> ae = ae - . ° , ot ——“_ = ane + a a - naw , 4 en? gaee = ¢ . “ phone te oS a -* - . ~ Se « . ° a . m4 +s »* . . one e - ~ e - * - f - . « - oe _—-** . a ee) on * a7 : em © MT ain — be ae, f am. = _ Vor. ys f se »~ mes, Oi aa eee a gee, las gat 36 * —_ ——— Se Se lS =* ae ne nn lle ; ee om # + a oe or ae Presented to The Wibrary of the University of Coronto by E.M. Walker -) PROCEEDINGS r PHILADELPHIA. 7 VOLUME XXVI, 1916. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, Jx., Associate Editor. ____-HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc. D., Editor Emeritus. PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL Rooms oF Tue Acapemy oF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1915. Wee = The several numbers of the News for 1915 were mailed a\ delphia Post Office as follows: INO, TS JAnua ty susecesecsuvevecsccscdesdes December 3. oS Deo R ODER sans adasvasceaveis euineds January 30, $O SSM AROE Aci edesvnstsvatvosstseeias February 27 AS GIST susvbspeiaeiesvsne auseaber vee March 31 OY Sr MBY. 5 saisaysndacesde cateabsupsibars April 30 *S. Gm JAMO cdeiedsdsticrieaspoaeabebsledee May oe TNT A PEED Ai vadd covedsens behacvurwebvenbods June 30 i “8 B—Octobericicccaccacssi Acrvevensstbs September 30 © Q—NoOvem ber. .i...cssbeoresscvessease October 30 The date of mailing the December, 1915, number will be announced in the issue for January, 1916. 639388 30.7.86 } i ; PRESS OF P. C. STOCKHAUSEN PHILADELPHIA . f , a 4 Ent. News, Vor. XXVI. Plate I. ECOLOGY OF DRAGONFLY NYMPHS-—Lyon. _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION i a — OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. _JANUARY, 1915. No. 1. CONTEN: Ss: eae Bpslog: the Dragonty | Gir Gienet—Noten on Trichogrammatidee AC new Pers “from Cuba | wditorattitsis on Packing inseci ior >The Gimexen Amer. eee scr ot oe peesaoes %6 ee he on the Siricidae of mt Trt titi tit ttt 7 ene—Two Rare eeccceces ( ties seces Wasps er Wwheaed yn ° Ants ( syesen. ). OR a ahaa # | H.S—Review of Seits's Macrolepidop- 2 SS ee aoe ‘ pan lt “ie Socket ‘ioe com ao ote eeuteas e ) ugust Weismann hiibnanene “ Charles Sedgwick Minot .... 47 ee ee ee ee ee 1 SPSS SHEESH EEE Ree eee ee 2 Jt PTU LUE Eee eee eee eee eee ee ee eee 3 OS Pe 4 ht Tin eSee vo whas Me dcabuy iccke'scesce 7 EI oBe bactiacehesgde cece ceceonbaccce iu EEN oc cc cecccccccveccce DP PsEEEGawe dbs ssecccess 14 7, ‘< ays » # Th any on which this paper is based includes observa- s on the nymphs of dragonflies occurring in a limited part | or Cascailla Creek near the Cornell University Campus. a OR epresentatives of most of the families of this group are found *Contribution from the Limnological Laboratory of the Department of peopcey | in Cornell University. 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 there. The distribution of the nymphs in the stream bed and in the submerged vegetation has been studied, and is reported on in the following pages. The epiphytes and epizoa attached to the skin of the nymphs have been studied and are here listed for the first time. A whole population of epiphytes consisting of diatoms and other algae, and of epizoa, num- bering some Protozoa and other microscopic forms, live habit- ually upon the backs of members of all families. Special attention has been given to food, which consists of almost any animal small enough for the nymph to hold. It varies, there- fore, much in character and abundance according to the sea- son. Chironomids and the young Odonate nymphs are always at hand; mayfly nymphs most of the time, and other forms only at certain seasons. Finally, some experiments to deter- mine the protective value of water weeds as shelter for the nymphs are here recorded. This study was suggested by Prof. James G. Needham, to whom it gives me sincere pleasure to express my gratitude for his kindly advice and criticism. Tue Aguatic SITUATION. Along the southern border of the Cornell University Cam- | pus, Cascadilla Creek flows swiftly over a bed of rocks and gravel, falls two or three feet over shelving rocks and then divides. One branch soon widens out into a broad sluggish basin and the narrow part of the stream dries up except during the spring and fall overflows. In the summer there is no noticeable current and the basin is then known as Cascadilla Pond. The other branch flows rapidly over a bed of pebbles and gravel for a short distance and then quiets down before joining with the first branch to form Dwyer’s Pond. The grassy meadow shut in by steep slopes on the north and west and traversed by these two branches of the creek, whose banks are partially shaded by trees, is an ideal home for the imagos; while the waters, swift or quiet, with beds of gravel and mud supply the diversity required by the nymphs. (Plate I, Fig. 1.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 __-—s.séDsrrisution or tHe Nympus. the habit already on récord some general observations on “ge of dragonflies, as in Needham and Hart, ’or, and ir distribution in relation to the velocity of water (Need- 02). In this paper some further ecological notes are foe the distribution of 30 species, comprising the donate a is re- SUM iiter forms are few. ‘The damect-fty, Argia putride, found under the stones in the swift water above the branch- g of f the creek, and the dragonfly, Cordulegaster diastatops, eae gravel. The latter, covered with sand and with s and caudal respiratory opening arched to the surface, y waiting for their prey to come within reach of their it are provided with two strong claws on each leg oh h they are able to crawl over the bottom. The flat, wling Ophiogomphus lies in the gravel a little farther «2g rear where the water flows less rapidly. Everywhere at the edges of the current the damsel fly, Calopteryx macu- ari g aloft the three caudal gill plates. In this position they } ea haps see their prey more readily as it moves by or is past by the current. Hetaerina americana is also found the weeds in rapid water, the imago appearing in the field = 6th for the first time. Quiet water forms are more numerous. Large numbers of ‘omphus descriptus, G. spicatus, G. villosipes and G. sordidus rin the soft mud of the sluggish part of the stream and pa aly near the head of the pond. A net swept through | is along the edge of the pond will occasionally catch it seems at first a very dark, almost black leaf, but which a ar examination proves to be the thinnest, broadest and - most grotesque of all the nymphs, Hagenius brevistylus. Be- these there are little short “masked” Libellulids which tie half buried in the mud or crawl about over the bottom of the pond or on the Elodea or other water weeds close to it. Libellula pulchella, Leucorhinia intacta, Plathemis lydia and | Pachydipls longipennis are all represented in this group. re ay . 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., ’15 The Aeshnines and Agrionines climb about on the weeds in the pond or occasionally at the edges of the stream. Of the Aeshnines Basiaeschna janata, Aeshna constricta and Anax junius are fairly common. Among the Agrionines, Argia violacea is common, while Chromagrion conditum and Amphi- agrion saucium are more rare. Lestes rectangularis is quite rare. IJschnura verticalis is exceedingly common and Neha- lennia irene equal in numbers to the more abundant species of Enallagma, which is represented by E. antennatum, E. diva- gans, E, doubledayi, E. ebrium, E. exsulans, E haga and E. signatum. There is evidently a seasonal change in the location of the nymphs, at least of those of damsel flies. In the fall, Ani- soptera and Zygoptera were abundant in the masses of weeds in midstream, but there were none to be obtained there in the springtime when they were numerous along the edges. During the summer these forms oviposited mostly upon the weeds or algal mats out in the stream. It is evident from this that the eggs hatch and the nymphs remain in the stream until the fall rains make the current too strong, whereupon they move into the edges of the current and then downstream. II. Eprepuytes AND EPpIzoa. The census of the population which settles upon the backs of odonate nymphs forms an interesting record. ‘Twenty-six nymphs varying in size from 15 to 36 mm. were taken from Cascadilla Pond between April 24 and June 20. They were scraped with a tiny scalpel, the scrapings mounted in water 8n a slide and studied under the microscope. Diatoms, green and blue-green algae and a variety of protozoa and other micro- scopic invertebrates were found. (See page 5.) Diatoms.—Besides the 19 species of diatoms recorded, there were several species of Navicula and Synedra which were not identified. These two groups were present almost constantly and in abundance, while Gomphonema on its long stalks and Encyonema in its gelatinous ribbon were frequently present and often exceedingly abundant, Nitzschia sigmoidea was very EPIPHYTES EPIZOA : CYANo- DiaToms : CHLOROPHYCEAER PHYCKAR g 2 Nymph toria jum toa lata Suctoria closira Navicula Amphora Gompbonema ‘Tabellaria Dhatoma Synedra Ocedogonium Ulothrix iM Oscillator M Beggia Ciliata Kotatoria Nematoda Oligochacta Crustacea ee ad a ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS —— § WNBsENEES Eons AESHNINAE Basiaeschna janata ......|..).. ” “ eeeeeeloelealon eeeeeelenlen wal eeeweelee * C7 se eeeereloeleeion ac: — a x ve - eeeeeelewles xv Anax Junlus,.......ccceee soles x eels oeeeee veleelee mY “* . sed eee e eee eee De elae x . ** eel Rhee “~~. * ths eeleelee = vf eelee eeleere rie AeBOA 60 6 ccc cecececccene eles Vv = eeleelee eelee eeleeleelee a) ed ee * " sc cdUPbcdeboesesce Ries x x zi eolec] BB fee . Re xc seles 1/8}. 1). “ aeceweeeereneeeelesicn! zi.. eolee] BB hee . eles BR | Blevieo] = Bh. ae of. «]- + wwe os 6 © *e e * © : _ _eeee - &.& - &— & @ sre @ @ —— — Dies Oe cm ee “aneE 0,4 -a * *e. & . ** * we *e * © _ i HweMRM > rr © « Meee > _ MMMM > Mss: ~ ~ Gomphus...+++++eeeeeeeee ™ — bP oe * ue . ” x. eel B feelectectes . Owe eee eee eee eee Bie. x x zi.. ** mi eeeeeelea Cee eeeleeleelioe x eelee x “* coke **le « . se wereeereeseeeeseels [oe) ME] B).. Ree WD fecleceeseleciee] RL RM fooled x}.. ooh D}e of of A]. be eee ee eee eee eee le elee x Bie weleeleaele* — BR ceeeee eeleelealeerrte eelee efe ef* She efe + LIBELLULINAE sit Plathemis lydia.......+++ eelee Vv selee seleclenleeere: lew . welentee, BM Peclecleelee 2 ; «he ede ” ey weer eewweeleelee x Bl vclenleclealeeleeeecelen eeeeeeles calealeeeeleeleetoelee “* + ale ele Pachydiplax longipennis .. - x sal eel Biewleceweelee . selectes] & weleelee I fe ofe obs of of> sg ~ eelee xv Blee *“* ** xcu es . ele x = eheelee 2}.. 1 1 * le Leucorhinia intacta...... soles) V selecleeleelealeeleeweerlen — - weleeerlealeeteetes rd ¢ I}.. * s wesce fosies] & wales eelewleeleewere s selectee] BM jeclesiecios 1 “* i Oi a a bea eesee-lecles| MM}. eeleelee — 5 . eerlee ee «1 | * *he «le ’ Phy 3 meee . RV ie. Le le s s eo} & Jeclecte- 1...) I}. .}. with mY i. Sa . _ Sey . | =e o x oo Lb ole of A}. «1. — > . eae -« ‘ > a i 3 be Pe —— - jie, iy uF ‘a ' is . j i. Q 7 = tm ° ele a ae a i Ga ° os i a a ee Cy *| . oe ss 2» cSce4oereacn~ ._.* 6 «* s+ ** . Sisense= uane a 6 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS [Jan., 15 abundant but was not found at all upon damsel-fly nymphs. With this exception the more common forms seemed to be generally distributed among the families, regardless of the difference in the habitat of the nymphs. OrHER ALGAE Oecedogonium, Oscillatoria and Beggiatoa were common; other forms appearing occasionally in scattered filaments. The nymphs which climb about just above the bot- tom made an ideal dwelling place for Beggiatoa. RuizopopA.—Rhizopoda are represented by Amoeba lobosa and Difflugia. Ciriata.—Because of the greater number of sessile forms the ciliates were far more numerous than any other group of animals. Epistylus plicatilis, E. nympharum and Vorticella became exceedingly abundant as the season advanced. Late in June some Enallagmas were almost completely covered with them, even the antennae bearing great white clusters. Vaginicola and Cothurmia are also sessile forms. Paramoecium and Euplotes appeared a few times. FLAGELLATA.—Euglena viridis and Euglena deses, Phacus pleuronectes, Anisonema acinus and Peranema tricophorus compose the list of flagellates. Sucrorta.—The Suctorians, Podophyra quadripartita and Acineta tuberosa were found only on Gomphines and Libel- lulids, but on these in great abundance. RotiFERA included Floscularia, Notholca, Monura, Philo- dina. Chaetonotus and two undetermined rotifera, Anguillula, an oligochaete worm and an ostracod complete the list of ani- mals found in this population. The Zygoptera and some of the Aeshnines, especially Anaxr junius, which climb about more actively upon the weeds near the surface of the water, have the smallest number of plants and animals upon them. The Gomphines, which burrow be- neath the bottom, have relatively few as compared with the other nymphs which climb about on the weeds near the bot- tom or crawl over the mud. No parasites were found, but one Libellulid nymph was observed on which a Chironomid larva ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 ad s feasting on the diatoms about the d or of its nous This incident ‘Seems to express, perhaps xaggerated form, the one-sided benefit resulting from the r 8), who maintained that the algal growth may bring y nymp h such benefits as a richer supply of oxygen, the aloof of parasites, protection through color, et cetera, cs thi ‘relationship is one of symbiosis. The relation © me to be a natural one resulting from proximity ; CAUSE ae ae Bopeiations living epon the nymphs be com- pared with those of the mud and water weeds which the phs inhabit, they will be found practically the same The na ince Se the population in both cases depends to some it upon the inactivity of the nymphs. Ill. Tue Foop or tHe Nympus. n November 14 to July 10, dragonfly and damsel-fly s were taken from Cascadilla Pond directly to the labo- whee the contents of their stomachs were mounted © upon slides and examined under the microscope. If coulk not be examined immediately, the heads of the aph } were removed from the bodies and the alimentary I gently pulled out, but not severed, so that the contents could be preserved in formalin, and the head and body remain - connectec for later identification. Eight nymphs contained gments of food, but four of these had eaten much sand. Th, | presence of large quantities of diatoms* was puzzling Go ona noticed that they appeared during the cold months when Chironomid larvae are the chief source of food, and, in ‘Sew - shina cases, they were seen to be protruding from par- ly d larvae. The cases of the Chironomids, on which s grow abundantly, may account for some of the shells probably the sand present was that of Chironomid cases . 2 which the larvae had been entirely digested. Bits of By 4 A. H. Morgan has suggested that some of the e diatoms are un- eeeeretty tele in. with the seayfice since they are sbundant in the - food and epiphytes of mayfly nymphs. 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 algae were found frequently, but were supposedly taken in by accident. The eggs recorded were thought to be those of a dragonfly. The large majority of animals eaten were insects, the total number being 95. Five orders were represented, the numbers in each being Ephemerida 8, Hemiptera 11, Diptera 62, Cole- optera 1, Odonata 13. The closely allied groups of Crustacea (13) and Hydrachnida (4) with one snail in addition com- pleted the list. (See page 9.) EPHEMERIDA.—Four Heptagenias were eaten by four nymphs, Basiaeschna, Sympetrum, Plathemis and Caloptery.x, representing three families of quite different habits. Hexa- genia was eaten by Anax junius, Caenis by Plathemis, and two mayflies eaten by Basiaeschna and Calopteryx were not well enough preserved to be identified. HemiptTera.—This group is represented by the nymph of the waterbug Corisa, found the last of April, three of which were eaten by Leucorhinia intacta, and one each by Plathemis, Basiaeschna and Calopteryx, again showing a similar diet in three different families. Two adult waterboatmen were eaten, _one each by Sympetrum and Gomphus sordidus respectively in March. DipTrerA.—The number of Chironomid larvae far exceeded that of any other animal or group. They constitute the “staff of life” for the nymphs because they are at all seasons abun- dant and available.* They were eaten by all of the species examined except Pachydiplax, which was probably an acci- dental omission. Sympetrum, taken on November 30 with a mayfly and a damsel fly besides 22 Chironomids, most of which were in almost perfect condition, is an example of the appetite and capacity of one of the smaller nymphs. Size seems to have made little difference in the choice of food. The following species of Chironomids were identified in the food: 1 Chironomus tenellus Zetterstedt, 1 Ch. flavus Johann- sen, I Ch. modestus Say, 4 Tanytarsus dissimilis Johannsen, ; *This is especially true in the Winter, when mayflies and the young of their own kind seem to be the only alternatives. TABLE SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE VENTRICULUS OF 36 NyMPnHs. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ) | Diptera ~~ Wrallll Miscellaneous Date Size | Hydrachnida | Saails SESSSENSSI EEK Sexseseau~ Sle eeeeeeeeeereeeoee eee eeeeee eee eee eee eens baneee eeee sp epheaiin vinecine eeeenee 18 Ld . seenenwnes ; mm. . - a cere oe venaee aS on oo pa a os aa | =m. TE Fr re ike) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 2 T. dives Johannsen, 1 Cricotopus trifasciatus ‘Panzer, 1 Ch. fulviventris Johannsen, 5 Ch. riparius Meigen, 1 Ch. sp. 81 Johannsen, 1 Ch, sp. 83 Johannsen, 1 Orthocladius fugax Jo- hannsen, Nine belong to the genus Chironomus, three to Tanytarsus and one to Orthocladius. The genus of the remaining num- ber could not be determined. The only other Diptera were one mosquito larva (Anopheles maculipennis) and one unnamed larva. COLEOPTERA were represented only by two Dytiscid beetles and these eaten in the summer months, June and July. Oponata.