKSCHRIFTEN DER KAISERLICHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSEN- SCHAFTEN, Wien, Ixi.—The Diptera of the Imperial Museum in Vienna, vii. Preliminary work to a monograph of the Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidz), pt. 4, F. Brauer and J. E. v. Bergenstamm.
10. BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, HERAUSGEGEBEN VON DEM ENTOMOLOGISCHEN VEREIN ZU BERLIN, xxxix, Heft 4.—The Pom- pilid genus Pepsis, R. Lucas. Ibid. xl, Heft 1.*The group Homalomyia of the Anthomyidz, with its genera and species, P. Stein. Zristalis tenax in Chinese and Japanese literature and contributions to the study: of the Liponeuridez Loew (Blepharoceridz Loew, olim), C. R. Osten Sacken. Ibid. xl, Heft 2.—Dipterological studies ii, Sapromyzide, Th. Becker. Tomonotus Theresiz, Brunner.
tt. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION, vii, 2.—On the development of sex in social insects, J. W. Tutt. ——vii, 3.— The resting habit of insects as exhibited in the phenomena of hybernation and estivation, W. F. de V. Kane. Generic names in Afpatela, A. R. Grote, with note, J. W. Tutt. ,
328 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December.
ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, xxxix,
g.—New ants from Australia, . . . A. Forel.——xxxix, 10.—Descriptions ~
of new Arachnida of the family Thomiside, E. Simon. Descriptions of © Coleoptera of Madagascar and neighboring islands, L. Fairmaire. On the Coleoptera of the genus Sidimia Germar, H. Tournier. x
13. TRANSACTIONS OF THE NEw YoRK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, xiv.— Additional notes on the classification of Lepidopterous larve, H. G. Dyar.
14. MATHEMATISCHE UND NATURWISSENSCHAFTE BERICHTE AUS UN- GARN, Budapest, xi, Bd. Erste Halfte.—Material for a monograph of the Acarid fauna of Hungary, L. Karpelles.
15. MITTHEILUNGEN AUS DEM NATURHISTORISCHEN Museum IN Hie BURG, Jhg. xii (1894).—East African spiders collected by Dr. F. Stuhlmann in the years 1888 and 1889, W. Bésenberg and H. Lenz. Supplement to Part I of Revision of the scorpions, K. Kraepelin.
16. BULLETIN DU MUSEUM D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE. Paris, 1895, No. 4.—Clavicornia of the Sunda Islands and Oceania collected by M. Raf- fray. Descriptions of new species in the collection of the Museum, A.
Grouville. ——1895, No. 6.-—On the salivary glands of the Locustide, , ee
Bordas.
17. BULLETINO DELLA SOCIETA ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA, XXvVii, I, 2. —Revision of the European species of the family of gnats (gen. Cale, Anopheles, Aedes) (cont.), E. Ficalbi. Contributions to the Dipterologi- cal fauna of Italy, M. Bezzi.
18. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, No. 486.—Note on the development of the lungs, entapophyses, trachez and genital ducts in spiders, F. Pur- cell. Corrections to my ‘‘On the Anatomy of the plant-lice, Aphidee,’ % which appeared in No. 484, A. Mordwilko.
19. Aranez Hungaria, . . . Cornelio Chyzer und Ladislao Kibkcay date vols. i and ii, pt. 1, 4to. Budapest (National oe of Hungary), 1892, 1894.
20. AMERICAN NATURALIST, November, 1895. —The genera of Lysio- ode O. F. Cook.
. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, XXii, Me 3 (issued in September). —The species of Dineutes of America North of Mexico, C. H. Roberts. Descriptioris of new Hymenoptera, T. D. A. Cockerell. Descriptions of new Hymenoptera, T. D. A. Cockerell and * J. E. Casad. On the larvze of some Nematoid and other saw-flies from the Northern Atlantic States, H. G. Dyar. New Neuropteroid insects, N. Banks. 22. THE ENToMOLoGITS’ MONTHLY MaGazing. London, November,
1895.—Wax secreted by Lepidoptera, H. G. Knaggs. Note on je trans- formations of a Pferomalus, T. A. Marshall. :
23. BULLETIN OF THE NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STA- TION, No. 110.—The Hessian-fly, J. B. Smith.—No. 111. Be dere leim” and “ Dendrolene,”’ ibid.
