ffl . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OK THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATUKAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. VOLUME XXV, 1914. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M. D., Sc. D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE : EZRA T. CRESSON J- A. G. REHN. PHIL:P LAURENT H. w. WKNZF.L. PHILADELPHIA : ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1914. The several numbers of the NEWS for 1913 were mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office as follows : No. 1 — January January 2, 1914. " 2 — February January 31 " 3— March February 28 " 4— April March 31 " 5— May April 30 6 — June June 1 " 7— July June 30 " 8— October September 30 " 9— November October 31 The date of mailing the December, 1914, number will be announced in the issue for January, 1915. PRESS OF P. C. STOCKHAUSEN PHILADELPHIA INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. (* Indicates new genera, species or varieties.) ALDRICH, J. M. Bibliography of Diptera 104 ALEXANDER, C. P. The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hun- garian National Museum III-IV 205, 351 ALLARD, H. A. Locust Stridulations 463 BANKS, N. Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica. 149 Two new Species of Psychoda 127 BARNES, W. & J. McDuNNOUGH. A Note on Arg\nnis lanrenti 324 BERRY, L. (See ROWLEY, R. R.) BETHUNE-BAKER, G. T. Monograph of the Chrysoph- anids 299 BLAISDELL, F. E. Minutes of the Pacific Coast Entomo- logical Society. (See under General Subjects.) BOWDITCH, F. C. Corrections in Phytophaga 284 BRAUN, A. F. Notes on No. American Tineina, with de- scriptions of New Species 113 BRUES, C. T. The Bethylid genus Mesitius in So. America. 119 BURGESS, A. F. & H. T. FERNALD. Annual Meeting, Ameri- can Association of Economic Entomologists 470 CALVERT, P. P. Aids to Scientific work 372 The Annual Entomological meetings 467 The first quarter century of the NEWS 467 Editorials. (See under General Subjects.) The influence of insects on civilization 74 Local arrangements for the Annual Meetings 470 Notes on a Gomphine exuvia from \Yilliams' Lake, Mala- gorda Co., Texas 454 Obituary: E. Olivier, E. A. Popenoe and A. G. Hammar.-^n Obituary : Charles S. Welles [92 Prevention of insect-borne diseases in the Army in Mexico -'^3 Review: Adam's Guide to the Study of Animal Ecology Review: Braun's Evolution of the Color I'atk-ni in the Microlepidopterous < '.onus Lithocolletis -'31 > iv INDEX. Review : Picado's Les Bromeliacees fipiphytes Con- siderees comrae Milieu Biologique 87 Review : Shelford's Animal Communities in Temperate America 82 Review: Williston's Water Reptiles of the Past and Present 477 Side lights on Entomology 229 Studies on Costa Rican Odonata 337 The Waterfall-Dwellers : Thauniatoncnra images and possible male dimorphism 337 (See also MacGillivray & Calvert.) CAMPBELL, R. E. A new Coccid infesting Citrus trees in California 222 CHAMBERLIN, R. V. Notes on Chilopods from the East Indies 385 CHRYSLER, M. A. Side lights on Entomology 229 CLAGGET, G. A spider swathing mice 230 CLEMENCE, V. L. A new Lycaena from Arizona 28 COCKERELL, T. D. A. A mite gall on Clementsia 466 A new Coccid from Arizona no A new wasp from Colorado 32 Sclrinia gloriosa 38 Suggestions for the Bibliographical Dictionary of Ento- mologists 325 COCKERELL, W. P. An adventure while collecting bees in Guatemala 217 CRAMPTON, G. C. Notes on the thoracic sclerites of wing- ed insects 15 CRAWFORD, D. L. A recently described Psyllid from East Africa 62 CRESSON, E. T., JR. "Daddy-long-legs?" 38 Do house flies hibernate ? 231 Descriptions of new genera and species of the Dipterous family Ephydridae 24 1 Descriptions of new No. American Acalyptrate Diptera.457 The male of Syringogaster bntnnca from Peru 26 More nomenclatorial notes on Trypetidac 323 INDEX. v Review : Wytsman's Genera Insectorum 236 Some nomenclatorial notes on the Dipterous family Try- petidae 275 CRESSON, E. T., JR., and J. A. G. REHN. Entomological Literature. (See under General Subjects.) CROSBY, C. R. The identity of two insects, each described by Ashmead as Megastigmus flaripes 27 DODD, A. P. A new genus of Platygasteridae from Aus- tralia 416 A new Proctotrypoid genus from Australia 126 A new Platygasterid genus with remarkable antennae. .455 A new Proctotrypoid egg-parasite from the West Indies. 350 New Proctotrypoidea from Australia 251 DUSHAM, E. H. A method of injecting the tracheae of in- sects 468 ELLIS, M. D. New American bees of the genus Halic- tlt* 97, I51 EMERTON, J. H. Recent collections of spiders in New- foundland and Labrador 117 EVERMANN, B. W. A note on the abundance of the thistle butterfly, Pyrameis cardui 415 EVER, J. R. & C. H. MENKE. Adelocephala bisecta 151. FELT, E. P. Review : Kieffer's Cecidomyiidae in the Gen- era Tnsectorum . iS; *. ' FERNALD, H. T. Parasites of the San Jose Scale 3<; (See also Burgess & Fernald.) FRANZEN, J. W. Minnesota butterflies 363 GILLETTE, C. P. Two Colorado plant lice _>< >< i GIRAULT, A. A. Fragments on North American in- sects 180, 268, 2X3 Length of the pupal stage of Adalia bipnnctatci 155 A Locustid laying eggs 3 j i Naphthalene and fleas 130 A new Chalcidid genus and species of Hymenoptcra from Australia 30 A new genus of Chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the family Cleonymidae from Australia 396 A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia 2^ vi INDEX. A new species of the remarkable Hymenopterous genus Smicromorpha with correction of the generic descrip- tion 461 Overwintered cocoons surviving forest fire 148 Standards of the number of eggs laid by insects {Peri- planet a australasiae) 296 Standards of the number of eggs laid by spiders III ... 66 Supposed diseased eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemerae- jormls and records of parasites 167 The twentieth Australian species of Elasmus 32 CODING, F. W. Catalogue of the Membracidae of Uru- guay 397 GREENE, G. M. Minutes of the Feldman Collecting So- cial. (See under General Subjects.) GRINNELL, F., JR. An individual variation of Lorquin's Admiral, Limenitis lorqninii 462 Obituary : J. J. Rivers 143 HANCOCK, J. L. Some corrections in names of So. Ameri- can Tetriginae 328 HASKIN, J. R. Butterfly collecting in Mojave Co., Arizona. 300 HEBARD, M. (See J. A. G. REHN.) HUGUENIN, J. C. Notes on Calligrapha sigmoidea 419 Observations on an insectivorous larva 327 HUNGERFORD, H. B. (See F. X. WILLIAMS.) JOHNSON, C. W. Notes on inadequate locality labels .... 123 KELLOGG, V. L. & S. NAKAYAMA. Mallophaga of the Viz- cacha 193 LEHR, W. Critical Remarks on Seitz' Macrolepidoptera of the World 138 LEUSSLER, R. A. An improved method of caring for speci- mens of butterflies on extended collecting trips 202 LOVELL, J. H. The origin of Oligotropism 314 Why do honey bees discriminate against black? 407 McDuNNOUGH, J. (See BARNES, W.) MACGILLIVRAY, A. D. & P. P. CALVERT. Annual Meeting, Entomological Society of America 469 MAIDL, F. & HANDLIRSCH, A. Third International Con- gress of Entomology 420 INDEX. vii MALLOCII, J. R. A new Borborid from Panama 31 New American Diptera 172 Notes on North American Agromyzidae 308 MARLATT, C. L. The alligator pear-weevil — a correction .. 37 MENKE, C. H. (See EVER, J. R.) MUTTKOWSKI, R. A. Obituary: G. W. Peckham 148 NAKAHARA, W. A new Dilar species from Japan 297 NAKAYAMA, S. (See V. L. KELLOGG.) REHN, J. A. G. & M. HEBARD. On the Blatta aci/vptiaca of Drury I2r On the genus Phoetalia of authors 216 A new species of true katydid from Western Texas . . .292 ROBERTSON, C. A new Melissodes 373 Origin of Oligotropy of bees (>7 ROHWER, S. A. The Nearctic species of the Hymenop- terous genus Synipha 168 ROWLEY, R. R. & BERRY, L. 1913 as a Catocala year. . . .157 SCHMALTZ, R. Mantis rcligiosa in Rochester, New York, in 1913 178 SCHROERS, P. A. Preliminary list of Heterocera captured in and around St. Louis, Mo 59 SIMMS, H. M. Huptoieta claudia at Montreal 109 An aberration of Pyrameis huntera 33 SKINNER, H. Ambuly.r strigilis in Florida 229 Callosamia Promethea and angulifera 468 Colias eurytheme and its varieties 325 Minutes of the American Entomological Society. (See under General Subjects.) Minutes of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. (See under Gen- eral Subjects.) A note on Argymris lanrcnti 324 Notes on Lycaena .rcrces, antiacis, polyp/taints 326 Obituary : Dr. J. Rrackenridge Clemens _>8< i Obituary : H. H. Lyman 335 On writing history i J< i Parasites of the San Jose Scale 31) Review : Legros's Fabre, Poet of Science 81 viii INDEX. Review: Oberthur's £tudes Lepidopterologie Coin- paree 47, 379 Review : Patton & Cragg's Text-book of Medical Ento- mology 333 Review : Pierce's The Genitalia of the Geometridae of the British Islands 476 Sanitation in Vera Cruz, Mexico 417 (See also E. M. Swainson.) SWAINSON, E. M. & H. SKINNER. The larva of Papilio homeriis 348 DE LA TORRE BUENO, J. R. The collection of the late G. W. Kirkaldy 418 British Guiana Heteroptera 257 European Heteroptera alleged to occur in the U. S. . . .230 TOWNSEND, C. H. T. Human case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum 40 Sequelae of human verruga case traceable to Phleboto- mus verrucarum 131 Species limits in the genus Lucilia in The species-status and the species-concept 9 VAN DUZEE, M. C. New species of North American Do- lichopodidae 404, 433 VESTAL, A. G. Notes on habitats of grasshoppers at Doug- las Lake, Mich 105 WEISS, H. B. Insects found on Nursery stock imported into New Jersey during 1913 392 Some facts about the egg nest of Paratenodera sinensis.2^ WILLIAMS, F. X. & H. B. HUNGERFORD. Notes on Coleop- tera from Western Kansas I WILLIAMS, R. C. One hundred butterflies from the Jamez Mountains, New Mexico 263 WILLIAMSON, E. B. Dragonflies collected in Texas and Oklahoma 411, 444 Gomphus pallid us and two new related species 49 September dragonflies about Mesa, Arizona 225 Sympetrum obtrusum and costiferum in Maine 456 WILSON, H. F. A new sugar cane aphis 298 ZIMMER, J. T. Cimc.v pipistrclli in North America 418 INDEX. IX GENERAL SUBJECTS. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (see Ento- mological Section). Aids to Scientific Work 372 American Association for the Advancement of Science and Affiliated Societies, Papers presented at the Atlanta Meeting 92 American Entomological So- ciety, Minutes 188, 427 Bibliographical Dictionary of Entomologists 227, 325 Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh, Entom. Additions to 460 Comstock Memorial Library Fund 321 Convocation Week Meetings 92 Discrimination against black 407 Disease in the Army in Mexi- co, Prevention of Insect- borne 283 Economic Entomologists, An- nual Meeting, American Association of 470 Editorials, 34, 74, 129, 179, 227, 283, 322, 372, 417, 467. Entomological Society of America, Annual Meet- ing 469, 4/0 Entomological Meetings, 467, 469, 470. Entomological Section of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 141, 477 Entomologist's Monthly Mag- azine, Jubilee 325 Errata 480 Ethics of publication 179 Eye-size and habits 479 Fabre, Proposed Monument to 321 Eeldman Collecting Social, 88, 237, 334, 429. France, Entomological Society of ........................ 240 Guatemala, Adventure in .... 217 Hagen, Scattered Writings of Dr. H. A ................. 262 Honorary Fellows of the London Society .......... 120 Influence of insects on civili- zation .................... 74 Injecting the tracheae of in- sects ..................... 468 Insect-borne Diseases in the Army in Mexico, Preven- tion of ................... 283 Insects affecting mammals, 193,418 Insects found on Nursery Stock imported into New Jersey during 1913 ....... 392 International Congress of En- tomology, Third .......... 420 Literature, Entomological, 41, 75, 134, 1 80, 231, 284, 329, 373, 421, 472. Locality labels, Inadequate .. 123 Mammals and Insects ...193, 418 Napthaline and Fleas ........ 130 Number of eggs laid by in- sects ...................... 296 Oligotropism, Origin of... 67, 314 Pacific Coast Entomological Society ................... 380 Photographs received ....... 37 Quarter Century of the NEWS 407 Sanitation in V e r a C r u z, Mexico ................... 417 Side lights on Entomology .. jjij Species-status and Species- concept ................... 9 Summer work on Lake Erie 231 Theses on Entomology i n American Universities in- Thoracic sclerites of winged insects (pi. Ill) .......... 15 INDEX. Verruga traceable to Phle- botomus 40, 131 What is a Species 322 Zoological Nomenclature, In- ternational Commission on 371 OBITUARY NOTICES. Chun> C 335 Clemens, J. B. (illus.) 289 Desbrochers des Loges, J. . . . 48 Fuchs, C 384 Gill, T. N 432 Grossbeck, J. A 288 Hammar, A. G 240 Huber, J 288 Lyman, H. H 335 Moeser, F. E 335 Olivier, E 240 Pagenstecher, A 144 Peckham, G. W. (illus.) .. .96, 145 Popenoe, E. A 240 Reuter, O. M 48 Rivers, J. J I43 Saunders, W 4go Welles, C S ',',', IQ2 PERSONALS. Barber, H. S 292 Comstock, J. H 321 Cresson, E. T igO, 201 Cresson, G. B 201 Dolley, W. L "'.'.', 4ig Essig, E. 0 349 Fracker, S. B 4:9 Glaser, R. W 419 Handlirsch, A 371 Melander, A. L 419 Patten, B. M 419 Quayle, H. J 292 Reuter, O. M 65 Schulze, G 371 Semenoff Tian-Shanski, A. P. 120 Skinner, H no Smith, L. W 419 Smith, R. G 419 Townsend, C. H. T 349 Wallace, A. R 34, 65 Wenzel, H. W 29 PLANTS ATTACKED OR VISITED. Plants affected by Insects ...392 Acacia 399 Alligator pear 37 Asplenium 311 Aster 104, 117 Bidens 319 Bigelovia 301, 307, 320 Boltonia 69 Camptosorus 311 Cassia 73 Chimarrhis 349 Clementsia 466 Cleome 3*9 Cnicus 69 Coffee-tree (see Gymnocladus) Coreopsis 69 Croton 158 Dandelion (see Taraxacum) Datura 152 Dirca 115 Elymus 115 Erigeron 117 Eryngium 402 Fern (see Camptosorus, Asplen- ium) Ficus 64 Fig (see Ficus) Frasera 99 Gall-berry (see Ilex) Glcditlschia 1 56 Gutierrezia 320 Gymnocladus 156 Hclianthus 69, 153, 319 Heracleum 99 Hibiscus 71, 349 Hickory 430 Honey locust (see Gleditschia). INDEX. XI Ilex 315 Ipomoea 73 Lcpidospartum 3°6 Mahoe (see Hibiscus). Monarda 319 Moosewood (see Dirca). Nuttallia 153 Oak (see Quercus). Oenothera 72 Orpine (see Clemcntsia). Pansy 365 Pctalostenwn 73 Plum 151 Polemonium 99 Populus 269 Prosopis 319 Pulsatilla 98 Quercus 1 16 Saccharum 298 Salix 73, 319 Smila.v 114 Solidago |99, 319 Sophia 104 Strophostyles 73 Syringium 400 Taraxacum 313 Verbena 72 Verbesina 319 Veratrum 99 Veronia 69 } 'iborquia no Virginia creeper 104 Wild rye (see Elyinus). Willow (see Salix). REVIEWS. Adams : Guide to the 'Study of Animal Ecology 82 Braun : Evolution of the Col- or Pattern in tne Micro- lepidopterous Genus Litho- colletis 236 Keiffer : Genera Insectorum, Cecidomyiidae 185 Legros : Fabrc, Pud of Sci- ence 81 Oberthiir : Etudes Lepidop- terologie Comparee 47, 379 Patton & Cragg: A Textbook of Medical Entomology... 333 Picado : Les Bromeliacees Epiphytes Considerees comme Milieu Biologique. 87 Pierce: The Genitalia of the Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands 476 Seitz : Macrolepidoptera of the World 138 Shelford : Animal Communi- ties in Temperate America 82 Williston : Water Reptiles of the Past and Present 477 Wytsman : Genera Insectorum 236 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI- BUTION. Arizona: Col., 432; Hem., no; Hym., 103; Lep., 28, 300; Odon., 225. California: Col., 381, 382, 383; 384; Dipt., 383, 457, 458; Hem., 222; Hym., 154, 382; Lep., 327, 380, 381, 415, 419, 462. Canada: Dipt., 440; Lep., 33, 109. Colorado: Arac., 466; Hem., 269; Hym., 32, 97, 171. Connecticut : Dipt., 239. Delaware: Col 432 District of Columbia: Hym., 172. Florida: Dipt., 439; Lep., 229, 477; Odon., 53, 454; Orth., 189, 191. Georgia : Dipt., 405, 436, 460 ; Odon., 53. Illinois: Dipt., 310, 459; Odon., 54- Indiana: Odon 53 Kansas : Col. i Xll INDEX. Kentucky: Lep., no: Odon.. 54 Labrador: Arac 117 Louisiana : Hem 53. 208 Elaine : Odon 456 Man-land: Col.. 268. 382: Dipt. I2> - - Hym.. 283: Lep.. 180. 283: Xeu.. 268. Massachusetts : Odon 54 Michigan : Orth 105 Minnesota : Lep Missouri: Lep.. 59: Odon... 54 Montana: Lep 477 Nebraska : Hem 418 Newfoundland: Arac 117 Xew Jersey: Col.. Sg. 91. 237. 334 430. 432: Dipt., go. 174. 430. 441. 442. 443: Odon.. 238. Xew Mexico: Col.. 238: Dipt.. 173; Hym.. 104. 151: Lep.. 263. Xew York: Dipt.. 128. 311, 434. 435- 437: Orth.. 178. 238. Ohio: Lep 114 North Carolina : Dipt 404 Oklahoma: Odon. ...54. 411. 444 Oregon : Hym 170 Pennsylvania : Col.. 89. 90, 237. 238, 334- 335- 430. 43i- 43-': Dipt., 88. 90. 141. 175. 238. 309. 427. 429. 430, 431: Hym.. 432; Lep., 90, 91. 431. 468: Odon.. 52. 141. Tennessee : Odon 54. 453 Texas: Col.. 335: Hym.. 169; Odon.. 54. 411. 444; Orth., 293. Virginia : Col.. 89; Dipt.. 405, 438; Hym.. 89: Orth., 463. Washington : Hym 170 Wyoming : Dipt 458 Africa : Xeu 62 Australia : Hym.. 25, 30. 32, 126. 251. 396. 416. 455- 461: Orth., 296. Central America: Col.. 141. 478; Dipt.. 31. 244; Hym.. 102; Lep., 480: Xeu.. 149: Odon.. 348. 428. 478. 479- East Indies : Arac 385 Jamaica: Hym.. 100: Lep... 34^ Japan : Xeu 297 Porto Rico : Hym 155. 350 South America: Dipt.. 40. 205. 243. 351; Hem.. 257. 307: Hym.. 1 19: Mall.. 196. ARACHNIDA. Eggs laid by spiders 66 .vM/ijfMJ. i'loborsus 66 Mite gall on Clememsia .... 400 rhodiolac, Eriopliycs 400 Spider swathing mice 230 Spiders, Standards of the number of eggs laid by . . 66 Swathing of mice by a spider 231- COLEOPTERA. Adalia (see bipunctata). Alligator pear weevil ( see Hci!if>us lauri). A niblychila cylii'.driformis. Larval burrows and Feed- ing habits (illus.") 4. 5 Antenna-cleaners 141. 142 apicalis, Asphacra 284 Asphacra (see apicalis. iiiar- ginatii. variabilis) . bipunctata, Adalia 155 .'.'icrus, Chilscsrus - x Callitiraplia (see siiiiiundcd}. Chiloconis (see bi:'iilncrns). cylindriformis, AmblychUa .. 2 Dendroctonus (see i)iontict~>- lae). Forest insect depredations in the Hetch Hetchy watershed of the Yosemite Xational Park 132 gigantea, Hornia (illus.) .... i HeilipHS (see lauri). Hornia (see gigantea). INDEX. xin Horns of Scarabaeidae, Func- tions of .................. 478 lauri, Heilipus .............. 37 marginata, Asphacra ........ 284 monticolae, Dcndroctonus . . 133 Xeplirica (see marginata ( As- Pachytcles (see scriatoporus t . Phytophaga. Corrections in .. 284 Post pupal development in Chilocorus biz'ulnerus ...... 268 Pupal stage of Adalia bi- puuctata .................. 155 scriatoporus, Pachyteles .... 141 siginoidea, Calligrapha ...... 419 variabilis, Asphaera ......... 284 DIPTERA. abnormis*, Lectcria (illus)... 211 abortive*, Tipula ............ 358 Acalyptrate D., Xew Xorth American ............. 241. 4-7 Agromyza (setborealis, dubit- ata, fclti, flaronigra, fumi- costa, longispinosa, margin- alis, melampyya. plcuralis, quadrisetosa, xanthophora, young*)- Agromyzidae, Notes on Xo. American ................ 308 am-acomca, Microtipula ...... 362 ambiyuus*, Planinasus (illus.) 246 amcricanus, Systcnus ....404, 443 anyulatiis* , Paraclius (illus.) 436, 443 annulipcs, Erioptera ......... 205 Aphiochaeta (see submani- cata). uptcrnyync, Tipula .......... 358 aniiillaris, Lectcria .......... 21 1 Asyndetus (see harbcckii\. aterriwa*, Psychoda ......... 128 iiutumnalis*, Psychoda ...... 127 basalis*, Philygria (illus.) ...246 Bibliography of D 104 bispinosa*, Pseudostenophora. 173 borcalis. Aqromyza 311 brnnnea, Syringogaster (il- lus.) 26 Calobata (see nas< cah'erti*. Philygria <'illu«. i . 247 cainpa*. Tipula (illi:-. > carbona*, Tetauops Carphotricha 323 Ccromctopiim* (see mosilloi- des'). chrysoptera, Erioccra (illus. j . 214 Coelopa (see vanduzc conspcrsa, Limnophila 213 consularis, Pachyrrhina cordillerensis, Epiphragma ... 213 crcssoni*, Hydrotaca 172 Culicid pupa out of water . . . 268 curinao*, Tipula (illus/) 360 Diptera at high altitudes .... 295 Ditrieha 323 divaricata*, Taeniaptera 459 Dolichopodidae. Xew species of 404. 433 dursalis*, Xcurigona (illi: 434- 443 dubitata, Agromyza 313 emarginatus*, Medctcrus (il- lus..) 439- 443 Ephydridae. Xew genera and species of 241 Epiphragma (see cordillerensis). Erioccra (see chrysoptera, ohausiana, perdecora, sub- lima). Erii>ptcra (see annulipcs). fclti*, Agromyza 310 flaz-iciliatus*, Gymnoptcrnns 4"4- 443 flaridus*, Molnphihis (illu- flaripes*, Pcloropcodes (illu-.t 437- 443 XIV INDEX. fiavonigra, Agromysa 311 Fleas, Napthalene and 130 Forellia 323 frontalis*, Thinophilus . . 406, 443 fumicosta*, Agromysa 310 Castro [>s (see willistoni). giraulti, Lucilia 1 12 gladiator*, Tipula (illus.) .. 356 glabra, Mallochiclla 309 Gnophomyia (see luctuosa, maestitia, pervicax). granulosus*, Lytogastcr 249 guarani*, Tipula 357 guatemalensis, Molophilus (il- lus.) 207 Gymnopternus (see flavicilia- tus). haltcralis, Mallochiella 309 harbeckii*, Asyndctus (illus.) 442, 443 Hibernation of house flies . . 231 Holorusla (see fiavicornis, laevis, orophila, peruviana). Hoplogaster 323 House flies hibernate? Do... 231 Hungarian National Museum, Neotropical Tipulidae in the 205, 35i Hydrotaea (see crcssoni). illudens*, Rhabdomastix (il- lus.) 210 in fuse at a, Lucilia 112 kerteszi* Limnophila (illus.) . 212 laevis*, Holorusia (illus.) 353 Lecteria (see abnonnis, armil- laris). Leptocera (see subpiligera). Leucostola (see terminalis). Limnophila (see conspcrsa, kertcszi). Limosina (see also Leptocera). lobatus*, Medeterus (illus.) 441, 443 longispinosa, Agromyza 310 2°8 128 Lucilia (see giraulti, infus- cata, morrilli, terraenovac). luctuosa, Gnophomyia ....... 207 Lytogaster (see granulosus, pallipcs'). ^lacromasti.r (see pygmaca). maestitia*, Gnophomyia (il- lus.) ........ • Malaria investigations, Tech- nical assistant in ........ Mallochiella (see glabra, hal- teralis). marginalis, Agromysa mclam- pyga ...................... Medeterus (see emarginiitus, lobatus, inodcstus) . melampyga, Agromyza ...... 31 1 Mcsocyphona (see also Eri- optcra). Microtipula (see amazonica). modestus*, Medeterus ...440, 443 Molophilus (see flavidus, gua- temalensis, Sagittarius, tau- rus). morrilli, Lucilia ............ II2 mosilloides*, Ccromctopum (illus.) ........ 242 nasoni*, Calobata ........... 459 nemorosa*, Psilephydra (il- lus.) ........... '244 Neotropical Tipulidae . . - . 35i Ncurigona (see dorsalis, ni- gric amis') . New American D ............ 172 nigricornis*, Ncurigona (il- lus.) ................. 433, 443 Nomenclatorial notes on Tip- ulidae ................ 275, 323 obliquc-fasciata, Tipula ...... 35§ occulta*, Sigmatomcra (il- lus.) .................. 209 ohausiana, Erioccra ......... 215 Oplochacta .................. 323 orophila*, Ilolorusia ........ 354 INDEX. xv ovatus*, Paraclius (illus.) 436, 443 Pachyrrhina (see consularis) . pacifica*, Sepedon 457 pallipes*, Lytogaster 248 pallipcs*, Sphaerocera 31 Paracantha 277, 323 Paraclius (see angulatus, ova- tus). Paraspinophora (see pennsyl- vanica), Peloropeodes (see flazipcs). Pennsylvania*, Paraspino- phora 175 perdccora*, Eriocera (illus.) 213 peruviana*, Holorusia 355 pervicax*, Gnophomyia (il- lus.) 208 Philygria (see basalis, calvcr- ti). Phlebotomus (see verrucar- um). Phorellia 323 piro*, Tipula (illus.) 360 Planinasus* (see ambiguus). pleuralis*, Agromyza 311 Pseudostcnophora (see bispin- osa) . Psilcphydra (see ncmorosa). Psilopiclla* (see rutila). Psychoda (see atcrrima, au- tumnalis) . pygmaea*, Macromastix. (il- tos-) 351 quadrisctosa, Agromyza 310 Rhabdomastix (see illudcns). rutila*, Psilopiella (illus.) 439, 443 Sagittarius*, Molophilus (il- lus.) 207 Sepedon (see pacifica). Sigmatomcra (see occulta). Species limits in the genus Lucilia ,in Sphaerocera (see pallipcs). Spilographa 323 sublima*, Eriocera (illus.) .. 214 submanicata*, Aphiochaeta . . 175 subpiligcra*, Leptoccra 176 Syringogaster (see brunnea). Systenus (see americanus) . Taeniaptera (see divaricata). taurus*, Molophilus (illus.) . . 206 Tcphritis 277 tcrminalis*, Leucostola . .405, 443 tcrraenovae, Lucilia 112 Tetanops (see carbona). Thinophilus (see frontalis) . Tipula (see abortiva, apter- ogync, campa, curinao, glad- iator, guarani, oblique-fas- ciata, piro). Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Museum ....205, 351 Trupanca 278 Trypeta 276 Trypetidae, Some nomencla- torial notes on 275, 323 vanduzeei*, Co do pa 457 verrucarum, Phlebotomus 40, 131 willistoni*, Gastrops 250 xanthophora, Agromyza 310 youngi*, Agromyza 312 HEMIPTERA. acaciac, Pyranthc 401 Acutalis (see variabilis). acutula, Cryptoptcra 401 Aphis (see bituberculata) . arcchai'aleta*, Phormophora. 400 Argantc (see incumbcns, trcmolaris). Asiphum (see pseudobyrsa). bituberculata*, Aphis (illus). 298 brunnicornis, Ccrcsa 399 cavicornis, Ceresa 399 Ccrcsa (see brunnicornis, cavi- cornis, paupcrata, urupies, 20 cents ; each plate of line cuts, twenty five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers of coi vill be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE NEWS For 1914 are now due. ^Beginning with the number for January, 1914, the News will be mailed only to those who who have paid their subscriptions for 1914. Send all subscriptions to ENTOMOLOGICAL STEM'S Academy of S^atural Sciences Logan Square, Philadelphia, FAUNA HAWAIENSIS-ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH ISLES. Reviewed in November Entomological News. Very few complete sets left. 3 volumes complete, published about f 100, for $30. Parcels postage paid. J. HENRY WATSON, 70 Ashford Road, Wellington, Manchester, Eng. FLORIDA INSECTS of all Orders Also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells and Marine Invertebrates Sold by A. G. REYNOLDS, Gulfport, Florida. * ** ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate I. 10 11 COLEOPTERA FROM KANSAS-WILLIAMS AND HUNGERFORD. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. JANUARY, 1914. No. i. CONTENTS: Williams and Hungerford— Notes on Coleoptera from Western Kansas.. i Townsend — The Species-status and the Species-concept 9 Crampton — Notes on the Thoracic Scle- rites of Winged Insects 15 Girault — A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia ( Hym., Chal- cidoidea ) 25 Cresson — The Male of Syringogaster brunnea Cresson, from Peru ( Dipt.) 26 Crosby — The Identity of Two Insects, each Described by Ashmead as Me- gastigmus flavipes ( Hym. ) 27 Clemence — A new Lycaena from Arizona ( Lep. ) 28 Wenzel — Change of address 29 Girault — A new Chalcidid Genus and Species of Hymenoptera from Aus- tralia '. 30 Malloch— A new Borborid (Diptera) from Panama 31 Girault— The Twentieth Australian Spe- cies of Elasmus (Hym., Chalcidoi- dea ) 32 Cockerell— A new Wasp from Colorado (Hym.) 32 Simms — An Aberration of Pyrameis huntera (Lep.) 33 Editorial— Alfred Russel Wallace) 34 Marlatt— The Alligator Pear Weevil (Col ). — A correction 37 Acknowledgment of Photographs Re- ceived 37 E. T. C., Jr.— "Daddy-long-legs"? 38 Cockerell — Schinia gloriosa Strecker ( Lep ) 38 Fernald — Parasites of the San Jose Scale (Hym.) 39 Townsend — Human Case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus yerrucarum ( Dipt. ) 40 Notice to Authors 41 Entomological Literature 41 Review of Oberthur's Etudes Lepidop- terologie Comparee 47 Obituary— Jules Desbrochers des Loges 48 Obituary— Odo Morannal Reuter 48 Notes on Coleoptera from Western Kansas. By F. X. WILLIAMS, Bussey Institution, Harvard University, and H. B. HUNGERFORD, Kansas University. (Plates I and II.) FAM. MELOIDAE. Hornia gigantea Wellman, Ent. News — Vol. XXII, page 15, 1911. The above named and recently described species of Meloid beetle* was taken in the egg, triungulin, pupal and adult stages from the cells of the cliff-bee, Anthophora occidentalis, the habits of which are discussed in a previous paper (Ent. News, XXIII, June 1912). This beetle was first taken from a colony of bees in Gove County. The colony was located in the sides and roof of a water-made cave. It had once been a large one, but this parasite had nearly depleted it. *Contrary to Dr. Wellman's statement, this beetle has the claws armed with a distinct basal spine (Fig. 10, PI. II). Whether this character would throw it out of the genus Hornia, is not a matter for us to decide. 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 At the date they were taken (June 20, 1910,) the beetles were just coming to maturity. Some were in the pupa stage but most were adults, still in the Anthophora cells. On the scopa of some of these bees taken in Gove County, were found triungulins, possibly of this species, eight being taken on the leg of one bee. (See PI. I, Fig. 7). They were found associated with this bee also in Greeley, Sheridan, Rush and Logan Counties. In Rush County, June 25, 1912, Mr. Isely, one of the En- tomological Survey party, in digging out Anthophora nests, discovered a number of eggs, recently hatched triungulins and an adult female, in the cells of one colony. (See PI. I, Figs, i and 2). Some of these triungulins succeed in attaching themselves to bees and are thus often transported to new cells, where the life history may be completed by feeding upon the stores of this bee. The life-history is, no doubt, much the same as that of the related Sitaris humeralis of Europe, which has been studied by Fabre. ClCINDELIDAE. Amblychila cylindriformis Say. According to the summer's observations of 1910, A. cylindri- formis adults were rare in western Kansas. They were found in three counties : Gove, Wallace and Greeley. In the succeed- ing summer's survey to southwestern Kansas, they occurred in Grant, Morton, Meade and Stanton Counties. On June 17, one adult was taken at 5 P. M. under a strip of canvas that lay on the ground by a tree. The beetle attempted to escape into a hole beneath the roots of the tree. No more adults were seen (though search was often made for them), until Wallace County was reached. Here, after a day of fruit- less search in holes of all kinds in the clay banks of the Smoky Hill river, where Amblychila larvae were said to be found, a small clay break near the top of a hill 300 yards from the river yielded the object of the hunt. This locality was visited at 5 P. M. and two Amblychila found crawling about over the ground. One was taken near a hole one-half inch in diameter, and the other near an old badger hole. Both tried to escape Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 and moved quite rapidly. The sky was darkened by threatening weather, and this may account for their early appearance. At subsequent times they were taken between the hours of 6.30 and 7.30 P. M., save one which was dug from a badger hole in the day time by one of the party. Other adults taken and not mentioned above were found along a cliff-like bank of the White Woman Creek, in Greeley County. While the adults were taken along the clay banks and breaks, the elytra were commonly found on the plains some distance from any banks. The adult begins to search for food at sunset. One was taken Aug. 17, 1910, and lived in captivity until Aug., 1911. Careful notes were made on this insect's habits. It was kept in an iron bucket in the Entomological Department Rooms. It was first placed in an earthen crock, in which had been poured a few inches of sand, but it was three weeks before it exca- vated a burrow. This was on Oct. ist. It closed its burrow to come out a week later, probably owing to the dry condition of the soil. The latter being watered, the beetle drank eagerly, its open jaws being pressed against the earth. It then buried itself again. If the ground was allowed to remain dry for any length of time, Amblychila would eventually be found at the surface. On such occasions it drank and ate normally and even eagerly, but at times went without taking food for a long while. Upon being placed outside the window on a cold day in win- ter, the beetle became torpid but soon became active when brought into the warm room. Concerning its feeding habits ; it seems apparent that owing to its poor sight and lack of agility, it sometimes endures prolonged fasts. It seems to rely more for guidance upon its antennae than upon its eyes. When fed from a pair of forceps it would usually take the insect in a gingerly, hesitating manner, at other times made a frantic effort to locate and secure an in- sect which had escaped its powerful jaws. Several wasps of the genera Polistes and Pelopoeus were offered it. It did not appreciate such morsels, however, and usually avoided them. When hard pressed by an undesirable insect (held with a pair 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 of forceps) it would turn on its back and fight furiously. A pentatomid bug which it once seized in its jaws caused the beetle considerable inconvenience, inasmuch as for a long time thereafter it attempted to rid itself of the evil odor of the bug, and remained with its mandibles deeply inserted in the soil. A stone being placed on its domain it made a hole beneath it and came to sally forth with some confidence when aroused. LOCATION OF LARVAL BURROWS OF A. CYLINDRIFORMIS Say. The larvae of this species greatly resemble in structure and general habits other larval forms of the family Cicindelidae. Their burrows were found widely distributed in western Kan- sas, and were rather numerous in Wallace, Wichita and Mor- ton Counties. They usually occurred in colonies of from two to eleven, the individual burrows being close together, often not more than one and one-half inches apart. Usually a colony can be cir- cumscribed by a ten inch radius. We found .in general two sizes of burrows, one small and containing larvae not over one-half inch long, and the other containing larvae about two inches long. One small burrow which we excavated was about four inches deep and had a diameter of one-sixteenth of an inch. The larger ones were a little less than one-half inch in diameter and about thirty inches deep. The rim was slightly elevated above the surface or sur- rounding level, and the entrance perfectly circular. The bur- rows have quite a characteristic way of going nearly straight down for about eighteen inches and then, turning to an angle of forty-five degrees downward, proceed about eighteen inches farther. This lower portion has a tendency to be feebly spiral. (See PI. II, Fig. 16). The burrow for the last eight or ten inches is quite noticeably enlarged, especially laterally, and the extreme end is invariably tightly packed with the remains of former repasts. (See PI. II, Fig. 14). The holes are generally located On the brow of a cliff, but one colony, figured in PI. II, Fig. 12, was found in muddy silt at the foot of a cliff-like bank, well below the recent flood level of the stream. Still others occurred on the high plain some Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 half a mile back from the bluffs. Two or three were found that had their openings in the face of the cliff. These sloped back and did not conform to the normal burrow. It was often noted that these larval colonies were situated near some larger hole, as that of the field mouse or badger. FEEDING HABITS OF AMBLYCHILA LARVAE. Careful observations were made in Wallace County in early Aug. of the habits of a colony of six larvae, and upon two, singly located, but conveniently near. The colony of six is figured in PL II, Fig. 13. One of the other solitary ones is shown in PI. II, Fig. 14. The larval holes were on a level spot on the top of a twenty-foot cliff of sandy clay and a few feet from its brink. The said cliff defined the river bed and was at that time 300 feet from the flowing stream and extended for some distance along its side. Observations were begun August gth, shortly before sun- down. The colony was roughly sketched and each hole num- bered. When we arrived no larvae were at the surface, but at about dusk, cautiously, one by one, the brown "traps" were set, only to drop out of sight at the first disturbance. One came near the top and, by taking a half turn, the mandibles scraped dust down upon the "trap" which made it more deceptive than ever. A lantern was lighted and placed within a foot of the colony, but seemed not to disturb it. A beetle of the genus Trox was placed over the hole of No. 4. It was seized and dragged part- ly out of sight but as promptly brought up, lifted from the ground, and by a flip of the head, cast clear of the hole and the trap again set. A mantid (Litaneutria) was offered and seized by this same larva. This was at 7.41 P. M.. Number 2 took a moth offered from the forceps. Number 5 accepted a fly. Number 3, the largest of all the colony, was located in a hole, the mouth of which was one-half inch above the surrounding ground and close against the roots of a grass- clump. This larva greedily took a beetle of the genus Lach- nosterne. The last one in the colony fairly jumped at an ant- lion adult offered it and drew it into its burrow with lightning 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 speed. None of the larvae returned to the surface after being fed. Earlier the following evening the colony was again visited. The bank was searched for adults without success. The first larva appeared at or near its entrance at 6.35 P. M. The sky was one-half cloudy, wind from the south. This larva was one of the solitary ones and numbered 7. Number 6 was up at 6.39. Numbers i and 2 were up at 7.00 P. M. All "traps" were set by 7.03. A moment later a shout sent I, 3 and 6 down. Number 7 seemed wild and more easily disturbed than the others; perhaps it, being alone, got more to eat and was less greedy. At 7.20 a Pasimachus (coleopter) was given to number i. A struggle ensued. Twice the beetle managed to back to the surface only to be dragged from view again. Num- ber 2 was offered a Chalybion (wasp) which it took. Buzzing was heard within for some moments later. Number 6 took a Mutillid. Number 4 a Pelopoeus wasp head first. Number 3 took the head from a Cicindela which was too tightly held in the forceps. Number 5 took a Cicindela as it ran over the hole. Number 8 took a pentatomid. This closed the observations for the two evenings. We noted that the larvae of Amblychila cylindriformis were rather general feeders, the Trox alone being rejected. The following morning the colony was visited. The body of the Pelo\poeus (legs and wings gone) was found three inches from number 2 and the body of Chalybion two inches from number 2. Number 8 was carefully excavated, a small guide- straw being used. The plan of the burrow is shown in PI. II, Fig. 14. The dimensions are there given. The colony was also very carefully excavated. Guide- straws were used and the digging done from one side. (See PI. II, Fig. 13), Each larva was placed in a vial bearing the number of the hole and the contents of each hole were placed in a vial similarly numbered. In all but two holes, number 8, to which was fed the Penta- tomid, and number 5, to which was given the Cicindela, we found the remains or parts of the food given the night before. In number i was found the Pasimachus one and a half inches Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 below the entrance, head downward and uninjured save that the claws were gone from the fore-tarsi. The larva was in the rear of the burrow and apparently unhurt. In number 2 the wings of the Chalybion were found just in front of the larva. In number 3 was found the frons of Cicindela. In number 4 the wings and legs of Pelapoeus. In number 5 the larva was not in the rear of the burrow but was found discolored and blackened for the first two-thirds of its length and in a stupor, apparently nearly dead. In referring to the notes of the night before, it was found that this one had taken the Cicindela, and it was evident that there had been a battle in which the rapid little tiger- beetle had got beyond the plated armor of the larva in that portion of the burrow where it widens out, and had won the struggle. In number 6 the abdomen of the Mutillid was found. A table at the end of this paper gives these notes in a con- cise form. As stated above, the extreme end of the burrow for a dis- tance of two and a half inches was packed with refuse of for- mer repasts. In several cases, as the sides of the burrows were carefully shaved away, there was an opportunity to see the larva naturally situated in its home. It was noted that as the larva grabbed at an object, the head would fly up and back- ward, the wave thus started would hump the back where the sharp prongs of the dorsal side could grasp the walls of the burrow. Four of the larvae of this colony were placed in holes made for them in cans containing clay and accepted food normally. Three were carried thus through the remaining camping trips and brought safely to the laboratory and placed in vertical holes in sandy soil. About a week later two of the larvae blocked up the mouth of their tunnels so that the location of the latter could not be well determined. The third did not con- ceal its whereabouts but kept its burrow open. The larvae were all dead by Feb., 1911. The stopping up of the holes may perhaps be explained by the hibernating instinct of the larvae. 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 SUMMARY OF FEEDING HABITS OF AMBLYCHILA CYLINDRIFORMIS. No. Date Time at Surface Food Offered Result Remains of Food at Surface Remains of Food in Burrow Other food remains Condition of Larva I Aug. 10 P.M. 7 Pasimachus Attacked Alive i/^in. below sur- face, 5 tarsi gone Normal 2 " 9 " 10 " 7 Moth Chalybion Taken below 44 44 Chalybion body Chalybion wings 44 3 " 9 " JO " 7-03 Lachnosterna Cicindela Taken below Head taken off Frons of Cicindela 14 4 " 9 " 10 " 9 " 7-04 " 7-41 Trox Pelopoeus Litaneutria Taken then expelled Taken below 44 tt Body of Pelopoeus Wings and legs of Pelopoeus 44 5 " ,1 " dusk " 7-04 Fly Cicindela 44 44 it u Badly chewed and dis- colored 6 " 9 10 " 7-04 " 6.39 ant-lion,adult Mutillid 44 44 44 44 Abdomen of Mutillid Normal 7 " 10 " 6.35 Normal 8 " 10 " 7-04 Pentatomid 44 4 . Normal They came to surface to feed at dusk. They are general insect feeders but they reject distasteful insects. They may sometimes be overcome by the prey they have captured and sometimes fail to retain prey once caught. In summer of 1911 the larval forms were found widely distributed in southwestern Kansas but the adults were scarce as ever. FAM. HETEROCERIDAE, Heterocerus sp. Along the shores of the Sappa Creek, in Rawlins Co., we took some beetles of this genus which live in peculiar little urn- shaped mud cases. These cases were set in the mud with the necks just showing above the level. A side and top view are shown in PI. II, Fig. 15. EXPLANATION OF PLATES I AND II. Plate I. All figures enlarged. Fig. I. Egg of Hornia gigantea showing the enclosed embryo. Fig. 2. Young triungulin of Hornia yiyantea found in the nest of the bee, Anthophora occidentalis. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate II. o o COLEOPTERA FROM KANSAS-WILLIAMS AND HUNGERFORD. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9 Fig. 3. Piece of cast larval skin of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 4. Pupa of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 5. $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 6. $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 7. Triungulin found on leg of the bee, Anthophora occidentals. Fig. 8. Head of $ cotype of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 9. Maxillary palpus of $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. IO. Fore tarsal claw of $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. ii. Antenna of $ Hornia gigantea. Plate II. All figures except Fig. 15 reduced. Fig. 12. Bird's eye view of a colony of the larvae of Amblychila cylindriformis, on the sloping bank of White Woman Creek, Greeley County, Kansas, August, 1910. The pen- knife placed in the figure for comparison, is y/& inches long. The shaded holes are closed. Fig. 13. Vertical view of a colony of the larvae of Amblychila cylin- driformis, Wallace County, Kansas, August, 1910. Fig. 14. Vertical section through a tunnel of the larva of Amblychila cylindriformis, Wallace County, Kansas, August, 1910. Fig. 15. Dorsal and lateral view of a mud nest of Heterocerus sp. Fig. 16. Vertical section through a tunnel of the larva of Amblychila cylindriformis, Morton County, Kansas, August, 1911. Photo by Love joy. The Species-status and the Species-concept. By CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, Lima, Peru. The question as to what constitutes a species is as old as the science of biology. Nevertheless it is not yet satisfactorily answered. In the case of certain groups of plants and animals the answer is simple. These groups belong to old stocks that have long since passed through their period of evolutional activity, are- no longer undergoing extensive variation and specialization, and have lost at least in great part the transi- tional forms that arose during the process of their evolution. But when we attempt to define a species in younger groups which are still undergoing extensive evolution, or have but recently reached the climax of multiform development, the answer is not simple. Examples of such groups are furnished by the Muscoidea among insects and by the Compositae among IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 plants. The difficulty to be overcome in these groups arises from the presence of a large number of the transitional forms and individuals that are always produced during the evolution of stocks. What is to be done in such case? It is clear that what suffices to meet the requirements of the one case will not meet the quite distinct requirements of the other. The species-concept must therefore be modified to such extent as is necessary for adapting it to the requirements of each case. It has long been held that a species comprises all individuals whose interbreeding will produce fertile offspring. This can not now be accepted. Plants, insects, and even mammals, which the majority of biologists will agree are entitled to spe- cific recognition, possess this power. We have only to recall the plants which have been successfully hybridized within recent years and insect species which have mated and pro- duce fertile progeny. It is quite possible to secure fertile offspring from the union of certain distinct but closely allied species of flies, butterflies and beetles whose' external sexual organs admit of mating. Instances of hybrid insect races are on record. It is not within the limits of this article to cite cases, but the records show it to be practically beyond question that in certain instances the spermatozoa of one species have the power to fertilize the ova of another and produce there- from fertile individuals. Other definitions of species so far given, aside from the above, also fail to apply in young stocks. The keynote of all biological investigative work is to verify and record faithfully the results of one's investigations. Such results form a sure basis for further investigations. It is certain that all systematists do not yet fully realize the sig- nificance of some of the unchallenged results so far obtained. As a profitable though outre illustration, true nevertheless to living conditions, we may imagine an immense extent of fertile land surface covered with a varied and teeming flora and fauna still more or less in process of evolution and subjected to all the varied combinations of conditions that will support life, We may further imagine for the moment that we are not only intimately acquainted with each of the practically innumerable Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 1 forms and individuals that compose this flora and fauna, but also that we are able to follow out in sequence all the lines of their issue through a period of a few millions of years. What would be the result of our observations in such case? It is certain that we would see many forms drop out, we would see many new ones arise, we would see great variations in some and less variation in others, we would see some persist in nearly their original form ; but most important of all from a taxono- mic and phylogenetic point of view we would witness the pro- duction of hordes and multitudes of transitional individuals and forms that would quite effectually clog any known system of classification, were they assembled with the typical forms in their entirety. At any given time in the production of these transitionals, the living residue would show plainer lines of separation, but specific and other limitations among them would not be amenable to current methods. These conditions are actually exemplified today in certain young stocks inhabiting favored regions. There are stocks of Muscoidea and Com- positae in the Andean montanya whose progenitors have al- most certainly been in that region or an equally favored con- tiguous area for the past two or three millions of years, and their living forms in many instances exemplify the conditions just mentioned. While this region is probably the most highly favored in this respect in the world, it is certain that many other regions exist both in and out of the tropics where similar conditions are exemplified by these and other young stocks. Many muscoid groups exhibit today in various parts of the world so many transitional forms and individuals that we have long been unable conveniently to classify them. Yet we know that these groups have already lost many of the transitional forms, together with immense hosts of transitional individu- als, that arose during their evolution up to the present time. What conclusion can we draw from these facts? Simply that there exist in nature, among groups of young stocks under- going active evolution, no well defined or fixed species limits ; but that there certainly exist aggregations of individuals ob- serving some general specific bounds which suttice to meet the 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 requirements put upon them by varying natural conditions, or failing to meet them perish. This phase of biologic inquiry can, in a measure, be likened to infinity. In theory infinity is incomprehensible, but we com- prehend parts of it in practice. Theoretically there is almost no limit to the morphologic variety that life may assume, but practically it is limited to such morphology as we know or can base on that which is known. When we come to consider the limits of species we find that in practice as well as theory they have among themselves no natural sequential or genetic limits, and often no residue limits at any given point in their develop- ment, but nevertheless they certainly exist under both condi- tions, however obscured may be their limits. Were we able to restore and gather together all the individuals that have arisen during the evolution of species on this globe up to the present day, we would find few or no places where we could draw natural lines of division between categories of individuals. In practice, however, among the living residue of today, the limits of natural species are such as they make for themselves. It remains for us to find these limits out. The illustrations which I have used may be judged as forced and far-fetched, but they are true to nature and therefore their forcefulness is the more serviceable. Variation even among existing forms has almost no limits. The number of possible combinations of the characters of organisms, past, present and future, is almost infinity itself. The best that we can do in the present with the great plastic mass of living young forms is to divide it as conveniently as we may, conforming to phylogenetic lines as closely as it is possible to interpret them. It is certain that in highly special- ized and comparatively recent groups we gain simplicity and conciseness as we descend in the taxonomic scale and diminish the scope of our units of treatment. This applies not only to groups but to genera, subgenera, species, subspecies and races. It arises from the contraction of taxonomic values obtaining in such stocks. We need to apply a restricted species-concept in dealing with these forms, as well as employ restricted groups and categories in general. Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 It appears possible to define a species as an aggregation of individuals which in the majority of cases breed together under normal conditions and produce fertile offspring. This seems true, but it is incapable of application with immediate final results in the case of young stocks. The chief difficulty lies in determining what are the limits of the normal fertile variants of species in such stocks. Long series of observations must be carried out to establish the normal self-observed limits of such species in nature. This labor must here often follow instead of preceding a working species-concept, because we need names under which to record our results during the carrying out of the necessary investigations. By the normal self-observed lim- its of species in nature is meant their limits in the long run, divested of exceptions and vacillations. It is useless to attempt to solve such problems merely by the study of dead material. The living phases, functions and environment of the material must be studied as well, and that diligently. Thus it is safe to say that each species will have to be worked out eventually on its own merits and standing. As this cannot be done at once, our working concept must be a tentative one that will apply now for such cases. It must be plastic, but of such nature that it will cause no future confusion or perversion of recorded facts that belong with it. How shall we gain the practicable end of a working species-concept for dealing with the forms exhibited by young stocks? It seems that the best way to do this, because the simplest and most thoroughly guarded against error, is to bestow a name upon every form at all abundant in individuals that can be distinguished as dif- ferent from other forms — every form that we can sense and characterize as a different form, regardless of the presence or absence of transitional individuals, of interbreeding limits, or of other than an approximate constancy of characters — and to consider that form as a tentative restricted species. Such plan will not interfere with the subsequent proper tabulation of forms as subspecies and races, when our knowledge is suffi- ciently complete to warrant it. Individual-occurrences should not be confused with form- 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 occurrences. Transitional individuals or means of variation occur linking together extremes of variation that seem to have been derived from the same specific stock. The extremes need names if they are abundant enough in individuals to constitute form-occurrences ; so do the means if they are similarly abun- dant and capable of characterization. But isolated transitionals and those of slight differentiation may be recorded by noting their degree of divergence from one or other of the named forms. In this manner exact and concise records are pre- served of each individual form and its variations. Such rec- ords are indispensable in both present and future work. These forms are in many cases potential if not actual species, and all of them need to be recorded now. The lumping of recognizable forms under one name is a most serious taxonomic offense, unless in each case the precise limits of divergence from the typical form are shown. An immense number of muscoid names has been thrown into the synonymy within recent years, not only in America but also especially in Europe. No doubt some of these belong there, but it is very probable that many might be profitably employed for the recognition of localized and various transitional forms among these highly versatile flies. The foregoing remarks at least throw some light on what may be termed the species-status in nature, and it is believed that they demonstrate the need of a modified species-concept for application in young stocks. It will be useful to summarize the main points. SUMMARY. 1. In old stocks, species have normal values and well defined limits, because evolution has become inactive in those stocks and maturity has been attained by the forms. 2. In young stocks, the contraction of taxonomic values due to youth restricts the scope of species, and the presence of many transitionals due to active evolution obscures their limits. 3. Therefore the species-status is not uniform in old and young stocks, and the species-concept must be modified to agree with it. Vol.XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 4. Though transitionals obscure limiting lines in dead ma- terial, species exist in young stocks and the actual limits of each are such as it makes for itself by the general interbreed- ing of its constituents under normal conditions. 5. The normal self-observed limits of species in nature among young stocks must be worked out on the merits of each case by the study of living material through all its stages with relation to its environment. 6. As a basis for this work all recognizable forms in young stocks must be described, named and regarded as tentative species until their status is finally determined. 7. All recognizable forms in young stocks demand a name and final place in the taxonomic system down to race rank, and none should be lost sight of by lumping of names. 8. Isolated or aberrant transitionals need no distinctive name, but as a matter of record they should be descriptively differentiated from that form which they most closely approach. 9. It follows that the describing and naming of forms in young stocks should be based on as large series as possible. Notes on the Thoracic Sclerites of Winged Insects.* By G. C. CRAMPTON, Ph.D. .(Plate III.) As used by most anatomists, the term dorsum is applied to the entire upper or dorsal surface of an insect's body ; the en- tire side, or lateral portion of the body is termed the I at us; and the entire lower or ventral surface is termed the venter. To avoid confusion, these terms should be used in this sense alone. The entire dorsal region of each segment (i. e. the more membranous, as well as the more strongly chitinized portions of the body wall) is termed the tergnm, or not um; the entire lateral region of each segment is termed the plcnron (both flanks being termed the pleura] ; and the entire ventral region *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachu- setts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 of each segment is termed the sternum. The sclerites (either distinct plates, or subdivisions of the more strongly chitinized regions marked off by sutures) of the tergum are called ter- gites; those of the pleural region are called lpleurites; and those of the sternal region are termed sternites. Unless confusion is to continue to reign in the terminology applied to the thoracic sclerites we must hold rigidly to the simple and logical usage given above. From the study of the larval forms of insects, and the more primitive representatives of the order, it would appear that the thoracic sclerites were originally formed as numerous plates formed by depositions of pigment and chitin, due (in all probability) to the stimulus of muscular tension, and to other mechanical stimuli, such as friction. As specialization pro- gresses, there is a marked tendency for these originally dis- tinct plates to unite, or fuse together ; and by the breaking up into parts (derivatives) of the original plates, by the re-com- bination of these parts fusing with other sclerites, and by the formation of secondary sutures (i. e. those not originally pres- ent), the modifications of the original typical or "ground-plan" met with in the different orders of insects, are brought about. The hypothetical "ground-plan" of thorax shown in Plate III, Fig. 2, is more of a composite, or combination of the pos- sible conditions met with in different winged insects, than an attempted reconstruction of the original condition found in the ancestors of these insects. It nevertheless approaches the original condition, in many respects. The plates which were originally separate and distinct are, for the most part, so rep- resented in the figure. The greater part of the sutures origin- ally present, or those early formed, are designated by heavy lines; while those added as later modifications (i. e. secondary sutures), are indicated by clotted lines. Although the types of thoracic sclerites represented in the following series do not cover all of the conditions met with in winged insects, it is a comparatively simple matter to reduce any of them to some one of the types here represented. The principal sclerites of the ter- gal, pleural and sternal regions may be briefly described as follows : Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I/ TERGITES — There are two principal plates found in the ter- gal region of winged insects. These are the scutoscutellwm, or large anterior plate Scsl (Fig. 2), and the postscutellum, or smaller posterior plate Psl. The scutoscutellum bears the wing, or the wing articulates with its lateral margin. The postscutellum is not connected with the wing in any insects thus far observed. In some insects the scutoscutellum is con- nected with the pleural region by a pre-alar bridge, or con- necting sclerite Pal (Figs. 2 and 5), extending in front of the wing; while the postscutellum is usually connected with the pleural region by a post-alar bridge Plph (Fig. 2), extending behind the wing. There frequently occur "implexes" (i. e., any in-folding, or in-pocketing of the integument) which serve the double pur- pose of affording better attachment for the muscles, and of strengthening, or rendering more rigid, the sclerites in which they occur. The outward manifestation of such an "implex," or internal fold, is an external groove or suture, formed by the meeting of the external lips of the fold. Naturally, these folds, or plaits, are composed of two plates. These may be so closely applied to each other as to appear as a single plate. Both plates may be equally strongly chitinized, or one may be strongly chitinized and the other membranous. The transverse "implexes" of the tergal region are termed phragmas, and these occur at the dividing line between two consecutive segments, so that the anterior plate of the phragma may be considered to belong to the segment in front, and the posterior one to the segment behind. If the anterior plate of the two which make the phragma is strongly chitiniz- ed while the other is membranous, the phragma appears to be- long entirely to the segment in front. If the posterior one is strongly chitinized, while the other is membranous, the phragma appears to belong to the segment behind. The an- terior plate of the tergal region (i. e., the scutoscutellum, men- tioned above) may bear a phragma at its anterior margin, or the posterior tergal plate (i. e., the postscutellum) may bear a phragma along its posterior margin. The anterior tergal plate Scsl (Fig. 2) may be further di- l8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 vided by sutures (with, or without corresponding internal folds) into a number of subregions, or subdivisions. The foremost of these is a narrow, transverse region, the pre- tergite, Am (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6), lateral to which is the pre- alare, Pal (Figs. 2, 4 and 5). Behind the region Am is the prescittum, Psc (Figs. 2. 4, 5 and 6). Following the prescutum is the scutum, Sc (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). Situated somewhat anteriorly and laterally to the scutum is a narrow sclerite, the supraalare, At (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6), with which the wing veins articulate by means of a small movable, or ar- ticulatory plate, the notopterale, Npt (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). (These articulatory plates by means of which the wing veins articulate with the tergal plate, have been recently termed the pteralia}. Situated in the incision between the sclerites Pal and At, is the tegula, or parapteron, Tg (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The scutum, Sc, may be divided into subregions by the formation of sutures, or even a transverse fissure. The prin- cipal subdivision is the ju.rtascntellum, Jsl (Fig. 2) situated on either side of the scutellum, SI (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The sclerite Jsl is not marked off in the insects figured in the series here given, but occurs in the Diptera and Hymenoptera. An articulatory extension of the scutum, termed the anal pterale. Sept (Fig. 2), becomes detached in the higher insects, and forms one of the pteralia mentioned above. A narrow, poster- ior, marginal sclerite, the poster git e, Pm (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6) is the hindmost of the subdivisions of the tergal plate Scsl. It sometimes occurs as a posteriorly-projecting, fold-like re- gion of this plate. A median dorsal suture (with its corre- sponding internal fold, or "implex") called the mid-dorsal su- ture may partially divide the tergal plate into symmetrical halves. The posterior tergal plate, or postscutellum Psl (Figs. 2, 4 and 5), is not connected with the wing, but is usually connect- ed with the pleural region in the higher insects, as was men- tioned above. The postscutellum consists of an external re- gion (the "phragmite") and an internal portion, the phragma. The external region of the postscutellum, in some insects is divided into a median region, the "mediophragmite," Mph Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IQ (Fig. 2), and a lateral portion (one on either side), the pleu- rophragmite, Plph (Fig. 2). These are best seen in the Dip- tera and Odonata. The postscutellar plates Psl (Fig. 6) of the cockroach, doubtless are the representatives of the post- scutellum in other insects. The various subdivisions of the tergal plates described above, are not met with in all insects, those usually present be- ing the prescutum (Psc), the scutum (Sc), the scutellum (SI), and the postscutellum (Psl). The small tergal plates, or intertergites, It (Fig. 4) occur- ring in front of the anterior tergal plate in such insects as Corydalis, are doubtless homologous 'with the dorsal cervical sclerites It (Fig. 3) occurring in front of the pronotum of the cockroach and other insects. These will be discussed under the consideration of the intersegmental sclerites. PLEURITES — Situated immediately below the wing is a sub- alar plate, the subalare, Asa (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). There are sometimes two of these, an anterior and posterior subalare, Asa and Psa (Fig. 5), but only the anterior one is large enough to be of any importance. The principal plate of the pleural region is the eupleurite, composed of the regions Em, Es and Lpl (Figs, i and 2). This was in all probability a single plate originally, but later became divided into a number of sub-regions by the formation of sutures. A more or less oblique infolding of the integument whose external manifesta- tion in the pleural suture g (of all figures) extends from the top of this plate to the bottom of it. Internally, an "implex" or ridge called the pleural ridge, or apodeme, likewise extends from top to bottom on the inner surface of the plate. The re- gion immediately posterior to the pleural suture g, is the epi- m-eron, Em (in all figures). The epimeron may be subdivided into an upper and a lower region Ppl and Hem (Figs. 2 and 4) in such insects as Mantis pa, Chrysopa, etc., but this is of some- what rare occurrence. The region immediately anterior to the pleural suture g is the episternwm, Es (in all figures). In the mesothorax of the earwig, the formation of a second suture e (Fig. i) marks off the later oplenrite, Lpl, from the remainder of the pleural plate. 2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 A lateral plate of the sternal region, the later osternite, Lst (Fig. r) may become detached from the sternal region and unite with the sclerite Lpl (Fig. i) to form a pre-coxal bridge Lat (Fig. 3) extending in front of the coxa, and connecting the pleural with the sternal region. This pre-coxal bridge may then be divided by a suture b (Fig. 3) into an anterior region, the precoxale, PCX (Fig. r) and a narrow posterior re- gion, the antecoxale, or "antecoxal piece" of recent writers, Acx (Figs. 3 and 6). The precoxal bridge, however, is usually indistinguishably united with the episternum above, and with the sternum below, in the higher insects. A secondary suture d (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6) marks off an upper region, or anepisternum, Aes, in the dorsal region of the pleural plate, and this small region is usually mistaken for the episternum in such cases, although the episternum always ex- tends from the top to the bottom of the pleural plate. Two small "derivatives" of the region Aes, at the base of the wing, may be more or less completely detached from this region to form the anterior and posterior b as alar e, or basalar plates, Aba and Pba (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The triangular plate termed the trochantin, Tn (Figs, i, 2 and 6) may possibly be a detached sclerite of the pleural plate, although it is regarded by some writers as a detached portion of the coxa. The trochantin may be divided by an oblique suture into an anterior and posterior region as in Fig. 6 (Tn) ; it may be divided into two distinct plates as in Fig. i (Tn) by splitting up obliquely ; or it may split up transversely into two distinct plates as in Fig. 3. The smaller of the two plates is the trochantinelle, Tnl (Fig. 3). The dorsal portion of the trochantin may unite with the pleural plate, and by a continua- tion of the suture b (Fig. 2) a composite region, the pleuro- trochantin, Ptn (Fig. 4) is formed. This is not to be con- sidered as the trochantin alone, as is done by most writers. There occurs in some insects, a post-coxal sclerite, the post- coxale, Poc (Fig. 2) which may unite with the lower portion of the epimeron and with the sternite Fs to form a post-coxal bridge Poc (Fig. 4) connecting the pleural with the sternal region. There may thus be a pre-coxal and a post-coxal bridge connecting the pleural and sternal regions. Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21 In front of the pleural plate, there occur, in some insects, a small group of plates, the interpleurites, Ip (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) which will be discussed with the remainder of the interseg- mental plates under the heading intersegmentalia. In addi- tion to these may be mentioned the peritreme, Pt (Figs, i, 2, 4, 5 and 6), which surrounds the spiracle or breathing pore. The spiracle is regarded by many investigators as belonging to the segment behind it. STERNITES — In such primitive insects as the stoneflies Ca\pnia and Leuctra, there are five distinct sclerites in the ster- nal region, and traces of certain of these sternites are pre- served in some insects, although the most of them disappear in the higher forms, either through fusion with each other, or through a fading out of the pigment and the softening of the chitinous deposits which formed them. The sternite which is tentatively designated as the fore- most of the principal sternal sclerites, is the prebasisternite. Pbs (Figs. 2, 3 and 5), which is probably a derivative (or de- tached portion) of the large sternite behind it, called the basisternite, Bs (Figs, r, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). The basisternite, as the name implies, forms the lower portion of the sternum in many insects ; its lateral wings Lst, previously described, forming the sternal portion of the flanks. These lateral ex- tensions may become detached to form separate plates, the latero sternites, Lst ( Fig. i ) as in the earwig, or they may re- main connected with the sternum, and unite witjj the pleural plate to form a pre-coxal bridge extending between the pleural and sternal regions. The basisternite may be split up by diagonal fissures, into four sclerites, as in the prothorax of the roach Ectobia (Fig. 3, Bs). The basisternite is retained in practically all insects, and forms the principal sclerite of the sternal region. Behind the basisternite is the fur cast emit e, Fs (Figs, i, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). As the name implies, it bears the furca, or fork-like apophyses (internal sternal processes). The apophyses may be separated from each other, one on either side of the median ventral line (i. e., diapophyses), or they may approach each other in the median line, and their bases unite, 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 while their distal extremities remain separated to form the arms of the fork. Following the furcasternite is the p o st f ur cast emit e, Pfs (Figs. 2 and 5), and behind this is the spinasternite, Ss (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), so called because it bears the spina, or unpaired median apophysis (monapophysis) . It has not yet been determined whether or not the spinasternite is the foremost or the hindmost of the sternites, but it is here treated as though it were the hindmost. The internal projections of the sternal region are termed a\pophyses. In order to distinguish the paired from the unpaired apophyses, the terms diapophyses and moncapophysis may be used to designate the two types. A median ventral fold, the mid-ventral "implex," with its corresponding external suture, frequently partly divides the sternal sclerites into symmetrical halves. It, however, is absent in many insects. All of the sternites mentioned above are not preserved in the higher insects, the two usually represented being the basister- nite and the furcasternite (called the antecoxal piece by the older writers). The prebasisternite is retained in the pro- thorax of certain lower forms, and two derivatives, or detached portions, of this region occur as narrow transverse plates, the int erst emit es, Is (Figs. 2 and 3), in the prosternum of the ear- wig and roach. INTERSEGMENTALIA — The term intersegmewtat plates, or intersegmentalia is applied to the small sclerites situated be- tween the segments. These plates, in all probability, belong partly to the segment in front of them, partly to the segment behind them, and are therefore not to be considered as vestiges of reduced segments in the process of becoming lost. The dorsal intersegmentals are the intertergites, It (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). They occur in front of the mesonotum of Cory- dolls (Fig. 4, It) and in front of the pronotum of the roach (Fig. 3, It). Those in front of the pronotum are called the dorsal cervicals (cervicalia). The dorsal intersegmentals are probably detached plates belonging to the segment in front of them. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23 The lateral intersegmentals are the interpleurites, Ip (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5), and the postcoxale, Poc (Fig. 4) might possibly be likewise included under the designation lateral intersegmen- tals. There are two well developed interpleurites in front of the pleuron of the mesothorax in Corydalis. The posterior one is much the larger, and probably belongs to the segment behind it, while the anterior one may belong to the segment in front. The anterior interpleurite in this insect bears an internal process for muscle attachment. The interpleurites Ip (Fig. 3) in front of the pleuron of the prothorax in the roach, are called the lateral cervicals. The ventral intersegmentals are the prebasisternite Pbs (Figs. 2, 3 and 5), the intersternites, Is (Figs. 2 and 3), and possibly the spinasternite, S\y (Figs. 2, 3 and 5). The pre- basisternum and intersternites, Pbs and Is (Fig. 3) in front of the prosternum of the roach, earwig, etc., are termed the ventral cervicals. All of these sternites appear to be parts of the segment behind them. It is thus apparent that the cervical sclerites (cervicalia) are in all probability homologous with the intersegmental sclerites (intersegmentalia) in front of the other thoracic sclerites, and these doubtless belong partly to the segment behind them, partly to the segment in front. It is thus as incorrect to re- gard the cervical sclerites as representing the entire labial seg- ment, as it would be to regard the intersegmental sclerites in front of the metathorax as representing the entire mesothoracic segment; for these intersegmental (and cervical) sclerites be- long partly to the segment behind them, partly to the segment in front, as we have seen. The region containing the cervical sclerites is the veraccrvi.v, or "cervicum." It would be simpler to designate this region as the cervix, since it is the true neck region, but the term cervix is always applied to the constricted occipital region of the head ; on this account the "manufactured" term "cervicum," or the compound term veracervix is preferable. The function of the neck region is to enable the head to turn more readily. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Fig. I. Mesothorax of the earwig Forficula. Fig. 2. "Ground plan" of typical thoracic segment. Fig. 3. Prothorax of roach. Pleural region as in Periplaneta; ster- nal region as in Ectobia. Fig. 4. Mesothorax of Corydalis. Fig. 5. Mesothorax of stonefly. Pleural region as in Perla; sternal region as in Capnia and Leuctra. Fig. 6. Metathorax of roach. Pleural region as in Ischnoptera (male) ; sternal region as in mesothorax of Periplaneta. All figures are so oriented that the dorsal region is directed toward the top of the page, and the anterior portion toward the left hand mar- gin, the plate being held sidewise to read the abbreviations. All show lateral views. The coxae are partly cut off in all figures. Black areas denote cavities, or the location of internal processes. a, Suture betweeen basisternite (Bs) and laterosternite (Lst). Aba, Anterior basalare. A ex, Antecoxale. Acs, Anepisternum. Am, Pretergite. Asa, Anterior subalare. At, Supraalare. b, Suture between antecoxale (Acx) and precoxale (Pcx). Bs, Basisternite. c, Suture betweeen lateroster- nite (Lst) and lateropleu- rite (Lpl). Cm, Coxamarginale. d, Suture marking off anepi- sternum (Acs). e, Suture between episternum (Es) and lateropleurite (Lpl). Em, Epimeron. Es, Episternum. Fs, Furcasternite. g, Pleural suture (between episternum and epime- ron). h, Suture below subalar scle- rite (Asa). Hem, Hypoepimeron. Hpt, Hypopteron. i, Suture dividing epimeron (Em) into upper and low- er regions. Ip, Interpleurites. Is, Intersternites. It, Intertergites. Jc, Juxtacoxale. Jsl, Juxtascutellum. k, Suture between epimeron (Em) and meron (Me). I, Meral suture (between me- ron and anterior portion of coxa). Lot, Laterale. Lpl, Lateropleurite. Lst, Laterosternite. in, Suture between episternum (Es) and trochantin (Tn). Me, Meron.* Mph, Mediophragmite. Npt, Notopterale. Pal, Prealare. Pba, Posterior basalare. * In the Diptera, the term meroplcurite is applied to the meron united with the lower portion of the epimeron. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate III. ,.: <0 - \ - W] * THORACIC SCLERITES OF WINGED INSECTS-CRAMPTON. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Pbs, Prebasisternite. PCX, Precoxale. Pfs, Postfurcasternite. Plph, Pleurophragmite. Pm, Posttergite. Poc, Postcoxale. Ppl, Pteropleurite. Psa, Posterior subalare. Psc, Prescutum. Psl, Postscutellum. Pt, Peritreme. The subscripts i, 2 and 3, denote that the sclerite in question belongs to the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax respectively. Pin, Pleurotrochantin. Sc, Scutum. Sept, Analpterale. S'csl, Scutoscutellum. SI, Scutellum. Ss, Spinasternite. Tgj Tegula, or parapteron. Tn, Trochantin. Tnl, Trochantinelle. Vex, Veracoxa. A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia (Hym., Chalcidoidea). By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), N. Q., Australia. The following species belongs to a genus heretofore known from Java only but seems to differ from the type of it in bear- ing a petiolate abdomen. Spilomegastigmus flavus new species. Female. — Length, 2 mm., excluding ovipositor which is slightly long- er than the abdomen, their valves black. Wings hyaline excepting the stigma; abdomen with a distinct petiole which, however, is not very much longer than wide. Honey yellow the abdomen with transverse short stripes of black; legs and scape pale yellow, the flagellum dusky. Mesoscutum and scutellum transversely wrinkled, the latter without a cross furrow. Mandibles bidentate. Antennae slender, n-jointed, the club solid, one ring joint; all funicle joints longer than wide, the first three subequal, longest, much longer than the pedicel. Head smooth. (From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.) Male. — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in a forest, April i, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Australia — Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag and the head in xylol-balsam on a slide. *ENT. NEWS, XXIII, 392-94, 1912. 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 The Male of Syringogaster brunnea Cresson, from Peru (Dipt.)* By E. T. CRESSON, JR., Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, Pa. Among some material from Callanga, Peru, in the collection of the Hungarian National Museum, Dr. K. Kertesz found a specimen of the genus Syringogaster which he determined as my brunnea, although not agreeing with the description in many respects. He sent it to me for verification, and it proved to be the unknown male of that species, or at least I consider it as such, with the following differences : Frontal median triangle polished, as is also the female to some ex- tent. Posterior half of thorax black with the area about humeri rufous (this black discoloration may be caused by the chemical action on the pin.) Abdomen subopake, not polished as in female, brown with two yellow bands on the narrow first and second segments ; genital seg- ment yellow, longer than broad, extending to apex of fourth beneath. Anterior tibiae brown ; posterior femora discolored on the inside. Wing venation and maculation as figured, the third vein being bent beyond small cross vein, while that of the female is straight. The species having been described from Costa Rica, this discovery also gives an interesting extension to its distribu- tion. It may be explained here, in case there be some mis- understanding, that what is considered the fused first and second abdominal segments, may be all one segment, but as understood in the typical description,* the first segment is the narrow portion while the second is the dilated portion. The two are sometimes readily distinguished by a faint impressed transverse line between them. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2J The Identity of Two Insects, each Described by Ashmead as Megastigmus flavipes (Hym.)« By C. R. CROSBY, Ithaca, N. Y. In 1886 Ashmead described Megastigmus flavipes (Trans- actions of the Ajmerican Entomological Society; v. 13: p. 128). In the United States National Museum there remains the pin on which the type was originally mounted, glued to a paste- board triangle. Only the hind legs and one front wing remain. The stigmal club is large, very dark colored, and appears to be surrounded by a narrow clearly defined cloud. These charac- ters prove it to be a true Megastigmus. In 1888 Dr. Ashmead described another insect under the same name, Megastigmus flavipes. (In Bulletin 3, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station: p. III). Through the kind- ness of Professors T. J. Headlee and G. A. Dean, I have been able to examine the type of this species. It is a male Torymus. In transferring it to that genus, we find the name Torymus flavipes preoccupied by Callimome flavipes Walker (Entomo- logical Magazine; v. i : p. 124. 1833) also a true Torymus. It, therefore, becomes necessary to change the name of Ashmead's species, and as the original description was very inadequate, I have drawn up the following : Torymus abortus new name. 1888 Megastigmus flavipes Ashmead. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 3: p. III. Not Megastigmus flavipes Ashmead. Transactions of the Ameri- can Entomological Society; v. 13: p. 128. 1886. Not Callimome [=Torymus] flavipes Walker. Entomological Magazine ; v. i : p. 124. 1833. Male. — Length, 1.5 mm. Head and thorax metallic greenish blue. Front and face finely reticulate-punctate, vertex becoming delicately transversely rugulose. Antennae dusky. Posteriorly on the thorax and on the pleurae a brownish ground-color shows through the green. Dorsum of thorax finely and densely pustulate ; no transverse stria on scutellum. Propodeum not in a position for study. Pleurae and coxae brownish with greenish metallic reflections. Abdomen dark brown with aeneous reflections. Front and middle legs pale yellow ; hind femora and tibiae broadly infuscate. Wings hyaline. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 A new Lycaena from Arizona (Lep.) By VICTOR L. CLEMENCE, Pasadena, Cal. Lycaena florencia, new species. Expanse, 15 to 24 mm. $ — Upperside: Light violet blue (blue violet No. 487*), lighter to- wards the costa and veins ; fimbriate black border on all wings, fringes white. Underside : Ground color greyish-white, spots similar to hanno, only very much less intense; secondaries, spots also like hanno excepting for the metallic marks which are distributed in the new species as fol- lows : The black eye-spot has a metallic half-circle on the outer side ; a round, black spot covered with metallic scales above and two such spots, but smaller, below. $ — Upperside: Mouse color, dusted with sky-blue scales from the base outwardly ; secondaries are dusted in the same way, the anal spot of secondaries showing through indistinctly in both males and females. Underside : Same as male. Habitat: Southern Arizona (Huachuca Mountains, May and June, Clemence) ; Brawley, Imperial Valley, California, May ; Yuma, Arizona, June, W. G. Wright. Types: 2 males, 2 females, from a series of 14 specimens in the collection of V. L. Clemence. Comparing Lycaena florencia with hanno, its nearest relative, the following comparative table will enable students to readily separate these two species : florencia. Size : 15 to 24 mm. $ Upper side : Light violet blue No. 487. A black fimbriate bor- der. Slight reflection of anal spot from under side. 9 Upper side : Mouse color dusted with sky-blue scales. Under side $ $ : Even light gray, spots very light brown. Four metallic spots. hanno. Size : 18 to 27 mm. $ Upper side : Bright purplish blue (Holland). Very wide black border. A distinct black anal spot. $ Upper side : Dark purplish blue (Holland). Under side $ $ : Brownish gray with broad dark border. Spots dark brown and black. Two metallic spots. *Klincksieck et Valette, Code des couleurs, 1908. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2Q There are, in my series, three florencia with only three metallic spots, but these specimens are worn and these delicate marks may have become erased. This interesting Lycaena was taken by me in 1910 while collecting in the Huachuca Mountains, Southern Arizona : it was taken in company with isola. but whereas isola occurred in great numbers, florencia was rarely met with, and I considered myself fortunate to take from one to three specimens in a day's collecting while without any difficulty hundreds of isola could be secured. Of course the striking difference of the heavy marginal row of spots on the underside of the primaries in isola made the two species easily distinguishable, and also the fact that florencia is two-thirds of the size of isola. It is very distinct, in fact it is not like any other Lycaena in appear- ance, the pale blue of the upper side and its small size being the distinguishable characteristics of this species. This little insect, like most of the Lycaenae, is very fond of settling on damp sand bordering the canyon streams. One evening in last May while doing some entomological work with my friend, Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., our attention was attracted to some Lycaenae from Florida which were not yet classified, and this caused a comparison between these and a series from Arizona which I had labeled hanno according to Wright's description in The Butterflies of the West Coast. We immediately saw the great difference existing between the Florida specimens and the Arizona ones ; at once we started a search through the literature and discovered that the locality of hanno is the Gulf States, therefore, the Arizona species were not as Mr. Wright figures them but a new species which T take pleasure in introducing to Lepidopterists. I have named this new species after my wife, Florence M. Clemence, who is also greatly interested in the collecting of Lepidoptera and has done some good work in Colorado and other places and so added materially to my collection. Change of Address. Mr. Henry \V. Wenzel has removed from 1523 South I3th_ Street to 5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Pa., and requests his friends and correspondents to take note of the change. 3O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 A new Chalcidid Genus and Species of Hymenop- tera from Australia. By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns) North Queensland, Australia. This new genus was captured by sweeping foliage and grass along the banks of the Cape River at Capeville, Queensland, January 8, 1913. It is the second endemic genus of its tribe from Australia. Family CHALCIDIDAE, Tribe CHALCITELLINI. Chalcitelloides new genus. Female : — Agreeing with the description of Chalcitclla Westwood but the antennae only lo-jointed, without a ring- joint, the club solid. The fore wings without post-marginal or stigmal veins, the marginal long, slender and truncate at apex. Posterior femur beneath with eight teeth, the distal two small and equal ; scutellum ending in a minute tooth. Venter of propodeum with a pair of stout teeth pointing ventrad. Petiole of abdomen as long as the hind coxae. Posterior tibiae with a small acute tooth outwardly near base (proximal third) ; wings hyaline. Propodeum with a median carina. Male : — Not known. Type : — The following species. Chalcitelloides nigriscutum new species. Female. — Length, 3.00 mm. Blood red, the wings hyaline, the mesoscutum and axillae black ; also the venter of thorax, the lateral pieces of the scutellum and an oval spot in center of posterior coxa outwardly; venation pale brown. Head black, the antennae red except distal two-thirds of the club. Umbili- cately punctate and with sparse white pubescence. Abdominal petiole with longitudinal carinae far apart. Fore wings practically naked, without marginal cilia. First funicle joint longest, the others more or less subquadrate, the club long, conical. (From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.) Male. — Not known. Described from one female captured as above. Habitat: Australia — Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag plus a slide bearing the head and posterior femur. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 A new Borborid (Diptera) from Panama. By J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois. Sphaerocera pallipes, new species. Female. — Black, slightly shining. Antennae yellow, basal joint dark- est; proboscis yellow. Thorax black, pleurae shining. Abdomen black on dorsum, yellow beneath. Legs entirely pale yellow. Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres yellow. Frons opaque, slightly granulose on surface, rather more than one- half as wide as head, no bristles present, the surface hairs pale and very short ; antenna? small, inserted in cavities on either side of the upper part- of the face, which is flattened, triangular in shape and pro- jects distinctly beyond the anterior margin of f rons ; the antennas thus lie at right angles to the long axis of the body ; arista hair-like, bare, and about twice as long as width of f rons ; mouth opening large ; labrum flattened, distinctly protruding; cheek as high as the rather small eye ; in profile the head is flattened in front and almost upright ; the eye occupies slightly more than one-half the distance from vertex to anterior margin of head. Thorax in poor condition, but mesonotum with evident traces of four longitudinal rows of short, pale hairs on disk ; scutellum rounded in outline, the posterior margin with faint traces of tubercules, one at either side, widely separated, being most distinct. Abdomen elongate oval ; segments bare above. Legs long, and strong; their surfaces with very short, pale hairs, but no bristles present ; hind tibia without an apical spur ; hind metatarsus swollen, the upper surface slightly rounded ; ventral surface flattened, the usual brush of hairs of the other species in the genus is represented only by a few hairs which are most distinct at apex ; length of metatarsus about one and one-fourth that of the second joint which is not swollen; claws long, black at apices. Wings with veins 3 and 4 distinctly convergent at apices. Length, 1.5 mm. Type: Cat. No. 15974, U. S. N. M. Locality: Buena Ventura, Panama, May 19, 1911, (A. Busck). Distinguished from S. subsultans Fabricius by the absence of the spur on hind tibia, from S. bimaculata Williston by the unicolorous abdomen, from S. pusilla Fallen by the course of the third and fourth veins, and from 5". annulicornis Malloch by the entirely pale legs. 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 r The Twentieth Australian Species of Elasmus (Hym.t Chalcidoidea). By A. A. GIRAULTV, Nelson (Cairns), N. Q., Australia. The following species was captured in North Queensland with the sweeping net. Elasmus doddi new species. Female. — Length, 2 mm. In my table of species of the genus (Memoirs Queensland Museum, Brisbane, I, 1912, pp. 188-189), running to formosus Girault but differ- ing in having the scutellum wholly black (except narrowly at middle of the side), the vertex wholly yellow, the tip of postscutellum black. Head and scutum with thimble punctures, the scutellum scaly. Legs pallid yellow, the posterior coxae narrowly black at upper edge, the antennae dusky yellow, with two ring joints. Pronotum very narrowly black along cephalic margin, the dorsal half of occiput black. (From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch & Lomb.) Male. — Not known. From one female captured at Nelson (Cairns), North Queensland, April r, 1913, by Mr. Alan P. Dodd for whom the species is named as a recognition of his early promise. Habitat : Australia— Nelson, Queensland. Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag. — • «•> • — A new Wasp from Colorado (Hym.)« By T. D. A. COCKERELL, University of Colorado. On June 26, 1913, when collecting bees at Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, in the Canadian Zone, I captured a wasp which I could not at first determine generically. On close investigation, it proves to belong to Dryudella Spinola, based on a species of Southern Europe. According to Kohl, Dryudella is a subgenus of Astata, but the venation is so peculiar that I think it may well rank as a genus. My species is new, and I take pleasure in naming it after Mr. Enos Mills, the well known writer on the natural history of Colorado, resident at Longs Peak Inn. Dryudella mills! n. sp. $ — Length, about 7 mm. ; head, thorax, legs and antennae black, the anterior tibiae dark reddish brown on inner side except apically ; pubes- cence very scanty, pale, black in region of mouth ; abdomen with the first two segments (except base of first), and sides of third basally to some extent, bright ferruginous ; the rest of abdomen black ; head Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33 paining, broader than thorax ; lower margin of middle lobe of clypeus broadly rounded, rather prominent, but not specially modified ; front and vertex very sparsely punctured; third antennal joint longer than fourth, fifth about as long as fourth ; mesothorax and scutellum highly polished, with a few scattered punctures ; area of metathorax dull and granular, with a slight oblique striation ; sides of metathorax striate ; tegulas black ; anterior wings dusky hyaline, not very dark, nervures and stigma piceous ; venation of anterior wings much as in Dryudella tricolor (Astata tricolor v. d. Linden), but differing as follows: Mar- ginal cell longer (but not nearly equal to stigma on costa), first re- current nervure joining second submarginal cell a very short distance from the base, basal nervure not falling so far short of transverso- medial : middle and hind tibiae with numerous black spines ; abdomen smooth and shining; basal part of pygidial area microscopically reticu- late. In Fox's table (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, P- 54°) of Astata this runs to 8, and runs out on account of the black tegulae and structure of clypeus. Dryudella caerulea (Astata caerulea Cresson) is another species of this genus. I have taken it upon the campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder, September 9. I was at one time inclined to regard it as a new genus or subgenus, but Mr. S. A. Rohwer expressed the opinion that it was a Dryudella, and upon further study I must agree with him. It is atypical however in the shape of the third submarginal cell, and in having the first recur- rent nervure joining the second submarginal cell far from the base. The metallic blue color is also remarkable. An Aberration of Pyrameis huntera (Lep.). On Sept. i2th, 1013, I captured a curious aberration of Pyrameis huntera near the Canadian Pacific Railway works here. The speci- men is a large one and a female. The black markings have run to- gether and become blurred and the white spots on the upper side are exaggerated. Also there is a purplish suffusion at the apex of each upper wing. The ground color of the upper side of the lower wings is darker than in the type apparently due to the fact that the dark basal cloud of the type has spread all over the wing. On the underside the same tendency towards the blurring of the black markings is apparent, but on the pink area of the upper wings the black is replaced by indistinct orange marks. The lower wings are very dark underneath and much of the white penciling of the basal portion in the type is suppressed in this specimen. I should be grateful if some one interested in this capture would let me know if there is any particular name for this aberration. — H. M. SIMMS, 192 Ontario East, Montreal, Canada. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thank- fully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it neces- sary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. — Ed. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1914. Alfred Russel Wallace. The opening sentence of the NEWS for July, 1913: "In the death of Lord Avebury, on May 28, there passed away the youngest, but not the last, of that group of famous English naturalists intimately associated with Darwin and the promul- gation of his theories," is no longer true. Alfred Russel Wal- lace, "the last," died" on November 7, 1913, aged 90 years and ten months less one day. The length of his life is remarkable, considering the attacks of disease from which he suffered both in England and on his expeditions to the Amazon and the Ma- lay Archipelago. His autobiography, published in two volumes in 1905, under the title, My Life A Record of Events and Opinions, with fac- simile letters, illustrations and ^portraits, renders unnecessary any account of his life in this place. It is not superfluous, how- ever, to recall his entomological labors and the influence which he considered that the study of insects had upon his own career and that of his co-discoverer of the theory of natural selection. At the meeting held by the Linnean Society of London on July ist, 1908, to celebrate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the joint communication made by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel 34 Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 Wallace to the Society, "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties ; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection," the first Darwin-Wallace medal was presented to Wallace, who said in reply, among- other things : this brings me to the very interesting question : Why did so many of the greatest intellects fail, while Darwin and myself hit upon the solution of this problem — a solution which this Celebration proves to have been (and still to be) a satisfying one to a large number of those best able to form a judgment on its merits? As I have found what seems to me a good and precise answer to this question, and one which is of some psychological interest, I will, with your permission, briefly state what it is. On a careful consideration, we find a curious series of correspond- ences, both in mind and in environment, which led Darwin and myself, alone among our contemporaries, to reach identically the same theory. First (and most important, as I believe), in early life both Darwin and myself became ardent beetle hunters. Now there is certainly no group of organisms that so impresses the collector by the almost in- finite number of its specific forms, the endless modifications of struc- ture, shape, color and surface-markings that distinguish them from each other, and their innumerable adaptations to diverse environ- ments. * * * Again, both Darwin and myself had what he terms "the mere pas- sion of collecting" — not that of studying the minutiae of structure, either internal or external. I should describe it rather as an intense interest in the mere variety of living things — the variety that catches the eye of the observer even among those which are very much alike, but which are soon found to differ in several distinct char- acters. * * * It is the constant search for and detection of these often unexpected differences between very similar creatures that gives such an intellec- tual charm and fascination to the mere collection of these insects ; and when, as in the case of Darwin and myself, the collectors were of a speculative turn of mind, they were constantly led to think upon the "why" and the "how" of all this wonderful variety in nature — this overwhelming, and, at first sight, purposeless wealth of specific forms among the very humblest forms of life. Then, a little later (and with both of us almost accidentally) we be- came travelers, collectors and observers, in some of the richest and most interesting portions of the earth ; and we thus had forced upon our attention all the strange phenomena of local and geographical dis- tribution, with the numerous problems to which they give rise. Thence- forward our interest in the great mystery of how species came into ex- 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 istence was intensified, and — again to use Darwin's expression — "haunted" us. Finally, both Darwin and myself, at the critical period when our minds were freshly stored with a considerable body of personal ob- servation and reflection bearing upon the problem to be solved, had our attention directed to the system of positive checks as expounded by Malthus in his "Principles of Population." The effect of this was analogous to that of friction upon the specially-prepared match, pro- ducing that flash of insight which led us immediately to the simple but universal law of the "survival of the fittest," as the long sought effec- tive cause of the continuous modification and adaptation of living things. Wallace's interest in beetles, as he tells in My Life (i, pp. 236-237), was due to his meeting Henry Walter Bates, in 1844 or 1845, as a result of which he not only began to collect these insects but also to enter into a correspondence with Bates that eventually led to their joint visit to the Amazon. Their choice of this region of the world was the result of reading W. H. Edwards' A Voyage up the Amazon, published in 1847. Ed- wards, being in London soon after, gave the young Englishmen letters of introduction to friends at Para. Forty years later, in April, 1887, Wallace renewed his personal acquaintance with the great American lepidopterist by a visit to the latter's home at Coalburgh, West Virginia. The richest parts of Wallace's South American collections, 1848-1852, were lost by the burning of the vessel on which he was returning to England. He mentions, in his Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, having gathered goo species of diurnal Lepidoptera. He was more successful in his journey to the East, 1854- 1862, and, in the preface to The Malay Archipelago, tells us that when he returned to England in the spring of 1862 he found that the collections which he had retained for his private use included "at least twenty thousand beetles and butterflies, of about seven thousand species," while the total numbers of specimens which he secured were 13100 specimens of Lepidoptera, 83200 Coleoptera and 13400 other insects. His papers, The Malayan Papilionidae, as illustrating the Theory of Natural Selection (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxv), Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 on the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian regions and on the Cetoniidae of the Malay Archipelago (these two in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1867) were based in large part on his own col- lections, are summarized in My Life (i, pp. 400-403) and con- stitute his systematic entomological work. Many of his essays on general subjects such as Mimicry, and many chapters in his larger works, The Geographical Distribu- tion of Animals, Darwinism, Tropical Nature, etc., are founded on his own observations on insects. As President of the En- tomological Society of London, his address in January, 1871, dealt with the peculiarities of insular insects, while that of 1872 "endeavoured to expound Herbert Spencer's theory of the origin of insects, on the view that they are fundamentally compound animals, each segment representing one of the original inde- pendent organisms." Notes and. Ne\vs ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. The Alligator Pear Weevil (Col.)— A Correction. On page 416, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, vol. XXIV, No. 9, November, 1913, under "Notice of Public Hearing on the Alligator Pear Weevil," the insular possessions Hawaii and Porto Rico are incorrectly cited as localities in which the avocado weevil (Heilipus lauri Boh.) is known to occur. The only other records of this weevil known to us other than Mexican are Central American. Naturally, no quarantine action will be taken or is intended against the islands referred to, or other avocado-producing countries free from this weevil. The error in the notice is sincerely regretted, and was due to the absence from Wash- ington of the writer at the time. — C. L. MARLATT, Chairman, FederaJ Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Acknowledgment of Photographs Received. The album of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has been increased by the addition of the photographs of the following persons, and the thanks of the Section are tendered to the donors for their gifts : Messrs. R. Godfrey,* Harry L. Johnson, A. L. Melander, D. E. Merrill, F. W. Nunenmacher, J. H. Reading, R. J. Smith and O. S. Westcott. * Deceased since receipt of the photograph. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 "Daddy-long-legs"? It is evident that the newspapers of other countries are no more seekers after truth than those of our own, especially regarding scien- tific facts. In the Entomological Record for October 15, 1913, under the heading "Newspaper -Entomology" one reads of a notice of an article relative to daddy-long-legs published in a London newspaper. It is utterly useless to question the truth or the validity of the facts as given in such newspaper articles, unless written by a competent scientist, as doing so only holds one up to ridicule by the ignoramuses ; for it is seldom that a newspaper acknowledges its mistakes or misin- formation, or offers any but childish excuses for publishing such articles. Regarding the article in question, it may be noted that to an Ameri- can, or, at least, to some of us in the eastern part of the United States, "Daddy-long-legs" refers to "harvest spiders" or "harvest- men," members of the Arachnid order Phalangida. At first glance one might think the author of the article referred to these animals, but in England the name "Daddy-long-legs" is given to some of the members of the dipterous family Tipulidae which of course have "six pairs of legs (evidently meaning six legs), long body and wings." The assertion that "at one time he was classed as an insect, but Lamarck separated him from them, and now he is catalogued along with scorpions and mites" is obviously rubbish, manufactured out of the whole cloth of ignorance. Incidently it may be noted that species of Tipulidae are known to be very injurious to pasture lands in the western United States. — E. T. C, Jr. Schinia gloriosa Strecker (Lepidop.). During the past summer I obtained a fine specimen of the beautiful Schinia gloriosa in Boulder, Colorado. The species was described from Texas, and appears to be new to Colorado. The species is larger than S. sanguinea, with much paler hind wings ; the figure purporting to rep- resent it in Holland's Moth Book, pi. XXVII, f. 27, is evidently sanguinea. Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., IV, p. 89) did not know glori- osa, and his table is not satisfactory for its separation. It might be amended as follows : Fore wings with terminal area without longitudinal white or whitish streaks ; hind wings pale rcgia Strecker. Fore wings with terminal area conspicuously longitudinally streaked with white or whitish. Larger ; hind wings creamy white, darkened at apex gloriosa Strecker. Smaller; hind wings fuscous .... sanguinea (Geyer). — T. D. A. COCKERELL. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 Parasites of the San Jose Scale (Hym.). In connection with the editorial in the NEWS for November, 1913, it may be of interest to state that the parasite reported as doing such effective work against the San Jose Scale in Pennsylvania was discov- ered at Amherst, Mass., in the fall of 1912 in great abundance. It was carefully studied, and as it could not be identified, specimens were sent to Dr. L. O. Howard, who declared it to be a new species of Prospaltella. A description of the insect was published under the name of Pros- paltella perniciosi in the Annals of the Entomological Society of Amer- ica, Vol. VI, No. I, by Mr. D. G. Tower, and studies were continued upon it in the summer of 1913. During the present fall, colonies of this insect have been sent to Washington and Georgia, in the hope of establishing it there, and shipments to other places will be made as opportunity offers. From 75 to 85 per cent, of the scales appear to be parasitized in nature, and as large a per cent, occurs on the small twigs as on the larger ones. A shipment of the Pennsylvania parasite just received from Pro- fessor Surface has made direct comparison of the two possible, and there can be no doubt that they are the same species. In the Penn- sylvania consignment Aphelinus fuscipennis and Prospaltella perniciosi were found, the latter including perhaps three-fourths of the speci- mens. A letter just received by Mr. Tower from Dr. Howard states: "Professor Surface came to Washington a month or more ago with a series of slides of material reared from San- Jose-scale-infested twigs, and among these parasites I found Aphelinus fuscipennis How., a Mymarid, * * * Anagrus spiritus Girault, Signophora nigrita Ashm. and your Prospaltella perniciosi." From the evidence we have it would seem probable that the Prospaltella is the one which is doing most of the work. If claims of priority are in order, it would seem that the date of publication of Mr. Tower's description (March, 1913) should be con- sidered, while the files of the Bureau of Entomology at Washington will provide evidence that the insect was discovered and studied sev- eral months before that time. Careful examination of twigs from Pennsylvania and also from Massachusetts indicates that despite a large amount of parasitism we need hardly expect the scale to soon become an unimportant pest as long as any such number as 10 per cent, are left -"for seed." — H. T. FERNALD, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. The species figured in all the newspapers and the one Professors Surface and Grim had the controversy over is a Mymarid, described under the name of Anagrus spiritus Girault, in E'NT. NEWS, XXII, p. 209, 1911. Prof. Grim sent us the slide that Prof. Surface had and it was sent to Mr. Malloch to compare with the type at Urbana, Il- linois. Mr. Malloch reports them identical. — H. S. 4O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 Human Case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum (Dipt.). Mr. George E. Nicholson, who has been my assistant in the verruga work since the last of July, and who has rendered particularly efficient service in the investigation at all times, notwithstanding numerous difficulties to be continually overcome, has most unfortunately de- veloped unmistakable symptoms of the disease. A brief outline of the case is as follows : On the I7th of September, accompanied by both Mr. Nicholson and Mr. Rust, I went to Verrugas Canyon to secure material of the Phle- botomus for inoculation of laboratory animals. Both Mr. Nicholson and myself have passed numerous nights there on the same work, and Mr. Rust has been there twice. As usual we applied the ointment rec- ommended by Newstead and were not molested by the Phlebotomus up to the time of retiring at about midnight. We all used tight nets for sleeping, through which the Phlebotomus could not pass. During the night, however, while asleep, Mr. Nicholson evidently put his hands above his head so that they came in contact with the net, for in the morning we counted fifty-five unmistakable Phlebotomus bites on the backs of his hands and wrists. These bites are small, irregular in out- line, red, and not raised, as Mr. Rust and I know from a half dozen that we received on July gth while awake and before we had begun to use the ointment. We also know that during all our night collect- ing at Verrugas Canyon from July to September, no other biting in- sect except the Phlebotomus appeared, not even a single culicid, and on one occasion I sat up the entire night. Daily examination of Mr. Nicholson's blood revealed nothing ab- normal until October i, when I found what I considered to be the verruga x-bodies in the red cells, but Dr. A. L. Barton, the best known authority on verruga, pronounced them not so. This was due to the smear having been somewhat overstained as compared with Dr. Bar- ton's customary practice in staining. These x-bodies continued in very small number without clinical symptoms of note, other than a headache or slight feverishness at times, until October 25th, when a decided rise of temperature occurred and the x-bodies were found to be much increased in number. Dr. Barton now recognizes these to be the verruga x-bodies, and Mr. Nicholson has entered the Guadalupe Hospital in Callao under Dr. Barton's immediate care. During the past week his temperature has been lower than at first, and the case promises to be of the benign type rather than the malignant. No erup- tion has appeared as yet. Salvarsan was administered intravenously to-day, for the purpose of determining whether it will prove a spe- cific against the disease. — CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND. Chosica, Peru, November loth, 1913. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 4! Notice to Authors. Authors publishing entomological articles in non-entomological jour- nals, who desire to have such articles noted in our current literature list, will do well to send copies of them to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. After note has been made of the same, they will be deposited in the library of the American Entomological Society. — • <•» • — Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 7 — U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 12 — Comptes Rendus, L'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 21 — The Entomologist's Record, London. 22 — Zoologischer An- zeiger, Leipzig. 24 — Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 36 — Transactions, Entomological Society of London. 46 — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 50 — Proceedings of the U. S. National Mu- seum. 65 — La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris. 68 — Science, New York. 73 — Archives, Zoologie Experimental et Generale, Paris. 79 — La Nature, Paris. 97 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 119 — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 136— Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 166 — Internationale Entomo- logische Zeitschrift, Guben. 179 — Journal of Economic Entomol- ogy. 180 — Annals, Entomological Society of America. 189 — Jour- nal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 190 — Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift "Iris," Dresden. 194 — Genera Insec- torum. Diriges par P. Wytsman, Bruxelles. 198 — Biological Bul- letin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 204— New York State Museum, Albany. 216 — Entomologische Zeit- schrift, Frankfurt a. M. 275 — Philippine Journal of Science, Manila. 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 276 — Bulletin, Societe Lepidopterologique de Geneve. 299 — Mittei- lungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hanover. 313 — Bul- letin of Entomological Research, London. 344 — U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 368 — The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal. 369 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 407 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. 420 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal of entomology, Washington, D. C. 447 — Jour- nal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 451 — Nature Study Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 452 — Lepidopterorum Catalogus, editus a H. Wagner. 453 — Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 454 — North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh. 458 — Mon- tana Agricultural College Experiment Station, Bozeman. GENERAL SUBJECT. Butler, A. L.— Economic value of birds, 8 pp. (Reprint from The Agricultural Gazette, Tasmania, Sept., 1912.) Casey, T. L.— The law of priority, 68, 1913, 442-43. Enslin, E. — Ein ideales klebemittel fur insektenpraparation, 166, vii, 195-96. Felt, E. P. — Report (28th) of the state entomologist of New York for 1912, 204, Bui. 165, 264 pp. Folsom, T. W. — Entomology with special reference to its biological and economic aspects. 2d re- vised ed. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Sons & Co., 1913, 402 pp. Hopkins, A. D. — Discontinuous geographical distribution, 102, xv, 118-122. Jennings & King. — An intensive study of insects as a pos- sible etiologic factor in pellagra. (Am. Jour. Med. Sci., cxlvi, 411- 441.) Kaye, W. J. — A few observations in mimicry, 36, 1913, 1-11. Knab, F. — The contentions regarding "Forest malaria," 102, xv, 110-118. .Lutz, A. — The insect host of forest malaria, 102, xv, 108-9. McClashan, X. — The collector's by-product, 189, v, 158-160. Mar- tell, P. — Insektenfeinde der bucher, 216, xxvii, 142-43 (cont.). Parker, W. B. — A sealed paper carton to protect cereals from in- sect attack, 344, Bui. 15. Quade, F. — Insektenstiche, 216, xxvii, 154-55 (cont.). Reuter, O. M. — Obituary notices, 8, 1913, 230-31; 9, 1913, 296. Riley, W. A. — Some recent manuals of parasitology, 179, vi, 416-18. Townsend, C. H. T. — Progress in the study of ver- ruga transmission by blood suckers, 313, iv, 125-128. Tragardh, I. — On the chemotropism of insects and its significance for economic entomology, 313, iv, 113-117. Weiss, H. B. — Notes on the negative geotropism of Corythuca ciliata, Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella 9- notata and Megilla fuscilabris, 179, vi, 407-9. Wilcox, E. V., et al.— Annual report of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for 1912, 91 pp. Williams, C. B.— The berlese funnel, 9, 1913, 273-74. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Remarks on fossil insects (Abstract), 102, xv, 123-126. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 ARACHNIDA, ETC. Mueller, A.— Die afterspinnen, 216, xxvii, 153-154. Ewing, H. E. — Some new and curious Acarina from Oregon, 189, v, 123-136. Hodgkiss, H. E. — New species of maple mites, 179, vi, 420-24. Simon, E. — Biospeologica, XXX. — Araneae et Opili- ones, 73, lii, 359-386. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Chaine, J.— Les ilots de ter- mites, 12, 1913, 650-53. Fahrenholz, H. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der Anopluren, 299, D, 1-64. Morgan, A. H. — A contribution to the biolugy of may-flies, 180, vi, 371-413. Snyder, T. E. — Changes dur- ing quiescent stages in the metamorphosis of Termites, 68, 1913, 487-88. Banks, N. — New exotic neuropteroid insects, 102, xv, 137-142. Karny, H. — On the genera Liothrips and Hoodia, 36, 1912, 470-475. Kennedy, C. H. — Notes on the Odonata, or dragonflies, of Bump- ing Lake, Washington, 50, xlvi, 111-126. Kruger, L. — Beitrage zu einer monographic der neuropteren familie der Osmylidae, 136, Ixxiv, 1-123. Paine, J. H. — A new genus of Mallophaga, 5, xx, 158-161. ORTHOPTERA. Fryer, J. C. F.— Preliminary note on some experiments with a polymorphic phasmid, 407, iii, 107-111. Giglio-Tos, E. — Mantidae, subf. Perlamantinae, 194, 144, 13 pp. Shelford, R. — Studies of the Blattidae, 36, 1912, 643-661. HEMIPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Swarming of Hemiptera, 179, vi, 426. Faust, E. C. — Size dimorphism in adult spermatozoa of "Anasa tristis," 198, xxv, 287-303. Metcalf, Z. P.— The wing venation of the Fulgoridae, 180, vi, 341-358. Parker, J. R. — (See under Lepidoptera.) Sherman, F., Jr. — The oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi), 454, Bui. 185. Webster, R. L. — Notes on Gypona octolineata, 179, vi, 409-13. Schouteden, H. — Pentatomidae: Dinidorinae, 194, fasc. 153, 19 pp. LEPIDOPTERA. Bird, H.— On the larval habits of two sps. of Oligia, 420, i, 123-24. Carpenter, G. D. H.— The life history of "Pseudacraea eurytus hobleyi," 36, 1912, 706-716. Chapman, T. A.— On the early stages of "Albulina pheretes," a myrmecophilous blue butterfly. An experiment on the development of the male ap- pendages in L., 36, 1912, 393-406, 407-8. Chittenden, F. H.— The rose slug-caterpillar (Euclea indetermina). The Florida fern cater- pillar (Eriopus floridensis), 7, Bui. 124, 125. The potato-tuber 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 moth (Phthorimaea operculella), 344, Farm. Bui. 557. Frohawk, F. W. — "Yellow imagines" of Pieris brassicae, 9, 1913, 282-83. Frohawk & Rothschild. — Completion of the life-history of "Me- lanargia japygia subsp. suwarovius," 9, 1913, 275-78. Harte, C. R. — Observations regarding flight of the cotton moth in 1911, 179, vi, 426-7. Headlee, T. J. — A broad study of the codling moth, 179, vi, 389-395. Jacobson, E. — Biological notes on the Heterocera: Eublemma rubra, E. versicolora and Catoblenama sumbavensis, 46, Ivi, 165-173. Jones, E. D. — Descriptions of n. sp. of L. — Hetero- cera from South-East Brazil, 36, 1912, 419-444. Loquay, R. — Ein besuch beim raupenpraparator, 166, vii, 169-170. McClashan, X. — A worm that cares, 5, 1913, 345-6. Manders, N. — Birds eating but- terflies, 9, 1913, 292. The study of mimicry (Batesian and Mul- lerian) by temperature experiments on two tropical butterflies, 36, 1912, 445-469. Merle, R.— Les sesies, 79, xli, 371-374. Meyrick, E. -Tortricidae, 194, fasc. 149, 81 pp. Parker, J. R.— The imported cabbage worm (Pontia rapae) and the cabbage aphis (Aphis bras- sicae), 458, Circ. 28. Pictet, A. — Recherches experimentales sur 1'hibernation de "Lasiocampa quercus." Reherches experimentales sur la resistance au froid et la longevite des L. a 1'etat adulte, 276, ii, 179-206, 206-212. Rau, P.— Notes on the duration of the pupal stage in certain L., 5, xx, 161-62. Rehfous, M. — Observations biologiques de "Lycaena cyllarus," 276, ii, 238-250. Vasler, E. J.— The red-humped caterpillar (Schizura concinna), 368, ii, 654-657. Weldon, G. P. — The fruit-tree leaf-roller (Archips argyrospila), 368, ii, 638-647. Bethune-Baker, G. T. — Observations on Dr. Verity's review of the Linnean collection and his suggested nomenclatorial altera- tions, 21, 1913, 251-253. Beutenmuller, W. — Notes on Hepialus auratus, 420, i, 129-130. Busck, A. — Two Micro-L. injurious to chestnut, 102, xv, 102-104. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Two new varieties of Phyciodes camillus, 9, 1913, 308-9. Dalla Torre, K. W. v.— Cast- niinae: Subf. Castniinae, Neocastniinae, Pemphigostolinae, 452, Pars 15, 28 pp. Dyar, H. G. — Notes on the species of Galasa, 420, i, 125-29. Dyar & Strand. — Megalopygidae, Dalceridae, Epipyropi- dae, 452, 16, 7-35. Linston, Dr. V. — Die neue lepidopterologische nomenklatur und die Heubner'schen gattungsnamen, besonders der Noktuiden, 24, Iviii, 21-29. Meyrick, E. — Lepidopterorum catalogus, Pars 13 & 17: Carposinidae, Heliodinidae, Glyphipterygidae, Ptero- phoridae, Orneodididae, 53 and 44 pp. Meyrick, E. — Descriptions of So. American Micro-L., 36, 1913, 170-200. Prout, L. B. — Lepi- dopterorum catalogus, Pars 14: Geometridae: Subf. Hemitheinae, 192 pp. Sheljuzhko, L. — Gegen unnutze und bewusste aufstellung Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 von synonymen, 190, 1913, 111-115. Strand, E.— Brahmaeidae, 452, Pars. 16, 1-6. Webster, F. M.— "Vanessa californica" again, 4, 1913, 342. DIPTERA. Alverdes, F. — Nochmals ueber die kerne in den speicheldrusen der Chironomus-larve, 22, xlii, 565-575. Cameron, A. E. — On the life history of "Lonchaea chorea," 36, 1913, 314-322. Fiske, W. F. — The bionomics of Glossina; a review with hypotheti- cal conclusions, 313, iv, 95-111. Hodge, C. F.— The distance house flies, blue bottle and stable flies may travel over water, 68, 1913, 512-13. Learning disease prevention in school. The house fly as a practical lesson, 451, ix, 245-250. Hewlett, F. W.— The effect of oil of citronella on two species of Dacus, 36, 1912, 412-18. Kieffer, J. J-— Cecidomyidae, 194, fasc. 152, 346 pp. Mansion, J. — Les larves des dipteres vivent elles dans le formol? 65, xliii, 168-172. Mitz- main, M. B.— The biology of "Tabanus striatus," the horsefly of the Philippines, 275, viii, Sec. B., 197-222. Sawyer & Herms.— Attempts to transmit Poliomyelitis by means of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), (Jour. Am. Med. Assoc., Ixi, 461-466). Severin, H. H. P. — The life history of Ceratitis capitata, with a list of fruits attacked in the Hawaiian Islands, 179, vi, 399-403. Walton, W. R. — Efficiency of a tachinid parasite on the last instar of Laphygma, 102, xv, 128-131. Beutenmuller, W. — A new empid from the Black Mountains, No. Carolina, 420, i, 130. Enderlein, G.— Die Phoridenfauna Sud-Bra- siliens. Paryphoconus, eine neue Chironomidengattung aus Bra- silien. Zwei neue Ortaliden, 136, Ixxiii, 16-52, 57-60, 60-64. Zur kenntnis der familie Xylophagidae, 22, xlii, 533-555. Felt, E. P.— The gall midge fauna of New England, 5, xx, 133-147. A study of gall midges, 204, Bui. 465, 127-226. Johnson, C. W.— Notes on variation in the venation of the species of the genus Leptogaster, 5, xx, 162-64. Johannsen & Crosby. — The life history of "Thrypticus muhlenbergiae," sp. nov., 5, xx, 164-00. Knab, F.— A new Cuban Chaoborus, 420, i, 121-22. Krober, O. — Therevidae, 194, fasc. 148, 58 pp. Malloch, J. R. — A new species of "Simulium" from Texas. Two n. sp. of Borboridae from Texas, 102, xv. 133-37. A revision of the species in Agromyza and Cerodontha, 180, vi, 269-340. Me- lander, A. L. — Some acalyptrate Muscidae, 5, xx, 166-69. COLEOPTERA. Ely, C. R.— The food plant of "Cleonus calan- droides," 102, xv, 104-5. Ewing, H. E.— Notes on Oregon Coccinel- lidae, 179, vi, 404-7. Jordan, K. H. C. — Zur morphologic und bio- logic der myrmecophilen gattungen Lomechusa und Atemeles und einiger verwandter Formen, 97, cvii, 346-386. Pierce, W. D. — The occurrence of a cotton boll weevil in Arizona, 447, i, 89-08. R. M. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 — La lutte centre un parasite des Grangers, 79, xli, 364. Sharp & Muir. — The comparative anatomy of the male genital tube in C., 36, 1912, 477-642. Snyder, T. E.— The ovipositor of "Parandra brun- nea," 102, xv, 131-33. Webster, F. M. — The southern corn root worm, or bud worm (Diabrotica duodecimpunctata). The western corn root worm (D. longicornis), 344, Bui. 5 & 8. Barber, H. S. — A new species of Phengodes from California, 5, 1913, 343-4. Breit, J. — Zur systematik der Bathysciinae, 369, ii, 301-316. Champion, G. C. — Coleoptera from British Honduras, 8, 1913, 256-7. Notes on various Central American C., with descrip- tions of new gen. and sp., 36, 1913, 58-169. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Some C. from Central America, 9, 1913, 299-300. Dupuis, P. — Carabidae, Pentagonicinae, Peleciinae, Hexagoniinae, 194, fasc. 145-147. Prell, H. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der Dynastinen, 136, Ixxiii, 53-57. Schmidt, A.— Scarabaeidae: Aegialiinae, Chironinae, Dynamopinae, Hyposorinae, Idiostominae. Ochodaeinae, Orphni- nae, 194, fasc. 150, 87 pp. Spaeth, F. — Kritische studien ueber den umfang und die begrenzung mehrerer Cassiden gattung nebst be- schreibung neuer amerikan. arten, 119, 1913, Ab. A., H. 6, 126-164. Neue Cassiden aus Columbien, Peru, Bolivien und Ecuador, 136, Ixxiii, 1-16. Wickham, H. F. — The Princeton collection of fossil beetles from Florissant, 180, vi, 359-370. HYMENOPTERA. Cockle, J. W.— Strange action of "Bombus occidentalis," 5, 1913, 347-8. Cros, A. — Le "Sitaris rufipes," ses moeurs, son evolution, 65, xliii, 173-177. Lovell, J. H. — A vernal bee (Colletes inaequalis), 5, xx, 147-48. McColloch, J. W. — A para- site of the chinch bug egg, 179, vi, 425-6. Natzmer, G. v. — Lebens- weise und organisation der underirdisch lebenden ameisenarten. Eine biologische studie, 166, vii, 176-78. Newell, Paddock & Dean. —Investigations pertaining to Texas beekeeping, 453, Bui. 158. Pinkus, H. — The life history and habits of "Spalangia muscidarum," a parasite of Stomoxys, 5, xx, 148-158. Beutenmuller, W. — A n. sp. of Amphibolips. A new Andricus from N. J. Description of a new gall fly (Andricus decidua), 420, i, 122-23, 124-25, 131-32. Bischoff, H.— Chrysididae, 194, fasc. 151, 86 pp. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Pseudomasaris bred in California, 102, xv, 107. A leaf cutting bee from Arizona, 179, vi, 425. Ender- lein, G. — Beitrage zur kenntnis aussereuropaischer Ichneumoniden, 136, Ixxiii, 105-144. Ein hervorragender zwitter von "Xylocopa mendozana" aus Argentinicn. Mit einen verzeichnis aller bisher H., 136, Ixxiv, 124-140. Girault, A. A. — More new genera and spe- cies of Chalcidoid H. from Paraguay, 119, 1913, Ab. A., H. 6, 51-69. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 McColloch, J. W. — A parasite of the chinch-bug egg, 5, 1913, 342-3. Peets, W. — Die Panzer'schen H. ausgenommen die Apiden, 299, D, 65-77. Schmiedeknecht, O. — Opuscula Ichneumonologica, Fasc. 35. Tryphoninae (cont.). Weld, L. H. — A new oak gall from Mexico, 420, i, 132-34. ETUDES LEPIDOPTE'ROLOGIE COMPAREE. By CHARLES OBERTHUR. Volume IX, Part I. This part contains an exceedingly important contribution to Ameri- can Lepidopterology, as herein Mr. Oberthiir gives 74 figures in color, of the species of Californian butterflies, described by Dr. Boisduval in the Annals of the Entomological Society of France in 1852 and in the Annals of the Entomological Society of Belgium in 1869. Dr. Boisdu- val's descriptions were often brief and he compared the Californian species with those of Europe in a very few words. It has been quite difficult, on account of the variation in the species of Californian Ly- caenidae and Hesperidae, to be certain about some of Dr. Boisduval's species in reference to those described by Dr. Herman Behr, \\ilham H. Edwards, Henry Edwards and others. By means of these beauti- ful and accurate figures given by Mr. Oberthiir it will be possible to put the study of the Californian diurnal Lepidoptera on a firm founda- tion. American students of these insects owe a great debt of grati- tude to Mr. Oberthiir for so generously supplying figures of these types and recognizing the necessities of the case. It may prove useful at this time to make some comments on the spe- cies in relation to their validity or synonymy. Theda borus Bd. is a synonym of calif ornica Edw. Thecla auretorum Bd. The da spadix H. Edw. is a synonym of this. Thecla sylvinus Bd. This species I do not know, unless it is a race or variety of calif ornica Edw. T. iroides Bd. is a synonym of augustus Kirby. Thecla gryphon Bd. is a western race of niphon Hiibn. Thecla dumetorum is a synonym of rubi Linn. Chrysophanus arota Bd. The species described as virginiensis by Edwards is close but apparently sufficiently distinct for specific rank. Chrysophanus xanthoides Bd. Dione Scud, is close to this. Chrysophanus nivalis Bd. This has erroneously been put into the synonymy in our lists under mariposa. Chrysophanns zeroe Bd. is a synonym of mariposa Reak. Lycacna suasa Bd. is a synonym of fuliginosa Edw. Lycacna antiacis Bd. This must be a rare form. Polyphemus Bd. is the common species in California. L. rhaea Bd. is a synonym of sagitiggera Feld. L. nestos Bd. is a synonym of podarce Felder 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 L. nivium Bd. is a synonym of shasta Edw. L. antaegon Bd. is a synonym of acmon Dbl.-Hew. L. philemon Bd. is a synonym of anna Edw. L. r?<7ta Bd. is a synonym of sonorensis Feld. Pamphila comma Bd. This is close to the variety juba Scud. Pamphila agricola. Siris Edw. is a synonym. Pamphila pratincola. This is not typical of the species and probably represents an aberration or variety. P. campestris Bd. The eastern huron Edw. is the same species. Pamphila sylvanoides Bd. Napa Edw. is a synonym. Pamphila nemorum Bd. Verus Edw. is a synonym. P. vestris Bd. Metacomet Harris is a synonym. Thanaos tristis Bd. Funeralis Scud. -Burg, is probably not a syno- nym. These figures will enable us to make further studies of interest. The available time at present has been too short to study them all carefully and they will be taken up as the species in the various genera are studied more minutely. — HENRY SKINNER. OBITUARY. JULES DESBROCHERS DES LOGES, French Coleopterist, editor of Le Frelon (Chateauroux), died on August 10, 1913, at Tours in his 78th year. The numbers of The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine and The Entomologist for October, 1913, contain obituary notices (the former accompanied by a portrait) of ODO MORANNAL REUTER, the distinguished Finnish entomologist, and. since 1906, one of the twelve honorary fellows of the Entomological Society of London. He died at Abo, on September 2, aged 63. Like our own Uhler, he was totally blind in his later years. No less than 500 papers on Hemiptera (chiefly), Collembola, Thysanoptera and Neuroptera have issued from his pen. His work on the Miridae (Capsidae) and a new classification of the Heteroptera are especially important. He was a member of the zoological faculty of the University of Helsingfors. He had also published both poetry and fiction. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for December, 1913, was mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office on December 4, 1913. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV These cabinets are the best and safest ever designed for the preservation of insects. They are used by the leading museums in the United States. Send for our illustrated booklet describing them. BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. JUST PUBLISHED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL [ISTORY OF THK LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA By Wffl. BARNES, S.B., M.D.. and J. McDUNNOUGH, Ph.D. Dlume I. — No. i. — Revision of the Cossidae. 35 pp., 7 plates $'.50 No. 2. — The Lasiocampid genera Gloveria and its allies. 17 pp., 4 pis i. oo No. 3. — Revision of the Megathymidae. 43 pp., 6 plates . . 1.25 No. 4. — Illustrations of Rare and Typical Lepiduptera.. 57 pp., 27 pis 3.50 No. 5. — Fifty New Specie.s ; Notes on the Genus Alpheias. 44 PP., 5 Pi - • i-5° No. 6. — On the Generic Types of North American Diurnal Lepidoptera. 13 pp 50 To be obtained from R. WM. BARNES - - DECATUR, ILL. NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager Dealers in Insects of all Orders Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae. Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc 74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, U. 8. A. NOVA COLLECTING CASES FOR FIELD WORK STRONG DURABLE CASES. PRICE REASONABLE. S. C. CARPENTER, 49 Oakland Terrace, Hartford, Conn. When Writing Please Mention " Entomological New*." K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York North American and. Exotic Insects of all orders in perfect condition Entomological Supplies Catalogue gratis INSKCT BOXES — We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. N 5/3085 — Plain Box s for Dupiicat-s— Pastebo: rd boxes, com- pressed turf lined with plain pasteboard covers, cloth hinged, for shipping specimens or keeping duplicates. These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more carefully- made than the ones usuall> found in the market. Size 10x151/2 in Each $0.25 Size 8xio>i in Each . 1 6 i— Lepidoptera Box 'improved museum styles of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with vvliite glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton. Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed turf (peat). Per dozen 5.00 Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. Per dozen 6.00 Caution : — Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address in corner of cover. THEKHfCIHEESEFCOl*./. NS/3o85 NS/309I ( For exhibition purposes) NS/3I2I NS/3I2I — K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8xnx2% in. (or to order, S%xio%x2*4 in-) $0.70 Size 12x16x2}! in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1 .20 Size 14x22x2^-2 in. (or to order, 14x22x2)2 in.) 2.00 Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y. PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION : Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration, dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE— Papillo columbus (gundlachianus), the brightest colored American Papilio, very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each : second Quality $1 00 each. Wh«m Writiug Please Mention "Kutouiological News." P. C. Stockhausen. Printer, 53-55 N. 7th Street. Philadelphia. FEBRUARY, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. 2. J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: I.-.-.KA T. CRESSON. J. A. li. REHK. 1'Hlt.IP LAURENT, ERICH DAECKE. H. W. WEN2E< PHILADELPHIA : THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL. SUBSCRIPTION, $2.OO IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $1.90 IN ADVANCE. SINGLE COPIES 25 CENTS Advertising Rates: Per inch, full width of page, single insertion, $1.00 ; a dis- count of ten per cent, on insertions of five months or over. No advertise- ment taken for less than $1.00 — Cash in advance. All remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. All Checks and Money Orders to be made payable to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, 4515 Regent Street, Philadelphia, Pa., from September isth to June I5th, or at the Academy of Natural Sciences from June isth to September BgTPLEASE NOTICE that, beginning with the number for January, 1914, the NEWS will be mailed only to those who have paid their subscriptions. The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it necessary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates : Each printed page or fraction thereof, twenty-five copies, 15 cents ; each half tone plate, twenty-five copies, 20 cents ; each plate of line cuts, twenty- five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. 1,000 PIN LABELS 25 CENTS! At Your Risk. (Add 10< for Registry or Checks) Limit : 25 Characters : 3 Blank or Printed Lines ( 12 Characters in Length.) Additional Characters ic. per 1.000. In Multiples of 1. 000 only ; on Heaviest White Ledger Paper---No Border---4-J'oint Type—About 25 on a Strip---No Trirn- mintr---One Cut Makes a Label. SEND ME ORDER WITH COPY. FOR ANY KIND OK ARTISTlr J'UINTIN(i LARGE 01: SMALL. INDEX CARDS. MAPS, SEX-MARKS, LABELS FOR MINERALS, PLANTS. K<;<;.-! Ktc. IK QUANTITY IS Rir.HT, THICK IS SI'liK To Mr C. V. BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET, STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate IV. 12 GOMPHUS PALLIDUS, ETC.-WILLIAMSON. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. FEBRUARY, 1914. No. 2. CONTENTS: Williamson— Gomphus pallidus and two new related species (Odonata) 49 To our Subscribers 58 Schroers — Preliminary List of Hetero- cera Captured in and around St. Louis, Missouri 59 Crawford— A Recently Described Psyl- lid from East Africa ( Hemip. ) 62 The Latest Work of Prof. O. M. Reuter 65 Memorials to Alfred Russel Wallace... 65 Notice to Authors 65 Girault — Standards of the number of eggs laid by Spiders (Aran.).— Ill 66 Robertson— Origin of Oligotropy of Bees (Hym.) 67 Editorial— The Influence of Insects on Civilization 74 Entomological Literature 75 Review of Legros' Fabre, Poet of Sci- ence 8 r Review of Shelford's Animal Commu- nities in Temperate America 82 Review of Adams' Guide to the Study of Animal Ecology 82, 85 Notice of Transactions of the 2nd Inter- national Congress of Entomology 87 Review of Picado's Les Bromeliacees Epiphytes 87 Doings of Societies — Feldman Collect- ing Social (Dipt., Col., Hym., Lep.) 88 Convocation Week Meetings 92 Obituary— Dr. George William Peck- ham 96 Gomphus pallidus and Two New Related Species (Odonata). By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana. ( Plates IV and V. ) Recently in identifying some dragon flies from Florida col- lected by my father, L. A. Williamson, I had occasion to study a pair of Gomphus taken in copulation by him at Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913. These were evidently (r. pallidus Rambur, but they certainly differed from speci- mens from Texas and Oklahoma which I had at an earlier date also determined as pallidus. When the Florida material was first studied I had referred all my material from Texas and Oklahoma to one species, and, with this idea in mind, I sent rough sketches of the two species to several students in the hopes of learning more of their distribution. Later, when the southwestern material was studied, two species were found to be included in it, to only one of which, submedianus n. sp., my 49 5O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 sketches applied. This correspondence, which will be referred to again, clearly indicates that in recent literature two or more species of dragon flies have been confused under the name of pallidus. I have no doubt of the existence in the genus Gomphus, as generally used, of several subgroups, along the lines indicated by de Selys and Professor Needham. As soon as possible it will be convenient to use these subgroups as genera. But before this can be done an exhaustive study of the approxi- mately seventy species involved will be necessary. At pres- ent no one can use these group names intelligently. These groups have been defined by Professor Needham, so far as imagoes go, in terms not used or emphasized by de Selys, whose groups were based largely on thoracic pattern, though the resultant groupings, in the two cases, have much in com- mon. For example de Selys' Group 5 includes pallidus (and villosipes), lividus, spicatus, ntinuius and exilis. Arigomphus, as used by Needham, includes \pallidus, villosipes, spicatus and other species not known to de Selys in 1858, the date of the Monographic. Lividus and exilis are placed in another group by Needham, who has not discussed minutus. As stated above the groups require accurate definition. So far as de Selys goes, stpicatus and exills, at least, should not be associated with pallidus; and in Needham's arrangement it is certainly a mistake to separate exilis and spicatus, for example. Arigomphus is defined (Aquatic Insects Adirondacks, p. 447-8) as having two cells between the base of veins Ai and A2 at their origin. Five males and one female of villosipes, selected at random, all have a single cell. Three males of cornutus, which is an Arigomphus, have two wings with one cell, and four wings with two. This character is tabulated below for the material discussed in this paper. To the shape of the apex of abdominal segment 8 some importance may attach, but the character is difficult of accurate definition (see Fig. 8, and ex- planation). As to the hind femora in the two sexes, I have examined thirty species of which I have both sexes, and the femora are different in the sexes in all of them. In the males Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 the last femur has short or very short subequal numerous spines or teeth, and no hair, sparse non-concealing hair, or long dense hair. In the females the spines on the apical half or two-thirds of the femur are longer and sparser than on the basal portion. But hairiness in the male is not a characteristic of Arigom- phus. In fact, it is not evident why Professor Needham in- cluded spicatus in Arigoinphus; and in furcifer, which I agree with him belongs in Arigomphns, the femur has very sparse hair, and the term hairy could better be applied to viridifrons, brevis and abbreviatus, for example. The position of the pos- terior ham'ule of the male seems a valuable character, though applicable only to the one sex. Not wishing at this time to discuss these subgroups of Gom- phus, it is nevertheless necessary, in order to give some idea of the relationships of the two new species described in this paper, to point out some characters which they possess in com- mon with others of the genus. Briefly some of these charac- ters are as follows : Thorax green, varying in shade with age, sex and species, and with distinct markings if present confined to the region of the mid-dorsal carina and the humeral suture. Face without dark markings. Legs robust, hind femora ex- tending beyond the auricles ; in the male with short subequal spines and more or less hair; in the female without hair, or with very sparse hair, and with unequal spines, many of which exceed the spines of the male and which are longest at about two-thirds the length of the femur. Posterior hamule of male directed posteriorly; posterior edge of seminal vesicle, seen in profile, distinctly concave or excavated. Vulvar lamina one- fourth to one-half length of segment 9, triangular, apex di- vided for a short distance with the branches pressed together or parallel. North America, east of the Rocky Mountains. The species may be grouped as follows : Legs dark, last femora black; furcifer, villosipes, cornutus, lentulus,1 australis.1 1 Australis and lentulus are known to me only from descriptions. So far as I know, only the types are known, unless a male, referred by Muttkowski to lentulus, should prove to be that species (New Records 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Legs paler, last femora largely pale; pallidus, submedianus, subaipicalis. MATERIAL EXAMINED AND LITERATURE. Gomphus pallidus Rambur. Through the great kindness of Mons. Guillaume Severin and Mr. Samuel Henshaw, I have been able to study the classical material of de Selys and Hagen. De Selys' material consists of one male and three females, including the two female types of Rambur. In addition Mons. Severin sent me the single specimen of G. villosipes in the de Selys collection.. For con- venience I have designated these specimens numerically. De Selys i, — G. villosipes male, a slightly teneral, badly faded speci- men, labelled in de Selys' hand, "G. villosipes $, Philadelphia, Cal- vert.'>!| This is lightly smaller and less robust than Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois specimens in my collection. However, I believe all represent a single species. De Selys 2, — labelled, "Gomphus pilipes. Hag. $ ( $ de pallidus.") "N. America.". "Gomphus pallidus R. $ ." De Selys 3,— labelled "Gomphus pallidus R. $ ." of WSs. Drf. Vol. IX, April 1911, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., pp. 36, 37, plate IV. "A single male in the Brooklyn Museum, locality un- known.") The type of lentulus is stated to be in the collection of Mr. C. A. Hart, but this is a mistake as the following quotation from a letter of April 21, 1913, from Mr. Hart shows: "As to lentulus a university student captured it, and I attempted to name it. It was badly broken and I attempted to mend it; in so doing I disturbed the genitalia, but as I had already studied these carefully and they seemed unlike anything I had ever seen, I managed to keep them about as they were. The question of the location of the type has come up before. I can only say that it is not in the State Laboratory Collections, so far as I know, and that I have no dragonfly collection." This loss is the more unfortunate from the fact that lentulus, like australis, was not figured, nor were characters for separating them from their closest allies pointed out. It seems to me that australis is probably not closely related to species included under Arigomphus in this paper. The larva of australis (supposition) is known, but it is possibly pal- lidus, since the Illinois specimens, described by Needham and Hart as pallidus, are not that species. *[As I never obtained villosipes in Philadelphia, it is likely that this specimen is from one of the Pennsylvania localities cited on p. 245, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. xx, with my original locality label displaced. — P. P. CAI.VERT.] Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 De Selys 4, — one of Rambur's types, labelled, "Collect Latreille," then below this is a red ink margined label, one end of which has been torn off, on which is written in red ink "Amer. Sept.," following which is some character which may be a continuation of the abbrevia- tion of 'septentrionale,' but which resembles the figure 6 with a long comma or figure 7 below it as much as anything. It is hardly pos- sible, however, that this is a date, September 6. Below this label is a small rectangle of gilt paper. De Selys 5, — the other of Rambur's types, a small label " 9 ," below this a label similar to the red-inked label of the other type, but in this case the ink is faded to brown, and one end of the label is cut off obliquely, instead of being torn, on which is written a word the first four letters of which are plainly "Pari," but the last letter or character of which I cannot be sure; this is the label "Paris" of Rambur ; below this label is a bit of gilt paper, as in the other type, and below this a long narrow label "G. pallidus." The entire abdomen of this specimen is lost. Hagen's material consists of 3 males and i female: Hagen i, — a ten- eral male bears Hagen's printed label "Hagen" and "Florida, Thaxter." Hagen 2, — a male in good condition, labelled "Ft. Reed, Fla., Apr. 26, '76," and "Gomphus pallidus Rbr." Hagen 3, — a male, with abd. appendages broken off, labelled "New Orleans," "G. pallidus Rbr." "Gom.phus pilipes Hagen, $ a vous" (on this label is glued the thoracic sclerite from between the front wings), "G. pilipes Sel." This is the type of pilipes. Hagen 4, — a female in good condition, with the printed label "Hagen" and "G. pallidus Rbr., Georgia" and a word I cannot decipher followed by 7 (de Selys records pallidus from Georgia in May). In my collection, a pair, in copulation, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson. The references to the literature of pallidus cited by Kirby, Catalogue p. 64, all relate to papers by de Selys and Hagen, and all I believe refer to true pallidus. In two places in the Monographic de Selys re- fers, apparently inadvertently, to pallidus as pollens, p. 148 (408), and 415 (675). In the Dragonflies of Indiana, 1899, p. 291, and in Additions to the Ind. List, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 176, two females from Elkhart Co., Indiana, collected by R. J. ,Weith are recorded as G. pallidus. One of these specimens is in the Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Col- lection and Dr. Calvert writes that the occiput is very close to my sketch of subr.iedianus. It is probable that both Weith's specimens are submedianus. Needham, Can. Ent. 1897, P- i66» and Needham and Hart, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Sept. 1901, pp. 14, 16, 67, 77, 79-8i and 87, refer to Illinois specimens as pallidus. Letters were written to both Professor Need- ham and Mr. Hart. Professor Needham writes : "Clearly there are 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 two things we have been calling G. pallidus. I have male specimens from the type locality and both sexes from Florida that correspond exactly with your sketches of pallidus. I have many others from Galesburg, 111. (determined long since, when I first began collecting, for me by Kellicott) that agree with your sketches of submedianus. And I have no intermediates." Mr. Hart kindly sent me drawings of the postocellary vertical ridge of the male and of the occipita of the 2 females in the State Laboratory Collection. Evidently the specimens are submedianus. Calvert, Occas. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. VII, 1905, p. 20, reports pallidus from Waltham, Mass. (Hagen). This record probably refers to true pallidus. Dr. Calvert in addition to notes on the Weith specimen from In- diana, mentioned above, sent me notes on the other specimens in the Phila. Acad. Two males from Texas are submedianus or subapicalis (these two species were not distinguished in my correspondence with Dr. Calvert) ; a Florida male is intermediate, so far as my sketches of the postocellary vertical ridge go, between pallidus and sub- medianus, this specimen is doubtless pallidus. A female from Thomas- ville, Georgia, is pallidus. Wilson, Drf. Cumberland Valley in Ky. and Tenn., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., September, 1912, pp. 192 and 199 states "that the river is entirely patrolled by pallidus." It is impossible to state what species is here referred to. I wrote to Mr. Currie for data on pallidus in the U. S. Nat. Mus. A male, labelled Texas, is submedianus or subapicalis; a female from Missouri and a female from Henderson Co., Illinois, are submedianus. These are the only specimens under the label pallidus in the Nat. Mus. Three other references in literature to G. pallidus do not record any- thing of interest in this connection. Gomphus submedianus n. sp. Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907, $ (type) and teneral $ ; Williams Lake, Matagorda, Texas, May 26, 1907, $ ; Wister, Oklahoma, June 3, $ , and June 4, 1907, 3 $ , i 9 . Association of the sexes supposition only. For literature see under pallidus. For description of localities see under sub- apicalis. Gomphus subapicalis n. sp. Bay City, Texas, May 24, $ (type), and May 27, 1907, 9 ; Williams Lake, Matagorda County, Texas, May 26, 1907, $ . Association of the sexes supposition only. For literature see under pallidus. On May 24 I collected near Bay City, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 Texas, by pools along the railroad to Brownsville. Both submedianus and subdpicalis were taken, but were not distin- guished at the time. The two species were associated again at Williams Lake on May 26. On June 3 and 4 submedianus was taken at an artificial lake along the Frisco R. R. about 1 1/2 miles north of Wister, Oklahoma. CHARACTERS OF PALLIDUS, SUBMEDIANUS AND SUBAPICALIS. Size. — Abdomen : pallidus, male 39-42, female 40-43 ; submedianus, male 38-41, female 39-42; subapicalis, male 39-40, female 40. Hind wing: pallidus, male 31-33, female 34-36; submedianus, male 30-33, female 35-39! subapicalis, male 31-34, female 36. Head. — Face unmarked, apparently yellowish green in submedianus and subapicalis, and paler green, without yellowish, in pallidus. In Rambur's types, de Selys 4 and 5, much discoloration is evident ; in 4 entire face and frons above are brown; and in 5 the frons, both in front and above, is sharply brown. The color pattern of the frons at its base above is distinct in the three species ; in pallidus there is a brown basal stripe of practically uniform width, if anything widest at the middle ; in submedianus the stripe is distinctly notched or nar- rowed in front of the median ocellus; and in subapicalis it is re- duced to two spots, one on each side of and in front of the median ocellus, these spots joined medianally in the single female. The entire vertex is dark brown, almost black, in pallidus; in submedianus it is paler, and the postocellary vertical ridge is still paler and greenish, only slightly darker, especially along the anterior border, than the frons and the occiput; subapicalis is fairly intermediate between the two others in this character. Fig. 28 is of the postocellary ridge in a Florida male of pallidus; Hagen's I and 2 have the ridge much like figure 31 ; pallidus and submedianus males which might be confused by the form of the appendages, are certainly clearly separated by the form and color of this ridge. Thorax. — Green, apparently inclining to brownish in pallidus and yellowish green in the other two. So far as I can detect in the pallidus before me there is no dorsal stripe on either side of the carina, and the carina itself is pale excepting at the median angle. Tn submedianus and subapicalis the carina is dark above the median angle, and there is a very narrow dorsal stripe on either side, or this reduced to a vestige or, in one male of subapicalis, entirely want- ing. (This variation, I believe, is not entirely due to post-mortem changes.) (In the single female referred to subapicalis the thoracic markings are the most developed of any specimen before me ; in this case the dorsal stripes are wide and long, and closely approach the middorsal carina). Antehumeral brown stripe present (wanting in 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 some pallidus due to post-mortem changes or loss of thoracic con- tents), widest and most definite in submedianus and subapicalis. The humeral stripe, like the antehumeral, in pallidus is narrow, obscure, and scarcely evident ; in submedianus it is reduced to a line, in striking contrast to the well developed antehumeral ; in subapicalis it is nearly as wide as the antehumeral. Venation between Ai and Az, I,. Two cells of about equal size in first series1, Ai angled3: sub- medianus, 2 male wings, 20% ; subapicalis, 3 male wings, 75%. II. Two cells in first series, the proximal one of these two long and narrow, Ai not angled : pallidus, 9 male wings, 90%, 4 female wings, 40% ; submedianus, i female wing, 16.7%. III. One cell in first series, Ai angled : pallidus, i male wing, 10% ; submedianus, 8 male wings, 80%. 3 female wings, 50% ; subapicalis, i male wing, 25%, I female wing, 50%. IV. One cell in first series. Ai not angled : pallidus. 6 female wings, 60%; submedianus, 2 female wings, 33.3%; subapicalis, i female wing, 50%. Legs. — Light brown in pallidus, femora darker apically and dorsally, tibiae gray dorsally, tarsus black, second joint of last tarsus gray, and first joint of same tarsus gray in the middle; last femora with some hair in the female, and in the male almost covered with brown pile. In the other two species the femora are not nearly so hairy, and there is a distinct color pattern of dark on a ground color paler than the light brown of pallidus. In submedianus the legs are green or yellowish green, the femora apically and dorsally black ; the tibiae black ventrally and, in sharp contrast, yellow dorsally, tarsus patterned as in pallidus, but the middle joint of the middle legs shows more or less pale also; from the apical black of the last femur three fine lines run basally on the dorsal surface of the femur, two of these are anterior (external) and the other is posterior (internal), the apical black occupies I to 2 mm., and the black lines, except sometimes the most anterior one and the posterior one in the male, do not reach the base of the femur. Subapicalis is similar to submedianus, but on the last femora the apical black is more extensive and the lines are less developed, the posterior scarcely evident, and the two anterior lines shorter than in submedianus. Abdomenj — The abdominal markings are generality obscure, ill- defined and difficult of description. Probably this is true of the majority of these insects in life, and more generally true of dried material. In the absence of any notes on living colors and with 1 In all wings examined there are 2 cells in the second series. 2Ai varies from distinctly angled to straight in the entire series of wings examined, so the description as angled or straight is, in some cases, arbitrary. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate V. GOMPHUS PALLIDUS, ETC. -WILLIAMSON. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 the material before me, it seems that any detailed descriptions might be more misleading than otherwise. The absence of any extensive, well defined area of black is at once a conspicuous character. In pallidus a dorsal interrupted green or yellowish green stripe, con- tinued from the pale area between the wings, extends from 1-7, this stripe bordered by brown which shades out indefinitely ventrally, ex- cepting on i and 2, where, as generally in the genus, the color pattern is better defined, the sides below of these two segments being similar to the pale thoracic colors; 8-10 are brown or yellowish brown, 10 the lightest color and possibly in the male sometimes yellow. In the females of the other two species the color pattern is essentially similar, but in the males of these two, segments 3-6 are largely pale, the color of the middorsal stripe, with apical dark brown spots on either side of the dorsum. In submedianus male segments 7-10 are similarly colored, orange or golden brown, with 10 paler. In subapicalis, on the other hand, segment 7 more closely resembles 6 (rather than 8) as in pallidus. Abdominal appendages, male. — Yellow or yellowish brown in color, extreme apex and tubercle of the superiors and the apex of each branch of the inferior black or dark brown. In pallidus and sub- medianus the ventral tubercle is placed near the middle of the superior appendage ; in subapicalis it is placed beyond the middle and in size is reduced to a minimum, the maximum being reached in pallidus. The appendages of pallidus and submedianus are very similar. When the appendages are in the position shown in Figs. 18 and 27, in pallidus the dorsal and inner edge of the right superior appendage is straight or a flat uniform curve; in submedianus this edge has a distinct angle at the base of the needle-like apex, as though the edge were wrinkled or folded. Vulvar lamina, female. — In de Selys' 3 and 4 and Hagen's 4 the vulvar lamina lies close to the abdomen, but little erected ; in my material in every case the lamina is more erect, and the maximum in this direction is shown in fig. 10. I believe that the position of the lamina in this respect is largely a matter of chance, since there is apparently nothing in the form of the lamina of fig. 10 to prevent it being closely appressed to the abdomen. EXPLANATION OF PLATES IV AND V. Four half tone figures from drawings from Mons. Guillaume Severin. Upper two, Gomphus pallidus, de Selys No. 2; lower two, Gomphus villosipcs, de Selys No. i. All the numbered figures are of the same magnification. Figs. 1-12, Gomphus subapicalis; figs. 1-8, male; figs. 9-12, female, i, 2, 3, dorsal, ventral and lateral views of abdominal appendages ; 4, anterior lamina ; 5, accessory genitalia ; 6, postocellary vertical ridge, 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 dorsal view; 7, occiput; 8, right profile of apex of abdominal seg- ment 8 and base of 9 of two specimens, superimposed and with dorsa coinciding; solid line, Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907, (the specimen from which figs. 1-7 are drawn), dotted line, Williams Lake, Matagorda County, Texas, May 26, 1907. This figure shows the difficulty or impossibility of using the shape of the apex of 8 as a definite character. Fig. 9, vulvar lamina ; 10, left profile of abdominal segment 9, showing position of vulvar lamina; n, postocellary ver- tical ridge, dorsal view ; 12, occiput. All female figures from a specimen from Bay City, Texas, May 27, 1907. Figs. 13-23, Gomphus submedianus; figs. 13-20, male, Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907; figs. 21-23, female, Wister, Oklahoma, June 4, 1907. 13, 14, 15, lateral, dorsal and ventral views of abdominal ap- pendages; 16, accessory genitalia; 17, anterior lamina; 18, left superior abdominal appendage, externo-dorsal view; 19, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view; 20, occiput; 21, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view ; 22, occiput ; 23, vulvar lamina. Figs. 24-35, Gomphus pallidus; figs. 24-29, male, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson; figs. 30-35, female. 24, accessory genitalia ; 25, ventral view of inferior abdom- inal appendage ; 26, anterior lamina ; 27, left superior abdominal ap- pendage, externo-dorsal view ; 28, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view; 29, occiput; 30, vulvar lamina, de Selys No. 4; 31, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson (this specimen in copulation with male of figs. 24-29) ; 32, occiput, de Selys No. 3 ; 33, occiput, de Selys No. 5 ; 34, occiput, de Selys No. 4 ; 35, occiput, same data as for fig. 31. To Our Subscribers. It may be of interest to some to know that we have no way of ascertaining whether or not a subscriber wishes to renew except by receiving an order or payment from him. So we have stopped send- ing the NEWS on expiration of subscriptions. We have in the past tried to judge who would be likely to renew, but even then some of our oldest subscribers have discontinued after we have sent them several numbers. These copies are seldom returned and we cannot afford to lose them. This is responsible for the scarcity of the early issues of some of the back volumes. Every cent saved in the running expenses is utilized to the betterment of our journal, and we are trying to reduce such expenses wherever possible. One way is by sending all numbers at the rate of one cent per pound in- stead of one cent per four ounces. Thus tardy renewers have to wait until the next issue for their back numbers. The success of an Entomological Journal is partly due to giving its subscribers the best production for the money received. We therefore beg our subscribers to help us in reducing our expenses by reading our instructions on second page of cover and by having patience. The fact that the magazine is stopped is in no way a reflection on the honesty or financial standing of the individual. Vol. xx v] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 Preliminary List of Heterocera Captured in and around St. Louis, Missouri. Sphingidae to Sesiidae Arranged According to Dyar's List of North American Lepidoptera. Compiled by PAUL A. SCHROERS, St. Louis, Mo. (Continued from Vol. XXIV, page 463.) 2810. Catocala lacrymosa Guen. a. ulalume Sir. b. paulina Ed- wards. c. emilia Edw. d. evelina French. e. zelica F. 2811 viduata Guen. 2813 vidua Sin. & Ab. 2814 dejecta Sir. 2815 retecta Gr. a. luctuosa Hulst. 2816 flebilis Gr. 2817 robinsonii Gr. a. curvata Fr. 2819 obscura Str. a. simulatilis Gr. 2820 residua Gr. 2821 insolabilis Guen. 2822 angusi Gr. a. lucetta Edw. 2823 Judith Str. 2827 cara Guen. a. sylvia Edw. b. carissima Hulst. 2828 amatrix Hilb. a. nurus Walk. 2829 marmorata Edw. 2841 junctura Walk. 2848 unijuga Walk. 2857 parta Guen. 2858 coccinata G"r. 2864 ultronia Hub. a. celia JEdw. b. mopsa Edw. c. adriana Edw. 2865 Catocala ilia Cr. a. zoe 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2881 2882 2887 2888 2891 2892 2894 2898 2900 b. uxor Guen. c. osculata Hulst. innubens Guen. a. flavidalis Gr. b. hinda Fr. c. scintillans Gr. nebulosa Edw. piatrix Gr. dyonisa H. Edw. neogama Sm. & Ab. a. communis Gr. b. snowiana Gr. subnata Gr. cerogama Guen. paleogama Guen. a. annida Eager. b. phalanga Gr. censors Sm. & Ab. illecta Walk. serena Edw. habilis Gr. a. basalis Gr. clintonii Gr. nuptialis Walk. polygama Guen. a. crataegi Soun- ders. b. mira Gr. amasia Sm. & Ab. a. virens French. fratercula d. timandra H. Edw. e. hero H. Edw. i. gisela Meyer. praeclara Gr. &• Rob. 6o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 2901 2902 2903 2904 2906 2907 2911 2915 2920 2921 2922 2923 2940 2946 2953 2962 2971 2973 2977 2979 2983 2986 3006 3007 3012 3013 3019 3039 3058 3059 3062 3066 dulciola Gr. grynea Cr. alabamae Gr. titania Dodge. minuta Edw. a. parvula Edw. arnica Hub. a. lineella Gr. b. nerissa H. Edw. Euparthenos nubilis Hub. a. apache Po- ling. Phoberia atomaris Hub. Panopoda rufimargo Hub. a. carneicosta Guen. b. roseicosta. Parallelia bistriaris Hub. Agnomonia anilis Dr. Remigia repanda F'ab. Phurys vinculum Guen. Celiptera frustulum Guen. Strenoloma lunilinea Gr. Trama detrahens Walk. Yrias clientis Gr. repentis Gr. Zale horrida Hub. Pheocyma lunifera Hub. Ypsia undularis Dr. Homoptera lunata Dr. a. edusa Dr. Erebus odora L. Thysania zenobia Cr., one specimen, by Mr. L. Schnell. 'Epizeuxis lubricalis Geyer. denticulalis Har. Zanclognatha laevigata Gr. ochreipennis Gr. Chytolita morbidalis Guen. Palthis angulalis Hub. asopialis Guen. Salia interpuncta Gr. Bomolacha bijugalis Wlk. 3067 scutellaris Gr. 3068 albalinealis Wlk. 3069 madefactalis Guen. 3073 deceptalis Wlk. 3079 Platypena scabra Fab. 3080 Hypena humuli Har. NOTODONTIDAE. 3091 Apatelodes angelica Gr. 3092 Melalophia apicalis Walk. 3098 Datana ministra Dr. 3100 angusi Gr. & Rob. 3108 integerrima Gr. & Rob. 3111 Hypereschra stragula Gr. 3112 georgica Her.- Sch. 3113 tortuosa Tep- per. 3118 Pheosia dimidiata Hcr.-Sch. 3121 Lophondonta angulosa Pack. 3123 Nadata gibbosa Sm. & Ab. 3125 Symmerista albifrons Sm. & Ab. 3133 Heterocampa obliqua Pack. 3137 manteo Doubleday- 3142 bilineata Pack. 3143 Misogada unicolor Pack. 3145 lanassa lignicolor Walk. 3148 Schizura ipomoeae Double- day. 3149 concinna Sm. & Ab. 3153 badia Gr. 3162 Harpyia cinerea Walk. 3165 Fentonia marthesia Cr. 3170 Ellida caniplaga Wlk. THYATIRIDAE. 3180 Euthyatira pudens Guen. LIPARIDAE. 3189 Heterocampa vetusta Boisd. Vol. xx v] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 6l 3190 leucostigma Sm. & Ab. 3192 definita Pack. 3196 Porthetria dispar L., one specimen. 3198 Doa ampla Gr. 2,222 Heteropacha rileyana Har. PLATYPTERYGIDAE. 3226 Oreta rosea Walk. 3229 Drepana arcuata Walk. GEOMETRIDAE. 3232 Dyspteris abortivaria Her.- Sch. 3234 Nyctobia limitata Wlk. 3248 Eudule mendica Wlk. 3260 Nannia refusata Wlk. 3262 Heterophleps triguttaria Her.-Sch. 3294 Tephroclystis absinthiata Clerk. 3323 Eucymatoge intestinata Guen. 3332 Euchoeca albovittata Guen. 3340 Hydria undulata L. 3348 Eustroma diversilineata Hub. 3354 atrocolorata Gr. 3359 Rheumaptera hastata L. 3370 Percnoptilotia fluviata Hub. 3374 Mesoleuca lacustrata Guen. 3416 Triphosa duhitata L. 3436 Marmopteryx marmorata Pack. 3468 Haematopsis grattaria Fab. 3469 Erastria amaturaria Wlk. 3480 Cosymbia lumenaria Hub. 3486 Synelis alabaslaria Hiib. 3530 Eois ossularia Hiib. 3546 inductata Guen. 3550 sideraria Guen. 3561 Chloroclamys chloroleucaria Gr. Sciagrapha heliothidota Pack. mellistrigata Gr. Philobia enotata Guen. Cymatophora tenebfosata Hulst. Sympherta tripunctaria Paraphia subatomaria Wood. a. unipuncta Haw. Tornos scolopacinarius Guen. Selidosoma humarium Guen. Cleora pampinaria Guen. Melanolophia canadaria 3581 Synchlora liquoraria Guen. 3604 Eufidonia notataria Wlk. 3614 Mellila inextricata var. a. xanthometata 3651 3664 3667 3722 3/47 3803 3814 3838 3850 3858 3862 3864 3865 3867 3908 3911 3916 3922 3923 3925 3932 3934 3939 3944 3956 3961 3957 Ectropis crepuscularia Denis. Epimecis virginaria CV. Lycia ursaria Wlk. cognataria Guen. Therina endropiaria Gr. Rob. fervidaria Hiib. Eugonobapta nivosaria & Ennomos subsignarius Hiib. magnarius Guen. Xanthotype crocataria Fab. Plagodis emargataria Guen. Hyperitis amicaria H?r.- Sr/z, Ania limbata Haw. Gonodontis duaria Guen. Euchlaena obtusaria Hiib. amoenaria Guen. effectaria 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 3965 pectinaria Denis. 4007 Caberodes confusaria Hiib. 4011 Tetrads crocallata Guen. 4013 Sabulodes sulphurata Pack. 4026 transversata Dr. 4028 Abbottana clemataria Sm. &• Ab. LACOSOMIDAE. 4059 Cicinnus melsheimeri Har. 4060 Lacosoma chiridota Gr. PSYCHIDAE. 4065 Thyridopterix ephemerae- formis Hw. COCHLIDIIDAE. 4080 Euclea chloris Her.-Sch. 4092 Prolimacodes scapha Har. 4094 Cochlidon biguttata Pack. 4096 Y-inversa Pack. MEGALOPYGIDAE. 4108 Carama cretata Gr. 4110 Lagoa crispata Pack. THYRIDAE. 4131 Thyris maculata Har. 4147 Prionoxystus robiniae Peck. 4160 Hypopta anna Dyar. SESIIDAE. 4162 Melittia satyriniformis Hiib. 4188 Aegeria apiformis Clerk. 4221 Sesia acerni Clemens. A Recently Described Psyllid from East Africa (Hemip.). By D. L. CRAWFORD, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Specimens of an interesting Psyllid affecting fig trees in East Africa, submitted to the writer by Dr. L. O. Howard for determination, prove to be identical with a species recently described by Robert Newstead, from Nyasaland. A new genus, Pseuderiopsylla, was erected by Newstead for the spe- cies, which he called nyasae n. sp. There is a very close re- semblance between this African species and a species described earlier, from the Island of Formosa, by Kuwayama. The relationship is so close, moreover, that the two species cannot be considered as generically distinct. The description of Macrohomotoma Kuwayama was apparently overlooked by Newstead, for otherwise a new genus would not have been erected. Pseuderiopsylla Newstead may, therefore, be con- sidered a synonym of Macrohomototna Kuwayama. MACROHOMOTOMA Kuwayama. Kuwayama, S. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. II :i79, 1907. Pseuderiopsylla Newstead, R. Bui. of Ent. Research, II: 105, 1911. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63 Body large, robust ; head as broad as thorax, deflexed ; ver- tex broad, more or less cleft in front ; genal cones entirely wanting; frons not covered by genae, but visible as a narrow sclerite from front ocellus to clypeus ; front ocellus above ; antennae short, about as long as width of head. Thorax large ; pronotum very short. Forewings large, hyaline, transparent, acute at apex ; pterostigma unusually large, elliptical ; marginal cells very large ; branching of veins similar in type to Carsi- dara. Type of genus: Macrohomotoma gladiatum Kuwayama (loc. cit, p. 180). The genus shows a distinct relationship to Carsidarinae, although the head is not so deeply cleft in front and there is no basal spur on the hind tibiae, as there is in many of the other genera placed in this subfamily (Crawford — Pomona Journ. Ent., Ill, p. 381, 1911). Synopsis of the Species. A. Cubital vein before its furcation as long as stem of media and ctibitus ; pterostigma black apically ; female genital segment very short M. gladiatum Kuway. AA. Cubitus exceedingly short before furcation, many times shorter than stem of media and cubitus ; pterostigma not black apically ; female genital segment long and slender M. nyasae (Newst.) Macrohomotoma nyasae (Newstead). Syn. — Pseudcriopsylla nyasae Newstead — loc. cit. p. 105, 1911. Length of body (male) 2.9 mm.; (female) 3.3 mm.; length of fore- wing 5.2 to 5.6 mm. General color reddish brown to chocolate brown ; dorsal portion of scutellum and posterior part of dorsulum, vertex, male genitalia, and legs, lighter brown to ochraceous ; venter of abdomen whitish. Head very broad, as broad as thorax, greatly deflexed ; vertex nearly twice as broad as long, coarsely punctate, with a deep fovea on each side of median line posteriorly and a deep sulcus connecting them; front margin somewhat cleft, but not as much as in Carsidara; front ocellus easily visible from above. Genal cones entirely want- ing; frons narrowly visible between genae. Antennae slender, about as long as width of head, black at tip. Thorax very large, broad and strongly arched ; pronotum very short, sometimes mostly concealed behind posterior margin of head; dorsulum longer than broad ; raetanotum produced at posterior end 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 into three erect contiguous, tuberculous processes. Legs short, thick ; hind tibiae with four black spines at apex., Forewings very large, two and a half times as long as broad, acutely pointed at apex, costal margin more strongly arched ; marginal cells unusually large, subequal ; Cu very short; pterostigma more opaque than rest of wing Macrohomotoma nyasae (Newstead).— A, head, dorsal view; B, forceps of male, posterior view; C, male genitalia, lateral view; D, forewing. surface; primary furcation very near to base of wing. (I find no traces of the supernumerary vein between Rs and the pterostigma, as shown by NeWstead. Either he examined an anomolous wing or else examined the wing on the insect and mistook the costa of the hind wing beneath for this vein.) Hind wings small, transparent. Abdomen large ; male anal valve about as long as forceps, cylin- drical and truncate at apex, with the anus occupying most of trun- cate surface ; — with a long, lateral, sinuate prolongation extending caudad to base of forceps (cf. fig. C). Forceps long, stout, acutely pointed at apex, carinate at base on outside ; pubescence conspicuous. Female genital segment long and very slender, longer than rest of abdomen, dorsal valve longer than ventral, both acute at tip. Described from one male and one female, collected at Lou- rengo Marquez, Portuguese East Africa (C. W. Howard), on leaves and fruit of Ficus sp., July 13, 1908. A thick, white, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65 floccose substance is excreted by the nymphs and adults and renders their presence very conspicuous. These floccose fila- ments are unusually long and are sticky to the touch. Newstead described this species as affecting a native fig ("Kachire"), on the northwest shore of Lake Nyasa, Nyasa- land, Africa. Although I have not seen Newstead's specimens, there can be little doubt but that the specimens before me are identical with those from Nyasa. Nymph : Rather circular in outline, flattened, strikingly colored ; brownish, with a median dorsal white stripe from anterior end to base of abdomen and a transverse white band on meso- and meta- thorax, connecting with "a white stripe -around the inner margin of wing pads. Abdomen basally with four narrow, transverse black bands, and caudad with a bilateral pair of brown rings with a brown spot in the center of each. Margin of body with slender hairs; sur- face sparsely hairy. Length i to 2.5 mm. The nymphs excrete and cover themselves with a dense, white, flocculent, sticky substance, as noted above. Eggs: — "Pale yellow, when empty pearly white. They are laid upon the surface of the leaves and are protected by a layer of white and rather densely felted wax, the latter extending beyond eggs for some considerable distance." (Newstead). The Latest Work of Prof. O. M. Reuter. Tn Science for January 9. 1914. Prof. W. M. Wheel er has a two-page notice of Prof. Renter's Lebensgewohnheiten nnd Instinkte der Inscktcn bis zum Erwachcn dcr soclalen Instinkte. This is a German translation from the Swedish manuscript and was revised by the author shortly be- fore his death, to which regrettable event attention was called in the NEWS for January. Memorials of Alfred Russel Wallace. Science states that it is proposed to place a memorial to Alfred Rus- sel Wallace in Westminster Abbey, a statue or bust in the British Mu- seum of Natural History, and a portrait in the Royal Society's gallery. Contributions for these purposes may be sent to the Union of London and Smith Bank, Holborn Circus, London, E. C. Notice to Authors. Authors publishing entomological articles in non-entomological jour- nals, who desire to have such articles noted in our current literature list, will do well to send copies of them to ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS, i<,i>'> Race St., Philadelphia. Pa. After note lias been made of the ?ain<-. they will be deposited in the library of the American Entomological Society. 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Standards of the number of eggs laid by Spiders (Aran.)— III.* Being Averages Obtained by Actual Count of the Combined Eggs of Twenty (20) Depositions or Masses. By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), North Queensland, Australia. 3. ULOBOROUS GENICULATUS Oliv. No. Date counted— 1912 No. counted per mass Successive Totals Av. per Egg Mass Max. Min. Range I May i 140. 140. 140. 140. 2 IOI. 241- 120. 3 108. 349- "3- 4 70. 419. 105. 5 68. 488. 98. 6 78. 566. 94- 7 107. 673. 96. 8 127. 800. IOO. 9 97- 897. IOO. 10 73- 970. 97- ii 134. 1104. IOO. 12 in. 1215. IOI. 13 May 5 94- 1309. IOI. 14 JoS. 1417. IOI. 15 89. 1506. IOO. 16 71- 1577- 9Q. 17 60. 1637- 96. 60. 80 18 May 6 87. 1724. 96. 19 82. 1806. 95- 20 119. I925- 96. 20 I925. 96. 140. 60. 80 The above eggs were obtained from a number of nests in a private residence used as a field laboratory on the edge of the little hamlet of Nelson (Cairns District), North Queensland, Australia, the first week in May, 1912. The species was kindly identified for me by Mr. W. J. Rainbow, of the Australian Museum, Sydney. Three egg bags to the nest seem to be the average per female, but the following observations show that as many as six may be deposited. A female kept under obser- vation from April 30, 1912 (snbpended in an isolated web across part of the frame of a rude ladder on the back veranda) made a fresh cast a day or two previously and another on May 10, so that she became mature not until the night of * For the first two of this series, see ENT. NEWS, XXII, pp. 461 ; XXIV, p. 213. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 May. 9. Mating was not observed. On May 29 (early A. M.), or about twenty days after reaching maturity, the first cocoon of eggs was found suspended in the nest ; and the second very early in the morning of June 10. Early in the morning of June 21 the third mass was deposited and the fourth about the same time July 4. The four cocoons were then suspended in the nest above the center in one corner, the first above and the other three in a nearly straight line below it, all taken together forming a triangle of which the second made the middle of the base directly below the first, the triangle's apex. The fifth mass was deposited during the night of July 30-31, and the sixth August 26-27. The female disappeared on September 6, 1912. All of these eggs were fertile. Nos. 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9, 15 and 16, and 18 and 19 (in the table) were from the same nest, each couple being the second and third bags from the respective females, the first having hatched; No. II was the fourth mass from a nest, the three others having hatched; the other numbers were first or second masses. The number of eggs which may be laid by some spiders is illustrated by the contents of a medium-sized, hemispherical egg mass, covered with a silk cap found placed flat against a board at Paris, Texas, in March, 1904. It contained two thou- sand one hundred and three compact, round, yellow eggs, Unfortunately the species was unknown. Origin of Oligotropy of Bees (Hym.)«* By CHARLES ROBERTSON, Carlinville, Illinois. In this journal, volume 24: 104, Mr. Lovell replies to some criticisms made in the number for December, 1912, Vol. 23: 457- The statement about Bpeolus, quoted from the Botanical Gazette 28: 35, July, 1899, was corrected two months after- ward on page 215 of the same journal, where it is also re- [*This article was received in July, 1913, but has not been published at an earlier date, owing to the large number of manuscripts sent in before it. — Editor.] 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 corded that Triepeolus donatus is an inquiline of Entechnia taurea. Lovell states that this bee visits the Compositae ex- clusively. Of ten local species of Triepeolus, including T. donatus and excluding one of only one visit, none are exclu- sive visitors of Compositae. Lovell is correct in saying that in my view a bee is oligotrop- ic everywhere or nowhere. The whole matter is an inference from the fact that a bee has been observed collecting pollen on a certain flower and has not been found doing so on any other. The force of the latter statement depends upon the presumption that the observer would know whether a bee collects pollen from another flower or not. In 1899 I suggested fifty-three bees as oligotropic. I had observed 36/0 visits of 194 nest-making bees to about 400 different kinds of flow- ers, so there was some basis for the presumption that if the bee were not oligotropic I would know it. Nevertheless, from my own observations I have found it necessary to modify six cases and reject four. Lovell quotes my statement: "When the flowers upon which a bee depends becomes extinct or rare, the bee may disappear or be forced to resort to flowers which originally it did not visit." This may be true as a general statement, but I have never used it to support untenable cases. The statement of Miiller quoted from the Fertilisation of Flowers (not "Plants"), p. 570, has already been commented on in the Bot. Gaz. 32: 367, 1901. It only shows that Miiller did not understand the flower-visiting habits of bees. I do not accept the opinion : "Therefore the entomophilous flora of a region, as a whole, is not better pollinated because a part of the bees are oligotropic than it would be if they were all polytropic." Lovell says : r'The fact that so many bees are oligotropic to the Compositae would seem alone to refute the theory that this habit is an effort on their part to avoid competition by visiting different plant families." Observing that Lovell can fiot cite a passage where anyone has propounded such a theory, let us consider the Compositae oligotropes. In the Can. Ent. 42 : 327, I have stated that of twenty exclusive both in their pollen and nectar visits the majority are oligotropes of Com- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 positae and say: "It is not so surprising that some of these are exclusive when we consider that at their maximum the Compositae form 34 per cent, of the indigenous flowers." At Carlinville the phenological positions of the indigenous Compositae and their oligotropes are : Apr.-May Jn.-July Aug.-Sept. Oct. Compositae 10.8 57.6 86.9 42.3 Oligotropes 7.5 47.5 90 50 It may be that some of these originated under the maximum of the Compositae. But it is a little too much to assume that they originally had a short flight, turned to the Compositae and happened to fall into a nice phenological correlation. My view is that they have a short flight and form their maximum under that of the Compositae because they are oligotropes. They are the most abundant at the time when competition would be the least. Whenever competition becomes the most severe at this point, it will be an advantage to change food habits, or fly earlier or later. That the pressure of competition has already reached a severe stage is indicated by Melissodes and at least some genera of Panurgidae. In my opinion Mclissodcs is typically a genus of Compositae oligotropes and the polytropic species, as well as those which are oligotropes of other flowers, were originally developed from oligotropes of Compositae. The same may be true of the Panurgidae, but I am doubtful about it except in some of the genera. But it is misleading to speak as if Compositae oligotropes were all competitors. Some do not occur at the same time as others ; probably the flight of no two exactly coincides. More- over they are not all oligotropes of the same flowers. They fall into the following fourteen more or less non-competitive sets. Where two tribes are mentioned most of the visits are to the first : Krigia: Pterandrena krigiana; Boltonia: Perditella bol- toniae; Vernonia'. Melissodes vernoniana, vernoniae ; Cnicus: M. cnici; Coreopsis palinata: M. coreopsis; Hclianthns: Halic- toides marginatus ; Asteroidcae : Colletes armatus, Andrena nubecula, Pterandrena asteris, solidaginis, Pseudopanurgus 7<3 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 compositarum, M. asteris; Helianthoideae: Sayapis pollicaris, pugnata, Pterandrena aliciae, pulchella, rudbeckiae, Pseudo- panurgus albitarsis, rudbeckiae, labrosus, labrosiformis, ru- gosus, M. illinoensis; Asteroideae and Helenioideae: M. simillima ; Asteroideae and Helianthoideae : Colletes ameri- canus, Pseudopanurgus asteris, solidaginis, Perdita 8-maculata, M. autumnalis ; Helianthoideae and Asteroideae : Ashmeadiella bucconis, Megachile 6-dentata, Pterandrena helianthi, Calliop- sis coloradensis, M. agilis ; Helianthoideae and Cynarioideae : Sayapis pugnata, M. coloradensis; Three tribes: Colletes com- pact us, Gnathosmia georgica, M. trinodis, Sayapis sayi ; Four tribes: M. boltoniae. Lovell says : "How has the oligotropic habit originated ? Mr. Robertson believes that it is the result of an effort on the part of the different species to avoid competition. I hold that it has arisen because of the advantage gained coupled with a short term of flight." He also says : "Accessory factors are small size, time of flight, weak flight, vicinity of nests, and the number of bees." In the Bot. Gas. 28: 29, 30, 1899, I have recognized a short flight as an important condition of oligotropy and have prac- tically excluded bees of long flight from the discussion. The use of the words "an effort" in every reference to my views is not justified. I have never used that expression or any words implying that idea. My view is that the bee fauna is all that the flora will support, that there is constant competition be- tween the bees, and that natural selection favors those which are the most diversified, i. e., the least competitive in their food habits. Compared with bees which fly all season the oligotropes have a short flight, but that they, as compared with their rela- tives, originally had a short flight there is no evidence. And the general statement that they have a short flight is mislead- ing. Compare : Less than 51 days 51-100 days Over 100 days Oligotropes 30 36 7 Polytropes 18 39 9 The average flight is shorter and there are more of them Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 with a short flight. In these cases there is no evidence that the oligotropy is the result of the short flight. On the other hand there are enough certain cases to establish the presump- tion that the short flight is a result of the oligotropy. Oligotropic bees are no smaller than their polytropic rela- tives, and the percentage of small bees is no greater than among the polytropes. In my neighborhood 38% of the oligo- tropes and 37% of the polytropes are large. The long-tongued oligotropes and their relatives are among the swiftest of bees, far surpassing Bomb us in this respect. Lovell seems to regard small size as an indication of a weak flight. At any rate, he speaks of Andrena illinoensis as "a small bee, not likely to fly far," and of Ha-lictoides novae- angliae: "They are small bees with a weak flight." This re- quires proof. When the proportions are the same there is a probability that a small bee has a stronger flight than a large one. I have shown that Emphor boinbiformis nests in the neigh- borhood of the Hibiscus on which it depends. The proximity of the nests and food plants is a result rather than a determin- ing condition of the oligotropy. At Carlinville the maximum of Compositae is in August and September. Of the nectar flowers observed by me in these two months seventy-two, 32%, are Compositae. There are fifteen species of inquiline bees flying late and forming a maxi- mum under that of the Compositae. They make from three to thirty visits and an average of fifteen. On the average they make visits of 6% to a flora composed of 32% of Compositae. They seem to fill the conditions required by Lovell 's theory: a short flight of 60 days average determined by the fact that they are inquilines of bees most of which are evidently oligotropes of Compositae. a rather weak flight, and probably come from nests conveniently located with reference to the Compositae. They might easily confine 30 visits, or an aver- age of 15, to the 72 Compositae. Only three species, with an average of 5 visits, confine themselves to the Compositae, while twelve species, with an average of 17 visits, do not. The exclusive ones are Elpeolus autumnalis 7, Holonomada vincta 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 4, H. placida 4. The best of these shows eight less than the average and may be regarded as fragmentary. If a bee limits itself to a given flower, it gains the immediate advantage of being able to anticipate other bees in their visits to the chosen plant. It may increase this advantage by locating its nests near the flowers. To humanize, it may concentrate its attentions upon the flowers so as to get to them first, learn how to manipulate the pollen better than other bees, and finally develop special structures which will increase the ad- vantage. I have pointed out that some oligotropes which collect large pollen have loosely plumose scopae which are better adapted to collect and hold the large grains, while some others which collect the fine pollen of Compositae have densely plumose scopae. Anthedon compta, an oligotrope of Oenothera, whose pollen grains are hard to collect on account of being connected by threads, has scopae of long simple bristles quite different from its nearest relatives. After doing the best it can on the flower, it goes to the stem and turns head downwards so as to work the cobwebby pollen into its scopae. Other bees collect the pollen, but Anthedon surpasses them all in the facility with which it does so. The anthers of Verbena are included in a slender tube and above them is a circle of hairs as if intended to prevent the pollen from being extracted. Ordinary bees can only collect the pollen which adheres to their proboscides. Verbcnapis verbenae has its front tarsi provided with curled bristles. When collecting pollen the bee thrusts both front legs into the tube of the corolla and drags out the pollen with its front tarsi. There are 223 indigenous nest-making bees. One species, flying throughout the season and fitted about like Apis, except for flowers of unusual construction, might collect nearly as much pollen and support nearly as many individuals as all of the 223 together. It would be to the advantage of this bee to become as polytropic as possible, and, as the number of in- dividuals increased, to extend its visits to the most difficult Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73 and inconvenient flowers. It would be distinctly disadvantage- ous for it to limit itself to some particular flowers and exceed- ingly unlikely that it would do so. The ecological specializa- tion exhibited by Anthedon, Verbenapis and other oligotropes is a fairly certain indication of the pressure of competition. I think that the long-tongued pygidial bees were developed as competitors of the bumblebees, the first on the ground and the most polytropic of bees. I think this explains why they have a comparatively short and rapid flight and so frequently oligotropic habits. In a similar way the Andrenidae, Panur- gidae and related groups which are so often oligotropic were probably preceded by the Halictidae, the most polytropic of short-tongued bees. There are forty species of Halictidae fly- ing throughout the season. In the spring there are the females which have passed through the winter, but later both sexes of the regular brood are flying so that the maximum is late. There are ninety-four other short-tongued bees occupying the same region. It would be a hard matter for all of these bees to fly throughout the season and compete with the Halictidae. In- stead they have short times of flight and are distributed so that not more than fifty-two are flying in any month and these only in the spring when the Halictidae are least abundant. And these bees are the least abundant when the Halictidae are the most abundant and most active. The early maximum, the short flight, the non-competitive phenological distribution, and the frequently oligotropic habits indicate that these bees have managed to hold their own only by dividing up the remaining field and occupying the most favorable cor- ners left by their perennial polytropic competitors. To the list of local oligotropes add: Petalostemon viola- ceus: Colletes albescens, robertsonii ; Strophostytes angnlosa: Megachile strophostylis ; Papilionaceae: Meg. generosa, Cinathodon georgicus, Anthidium psoraleae, Synalonia atri- ventris, fuscipes ; Sali.v : Andrena salicacea, macoupinensis ; Nymphaeaceae : Chloralictus nymphaearum ; Cassia chamae- crista: Melissodes atripes ; Ipomoca pandurata: Cemolobus ipomoeae. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1914. The Influence of Insects on Civilization. The discoveries of recent years of the parts played by in- sects in the transmission of diseases have demonstrated, as never before, how civilization may be retarded by creatures formerly so commonly despised as unworthy of serious atten- tion. The Panama Canal, the health of Italy, of India, of Havana, of Rio de Janeiro, of New Orleans, are now familiar examples of the influence of the hexapods on human prosper- ity. Sir Ronald Ross has gone so far as to suggest that the downfall of Greece was largely due to malaria, and malaria means the Anopheles mosquito, a conqueror greater than Alexander. No less striking is the effect produced by insects which in large numbers, through a series of years, devastate a staple agricultural product. Dr. W. E. Hinds, of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, in a paper on "County Organization in the Boll Weevil Campaign," read at the recent Atlanta meeting of the Amer- ican Association of Economic Entomologists, considered that the spread of the boll weevil eastward through the Southern States has been more of an advantage than a loss to the human population, inasmuch as it has operated to diminish the dele- terious practice of planting cotton year after year on the same ground, to encourage the habit of rotation of crops and to bring about the necessity for greater co-operation between the planters and other members of the community, a co-operation which has not stopped with measures to combat the weevil but has subsequently extended to those for bettering the com- munity in other ways. We find no entomological entries in the indexes to Buckle, but the future historian of civilization cannot neglect the influ- ence of insects on the processes he attempts to describe. 74 Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining- to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 3 — The American Naturalist. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 10 — Nature, London. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural His- tory, London. 13 — Comptes Rendus, Societe de Biologic, Paris. 14 — Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 18 — Ottawa Naturalist. 19 — Horae Societatis Entomologiae Rossicae. 21— The Entomologist's Record, London. 22 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 28 — Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique, Paris. 38 — Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 40 — Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 44 — Verhandlungen, K. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesell- schaft in Wien. 50 — Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 59 — Sitzungsberichte, Gesellschaft der naturforschenden Freunde, Berlin. 64 — Annalen, K. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Wien. 68 — Science, New York. 69 — Bolletino, Societa Italiana Entomo- logica. 79 — La Nature, Paris. 81 — Biologisches Centralblatt, Er- langen. 84 — Entomologische Rundschau. 87 — Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 89 — Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 92 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 97 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 123 — Bulletin, Wisconsin Natural History Society, Milwaukee. 160 — Interna- tionale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, Leipzig. 161 — Proceedings, Biological Society of Washington. 164 — Bulletin, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 166 — Interna- tionale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 179 — Journal of Eco- nomic Entomology. 182 — Revue Russe d'Entomologie, St. Pe- tersburg. 184 — Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 186 — Journal of Economic Biology, London. 191 — Natur, Halb- monatschrift fur alle Naturfreunde. 193 — Entomologische Blat- ter, Cassel. 195 — Bulletin, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Cambridge, Mass. 198— Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 200— Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 216 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 239 — Annales, Biologic Lacustre, Brussels. 251 — Annales, Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris. 264 — Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires. 278 — Annales, Soci- ete Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d'Histoire de Geneve, Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 322 — Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia. 324 — Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge, Mass. 327 — Scien- tific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India (New Sen), Calcutta. 365 — Collec- tions Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Bru- xelles. 367 — 2nd International Entomological Congress. 368— The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal. 369 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin- Dahlem. 397 — Pfluger's Archiv fur die Gesammte Physiologic des Menschen und der Tiere, Bonn. 420 — Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus: A monthly journal of entomology, Washington, D. C. 447 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 455 — Nach- richten von der Kongl. Gesell. der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Klas. 456 — Kosmos, Handweiser fur Naturfreunde, Stuttgart. 457 — Memoirs of the Coleoptera by Thos. L. Casey, Washington, D. C. 459 — Proceedings of the Thoreau Museum of Natural History, Concord, Mass. 450 — Ohio State University Bulletin, Columbus. GENERAL SUBJECT. Et. Al.— We note that the "Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants from Insects and Fungous Diseases" has issued their fifth annual report, which is fairly well illustrated and will no doubt prove interesting to many. Ballou, H. A. — Some entomological problems in the West Indies, 367, ii, 306-18. Bethune-Baker, G. T.— Resolution of the Entomological Society of London, 367, ii, 93-96. Brandt, P. — Ueberwinterung der exotenpuppen, 216, xxvii, 201-2. Cosens A. — Insect galls (Ab- stract of lecture), 4, 1913, 380-84. Dewitz, J. — Die physiologic in der schadlingsforschung, 367, ii, 234-44. Doncaster, L. — Sex-lim- ited inheritance in insects, 367, ii. 227-32. Green, E. E. — A plea for the centralization of diagnostic descriptions, 367, ii, 216-19. Handlirsch, A. — Ueber einige beziehungen zwischen palaeontol- ogie, geographischer verbreitung und phylogenie der insekten, 367, ii, 248-70. Hickson, S. J. — Agricultural entomology in the University of Manchester (England), 10, xcii, 355-G. Hinds, W. E. —Zoology and entomology at the Mass. Agric. College. Types deposited in the collection. (Amherst, Mass., 1911.) 52 pp. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 Holmes, S. J. — Literature for 1912 on the behavior of lower inver- tebrates, 324, iii, 389-400. Horn, W. — Protest gegen die zulassung von ausnahmen vom prioritatsgesetz, 367, ii, 158-65. Jonas, I.— Praktische and dabei elegante schlupfund zuchtkasten, 84, xxx, 127-130. Kerremans, C. — Les varietes doivent-elles etre nominees, 367, ii, 187-91. Kiefer, O. — Photographische aufnahmen lebender insekten, 216, xxvii, 197-8. Kolbe, H. J. — Die differenzierung der zoographischen elemente der kontinente, 367, ii, 433. Longinos Navas, R. P. — Algunos organos de las alas de los insectos, 367, ii. 178-86. Mann, W. M. — Literature for 1912 on the behavior of ants and myrmecophiles, 324, iii, 429-455. Meyer, H. — Tempera- turexperimente ohne kunstliche faktoren, 216, xxvii, 193-94. Natz- mer, G. — Die insektenstaaten, 216, xxvii, 192-3 (cont.)- Olivier, E. — Necessite de 1'emploi du latin pour les descriptions, 367, ii, 232-3. Picado, C. — Les bromeliacees epiphytes. Considerees comme milieu biologique, 200, xlvii, 215-360. Prout, L. B. — On the place of figures in descriptive entomology, 367, ii, 166-77. Seitz, A.— On the sense of vision in insects, 367, ii, 198-204. Speiser, P. — Be- merkungen und notizen zur geographischen verbreitung einiger blutsaugenden insekten, 367, ii, 205-7. Szymanski, J. S. — Zur ana- lyse der sozialen instinkte, 81, xxxiii, 649-658. Taylor, J. W. — Geographical distribution and dominance in relation to evolution and phylogeny, 367, ii, 271-94. Turner, C. H. — Literature for 1912 on the behavior of spiders and insects other than ants, 324, iii, 401-428. Webster, F. M. — Applied entomology for the farmer, 4, 1913, 393-97. Wheeler, G.— Suggestions for securing simplifica- tion and permanency in nomenclature, 367, ii. 97-108. Wust. O.— Die gallen und ihre erzeuger zu winterstudien, 216, xxvii, 169. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Comstock, J. H.— The silk tff spiders and its uses, 367, ii, 1-10. Painter, T. S.— On the dimorphism of the males of "Maevia vittata." a jumping spider, 89, xxxv. 625-636. Scheuring, L. — Die augen der Arachnoideen, 89, xxxiii, 553-636. Chamberlin, R. V. — The lithobiid genera Nampabius, Garibius, Tidabius and Sigibius. 195, Ivii, 39-104. Lahille, F. — Nota sobre dos "Txodes" de la Republica Argentina y la medicion de las garra- patas. 264, xvi. 279-290. Penther, A. — Beitrag zur kenntnis ameri- kanischer skorpione, 64, xxvii, 239-252. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Calvert, P. P.— Progress in our knowledge of the Odonata from 1895-1912, 367, ii. 140-58. Hoffman, R. W. — Zur embryonalentwicklung der Strepsipteren, 455, 1913, 392-408. Mercier, L. — Recherches sur la spermatogenese chez Panorpa germanica, 13, Ixxv, 605-608. Reukauf, E. — Der 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 wasserbar (Macrobiotus), 191, 1913, 117-122. Von Rosen, K.— Die fossilen termiten: eine Icurze zusammenfassung der bis jetzt be- kannten funde, 367, ii, 318-35. Rott, F. W. — Wie die libelle raubt, 456, 1913, 376-7. Wesenberg-Lund, C. — Odonaten-studien, 160, vi, 155-228. Bagnall, R. S. — A synopsis of the Thysanopterous family Aeolo- thripidae, 367, ii, 394-97. Ris, F. — Libellulinen, Catalogue, Syste- matique et descriptif, 365, Fasc. xvi, 965-1045. Strobbe, R. — Bei- trag: Die Trichodectiden des Berliner Museum fur Naturkunde (Mallophaga), 59, 1913, 365-383. Williams, C. B.— On two new sp. of Thysanoptera from the West Indies, 186, viii, 209-215. ORTHOPTERA. Boldyrev, B.— Das lebenswerben und die spermatophoren bei einigen locustodeen und gryllodeen, 19, xl, No. 6, 54 pp. Die begattung und der spermatophorenbau bei der Maulwurfsgrille (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa), 22, xlii, 592-605. Burr & Jordan. — On Arixenina, a suborder of Dermaptera, 367, ii, 398- 421. Carothers, E. E. — The mendelian ratio in relation to certain orthopteran chromosomes, 322, xxiv, 487-512. Ellis, M. M. — Gre- garines from some Michigan O., 22, xliii, 78-84. Gerhardt, U. — Copulation und spermatophoren von Grylliden und Locustiden, 89, xxxv, 415-532. Meissner, O. — Einige bemerkungen ueber Dia- pheromera femorata, 216, xxvii, 179. Nowlin, N. — Cytological studies of femur-rubrum and other Melanopli, 164, vi, 397-405. Regen, J. — Ueber die anlockung des weibchens von Gryllus cam- pestris durch telephonisch uebertragene stridulationslaute des mannchens. Haben die antennen fur die alternierende stridulation von Thamnotrizon apterus male eine bedeutung? 397, civ, 193-200, 245-50. Schmidt, P. — Phenomenes de catalepsie chez les phasmides (Russian), 182, xiii, 44-60. Turner, C. H. — Behavior of the com- mon roach (Periplaneta orientals) on an open maze, 198, xxv, 348-365. HEMIPTERA. Horvath, G. — Etude morphologique sur la con- struction de 1'elytre des Cicadides, 367, ii, 422-32. Jordan, K. — On viviparity in Polyctenidae, 367, ii, 342-50. Marchal, P. — Contribu- tion a 1'etude de la biologic des chermes, 251, xviii, 153. Stehli, G. -Was ist gummilack? 456, 1913, 456-58. Theobald, F. V. — Notes on the aphids of the cultivated peas, and the allied species of Macrosiphum, 367, ii, 380-93. Reuter, O. M.— Ueber "Cimex valdivianus," 38, xxxii, 237-8. LEPIDOPTERA. Bandermann, F.— Ueberwinterungsversuche mit P. atalanta, 166, vii, 209. Ven Bemmelen, J. F. — On the phylo- genetic significance of the wing-markings of Rhopalocera, 367, ii, 355-79. Burgeff, H. — Zur biologic nordafrikanischer Zygaenen, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 216, xxvii, 170-71 (cont.). Chapman, T. A. — Some experiments on the regeneration of the legs of Liparis dispar, 367, ii, 295-306. Cockerell, T. D. A. — L. breeding on evening primrose, 179, vi, 489. Coupin, H. — Les phalenes, 79, xli, 401-2. Dixey, F. A. — On the scent-patches of the Pierinae, 367, ii, 330-41. Fryer, J. C. F. — Field-observations on the enemies of butterflies in Ceylon, 14, 1913, 613-19. Joan, T.— Informe sobre la falsa tina de las col- menas, 264, xvi, 276-78. Klaue, W.— Ueber die behandlung der cocons von "Telea polyphemus," 40, xxx, 117-18. Kohec, S.— Nochmals ueber die unabhangigkeit der ausbildung sekundarer geschlechtscharaktere von den Gonaden bei L., 22, xliii, 65-74. Maskew, F. — The gumworm of the grape (Sciopteron regale), 368, ii, 677-79. Pasternak, F. — Einige beobachtungen ueber das sinnesleben mancher insekten, 40, xxx, 115-16. Rogers, K. St. A. —Mimicry in the two sexes of an East African Lycaenid, 367, ii, 220. Stehli, G. — Gesellig lebende seidenwurmer, 456, 1913, 425-27. Swynnerton, C. F. M. — Pellets ejected by insect-eating birds after a meal of butterflies, 367, ii, 351-54. Tanaka, Y.— Preliminary note on the bright spots of the Antheraean larvae, 22, xliii, 36-40. White, A. G. H. — Notes on a caterpillar, 18, 1913, 106-108. Bethune-Baker, G. T.— Further note on Dr. Verity's Linnean suggestions, 21, 1913, 272-3. Busck, A.— Seven new micro L. from Mexico, 420, i, 140-43. Dalla Torre, K. W.— Zur bibliographic und nomenklatur der Psychiden, 369, ii, 328-9. Dyar, H. G. — A new Pyralid from Newfoundland, 420, i, 139. Fassl, A. H. — Die Agrias- formen Boliviens, 84, xxx, 121-23. Fernald, C. H. — The Pterophori- dae of No. America (Spec. Bui. Hatch Exper. Sta., Mass.), 1898, 81 pp. Fernald, C. H. — The genera of the Tortricidae and their types (Amherst, Mass., Press of Carpenter & Morehouse, 1908), 67 pp. Hampson, G. F. — Descriptions of new gen. and sps. of Noctuidae, 11, xii, 580-601. Niepelt, W. — Eine neue Agrias-form (from Peru). Neue tagfalter von Peru, 166, vii, 202,211. Schaus, W. — New species of Rhopalocera from Costa Rica, 14, 1913, 339-367. Seitz, A. — Die grossschmetterlinge der erde. Faun. Am. Lief. 54, 425-432. Verity, R- — Revision dei tipi Linneani dei Ropaloceri Palaeartici, 69, xliv, 200-9. DIPTERA. Bridges, C. B. — Non-disjunction of the sex chro- mosomes of Drosophila, 184, xv, 587-606. Burrill, A. C. — Notes on Lake Michigan swarms of Chironomids; quantitative notes on spring insects, 123, xi, 52-69. Cragg, F. W.— The comparative anatomy of the proboscis in the blood-sucking Muscidae, 327, No. 60, 56 pp. Felt, E. P. — Adaptation in the gall midges. 4, 1913, 371- 379. Forbes, S. A. — The simulium-pellagra problem in Illinois, 367, ii, 477-85. Grunberg, K. — Allerhand unerfreuliches von der 8O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 stubenfliege, 456, 1913, 348-350 (cont.). Hansel, S.— Die histoge- nese der flugmuskulatur der dipteren. Nach beobachtungen an Pachygaster meromelas, 89, xxxvi, 465-512. Krober, O.— Flugel- abnormitaten der dipteren familien Therevidae und Omphralidae, 92, ix, 329-333. Merle, R.— La fievre jaune, 79, 1913, 40-42. Austen, E. E. — D. from the Falkland Islands, with descriptions of a new gen. and sp., 11, xii, 498-504. Bezzi, M. — Blefaroceridi Italiani con descrizione di una nuova forme e di due specie eso- tiche, 69, xliv. 3-114. Bottcher, G. — Eine revision der typen "Ron- danis" zum genus "Sarcophaga," 69, xliv, 171-199. Brues, C. T.— The geographical distribution of the stable fly, Stomoxys calci- trans, 179, vi, 459-477. Felt, E. P. — Arthrocnodax Carolina n. sp., 179, vi, 488-9. Hendel, F. — Neue Drosophiliden aus Sudamerika und Neuguinea, 369, ii, 386-90. Knab, F. — A new American Phle- botomus, 420, i, 135-37. Malloch, J. R. — A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of n. gen. and sp. The genera of Botanobia with hind tibial spur, 50, xlvi, 127-154: 239-266. Met- calf, C. L. — The Syrphidae of Ohio. A biologic, economic and systematic study of the family in the state, 460, xvii, No. 31, 122 pp. Townsend, C. H. T. — New muscoid flies, mainly Hysticiidae and Pyrrhosiinae from the Andean Montanya, 420, i, 144-48. COLEOPTERA. Brocher, F.— Etude anatomique et phv=iolo- gique du systeme respiratoire chez les larves du genre Dyticus, 239, vi, 120-147. Caroenter, G. H. — The presence of maxillulae in beetle larvae, 367, ii, 208-15. Casper, A. — Die korperdecke und die drusen von Dytiscus marginalis. 97, cvii. 387-508. Essig. E. O. -The western twig borer (Amphicerus ptmctipennis), 368, ii, 681- 84. Hopkins, A. D. — Parallelism in morphological characters.... in scolytoid beetles, 161, xxvi. 209-212. Horn, W. — Die fortschritte des neuen coleopterorum catalogus von Junk-Schenkling, 367. ii. 192-97. Krizenecky, J. — Ueber die entstehuner der "unblutisren missbildungen" bei den C.. 193, 1913, 270-78. Ogloblin, A.— Con- tribution a la biologic des Coccinelles (Russian), 182, xiii, 27-43. Peyerimhoff, P. de. — Paedogenese et neotenie chez les C.. 87, 1913. 392-95. Pic, M. — Le melanisme chez divers Cryptocephalus pa- laearctiques, 367, ii, 245-47. Ruggles, A. C. — Notes on a chestnut- tree insect CAgrilus bilineatus), 68, xxxviii, 852. Semichon, L. — La repartition des reserves chez la larve de Melasoma populi, 87, 1913, 366. Sijasov, M. — Contribution a la biologic des coprophages (Russian), 182, xiii. 113-131. Smirnov, D.— Considerations stir morphologic et phylogenie des especes du genre "Phyllobius" de la groupe "glaucus" (Russian), 19, xl. No. 4. 1-150. Wilson, H. F. — Notes on Podabrus pruinosus, 179, vi, 457-59. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 8l Casey, T. L. — Studies in the Cicindelidae and Carabidae of America. Further studies among the American Longicornia, 457, iv., 400 pp. Gounelle, E. — Cerambycides nouveaux de Colom- bia, appartenant au Musee de Hambourg, 87, 1913, 386-390. Heffenger and Hopkins. — A list of C. collected at Concord, Mass., 459, 1, 7-10. Heller, K. M. — Ein neuer Cupedidae (S. Am.), 38, xxxii, 235-7. Horn, W. — Diesjahrige Omus-funde von F. W. Nunenmacher. Nachtrag zu den diesjahrigen Omus- formen von F. W. Nunenmacher, 369, ii, 346-351, 391. Krekich, H. V.— Beschreibungen neuer Anthiciden, 44, Ixiii, 129-140. Mor- ris, F. J. A.— Chrysomelians of Ontario, 4, 1913, 384-392. d'Orchy- mont, A. — Contribution a 1'etude des larves Hydrophilides, 239, vi, 173-214. HYMENOPTERA. Cornetz, V.— Divergences d'interpretation a propos de 1'orientation chez la fourmi, 278, xxi, 795-806. Crawley & Donisthorpe. — The founding of colonies by queen ants, 367, ii, 11-77. v. Graumnitz, C. — Die blattschneider-ameisen Sudamerikas, 166, vii, 233. Hoffmann, F. — Weiteres ueber die schwalbenwanze (Oeciacus hirundinis), 40, xxx, 116-17. Ladd-Franklin, C.— A non- chromatic region in the spectrum for bees, 68, xxxviii, 850-52. MacGillivray, A. D. — The immature stages of the Tenthredinoidea, 4, 1913, 367-371. Mann, W. M.— (See under General.) Natzmer, G. V. — Ueoer das schwarmen der ameisen, 369, ii, 373-76. Rich- ardson, C. H. — Studies on the habits and development of Spalangia muscidarum, 322, xxiv, 513-558. Wheeler, W. M. — Illus- trated lecture on "Ants" (Abstract), 4, 1913, 397-99. Gynandro- morphous ants described during the decade 1903-1913, 3, xlviii, 49-56. Observations on the Central American Acacia ants, 367, ii, 109-139. Beutenmuller, W. — A new Nomaretus from Mount Mitchell, - N. C., 420, i, 139-40. Cushman, R. A. — The Calliephialtes parasite of the codling moth, 447, i, 211-238. Kurdjumov, N.— Notes on Pteromalidae, 182, xiii, 1-24. Wasmann, E. — Gaste von Eciton praedator aus dem Staate Espirito Santo (Sudbrasilien), 369, ii, 376-80. FARRE, POET OF SCIENCE, by DR. C. V. LEGROS, with a preface by J. H. FABRE. Translated by Bernard Miall. The Century Company, New York. 352 pp. A number of books and articles on the life and works of this student and historian of the social insects have lately appeared. While well- known and appreciated for over half a century by his fellow-laborers in the vineyard, it is only comparatively recently that he has been discov- ered by the laity. What has happened is illustrated by his own words : "Moreover, it was not unimportant to warn the public against the errors, 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 exaggerations and legends which have collected about my person, and thus to set all things in their true light." A common fault in biographies is that they are generally too lauda- tory, and in this book the author has not neglected his opportunities in this respect. However, if it be a fault, it is one that can be readily for- given. The most interesting part of the book is the account of the life of a very modest man, who never took advantage of any untoward means of personal advancement, an enemy to all advertisement, depend- ing solely on honesty of purpose and an effort to investigate the won- ders of nature for the joy of the work and with the hope that mankind would benefit from his endeavors. The pleasure was in the work and the hope of material reward unseen and unlocked for. The title of the work illustrates another feature in such books. Au- thors are prone to look so far into the poetic and aesthetic side that they develop a pronounced myopia in relation to the necessary technical and scientific part of all natural history investigation. On the other hand the true scientist and systematist sees the poetic and aesthetic as- pect but also recognizes the absolute necessity of a scientific terminology. In fact, it is the aesthetic that starts him on the road. Our author makes Fabre appear restless as a user of the technical names of insects ; yet use them he must. He also places him as an opponent of evolution, at least in part. The lay reader of the book would suppose that all things related in the Work were the discoveries of the "Poet of Science," yet all careful students of science know that most of the important facts and discov- eries in nature and science have been cumulative and built up like con- cretions, or like the rolled snowball, that has had a push from many hands, before it reaches its final resting place. The book, however, is a most interesting one and was constructed by loving hands, in honor of a modest man who has done a noble work as a naturalist, entomologist and as a literary chronicler of our minute, but none the less mighty, lit- tle friends and enemies. — HENRY SKINNER. (Advertisement.) Two BOOKS ON ANIMAL ECOLOGY. ANIMAL COMMUNITIES IN TEMPERATE AMERICA, AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE CHICAGO REGION. A Study in Animal Ecology, by VICTOR E. SHEL- FORD, PH.D., of the Department of Zoology, Th« University of Chicago. Published for ihe Geographic Society of Chicago by the University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, October, 1913, 8vo., pp. xiii, 362. More than 300 figures, maps and diagrams. Price $3.00 net, postpaid $3-22. GUIDE TO THE STUDY OE ANIMAL ECOLOGY, by CHAKI.KS C. ADAMS, PH.D., Associate in Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, Univer- sity of Illinois, New York, The Macmillan Co., 1913, 12 mo., pp. xii. 183. 7 figures. Price $1.25. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 The organization of the data for his book, Dr. Shelford tells us, "is the result of many attempts and failures which at times made the task seem hopeless," but as "here presented has in the main grown out of three lines of thought: (a) The physiology of organisms as opposed to the physiology of organs; (b} the phenomena of behavior, as illus- trated by the studies of Loeb, much of the data of which can be related to natural environments; and (r) the organized comparable data of plant ecology, as set forth by Cowles and Warming" (pp. v, vi). "The definition of ecology, like that of any growing science, is a thing to be modified as the science itself is modified, crystallized and limited. At present, ecology is that branch of general physiology which deals with the organism as a whole, with its general life processes as distin- guished from the more special physiology of organs, and which also considers the organism with particular reference to its usual environ- ment" (p. i). The point of view of the ecologist is illustrated by a concrete example on page 314. The topics discussed, as worded in the chapter headings, are : Man and Animals, the Animal Organism and its Environmental Relations, The Animal environment, Its General Nature and Its Character in the Area of Study, Conditions of Existence of Aquatic Animals, Animal Communities of Large Lakes (Lake Michigan), of Streams, of Small Lakes, of Ponds, Conditions of Existence of Land Animals, Animal Communities of the Tension Lines Between Land and Water, of Swamp and Flood-Plain Forests, of Dry and Mesophytic Forests, of Thickets and Forest Margins, of Prairies ; and a General Discussion. An Appendix suggests Methods of Study, in which emphasis is laid on the prime importance of experiments in the field, and some description of the apparatus used by the author in this new line of work is given (p. 322). A bibliography of 214 titles, almost exclusively in English (cf. p. v), and two indexes of authors and collaborators and of sub- jects, complete the book. The treatment of the chapter topics, while not identical throughout, is sufficiently similar to be illustrated by a single chapter, for example, that on Animal Communities of Ponds. A brief introduction recalls the causes of the general interest in pond animals and the differences in pond bottoms. The origin and physical characteristics of the ponds in the area of special study are summarized. The communities of ponds are classified and discussed as the Pelagic and Pioneer (or Terrigenous Bottom) Formations and the Submerged Vegetation and Emerging Vegetation Associations. The order of these four is that of the changes which ponds in gen- eral undergo, that of transformation from open water areas to swamps and eventually to dry land. The animals comprising each one of these ecological groups are, to a great extent, different and hence give each one a particular facies. The "characters" and "tendencies" of each 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 group are usually stated. Thus the characters of the Submerged Vege- tation Association are "in being distinctly aquatic and also essentially independent of the bare bottom and of the surface," but "strictly de- pendent upon the vegetation for nesting places, shelter, etc. The mud minnow has been studied experimentally and shows avoidance of light." The tendencies of this same association are toward change : "This association, like all the others, is destined not to last ; changes are taking place all the time. The chara is filling the pond at the rate of one inch a year and is making a fine soil for roots of other plants. As soon as the dense chara stage has existed for a time we find other plants, such as Myriophyllum, Potamogeton, and water lilies. As soon as these have become established we have the commencement of the next association." Finally, the succession of animal life in the same pond and the fate of the pond itself is considered and illustrated with tables showing the occurrences of species in ponds of different ages. The terms "formation," "association" have here a technical ecologi- cal significance and, just as there is a well-known series of taxonomic groups of increasing magnitude (species, genus, family, order, class, phylum), so there is employed in this book a series of ecological groups, also of increasing magnitude (mos or mores, consocies, stratum, association, formation, extensive formation) which, with the exception of the first, bear not "the slightest relation" to the taxonomic groups. They are defined on pages 37 and 38 but, we suspect, with no greater exactness than has attended attempts at definition of the taxonomic groups. As may be seen from the resume of the Pond chapter, change in nature is emphasized throughout, the phenomena are dynamic, not static. Ecological succession is often met in different parts of the book, especially on pages 110-124. An interesting discussion is that of the efforts of ecologists, geog- raphers and climatologists to find a method of measuring the environ- ment of organisms which shall include a number of the most important environmental factors. Dr. Shelford concludes that "the evaporating power of the air is probably the best index of environmental condi- tions of land animals" (p. 164). The author is best known to entomologists by his excellent work on tiger beetles, but these are by no means the only insects employed in characterizing ecological groups. The Index of Subjects is so ar- ranged that one can quickly ascertain what members of a given group are mentioned in the book. Thus under "Flies or diptera" are refer- ences to fifty-one names of families and genera, alphabetically ar- ranged. Almost all of the orders of insects, some of the Arachnids and some Myriopods are represented, so that the book contains much of interest to the entomologist. Owing to the numerous species cited and figured, the book is one Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 which would be willingly carried on field trips and excursions, if it were not so heavy. It has 362 plus xiii pages, gl/2x6J/2 inches, and weighs 42 ounces. It is too heavy to read without a support, and too large and too heavy to go into any ordinary pocket. Much of its weight is due to the sized paper used throughout the volume for the sake of the half tones. When will all concerned in the manufacture of books see the absurdity and foolishness of this practice and, instead, give us a light weight paper for the text and limit the use of the heavy sort to inter- spersed plates to which the half tones shall be confined? The entomologist will not find many data relating to his subject matter in Dr. Adams' book, but he will find many suggestions as to the kinds of work that is worth doing and as to the ways in which it may be done. Dr. Shelford's book is a contribution to the data of ecology and their organization. Dr. Adams is concerned with showing and de- veloping (the ecological "point of view, the importance of an under- standing of explanatory processes and of the methods of scientific in- vestigation. * * * At present ecology is a science with its facts out of all proportion to their organization or integration. There is thus an immediate need of integration and this above all requires a clear conception of the scientific method as a tool and independent thinking as well." How different Dr. Adams' book is from Dr. Shelford's may be seen from the following list of chapter headings : I. Aim, Content and Point of View. II. The Value and Method of Ecological Surveys. III. Field Study. IV. The Collection, Preservation and Determination of Specimens. V. References to Scientific Technique. VI. References to Important Sources of Information on the Life Histories and Habits of Insects and Allied Invertebrates. VII. The Laws of Environmental Change or the "Orderly Sequence of External Nature." (The dy- namic or process relations of the environment). VIII. The Laws of Orderly Sequence of Metabolism, Growth, Development, Physiological Conditions and Behavior, or "The Living Organism and the Changes which Take Place in It." (The dynamic or process relations of the animal). IX. The Continuous Process of Adjustment between the Environment and the Animal, with Special Reference to other Organ- isms. (The dynamic or process relations of animal associations and aggregations). Special features of the book are the quotations from eminent biologi- cal writers, placed at the heads of chapters or of sections, indicating the value, importance or method of ecological inquiries, and the bibli- ographies. Indeed from page 84 (that is six pages from the beginning of chapter VII) to page 149 the book is almost entirely bibliography. It is thus, as the author hopes in the preface, "a useful source book." "Particular attention is called to the fact that it is not to be assumed 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 that the various authors [cited in the bibliographies] strive to make the points to which attention is here called ; they may or may not do so. My aim is to call attention to the utility of the publications from the standpoint advocated throughout the book" (p. 84). The entomologist will note, from the preceding list of chapter headings, the utility to him of the references in chapter VI, but he should not fail to look through the other chapters as well. Dr. Adams considers that there are three branches of ecology, indi- vidual, aggregate, and associational. The first deals with the ecology of a given individual or kind of animal, the second with the ecology of "hereditary or taxonomic units, as in a family community, or in genera, families, orders," etc. The third is devoted to "animals which are grouped or associated in the same habitats and environments. In this case the associates in a given association and habitat are consid- ered as a unit, whose activities and interrelations and responses are investigated in the same manner as if it were a single animal" (pp. 3-5). It is associational ecology which Dr. Adams is anxious to advance and with which Dr. Shelford's book is concerned. "Applied or economic zoology and entomology are fundamentally more closely related to as- sociational ecology than to any other phase of zoology, and * * * it would be to the great advantage of the students of such problems if they clearly understood this relation" (Adams, p. 29). We heartily commend the same author when, in chapter II he says of non-ecological surveys, "The environment is considered as static, and not as a changing medium ; it has no past or future, it has merely horizontal extension. The problem as to its dynamic status, whether in a condition of stress, in the process of adjustment, or in relative equilibrium, is not raised, or if it should be, it could not be handled. The student eager for new and little known species is not the one to study such relations, at least, as a rule, this has not been his practice. So long as the success of a day's work is measured by the length of the list of novelties secured, rather than by the quality and quantity of ecological relations discovered, such students and surveys will not contribute greatly to our knowledge of the economy of nature in the regions surveyed" (p. 31). And again, in the chapter on Field Study: "Early in field work one should learn that the collection of specimens is not the primary aim of excursions, that specimens are only one kind of facts, but that field study should be devoted to the accumulation of specimens, and to observations on the habits, activities, interrelations, and responses of animals, as well as to all facts, inferences, and suggestions, which are likely to be of use in the interpretation of the problems studied" (p. 41). The book concludes with two very full indexes of subjects and of authors' names. (Advertisement.) P. P. C. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY. VOLUME II. TRANSACTIONS, of this Congress, held at Oxford in August, 1912, has appeared. It is edited by K. Jordan and H. Eltring- ham and is dated Oxford, October I4th, 1913. Printed by Hazell, Wat- son & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. It is large octavo and con- sists of 489 pages and Plates III to XXXIV, all in black and white. There are thirty-eight papers by as many authors, titles of which were given in the NEWS for October, 1912. As it corresponds in size and contents to Vol. II, Memoires, of the First Congress, it seems a pity that the same name was not used for the present issue instead of "Transactions." C. PICADO. LES BROMELIACEES EPIPHYTES CONSIDEREES COM ME MILIEU EIOLOGIQUE. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, /e Serie T. XLVII, fasc. 3, pp. 215-360, pis. VI-XXIV, 54 text figs. Paris, 21 Oct., 1913. Previous writings on the biology and the fauna of the epiphytic Bromeliaceae can be divided into three categories, says Senor Picado : A. Those which have for their object the bromelicolous* animals inde- pendently of the conditions of the medium ; B. Those which bear on the biology of the Bromeliaceae ; C. Those on the relations between the Bromeliaceae and their fauna. It is in this third class that his own interesting and excellent memoir belongs. After a historical sketch (chapter I) of previous researches on the general subject, the biology of the epiphytic Bromeliaceae (chapter II) is considered with special reference to his observations on those of his native country, Costa Rica, whose government granted a subvention for this work. The climatic conditions favorable to 'the growth of these plants, some features of their structure, macroscopic and microscopic, with a resume of the work of Schimper and of Tietze (1906) on their physiology, lead up to fuller statements of the author's researches on the phenomena of nutrition in these plants than have heretofore appeared in the Comptes Rendus (1912) of the Paris Academy. His results may be briefly summarized that a gum secreted by the plant digests starches and albuminoids and the products of the digestion are absorbed by the leaves, whereby putrefaction in the water held between the leaf bases is avoided. In chapter III a bromeliad is regarded as composed of a central water-containing aquarium, divided into as many compartments as there are living leaves, and a peripheral more or less continuous tcr- rarium, enclosed by the outer older dead or dying leaves, wherein is found no water but a cellulose mud due to the gradual breaking down of leaf fragments. These two zones of unlike character, the perman- *In the NEWS and elsewhere we have used the adjective bromeliadi- colous, while Senor Picado has employed the shorter form as above. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 encef of water in the aquarium, its darkness, etc., lead to a number of highly interesting differences in the animals which inhabit even the same plant. The origin and dissemination of the brorhelicolous fauna is dis- cussed and comparisons made with the biology and fauna of other "Reservoir Plants." Chapter IV is more technical and is composed of descriptions of larval and adult stages of a few Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and an earth worm from Costa Rican Bromeliaceae. The brief chapter V is a summary of twenty "Conclusions." There is a bibli- ography of three pages, while an Appendix (pp. 333-360) lists all the bromelicolous animals from Rotifers to Batrachians known to the au- thor. Previous to his own researches about one hundred such species were known; he has brought the total up to about 250, of which forty- nine were new. The work is highly valuable and well worth reading, even by those who have not the opportunity to work with these plants, on account of its suggestiveness. (The name Odontomachus on page 273 should be replaced by Ap- terosttigma; cf. p. 348, where also the source of its fungous nourish- ment is more fully stated). — P. P. C. Doings of Societies. FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL. Meeting of September i7th, 1913, at 1523 South Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia. Ten members were present. J. C. Brad- ley, of Ithaca, N. Y., visitor. President Haimbach in the chair. Dr. Castle said he had gotten a few good things in Maryland and near Harrisburg, Pa., but on the whole collecting was very poor. Mr. Daecke exhibited a rare mosquito, Cnliseta inornatus Will., from Rockville, Pennsylvania, 111-30-13. Also Brachyopa notata O. S. (Dip.), Harrisburg, Pa., IV-24-I3, which had been recorded from Washington, Oregon, Quebec, Alaska and moun- tains of New Hampshire, the latter being the most southern locality. He said that Oncodes dispar Macq., a little yellow fly, breeds on spiders ; Champlin had found a mud wasp nest in a stump at Harrisburg, VIII-2O-I3, and upon breaking it open found six specimens of this fly inside. The wasp had most fSenor Picado speaks (pp. 236, 255) of the epiphytic bromeliads con- stantly retaining water, but in some situations, as on isolated trees or on the trees of the cerclos, or hedges, near Cartago, Costa Rica, we have seen them dry. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89 likely carried the spider to its nest after the fly had laid its eggs upon it and when they hatched the flies had eaten the con- tents of the nest and Mr. Champlin had broken it open at the psychological moment, as they were all in good condition. Mr. Harbeck reported catching Cicindela rugifrons Dej. on a sandy path near railroad track at Manahawkin, New Jersey, IX-i. Said his nephew had taken him to a park on an island near Trenton and he had caught C. marginipennis Dej. along the shore about August loth. Exhibited a specimen of Chloromyia from Woernersville, Pennsylvania, VIII-4-I3, with abnormal center legs — these are twice as long as the others. A species of this genus is figured in Williston's Manual. Mr. George M. Greene recorded seeing a male Pelecinus \poly- turator Dru. (Hym.) and capturing a Scaphinotus elevatus Fabr. (Col.) at Great Falls, Virginia, VIII-6-I3. Also Cicindela rufiventris Dej. as common on Barren Hill at East Falls Church, Virginia, VIII-4-I3. Mr. Kaeber exhibited a small' specimen of Goes tigrina De G. (Col.) from Philadelphia Neck, VI-2I on oak and Trichodes nuttalli Kirby, Red Bank, New Jersey. In discussing the former Mr. Wenzel said he had been collecting it for years in southern Philadelphia and nearby Delaware County, and had always found it on isolated trees which also contained other species of Coleoptera. He showed a very bright yellow form of Chelymorpha argns Licht. from Delaware County, VII- 12 (both sexes). When first caught he placed them in cyanide and they quickly discolored, becoming almost black. Then he caught more specimens which he killed in wood alcohol and afterward placed in ammonia; these specimens retained their color. Mr. Wenzel, Jr., said collecting was very good this year up to July. Mr. Haimbach recorded the capture this year of many Noto- dontids, including Apatelodes torrcfacta S. & A., A. angelica Grt., a very light form of torrefacta (undescribed) and ten species of Datana. Adjourned to the annex. QO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Meeting of October I5th, 1913, at 1523 South Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia. Fifteen members present, President Haimbach in the chair. Mr. Wenzel exhibited three boxes of Cerambycidae (Moni- letna Goes, etc.) from which only four known species were missing. Mr. George M. Greene recorded a species of Diptera which is not in the New Jersey list : Syrphus fisheri Walton, from Riverton VII-o,-io, collected by C. T. Greene. He also stated that he had acquired the Godfrey collection of North Ameri- can Coleoptera (approximating ten thousand specimens) by gift. Mr. Daecke said that on July iQth, 1912, Mr. H. L. Adams had pulled off a piece of hemlock bark ("about the size of your hand") at West Lenox, Pennsylvania, beneath which he found a specimen of Scaphinotus vidwis Dej., two of Leptura cana- densis Fabr. and two Iphthimus opacus LeC. (Col.). Mr. Laurent exhibited specimens of Chrysophanus thoe Bd.- LeC. (Lep.) male and female, that he captured July 29, 1913, on the meadows in Philadelphia Neck, and stated that to the best of his knowledge, this butterfly had never been captured before in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Mr. Wenzel said that they have been filling up the low ground, where Mr. Laurent had caught this species, with soil from along the river and other places and that no doubt many seeds had been transplanted in this manner, and he knew of many plants growing there now which were unknown a few years ago. He reported Lema trilineata Oliv. (Col.) as com- mon in that locality both this year and last on the "jimson weed." Mr. Hoyer exhibited a box of Coleoptera collected by boys on a camping trip on Valcour Island, New York, this year. Stated that this island is about a mile from shore in Lake Champlain, opposite the town of Valcour, Clinton County. This contained many interesting and rare species. Mr. Harbeck recorded a species of Ophyra (Dip.) collected Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 91 by Mr. Hornig in Philadelphia Neck, IX-24-I3, about the pig- geries. He believes this to be a species new to this locality. Adjourned to the annex. Meeting of November iQth, 1913, at the home of H. A. Wenzel, 4247 Ogden Street, Philadelphia. Eleven members were present, President Haimbach in the chair. Mr. George M. Greene exhibited an odd pair of pinning for- ceps invented by Mr. Godfrey, which could not be patented owing to an infringement. These forceps did not seem to be much in favor with the members. Mr. Laurent exhibited a female Pamphila campestris Bdv. (Lep.) that he had captured July 3ist on the high meadows in Philadelphia Neck. The speaker stated that, to the best of his knowledge, this was the second record for this butterfly in the vicinity of Philadelphia ; the first record was a specimen, or specimens, captured at Cobb's Creek, Pennsylvania, some twenty odd years ago by Eugene M. Aaron. Mr. Haimbach said he had taken this species here. Mr. Daecke exhibited two specimens of the moth Haploa Iccontei var. dyari Merrick, from Rockville, Pennsylvania, VI-29. Also five specimens of Tabanns, which at a casual glance might be taken for one species, but when relaxed the maculations of the eyes are so distinct as to show them to be all different. Mr. Kaeber said that since recording Trichodes nnttalli Kirby (Col.) from Red Bank, New Jersey, at the September meet- ing he had found another specimen with his unmounted ma- terial from the same locality VI 1-4-08. Mr. Harbeck said some papers containing tables and de- scriptions for separating species are very unsatisfactory, but, to prove this is not the case with all, cited the recent paper on \cnrujona by Van I )uzee. After working out the species IK- had, to his own satisfaction, sent them (upon request) to Mr. Van Duzee, who verified all the identifications as correct. Adjourned to the annex. GEORGE M. GREENE, Secretary. 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 THE CONVOCATION WEEK MEETINGS. Entomological papers were presented to the American As- sociation of Economic Entomologists, the Entomological Soci- ety of America, Section K (Physiology and Experimental Medicine) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Phytopathological Society, meet- ing in affiliation at Atlanta, Georgia, December 29, 1913, to January 3, 1914, and to the American Society of Zoologists meeting at Philadelphia December 29 to January I. The fol- lowing list gives their titles and authors, although in a number of cases they were read by title only. Those unmarked are from the program of the Economic Entomologists, those star- red (*) from the Entomological Society of America, others are followed by an abbreviation of the respective society's name. At Atlanta the entomological hosts were the State Ento- mologist, Mr. E. L. Worsham, and members of his staff, Messrs. Chase, Lewis and Spooner, who tendered the visitors a smoker on the evening of January I and in many ways added to the enjoyment of the sojourn in the southern city. The meetings were certainly a success in attendance and in the in- terest evoked by the papers read. GENERAL SUBJECTS.— J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Cornell University. —Collecting insects in the Okefenoke swamp.* PHILIP P. CALVERT. University of Pennsylvania. — The desirability of a bibliographical dictionary of entomologists.* The fauna of epiphytic bromeliads in Costa Rica.* E. P. FELT, State Entomologist of New York. — Gall In- sects, The Annual Public Address.* H. T. FERNALD, Massachusetts Agricultural College.— Notes on some old -.European collections.* L. O. HOWARD, Washington, D. C. — The Education of the Entomologists in the Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. W. C. O'KANE, Durham, N. H. — Further Experience with an Insectary. (Some difficulties experienced, changes made, cost.) GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY.— A. D. MAcGa- LIVRAY, University of Illinois. — The structure of the thorax in general- ized insects.* J. A. NELSON, Bureau of Entomology. — A pair of Tracheal Imaginations on the Second Maxillary Segment of the Em- bryo of the Honey Bee. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) W. A. RILEY, Cornell University. — Some sources of error in the interpretation of insect Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 tissue.* F. PAYNE, Indiana University. — Chromosomal Variations in the European Earwig, Forficula auricularia. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY.— W. M. BARROWS, Ohio State Uni- versity. The icactions of the Orb-weaving Spider, Aranea cavatica, to Rhythmic Vibrations of the Web. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) NORMAN EUGENE MC!NDOO, Bureau of Entomology, The Olfactory Sense of the Honey Bee. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) E. F. PHILLIPS and GEORGE S. DEMUTH, Bureau of Entomology, The reaction of the Honey Bee to Changes of External Temperature. Instruments (Thermo-Electric Outfit) (Special Scale), used in work on Behavior of the Honey Bee. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) L. M. PEAIRS, Morgantown, W. Va. The Relation of Temperature to Insect Development. V. E. SHELFORD, Uni- versity of Chicago, The Experimental Modifications of Tiger Beetle Color Patterns by Variation of Temperature and Moisture During Ontogeny. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) GENETICS.— JOHN H. GEROULD, Hanover College, A Male Gyn- andromorph of Colias (Eurymus) eurytheme Showing Dimorphism in the Female Color Pattern. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) ROBERT K. NABOURS, Kansas State Agricultural College, Inheritance in Orthop- tera. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) F. H. MOSHER, Melrose Highlands, Mass. Relation of the Number of Larval Stages to the Development of Male and Female Gipsy Moths. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO PLANTS.— P. J. PARROTT, Geneva, N. Y., The Growth and Organization of Applied Entomology in the Uni- ted States. Annual address of the President. F. L. WASHBURN, St. Anthony Park, Minn. Today's Work in Applied Entomology, (A review of recent work in economic entomology). W. E. HINDS, Auburn, Ala., County Organization in the Boll Weevil Campaign, (In- formation concerning organization of county agricultural advisory committees, co-ordinating and promoting all movements for rural bet- terment and bringing merchants and farmers, et al., into helpful co- operation). LEONARD HASEMAN, Columbia, Mo., Entomological Work in Missouri, (A brief discussion of the work which the Department of Entomology is now doing and our plans for extending the work in the future). GEORGE A. DEAN, Manhattan, Kans., Grasshopper Control Work in Western Kansas, (A brief review of the Grasshopper situation during the last three years. The serious outbreak of the summer of 1913. The organization for a systematic fight. The distri- bution of 1875 tons of poisoned bran mash. The result of the cam- paign). Z. P. METCALF, Raleigh, N. C., Report of Field Work on the South Corn Bill Bug, Sphenophorus callosus. A. F. BURGESS, Mel- rose Highlands, Mass., The Present Organization and Methods used by the Bureau of Entomology on the Gipsy Moth Work. WILMON 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 NEWELL. College Station, Texas, A Simple and Economical Method of Filing Entomological Correspondence, (Ordinary pasteboard letter files are used for filing and the correspondence handled by subjects in such a manner as to eliminate the use of filing cabinets, index cards, folders, and transfer cases. The file is self-indexing and has been found practical and efficient in handling correspondence for the past four years). M. A. YOTHERS, Pullman, Wash., Some New Insects of Economic Importance in the State of Washington, (A brief dis- cussion of the occurrence of new species of "Weevils" found in de- structive numbers on fruit trees in the arid regions of the State). A. E. STENE, Kingston, R. I.. Some Notes on the Box Leaf Miner, (Notes on the appearance of this insect in Rhode Island. Its present distribution and observations on its life history and methods of con- trol). R. A. COOLEY, Bozeman, Mont., Notes on two new Pests of the Currant and Gooseberry, (Notes on the life history, economic im- portance and means of controlling a weevil, injuring fruit of the currant and a species of thrips injuring the foliage of the currant and gooseberry). A. L. MELANDER, Pullman, Washington, Can Insects become Immune to Spraying? E. P. FELT, Albany. N. Y., The Reac- tion of Sugar Maples to Miscible Oils, Notes on Forest Insects. W. H. GOODWIN, Wooster, Ohio, Some Factors Affecting Results in the Use of High Temperature for the Control of Insects Injuring Cereal Products. H. T. FERNALD, Amherst, Mass., Control of the Onion Thrips and Onion Maggot. C. R. CROSBY, Ithaca, N. Y., Experiments Against the Tarnished Plant Bug as an Enemy of Peach Nursery Stock. GLENN W. HERRICK, Ithaca, N. Y., Further Data on the Con- trol of the Fruit Tree Leaf Roller, Oviposition of two Apple Pests. \Y. E. HINDS, Auburn, Ala., Reducing Insect Injuries on Stored Corn, (Outlining factors predisposing to injury, extent of injury, methods of preventing and reducing it). GEo. G. AINSLIE, Nashville, Tenn., The Western Corn Root Worm in the South. C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, Canada, Thrips Attacking Oats. L. O. HOWARD, United States Entomologist, Note on the present status of the Gipsy Moth parasites in New England.* J. A. HYSLOP, Washington, D. C., Soil Fumiga- tion for Subterranean Insects. R. A. STUDHALTER, Insects as Carriers of the Chestnut Blight Fungus, (Amer. Phytop. Soc.) E. R. SASSCER, Washington, D. C., Notes on Entomological Inspection in the District of Columbia. D. M. ROGERS, Boston, Mass., The Gipsy Moth and Brown-Tail Moth Quarantine in New England. W. D. HUNTER, Wash- ington, D. C., The Control of the Boll Weevil by Quarantine. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO MAN.— CHARLES T. BRUES, Forest Hills, Boston. Mass., Observations on Insect Borne Diseases in Ecua- dor and Peru. T. J. HEADLEE, New Brunswick, N. J., Anti-Mosquito Work in New Jersey. W. E. BRITTON, New Haven, Conn., A Remark- Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 able Outbreak of Culex pipiens Linn. (Species appearing in West River, New Haven, Conn., where fish had been killed.) C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, Canada, Further Observations on the Breeding Habits of the House Fly and its control. A. W. MORRILL, Phoenix, Ariz. Experiments with House Fly Baits and Poisons. (Tests of the various fly trap baits and poisons used for house flies to determine their relative attractiveness and effectiveness.) A. H. JENNINGS, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C., The Entomologi- cal Aspects of the Pellagra Investigation of the Thompson, McFadden Commission. (Section K, A. A. A. S.) H. F. PERKINS, University of Vermont, The Fly, Oestrus Ovis, Parasitic in Man. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) BENEFICIAL INSECTS.— LEONARD HASEMAN, Columbia, Mo.. Beekeeping and Apiary Inspection in Missouri, (A brief report of the work of the State Apiary Inspector and the work which the Department of Entomology has undertaken.) The reading of papers was followed by a discussion of Apiary Inspection in the United States. Subject: The Relation of the Inspection of Apiaries to other Factors for the Education of the Beekeeper. J. W. McCoLLOCH, Manhattan, Kans., Notes on the Life History, Distribu- n'on and Efficiency of the Egg Parasite of the Chinch Bug. (This paper dealt with the length of the life cycle, number of broods, habits, distribution in Kansas, and percentage of parasitism at various times during the summer.) H. E. HODGKISS and P. J. PARROTT, Geneva, N. Y., The Parasites of the San Jose Scale in New York, Species and Distribution. OTTO H. SWEZEY, Honolulu, Hawaii, Notes on Parasites in the Hawaiian Islands. WILLIAM MOORE, University of Minnesota. — A comparison of the enemies of Toxoptera graminium in South Africa and the United States.* ORTHOPTERA.— P. J. PARROTT, New York Agricultural Experi- ment Station. Studies on the Snowy Tree-cricket, Qecanthns niveus, with references to apple bark diseases.* E. L. WORSHAM, State Entomologist of Georgia. Some notes regarding the natural history of the mole cricket.* PLATYPTERA. NEUROPTERA. ODONATA.— J. S. HOUSER, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Comventzia hageni Banks, life- history notes and variations in wing venation.* J. T. LI.OYD, Cor- nell University, The structure of the hind intestine of Corydalis* See also Coleoptera. HEMTPTERA, THYSANOPTERA.— HERBERT OSBORN. Ohio State University, Studies on the geographical distribution of leaf-hoppers, especially of Maine.* The box elder bug in Ohio. R. W. LEIBY, Cornell LTniversity, Notes on the external anatomy of some Penta- tomidae.* R. D. WHITMARSH, Wooster, Ohio, The Life History of the Green Soldier Bug, \rezara hilaris. ALVAH PETERSON, University of Illinois, Notes on the head structures of Thysanoptera.* 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 COLEOPTERA.— A. F. CONRADI, Clemson College, A little known wire-worm, Horistonotus uhleri* ROBERT MATHESON, Cornell Uni- versity, Life-history notes on Psephenus lecontei and Hydroporus sep- tentrionalis* C. L. METCALF, Raleigh, N. C., The Egg Laying Habits of the Pecan Twig Girdler, Oncidercs cingulatus Say. V. E. SHEL- FORD, LTniversity of Chicago. — The elytral tracheation of the sub- families and genera of Cicindelidae.* The sequence of color changes during ontogeny in Cicindela* E. L. WORSHAM and J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Office State Entomologist of Georgia, Exhibit of Collections of Coleoptera and Odonata from Georgia belonging to Georgia State Board of Entomology.* LEPIDOPTERA.— L. S. BARBER, Cornell University, The biology of Gclcchia gallaesolidaginis with some reference to some of its para- sites.* STANLEY B. FRACKER, University of Illinois, New characters in the classification of microlepidopterous larvae.* ARTHUR GIBSON, Ottawa, Canada, A New Destructive Cutworm of the Genus Porosa- grotis Occurring in Western Canada. (Preliminary note on the oc- currence and destructive nature of a new enemy of Cereals.) H. A. GOSSARD, Wooster, O., The Lesser Peach Borer, Sesia pictipes, (Life history studies in the Lake Erie fruit belt.) CORNELIA F. KEPHART, Cornell University, The poison glands of Euproctis chrysorroea Linn.* EDNA MOSHER, University of Illinois, Some interesting structures in the pupae of the Lepidoptera.* F. B. PADDOCK, College Station, Texas, Life History of the Bee Moth or Wax Worm, (A brief review of the life history of this insect as established by experimental work at Col- lege Station, Texas. There are in this latitude three generations. Carbon bisulfide has been found to be effective in the control of this pest.) N. L. PATRIDGE, University of Illinois, The tracheation of the anal area of the wings of the Lepidoptera and the homology of the veins.* DIPTERA. — LEONARD HASEMAN, University of Missouri, The life- history of a species of Psychodidae.* C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, Canada, The Occurrence of the Warble Fly, Hypoderma bovis, in Canada. PAUL S. WELCH, Kansas Agricultural College, Observations on the habits and life history of Hydromyza conflucns Loew.* JAMES ZETEK, Panama Canal Commission, The dispersal of Musca domestica* OBITUARY. DR. GEORGE WILLIAM PECKHAM, known for his work on spiders and on wasps, died January n, 1914, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We hope to present a notice of his life in a later issue. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV These cabinets are the best and safest ever designed for the preservation of insects. They are used by the leading museums in the United States. Send for our illustrated booklet describing them. BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. JUST PUBLISHED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA By WM. BARNES, S.B., M.D., and J. McDUNNOUGH, Ph.D. Volume I. — No. i. — Revision of the Cossidae. 35 pp., 7 plates $1.50 No. 2. — The Lasiocampid genera Gloveria and its allies. i? PP-, 4 pis i. oo No. 3. — Revision of the Megathymidae. 43 pp., 6 plates . . 1.25 No. 4. — Illustrations of Rare and Typical Lepidoptera.. 57 pp., 27 pis. . . . 3.50 No. 5. — Fifty New Species ; Notes on the Genus Alpheias. 44 PP-, 5 pl 1-50 No. 6. — On the Generic Types of North American Diurnal Lepidoptera. 13 pp 50 To be obtained from DR. WM. BARNES - - DECATUR, ILL. NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae. Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc. 74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. NOVA COLLECTING CASES FOR FIELD WORK STRONG DURABLE CASES. PRICE REASONABLE. 8. C. CARPENTER, 49 Oakland Terrace, Hartford, Conn. When Writing Please Mention " Kntomological New*." K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York North American and Exotic Insects of all orders in perfect condition Entomological Supplies Catalogue gratis INSECT BOXES— We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. NS/3oSs— Plain BOXPS for Duplicates— Pasteboard boxes, com- pressed turf lined with plain pasteboard covers, cloth hinged, for shipping specimens or keeping duplicates. These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more carefully made than the ones usually found in the market. Size 10x15% in Each $0.26 Size 8xio% in Each NS/3oS5 NS/309I— Lepidoptera Box (improved museum style), of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with white glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton. Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed turf (peat). Per dozen 5.00 Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. Per dozen 6.00 Caution :— Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address in corner of cover. .15 NS/309I (For exhibition purposes) NS/3I2I NS/3I2I— K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8x11x2% in. (or to order, 8j?4xio%x3% *n'' $0.70 Size 12x16x2^ in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1 .20 Size 14x22x2% in. (or to order, 14x22x2% in.) 2.00 Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAS, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y, PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION : Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration. dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE— Papilio columbus (gundlachianus), the brightest colored American Papilio, very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each ; second quality $1.00 each. When Writing Please Mention "Kntomological News." P. O. Stockhftusen. Printer, 5:5-55 N. 7th Street, Philadelphia. MARCH, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. 3. J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: ;-:/.KA T. CRKSSON. J. A. G. REHN. i--mi.ll1 I.Al'RENT, ERICH DAECKE. H. W. WENZEf.. PHILADELPHIA : THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL, SUBSCRIPTION, $2.OO IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $1,90 IN ADVANCE. SINGLE COPIES 25 CENTS Advertising Rates: Per inch, full width of page, single insertion, $1.00 ; a dis- count of ten per cent, on insertions of five months or over. No advertise- ment taken for less than $1.00 — Cash in advance. All remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. All Checks and Money Orders to be made payable to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. |&°Address all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, 4515 Regent Street, Philadelphia, Pa., from September isth to June isth, or at the Academy of Natural Sciences from June 15th to September a®"PLEASE NOTICE that, beginning with the number for January, 1914, the NEWS will be mailed only to those who have paid their subscriptions. The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it necessary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates : Each printed page or fraction thereof, twenty-five copies, 15 cents ; each half tone plate, twenty-five copies, 20 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty- five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. 