—A damsel-fly is a delectable bit for a dragonfly and two nymphs of the same size in either group cannot safely be left together unless they are about to transform, when they do not eat. All of those recorded were damsel-flies except one Libellulid and one Ophiogomphus. The only damsel-fly which could be determined was Enallagma hageni. CruSTACEA.—From the middle of March onward, Crustacea are an important item in the food of all families of dragonflies. Considering the abundance of Amphipods in Cascadilla Pond, it is surprising that they are not even more generally used than the records indicate. In the collections made, Amphi- poda are represented by five Hyalella; Cladocera by two Diaptomus and four Cyclops; Ostracoda by two Cypris and one specimen whose genus was not determined. HypracHNnipa.—Plathemis and Sympetrum had each eaten the almost uninjured larva of a mite, and Calopteryx had de- voured two water bears (Macrobiotus), which had remained in almost perfect condition. A Physa had been recently eaten by an Anasx and had re- mained only partly digested. From this detailed study it is evident that the nymphs of Odonata are strictly carnivorous, all families feeding vorac- iously throughout the year upon Chironomid larvae, mayflies and the young of their own order. In the warmer months they eat Crustacea and Hemiptera, at which time these are avail- able, not refusing any other forms which chance to pass within reach of their powerful labium. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS II ae Experiments 10 DETERMINE THE EFrictency or SHELTER . — As PROTECTION AGAINST ENEMIES. b cs ince i that Odonate nymphs have enemies h sch as fishes, waterbugs and larger nymphs of their own kind, nd, since most of them seek shelter in the mud, sand or weeds, ean of the effectiveness of this shelter is a vital one. ‘tation is the universal source of shelter. In the sub- nerged meadows about Ithaca Elodea, Myriophyllum and oe sogeton are among the typical water weeds, and these ’ sige Selected for the experiments. sratus (Plate I, Fig. 2).—In order to control the ani- ; in as natural a habitat as possible, a small part of Casca- Pond was fenced off with barbed wire, and a bridge of sag planks built to render this little “pasture” easy of ‘au sss. Within the enclosure a rough table and stool were se i, so that work might be conveniently carried on. a oh t cages were marked and placed in the pond with a space “ea n each two equal to the width of a cage. Each one hac Bainc bottom ten inches square upon which was soldered a band of galvanized wire gauze, which formed the sides ’ Pieces in height. The top was left uncovered. Each cage : was submerged to a depth of nine inches, thus allowing the sides to project five inches above the water, which was a -— ent to prevent the animals within the cage from getting d ee es Some very i ae In the first set of experiments the common water weed, sy - Blodea, provided shelter. The plants were washed thoroughly i oe then carefully examined by: placing them in water in a j a white porcelain tray to make sure that no damsel-flies or other animals were in hiding. Cage 1 was left empty. Three twisted wire bars were placed O : Pientally and at equal distances from each other in cage 2. To each one of these, three plants were tied, the distance ___ between them being made equal to the expanse of the leaves of the plant. The bars acted as weights, thus holding the 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 715 plants in their natural position. Cage 3 contained six bars to each of which six plants were tied with the leaves of adjacent plants in contact. Cage 4 contained twelve bars each with 1 2 3 34 mY D4. OO 44. 4 5 Diagrams showing Distribution of Vegetation in Cages 1-5. twelve plants, with one of the whorl of three leaves overlap- ping that of the next plant. Cage 5 was packed with plants so that no bars were necessary. ) In order to make a quantitative measure of the material which afforded the shelter, both plants and wire bars were placed in a graduate partly filled with water. The rise of the water was then noted and the records are given below. Cage 2, containing 3 bars with 3 plants each, displaced 50 cc. water. Cage 3, containing 6 bars with 6 plants each, displaced 135 cc. water. Cage 4, containing 12 bars with 12 plants each, displaced 355 cc. water. Cage 5, packed with plants, displaced 915 cc. water. . ie oe +% es Bes , Vol. XV! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 The ¢ damsel fies used were Enalogma and Ischnara, int vic qual Size being selected. Six were placed in each h some enemy, such as Anax or a Dytiscid larva. The enemie in the several cages were of nearly equal size. the end of 36 hours the weeds were examined in a white es 1 tray. The results of the series are given in the fol- wing tab . Nysrnus Unpes Onsxevarion “a, No. at time of record » Enemies | No. in| ashoursiaterin | | Remarks | each Cage No. +, lat suart nom 2 ¢. 3B of ad ad ; J : wam.* J 3 aS Loner $a § a | . Anax . 6 ° 0 Drier § | $8 ~ Moe jaf : elo Anax @ s\6 aoe $ | 8 ba dace...) 6 ) The same method of placing the shelter was followed roughout the series. In the second set of experiments ; rhyli was used because its needle-like leaves offered adi peed of chetter trom that of Hlodes. The arrange- Cage cnaning 3 tars wih 9 ams each, dpc ao Cage 3, containing 4 bars with 4 plants each, displaced 170 Cage 4, containing 7 bars with 7 plants each, displaced 375 —-&e, water. For the third set of experiments, Potamogeton crispus, a fairly large plant, with long, broad leaves, was chosen. . ae ny i x . 2 ~e . ae oo a 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 Cage 2, containing 2 bars with 2 plants each, displaced 30 cc. water, Cage 3, containing 3 bars with 3 plants each, displaced 60 cc. water. ; Cage 4, containing 5 bars with 5 plants each, displaced 150 cc. water. Cage 5, packed, displaced 475 cc. water. From the various combinations of shelter and enemies in the experiments recorded here, the following results were ob- tained: | 1. Dense growths of water weeds but ineffectively protect damsel-fly nymphs from dragonflies. The results were irreg- ular, the shelter at one time efficient, at another inefficient. This might be expected from their similarity in habitat and the custom of the dragonflies to catch their prey as they climb slowly over the weeds. 2. Vegetation of varying density provided a more effective shelter from Dytiscid larvae. There were cases in which the degree of shelter had no influence. Dytiscid larvae are more likely to seek prey at the surface or on the bottom than in midwater. This accounts for irregularities of results here, since even in the empty cage the damsel flies would climb about on the sides of the cage. 3. In every case except cage 2, where the vegetation was very scanty, it was a shelter against fish, the shelter becoming more efficient with increased density. Fish are undoubtedly among the worst enemies of damsel-flies; examination of the contents of fishes’ stomachs has repeatedly shown this. The protection afforded by dense aquatic vegetation has then an enormous effect on the economy of the life of damsel-flies. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1893 CaAtvert, P. P.—Catalogue of the Odonata (Dragonflies) of the vicinity of Philadelphia. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XX, pp. 152-272, 3 pls. 1888 Forses, S. A.—Studies of the Food of Fresh Water Fishes. Bull. Ill, State Lab. Nat. Hist. Vol. II, Art. vii, pp. 433-473. 1905 JOHANNSEN, O. A.—May Flies and Midges of New York. Aqua- tic Nematocerous Diptera II. Chironomidae, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 86, pp. 76-310, pls. 16-26. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 a see Wiener-Fest-Schr. Wien., pp. 6 I Lucas, W. J—Foes of Dragonfly Nymphs. The Entomologist, _Vol 41, p16. * DN J. G. and Harr, C. A—The Dragonflies (Odonata) f Illinois. Part I. Petaluridae, Aeschnidae and Gomphidae. a Bull, TL State Lab. Nat. Hist. VI, pp. 1-04 | New aM, J. G—Aquatic Insects in the Adirondacks. Odonata Aner licon tlic pte arate tam, J. G—Aquatic Insects in New York. Zygoptera. ‘- out N. Y. State Mus. 68, pp. 218-276, pls. s, 11-20. Wn , E. B—The Dragonflies of Indiana. Geol. Surv. pa "Indiana Rept, pp. 299-333, 7 ple. wi e- - a :- EXPLANATION OF PLATE L g- 1. _A view of Cascadilla Creek. Collecting grounds in the fore- gre Ia Canedita Pond exci Morgan. g2. | scadilla Pond enclosure with nets and cages used in experi- ‘The weeds and algal mats characteristic of the pond are m in the foreground. gill plate of nymph of Enallagma ebrium Hagen. a > mM - Ae, "A. New Piers fom Cubs (Lepdortr Bycnms . Ramspen, Guantanamo, Cuba. : ie on i. ak + Expanse (one wing) 32 mm. Female: Expanse (one wing) Nia shin wi tice es of pet eam 2 faintly edged with black. The central veins of the re overlaid with chalk-white, scales, in the form of streaks wide; they do not reach the outer margin. the same color as the primaries, with the chalky- white scales to the disk. _ Underside. Primaries as above, except that the costal edge and the : or — (Ridgway). ieee TMTIAGTE GH Gin cctrean of te cb 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 Q. Like the male except that it is a few shades darker in color and lacks the chalky scales of the male, these being a secondary sexual character. Male type and allotype in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Paratypes in the collection of the author. Specimens were taken June 10 and 26, 1914. Habitat—West and southwest of Guantanamo, Cuba. The species was not uncommon about Guantanamo City and it seems strange that Gundlach, who worked this district over very critically, did not find it. I have never seen it in the higher altitudes. I have taken it from April 14 (earliest) to September 18 (latest record), but it is most abundant during late summer. I have dedicated this species to my wife, who has accompanied me in my collecting trips. I compared this species at the British Museum, through the kindness of Messrs. Richard South and N. D. Riley, where I found something very close to it from Venezuela, which was still unnamed. If this should happen to be the Venezuelan form, it could be accounted for as having been brought over in the chrysalis; it might have emerged while the ship was unloading in port, and finding congenial surroundings and food plant, the species established itself firmly about Guantanamo. ‘This could have happened at the end of the Spanish-American war, when many ship- loads of cattle were brought from Venezuela and Colombia to Guantanamo, and this may also account for the fact that Gund- lach did not see the species. The Cimex on American Bats (Hemip., Heter.). In reference to Mr. John T. Zimmer’s remarks in ENTOMOLOGICAL News for November last, page 418, his note reveals what I have sus- pected—that according to the then state of our knowledge, a certain bug on a bat was determined as Cimex pipistrelli Jen. Horvath (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. X, pp. 257-262) cites the species found on American bats, which he had described in Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) XXI: 12, fig., in 1910, under the name Cime-x pilosellus, giving Vesperugo noctivagus as one of the hosts. This is in all likelihood the species Mr. Zimmer has reference to. I shall later refer to the other forms mentioned in my previous note.—J. R. pe LA Torre BUENO. es! _ By M. C. Van Duzee, Buffalo, New York. Bie working out the following table of species, I have used rT J. M. Aldrich’s key, published September, 1904, in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, as a sis , but uniting under Sciapus the genera Psilopdinus and _ Agonosoma there used, as is done by most of the European authors now. This key places eighteen species not contained in that of Prof. Aldrich. Four of these were described by Mr. quillett, five by Mr. Bigot and nine by myself. Of these ‘three are described in this paper, as follows: novebora- cen. s, banksii, and bradleii; three in the Canadian Entomolo- 1 € , digitatus, and nigrimanus ; and three, furcatus, leonardi, and pollinosus, willbe more fully described in my . en ‘of the Dolichopodidae of Okefenoke Swamp, Georgia. ve species in this key described by Mr. Bigot seem to be nizable; at least they seem to be distinct from all other __ known species from North America, but his carolinensis and pa allescens 1 could not do anything with. Mr. Bigot does not n any hairs on the face of his occidentalis, pampoecilus in “pre so I take it that they have the face bare, as no _ doubt they have; he also states that occidentalis has the arista a - Mon . f, $0 I place it in the section where the arista is at least two- thirds as long as the body ; the long bristles of the thorax and a n would indicate that it belonged there. He states that the ictie of hirtulus are reddish with violet reflections ; therefore, I take it that his specimen was somewhat immature and the femora should be blackish with violet or green re- a ‘flections, as as this is sometimes the case with immature speci- __mens with dark femora. For the same reason I have placed occidentalis in the group with blackish femora ; he describes ‘them as reddish brown Key to the North American Species of Sciapus. f the tegule black or dark brown ...................-.+. 2 i 12 10 II I2 13 14 15 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 715 Femora black, the tips may be yellow ...........ceeeeeeeeeeee we | Femora yellow or mostly yellow .........cecseeceveecevees sab eee Wings with dark markings ........0cccscccpeccescssseus 4 Wings without dark markings: 6.64 506560 secede ccc ccts pee 35 Dark markings on the wings consist of two cross-bands connected along the costa, in some immature specimens reduced to an in- fuscation Of the veins .G....ccecccebccccceeccceecses + en 9 Dark ‘markings ‘otherwise \...scvsccvvsnvccsseeseee oye phan a Wings black except beyond the forking of the fourth vein and the hind margin. (Ariz., Mex., W.I., S. Am.) ..dimidiatus Loew Wings mostly hyaline ......csccccccccsccceveseeg 44 6 4en an 6 Wings with an ill-defined brownish band extending from the costa to the posterior end of the cross-vein. (Mex.)...infumatus Ald. Wings with a cloud along the anterior portion ...........++ee0e- 7 Middle tibie with rather large bristles on the front surface ..... 8 Middle tibize destitute of bristles. (Mex.) ........ ciliipennis Ald. Middle tibie with three long, slender bristles, hind tibiz without RKISOS, LPR Sc cr eahee aay Ce bee awae Eee chalybeus V. D. Middle tibie with a row of about fourteen bristles, hind tibie with a similar row. (Mex., Cent. Am.) ............ cilipes Ald. Fore tarsi with dense black fringe on the sides of the fourth and fifth joints, middle tarsi with the second and third joints less broadly. fringed: (Mex) <.scscnnds Assi oceans bifimbriatus Ald. Fore tarsi of different. structure: ... 6... 60.6 ds 5005 eee 10 Fore, tiie Dlache oe n).5 5 sss Siicnsge 00 0s bin 0 tp ope II Fore tibiz pale, at utmost brownish .............0.seeusemaeen 14 Second antennal joint with many and long bristles ............ 12 Second antennal joint with few and short bristles. (Mex.) praestans Ald. Last four joints of fore tarsi subequal .....3.....2+:)52<0008 oR 40 Last four joints of fore tarsi of regularly decreasing length. CE ess 5 Goeeadesaeebe en occidentalis Bigot Hypopygial appendages pale, middle metatarsi ciliated. (U. S.) comatus Loew Hypopygial appendages blackish, middle metatarsi plain. (U. S.) crinitus Ald. Thoracic dorsum covered with thin white pollen, front densely silvery pollinose .....s ¢o..enit« + coon bes apin gion 554s ee 46 Thorax and front:mostly shining ,.4.)s «s/s .sn00%~0suh 9eateeneee 47 Legs wholly black, fore tibie with three or four bristles in a row. CMO hoi nico s os» o'cie-a ic ats «6 2 ee argentatus Ald. Fore and middle femora and base of fore tarsi yellow, fore and middle tibiz each with two long bristles. (Fla.) .pruinosus Coq. | joint of ledé taal Uowien Grins sory 0k the following joints. oes MUNe sds i etdeeddcddadadcdédedvevddscses muitdus Wied. vel joint longer than any following. (Mex.) ....hirtipes Ald. Seeennenet with erent ofile Stove. COR) ve. ciliipes Ald. net: i not so ciliated ‘. PIMMEENENE AGS 6hAdbeebecccccs 50 OOP eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee ee Tce Gia coctll Gad Wied: joints ochequat - fifth longer but also subequal. (Western States.) pilicornis Ald. Fore id store: last four joints of fore tarsi regularly decreas- Pit : i eaath OU UL NOG ERD det dictiededs chrysoprasius Walk. ypopygium large, its appendages large, curved, forceps-like; ¢n with two long wavy bristles at tip. (Mex.) forcipatus Ald. um small or only moderately large, abdomen ume COOP eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee and halteres yellow. (Hayti.) ......... hirtulus Bigot infuscated. (Mex.) ...... purpureus Ald SEE RROD 6 5 oF sdacdcdcddccdedsedscccsccecese 55 CREME AGD Ene UEVacdte6uctveocccveccdced 63 ae Baie, Braelh) on cccveveecees basilaris Wied. B Black 2.0.0... seeseesseneescsecceececrececeeccesceess 56 t space between the cross-bands reaching forward to the DEERE OSE iad ki dd W bids Gedasesccccccescestes 87 elise net reaching beyond: the third veln vedtatewedeuns so = Saal cb th fore tardt wilie of tip, the following joints black, 5 _fourth fringed with black hair above. (Mex.) ..interceptus Ald. coxm black. (Mex.) .......... SUoeans dugsace pennifer Ald. on coe, cox yellow. (Mex.) ........sscccceeecceees flavicoxa Ald. 1 and third joints of fore tarsi stout, swollen, bristly. (Mex.) clavipes Ald. foe plain or only bristly ......... DER LabbbAsdkaehebes cess 60 REND TOO, CEG Sisco cccceveccccwcccccccs viridicoxa Ald EEE OND occ cccsccsceecccccccundsnerescccccccccsoccses 61 metatarsi with a row of erect cilia on the front surface. ee dne Oaks $4600 DENS OWENS eceEsdcocceccee scaber Loew MPPNMARMMNR GaOtatarel Plain .........20...ccccccccccscccccccecccees 62 4 @ es Se eee oe Sree orton. (U. S.) { sipho Say | Mid ii with only seatered bristles, (Ga., Fla.) .furcatus V. D. 22 63 64 65 66 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 715 Face with numerous pale hairs ........,ceccecsccreccscceseen me 64. FaGe DGLC hoo pcs kk «hos Kae nipnloy cn nwa abel Bale a 0's v0 65 Fifth joint of all the tarsi black, fifth joint of hind tarsi cylindri- we MeO ie RN eR Sie pel a A flavipes Ald. Fifth joint of fore and middle tarsi whitish, last joint of hind tarsi a little flattened and orbicular in outline. (N. Y., Va.) banksii Ald. Middle metatarsi greatly elongated, ciliated. (W. I.) insularis Ald. Middle metatarsi plain. ........../s'.00 csens 604 8'e ce oases een 66 Face and front green, antennz black, fore fenoed entirely yellow. CRORE DN, iat was vetices bousa.cabres iene abe cuir tonsus Ald. Face and front violet, antenne reddish brown, arista long, fore femora blackened at base. (Hayti.) ........ pampoecilus Bigot Antenne entirely black .\.....055.. sie ss cea seus bade cles ana 68 Antenne yellow, at least at base .s. oios ss ses 00 soe ban 71 Coxz and base of femora black. (Hayti.) ........ polycroma Bigot Femora and fore coxe wholly yellow ..... wart 69 Coxe yellow, middle pair blackened at base, costa with a notch before the tip of the second vein. (Ga., Fla.) ..... costalis Ald. Fore coxe yellow, middle and hind coxe black, costa without a NLOUCH Biovsbcs Senin wo slolace 6:0 sae eine 00 » bine losnlle woe: phihlove’ a6 i Inne nnn 70 Very bright and shining, hypopygium large with black appendages. CR coe) we o's Vere ce Lit eo scintillans Loew Dulled with grayish pollen, hypopygium small with the appendages partly, yellow. «:(Ga.) so. i.ncesk sno eb eohkoue pollinosus V. D. Dorsum of the thorax yellow with a green or blue stripe ....... 72 Dorsum. wholly metallic .....5s:s:+i90.0:0i0:s.0/012 900 3.0.5» 00s Dai 73 Pleure yellow, middle tibiz and metatarsi with erect cilia. (W. I.) flavidus Ald. Pleure with an indistinct dark spot, tarsi plain. (W. I.) dorsalis Loew Thoracic dorsum opaque, pollinose. (East U. S.)...pallens Loew Thoracic ‘dorsum. shining | 10:5 09 <'s\s0 tes oases 8 ob-0k ¢cen ce 74 Middle coxe infuscated on the outer side for at least half their » MCBURPERD on Ga ode caren. ght oe, dia, tvebiceuplekaskaeeeii leek aire ip ain 75 Middle coxz wholly or almost wholly yellow .................. 80 Costa of the male with erect cilia: 2...2..... 0.5.2 es eae 76 Costa of the male without such cilia ..............cccecnveneee 77 Costa with an angular projection near the tip. (Southern States.) psittacinus Loew Wing of the male flattened in outline at apex but the front corner peuihed) “€Ga.) .... 0 00cedneens maser ain bradleti n. sp. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23 male-shortened, dark at base, their tibie and SRR eee le tarsi with the last three joints much flattened. *(N. Y.) ot noveboracensis n. sp. le ¢ tarsi plain. (Eastern States.) ............... filipes Loew } Abdon Sidi ie Gee ahowa, thorax Coppery or golden on the side i of the dorsum. (East U.S, W. 1) ...... variegatus Loew SRE 20dgk MRR SEaiis dddwe sup ebaccce castus Loew fe femora with slender erect bristles below. (U.S) tener Loew EE REE PE SUn uw chine d ates ic decdtsecccce 81 margin of the pleura yellow .............-ceseseseceeeee &2 ee. oe heen green. 9 mexicanus Ald. » with basal yellow band, remainder green. (U. S.) = a unifasciatus Say A n with the greater part of the first four segments yellow. : en U. . §.) ih oteh. depGsudedendedsyesesnece rotundiceps Ald. hhave seen seven males of this species from Arizona. The » more brown than yellow, especially the hind ones ; the hyaline tip to the wing is not = \ over one-third the length of the ew wing, reaching just to the forking of the fourth vein (Fig._1); the a tegulae are entirely black, instead mee = of being bordered with black, as oe”. w states; the outer appendages of the hypopygium are ’ = d lamellae, and are of a blackish color with rather long on amet inner edges. These et are probably only iapus banksii n. sp. ve ‘ace with white hairs; antennz, cilia of the tegule and middle and coxx black; fore cox and all the legs yellow ; fifth joint of fore ‘¢ and middle tarsi white; wings hyaline. Length 4 mm. +. Face and front metallic green with yellowish brown pollen as which does not conceal the ground color; face with slender white hairs; antenna black; arista about two-thirds as long as the width of the Be head. - Thorax and abdomen metallic green, in some individuals more blue a ‘Ceca except the posterior half of the abdomen, which is golden green; 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 hypopygium very small with concealed appendages; incisures of the abdomen narrowly black; bristles of the thorax of moderate length, — those of the abdomen short; pleurz greenish black. Fore coxe yellow; middle and hind coxe black; trochanters, femora, tibie and tarsi yellow; fore and middle tarsi a little darker towards the tips and with the fifth joints white; hind tarsi blackened from the tip of the first joint, about three-fourths as long as their tibia, first joint nearly as long as the remaining four joints together, fourth shorter than the fifth, about as broad as long, fifth a little flattened, nearly orbicular in outline, deep black; middle and hind tibie with a small bristle on the basal third; hind tibiz and tarsi with rather long hairs. Halteres yellow; tegule brown with black cilia. Wings hyaline, only slightly tinged with gray; venation as in S. flavipes Ald. @. Two females taken with the males described above have the face more blackish; fifth joint of fore and middle tarsi are not white; hind tarsi normal; the abdomen more golden green than in the male. Described from three males and two females taken by Mr. Nathan Banks, at Falls Church, Virginia, July 4th and 6th. He took one male at Sea Cliff, Long Island, New York. Type in the collection of Mr. Nathan Banks. This interesting little species, which I dedicate to its captor, could easily be mistaken for S. flavipes Ald. which it resembles in size and color, but in that species the fifth joint of all the tarsi is black, while in this species the fore and middle tarsi have the fifth joint white, contrasting with the darker joints which precede them; the hind tarsi do not have the fifth joint flattened as in this species. I think it would be difficult to sepa- rate the females of the two species. Sciapus bradleii n. sp. First two joints of the antennz yellow; abdomen with yellow at base; wings with the apex flattened in outline and with the front apical cor- ner rounded; costa with erect cilia. Length 4.5 mm. @. Face and front metallic green, the former thickly covered with white pollen; palpi, proboscis and two basal joints of the antenne yel- low, the third joint of the antenne small, rounded, brown; arista about as long as the width of the head. Thorax dark metallic green, with grayish pollen; pleura more black- ish green with white pollen; scutellum blue green with two strong bristles inserted widely apart. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25 ae yellow, first sew segment ce yellow, last three segments + reflections ; Legs and coxz pale yellow; ala comes Ulaeklch co 0 outer cur- ce for half their length; middle femora with one slender black 1ea ere emerienes eee feet Mark btire cn the towards the tip; middle femora, tibie and metatarsi j eiddin Chiet wath 9 slender bristle close to the Wings with the front apical fe corner rounded, the second vein entering the costa before this rounding begins, second vein run- ning close to the costa and par- ~ allel with it for some distance aa Se “Wing of Sciapus bradiciin. sp. —hefore entering it; costa with SS ati which are longest at the tip of the second vein teak y decreasing in length beyond this point. (Fig. 2.) eo Described from one male from St. Simon Island, Georgia, en about the first of May, by Dr. J. C. Bradley. Type in he Corn University collection. ‘is "Tl et n. Sp. Two t joints of the antenne yellow; hypopygium large with began femora mostly yellow; middle tibie extraordinarily _ tong and slender; middle tarsi flattened and contorted; cilia of the — tegulse white. Length 6 mm. i. Face and front metallic green with yellow pollen, the pollen | more whitish on the lower part of the face; antenna short, the two joints yellow, third joint black; arista black, inserted near the e of the third joint, hardly as long as the width of the head. SITS eas isc Ged wiaadde crv ties with tn yetiow Se cohen; pleure green with white pollen; bristles of the thorax as rather long. Abdomen metallic green, thinly covered with yellowish pollen, and SUMNER facisares, with & few long yellow hairs at base stove and with about six black bristles near the hind margin of the segments; a UES tht aenter ‘athor Sieg ase wbhe: hypopygium large, black, with long appendages which are yellow towards their tips. __.__ Middle and hind coxe black. Fore coxx yellow with long white a , ‘ - 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 715 hairs on the front surface; fore femora short, pale yellow, with a few long pale bristles below near the base; fore tibie yellow, longer than their femora, short-haired; fore tarsi long and slender, blackened al- most from the base, the metatarsi one and one-fourth times as long as their tibia, remaining joints taken together only about one-third as long as the first. Middle legs extremely slender (fig. 3), femora rather short, of normal size at base but tapering rap- idly so as to be very slender in the middle, the knee large and contorted ; middle femora black at base, pale yellow from be- fore the middle; middle tibiz ‘* extremely long and_ slender, over 5 mm. long, wire-like, Fig. 3.—Middle leg of Sciapus noveboracensts lack except extreme base, n. sp. s dies glabrous; middle metatarsi still more slender, two-thirds as long as their tibie with a row of short spines below towards the tip, black; second joint black, slender but short, with long hairs above; third joint short, flattened, widened at tip, fringed with long hairs on one edge; fourth joint short, flattened, wider than the third, bent or twisted, with only a few short hairs; fifth joint short, yellow at base and black at tip, bent, not so greatly flattened as the two preceding joints; third and fourth joints yellow. Hind femora yellow, long and slender with a few long yellow hairs above at base; hind tibiz a little longer than their femora; hind tarsi shorter than the hind femora, black from before the middle of the first joint, first joint longer than the remaining four together, somewhat thickened in the middle. Halteres yellowish; tegule pale yellow with a narrow black tip and with long white cilia. Wings grayish hyaline, long and rather narrow. @. Length 4 mm. Differs from the male in having the soltine of the face silvery white; thorax and abdomen covered with an equally thick coat of coarse yellowish pollen; all legs normal; all tarsi black- ened from the base of the second joint. Described from one male and one female, taken at Gowanda, New York, June 8th. Type in the author’s collection. This belongs to the same group of species as S. tener and filipes of Loew, the middle legs of which are slender; the hypopygium is formed about alike in all three species and the wings are also very much alike. ~~ By Put Rav, St. Louis, Missouri. i. 1909, I had an opportunity to re- eee oa ng Ham eating, Rabits of this Orth- in specie: h q ated hoppers, nineteen males and six females, were iken in my garden and confined in lamp-chimney breeders 1 aM ing growing grass. The table shows that the females m 23 to 34 days (with one exception), while the males Scns cas to tax-days,scst of thers living 3 or 4 Taste I. a a sex aviemanh se ) NO. OF INDIVIDUALS i a ] M 1 to hi, a7 | 33 1 S ea a ° 2 | "i Pe ig A \ , 4 i 2 ‘- ’ 2 2 he 3 5 : ae ; ‘ 5 - . 6 1 i 4 7 1 a ae 8 1 . om 10 1 _ How old the insects were when captured is unknown, since they were all taken within a few days, it is probable at all were of approximately thesame age. Thus we see the gnificant difference in the length of life of the sexes. The t life of the males may be due to the conditions of confine- a Beira ctng the male and not the female, but it is more likely 3 that: the males are naturally short-lived since none were a observed to take food ; the females, however, were heavy feed- ers, often eating while in copulation. There was nothing in _-—s *Mr. A. N. Caudell kindly identified this insect. 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 the behavior of the males to indicate senescence due to old age. They always seemed active and mated readily, even remaining in copulo, in a number of instances, up to just a few hours before their death. In the cages these insects were polygamous and polyandrous, a male mating many times with the same or other females, and a female mating often with one or many males. TABLE II. NO. OF | NO. OF LENGTH OF TOTAL TIME IN QNo. |TIMES IN| MALES EACH COITION IN HOURS SPENT IN COPULA | MATED HOURS COPULA 1 3 2 7, 10, 64 234 2 6 2 8, 5, 264, 15, 6, 12 724 5 8 3 4,8, 7,15, 3, 304, 74, 94 844 4 7 3 10, 1, 135 44,5, 8, 12 534 5 5 Z 11, 34, 6, 6, 12 69 6 6 1 25,616 37 Table II shows that these females during their lives mated from 3 to 8 times with from 1 to 3 males which were virgin or had already fertilized other females; that the duration of each coition varied from 1 to 34 hours; and that the total num- ber of hours spent in mating by each female varied from 23% hours to 84% hours. In fact, the females mated whenever a male was available. In only one instance was an attempt made to oviposit. In this case the female spent several hours with her ovipositor buried in the earth, but an examination later showed that no eggs were deposited. * i « es >, 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., ’15 and two sharp teeth on the inner side, near the inner angle (the inner- most representing that angle); malar space linear in front, broadened behind; front and face with fine fulvous tomentum, not concealing surface, but giving it a strong yellowish cast; vertex with denser and longer hair; cheeks covered with a dense fulvous felt, wholly hiding surface; thorax, except middle of metathorax,. closely beset with fulvous hair, so that the color of the tegument is much obscured; meso- thorax black with the lateral margins narrowly yellow; scutellum yel- low; sides of thorax fulvous yellow, with a more or less distinct verti- cal dusky band on pleura; middle of metathorax broadly black, sides fulvous yellow; scape yellow, with a black stripe on upper end above; flagellum black above, testaceous beneath; legs clear fulvous, the broadly expanded apical half of hind tibie black, the black surface invaded on inner side by a broad band of very short fulvous tomentum, the tibial margins with long black and fulvous hairs; hind basitarsi black on outer side, on inner side densely covered with fulvous hair; tegule fulvous; wings bright orange fulvous, only slightly translucent; abdo- men clear fulvous, yellower beneath. I fail to find a name applicable to the T. dorsalis of 1863, so it may be called Trigona meade-waldoi n. n. <> > Notes on Trichogrammatidae (Hymen.). 1. Trichogramma minutum Riley. The following new host and localities: Olene pinicola Dyar at Greenwood and North Saugus, Mas- sachusetts, and Wascott, Wisconsin. Data from P. H. Timberlake. The Wisconsin record was made by Mr. N. A. Thomson. Specimens identified by myself. Through the Bureau of Entomology at Wash- ington. 2. Oligosita sanguinea (Girault). One male, two females reared by Mr. Timberlake at Salt Lake City, Utah, June 7, 1913, from cold storage material accompanying cocoons of Phytonomus posticus, col- lected at Portici, Italy, by Mr. Thomson about the middle of May, 1913. The material consisted mostly of leaves and stems of alfalfa. The species is very common in North America, which is probably its native home. I would suggest as being most probable, that it had been introduced into Europe in connection with commerce in grasses. It has not been known previously from Europe, but this may be due to the fact that collections in this family are fragmentary there. In this connection it should be noticed that the wings of the yellow male were perfect but narrower and shorter than those of the female. —A. A. Grrautt, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland, Australia. — IMOLOGICAL NEWS. "PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Jaxcany, 1915. —_—— 5 iiitpecis are exceodingly delicate and will not stand any Nee ar Gio faae neck, enpecaty wien pied i material has so often been received here at the Academy ae Sciences in broken condition on account of improper cree Oe abies wil be sgycoorinte . SEND PINNED SPECIMENS IN A SINGLE OUT SURROUNDING THE BOX WITH | SPRINGY MATERIAL, such as dry sea grass, ex- , or cotton. The box should be light and strong with Ri aa gem aot cot t. The pins bearing the should be firmly pushed in the cork, which should y fastened or glued to the bottom or sides of the box. x should then bé wrapped in soft paper to exclude any at may arise from the packing. The packing should be ly wrapped around the box, say an inch or more in thick- an el intact by pacing the wae in anthers oF bs it in heavy paper and securely tying with strong tri “DON'T pack the springy material so tightly that it is ~ s as a preventive of jarring. Give attention to the cor- s and DON’T let them come in contact with the container, be it box oF paper. A chip basket with handle makes a good cont. when a large box is sent by express. It is a good = > place a layer of raw cotton over the cork, but never the specimens. Heavy specimens that are liable to swing Sa their pins should be braced by a stout pin against each edge f the abdomen. Always remember if one specimen becomes ‘yp iesetpepel and that “one fine, faultless specimen is cy lammaanat —E. T. C., Jr. 33 ea x “<« eZ a oe 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. Change of Address. E. P. Van Duzee to University of California, Dept. of Entomology, Berkeley, Cal. : Notes on the Siricidae of California (Hym.). 