~~
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1895. | . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 329°
24. Species des Hyménopteres d’Europe et Algérie, . . . fonde par Edmond André et continue sous la direction scientifique de Ernest André, fascicule 52.—Chrysidz (cont.), R. du Buysson.
25. DELAWARE COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bul- letin No. 28.—Injury from leaf blight and strawberry weevil, M. H. Beck- with.
26. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, xxvii, No. 11.—Fe/tia subgothica © Haworth, or Agroftis (subgen. Agronoma) jaculifera Guenée, which?, M. V. Slingerland. The second Anacrabro and the smallest Oxybelus, T. D. A. Cockerell. Butterflies of Southern Manitoba, E. F. Heath. Notes on Mr. E. F. Heath’s collection of butterflies, J. Fletcher. Sup- plementary note to the Saturnians, A. R. Grote. Coleoptera taken at Lake Worth, Florida, No. 2, J. Hamilton. Notes on the insect fauna of Somerset County, Maine, P. Laurent. Note on the larva of Hemi/euca californica Wright, H. Dyar.
INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE.
The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper is published; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms.
. : THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Ludwig 6, Tutt 11, Cuénot 2, Kane 11, Laurent 26.
MYRIAPODA.
Cook 20. ARACHNIDA. Loman 4, Cambridge 8* 5, Karpelles 14, Bosenberg and Lenz 15, Krae- pelin 15, Purcell 18, Chyzer and Kulczynski 19, Simon 12*, Pocock 5.
ORTHOPTERA. Brunner 1o*, Bordas 16. ‘ NEUROPTERA. Banks 21*. HEMIPTERA.
Fowler 8*, Mordwilko 18. COLEOPTERA. - Candeze 1*, Planet 2, Sharp 8*, Grouville 16, Roberts 21*, Fairmaire 12, Tournier 12, Hamilton 26. DIPTERA.
Brauer and Bergenstamm g, Stein ro, Osten Sacken 10 (two), Becker to, Ficalbi 17, Bezzi 17.
LEPIDOPTERA. Buckler 3, Brants 4, Hampson 5*, Butler 7, Druce 8*, Dyar 13, 26, Knaggs 22, Grote 11, 26, Tutt 11, Slingerland 26, Heath 26, Fletcher 26.
HYMENOPTERA. Lucas to*, Forel 12, Cockerell 21*, 26*, Cockerell and Casad 21*, Dyar 21*, Marshall 22, du Buysson 24, Lewis 5.
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Smith 23 (two), Beckwith 26.
330 ENTOMCLOGICAL NEWS. [December,
Doings of Societies.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 12, 1895.
A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr.. H. W. Wenzel, 1509 S. 13th Street. Members present : Messrs. Bland, Boerner, Trescher, Laurent, Seiss, Fox, H. W. Wenzel, Schmitz, E. Wenzel, Haimbach, Hoyer, Castle and Griffith. Honorary member: J. B. Smith. Meeting called to order at 9 p.m., President Bland ~ in the chair. Dr. Griffith read a letter from Mr. George Stortz, of Newark, N. J., acknowledging receipt of amount in payment of the Social’s share — of the expense of the recent Jamesburg meeting and expressing the wish — that the members would attend the field-meeting next year at Newark. Dr. Griffith mentioned the receipt by him of some Coleoptera from Coeur d’” Alene, Idaho, which indicated a close faunal connection with Eureka, Cala. Mr. Boerner recorded the capture by C. A. Blake, of a specimen of Cafc- cala relicta at Rosemont, Pa., on October 20th. Dr. Castle exhibited some rare Coleoptera, including the following species: Toxofus vittigera, Leptura vitiosus and cordifera, Acanthoderus decipiens, from the Blue Mountains of Pennsylvania, and Heterachites ebenus and Microrhopala melsheimeri, from Masonville, N. J. Mr. H. W. Wenzel reported A/ono- crepidius vespertinus injuring beans. He had taken the species in large numbers on butter-beans at Atco, N. J., during the past Summer. Mr. Bland corroborated Mr. Wenzel’s report, and in reply to Prof. Smith, who said that this species was not before known to have such habits, stated that the beans turned black in spots after being attacked. Mr. Laurent exhibited part of a collection of moths taken at North Wales, Pa., during the Summer months, and remarked on the apparent abundance the males of Plemyria fluviata in comparison to the females, the latter being outnumbered in the collection 10 to 1. He had always believed the contrary to the case. He further mentioned the following species in the lot as being not common to Pennsylvania: Cindaphia bicoloralis, Agrotis bicarnia and Pyrausta acrionalis. Prof. Smith made a communication on the modifications of the hairs of Hymenoptera and Diptera, The va- rious forms of hair were shown by black-board illustrations. In the bees the greatest modifications occur, the hairs differing in all the genera and even in allied species. Plumose, barbed, spined, spatulate and other forms were found by him. Their use is evidently to aid in the gathering of pollen. These modifications, he stated, occur also in the Diptera, which are not pollen-gatherers, except fortuitously, and for this reason he was unable to account for the similarity of structure in both orders. There being no further business the meeting adjourned to the annex.