1,000 PIN LABELS 25 CENTS! At Your Risk. (Add 10/ for Registry or Checks) Limit : 25 Characters ; 3 Blanu or Printed Lines ( 12 Characters in Length. ) Additional Characters ic. por 1,000. In Multiples of 1, 000 only ; on Heaviest White Ledger Paper— No Border---4-Point Type---About 25 on a Strii»---NoTrim- ming---Ono Cut Makes a Label. Stwo ME ORDER WITH COPY. FOR ANY KIND OF ARTISTIC PRINTING I.ARUB OR SMALL. IMJK.X CARDS. MAPS. SEX-MARKS. LABELS POR MINERALS. PLANTS. KGGS Etc. IF QUANTITY IS RIGHT. PRICE IS SURE TO BE. C. V. BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET, STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. MARCH, 1914. No. 3. CONTENTS: Ellis— New American Bees of the Genus Halictus ( Hym. ) 97 Aldrich— Bibliography of Diptera 104 Vestal — Notes on Habitats of Grass- hoppers at Douglas Lake, Michigan (Orth.) 105 Simms -Euptoieta claudia at Montreal (Lep.) 109 Cockerell— A new Coccid from Arizona ( Hemip.) no Dr. Skinner in Cuba no Townsend— Species Limits in the Ge- nus Lucilia (Dipt.) in Braun — Notes on North American Ti- neina. with descriptions of new spe- cies (Lep.) 113 Emerton — Recent Collections of Spi- ders in Newfoundland and Labra- dor(Aran.) 117 Brues— The Bethylid Genus Mesitius in South America (Hvm.) 119 The Latest Honorary Fellow of the London Society 120 Rehn and Hebard— On the Blatta aegyptiaca of Drury (Orthoptera: Blattidae) 121 Johnson — Notes on Inadequate Local- ity Labels (Dipt.) 123 Dodd— A new Proctotrypoid Genus from Australia ( Hym. ) 126 Banks— Two new species of Pyschoda (Dipt.) 127 Technical Assistant in Malaria Investi- gations (Male) 128 Editorial— On Writing History 129 An Ant Storv 129 Girault — Naphthalene and Fleas (Si- phonap. ) 130 Townsend — Sequelae of Human Ver- ruga Traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum (Dipt.) 131 Control Work Against Forest Insect Depredations in the Hetch Hetchy Watershed of the Yosemite Nat- ional Park ( Coleop. ) 132 Entomological Literature 134 Lehr — Review of Seitz' Macrolepidop- tera of the World ... 138 Doings of Societies — Entom. Section, Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila. (Odon., Lep., Col., Dipt., Orthop.) 141 Obituary— James John Rivers 143 Dr. Arnold Pagenstecher. .. 144 New American Bees of the Genus Halictus (Hym.). By MRS. MARION DURBIN ELLIS, Boulder, Colorado. The following new species of bees belonging to the sub- genus Chloralictus Robertson were described in the zoological laboratory of the University of Colorado. The material and types are in the collection of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, except where otherwise stated. I wish to thank Prof. Cockerell for his direction in this work and for comparing some bees with types in the National Museum. Halictus zophops sp. nov. 9 Length 6.7 mm. Head and thorax dark green; abdomen black with metallic green reflections. Facial quadrangle a little longer than broad, clypeus produced for about two-thirds its length beyond the eyes. Face very closely and rather coarsely punctured above the antennae, less so on the lateral areas and supraclypeal area; clypeus mostly black, somewhat shiny, and very little punctured. Antennae entirely black. 97 9^ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Pleurae opaque and punctured but without coarse sculpture. Meta- pleura with very weak cross plicae throughout its length. Mesonotum finely lineolate, the fine sharp punctures scattered in the middle but very close and crowded on either side and in front of the distinct parapsidal groove and along the posterior margins. Scutellum with a sharp, closely punctured median groove. Truncation of the meta- thorax with a salient rim, the surface with numerous weak striae radiating upward and outward from the center of the base; basal area without a rim, the edge lineolate, rounded and elevated in the middle, central plica a little stronger than those immediately on either side of it and appearing as a stem from which the others branch off at right angles, plicae at the sides strong and continued over the sides of the segment. Tegulae shiny, reddish brown, paler in front. Wings a little brownish; stigma and nervures light brown, costal nervure darker. Legs entirely black, with rich golden brown pubescence. Abdomen broad ; finely punctured throughout ; apical margin of the segments broad, finely lineolate, not paler than the rest of the segments, discs of the third to fifth segments and sides of the first and second segments with scant yellowish pubescence. Pubescence rather scant throughout, ochraceous above, paler be- neath. Habitat. — Boulder, Colorado, i (type) at flowers of Pulsa- tilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton, April 13, 1913 (M. D. Ellis.) This species is closely related to H. versatus Robertson and H. euryceps, as is shown by the type of the metathorax and the crowding of the punctures of the mesonotum about the parapsidal grooves. It is distinguished from both of these species by the produced clypeus and the longer face, by the metallic reflections on the abdomen and by the wholly black legs. Halictus euryceps sp. nov. 9 Length 7 mm. Head and thorax dark blue green or greenish blue, abdomen dark brown to nearly black. Head broad, face round, a little broader than long, with strong close punctures and sharp lineolation ; clypeus not produced. An- tennae entirely blackish brown. Mesonotum opaque, with fine scattered punctures, becoming crowded in the area just to either side of the parapsidal grooves and along the posterior margin, finely and sharply lineolate. Disc of the metathorax with a low, sharp rim on either side below; basal area entirely without a rim, with relatively few, simple plicae usually reaching the margin Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99 on the sides, surface very finely lineolate. Tegulae dark brown, im- punctate. Wings brownish hyaline, stigma and nervures dark transparent brown. Legs black at the base, shading to dark reddish brown on the tarsi. Abdomen broad and rather blunt, almost black, the margins of the segments never lighter than the rest of the dorsal surface; the third, fourth and fifth and a triangle at the sides of the second segment cov- ered with pale grayish white hair which is faintly tinged with buff only around the anal rima. Pubescence elsewhere rather scant, white on the pleurae and some- what reddish buff on the legs. Habitat. — Beulah, New Mexico, altitude 8000 feet, i (type) and nine others, the end of August; i, July 16 ; I, at flowers of Heradeum lanatum, July 24 ; 2, nesting, July 27 ; 2, on foliage of Veratrum, Aug. 3, 1902; i, Aug. 16; i, Aug. 18 (T. "D. A. Cockerell) ; 6, at flowers of Polemonium aff, coeru- leum, Aug. 18; 6, August 18, r, August 16; 2, August 24; 4, August 25, 1899; 3, August 28, 1899; and 10, (W. Porter) ; Santa Fe, New Mexico, i, at flowers of Solidago canadensis, September 20 (Cockerell) ; Dailey Canon, New Mexico, i, August 10 (W. P. & T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Green Mountain Falls, Colorado, i, August n (J. W. Frey) ; Copeland Park, i, September 6, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer) ; White Mountains, New Mexico, north fork of Rio Ruidoso, altitude 8200 feet, i, at flowers of Solidago trinervata, August 17 (Townsend) ; i, Beu- lah, New Mexico, at flowers of Frasera, July 7 (W. P. Cocker- ell). All the specimens enumerated, except the type, are to be considered cotypes. This species is very closely related to H. versatus Robertson from which it differs in the dark, not testaceous tegulae, the brownish wings, the lack of paler margins on the abdominal segments, the grayish white, not yellowish, abdominal pu- bescence, and the dark tarsi. H. versatus is a widely dis- tributed and very variable species; it is therefore not safe to say that the few plicae on the basal area of the metathorax of H. euryceps separates it from H. versatus, although these plicae are usually much more numerous in the case of //. ver- IOO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 satus. The same is also true of the larger size which is almost constant for H. euryceps. H. zophops is also closely related to H. euryceps and H. versatus, but differs from both in the produced clypeus and the faintly metallic tinge of the abdomen. Halictus jamaicae sp. nov. $ Length 4 to 4.5 mm. Head, pleurae and metathorax dark metallic green, mesonotum more brassy, sometimes with a coppery reflection ; abdomen shiny piceous. Facial quadrangle square, clypeus produced less than one half its length below the eyes; face somewhat shiny, although finely lineolate throughout and with numerous fine punctures, especially close above the antennae; lateral areas of the face with whitish pubescence; distal half of the clypeus very dark brown. Mesonotum sharply and finely lineolate ; the punctures fine and scat- tered, except in the areas just outside of the parapsidal grooves and along the posterior margin, where they are closely crowded ; median groove distinct. Entire basal area of the metathorax very distinctly lineolate; the margin elevated for only a short distance on either side of the middle; rugae weak, turning laterally on either side of the short middle ridge and continued over the side of the segment. Tegulae testaceous, impunctate. Legs dark brown to black, knees and tarsi all testaceous. Wings faintly dusky; stigma and nervures dark brown. Abdomen rather slender, the first, second and third segments a little inflated on either side, just above the broad apical margins; black with brown or sometimes faint metallic reflections, very shiny in spite of the very fine, shallow and close punctures; apical margin of each segment dark testaceous, impunctate. Pubescence scant; slightly buffy on the legs, the fifth abdominal segment, the mesonotum and the free margin of the clypeus, white on the lateral areas of the face, the cheeks and the pleurae. $ 4.5 to 5 mm. long. Quite like the female; the abdomen more slender, the apical margin of each segment narrow and distinctly con- stricted; face triangular, clypeus more produced, entirely green and evenly punctured like the lateral areas of the face, mesonotum less lineolate. Tegulae dark brown, a very little elongate and slightly pointed behind, a few weak punctures along the posterior margin, otherwise impunctate. Second submarginal cell little more than one- half as long as the third. Face and cheeks more pubescent. Habitat. — Liguanea Plain, Jamaica, females i (type) and 6 cotypes, males 5 cotypes (C. T. Brues) ; 3 cotypes of the male (Mrs. C. T. Brues) ; November and December, 1911. This species is related to H. coactus Cresson by the similar- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IOT ity of the tegulae of the male ; the metathorax is rather similar in the two species and the constriction of the abdomen so pro- nounced in Cresson's species is present in the male and indi- cated in the female of the present species. H. jamaicae differs from the older species in the finer and more scattered punctures of the mesonotum and in the dark brown, not honey colored, stigma and nervures. In the present connection the relationship of H. coactus to the species of the tegularis group might be discussed. This re- lationship was suggested by the form and sculpture of the tegulae of H. coactus and H. tegularis Robertson ; in both spe- cies the tegulae are longer than the average for the genus and distinctly pointed behind, the point turning mesially. In H. tegularis the entire surface of the tegulae is coarsely and close- ly punctured, while in H. coactus a large central space is bare and shiny ; behind the punctures are like those of H. tegularis, but in front they are a little finer. The second and sometimes the third abdominal segment in H. tegularis, H. pseiidotegu- laris Cockerell, and H. tegularifonnis Crawford, show the in- flation on either side just above the apical margins as in H. jamaicae, but to a less degree. The mesonotum in all five spe- cies mentioned is sharply lineolate ; and the knees and tarsi in all five are somewhat paler than the rest of the legs. In the light of the relation of H. coactus to H. jamaicae the tegularis group is brought nearer to the rest of the genus. Halictus deceptor sp. nov. 9 Length 5 mm. Head and thorax blue-green, not brassy, abdomen black. Face closely punctured, a little longer than broad, clypeus produced two-thirds of its length beyond the eyes. Mesonotum shiny, with very fine punctures, well scattered in the middle, but quite crowded on either side of the parapsidal groove. Truncation of the metathorax rather broad, unsculptured and with shiny rounded edges; the basal area with no indication of a rim, and with but few, very short, weak and simple plicae reaching one-third of the distance to the margin; its surface shiny, although somewhat lineolate. Tegulae dark brown, shiny. Wings dusky brown, the stigma and nervures very dark brown. Legs blackish, shading into dark brown on the tarsi. IO2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Abdomen shiny black, the disc S IS ^ : -° e « 2 > u) « •-• D. ! 3 XI Ji > U C ^ rt ipl § : c « D x • (- oa U J • at 15 \l JI rt c ctf 1 ; c c 2 £ ; M of " : O .2 T . • . w. : 5. £ : : :£ : u (- C. W. TOWNSEND Natashquan River Labrador rt lypoda nadensis tn i Pardosa unc Pardosa tac Clubiona ca CD a rt U] 0 CJ LENG & ENGELHART Spruce Brook and Stephen- vine Crossing Newfoundland in 3 2 rt .- O (ri^ (/)*> '^2prt t/)c*TJ rilr1 (/:™w*i 3™*CO BO *3 fljOT-CQ rtrtj f3 .r^r™ «* c-s^- 2 -So. >rtp.5 ! ||5 SlBl&l^ tfs.§-& oCw Su^^ai^S grtc™ U >, » u "al — "3 S 2 ° !? iri "3 SJ oC7E xoOcx/ESc ,5^x& Pardosa greenlandica Pardosa glaciaiis Lycosa quinaria Pardosa tachypoda Clubiona canadensis DISTRIBUTION , White Mts., Portland, Me., Greenland , White Mts., N. E. to Greenland , bog at Orono, Me., Newfoundland.... , New England to Greenland r t! V 8 IO •* o a. 3 «3 (u 55 cu — « a 11-1 i S tg, w c 2 u -o C3 -O C w & c »- J rt cu 13 in U) C V t- c - P bo ^^ c rt C < ffi LT] ""O * s fl g E 1 1 22 2 Desert Sulphur Mt., Banff, 7,000 feet Mt. Washington, 5,000 feet v*ttrti.*i:« « f««. • . t— U ? j i t 11 •o * 0 | 2 I • I : i, (. White Mts., Katahdin, Mt f~r*~r, H/Tto AX7Viito Aftc T ft tn } & M M M M M u o u o o (J ! c o o o o o OQ^ flc C£ QB Qd *** **^ **• Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119 The Bethylid Genus Mesitius in South America (Hym.). By CHARLES T. BRUES, Bussey Institution, Harvard University. The members of the remarkable genus Mesitius Spinola1 are some of the largest and perhaps the most strikingly orna- mented species of the varied family Bethylidae. A considerable number of species have been described from the Old World, several of which have been most beautifully figured by West- wood.2 So far, however, the genus has not been recorded from the Western Hemisphere, although Ashmead3 referred to it a number of North American insects which have since been shown by Kieffer4 to fall into quite a different genus, Epyris. The South American specimen upon which the present note is based was collected at Bartica, British Guiana, by H. S. Parish, and given me by Prof. A. L. Melander. It represents a new species which may be described as follows: Mesitius neotropicus sp. nov. $ Length 9.5 mm. Metallic green, blue and purple, scutellum fer- ruginous ; head thorax and abdomen spotted with yellowish white ; wings infuscated at base and apex. Head two and one-fourth times as wide as thick, rather coarsely, irregularly confluently punctate above and on the face, more sparsely so behind, especially on the cheeks ; occiput and temples margined ; ocelli in a small triangle, thrice as far from the eye margin as from one another; eyes large, oval, much narrowed below, bare; malar space very short, not furrowed. Antennae (3-jointed; scape as long as the pedicel and first flagellar joint together, the latter twice as long as the pedicel and four times as long as thick; joints from thence onward shortening to less than twice their own width just before the apex. Ocelli large, on a tubercle in a very small triangle; the face below them with a median groove that extends to the base of the antennae. Head above greenish aeneous, below aeneous ; front on each side below witl- a large triangular whitish spot which nearly meets the apex of thf aMem. Acad. Sci. Torino (2), vol. 13, p. 73. (1851). "Thesaur. Entom. Oxon., plate 31, figs. 8-n. (1874). 'Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 45, p. 62. (1893). 4Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, vol. 29 (2), p. 109. (1905). 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., *I4 spot from the opposite side ; mandibles white, with black tips ; palpi black, the maxillary 5-jointed with the joints increasing in length api- cally; labial 3-jointed. Pronotum coarsely confluently punctate, with a deeply impressed transverse line which marks off sharply its anterior third; behind this with a deep median groove; aeneous in color, with the central portion bright green, with a small median quadrate yellowish spot anteriorly, and on the posterior margin with a narrow band of the same color that widens laterally and extends over the lateral angles. Mesonotum much more sparsely punctate than the pronotum, with four parallel furrows, the lateral ones abbreviated anteriorly ; distinctly purple, with the posterior third of the median lobe ferruginous; tegulae bright me- tallic purple. Scutellum smooth, with a few small scattered punctures, ferruginous ; postscutellum ferruginous, with a black, truncate poster- ior margin and a few large punctures on the disc. Metanotum black, coarsely, irregularly rugose, narrowed behind by converging lateral carinas into a more or less shield-shaped form with subtruncate poster- ior margin; lateral angles strongly produced, white. Abdomen minutely punctulate on the first two segments ; closel> punctate beyond ; aeneous anteriorly, but with green and bluish re- flections beyond the second segment; basal half of first segment and anterior lateral corners, much enlarged below on the sides, of second, yellowish white ; venter with second and first segment, except its pos- terior margin, whitish. Propleurae whitish except for a large black fovea above, confluently punctate; mesopleura confluently punctate, metallic green, metapleura below the spine with a few coarse, vertical rugae. Legs aeneous, whitish at the incisures of the trochanters, and on the anterior tibiae inwardly at tip. Anterior wings infuscated at base over most of the submedian and half of the basal cell, and also beyond the beginning of the stigma, this spot growing much weaker toward the wing tip; basal and sub- median cells completely enclosed by very strong nervures and radial cell nearly closed, although the radial vein suddenly becomes weak be- yond its middle; transverse median nervure not broken; base of cubi- tus indicated by a hyaline streak; hind wing weakly infuscated on apical half. One specimen, which is very probably a male, from Bar- tica, British Guiana, February, collected by Mr. H. S. Parish. The Latest Honorary Fellow of the London Society. Dr. A. P. Semenoff Tian-Shanski was elected an honorary fellow of the Entomological Society of London at its meeting of November 5, 1913, in the place of the late Prof. O. M. Reuter. Vol. XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 On the Blatta aegyptiaca of Drury (Orthoptera: Blattidae). By JAMES A. G. REHN and MORGAN HEBARD, Philadelphia, Pa. In 1773, Drury, in his classic Illustrations of Exotic In- sects (II, p. 67, pi. XXXVI, fig. 3) figured and described a roach from Jamaica, which he judged to be the same as the Blatta aegyptiaca of Linnaeus. The latter species we know to be a member of the genus Polyphaga, and, while in a most superficial manner it resembles Drury's species, the two are quite different. Beauvois in 1805 (Ins. Rec. Afr. et Amer., p. 228, pi. Orth. lie, fig. 4) figured and described from San Domingo the same species as Drury, calling it Blatta lae- •vigata. Beauvois's name has had a somewhajt checkered career, having been considered the correct one for one species of the genus Phoetalia by a number of authors and for a sec- ond member of the same genus by another, while more recently Kirby referred it with a query to the genus Leucophaea. In 1839, Serville (Hist. Ins. Orth., p. 86) recognized that Drury's figure was of something quite different from the true Blatta aegyptiaca, and, having received specimens from Brazil which appeared to agree with Drury's illustration, he described the Brazilian material as Blatta druryi and referred Drury's figure to the same species. There is no difficulty in placing the species described by Serville, which is clearly the same as that called Blatta limbata by Thunberg in 1826 and Nyctibora sericea by Burmeister in 1838. The names limbata and seri- cea, however, apply to a species having much longer tegmina and a smaller and more ovate pronotum than Drury's form, these characters being evident in the figures of both Drury and Beauvois. Almost without exception recent authors have quoted the figure of Drury under limbata Thunberg, or rather under the synonymous sericea Burmeister. Recently we have had occasion to determine two specimens, representing both sexes, of a species of the genus Nyctibora, both apparently accidental importations into the eastern United States, having been taken in situations where tropical fruits, 122 : ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 such as bananas, have been handled. One of these specimens was taken in a store at Manahawken, N. ]., on September i, 1913, by Mr. H. S. Harbeck, the other having been secured on a wharf in Philadelphia.* These specimens were found on comparison with material of limbata from Paraguay and north- ern Argentina to represent an allied but very distinct species, the characters of which were well shown by Drury and Beau- vois. Knowing that the probable source of bananas received at Philadelphia was Jamaica, we examined an unworked col- lection of Jamaican Orthoptera which had been placed in our hands for study and were pleased to find a specimen of the same species included in it. This specimen is a female and was collected at Palm Beach, Montego Bay, Jamaica, on March 3, 1911. This individual proves 'the correctness of Drury's local- ity, which had, however, corroboration in a record by Walker under the name druryi. It is necessary to add the West Indies to the range of this genus and subfamily, something which most recent authors have not done, the general tendency being apparently to discredit Drury's locality. Aside from this, however, the senior author some years ago recorded Nyctibora mexicana from Jamaica.f It is quite probable the accidental New England records of N. sericea given by Scudder^ and Henshaw§ refer to this species instead of true sericea (= limbata), which latter, being South American, is less likely to be imported than a West In- dian species. We are now able to place this peculiarly West Indian spe- cies in its proper position as a valid species, the following references and differential characters enabling one to recog- nize it. *The latter specimen was recorded by Rehn (Entom. News, XIII, p. 309, Dec., 1902) as Nyctibora sericea. Individuals of true sericea were not available for comparison at that date. t Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XXIX, p. 130. t Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. StiL, VIII, p. 9 [Massachusetts] ; Psyche IX, p. 100 [about Boston]. § Psyche, IX, p. 119 [Springfield, Mass.]. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 Nyctibora laevigata (Beauvois). 1773- [Blatta] aegyptiaca Drury (not of Linnaeus), 111. Nat. Hist, Exot. Ins., II, p. 67, pi. XXXVI, fig. 3 [Jamaica.] 1805. Blatta laevigata Beauvois, Ins. Rec. Afr. et Amer., p. 228, Orth. pi. He, fig. 4. [San Domingo.] 1868. Nyctibora druryi Walker (not Blatta druryi Serville), Catal. Spec. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 147. [Jamaica.] 1902. Nyctibora sericea Rehn (not of Burmeister), Entom. News, XIII, p. 309. [Accidental at Philadelphia.] Compared with N. limbata the present species can be sep- arated immediately by the shorter, more ovate form, much larger and nearly semicircular pronotum, which has the caudal margin nearly straight, by the shorter tegmina and wings, which but slightly or not at all surpass the apex of the abdo- men, by the more robust limbs, the much less velutinous sur- face and the uniformly colored coxae and femora. Measurements (in millimeters'). N. limbata Ar. laevigata (Thunb.) (Beauv.) Male Male Male Female Female Misiones, Puerto Phila., Maria- Palm Arg. Bertoni, Pa. hawken, Beach, Paraguay. N. J. Jam. Length of body 32. 27. 27.2 27.8 26.5 Length of pronotum 8. 7.9 9. 8.6 8.2 Greatest width of pronotum 12. 12.4 13.2 13. 12.2 Length of tegmen 31.2 32. 23.5 21.6 20.3 Greatest width of tegmen 12.5 n.8 10.7 TO. 10. Notes on Inadequate Locality Labels (Dipt.). By CHARLES W. JOHNSON, Boston, Mass. The more one collects and becomes familiar with the condi- tions governing the fauna of a given area and their relation to problems bearing on geographical distribution, the more one realizes the importance and value of having the exact date and the locality where a specimen was found. This is especially true of the rarer species, as many of the localities where one collected years ago are now entirely changed ; woods have been cut and the clearings in many cases covered with buildings; 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 while meadows and swamps have been either drained or flood- ed and the original fauna thus wholly or partly destroyed. In 1891 I commenced to specialize on the Diptera in con- nection with my work, on the collections representing the local fauna for the Museum of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, of which I was then curator. As the labels used for the species found in Pennsylvania were only those of the counties adjacent to Philadelphia, and as much of the material has been scattered, it seems desirable to state for the benefit of future workers the exact localities where most of the collecting was done. My note book covering the period from May 30, 1891, to June 25, 1895, represents some fifty-four local collecting trips in the vicinity of Philadelphia. "Phila." stands for all of Philadelphia County. One of the favorite collecting trips was to Fairmount Park, back of George's Hill, along a small brook called "George's Run," thence under the railroad bridge to an old pasture field (now entirely built over), thence to the woods in front of the Epis- copal Home, to Belmont Avenue, then across the fields around Belmont Mansion and down the walks leading to the Columbia railroad bridge and from there home, via Strawberry Man- sion. Another trip was to Chamonix, opposite the "Falls" and also home via Belmont and Columbia Bridge. This was be- fore the electric line was built through the Park. Some col- lecting was also done along the Wissahickon. I can only mention a few of the many interesting species captured in the twenty-seven collecting trips made to Fair- mount Park. The types of Leptogaster atridorsalis (July 14), Dolichopus reflectus (May 30), D. gracilis (August 4), and Chilosia \prima (September 4), were taken near George's Hill, and Callicera johnsoni near Strawberry Mansion, May 7. The latter was collected by Mr. C. T. Greene. The label "Montg. Co." is an abbreviation for Montgomery County. The greater portion of the material marked thus was collected on eight different trips to a piece of woods about one mile east of Edgehill, near the old ore washer. These open woods were a favorite place for many of the rarer Syrphidae — Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 Xylota bicolor and chalybea, Criorhina umbratilis and analis, Sphecomyia vittata, Teuchocnemis lituratus and Temnostoma pictnla. It is also the type locality of Symphoromyia hirta (June 2), Neaspilota achilleae (July 4), Pipunculus atlanti- cus (June 2), and Tetragoneura pimpla (June 16). One trip was made to Arcola on the Perkiomen River, April 27, 1894. Pipiza albipilosa was abundant there. Fairmount Park is the type locality for this species, and also for Pipiza nigripilosa. In Bucks County, Neshaminy Falls and vicinity were the principal collecting grounds, but the amount of material col- lected was limited. The label "Delaware Co." stands for several places covered by about eight collecting trips. The woods between Folsom and Morton yielded many new and interesting species. It is the type locality for Asilus johmoni (July 7), Atomosia sayi (July 23), Empis tridentata (June 12) and Haematopota rara (June 12). My only specimens of Criorhina notata and of Teuchocnemis bacuntius were taken there May 8, while such species as Odontomyia flavicornis and Trichopoda radiata were taken frequently. Another favorite trip was up the valley from Darby to Collingdale and then through the woods to the home of my friend, Mr. Charles Voelker, at Clifton Heights. In the spring (May 5) an old log near Collingdale was usually frequented by Chalcomyia aerea, Pseudotephritis corticolis and Leptis plumbea. Brachyopa vacua was frequently found on the sap of injured trees or stumps. Solva americana and Ech- thodopa fonnosa were found in the woods at Clifton Heights. August 19, 1892, was spent with my friend, Mr. Charles S. Welles, at his home at Elwyn. Among the captures were two new species, Leskia thecata and Plethochaeta versicolor. At Media (June 21, 1895) I captured a specimen of Microdon mcgalogaster. In Chester County, collections were made at Frazer, July 25, and Lenover, August 25, 1893. Later some collecting was done at Green Tree. In this connection I should also like to refer to the locality label "North Mt, Pa." This applies to all species taken at 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Lake Ganoga, August 29; Ricketts, August 30 and 31, Septem- ber i and 2, and above Stull, September 3, 1897, also those col- lected at Ricketts June 7 to 9, 1898. The region is in the Canadian life zone, and yielded many new and interesting spe- cies. There is another matter connected with labels that is often annoying and misleading. It is the abbreviation of the names of places and towns to suit one's fancy. We are not alone, however, in this matter, for I have specimens from foreign correspondents where the locality label defies interpretation. Specimens with lot numbers should never be sent out by the collector until properly labeled. A New Proctotrypoid Genus from Australia (Hym.). By ALAN P. DODD, Nelson via Cairns, Queensland. Family SCELIONIDAE, Subfamily TELENOMINAE. PLATYTELENOMUS nov. gen. ? . Body completely flattened. Vertex of head very thin ; head viewed from in front semi-circular; eyes large, slightly pubescent. Antennae slender, n-jointed; the club slender, 5- jointed. Thorax nearly twice as long as wide; pronotum not visible from above, mesonotum as long as wide, without fur- rows ; scutellum short, semi-circular ; postscutellum short ; metanotum rather long, with a median and two lateral lines of foveae separated by delicate carinae ; the median line straight, the lateral ones curved. Venation as in Telenomus Haliday. Abdomen sessile, fusiform, no longer or wider than the thorax ; second segment longer than wide, equal to two-thirds abdomi- nal length. This genus comes nearest to Aradophagus Ashmead but dif- fers in having n -jointed antennae. Type. — \Platytelenomus planus sp. nov. Platytelenomus planus sp. nov. 9. Length, i.io mm. Shining black; legs (including coxae) and antennal scape and pedicel golden yellow. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 Head and mesonotum with fine polygonal sculpture; rest of thorax smooth, shining. Abdomen with first and base of second segment striate; rest of abdomen smooth. Antennae n-jointed; scape slender, equal to next four joints combined; pedicel twice as long as wide; funicle joints all longer than wide; 1-3 subequal, as long as the pedicel; fourth a little shorter; club slender, s-jointed, the joints longer than wide; third joint slightly the longest and widest. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen ; rather narrow, hyaline ; longest marginal cilia equal to one-third greatest wing width; discal cilia fine and dense; submarginal vein attaining the costa a little before the middle of the wing; marginal vein short; stigmal vein rather long, oblique; post- marginal vein nearly as long as the submarginal. (From i specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch & Lomb.) $ . Unknown. Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). A com- mon species in forest country. Type. — South Australian Museum, a 5 tagmounted plus a slide bearing head, antennae and fore wings. Two new species of Psychoda (Dipt.). By NATHAN BANKS, East Falls Church, Virginia. Psychoda autumnalis n. sp. Gray, with gray, black, and white hair; thorax with dark gray hair, interspersed with a few black ones, abdomen with rather paler gray hair, and not nearly as long as that on the thorax. Antennae pale gray. Femora yellowish gray, tibiae similar, but with black middle and apical bands, separated by a white spot; tarsi black, first joint white on base, second and third almost wholly white. Wings gray, with gray hair, each wing with two rows of about five black dots of erect hair across wing, both obliquely curved, first be- fore and the second beyond the middle, the first one has the anterior and posterior spots much larger than the others, in the outer row the two spots behind are rather dislocated from the others ; between the two rows and near the costa is another dot of black hair; the costal fringe is twice gray and black before the stigma, where there is a white spot, followed by two more before the tip ; apical fringe black ; posterior fringe brown, interrupted three times with white, not as long as one-half the width of the wing. The tips of the black veins tend to form spots on the margin ; in some specimens there are other minute black dots of erect hair between the two rows. The forks 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 are equal, and arise before the middle of the wing, the wing is hardly acute at tip, and of moderate breadth. (Expanse : 5 mm. From Washington, D. C, in November. Psychoda aterrima n. sp. Deep black throughout, with black hair, but that on thorax mostly brown, and some on costa of wing beyond middle, and also near tip are brown; at extreme tip are a few snow-white hairs, hardly dis- cernible. Wings narrow, and acute at tips, the hairs at base and on basal part of costa are very long, many fully one-half as long as the width of the wing, the fringe on posterior margin also very long, longer than one-half width of wing; the forks of the two forked veins are equally long, and both begin before the middle of the wing; the wing is perhaps less hairy across the middle than elsewhere. Expanse : 4.8 mm. From Ithaca, New York, July. Differs at once from P. niger in deeper black color, longer hair, and narrower wings. The types of both species are in the author's collection. Technical Assistant in Malaria Investigations (Male). The United States Civil Service Commission announces an open com- petitive examination for technical assistant in malaria investigations, for men only. The duties of this position will be to conduct labora- tory studies of malaria, to make surveys of malarial regions, and to advise in respect to the prevention of the disease. Competitors will not be assembled for examination, but will be rated upon the follow- ing subjects, which will have the relative weights indicated: i. Gen- eral education and medical training 30, 2. Experience in laboratory studies of malaria 30, 3. Experience in making field surveys 20, 4. Pub- lications or thesis 20; Total 100. Under the third subject credit will be given for experience in identifying different species of mosquitoes and their larvae, or conducting surveys of mosquito-breeding places, or applying practical measures for the prevention of malaria in a com- munity. If a thesis is submitted under subject 4 it must present the re- sults of original research work in some phase of malaria or other pub- lic health subject. Graduation from a medical school or college of recognized standing, and experience in laboratory technique connected with malaria studies, are prerequisites for consideration for this posi- tion. No application will be accepted unless properly executed, excluding the medical certificate, and filed with the Commission at Washing- ton, with the material required, prior to the hour of closing business on March 9, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1914. On Writing History. History is very interesting if true, and it becomes equally ridiculous if untrue. History to be respected should be accom- panied by references to sources of information. In the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Volume 8, page 54, is an account of what happened to the Say collection. According to this account it was sent (some time) from New Harmony (Indiana) and was stored unopened in Philadelphia and forgotten. How long it was forgotten is not stated. "Nearly twenty years later it was resurrected and sent to Thaddeus W. Harris, State Entomologist of Mas- sachusetts, and a very notable man." In the sarnie journal, Volume 8, page in, is a letter from Charles Christoph Andrew Zimmerman to Dr. W. T. Harris. This letter is dated Columbia, S. C., June Qth, 1841. In it he pays his respects to Philadelphia, and refers to the Say col- lection, then in the hands of Dr. Harris. Thomas Say died October loth, 1834. Making no allow- ance for the time his collection remained in New Harmony and the time it was forgotten in Philadelphia and the time it took to send it to Massachusetts, "nearly twenty years" from the date of his death only, would make nearly the date 1854. H. S. An Ant Story. Near Lawton, Okla., according to a story said to be fact, the sports- men of that town have established a shooting range. At the end of the range a great many mound-building ants had established colonies, and naturally some of the spent shot dropped in that vicinity. It was discovered that the ants in gathering the round granite pebbles for their mounds had also carried a great quantity of shot and mingled it with the tiny particles of stone. More than fifty pounds of shot were taken from the mounds investigated. — Bulletin, New York Zoological Society, Sept., 1913. 129 13° ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Notes and News, ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS PROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. Naphthalene and Fleas (Siphonap.). In June, 1913, while giving a bath to an orphan kitten which had been adopted several months before, I noticed some fleas upon it and not desiring to have the animal infested nor to have the house stocked with such dangerous insects, I thought over the possibility of killing the latter. Besides kerosene oil and soap, the only other available insecticide was napthalene in the form of the usual naptha- lene or moth balls used for keeping among clothes. It was thought undesirable to use kerosene, while ordinary soaps seemed likely to be inefficient. The only hope then seemed to be in the napthalene. I took three or four balls of it, therefore, and crushed them into a fine powder by wrapping them in a piece of burlap and using a hammer. Holding the kitten over a large sheet of paper placed over the floor of the veranda, I rubbed the powder into her fur, working from behind toward the head and including the tail and legs. After several minutes, the insects became noticeable about the head, espec- ially around the eyes and at this stage I commenced to remove them by hand, killing each one in succession by crushing it with the ham- mer. In this manner, after about five minutes, thirty or more of the insects were successfully killed and the kitten seemed to be free of them. About a week previous to this, another older kitten had been ob- tained and it seemed to be likely (and was found to be so) that the young kitten had gotten the fleas from this comparative stranger. So she in turn was given the same treatment with the result that over a hundred and fifteen of the vigorous insects were killed; this time a few escaped, though most of them were quite stupid and did not hop when placed upon the paper ; in fact many dropped off. In this case also, however, a few of the insects remained upon the cat ; a half hour after finishing, I went to the cat again and found six grown fleas, stupidly resting upon the top of the fur whence they were easily caught and killed. It was decided, after such toward results to repeat the treatment after a day's time, so as to allow the animals to pick up, as it were, any of the insects which may have escaped into the house. This was done, with the result that about a half dozen fleas were obtained from the young kitten and about fifteen from the older one. The animals then seemed to be quite free from infestation but the treatment apparently made them ill for about a day or so ; the most noticeable symptoms were loss of appetite and an inclination to lie about instead of, as was usual with the younger kitten, continually running about and playing. The Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS older of the two animals refused nearly all food for two whole days following the treatment. But the latter does not seem dan- gerous and is certainly a cleanly and desirable agent for the purpose of ridding household animals of dangerous parasites. — A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson, Queensland. Sequelae of Human Verruga Case Traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum (Dipt.). A preliminary notice of Mr. Nicholson's case, dated November 10, 1913, appeared in the January, 1914, issue of the NEWS. The following data bring the record up to date : Nov. 10, 1913 — Received 30 cc. neosalvarsan intravenously in left arm. Nov. 15 — Fever subsided for good. The fever had lasted with prac- tically no absolute intermission for three weeks, from October 25 to November 15, but ranging all the way from slightly above normal to close on 40 deg. C. The temperature was very irregular, but usually lower in mornings and highest in evenings. During this period pains were pronounced in back of neck, cervical region and knees, more so in mornings. Also during this period the Bartonia bacilliformis Strong et al. was present in numbers in the red cells, as attested by Dr. A. L. Barton and shown in numerous smears. Nov. 15 to 30 — Pains were most prominent in the ankles, knees, wrists and finger joints, especially in mornings. During the first several days of this period the temperature ranged distinctly below normal, and no Bartonia was found in the blood. Dec. I to 24 — Acute pain internally in region of spleen but not affecting that organ, very sharp at start and very gradually wearing away until completely disappeared about Dec. 24 or 25. At beginning of this period the pains in joints ameliorated and disappeared. Dec. 24 — The first sign of eruption appeared, being a minute red point on back of right hand next wrist. This very gradually increas- ed in size, almost imperceptibly at first but rather more rapidly later on, until on Jany. 26, 1914, it has become a perfectly circular well-raised papule 3.5 mm. in diameter. Its initial stage seemed miliar, but its present state must classify it as nodular. Dec. 28 — Several minute eruptive points like preceding on ankles. Jany. 8, 1914 — Typical nodular papule of considerable size suddenly appeared on outside of right forearm next elbow, about 2 to 3 mm. in diameter. Jany. 12 — Several minute points just back of original papule on right wrist. Jany. 14 — One large nodule, about the size of a pea, on right thigh outside, accompanied by several smaller ones. Jany. 17 — Small ones in great numbers have appeared on feet, ankles, shins, knees and thighs. Jany. 19 — Several larger ones on knees and calves. Jany. 21 — Very many small and minute ones on hands and fingers. Jany. 25 — More large ones on right thigh. Mr. Nicholson has not been exposed to any verruga infection since he left the hospital on Nov. 22, 1913, not having entered the verruga zone from that date to date of eruption, and not having been within the verruga zone at night since Nov. 6, 1913. It is quite certain from these facts that both the Bartonia bodies 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 and the eruption have resulted in this case from the Phlebotomus bites of Sept. 17, 1913, to which were added a half dozen bites on the night of Nov. 6, 1913- It is practically certain that only one species of microbe was transmitted during the bites of the Phlebo- tomus. ,. . The injection of neosalvarsan produced a slight temporary diminu- tion of the Bartonia bodies, according to Dr. Barton. They shortly increased again. It is indicated that this drug, in larger quantity and frequently repeated, is a specific against the disease. A complete history of this case will eventually be published by Dr. Barton.— CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, Chosica, Peru, January 26, 1914. Control Work Against Forest Insect Depredations in the Hetch Hetchy Watershed of the Yosemite National Park (Coleop.). Special investigations by the experts of the Department of Agricul- ture have shown that as much as 95 per cent, of the timber in some of the canyons and valleys of the Tuolumne River, which is to supply the water for the Hetch Hetchy project, has been killed by bark-bor- ing insects. The areas in which practically all of the timber has been killed, some of it many years ago, are Jack Main Canyon and Matterhorn Canyon. It was found that the forest growth of the entire water- shed was more or less affected, and that the destructive insects were killing a great amount of timber from near Tenaya Lake through the forests surrounding Tuolumne Meadows to and through Virginia Canyon. This alarming condition, affecting as it did the scenic beauty of the area north of the Yosemite Valley and its consequent effect on the water supply and general economy of the Hetch Hetchy project, pre- sented a problem of great importance. As soon as the matter was called to the attention of the Secretary of the Interior in the fall of 1912, he appealed to the Secretary of Agriculture for such advice and assistance as his Department could render through the expert who has charge of the forest insect branch of the Bureau of Entomology. The matter received the required prompt attention and arrange- ments were soon made for active warfare against the depredating beetle. A plan of procedure was outlined by the expert and recom- mended by the Secrtary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the In- terior. According to the plan, the Interior Department was to allot the required funds, the control work to be carried on under the im- mediate supervision of an entomological assistant of the Bureau of Entomology. This plan was adopted and the work was started just as soon as the weather conditions permitted in June, 1913. The areas near Tenaya Lake and in the Cathedral Basin around Tuolumne Peak to the Tuolumne Meadows were carefully cruised for Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 the location and marking of the particular trees, in the bark of which the broods of the destructive beetle had passed the winter. Two areas representing centers of infestation were thus located and desig- nated— one as the Tenaya Project, the other as the Cathedral Project. Control work was started on the Tenaya Project on July I, and finished when the beetles began to emerge from the bark on July 24. Work on the Cathedral Project was started on September 8, after the beetles coming from the overwintered broods had entered the bark of the living trees, and was completed on October 7. The method recommended and followed was to fell the infested trees, lop off the limbs, pile them on the prostrate trunk, and set fire to it ; thus the infested bark was scorched or burned to a sufficient ex- tent to kill the broods of the insects. The trees thus treated ranged in diameter from 6 inches to 54 inches with the average of about 22% inches. One thousand, six hundred and seventy-one trees were treated in the two projects, at a cost of $1158, including all expenses except the salaries of two representatives of the Bureau of Entomology who di- rected and assisted in the work. It is claimed that this work, with an additional expenditure of about $500 next season, will be sufficient to bring the beetle under such con- trol that very little attention will be required to protect the remain- ing living timber from further serious injury. Both this and an in- festation in the timber around the rim of the Yosemite Valley will receive the required attention next season. The Interior Department has expressed a determination to prosecute a warfare against the depredations of insects in the Yosemite and Glacier National Parks to the limit of the funds available for the purpose. The insect which is directly responsible for the death of such a large percentage of the lodgepole pine timber of the northern section of the park is the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctoinis monticolac Hopkins). It attacks perfectly healthy trees and kills them by mining between the bark and wood in such a manner as to stop the movement of sap and kill the bark which results in the final death of a tree within ten to twelve months after it is attacked. This beetle is the most destruc- tive enemy of the lodgepole pine, western yellow pine, and mountain or silver pine of the entire Pacific Coast and Northern Rocky Moun- tain region. A vast amount of the best timber of these regions has been killed by this beetle during the past fifty years and has gone to waste through the agencies of decay and forest fires, but, thanks to the discoveries of the experts of the Bureau of Entomology, it can now be controlled and a great waste of forest resources prevented in the future. — Office of Information, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D. C. *34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 8 — The Entomolo- gist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 18 — Ottawa Naturalist. 22 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 35 — Annales, So- ciete Entomologique de Belgique. 38 — Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 40 — Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 50 — Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 74 — Naturwissenschaftliche Wochen- schrift, Berlin. 84 — Entomologische Rundschau. 87 — Bulletin, So- ciete Entomologique de France, Paris. 89 — Zoologische Jahr- bucher. Abteilung fur Anatomic und Ontogenie der Tiere, Jena. 92 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 97 — Zeit- schrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 166 — Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 180 — Annals, Entomological Society of America. 189 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 193 — Entomologische Blatter, Cassel. 196— Arkiv for Zoologie, Stockholm. 198 — Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. 216 — Entomologische Zeit- schrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 313 — Bulletin of Entomological Re- search, London. 321 — Annals of the New York Academy of Sci- ences. 364 — Biologica, Journal Scientifique du Medecin, Paris. 369 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 418 — The Philippine Agricultural Review, Manila. 420 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal of entomology, Washington. 422 — Coleopterologische Rundschau, Wien. 447 — Journal of Agricul- tural Research, Washington. 453 — Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 461 — Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologic der Tiere, Jena. 462— The Butterfly Farmer, Truckee, Cal. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 GENERAL SUBJECT. Anon.— The insectoscope (Journ. Roy. Microsc. Soc., 1913, 627-630). Bachmann, M.— Blutenbiologische spaziergange, 216, xxvii, 215-16 (cont.). Ballou, H. A.— Root bor- ers and other grubs in West Indian soils, 372, Pamphlet No. 73. Bervoets, R. E. — Note sur 1'origine dn labre des insectes, 35, 1913, 367-8. Britton, W. E., et al.— Thirteenth report of the state ento- mologist of Connecticut for the year 1913, pp. 181-256. Chapman, T. A. — Host and parasite emerging from one larva, 8, 1914, 13-14. Druce, H.— Obituary note, 8, 1913. 277. Ewing, H. E. — Pure line inheritance and parthenogenesis, 198, xxvi, 25-35. Gossard, H. A. —Fall manual of practice in economic zoology (Ohio Ag. Ex. Sta., Bui. 233). Heikertinger, F. — Die phytokologie der Tiere als selb- standiger wissenszweig, 38, xxxiii, 15-35. Kleine, R. — Das frass- bild, 166, vii, 259-60. Lindner, E. — Fuehlerhypertrophie bei Lyman- tria, 92, ix, 376-79. Morgan, T. H.— Heredity and Sex (Columbia Univ. Press, N. Y., 1913), 282 pp. Morrill, A. W.— Some American insects and Arachnids concerned in transmission of disease (Ari- zona Med. Journ., Jan., 1914, 12 pp.). Newell, W., et al. — Investi- gations pertaining to Texas beekeeping, 453, Bui. 158. Pagenste- cher, A. — Obituary note, 8, 1913, 278. Peacock, A. D. — Entomolog- ical pests and problems of southern Nigeria, 313, iv. 191-220. Semichon, L. — Signification des reserves azotees du corps adipeux des larves d'insectes, 87, 1913, 435-6. Scherdlin, P. — Einiges ueber leichenfauna, 166, vii, 257-59 (cont.). Shelford, V. E. — Animal com- munities in temperature America (Geol. Soc. Chicago, Bull. No. 5, 362 pp., 1913). Simpson, J. J. — Entomological research in Br. West Africa. IV. Sierra Leone, 313, iv, 151-190. Strickland, E. H.— Some parasites of Simulium larvae and their possible economic value, 4, 1913, 405-13. Zetek, J. — Mosquitoes and cobwebs, 189, vi, 208. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Dahl, F.— Vergleichende physiologic und morphologic der spinnentiere, 1st pt. Jena, Gustav Fischer, 1913, 113 pp. Hilton, W. A. — The nervous system of Chelifer, 189, v, 189-201. Bilsing, S. W. — Preliminary list of the spiders of Ohio, 18, xiv, 215. Chamberlin, R. V. — A new Leptodesmicl from Montana, 4, 1913, 424-26. Ewing, H. E. — The taxonomic value of the charac- ters of the male genital armature in the genus Tetranychus, 180, vi, 453-60. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Snyder, T. E.— Changes dur- ing quiescent stages in the metamorphosis of termites, 102, xv, 162-65. Zawarzin, A. — Die optischen ganglien der Aeschna-larven, 97, cviii, 175-257. Zimmermann, K. — (See under Orthoptera.) 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Bacon, C. — A n. sp. of Collembola from Laguna Beach, 189, v, 202-4. Banks, N. — New American Chrysopidae, 4, 1914, 24-7. Cock- erell, T. D. A. — The dragon-fly genus Agrion (Calepteryx) in Col- orado, 5, 1913, 173-4. Folsom, J. W. — No. American spring-tails of the subfamily Tomocerinae, 50, xlvi, 451-72. Hine, J. S. — A note on Anax longipes, 18, xiv, 219-20. Hood, J. D. — On a collection of Thysanoptera from Porto Rico, 420, i, 149-154. Philpott, R. — An addition to the Odonata of Ohio, 18, xiv, 219. ORTHOPTERA. F. N.— La catalepsie des insectes, 364, iii, 378-80. Mackie, D. B. — The Philippine locust (Pachytylus migra- toroides) ; natural influence affecting its propagation and distribu- tion, 418, vi, 538-47. Zimmermann, K. — Ueber die facettenaugen der Libelluliden, Phasmiden tind Mantiden, 89, xxxvii, 1-36. HEMIPTERA. Kershaw, J. C.— The alimentary canal of Plata and other Homoptera, 5, 1913, 175-88. Tower, D. G. — The external anatomy of the squash bug, Anasa tristis, 180, vi, 427-442. Weiss, H. B. — Notes on the positive hydrotropism of Gerris marginatus and Dineutes assimilis, 4, 1914, 33-4. Braucher, R. W. — An undesirable foreigner on the American con- tinent (Cryptococcus fagi), 4, 1914, 14-16. Distant, W. L.— Rhyn- chotal notes — XV, 11, xiii, 176-186. Essig, E. O. — A new Eriococ- cus, 189, v, 179-81. Gillette, C. P. — Some Pemphiginae attacking species of Populus in Colorado, 180, vi, 485-93. King, G. B. — Sev- enth and eighth Kermes from California, 189, v, 205-7. Ryan, H. J. • — A coccid found on the sycamore, 189, v, 207-8. LEPIDOPTERA. Frohawk, F. W.— Notes on the life-history of Lycaena arion, 9, 1913, 321-24. Gibson, A. — The preparatory stages of Apocheima rachelae, 4, 1913, 401-5. Kaspar, J. — Merk- wurdiges erscheinen von Atalanta im gewachshaus, 216, xxvii, 207-8. Linder, E. — Proterogyne beim prozessionsspinner (Cnethocampa pityocampa), 92, ix, 379-80. Longstaff, G. B. — Further notes on scents in butterflies, 8, 1914, 1-8. Mell, R. — Die Chinesen und der schmetterling (cont.), 74, xiii, 25-27. Meyer, H. — Ueber Bombyx mori, 216, xxvii, 228-9. Pfaff, G. H. — Eine neue temperaturformen von Vanessa antiopa, 216, xxvii, 229. Rattray, R. H.— Birds eating butterflies, 9, 1913, 334. Roeber, J. — Lepidopterologisches, 40, xxix, 5-6. Rowley, R. R. — Hunting eggs of lepidopters, 462, i, 68-70. Tragardh, I. — Contributions towards the comparative morphology of the trophi of the lepidopterous leaf miners, 196, viii, No. 9, 48 pp. Barnes & McDunnough — On the synonymy of certain Florida L., 4, 1914, 27-31. On the early stages of some western Catocala species, 5, 1913, 188-202. Some new No. American Anaphorinae, 4, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 1913, 419-21. Braun, A. F. — Notes on N. Am. sp. of Nepticula with descriptions of n. sps., 4, 1914, 17-24. Busck, A. — Note on a bark- mining lepidopteron of the genus Marmara, 102, xv, 150. Dognin, P. — Heteroceres nouveaux de I'Amerique du Sud, 35, Iviii, 380-417. Fruhstorfer, H. — Neue Rhopaloceren, 84, xxx, 133-4. Mabille, P.— Note sur Pieris rapae et P. ergane, 87, 1913, 435. Skinner, H. — A new Pamphila from New Mexico, 4, 1913, 426. Yothers, M. A.— Eugonia californica in the Pacific Northwest, 4, 1913, 421-22. DIPTERA. Barber, H. S. — Notes on a wood-boring syrphid, 102, xv, 151-52. Lutz, A. — Forest malaria, 102, xv, 169-70. Shannon, R. C. — Feeding habits of Phlebotomus vexator, 102, xv, 165-67. Tragardh, I. — En svampatande Anthomyid-larv, 196, viii, No. 5, 16 pp. Wohl, M. G. — Myiasis, or fly larve as parasites of man (N. Y. Med. Journ., Nov. 22, 1913, 8 pp.). Zetek, J. — Notes on the oviposi- tion of Aedes calopus, 4, 1913, 423. Beutenmuller, W. — Notes on some species of Cecidomyiidae, 4, 1913, 413-16. Dietz, W. G. — A synopsis of the described No. Amer- ican species of the dipterous genus Tipula, 180, vi, 461-84. Ender- lein, G. — Zur kenntnis der Stratiomyiiden unterfamilien. . . ., 22, xliii, 289-315. Felt, C. P. — Two new Canadian gall midges, 4, 1913, 417-19. Didactylomyia capitata n. sp., 5, 1913, 174. Hendel, F.— Analytische uebersicht ueber die Anastrepha-arten, 38, xxxiii, 66-70. Hewitt, C. G. — The occurrence of the warble fly, Hypoderma bovis, in Canada, 4, 1914, 1-3. Hine, J. S. — The genus Myiolepta, 18, xiv, 205-10. Johnson, C. W. — The distribution of some species of Dro- sophila, 5, 1913, 202-205. The dipteran fauna of Bermuda, 180, vi, 443-52. Knab, F. — Gad flies of the genus Stibasoma, 50, xlvi, 407- 412. A note on some American Simuliidae, 420, i, 154-56. Melan- der, A. L. — Note on two preoccupied muscid names, 5, 1913, 205. COLEOPTERA. Hille, E. — Die ausserlichen geschlechtsaus- zeichnungen bei C., 422, 1914, 1-8. Stichel, H. — Weiterer bericht ueber vogelknoterich fressende wolfsmilchraupen. Melanismus bei Cucullia artemisiae, 92, ix, 380-81. Urban, C. — Zur naturge- schichte des Malachius bipustulatus, 369, iii, 4-10. Barber, H. S. — Notes on Rhipidandri, 102, xv, 188-93. Grouvelle, A. — Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 56: Byturidae, Nitidulidae: Cateretinae, Meligethinae, Carpophilinae, Nitidulinae, Cryptarchi- nae, Cybocephalinae, 223 pp. Gounelle, E. — Cerambycides nou- veaux de Colombie appartenant au Musee de Hambourg (2d note), 87, 1913, 419-23. Kerremans, C. — Monographic des Buprestides, VI, Livr. 19. Netolitzky, F. — Die Bembidiini in Winklers catalogus, 193, 1914, 50-55. Obenberger, P. St. J. — Drei neue nordamerikani- sche Anthaxien, 193, 1914, 25-6. Neue exotische Anthaxa-arten aus 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 (Chili) , 422, 1913, 190-94. Pierce, W. D.— New potato weevils from Andean South America, 447, i, 347-52. HYMENOPTERA. Cushman, R. A.— Biological notes on a few rare or little known parasitic H., 102, xv, 153-61. Hess, C. — Experi- mentelle untersuchungen ueber den angeblichen farbensinn der bienen, 461, xxxiv, 81-106. Hood, J. D. — Notes on the life history of Rhopalosoma poeyi, 102, xv, 145-48. Natzmer, G. — Ueber die winterruhe der ameisen, 166, vii, 274-5. Pampel, W. — Die weib- lichen geschlechtsorgane der Ichneumoniden, 97, cviii, 290-357. Rohwer, S. A. — Notes on the feeding habits of two adult sawflies. Two abnormally developed sawflies, 102, xv, 148-50. Rudow, Dr.— Die wohnungen der ameisen, 84, xxx, 135-37 (cont.). Die woh- nungen der honigsammelnden bienen Anthophilidae, 216, xxvii, 227-8 (cont.). Shannon, R. C. — Epimecis wiltii, and its host, 102, xv, 162. Strand, E. — Bemerkungen ueber Paxylommatinae, 369, iii, 27-31. Cockerell, T. D. A. — A new fossil sawfly from Florissant, Colo., 4, 1914, 32. Crawford, J. C. — Descriptions of new H., No. 8, 50, xlvi, 343-52. Forel, A. — Nouveaux sous-genres de Formica, 35, 1913, 360-1. Gahan, A. B. — New H. from No. America, 50, xlvi, 431-43. Rohwer, S. A. — Descriptions of new parasitic H., 102, xv, 180-88. Viereck, H. L. — Descriptions of 23 n. gen. and 31 n. sp. of ichneumon-flies, 50, xlvi, 359-86. Wheeler, W. M. — Corrections and additions to "List of type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae," 321, xxiii, 77-83. MACROLEPIDOPTERA by PROF. DR. A. SEITZ. Critical Remarks by WJLHELM LEHR, Baltimore, Md. The issue of Volume II of "Macrolepidoptera of the World," by Prof. Seitz, concludes the palaearctic part of this great work, in so far as "Moths (Tineidae) and Spinners" (Bombycidae) are concerned. This volume is quite extensive, containing fully 440 pages of text alone, irrespective of the index. It represents, like Volume I, the "Butterflies," the most complete work of its kind known to-day in this line of literature. Above all. it contains the pictures of almost all the species of the Amur Region, of Turkestan, of the Caucasus, of Persia, of Syria, etc., many of these illustrations appearing for the first time. The text of this volume was compiled by nine authors, generally known as reliable authorities on Entomology. In this respect it cer- tainly is astonishing that notwithstanding the "many cooks," a pleas- ing uniformity in the book, in regard to text as well as to the plates, could be obtained, which uniformity does not appear in so marked a degree throughout Volume I. Vol. XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 The following figures are intended to give an idea of the thorough- ness of the volume in question : In the catalogue of Staudinger-Rebel, which appeared thirteen years ago, 238 forms of Zygaenidae were enumerated, while "Seitz" list? 418 Zygaenidae of the palaearctic region; of Saturnidae "Seitz" has 122, against "Staudinger-Rebel's" 31. Furthermore "Seitz" describes 329 Sphingidae against 100 mentioned in the "Stgr.-Reb." catalogue; of Cymatophoridae 86 are given in the "Seitz," while in "Stauding- er's" work only 23 are shown ; of Limacodidae 46 are found in the "Seitz," whereas 15 are accounted for in the catalogue mentioned above, etc. All in all, this volume describes about 300 species (or varieties) of Spinners, besides about 300 Sphingidae. The number of colored fig- ures on 55 plates amounts to nearly 2400. If it be taken into consid- eration that the Moths and Spinners in the Staudinger do not quite number a thousand (to which, of course, some varieties are to be added) ; one must readily admit that our knowledge of the palaearctic region, with reference to Entomology, approaches completion, by means of this gigantic work. The reliability of the text, it must be said, can only be judged by scientists versed in this line, or by specialists of the palaearctic Fauna. The names of the authors, who contribute to this work, are so well known in the scientific world that one may readily place confidence in their ability, their statements and their scientific work. By reading a chapter of the "Seitz," it will doubtless be perceived that the numerous serviceable hints on catching butterflies and cater- pillars, on their raising and mode of living, etc., are based upon per- sonal experience; and that furthermore the author himself has per- sonally bred the principal representatives of almost all the species, whether they live in the Amur region, or in Syria, or in Mauretania, etc.; he has, at any rate, viewed them alive. The vast information on feeding-plants, on methods of catching the animals, etc., are of the utmost importance to any collector. For is there any other book, which, for example, mentions at what hour the caterpillars of Emydia striata must be collected, in order to obtain the greatest quantity of them ; or one, which cautions against delay in taking in the Ognoyyna caterpillars, and admonishes collecting them, before the grass has grown so high that they are completely hidden from sight? As in the first volume the plates are the most essential and pre- dominant features of the work, so they are in the second also. If anyone should deem this assertion to be too bold, that it was left to the "Seitz" to teach the world and show what real good pictures are, he certainly ought to make a critical comparison with other works of this kind. The average collectors are, of course, satisfied with the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 illustrations in the new "Berge," and everybody admits that the but- terflies illustrated therein, in that complex mixed company in which caterpillars, plants and butterflies are placed together upon a tinted background, present an attractive picture. But, alas! how do these "pictures" compare with those of the "Seitz," taken from a scientific viewpoint, which is of the greatest importance to the collector? If, for instance, a Batis in the "Seitz" is entered into competition with the corresponding picture of a Batis in the "Berge," plate 28, figure 49, e, a vast difference manifests itself. This also applies to the illus- trations of the Vienna peacock's-eye-butterfly ! Looking at plate 29 of "Berge," without comparing real nature, one is well pleased with the pyri picture, fig. i, b; but a comparison with the figure in the "Seitz," table 316, discloses the mistakes of the former at once. The borders and the ground of the wings of pyri are in the "Berge" yel- lowish-red, whereas, in reality, they are grey, as correctly depicted in the "Seitz." Of course the representation of pyri in the "Seitz" does not make a brilliant showing, as only one-half of the insect is illustrated, which is furthermore not as finely touched up, in order to be in accordance with real nature, and because it does not show any head. But by comparing it with a specimen in one's collection, it is at once evident, that, viewed from above, all pyri seem to be head- less, as also spini and pavonia. The picture in the "Berge," which shows a big head, is nothing but a phantasm, while the half-picture in the "Seitz" is pure, genuine nature. It is therefore to anybody, who earnestly intends to work in Entomology, far more valuable, than the "trimmed-up" and "pleasingly grouped" illustrations of ama- teur-works. This point apparently so accessory has been mentioned quite in- tentionally, as there is a species closely resembling pyri, namely at- lantica, on which, viewed from above, the fore-head is clearly to be seen. As the plates in the "Seitz" are admittedly scientific in their preciseness, everybody may find in them a productive source of ento- mological perception, and an inexhaustible spring of pleasure. To convey an idea of the number of plates contained in the different vol- umes of "Seitz," so far printed, it must be mentioned, that up to last year they already exceeded 500. As it is, the author has unquestionably earned well-deserved praise with the eminently satisfactory issue of the Second Volume of Ma- crolepidoptera. In the meantime Volume III has also been finished, and Volume IV is nearly completed. It goes without saying, that these later volumes are just as excellent in every particular as the two former ones. "Macrolepidoptera of the World" is also published in a separate English edition by the Verlag des Seitz'schen Werkes, Stuttgart, Ger- many. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 14! Doings of Societies. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NAT- URAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Meeting of November 2Oth, 1913, Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presided. Ten persons were present. Dr. Calvert exhibited a specimen of Erythrodipla.v berenice Drury (Odon,), a salt marsh species from Philadelphia, August ist, 1909, by G. M. Greene. This is the third Philadel- phia record. Dr. Skinner exhibited a picture of the store that was form- erly situated at the northwest corner of Second and Market Streets, Philadelphia, occupied as a drug store by Speakman & Say, the first meeting place of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in 1812. The Say mentioned was the father of Thomas Say, called the father of American Entomology. Mr. Laurent said he had collected specimens of Colias philodice as late as November 7th, showing the mildness of the present fall. Mr. J. R. Malloch was elected an Associate of the Sec- tion. Meeting of December 8th, 1913, Mr. H. W. Wenzel, Vice- Director, presided. Nine persons were present. Dr. Calvert exhibited two lantern slides, showing a beetle, Pachyteles seriatoporus Chaudoir, taken in a bromeliad, at Juan Vinas, Costa Rica. He called attention to certain struc- tures of the legs, viz. : a spine on the first femur and a groove armed with a row of stiff hairs on the first tibia as quite similar to the apparatus known as the antenna-cleaner of the bees and ants ; he supposed that these parts of the beetle may be used for the same purpose. Mr. Wenzel said he had not observed any beetles using such an apparatus for cleaning the antennae. Mr. Liebeck thought the apparatus was used for holding objects of prey. Mr. Hornig reported finding salt marsh mosquitoes (Aedes sollicitans) at Cobb's Creek and Clearview, 'Plennsylvania. 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 He mentioned the prevalence of mosquito larvae in the Phila- delphia sewers in various places. He found thirty-two and forty-eight eggs respectively in two specimens of the Lubber grasshopper from Louisiana. Mr. Greene announced the death of Mr. R. Godfrey, an Associate of the Section. Mr. Ellwood R. Casey was elected an Associate. The following were elected officers to serve for 1914: Director — Philip Laurent. Vice-Director — Henry W. Wenzel. Treasurer — Ezra T. Cresson. Conservator — Henry Skinner. Secretary — James A. G. Rehn. Recorder — Henry Skinner. Publication Committee — Ezra T. Cresson, Ezra T. Cres- son, Jr. Meeting of January 22nd, 1914, Mr. Laurent, Director, presided. Ten persons were present, including Mr. W. T. Davis, of Staten Island. Dr. Calvert exhibited eggs, triungulin larva, pupa and imago of Hornia gigantea Wellman (Col.), presented on behalf of Mr. F. X. Williams, who described and figured them in the NEWS for January, 1914. Mr. Laurent presented Noctua treatii and the fall form of Plus'ia precatlonis. Mr. Davis described a box for containing vials of alcoholic specimens devised by Mr. Sleight. He also described a device for mounting small insects on card points. Dr. Calvert read a letter from Dr. A. D. MacGillivray in relation to the so-called antenna-cleaner of the Coleoptera. Dr. MacGillivray said the structure was common in the Cara- bidae and was well represented in Harpalus caliginosus. Dr. Calvert sketched the apparatus in Harpalus and pointed out how it differs from that of Pachyteles. He called attention to Packard's mention of this structure (Text Book of Entomol- ogy, page 97). Mr. Rehn exhibited specimens of three species of grouse lo- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 ousts (Acrydiinae), illustrating the retention of a nymphal type of pronotum in adults of several species. The tegmina and wings could be seen on careful examination, but being, largely hidden under the pronotum they could be easily over-! looked and the specimens mistaken for nymphs. This condi- tion of the pronotum is known to occur in four species of two genera, two of the forms being African, one Australian and the other, which is new, as far as known, is only found in the southeastern United States. Mr. Laurent called attention to a beautiful variety of Colias caesonia described by Jerome McNeill in the Canadian Ento- mologist for 1889 as Colias caesonia variety rosa. The speaker stated that this variety was found in many of our large collec- tions intermingled with Colias caesonia. The specimen in his own collection had been attached to the label Colias caesonia for more than twenty-five years, until Mr. Roswell C. Williams called his attention to its being the variety rosa. Specimens of Colias caesonia, as well as variety rosa were exhibited. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. OBITUARY. James John Rivers. James John Rivers, well known to students of the Lepidop- tera and Coleoptera, died at his home in Santa Monica, Cali- fornia, on December 16, 1913, at the age of nearly ninety years. He was born in Winchester, England, January 6, 1824. He studied medicine at the University of London, where he came under the influence of Thomas Henry Huxley ; he at- tended Faraday's lectures and became acquainted with Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. He attended the meetings of the Entomological Society of London, where he met Stainton, Douglas, Robert McLachlan, T. Vernon Woll- aston and others. He knew Francis Walker and G. R. Crotch. He lived and collected in Devonshire and other parts of England. He left his native country about 1867 for the United States, settling first in Junction City, Kansas; he was associated with the late Dr. Snow at the University of Kan- 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 sas; was in Denver for a short time and about the middle of the seventies came to Berkley, and became a Calif ornian naturalist for the remainder of his life. He became acquaint- ed with all the scientists of the State and played leading parts in all the various activities, including the California Academy of Sciences. He was one of a little group of naturalists, in- cluding Behr, Behrens, Stretch, Harford, Lockington, Dunn and others, who met informally and were known as the Ar- throzoic Club. Rivers was Curator of Organic Natural History in the University of California until he resigned about 1895, and removed to Ocean Park and Santa Monica, where he resided till his death. Prof. Rivers, as he was generally and affection- ately called, ranged over nearly the whole of the natural sciences ; he was a representative of the old time nat- uralists. He studied and published papers on living and fos- sil shells, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, spiders, reptiles and col- lected plants. His published papers are mostly in the Proceed- ings of the California Academy of Sciences, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Zoe, Papilio and Entomological News. Rivers, with the late L. E. Ricksecker, was the first to work out the interesting life history of Pleo- coma; he studied the habits of a new California!! turret building spider named in his honor by Cambridge ; he describ- ed a new Aniblychila, and in the Lepidoptera was especially in- terested in the genera Melitaea and Clisiocampa. His last paper was published only a short time before his death, in the Bulletin of the Southern California Academy for July, 1913, being a description of a new fossil shell from San Pedro. J. J. Rivers was a real naturalist, and to have known him was a great privilege. His little workshop and museum behind his house in Santa Monica, filled with books and specimens, will always be remembered by those who were ever in it. F. GRINNELL, JR. DR. ARNOLD PAGENSTECHER, well known for his work on the Lepidoptera, died in Wiesbaden, June n, 1913. He was born in 1837. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV These cabinets are the best and safest ever designed for the preservation of insects. They are used by the leading museums in the United States. Send for our illustrated booklet describing them. BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. ENTOMOLOGICAL BOOKS FOR SALE Books, Pamphlets and Periodicals from the Library of Frederick Blanchard, including complete sets of Proceedings and Transactions, American Entomological Society. JOHN D. SHKRMAN, JR. 403 SENECA AVENUE, MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK PHOTOGRAPHING for ENTOMOLOGISTS Every facility for photographing insects from whole to smallest parts. Plates 4x5, 5x7, or 6%x8%. From any insect or well-made microscopical mount Photographs for half-tones for your monograph, for record books or exhibition transparencies. EDWARD F. BIGELOW, PH.D. LABORATORY AND GALLERY, ARCADIA, SOUND BEACH, CONNECTICUT Write for terms and particulars. Send toe. for a copy of "The Guide to Nature" (popular nature magazine). NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae. Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc 74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. NOVA COLLECTING CASES FOR FIELD WORK STRONG DURABLE CASES. PRICE REASONABLE. S. C. CARPENTER, 49 Oakland Terrace, Hartford, Conn. When Writing Please Mention " Entomological News." K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York North American and Exotic Insects of all orders in perfect condition Entomological Supplies Catalogue gratis INSECT BOXES— We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. NS/3085— Plain Boxes for Duplicates— Pasteboard boxes, com- pressed turf lined with plain pasteboard covers, cloth hinged, for shipping specimens or keeping duplicates. These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more carefully made than the ones usually found in the market. Size 10x15% in Each $0.25 NS/3o85 Each .15 i— Lepidoptera Box < improved museum style), of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with white glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton. Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed turf (peat). Per dozen ....................................... 5.00 Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. Per dozen ...................................... 6.00 Caution: — Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address in corner of cover. NS/309I (For exhibition purposes) NS/3I2I NS/3I2I— K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8xiix2>2 in. (or to order, 8%xio%xa% in.) $0.70 Size 12x16x2% in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1 .20 Size 14x22x2% in. {or to order, 14x22x2% in.) 2.00 Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y. PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION : Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration, dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE— Papllio columbus (gundlachianus), the brightest colored American Papilio, very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each ; second quality $1.00 each. When Writing Pleane Mention "Entomological New«." P. C. Stockhausen. Printer, 63-55 N. 7th Street, Philadelphia. APRIL, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867, PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate -Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON. J. A. G. REHN.. PHILIP LAURENT, ERICH DAECKK. H. W. PHILADELPHIA: -™- ' " '""' THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2. GO IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $1.90 IN ADVANCE. SINGLE COPIES 25 CENTS Advertising Rates: Per inch, full width of page, single insertion, $1.00 ; a dis- count of ten per cent, on insertions of five months or over. No advertise- ment taken for less than fr.oo — Cash in advance. All remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. All Checks and Money Orders to be made payable to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. J&"Address all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, 4515 Regent Street, Philadelphia, Pa., from September isth to June isth, or at the Academy of Natural Sciences from June isth to September NOTICE that, beginning with the number for January, 1914, the NEWS will be mailed only to those who have paid their subscriptions. The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it necessary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates : Each printed page or fraction thereof, twenty-five copies, 15 cents ; each half tone plate, twenty-five copies, 20 cents ; each plate of line cuts, twenty- five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. 1,000 PIN LABELS 25 CENTS! At Your Risk. (Add 10X for Registry or Check.) Limit : 25 Characters ; 3 Blank or Printed Lines ( 12 Characters in Length.) Additional Characters ic. per 1.000. In Multiples of 1.000 only : on Heaviest White Ledger Paper—No Border— 4-Point Type—About 25 on a Strip- -No Trim- mine- -One Cut Makes a Label. SKND ME ORDER WITH COPY. FOR ANY KIND OF ARTISTIC PRINTING I.AKUK on SMALL. IM1KX CAUUS. MAPS. SEX-MARKS. LABELS FOR MINERALS, PLANTS. FGiiS Etc. IF QUANTITY IS I:K;HT. PRICE IS SURE TO BE. C. V. BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET, STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate VI. DR. GEORGE WILLIAMS PECKHAM. (Courtesy of the Wisconsin Natural History Society.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. APRIL, 1914. No. 4. CONTENTS: Muttkowski— George Williams Peck- ham, M.D., L L.D 145 Girault— Overwintered Cocoon Sur- viving Forest Fire ( Lep. ) 148 Banks — Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica 149 Ellis— New American Bees of the Genus Halictus ( Hym. ) 151 Girault — Length of the Pupal Stage of Adalia bipunctata Linn (Col.) 155 Eyerand Menke — Adelocephala bisecta (Lepid., Family Ceratocampidae) 156 Rowley and Berry — 1913 as a Catocala Year (Lepid.) 157 Girault — Supposed Diseased Eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth and Record of Parasites (Hym.) 167 Rohwer— The Nearctic Species of the Hymenopterous Genus Sympha Foerster 168 Malloch — New American Diptera 172 Schmaltz — Mantis religiosa Linnaeus in Rochester, New York, in 1913 (Orthop.) 178 Editorial — The Ethics of Publication .. 179 Girault— Fragments on North Ameri- can Insects— VI (Hym., Lep.) 180 Entomological Literature 180 Felt — Review of Kieffer's Cecidomyiidae 185 Doings of Societies — Amer. Ent. Soc. (Ortli., Lep., Odon.) 188 Obituary— Charles S. Welles 192 George Williams Peckham, M.D., LL.D. 1845-1914. (Portrait, Plate VI.) Fahrt der Blitz aus Wolkenmitte, Schlagt er wohl die starkste Eiche ; Tritt der Tod in unsre Mitte, Schlagt den Starksten er zur Leiche. — Musikantcnfahrt. On January 10, 1914, Milwaukee's circle of nature students lost one of its most prominent members through death. Latent heart trouble, with an attack of angina pectoris as the immediate factor, ended the life of Dr. George Williams Peckham, patriot, educator, scholar and scientist. Dr. Peckham was born in Albany, Xew York, on March 23, 1845. In 1853 he came to Milwaukee, where he attended the public schools and proved himself both mentally and physically i45 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 a leader of men. At the outbreak of the Civil War he wished to join the Union ranks, but it was not till 1863 that parental consent was obtained. Within a month after his enlistment he was made a sergeant, and later fought with such personal valor in an artillery regiment, that he was made a first lieutenant at the age of 19 and placed in charge of a battery. After the war he went to Antioch College, in Ohio, and later to the Law School in Albany, New York, where he was admit- ted to the bar. In 1870 he enrolled in the medical course, at Ann Arbor, Michigan, being awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1872. Fitted for both the professions of law and medicine, Dr. Peckham decided to follow neither of the two, but took up the teaching of Biology in the East Division High School, then the only one in Milwaukee. In 1880 he married Elizabeth Gifford ; and from that period date practically all of Dr. Peckham's researches, most of them collaborations with his devoted wife. Three children, now living, proved the blessing of their union. About 1888 Dr. Peckham was appointed principal of the high school in which he taught. Four years later, in 1891, he was made Superintendent of Public Instruction, which office he held till 1897, when he accepted the office of Director of the Milwaukee Public Library, where he remained till his re- tirement, in 1910. In dealing with the work of Dr. Peckham, we cannot sepa- rate therefrom the work of his wife and collaborator. From the time of their marriage these two are inseparably linked in all phases of their work, in their researches, in their travels, in their very thoughts. Scientifically, their researches followed two definite lines — each, in a way, logically the outcome of the other, that of psychology of spiders and wasps, and that of taxonomy of spiders. In taxonomy the Peckhams dwelt exclusively with tfhe Attidae-group of spiders ; the first of their many papers on the subject appeared early in the eighties and was followed by annual or biennial contributions of various length, the chief Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 of which appeared in the Proceedings, the Occasional Papers and the Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, and in the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. The earliest contribution on what may be broadly termed "Animal Psychology" appeared about 1883, in the Journal of Morphology — a brief treatise on mental powers of spiders. This was followed by several minor contributions in the publi- cations of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, on both wasps and spiders, a larger treatise on Sexual Selection and Protective Resemblance (1890), and finally, by the epoch- making work, "On the Instincts and Habits of Solitary Wasps." Bulletin No. 2, Wisconsin Geological Survey, pp. 4 & 245, 14 pis., 1898. It is upon this last-named work that the Peckhams' chief claim to fame rests. Based upon years of difficult and la- borious observations, it bore at once the impress of scientist, scholar and poet : the scientist analyzed, the scholar synthe- sized, and the poet idealized. Just as the "Origin of Species" has its fixed place as a classic of Biological Science, so the Peckhams' "Habits of Solitary Wasps" bids fair to become a classic of, at least, the psychological phase of animal study. Before this, scientific recognition had come to Dr. Peckham in the form of the presidency of the Wisconsin Natural His- tory Society and of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters ; in 1896, the University of Wisconsin honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws. The trait of "nature student" dominated in Dr. Peckham's life. To this he sacrificed the careers of lawyer and physician ; to this he sacrificed his vacations and what leisure hours he could spare from his arduous duties. Dr. Peckham, as the writer knew him, was a small man, somewhat bent with age, rheumatism and the close application necessitated by his my- opia. The scholarly stoop, the silvery white hair, and the mod- erate gait impressed everyone as attributes of a man who has made his mark on the world. On public or semi-public occa- sions the thoroughness and breadth of Dr. Peckham's infor- 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 mation was surprising, even as the modesty and moderation with which it was put forth won him innumerable friends. Amiable, moderate, modest, kindly and scholarly, — in these words his personality is best described. There is one aspect of his work which is probably very little known, or if known, appreciated. This is the literary aspect of his work. "For literary attainment among modern writers I look to Dr. Peckham," a well-known professor of English has said to the writer. "For clearness, elegance and simplicity of style, combined with lucidity and aptness of diction, Dr. Peckham merits a place among the best of modern literary men, and certainly one of the very best among scientific men." With his retirement, in 1910, Dr. Peckham practically ceased his scientific labors. It was then his intention, as stated re- peatedly to the writer, to devote all of his time to his favorite studies, but the revolutions in Mexico interfered with his planned investigations in that country, and his severe rheuma- tism would not permit much outdoor work at Milwaukee. The year 1910 therefore practically marks the close of Dr. Peck- ham's career as educator and scientist. As stated on a former occasion (Ent. News, 22, p. 460, 1911) Dr. Peckham's types have been deposited chiefly in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, while the re- mainder of his spider collections and the greater part of his library on spiders have been donated to the Milwaukee Public Museum. Although Mrs. Peckham has expressed a contrary intention to the writer, it is hoped that she will continue the work so well begun and carried on with her collaboration. To her, the able wife of an able husband, these meager words are dedicated. R. A. MUTTKOWSKI, Madison, Wis. Overwintered Cocoon Surviving Forest Fire (Lepid). Of several cocoons of Attacus cecropia obtained at Annapolis, Maryland, during the winter of 1898, one had been exposed to a woods fire, its outer covering burned off and the next cover very much scorched. Still the adult emerged the following May in perfect con- dition. Several others of the same species, obtained the next several winters, were uninjured. — A. A. GIRAULT. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica. By NATHAN BANKS, East Falls Church, Virginia. Dr. P. P. Calvert sent me for determination a small collec- tion of these insects which he made in Costa Rica, together with two specimens given him by Mr. C. H. Lankester. As few species have ever been recorded from that country, the following records will be useful. [I have added a few notes which are enclosed in square brackets. Most of the specimens will be placed in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. — PHILIP P. CALVERT.] NEUROPTERA. Corydalis crassicornis McLachl. Cartago, at the street electric lights in May ; Alajuela, Sept. 12, 1909. [According to the late Professor P. Biolley's "Ele- mentos de Historia Natural — Zoologia," San Jose, 1899, the Costa Rican name for Corydalis is Maria seca, dry Mary.] Myrmeleon crudelis Walk. Mangrove swamp, Puntarenas, 2 Feb., 1910. Myrmeleon mexicanum Banks. Cachi, 21 Sept., 1910 (C. H. Lankester). Brachynemurus fenestratus Banks, Trans. Atner. Ent. Soc. xxxix, p. 221, 1913. In a rice field along the railroad between Turrucares and Atenas, Dec. 21, 1909. Road from Hac. Guachipelin to Li- beria, Jan. 17, 1910. The first-named locality is that of the types of this species which were collected by Prof. J. F. Tris- tan at the same time. Colobopterus trivialis Gerst. Juan Vinas, 3300-3500 ft., June 29, July 30, 1909. [The specimen of June 29 was on a long freely-hanging vine in the deep shade of the ravine of the little Rio Naranjo, the posi- tion assumed being such as to give the insect a most stretched- out appearance, as antennae, body, wings and hind legs were held parallel to the vine, the wings folded over the back roof- wise. On July 30 two of this species were pairing on a branch over the "farther" waterfall.] j , Ululodes tuberculatus Banks. Rio Tizate, Turrucares, 23 Dec., 1909. I5O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Leucochrysa sp. Cachi, 22 Sept., 1910 (C. H. Lankester), near L. ceratica, but the basal part of the antennae pale. Leucochrysa calverti n. sp. Pale yellowish, face unmarked, basal joint of antennae brown, and a dark spot at outer tip, rest of antennas pale; a dark spot each side on pronotum, and on anterior and lateral lobes of the thorax ; a dark spot on the second segment of the abdomen, and another toward tip ; legs pale. Wings hyaline, venation pale, costal end of costals, and radial end of radial cross veins dark; gradates dark, and faintly bor- dered, outer forkings dark, dark on cubital cross veins, and a rather large spot on origin of radial sector; stigma dark; hind wings have pale venation, stigma and outer cross veins faintly dark. Pronotum plainly longer than broad, narrowed in front. Wings of moderate size, fore wings rounded at tip, hind wings acute ; four to six gradates in each series of fore wings, five in each series in the hind wings ; in fore wings the outer gradates are about as near to the inner as to margin, and inner about as near to radial sector as to outer row; in hind wings inner series nearer to radial sector than to outer series ; the divisory veinlet reaches nearly to end of third cubital cell. Expanse, 23 mm. Holanda Farm, Banana River District, 5 Nov., 1909 (Cal- vert). Type in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. Leucochrysa ceratica Navas. Alajuela, 4 Sept., 1909. Chrysopa effusa Navas. Cartago, July 9, Aug. 20, 1909. [The specimen of July 9 was reared from a larva collected June 17. The larval cov- .ering, to which the maker had attached fragments of the bodies of the insects on which it fed, had its free edge drawn partly together with silk to form the pupa case.] TRICHOPTERA. Leptonema albovirens Walk. Cartago, 13 July, 1909, in daylight; another specimen found floating in the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, near the Cebadilla electric plant, April 12, 1910. Heteroplectron maculatum Banks. Flying over river, close to water's surface, just after sun- set, Rio Liberia, Liberia, Guanacaste, n Jan., 1910. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. New American Bees of the Genus Halictus (Hym.). By MRS. MARION DURBIN ELLIS, Boulder, Colorado. (Continued from page 104.) Halictus pallidellus sp. nov. $ Length 5.5 mm. Head and thorax rather light metallic blue, the mesonotum with a tinge of brassy green. Abdomen brown, the margins of the segments pale testaceous. Face round, a little broader than long, closely punctured except on the vertex, which is very shiny, cheeks and face with abundant short white hair. Flagellum testaceous. Mesonotum very shiny, punctures only moderately fine, and well separated, especially scattered just mesad of the parapsidal grooves, median groove distinct. No rim around the disc of the metathorax. Basal area without a true rim, the margin broadly rounded and very shiny, a narrow crescent-shaped area lying next to the post-scutellum finely roughened and with short indistinct plicae appearing very slightly depressed near the middle. Tegulae pale testaceous, impunctate. Wings milky white, stigma and nervures very pale yellow, costal and marginal nervures light brown. Legs dark brown, the tarsi testaceous. Abdomen shiny brown, all the segments finely and sharply punctured, all except the disc of the first and the middle of the second segment, with abundant short white hair. Pubescence not long but abundant throughout and everywhere pure white. Habitat. — Roswell, New Mexico. I (type), and i cotype, at flowers of plum, April 14 (T. D. A. Cockerell). The affinities of this bee are uncertain ; the shiny meta- thorax, along with the very shiny mesonotum in which the punctures become more scattered along the parapsidal grooves, and the posterior margins of the segments, together with the short face, seem to place it in the same group with //. rjcphyms Smith, H. semibrunneus Ckll., and H. crassiceps Ellis, from all of which the milky wings and the abundant white pubescence readily separate it. It is smaller than either H, pruiiiosifonnis Crawford, or H. albohirtus Crawford, both species with milky wings and pale pubescence (H. pruinosiformis also has the dark costal and marginal nervures), from which the non-rugulose basal area of the metathorax also distinguishes it. Prof. Cockerell compared H. pallidellus with the type of H. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 albohirtus Crwf. in the U. S. National Museum, and found it considerably smaller and quite differently colored from Craw- ford's species. The following characters of H. albohirtus were noted as distinctive on comparison with pallidellus: Head and thorax yellow-green, almost golden green ; front dull and coarsely granular, vertex shining in contrast ; mesothorax very yellow, shining, with strong, not dense punctures ; area of meta- thorax rugulose, with median impressed line and shining rim (area smaller, apical part hardly sculptured, in pallidellus} ; white hair on apical part of abdomen very long and abundant ; anterior wing about 4.75 mm. long (much less in pallidellus} ', hind tarsi, knees and apices of tibiae clear light fulvous. The color of the wings is about the same in both species. Halictus microlepoides sp. nov. 9 Length 5.5 mm. Bright, metallic blue. Face almost round, only the shiny, black, apical half of the clypeus produced below the eyes ; f rons and vertex finely and closely punc- tured, the punctures more scattered on the finely roughened lateral areas of the face; clypeus and supraclypeal area shiny; cheeks very shiny. Thorax opaque; the mesopleurae with coarse punctures above and coarse f ovea above the middle ; upper half of the metapleurae with rather strong plicae. Mesonotum with fine scattered punctures and sharp, close and rather coarse lineolations. Basal area of the meta- thorax a little longer than the scutellum, with a low, rounded, faintly, shiny rim extending well laterally; the surface finely lineolate and with rather numerous, strong, reticulate rugae. Tegulae dark testa- ceous, impunctate. Wings hyaline, stigma pale testaceous, the nervures darker, costal ner- vure piceous ; second submarginal cell very little smaller than the third. Legs black, knees and tarsi dark brown. Abdomen almost nude, very shiny throughout, discs of all of the segments with very minute punctures ; the narrow apical margins of the segments dark testaceous. Pubescence very scant, pale gray on the legs and under side of the body. Habitat. — Organ mountains, La Cueva, New Mexico, alti- tude 5300 feet, i (type) 5.5 mm. at flowers of Datura meteloides DC, August 31 (Townsend) ; Mesilla Park, New Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153 Mexico, in the Agricultural College building, I, cotype, May 8, 1895 (Cockerell No. 2930). This species looks very like and is closely related to H. pruinosifomnis Crawford, and H. lazulis Ellis, from which the very sharp lineolation of the mesonotum clearly separates it. Halictus eophilus sp. nov. 9 Length 6 mm. Head and thorax rather light bluish-green, clypeus and supraclypeal area shiny and a little brassy; abdomen clear brown, margins of the segments much paler. Face round, clypeus somewhat produced, closely punctured, vertex, between the ocelli, shiny ; ocelli glassy white and larger than in H. connexus Cresson (which is a much larger bee). Antennae dark brown, paler beneath. Mesothorax broad, disc rather shiny, with only very weak lineola- tions, but with numerous, close, only moderately fine punctures, which are quite evenly distributed over the entire mesonotum ; median groove distinct but not deep, parapsidal grooves rather indis- tinct. Metathorax not strongly retracted, the truncation without a rim ; a distinct shiny rim around the basal area, widest immediately on either side of the middle, and extending well laterally, truncating the strong, crooked rugae. Tegulae clear, pale testaceous. Wings whitish hyaline, stigma and nervures light testaceous, costal nervure reddish brown. Legs brown, testaceous on the knees and tarsi. Abdomen shiny, but finely and scatteringly punctured, margins of the segments testaceous; segments three to five and sides of one and two clothed with a thin white pubescence. Pubescence of the face, sides and legs white and very scant, a little denser on the cheeks. Habitat. — La Cueva, Organ Mountains, New Mexico, alti- tude 5300 feet, r (type), at flowers of Datura meteloides DC., September 5, before sunrise (Townsend) ; I, cotype, at flowers of Datura meteloides DC., August 31 (Townsend) ; r, cotype, at flowers of Nuttallia wuiltiflora, September 2 (Town- send) ; Las Cruces, New Mexico, i, cotype, on Hclianthus, June 10, 1894 (Cockerell No. 917). This species is clearly a near relative of H. perpunctatus Ellis, and H. pruinosiformis Crawford, with which it shares the rimmed and rugose basal area of the metathorax, and the close even puncturing of the mesonotum. The light clear 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 brown and totally nonmetallic abdomen, together with the very pale tegulae separate it from every other species of the H. perpunctatus group. Like every other species of this group, unless H. sancti-vincenti Ashmead be admitted to it, H. eophilus is a species of the Rocky Mountain region. Halictus diversopunctatus sp. nov. 2 Length 6 mm. Bright olive green throughout, the metathorax bluer. Head broad, facial quadrangle square, narrowed below, clypeus but little produced. Entire face rather shiny, although closely and finely punctured above ; front without a median carina below the antennae, supraclypeal area almost impunctate in the middle, not marked off from the lateral areas by a distinct sulcus, the face evenly convex right across in this region, almost to the orbits ; cheeks shiny but finely punctured. Mesopleurae shiny, coarsely punctured; metapleurae opaque with a very few faint plicae near the upper end. Mesonotum somewhat shiny, with numerous rather fine and close punctures of three distinctly different sizes, the very fine and the coarsest both less abundant than the medium ones. The punctures especially crowded on either side and just in front of the parapsidal grooves ; median groove obsolete. Basal area of the metathorax narrow, with a low rounded rim limited to a short space immediately on either side of the middle, the surface distinctly lineolate and with numerous, simple, strong plicae reaching the truncation. Tegulae bright brown, impunctate. Wings hyaline, very faintly yellow ; stigma pale yellow, costal nervure piceous, the other nervures light brown; second and third submarginal cells subequal. Legs dark brown, inner spur of the hind tibia with five well developed teeth. Abdomen blunt, discs of the segments with minute punctures, apical margin of the segments narrow and testaceous ; segments 3 to 5 covered with short grayish hair. Pubescence pale grayish and rather abundant on the face, cheeks and thorax ; faintly yellowish on the mesonotum and legs, white below. Habitat. — California, I (type), No. 930, collector and exact locality unknown. This species may be separated from all other species of the genus found in North America, with a green abdomen, by the character of the mesothoracic punctures and the configuration of the supraclypeal area. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155 Halictus proangularis sp. nov. 9 Length 6.5 mm. Head, thorax' a.nd abdomen rather dark, uniform greenish blue, abdomen more shiny. Head longer than wide, clypeus produced for half its length beyond the eyes, the margin black and closely punctured. Face rather finely and closely punctured ; the narrow margin of the lateral area of the face, along the supraclypeal area and clypeus shiny and unsculptured. An- tennae dark brown, cheeks narrow. Tubercles pointed and the antero-lateral angles of the pronotum sharply projected, forming two broad angles on each side, somewhat curved forward. Mesonotum finely lineolate and rather finely punc- tured, the punctures rather close and crowded except along the median groove and at its anterior end. Metathorax very short, the entire sur- face closely lineolate, basal area narrow and crescent-shaped, slanting sharply downward, with a low narrow rim extending well laterally, and numerous weak, simple plicae that extend over the rim at the sides. Tegulae pale brown, the anterior half with very fine punctures and rather long yellowish hair. Wings dusky and pale brownish, stigma and nervures dark brown. Legs light brown, somewhat paler towards the tarsi ; covered with rather dense, rich ochraceous hairs. Abdomen broad and blunt at one end, the first segment almost impunctate and very shiny, the rest of the surface finely punctured, margins of the segments not testaceous. Segments three to five and the sides of segment two with a thin, pale buffy pubescence. Pubescence scant and ochraceous, a little paler on the face and lower part of the pleurae. Habitat. — Bayamon, Porto Rico, I (type), January, 1899 (August Busck). In U. S. National Museum. The relationships of this species are not clear. The sharp tubercles and antero-lateral angles of the prothorax separate it from all of the other North American green Halictus. The uniform greenish blue color with the dark wings gives it a superficial resemblance to H. aqnilae Ckll., which, however, is a much larger species, with a short face and a very different metathorax. Length of the Pupal Stage of Adalia bipunctata Linn. (Col.) Two larvae of this species pupating on June 19, 1900, at Annapolis, Maryland, emerged five and a half days later. Another pupating May 27, 1900, emerged early in the morning of June 3, or after six and two-thirds days. When disturbed, the pupa raises itself very quickly to a perpendicular position. — A. A. GIRAUI/T. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Adelocephala bisecta (Lepid., Family Ceratocampidae). By JOHN R. EVER and CHESTER H. MENKE, Greenville, Ohio. (Plate VII.) Adelocephala bisecta, together with its near relative A. bi- color form the only two representatives of this genus in the United States. These two show a remarkable similarity in their larval habits, and as both feed on the same food plants they have not, until very recently, been distinguished. The moth of A. bicolor, in coloring and marking, resembles very closely the female moth of Anisota senatoria. Yet the males of the two may very easily be distinguishd, for bisecta lacks the transparent spot on the fore wings which is so char- acteristic of the male senatoria. The fore wings of bisecta are ochre-brown, speckled with purplish dots and crossed by a purple border line. The dis- cal dot, although white, is very small and inconspicuous. The under wings vary from orange to carmine, but are most deeply colored near the abdomen. The body is ochre-brown, and very "furry." Male and female are marked exactly alike, but the wings of the male are more acutely cut. The antennae of the male are pectinate at the base, and simple at the tip ; those of the female are simple. In the Ohio valley bisecta is double brooded, the moths being found late in May, and then again in July. The eggs are light, brownish green in color, and very flat. They are laid in mats or clusters, and may be distinguished from those of bicolor by their brownish tinge. In nine days the caterpillars can be seen through the egg-shell, and on the eleventh day they hatch. The little caterpillars are % inch in length, yellow green in color, and bear eight dark colored, knobbed horns on the second and third segments, as well as a smaller one on the anal segment. They will feed on either honey locust ( Gleditschia) , or Kentucky coffee-tree (Gymnocladus). In about two weeks they moulted, coming out dark green, with yellow horns and granules. Along each side they bore a stripe composed of yellow granules. After the third moult ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate VII. ADELOCEPHALA BISECTA-EYER & MENKE. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 they developed four silver-colored horns on the seventh and ninth segments. Before, these were only rudiments resembling large granules. In the last moult many of the granules, as well as the last set of horns on the third segment, and the lines on the anal segment, take on this silvery color. The eight horns on the second and third segments vary from orange to light blue. Along each side they bear a compound sublateral line composed of a yellow and blue stripe running parallel to one another. When full grown the caterpillar is about i% inches in length. Its main distinguishing marks from the bicolor are its greater number of silver horns and yellow granules, and in the lighter color of the eight horns on the second and third segments. Near pupation, the caterpillar burrows and, in the cell it forms, turns into a very dark brown pupa about i% inches in length and heavy in proportion. The pupa resembles bicolor very closely although it is not so rough on the wing cases. The caterpillar period of bisecta is from 46-50 days. The pupae are very inactive, yet are seldom diseased. The moths emerge in late afternoon or early morning, and may be easily mated in capitivity. They are night flyers and, as all the Ceratocampids, fly very late. 19 J3 as a Catocala Year (Lepid.). By R. R. ROWLEY and L. BERRY, Louisiana, Missouri. In the middle region of the Mississippi valley this has been the best Catocala year since the summers of 1900 and 1901. Like the season of 1900, the past summer was hot and rain- less and a poor one for most butterflies. Even in August, when the Papilios usually are plentiful along the streams, there was an almost entire absence of them about their usual haunts. In June, it is true, the Fritillaries were abundant through the woods and at Asclepia-s bloom, but that was just as the drought set in, and they were the only butterflies that were abundant here in Pike County, Missouri, in 1913. There was a great scarcity of the "Little Wood-Satyr," Neonympha eurytris, 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 never scarce here before, and even the Monarch and the Vice- roy were among the rarities. Scarcer than "hens' teeth" was the "Goat Weed Butterfly" and the drought actually burned up its food plant, Croton capitatum. Hardly a Grapta was to be seen and only an occasional "Red Admiral." In September, when the rains came, a few Cloudless Sul- phurs, Dwarf Yellows and Little Sulphurs, but not a nicippe, flitted about the straggling flowers in the creek beds. It was a great year for the Argynnids, as we said before, and perfect clouds of them hung over the milkweed flowers, magnificent Cybeles and occasional Idalias, those splendid "Sil- ver Underwings." At one sweep of the net one could take a dozen Cybeles. Some of my school boys took a few of the "Red-spotted Purples," but, all in all, it was a gloomy butter- fly year. However, the poet has told us that every cloud has a silver lining, and the silver lining to the 1913 cloud was the great abundance of Catocalae. The season began early with the usual number of ilia, yielding some splendid varieties, the "white spots," "the pale front wings" and some with the top side of the forewing almost black, but never a yellow hind wing, such as the Senior Author took two years ago. Epione was fairly common and residua in great numbers. Innubens and its varieties came later than usual and scintillans outdid itself in its varieties and beauty. One splendid specimen had intensely black front wings with an almost white outer border and lacking the suffused boundary. Habilis was very plentiful, as also palaeogama, with its varieties, annida and phalanga. Better than all else, the very giant of "Underwings," viduata, always heretofore scarce in central Missouri, was almost com- mon. The Senior Author and Mr. George Dulany took quite forty between the middle of July and the last of August. Perry Click took numbers of it in Caldwell County and shared equal- ly with the Pike Countians in catches of the usually rare nebulosa and junctura. It was distinctly an ilia-epione-residua- palaeogama-habilis-viduata year. From pupae of bred larvae, the first imagoes of illecta emerged June the i/|.th and that was the "beginning of the Vol. XXVJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159 fun." In the woods searching for Cato-larvae from June loth to the middle of the month no imagoes were flushed, but a quest for winged creatures on the 2Oth bagged several ilia. On the following day, accompanied by Mr. George Dulany, the Senior Author took two polygama, two ultronia, one illecta, two innubens, four epione and twenty-eight fine ilia, five or six of the latter being white spotted and one almost black. The day was a close one, with a temperature of ninety degrees, and the moths were at the bottoms of the trees. June 25th was a sultry day after several showers, and Catos were fairly abundant. Lowell Pinkerton was the companion on this trip. A "red-letter" day was June 28th, when Mr. Dulany and the Senior Author added to the usual catches one each of coccin- ata, dejecta and parta. The first palaeogama was seen on July 3rd. We sugared on the night of the 4th, 'but failed to get many moths. The first residua from bred chrysalids appeared on the 5th and specimens of that species and the first neogama in the woods on the 6th. This was the trip on which the best of the scin- tillans were taken. The first retecta was from a bred chrysalis, July nth. The first amica was taken on the I2th, along with the first cara and many palaeogama and inniibens. George Dulany, Harold Davenport and the Senior Author chased the "millers" on July I3th, taking many residua, neo- gama, cara, palaeogama, innubens, scintillans, one retecta, two grynea, a few polygama and ragged ilia and epione. The first habilis was a bred specimen on July i6th. In the woods the first habilis was taken on the Kjth. At the same time Mr. Dulany took the first cerogama, an imperfect junc- tura and the first phalanga. On the 2 ist day of July, the Senior Author took the first viduata, some fine retecta and the second cerogama. July 23rd was a hot day with a heavy atmosphere and Catocalas were abundant, high and low, but nothing new was added to the series taken on the 21st except a snoviana. With a heavy atmosphere after a shower and at a tempera- l6o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 ture of 90 degrees, close and cloudy, we took many moths, in- cluding half a dozen fine rarer, two splendid viduata, four brand-new habilis, the first lacrymosa, besides the species men- tioned on the i 3th. Alone in "Catocala Hollow," on the 28th, Mr. Dulany took two viduata, one lacrymosa and the first each of nebulosa and amatrix. With the thermometer at 100 degrees, close and dry, July 29th, Mr. Dulany and the Senior Author found the woods alive with Catocala, along the branch and upon the bench and side of the hill, innubens, cara, palaeogama, neogama and retecta, in the hollow, with residua, palaeogama and viduata along the hill slope. The valuable catches were three viduata, one cerogama, and the first vidua, as well as the first angnsi. July 3oth yielded Mr. Dulany three nebulosa, one viduata, one splendid carissima and numbers of cara, palaeogama, re- tecta, etc. ; two nebulosa, one vidua and the first lucetta on the 3 1 st. August 2nd gave us three vidua, two viduata, one lucetta, three lacrymosa and a ragged flebilis, the first of the season. August 4th, one nebulosa, three znduata and one vidua. Cara, innubens, palaeogama, residua, habilis and neogama were es- pecially abundant. The day was close, dry, hot, 92 degrees. On the 5th, took two fine lacrymosa, one splendid paulina, one angusi and many habilis. The day was warm, close, cloudy and threatening- rain. The "high-water" mark" of viduata was August /th, when four perfect ones were taken, besides one vidua, one angusi, one lacrymosa and a number of good cara. The first piatrix of the season was taken on this trip. Another "red-letter day" was August nth, when the Senior Author, accompanied by Dr. Roy Marsh, took a dozen cara, one amatri.r, one nebulosa, four vidua, four viduata, two angusi, two lacrymosa, neogama, palaeogama, retecta and residua. There were Catocalas on almost every tree, high and low, in a close, hot, moist atmosphere after a slight rain. In company with Dr. Marsh again on the I3th, the record Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l6l of the nth was almost duplicated, the species taken embracing nebulosa, vidua, viduata, lacrymosa, angusi and one ragged flebilis. One nebulosa and one piatrix on the i5th. On the i6th, in company with Mr. George Dulany, took two vidnata, one lucetta, five lacrymosa, three of which were panlina, one poor flebilis, the first robinsoni, a ragged female nebulosa, seven vidua, etc. Added a lucetta on the iQth. Although the temperature was 94 degrees, warm and clear, on the 2Oth, moths were few and nearly all high on the trees. One viduata, one robinsoni, five vidua and cne ragged lucetta. On August 28th, took four robinsoni and other Catos. Moths abundant and at the bases of the trees. Saw a vidua, a palae- o gain a, a residua and an innubens on the same tree. On the 3Oth, took two viduata, nine vidua, two robinsoni, one lacry- mosa and the last of the nebulosa, a very ragged male. September ist, in company with Mr. Dulany, found moths plentiful. Took twenty-six robinsoni, thirteen vidua, four piatrix, one amatrix, one ragged junctura. The moths were at the bottoms of the trees and the temperature was 105 degrees at 2.00 P. M. On September 5th, took three robinsoni, besides many other ragged things. The day was like the 1st in every way, but Catocalas were far less abundant. Mr. George H. Hosenfelt, of St. Louis, reports September 7th as one of the best Cato days of the year. He took viduata, phalanga, evelina, paulina, zelica and a splendid mavmorata. He captured the last named on the bare bark of a great elm. September loth saw a few ragged robinsoni and vidua in the woods and robinsoni again on the iSth. On September I5th Mr. E. A. Dodge, of Santa Cruz, Cali- fornia, reports taking Catocala hippolita on shade elms. With the Junior Author, the Catocala season at Vinton, Iowa, hardly began before August and was at its best about the first of September, and the catches included minuta, ultronia, polygama, clintoiii, innubens, parta, cerogama; retecta, palaeogama, neogama, piatrix, cara, amatrix, nnijiiga, relicta and varieties, one coccinata, arnica and meskei. l62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Both of the authors are still somewhat puzzled over the scarcity of Catocalas one day and it may be, their great abundance the very next. On damp, sultry days, insects fairly swarmed in the valleys, not only Catocalae, but other winged hexapods, while on close, hot days the moths were usually abundant and low on the trees everywhere. On cool or high- windy days few moths were to be seen, high or low. The puzzle is what becomes o"f all the Catos on such days. After all, isn't it barely possible that one year is quite as prolific of moths as another and the supposed great abundance of some years is merely the result of weather conditions that drive the moths to the forest and low on the trees? At least, this will account for the abundance or scarcity on certain days. Another point, in observation on one species, namely, lacrymosa, that this moth fluctuates in numbers from day to day, being fairly common one day and almost totally absent the next, under the same weather conditions. It is true, they may be high in the trees and always fairly common during their season, but this is hardly probable. One can imagine that they migrate from place to place in the woods. The Junior Author found that some species rare in the daytime were rather common at night, as she sugared. The Dodges found that true of amatrix here some years ago. Now, amatri.v is a rare moth by daylight at Louisiana, but not uncommon at bait in the late summer eve- nings. It was interesting to find, this summer, that several species of Catocala feed at flowers and the observation was the result of the accidental finding of the pollen grains of Asclepias cornuti adhering to the legs of innubens, epione and residua. Of female Catocalae, imprisoned in paper sacks for eggs, numbers of retecta, residua, palaeogama, habilis, neogama and vidua lived a month, supplied with crushed or bruised grapes for food and with a change of air and food every day. Some of these prisoners, fairly fresh, laid no eggs, while battered specimens sometimes laid hundreds. Some specimens hardly survived a week, dying with no apparent excuse. In the forest, Catocala viduata proved to be easy game, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163 rarely flying away from the hickory or white oak on which it rested, even if disturbed, while lacrymosa took flight at the slightest sound and was hard to trap. Associated under the roots of trees overhanging the brook were car a, amatri.r, junctnra and nebulosa, the last named always out of sight, and the wariest of the Catocalae. Mr. Dulany seemed to make a specialty of capturing epione, lacry- mosa and nebulosa, and certainly became proficient in taking them. Residua, angusi and Judith are always at rest on hickory and usually the shell-bark variety. Vidua, vidnata, rob'msoni, retecta and habilis on hickory or white oak, and occasionally on sugar tree ; arnica on white oak. Both Mr. Ernst Schwarz and George Hosenfelt report the capture of Catocala titania about St. Louis in the early part of the season among the crabs and hawthorns. On the collecting trips of June 2ist, 28th, July 4th, 6th, I2th, I3th, iQth, 27th, 2Qth, 3ist, August 2nd, i6th and September ist, Mr. George W. Dulany accompanied the Senior Author, and it was his unerring eye and perseverance that made pos- sible many of the best catches. As a Catocala hunter, he has no superior. Perhaps we should call attention to the entire absence of Catocala subnata and insolabilis and the great scarcity of flebilis, amatri.r and piatri.v in the neighborhood of Louisiana, Mo., in the summer of 1913. The attempt to feed the young larvae of Catocala aspasia on willow was a failure and the caterpillars that hatched on May 5th lived nearly two weeks. RESUME" OF OBSERVATIONS IN 1913. June 15 illecta, rarely taken in the woods. 20 first ilia with the white spotted variety. 21 first ultronia, poly (jama, inniibcns, c pious. 25 first scintillans. 26 minuta. 28 coccinata, dejecta, parta. 29 ultronia abundant. 29 aholibah (bred.) 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 July 2 neogama (bred.) 3 verecunda (bred), first palaeogama. 5 grynea (bred) nebulosa, 1912. 6 neogama, first in the woods insolabilis, 1912. 6 residua, first in the woods. Afterward very plentiful. 6 innubens and scintillans, suddenly become plentiful. 11 retecta (bred.) 12 first arnica and cara. Innubens numerous. 13 retecta in the woods, grynea viduata and pau- lina, 1911. 16 habilis (bred.) 19 habilis in the woods, cerogama, ragged junctura. 19 phalanga. 21 first viduata. 23 residua, palaeogama and cara, abundant. 23 cerogama, snoviana. 27 lacrymosa. 28 nebulosa, amatrix. 29 angusi. 30 carissima. 31 first vidua, lucetta. Aug. 2 ragged flebilis. 5 paulina. 7 first piatrix. 16 first robinsoni. 30 robinsoni and z/tdwa fairly common and good. Imagoes are worth taking for a month from first appearance. 1913 gave an abundance of epione, residua, palaeogama, habilis, viduata, nebulosa, robinsoni. DESCRIPTIONS OF EARLY STAGES. Catocala aholibah. Eggs of Catocala aholibah, as well as those of the variety colora- densis hatched on the ist and 2nd of May and at one and a half days of age were light grayish brown with dark brown heads and about one-fourth of an inch in length. Lateral lines and stripes indistinct. The larvae of both these forms indistinguishable throughout their growth. On the 5th, the larvae of aholibah moulted for the first time and were light in color, with large bi-lobed head, distinct tubercle and short black bristles. Longitudinal body lines more distinct. The little caterpillars after the first moult take to the twigs for color protec- tion ; i. e., lie lengthwise of the twigs. The second moult occurred on the morning of the 8th and the lar- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165 vae were over half an inch long, dark gray with fine longitudinal light lines. A strong hump over the 5th abdominal segment. Head large with facial white lines. Face flat, slightly lobed above. The top of the abdominal hump black. The third moult occurred on the I2th and I3th and the larvae were about an inch long, dirty gray with a big head, bearing a pair of blunt-like tubercles above with yellow lunules in front. Body tuber- cles yellow-brown. A sharp dark brown hump with a yellow point over the 3rd pair of prolegs. A pair of strong tubercles over the 7th abdominal segment. After the fourth moult on the :6th, the caterpillars were from il/2 to 1^4 inches long, light gray with a yellowish tinge. Tubercles white with black tips. Head large, flat in front, lobed above with yellowish tips to the lobes and heavy black lines behind the lobes. Head a lit- tle lighter in front than the rest of the body. A pale brownish band just behind the hump over the 3rd prolegs. The hump is hardly dis- tinguishable from the body color except it has a white top. The pair of tubercles over the 8th abdominal segment have black tips and are strong. The under side of the body light with round black spots. By May 21 st, the larvae of aholibah were full grown and less than three inches long, thick heavy caterpillars, gray with a brownish tinge, black dots in encircling irregular white patches. Tubercles black in a white basal spot. The cross band over the 3rd pair of pro- legs light yellow brown. Hump with dark base and yellow tip. The lateral row of setae rather short. The bristles on the top of the tubercle short. Head bi-lobed above with a broad black band behind the lobes. The true legs reddish brown with cross black bands at the segments. Spiracles black with an encircling white patch or line. A cross patch of lighter than body color over the first abdominal seg- ment. The under side of the body pale or white with a midrow of large black spots in red-brown or yellow-brown patches. All of the coloradensis larvae died after the fourth moult and the first of the aholibah began spinning on the 23rd. From a number of chrysalids of aholibah but one imago emerged, a fine male, on June 2pth, with a pupal period of over five weeks. The chrysalids were killed, perhaps, by heat. The larvae of both aholibah and coloraden- sis fed on bur oak. Catocala faustina and var verecunda. Eggs of Catocala faustina and variety verecunda hatched on the 4th and 5th of May. The larva of verecunda at the first moult on the afternoon of the 7th was one-third of an inch long, light color, witli almost white dorsum. Head light chestnut. Larva slender. Just before the second moult on the roth, the larva of verecunda l66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 is light greenish, much darker, almost black, along the abdomen be- hind the hump to the rear end. Head light chestnut. After a moult on the I4th, the larva was over half an inch long, pale brown with a cross black band and hump over the 3rd pair of prolegs. Head flattened, body color much like the larva of Catocala cara. On the i6th, the larvae were about three-fourths of an inch long, very light brown, almost cream color, striped indistinctly. A dark reddish brown band crosses the body over the 3rd pair of pro- legs. The hump slight. Head as in cara. Moulted on the I7th. On the 28th, the larvae of both faustina and verecunda were about grown. One of the latter was very light with a tinge of brown. Another, a decided brown with pink tubercles. Lateral setae very short. The cross band over the 3rd pair of pro- legs very pale, obsolete on top. The dorsal hump small, pale straw color. Head as in cara, flattened and lobed above with yellow-brown lobes, behind which is a dash of black to the mouth, the dashes unit- ing above. Under side of the body white with the central row of black spots. Pinkish around the spots. All of the verecunda larvae except two or three, could not slip their tough skins at the last moult and so died. Either the food was not damp enough, or the larvae lacked strength. The first larva of verecunda began spinning on June 2nd and was two inches long, light brown with yellow tinge. Very short lateral setae. Tubercles red- brown but dull. The longitudinal lines indistinct. The hump over the 3rd pair of prolegs small and with a light straw colored top. The cross band behind this tubercle, or hump, is only slightly darker than the general color, and that only on the side. The crest over the 8th abdominal segment slight with a dark line behind it that runs down on the side to the spiracles. Spiracles small with a dark ring about each. Head yellowish, strongly so at the lobes above. A dark encir- cling line surrounds the face. Under side of the body greenish white, with a midventral row of black spots with a slightly pinkish border. Larvae fed on willow. No distinction between the larvae of faustina and verecunda. The first larva of faustina cocooned on June 5th. On the 3rd of July, one pupa of verecunda gave a moth, twenty-seven days after beginning to spin. No other chrysalids of either faustina or verecunda gave imagoes. Catocala residua. Eggs of Catocala residua hatched on May 4th, the same day that the verecunda eggs hatched. On May 7th, before first moult, the lit- tle caterpillars were 1-5 to Y\ of an inch long, light reddish brown with small darker head. Slow growth. On the loth, larvae still small, color dark gray, striped longitudinally with white. Head small, dark. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l6/ After moulting on the I7th, the larvae were three-fourths of an inch long. Very dark brown, almost black, striped longitudinally with light and black lines. Head round and colored as body. True and prolegs light or flesh color. A mid-dorsal row of triangular whitish spots. No dorsal hump. After the moult on the 2ist, the larvae were over an inch long, dark brownish gray with large round head, slightly lighter, not dish- ed in front as in aholibah, and the cara group. A line of small light reddish brown mid-dorsal triangles w_ith the vertical angle toward the head. True legs cream color. No apparent row of lateral setae. After moulting the last time, the larva was gray-brown with large round head, white and brown mottled. True and prolegs flesh color. Tubercles light reddish brown. Tubercular bristles rather strong. No lateral setae. The grown larva of residua is from 2l/2 to 2^4 inches long, light grayish brown, streaked longitudinally with black and cream color. Whole surface with black dots and broken black lines. No dorsal hump or lateral setae. Tubercles light straw color. True legs faint- ly pinkish. Prolegs flesh or straw color. Head round, not lobed, and with pale red brown linear mottling. The top of the crest over the 8th abdominal segment straw color. Under side of body white with the usual row of mid-ventral round black spots with hardly a sur- rounding tinge of red. The tubercular bristles strong. The colony was fed on pecan. The first larvae began spinning June 6th. The first imagoes appeared July 5th, twenty-nine days from the time the larvae began spinning. A larva of residua taken under hickory bark in the woods was over two inches long, very light gray with a mid-dorsal row of light triangles surrounded by dark brown, almost black. A dark brown, almost black spiracular band. Head light gray with pale reddish brown mottling. Stiff tubercular bris- tles but no lateral setae. Under side of body whitish-green with the mid-ventral row of smoky black spots. No humps. Prolegs faintly greenish. True legs pale. No facial dash but with a black splotch either side of the mouth. This larva was much lighter in color than the brood of larvae bred from the egg but the imago differed little from other residua. Supposed Diseased Eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth and Record of Parasites (Hym.) Among a number of eggs of this species obtained during the winter of 1900-1901 there were some which appeared to be diseased in other- wise healthy masses. These were coffee-colored with irregular black- ish markings, and afterward no evidences of eggparasitism by insects were obtained. From many of the overwintered bags Catolaccns thyri- dopterygis Ashmead was obtained and a few Smicra manac Riley. The latter seemed to be the host of the Catulaccus. — A. A. GIRAULT. l68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 The Nearctic Species of the Hymenopterous Genus Sympha Foerster.* By S. A. ROHWER. As far as the writer can learn no record of the host of any species of the Dacnusine genus Sympha has ever been pub- lished. Mr. C. T. Greene has bred a species, Sympha agromy- zae, from the pupa of a species of Agromyza where it is a primary parasite. The conditions under which the host lives &nd some remarks on the parasite will be published by Mr. Greene. While studying these Nearctic species the writer studied the literature dealing with the European species and judging from it none of the species noted here are the same as any of the European species, although sericea (Provancher) is evidently closely allied to ringens (Haliday). TABLE TO THE SPECIES. Mesonotum coarsely sculptured, notauli not sharply defined; (head rather densely and strongly punctured above antennae), belfragei Ashmead Mesonotum not coarsely sculptured, notauli well defined i 1. Prescutum without a median furrow; head below the antennae shining and impunctate lucida Rohwer Prescutum with a median furrow which is foveolate; head below the antennae punctured 2 2. Head above the antennae impunctate; suture in front of the scutel- lum without a strong longitudinal carina, portlandica Rohwer Head above the antennae with separate punctures ; suture in front of the scutellum with strong carinae 3 3. Dorsal and posterior aspects of the propodeum separated by a com- plete oblique carina; (antennae 29-jointed, scape black; hind tarsi dusky) nigricornis Rohwer Dorsal and posterior aspects of propodeum not separated by carina 4 4. Hind tarsi dusky; antennae 27 to 29-jointed; median carina of first tergite complete to apex sericea Provancher Hind tarsi pale; antennae 32-jointed; median carina of first tergite not extending to apex agromyzae Rohwer *A contribution from the Branch of Forest Insects of the Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169 Sympha belfragei (Ashmead). Oenone belfragei Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. n, 1888, P- 649- Sympha belfragei Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. Vol. 4, 1898, p. 30. "Male and female.— Length, 3 to 3 2-5 mm. Black, opaque, rugosely punctate, covered with a sparse, white, sericeous pubescence ; two basal joints of antennae and legs flavo-testaceous. The head is transverse, very short, about twice as wide as long vertically ; the eyes are oval and extend to the base of the mandibles ; the clypeus pro- jects much below the lower line of the eye, and with the short head and the distended mandibles gives the insect a very peculiar appear- ance. Antennae 3i-jointed in the male, 29-jointed in the female; the thorax is shorter than the abdomen, with distinct parapsidal grooves, the middle lobe has a punctured longitudinal groove down the center ; metathorax areolated; abdomen oval, the sculpture having a longi- tudinal direction, the first segment being more distinctly striated ; in the female it is 4-segmented, in the male 5-segmented, the terminal segments being very small. Wings hyaline, iridescent; veins brown; the recurrent nervure joins the 1st submarginal cell between the mid- dle and the apex; the submedian cell is slightly longer than the me- dian. "Habitat. — Texas. "Described from four specimens, two male and two female, in collection Belfrage." [Original description.] Type.— Cat. No. 2978, U. S. N. M. Sympha lucida new species. Male. — Length, 2.75 mm. Head entirely smooth, shining, itnpunc- tate ; anterior margin of the clypeus truncate ; anterior margin of the labrum obtusely pointed ; ocelli not enclosed by a furrow ; antennae 29-jointed, third joint about one-third longer than the fourth; meso- notum shining, almost impunctate; prescutum without a median longi- tudinal line; notauli finely foveolate posteriorly, where they unite, strongly foveolate; suture between the scutum and scutellum with four strong rugae ; scutellum shining, almost impunctate ; dorsal as- pect of the propodeum shining, not separated from the posterior as- pect by a carina, strongly reticulate; entire sides shining, almost im- punctate ; first tergite longitudinally striate and with nine longitudi- nal rugae, second and third segments longitudinally striate, the striae irregular and not as strong as on the first tergite; the posterior seg- ments shining, impunctate. Black; scape piceous beneath; legs ferruginous, the hind tarsi slightly dusky; wings hyaline, iridescent; venation pale brown. I7O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Easton, Washington. Described from one male collected by A. Koebele. Type.— Cat. No. 16471, U. S. N. M. Sympha portlandica new species. Male.' — Length, 2.5 mm. Anterior margin of the labrum broadly rounded ; anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate ; head below the antennae subopaque with fine, poorly defined and rather separated punctures; head above the antennae shining, impunctate; ocelli not surrounded by a furrow; antennae 25-jointed, the third joint subequal with the following. Mesonotum shining, practically impunctate ; pre- scutum with complete longitudinal furrow which is finely foveolate; notauli rather coarsely foveolate and forming a U posteriorly where they are reticulate ; suture between the scutum and scutellum with two fine longitudinal rugae ; scutellum shining, impunctate ; dorsal and posterior aspects of the propodeum not separated by a carina, both reticulate; posterior part of the mesepisternum shining, impunc- tate, anteriorly strongly reticulate ; sides of the propodeum sculptured like the posterior face ; first tergite sculptured like the following two, finely striato-reticulate with the striae predominating, no predominat- ing carina on three basal tergites; the following tergites shining, im- punctate. Black ; palpi piceous ; legs below the coxae ruf o-f erruginous ; the four posterior tarsi being dusky ; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown. Portland, Oregon. Described from one male collected April 28. Type.— Cat. No. 16472, U. S. N. M. Sympha nigricornis new species. Female. — Length, 3 mm. Head below the antennae opaque, closely, rather finely punctured ; above the antennae shining, with well de- fined punctures; ocelli enclosed by deep furrows; antennae 3O-joint- ed, the third and fourth joints subequal; mesonotum shining, sparsely punctured with well defined punctures ; prescutum with a complete longitudinal foveolate furrow ; notauli more coarsely foveolate, and posteriorly V-shaped with the apex of the V reticulate so as to be U-shaped ; suture between the scutum and scutellum with five strong rugae ; scutellum shining, impunctate ; dorsal aspect of the pror podeum finely reticulate on a granular surface and with two poorly defined longitudinal carinae which extend posteriorly to the oblique carina which separates the dorsal and posterior aspects ; posterior as- pect of the propodeum reticulate ; posterior part of the mesepister- num shining, sparsely punctured with well defined punctures; the an- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. terior portion granulato-reticulate ; sides of the propodeum coarsely reticulate; first tergite more coarsely longitudinally striate than the following and with a complete, very prominent median carina ; sec- ond and third tergites with fine, well defined longitudinal carinae which extend to the apex of the third tergite ; following tergites shining, impunctate. Black ; palpi ferruginous ; mandibles, malar space, and scape pice- ous; tegulae and legs rufo-ferruginous ; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown. Described from one female from Colorado without definite locality. Type.— Cat. No. 16473, U. S. N. M. Sympha sericea (Provancher). Oenone sericea Provancher, Addit. fauna Canad. Hym., 1888, p. 394. Sympha sericea Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. Vol. 4, 1898, p. 30. Original Description. " 9 . — Long. .12 pee. Noire avec les pattes jaune-miel. Les mandibules jaunes avec 1'extremite noire. Antennes soyeuses, noires, le scape jaunatre en dessous ; les ecailles alaires jaunes. Le mesothorax a 3 sillons bien prononces, se reunissant avant d'atteindre la fossette de la base de 1'ecusson, les 2 lateraux creneles; le metathorax finement rugueux. Ailes hyalines, le stigma et les ner- vures brun-fonce. Pattes jaune-miel sans aucune tache y compris les hanches. Abdomen sans aucune tache, soyeux, seulement 3 seg- ments; tariere a peine sortante. — Ottawa (Harrington.)" Additional Characters. — Head below the antennae with fine, rather close punctures, above the antennae with well separated and well de- fined punctures; ocelli enclosed by a deep furrow; median, longi- tudinal line of prescutum complete, well defined, f oveolate ; suture in front of the scutellum with four strong rugae; dorsal aspect of the propodeum irregularly reticulate on a granular surface, with two raised, but poorly defined longitudinal lines; carapace sculptured to apex, the following segments smooth. Above characters taken from a female from the type local- ity, collected by Harrington and now in collections of U. S. N. M. Sympha agromyzae new species. Fern-ale. — Length, 3 mm. Head below the antennae shining, sparse- ly punctured with fine, well defined punctures ; above the antennae shining, punctured with sparse but well defined punctures; ocelli en- closed by a strong furrow; antennae 32-jointed, the third joint about one-fourth longer than the fourth ; mesonotum with fine, well defined I72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 punctures; prescutum with a complete, longitudinally foveolate fur- row; notauli foveolate, U-shaped posteriorly where they are more strongly foveolate but are not depressed; suture between the scutum and scutellum with three strong longitudinal rugae; scutellum shin- ing, with a few fine punctures ; dorsal aspect of the propodeum coarsely reticulate and not separated from the posterior aspect which is also coarsely reticulate; mesepisternum ' reticulate, more strongly so anteriorly, with a rather small, shining, punctured spot on the posterior part; sides of the propodeum strongly reticulate; first ter- gite coarsely, longitudinally striato-reticulate, the striae predominat- ing, no complete, well defined median stria; second and third tergites sculptured similarly to the first, but not so strongly so; the apex of the third tergite almost impunctate and shining, as are the follow- ing tergites. Black; palpi pale brown; mandibles, scape, pedicel, tegulae in part, ruf o-ferruginous ; legs ferruginous ; wings hyaline, iridescent, vena- tion pale brown, stigma dark brown. Chain Bridge, District of Columbia. Described from one female recorded under Bureau of Entomology Number Hopk. U. S. 102193, collected by Mr. C. T. Greene and reared from species of Agromysa. A paratype from Ithaca, New York. Type.— Cat. No. 16474, U. S. N. M. New American Diptera. By J. R. MALLOCH. The species included in this paper are described from types in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Hydrotaea cressoni, new species. Male. — Glossy black, with a distinct, bluish tinge. Frontal lunule, face and eye margins beneath level of antennae silvery pollinose. Proboscis and palpi black. Mesonotum without any indications of stripes or pollinosity. Abdominal segments 3, 4 and 5 with a very distinct, elongate, anterior marginal spot on each side, forming an in- terrupted white fascia on each segment. Legs black. Wings clear. Calyptrae white, margins and fringe yellowish. Halteres yellow. Eyes distinctly, but not thickly, pubescent; frontal stripe narrow; third antennal joint not twice as long as second; arista with an elon- gate swelling at base, microscopically pubescent; cheeks linear, bris- tles numerous and moderately strong; palpi elongate, with numerous hair-like bristles. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 173 Two pairs of presutural and four pairs of postsutural macro- chaetae on mesonotum ; acrostichals indistinguishable from the rather long discal hairs. Fore femur with a short, sharp, forwardly directed tooth at about apical fourth on the postero-ventral surface, on the base of which, on the posterior side, are 2 bristles ; antero-ventral surface with an elongate, ridge-like callosity slightly nearer to base of femur; bristles at base on postero-ventral surface very long, decreasing in length to middle; beyond the postero-ventral thorn there are 2-3 short bristles on same surface; fore tibia attenuated at base, hollowed out on ventral surface, the postero-ventral margin with a slightly raised ridge on middle; one long bristle on apical third of postero-ventral surface, one, shorter, on dorsal surface nearer to apex and another short one at apex on almost the posterior surface : fore metatarsus as long as next 3 joints. Mid femur thin, slightly curved, and except at near base almost bare; mid tibia without any bristles. Hind femur elongated, reaching slightly beyond apex of abdomen, curved, and slightly dilated on beyond middle ; ventral surface with two short, closely approxi- mated thick thorns, which have the tips dilated; anterior surface with a row of bristles which become longer and stronger, are more widely placed and descend slightly as they approach apex of femur ; postero- ventral surface bare ; hind tibia curved, apically becoming slightly thicker, and four-fifths as long as femur; ventral surfaces on apical half with numerous closely placed hair-like bristles which are at middle rather more than equal in length to the tibial diameter, and rapidly decrease in length to apex; dorsal bristle very long; antero-dorsal surface with a series of short bristles from base to upper antero- dorsal bristle. Wings with veins 3 and 4 slightly convergent ; last section of fourth vein 2^2 times as long as penultimate section. Calyptrae with the lower scale distinctly protruding. Length 4.5 mm. Holotype: Cloudcroft, New Mexico, May 24, 1902, (H. L. Viersck). Type No. 6053. Allied to ciliata, Fabricius, but the absence of the very long mid femoral apical bristles, so conspicuous in that species, readily distinguishes it from ciliata. Pseudostenophora bispinosa n. sp. Female. — Black, subopaque. Antennae, tibiae and tarsi brownish- yellow. Wings slightly grayish. Halteres yellow, knob black-brown. Frons twice as broad as long; second row of bristles straight, one pair of bristles only in first row; antennae normal in size; arista nearly twice as long as width of frons, distinctly pubescent; palpi 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 slightly larger than third joint of antenna, with several end bristles; proboscis thickened and enlarged, almost identical in form with that of Aphiochaeta rostrata Brues. Mesonotum with i pair of dorso-centrals ; scutellum with 2 bristles. Abdomen almost bare, anal organs hairy. Fore tibia with i dorsal bristle before the middle; mid tibia with the normal 2 on basal third very weak, and the one at apex not dis- tinguishable; hind tibia without any bristle, or with a weak one on antero-dorsal surface before middle. Costa to about three-fifths the wing length, first division equal to 2 plus 3, 3 about three-fourths as long as 2; fourth vein leaving third at about midway from fork to apex with a very decided curve (as in Trupheoneura zntrincrvis Malloch) and ending almost at wing tip; seventh vein less distinct than the others, but complete ; costal fringe fine and close, its length equal to about twice the diameter of costal vein. Length 1.5 mm. Holotype 9, Westville, New Jersey, April n, 1900. Type No. 6054. Paratypes: 6 specimens with same data. I consider that this species belongs to the genus in which I have placed it rather than to Trupheoneura with which it has certain affinities. The species in the latter forms have the seventh vein interrupted except in the case of the female of lugubris Meigen, which has that vein complete, but indistinct. There is a close resemblance between certain species in Tru- pheoneura and others in Pseudostenophora, but so far as I have seen the following set of characters may be relied upon to distinguish the species of the latter forms from all other Phorid genera: Frons much broader than long; mesonotum with I pair of dorso-centrals; scutellum with 2 bristles; male hypopygium large, but without any projecting anal organ and not highly chitinised as in Trupheoneura; legs with gen- erally the following bristles : i on fore tibia, 2 weak ones at basal third of mid tibia, and occasionally a weak one at apex, and the hind tibia never with more than one bristle ; third vein of wing forked. This is the first species of the genus that I have seen from America. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 175 Paraspiniphora pennsylvanica n. sp. Male and female. — Black, shining. Knee joints yellowish. Halteres yellow. Wings slightly browned. Frons glossy, distinctly broader than long, the surface with numer- ous short hairs; first and second rows of (4) bristles almost straight; one pair of post-antennals present ; male antennae enlarged, third joint about half as large as eye; female antennae slightly enlarged, third joint about one-third the size of eye; arista bare, its length about equal to \y2 times the width of f rons ; palpi and proboscis in both sexes normal, the former moderately bristled; one very long, downwardly directed bristle on cheek in both sexes. Mesonotum with i pair of dorso-centrals ; basal pair of scutellar bristles much weaker than apical pair in both sexes. Abdomen almost bare; male hypopygium with numerous hairs. Fore tibia with 3-4 serial bristles on dorsal surface from base to apex; mid tibia with 3 antero-dorsal bristles, 2 on basal half and one near apex, and 4-5 on almost the dorsal surface from base to apex ; hind tibia with generally 10 bristles, 5 on the dorsal and 5 on the antero-dorsal surfaces, arranged in pairs, besides the apical spurs; no ventral bristles present on either of the posterior pairs to tibia. Costa to middle of wing; first division about i 1-3 times as long as 2 plus 3, 3 half as long as 2 ; fourth vein slightly bent at base, leaving just beyond fork of third and ending almost in fore margin of wing owing to its gradual forward inclination; one strong bristle present on base of third vein ; costal fringe close and fine, equal in length to about twice the diameter of costal vein. Length 3-4 mm. Holotype : $ , Swarthmore, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1905 (E. T. Cresson, Jr.). Type No. 6055. Paratypes: i male and i female same data. Resembles spinosissima Strobl, and spinulosa Malloch. but differs in chaetotaxy from both. Aphiochaeta submanicata n. sp. Male. — Yellow, slightly shining. Frons brown, surface with grayish pollinosity ; antennae brownish yellow, arista brown ; palpi clear yellow. Mesonotum reddish yellow on disk ; pleurae yellow, with a large blackish patch below wing base ; postnotum black-brown. Ab- domen black-brown on dorsum ; basal segment yellowish at base ; each segment with but slight indications of a pale posterior margin ; anal protuberance and hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow, mid coxa with a black streak on posterior surface ; apices of hind femora blackened. Wings clear; veins brownish, very distinct except at apices of thin veins. Halteres clear yellow. 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Frons slightly longer than broad; lower post-antennals not half as large as the strong upper pair ; central pair of bristles in first row slightly below level of upper post-antennals and nearer to them than to eye margin; outer pair in same row slightly higher placed than upper post-antennals and about as far from the central pair as from eye margin ; antennae of moderate size ; arista slightly longer than f rons, slightly pubescent ; palpi large, the size exceeding that of the third antennal joint, almost bare, the bristles very short. Scutellum with 4 bristles ; mesopleura with numerous short bristles. Abdomen tapering; second segment slightly the longest, the others subequal ; last 2 with numerous short discal hairs and a few longer posterior marginal hairs ; second segment with several lateral hairs which are not very conspicuous ; anal protuberance large, well ex- posed, the apex with the usual curved hairs. Basal joint of fore tarsus about three-fifths as long as fore tibia, and slightly longer than joints 2 plus 3, much swollen, as thick as tibia; hind femur with soft hairs to middle on ventral surface; hind tibial setulae very weak and hair-like. Costa to wing middle ; first division slightly longer than second, and shorter than 2 plus 3, third division slightly less than half as long as second ; fourth vein leaving at beyond fork of third with a slight bend and ending, recurved, at before wing tip ; costal fringe equal in length to interior arm of fork (free end of vein 2). Length 1.5 mm. Holotype: Frankford, Philadelphia, September, 1913, (J. R. Malloch). Type No. 6056. Taken indoors on window. This species is allied to projecta Becker, but differs ma- terially in wing venation. It shows a nearer approach to wagnipalpis Aldrich in venation but differs in coloration and other characters from that species. Leptocera (Limosina) subpiligera, n. sp. Male. — Black-brown, slightly shining. Face and cheeks, distinctly whitish gray pollinose ; pleurae, lateral margins of mesonotum nar- rowly, and abdomen on sides gray pollinose. Legs black-brown. Wings clear, veins black, vein 4 traceable to margin though not dark- ened beyond cross-vein, vein 5 not distinguishable beyond cross-vein. Halteres with yellow knob and darkened pedicel. Frons entirely shining; all bristles strong, the two orbital bristles subequal in size, anterior to the lower one there are several short se- tulae; divergent ventral rows of setulae distinct, incurved; 5-6 in number, increasing in length from upper to lower extremities ; face Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 177 buccate between antennae, slightly concave on middle, mouth margin not produced; cheek less than half as high as eye at its lowest part and gradually increasing in height posteriorly; vibrissa strong and long, incurved, behind the vibrissa there is an almost equally strong bristle which is upcurved and reaches almost to middle of eye. Mar- ginal bristles distinct and not particularly numerous ; mouth opening large, labrum slightly protruding, proboscis broad, at apex sucker- like, short; palpi small, with a few weak bristles; antennae rather above the average size, standing well clear of the eyes, third joint pilose, broader but barely longer than second, which has on the inner side at apex several distinct setulae; arista tapering, basal joints dis- tinct, but slightly thickened; pubescence sparse, distinct from slightly beyond base, arista in length equal to from its base to vertex ; eye bare, distinctly longer than high. Mesonotum with posthumeral bristle strong, incurved ; three pairs of dorso-centrals present ; acrostichals distinct from near anterior margin, between them and the anterior dorso-central there are 3-4 rows of short discal setulae ; scutellum with eight marginal bristles as in fontinalis Fallen, disk bare ; postnotum glossy black. Abdomen shorter than thorax, cylindrical in shape; second segment much elongated, the others short, all segments with numerous hairs, which are particularly noticeable, long and bristle-like laterally on apical segments ; hypopygium rounded, large, knob-like, its surface, particularly on venter, covered with numerous rather long hairs. Legs strong; fore tarsi gradually and distinctly dilated from base to apex; mid-tibia with seven dorsal bristles (2:2:3) and 1-2 on ven- tral surface ; mid-trochanter with a strong bristle ; apex of mid-meta- tarsus with 3-4 end bristles ; hind femur with a series of 5-6 bristles on apical half of antero-ventral surface; hind tibia with four rows of hair-like bristles, one on almost the ventral surface from base to apex, which is longest on middle, one rather shorter on anterior sur- face which is rather longest at base, one on dorsal surface consisting of 6-7 rather widely placed bristles, and a fourth much shorter on the postero-dorsal surface which is regularly and rather widely spaced and becomes longer toward apex; hind tarsus thickened, joints about, 2:3:1^ :i :2. Wings with costa to end of vein 3, second costal division I 2-3 times as long as third; costa setulose to end of first vein; outer cross-vein distinctly before the vertical line of apex of vein 2, the section of vein 4 between cross-vein equal to basal section of vein 3 ; outer cross- vein about half as long as section of vein 4 preceding it; last section of vein 3 slightly but gradually and appreciably bent forward. Length, 2l/3 mm. 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Holotype, male, Hazleton, Pa., August 7, 1909, (Dr. Dietz), Type No. 6057. Paratype: i male with same data. This species comes close to both piligera, Stenh., and zos- terae Haliday, but differs in venation from both of those spe- cies. Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, in Rochester, New York, in 1918 (Orthop.) One day, early in September, while collecting some Colias philodice, etc., I was amazed to find a large female mantis. I would not have observed it had it not been for a Xylocopa virginica which I was trans- ferring from my net to the killing bottle, and in doing so, knelt on the ground. This must have aroused the mantis from its hiding place. Being unaware of its habits, I picked up the specimen, but dropped it just as quickly, being pierced by the fore legs, which gave me a swol- len finger for several days. The females hide under long grasses, etc., and to collect them they must be aroused from their hiding places. They vary greatly in color. Some individuals are almost gray, while others are green, yellow, pale brown or dark brown. The males resemble a katydid in their flight, and differ very greatly from the females in regard to habits. They can be found flying from bush to bush, but are by no means common. The species interested me so much that I wrote to Mr. A. N. Cau- dell, U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C., for its identification, etc. It proved to be Mantis religiosa L., introduced into this vicinity some years ago. As it is an insect of predaceous habits, eating other in- sects, etc., it should be therefore protected. A few beneficial insects may be destroyed by it, but, on the whole, it is to be regarded as a friend. After becoming aware of their habits, I had no trouble in finding them in considerable numbers. In all, I must have taken 200 or more, two-thirds of which are females. The males are very slender, and resemble Stagmomantis Carolina very closely, being about i3/J to 2 inches in length. The females measure from 2*4 to 2l/2 inches, and are much stouter in form. I found a small quantity of egg-masses generally attached to the weeds or grasses, within two or three inches from the ground. They measure from i% to 1^4 inches in length. I shall try to raise these and take all possible notes. Should I be fortunate enough to get the complete metamorphosis, I will publish the results for the sake of some of our collectors. — ROBERT SCHMALTZ, 319 Central Park, Ro- chester, N. Y. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1914. The Ethics of Publication. Several times during the past three years articles accepted for publication in the NEWS have appeared in other journals, subsequent to the date of acceptance here but before they could be published in this magazine. From the fact that the NEWS has been receiving material months in advance of the possibility of publication, we assume that it is a not unwel- come outlet of communication for entomologists. With such a bounteous supply, justice to our contributors suggests that we must publish accepted articles as nearly as possible in order of reception, after the current month's reviews and records of literature have been provided for. The enforced delay chafes some eager authors and exposes them to the temptation of offering their already accepted productions to other media less crowded at the moment, without advising us of their inten- tions. It is a marvelous thing, only appreciated in its full force by an editor, how nearly unanimous authors are as to the all-importance of their writings and how serious will be the damage to the world at large if each article be not pub- lished within one week of its reception by the aforesaid editor. Irrespective of the question as to the value of the entomo- logical articles that are published, it is true, at present, that the production exceeds the means of publication. It is, therefore, not economical to publish the same article in two journals. The space occupied by the repeat were better devoted to some- thing else. The NEWS does not intentionally publish that which has already appeared elsewhere, except in the case of brief notes or announcements. An author who publishes in two places an article not coming under these exceptions, is the thief of space, as well as of time, and excludes his fellow from the opportunity which his repeat usurps. 179 l8o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Fragments on North American Insects — VI. By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland, Australia. (Also on pages 148, 155, 167.) Proctotrypoids With Wings Folded Upon Emergence (Hym.) From a note made in August, 1899, it appears that a species of Sceli- onidae was obtained from some lepidopterous eggs brought in from the field which upon emerging had the wings folded, later spreading as usual. Callosamia promethea Drury (Lepid.) A number of cocoons of this species taken at Annapolis, Maryland, February, 1900, and confined indoors at nearly normal temperature (in an attic), commenced to give forth adults on May 8 following. The cocoons were found in forest trees and wild cherrv. Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY B. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, "Washington. 3 — The American Naturalist. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Ento- mologist, London. 21 — The Entomologist's Record, London. 22 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 35 — Annales, Societe Entomolo- gique de Belgique. 36 — Transactions, Entomological Society of London. 37 — Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 40 — Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 50 — Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 65 — La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris. 74 — Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin. 84 — Entomologische Rundschau. 87— Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 90— Revue Scientifique, Paris. 92 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 97 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 143— Ohio Naturalist. 153 — Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 155 — Nova Acta Academiae Cae- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l8l sareae Leopoldius Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Ctiriosorum, Halle. 159 — Bollettino, Laboratorio di zoologia generale e agararia della R. S. Superiore d'Agricoltura in Portici. 164 — Science Bulle- tin, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 173 — Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, Fauna Americana, von A. Seitz, Stuttgart. 174 — Bulle- tin, U. S. National Museum, Washington. 175 — Aus der Natur, Berlin. 200 — Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 205 — Kansas State Agricultural College, Experiment Sta- tion. 216 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 274— Archiv fur Zellforschung, herausgegeben von Dr. R. Goldschmidt, Leipzig. 279 — Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 310— L'Echange, Revue Linneenne, Moulins. 311 — La Science au XXe Siecle, Paris. 324 — Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 332— Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. 368 — The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento. 394 — Parasitology, Cambridge, England. 399 — Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cam- bridge, England. 407 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. 409 — Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 2nd Series. 427 — Hawaii Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu. 438 — Bulletin of the Illinois State Labora- tory of Natural History, Urbana. 442 — Transactions of the Con- necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. 462 — The Butterfly Farmer, Truckee, Cal. 463— Bulletin of the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 464 — Flora og Fauna, Copenhagen. 465 — Sitzungsberichte der Naturforschenden Ge- sellschaft zu Leipzig. 466 — Handbuch der Entomologie. Heraus- gegeben von Dr. Chr. Schroder, Jena. 467 — Zoologische Jahr- bucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographic und Biologic der Tiere, Jena. 468 — Annales de 1'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier. 469 — Annual Report and Transactions, Manchester Microscopical Society. 470 — Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Trinidad and Tabago. 471 — Nova Scotia Department of Agricul- ture. GENERAL SUBJECT. Bachmann, M.— Insekten und blumen, 216, xxvii, 271-72 (cont.). Bervoets, R. E. — Contribution a 1'etude du vol des insectes. Etude du pterostigma, 35, Iviii, 6-17. Bordage, E. — Notes biologiques recueillies a ITle de la Reunion, 200, xlvii, 377-412. Deegener, P.— Muskulatur und endoskelett, 466, i, 481-528. Eckstein, K. — Die metamorphose der insekten als gegenstand des unterrichts, 175, 1914, 237-46. Handlirsch, A.— Aus der geschichte der entomologie. Ueber entomologische literatur und ihre be- nutzung. Zur entomologischen technik. Die systematischen grundbegriffe. Nomenklatur, typen und zitate. Terminologie der l82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 fur die systematik wichtigsten teile des hautskelettes, 466, iii, 1-112. d'Herculais, J. K. — Capture des insectes par les fleurs des com- posees notamment par celles de Bardane, 87, 1913, 485-6. Mc- Glashan, X. — Pioneer entomologists of California, 462, i, 99-100. Pic, M. — Doit-on nommer ou non les varietes, 310, 1913, Dec. (separate of 4 pp.). Picard, F. — Les champignons parasites des insectes et leur utilisation agricole, 468, xiii, 121-248. Rivers, James J.— Obituary by F. Grinnell, Jr., 332, xiii, 16-17. Rudow, Dr. — Massenhaftes auftreten von insekten, 216, xxvii, 263-65 (cont.). Turner, H. J.— The terminology of variation, 21, 1913, 303-4. Vestal, A. G. — An associational study of Illinois sand prairie, 438, x, 1-96. Watson, J. B. — A circular maze with camera lucida attach- ment. (Applicable to entomological research.) 324, iv, 56-59. Weiss, F. E. — Species, varieties and hybrids, 469, 1912, 42-50. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Kindle & Cunliffe.— Regeneration in Argas persicus, 394, vi, 353-71. Robinson & Davidson. — The anatomy of Argas persicus, 394, vi, 382-420. Cunliffe, N. — Rhipicephalus sanguineus: variation in size and structure due to nutrition. Observations on Argas brumpti, 394, vi, 372-78, 379-81. Emerton, J. H. — New and rare spiders from within fifty miles of New York City, 153, xxxii, 225-260. New England spiders identified since 1910, 442, xviii, 209-224. Ewing, H. E.— New Acarina. General considerations and descriptions of n. sps. from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, 153, xxxii, 93-122. Gun- thorp, H. — Annotated list of the Diplopoda and Chilopoda, with key to the Myriapoda of Kansas, 164, vii, 159-182. Silvestri, F.— Novi generi e sp. di Koeneniidae, 159, vii, 211-17. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Assmuth, J.— Termitoxenia assmuthi, Anatomisch-histologische untersuchung, 155, xcviii, 187- 316. Shull, A. F. — Biology of the Thysanoptera, 3, xlviii, 161-176 (cont.). Simroth, P. — Ueber eine verwandtschaftsbeziehung zwi- schen Trichopteren und Lepidopteren, 465, 1911, 9-21. A. L. — Propagation des termites par 1'intermediaire de bois ou de meubles transportes. Distribution geographique des termites, 90, 1914, 114-5, 147-8. Anon.— Biologic generale. La sexualite, 311, 1914, 5-7. Hood, J. D. — Prosopothrips cognatus, a new No. Am. thysanopteron, 4, 1914, 57-59. Smith, H. S. — Mealy bug parasites in the far East, 368, ii, 26-29. Williams, C. B.— A n. sp. of Chiro- thrips from So. America, 9, 1914, 51-53. ORTHOPTERA. Gerhardt, U.— Zum bau der spermatophore von Gryllotalpa vulgaris, 22, xliii, 382-3. Nabours, R. K. — Studies of inheritance and evolution in O. — 1, 407, iii, 141-170. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 183 Bordage, E. — Observations biologiques stir quelques O., 200, xlvii, 391-96. Brindley, H. H. — The proportions of the sexes of Forficula auricularia in the Scilly Islands, 399, xvii, 326-34. HEMIPTERA. Anon.— La gomme-laque, 311, xii, 32-34. John- son, F. — The grape leafhopper in the Lake Erie valley, 463, No. 19. Kershaw, J. C. — Notes on Froghoppers, Tomaspis, 470, xii, 2-12, 53-54, 95-104, 197-204. Kornhauser, S. I. — A comparative study of the chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of Enchenopa binotata and E. curvata, 274, xii, 241-298. Lombardi, D. — Contribute alia conoscenza morfologica e biologica della tribu Fordina, 159, vii, 149-188. Urich, F. W. — The sugar cane froghoppers and biological notes on some Cercopids of Trinidad, 470, xii, 12-52. Bordage, E. — Observations sur quelques Hemipteres, 200, xlvii, 397-410. Davis, J. J. — New or little known species of Aphididae, 4, 1914, 41-51 (cont.). The Cyrus Thomas collection of Aphididae, and a tabulation of species mentioned and described in his publi- cations, 438, x, 97-121. Headlee & Walker.— The chinch bug (Blis- sus leucopterus), 205. Bui. 191. LEPIDOPTERA. Benjamin, F. H.— Trick in mounting noctuids, 462, i, 103. Berry, L. — Finding and feeding Catocala larvae, 462, i, 102-3. Dietze, K. — Biologic de Eupithecien, 2d teil. Text, 172 pp., Berlin. Eltringham, H. — On the urticating properties of Porthesia similis. Note on the structure of the fore legs in certain Lycaeni- dae, 36, 1913, 423-27, 507-8. McGlashan, X. — Correspondence course in entomology. Lesson VII. The care of specimens, 462. i, 108-112. Oberthur, C. — Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee. Fasc. ix. Re- vision iconographique des Phalenites. Lepidopteres de la Californie decrits par Boisduval en 1852 et en 1869. 44 pp. (1913). Reverdin, J. L. — Armures genitales male et femelle et ecailles androconiales de Teracolus daira var. nouna, 92, x, 13-16. Rowley, R. R. — Hunt- ing larvae of lepidopters, 462, i, 104-5. (cont.). Simroth, P. — (See under Aptera.) Braun, A. F. — Evolution of the color pattern in the microlepi- dcpterous genus Lithocolletis, 409, xvi, 105-168. Dognin, P.— Hete- ropteres nouveaux de I'Amerique du Sud, Fasc. vii, 32 pp. Gibbs, A. E. — New Central American Syntomidae, 9, 1914, 54. Kaye, W. J. — Additions and corrections to my catalogue of the L. Rhopalocera of Trinidad, 36, 1913, 545-85. Linstow, Dr. V. — Zur biologie und systematik der Psychiden, 92, x, 67-71. Matheson, R. — The brown- tail and gypsy moths, 471, Bui. No. 5. Newcomer, E. J. — The case of Vanessa californica, 4, 1914, 67-8. Oberthur, C. — Une consulta- tion lepidopterologique, 65, xliv, 17-19. Rober, J. — Phyciodes, 173, 434-448. Schaus, W. — New sps. of noctuid moths from Tropical America, 50, xlvi, 485-549. Seitz, A.— Melitaea, 173, 433-4. 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 DIPTERA. Austen, E. E.— Do house flies hibernate? 8, 1914, 39-40; 9, 1914, 69-70. Guppy, P. L.— Life-history of syrphid fly predaceous on froghopper nymphs, 470, xii, 159-161. Hindle, E.— The flight of the house fly, 399, xvii, 310-313. Koch, A.— Anato- mische untersuchungen an Psychoda albipennis, 279, li, 163-213. Reum, W. — Der weisse tod der "Musca domestica," 40, xxix, 13-14. Thompson, W. R. — Osservazioni e note critiche su alcuni ditteri Muscoidei, 159, vii, 39-58. Woodcock, H. M.— On "Crithidia" fas- ciculata in hibernating mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) and the ques- tion of the connection of this parasite with a Trypanosome, 22, xliii, 370-82. Brethes, J. — Notes synonymiques sur quelques insects argen- tins. Une nouvelle espece d'Ulidinae du Tucuman (S. Am.), 87, 1914, 58-59, 87-8. Hine, J. S. — Tabanus longus, fulvulus and sagax, 143, xiv, 225-28. Silvestri, F. — Report of an expedition to Africa in search of the natural enemies of fruit flies (Trypaneidae), with descriptions, observations and biological notes, 427, Div. Ent., Bui. 3, 176 pp. COLEOPTERA. Grandi, G.— Gli stati postembrionale di un C. (Otiorrhynchus cribricollis) a reproduzione partenogenetica ciclica irregolare, 159, vii, 72-90. Matheson, R. — Life history of a dytiscid beetle (Hydroporus septentrionalis), 4, 1914, 37-40. Schir- mer, C. — Reiche beute im winter, 84, xxxi, 7-8. Stellwaag, F.— Welche bedeutung haben die deckflugel der kaefer? 74, xiii, 97-99. Der flugapparat der lamellicornier, 97, cviii, 359-429. Beaulne, J. I. — Les C. du Canada (Catalogue), 37, xl, 103-111 (cont.). Bernhauer & Schubert. — Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 57: Staphylinidae IV, pp. 289-408. Blatchley, W. S. — Notes on the winter and early spring C. of Florida, with description of n. sp., 4, 1914, 61-66. Kerremans, C. — Monographic des Buprestides Tribe VII. Sphenopterini, vii, Livr. 1-3, 96 pp. (cont.). Pic, M. — Nouveaux Anthicides exotiques, 310, 1913, 130-32. Coleopt'eres exotiques en partie nouveaux, 310, 1913, 98-100 (cont.). Coleopterorum cata- logus, Pars 58: Dascillidae, Helodidae, Eucinetidae, 65 pp. HYMENOPTERA. Bordage, E.— Sur la biologic et 1'ethologie de divers H., 200, xlvii, 377-90. Christensen Lund, J. J. — Era insekt- verdenen, 464, 1913, 120-1. Fahringer, J. — Ueber den nestbau zweier bienen, 92, x, 16-20. Girault, A. A. — Observations on an Australian mud dauber which uses in part its own saliva in nest construction, 92, x, 28-32. Wheeler & Mann. — The ants of Haiti, 153, xxxiii, 1-61. Banks, N. — New American Philanthidae, 153, xxxii, 421-426. Brues & Richardson. — Descriptions of new parasitic H. from British Guiana, 153, xxxii, 485-504. Ducke, A. — Ueber Phylogenie und Vol. xx v] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. klassification der sozialen Vespiden, 467, xxxvi, 303-330. Grae- nicher, S. — Wisconsin bees of the genus Perdita. Geographical distribution and relations to flowers, 4, 1914, 51-57. Kieffer, J. J.— Trois nouveaux Dryinides, 87, 1914, 90-91. Morice, F. D. — Illustra- tions of specific differences in the saws of female Dolerids, 36, 1913, 428-35. Silvestri, F. — (See under Diptera.) Viereck, H. L.