1. Sirex apicalis male of areolatus. In October of 1907 I collected at Messa Grande, Sonoma County, California, five Siricids (two males and three females) that were fly- ing about together. The females had also been seen depositing their eggs in some freshly cut redwood logs. Dr. E. C. Van Dyke tells me this latter observation is of. some eco- nomic importance, the species of the Siricid that bores into redwoods having been previously unknown. This insect is the most common of the few that bore into the heartwood of the tree. Though not found in the act of copulation, the flight of these insects together makes me believe they are male and female of a single species. Both sexes are common about the San Francisco bay region, specimens in the California Academy of Science and in my own collection having been taken from San Mateo, San Francisco and Alameda Counties. Using Dr. J. C. Bradley’s paper, “The Siricidae of North America” (Reprint Jr. Ent. & Zool. Pomona College, Claremont, California, April, 1913), the females fit the description given for Sirex areolatus, race areolatus (Cresson) Kirby. The male, however, runs down te Sirex apicalis Kirby. Konow has already considered apicalis to be a synonym of areolatus and has described a male and female from Vancouver as Paururus areolatus. On the other hand, Bradley believes his new species Sirexr obesus to be the female of apicalis. This is apparently very improba- ble, as I have compared a female of this species and find it very dif- ferent from the female of “apicalis.” We can therefore assume for the present that Sirex apicalis is the male of areolatus and that the name for this species should be Sirex areolatus (Cresson) Kirby. 2. New Localities. Urocerus albicornis (Fab.) Harris, taken July, 1912, as far south as Castella, Cal. Sirex obesus Bradley, taken August, 1906, as far west as Nevada City, Cal. Sirex apicalis Kirby, as far south as San Mateo County, Cal—J. P. BAUMBERCER, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 ¢ mtual Benet of the collector or amateur entomologist, and no désires to examine all the material possible in the which he is interested, the News reserves space for listing vho are willing to determine such material. The collectors must * that the material must be in first class condition accém- SI dada au bo: Otte endPlocation of capture; must be pinned ng Coccidae and other minute ,insects which require special nt) and properly packed. Specimens not in such condition will at the expense of the sender. Hints in packing insects for oo to the n may be found in this number, page 33. The transporta- on | le specialist must be prepaid The specialist is to have the vilege of retainir the first set of any species he may desire. specialist not listed but willing to make determinations, and any ‘th listed below who no longer care to do such work, please advise Slate eneeten, anton ofherivie noted. Those names - preces epee Renken Forearm cage their time for such work is limited, or they are interested n special groups or genera. ge and Mycetophilidae: O. A. Johannsen, Cor- » Ithaca, N. Y.; Empididae: A. L. ander, Pullman, sciall my ipnae E. T. Cresson, Jr., Acad. Nat. Sci, s900 Race —Jassidae: E. D. Ball, Logan, Utah; Aphididae (material } family should be provided with complete data on food plants, t scientific names of same, date and location of capture) : C. P. ette Fort Collins, Col, H. F. Wilson, Corvallis, Ore. Edith M. h, Orono, Me.; Psyllidae (see note under Aphididae) : Edith M. h, Orono, Me: Aleyrodidae: J. R. Watson, Gainesville, Fla.; ecidae: *J. G. Sanders, Madison, Wis.; Chionaspis, Hemichion- pis and Phenacaspis of the world: R. A. Cooley, Bozeman, Mont. NC —Tenthredinidae and Uroceridae: *A. D. MacGillivray, - 60; ow Michigan Ave., Urbana, Il; Aphidiinae and Ophiinae: A. B. - jahan, College Park, Md.; Chalcidoidea: A. A. Girault, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland, Australia; Megastimus: C. R. Crosby, Cor- = Univ, Ithaca, N. Y.; Sphecidae: H. T. Fernald, Amherst, Mass. ; (Ap : E. G. Titus, Logan, Utah; from Nebraska, Myron H. __ Schwenk, Lincoln, Neb. ALLO & Anortura.—*V. L. Kellogg, Stanford Univ., Cal. n —W. E. Hinds, Auburn, Ala. Ont —*J. A. G, Rehn, Acad. Natural Sciences, Phila, Pa. Lepworrera—Rhopalocera: Henry Skinner, Acad. Natural Sciences, «t Phila, Pa. 3 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 715 Army Worm Plague in Philadelphia (Lep.). The army worm (Leucania unipuncta), the moth of which is always more or less common around Philadelphia, proved a veritable plague last year (1914). The first brood of the moth made its appearance about the twentieth of June. The young worms were noticed by the writer about July sixth, but the general public did not notice them until about July fifteenth, at which time the worms were from one- quarter to three-quarters of an inch in length. There was scarcely a section of Philadelphia that did not have more or fewer of the worms. Newspapers, of course, exaggerated the matter, although it was bad enough. I visited a number of places where the worms were said to number in the thousands, but in many cases found they could be num- bered in the hundreds. In some gardens I found plenty of worms, while in adjacent gardens none were to be found. Investigation in most cases showed that the gardens seriously affected were those that were not kept in order—long grass and weeds having full pos- session, Contrary to the generally accepted theory, that the worms ate the grass clean down to the ground, I found that they often left from a quarter to a half inch of the base of the grass blade remain- ing. It has been noticed that the army worm ofttimes becomes a plague when a wet season follows a dry one, and this was just the condition of affairs around Philadelphia last year. Our spring was unusually dry, little rain fell during the month of April, and only four and a half inches during the two months of May and June. July was just the opposite, seven and three-quarter inches of rain falling. The majority of worms reached their full growth about the first of August. The moths from these worms started to emerge from the pupa about the eighth of August, the great majority emerging between the tenth and thirteenth. The moth is attracted to the electric light, but not to such an extent as one would suppose, considering the number of moths there are around. While sugaring for moths, Leucania unipuncta often proves a nuisance, coming in such numbers to the bait as to preclude the more desirable moths that the collector wishes to secure. The second crop of full grown worms was observed around the eighteenth of September, but they were so few in number that the general public did not notice them. Spraying with a mixture of arsenate of lead and water, and the sieving of dry slacked lime over the places infested, was found to be effective in destroying the worms. A mixture of Paris green and bran was recommended, and used to some extent, but some of our bird friends objected to this method, claiming that many of our birds lost their lives through its use—Puit1p Laurent, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS . “S. Domingue.” There are ie iN nd Hebard material I have found two species of Hy- ein : - ae ea ea Hatt hn gullet ot PUFTH LA Lets Hill Beds beget g2258_ ella Heal i ft Al igtgtalid vali , leit iin Balls sa. i = G & *% #5 ae is - Bde = & See =a._¥s tw . { d ba] fi pas q : ; af os ‘4 2 2 oe ¥ w- ‘ B- gs set 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [Jan., 15 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. Unless mentioned in the title, the number of new species or forms are given at end of title, within brackets. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of ere on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 2—Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Phila- delphia. 8—The American Naturalist. 4—The Canadian Entomol- ogist. 11—Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 18— Ottawa Naturalist. 22—Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 40—Soci- etas Entomologica, Zurich. 42—Journal, Linnean Society, Zoo- logy, London. 50—Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 51—Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 56—Mittheilungen, Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, Schaffhausen. 97— Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 123—Bulletin, _ Wisconsin Natural History Society, Milwaukee. 141—Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Sciences, Indianapolis. 148—Ohio Naturalist. 1583—Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, New York. 166—Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 169—“Redia,” R. Stazione di entomologia Agraria in Firenze. 179—Journal of Economic Entomology. 186—Journal of Economic Biology, London. 198—Entomologische Blatter, Cassel. 207— Anales, Academia de Ciencias Medicas, Fisicas y Naturales de la Habana, Revista Cientifica. 279—Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Natur- wissenschaft. 3083—Entomologiske Meddelelser, udgivne af Ento- mologisk Forening, Copenhagen. $24—Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 885—Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection. 869— Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 394—Parasitology, Cambridge, England. 411—Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomologi- cal Society. 484—Abhandlungen k. k. Zoolog.-Botanisch. Gesell- schaft in Wien. 447—Journal of Agricultural Research, Washing- ton. 457—Memoirs of the Coleoptera, by Thos. L. Casey, Wash- ington. 490—The Journal of Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois. 491— The Annals of Applied Biology, Cambridge, England. 492—Trans- actions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 498—Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station, Corvallis. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 SUBJECTS. Berlese, A.—Intorno alle metamor- ; tt , ix, 121-38. Chittenden, F. J.—Pollination in r s, 491, i, 37-42. Comstock, J. H—The 4 en Memorial. ial Pub. of Cornell Univ., V. No. G.) Escherich & Schwan- Leitschrift fur angewandte entomologie. Band 1, Heft 2, rin. Fuchs, C.—Recollections of C. Fuchs by C. W. Leng, 411, Ls pand _ Grinnell, F., Jr.—The development of California entomol- ‘1, ix, 67-73. Headlee, T. J—Some data on the effect of tem- : and moisture on the rate of insect metabolism, 179, vii, eee Holmes, s. TT grageceoe for 1913 on the behavior of the seeerwenrates, 324, iv, 383-93. McIndoo, N. E.—The olfac- t of insects, $35, Ixiii, No. 9. Standfuss, G—Auf grund : n tagebucher von seinen sohne M. Standfuss, 166, Fieont.). Turner, C. H.—(See under Arachnida.) SIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Brun, R—Die raum- fierung der Ameisen und das orienticrungsproblem im all- (Jena, C. Fischer, 1914), 234 Pp. Dexter, J. S—The Sad a case of continuous yariation in Drosophila by a study ‘it lakoge relations, 3, xlviii, 712-58. Foot & Strobell—Results of { crossing Euschistus variolarius and Euchistus servies with refer- te to the inheritance of an exclusively male character, 42, xxxii, . Forster, W. D.—Observations of the eggs of Ascaris lum- pides, 490, i, 31-6. LLomen, F.—Der hoden von Culex pipiens, 79, lii, 567-628. Morgan, T. H.—The failure of ether to produce ic in Drosophila, 3, xIviii, 705-11. ‘DICAL. Jennings, A. H.—Summary of two years’ study of in relation to pellagra, 490, i, 10-21. Riley, W. A.—Dr. *s theory of insect causation of disease, 490, i, 37-9. Baeiewuna, ETC. Macnamara, C.—The snow-flea. 18, 1914, 0-18, Nuttall, G. H. F.—Penctration of Ixodes beneath the skin; Tick abnormalities, 394, vii, 250-7; 258-9. Turner, C. H.—Literature for 1913 on the behavior of spiders and insects other than ants, 3, iv, 394-413. Banks, N.—New West Indian spiders, 153, xxxiii, 639-42. Ewing, ; E.—The common red spider or spider mite, 493, Bul. No. 121, 98 pp. NEUROPTERA, ETC. Petersen, E—New genera and species ei Mecoptera, 308, 1914, 129-32. Bagnall, R. §.—Brief descriptions - of new Thysanoptera, 11, xiv, 375-81. _ QORTHOPTERA. Meissner, O.—Ueber den cinfluss der tem- . fooge auf die entwicklungsdauer von Dixippus morosus, 40, xxix, 83-4. Strindberg, H.—Beitrage zur kenntnis der entwicklung der _Orthopteren (Dixippus morosus), 22, xlv, 7-14. Burr, M.—Notes on the Forficularia. More new species, 11, xiv, 420-8. Kostir, W. J.—Additions to the known Orthopterous fauna a iJ ; - “Me 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 of Ohio, 148, xv, 370-4. Rehn & Hebard.—Studies in American Tettigoniidae. I.—A synopsis of the species of the genus Scud- deria. II.—A synopsis of the species of the genus Amblycorypha found in America north of Mexico [four new], 2, xl, 271-344. HEMIPTERA. Davidson, J.—On the mouth parts and mech- anism of suction in Schizoneura lanigera, 42, xxxii, 307-30. The host plants and habits of Aphis rumicis, with some observations on the migration of, and infestation of, plants by Aphides, 491, i, 118. Hindle, E.—Note on a leg abnormality in Acanthia lectularia, 394, vii, 260. Murray, C. H.—Notes on the anatomy of the bed bug (Acanthia lectularia), 394, vii, 278-320. Rust, E. W.—Notes on Coccidae found in Peru, 179, vii, 467-73. Wan Duzee, E. P.—A pre- liminary list of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California [many n. sps.], 492, ii, 1-57. del Guercio, G—Intorno ad alcuni Omotteri cecidogeni dell Argentina. Un nuovo genere americano di Callipterini [Siphono- callis], 169, ix, 151-67; 293-4. Theobald, F. V.—Notes on the green spruce aphis (Aphis abietina), 491, i, 22-36. de la Torre Bueno, J. R.—New neotropical Heterocera, 411, ix, 79-84. Van Duzee, E. P. —Nomenclatural and critical notes on Hemiptera, 4, 1914, 377-89. LEPIDOPTERA. Pearsall, R. F.—Short studies in Geometridae, 411, ix, 76-9. Standfuss, M.—Mitteilungen zur Vererbungsfrage unter heranziehung der ergebnisse von zuchtexperimenten mit Ag- lia, nebst ausblicken auf den vererbungsmodus der rassenmesch- linge und...56, xii, 238-308. Standfuss, R.—Der aussere genital- apparat der Lepidopteren und seine biologische bedeutung, 56, xii, 201-10. Warren, W.—New species of Drepanulidae, Noctuidae and Geometridae in the Tring Museum, 51, xxi, 401-25. DIPTERA. Cameron, A. E.—A contribution to a knowledge of the belladonna leaf-miner, Pegomyia hyoscyami, its life history and biology, 491, i, 43-76. Felt, E. P—List of zoophagous Itonididae, 179, vii, 458-9. Hyde, R. R.—Inheritance of the length of life in Drosophila ampelophila, 141, 1913, 113-24. Muir, F.—On the or- iginal habitat of Stomoxys calcitrans, 179, vii, 459-60. Wadsworth, J. T.—Some observations on the life history and bionomics of the knapweed gall-fly, Urophora solstitialis, 491, i, 142-69. Cockerell, T. D. A.—A new cecidomyiid fly [Microcerata iridis], 179, vii, 460. Enderlein, G.—Dipterologische studien XIII.—Wei- tere beitrage zur kenntnis der Pantophthalmiden, 22, xliv, 577-86. Felt, E. P.—Arthrocnodax constricta n. sp., 179, vii, 481. Hendel, F.— Die arten der Platystominen [Rivellia coquilletti], 434, viii, 1-409. Knab, F.—Un nuevo Chaoborus cubano, 207, 1, 1003-4. Krober, O.—Das genus Stylogaster, 369, iii, 338-53. Pazos, J. H.— Catalogo de los Dipteros de la Isla de Cuba, 207, 1, 990-1003. Van ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 4! ee, M. C—Notes on Sciapus, with descriptions of three new ce YOPTERA. Blunck, H.—Die entwicklung des — nalis vom ei bis zur imago, 97, cxi, 77-151. Brooks, F. E.— le root borer (Saperda candida), 447, iii, 179-85. Girault, A. A- - . : probable best method of rearing certain Scarabacid lar- 4 -vae, 179, vii, 445-7. Lehr, R.—Die sinnesorgane im innern des Pedi- Le von p Dytiscus marginalis mif besonderer berucksichtigung hen organes, 97, cxi, 428-44. Parks, T. H.—Effect ape va upon the oviposition of the alfalfa weevil (Phy- 1s posticus), 179, vii, 417-21. Urban, C.—Beitraege zur lebens- shichte der kaefer III, 193, x, 225-31. Webb, J. L.—Notes on ¢ rice water-weevil (Lissorhopterus simplex), 179, vii, 432-38. H.