TueEo. H. Scumitz, Secretary.
a ee Se Te
1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 331
The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS.
OCTOBER 24, 1895.
A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, director, presiding. Meeting called to order at 8.05 p.m. Members present: Laurent, Welles, Fox, Seiss, Ridings, Liebeck, Skinner. Associates: Reinick, Boerner, Castle. Mr. Hornig, visitor. The Publication Committee reported in favor of the publication of the following papers: Descriptions of New Parasitic Hymenoptera, by W. H. Ashmead (paper No. 2). The Toxonomic Value of the Antennz of the Lepidoptera,—a Thesis presented to the Faculty of Cornell University May 1, 1895, for the degree of Doctor of Science, by Donaldson Bodine, with five plates. New North American Spiders and Mites, by Nathan Banks. _ Dr. Horn stated that he had re- cently received a letter from Mr. Hayward in which he stated that his. paper on Bembidium would soon be ready for publication in the ‘‘ Trans- actions’’ of the American Entomological Society. The speaker also men- tioned an interesting fact in geographical distribution. About six or eight years ago a gentleman went to Texas and sent home a few pill boxes which contained species of great interest; some being species only before found from Mexico and Central America. Mr. Wickham had recently sent specimens from Brownsville, Texas, among them being a Histerid and a Carabid not before found except in the region of Guatemala, and not in the intervening territory. Mr. Fox remarked on peculiar charac- ters found in two new species of Gorytes: G. confertus and laminatus. He also called attention to a recent article by Mr. W. H. Patton in which that author had asserted Astatus elegans, bellus and montanus to be but forms of one variable species. Mr. Fox took exception to this view and pointed out the distinguishing charactérs of the three species. Mr. Hor- nig having lately been rearing the larger moths gave his opinions on the so called cocoon mimicry, and said light and air had much to do with the color of the cocoon. The Director announced the death of Dr. John Godlove Morris, on October 1oth, aged ninety-two years. The Director “spoke in a reminiscent way of Dr. Morris, stating, among other things, that he was at the time of his death the oldest entomologist in the United States, and that he was a friend of Say and the Melsheimers, father and son. Mr. W. J. Gerhard was unanimously elected an associate of the Section. Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.
The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws:
332 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December,
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF NOCTUIDAE, By JoHN B. Situ, Se.D.
From my correspondents I have received, in the course of the last year or two, a number of Noctuids which seem to be unde- scribed. As some of them are about to he distributed, or have been distributed under manuscript names, it is deemed best to present their descriptions at this time in advance of a more com- plete paper to be published in the ‘‘ Transactions’’ of the Amer- ican Entomological Society. The plate contains figures of the species here described, and the specimens were all collected by Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod, Calgary, Canada.