— Type species of the genera of ichneumon flies, 174, No. 83, 186 pp. CECIDOMYIIDAE, by J. J. KIEFFER, Genera Insectorum, Fascicle 152, pp. 346, pis. 15, 1913. This comprehensive work lists some 2500 species and 330 genera from all parts of the world. It is more than a list of the species, since it is a generic synopsis and contains keys for the separation of the various groups. It is well printed, the plates are admirably exe- cuted and the copious three-column index, occupying 19 quarto pages, makes the contents most accessible. The work has been prepared by one who has spent years of productive labor upon the group and has probably seen more genera and species of gall midges than any one else. The classification in this generic synopsis and list of species should therefore represent the latest and most advanced taxonomic ideas. The following tabulation gives the author's arrangement in outline and may be advantageously scrutinized : SYNOPSIS OF KIEFFER'S CATALOGUE OF CECIDOMYIIDAE. SUBFAMILIES AND TRIBES NUMBER OF GENERA NUMBER OF MONOTYPIC GENERA NUMBER OF SPECIES CECIDOMYINAE 285 176 2302 L,asiopterariae 16 6 231 Oligotrophiariae 49 34 678 Asphondyliariae 16 9 171 Brachyneuriariae 22 13 44 Cecidomyiariae 157 104 991 Porricondylariae 25 10 187 LESTREMINAE 32 19 '85 Campylomyzariae 24 14 IS' Strobliellariae I i i L/estremiariae 7 4 33 HETEROPEZINAE 14 ii 28 GRAND TOTAL 331 206 2515 The subfamilies remain about as they have been in recent years. There are some changes in the Cecidomyinae with which we are not in full sympathy. One is the combination of the Dasyneuriariae with l86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 the Oligotrophiariae. This earlier separation was one we found very convenient and, on the whole, satisfactory, though there are some in- termediate forms which are not easily placed. The occurrence of the latter by no means invalidates the division, since as our knowledge increases other perplexing genera will doubtless be discovered. The raising of Brachyneura Rond. to tribal rank and its placement with the Cecidomyinae, all turn on the characteristics of B. fuscogrisea Rond., the generic type. We have been able to discover no evidence that this form possesses circumfili, and the latter certainly is not true of American species we have referred to Brachyneura. Granting for a moment that this genus possesses the structures and is properly lo- cated and raised to tribal rank, we are then confronted by the fact that the author has placed here such genera as Kronomyia Felt and Haplusia Karsch, forms without circumfili. The tribe, as given in this synopsis, contains some discordant elements. We heartily endorse the reference of Aplonyx De Stefani to the Lasiopterariae and dissent somewhat to the inclusion in this tribe, of Camptoneuromyia Felt, a somewhat synthetic genus with, it seems to us, more affinities with the Oligotrophiariae (our Dasyneuriariae) of this list. The separation of Prolasioptera on account of the entire ventral plate, and particularly because of the dorsal group of chitin- ous hooks on the apex of the ovipositor, does not seem justified, in view of the fact that this combination of characters is not constant in American forms, and especially as the peculiar hooks appear in species referable to both Lasioptera and Neolasioptcra. We likewise confess skepticism as to the validity of Meunierella Kieff., at least so far as indicated by the American species the author referred to this genus. The Oligotrophiariae of this list comprise a large number of genera and introduce some radical departures from the earlier classification. We find Rhopalomyia Rubs, restricted to forms possessing recticulate circumfili and uniarticulate palpi. The reduction of the palpi indi- cates within certain limits the degree of specialization, though it hap- pens that in the American forms there is such evident diversity in these organs that we can not bring ourselves to believe such close di- vision advisable, since a rigid application of this rule might, with cer- tain American species, necessitate the referring of one-half of an in- sect to Misopatha Kieff. and the other to Panteliola Kieff., though we readily admit that in many instances the number of palpal segments is a character of great value in separating allied genera. In practice we have been unwilling in Rhopalomyia and its allies, to separate spe- cies simply because of a divergence in the number of palpal segments, and have always looked for some confirmatory character. A similar condition obtains, so far as American forms are concerned, in the Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187 reference to a new genus, of a number of species of Asphondylia be- cause of the uniarticulate palpi. In the Porricondylariae we have an analogous condition in the author erecting Winnertziola upon char- acters which, in American forms, have proved inconsistent in their association, and we consequently believe that this name must become a synonym of Winnertzia. In connection with generic limitation we find, on referring to the above tabulation, that nearly two-thirds, namely, 206, of the genera listed are monotypic. This very large proportion is undoubtedly due in part to the fact that a number of these genera represent forms from countries where the fauna is comparatively unknown, such as Africa and India. Greater familiarity with the gall midges in these regions will undoubtedly show that some of these monotypic genera are rep- resentatives of considerable series. Eliminating these from considera- tion, we would raise a question on general principles as to the ad- visability of adopting a classification which necessitates so many mono- typic genera. Our familiarity with American forms indicates that some of these later divisions must be relegated to synonomy. The disposition of such genera in faunae with which we are unfamiliar can be determined only by a careful study of the material. Excessive di- vision can be easily remedied by consolidation later, and we must cer- tainly credit the author with an honest endeavor to outline the facts as they appear to him. In this connection we would simply voice a sentiment in favor of proposing generic names, only so far as may be necessary for the recognition of well marked groups, rather than the establishment of new concepts simply to indicate minor varia- tions. The many and varied forms of gall midges emphasize the need of conservatism along these lines. The author, in some instances, specifies the generic type, while in other cases the matter is ignored. We regret an apparent tendency to reduce some of the older genera to synonymy by grouping spe- cies under later names. This is a matter where the student must use his judgment to a considerable extent. We have favored wher- ever possible, the policy of validating and establishing the older generic names, because such procedure tended to reduce the syno- nyms now so burdensome in many groups. We find a curious con- dition respecting Trotteria, a genus originally defined in 1892 by Rubsaamen as Choristonenra. The only species mentioned at the time was obtusa Lw. This genus being preoccupied, a new name was proposed in 1897 by Kieffer and three species mentioned, one of which (not the one before the original author of the genus) is cited as type. This we believe to be irregular and a procedure not warranted by the International code. The author has made an attempt to define the subfamily, tribal and l88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 generic characters of the larvae. He has done more along this line than any one else, and his efforts in this direction warrant the hearti- est approbation. It is at best a difficult subject. Aside from general taxonomic matters outlined above, we must call attention to the occurrence of numerous typographical and cleri- cal errors, a portion of which are probably attributable to the printer. These, while annoying and involving additional labor for the users of the list are, for the most part, readily eliminated. Without at- tempting to call attention to all the errors, we would simply state that on page 23, Neolasioptera squamosella and N. subsquamosa are nomina nuda, the first being based on an erroneous citation, and the second partly due to the writer's inadvertence in allowing the letters "n. sp." to remain after a detailed characterization of a species estab- lished originally in a tabulation. The identity of our numbers, if the two had been compared (which should certainly have been done prior to the proposing of a new name), should have indicated a probable identity to the compiler. A similar blunder is perpetrated in the pro- posal of N. agrostidis, for which the writer is likewise partly respon- sible. There are some inconsistencies in forms of citation. The au- thor fails to distinguish in all cases between the pagination of separ- ates and entire works ; volume or bulletin numbers are sometimes transposed, and there is an occasional orthographical error, the latter apparently being relatively scarce. The generic references of American species represent, in the main, conditions obtaining in 1908, a period when our classification was in a tentative form. Later studies have resulted in the erection of some new genera, with consequent division of species and, in a number of instances, the compiler has not obtained access to the later data. In spite of these defects, all minor in character, this work must prove of great service to all interested in the general study of gall midges, and the author, in its compilation, hasjaid his associates under heavy ob- ligations.— E. P. FELT. Doings of Societies. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of October 23, 1913. Dr. Calvert, President, in the chair. Eight persons were present. The President announced the deaths of Dr. Horace Jayne and Prof. P. R. Uhler, mem- bers of the Society. Mr. Rehn made some remarks on the results of three Orthop- tera-collecting trips to the Florida Keys and extreme southern Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I&Q Florida, made in January, 1904, March, 1910, and July, 1912, by Mr. Hebard and himself. The chief object of these trips was, in addition to securing a representative collection of the Orthoptera of the region, to determine to what extent the re- gion was a meeting ground for tropical types and forms of more northern distribution, by ascertaining what West Indian types were present, what proportion of the whole Orthopteran fauna they constituted and similar data regarding the forms of mainland relationship. The periods of greatest and least ac- tivity in animal life were also selected to determine the extent of the seasonal difference in species and abundance of species. An analysis of the distribution of the 108 species secured (all previously recorded from the Keys having been obtained) show- ed that the range of thirty-one species of northern affinity and distribution had been extended to the extremity of the Florida mainland, of four to the pine keys and of twenty-nine to the scrub keys. Seven West Indian types were recorded from the United States for the first time and more complete data were secured on six species of similar relationship which had been recorded on bare captures. Specimens illustrated the additions to our fauna. Mr. Laurent exhibited a series of fifteen male specimens of the first brood of Pieris rapae, selected from sixty specimens captured from April 19 to May 6, as well as a series of fifteen male specimens of the second brood, selected from a like num- ber of specimens collected from July TO to 31. The speaker stated that the maculations in the first brood averaged much smaller than those in the second brood, in some cases being en- tirely wanting, thus representing the variety immaculate*. In the first brood, the under side of the inferior or hind wings is nearly always of a dark gray or yellow color ; while in the sec- ond brood, the color is generally light gray or almost white. However, this only holds good with the males, as females of both broods may have the under side of the inferiors yellow. All the specimens were collected in the outlying districts of Philadelphia. Dr. Skinner exhibited a new species of Argynnis from Utah, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 subsequently described in Entomological News for December, *913> page 450. Dr. Calvert exhibited some Neuropteroid insects (exclusive of Odonata) which he had collected in Costa Rica. They were determined by Mr. Nathan Banks and included a new species of Chrysopid. The annual meeting was held December 8, 1913, Dr. Cal- vert, President, in the chair. The annual reports were read. The following was directed to be recorded in the minutes : Mr. Ezra T. Cresson resigned the chairmanship of the Pub- lication Committee of the Society, after having been a mem- ber of this body for more than fifty-two years, and for the greater part of this period its chairman. This duty involved that of the editorship of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia and the Trans- actions of the American Entomological Society. During the entire period these publications have been carried on in an ad- mirable way that leaves nothing to be desired, and they speak for themselves. His reward must have been derived from the pleasure of the work and the unselfish rendering of service, as he received no other compensation. Nowhere does his name appear as Editor in the forty-five volumes that have appeared under his guiding hand. These volumes largely represent the history of entomology in America and in the future, when tribute is rendered to those who did pioneer work, no one will receive or deserve more praise than the Founder and Treasurer of the American Entomological Society, the great systematist of the Hymenoptera and the Editor of the Transactions of this Society. Such a long period of devotion to any cause is the exception to the rule and this Society desires to put on record its deep sense of obligation for this splendid achievement, of our honored and esteemed member. The annual election for officers was held and the following were declared elected: President, Philip P. Calvert ; *Vice- President, Henry W. Wenzel ; Treasurer, Ezra T. Cresson ; Curator, Henry Skinner; Corresponding Secretary, James A. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IQI G. Rehn ; Recording Secretary, Henry Skinner ; Librarian, Ezra T. Cresson, Jr. ; Executive Committee, Philip Laurent, Henry W. Wenzel and David M. Castle ; Finance Committee, Chas. S. Welles, David M. Castle, Morgan Hebard; Publica- tion Committee, James A. G. Rehn (Chairman), Ezra T. Cres- son, Henry Skinner. — HENRY SKINNER, Recording Secretary. Meeting of February 26, 1914. Dr. Philip P. Calvert, President, in the chair. Eight persons present, including Mr. W. T. Davis, of Staten Island. Notice was read of the death, on the 24th inst, of Charles S. Welles, a member. Mr. Rehn made reference to the species of the orthopterous genus Orphulella occurring- On the eastern coast of North America, mentioning the peculiar distribution of O. olivacea on the coast as far south as the middle of Florida and again occurring on the Gulf coast, while on the south Florida and Mexican coasts, another species takes its place. He also re- marked on the distribution of the genus Chortophaga in the United States and West Indies. He also reported the occur- rence of a Yucatan species of Orthoptera in Florida. Dis- cussion followed on the difference in the species occurring in South and North Florida, and on some of the peculiarities in the fauna and flora of South Florida. Mr. Davis said that the dragonflies, especially on the west coast of Florida, were quite a nuisance to collectors on account of their catching many of the smaller butterflies that were dis- turbed. Dr. Calvert referred to Prof. Wheeler's recently published paper on Central American Acacia Ants in the Transactions of the Second International Congress of Entomology, com- mented on it, and showed alcoholic specimens of acacia and ants from Costa Rica, collected by himself. Discussion followed a question put by a member, as to the proper geographical limits that should be adopted for a local collection for Philadelphia. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Secretary pro tern. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 OBITUARY. CHARLES S. WELLES. Charles S. Welles died at 4.20 o'clock on the morning of Feb- ruary 24, 1914, at his home, the "Highland," Elwyn, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. His death was due to embolism. He was 67 years old. Mr. Welles was the son of Charles Roger Welles, and was born in Springfield, Illinois, where his family were neighbors to Abraham Lincoln. For a time his father and Mr. Lincoln were associated in law practice. He was graduated from Yale in the class of 1870. He was an active member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, of which he was a life member; a member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society and a life member of the Delaware County Historical Society. He was interested in the Presbyterian Social Union of Philadelphia and a member of the Middletown Presbyterian Church, in Elwyn. His widow, who was Miss Maria Pancoast, of Village Green, and two daughters, Mrs. E. A. E. Palmquist, wife of a Cambridge, Mass., Baptist minister, and Miss Louise Ives Welles, survive. Mr. Welles was elected to membership in the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and in the American Entomological Society, in 1891, and the minutes of these bodies, as published in the early volumes of Entomologi- cal News, record his frequent participation in the meetings. He was chiefly interested in the Lepidoptera, but was always glad to aid those engaged in the study of any group of insects, as Mr. C. W. Johnson has intimated in his article in the News for March last, page 125. Mr. Welles was the author of an article on the "Destructive Work of Daremma catalpae," in the Neivs for December, 1898. For many years he served on the Finance Committee of the American Entomological Soci- ety. His fellow members tender their sincere sympathy to his family in our common loss. P. P. C. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CABINETS FOR SCHMITT BOXES METAL INSECT BOX WOOD INSECT BOX These cabinets have a specially constructed groove or trough around the front, lined with a material of our own design, which is adjustable to the pressure of the front cover. The cover, when in place, is made fast by spring wire locks or clasps, causing a constant pressure on the lining in the-groove. The cabinets, in addition to being abso- lutely dust, moth and dermestes proof, is impervious to fire, smoke, water and atmos- pheric changes. Obviously, .these cabinets are far superior to any constructed of non- metallic material. The interior is made of metal, with upright partition in center. On the sides are metal supports to hold 28 boxes. The regular size is 42i in. high, 13 in. deep, 185 in. wide, inside dimensions; usually enameled green outside. For details of Dr. Skin- ner's construction of this cabinet, see Entomological News, Vol. XV, page 177. METAL INSECT BOX has all the essential merits of the cabinet, having a groove, clasps, etc. Bottom inside lined with cork ; the outside enameled any color desired. The regular dimensions, outside, are 9 x 13x2* in. deep, but can be furnished any size. \V< >OD INSECT BOX.— \Ve do not assert that this wooden box has all the quali- ties of the metal box, especially in regard to safety from smoke, fire, water and damp- ness, but the chemically prepared material fastened to the under edge of the lid makes a box, we think, superior to ;my other wood insect box. The' bottom is cork lined. Outside varnished. For catalogue and prices inquire of BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. When Writing Please Mention " Kntouiologiral Newt." K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York North American and Exotic Insects of all orders in perfect condition Entomological Supplies Catalogue gratis INSKCT BOXKS— We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. — Plain Boxes for Duplicates— Pasteboard boxes, com- pressed turf lined with plain pasteboard covers, cloth hinged, for shipping specimens or keeping duplicates. These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more carefully made than the ones usually found in the market. Size ioxi5>i in Each $0.25 Size 8xioJ4 in Each . 1 5 THCKHVKICHCESMCOW* NS/3o85 NS/3O9I — Lepidoutera Box 'improved museum stylei, of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with white glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton. Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed turf (peat). Per dozen 6.00 Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. Per dozen 6.00 Caution : — Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address in corner of cover. NS/309I ( For exhibition purposes) NS/3I2I— K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8xi 1x2% in. (or to order, 8%xio%xa% in. $0.70 -6CHEcRERCON,Y. NS/3I2I Size 12x16x2% in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1.20 Size 14x22x2)4 in- (or to order, 14x22x2)^ in.) 2.00 Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y, PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION : Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration, dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE— Papilio columbus (gundlachianus), the brightest colored American Papillo. very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each ; second quality $1.00 each. When Writing Please Mention "Entomological News." ' P. C. Stookhausen. Printer, 53-55 N. 7th Street. Philadelphia. MAY, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. 5. J. Brackenridge Clemens, /^S^ n*tfa / ^^ «/.» * T-V I _ 1 _ Ctf ^^^ ^ ""*» t 1«« N./r PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., EditorXjg,^/ M ^u^ E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA r. CKESSON. J. A. O. REHN I'HII IT I AURENT, BRICH DAECKE. H. W. WKNZKr,. PHILADELPHIA: THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, » LOGAN SQUARE. l-.utored at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2.OO IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $1.90 IN ADVANCE. SINGLE COPIES 25 CENTS (Advertising Rates: Per inch, full width of page, single insertion, $1.00 ; a dis- count of ten per cent, on insertions of five months or over. No advertise- ment taken for less than $1.00 — Cash in advance. All remittances, and communications regarding subscripl'ons should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. All Checks and Money Orders to be made payable to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. iS?°Address all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, 4515 Regent Street, Philadelphia, Pa., from September isth to June isth, or at the Academy of Natural Sciences from June isth to September i, h. NOTICE that, beginning with the number for Januar 914, the NEWS will be mailed only to those who have paid their subscriptions. The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source, "^e author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it necessary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates : Each printed page or fraction thereof, twenty-five copies, 15 cents ; each half tone plate, twenty-five copies, 20 cents ; each plate of line cuts, twenty- five copies, 15 cents; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. 1,000 PIN LABELS 25 CENTS! At Your Risk. (Add 101 for Registry or Checks) Limit: 25 Characters ; 3 Blank or Printed Lines ( 12 Characters in Length.) Additional Characters ic. per 1.000. In Multiples of 1,000 only ; on Heaviest White Ledger Paper-— No Border---4-Point Type— About 25 on a Strip---No Trim- mine- --One Cut Makes a Label. SEND HE ORDER WITH COPY. FOR ANY KIND OF ARTISTIC PRINTING I.ARGK ore SMALL. INDEX CAKUS. MAPS. SEX-MARKS. LABELS FOR MINERALS. PLANTS. EGGS Etc. IF QUANTITY IS RIGHT, PRICE IS SURE TO BE. C. V. BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET. STONEHAM. MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate VIII. MALLOPHAGA OF THE VIZCACHA-KELLOGG AND NAKAYAMA ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEW AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOI,. XXV. MAY, 1914. No. 5. CONTENTS: Kellogg and Nakayama— Mallophaga of the Vizcacha 193 A Correction 201 Leussler — An Improved Method of Caring for Specimens of Butterflies on Extended Collecting Trips 202 Alexander— The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Mu- seum (Diptera)— III 205 Rehn and Hebard— On the Genus Phoe- talia of Authors (Orthoptera, Blat- tidae, Epilamprinae) 216 Cockerell— An Adventure While Col- lecting Bees in Guatemala 217 Campbell— A new Coccid Infesting Cit- rus Trees in California ( Hemip. ) . . 222 Williamson — September Dragonflies about Mesa Arizona (Odon.) 225 Editorial— The Desirability of a Biblio- graphical Dictionary of Entomolo- gists 227 Skinner— Ambulyx strigilis L. in Flo- rida ( Lep. ) 229 Side Lights on Entomology 229 De la Torre Bueno— European Heterop- tera Alleged to Occur in the United States 230 Clagget— A Spider Swathing Mice ( Aran.) 230 Summer Work on Lake Erie 231 Do House Flies Hibernate? (Dip.) 231 Entomological Literature 231 Wytsman's Genera Insectorum 236 Braun's Evolution of Color Pattern in Lithocolletis ( Lepid. ) 236 Doings of Societies — Feldman Collect- ing Social (Co).. Orth.,Odon., Dip.) 237 Entomological Society of France 240 Obituary — Ernest Olivier 240 E. A. Popenoe 240 " A. G. Hammar 240 Mallophaga of the Vizcacha. By V. L. KELLOGG and S. NAKAYAMA, Stanford University, California. (Plate VIII.) The vizcacha (Lagidiwn pemannm Meyen) is a small, long- tailed, long-eared, soft-furred rodent of the Andes, with a head like a rabbit's and body like that of a giant mouse, a mouse as large as a small hare. It belongs with the chinchillas in the family Chinchillidae (or Lagostomidae) which com- prises only four living species, confined to Chili, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. It is, however, a well-represented family in the South American Tertiaries and Pleistocene, at least three- score species having been described from fossils collected all the way from Patagonia to Peru. Only one ectoparasite, has been heretofore recorded from the vizcacha, namely a species of Gyro pits (Mallophaga) de- scribed by Gay in his Fauna Chilensis (about 1850), but 193 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 utterly unrecognizable from this description. The taking of two score specimens of Mallophaga last January and June (1913) by Dr. C. H. T. Townsend, government entomologist of Peru, from three vizcachas shot at Ninahuanchi, Peru (alt. 13,000 ft.), and one shot at Cerro Picuna, Peru (alt. 8,000 ft.), allows us to make some definite records of the ectopara- sites of this interesting rodent. The specimens from the vizcachas kindly sent us by Dr. Townsend represent several Mallophagan species, of which two, both new (in the face of the impossibility of recognizing Gay's vizcachan .Gyro pus) are undoubtedly peculiar to the vizcacha. For one of these species it is necessary to establish a new genus. In addition, the material, credited to the viz- cacha, included two additional species, undoubtedly abnormal stragglers (in game bag or on the skinning table), one of them being the common Lipeurus bacillus of doves, and the other a Goniodes which may have straggled either from doves or pheasants. Dr. Townsend writes us that his Indian collectors do frequently kill doves on their collecting tripsf and that, despite his careful instructions, they may well allow their specimens to become too neighborly with each other in the game bag. Of the two new species, one is a Gyro pus, while the other, as said, plainly represents a new genus, a two-clawed form— the typical mammal-infesting Mallophaga are one-clawed — of a general appearance rather like that of Menopon or Trinoton (both bird-infesting genera). Although, as just suggested, most of the mammal-infesting Mallophaga are one-clawed species, belonging to the two genera Gyropus and Trichodectes (to this latter single genus belongs a considerable majority of all Mallophagan species so far recorded from mammals) a few two-clawed species, representing three of four genera, have been taken from mammals. Especially are these two-clawed species found on marsupials. Also, for almost each of these species a new genus has had to be established. These two special conditions of their occurrence give them a particular interest to students of Mallophaga. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 The last genus to be established for the reception of one of these two-clawed mammal -infesting species is Trimenopon, containing the single species T. echinoderma, described by Bruce Cummings (Bull. Ent. Research, May, 1913) from speci- mens (males and females) taken from the wild guinea pig, Cavia aperea Erxleben, at Villa Rica, Paraguay, in November, 1910, F. Posner, coll. As our new species from the vizcacha, not assignable to any known genus, is also South American, and also resembles both Menopon and Trinoton in general habitus, and is also strongly spiny, our first thought was that it might be referable to Cummings' new form. But it is not at all possible to assign it thus. It is not only different in species but different in genus from Trimenopon echinoderma, despite some slight resemblance in superficies. What is pos- sible, and necessary, however, in the light of the establishment of the new genus Trimenopon, is to call attention to the fact that, if this genus is to be accepted as distinct from Menopon —and we do not suggest that it should not be — a species de- scribed by Kellogg and Paine in 1910 (Entomological News, vol. 21, pp. 461-462), under the name Menopon jenningsi, from specimens taken from the domestic guinea pig, Cai'ia cobaya, by Mr. A. H. Jennings, in the Canal Zone, Panama, must be assigned to this new genus. And, besides, there should be made a careful examination of the two species, to see if they are not identical. The descriptions and figures as given by the authors of the species are certainly much alike. The principal difference seems to be in the measurements, echinoderma being larger than jenningsi by one-third. If the two species are one, then their (its) name is Trimenopon jen- ningsi. A special point of interest in connection with the two-clawed mammal-infesting Mallophaga is their obvious tendency, de- spite their otherwise plainly Amblyceran affinities, to have 5-segmented antennae, which is a prime characteristic of the other Mallophagan sub-order, the Ischnocera. The antennae of Roopia, Ilctcrodo.vns, 1 .atuuicephalum and, now, Trimeno- pon, are all described as 5-segmented, instead of 4-segmented, 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 as one would expect to find them. It is true, however, that there is a division of the third antennal segment into two seg- ments in the case of several undoubted species of the large and rather heterogeneous genus Menopon, which is the old genus —old in point of priority of establishment by students of the group — to which the new genera are most nearly related. It should be added that it is not easy to determine accurately, or to interpret confidently, the exact condition of the antennae as regards number of segments. The suture dividing the third segment into two, thus increasing the number from four to five, may be so faint as to be capable, under different eyes, of seeming to be distinct enough to be accepted as actual suture, or of not being so accepted. In the case of the new genus which we have to establish for the reception of one of our new Mallophagan species from the vizcacha, we give four as the characteristic number of segments. Four is certainly the cor- rect number for the type species of the genus. We have gone to much pains to ascertain this. As a matter of fact the whole subject of the Mallophagan parasites of mammals, especially the subject of the two-clawed species, needs careful working over. The description of the new species follows. Gyropus alpinus n. sp. (Plate VIII.) A rather large species, unusually hairy, elongate, and belonging to that group of Gyropus species with fore legs and feet smaller than and different from the other two pairs. A pair of prominent laterally pro- jecting lobes on the prothorax, well developed clinging pads on the femora of second and third legs, and the length and irregular arrange- ment (not in the usual one or two regular transverse rows) of the numerous long hairs on the dorsal surface of the abdomen, especially distinguish the species. General color pale yellowish brown, with thorax darker, and an incomplete darker line running sub-marginally around the head. Male (PI. VIII, a). — Length of head .29 mm., thorax .40 mm., ab- domen 1.02 mm., total 1.71 mm.; width of head .37 mm., thorax .32 mm., abdomen .66 mm. Fern-ale. — Length of head .29 mm., thorax .43 mm., abdomen 1.25 mm.; width of head .36 mm., thorax .37 mm., abdomen .72 mm. Head of both male and female wider than long with well expanded squarish temples, antennae (PI. VIII, b) concealed in deep lateral fos- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 197 sae (PI. VIII, h), and numerous long, strong, spiny hairs, six ar- ranged along the occipital border, two in each temple, four in a trans- verse series about even with the deepest part of the antennal fossae, and eight or ten others anterior to this line. On the other side are a few hairs of which two, one in each temporal region, are particularly long and conspicuous. The thorax is long and slender, the effect of narrowness being heightened by the coloring which is paler in the lateral margins and angles. The prothorax has a salient blunt lateral projection on each side (PI. VIII, /) and bears six spiny hairs on its dorsal surface. On each lateral process are two short, curved spine-hairs. The long pen- tagonal mesothorax has straight lateral margins and bears about a score of strong spiny hairs on its dorsum, including two on each lateral margin. In addition each lateral margin bears two short pointed spines. The short metathorax, plainly set off from the mesothorax by a suture, bears about thirty long spiny hairs on the dorsum, unevenly disposed in two transverse series. On the under side of each thoracic segment there are two series of long, spiny hairs, arranged in lines converging posteriorly so as to form a V. The fore legs are a little shorter than the middle and hind ones and markedly different in make-up. The femora have no clinging pads as have the second and third legs, the first tarsal segment has a strong thumb-like lateral process, and the second segment is not elongate and bears a normal claw (PI. VIII, d, e). The femora of the second and third pairs of legs have a well-developed clinging pad on the side, the first tarsal segment is short, ring-like and inconspicuous, while the sec- ond is long, transversely striated and looks like a large, heavy, slightly bent claw (PI. VIII, /, g). As a matter of fact the real claw is simply the slightly differentiated tip of this claw-like segment. (This condi- tion of tarsal segment modified to be a claw-like and tarsal claw acting as its continuous tip is common to most Gyropi.) Abdomen not quite twice as long as wide, and one-fifth shorter in the male than in. the female, about 2l/2 times as long as the thorax in the male, and three times as long in the female. Conspicuously covered above and below with long, spiny hairs, not evenly arranged in one or two transverse rows as in most Gyropi, but irregularly disposed, although approaching a rough arrangement in three rows (PI. VIII, £). Posterior border without hooks or spines or other projecting pro- cesses, except a few conspicuous long hairs (PI. VIII, a and i). Each segment with a long spiny hair in each postero-lateral angle. Male genitalia as shown in PI. VIII, c. Numerous males and females taken from a vizcacha, Lagi- dium peruanum Meyen, Ninahuanchi, Peru, 13,000 it. altitude, C. H. T. Townsend, collector. 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 Genus PHILANDESIA nov. A two-clawed genus, occurring on mammals, with four-seg- mented antennae and other general Amblycerous characters and outline of body. Head with distinct, narrow, and peculiar ocular emarginations. Mouth parts (Text-fig, i) of unusual Philandesia townsendi n. sp., nov. gen. a, male ; b, antenna of male ; c, front leg of male ; d, tip of front leg of male, enlarged ; on or Trinoton with long thorax and short abdomen. Striking features are the nar- row, round-ended, ocular emarginations, the curious groove-like ap- pearance of the mouth (Text-fig, i), and the small and delicate but dis- tinct lateral Haps or pulvilli at the base of the claws. Male (Text-fig, a). — Length of head .30 mm., thorax .35 mm., ab- domen .98 mm., total 1.64 mm.; width of head .58 mm., thorax .58 mm., abdomen .86 mm. 1-ctnalc. — Length of head .36 mm., thorax .51 mm., abdomen 1.09 mm., total 1.96 mm.; width of head .59 mm., thorax .66 mm., abdomen .99 mm. Head triangular with small but distinct ocular marginations which are narrow and with sub-parallel margins at the inner ends which are narrowly rounded. On the dorsal aspect a very spiny hair in each temporal angle projecting back almost to abdomen and four other long spiny hairs along the occipital margin. There are two strong spiny hairs in each lateral marginal angle just in front of the ocular emargination, and numerous shorter spine-hairs scattered over the dorsum of the head. On the ventral face there are even more long spiny hairs and numerous shorter ones. The antennae are four-seg- mented, no signs of a fifth segment (division of segment 3 by a trans- verse suture) being apparent. A single hair (sense-hair ?) rises from the apical angle of segment i, three longer hairs from the apical angle 20O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 of segment 2, and there are several sense hairs and a pronounced sense pit at the tip of segment 4 (Text-fig, b). Whole head pale translucent yellowish brown, which is the general color tone of the whole body. . Spots of darker opaque brown indicate the special chitinization of mouth parts, etc. Prothorax large, longer than the head and with conspicuous ex- panded lateral margins or wings, and covered all over with strong spiny hairs some of them, especially those of the lateral and posterior margins, very long. Ventral face also with long spiny hairs. Meso- thorax smaller than prothorax, being little more than half as long, although quite as wide. (N. B. — In Text-fig, a the mesothorax is too long.) It is abundantly supplied with spine-hairs, a very long one arising from each postero-lateral angle. Metathorax distinctly set off from mesothorax by suture, but smaller and resembles an abdominal segment in general shape and appearance. ' Its numerous spine-hairs are disposed as those of the abdominal segments are. The general pale translucent yellowish brown of the thoracic segments is patterned by the showing through of the darker chitin rods of the ventral aspect and endoskeleton. Legs (Text-figs, c, d, h, g~) rather long and strong, and very spiny, especially the third pair. The distal ends of the tibiae of this pair are furnished with a conspicuous group of short stout spines, while a less conspicuous group occurs also on the ends of the second tibiae. The legs are concolorous with the body. The abdomen of the male is broad and only a little longer than head and thorax combined. In the female the abdomen is less broad and is also longer, giving it a decidedly more slender appearance. The entire abdomen, both on dorsal and ventral aspects, is thickly beset with long spiny hairs, those rising from the lateral margins (especially of the hinder segments) being very long indeed. The hairs on the dorsal aspect are disposed in two transverse series, but rather irregularly. The hairs of the hinder series of the two are longer than those in the front one (Text-fig. /). Posterior margin of abdomen in both male and female simply and broadly rounded, that of the female (Text-fig, e) with numerous fine hairs in close series at the lateral margins, while that of the male has the strongly-chitinized, unusually shaped genitalia either projecting or, if retracted, showing through rather plainly. (Text-fig, a.) Numerous males and females taken from a vizcacha, Lagi- dium peruanum Meyen, Ninahuanchi, Peru, 13,000 ft. altitude, C. H. T. Townsend, collector. In addition, Dr. Townsend's sending includes a species of Anopluran, represented by one male and three females, evi- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2OI dently all of one species, a species probably undescribed, of Polyplax. But all the specimens show some signs of imma- turity, notably in the hair covering of the body; so that, al- though the five-segmented condition of the antennae indicates maturity, we prefer not to describe the species at present. Some mites, also, were included and are almost certainly new, but we shall not undertake their description. Finally in addition to the ectoparasites from the vizcachas, .Dr. Townsend has sent us some Mallophaga taken in Peru from other mammal and bird hosts. The specimens from mammals include the familiar Trichodectes paruinpilosus from the horse, the curious Menopon jenningsi, described by Paine and myself in 1910 from the domestic guinea-pig, Cavia cobaya, and recorded by Paine again in 1912 from the wild guinea-pig, Cavia cutleri, of Peru, Dr. Townsend's specimens also coming from a domestic guinea-pig, and the interesting Trichodectes breviceps from the llama, described by Rudow in 1866, and not again recorded until now. Of chief interest, however, are two Mallophagan species taken from two speci- mens of the capuchin monkey, Cebus capuchinus. We are not as yet clear as to their status. The specimens from the birds will not be referred to in this paper. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. Gyropus alpinus n. sp. ; a, male; b, antenna of male; c, genitalia of male; d, front leg of male; e, tip of front leg of male, enlarged; f, middle leg of male; g, tip of middle leg of male, enlarged; h, ventral aspect of part of the head of male, showing antenna in fossa; i, last abdominal segment of female; j, lateral margin of prothorax ; k, fifth abdominal segment, dorsal aspect, showing disposition of hairs. A Correction. The Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Ento- mology held at Oxford, August, 1912, have appeared, dated Oxford, February, 1914. They form Volume I of the publications of this Con- gress, Volume II being the Transactions issued in October last. Owing to some error, the name of G. B. Cresson appears on pages 124 and 160 of the Proceedings, instead of that of E. T. Cresson, as having been elected an Honorary Member of the Congresses. 2O2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 An Improved Method of Caring for Specimens of Butterflies on Extended Collecting Trips. By R. A. LEUSSLER, Omaha, Nebraska. No doubt every butterfly collector who ever "papered" a lot of desirable material on some extended collecting trip, has experienced more or less disappointment when, on spreading the specimens, those the condition of which, when taken, left nothing to be desired, have been found minus antennae, or legs, the wings rubbed, or the thorax and abdomen flattened and distorted. The spreading of any papered specimens, too, is apt to prove more or less unsatisfactory, especially in those families having strong thoracic muscles, as the Hesperiidae, since when specimens have lain in papers though for a short time, the wings often show a tendency to revert to the posi- tion held while in the papers, which cannot be entirely over- come even though the insects are kept on the spreading boards for a considerable length of time. Also insects that have been once dried and then pinned do not become as firmly fixed on the pin as if pinned when fresh. During the past two summers I have employed a method of caring for my specimens, when on trips varying in length from a few days to two weeks, which proved so very satis- factory that I feel it deserves description for the benefit of other collectors. In general terms it consists in pinning the specimens while still pliable, reducing the wings to a horizon- tal position (in other words giving the insect a tentative spreading), and then partially relaxing them when they are to be transported homeward or from one place to another on the trip. Simple as the method is, its most effective applica- tion requires that it be described in detail. The first step is to put the specimens from the killing bottle into tight tin boxes for about 24 hours, when all rigor mortis will, have disappeared. For this purpose I use tin shoe polish boxes, and five or six of these boxes will hold 60 to 100 small and medium-sized butterflies. To keep the specimens from damaging each other by contact, I place Japanese crepe paper, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 cut to fit the boxes, between the layers of butterflies, and also take measures to prevent the boxes rattling around in the pocket. No pressure is allowed to come on the specimens. If the day is very hot and dry, a few small leaves or some grass may be placed in each box when it is filled, for the purpose of supplying a little moisture. Large butterflies may be pinned directly in an ordinary collecting box. On the evening of the following day I remove the speci- mens from the tin boxes and pin them carefully, so that the position of the pin need not afterward be changed, placing them in a cork-lined box, inclining the pin forward at an angle of about 45 degrees, and holding the wings in a hori- zontal position with respect to the body, by thrusting a long steel pin into the cork so that the side of it rests against the upper surface of the wings. At the same time I also see to it that the antennae are kept away from the pin on which the insect is impaled, so they are not endangered in later handling, In ordinary weather 12 hours is a sufficient length of time for the specimens to become set, after which they can be trans- ferred into the boxes in which they are to undergo transporta- tion. It is important to the success of this method that these boxes should be provided with some means of partially relax- ing the specimens previous to transportation. A cheap and simple, yet effective device for the purpose is found in the form of a small pan about 4 in. x 8 in., ^ in. deep, made of oiled sheet, such as is commonly used in letter press copying. This pan is made by marking off the size lightly with the point of a pocket knife, turning up the edges and fastening them by means of small paper fasteners or clasps. Into this pan are put half a dozen sheets of ordinary blotting paper, and the whole is fastened securely to the inside of the lid of the box with brass paper fasteners reinforced with washers of oiled sheet. Into these boxes the specimens are pinned after the wings have become set as described above. They can be pinned with wings overlapping or fl shingled," so that a great many speci- 2O4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 mens will find room in a single box. Eight such boxes can be placed in an ordinary suit case together with nets and other paraphernalia, and will accommodate 300 to 400 specimens. When it is desired to move to another locality or to ship specimens home, the blotters in the boxes are moistened, a few hours in advance, with water to which a few drops of, carbolic acid have been added, and the boxes for the time left upside down. The specimens will thus be sufficiently relaxed to stand the roughest kind of journey without the slightest damage, and will remain pliant for from 24 to 72 hours ac- cording to the amount of water supplied. If the boxes are wrapped with wax paper and an outer wrapping of stout paper, the moisture is conserved and the period of pliancy ac- cordingly prolonged. In handling my specimens in the above manner, I place on the pin of each specimen, at the time of pinning, a temporary pin label, bearing a number to indicate the locality, besides the date of capture. This pin label accompanies the specimen during all subsequent handling, and is ultimately replaced by a permanent label carrying full data obtained from a field note book or key. The advantages of this method may be summed up as fol- lows: 1. Immunity from damage to specimens in transit and handling. 2. Retention of natural shape of bodies of insects. 3. Greater facility in relaxing and spreading, resulting in much better specimens, with wings in better position. 4. Ready examination, selection and identification of ma- terial without the delay of spreading. This method is not entirely original, being first suggested by seeing Mr. R. W. Dawson, of the University of Nebraska, place his specimens in tin boxes at the end of a day's collect- ing, and pin them on the following day when they were pliable so that the wings readily remained in a horizontal position. Possibly other collectors have hit upon the same scheme, but many have not and it seems good enough to pass along for their benefit. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2O5 The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hungarian Nat- ional Museum (Diptera) — III. By CHAS. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y. (Plate IX.) Tribe 3 — ERIOPTERINI. Genus Erioptera Meigen. 1803. Erioptera Meigen; Illiger's Magaz., vol. 2, p. 262. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) annulipes Williston.1 One female from San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig, 1908; one female from Callanga, Peru. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) sp. One female from Paraguay, taken by Fiebrig. It is closely allied to immaculata Alexander.2 Erioptera (Mesocyphona) sp. One male from Coroico, Bolivia. Closely allied to caloptera Say.3 Genus Molophilus Curtis. 1833. Molophilus Curtis; Brit. Entomol., p. 444. Molophilus flavidus sp. n. (PI. IX fig. 2). Color yellowish; male antennae elongate; ventral appendage of the male hypopygium deeply bifid. Male. — Length, about 4.1 mm. ; wing, 5.6 mm. Palpi brown ; an- tennae elongate, the segments covered with a dense pubescence, an-' tennae very light brown ; head dull yellow. Pronotum pale yellow without apparent stripes, the lateral margin of the sclerite and the sides of the pronotal scutellum very light yel- low; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light brownish yellow. Pleurae light yellow. Halteres, stem yellow, knob broken. Legs, coxae and trochanters yellow ; femora yellow basally darkened into brownish on the apical half ; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings pale yellowish, veins light yellow, indistinct. Venation : basal deflection of R4 plus 5 very reduced, or, in other words, the veins R2 plus 3 and R^ arise almost directly from the end of R$. Abdomen light yellowish brown. Hypopygium with the ventral ap- pendage (see Plate IX, fig. 2) very deeply bifid, the inner branch short- er, at its tip slightly denticulated, the outer branch very long, bearing 1 Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 294 (1896). 2 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 518; pi. 66, fig. 20. 3 Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 3, p. 17 (1823). 2O6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 along its ventral face a row of spine-like teeth, the tip flattened and provided with a few appressed teeth. The dorsal lobe at its dorso-apical angle provided with the usual curved hook-like appendage, the lobe densely clothed with long, pale hairs ; the tip of the lobe ventrad of the hook-like appendage is produced into a short, sharp spine. Holotype, male, Concepcion, Chile (P. Herbst, coll.), 1904, in the Hungarian National Museum. The ? Hrioptera uniformis Blanchard4, ? longipcs Philippi'"' and ? pallida Philippi6 may possibly be Molophili. Philippi's description would seem to indicate rather unusual insects, longipes being described as having an elongate rostrum. In our present state of knowledge of Chilian Tipulidae, I cannot determine any of the forms before me as Blanchard's or Philippi's species. Molophilus taurus sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 1.) Color brown ; male antennae short, ventral appendage of the male hypopygium deeply bifid. Male. — Length, about 4.6 mm. ; wing, 6.2 mm. Palpi dark brown ; antennae short, the flagellar segments oval to elongate-oval, brown ; head blackish gray. Pronotum narrow, the scutum yellow, with a brown tinge, a bunch of long black hairs at each outer angle ; scutellum light yellow. Meso- notal prasscutum light grayish brown ; scutum and scutellum light brown ; postnotum very dark grayish brown. Pleura brownish gray, more yellowish around the wing-root. Halteres pale yellowish brown. Legs brown. Wings subhyaline, the veins distinct, brown. Vena- tion : R4 plus 5 rather long, longer than the cross-vein r. Abdomen dark brown, densely clothed with long pale hairs. Hypo- pygium with the ventral appendage (see Plate IX, figure i) very deeply bifid, the inner branch short bearing on its inner face a number of blunt teeth, including a bunch of about three near the middle, the tip sharp; outer branch long, slender, directed caudacl and entad, crossing its mate of the opposite side like a rapier, long, cylindrical, tapering to the sharp point. Dorsal lobe and its appendages about as in ftavi- dus. Holotype, male, Rancagua, Chile. December, 1904 (P. Herbst, coll.), in the Hungarian National Museum. 4 Blanchard, Gay, in Hist. fis. y polit. de Chile ; Zool., vol. 7, p. 343 (1852). 5 Philippi, Verb. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, p. 616 (1865). 6 Philippi, /. c. Vol. XXV | ENTOMOLOGICAL MEWS 2O/ Molophilus Sagittarius sp. n. ( Tl. TX, fig. 4.) Color brown; male antennae short; ventral appendage of the male hypopygium simple, its caudal margin with about six long serrations. Male. — Length, about 3.8 mm. ; wing, about 6 mm. Palpi dark brown, antennas brown, short, the flagellar segments oval ; head grayish brown. Pronotum enormously enlarged, fitting around the cephalic margin of the mesonotum like a life belt, bright yellow. Prasscutum and scutum dark brown; scutellum yellowish brown; postnotum dark brown. Pleuras dark brown. Halteres entirely light yellow. Legs, coxae and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora yellowish brown ; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, veins brown, rather distinct. Abdomen dark brown. Hypopygium with the ventral appendage ( See Plate IX, figure 4) simple, flattened, its outer margin with about six long serrations. Female. — About as in the male but the pronotum is not conspicu- ously swollen and is not yellow ; the thoracic praescutum has indica- tions of three darker dorsal stripes ; wings a little browner. Holotypc, male, Coroico, Bolivia. Allot \pe, female, Callanga, Peru. Paratype, female, Cillutincara, Bolivia. Allied to M. per sens Alexander7, of Colombia, but the ventral appendage of the male hypopygium is much less regu- larly serrated on its outer margin and the teeth are fewer (about 6 instead of 10 or 12) and longer; dorsal lobe very small and narrow. The hypopygium of .17. guatemalensis Alexander8 has never been described and so I 'figure the ventral hypopygial appendage (see Plate IX, fig. 3) ; the ap- pendage is simple, sickle-shaped, on the outer side near the base with a sharp point. • Genus Gnophomyia Osten Sacken. 1859. (i'iit>rlioinyia. Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 223. Gnophomyia luctuosa Osten Sacken. ( )ne female from the Sierra, San Lorenzo, Colombia ; Uj- heyi, collector. • 7 Alexander, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, pp. 201, 202; pi. 6, figs. 4, 5 (1913). 8 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 511 (1913). 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 Gnophomyia maestitia sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 8.) Color black; a yellow spot on the caudal end of the pronotum; wings dark colored with a darker brown cross band near the cord ; halteres black; antennas of the $ elongate. Male, length 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm. Female, length 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm. Male. — Palpi black ; antennas long, extending beyond the base of the wing; flagellar segments elongate, black; head black. Pronotal scutellum largely light yellow, the median portion dark. Mesonotal praescutum deep black ; scutum, scutellum and postnotum black, the scutellum shiny and with a pearly lustre. Pleurae black; a narrow, light yellow mark extending from the end of the pronotal scutellum almost to the wing-root; a yellow blotch between the mid- dle and hind coxae. Halteres black. Legs black. Wings dark colored, a broad, irregular dark band in the vicinity of the cord ; cells R and M almost hyaline. Venation (see Plate ix, figure 8) : Cross-vein r connecting with R2\ R2 very long; Rs short, straight. Abdominal tergites dark brownish black; sternites a little paler. Female. — Yellow color of the thorax reduced, the pronotal pattern confined to a small rounded spot underneath the pseudosutural f ovea ; yellow on the mesosternum not indicated ; antennae rather shorter. Holotype, male, Vilcanota, Peru; Allotype, female, Callanga, Peru ; Paratypes, I male, Vilcanota, Peru ; 3 males, 2 females, Callanga, Peru ; in the Hungarian National Museum ; i male. I female, paratypes, in author's collection. Most closely allied to nigrina Wied.10 from which it differs in its slightly larger size, difference in body coloration and in wing pattern ; luctuosa O. S.11 and tristissima O. S.12 are the only other species with which it could be confused, differing from the former by its long antennae, non-pubescent wings, etc., and from the latter by its black halteres, short and straight radial sector, etc. Gnophomyia pervicax sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 7.) Shiny yellowish ; thoracic dorsum with three brown stripes ; pleurae yellow with a dorsal brown band ; wings hyaline with a narrow brown seam along the cord ; vein R2 short. Male, length 6 mm. ; wing, 6.4 mm. Female, length 4.5 mm. ; wing, 6 mm. Female. — Palpi dark brown, the basal segment a little lighter ; an- 10 Wiedemann, Aussereur-Zweifl. Ins., vol. i, p. 37 (1828). 11 Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 224 (1859). 12 Osten Sacken, /. c. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate IX. 73 NEOTROPICAL TIPULIDAE-ALEXANDER. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2OO, tennae brown; front yellow; vertex brownish; occiput and genae dull yellow. Pronotum light dull yellow. Mesonotal praescutum shiny, dull yel- low with three very broad brown stripes which are confluent behind, the middle stripe beginning at the cephalic margin of the sclerite ; scutum light brown, the middle of the lobes dark brown; scutellum light brown; postnotum light brown, the sides very dark, almost black, especially behind. Pleurae yellowish, the mesopleurae tinged with brown ; a large rounded dark brown spot between the bases of the halteres and the wings. Halteres light yellow, knob brown. Legs, cox32 and trochanters yellowish, femora and tibiae dull yellow, tarsi dull yellow becoming brown on the apical segments. Wings subhyaline, a brown band extending from the tips of $c and R down across the cord to cell istM2; veins brown. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 7) : Sc long, extending beyond the cross-vein r; cross- vein r connecting with R2 plus 3 nearer to its origin than its tip ; R2 very short. Abdomen with the four basal tergites yellow with a broad, dark brown, lateral margin ; remaining tergites dull brown ; sternites, basal ones dull yellow, terminal four sclerites suffused with brown. Male. — This sex shows a dark brown pleural band across the scler- ites; femora with a light brown tip, tibiae with a distinct brown tip; cross-vein r about midlength of R2 plus 3 and a faint brown seami along the outer end of cell \siM2. Holotype, male; Allotype, female, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum. G. pervicax is allied to G. hirsnta Alex.13 (Brazil) in its peculiar venation but has only a single narrow alar cross- band. Genus Trimicra Osten Sacken. 1861. Trimicra Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. Trimicra sp. One male from Asuncion, Paraguay, June, 1905. Vezenyi. Genus Sigmatomera Osten Sacken. 1869. Sigmatomera Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 137- Sigmatomera occulta sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 5.) Wings without dark cross bands ; cell \stM2 closed. Female.— Length, 13.5 mm.; wing, 14.3 mm. Rostrum and palpi 13 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 523, plate 67, fig. 30 (1913)- 2IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ["-May, '*4 light yellow, the terminal palpal segments a little more brown; an- tennae with the two basal segments dull yellow, flagellum black; head dull greenish brown (greasy in the type). Thoracic dorsum dull brownish yellow without well defined stripes ; caudo-lateral angles of the praescutum brown ; scutum and scutellum brown; postnotum greenish brown. Pleurae dull yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs light yellow, the tibiae a little darkened at the tip, tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, cells C and Sc yellow; veins C, Sc and R yellow, other veins dark brown. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 5) : Deflec- tion of R2 plus 3 with a spur at midlength ; cell \stM2 closed. Abdominal tergites rich brown with a blackish median blotch ; sternites brownish. Holotype, female, Ascuncion, Villa Morra, Paraguay, Vezen- yi, in the Hungarian National Museum. 6\ occulta differs from 5. flavipcnnis O. S.14, the only described species with a closed cell istM2, in its lack of dark crossbands on the wing. Genus Rhabdomastix Skuse. 1889. Rhabdomastix Skuse; Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 828. Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) illudens sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 6.) Antennae of the $ between four and five times as long as the body; a dark brown stigmal spot. Male. — Length, 74 mm. ; wing, 7.7 mm. ; antennae, 33 mm. Palpi very short, the first segment light brown, the apical segments almost black ; antennae with the basal segment enormously enlarged, barrel- shaped, the second segment small, rounded, flagellar segments succes- sively elongated, the apical segments very long, the whole antennae almost five times as long as the body ; scapal segments brown, flagel- lar segments very pale, the extreme tip of each segment narrowly dark brownish black, the apical antennal segments more brown ; the whole head underneath the swollen scapal segment is very deep and stout; head light gray. Thorax brown with a light gray bloom ; pseudosutural f ovea large, prominent, black ; tuberculate pits rather far cephalad, black ; scutum and postnotum grayish, scutellum rich brown. Pleurae pale brownish with a sparse gray bloom. Halteres short, yellowish. Legs, coxae and trochanters yellowish; fore and middle trochanters long and slender, the hind trochanter shorter ; femora and tibiae yel- lowish brown becoming browner on the tarsi. 14 Osten Sacken, Smithson. Miscell. Coll., vol. 11, No. 256 (1873). Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 Wings subhyaline ; a brown stigmal spot ; veins pale brownish yel- low. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 6) almost as in R (Sacandaga) flava Alex.15 but the cross-vein m, here, is much longer. Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, sternites paler, yellowish. Holotype, male, Coroico, Bolivia, in the Hungarian National Museum. From R. (R.} ostensackeni Skuse16 (Australia) it dif- fers in the much greater length of the antennae which is here more than four times as long as the body, in ostensackeni not quite twice as long. ' From the members of the subgenus Sacandaga, it differs in the elongate male antennae. The dis- covery of a member of this subgenus in the New World is of exceptional interest. Genus Lecteria Osten Sacken. 1887. Lecteria Osten Sacken; Berl. Entomol. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 206. Lecteria armillaris Fabr. 17 One female from Espirito Santo, Brazil ; one specimen, sex uncertain, from Callanga, Peru. Lecteria abnormis sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 9.) Tibiae spurred ; color grayish with a narrow dorsal brown median line extending from the head to the mesonotal scutellum ; wings sub- hyaline with a brown costal margin; vein R2 obliterated. Sex, (?) (probably a 9). Head and thorax, 4.5 mm.; wing, 12.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown ; antennal segments I and 2 dull yellow, the first segment very long, the second very short, globular; flagellar segments brownish ; front, vertex and occiput yellowish gray with a narrow dark brown median vitta originating beween the an- tennae and running to the caudal margin. Pronotum gray with a narrow dark brown median stripe. Meso- nctal prasscutum brownish, more grayish behind and on the sides, with a dark brown median line ; scutum and scutellum light gray, the dark brown median vitta ending on the scutellum ; postnotum gray. Pleurae very light gray. Halteres dull yellow, the knob dark brown. Legs, coxae light gray, trochanters dull yellow, femora dull brown- ish yellow with a dark brown subapical ring close to the tip, tibiae spurred, dull yellow, brown at the tip ; tarsi brownish yellow, the apices of the segments darker, brown. 16 Alexander, Ent. News, vol. 22, pp. 351, 352 (1911). 16 Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, vol. 4, second series, p. 829, pi. 22, fig. 15 (1889). 17 Fabricius, Syst. Antl., p. 26 (1805). 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc brown, veins brown. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 9) vein R2 entirely obliterated and only two branches of the sector attain the margin. Abdomen broken. Holotype, Paraguay, Fiebrig, coll., in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. L. abnormis belongs to Psaronius Enderlein, if this be ad- mitted as a valid genus or subgenus. We have here a venational phenomenon which is compar- able to that in the subgenus Leiponeura of Gonomyia Meigen, that is, the total obliteration of one of the branches of the radial sector. This condition is presaged by L. obliterate! Alex.18 (British Guiana) but in this new species the loss of R2 is complete. In keys to the Tipulid tribes this would run down to the Antochini and students of the family should exercise care in the study of this interesting group of species. Tribe 4 — LIMNOPHILINI. Genus Limnophila Macquart. 1834. Limnophila Macquart; Suit, a Bffon, vol. I, p. 95. Limnophila kerteszi sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 10.) Thorax grayish without distinct stripes ; wings long and narrow with brown markings, these largest along the costal border. F/male. — Length, 8.8 mm. ; abdomen, 7.6 mm. ; wing, 8.6 mm. Ros- trum and palpi very dark brown ; antennae dark brownish black ; head grayish brown. Thoracic prsescutum yellowish brown without apparent stripes ; scu- tum gray, the lobes dark brown ; scutellum and postnotum light gray. Pleurae brown with a dull gray bloom. Halteres long, very pale, al- most whitish, the knob a little brown. Legs, coxae brownish, trochanters dull yellow, femora dull yellow with an indistinct brown subapical ring, tibias brown, tarsi brown. Wings whitish with brown marks as follows : Cell C brown except the outer quarter ; cell Sci except the tip ; a brown mark at the base of cell R, another at the origin of Rs; an irregular brown seam along the cord ; a large brown blotch occupying the end of cell R2 and the middle of cell R$ ; a rounded spot in the middle of cell 7?5 ; marks on the forks of veins, cross-veins and deflections of veins and at the ends of the longitudinal veins ; gray clouds along the anal angle of the wing. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 10) : Sc2 longer than Sci ; Rs very long, straight in a line with 7?2 plus 3 ; cell Mi present. 18 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 494, plate 68, figure 41 (1913). Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 Abdomen long, tergites dark brown; sternites dark brown on the basal third and along the sides ; remainder of each segment yellow. Holotype, female, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. Limnophila conspersa Enderlein.19 One female from Espirito Santo, Brazil. More properly re- ferred to Limnophila than Lecteria or Psaronius. Genus Epiphragma Osten Sacken. 1859. Epiphragma Osten Sacken ; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., p. 238. Epiphragma cordillerensis Alexander.20 One female, Callanga, Peru ; one, sex uncertain, from San Antonio, Bolivia. Tribe 5 — HEXATOMINI. Genus Eriocera Macquart. 1838. Eriocera Macquart; Dipt. Exot., vol. I, pt. I, p. 74. Eriocera perdecora sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 11.) Head black ; thoracic dorsum reddish ; abdomen black ; wings brown with a broad yellow cross band and yellowish anal cells. Female. — Length, about 18.5 mm. ; wing, 14.4 mm. Rostrum and palpi black ; antennse black ; head black. Pronotum black ; mesonotum entirely light orange-yellow, the ex- treme lateral margin of the sclerites dark brown. Pleurse dark brown- ish black. Halteres black. Legs, coxae and trochanters dark brown ; femora brown, darker at the tip ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown ; middle and hind femora with the basal half brighter, brownish yellow. Wings dark brown, cells C and Sc yellow ; a broad yellow band across the wing mostly before the cord; anal cells largely yellowish. Vena- tion, see Plate IX figure u. Abdominal tergites dark brownish black, the last segments more red- dish, valves of the ovipositor dark brown; sternites, basal segments a little brighter, the last segment reddish. Holotype, female, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. In my key to the Neotropical Hriocerae (Psyche, vol. 21, pp. 34-37. 1914.) perdecora would run down to the couplet con- 19 Enderlein, Zool. Jahrbuch, vol. 32, pt. I, pp. 49, 5° (fig- DO (1912). (as Dactylolabis). 20 Alexander, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, pp. 202, 203, pi. 5, fig. 8 (1913). 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 taining braconides End.21 and magnified Alex.22, species with the head hlack. It differs from both of these species and from all other banded winged species, in its reddish thoracic dorsum. Eriocera sublima sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 12.) Head red ; thorax black ; abdomen black, the last segment orange ; wings dark brown with a very narrow white cross band at the cord. Female. — Length, 13.2 mm.; wing, 11.4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown ; antennae with the scapal segments deep orange-red, flagellar segments dark brown ; front, vertex and occiput fiery orange, the gense darker. Thorax dark brownish black, the mesonotum without well defined stripes. Halteres black. Legs very dark brownish black, the tips of the tibiae and the tarsi much paler, light brown. Wings dark brown, the alar band white and very narrow, of about the same width as the cell istM2 ; anal cells of the wing scarcely paler. Venation, see Plate IX, figure 12. Abdominal segments dark brown, the last segment abruptly fiery orange. Holotype, female, Minas Geraes, Brazil, 1897. Ex Coll. Fruhstorfer, in the Hungarian National Museum. This species differs from all of the forms with banded wings in the very narrow, white alar band, and in its very dark brownish coloration. Eriocera chrysoptera Walker.. (PI. IX, fig. 13.) 1856. -Limnobia chrysoptera Walker; Ins. Saunders, vol. I, Dipt, p. 438. 1902. L. chrysoptera Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 171. 1913. Eriocera chrysoptera Alexander; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. ; vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 490. 1914. Eriocera chrysoptera Alexander; Psyche, vol. 21, p. 37. Female. — Length, 18.8 mm.; wing, 13.6 mm. Rostrum, palpi, an- tennae and head very deep black. Thorax black. Halteres short, black. Legs, coxae and trochanters black, basal portion of femora dark brownish black, this dark base narrowest on the fore legs, broadest on the hind legs where it covers almost one-third of the segment, tip of femora black, the middle portion bright yellow ; tibiae and tarsi very dark brown. 21 Enderlin, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. i, p. 47, fig. Bi (1912). "Alexander, Psyche, vol. 21, pp. 37, 38; pi. 4, fig. 7 (1014). Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215 Wings bright golden yellow, the anal cells gray ; tip of the wing from the cord outward dark brown. Venation, see Plate IX, figure 13. Abdomen black. Two specimens, one a female, one with the abdomen brok- en, from Coroico, Bolivia. I have but little doubt that this is Walker's chrysoptera; the type in the British Museum has lost all the legs, which are quite distinctive in this species. Eriocera ohausiana Enderlein. 1912. Eriocera ohausiana Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. i, pp. 45, 46, fig. Ai. 1913. Eriocera ohausiana Alexander; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 490. 1914. Eriocera ohausiana Alexander; Psyche, vol. 21, p. 36. One male, Sierra, San Lorenzo, Colombia ; Ujhelyi, coll. One male, one female, Callanga, Peru. One female from Songo, Bolivia. One female from Coroico, Bolivia. These specimens vary much in intensity of the wing-pat- tern and in coloration, but I cannot find characters which will justify specific separation. The two females from Bolivia lack the dark femoral apices and have the abdominal tergites 5-7 blackish, the wing much more uniform in coloration, etc. The female from Peru has the legs dark brown and lacks black coloration on the abdomen. I have retained one male, one female, for my collection. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Figure i. Hypopygium of Molophilus taurus sp. n. ; ventral apical appendage from beneath. Figure 2. Hypopygium of M. flavidus sp. n. ; ventral apical append- age from beneath. Figure 3. Hypopygium of M. guatcmalensis Alexander ; ventral api- cal appendage from beneath. Figure 4. Hypopygium of M. Sagittarius sp. n. ; ventral apical ap- pendage from beneath. Figure 5. Wing of Sigmatomera occulta sp. n. Figure 6. Wing of Rhabdomastix illudens sp. n. Figure 7. Wing of Gnophomyia pervicax sp. n. Figure 8. Wing of G. maestitia sp. n. Figure 9. Wing of Lecteria abnonnis sp. n. Figure 10. Wing of Limnophila kerteszi sp. n. Figure n. Wing of Eriocera perdecora sp. n. Figure 12. Wing of E. sublima sp. n. Figure 13. Wing of E. chrysoptera Walker. 2l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 On the Genus Phoetalia of Authors (Orthoptera, Blattidae, Epilamprinae). By JAMES A. G. REHN and MORGAN HEBARD. In 1875' Stal erected the genus Phoetalia, giving Nauph. laevigata P. B. as type, which species is now known to be a member of the genus Nyctibora. Thus Phoetalia falls into the synonymy under Nyctibora. The difficulty was caused by Stal really having material belonging to the genus at present under discussion, but confusing the species with the very dif- ferent laevigata of Beauvois as other authors had already done. We here propose the name Wattenwyliella for the genus which has been known as Phoetalia by Kirby, Rehn and Hebard and Caudell and as Phaetalia by Shelford, and we select Nauphoeta pallida of Brunner as the type. The genus includes another species, Nauphoeta circumvagans of Bur- meister. Wattenwyliella pallida (Brunner). 1839. Blatta laevigata Serville (not of Beauvois, 1805), Ins. Orth., p. 98, No. 21. (Cuba^ Martinique.) 1857. Blatta (Panchlora) laevigata Guerin (not of Beauvois, 1805), Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Ins., p. 344. (Cuba.) 1864. Blatta laevigata Saussure (not of Beauvois, 1805), Mem. Mex. Blatt, p. 99, pi. I, fig. 16. (Cuba; Martinique; San Domingo.) 1865. Nauphoeta pallida Brunner, Syst. Blatt, p. 286. (Cuba.) 1868. Nauphoeta marginalis Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 41, no. 14. ( '?) 1870. Nauphoeta laevigata Saussure (not Blatta laevigata of Beau- vois, 1805), Miss. Sci. Mex., Orth., p. 104. (Antilles; Mexico.) 1893. Nauphoeta laevigata Saussure and Pictet (not Blatta laevigata of Beauvois, 1805), Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 101. (Mexico; Guatemala; Cuba; San Domingo.) 1904. Phoetalia pallida Kirby, Synon. Cat. Orth., I, p. 116. (West Indies; Brazil; Teneriffe, Canary Islands.) 1910. Phoetalia laevigata Rehn and Hebard (not Blatta laevigata of Beauvois, 1805), Ent. News, xxi, p. 103. (Key Largo, Florida.) 1910. P(haetalia) laevigata Shelford (not Blatta laevigata of Beau- vois, 1805), Gen. Ins., Fasc. 101, Epilamprinae, p. 8. 1912. Phoetalia laevigata Rehn and Hebard (not Blatta laevigata of Beauvois, 1805), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1912, p. 240. (Key Largo, Florida.) Vol. XXVJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217 1913. Phoetalia laevigata Caudell (not Blatta laevigata of Beauvois, 1805), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, p. 603. Saussure's description and figure of this species, in 1864, as Blatta laevigata Palis. Beauv., are very satisfactory though the colors of the figure are too brilliant. Brunner, in 1865, misidentified specimens of circumvagans as the present species, hence his redescription and use of the name pallida for the present insect', which at that time was generally considered to be Blatta laevigata. Wattenwyliella circumvagans (Burmeister). 1838. N(auphoeta) circumvagans Burmeister, Handb. Ent,. II, p. 508. (Santa Catherina, Brazil; Teneriffe, Canary Islands; around the world in ships.) 1858. Blatta marginicollis Stal, Eugenie's Resa, Ins., p. 307. (Ma- deira.) 1865. N(auphoeta) laevigata Brunner (not Blatta laevigata of Beau- vois, 1805), Syst. Blatt., p. 285, pi. vii, figs. 33a-e. (Madeira.) 1910. P(haetalia) circumvagans Shelford, Gen. Ins., Ease. 101, Epi- lamprinae, p. 8. Brunner's description and figures of the present species, as N. laevigata Pal., are by far the most explicit and satisfactory. An Adventure While Collecting Bees in Guatemala.* By WILMATTE PORTER COCKERELL, Boulder, Colorado. To the wise old saw : Blessed is the man who has a hobby, I would add, and many times blessed the woman. When I think of the good things I might have missed if I had not been collecting bees, I marvel that all travelers do not turn natur- [* Mrs. Cockerell was just a month in Guatemala. So far the fol- lowing new things have been described from her collections. Many of the things have not yet been worked up. I give only the things actually published: i tree (Phyllocarpns septentrionalis Bonn. Smith), I snail (Thysanophora cockcrellae Pilsbry), 5 gregarines (descr. by Ellis), 4 Ichneumonidae (3 descr. by Viereck, i by Ckll.), i Chalcidid (descr. by Ckll.), i n. g. and sp. Orthoptera (descr. by Ckll.), 36 spp. and ii subspp. of bees. (One additional bee has been sent for publica- tion, and a paper by Rohwer with numerous new wasps awaits publi- cation.)—T. D. A. C.] 2l8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 alists or perhaps archeologists, or bibliophiles, for even the collection of idols or old books has elements not to be despised. My net was always a letter of introduction, for there are naturalists the world over. The first friend to be thus bagged was a young engineer who was taking a job on the great canal only because he wanted to make collections of tropical beetles, and the last was an engineer coming home from South America, the grandson of a celebrated nature writer, and himself an ardent student of color photography. How much these young men added to my going and coming with tales of strange lands and distant peoples! And curiously, the first person I met at the port was a woman, who had lived for years in the little republic and who had an inexhaustible fund of animal and plant lore. Then there were the others, full of kindness to the lady "bug-catcher," but the most graci- ous of all the friend who took me to her house and guarded my time so that every moment might count for the bees or bee notes of that wonderful tropical land. Once, however, I found myself suspected and arrested; my net a badge of some strange foreign magic. We drove from Guatemala City to Antigua, and though it is a scant thirty miles we were the most of the day on the road. It was simply maddening to sit in the carriage and see all sorts of new and wonderful plants growing by the road- side, and every little while a great bee would crawl from its nest in the bank by the road and add greatly to my unhappi- ness. So when we started home I determined to walk ahead of the carriage, and do some collecting. The carriage was ordered for ten-thirty, and I planned to start at six if possible. At five I went into the dining room hoping to get some breakfast, but the funny waitress, a French negro ladrina, declared there was no breakfast for an hour and held up her brown finger to emphasize the information, but a man was eating in the corner and I appealed to him as he spoke Eng- lish. No, he said, it was not yet breakfast time; the bread had not yet been brought in (it is usually baked by the Indians and brought in by the basket load), and the milk was still at Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2IQ the finca (farm). This all sounded reasonable enough if the man had not been eating, and so I inquired: "If one, why not another." For a moment he seemed confused, but with a wave of the hand and a bow (the Spanish way of dismiss- ing a troublesome question) he answered: "It is too early for ladies." I felt that I would better go hungry than to insist in the face of such gallant sentiments but my bibliophile friend ap- peared. She knows the ways of the country, the language, and best of all has a fund of compliments that even put a Spanish gentleman to shame, and like magic the breakfast appeared — oranges, bread, hot milk, and even pan dulce (sweet biscuit.) The stars were still shining as I walked through the long quiet streets, lined with adobe houses, all one-story, and rich in Moorish tints of yellow and pink and azure blue. The sun was only just warming up the hillsides when I came into the open country. The road was cut through the hills and on both sides the land rose quickly into a rough foothill region, sparsely covered with trees and flowery bushes. On the first rise there were scattered pines, and in the direction of the city I could see the perfect cones of the volcanoes. The air was fresh and invigorating, and I spent a wonderful three hours on that warm hillside. There was a bush covered with blossoms that looked like our red pentstemons literally full of humming birds and a tree, which for want of a better name, I called the Senecio tree, swarming with bees ; and there were birds very like our Baltimore Oriole, but with heavier bills, eating the berries from a Solanum. On the larger trees, I could hear the insistent drumming of woodpeckers, and oc- casionally I caught a glimpse of one as it flew from tree to tree, a brown-speckled bird with a gleam of azure when it flew. Indian men and women were preparing bundles of wood and passed me now and then with a "I'.uenos dias, Senora." A small boy came down from the pine ridge to try his English upon me. He had once had a little English, at a school in Guatemala City, at least so I gathered, and he 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 knew half dozen English phrases. "Are you American or English? Is your President Mr. Roosevelt? Are you mar- ried? How old are you?" When I satisfied him upon all these important questions, and he had helped me catch a large butterfly, and accepted with great thanks $2.00 (10 cents) he went back to his wood cutting. A white-throated humming bird came and settled on my net, and every few minutes I added a new species of bee to my collection. Much too soon it was eleven o'clock, and I felt I must get back near enough to the road to see the carriage. Unfortu- nately, when I could see the road I could be seen, and, as many Indians were passing along, I found myself inspected by them. I tried to go on with my collecting as though I was quite accustomed to work with fifty Indians looking on. In the main, I did not think them unfriendly, though I was told that they do not like foreigners. I saw no white people and I understood that there were very few in that part of the country. An Indian came and looked over the fence and asked me what I was doing. I explained in Spanish, which I had carefully learned by heart, that I caught butterflies and flies, mariposas and moscas, and I hoped it was permitted. At that he began shaking his stick in my face, and talking volumes of Spanish, none of which I understood. I tried to pretend that I took no further interest in him and went on with my collecting, but when he began to crawl under the fence I crawled out. I could argue the case better on the road, and I expected the carriage every minute. He came up near to me waving his stick, and when I seemed not to be taking the mat- ter as seriously as he intended, he called and a man with a gun appeared, possibly a soldier. He was the funniest sight I ever expect to see — his gun was a most curious old-fashioned sort ; he was barefooted, of course, and had on trousers made of flour sacks with "Pillsbury's Best" quite conspicuous on one leg. He said that I was arrested and I laughed — the flour sack trousers were so very funny ! I explained again what I was doing, and that I was a friend of the priest, who would be Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL N£WS 221 angry if I were molested. This finished the soldier person, and he disappeared amid much talking and great shakings of the stick by the first officer or brigand. Still no sound of wheels, but a pleasant-faced Indian woman came along carrying a huge basket on her head, a baby in a blanket on her back and two chickens in her hands. I told her as best I could that I was afraid of the man, and she smiled, let me carry the chickens, and we trotted along to- gether, followed by the militant brigand. But my guide's road turned off from the main road, and I was again alone with the barefooted, blue-calico-dressed officer. Fortunately for my peace of mind, I soon came to a small adobe house, a cantina where all the Indians stopped for a drink. My captor said that I was not to stop, but I stopped. The Indian woman who sold the drinks told me that I must do as the man said — all this in Spanish, so that I mostly guessed at what was said. The officer said in a loud voice that I must go on, pronto vamoose. I knew those words, and I sat a little more firmly on the box, and a dozen or more Indians gathered about me, and a little five-year-old girl who had left her burden at the door put her hand in mine with some soft Spanish words. A -pleasant-faced Indian began to argue with the officer, I thought in my behalf, and all the time the Indians came in and out of the little room, getting, I am afraid, a little more white eye than was good for them and all stopping to regard the strange Inglese lady. Ten rather anxious minutes went by, and my captor was making further violent efforts with his stick when I heard our driver's insistent "Mula ! Mula !" Never will mules look so good to me again as those five that dashed around the corner and drew up with a flourish in front of the little cantina. The Gualtemaltecan's attitude changed amazingly when he saw five other Americans. He insisted that he thought I was poisoning the plants, but so differently did he feel that he went out and brought a beautiful chrysalis, a souvenir of the occasion, perhaps. 