—Das system der Histeriden. Neue Histeriden zu bekannten arten, 193, x, 305-8; 309-16. Casey, in Omus and Cicindela. [Omus, 5 new; Cicindela, 0 new); Some observations on the Carabidae including a new . [2 n. gen., 21 n. sps.j; A revision of the Nearctic Har- {Many new genera and species) ; A review of the genus and of the No. American species of Polyphylla [Thyce, 12 new; Polyphylla, many new]; Miscellaneous notes and new species cone. 3; Bostrychidae, 7; Cerambycidae, 12; Lucanidae, Pasealidee, 2; Scarabacidae, 4; Tenebrionidac, 3], 457, v, 1-24; ; 45-305; 306-54; 355-78. _ HYMENOPTERA. Tower, D. G—Notes on the life history Prospaltella perniciosi, 179, vii, 422-32. Wardle, R. A—Pre- observations upon the life-histories of Zenillia pexops, = Hypamblys albopictus, 186, ix, 85-105. _ Cockerell, T. D. A—Descriptions and records of bees. [Melis- helianthophila, bidentis, Osmia conjuncta marilaunidii, Hop- _ litis monardae], 11, xiv, 361-9. Girault, A. A—The chalcidoid family Trichogrammatidae, 123, xii, 53-71. Meade-Waldo & Mor- ley—Notes and synonymy of H. in the collection of the British Museum, 11, xiv, 402-10. Munro, J. W.—A braconid parasite on ___ the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), 491, i, 170-6. Rohwer, S. A— Description of a new sawfly injurious to strawberries. [Empria fragariae], 179, vii, 479-81. Viereck & Cockerell—New No. Amer- ican bees of the genus Andrena [many new species], 50, xIviii, 1-58. _ Dre Grossscu metrertince per Exner. Vox De. Avacaert Serrz. Stutt- gart, 1914—Volume three of this colossal work has been completed, Bae plates and 4338 figures. It marks an epoch in book- making in pe Pema This particular volume is devoted to the Noctuidae, and as thousands of species are beautifully and . ‘accurately figured in color, it makes the work of the systematist a 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan.,’15 pleasure instead of a burden to use it. To wade through numerous descriptions in numerous publications to identify species is a labor that few care to undertake. With a majority of the species in the Palearctic fauna figured, it will be possible for students to take up special work and add greatly to the sum of our knowledge of these insects. A good figure is worth no end of “word pictures,” but this should not be considered as advocating the doing away with descrip- tions entirely. Descriptive work should supplement the illustrations. The indices are properly alphabetically arranged and the letter press excellent. Species arranged under genera in an index is a most un- fortunate arrangement in some works and conducive to profanity. Such a work as this will of necessity stimulate study and research and induce more students to take up the study of this branch of entomol- ogy. Dr. Seitz is to be congratulated on his industry and perseverance in getting out such a monumental work. It is to be hoped that he will be able to go on with the other parts of it.—H. S. << Doings of Societies. FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL. Meeting of September 16, 1914, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Thirteen mem- bers were present. President Wenzel in the chair. Mr. Daecke said that some years ago, while at Bamber, New Jersey, in company with Mr. Fenninger, he had attempted to catch a large black Mydas (Dip.) which finally disappeared, but he had seen enough to identify it as M. tibialis Wied., a species generally found in Mexico, though the type locality is Baltimore, Maryland. He exhibited a specimen of this species collected by J. E. MacNeal at Perdix, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1914. He had received a species of Diptera, Cordyligaster minuscula V. der W., from Mr. Banks in East Falls Church, Virginia, and had captured the same species near Marietta, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1914. Also exhibited a moth rare in this State, Calpe canadensis Bethune, Riverview, June 23, 1914, and a beetle, Purpuricenus axillaris Hald., Rockville, Penn- sylvania, July 19, 1914, which is of an unusual color, red in- stead of yellow. Dr. Castle said he had been to Pine Beach, New Jersey, and the only species of Coleoptera common there was Calosoma scutator Fabr., which he had seen in great numbers. Mr. Kaeber said he had found Sitodrepa panicea Linn. (Col.) in barley which he placed in a jar.. After two years the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 Wenzel exhibited and recorded the following pptera: Saperda discoidea abr. beaten from hickory lor ig Cobbs Creek and Naylors Run, Pennsylvania, from lat- er part of June to September; in June males were more in = than females, but toward the end of August the re- se was the case. Oncideres cingulata Say he had collected elf for the first time this year, the first specimen August nd the last September 6 in the same locality as the Sa- _ perda. The girdled twigs were also shown. ' Mi . Geo. M. Greene exhibited Sandalus petrophya Knoch (Col.) collected by himself at East Falls Church, Virginia, _ August 7, 1914 (1), August 11, 1914 (2) and August 13, 19) 5 (3), all females and taken on oak. On August 16, 1914, Overbrook, Pennsylvania, he had taken a male on oak and und a female ovipositing on beech. Also exhibited Elater mil Harr., Ardmore, Pennsylvania, May 5, 1912. Re- _ corded a specimen each of Catocala relicta Walker (Lep.), ___ Overbrook, Pennsylvania, August 16, 1914, and Papilio phile- gor ‘Linn., East Falls Church, Virginia, August 13, 1914. Ss Dr. Skinner said that the latter was very common at one time, but owing te the medicinal properties of its food plant _ ~ it is now rare. He had planted some of its food plant in his _ yard at Ardmore, Pennsylvania, to see if he could.attract speci- mens and later found the larvae on the bush. When these became full grown he placed them in a box, but the remaining _ larvae ate them as quickly as they pupated, although there was a 2000 plant in the bor: _ Adjourned to the annex. SS of October 21, 1914, at the same place. Thirteen idadbers present. President Wenzel in the chair. ____ Mr, Laurent exhibited specimens of three species of Cole- ____ optera captured at Mt. Airy, Pennsylvania, this year, as fol- : , lows: Strongylium tenuicolle Say, July 21; Xylotrechus qua- ___ drimaculatus Hald., July 22, and Myas coracinus Say, July 22. 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 He stated that all three were rare, particularly the last, the specimen shown being the second he had captured during the thirty-six years he has been collecting. Mr. Geo. M. Greene exhibited a specimen of Dizonias lucasi Bell. (Dip.) from the Rehn and Hebard material. ‘This was collected at Long Key, Monroe County, Florida, July 13, 1912, Aldrich’s List giving Mexico as habitat. Mr. Daecke exhibited a roach from Harrisburg, Pennsyl- vania, September 25, 1913, with a species of fungus growing from it. Also Rhagoletis cingulata Loew (Dip.), which he collected at Riverview, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1914, on wild cherry, a species very rare here but commoner in the northern part of the State, New York and Canada. Mentioned a paper by C. W. Johnson on Criorhina and Blera (Dipt.) and exhib- ited B. badia Wlk., Castle Rock, June 3, 1914, and Ingle- wood, Pennsylvania, June 27, 1912, and B. confusa Johns. Digby, Nova Scotia, June 22, 1908 (J. Russell) and El Paso County, Colorado, July 2, 1914 (H. B. Champlain). Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited his collection of Oncideres, Saperda, etc. Dr. Castle said he had found two species of ground fungus, one at Pine Beach, New Jersey, September 14, and the other at Morton, Pennsylvania, September, 20, which he had placed in separate boxes, and on September 25, one species - of beetle, Caenocara oculata Say, began emerging from both by the thousands. Adjourned to the annex. Gro. M. Greene, Secretary. OBITUARY. The month of November, 1914, witnessed the death of two distinguished naturalists, neither of whom was known primar- ily as an entomologist, although both of them did important work upon insects. Friedrich Leopold August Weismann died November 6, Charles Sedgwick Minot on November 109. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 ust WEISMANN,-as his name commonly appeared, was 1 1834, at Frankfurt-am-Main, and studied Zoology r Henle at Gottingen and Leuckart in Giessen Since 66, he was Professor of Zoology and Director ‘of the Zoo- 1 Institute of the University at Freiburg im Breisgau, bt en. In later years he bore the titles of Exzellenz and Wirk- , ber cher ‘The Roa Sockty of Loni sted a foreign member in 1910, and the Entomological Society of ~— Londor Basis’ ot ite twelve honorary fellows in 1898. He was ‘Fecently reported to have renounced all his English distinc- 3. To zoologists generally and to the world at large he is chief ly known for his writings on the theory of Evolution and ; 4 I chetionn The titles of the English translations of his _ works on these subjects are familiar to a wide range of read- Ma Studies in the Theory of Descent (translated by R. Mel- g la), 1880-81 ; Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Pro (edited by E. B. Poulton and others), 2 vols., 1889 : and 1892; The Germ Plasm, a Theory of Heredity, 1893; The Evolution Theory, 2 vols., 1904; The Selection Theory (in a f- ew rd’s Darwin and Modern Science), 1909. All of them yo ain many references to insects. mm ae oo these writings he emphasized the importance of the separ- ation of the germ plasm from the somatic, or body, plasm a a from the earliest stages of individual development, and ex- 4% posed the lack of definite evidence for the hereditary trans- . —— to offspring of characters acquired during the life of q an individual. In his famous controversy with Herbert a } “Spencer, in the Contemporary Review for 1803, he appeared : as the champion of the “All-Sufficiency of Natural Selection.” __ Still later, in 1895 and 1896, he answered, theoretically at least, _ many objections which had been brought against Natural Selec- tion by the formulation of the idea of Germinal Selection. To Weismann are due such terms and expressions as bio- _ phors, amphimixis, idants, determinants, ids, continuity of the germ plasm, etc., which appeared so frequently in discussions __ of evolution and heredity in the last decade of the nineteenth i century and the first of the twentieth, and during this period i * no one influenced biological thought more than he. ag ay % en *”! = a a 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 15 The development of insects early interested him, and the Abhandlungen of the Senckenberg Society of his native town for 1862-63 contains one of his first papers on this subject: die Entstehung des vollendeten Insektes in der Larve und Puppe. A paper on the embryology of various insects ap- peared in 1864 in the Archiv fiir Anatomie und Physiologie. The Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie for 1863 and 1864 contained those two great memoirs, Die Entwicklung der Dipteren im Ei and Die nachembryonale Entwicklung der _ Musciden, results of nearly four years’ work. The first of these dealt with the embryonic development of Chironomus, Musca vomitoria and Pulex canis. From the second [Weismann wrote at the time] one will see how. in a very unexpected manner, the head and thorax of the fly together with their appendages are already formed in.the larva, nay in the em- bryo, how they arise in the interior of the body cavity separated from each other and, after pupation, grow together into the parts of the fly's body. . . . . But not only the walls of the body in the family of the Muscidae exhibit sach a peculiar history but also the internal organs are reformed anew in a surprising manner out of the entirely destroyed larval body. It was in this memoir that the term “imaginal disks” (Imag- inalscheiben) was first applied to those minute parts present in the larva from which the imaginal, head, thorax and append- ages are formed. In 1866 appeared, in the same Zeitschrift, Die Metamorphose der Corethra plumicornis, in which its con- tinuous development was contrasted with the discontinuous type represented by Musca. In the Festschrift for his teacher Henle, in 1882, were his Beitriige zur Kenntniss der ersten Ent- wicklungsvorginge im Insectenei. Another entomological topic to which Weismann directed his attention was the seasonal dimorphism of the Lepidoptera, not merely to solve that particular problem but also to take, as he hoped, a step forward in the question of the transformation of species. A paper of 94 pages on this subject in the Annali of the Genoa Museum for 1874 appeared also as the first of his Studien zur Descendenz-Theorie (Leipzig 1875). The second (1876) of these Studien dealt with the origin of ee listen tai tlie. Zocloglecher Anstiger for 1878 treats scent-scales’of butterflies. RLes Sepcwick Minot was born in West Roxbury, chusetts, December 23, 1852. In his seventeenth year yas publishing descriptions of the male of Hesperia metea cudde uo four new species of Geometridae and three new oe Phalaenidae, and discussing, but very briefly, the its of genera, in the twelfth and thirteenth volumes of the of the Boston Society of Natural History, and Brief Notes on the Transformations of Several af Lepidoptera [Heterocera] to the second volume of dian Entomologist. «In the following year (1870) Notes on the Flight of New England Butterflies gave a n of the characteristic manners of flight of different iii considered the influence of the size of the thorax cE Silidiahe of the wings :in relation thereto, commented on the position of butterflies when at rest and as to where they nd the night (Proc. B. S. N. H., xiv, 55). In 1872 the ig au ian Entomologist published his Notes on Limochores . nacU In the same year came his graduation from the Institute of Technology (1872) and then a pe- iledot enaty (1873-6) in Leipzig, Paris and Wiirzburg. Here belong his Recherches Histologiques sur les Trachées de ! Hy- _ drophilus piceus (Archives Physiol. Norm. Path., 2, iii, 1876), _ made in the histological laboratory of the College de France. _ After his return to America, at the desire of Dr. A. S. Pack- ard, Jr., he undertook a study of the anatomy and histology of akties Orthoptera “in connection with the more directly "practical labors of the U. S. Entomological Commission.” The 4 results appeared in the First and Second Reports of the Com- mission respectively, under the titles Report on the Fine Ana- _ tomy of the Locust (1878), and Histology of the Locust (Cal- _ optenus) and the Cricket (Anabrus) with seven plates (1880). m—_ £ 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [Jan., 715 This latter was Dr. Minot’s most important piece of entomo- logical work, and we know of at least one laboratory in which it is still used as a guide and book of reference. A summary of some of these histological investigations saw the light also in The American Naturalist for June, 1878, as A Lesson in Comparative Histology. To the Fourth Report of the Commission, in conjunction with Edward Burgess, he contributed an account of the Ana- tomy of Aletia xylina (1884), larva and imago, prepared at the request of Prof. C. V. Riley. A paper in German, Zur Kenntniss der Insectenhaut (Archiv. f. mikros. Anatomie 1886), also dealt with Lepidoptera, especially their larvae, and contains the interesting conclusion: “even a piece of cuticle suffices for the identification of the species.” This appears to have ended Dr. Minot’s entomological career. He entered the service of Harvard Medical School, where he remained for the rest of his life, first as Lecturer on Embryology and Instructor in oral pathology and surgery (1880-3), then as Instructor in Histology and Embryology (1883-7), Assistant Professor (1887-92), Professor (1892- 1906), and finally as Professor of Comparative Anatomy from 1906 to his death. His attention became chiefly directed to the Vertebrates, as the titles of his books show: Human Embryology (1892), Bibliography of Vertebrate Embryology (1893), A Laboratory Textbook of Embryology (1903), or to more general topics like Age, Growth and Death (1908), and Modern Problems of Biology (1913), the latter his lectures as exchange professor at the University of Jena in 1912. As an inventor of useful forms of automatic microtomes during this later, “vertebrate,” period of his career, he aided ento- mological investigators quite as much as he helped others. From 1897 on he was President of the Boston Society which had published his earliest papers, and in rgo1 President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Pi tvia —30r- The News for December, 1914, was mailed at the Philadelphia Post Office November 30, 1914. Plate II. Ent. News, Vor. XXVI._ 9 “Gld ea Tet NEW THYSANOPTERA FROM FLORIDA—watson. ~ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 6S OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION a _ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. . FEBRUARY, rors. No. 2. CONTENTS: Entomolonints vintbe War.sccsesccss Entomological appear ar | ay of Fletcher's Some South Insects and Other Animals a from an Economic Poin’ ai View.c ss H. S—Review of Herricks oo in- the Houschold. H, Ps rad me Slingerland and Cros- Man meects........ by's ual of Fruit | pol ieck M tc asctpenastecs = coins | Rare cone fic Meetings....-....+<«c000ses SE NIE th codgsndaainbiipiensnndasecetsve New Thysanoptera from Florida. By J. R. Watson, Gainesville, Florida. (Plate 11) he types of the new species here described are in the col- lection of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and ypes will be placed in the U. S. National Museum. rips pini n. sp. (Pt. II, figs. 1-4). ral color very dark brown, almost jet black by reflected light. . Total length 1.7 mm.; head .24 mm. long, .16 mm. in breadth; , length .14 mm., width .22 mm.; mesothorax, width .29 mm. ; (policies, width .31 mm.; tube, length .1.2 mm., width at base .o69 mm. ; _ antennae: 1, 24.3; 2, 46.6; 3, 61.4; 4, 56; 5, 47; 6, 40; 7, 41; 8 30; total _ Hength 373 microns. e Head one and one-half times as fone as broad; cheeks slightly ay and bearing a few very weak and short spines. Eyes reddish brown, slightly bulging; posterior ocelli situated far forward near the anterior ends of the eyes with the inner margins of which they are - eontiguous. Mouth cone large and rounded at the apex, reaching nearly to the posterior margin of the prothorax. Antennae cight-seg- _ mented, one and one-half times as long as the head; segments 1 and 2 : dark brown, nearly as dark as the head; 3 brownish yellow, 4 varying " __ from yellowish brown to light brown, 5-8 light brown; hairs weak and = m inconspicuous, a pair of heavy cones on segments 4 and 5. 