Noctua substrigata n. sp. Pl. xv, fig. 4.—Ground color of the head, thorax and primaries a rich blackish brown with a more or less marked greenish tinge along the costa. From the base tot. p. line is a yellow shade extending below the submedian vein to the t. a. line, then broad- ening to the median vein. This streak is more or less distinct, and is in- terrupted by the dark veins and sometimes also by dusky streaks through the intervals. The ordinary lines are well marked. The basal line is geminate, pale, marked with brown shades at each side. Thet. a. line is formed of a narrow brown line, a very distinct, slightly broader yellow exterior line, and sometimes in turn by a deep brown or blackish shading. The line as a whole is sharply angulated on the subcostal vein and then > runs inwardly oblique and somewhat incurved to the inner margin, be- coming indefinite through the yellowish color below the submedian vein. The t. p. line is yellowish, preceded by a dark shade, but no distinct line, and followed by a narrow, dusky line. In course it is rather even, but with a strong bend outwardly over the cell. The s. t. line is a little irreg- ular, marked by a blackish preceding shade which gradually fades into the ground color before the t. p. line. The terminal spaceis clear brown, crossed by the dusky veins and marked at the base of the fringes by a series of small, inter-spacial dots. There is a blackish blotch in the basal space below the median vein. The claviform is of a moderate size, out- lined in black, centered with the brown ground color. The ordinary spots: are distinct and large; the orbicular is oblique and oblong; the reniform — kidney-shaped. In both cases the spots are outlined in black, and the is blackish before and between the spots; the secondaries are smoky, pale towards the base; beyond the middle there is an indefinite pale line, and at the end of the cell is a small dusky lunule. On the underside the wings are powdery gray with a more or less evidently marked extra-median line and sometimes a little reproduction of the s. t. line. The head is gray in front, as are also the tips of the palpi; the collar is gray tipped, and the edges of the patagize are also more or less pale marked; the ab- domen is of the color of the hind wings. Expands 32-38 mm.; 1.28-1.52 inches,
1895.] - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 333
Hab.—Calgary. Mr. Dod has sent me sevetal specimens of this insect which seems to be not uncommon at Calgary in July and August. This species is quite unlike anything else in our fauna and should be easily recognizable from the descripticn. The very even, pale median lines and the pale streak through the lower part of the median space are quite characteristic.
Noctua atricincta n. sp. PI. xv, fig. 3.—General color a very pale ash- gray, more or less powdery. The collar is blackish or brown at the base, the thorax is immaculate. On the primaries the ordinary lines are sin- gle, variably evident, blackish and diffuse. The basal line is sometimes distinct, sometimes marked only by a costal spot. T. a. line outwardly oblique and rather even in course, usually fairly well defined; but some- times marked on the costa only. T. p. line forming a rather broad out- curve and tolerably even. It is traceable in all the specimens that I have seen, but in one at least, which is figured, the contrast is very slight in- deed. Thes. t. line is marked bya dusky preceding shade, merging into the ground color before the t p. line is reached. On specimens in which this shade is best marked it forms the most prominent feature, and the median lines are indistinct. There is a traceable median shade, but it is not complete in any of my specimens and is diffuse in all. At the base of the fringes there is a broken terminal line. The claviform is wanting; the orbicular is absent or barely indicated, and the reniform is a small, black, lunate mark, sometimes emphasized by a whitish dot inwardly. The secondaries are white in both sexes, a little dusky toward the apices. Beneath, the primaries are smoky, the secondaries white, powdered at the costal margin with gray. Expands 35-38 mm.; I.40-1.52 inches.
Hab.—Calgary, in July. This species resembles /wdricans in general appearance, and is.an ally of that species. I have a
specimen from Volga, S. Dakota, which is, I think, the same; but it is somewhat better marked and rather darker, and may possibly represent a distinct species. It seems to be not uncom- mon, judging from the number of specimens sent me.
Noctua patefactan.sp. Pl. xv, fig. 2—The ground color is a rich, dark purplish brown, and tolerably even. The palpi are darker at the sides and the collar is broadly black, or very dark chestnut-brown at base, limited above by a narrow yellowish shade line. The primaries vary somewhat in the depth of the ground, being sometimes almost chestnut- brown and again of a purplish smoky tint. The ordinary lines are not well defined, but all are edsily traceable. Basal line black, followed by a few paler scales. T. a line black, interrupted, irregular in width, bisinuate in course and preceded by either a few pale scales, or by a more or less obvious pale line. T. p. line faint, slightly paler than ground color, out- curved over the reniform and very evenly oblique below that point. It is somewhat defined by very feebly marked dark lines, and inwardly there
334 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December,
is a tendency to add blackish scales until, in one specimen, we have a fragmentary, narrow preceding shade. Thes. t. line is pale, obvious in all the specimens, defined by a perceptibly darker s. t. shading. The terminal space is very even in color, sometimes a little paler than the rest of the wing, and there is a hardly perceptible series of terminal lunules. A vague, dusky, median shade is traceable in some specimens. The or- dinary spots are all marked by distinct, narrow, yellowish lines, and these form the most prominent feature in the wing; the interior of the spots is of the-ground color, leaving the pale outlines very distinct. The clavi- form is of good size and extends fully half way across the median space. The orbicular and reniform are both of good size, of characteristic form, and are connected inferiorly, the lines defining the two spots being con- tinuous, so that we have a true fusion of the spots and not an accidental joining. The secondaries are dull, smoky brown in both sexes, but a little paler toward the base. As usual the fringes are pale, with a dusky interline. The underside is smoky, the hind wings paler and more pow- dered, and on both wings a more or less obvious outer line is apparent. Expands 30-37 mm.; 1I.20-1.50 inches.