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [May, '14 A new Coccid Infesting Citrus Trees in California (Hemip.). By ROY E. CAMPBELL, Berkeley, California. In the early part of 1909 student inspectors from Pomona College discovered a soft scale on citrus trees near Claremont, California, which appeared to be different from the common Coccus hesperidum Linn. The insect was first identified as Coccus longulus Doug., but was later changed to Coccus elon- gatus Sign. Recent investigations by the writer indicate that the scale is a new species. The insects were observed in no great numbers, but have since become considerably more abundant, and have also been found in a number of other localities. Coccus citricola n. sp. Adult Female. — Length, 3 to 6 mm.; width, 2 to 3 mm.; general color, dull gray, interspersed with numerous irregular yellowish spots. Body elongate, ends broadly rounded. Dorsum with small blotches forming a distinct irregular yellow stripe extending from anal plates almost to anterior margin. Two similar less distinct submedian stripes parallel with margin, and occasionally two indistinct submarginal stripes. A yellowish band of the same character extends around the margin. Antennae regularly eight-jointed, occasionally a specimen has seven joints in one and eight in the other, rarely seven in both. Aver- age and most common formula 8-3-1 (4-5) -2-6-7. The eighth is prac- tically invariably the longest joint, sixth and seventh the shortest, while the rest vary considerably. No hairs on third and fourth joints. Stigmatic cleft small, with three spines, median spine curved and three times as long as others. Marginal hairs numerous, simple, pointed. Submarginal tubercles very few, or wanting. Anal ring with six long pointed hairs, plates of the anal operculum with the base slightly longer than the outer edge. Four fringe setae in groups of two across anal plates, with the lateral setae of each group longer than the mesal. Three subapical and four apical setae on each plate. Tibia one-third shorter than femur and very slightly long- er than tarsus. Adult Mafc.-^Length, i mm.; body width, .28 mm.; style, .25 mm.; antennae, .57 mm.; wing length, .17 mm.; wing width, .05 mm. Color, dark honey yellow, head and thorax slightly darker. Anterior pair of upper eyes brownish, small. Posterior pair of upper eyes dark brown and much larger than anterior pair. Ventral pair dark brown, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223 equal in size to posterior upper pair. Antennae yellowish, ten-jointed. First joint short, cylindrical, second a little longer but thick and oval, third a little shorter and slender, enlarged toward tip. Fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh subequal, slender, each about twice as long as third ; eighth, ninth and tenth subequal, the three being not quite as long as sixth and seventh together ; eighth and ninth distinctly swelled, tenth slightly. Three long knobbed hairs at end of tenth joint. All joints except first and second with numerous curved hairs. Legs yellow, with a slightly brownish tinge, quite hairy. Style, lemon yellow, tap- ering sharply at tip. Wings hyaline, with a microscopic pubescence, heavier at veins. Veins yellowish. Male Puparmm. — Length, 1.7 mm.; width, .7 mm. Glassy white surface, rounded. Two lines, beginning at the anal opening diverge upward for a short distance and then proceed with only a slight di- vergence to near the anterior end, when they diverge outward again. Surface of the coronet slightly more convex. A quarter of the dis- tance from the anterior end, where diverging lines begin to run al- most parallel, is a cross carina ; another carina crosses the coronet at a little more than a quarter of the distance from posterior end. Just back of this carina are two spiracular channels, from coronet to each margin. Half way between the two cross carinae are the other two spiracular channels, running from coronet to margin. There is a triangular space for the anal operculum and a cleft from this to the margin. Egg. — Length, .21 to .24 mm.; width, .12 to .15 mm. Color, lemon yellow; oval shaped. When first deposited, light yellow, changing to a slightly darker tinge before hatching. Eyes show up as minute black spots. Larva. — Length, .25 to .3 mm.; width, .15 to .IQ mm.; length of spines, .1 to .12 mm. Antennae, .07 mm. Color, light yellow, eyes minute black spots, body flat and oval, slightly broader and more rounded at anterior end. Anal spines slightly Jess than half the length of the body. Antennae six-jointed. Eggs and larva are more yellowish than C. hesperidiim. Habitat, as far as known, on the leaves and twigs of citrus trees only. The young scales settle mostly on the leaves and when about half grown migrate to the small twigs. No scales have been found on twigs larger than one half inch in diam- eter. When the insects are abundant, and such is usually the case, they are arranged on the twigs in a curiously imbricated manner which is' quite characteristic. The infestations are largely confined to the lower half of the tree. 224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 Distributed in Pomona, Claremont, Ontario, Cucamonga, Colton, Highlands, Redlands and Riverside in Southern Cali- fornia ; in Tulare and Fresno Counties in the lower San Joa- quin Valley and slight infestations in Sacramento, Yuba City and Marysville in the Sacramento Valley. It is very probable that the insect has existed in California for some time and has passed unnoticed, or what is more likely, has been confused with and identified as Coccus hesperidum Linn., which it closely resembles. Comparison of Coccus citricola n. sp. and two related species. Coccus hesperidum Antennae 7-jointed Formula (3-7) -4-2-1 -6-5 3rd joint longest 4th and 7th almost as long 4th joint longer than 5th Hairs of anal ring 8, 2 fringe, 2 subapical and 4 apical setae on each plate Dorsum with no lon- gitudinal stripes Appearance, yellow minutely specked with brown spots 4 or 5 submarginal tubercles on a side 3 or 4 generations a year Infests young trees, or a single branch of a single large tree in an orchard Host plants Oleander. Camellia Citrus, Holly Tvy, Laurel Jasmine, Myrtle Phlox and many others Coccus citricola Antennae 8-jointed Formula 8-3-1-4-5-2-6-7 8th joint longest 4th joint usually slightly longer than 5th Hairs of anal ring 6, 2 fringe, 3 subapical and 4 apical setae on each plate Dorsum with distinct irregular yellow stripes Appearance, dull gray interspersed with irregular yellow spots Submarginal tubercles very few or want- ing One generation a year Infests large trees uniformly and most of the trees in an orchard Host plants Citrus trees Coccus elongatus Antennae 8-jointed Formulae 3-(2-s)-(i-4-8)-6-7 3-5- (2-4) -(6-8) -7 3rd joint longest 8th joint one of shortest 5th joint quite con- stantly longer than 4th Hairs of anal ring 8, 4 fringe, 4 subapi- cal, i discal and 3 apical setae on each plate Dorsum with no lon- gitudinal stripes Appearance, dingy pale yellowish gray Submarginal tubercles large and numerous Host plants Acacia, Cherimoya Ficus, Lantana Citrus, Palms Ferns, Cherry, Lau- rel and many oth- ers Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 225 September Dragonflies about Mesa, Arizona (Odon.). By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana. In September, 1912, Mr. B. J. Rainey collected dragon flies extensively about Mesa, Arizona. All species seen by him, with but one exception, were captured, and the following list is probably practically complete for this section at the season when he collected. He kindly turned the entire collection of 588 specimens over to me, and furnished the notes on the habits of different species. Collections were made at the following locations : Chandler, Q miles south of Mesa, desert country with irri- gating ditches. Granite Reef Dam, on Salt River, 9 miles above Mesa, col- lected along river, up-stream from dam. Tempe, 6 miles west of Mesa, collected along irrigating ditches. Mesa is on Salt River. On September 9 he collected along an irrigating ditch, 12 feet wide, i mile south and 3 miles east of Mesa. Hetaerina americana. Common everywhere about swift or slow water: on grass and bushes over water. Sept. 11, south of Mesa; Sept. 12, Eastern Canal, Mesa; Sept. 12, Tempe; Sept. 15 and 22, Granite Reef Dam; Sept. 16, east of Mesa; Sept. 18, Salt River, Mesa: 56 $ and 42 9. Argia moesta. Sept. 10, Mesa; Sept. 15 and 22, Granite Reef Dam: 2 $ and 6 9. Argia sedula. Associated with Hetaerina americana. Sent. 8. along ditch north of Mesa; Sept. 10, 16 and 18, Mesa; Sept. 15 and 22, Granite Reef Dam: 80 $ and 59. Argia pallens. On islands in Salt River, Mesa, Sept. 18, in grass back from the water; Sept. 22, Granite Reef Dam: 5 $ and 1 9. Enallagma civile. Common along irrigating ditches, resting on twigs in water or near water. Sept. 9 and 10, Mesa; Sept, 8, along ditch north of Mesa; Sept. 11, south of Mesa; Sept. 12, Tempe; Sept. 16, east of Mesa: 45 $ and 10 9. Enallagma praevarum. August 31, Sept. 18 and 22, Mesa: 10 $ and 2 9. Telebasis salva. In grass and on twigs in water. Sept. 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 and 18, Mesa, Salt River, north, east, southeast and south of Mesa; Sept. 17, Chandler: 112 $ and 19 9- 226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ' [May, '14 Ischnura denticollis. Sept. 9, Mesa: 1 $. Ischnura demorsa. Sept. 9, 10, 11, 16 and 18, Mesa, Salt River and east of Mesa: 21 $ and 36 $ . Ischnura barberi. Sept, 8, 9 and 11, Mesa and south of Mesa; Sept. 12, Tempe: 4 $ and 1 2. All Ischnuras were taken in grass and on twigs in water; flight low. Progomphus borealis. All were taken away from water 10-40 feet; were resting on tips of twigs, often with abdomen elevated, and none were seen resting on the ground. Sept. 8 and 18, Salt River, Mesa, and desert north of Mesa; Sept. 15 and 22, Granite Reef Dam: 4 $ and 6 5. Erpetogomphus compositus. All were resting on dirt banks or broad leaves, always near water; flight swift and straight. Sept. 12, south of Tempe, along canal; Sept. 18, Salt River, Mesa; Sept. 22, Granite Reef Dam: 6 $ and 2 2. Anax junius. Flying along ditches in bright sunlight, most num- erous during the middle of the day; associated with the next spe- cies. Sept. 9, 10, 11 and 13, Mesa and south and southeast of Mesa along canal: 10 $ and 2 2. Aeshna multicolor. Associated with the preceding and of simi- lar habits. Aug. 31 and Sept. 9, Mesa and southeast of Mesa along a ditch: 11 $ and 2 2- Libellula saturata. Often resting on twigs among dead cacti. Sept. 8, 11 and 18, Mesa and south of Mesa; Sept. 22, Granite Reef Dam : 3 $ and 3 2 . Libellula comanche. Flying with Aeshnines, only one seen. "Basal coloring of wings much reduced (wanting), c. f. Ent. News XVIII, p. 202; distal brown of stigma reduced (scarcely one-fifth) — Calvert in letter. Sept 9, southeast of Mesa along ditch, 1 3 . Orthemis ferruginea. Usually resting on dead twigs. Sept. 3, 8, 9 and 10, Mesa, along road north of Mesa, southeast of Mesa along ditch; Sept. 17, Chandler: 13 $ and 4 2. Perithemis intensa. On twigs in still water and back and forth between resting places. Sept. 3, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 16, Mesa, north, east and south of Mesa; Sept. 17, Chandler: 41 $. Erythemis collocata. About small ponds. Sept. 8, 10, 11, 16 and 18, Mesa, and north, east and south of Mesa; Sept. 17, Chandler: 12 $ and 5 2. Sympetrum corruptum. Sept. 8 and 11, north and south of Mesa; Sept. 15, Granite Reef Dam: 3 $ and 1 2. Pantala flavescens. Sept. 11, south of Mesa, 1 $. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAY, 1914. The Desirability of a Bibliographical Dictionary of Entomologists*. Fifteen years ago, in locating and studying Burmeister's types of Odonata, it was desirable, as it is in all similar pieces of work, to ascertain the sources from which he had obtained his material, the original collectors, and the dates of the col- lecting, the successive owners into whose hands the specimens had passed and their fate subsequent to their examination and description by Burmeister. Such of this information as was obtained came after a protracted search through the few early references afforded by Hagen's Bibliotheca Entoniologica and by papers by authors later than Burmeister which treated of any of the species included in his Handbuch of 1839. Five years ago, in preparing an annotated list of the locali- ties and collectors of Odonata in Mexico and Central America, for the introduction to the Neuroptera volume of the Biologia Centrali- Americana, no precise information was acquired as to the parts of those countries visited by such men as Deppe or McNiel, and even in the case of de Saussure it was not complete. It is not only as to collectors and fate of collected material that data are often needed. It is frequently highly desirable to know when, where and under what conditions the describ- ers, the monographers, the systematists did their work, since such information throws light, in many cases, on the results of their labors and on the views which they adopted. At this present time we wish to know something of the personal his- tory of Brackenridge Clemens, a pioneer in the study of the * Read at the Atlanta meeting of the Entomological Society of America, December 30, 1913. 227 228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 American Microlepidoptera. We know that he died in Jan- uary, 1867, but the Zoological Record and the American en- tomological and zoological journals of that and the immediate- ly following years have, so far, not furnished any references to the existence of anything more than a very brief biographi- cal sketch. In searching for such a reference, we came across a short account of the Nicaraguan expedition of McNiel, of which we were ignorant in 1908 when we most needed it. These concrete examples show the desirability of a biblio- graphical dictionary of entomologists, not merely as a matter of historical interest, but as an important guide to the com- prehension of the work of our predecessors. By entomologists we mean not only those who have published on insects but also all who have collected or formed collections, including under the latter head public museums. Such a dictionary as we suggest should contain as far as possible, the following information under each entry : 1. The dates and places of birth and death. 2. The periods and places of activity as collector, writer, etc. 3. The sources of the material which the subject, if a writer, employed. 4. The subsequent fate of the subject's personal collections. 5. Especially and superlatively important, references to any published biographical notices, bibliographies and critical esti- mates of the subject, if a person. If a Museum, references to historical accounts of the institution, published lists of col- lections and types contained, etc. On account of the interrelations of entomologists and dif- ferent parts of the world, the scope of the dictionary should be world-wide. We have not in contemplation the preparation of such a dictionary. The chief object of this paper is to call the atten- tion of some one who is bibliographically inclined, and who has leisure on his hands, to a field which lies ready to be tilled. Such a philanthropic author must expect difficulty in finding a publisher for his book when the manuscript has been com- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS pleted. . To lessen this difficulty, the paragraph devoted to each entry should be as brief as possible, particularly where published information already exists and references to it can be given. This dictionary is conceived of as a work of refer- ence, a guide to sources, not as a compilation of all that is known or may be gleaned from the existing literature. The task of preparation is not a light one, to be accomplish- ed in two or three years. It will require many years, access to large and complete libraries and the exercise of wise judg- ment to produce a satisfactory result along the lines indicated. It will be worth the doing, however, and therefore is brought to the attention of entomologists. Notes and News ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. Ambulyx strigilis L. in Florida (Lep.). Mr. Morgan Hebard has presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia a specimen of Ambulyx strigilis Linn., taken at Miami, Bade Co., Florida, February 2, 1899. It would be of interest to know whether this species is a visitor to Florida or a resident there. This sphinx moth is found in the West Indies and South America.— HENRY SKINNER. Side Lights on Entomology. "To an outsider it looks as though the subject of entomology were still largely in the taxonomic stage of development, which is not to be wondered at when one recalls that over half the species of animals are insects." — M. A. CHRYSLER, Professor of Botany, University of Maine, in Science for March 13, 1914, page 377. "... what has chiefly contributed to the progress of Odonatology during the period under review [1895-1912] is the application of the developmental method as a means of tracing the origin, and so com- prehending the significance, of the various parts of the Odonate's body. If the application of this method to these insects seems to students of other animal classes to have been slow, the excuse must be the great number of insect forms, the consequent great mass of detail to be mentally digested, and the relatively smaller number of investigators." — P. P. CALVERT, in Transactions, 2nd International Congress of Ento- mology, Oxford, 1912, page 157, Oct. 14, 1913. 230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 European Heteroptera Alleged to Occur in the United States. For a long time past, in fact for nearly 10 years, someone or other, myself included, "following copy," has gravely listed certain Heterop- tera as being found in the United States. I have endeavored by word of mouth and by letter to find out definitely just what was known, but fruitlessly. Finally I concocted the exchange notice which has ap- peared lately in the NEWS, stating my wants of European Hemiptera said to occur in the United States, and naming Dasycoris pilicornis Burmeister, Gastrodes fcrrugineus Linne, Gonianotus margincpunc- tatus Wolff and Microtoma atrata Goeze. I met with exactly the suc- cess I anticipated, exactly nothing. Incidentally, the solidarity of my co-workers in Hemiptera was revealed. They have all maintained a dignified silence! Now, I emphatically state that any entomologist who perpetrates (and perpetuates) these errors displays a lack of familiarity with his subject. In this matter I'm from Mizzoura; you've got to show me. You've got to show me Cymus claviculus Hahn, and Sphaglsticus rufipes Stal ; also Notonecta glauca Linne and Emblethis arenarius Fieb. ; Cimex (or Clinocoris) hirundinis Jenyns and pipistrelli Jenyns ; Ischnorhynchus resedae Panz., all to be taken within the borders of the United States. They gravely appear in our latest "Catalogue of the Nearctic Hemiptera Heteroptera," so I would much like to see them. Like Mrs. Harris, I think "there ain't no sich persons." Now I repudiate them and all their works. In my opinion they have never been taken and in all .likelihood never will be taken in this country. Therefore, they have no legitijnate place in our Cata- logues, and our catalogue makers should expurge them from the record. — J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, White Plains, New York. A Spider Swathing Mice (Aran.). [The following letter by a non-entomologist seems of sufficient in- terest and value to warrant its publication in the NEWS. — A. N. CAU- DELL-] "An unusual thing and one that will be doubted by many occurred at my home near Upper Marlboro, Maryland, a few days ago. A member of the family was attracted by a slight noise and upon investi- gating found under the sideboard a young mouse making frantic efforts to free itself from invisible bonds. It resulted that a spider, scarcely larger than a black ant, had caught the mouse and was per- forming an engineering feat that was truly interesting. This was the task of lifting the mouse from the floor to the bottom of the side- board, a distance of about eight inches. The rodent kicked almost constantly during the operation, which lasted a little over three hours. The webs were then wiped away and to our surprise a second young mouse, dead and completely swathed in web, was found." — (Signed) GUY CLAGGET, Keokuk Farm, Upper Marlboro, Md. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Summer Work on Lake Erie. The Lake Laboratory of the Ohio State University at Cedar Point, near Sandusky, Ohio, will be open to investigators free of charge from June 22 to Sept. I, and for instruction (fee) from June 22 to July 31, 1914. The courses of study include one on Entomology by Mr. W. J. Kostir. Do House Flies Hibernate? (Dip.). Mr. E. E. Austen, in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, for February, 1914, page 39, under the above title calls attention to Dr. Henry Skinner's article under same title which appeared in the NEWS for July, 1913, page 304. Mr. Austen states that Dr. Skinner's asser- tion, "House flies pass the winter in the pupal stage and in no other way," is directly at variance with the results obtained in England by both Newstead and Jepson. However, he further says that in the recent investigations along this line by the Local Government Board, no house flies were found among those hibernating. To further inves- tigation along such lines he makes an appeal to the readers of that 'journal to send collections of hibernating flies, accompanied with proper data, to the Local Government Board for determination. It will be interesting to learn the results of such a campaign. Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 2 — Transactions, American Entomological Society, Philadelphia. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 6 — Journal, Xew York Entomo- logical Society. 7 — U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Mag- azine, London. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 11— 'Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 12 — Comptes Rendus, L'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 13 — Comptes Rendus, Societe de 232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS • [May, '14 Biologic, Paris. 18 — Ottawa Naturalist. 19 — Horae Societatis En- tomologiae Rossicae. 22 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 28 — Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique Paris. 35 — Annales, Societe Entomologique de Belgique. 40 — Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 49 — Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Bu- dapest. 50 — Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 74 — Na- turwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin. 79 — La Nature, Paris, 84 — Entomologische Rundschau. 86 — Annales, Societe Entomolo- gique de France, Paris. 87 — Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 89 — Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Ana- tomic und Ontogenie der Tiere, Jena. 92 — Zeitschrift fur wissen- schaftliche Insektenbiologie. 102 — Proceedings of the Entomo- logical Society of Washington. 116 — Zoological Bulletin, Boston. 119 — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 166 — Internationale En- tomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 173 — Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, Fauna Americana, von A. Seitz, Stuttgart. 177 — Quar- terly Journal of Microscopical Science, London. 184 — Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 186 — Journal of Economic Biology, London. 189 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 191 — Natur. Halbmonatschrift fur alle Natur- freunde. 198 — Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. 216 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 258 — Mitteilungen, Zoologischen Museum in Berlin. 285 — Nature- Study Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 368 — The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento. 369 — Entomolo- gische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 411 — Bulletin of the Brook- lyn Entomological Society. 422 — Coleopterologische Rundschau, Wien. 462 — The Butterfly Farmer, Truckee, Cal. GENERAL SUBJECT. Dolleschall, H. — Was uns die eichen bieten, 216, xxvii, 297-8. Doncaster, L. — Chromo- somes, heredity and sex: a review of the present state of the evidence with regard to the material basis of hereditary trans- mission and sex determination, 177, lix, 487-522. Felt, E. P. — Cryptic coloration, 6, xxi, 312. Guenther, K. — Eingeweide- wurmer fleischfressender pflanzen, 191, v, 181-183. Hammar, A. G.— Obituary notice, 102, xvi, 8; 179, vii, 155-7. Hollande, A. C. — Les Cerodecytes ou ''Oenocytes" des insectes consideres ou point de vue biochimique, 28, xvi, 1-66. Kneidl, G. — Der ento- mologe, 216, xxvii, 291-2. Kunze, R. E, — Troubles of early col- lectors, 462, i, 116. Laven, L. — Auge und sehen der insekten, 191, v, 229-32 (cont.). Newell, W. — A simple and economical method of filing entomological correspondence, 179, vii, 87-91. Olivier, E. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 233 —Obituary notice of, 8, 1914, 67. Parrott, P. J. — The growth and organization of applied entomology in the U. S., 179, vii, 50-64. Patterson, A. J. — Some insect studies, 285, x, 108-13. Pierce & Morrill — Notes on the entomology of the Arizona wild cotton, 102, xvi, 14-23. Popenoe, E. A.— Obituary notice of, 179, vii, 155. Prell, H. — Ueber einen fall von mimikry durch schutzstellung 40, xxix, 21-2. Rudow, Dr. — Biologische, nicht nur systematische samm- lung, 166, vii, 319-321 (cont.)., Sladen, F. W. L.— Meeting of the entomological branch of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, 18, xxvii, 171-73. Stellwaag, F. — Neuere untersuchungen ueber den farbensinn der insekten, 74, xiii, 161-64. Uhler, P. R. — Obituary notice with list of his writings, 102, xvi, 1-7. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Banks, N.— A new mite from Thurberia, 102, xvi, 44. Moles, M. L. — A n. sp. of pseudoscorpion from La- guna Beach, California, 189, vi, 41-4. Oudemans, A. C. — Acarolo- gisches aus maulwurfsnestern, 119, 1913, A, 8, 108-200 (cont.). APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Hilton, W. A.— The central ganglia of Xenylla, 189, vi, 38-41. Hood, J. D.— On the proper generic names for certain Thysanoptera of economic importance, 102, xvi, 34-44. Hewlett, F. M.— A trap for thrips, 186, ix, 21-23. Schwermer, W. — Beitrage zur biologic und anatomic von Perla marginata, 89, xxxvii, 287-312. Bacon, G. — Neanura gigantea in So. California, 189, vi, 45-47. Borner, C. — Oncopodura, eine schuppentragende Isotomidae, 22, xliii, 486-7. Cholodkovsky — Zur beurteilung der systematischen stellung der Puliciden, 22, xliii, 555-58. Hogg, W.— The dragon fly (Note), 462, i, 120-1. Navas, L. — New Neuroptera from the U. S., 411, ix, 13-20. Stitz, H. — Mantispiden der sammlung des Ber- liner Museum, 258, vii, 1-49. Welch, P. S.— The early stages of the life history of Polystoechotes punctatus, 411, ix, 1-6. ORTHOPTERA. Luvoni, A. B. — Notes on the metamorphosis of Phasgonura viridissima, 9, 1914, 99-100. Merle, R. — Les insectes cataleptiques, 79, xlii, 225-27. Chopard, L. — Descriptions de Mantides Americains, 86, Ixxxii. 752-64. Walker, E. M. — A n. sp. of O. forming a new genus and family, 4, 1914, 93-9. HEMIPTERA. Girault, A. A.— Preliminary studies on the biol- ogy of the bed-bug (Cimex lectularius), 186, ix, 27-45. Glasgow, H. — The gastric caeca and the caecal bacteria of the Heteroptera, 198, xxvi, 101-170. 234 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [May, '14 Bergroth, E. — Notes on some genera of Heteroptera, 35, Iviii, 23-8. Cockerell, T. D. A. — A new cotton scale from Panama, 179, vii, 148. Crawford, D. L. — A contribution toward a monograph of the Homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae from No. and So. America, 50, Ixvi, 557-640. Davidson, W. M. — Plant-louse notes from California, 179, vii, 127-13(5. Essig, E. O. — The mealy bugs of California, 368, iii, 97-143. King, G. B. — Kermes lindingeri n. sp., 84, xxxi, 34. A new species of Kermes from Connecticut, 179, vii, 150-1. A historical kermes (new species), 189, vi, 48-9. Parker, J. R. — The life history of the sugar-beet root-louse (Pem- phigus betae), 179, vii, 136-141. Sulc, K. — Zur kenntnis einiger Psylla arten aus dem Ungarischen National-Museum in Budapest, 49, xi, 409-35. Vuillet, A. — Sur la presence de 1'Aphis maidis Fitch en Afrique occidentale, 87, 1914, 116-7. LEPIDOPTERA. Stephan, J.— Das erwachen der schmetter- lingswelt im fruhlinge, 191, 1914, 258-260 (cont.). Webster, F. M. —Another migration of Anosia plexippus, 4, 1914, 100. Winn, A. F. — A protected butterfly, 4, 1914, 109. Busck, A. — Two Micro-L. on Thurberia thespesioides, 102, xvi, 30-1. Davis, W. T. — Coscinoptera dominicana. Prionapteryx ne- bulifera, 6, xxi, 311, 313. Harrison, J. W. H. — The genus Poeci- lopsis, 9, 1914, 92-4. Jordan, K. — Zygaenidae, 173, Lief. 57, 21-31. Pearsall, R. F. — Short studies in Geometridae: No. 2, 411, ix, 21-3. Michael, O. — Die Papilios des Amazonasgebietes, 216, xxvii, 304-5 (cont.). Strand, E. — Zur kenntnis der neotropischen Noctuiden- gattung Eugraphia. Neue aberrationen der Noctuiden-subfamilie Catocalinae, 119, 1913, A, 8, 62-63, 63-77. DIPTERA. Edwards, F. W.— A remarkable case of venational teratology in D., 8, 1914, 59. Fabre, J. H.— The life of the fly; with which are interspersed some chapters of autobiography. Translated from the French. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1913. 477 pp. Guyenot, E. — Etudes biologiques stir tine motiche Droso- phila ampelophila. Necessite de realiser tin milieu nutritif defini, 13, Ixxvi, 483-85. Haines, F. H. — Do house flies hibernate? 8, 1914, 60-1. Lucet, A. — Recherches stir Involution de 1'Hypoderma bovis (de Geer) et les moyens de le detruire, 12, 1914, 812-14. Richard- son, N. M. — A humble-bee attacked by a diptron, 8, 1914, !>:;-l. Whiting, P. W. — Observations on blow-flies; duration of the prc- pupal stage and color determination, 198, xxvi, 184-94. Alexander & Lloyd — The biology of the No. American crane flies. 1. The genus Eriocera, 189, vi, 12-37. Cockerell, T. D. A. Vol. XXVJ ENTOMOLOGICAL N£\VS 235 -Three D. from the Miocene of Colorado, 4, 1914, 101-2. Ender- lein, G. — Zur kenntnis der Stratiomyiiden mit 3-astiger Media and ihre gruppierung . . . (subfamilien: Geosarginae, Analcocerinae, Stratiomyiinae), 22, xliii, 577-615. Felt, E. P. — Acarolei.es pseudo- cocci n. sp., 179, vii, 148-9. Hendel, F. — Namensanderungen (Ald- richiomyza for Aldrichiella, Haplomyza for Antineura), 369, iii, 7:;. Malloch, J. R. — Costa Rican Diptera. Paper I. A partial report on the Borboridae, Phoridae and Agromyzidae, 2, xl, l-:»(i. Some undescribed No. Am. Sapromyzidae, 161, xxvii, 29-42. Me- lander, A. L. — A synopsis of the dipterous groups Agromyzinae, Milichiinae, Ochthiphilinae and Geomyzinae, 6, xxi, 283-300. Town- send, C. H. T. — Notes on Exoristidae and allies, 6, xxi, 301-305. Tilbury, M. R. — Notes on the feeding and rearing of the midge. Chironomus cayugae, 6, xxi, 305-8. Walton, W. R.— A new tach- inid parasite of Diabrotica vittata, 102, xvi, 11-14. COLEOPTERA. Barber, H. S. — On interspecific mating in Phengodes and inbreeding in Eros, 102, xvi, 32-4. Bretschneider, F. — Ueber die gehirne des goldkafer und des lederlaufkafers, 22, xliii, 490-97. Dow, R. P. — The early French Coleopterists, 411, ix, 6-13. Stellwaag, F. — Ueber den flugapparat der Lamellicornier, 22, xliii, 558-60. Walsh, G. B. — A note on deformed antennae in certain beetles, 8, 1914, 62-3. Coad & Pierce — Studies of the Arizona Thurberia weevil of cotton in Texas, 102, xvi, 23-27. Davis, W. T. — Calosoma frigi- dum and willcoxi at Wading River, L. I., 411, ix, 23-4. Fruhstor- fer, H. — Eine neue Agrias-rasse aus Brasilien, 84, xxxi, 30. Graf, J. E. — A preliminary report on the sugar-beet wireworm (Limo- nius Calif ornicus), 7, Bui. No. 123. Harris, E. D. — Cicindela longi- labris, 6, xxi, 31. Hyslop, J. A. — Description of a n. sp. of Corym- bites from the Sonoran zone of Washington State, 161, xxvii, 09-70. Leng, C. W. — Chlaenius leucoscelis. Lophoglossus. Ochthebius attritus. Ceutorrhynchus hamiltoni. Cicindela blanda, 6, xxi. 311-12. Nelolitsky, F. — Dr. J. Mullers monographic der blinden Trechusarten, 422, 1914, 28-33 (cont.). Schaeffer, C.— Notes on some No. American species of Rhizophagus, 6, xxi, 309-11. Smith, R. J.— Cychrus ventricosus (Note), 462, i, 119-120. Wagner, H.— Beitrag zur kenntnis der Apion-Fauna Zentral- und Sud Amerikas. I'.cschrdbungen neuer arten, 119, 19i:'.. A, 9, 137-64. HYMENOPTERA. Mclndoo, N. E.— The olfactory sense of the honey bee, 184, xvi, 265-346. Malysher, S. — Life and instincts of some Ceratina-bees (Russian), 19, xl, No. 8, 58 pp. 236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 Cockerell, T. D. A. — Descriptions and records of bees. — LVII. (Table to some species' of Tetralonia), 11, xiii, 272-286. Bees vis- iting Thurberia, 102, xvi, 31-2. Crawford, J. C. — Two new parasitic H. from Arizona, 102, xvi, 29. Emery, C. — Cephalotes et Crypto- cerus. Le type du genre Cremaloaster, 35, Iviii, 37-9. Girault, A. A. — Hosts of insect eggparasites in Europe, Asia, Africa and Aus- tralasia, with a supplementary American list, 92, x, 87-91 (cont.), MacGillivray, A. D. — New genera and sp. of Tenthredinidae, 4, 1914, 103-108 (cont.). Newell, W. — A natural enemy of the Argen- tine ant, 179, vii, 147. Ruzsky, M. — Myrmekologische notizen, 119, 1913, A, 9, 58-63. GENERA INSECTORUM, diriges par P. Wytsman. — This excellent work is indispensable to the thorough systematist. The first part, or fasci- cule, appeared in 1902, and as will be observed by the following list of recent issues, 153 parts have already been published. Each part treats of a separate family or subfamily and is by a competent au- thority. We take this opportunity to call our subscribers' attention to the recent issues as follows : Orthoptera : Mantidae, subfamily Perla- mantinae, by E. Giglio-Tos, Fasc. 144, 13 pp., i pi., price 5.50 francs. Hemiptera : Pentatomidae, subf am. Dinidorinae, by H. Schouteden, Fasc. 153, 19 pp., 2 pis., 9.80 fr. Lepidoptera : Tortricidae, by E. Meyrick, Fasc. 149, 81 pp., 5 pis., 31.20 fr. Diptera: Cecidomyidae, by J. J. Kieffer, Fasc. 152, 346 pp., 15 pis., 114.20 f r. ; Therevidae, by O. Kroeber, Fasc. 148, 58 pp., 3 pis., 22.80 f r. Coleoptera : Carabidae, subfam. Pentagonicinae, Peleciinae, Hexagoniinae, by P. Dupuis, Fasc. 145-147^ 4, 5, 4 pp., one plate each, 3.80 fr., 4.00 fr., 3.80 f r. ; Scarabaeidae, subfam. Aegiajiinae, Chironinae, Dynamopinae, Hyposorinae, Idiosto- minae, Ochodaeinae, Orphninae, by A. Schmidt, Fasc. 150, 87 pp., 3 pis., 26.40 fr. Hymenoptera : Chrysididae, by H. Bischoff, Fasc. 151, 86 pp., 5 pis., 32.20 fr. These may be procured separately, as can also the previous issues, from M. P. Wytsman, Quatre-Bras, Tervueren, Belgium. EVOLUTION OF THE COLOR PATTERN IN THE MICROLEPIDOPTEROUS GENUS LITHOCOLLETIS. By Annette Frances Braun. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. (2), xvi, pp. 105-168. 26 text figs. Pis. Ill and IV with 99 colored figures. Febr. 12, 1914. — From a study of the development of the pupal wings of eleven species of Lithocollctis and a comparison of the color pattern in adults of 95 species of this genus and its imme- diate allies, Porphyrosela and Cremastobombycia, Miss Braun (well known to readers of American entomological journals for her work on our Microlepidoptera) reaches the conclusion that "the primitive color pattern is a series of seven uniformly colored pale, yellow trans- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237 verse bands, separated from one another by unpigmented areas. . . . These bands, either in their primitive or modified shape, constitute the ground color. Upon this ground color a second darker series of ele- ments, the markings proper, also usually transverse, are superimposed." The two plates present the wings of the species studied arranged in the form of a phylogenetic tree, the branches and twigs of which indi- cate the order of evolution of these markings as interpreted by our author. Students of other Lepidoptera will be interested in the sug- gestion, based on these results, that "the uniform yellowish ground color which suffuses the wing in the higher Lepidoptera, beginning at the base and spreading distalward, is the outcome of a phylogenetically older type of marking, originally banded, and later fused to a uniform color, and that the markings are a second series superimposed upon the first." Doings of Societies. FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL. Meeting of December 17, 1913, at the home of H. W. Wen- zel, 5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Twelve members were present. Vice-President Wenzel in the chair. Mr. Harbeck said he had caught Cicindela rugifrons Dej. (Col.) at Manahawkin, New Jersey, September i, 1913, Sep- tember 3, 1911, and September 5, 1909, both from the pine district and near the meadows. Those from the latter are much darker, one being almost violet ; he was wondering if this would be constant. Some one remarked that on several occasions he had found Cicindela very slow in flying, and Mr. Harbeck said he had caught C. purpurea Oliv. by picking it up with the hand. Mr. George M. Greene said the first speci- men he had collected in northern New Jersey of var. limbalis Kl., Howell's pond, April 27, 1901, he had caught in this man- ner. Mr. J. W. Green exhibited a short winged Longicorn, Necy- dalis mellitits Say from Pocono Lake, Pa., August I, 1910, also a box containing mostly weevils which he collected in Davis Mountains, Chisos Mountains and a few other Texan localities in July. Mr. Kaeber exhibited specimens of Tillomorpha gcniiuata Hald. (Col.) from Woodbury, New Jersey, May 13, 1906, and 238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 remarked that, though the New Jersey List states they breed in sumac, he had cut these from oak. A vote of thanks was tendered Mr. Wenzel, Jr., for the manner in which he entertained us at the November meeting. Adjourned to the annex. Meeting of January 21, 1914, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 5614 Stewart St., Philadelphia. Twelve members were pres- ent, Mr. William T. Davis, of Staten Island, New York, visi- tor ; President Haimbach in the chair. The following officers were elected to serve for the year 1914: President, H. A. Wenzel; Vice-President, W. S. Hunt- ington ; Treasurer, H. W. Wenzel ; Secretary, George M. Greene; Assistant Secretary, ]. W. Green. The resignation of Mr. C. Few Seiss was read and accepted. Mr. Davis exhibited a box of insects and pointed out the following to the members as interesting: A species of grass- hopper, Conocephaloides (Orth.) from Cape May County, New Jersey, August 16, 25, 1912, which, though more slender than the typical crepitans Scudd. from the Middle West, he decided to place in that species ; a roach Leucophaea surina- mensis Linn. (Orth.), which he collected in the turtle pen of the reptile house at the Bronx Zoo, New York, January 12, 1914 ; an Odonate, Enallagma recurvatum Davis, Lakehurst, New Jersey, June 28, 1913, and a species of Coleoptera from South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, May i, 1912, Dorcasta perhaps new. Dr. Skinner said he expects shortly to take a collecting trip to that part of Cuba least known entomologically. Mr. Daecke exhibited a specimen of Cicindcla harrisii Leng (Col.) from Carlisle Junction (near Harrisburg) , Pennsyl- vania, July 9, 1912, and a box of Diptera collected by Mr. Laurent, in which was a specimen of Xylomyia atnericana Wied., Mt. Airy, Pennsylvania, July 14. Mr. Wenzel mentioned Col. Casey's latest paper on Omus and two by Dr. W. Horn in Deutsche Entomologlsche Mit- theilungen on the same genus, and exhibited the species de- scribed. Exhibited also a specimen of Chrysobothris qnadri- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239 lineata LeC. (Col.) from Jemez Springs, New Mexico, col- lected by Woodgate ; said that Horn mentioned in his paper of only seeing three, two in the LeConte collection from New Mexico and one in his own collection from Arizona. Mr. Kaeber said he had gotten specimens of Melasis from hickory at Essington, Pennsylvania, January 18, 1914. Adjourned to the annex. Meeting of February 18, 1914, at the home of H. W. Wen- zel, 5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Ten members were pres- ent; Mr. Unruh, of this city, visitor; President Wenzel in the chair. The Secretary read a letter from Mr. C. W. Johnson, of Boston, Massachusetts, in which he calls attention to the Sep- tember, 1913, minutes of the Social published in the NEWS for February, 1914, page 89, where they read: "Mr. Harbeck ex- hibited a specimen of Chloromyia with abnormal center legs ;" Mr. Johnson says this is undoubtedly inaequipes Bigot, and is the normal condition of the male. Mr. George M. Greene exhibited two pairs of the Egyptian Sacred Beetle, Ateuchus sacer Linn. Mr. Laurent showed some plates from an old German paper on Lepidoptera, 1829-1839, which were well drawn and colored, but with the terms considerably mixed ; also made some remarks concerning lists of "Coleoptera of America north of Mexico," published from 1853 to 1895 ; discussed by the members. Mr. Harbeck reported a freshly emerged specimen of Rhy- phus alternatus Say (Dip.) found on a curtain February 10. Exhibited a specimen of Eurosta from South Meriden, Con- necticut, collected by Harry Johnson, which he thought was not comma Wied., and Mr. Daecke identified it as his own species elsa. Mr. Wenzel exhibited two live specimens of the rare Elater discoideus Fabr., which he had cut from a log just above the house February 7. Adjourned to the annex. — GEORGE M. GREENE, Secretary. 240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '14 4 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF FRANCE. The Bulletin of the Society for its meeting of January 14, 1914, con- taining the brief addresses of its retiring (J. Sainte-Claire Deville) and incoming (C. Alluaud) presidents, affords some interesting glimpses of the progress and life of this, the oldest of existing entomological soci- eties. The membership has increased as follows : 1832, 98 members ; in 1842, 183; 1852, 192; 1862, 323; 1872, 368; 1882, 373; 1892, 431; 1902, 484; 1912, 522. During 1913 the funds of the Society were in- creased by about 7000 francs, while at this January meeting a bequest of 25,000 francs from Dr. Henri Marmottan, a member, who died January 6, 1914, was announced. M. Alluaud* in the course of his remarks said : "Gentlemen, I am certainly not the only one to have remarked that our meetings in general lack a little in animation. The reading of the minutes of the preceding meeting . . . does not suffice to give attraction to our gatherings. It ought not to constitute the principal and sometimes, alas, the only subject of the session." He called for more frequent remarks under the rubric "Captures and Observations," notices of the chief and most interesting additions to the library and a renewal of the former custom of an annual excursion into the country. OBITUARY. ERNEST OLIVIER. At the meeting of the Entomological Society of France, on January 28, 1914, the President announced the death of Ernest Olivier at Moulins, on January 26, at the age of 70 years. He had been a member of the society since 1873, was for many years editor of the Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais and had especially devoted himself to the study of the fire-flies (Lampyridae). He took part in the Second International Con- gress of Entomology at Oxford in August, 1912, where he presided at one of the sectional meetings. E. A. POPENOE. A. G. HAM MAR. The Journal of Economic Entomology for February, 1914, contains brief biographical sketches of Edwin Alonzo Popenoe (July i, i855-November, 1913), for many years professor of entomology at the Kansas State Agricultural College at Man- hattan, Kan., and of Alfred Gottlieb Hammar (May 19, 1880- October 15, 1913), at the time of his accidental death an as- sistant in the U. S. Bureau of Entomology. It will be recalled that resolutions from Cornell University on the death of Mr. Hammar were published in the NEWS for December last, page 480. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CABINETS FOR SCHMITT BOXES METAL INSECT BOX WOOD INSECT BOX These cabinets have a specially constructed groove or trough around the front, lined with a material of our own design, which is adjustable to the pressure of the front cover. The cover, when in place, is made fast by spring wire locks or clasps, causing a constant pressure on the lining in the groove. The cabinets, in addiiion to being abso- lutely dust, moth and dermestes proof, is impervious to fire, smoke, water and atmos- pheric changes. Obviously, these cabinets are far superior to any constructed of non- metallic material. The interior is made of metal, with upright partition in center. On the sides are metal supports to hold 28 boxes. The regular size is 42J in. high, 13 in. deep, 18.? in. wide, inside dimensions; usually enameled green outside. For details of Dr. Skin- ner's construction of this cabinet, see Entomological News, Vol. XV, page 177. METAL INSECT BOX has all the essential merits of the cabinet, having a groove, clasps, etc. Bottom inside lined with cork; the outside enameled any color desired. The regular dimensions, outside, are 9x 13x2i in. deep, but can be furnished any size. WOOD INSECT BOX.— We do not assert that this wooden box has all the quali- ties of the metal box, especially in regard to safety from smoke, fire, water and damp- ness, but the chemically prepared material fastened to the under edge of the lid makes a box, we think, superior to any other wood insect box. The bottom is cork lined. Outside varnished. For catalogue and prices inquire of BROCK BROS,, Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. When Writing Please Mention " Entomological New*.' K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York Nortli American and Exotic Insects of all orders in perfect condition Entomological Supplies Catalogue gratis INSECT BOXES — We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. NS/3085— Plain Boxes for Duplicates— Pastebonrd boxes, com- pressed turf lined with plain pasteboard covers, cloth hinged, for shipping- specimens or keeping duplicates. These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more catefuily made than the ones usually found in the market. Size IOXI51;.; in Each $0.25 NS/3o8s SizeSxio^ in Each .15 NS/309I — Lepidoptera Box improved museum style), of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with white glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed turf (peat). Per dozen 5.00 Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. Per dozen 6.00 Caution : — Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address in corner of cover. (For exhibition purposes) >S '3091 NS/3I2I — K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8xiix2?.j in. (or to order, 8%xio%x2% in.) $0.70 Size 12x16x2^ in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1.20 NS/3T2I ty'l iii. \ui 10 oiuei, i^xi^xz/^ Size 14x22x2% in. (or to order, 14x22x2*.. in.). Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. 2.00 THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y. PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION: Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration, dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE— Papilio columbus (gundlachianus). the brightest colored American Papillo, very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each ; second quality $1.00 each. Wh«n Writing Please Mention "Entomological News." P. C. StocUhausen 1'rmu-i, r».X5r, N. 7th Street, Philadelphia. JUNE, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. 6. J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: KJERA T. CHHSSON. J. A. G. RKKN. PHILIP ' AI'RKNT, ERICH DAECKE. H. W. WSNSB*-. /r . PHILADELPHIA THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Seconc^Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL, SUBSCRIPTION, $2.OO IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $t,90 IN ADVANCE. SINGLE COPIES 25 CENTS Advertising Rates: Per inch, full width of page, single insertion, fi.oo ; a dis- count of ten per cent, on insertions of five months or over. No advertise- ment taken for less than $r.oo — Cash in advance. All remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions, non-receipt of the NEWS or of reprints, should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. All Checks and Money Orders to be made payable to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 86^°Address all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, 4515 Regent Street, Philadelphia, Pa., from September isth to June I5th, or at the Academy of Natural Sciences from June i5th to September NOTICE that, beginning with the number for January, 1914, the NEWS will be mailed only to those who have paid their subscriptions. The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it necessary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates : Each printed page or fraction thereof, twenty-five copies, 15 cents; each half tone plate, twenty-five copies, 20 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty- five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples oi these rates. 1,000 PIN LABELS 25 CENTS! At Your Risk. (Add 10< for Registry or Checks) Limit: 25 Charai -tors ; 3 Blank or Printed Lines ( 12 Characters in length.) Additional Characters u-. PKT 1.000. In Multiples of 1. 000 only : on Heaviest White Ledger l'aper---No Border-— 4-Point Tync----Aliojt 2.~> on a Strip---No Trim mimr- (in.- Cut Muh.'s a Lahel. SEND ME ORDEK WITH COPY. FOR ANY KIND OF AUTISTIC I'UINTING LARGE OR S.MA: i . INDEX OAlins, MAPS. SEX-MARKS, LABELS FOR MINERALS. PLANTS. ECGS Etc. IF QUANTITY IS HIIJUT. I'HH'K IS SUKI-: To 1:K. C. V. BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET, STONEHAM. MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate X. NEW EPHYDRIDAE-CRESSON. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. JUNE, 1914- No. 6. CONTENTS: Cresson— Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Dipterous Fam- ily Ephydridae— 1 241 Dodd — New Proctotrypoidea from Aus- tralia (Hym.) 251 de la Torre Bueno— British Guiana Heteroptera 257 Scattered Writings of Dr. H. A. Hagen 262 Williams— One Hundred Butterflies from the Jamez Mountains, New Mexico (Lepid.) 263 Girault— Fragmentson North American Insects— VII (Col., Neur., Dip.). . . 268 Gillette— Two Colorado Plant Lice ( Hemip.-Homop. ) 269 Cresson— Some Nomenclatorial Notes on the Dipterous Family Trypeti- dae 275 Weiss— Some facts about the Egg Nest of Paratenodera sinensis (Orth.)... 279 Editorial— Prevention of Insect-borne Diseases in the Army in Mexico. . . 283 Girault— Smicra mariae Riley (Hym.) 283 Girault— Epargyreus tityrus Fabricius in Maryland ( Lepid. ) 283 Bowditch— Corrections in Phytophaga (Coleop.) 284 Entomological Literature 284 Obituary— Dr. Jakob Huber 288 " John A. Grossbeck 288 Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Dip- terous Family Ephydridae. — I. By E. T. CRESSON, JR., Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, Pa. (Plate X) In working over some material in preparation of mono- graphic reviews of the members of this family, many new and interesting species were found. Some of these represent new genera which, as well as some of the most interesting species, will be described in preliminary papers of which this is the first. CEROMETOPUM gen. nov. Suggesting Mosilhis Latr. in general form, but differing mostly in the structure of the face and in the pectination of the arista. The frontal bristles are well developed, which is not the case with that genus. The face is not deeply exca- vated beneath the antennae and with no indication of a tuber- 241 242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 cle in the middle, but is evenly convex, excepting the shallow antennal depression, and entirely transversely wrinkled. From this diagnosis there will be no difficulty in distinguishing the species of this genus. As Mosillus is not apparently repre- sented in South America, this genus probably takes its place there. It may be characterized as follows : Similar to Mosillus Latr. in general build. Head (PI. X, figure 3) as broad as high ; eyes large, elliptical, not promi- nent. Front broader with orbits parallel, smooth except for small distinct pits ; besides the usual vertical and ocellar bris- tles there is a pro- and a reclinate orbital present. Face gently convex, retreating, depressed at antennae ; except di- rectly beneath antennae, strongly transversely sulcate, the sulci somewhat tortuous laterally, the elevations interrupted by the suggestion of orbital grooves, the entire face appearing somewhat honey-combed under moderate magnification ; facial bristles hair-like, numerous, situated in a pit in each sulcus in position to corresponding with the orbital groove. Clypeus quadrate, very prominent, usually deflexed. Proboscis and palpi small. Antennae very short, third joint quadrate, sec- ond weakly spinose, arista distinctly pectinate above. Thorax quadrate, with I prescutellar near roots of scutellum, 1-2 post- alars, 2 notopleurals, i humeral, all weak. Scutellum broad, broadly rounded apically, with 4 marginal bristles. Abdomen ovate in both sexes ; genitalia inconspicuous. Legs robust ; anterior femora finely ciliate beneath apically, but no spines or bristles. Genotype. — Cerometopum mosilloides n. sp. Cerometopum mosilloides n. sp. (Plate X, fig. 3). Entirely black, except palpi white or yellowish, all tarsi except api- cally, apex of middle and hind femora and their tibiae, entirely yellow; all tibiae silvery outside ; anterior tibiae brown. Wings luteous, with yellow veins, but costa darker. Front shining, with no differentiated areas, but with distinct spheri- cal pits as follows : A pair behind and a pair before the line of an- terior ocellus and near anterior margin of front. Face shining, with greenish metallic reflections. Cheeks one-half eye-height with weak bristle. Antennae about one-sixth as long as face, third joint nearly Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 243 round, arista with five hairs. Mesonotum opake with greenish gray granular pollinose vestiture and three narrow brown vittae medianly which do not attain posterior margin. Scutellum flattened, of like color and surface. Pleurae except mesopleura polished. Abdomen pol- ished, with slight greenish tinge. Femora polished. Length, 3.0 to 3.5 mm. $ , Fourth abdominal segment equalling 2 and 3 together, fifth and second subequal. Holotype. — $ Baranquilla, Colombia. Collected March, 1912 (Ujhelyi), in the Hungarian National Museum Collec- tion. Paratypes. — Paraguay: San Barnardino (7, Barbarczy, Feb.-Mar., 1906), Puerto Max, (i, Vezenyi, Jan.-Apr., 1905). PSILEPHYDRA Hendel.1 A species was recognized from Costa Rica as belonging to a new genus, and I had drawn up a description of it as such when the Supplementa Hntomologica came to hand. Hendel's new genus, erected for a species found in Formosa, was at once recognized as being similar to, if not identical with, my new one. The drawing had been made and engraved, or I would have given figures of characters of more specific im- portance. In addition to the form of the head, there are other essential characters which make it very probable that the Costa Rican species belongs to this genus. It is extremely interesting that species from so widely separated localities should be discovered about the same time belonging to the same and a new genus. The following notes are based on the examination of the Costa Rican specimens only. This genus may be distinguished by the peculiar shield-like development of the face which extends rather low, appearing somewhat subhemispherical, being evenly and distinctly con- vex in all directions, including the cheeks. There are no in- dications of the usual parafacial grooves or areas, and the face is destitute of characteristic bristles or hairs. In general the face appears vaulted or arched, as is typical with Ephydra and Parydra, but the mouth is not proportionately so large. 1Supplementa Entomologica No. Ill, p. 99, 1914. 244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 At the first glance its head suggests affinity to Ilythea, but on further examination it is seen to belong to an entirely differ- ent subfamily. The form of the head, thorax and abdomen, and its chaetotaxy determines its relation to Hydrina and Axysta. The abdomen suggests Gastrops, having apparently only four segments in the male and five in the female with the second and third much longer than the others. The apical margin of the third, in profile, is horizontal as in Lytogaster and Axysta. Psilephydra nemorosa n. sp. (Plate X, fig. 4). Entirely shining black with faint submetallic lustre, or somewhat ob- scured by the sparse brown pollen and the granular or scrobiculated surface, especially of thorax and scutellum. Face greenish bronze (to whitish in immature specimens), appearing golden from the dense yel- lowish microscopic pubescence. Halteres black. Legs black with trochanters, apices and bases of tibiae and all tarsi except apices, yel- lowish. Wings brown hyaline, immaculate. Vertex smooth, twice or more times as broad as length of front; frontal orbits converging anteriorly. Face one-half as broad as vertex, nearly three times as long as broad, evenly clothed with scattered hairs and dense pubescence. Cheeks as broad as eye-height, without bristle. Antennae with second and third joints subequal, together somewhat globose ; arista as long as width of vertex, thickened at extreme base, microscopically plumose. Mesonotum and scutellum minutely scrobiculate or granulate. Pleurae and abdomen more shining; segment 2 equals 2x1, 3 equals 1.5x2, 4 equals i. Ventral lobes of dorsal plates nearly contiguous. Legs with no apparent characteristic bristles. Apical joint of fore tarsi $ dilated, with an apical fan of eight or more long hairs, their claws long and stout, so spread laterally as to diametrically oppose each other, their pulvilli also enlarged. Wings with vein 2 as long as ulti- mate section of 3; 2, 3 and 4 straight, parallel; 5 sinuate; posterior cross vein three times penultimate section of 4. Length 1.5 mm. Holy type. — $, Juan Vinas, Costa Rica. Collected May i, 1910, 4 p. m., (P. P. Calvert) at a forest brook, 2500 feet al- titude. No. 6065. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia. Paratypes. — 2 9 2 $ with same data ; i male, Rio Siquiares, Turrucares, Costa Rica.2 2Notes on the Costa Rican localities cited in this paper will be found in Transactions, Amer. Ent. Soc., xl, pp. 1-8, 1914. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 245 This species should not be confused with the Formosa spe- cies (P. cyanoprosopa Hend.) on account of the black hal- teres and the structure of the fore tarsi of the male, as well as other characters which may be gleaned from the full de- scription given above. > PLANINASUS new genus. The position of this genus is doubtful. It evidently is not a typical Ephydrid, although superficially resembling some of the genera allied to Ephydra. The preapical tibial bristles are well developed as well as the second basal and anal cells. The dorsocentral bristles are in the same series as the prescutellars, and there are two distinct sternopleural bristles. It is prob- ably to a genus belonging to an independent line originating from the common ancestor of the Ephydridae and Droso- philidae. The genus may be characterized as follows : Head (PI. X, figures 5-6) higher than long, broader than high. Eyes nearly as high as head, oblique, bare, not protruding. Occiput concave above, vertex sharp and con- cave. Front broader at antennae than at vertex ; ocellar tuber- cle small, near occiput ; inner and outer verticals present, no ocellars or post-verticals, I latero-reclinate and i mesally inclined orbitals with their bases close and situated opposite anterior ocellus. Antennae widely separated by an oblique flattened area limited above by the transversely straight lunu- lar ridge and extending to near middle of face. Face broad with lower part vertical, transversely convex, with strong bristles in transverse series near oral margin. Antennal foveae apparent, with parafacial groove running close to orbits. Mouth large, as broad as face above; clypeus retracted. An- tennae (as in figure 7) so articulated at first joint that the inner surface of the second is turned obliquely forward. Thorax longer than broad, obliquely as high with sterno- pleura well developed. One dorsocentral at suture with few setulae anteriorly, i pair of widely separated prescutellars in same series as dorsocentrals, i post-, i supra-alar, 2 noto- pleurals, i or more mesopleurals, 2 sternopleurals, 2 scutellars. Abdomen ovate narrower than thorax. 246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Legs normal: fore coxae short, far from attaining base of middle pair; preapical bristles on all tibiae. Claws small curv- ed; pulvilli present. Wings elongate with costa unbroken attaining the fourth vein but with small bristles at end of first ; auxiliary vein coalescing apically with first ; second basal and anal cells distinct, the latter small rounded apically. Genotype. — Planinasus ambiguus n. sp. Planinasus ambiguus n. sp. (Plate X, figs. 5-7). Shining black ; lunule area, halteres, coxae, basal half or two-thirds of all femora, bases of fore and hind tarsi, yellow ; lower two-thirds of oblique plate metallic-tinged; lower face seen from above densely metallic pale green, becoming opake black or brown in other aspects ; lower angles of front velvety black. Mesonotum and scutellum sparse- ly yellow pruinose; pleura paler more opake than mesonotum. WSngs brownish, immaculate ; veins black. All macrochaetae strong and black. Front twice as broad as long, with two reclinate bristles on lunule margin. Face two-thirds as broad as vertex with vertical part one- third the height of head; oblique plate half the width of face, longer than broad, with two long upcurved converging bristles on lower mar- gin ; lower face with four erect bristles in transverse series near oral margin, a lateral series of two down-curved hairs near lower orbits, and a pair of erect bristles in a vertical series above the outermost bristles of transverse series. Cheeks very narrow. Antennae as in Figure 7. Abdomen (partly concealed by the somewhat mutilated wings) ap- pears grayish, opake becoming shining apically. Hypopygium com- plicated. Fore femora with 1-2 long bristles on lateral flexor margin apically. Wings with second costal section twice as long as third; veins 2, 3, 4 straight, parallel. Length 3.0 mm. Holotype. — $, Cachi, Costa Rica, Valley of Rio Naranjo. Collected March 9, 1910, by Dr. P. P. Calvert. In collection at Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, No. 6069. Philygria basalis n. sp. (Plate X, fig. ]). Opake with apex of abdomen polished. Black, with face, third an- tennal joint interiorly, tarsi and tibiae in part, yellow. Halteres white, knob with blackish spot. Head and thorax cinereous with brown mark- ings. Abdomen with opake white spots and bands. Wings hyaline with basal infuscation as in Figure i. Arista with long hairs above; mesonotum with two dorso-central bristles. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247 Front with a large deltoid mark laterad of antennae, a round dot be- low anterior ocellus and a dot at base of vertical bristles, black, leaving narrow orbits and oblique stripe from vertical angles to antennae cinereous ; narrow facial and buccal orbits silvery white, complete parafacial groove narrowly brown; median area yellowish white prui- nose. Occiput black below. Antennae brown except inferior half of third joint. Mesonotum with five brown vittae ; pleura sparsely cinereous above, with brown stripe across mesopleura. Scutellum brown. Abdomen with segments i to 3 sparsely brown pruinose ; apices of 2 to 3 mar- gined with silver, broadly interrupted medianly ; segments 4 to 5 pol- ished, former with four, latter with three, submarginal silvery dots ; all segments with lateral margins narrowly silvery. Femora black, apices yellow ; fore tibiae entirely, apices and bases of middle and hind tibiae and median ring on latter yellow ; apices of tarsi black. Front hardly twice as broad as long ; orbits nearly parallel. Face abruptly narrowed to about width of third antennal joint, with orbits parallel for short distance then broadening into cheeks ; but little de- pressed below antennae and in profile obliquely protruding below, the prominence shining with convex margin ; parafacial grooves above close and parallel, separated by an equally narrow yellow stripe which broad- ens below into the protruding median area; bristles hair-like. Cheeks hardly as broad as third antennal joint. Latter subconical with upper margin straight; arista hardly half as long as third, with 9-10 hairs. Dorso-central and intra-alar setulae discernible. Chaetotaxy as in P. calverti. Scutellum broad, flat, apex truncate. Venation as in Fig- ure i. Length 1.5 mm. Holotype. — ? Tucuman, Argentina (Vezenyi). Collection of Hungarian National Museum. Paratype. — i $ Asuncion, Paraguay. There will be no difficulty in recognizing this species from the drawing of the wing. Philygria calverti n. sp. (Plate X, fig. 2). Opake; black, head and thorax cinereous variegated with black and brown spots. Abdomen black, segments 3-5 each with four white spots. Legs brown or black becoming yellow on tarsi. Wings infuscate, with numerous clear white spots as in Figure 2. Arista long pectinate above. Me?onotum with two pairs dorso-central bristles. Front with spot at base of verticals, an elongate band from cinereous ocellar tubercle to anterior orbits, brown. Broad facial and buccal or- bits white ; facial groove brown ; median area ochreous to white below ; lower occiput black. Antennae black with joint 3 yellow below. Meso- notum with rudiments of two approximated median more or less fused stripes, three pairs of large dorso-central spots, three lateral and one 248 ENTOMOLOGICAL N^WS. [June, '14 notopleural spots, black or brown. Pleura black below with upper mar- gin and longitudinal stripe over mesopleura cinereous. Scutellum black with basal angles cinereous. Halteres white with apex of knob infus- cate. Abdominal spots arranged in four longitudinal series, two on dorsum and one on each ventral lobe of dorsal plate ; sometimes apical margins of these segments narrowly cinereous, or the spots may be ab- sent on most segments. Apices of femora, bases and apices of tibiae, and tarsi except apices, yellow. Front convex, twice as broad as long. Face depressed above, as broad as length of third antennal joint, below strongly, obliquely pro- jecting, with about 5 hair-like side bristles; facial prominence bare, shining, in profile with straight margin. Cheeks hardly more than half as wide as third antennal joint. Antennae with joint 3 subconical. straight on upper margin ; arista with 8-9 hairs which are nearly as long as width of third. Mesonotal setulae indiscernible except in post intra-alar series ; no prescutellars, otherwise chaetotaxy normal. Abdominal marginal bris- tles proportionately long and suberect. Venation as in Figure 2. Length 1.5 mm. Holotype. — $ , Alajuela, Costa Rica. Collected September 15, 1909, by sweeping at 3100 feet altitude by P. P. Calvert. In collection at Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. No. 6064. Paratypes. — i $ , Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, April, 1910, (P. P. Calvert) ; i $ i $ , Asuncion, Villa Morra, Paraguay (Vezenyi). Evidently belonging to the picta group which has long hairs on the arista and only two dorso-central bristles. It is my pleasure to name this pretty species in honor of my friend, Dr. Philip P. Calvert, who by careful collecting in Costa Rica has brought to light many new and interesting species of this family. Lytogaster pallipes n. sp. Shining black, sparingly brown pruinose ; antennae except above, palpi, and legs except femora sometimes infuscate medianly, yellow ; halteres whitish ; face and cheeks sparingly cinereous, narrow orbits densely silvery ; wings hyaline, yellowish, immaculate, with yellow veins. Smooth, except abdomen sometimes faintly sculptured especially basally. Front 1.5 times as broad as long; orbitals small. Face half the width of vertex, twice as long as broad, with weak median tuberos- ity; upper orbits parallel; bristles minute. Cheeks as wide as third an- tennal joint; latter large, as broad as long; arista short-haired above. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249 Mesonotum with dorso-ccntral setulae weak. Scutellum convex, rounded. Abdomen elongate, weakly arched, lateral margins rounded ; sparsely minute brown pubescent ; segment 2 weakly flattened dorsally ; dorsal length of 4 more than total length of I to 3. Genital segments scarcely exserted. Wings with second costal section two-thirds as \«n^ as third; ultimate section of vein 4 two and one-half times as long as preceding. Length 1.7 mm. Holotype. — $ ?, Cachi, Costa Rica. Collected March 10, 1910, at stagnant pool near banks of Rio Reventazon by Dr. P. P. Calvert. In collection of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. No. 6068. Paratypes. — i with same data ; 14, Cartago, January to December; 2, Brook Toyogres near Tierra Blanca, April; i, Bonnefil Farm, Rio Surubres, October; i, Turrucares, Decem- ber. All in Costa Rica. Distinguished by its pale yellow legs and smooth mesonotum. Lytogaster granulosus n. sp. Black, shining, sparingly brown pruinose ; mesonotum and scutellum opake; antennae except above, apices of palpi, legs except apices, tawny ; halteres whitish, knobs blackish ; face, cheeks and pleura spar- ingly cinereous, orbits densely white; wings hyaline, yellowish, immacu- late. Front twice as broad as long, weakly punctured, opake orbits dilat- ing anteriorly. Face one-third of the width of vertex, three times as long as broad; tubercle weak; cheeks slightly broader than third an- tennal joint. Antennae elongate; third joint twice as long as broad; arista short-haired above. Entire mesonotum densely, granularly sculp- tured ; acrostical and dorso-central setulae discernible. Scutellum simi- larly sculptured, quadrate, flat. Pleura sculptured as front. Abdomen finely, closely pitted, becoming more shining laterally and apically ; lateral margins rounded ; venter hollow ; segment 4 equalling 2 plus 3. Wing: Costa with third section 1.25 times as long as second. Length 1.7 mm. Holotype. — $ ? Near Guapiles, Costa Rica, June 4, 1909, iioo feet altitude (P. P. Calvert). Collection at Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, No. 6067. Paratypes. — Bonnefil Farm, Rio Surubres, 6, October ; Cachi, I, March; Banana River, 2, November; Juan Yifias, i, June; all collected by Dr. P. P. Calvert, in Costa Rica; Although the legs are entirely yellowish, they are darker, are more brownish than are those of pallipes, and the meso- notum is not shining. 25° ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Gastrops willistoni n. sp. Shining to polished black, sparingly brown and gray pruinose ; an- tennae except apex, clypeus, proboscis, tibiae, tarsi and wing veins, tawny; halteres, knobs black; wings yellowish-brown, immaculate. Nar- row facial orbits densely pruinose ; mesonotum subopake with two com- plete median vittae sometimes more or less coalescing, another laterad interrupted at suture and extending anteriorly along lateral margin to humeral angle, grayish ; abdomen bluish-black with a semi-lateral pol- ished bronze spot on segment 4. Front depressed in middle, with two orbitals. Face two-thirds as wide as vertex, 1.5 times as long as wide; tuberosity above middle; lower slightly retreating part hardly as high as cheeks ; five facial bris- tles with second from uppermost the longest and opposite middle of tuberosity. Clypeus distinct. Cheeks one-half of the height of head, with strong bristle. Third antennal joint twice as long as broad; arista with 12-14 hairs. Mesonotal bristles strong, normal, scutellum flat, broadly truncate, with two elongate conical or cylindrical apical tubercles, each bearing long bristles ; lateral bristles distinct. Abdomen densely scrobiculate ; segment 3 1.5 times as long as 2 and equalling 4; apical margins of all smooth. Legs clothed with long hairs, Hind tibiae more or less polished, swollen and flattened apically. Sec- ond costal section twice as long as third ; vein 3 sinuate so that first posterior cell is narrowed apically. Length 4.0 mm. Holotype. — $ Chapada, Brazil. (H. H. Smith). In the collection at Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, No. 6066. Possessed through the kindness of Prof. S. W. Willis- ton, the author of this genus, after whom I have the pleasure of naming this large and well marked species. Paratype. — I $, Bartica, British Guiana. Allied to niger Will, in its immaculate wings with sinuate second vein, but the vittate, subopake mesonotum, the flat bituberculate scutellum and larger size will separate this spe- cies. EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Fig. I. Philygria basalis, wing. Fig. 2. Philygria calvcrti, wing. Fig. 3. Cerometopum mosilloides, head in profile. Fig. 4. Psilcphydra ncmorosa, head in profile. Fig. 5. Planinasus ambiguus, head in full. Fig. 6. Planinasus ambiguus, head in profile. Fig. 7. Planinasus ambiguus, right antenna. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 251 New Proctotrypoidea from Australia (Hym.). By ALAN P. DODD, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. The following species have been found in a collection of Hymenoptera from North Queensland. The types are all in the collection of the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, S. A. The magnification used was two-thirds-inch objective, one- inch optic, Bausch & Lomb. Family DRYINIDAE, Subfamily ANTEONINAE.. Genus Anteon Jurine. (1) Anteon rufiscapus Dodd. A female of this species has been received from my father, Mr. F. P. Dodd, of Kuranda, and was caught while sweeping on edge of jungle, Kuranda, near Cairns, June, 1913. (2) Anteon coriaceus Perkins. One female taken with the above species. (3) Anteon parvulus Perkins. I have a female of this species caught by Mr. A. A. Girault while sweeping in forest, Nelson, near Cairns, August, 1912. " (4) Anteon giraulti sp. nov. 9 . — Length 3.50 mm. Like superbus Dodd, but the abdomen is black, a little suffused with brown; the antennae are more brown, and the metanotum is without the two grooves. $ . — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping foliage in a jungle, December 30, 1911 (A. A. Girault). Habitat. — North Queensland (Yungaburra, 2500 ft., Cairns district). Type. — A female tagmounted. This is the eighteenth spe- cies of the genus from Australia. Family SCELIONIDAE, Subfamily TELENOMINAE. Genus Telenomus Haliday. (1) Telenomus bicolor sp. nov. 9 . — Length 0.75 mm. Head and apical two-thirds of the abdomen black; thorax and basal third of the abdomen golden yellow; legs pale yellow; antennae pale yellow, the club light brown. 252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Head as wide as the thorax ; thorax a little longer than wide, finely polygonally sculptured ; abdomen a little longer and wider than the thorax, first and second segments striate, first segment short, second segment very large. Antennae n-jointed; scape long and slender equal to next six joints combined; pedicel slender, twice as long as wide; first funicle joint shorter and narrower than the pedicel, twice as long as wide ; second and third shorter, but longer than wide; fourth as wide as long; club 5- jointed; joints 1-4 wider than long, first joint small, second the longest and widest. Forewings reaching a little beyond tip of abdomen ; rather narrow ; hyaline ; marginal cilia moderately long ; discal cilia very fine and dense ; submarginal vein attaining the costa a little before the middle of the wing; marginal vein not as long as the stigmal which is rather short; postmarginal vein very long. $ . — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping in forest, April 13, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). Type. —A female on a slide. (2) Telenomus otho sp. nov. 9. — Length 1.30 mm. Like oenone Dodd, but the f orewings are broader, the venation darker, the legs are darker, and the head and thorax are reticulately rugulose. $ . — Unknown. Described from two specimens caught while sweeping in forest, April, 1913 (A. A. Girault). Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). Type. —A female tagmounted plus a slide bearing antennae and forewings. (3) Telenomus oenone Dodd. This common species has been found in another locality, a female having been caught by Mr. A. A. Girault by sweeping grass, etc., Castle Hill, Townsville, North Queensland, 23rd January, 1913. (4) Telenomus oeta sp. nov. 9. — Length i.oo mm. Like oenone Dodd, but the femora are black, antennae black, scarcely suffused with red ; the short first abdominal segment is striate, the re- maining segments are smooth; antennal club only 5-jointed, the third joint the longest and widest; marginal vein only one-fourth as long as the stigmal. $ . — Unknown. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 253 Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping in an old Chinese garden, overgrown with weeds, November 3, 1912 (A. A. Girault)v. Habitat. — North Queensland (Proserpine, near Bowen.) Type. — A female on a slide. If Walker's three species, which are doubtfully Telenomus, are included, this will be the twenty- fourth Australian species of the genus. Genus Dissolcoides Dodd. (1) Dissolcoides flavinervus sp. nov. $.' — Length 1.35 mm. Like exsertus Dodd, but the ovipositor is not exserted and the fore- wings are not so broad. $ . — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping grass and foliage, roadside, jungle, February 28, 1913 (A. A. Girault). Habitat. — North Queensland (Halifax, Herbert River). Type. — A female tagmounted plus a slide bearing antennae and forewings. Subfamily SCELIONINAE. Genus Paridris Kieffer. (1) Paridris rufiventris sp. nov. $. — Length, 1.45 mm. Like tridentata Dodd, but the metanotum and all the thorax ventrad are bright brownish yellow, the marginal vein is nearly as long as the stigmal, the discal ciliation is fine and dense, and the first funicle joint is as long and as wide as the pedicel. Parapsidal furrows absent. $ . — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping in forest. May 10, 1913 (A. A. Girault). Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). Type. —A male tagmounted plus a slide bearing antennae and fore- wings. The sixth Australian species of the genus. Genus Ceratoteleia Kieffer. This genus is synonymous with Baryconus Foerster. Genus Baryconus Foerster. (1) Baryconus (Ceratoteleia) fuscus Dodd. This species, origin- ally caught at Brisbane, has been found at Nelson, North Queens- land, a female having been caught by sweeping in forest, 26th June, 1913 (A. A. Girault). 254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 (2) Baryconus (Ceratoteleia) fasciatus Dodd. A male of this species was taken by sweeping forest, Mount Pyramid, 1000 feet, Nelson, 27th August, 1912 (A. A. Girault). The pedicel is short; the funicle joints all long and cylindrical; first funicle joint twice as long as wide; second twice as long as the first; remaining joints jubequal. (3) Baryconus exsertus sp. nov. 9. — Length, 2.25 mm. (excluding the ovipositor). Black, neck of the pronotum and its centre ventrad ferruginous ; abdomen a little suffused with brown; legs (including coxae) golden yellow; first four antennal joints a little suffused with red. Head and thorax with fine dense punctures ; parapsidal furrows only indicated posteriorly; postscutellum with a short spine; posterior angles of the metanotum with a sharp spine. Abdomen a little longer than the head and thorax united ; distinctly wider than the thorax ; first segment with a distinct horn; first and second segments striate; ovi- positor exserted for fully the length of the body. Antennae as in pulcher Dodd. Forewings as in pulcher, but the marginal vein is one- half as long as the stigmal, and the postmarginal is a little longer than the stigmal. $ . — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping in forest, Nelson, June 30, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). The fifteenth Australian species of the genus. Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). Type. —A female tagmounted plus a slide bearing antennae and forewings. (4) Baryconus simplex sp. nov. 9. — Length, 1.50 mm. Black; abdomen dark brown, its base bright yellow; legs (including the coxae), and antennal scape golden yellow; rest of antennae brown. Head and thorax with very fine surface sculpture, the scutellum smooth ; parapsidal furrows distinct. Abdomen petiolate ; no longer than the head and thorax united ; wider than the thorax ; first and second segments striate; first segment as wide as long .without a horn; ovipositor a little exserted. Antennae 12-jointed; scape long and slender; pedicel slender, twice as long as wide; first funicle joint shorter and narrower than the pedi- cel, twice as long as wide; second and third subequal, shorter; fourth as wide as long; fifth wider than long; club 5-jointed, joints 1-4 much wider than long. Forewings reaching a little beyond apex of abdomen ; moderately broad; almost hyaline; discal cilia moderately coarse, not very dense; Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 255 marginal cilia rather long; submarginal vein attaining the costa about the middle of the wing; marginal vein nearly as long as the stigmal, which is rather short, very oblique; postmarginal vein twice as long as the marginal ; basal vein obsolete. $ . — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping foliage in a bog, jungle, July 17, 1912 (A. A. Girault). Habitat. — North Queensland (Innisfail). Type. — A female tagmounted plus a slide bearing antennae and forewings with type appendages of speciosus Dodd. Genus Baeoneura Foerster. (1) Baeoneura giraulti Dodd. A female of this species was caught while sweeping in forest, Nelson, 21st March, 1913 (A. A. Girault), also another female in the same locality 30th June, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). I have verified the 11-jointed antennae. Genus Opisthacantha Ashmead. (l) Opisthacantha nigriceps Dodd. One female specimen caught while sweeping miscellaneous vegetation, Ingham, North Queens- land, February, 1913 (A. A. Girault). This is a new locality for the species. Genus Sparaison Latreille. (1) Sparaison australicum sp. nov. $ . — Length, 2 mm. Shining black, legs (except the coxae) ferruginous ; antennae black. Head transverse, a little wider than the thorax ; coarsely reticulately rugulose ; frontal ledge distinct ; eyes large, pubescent. Thorax a little longer than wide, very coarsely rugulose ; mesonotum large, without furrows ; scutellum large, projecting a little over the metathorax, its posterior edge emarginate ; metanotum very short. Abdomen sessile ; as long as the head and thorax united ; scarcely as wide as the thorax ; coarsely longitudinally rugulose. Antennae 12-jointed ; scape slender, equal to next three joints com- bined; pedicel slender, twice as long as wide; first funicle joint as long as the pedicel ; second a little shorter ; 3-9 subequal, a little longer than wide; last joint as long as the pedicel. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen, broad, hyaline; marginal cilia short; discal cilia rather coarse and dense; submarginal vein attaining the costa about the middle of the wing; stigmal vein mod- erately long, very oblique, its apex curved slightly caudad ; venation dark fuscous. $ j — Unknown. Described from two specimens caught while sweeping in forest, May 9, 1913 (A. A. Girault), and June 30, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). The first species of the genus from Australia. 256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). Type. — A male tagmounted plus a slide bearing antennae and fore- wings. Genus Cremastoscelio Dodd. (1) Cremastoscelio nigripes sp. nov. 9. — Length, 1.25 mm. Like flavipes Dodd, but coxae and femora fuscous, tibiae suffused with yellow; forewings narrower. The mandibles of both this species and the type of the genus are broad, 4-dentate, the outer tooth the largest, the others small. $. — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping in forest, May 10, 1912 (A. A. Girault). Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). Type. —A female on a slide. Genus Plastogryon Kieffer. (1) Elastogryon "aureus sp. nov. $. — Length, 1.25 mm. Head black ; thorax bright brownish yellow, the scutellum much darker; abdomen golden yellow, the apical third dorsad, black; legs and antennal scape golden yellow; rest of antennae brown. Head transverse, as wide as the thorax ; thorax a little longer than wide ; very finely sculptured, pubescent ; mesonotum without furrows. Abdomen sessile, as long as the head and thorax united, almost as wide as the thorax; first segment rather long, striate; second a little longer than the first, finely polygonally sculptured ; remaining segments short. Antennae 12-jointed; scape very slender, equal to next 4 joints com- bined; pedicel slender, twice as long as wide; funicle joints filiform, all a little longer than wide; first and second funicle joints a little longer than the following ones; last joint as long as the pedicel. Forewings when closed extending well beyond apex of abdomen ; moderately broad, the apex rather rounded ; a little infuscated ; mar- ginal cilia moderately short; discal cilia fine and dense; submarginal vein attaining the costa distinctly before the middle of the wing; marginal vein one-half longer than the stigmal, which is rather short; postmarginal vein one-third longer than the marginal. 9. — Unknown. Described from one specimen caught by sweeping along military road, March 3, 1912 (A. A. Girault). Habitat. — North Queensland (Thursday Is., Torres Strait). Type. — A male on a slide. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2$? (2) Plastogryon niger sp. nov. 9.. — Length, 1.60 mm. Coal black, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Structure as in aureus Dodd, but second abdominal segment is finely rugulose. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen, broad, the apex squarely rounded ; venation fuscous ; otherwise as in aureus. Antennae 12-jointed; scape equal to next 5 joints combined; pedicel slender, twice as long as wide; first funicle joint shorter and narrower than the pedicel, twice as long as wide; 2-4 as wide as long; club wide, 6-jointed, second joint a little the longest and widest. $. — Unknown. Described from a single specimen caught by sweeping in forest, Nelson, June 30, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). The fourth Aus- tralian species of the genus. Habitat. — North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). Type. —A female tagmounted plus a slide bearing antennae and forewings. British Guiana Heteroptera. By J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, White Plains, N. Y. Last year's collections of Heteroptera made by Mr. H. S. Parish in British Guiana I was fortunately able to secure, and the results are presented herewith. Only two papers on this fauna are known to me, one, published by E. P. Van Duzee in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXVII, pp. 343-352, Dec., 1901, under the caption, "Notes on Some Hemiptera from British Guiana," referring to Bartica ; and the other by Prof. Herbert Osborn in Ohio Naturalist, V:1 1195-204, Nov., 1904, bearing the title, "Notes on South American Hemiptera Het- eroptera," and dealing with Bartica material from Parish and with other South American collections otherwise secured. The former paper includes 89 species and the latter 67 species from Bartica. The lot under consideration contains 86 species, including all undetermined forms ; 67 have been determined generically and specifically, 15 generically only, and four ob- scure species remain unplaced except as to family. Of the determined species and genera, 57 were not recorded by Van Duzee and 50 by Osborn ; omitting older records, there are among those we are considering 27 species (33 if we include 258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 also those only genetically identified) not heretofore known from this part of South America. The genera not heretofore reported including the 6 above, are 24 in number. It will be seen that in spite of the smallness of the number of forms it is not without interest as a help to the proper knowledge of the distribution of forms in the Neotropical Region. Attention is called to certain variations in classification and ir family names. This is owing to the arrangement of fami- lies being in accordance with Reuter's masterly new system (Bemerkungen iiber mein neues Heteropterensystem," Ofr. Finsk. Vet. Soc. Fort. Bd. liv: 1911-12, afd. A, No. 6, pp. 1-62 [of separate?]), a system which, while in my opinion suscep- tible of certain modifications, is nevertheless a most distinct ad- vance on any now recognized. It is hoped that this fragment may be found of use and in- terest in a survey of the neotropical fauna. Family THYREOCORIDAE. Cydnus sp. One specimen from Mallali. Family SCUTELLERIDAE Reut. Augocoris sexpunctatus Fabr. Four specimens from Mallali. Family CIMICIDAE (Kirk.) (= Pentatomidae Reut. et auctt.) Mormidea ypsilon Linneus. Mallali and Bartica in numbers. This is seemingly the most abundant Cimicid as well as one of great range in America South of the Rio Grande. It is somewhat variable in coloration, size, and form of the thoracic spines. Solubea ypsilongriseus de G. Bartica and Mallali, common. Ap- parently not heretofore recorded from British, although known from Dutch, Guiana. Sibaria armata Dallas. One only from Bartica, although both Van Duzee and Osborn have received it in abundance from the same place. Galedanta myops Fabr. One example from Mallali. Euschistus acutus Dallas. One each from Mallali and Bartica. Euschistus heros Fabr. Mallali, one only. Berecynthus delirator Fabr. Four from Bartica and one from Mallali. Taurocerus edessoides Spinola. This pretty species is repre- sented by three examples from Bartica. Arvelius albopunctatus Deg. Mallali, one specimen. Vol. XXVJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 259 Brachystethus vicinus Sign. Of this species, not recorded here- tofore from British Guiana, there are one from Bartica and three from Mallali in the lot. Edessa vitulus Fabr. One example from Mallali. Edessa sp. One example of a large form from Mallali. Edessa rufomarginata De G. Mallali, two specimens. Edessa parvula Dallas. Three specimens from Bartica of a species which agrees exactly with specimens so identified by Van Duzee. Not heretofore known from the Guianas. Cataulax subvittatus Walker. This species heretofore apparently known only from Northern Brazil is now recorded from Bartica, whence one example 'has been received. Family ALYDIDAE Reuter. (= Coreidae, Subfamily Alydinae L. & S.) Hyalymenus dentatus Fabr. One only from Bartica. Hyalymenus vespiformis Fabr. Bartica, one example. Hyalymenus tarsatus Fabr. Of this common form, there are seven from Bartica and four from Mallali. Megalotomus pallescens Stal. Of this species, apparently not yet recognized from the Guianas, there is one example from Bartica. Trachelium tesselatum Dist. Not uncommon in Bartica and Mallali. Cydamus inauratus Dist. One specimen from Bartica and one from Mallali. Bactrodosoma parallelum Stal. This species seemingly known previously only from Brazil, is represented by four specimens from Bartica. Leptocorisa tipuloides De G. Bartica and Mallali, common. Pachylis hector Stal. Mallali, four adults and one nymph. Ap- parently not previously known from British Guiana, its southern- most record being Panama. Nematopus Indus Linne. Bartica and Mallali, very common. Holymenia intermedia Burmeister. One example of this un- common form from Bartica. Anisoscelis gradadia Distant. Mallali, one specimen. This form has not been previously recorded from British Guiana. Spartocera granulata Stal. One from Mallali — a new record for British Guiana. Margus obscurator Fabr. Bartica, one example. Although this species ranges from Mexico to Chile, there are apparently no records of it from the Guianas. Namacus annulicornis Stal. Two specimens from Bartica, which agree with a Mexican specimen of this species in my collection. This locality greatly extends the range of the species and is the first record from the Guianas. 260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Hypselonotus fulvus deGeer. Fourteen specimens from Bartica and one from Mallali of this common form. Family DYSODIIDAE Reuter. Hesus cordatus Fabr. Mallali, one specimen. This doubtfully recorded by Van Duzee (op. c.), but it is doubtless correct. Dysodius lunatus Fabr. Also from Mallali; one specimen only. Family MYODOCHIDA& (= Lygaeidae.) Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas. Two examples of this species which ranges from Canada to Brazil. It does not appear to have been previously recorded from the Guianas. Minus n. sp. One specimen from Mallali. This does not agree with the one species known from America, and as it is not in good condition, it is best left in this indeterminate state specifically, but is noted for the sake of the generic record. Micropus variegatus Sign. The two specimens from Mallali are the first recorded from British Guiana, or indeed, outside of Colombia. Oedancala notata Stal. Bartica and Mallali, very common. Clerada apicicornis Sign. One example from Bartica, an addi- tional record of this widely spread form, heretofore recorded only from Venezuela for South America. Heraeus sp. A seemingly new form, one specimen of which is from Bartica. This is not cincticortiis, with the description of which which it does not agree. Pamera vincta Say. One specimen each from Mallali and Bar- tica, agreeing with specimens from the United States in my collec- tion. Pamera sp. Three examples of an undetermined form from Bartica. Ozophora gracilipes Stal. The seven specimens from Mallali constitute the first record outside of Brazil. Neocattarus parvus Dist. Heretofore known only from Guate- mala. Two specimens from Bartica and a like number from Mal- lali. Cistalia alboannulata Stal. One from Mallali, a new record for this species known only from Brazil. Gonatas divergens Distant. Bartica and Mallali, fairly com- mon. This has been recorded from the former place by Osborn (op. c.), although somewhat diffidently. My entirely independent identification without previous knowledge of this record substan- tiates it. The species is somewhat variable, and when greasy loses the distinctive light marks of the hemelytra which makes its recognition difficult, it being described by color characters mainly. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 26 1 There are two other forms in this family not satisfactorily ac- counted for, one seemingly a new species, and the other an un- described genus. Family PYRRHOCORIDAE. Dysdercus ruficollis Linne. One only from Bartica. Family TINGIDAE. Gargaphia nigrinervis Stal. Five specimens from Mallali of this species heretofore only known from Brazil. Teleonemia prolixa Stal. This form heretofore known only from Brazil and Argentine is now recorded from Mallali, whence two specimens, and Bartica one. There are two other species of this genus in the lot from Mal- lali and Bartica, not satisfactorily determined. Family MACROCEPHALIDAE. Phymata erosa Linne. One from Mallali. Family REDUVIIDAE. Pnirontis serripes Fabr. Bartica, one. Pygolampis spurca Stal. Bartica, three. Stenopoda cana Stal. One example from Bartica. It has here- tofore been recorded only from Brazil. Rhyparoclopius annulirostris Stal. Bartica two and Mallali one example. Known previously from Brazil only. Natata fuscipennis Stal. Two specimens of this species from Bartica, making the first record for the Guianas. Hoplogenius sp. A single specimen from Bartica of a species which seems to belong to this genus, heretofore known only from Patagonia. Macrophthalmus pallens Lap. One specimen each from Bartica and Mallali. Lamus geniculatus Latr. A single specimen from Mallali. Melanolestes morio Erichson. Bartica, one example. Rasahus hamatus Fabr. Two specimens from Bartica and one from Mallali. Pothea frontalis Lep. and Serv. Bartica and Mallali, one each of this not uncommon species. Apiomerus pilipes Fabr. One specimen from Bartica. Apiomerus elatus Stal. Bartica, one only. Apparently the first South American record. Apiomerus hirtipes Hahn. One example from Bartica; the first record outside of Brazil. Micrauchenus lineola Fabr. Five specimens from Mallali and one from Bartica of this common form. Amauroclopius bispinus Stal. One example from Mallali. 262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Calliclopius nigripes Linne. Bartica one specimen and Mallali three. A well known form. Heniartes flavicans Fabr. A common Guianan species represent- ed by three examples from Mallali and one from Bartica. Zelus (Diplodus) spp. There are six undetermined species in this lot, apparently undescribed, from Bartica and Mallali. Graptocleptes varians Champ. One specimen of this species, first described from Panama, was received from Bartica, a new record. Repipta flavicans A. & S. Two specimens from Bartica and three from Mallali, Atrachelus crassicornis Burm. Three examples from Bartica and one from Mallali. Recorded only heretofore from Uruguay and Argentine. Ricolla pallidinervis Stal. Bartica, three examples and Mallali two. Thus far known only from Venezuela. Ploeogaster mammosus A. & S. One example of this from Bartica. In addition to the species of Reduviidae above enumerated, there are an undetermined Emesine from Mallali ; and three specimens from Mallali and two from Bartica of a Nabid near Carthasis and forming apparently a new genus. Family GERRIDAE. Brachymetra n. sp. Twenty-three specimens from Mallali which I am unable to satisfactorily place. Scattered Writings of Dr. H. A. Hagen. Thanks to Mr. Harry B. Weiss, of the New Jersey Agricultural Ex- periment Station, our attention has recently been called to two ar- ticles, in part by the late Dr. H. A. Hagen, which, from their place of publication, are not likely to be met with by those interested in ento- mology or in Dr. Hagen. Both appeared in the Boston Evening Tran- script for 1883. The first, entitled, "Money and What Becomes of it," "written by Dr. H. A. Hagen, of the Agassiz Museum at Cambridge, read at a recent meeting of the Thursday Club," was based on un- published memoirs of two students of Dr. Hagen's father, Prof. Carl Hagen, of the University of Konigsberg, and on the father's papers, and came out in the Transcript for February 2. It will be new to some to think of Dr. H. A. Hagen as a political economist. The other ar- ticle, "The State House in Danger" (Transcript, November 15), gives an interview of the anonymous writer with Dr. Hagen in relation to termite injuries to the Capitol at Boston, and extracts from his papers on these insects. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 263 One Hundred Butterflies from the Jamez Mountains New Mexico (Lepid.), With Notes and Description of a New Species. By ROSWELL C. WILLIAMS, JR., Philadelphia, Pa. The following list of just one hundred species and varieties of butterflies were secured during the season of 1913 by Mr. John Woodgate in the Jamez Mts. of New Mexico at an eleva- tion of from 6400 to 7000 ft. In most cases good series were forwarded and the dates of capture given below usually represent the first appearance. When no definite dates are given the butterfly was common throughout the month mentioned. Of the new species received, Pamphila margarita was described by Dr. Henry Skinner in the Canadian Entomolo- gist. This list will undoubtedly be added to in coming seasons and may be of interest as no similar lists from that part of the State have been published to my knowledge. 1. Danais plexippus L. July and Nov. 2. D. berenice strigosa Bates. July. 3. Euptoieta claudia Cr. July. 4. Argynnis bremneri Edw. Aug. 20, Sept. 3 and 20. 5. Melitaea acastus Edw. May 28 to June 15. *G. M. fulvia Edw. June 8. 1. M. minuta Edw. July 22. 8. Phyciodes ismeria Bd.-Lec. May 14-30. 9. P. tharos Dru. May 20 to June 20. 10. P. camillus Edw. May 14-29. 11. P. mylitta Edw. May-June-July. 12. P. picta Edw. June. 13. Grapta silvius Edw. July 17-31, Sept. 10. *14. G. faunus Edw. Sept. 13-21, Nov. 10. 15. Vanessa antiopa L. Sept. 11-17. 16. V. milberti Godt. June 2-6. 17. Pyrameis atalanta L. Sept. 15. 18. P. cardui L. May-June-July. 19. Limenitis weidemeyeri Edw. June 9 to July 4. 20. Neonympha henshawi Edw. June 14. 21. Coenonympha ochracea Edw. May 28-30. 22. Satyrus alope ariane Boisd. July 6 to Aug. 3. 264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 23. S. meadi Edw. One female, Aug. 22. *24. S. silvestris Edw. June 5 to July 7. 25. Chionobas chryxus Dbl.-Hew. June 30. 26. Lemonias nais. July 7. 27. Thecla crysalus Edw. July 8-12. 28. T. melinus Hiib. June 2. 29. T. itys Edw. July 4-12. 30. T. calanus Hiib. June 25 to July 4. 31. T. spinetorum Boisd. Apr. 20, May 17-21. 32. T. castalis Edw. May, July 6. 33. T. behri Edw. July 6-11. 34. T. augustus Kirby. May 12-14. 35. T. eryphon Boisd. May 10-28. 36. T. apama Edw. May 14-30, July 2. 37. Chrysophanus arota virginiensis Edw. July 3-16. 38. Lycaena fulla Edw. July 3-16. 39. L. behri Edw. May 25 to June 15. 40. L. podarce Feld. June 2-7. 41. L. melissa Edw. May 13-30, June 20, July 18. 42. L. acmon Dbl.-Hew. May 10-30, June 2-6, July 8-18. 43. L. ladon cinerea Edw. May 12-14. 44. L. ladon arizonensis Edw. May 12-29. 45. L. amyntula Boisd. May-June. 46. L. isola Reak. June, Sept. 10, Oct. 14. 47. L. marina Reak. Apr. 20, May-June-July 1-15. 48. Neophasia menapia Feld. July 17-24. 49. Pieris sisymbri Boisd. Apr. 19 to May 14. 50. P. occidentalis Reak. June 8 to July 23. 51. P. occidentalis calyce Edw. Apr. 15. 52. P. napi pallida Scud. May 10 to June 16. 53. Nathalis iole Boisd. May 6, June 25 to July 12. 54. Anthocharis sara reakirti Edw. Apr. 10 to May 9. 55. Colias caesonia Stoll. July 22. 56. C. eurytheme ariadne Edw. June 2. 57. C. eurytheme keewaydin Edw. May-July. 58. C. eurytheme pallida Cockerell. May-July. 59. Terias nicippe Cramer. July 19-22. 60. Papilio polyxenes curvifascia Skinner. Sept. 13. 61. P. bairdi Edw. Aug. 3. 62. P. rutulus Boisd. May 13. 63. P. daunus Boisd. May 30, June 21, July 11. 64. P. eurymedon Boisd. May 26-28, July 4. 65. P. zelicaon Lucas. May 1-14. *66. Thymelicus garita Reak. July 1-6. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 265 67. T. edwardsi Barnes. July 9. 68. Pamphila taxiles Edw. June 22 to July 9. 69. P. comma Colorado Scud. Sept. 20. 70. P. juba Scud. May 19, June-July. *71. P. woodgatei n. sp. Sept. 10-21. 72. P. rhesus Edw. May 25. . 73. P. uncas Edw. June 26. 74. P. morrisoni Edw. May 27 to June 30. 75. P. draco Edw. June 21. 76. P. sabuleti Boisd. June 6. 77. P. cernes Bd.-Lec. June, July 1-4. *78. P. vestris Boisd. June 25 to July 9. 79. P. phylace Edw. May 25 to June 14. 80. P. vierecki Skinner. May 28 to June 26. 81. P. python Edw. May. *82. P. margarita Skinner. May 24 to June 9. 83. P. oslari Skinner. May 21-30, June, July 1-9. 84. Amblyscirtes vialis Edw. May 13 to June 9. 85. A. aenus Edw. May 25 to June 12. 86. A. cassus Edw. May 30. 87. Pyrgus tessellata Scud. May, June, July, Sept. 10. 88. P. xanthus Edw. May 12-31. 89. Thanaos brizo Bd.-Lec. Apr. 27 to May 24. 90. T. icelus Lint. May 14-30. *91. T. persius Scud. Apr. 25-30, May, June, July 1-14, Sept. 10. 92. T. horatius Scud. -Burg. May 4-14, July 11 to Aug. 4. 93. T. propertius Lint. Apr. 20, May, June 1-6. 94. T. pacuvius Lint. June, July 1-7. 95. Pholisora catullus Fab. May 19 to June 7. 96. P. pirus Edw. June. 97. Eudamus pylades Scud. May 10 to June 13. 98. E. mexicana Herr.-Sch. June 6, June 21. 99. E. tityrus Fab. May 11-31. ]()0. E. dorus Fdw. Apr. 19-2S. and Megathymus yuccae navajo Skinner. May 8 to June 4, *1912. No individuals appeared, however, in 1913. *6. Melitaea fulvia sinefascia n. aberr. In the good series of fuk'ia there is a curious 9. aberra- tion for which I propose this new name. It is the equivalent of var. obsoleta, Hy. Edw. of leanira, Boisd. The upper sides of the wings are of a more uniform ground color The black marginal band is present but the submarginal black band or 266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 line is entirely absent. The row of outer yellowish white spots is pres- ent. The discal yellowish white band is present, less intense, on the upper wing, but entirely absent on the. lower wing. The yellow white spot in the end of cell of upper wing showing in typical examples, is in this one of the ground color. On the under side the black submarginal bands on both the upper and the lower wings are entirely absent. *14. Grapta faunus. Is perhaps a northwestern form approaching hylas. *24. Satyrus silvestris. Dark as the Edwards figure of the type and with from o to 5 very small ocelli some pupilled with a white point. They may be separated from var. charon, from Colorado and Utah by the darker color and the more uniform dark under surface of lower wing. *66. Thymelicus garita Reak. A very dark insect, above, almost black with coppery re- flection and in appearance corresponding with the insect fig- ured by Mr. Wright, Plate xxx, No. 4o8-b-c, as Pholisora lena. *71. Pamphila woodgatei n. sp. 3 Above orange fulvous, borders brown. The border of upper wing extending in one-third of the surface, shading into the ground color and enclosing the five spots of the comma group as follows : First three of about equal size and rectangular, the fourth midway between these and the outer edge of the wing, triangular, with the base towards the border, and the fifth spot quadrate, and a trifle farther from the border than the one above. Discal dash heavy and a patch of dark scales beneath it. Base with darker scales. Lower wing. — With somewhat darker ground color and border. The fulvous patch occupying about one-third of the surface of the wing and extending towards the margin below the outer angle. The border is more decided at the costal and outer margins than at the .inner mar- gin. The outer row of under spots is faintly indicated on the upper side. Veins M3, Cut and Cu2 (Comstock) conspicuously black. Under side : costal margin of upper wing lighter orange fulvous, lower portion yellowish, base black with black streak following loca- tion of discal patch ; border as above, the five spots as above, sil- very white. Lower wing dark olive green and of uniform color except inner border which is lighter fulvous, silvery white spots as follows : A small dash in the triangle formed by junction of veins Ri and R2. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 267 Next a larger double spot consisting of a dash parallel with vein Cu2 and connected with a V at end of cell forming together a hook-shaped spot. Then an outer row of five spots, the first the largest, quadrate, between vein R3 and Mi. The second between vein Mi and Cm and bisected by vein M3, and this followed by three spots, mere points, in the three following interspaces. The last four spots being in almost a straight line from the outer angle to the center of the inner margin. Fringes, brownish on upper wing shading to gray on lower anal angle. Body blackish above, ashy whitish below. Palpi white. Antennae, black below with black tips, gray on under side just below tips. Expanse 18 mm. center of thorax to tip of wing. Fore wing has outer margin rounded and not so produced as in comma or juba. $ Similar in color, the spots above showing somewhat more clearly than in the $ . Hardly any darkening of the disc at the place occupied by the discal dash in the $ . The veins of the lower wing not showing prominently black as in the $ . On the under side similar to the $ , but spots larger and in two specimens with an additional spot near the center of the costal border, and a spur on the last spot extending out towards the anal angle. Expanse 20 mm. Differs from any butterfly I have seen of the cowwna-juba group in the shape of the upper wing and the color, and shape and arrangement of the spots on the lower wing surface. Named in honor of Mr. John Woodgate, the collector. From 3 males and 3 females. Types deposited in the collection of the Acad. of Nat. Sci. of Phila. *7S. Pamphila vestris Boisd. The type figured by Mr. Oberthur is somewhat lighter than my specimens, but this may be due to fading of the type. It is a $ and shows the two larger hyaline spots. The series from Jamez contains 5 9 with the two spots distinct, with the spots obsolescent, and a good percentage entirely without spots ; these may be called anmaculatus n. var. I cannot however separate vestris from mctacowet Ilarr., having a good series of the latter from my home collecting ground, Avon, Conn., and from other points in the middle Eastern states. *S2. P. margarita Skinner. This insect is distinct from pittacus Edw. The row of spots on the lower wing above and below being in 268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 constantly regular and in a straight line, while in margdrita the band, while varying from a few spots to an almost con- tinuous band across the wing, is never straight, extending out almost to the outer angle, and the spots always varying in size, giving an appearance decidedly different from pittacns, and more like python, from which again it differs in size, color and shape of wing. *91. Thanaos persius Scud. Some of these, a long series, are remarkable for their very small size, a number being 16 mm. from center of thorax to tip of wing. In conclusion I wish to express my appreciation of the courtesies extended by Dr. Henry Skinner, Curator of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and his valuable assistance and encouragement in the study of these insects. Fragments on North American Insects — VII. By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), North Queensland, Australia. (Also on page 283.) Postpupal Development in Chilocorus bivulnerus Mulsant (Col.) Upon emerging from the pupal stage, the elytra of this beetle are tan-colored, with the red spots pallid, the head and thorax black ; four hours later, the natural colors had developed. The pupae were numerous in the middle of June, iqoo, at Annapolis, Maryland. An Ant-lion (Myrmeleonid) Without Food (Neur.) Several half-grown larvae of a common ant-lion occurring about Annapolis, Maryland, were kept in confinement (box full of sand) without feeding for twenty-five days, when they were thrown out. Culicid Pupa out of Water (Dip.) At Granite, Baltimore County, Maryland, the last of August, 1900, some mosquito pupae were found in water in a tree hollow ; when transferring them to a tin can, one accidentally lodged upon the side of the can, remaining thus for about twenty hours. When it was washed down into the water it moved off at once, apparently none the worse. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 269 Two Colorado Plant Lice (Hemip.-Homop.)* By C. P. GILLETTE, Fort Collins, Colorado. (Plate XI.) Asiphum pseudobyrsa Walsh. Byrsocrypta pseudobyrsa Walsh : — Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol. I, p. 306, 1862. Pemphigus pseudobyrsa Walsh : — Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol. VI, p. 208, 1866. Thomas :— Rept. Ent. 111., Vol. VIII, p. 151, 1880. Oest- lund : — Aph. of Minn., p. 24, 1887. Packard : — Forest Insects, p. 434, 1890. Hunter: — Aph. of N. A., p. 79, 1901. Schizoncura populi Gill. : — Ent. News, Vol. XIX. p. I, 1908. This species, described by Walsh more than fifty years ago, seems to have no recorded observations upon it since, except for the one which was made by the writer in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for January, 1908, where the winged migrants, found in company with an apterous form of a species of Chermes upon the bark of the Balm of Gilead, were taken to be the alate form of the same louse. Figures A and B of Plate XI were used in that paper in con- nection with the description of the supposed new species. Figures C, D and E of the same original plate (Vol. XIX, PI. I), used to illustrate the apterous form, I still believe rep- resented a new species which we shall now have to name Chermes pop nil. The alate form of this species I have never seen, though the apterous lice are very common on cotton- wood bark in Colorado and especially on the western slope about Grand Junction. Asiphuin pseudobyrsa has been taken several times by Mr. L. C. Bragg about Fort Collins, Boulder and Denver upon the leaves of Popnlus coccinca and I have also received specimens from Mr. Asa C. Maxson from the same tree at Longmont, Colorado. This species is a true Asiphuin. the young lice all leaving the stem-mother gall, which is a small almond-shaped pocket about midway on the midrib of the leaf, very soon after being born, and locating on the under or ventral surface. The larvae locate along the main veins into which they insert their beaks 2/O ENTOMOLOGICAL N£WS. [June, '14 and their bodies soon become snowy white with a dense cov- ering of short wax threads. See Figure D, Plate XL All of the second generation lice become winged. An in- fested leaf brought to the laboratory by Mr. Bragg, June 17, 1913, had one vigorous fundatrix in the gall with a few first instar young, and outside the gall a large number of second generation lice, two of which had developed wings, probably the first of the year. This leaf is shown in two views at Fig- ures C and D. Another species, gravicornis Patch, described in Bulletin 213, Maine Experiment Station, is very similar in its appear- ance upon the leaf, but is quite distinct. The Fundatrix (Plate XI, Figure £). General color a yellowish olive green, lighter over the middle por- tion of the abdomen ; covered more or less heavily with white powder, and some threads about the margins of the body, especially poster- iorly; head, eyes and tarsi blackish; legs and antennae dusky; rather* broadly oval in form, when fully adult measuring about 4 by 3 milli- meters; antenna .55 mm., five-jointed, joint III longest, being a little shorter than joints IV and V together without spur, joint IV shortest, joint II one-half as long as III; permanent sensoria ciliated; beak very short; hind femur and tibia each about .50. Proportionate lengths of the joints of eight antennae of stem- mothers are as follows : Joints I 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Averages 10 12 22.25 8.75 18.75 Alate Fundatrigcnia, Plate XI, figures A and B. The description given by the writer in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS referred to above was as follows : "Winged Female. — Length of fore-wing, 3.50 to 3.75 mm.; hind- wing, 2.35 to 2.75 mm. Length of body, \y2 to 2 mm. Antennae, 6- jointed; length, .8 mm. Joints r and 2, short and stout, the 2nd a II III IV V i 13 25 10 20 13 25 II IQ ii 20 8 16 ii 22 8 18 12 22 8 19 12 21 9 19 12 20 9 20 12 23 7 19 Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 271 little longer than broad; 3rd, longest, equaling 4th and 5th together; 5th, a trifle longer than 4th ; and 6th distinctly longer than 5th. The proportions of the four distal joints are about as follows: 21, g, n, 15. Total length of antenna a little less than one-half length of body. Compound eyes, ocelli, abdomen, tips of tarsi and antennae, and more or less of the thorax above, dusky to black, otherwise pale yellow. The anterior wing has a very distinct, though narrow, black line extending from the base along the subcostal nerve, but a little beneath it and terminating on the costal margin just beyond the stigma. A similar black line starts on the anal margin of the hind-wing, close to the body and extends forward and outward to meet the costal nerve and then turns at an acute angle back to the costal margin close to the body. Body and wings are powdered with a white secretion and from thorax and abdomen a white waxy secretion forms in long, slender threads, nearly or quite hiding the body. Antennal spur of 6th joint not over 1-5 length of joint and with a large sensorium at its base, also large oval sensoria near distal ends of joints 4 and 5, and along the underside of joint 3, where there are about 6." The specimens taken the past summer differ from the above by being somewhat larger, the length of body in plump specimens meas- uring 3 mm., and the antennae measuring .90. The sensoria on joint III of the antenna are almost uniformly 5, and on joint III, 2, but in some examples they are rather difficult to see well. There is a strong spur near the base of joint III, which does not show in the original figure, but has been added on Plate XI, figure A. The permanent sensoria are ciliated. Proportionate lengths of antennal joints of 14 alate lice ran as follows : Joints I II III IV V VI with spur 10 10 34 16 19 26 IO ii 35 16 20 28 10 ii 36 18 19 26 10 ii 35 16 21 28 10 ii 35 17 18 25 10 ii 34 15 18 26 8 10 30 16 18 27 10 II 38 17 22 29 10 II 34 15 19 27 10 II 35 16 19 23 9 IO 30 14 16 25 10 10 33 H 18 22 9 9 32 15 17 23 9 9 32 14 16 24 Averages 9.64 10.43 33-79 15-64 18.57 25.64 272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 It is probable that this louse has an alternate host, as the alate form, the second generation, all leave the cottonwoods. Our records on this louse in Colorado are as follows : Grand Junction, June 16, 1907; Migrant; Recorded by C. P. Gillette; Host, Populus candicans. Rocky Ford, May 27. 1908; Fundatrix and 2nd generation; Recorded by L. C. Bragg; Host, Populus coccinea. Denver, June 16, 1911; Fundatrix and alate migrants; Recorded by L. C. Bragg; Host, Populus coccinea. Fort Collins, June 17, 1913; Fundatrix and alate migrants; Recorded by L. C. Bragg; Host, Populus coccinea. Longmont, Tune 17, 1913; Fundatrix and immature young; Recorded by Asa C. Maxson ; Host, Populus coccinea. Fort, Collins, June 21, 1913; Migrants; Recorded by L. C. Bragg; Host, Populus coccinea. Phyllaphis quercifoliae n. sp. In Bulletin 31, page 116 (1895), of the Colorado Experi- ment Station, Mr. Cowen gave a brief description of a woolly plant louse found upon the under side of the leaves of scrub oaks in Colorado, which he thought to be Fitch's Eriosoma querci, but which he placed in the genus Schizoneura. Mr. Davis in his paper in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Volume XXII, 1911, page 242, accepts Cowen's reference of the species, hav- ing no examples for study himself. This is a common louse, which I have often seen on oaks in the mountainous sections of Colorado. A rather careful study of the material in hand has convinced me that the Colorado form is a distinct and new species and not the species describ- ed or referred to by Fitch, Thomas, Oestlund and Davis and that it is probably distinct from the species recorded by Clarke and Davidson found on the live oaks of California. I am, therefore, offering the notes and descriptions given below. While I am referring this species to the genus Phyllaphis, it- does not have the short beak, knobbed cauda, or short second antennal joint found in P. fagi, the type of the genus, and the hind wings have but one transverse vein, and any of these characters might be considered of generic rank. The specimens here described were taken at Manitou, Colo- rado, September 20, 1913, by the writer, on native scrub oak, ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate XI. COLORADO PLANT LOUSE (AsiPHUM PSEUDOBYRSA). -GILLETTE. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 273 where the species was very common, infesting, for the most part, the under (ventral) side of the leaves. The lice were readily detected by the cottony secretion which they produce in great profusion. I found very few of the summer form, but large numbers of oviparous females in all stages of de- velopment and also a large number of pupae, all of which were developing into males. A single winged male was also found. The lice seemed to prefer a folded leaf, and colonies were frequently found in folds that had been produced by leaf- rollers or other causes. The punctures of the insect do not seem to have much, if any, effect to cause the curling of the leaves. Apterous I 'irgogcnia. This form had mostly disappeared. The examples taken were light green, the color being strongest along the lateral margins of the body ; body everywhere covered more or less densely with loose cottony secretion ; eyes bright red ; head and thoracic segments, antennae, except the terminal segments which are somewhat dusky, and legs yellowish to yellowish brown in color ; length of body, i.io; antenna, .50; joints II, III, IV, and V vary but little in length; joint III is usually the longest of those mentioned, but always shorter than joint VI with the spur; joint IV usually shortest, and even joint II sometimes exceeds joint III in length. The only sensoria present are the permanent ones on joints V and VI. The length of the body as given above may be too little, as the specimens taken are rather old and the body segments are somewhat contracted. Oviparous Female. The color in this form varies, some examples being uniform straw yellow throughout, while others are as uniformly pink, and others are pale yellowish green. Body everywhere covered more or less densely with loose cottony secretion, the wax plates show- ing very plainly as minute dark dots upon the dorsum, there being three longitudinal rows on either side of the body, with the usual re- duction in numbers upon the thorax and terminal segments of the abdomen ; two large circular wax plates of remarkable size occur nu the under side of the abdomen upon joints V and VI and partially covering joint VII, each of which has two pores or clear spots in it. These plates are covered with a dense deposit of short wax thread making two very conspicuous white patches which may be seen pro- jecting beyond the lateral margins of the abdomen when viewed from above ; eyes bright red ; antennae, legs, head, anal plate and gland plates dusky in color: hind tibiae and antenna quite dark; hind tibiae much swollen am! set with a large number of oval scent glands; beak just surpassing the second pair of coxae, the tip only being black ; pores not 274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 raised above the surface and indicated by a dark ring; antenna .55 to .65; joints III and VI with its spur, about equal; joints II and IV, about equal; joint IV about .80 as long as joint V; joints II and IV are about two-thirds as long as joint III or VI ; spur about one-fifth as long as joint VI; body about 1.30 to 1.60; cauda broadly rounded; ventral wax plates about .25 in diameter. Male. The male is very slender compared with the forms above de- scribed and varies in general color about the same as does the oviparous female, the prevailing color being pink at first, the color changing to a brownish yellow with age; head, thorax, antennae and wing veins, blackish ; eyes bright red ; anal plate black ; anterior wings with cubital vein twice forked ; posterior wings short and narrow and with one transverse vein only, rising at a point about twice as far from the base of the wing as from the tip. Length of body, .95 to 1.05; wing, 1.40 to 1.50; hind wing, .85 to .90; antennae, i.io; joints III, IV, V, and VI with its spur sub-equal; posterior wing .90; wing veins all heavy and with narrow dusky margins ; stigma of fore-wing lanceolate, nar- row and translucent ; sensoria of antenna about as follows : Joint III, 4 to 5 ; joints IV to VI, with 5 to 7 sensoria but usually 6; all sensoria oval or circular and the permanent ones surrounded with cilia ; anten- nal joints very rough and irregular in outline; beak attaining third coxae. A day or two after becoming winged, the males have a few long, fluffy cottony threads over head, thorax, and abdomen, even the legs and antennae being more or less covered with these threads and a powdery secretion. Eggs. The eggs are deposited singly and are covered with short fragments of waxy secretion from the two large wax plates that are on the posterior ventral surface of the abdomen. The oviparous female places these broken wax threads upon the egg while she is depositing it, by means of her hind tarsi which she rubs over the dense mass of short wax threads and then over the egg. I have watched a similar process in species of Lachnus. The color of the recently laid eggs is pale green and in shape they are broad oval, being approximately .50 x .30. The eggs observed were all deposited in a breeding cage and were scattered promiscuously over either the upper or lower surface of the oak leaves. The fundatrix and alate virgogenia I have not seen. Mr. Asa C. Maxson, Longmont, Colorado, recently sent me a closely allied but apparently distinct species from the leaves of the live oak taken at Spreckels, California, June 28, 1913. In this sending there were both oviparous and viviparous fe- males but no males or other allied form. These lice differ from those taken from the scrub oaks in Colorado by the more Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 275 slender form of the egg-laying females. The general type of antenna is the same in both species and they also have the bright red eyes. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Asiphum pscudobyrsa: Figure B, Alate migrant of the second gen- eration ; A, antenna of the preceding enlarged 100 times. From Jour- nal of Economic Entomology, Jan., 1908. Drawings by Miss Miriam A. Palmer. From ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Vol. XIX, Plate I. Figure C : Leaf of Populus coccinea showing the stem mother gall of Asiphum pscudobyrsa Walsh on the midrib ; D, the underside of the same leaf showing the colony of young in all stages of development located along the main veins. About two-thirds natural size. Original. Figure E : Stem mother of Asiphum pseudobyrsa Walsh, body some- what shrunken in length; enlarged about 15 diameters. Drawing by Miss Caroline M. Preston. Some Nomenclatorial Notes on the Dipterous Family Trypetidae. By E. T. CRESSON, JR. There has recently appeared in the Memoirs of the Indian Museum, Vol. Ill, No. 3, a paper by Prof. M. Bezzi, entitled "Indian Trypaneids (Fruit flies) in the Collection of the Indian Museum." This paper not only treats of the Indian species but gives an entirely new classification of the genera of this family. There has long been a want of such a reor- ganization based more upon structural characters than here- tofore, and Prof. Bezzi, who has given much study to the fruit flies of the world, has certainly furnished an excellent foundation for the establishment of the genera of this family. The family is divided into two subfamilies namely, Dacinae and Trypaneinae. The latter is further divided into three tribes, Ceratitininae, Myioptininae and Trypaneininae. The subfamily Dacinae is not represented within the nearctic zone. Tt probably includes the remarkable Toxotrypana G'ers. of Mexico. The tribe Ceratitininae is characterized by having the cilia of the posterior orbits composed of fine black bristles 276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 or setulae which are rarely white ; mesonotum usually with black pubescence ; third vein usually setulose, at least as far as anterior cross vein. It includes the nearctic genera Acidia, Strauda, Trypeta= -(Spilographa), Zonosema, Rhagoletis, Oe das pis, Peronyma, Epochra and A dura. The tribe Myioptininae is not represented in this zone. The tribe Trypaneininae is characterized by having the cilia of the posterior orbits composed of thickened, whitish, blunted bris- tles or setulae ; mesonotum with whitish pubescence ; third vein bare; proboscis usually long and geniculated. It includes the nearctic genera Stenopa, Terellia, Tomopla>gia=(Plagiotoma), Neaspilota, Hutreta, Paracantha, Ensina, Euaresta, Tepliritis and Trnpanea. This classification is certainly an improvement over the one now used, proposed by Loew, and divides the family into groups which are probably more natural. It was character- istic of Loew to disregard the chaetotaxy, so he had to fall back on the wing pattern in most cases. In the study of this paper of Prof. Bezzi's and of a few others, augmented by a small collection, a few interesting problems have come up, dealing mainly with nomenclature, which have given rise to the following notes : Trypeta Meig. (Spilographa Lw.). Trypcta was first proposed by Meigen in ISO31 for the species Musca arnica, M. cerasi, M. urticae, M. arte-misiae. All are credited to Fabricius. Curiously enough, none of these species was included in the genus by Loew in his Bohrfliegen, 1862, or has been since. The type species was first designated by Coquil- lett in iQio2 as Musca artemisiae Fab. (1794). This species was one of those originally included under Spilographa Lw. ( 1862) so this designation makes the latter genus a synonym of Trypeta. This unfortunately causes some confusion in the con- ception of the two, but there is no other solution unless the other species originally included under Spilographa are not con- generic. The species heretofore known as typical Trypetae will (1) Illiger Magazin fiir Insekt. ii, 2/7. (2) Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxvii, 618. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 277 now go under Terellia Desv. (1830), with Musca serratulae Linn, (i 7 38) = (Terellia palpata and T. luteola Desv.) as the type species, designated by Coquillett (1910). Mr. Coquillett in his Type Species of North American Gen- era, makes Oedaspis Lw. (1862) a synonym of Orellia Desv. (1830). For the former he designates Trypeta multifasciata Lw. (1850) ; for the latter Trypeta -uriedemanni Meig. (1826) (as Orellia flavicans new species). The two species are evi- dently not congeneric, so Oedaspis may stand for our species as given in Aldrich's catalogue. Paracantha Coq. (1899). This was proposed for Trypeta cult a Lw. Wied. (1830) as distinct from Carphotricha Lw. (1862). There were three species originally included under Carphotricha, two of which were designated type species of two genera by Rondani in 1856, Trypeta guttitlaris Meig. (1826) type of Dithryca Rond. and Trupanea reticulata Schrank (1803) [as Tephritis pupillata Fall (1814)] type of Oplochetd Rond. This leaves only C. strigilata Lw. (1862) for its type species. Should this species be congeneric with one of the other two, then Carphotricha will have to fall. As regards Paracantha, there is a probability of its being a synonym of Oplochcta Rond., but my study of Trupanea reticulata is limited to one more or less imperfect specimen. As I am not aware that the type species of Carpho- • tricha Lw. has ever been fixed, I herewith designate Carpho- tricha strigilata Loew as such. Tephritis Latreille. This genus was first proposed by Latreille in the "Nouveau Dictionna'ire d'Histoire Naturelle, Tome XXIV, Tableaux Methodiques," dated "AN XII — 1804," page 196, No. 585. The species mentioned under this reference are: Musca arnica and Musca cerasi Fab. These two species are credited to Linn, by Fabricius in his Entomologica Systematica, iv, pp. 352 and 358. Therefore one of these species is the only one available as the type species of this genus. Coquillett in 1910 quotes the genus as dating from the "Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et Insectes 278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Tome XIV, AN XIII," which is equivalent to 1805. The spec- ies included under that reference is Musca solstitialis Fab. (1781) which seems to be a homonym of the present Urophora solstitialis Linn. (1758) and a synonym of the present Uro- phora aprica Fall. (1820). It will be seen that Coquillett's designation makes Urophora Desv. (1830) a synonym of Tephritis Latr. (1805), thus confusing the present idea of the genus Tephritis. This however is happily averted as will be seen below. Prof. Bezzi in his Indian Trypetidae (1913) cites Musca Jcontodontis Deg. (1776) as the type species of Tephritis Latr. (1805) or, as he quotes the reference, "Hist.d.Crust.et Ins., xiv, 389, (1804)." This species was not included under the original description of Tephritis Latr., either in 1804 or 1805, and so cannot be the type species of that genus. He evidently is try- ing to retain the name for the genus as it is now or has been recognized, but his method is impossible. It is strange how the above mentioned "Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle" has been repeatedly overlooked or ignored by most students. It how- ever furnishes an agreeable solution to the present confusion surrounding this genus in the fact that Mats c a arnica Linn. (1758) is a typical Tephritis as the genus is now known and is one of the species originally included under the first refer- ence to this name, and I herewith designate that species (Musca arnica Linn.) as the type species of Tephritis Latr. (1804). Tephritis platyptera Lw. (1862) is not a typical Tephritis on account of its broad wings and radiating arrangement of the marginal spots ; furthermore the foremost dorsocentral bris- tle is removed back from the sutural region to nearly opposite the supra-alar bristles. It seems to belong to Campiglossa Roncl., but a study of Tephritis irrorata Fall, is necessary to make this certain. Trupanea Schrank. This name was evidently first used in 1795 in the "Briefe Donaumoor." I have not been fortunate enough to have seen this publication and so must take the record at second-hand. The original wording is Trupanea, but Prof. Bezzi uses an Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 279 emended form Trypanea, which I do not think necessary. This name unfortunately must take the place of Urellia Desv. (1830). This being the oldest genus in the family has influenced Prof. Bezzi to change the family name to agree. Of course he recognizes Meigen's 1800 genera in which case he is within his rights. I do not recognize the 1800 names and so prefer to retain Trypeta Meig. instead of Euribia Meig. The name of a family is the one first applied to it provided the genus from which it is named is included. The retention of Trypeta will necessitate the changing of Bezzi's tribe Ceratitininae to Trype- tininae while his subfamily will be Trupaneinae with Tru- paneininae as its typical tribe. Some Facts About the Egg Nest of Paratenodera sinensis (Orth.). By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The egg nest of this striking and beneficial insect is peculiar in that it consists of a central, somewhat horny, core, contain- ing the eggs, surrounded by a porous rind, which undoubtedly serves to protect the eggs from moisture and sudden changes in temperature. Thermometric tests of the conductivity of this rind were made with quite a few nests, and the following tables, show- ing the temperature changes of three nests, indicate what hap- pened generally. In each case a hole was drilled in the nest and the bulb of a thermometer inserted so that it occupied the same position as the core. The nests were then placed in an oven, the temperature of which was 160 deg. F. The nest temperature at the start was 64 deg. F., and a thermometer having no nest attached and reading 64 deg. F. at the start registered the oven temperature 160 deg. F. in two minutes. . EGG NEST A. Temperature at start ' 64 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 102 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 148 deg. F. Temperature at end of 12 minutes 160 deg. F. Rise in 12 min., 96 deg. F. 280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 EGG NEST B. Temperature at start 64 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 120 deg. F. Temperature at end of 8 minutes 150 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 160 deg. F. Rise in 10 min., 96 deg. F. EGG NEST C. Temperature at start 64 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 122 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 154 deg. F. Temperature at end of 12 minutes 160 deg. F. Rise in 12 min., 96 deg. F. Conditions were then reversed, and the following tables show what happened when the temperature was lowered. The temperature of the nests at the start was 62 deg. F., and a check thermometer reading 62 deg. F. at the start registered 36 deg. F. in two minutes. EGG NEST D. Temperature at start 62 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 48 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 42 deg. F. Temperature at end of 15 minutes 36 deg. F. Fall in 15 min., 26 deg. F. EGG NEST E. Temperature at start 62 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 47 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 40 deg. F. Temperature at end of 15 minutes 36 deg. F. Fall in 15 min., 26 deg. F. EGG NEST F. Temperature at start 62 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 46 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 38 deg. F. Temperature at end of 14 minutes 36 deg. F. Fall in 14 min., 26 deg. F. Upon placing other nests in hot and cold water, the following changes took place : EGG NEST G. Temperature at start 68 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 112 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 114 deg. F. Water temperature at start 148 deg. F. Water temperature at end of 10 minutes 114 deg. F. Vol. XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 281 EGG NEST H. Temperature at start 68 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 1 16 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 130 deg. F. Water temperature at start 168 deg. F. Water temperature at end of 10 minutes 130 deg. F. EGG NEST I. Temperature at start 75 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 62 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 59 deg. F. \\ ater temperature at start 55 deg. F. Water temperature at end of 10 minutes 59 deg. F. EGG NEST J. Temperature at start 74 deg. F. Temperature at end of 5 minutes 68 deg. F. Temperature at end of 10 minutes 63 deg. F. Water temperature at start 54 deg. F. W'ater temperature at end of 10 minutes 56 deg. F. » In water the temperature rose 46 deg. F. and 62 deg. F. in 10 minutes, and in air 96 deg. F. in 12 minutes. In water the temperature fell 16 deg. F and n deg. F. in 10 minutes and in air 26 deg. F. in 15 minutes. Even though conditions were imperfect, the tables show that the eggs are not subjected to sudden changes of tem- perature. Nests which were entirely immersed in water for 1 24 hours, showed interiors perfectly dry. At the end of two hours, however, the porous rind became somewhat moist, but the water had not reached the core. This porous rind, in practically all nests, varied from two to seven millimeters in width, with an average of 5.6 mm. Fifteen nests, cut transversely in half, showed the follow- ing measurements. Width of Core. Width of rind on each side. 12 mm 7 mm ii " 6 " 13 " 6 " 12 7 13 " 7 M " 6 282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 12 " ........................................ 5 " 12 " ...................................... | " 5 » 12 " ............................................ 4 " 12 " ......................................... 2 " .......... 10 " ......................................... 6 " 13 " ......................................... 6 " 12 " ......................................... 6 " 12 ......................................... 6 " Twelve nests were weighed, then the cores and rinds sep- arated and weighed by themselves. The table below gives these results. Nest Weight Weight of core Weight of rind 1 1.85 grams 1.47 grams .38 grams 2 1.76 grams 1.44 grams .32 grams 3 1. 80 grams 1.54 grams .26 grams 4 1.31 grams 1.06 grams .25 grams 5 1.65 grams 1.46 grams .19 grams 6 2.15 grams 1.78 grams .37 grams 7 1.82 grams 1.40 grams .42 grams 8 1.40 grams 1.14 grams .26 grams 9 1.50 grams 1.18 grams .32 grams 10 i.io grams 0.90 grams .20 grams 11 . 1.82 grams 1.55 grams .27 grams 12 1.49 grams 1.20 grams .29 grams The average weight of a nest was 1.63 grams, of a core 1.34 grams and of a rind .29 grams, showing that 5-6 of the total weight consists of the core containing- the eggs, the re- maining sixth, of the porous, protecting rind. Coming to the number of eggs in a core, these are arranged in from 12 to 18 layers, each containing an average of 15 eggs, making a total average of 225 eggs in each. In Vol. XXIV, No. 9, p. 431 of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Mr. Laurent records the hatching of 150 nymphs from a small nest and 300 from a large one. A fascinating account of the habits of these insects and the construction of the nests can be found in Social "Life in the Insect World," by J. H. Fabre. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1914. Prevention of Insect-borne Diseases in the Army in Mexico. An Associated Press despatch to the daily newspapers, dated Vera Cruz, Mexico, May 7, 1914, states that Surgeon G. M. Guiteras, medical officer of that port under the American occu- pation, has planned a campaign against flies in order to safe- guard the public and the army against typhoid fever. Dr. L. O. Howard, in his book The House Fly — Disease Carrier, sums up the ravages of typhoid in the American army during the Spanish War of 1898 as follows : Every regiment in the United States service developed typhoid fever All encampments located in the Northern as well as in the Southern States exhibited typhoid in epidemic form Infected water was not an important factor in the spread of typhoid in the national encampments of 1898, but about one-fifth of the soldiers in the national encampments in the United States during that summer developed this disease, while more than eighty per cent, of the total deaths were caused by typhoid. (Pp. 118, 119). [And quoting from the report of the Army Typhoid Commission:] "Flies undoubtedly served as carriers of the infection." (P. 117). Entomologists look to the American Army to make a much better showing in its Mexican experience. It is to be hoped that, whatever that showing may be, it will not be without im- portant effect on the community at large in causing the non- entomological public to realize the influence of insects on human health. — •• — Smicra mariae Riley (Hym.) On May 3, 1900, a number of individuals of this species were reared from the cocoons of the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephcmeraeformis Haworth, taken at Annapolis, Maryland; also May 4, 1901. — A. A. GlRAULT. Epargyreus tityrus Fabricius in Maryland (Lepid.) This common butterfly was very common on the wing in Anne Arundel County the first two weeks in August, 1900. They seemed to have gone by the last of the month since it was noted on August 26 that none could be found (Baltimore County). I am indebted to Dr. Henry Skinner for its identification. — A. A. GIRAUI.T. 283 284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Corrections in Phytophaga (Coleop.). Asphaera apicalis Jac. P. Z. S., 1905, p. 411, should be changed to variabilis; the name having been previously used by him for a Braz- ilian form P. Z. S., 1879, p. 442. Asphaera marginata Jac. (type in my coll.) is a Nephrica. — FRED. C. BOWDITCH, Boston, Mass. Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 1 — Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 7 — U. S. Department of Agricul- ture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 13 — Comptes Rendus, Societe de Biologic, Paris. 22 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 36 — Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 74 — Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin. 79 — -La Nature, Paris. 84 — Entomologische Rundschau. 89 — Zoo- logische Jahrbucher. 119 — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. 153 — Bul- letin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 164— Science Bulletin, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 179 — Journal of Economic Entomology. 180 — Annals, Entomological Society of America. 189 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 216 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 244— Zeitschrift, Induktive Abstammungs uncl Vererbungslehre, Berlin. 254 — Archives de Parasitologie, Paris. 281 — Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, University of Liverpool, Series T. M. 284 — Bulletin, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Reunion Mensuelle des Naturalistes du Museum, Paris. 285 — Nature Study Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 285 Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 286 — Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomic und Entwicklungsgeschichte, Bonn. 313 — Bulletin of Entomologi- cal Research, London. 359 — Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Xew Haven. 369 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin- Dahlem. 447 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 451 — U. S. War Department, Office of the Surgeon General, Wash- ington, D. C. 462— The Butterfly Farmer, Truckee, Cal. 472— Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Charleston, S. C. 473 — Mesure d'un Arc de Meridien equatorial en Amerique du Sud, Paris. GENERAL SUBJECT. Brebion, A.— Utilisation des insectes en Indochine, 284, 1913, 277-281. Crampton, G. C. — The ground plan of a typical thoracic segment in winged insects, 22, xliv, 56-67. Fernald, H. T. — Notes on some old European collections, 180, vii, 89-93. Hansel, S. — Begriff und wesen der metamorphose der in- sekten, 74, xii, 241-46. Hosford, R. C. — Segmentation of the head of insects, 164, viii, 65-72. Howard, L. O. — Report on parasites, 180, vii. S6-8. Hunter, S. J. — -Department of entomology of the University of Kansas. Historical account. (Insect types and co- types in the Entomological Museum.) 164, viii, 1-61. Lampe, Ed. — Verzeichnis der entomologischen schriften des Arnold Pagen- stecher, 216, xxviii, 9-10. O'Kane, W. C. — Further experience with an insectary, 179, vii, 181-:!. Peairs, L. M. — The relation of tem- perature to insect development. 179, vii, 174-81. Reuter, O. M. — Lebensgewohnheiten und instinkte der insekten bis zum erwachen der sozialen instinkte. Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, 1913, 448 pp. Shelford, V. E. — The use of atmometers to measure evapora- tion in the study of insects. The importance of the measure of evaporation in economic studies of insects, 179, v, 229-33, 249. Weiss, H. B. — Notes on three imported insects occurring in N. J., 179, v, 250-1. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Berland, L.— Araignees, 473, x, 79-11'.). Borini, A.— Pseudo-appendicite da Ascaridi, 254, xvi, 42S-31. Hal- ler, B. — -Dtas zweite fachertracheenpaar der mygalomorphen spin- ncii, 286, Ixxxiv, -138-45. Heath, E. F. — A phalangid drinks milk, 4, I'.M I, i :_•(). Laurens, G. — Corps etranger des fosses nasales ex- pulsion de myriapodcs, 254, xvi, 434-7. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Fernald & Bourne— Notes on the onion thrips and the onion maggot, 179, v. I'.ni-'.'oo. Hilton, W. A. — The central nervous system of Aphorura, 189, v. 37-42. Houser, J. S. — Conwentzia hageni. Life history notes and varia- tions in wing venation, 180, vii, 73-6. Merle, R. — Les mouches aux yeux d'or, 79, xlii, 305-7. 286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 Bacon, G. — Two n. sps. of Collembola from the mountains of Southern California, 189, v, 43-G. Longin Navas, R. P. — Neurop- teres, 473, x, 69-78. ORTHOPTERA. Gerhardt, U.— Copulation und spermatopho- ren von Grylliden und Locustiden. — II, 89, xxxvii, Abt. f. Syst., 1-64. McConnell, E. — Some remarks on the abdominal air sacs of Stenopelmatus, 189, v, 47-9. Toedtmann, W. — Die spermatozoen von Blatta germanica, 119, 1913, A, 11, 179-85. Borelli, A. — Dermapteres, 473, x, 63-8. Chopard, L. — Gryllidae, 473, x, 45-52. Hancock, J. L.— Tetriginae, 473, x, 53-6. Rehn & Hebard — A study of the species of the genus Dichopetala (Tetti- gonidae), 1, 1914, 64-160. Shelford, R. — Blattides, Mantides et Phasmides, 473, x, 57-62. HEMIPTERA. Branch, H. E.— Morphology and biology of the membracidae of Kansas, 164, viii, 75-115. Childs, L. — The anatomy of the Diaspinine scale insect Epidiaspis piricola, 180, vii, 47-60. Moore, W. — A comparison of natural control of Toxoptera gra- mimim in So. Africa and the U. S., 180, vii, 77-85. Savage, R, E.— The respiratory system of Monophlebus stebbingi, var. octocau- data, 313, v, 45-7. King, G. B. — The genus Pseudokermes in Montana, 179, v, 246-7. Urich, F. W. — Description of a new frog-hopper from Br. Guiana, 313, v, 4:;. Whitney, B. B. — A new California coccid in- festing manzanita, 189, v, 50-2. LEPIDOPTERA. Fassl, A. H.— Tropische reisen, 84, xxxi, 35-8. Goldschmidt & Poppelbaum — Erblichkeitsstudien an schmetter- lingen, II, 244, xi, 280-316. Hanham, A. W. — Sunflowers as a lure for the Plusiidae, 4, 1914, 145-7. Herrick, G. W. — The oviposition of two apple pests (Xylina antennata, Ypsolophus pometellus), 179, vii, 189-92. Lillie, F. E. — The ways of Monarch butterflies, 285, x, 132-6. Paddock, F. B.— Observations on the bee-moth (Galleria mellonella), 179, vii, 183-8. Poppelbaum, H. — Studien an gynandromorphen schmetterlingsbastarden aus der kreuzung von Lymantria dispar. mit japonica, 244, xi, 317-54. Reiff, W. — How to tell sex of pupae, 462, i, i:;~. Sharpe, J. — Preliminary list of but- terflies of the vicinity of Charleston, S. C, 472, x, 33-6 (cont.). Windhorst, F. — Falter mit drei fuhlern, 216, xxviii, 3. Gibson, A. — A new destructive cutworm of the genus Parosa- grotis, occurring in western Canada, 179, v, 201-3. Rosenberg & Talbot — New South Am. butterflies, 36, 1913, 671-82. Sosnosky, T. von — Exotische falterpracht: 56 exotische schmetterlinge in Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 287 ihren originalfarben. Verlag Seemann in Leipzig, 1914, 6 plates. Wagner, H. — Lepidopterorum catalogus, Pars 18: Sphingidae: Sub- fam. Ambulicinae, Sesiinae, 220 pp. Williams, F. X. — Notes on three Sesidae affecting the "Missouri Gourd" in Kansas, 164, viii, 217-20. DIPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Dermatobia in Guatemala, 9, 1914, 131. Emery, W. T.— The morphology and biology of Simu- lium vittatum, 164, viii, 323-362. Graham-Smith, C. S.— Flies in relation to disease. Non-bloodsttcking flies. Cambridge: 1913, 292 pp. Guyenot, E. — Premiers essais de determination d'un milieu nutritif artificiel pour 1'elevage d'une mouche, Drosophila ampelo- phila, 13, Ixxvi, 548-50. Hungerford, H. B. — Anatomy of Simu- liuni vittatum, 164, viii, 365-82. Hunter, S. J. — University experi- ment with sand fly and Pellagra, 164, viii. 313-20. Lloyd, L. — Note on scratching birds and tsetse-fly, 281, viii, 83. Further notes on the bionomics of Glossina morsitans in northern Rhodesia, 313, v, 49-60. Phillips, W. J. — Cornleaf blotch miner (Agromyza parvi- cornis), 447, ii, 15-31. Zetek, J. — Dispersal of Musca domestica, 180, vii, 70-2. Cockerell, T. D. A. — The fossil and recent Bombyliidae com- pared, 153, xxxiii, 229-36. Emery, W. T. — (See above.) Ender- lein, G. — Zur kenntnis der Stratiomyiiden . . . Familien: Herme- tiinae, Clitellariinae, 22, xliv, 1-25. Greene, C. T. — The cambium miner in river birch (Agromyza pruinosa), 447, i, 471-4. Hendel, F. — Neue beitrage zur kenntnis der Pyrgotinen, 119, 1913, A, 11, 77- 117. Ludlow, C. S. — Disease-bearing mosquitoes of North and Central America, the West Indies, and the Philippine Islands, 451, Bui. 4, 96 pp. Malloch, J. R. — A synopsis of the genera in Chloropidae, for No. America, 4, 1914, 113-20. American black flies or buffalo gnats, 7, Tech. Ser., No. 26. Speiser, P. — Fin neues beispiel vicariierender dipteren artcn in Nordamerika und Europa, 22, xliv, 91-4. COLEOPTERA. Brass, P.— Das 10. Abdominalsegment der kaeferlarven als bewegungsorgan, 89, xx.xvii, Abt. f. Syst., 65-122. Essig, E. O. — Scutellista cyanea bred from Phenacoccus artemisiae, 189, v, ;"."». Lebedew, A. — Ueber die als sericterien funktionieren- den malpighischen gefass der Phytonomus larven, 22, xliv, 49-56. Merrill, D. E. — A coleopterous larva predaceous on codling moth larvae, 179, v, 251-2. Britton, W. E. — Some common lady beetles of Connecticut, 359, Bui. 181. Champion, G. C. — Notes on various Central Am. C.: supplement, 36, 1913, 667-70. Horn, W. — 50 neue Cicindelinae, 288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '14 119, 1913, A, 11. 1-33. Pic, M.— Un Heteromere de Bolivie, 284, 1913, 79-80. Schmidt, A. — Erster versuch einer einteilung der exo- tischen Aphodien in subgenera und als anhang einige neubeschrei- bungen, 119, 1913, A, 11, 117-178. HYMENOPTERA. Leonard, P.— A marvel of motherhood: a record of observations of the founding of a colony of honey-ants (Myrmecocystus mexicana). [The Theosophical Path, Point Loma, Calif., vi, 225-32]. Loth, N.— Tenth rediniden-studien. (Aus dem zoologischen u. vergleichend. anatom. Institute, Bonn). 119, 1913, A, 12, 60-76. Strand, E. — Ein nordamerikanisch.es Eumeniden-nest nebst descriptiven bemerkungen ueber die zugehorigen wespen, 369, iii, 116-18. Variables, E. P. — A note upon the food habits of adult Tenthredinidae, 4, 1914, 121. Andre, E. — Mutillides avec une note sur le genre Knowiella, 473, x, 1-4. Bradley, J. C. — The Siricidae of North Am., 189, v, 1-35. Buysson, R, du — Scoliides, Chrysidides, Vespides, Eume- nides, 473, x, 5-12. Cockerell, T. D. A. — New and little known bees, 9, 1914, 114-19. Descriptions and records of bees. — LVIII, 11, xiii, 424-33. Isely, D. — The biology of some Kansas Eumenidae, 164, viii, 235-309. McColloch & Yuasa — A parasite of the chinchbug egg, 179, v, 219-27. Meade-Waldo, G. — Notes on the Apidae in the collection of the British Museum, 11, xiii, 399-405. Perkins, R. C. L. — On the hymenopterous genera Trichogramma and Pen- tarthron, 36, 1913, 603-5. Santschi, Dr. — Formicides, 473, x, 33-44. Strand, E. — Tenthredinides, Pompilides, Crabronides, Apides, 473, x, 13-32. Triggerson, C. J. — A study of Dryophanta erinacei and its gall, 180, vii, 1-46. Williams, F. X.— Notes on the habits of some solitary wasps that occur in Kansas, with description of a n. sp. The Larridae of Kansas, 164, viii, 121-213, 223-30. OBITUARY. DR. JAKOB HUBER, Director of the Museu Gocldi, Belem de Para, Brazil, died on February 18, in his forty-sixth year. JOHN A. GROSSBECK, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, formerly of the New Jersey Agricul- tural Experiment Station under the late Prof. John B. Smith, well-known for his work on North American Geometridae, died in Barbados, British West Indies, on April 8. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey, February 2, 1883. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CABINETS FOR SCHMITT BOXES I METAL INSECT BOX WOOD INSECT BOX These o;il>iiu*ts have a specially consti noted groove or trough around the front, lined with a material of our1 own design, which is adjustable to the pressure of the front cover. The cover, when in place, is made fast hy spring wire locks or clasps, causing H constant pressure on Che lining it) the groove. The cabinets, in addi ion to heing abso- lutely dust, moth and derniestes proof, is impervious to fire, smoke, water and atmos- pheric changes Obviously, these cabinets are far superior to any consti ucted of non- metallic material. The interior is made of metal, with upright partition in center. On the sides are metal supports to hold 28 boxes. The regular size is 42i in. high, i:> in. deep, 1- in. wide, inside dimensions; usually enameled green outside. For details of Dr. Skin- ner's construction of this cabinet, see Entomological News, Vol. XV, page 177. METAL IXSECT BOX has all the essential merits of the cabinet, having a groove, clasps, etc. Bottom inside line'd with cork ; the outside enameled any colnr ill sired. The regular dimensions, outside, are 9x 13x2!. in. deep, but can be furnished any size. \\iiOl) INSECT KOX.—\Ve do not assert that this wooden box has all the quali- ties of the metal box. especially in regard to safety from smoke, lire, water and damp- ness, but the chemically prepared material fastened to the under edge of the lid makes a box, we think, superior to any other wood insect box. The bottom is cork lined. Outside varnished. For catalogue and prices inquire of BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. When Writing Please Mention " Kntomnlogical New*.' K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 4Q4-4IO W. 27th St., New York North American and Kxotic Insects of all orders in perfect condition Ktitomological Supplies Catalogue gratis IN'SKCT BOXES— We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. NS/3oSs-Piain Box-s for Duplicates— Pasteboard boxes, com- pressed turf lined with plain pasteboard covers, cloth hinged, for shipping specimens or keeping duplicates. These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more carefully made than the ones usually found in the market. Size 10x151/2 i" Each $0.26 NS/3085 Size SxioJ^ in Each .15' NS/3ogi — Lepidoptera Box improved museum style), of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with white glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton. Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed turf (peat). Per dozen 5.00 Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. Per dozen 6.00 Caution: — Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address NS/iooi in corner of cover. ( For exhibition purposes) NS/3I2I— K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8x11x2% in. (or to order, 8%x.ioVxa% in.) $0.70 Size 12x16x2% in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1 .20 Size 14x22x2X1 in. (or to order, 14x22x2^ in.) 2.00 . Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. 6. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y. PARIS EXPOSITION : JBB^JSl^Hfe PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Eight Awards and Medals iyW\i Spp Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION : Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. le specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration, dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE— Papillo columbus (gundlachlanus), the brightest colored American Papillo, very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each ; second quality $1.00 each. Wh«i» Writing Please Mention "Entomological News." P. C. Stockhausen Printer, 53-55 N. 7th Street, Philadelphia. JULY, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. 7. J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZKA T. CRESSON. J. A. G. REHN. PHII.IP LAURENT, ERICH DAECKE. H. W. WENZEL. PHILADELPHIA : THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2.OO IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $1.90 IN ADVANCE. SINGLE COPIES 25 CENTS Advertising Rates: Per inch, full width of page, single insertion, $1.00 ; a dis- count of ten per cent, on insertions of five months or over. No advertise- ment taken for less than |i.oo — Cash in advance. remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions, non-receipt of the NEWS or of reprints, and requests for sample copies, should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. All Checks and Money Orders to be made paya- ble to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. igfAddress all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, 4515 Regent Street, Philadelphia, Pa., from September isth to June i5th, or at the Academy of Natural Sciences from June isth to September i5th. Bgr-PLEASE NOTICE that, beginning with the number for January, 1914, the NEWS will be mailed only to those who have paid their subscriptions. The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it necessary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates : Each printed page or fraction thereof, twenty-five copies, 15 cents ; each half tone plate, twenty-five copies, 20 cents ; each plate of line cuts, twenty- five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. 1,000 PIN LABELS 25 CENTS! At Your Risk. (Add \Qf for Registry or Checks) Limit : 25 Characters : 3 Blank or Printed Lines ( 12 Characters in Length.) Additional Characters ic. per 1.000. In Multiples of l.UOUonly : on Heaviest White Ledger Paper---No Border---4-Point Type-— About 25 on a Strip---No Trim- ming:---One Cut Makes a Label. SEND ME ORDER WITH COPY. FOR ANY KIND OP ARTISTIC PRINTING LARGE oit SMALL. INDEX CAKDS, MAPS. SEX-MARKS. LABELS FOR MINERALS. PLANTS. EGGS Etc. IF QUANTITY IS RIGHT. PRICE IS SURE TO BE. C. V. BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET. STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate XII. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. JULY, 1914. No. 7. CONTENTS: Skinner— Dr. J. Brackenridge Clemens 289 Quayle, Barber— Changes of Address.. 292 Rehn and Hebard— A New Species of True Katydid from Western Texas (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae) 291 Diptera at High Altitudes 295 Girault— Standards of the Number of Eggs laid by Insects (Orthop.) — XI 296 Nakahara— A new Dilar species from Japan (Neur. Plan. ) 297 Wilson— A New Sugar Cane Aphis (Hemip., Homop.) 298 Bethune-Baker — Monogiaph of the Chrysophanids ( Lepid.) -. . 299 Haskin— Butterfly Collecting in Mo- jave County, Arizona (Lep.) 300 Malloch— Notes on North American Agromyzidae (Dipt.) 308 Lovell— The Origin of Oligotropism (Hymen. ) 314 Girault— A Locustid Laying Eggs ( Orthop. ) 321 Comstock Memorial Library Fund . . - 321 Proposed Monument to J. Henri Fabre 321 Editorial — What is a Species? 322 Cresson— More Nomenclatorial Notes on Trypetidae (Dipt.) 323 Barnes and McDunnough, Skinner— A Note on Argynnis laurenti (Lep.).. 323 A Jubilee 3*5 Skinner— Colias eurytheme Boisd. and its varieties (Lepid.) 325 Cockerell— Suggestions for the Biblio- graphical Dictionary of Entomolo- gists 325 Skinner— Notes on Lycaena xerces.an- tiacis and polyphemus ( Lep. ) 326 Huguenin — Observations on an Insec- tivorous Larva ( Lep. ) 327 Hancock— Some Corrections in Names of So. American Tetriginae (Orth.) 328 Entomological Literature 329 Skinner— Review of Patton & Cragg's Medical Entomology 333 Doings of Societies— Feldman Collect- ing Social ( Col. ) 334 Obituary— Dr. Carl Chun 3?5 Mr. Frank E. Moeser 335 " Mr. and Mrs. H H. Lyman 335 Dr. J. Brackenridge Clemens. By HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D. (Portrait, Plate XII.) Doctor Clemens was born in Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia), in 1829 or 1830, son of James Walton Clemens, M.D., and Elinor Sherrard. His father attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania in 1823-24. The subject of our sketch attended the Virginia Military Institute for three years previous to entering the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, where he was graduated from the Medical De- partment in the class of 1849, but he did not actively practice his profession. In 1850 he married Susan Burke Wagener. daughter of David D. Wagener, of Easton, Pennsylvania, who was a congressman from 1838 to 1841. Four children were the result of this marriage: Alary Wagener Clemens, Harold Clemens. James B. Clemens, M.D. (University Penna., 1883), and Maurice Clemens. The Practical Entomologist, a journal 289 2QO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ' 14 published by the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, con- tains the following (Vol. 2, page 58, 1867) : Died of typhoid fever on January n, 1867, Dr. Brackenridge Clem- ens, of Easton, Pennsylvania. It was only the middle of December when he was at the hall of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, looking as hale and hearty as ever. He was an excellent entomologist, with good, sound, general views, and had devoted his especial atten- tion to the Lepidoptera (moths) of this country. Readers of The Practical Entomologist will recall his name as having been more than once quoted as authority in Answers to Correspondents. April ii, 1859, he was elected a Corresponding Member of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. When he died the Society adopted suitable resolutions expressive of its appre- ciation of his intellectual attainments and of the high literary and scientific character of his work, and that the Society "has lost one whose ability was great, and the acuteness of whose mind was large, capable of searching to the greatest depths. and bring-ing therefrom the long sought knowledge." He was buried at Easton, Pennsylvania. The distinguished English entomologist, the late H. T. Stainton, F. R. S., Secretary of the Linnaean Society of Lon- don, was so impressed by the value of Clemens' writings on the Microlepidoptera that he republished them in book form. The title of this work is "The Tineina of North America, by (the late) Dr. Brackenridge Clemens (being a collected edition of his writings on that group of insects. London : John Van Voorst, Paternoster Row. 1872." Stainton says: "Little did I think when I received his first letter in 1857, two years before he became an author, that his career was to be so brilliant and so short. I had for some years contemplated putting together such an arrangement of his writings as would enable those who were previ- ously unacquainted with them to profit by his remarks on the habits of new genera, genera with which we in Europe were unacquainted." In the years 1857 to 1860, Stainton received nine letters from Dr. Clemens and published them in the above mentioned work. They are very interesting and show Clemens to have been a man of unusual culture, education and refinement, and a keen naturalist. Lie was first attracted to the subject of natural history from the aesthetic standpoint, for he says : Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2QI "I have devoted my attention almost exclusively to Lepidoptera— why, I do not know, unless I was first attracted by their beautiful colorings."* "The field of observation here is almost unlimited, poorly cultivated and abounding in the most interesting, beautiful and unde- scribed rarities." In his first letter he says: "Should I not, even at the risk of being egotistical, give you some introduction to myself? I am yet young, as you have perhaps conjectured, a physician by edu- cation and profession, and a graduate of the University of Pennsyl- vania; but here, I fear, my scientific qualifications to your regard must find an end. I stand merely on the shores of science, gazing on the immensity before me. And as I follow with my eyes the full- freighted intellects which, fanned by the wings of fame, sail over its placid waters in search of unknown truths, I am filled with doubts and the feelings of despair which arise from a consciousness of my own imperfections." Letter No. 4 says, in part: "I determined long since to form no collection for myself and freely gave away all speci- mens I have systematized. Such specimens as are new I add to the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, where anyone may find them." No. 6: "It is with feelings of some trepida- tion that I send by present post my first paper on Entomology. Need I say I shall be pleased to have your opinion on it? Do not hesitate to indicate that which you conceive to be objectionable or erroneous. I have honestly expressed the results of my own labors, regardless of the praise or disapprobation they may meet with, and confident that if my conceptions are truthful and accurate they will stand the tests of examination and discussion." Letter No. 9 (the last) was dated Easton, Pennsylvania, October 29, 1860, mentions the deaths of a lovely and accom- plished sister and his father-in-law, whom he greatly respected and loved. These letters show him to have been generous, loving, modest, fearless, and of poetic feeling. He was evi- dently inspired with the love of science and nature. It was a great pity that such an ardent and capable worker should have been the victim of what is now called "the crime of ty- phoid fever." In 1903, August Busck, an authority on Tineina, wrote as follows : * When Dr. Clemens was attracted to the micro-moths on account of their beauty he probably never imagined that they would become of economic importance. A number of his species attack crops and are very destructive. This is due to the fact that man has upset the balance of nature. Crambus caliginosellus Clem, is estimated to do $800,000 damage to tobacco in Virginia annually, and other species he described in this genus injure grasses, oats, corn, wheat and rye. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, '14 "Although a few stray species of American Tineina were described before 1859, that year really marks the beginning of the study of these insects in this country. During that and the following four years Dr. Brackenridge Clemens, of Easton, Pa., published a series of sys- tematic and biological articles which yet remain the most important contribution to our knowledge of American Tineina. These papers contain descriptions of thirty-one genera and about two hundred new species, together with notes on larval habits of many of them." The Clemens types were presented to the American Ento- mological Society by his widow in 1867. They were contained in boxes bound as books, in leather, and were labeled "Etudes Entomologiques, Clemens, Vol. I," etc. The specimens were pinned on small corks, gummed to glass, and >each cork had a printed number, these numbers corresponding with the names and numbers of a list. Studies of the collection made by Busck resulted in the identification of the types of all but eight of Clemens' two hundred species. Five of these eight have been identified with certainty from Clemens' descriptions, leaving only three species unknown at that time (1903). Stainton gives a list of seven papers published by Clemens in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and ten in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. He published an important paper in the Journal of the Academy, iv (2), 97, 1859, entitled "Synop- sis of the North American Sphingidae." This shows great ability and research and was the foundation for subsequent revisions of the American species. Much was thus accom- plished in a few years by this pioneer American Lepidopterist. whose brilliant career was ended in such a sad and unfortunate way. The non-entomological facts stated in this paper were sup- plied by Dr. James B. Clemens, of New York City, a son of Dr. Brackenridge Clemens, and by Dr. Ewing Jordan, of the University of Pennsylvania. Changes of Address. Kindly change my address from University of California, Berkeley, to Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California. — H. J. QUAYLE. Please address me at 644 Sixth St., N. E., Washington, D. C., in- stead of 703 East Capitol St. — HERBERT S. BARBER. Vol. xxv ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 293 A New Species of True Katydid from Western Texas (Orthoptera ; Tettigoniidae). By JAMES A. G. REHN and MORGAN HEBARD. Pterophylla excelsa new species. General appearance and form similar to P. camellifolia (Cyrtophyllus perspicillatus of authors) ; general form of pro- notum similar to that species but resembling that of Paracyr- tophyllns robustus in the caudal margin of the disk, which is subtruncate, and in the length of the same which is less than the greatest width ; ventral margins of lateral lobes of pronotum differ from all other North American species in being moderately oblique, declivent cephalad. Subgenital plate of males distinctive in form and reaching beyond the tips of the tegmina, but apparently showing a development of the type found in Paracyrtophyllus robust us. Cerci of male distinctive but showing nearest affinity to Lea flori- densis. Type. — Male; Moss Well, foot of Pulliam Bluff, Chisos Mountains, Texas. September 5-8, 1912. Elevation 4700- 5000 feet. (Rehn and Hebard.) [Hebard Collection.] Size and general form similar to camellifolia. Head larger and broader than in that species, with fastigium of the vertex more de- cidedly produced in a spine which projects distinctly beyond the plane of the face; face much flattened, with lateral margins distinctly denned in weak ridges, these ridges subobsolete dorsad; labrum dis- tinctly broader than in camellifolia. Pronotum similar to camellifolia in contour, transverse sulci and lateral canthi, but with length of disk less than greatest (caudal) width and with caudal margin subtrun- Fig. i.— Pterophylla excelsa n. sp.— Lateral outline of type, (x 2.) 294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '14 cate; lateral lobes with ventral margin moderately oblique, declivent cephalad with ventro-cephalic angle more broadly rounded than ventro- caudal angle, which is distinctly more ample, weakly obtuse-angulate. Tegmina much less ample than in camellifolia, with veinlets more regular and pronounced, stridulating area much as in that species. Wings almost as long as tegmina, by which they are wholly concealed. Limbs and armament of same as in camellifolia. Supra-anal plate somewhat longer than broad, sulcate meso-proximad, be- yond this portion moderately expanding, with distal margin subtruncate and moderately ser- rate. Cerci evenly rounded at base, then forking at a distance equal to the basal width and pro- duced in two very slender and little divergent spines which have an even inward curvature, the outer spine nearly twice as long as the inner (dorsal) spine. Subgenital plate nearly as long as the caudal femur; the heavy margins of the produced shaft forming a broad, deep mesal groove both dorsad and ventrad ; apical portion split, with the two parts distinct but attingent 11 . Sp. F'£- 2.— Cercus of male, distad, this portion directed dorsad at a very Fig. 3.— Ventral outline broad obtuse angle to the produced and hori- of subgenital plate of f i -t^ff. type. (X2>£.) >nait. Allotype. — Female ; Chisos Mountains, Texas. July, 1911. (H. A. Wenzel.) [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia.] Similar to the type, but larger. Supra-anal plate longer than broad, distal margin rotundato-truncate. Cerci long, nearly straight, termi- nating in a sharp tooth. Ovipositor similar to that of camellifolia. Subgenital plate nearly divided mesad into two very narrow apd trans- verse lateral lobes, leaving the base of the ovipositor exposed. Measurements (in millimeters). || width lotum °c a °l V "S'S •ZH «s .-J B. •32 30. (JO c ??