4 49 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 Prothorax little more than half as long as head, one and one-half times as wide as long, sides diverging posteriorly; a rather weak spine on each posterior angle; no other conspicuous spines. Mesothorax nearly rectangular in outline but the sides slightly converging pos- teriorly, anterior angles very sharp. Metathorax with nearly parallel sides. Legs slender, concolorous with the body, except the tarsi which are lighter, bearing a number of short but rather stout spines. Each femur has one long spine on the anterior margin one-fourth of the distance from the proximal end; posterior tibia with one rather long spine and a stout tooth on the anterior distal end; on the middle tibia the spine is less conspicuous and on the fore tibia both spine and tooth are still less conspicuous. Wings nearly reaching the end of the abdomen; anterior pair notice- ably constricted below the middle, fringed with long hairs which are nearly together towards the end of the wing, otherwise very evenly spaced; from three to six (usually five) hairs of a double row present. Hind wings very similar and nearly as large, but no constriction or double row of hairs. Abdomen rather long, tapering gradually from about the third somite; first three somites entirely free of spines; from the fourth on there is a short spine about two-thirds of the distance along the mar- gin which becomes progressively longer on the posterior somites, which also bear two or three shorter spines. Tube rather long, sides converging to one-half the width of the base at the apex. @. Similar to the female except for the weaker and especially narrower abdomen. ‘Total length 1.23 mm. Most of the measure- ments are from seven to fifteen per cent. less than those of the fe- male except segments 3-8 of the antennae. Larvae.—The very young larvae are straw yellow in color, except the last three or four somites of the abdomen which are reddish brown and the antennae which are dark brown. As the larva becomes older the entire abdomen becomes reddish brown and the thorax de- velops brown blotches. The eyes are dark red. Described from numerous females and several males and larvae. Habitat—Among the needles of pine trees, where they are quite common. Found on both young trees and large ones which had just been felled. Gainesville, Florida, January to April, 1914. Heterothrips aesculi, n. sp. (PI. II, figs. 5-6). ¢. Color very dark brown, black hy reflected light. Total length, .9 to 1.0 mm.; head, .06 mm. long (exposed part), .15 mm. wide; pro- ——a_ a ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51 16 oe and .22 mm. wide; mesothorax, 26 mm. wide; 4-mm~ Wide; antennae: 1, 23; 2, 38; 3, 72; 4, 41; 5, 30; 6, $9), 19 microns. ~ salicis Shull, but the eyes are dark reddish brown, inently, spines between the facets very short. Ocelli e r ones contiguous with the margins of the eyes, top- h the pointed end directed posteriorly. Mouth cone as in , Segments 1 and @ considerably lighter than the segment 2 nearly white, segment 3 yellow crossed by ands below the middle and with a white apex, segment 4 ym nearly as yellow as 3 to nearly as brown as 5-9, always he apex than at the base, no circle of sensoria; segments n; all segments, but especially 1 and 2, show transverse ¢ the reticulations of the body; articulations between seg- IEE CCaal Gecnsttiias 7 ond @ clear; others brown. [ dire ar as in H. slicis being about twice as long as head. sides y. . beset with short spines which are more conspicuous " Mesothoraz wider than metathorax. s reaching to tip of abdomen, costal margin heakioe shout 90 re vein with about 26 and hind vein with about 18 spines. s in H. arisaemae Hood, femora concolorous with the body e apical third of the fore pair which are concolorous with Titties yellowish brows. Other tibiae brown but lighter on the “third. Tarsi brownish yellow. d 15 mm. long. Other measurements from 20 to 30 per cent. less we of the female. cribed from numerous females and several males taken ‘rom Uite ticsooms of Aesculus pavia at Gainesville, Florida, March, 1914. This species is remarkably intermediate in y of its characters between H. salicis and H. arisaemae, ilarly in the lengths of the antennal segments. It has gs colored like the latter species, but on the whole is . oped related to H. salicis, from which it differs in the . Seidel Ser. projectus n. var. (PI. II, figs. 7-10). “2 440. - Size, 1.00 to 1.25 mm. Measurements of head and thorax as in __ &. tritici, Antennae: Segment 1, 27; 2, 39; 3, 53; 4 45; 5, 32; 6, 435 7,8; 8,10 microns. Color varying from clear straw yellow without a trace of orange except at tip of abdomen (found in blossoms of yellow composites) to 7 SNEMEt crkaas oglthorax and abdomen; never brownish yellow. Shape # and spines of head and thorax as in E. tritici. F: ee: Segment 1 concolorous with the head, with a long but - ‘a a ws ’ oc) me ‘ 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., °15 slender curved spine on inner anterior angle. Segment 2 light brown, very long and the dorsal portion prolonged forward over the third segment and bearing two stout spines as in var. bispinosus Morgan; in side view this segment is triangular in outline. Segment 3, basal two- thirds white or gray, distal third light brown, carrying four good- sized spines as do all the other segments except 7; 4, basal half yellow, distal brown, 5 yellow, 6-8 dark brown. Eyes dark red, with 30-40 large facets. @. Similar in size to E. tritici. More inclined to be orange in color than the female. Differing from the species chiefly in the char- acters of the antennae. Segment 1, 20; 2, 34; 3, 24; 4, 37; 5, 30; 6, 40; -, 7; 8,9 microns. The most decided difference between this variety and the species is again found in the second segment of the antennae, which in the male, however, is markedly shorter than in the species while in the female it is longer. The projection of the second over the third segment is even more pronounced than in the female. This variety is more closely related to var. bispinosus Mor- gan than to the species, but differs in the forward projection ~ of the second segment and in its relative length. The spines on this segment are also different. The spines on the ventral side at the apex are much shorter than figured by Morgan and there is a stout spine near the base that he does not figure at all. This is a very common type in Florida, being found in a great variety of blossoms, as orange, tomato, roses, begonia, numerous composites, and among the needles of tall pine trees. Described from numerous females and males. Cryptothrips floridensis. The author has received what appears to be this same spe- cies from Mr. A. Rutherford, government entomologist of Ceylon. This greatly extends the range of this species. See EntomotocicaL News, April, 1913. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Figs. 1-4. Cryptothrips pini n. sp. 1. Head and prothorax of fe- male. 2. Posterior portion of abdomen of female. 3. Dorsal view of right antenna of female. 4. Fore wing. Figs. 5-6. Heterothrips aesculi n. sp. 5. Head and thorax of female. 6. Tip of abdomen of female. : Figs. 7-10. Euthrips tritici var. projectus n. var. 7. Head and thorax of female. 8. End of abdomen of female. 9. Dorsal view of left antenna of female. 10. Side view of sec- ond and third segments of left antenna of male. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53 New Fragments on Some Well-known Insects (Col., a ——" Orth, Hem.). _ By A. A. Grravtt, U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington; D. C. -MErtuop or Hanpiinc AND ReartnG SCARABAEIDAE OF ae Tue Tropics. called white grubs of North America (larvae of erma spp.) are well known to entomologists of the d States veh it is notorious that the larvae are exceed- » it to rear and that they require very careful hand- ng ed ef | of s have been made in some places to rear the insects oth it Joors and out, but without notable success. Recent “oy with larvae of the same family (but of various in North Queensland has inclined me to think that the to successfully handle them in North America was due o the spirit than to the substance, though I may be ken. The larvae I have in mind all feed upon the roots iot iS grasses and upon sugar cane. They do not differ in ure from those of Lachnosterna yet they are very hardy. oo nstance when obtaining material for the laboratory, we y go out with a small satchel full of empty tin boxes secret pipe tobacco boxes of the market) and dig around in places with a small handpick ; or else follow a plow- ma n. The larvae obtained are placed into the boxes which are led with soil and brought back. When convenient, say the = ann xt morning, they are transferred to pots, boxes and glasses d with soils of various kinds and thus kept until maturity. remained in bare earth for months and throve, and they “sn extract nourishment from the soil like earthworms. * are fed upon the roots of corn sprouted in the cages le others again are placed with decomposing vegetable mat- i iaen which they thrive. Their growth is very rapid. Thus, __ merely handling them is impunitive. There is a big advantage, _ however. The life cycle is only about one year, and larval Londen seems to occur the first three or four months following hatching, so that thereafter they can stand any amount of ae at 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 starvation; as a matter of fact, the ground in North Queens- land soon after the rainy season gets very dry so that the grubs retreat downward to surprising depths, out of reach of most roots.* PERIPLANETA AUSTRALASIAE FABRICIUS IN NorRTH QUEENSLAND. Upon renting a private residence (and which had been formerly occupied by a family) in the little hamlet of Nel- son, North Queensland, for a laboratory early in 1912, I found it in course of time to be badly infested with a cockroach which at first I thought must be a new form. It attracted especial attention because of the peculiar habit of depositing its egg cases against the walls, in cracks or behind objects such as books and coating over the sac with a layer of mud. I have never observed this before, nor remember having seen it re- corded in the literature, and the fact at once became interest- ing. In a bookcase composed of wooden shelves, this roach was common, hiding behind the books and feeding upon the bindings, denuding in many cases all of the gold lettering on some of the bindings and in others giving an effect like that which would result from soaking in water. Upon first noticing the injury, in fact, I had almost unconsciously attributed it to rain having been allowed to beat through a transom, but upon removing some of the books, the presence of the insects was discovered; their excrement was very abundant between the books and the back of the shelf. The eggsac may be deposited upon the verandah or upon boxes on the ground beneath it. Two sacs taken on August 23 and 27, 1912, were separately kept in vials corked tightly and kept dry; each was completely covered over with a thin coating of reddish mud and measured between a half and three-quarters of an inch long; the sacs when uncovered have a characteristic satiny appearance, due [*Some results of Mr. Girault’s rearings of Australian Scarabaeidae are contained in his article “The Probable Best Method of Rearing Cer- tain Scarabaeid larvae,” Journal of Economic Entomology, VII, pp. 445- 447. December, 1914. —Ep.] af ; ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55 hee e shin color and fine longitudinal striation. Hatch- rrec Siead) dalendsiilies ad young: bikes’ characteristic app arance. They are black with two adjacent white stripes acre bas the middle of the body; closer inspection shows also ¢ femora are white and the sides of the prothorax while (0 white stripes across thorax are on the last two ic segments which are white, margined with black behind. 10 other roach is present, it is taken to be highly proba- t these young and the sacs are australasiae. 1 do not ibe ever having seen the sacs of woodland species coated ove ceca eens © he abogetber excep _ Later, other egg cases not striated but opaque and red- rown, similarly deposited but uncoated were found, and t appear to be australasiae since I obtained a similar sac 1a female of that species in a hotel at Nelson. ll later on May 2, I found a number of the sacs, some d over with mud, some not; both the smooth and striated 5 were found under both conditions. In a groove running m the center of a crosspiece on the door of a basement : m in the laboratory, a sac of australasiae was found which ; wes covered over (but only partly concealed) with minute * _ bits of wood glued to the sac and which had been chewed from I ee of Se groove, ss was plainly evident by the ~ marks of the mandibles ; the sac then resembles the surface of Dg any wet Or sticky object which has been sprinkled over with finely divided straw. The sacs, at least when coated with mud, ___ are usually found against or upon the nests of muddaubers’, so _ that resembling very closely one of the daubs of mud which , i use to cover over their cells, they are very well Tue Occurrence or Cimex Lecrutartus LINNAEUS IN QUEENSLAND. mn January 17, 1913, I found in the mattress of a bed in a iy hotel at Townsville, three specimens of a Cimex which upon _ comparison with specimens of lectularius from North America *The sacs of australasiae have also been found to be deposited ~ commonly into boxes of earth, to depths of one inch or more. a og oe “es em ~ a & ite gg or s Vs 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 15 were seen to be identical. Since my arrival in Queensland late in 1911, this is the first time that this species has been met with, though my experience with all classes of hotels over the state (not to mention many coastal steamers) has been rather extensive (Brisbane, Roma, Mackay, Finch-Hatton, Towns- ville, Charters Towers, Ayr, Bowen, Proserpine, Lucinda Point, Ingham, Seymour, Halifax, Innisfail, Cairns, Nelson, Hambledon Junction, Babinda, Double Island, Herberton, Yungaburra, Malanda, Mareeba, Aloomba, Kuranda, Cook- town, Port Douglas, Mossman, Thursday Is., Cape River (farm house) and Hughenden). I have been to but one hotel in Brisbane, one in Mackay, but to about four or five in Towns- ville; in the former two places the hotels were of the first class while none of those in Townsville were poor, and only the few specimens met with were seen in the poorest of the four, the one which was cheapest, less well constructed, man- aged and so on and catering more to families than to tran- sients. Thus, I have thus far met with the species only in large towns while the poorer hotels of the hamlets and settlements seemed to be free of them, | > Miscellaneous Notes on Odonata. By Mary B. Lyon, With Comments on the Dimorphism of the Females of Ischnura verticalis, By Puirip P. Catverr. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON Oponata By Mary B. Lyon.* I. A note on the Emergence of Gomphines ...................- 57 II. The Nymph of Enallagma ebrium Hagen ...........0.c0ceeee 57 III. The Supposed Dimorphic Female of Ischnura verticalis Say.. 59 BEDMOREADY 6 6. ind dv, 64, 0:0 bestest ans raleic. 05:3 KOs ov dikbiak ee 62 In the course of an ecological study of the dragonfly nymphs of Cascadilla Creek, made at Cornell University in 1912-13, the results of which were published in the News for January, 1915, some observations on Odonata were made, * Contribution from the Limnological Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Cornell University. 57 I outside the scope of that work. These are here + and a description of the nymph of Enallagma mig ne |. A Nore ow tue Emercence or Gomrnixes. tt ¢ southern border of the Cornell University campus, all stream known as Cascadilla Creek divides into two inches. After running through a grassy meadow these two mn ches $ again unite to form Dwyer’s Pond. During the sum- he upper third of one branch dries up, making a pond of ler of it. The other branch becomes a slow, slug- ream. These quict waters with their beds of soft mud { make an ideal home for the Gomphine nymphs which ere in great abundance. How great I did not realize the morning of May 7, 1913, when the unusual number rds along the banks attracted my attention as I came into dow. When I walked over to look I saw a great many hine exuviae and closer examination showed many glis- ng wings among them. Along the banks of the stream and a ap ahollgrs barbed oer _ strewn with them. In a typical region I counted twenty-seven _ gast skins in a space only two feet square. Not a Gomphus "was seen on the wing nor were any observed for several days ; afterward! The sandpipers, bronzed grackles, red-winged coe cad setenty cane tis tad pore we feast, as this was evidently the one morning of the _ season which hundreds of Gomphines had chosen for their IL ‘Tue Nymen or ENALLAGMA Eprtum Hacen. Nores anv Description. In addition to the dense population of burrowing nymphs _ in this part of Cascadilla Creek there is another one composed ” chiefly of damselfly nymphs, which inhabits the waterweeds. One of the most numerous species of this group is Enallagma _ ebrium Hagen. Some of these nymphs taken into the labora- “tory and reared in a cylindrical wire gauze cage (Needham 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’ ’g9) emerged June 20. Imagos appeared in the field a few days later and were common until July 30, although by July 4 the season of transformation was practically over. As is the custom of other Enallagmas, the male usually accompanied the female during oviposition. I saw only one female descend beneath the surface of the water. She was deserted by the male, who hovered over the water in an agitated manner for ten minutes. He flew to the shore, but returned again to re- main twenty minutes longer above the spot where she had disappeared. On July 16a pair was copulating on the Alumni Field about an eighth of a mile from Cascadilla Creek, the nearest body of water from which they could have emerged. Description of Nymph.