Flab.—Calgary, June to August.
Mr. Dod sends me six specimens, evenly distributed as to sex under the number 59, and states that the specimens were ‘‘ com- mon at Treacle in ’94.”’
The species is a very well marked one and cannot easily be mistaken. I omitted to say, in the description, that the space between the ordinary spots above the bend of the junction is black, and this feature, with the narrow pale rings defining the confluent spots. gives the insect a characteristic appearance. Its nearest ally we find in dzcarnea, than which this species is some- what narrower winged, but of much the same ground color and with approximately the same general pattern of marking.
Carneades recticincta n. sp. PI. xv, fig. 7.—Ground color a very pale straw-yellow, with a dash of luteous. Head, thorax and abdomen, im- maculate. Primaries with all the ordinary lines indistinct, barely trace- able as slightly paler shadings; all the lines indicated on the costa by single, black dots. The location of the s. t. line is feebly marked by a few blackish scales. The claviform is not traceable. The orbicular is faintly marked by a slightly paler ring. The reniform is obscured by a rather broad, blackish band, which crosses the wing through the outer portion of the median space. .This band has an irregular inner margin
which is, however, well defined; outwardly it is rather diffuse, and limited
principally by the location of the t. p. line. Secondaries white, or nearly so, a little dusky outwardly, and with a fairly distinct, discal lunule: On the underside the secondaries are silky with a very faint yellowish tinge. The primaries are also whitish, but the disc is smoky, or at least gray in shade. Expands 34 mm.; 1.36 inches.
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1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 335
flab.—Calgary, in 1894.
Mr. Dod states that this is a unique. The specimen is a female, but is so characteristic that there can be little doubt of its location. It plainly belongs to that section of Carneades of which messoria is typical, and it belongs to that particular series of which my fe- dalis is a good example. The insect is very simply marked, and should be recognized without much difficulty.
Carneades vulpina n. sp. PI. xv, fig. 5.—The general ground color is dull ashen gray; the head and thorax immaculate, with the vestiture somewhat loose, hairy and divergent; the primaries with none of the markings distinct and all the lines just barely traceable by slightly paler or darker scales. There is a somewhat better marked dusky median shade, and the series of pale s. t. dots are fairly visible in certain lights. The ordinary spots are quite distinct, but undefined; the orbicular is ‘small, pale ringed, with a dotted center of the ground color. The reni- form is marked by two parallel pale lines defining the inner and outer margins, the upper and lower borders being not traceable in my speci- men. The secondaries are a little paler in shade than the primaries, and on the underside we have a yet paler tinting, also without definite macu- lation. Expands 37 mm.; 1.50 inches.
Ffab.—Calgary, September 2oth, ‘‘ Treacle.’’
This is the number 18 of Mr. Dod’s list, and he says that ‘‘ it is probably unique.’’ The antennz are long and the serrations are not particularly well marked, but evident. It belongs in the 4ostoniensis section of the messoria group, in which the vestiture is hairy and the markings are not well defined. In this section we also find the tendency to unusually long antennz. The insect bears a curious resemblance to certain faded gray forms of Leu- canta unipuncta.
Carneades acornis n. sp. Pl. xv, fig. 6.—Ground color a rather pale grayish luteous; head and thorax immaculate; primaries with all the mark- ings indistinct and barely traceable. The ordinary lines can be detected on close examination as slightly darker shades, and the s. t. line is fairly well marked. The ordinary spots are very faintly outlined and of a slightly paler shade. There is a vague trace of a median line, but at first glance the wings seem to be without any markings at all. Secondaries whitish, with a fairly marked submarginal blackish shading, and a dusky lunule. On the underside both pairs wings are very faint pearly gray, with a rather well-marked blackish discal spot; the primaries a little darker. Expands 40 mm.; 1.60 inches.
Hab.—Edge Calgary, Aug. 23, 1894, at light.
The specimen is a male, and seems to be a unique. It was sent me as ‘“‘perhaps Carneades cenis,’’ but it cannot be that
336 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [December,
species nor any other with which I am acquainted. There is the barest possibility that it may be the female of the species just
previously described, that is, C. vadpina, but I do not consider
bias
it in the least likely. It would seem as if this species was best placed in the pztychrous section as a somewhat remote ally of citricolor.
Caraeades servitus n. sp. PI. xv, fig. 8—The ground color is bluish gray; the collar marked by a transverse black line, below which it is paler; but otherwise the head and thorax are concolorous. The prima- ries are rather contrastingly marked, and all the ordinary maculation is visible in an imperfect condition. The pale ground color extends along the costa, and through the median cell to the end of the reniform, ob- literating the orbicular entirely and leaving the reniform defined by a little triangular black spot. Below this bright gray streak the median space is
darker in color, smoky or blackish, and in the basal space there is a’
blackish blotch below the median vein that darkens this space inferiorly. The basal line is single and blackish, marked on the costa only. - The t. a. line is single, outwardly oblique, blackish, but not marked through the costal region. The t. p. line is single, dark, outcurved over the reni- form and then evenly oblique to the hind margin. Thes. t. line is not well marked in the male, defined by the darker terminal space and two broken preceding shades, giving a little the appearance of pale streaks on veins 3 and 4; but in the female the terminal space is of the ground color and the preceding shades are brown and rather vague. There is a dusky terminal line, followed by a paler line at the base of the fringes. The claviform is well marked and extends nearly across the median space, the outline rather indefinite. "The ordinary spots have been already de- scribed. The secondaries are immaculate, smoky, with a yellowish tinge
in the male, which is absent in the female. On the underside both wings ©
are of the same shade as the upperside of the secondaries, and there is a partial outer line on each, with a traceable discal lunule on the seconda- ries. Expands 30-31 mm.; 1.20-I.25 inches. fTab.—Male, Colarade: Bruce, No. 418; female, Calgary, 1894, No. 38. I have had the male of this species in my collection for some time, but placed it rather doubtfully as an extreme variety of
vedimicula, as the type of maculation is decidedly similar, and
the species belongs to that series. The receipt of a female from Calgary inclines me to the belief that we have a distinct species, for the peculiarities of the male are carried still further in the other sex; yet it would not surprise me if,.in the event, my orig- inal belief proved to be correct. As species go, however, I believe at present that this is fairly well marked.
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1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 337
Mamestra gussata n. sp. PI. xv, fig. 9.—General color a warm reddish gray, varying somewhat in the specimens, and sometimes becoming brown. The head and thorax are immaculate, but the scales are a little gray tipped, giving the vestiture a hoary appearance. The ordinary lines are evident, but not well marked. The basal line is defined in some specimens, and is black, reaching to the submedian vein and there bent inward to the base, so that we have the appearance of a short basa! streak; in some specimens it is marked only at this point. The t. a. line is well removed from the base, forms three evident outcurves and is, as a whole, outwardly convex. It is black, preceded by a slightly paler shade, and occasionally this is inwardly limited by a few dusky scales, The t. p. lihe is pale, inwardly defined by dusky scales, which become blackish lunules below the median vein in some specimens. It is sometimes almost obso- lete opposite the cell, is tolerably even, widely bent over the reniform and then strongly incurved below that point, so that the median space becomes very narrow, inferiorly. Thes. t. line is well marked and pale, in some specimens preceded by a distinct dusky shade, which, however, is sometimes absent; occasionally the line is defined only by a somewhat dark terminal space. There is a very narrow terminal line. The clavi- form is evident and extends across the median space in the form of a black streak. The orbicular is large, oval, oblique, gray in color, defined by
_ black scales; and usually the space between the t. a. line and the orbicular
is dusky. The reriform is also large, gray, a little constricted centrally, black margined inwardly, but sometimes indefinite outwardly. Seconda- ries smoky, sometimes with a reddish tint, but without distinct markings.
_ Beneath pale smoky, the secondaries with a blackish discal spot more or
less marked. Expands 30-38 mm.; I.20-1.52 inches.
Hab.—Calgary, in April-—
Mr. Dod writes concerning this species that it is ‘‘ not rare at Sallows, end of April.’’ Five specimens from the basis of the above description, and in a general way the insect resembles /us- tralis in appearance. The antennz in the male have the joints marked and set at the sides with tufts of bristles. They would | thus be called somewhat serrated and bristle-tufted.
Mamestra ingravis n. sp. PI. xv, fig. 1o.—Ground color a rather deep
_ lilac gray, with hoary powderings and tippings to-the vestiture of the tho-
rax. The collar is marked with a more or less well defined, median black
‘band, below which an obvious reddish tinge prevails. The thorax has a
distinct divided anterior tuft, and a less defined posterior tuft resembling somewhat the tufting in purpurissata; the abdominal tufting is also dis- tinct. The primaries have all the markings obvious, and there is con- siderable contrast between the different parts of the wing. Ina general way the basal space is paler, with an obvious lilac tinge; the median space is darker, tending to blackish. Thes. t. space decidedly contrasting and has a more or less marked lilac suffusion, The terminal space is darker
Toe.
338 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December,
gray, but in some specimens has also a distinct bluish tinge. The basal line is geminate, the defining lines not well marked; the center gray until the submedian space is reached, when it becomes yellow and makes a sudden turn to the base, forming thus an obvious loop. The. a. line is also geminate, the included space of the ground color or a little paler, the preceding line only a little dusky and narrow; the following line black and evident. Asa whole the line is outcurved, forming three evident lunula-
tions. The t. p. line is marked chiefly by the difference in color between —
the median and s. t. spaces, but there is also a more or less obvious outer shade line, leaving a vague, included pale space. The line is even, as a whole moderately bent over the cell, and distinctly incurved below. The s. t. line is yellow, prominent, forming a feebly marked W on veins 3 and 4. It is preceded by a brown shade and by more or less obvious black sagittate marks before the W. The shade merges into the lilac suffusion of the wing. There is a series of black terminal lunules. The dark fringes are cut with pale on the veins. The claviform is a little paler than the ground color, variable in size, blackish and pale ringed, and with a darker or even black shade extending across the median space from it. The ordinary spots are distinct, of moderate size, of the pale ground color, internally ringed with pale or bluish, and with a narrow outer de- fining ring of black scales. The orbicular is oval and oblique. The reniform oblong and only a little drawn in outwardly; the secondaries are smoky, a little paler toward the base and with a more or less obvious discal lunule. Beneath the wings are purplish; the primaries smoky on the disc, both with an outer dark line and an evident discal spot. Ex- pands 32-35 mm.; 1.28-1.42 inches.
HTab.—Calgary, in May.
I have a male and female specimen from Mr. Dod, who writes concerning this species, “‘ not rare last May.’’ One specimen is marked ‘‘light.’? I have also a specimen which I believe to be
of this species taken by Mr. Bruce in Garfield County, Colorado,
at an elevation of 6000 feet and bearing his number, 739. It is, _
however, a somewhat faded and partially imperfect specimen, and I would scarcely like to say positively that it is the same species. Of the specimens sent by Mr. Dod, the female, the largest of all the specimens, is very bright and contrastingly colored. The male, which was sent in a paper unset, is defective, and the col- oring is not nearly so contrasting. There seems to be a little difference in the angulation of the s. t. line and the consequent distinctness of the ‘‘ W,’’ but no more, so I think, than is found in cristifera, to which this species is allied in wing form and a little in the general type of maculation.
Mamestra larissa n. sp. PI. xv, fig. 11.—The ground color is ashen gray”
with a tendency to a darker suffusion. The head and collar inferiorly,
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1895. | - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 339
are paler gray or ashen, a black line bounding pale part of the collar su- periorly. The scales of the thorax are pale tipped, the patagiz are black- ish margined; the tuftings are fairly well marked, but not at all prominent, and the abdominal tuftings are distinct, if not contrasting. On the prima- ries all the maculation is present, and there is no very strong contrast, though the median space is a little darker than the rest of the wing. The basal line is geminate, black and broken. The t. a. line is also geminate, its parts rather widely separated, the inner portion only a little darker, the outer blackish. The t. p. line is indefinite for the upper part of its course, but is vaguely geminate and outcurved over the reniform. Below the median vein the line is defined by an inner, curved black mark, which,
_with a little outward angle or vein, one reaches the inner margin. The
s. t. line is pale, fairly distinct, with two outward curves and a little inward tooth opposite the anal angle. The line is preceded by a little darker shading, which, in the submedian inter-space, becomes rather prominent and defined, and here also there is a dusky shade following the line. In other words, there is a dusky, broad streak, which is cut by the contrast- ingly pale line. Thes, t. space is darker on the costa, and is a little ir- regularly mottled. There is a narrow, black, terminal line, and the fringes are interlined with smoky and cut with pale opposite the veins; the ordi- Mary spots are distinct; the claviform is outlined in black and extends nearly across the median space; the orbicular is round or nearly so, black margined, with a bright yellowish annulus and a brown dotted center. The reniform is large, kidney-shaped, not well marked outwardly, but with a distinct black inner border or lunule. The secondaries are whitish in the male, smoky in the female, with a discal lunule faintly marked. Beneath, both wings are gray and powdery, a little smoky in the female, and there is a more or less obvious outer line. Expands 27-28 mm.; 1.08-1.12 inches.
ffTab.—Calgary, June 2d and 5th.
Mr. Dod sends me, under the number 48, one male and one female, and says that it is ‘‘rare at Treacle, June.’’ The female seems a trifle larger than the male, and is a little broader winged. It is also a little more sordid in appearance, and looks as if it were a little greasy. The male is a bright specimen, and reminds me at first sight of Lztholomia nape. The species belongs in the series with vicina, but differs from all the forms of that species represented in my collection by the absence of a black basal streak, though there is an indication of this in the new species where the basal line turns toward the root of the wing on the submedian vein. |
340 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [December,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 7 eee: 1.—Acronycta pyralis n. sp. 9.—Mamestra gussata n. ae am 2.—Noctua patefacta n. sp. _ af ingravis N. Sp. om 3.— ‘ | atricincta n. sp. I1.— “3 larissa Nn. sp. , 4.— ‘ substrigatan. sp. | 12.—Neuronia americana Smith. 5.—Carneades vulpina n. sp. 13. —Aylophasia contradicta n. sp.- 6. oe acornis N. sp. 14.— versula Nn. sp.
7— - recticincta n. sp. 15.—Homohadena stabilis n. Sp. 8.— ss servitus N. sp. 16.—Deva trabea n. sp.
17.—FPlusia smote n. Sp.
NOTE ON THE LARVA OF HARRISIMEMNA. By Harrison G, Dyar.
We have two recognizable figures and a general description of this larva (17. trisignata Walk.), but no exact account of the arrangement of its setee. Consequently Mr. Grote was recently in doubt as to whether it should be placed in the Apatelidz, a family defined on larval characters (Abhandl. des naturwissen- schaft. Vereins zu Bremen, xiv, 15). The larva occurs rarely on lilac and Hex, and I have before me a specimen obtained on the latter plant by Mr. Doll. The-sete are in the condition result- ing from a degeneration from a typical wart formation. In most exposed parts of the body the normal tubercles bear but a single seta, but tubercle vi béars many sete, and there is a crown of hairs around tubercle iv on joint 13. It will prove that the warts are much better developed in the younger stages, which I have
not seen. On the humped up and prominent portions of the ~ body (joints 5-7 and 12) the tubercles are produced and arise
from large corneous areas, i and ii being nearly in line and curi- ously approximated. In the middle region the tubercles are small. The hairs from the thorax are long and coarse, those from the anterior edge of the shield remain entangled in the cast case, and, as the shield remains attached to the head, the curious
string of cast heads results. The larva is one of the oddest of ©
the Apatelidze and would well repay a careful study of all? its stages to one having the opportunity. . EA aS SP
OBITUARY.
LapisLaus Duna, Professor at the Gymnasium of Prag, died at§that place in August last. He was well known by his researches on the hem- ipterous fauna of Bohemia.
JULES FERDINAND FALLow died in Paris on June 19th, aged 83 years.
(eS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws-for November, was mailed October 31, 1895.
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Ent. News, Vol. VI.
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