* (Plate I, fig. 3, text figs. 1-4).— The nymph of Enallagma ebrium Hagen appears more active than that of other species of Enallagma. Even at transforma- tion time the color is such a clear green that the nymph looks as though it had recently molted, but a very slight pigmenta- tion sometimes darkens the shade. ‘ ) 4 3 Fic. 1.—Labium showing the pet number of mental setae. ‘* 2.—Lateral lobe of labium shown in Fig. 1. ““ 3 and 4.—Labium and lateral lobe showing the extra number of setae. [*The nymph of E. ebrium has been described from a single speci- men by Dr. E. M. Walker (Can. Ent. xlvi, p. 351, Oct., 1914) some months after the receipt of Miss Lyon’s MS. by the News. Since Miss Lyon had a greater number of individuals at hand in drawing up her description and has accompanied it with figures, we publish her account as received. Plate I was published in the January number of the News.—Ep.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 539 Labiu Ywith hinge halfway between first and second pairs of legs. tal setae variable in number, usually four on one side, two on the of the four reduced to a mere spinule, as in the cor- f the two, while the one next to it may be nearly than the normal. Labium occasionally with four which are reduced size, especially on one side | preceded three minute teeth between which project two pinules. Femora with dark subapical rings. Tibiae with dark basal ng. Gills lanceolate; widest just beyond the middle, with blunt tips; cima margins straight and strongly spinulose; tee formed by pigment covering the tracheal tubes. nsior Body 12-13 mm.; gills ss mm. additional. _ Tue Surrosep Dimokrutc Femare or Iscunura ver- ? TICALIS Say. en 7 Mimorphiem of the female of various species of /sch- Tr g thas been generally accepted, two forms having been he bed as the orange and black females of /schnura verti- Age # Say in the keys of Calvert ('93). Williamson (‘oo), and ers. According to Williamson, both become pruinose, the Black female less so than the orange. He also notes that the re? __pruinose orange females are more numerous in the spring than etme that Sice eed pr hs most numerous in the autumn. Since it seemed probable that tems th be dere stages in celeration doe wo age, some experiments were undertaken to determine their _ felationship if possible. The results have proved that there is but one female for Ischnura verticalis Say. | Apparatus—The banks of Cascadilla Pond are straight — peagmati Into one of these banks a cut was made so _ that about ten inches of water might run into the bay thus formed. A simple cage was built to cover this bay together with a bit of the bank. The framework was made by crossing two pieces of heavy wire to form the diagonals of this rectangu- far space. The wires were bent at the corners so that when _* placed firmly in the ground they made a framework ten inches j high. Over this support a covering of white mosquito netting 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 was stretched, and above that a layer of cheese-cloth. The edges of both were fastened by stones firmly to the ground on three sides, that of the fourth being held down by the weight of the water into which it extended. A natural habitat was thus secured with grass, water, plenty of room for flight, and sunlight a part of the day. Experiment. 4 p.m. July 11. Eight orange females and four males of Ischnura verticalis Say which had emerged in the laboratory July 9 and 10 were placed in the cage. The length of the abdomen of the females was noticeably different and when measured was found to vary from 20.5 mm. to 23 mm., the hind wing varying in length correspondingly. Each day the grass was swept with an insect net, and when the damselflies were removed the catch was put into the cage to supply food. ‘The females were examined daily and the colors noted. Two orange females died and one was drowned within the first four days. 4 p. m., July 17. One female showed the first indication of change, the bronze black of its abdomen beginning to look dull and velvety. 9 a.m., July 18. The female noted on July 17 was found dead in the water. Three orange females now remained. On one the black was dull and velvety and the under parts of the head and thorax were greenish. 3 p- m., July 19. Two females were entirely pruinose and - agreed so closely with Williamson’s description of the living black female that I can do no better than to quote it. ‘“Bluish or grayish, pruinose; mid-dorsal thoracic and humeral stripes black; abdominal segments 1 to 7 with their apices darker, usually black, and 8 to 10 black.” The marking on segment 8 was a black triangle covering the posterior half of the segment, with the base of the triangle at the apex of the segment. The face, sides of the thorax and under parts were greenish. The pterostigmata of all four wings were brown. When placed in alcohol this specimen agreed entirely with Williamson’s de- scription. . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61 the remaining bright orange female was par , July 20. The orange of the female which was nn ting on the previous afternoon had changed to dark gwn on the thorax and head, but a little orange was still sib ee eee t sed 2. The remainder of Lo 1 was dull grayish blue and there was a band on the of segments 117 andthe posterior half of 8 while al of ts 9 and 10 were blackish. The face, sides of the thorax ne underparts were greenish yellow. ; two pruinose females were slightly darker in color, _ the apex of the blackish triangle on 8 having almost reached ith “aM border of the segment. These three individuals were ed in a smaller cage of wire gauze. mies x orange females which had emerged in the laboratory ns y 19 and 20 were now placed in the large cage and no 4 Ie taciaded a ) a. m., July 24. No change occurred until this date, when ARS orange female became slightly pruinose with a tinge of brown on the abdomen. Ps ; _July.2s. Two other females had become pruinose, and in time ese and the one observed July 24 assumed.a colora- tend the one first described. No further change was noted ___ in those which had been placed in the small cage except that became more pruinose. From these data we may conclude that the female of i | Takewre verticalis Say varies somewhat in size and at the time of emergence is marked with bright orange on the post- ocular spots, the thorax and the first three segments of the = Four days or more after emergence, this orange turns to brown and then to a gray blue. At the same time the bronze black becomes bluish or blackish. The face, sides of _ the thorax and the underparts become yellowish green. This entire color change may take place in less than eighteen hours, and may oceur cither before or after mating. The rapidity _ with which the color changes occurred after mating in the np gon -« he 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., °15 instance observed may account for the fact that no orange females have been seen ovipositing in the field. ‘The fact that the pruinose orange female assumes with age the deeper color- ation of the so-called black one, would naturally make this latter form far more numerous in the fall. BiBLIOGRAPHY. 1893 Catvert, P. P.—Catalogue of the Odonata (Dragonflies) of the Vicinity of Philadelphia. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XX, pp. 152-272. 1899 NeEepHAM, J. G.—Directions for Collecting and Rearing Dragon Flies, Stone Flies and May Flies. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 39, Pt. O. 9 pp. 1903 NrEpHam, J. G.—Aquatic Insects in New York State. Bull. N. Y. State Mus., 68, pp. 218-279. 1900 Watitamson, E. B.—The Dragonflies of Indiana. Geol. Surv. Indiana Rept., pp. 229-333. 7 pls. THe DIMORPHISM OR DICHROMATISM OF THE FEMALES OF ISCHNURA VERTICALIS. By Purp P. Catvert, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Of the authors who have written on the females of [schnura verticalis, I believe that only Calvert (1893) and Williamson (1900), both in part only, Ris (1903) and Walker (1908) have correctly recognized the true dimorphism which exists in this sex in individuals of the same age. ‘The two forms recognized hy others are not forms of equal age, but color dif- ferences due to age. Miss Lyon, in her preceding paper, has shown that the orange female becomes pruinose and black, but I think that she has experimented with but one form of female to be found in this and other species of [schnura, that which in treating of the genus, in the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana, I called the heterochromatic female, as being colored un- like the male. : The two true dimorphic or dichromatic forms are only to be : recognized with certainty when the student has teneral, or rela- tively recently emerged, females before him. ‘Their differ- ences may be most concisely shown in a table: : oN aH ip E } i iH ik i : 0G NEWS 63 HETEROCHROMATIC “stun” on on “omance,” 9 “creen,” 9 Not confluent with the | More or less confluent pale color af the rear with the pale color of the head. of the rear of the head. Pale bluish. Yellow or pale orange. Wider than the pale | Narrower than the antehumeral stripe. pale antehumeral stripe. Dark metallic blue or Yellow or orange with green, only the ar- emall black dots ticular membrane (four, two or one), between 1 and 2 pale. Pale bluish. Yellow or orange. Dark metallic blue or Yellow or orange with green for its entire black markings length, narrowed at varying from a nar- end. row crescent at two- a Giune mid-dorsal Yellow or orange. Yellow or orange, the hindmost fourth 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 715 Both of these forms have, in their earliest imaginal state, the eighth and ninth abdominal segments pale blue, each segment with a lateral black stripe each side, extending from the fore end to two-thirds of the segment’s length on 8, and to half-length of 9. The right and left lateral black stripes are connected with each other on each segment by a transverse black stripe at the fore end, which cross-stripe is distinctly wider (equal in some to even one-fourth of the segment’s length) on 8 than on 9 (on the latter a little more than a line). There is no constant difference in the size of these two females. The homoeochromatic female from which I have chiefly drawn up this description appears, from its chitinization, to he more immature than the heterochromatic female which I employed. There is, therefore, no ground for supposing that the former is an older and in consequence a more blackened form of the latter. Judging from the material before me, both the homoeochromatic and the heterochromatic females above described, become darkened and eventually pruinose. One can, in some cases, determine whether a partly blackened fe- male belonged originally to one or the other form by examin- ing carefully those parts compared in the table on page 63 and recognizing their shape, size or tint under the partial conceal- ment of the changing colors. Probably the pale blue on ab- dominal segments 8 and 9 disappears earlier in the hetero- chromatic females than in others. A hint that occasionally an intermediate or a composite of the two forms exists is afforded by a well-chitinized female taken by myself at Delair, New Jersey, August 13, 1903. In most respects it agrees with our table for the homoeochromatic form, but differs therefrom in having the pale post-ocular spots confluent for about one-third of the width of each with the pale color of the rear of the head, the sides of abdominal segment 3 with an orange tinge which invades the dorsum in the anterior two-fifths of the segment, leaving only a narrow mid-dorsal black line on this part of the segment and two or three small isolated black spots on the sides, the posterior three-fifths of the dorsum being solidly metallic greenish-black. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65 a ified in drawing up the preceding account: Females —Tinicum Is., Pennsylvania, June 22, ; west side Schuylkill River below Gray's Ferry, Phila- tia, May 4, 188, 1 teneral. Philadelphia, June 5, 1900, one speci- ‘little older. Philadelphia, May 22, 1904, 1 teneral. These four ominal segments 8 and 9 blue with lateral black stripes. Tini- eee nto tar ue chromatic Females —Tinicum Is., Pa, June 22, 1892, 1 teneral ; P Saw Christiana Creek, Elkhart, Indiana, ty 21, 1897, 1 teneral by R. J. Weith. Vermont, by Mrs. A. T. Slos- ‘specimen. Only the Tinicum Is. specimens have 8 and 9 blue SRE toes, at ah Soe have sellow or oranae diotinc on x and first three abdominal segments. (?) Female —The Delair female noted above. 8 specimens cited are in the collection at the Academy of t Sciences of Philadelphia At different times I have given s to Mr. E. B. Williamson and Prof. J. G. Needham. mor reamed nisks ¢ Oeil the tellowing which 1 ve » their original form: 2 il female Ischnura verticalis taken at pond, Botanical Garden, versity of Pennsylvania, &ss A. M.. May 13, 1004; able to fly, wings od dy ail quite Bay colors pale but sufficiently well-marked to see and oth abdominal segments were pale with a black stripe ‘side of cach as in the male of this species. Placed in a pint jar whose top was covered with a piece of netting; a bit of twig for fly to craw! on. 3.90 P. M. same day; dark colors much more marked, pat- as before. . Markings as on preceding record. No apparent change. A. M., do. May 186 P. M. do. May 19, 6 P. M., do. M May 21, 3.45 P. M. do. May 22, A. M., dead, but still evidently teneral, no pruinosity. of Ischnura posita collected same time [i. ¢., ete.) and place. If anything, more tencral than /. verti- not show any trace of pale markings on dorsum of 8 ¢., had practically pattern of adult. Three males, one female, -posita, taken 10 A. M.. May 14, 1904, likewise did not show - traces on 8-10 of a pattern different from that of the mature indi- 7ek : itt s * : het ies ; aa - A on 2E : ) ji 3 | 7 iq be " ol a : =” ie e ‘ 7 a 4 ~ < Me mR : - a: g re) 7 i 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 It is probable that the teneral female of J. verticalis of May 13-22, 1904, is the homoeochromatic female cited above as of May 22, 1904, although it is merely labeled “Phila., May 22, 1904.” Although it was kept alive in captivity for at least eight days, there is nothing in the notes to indicate that it was given any food and in this respect, and in its more limited range of movement, the experiment differed from those by Miss Lyon. These differences may account for the absence of color changes. The authors who have described the females of [schnura verticalis are the following: Say (1839) described a “slightly pruinose” female, but it is not pos- sible to determine whether it was of the homoeochromatic or hetero- chromatic form. In the original description, the signs ¢ and 9 have evidently been transposed, as the content and the first line of the account of the true male indicate. LeConte (1859) in his edition has retained these signs and has made the error worse by altering the word “female” to “male” in the first line of the description of the true male. Hagen (1861, page 76, under A. ramburii) very briefly described the heterochromatic female of such an age that “the whole of the abdom- inal dorsum” had become “brassy-fuscous” and a still more aged “pruinose” female which may have been originally homoeo- or hetero- chromatic. : Selys (1876) described an “adulte” and a “jeune” female, but there is nothing in the descriptions to indicate to which of the forms we have distinguished above they belonged. Provancher (1876) translates Hagen’s description of 1861 ander the same name, Agrion ramburii. Calvert (1893) distinguished a “black” and an “orange” female. Under the former heading he mentioned one as being “colored like ¢ (teneral)”; this is the homoeochromatic female of the present paper and some of the specimens on which this statement of 1893 was based are still before me. The other females referred to as “black” were said to have the “greater part of body pruinose,” etc.; this would apply equally well to aged homoeochromatic, or to aged heterochro- matic, females. The “orange” females of 1893 were evidently hetero- chromatic forms in which the blue of abdominal segments 8 and 9 had already been replaced by black. Needham (1808) figured a heterochromatic female of the same degree of coloration. ___-BNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67 ‘The two females described by Kellicott (1899) are, following his order, “(b) orange and bronze black” = a heterochromatic female as cribed by Calvert (1893), and “(a) black and green (pruinose)"” = ec heterochromatic ochromatic (i. ¢., postocular spots not connected) and the _ heterochromatic (i. ¢., spots connected) forms. His orange females are evidently heterochromatic forms like those of Calvert (1893) and of Kellicott (1899), but he perceived and recorded that “this form becomes entirely pruinose.” Ris (1903) regarded the females as showing “a curious polymor- _ phism.” His expression “In some teneral females of the green form +e" pper side of segments 8 and 9 is largely blue” refers to homoco- ic females of or of kellicotti, more probably the for- . While he does not the earliest stage of heterochromatic (i. ¢., those with blue on abdominal segments 8 and 9), he although his “fully adult” individuals of the latter are not the altered in their colors. (1903, pl. 17, fig. 5) has reprinted his figure of 188. > figures by Howard (1903, pl. xlvii, figs. 2, 4) scem to be refer- indeterminable form. | nose when old, appearing then as dust . . . The latter [black female] seems to become pruinose very soon after maturity.” The last-quoted sentence probably explains : and relations of this form have not been more largely _ Muttkowski’s descriptions of 1908 apply to the same conditions noted by Kellicott (1890). _ If my interpretation of specimens and of descriptions be Lyon’s work. 1. That she overlooked the presence of blue with the lateral black stripes on abdominal segments 8 and 9 of her youngest orange females, or 2, that the blue on these segments disappeared within 48 hours, or 3, that some orange 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 females never, at any time, possess this coloration on the two segments in question. The determination of the correctness of these assumptions affords a field for further observation and experiment. Those who undertake this should carefully note the colors of the living insects at frequent intervals with | reference to some work like Ridgway’s Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Bibliography Supplemental to that Cited by Miss Lyon, Say, 1839. Journal Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., viii, p. 37. LeConte, 1859. The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Ento- mology of North America. New York. Balliére Bros. Vol. II, p. 408. Hacen, 1861. Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America. Smith- son. Inst. Setys, 1876. Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg. (2), xli, p. 266. PRovANCHER, 1876. . Naturaliste Canadien, viii, p. 323. NEEDHAM, 1898. Outdoor Studies. A Reading Book of Nature Study. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago. American Book Co. P. 61, fig. 61. KeLticoTt, 1899. Ohio State University Bulletin (4), No. 5, p. 48. Ris, 1903. Ent. News, xiv, p. 216. Howarp, 1903. The Insect Book. New York, Doubleday, Page & Co. Watker, 1908. Ottawa Naturalist, xxii, p. 50. Muttrkowsk!, 1908. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., vi, p. 78. aiililies: ——— Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Dipterous Family Ephydridae.—II* By E. T. Cresson, Jr., Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, Pa. Dichaeta atriventris n. sp. Similar to caudata Fall. but smaller (3.0 mm.) and the abdomen is entirely shining black, especially in the female, without any traces of grayish apices to the segments; the face is somewhat shorter in propor- tion. Holotype—%, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Aug. 5915 ft. alt. (E.S. Tucker). [University of Kansas Collection.] Paratype.—1 4, with same data. This may be merely a variety of caudata but I have been un- able to find any intergradents. *Paper I. Ent. News, xxv. 241, 1914. _BNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69 walimna texana n. sp. imilar to P. appendiculata Loew, but averaging lighter in general or | of the non-coalescence of the brown irroration, espe- fially of the mesonotum. The fourth vein lacks the appendages so dis- tinctive « ‘sgehagen Furthermore the fore femora of the male have he mesal flexor cifiation well deyeloped, of curved flattened bristles, nile t lateral series is complete nearly to the apex and is composed lerous normal bristles arranged more or less irregularly towards _ ‘The fore femora and tibiae are slightly bent and their flexor pes more or less flattened. The wings are noticeably milky in well- d specimens. The females are difficult to separate from those rulata, especially those from the southern localities. This ly prove to be merely a subspecies of that species, but the Satie in h0 cadieheah Setubttenes' eh present to war- ieee as 0 basis for a sew epecies. | mee Austin, Texas, October 1900. [Washington te College Collection. } aratypes—2 2,5 2, sil ani ia. Ee eenee Sectells grein; Talieres loneh) yullow. s opake black, with median area slightly greenish ; lunule, face and 3 densely bluish white. Mesonotum: scutellum much obscured by hia row o hay det pleura brownish with propleural and i tural hoary spots. Abdomen shining apically. Wings hyaline i a Se tcte ten ich Frons with strong mesofrontal bristles, in- ae SUN Matis nf distlact grocilante pre-ocdilars, cleo 2 strong proclinate te _ orbital and a few setulae, the usual reclinate orbital being absent. Face a SINE Ginie as long'es brond, nearly Gat, very weakly carinate for its a full length ; 4-6 side bristles with a series of smaller ones nearer orbits. Cheeks equalling width of third antennal joint. Antennae short; third ___—— jeint rather conical, as long as broad; arista thickened on basal half, ss sytem Thorax and its chactotaxy normal. Scutellum flat, trun- q Abdomen of male clongate with segment 5 as broad as long, trun- _—s gate. Legs normal; hind femora with two series of setulae on lateral gg surfaces. Wings with second costal section 1.5 as long as third. Length, L§-2.75 mm. ___-Holotype—#, Berkeley Hills, Alameda Co., California, j April 20, 1908 (Cresson). [Type No. 6075. A. N.S. P.] q Paratypes—3 @,5 2, with same data. « Differing from all known American species in having no re- clinate frontal orbital bristles and in the face having two series 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., °15 of facial bristles. The intensity of the pruinose coating of the ‘mesonotum varies considerably, and the upper frontal orbital bristle is more or less developed but is always ne smaller than the lower. Parydra nitida sp. nov. Black, similar in form to P. biniber culate Lw. Front polished with hardly any perceptible brown pollen, and of a more or less metallic color; face with lower part, clypeus, cheeks and occiput whitish prui- nose. Metanotum also rather polished and nearly destitute of brown pollen, with the anterior portion of two median grayish vittae percepti- ble. Scutellum also polished, broadly rounded apically; the small apical tubercles not approximate and the lateral ones very small. Pleurae on lower part and pectus whitish pruinose. Mctanotum broadly polished medianly with the lateral angles distinctly pruinose, the respective areas sharply defined. Abdomen rather shining metallic green, more or less faintly whitish. Legs black with tarsi only faintly rufous basally; the basal and apical silver spots of tibiae very distinct. Wings as in P. bituberculata, but cross-veins rather faintly clouded, and second vein ending beyond posterior cross-vein. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. Holotype-—, Potlatch, Idaho. VI. 20. 1901. (J. M. Ald- rich). [Type No. 6071, A. N.S. P.] Paratypes.—2 8,2 2, with same data. The rather polished dorsal surfaces, the broad scutellum with the very small tubercles, and particularly the distinetively polished metanotum are the salient characters. CIRRULA nov. gen. In general appearance similar to Ephydra. Front broad, flat, slightly oblique but little depressed ; vertical bristles weak, only two orbitals, near vertex; frontal plate extending for- ward beyond line of facial orbits, with a widely separated pair of proclinate converging setulae at anterior margin. Face in general projecting but more prominent at the medial hump between the distinct antennal foveae, in profile slightly con- caved and retreating; evenly clothed with fine hairs; a tuft of very long down-curved bristles on the medial hump. An- tennae short ; second joint large, swollen ; third rounded. Meso- notum nearly destitute of bristles except marginally ; dorso-cen- trals represented by four short hair-like bristles hardly differ- entiated from the pile; acrostichals wanting; prescutellars ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7t Hume: 1 presutural small, 1 small supra-alar, 2 rs, 4 scutellars, 2 noto-, 1 meso-, 1 sterno-pleural pres- Abdomen normal. Legs long, more or less character- ly developed in male; claws nearly straight; pulvilli g. Wings normal with post.c.v. straight but oblique. ‘marked genus based 6n the tufted arrangement of bristles which are not situated on the sides of the lle SHE itu THe Fi,2f iH i a HG uit and one-half times as long as 4, triangular, rather acute apically ; of - wider and shorter in proportion. Legs with anterior coxac , very gray; all femora greenish-tinged and brownish, distinctly haired ; tarsi widely dilated and flattened, post-tibiae with an apical, . i iH : f b i next joint; extensor surface of post-tibiae narrowly polished. Wings brownish with costal sections 1 and 2 and veins 1 and 2 yellow. Length 7-9 mm. Holotype—é, Cohasset, Mass. Sept. 8, 1904. [Type No. . 6072. A. N.S. P.] Paratypes.—3 @ with same data. 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., Scatella intermedia n. sp. Black. Front twice as broad as long, shining, with a metallic green tinge and slightly gray pruinose. Face half as broad as vertex, as broad as long, protruding most at oral margin for about half the width of eye, entirely grayish or whitish with slight brown tinge above and later- ally; 3 to 4 laterally-inclined bristles each side, the lowest of which is much longer than the next one, also a short ventrally-inclined bristle at lateral angle; setulae distinct and numerous; oral margin ciliate anter- iorly. Cheeks half the width of antennae with distinct bristle. Third antennal joint slightly longer than broad, broadly rounded apically; arista twice the third, nearly bare. Mesonotum somewhat shining, more or less obscured by brown dust which becomes more bluish-gray at margins; anterior d. c. and sutural acrostichals present; no postacrostichals. Scutellum concolorous, flat, apex rounded. Pleurae more grayish below; metanotum bluish gray. Halteres yellow. Abdomen elongate, shining, brown and gray pruinose; segment 4 of male one and one-half times as long as 3. Legs more or less brown and gray pruinose. Wings blackish-tinged, with five diluted spots of same arrangement as in stagnalis Fall.; costal sections 3 and 4 subequal; ultimate section of vein 4 slightly longer than preceding. Length 3 mm. Holotype-—é, Milbrae, Salt marsh, San Mateo Co., Cali- fornia. March 20, 1908. (Cresson). [Type No. 6073. A. N. S. P] Paratypes.—2 $, 22, with same data. This may be pentastigma of Thomson, but only comparison of the types will make this certain. The wing spots are some- times very faint. The gray coloration of the thorax and ab- domen varies to some extent in its extensions. Belongs to the small group having both distinct anterior dorso-centrals and sutural acrostichal bristles present. Scatella intermedia var. obscuriceps n. var. Generally darker, with face dark brown or cinnamon-colored and wing spots more distinct. Holotype.—é, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. April 18, 1909. (Cresson). [Type No. 6074. A. N. S. P.] Paratype —1 8, with same data. I cannot cosiider this a distinct species although no inter- gradents have been seen. | _« ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73 New Species of Aphelinus (Hym.). EW. Resr, Assistant Government Entomologist, Lima, _ * Peru. scape long and slender, reaching to top of head, slightly a. SII as at ceed cused andes section Garauhoot ts I os es ccarenttoe whore ts tooo sharply to the articu- - Tations; ust a trifle less than half as long as the scape and its widest point, increasing gradually in being of lead'than half the size of {unicle joint 2, which SI fare fnseser on the poticel nd of «Ut lee than one hird length; the penultimate joint is from two-thirds to four- Speen 08 the potion and just a shady wider, it is also three times second funicle joint which it just exceeds in diameter; ultimate club joint, which is compressed laterally, is as the penultimate joint and at least one-third seen in broad outline), widest just distad of the middle tapers rapidly to a blunt point. A deep constriction the two club joints separating them quite distinctly. longitudinal keels and (in common with the rest of sparsely hairy. . Head and rest of body very similar to 4. diaspidis How. both in shape, position and number of hairs or spines and in general sculpture, except that the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum of A. capitis a longitudinally striated instead of showing the slightly tessel- u < E forewings, in structure, are nearest like those of A. mytilaspidis the discal cilia do not appear to be quite so ; In A. capitis there is a greater cilia on opposite sides of the hairless being seemingly shorter than in A. mytilaspidis being slightly longer. The latter cilia, although same numbers as those of A, mytilaspidis, more nearly the wing surface proximad of the hairless streak, thus producing the impression that the wing is less densely ciliated than in a A, mytilaspidis, Hind wings as in other species of Aphelinus. . Color: Head brownish yellow to orange yellow; eyes blackish ex- SPUN Sicce! Wahé Ghecegh thats, when they sqpear garact-coltred: . | i? z ' : i | 4 ditn ~ ocelli dark red; antennae concolorous with body or a trifle more 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 brownish; abdomen and thorax rather a dirty yellow which deepens in some places (notably on dorsal part of thorax) to a honey yellow or brownish yellow. Legs, very light yellow, often nearly white espe- cially toward their extremities; forewings, with a distinct fuscous { patch covering the proximal half, the fuscosity being especially pro- nounced around the stigma and at the proximal border of the patch of discal cilia, much as in A. fuscipennis How. Wing veins from honey yellow to almost hyaline. @. Unknown. Described from twenty-five female specimens reared by P. H. Timberlake, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, as fol- lows: from Aspidiotus hederae on Ivy (Hedera helix), Red- lands, California, February 20, 1911, and February 26, 1912, and at Santa Barbara, California, November 8, 1911, and May 7, 1912; from Chionaspis pinifoliae on Pinus radiata, Santa Barbara, California; July 8, rg11, and July 15, 1911; from Aspidiotus hederae on oleander (Nerium oleander), Santa Barbara, California, April 21, 1911, and May 4, 1911; from Aspidiotus camelliae on oleander (Nerium oleander), Whittier, California, March 27, 1911; from Aspidiotus sp. on Pinus radiata, Santa Maria, California, August 4, 1911; from Aula- caspis zaminae on Cycas revoluta, Montecito, California, Au- gust 2, 1912. Also two female specimens reared by the writer from Aspidiotus camelliae on Schinus molle, Pasadena, Cali- fornia, July 28, 1911. Both glycerine and balsam mounts. Type on slide labeled: Aphelinus capitis. Ex Aspidiotus camelliae Sign. on Hedera helix (Ivy). 14647 B. May 7, 1912. Santa Barbara, Cal. P. H. Timberlake. The above species greatly resembles Aphelinus diaspidis How. in shape, size, arrangement of the hairs or spines on the body and the infuscation of the wings, but in coloration it more nearly approaches Aphelinus mytilaspidis. Also in the cilia- tion of the wings it resembles most closely A. mytilaspidis. However, the small size of the first funicle joint of the anten- nae at once differentiates this from any other species of Aphe- linus, and together with the other differences pointed out above, render it a very distinct and unmistakable species. The hairy eyes are also rather exceptional in a species whose gen- eral color scheme is as light as that of the insect in question. just a shade more than half as long of the same diameter as the latter at its widest point, slightly longer than the second and the division be- (sometimes three and one-half times as one-third wider than the same (club scen in broad nearly equal cross sect roughout its length, only ciliated, all cilia being unusually long. On the fore- Wing the cilia prox to the hairless streak are fully twice as tong as the others and are arranged in four, or at most five rows. Color: Head brownish yellow to orange yellow, sometimes with a : ; ocelli, dark red; antennae, con- of body which is of a lemon yellow throughout, sometimes deepening to canary yellow on the dorsum; wings hyaline except for a small, faint fuscous patch on the forewings in the clear space between the insertion of the wing and the first discal cilia. ing veins from nearly hyaline to lemon-colored, Described from many female specimens reared by the writer at Lima, Peru, and throughout the Department of Piura, Peru, _from Pseudaonidia articulatus, Hemichionaspis minor and _ Aspidiotus camelliae on various hosts. Also reared by P. H. OL es ee os ’ —- = 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., Timberlake, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, from Chry- somphalus aurantii and Chrysomphalus aurantii citrimus on citrus trees at Avondale, Walnut, Carpenteria and Whittier, California. Type on slide labeled: 192° 3b.; Aphelinus quaylei ex. Pseu- daonidia articulatus on Ficus nitidis. Lima, Peru. January 31, 1914.—E. W. Rust. Named in honor of Prof. H. J. Quayle, who has so ably worked out the life history of this parasite; the account of which appears in Bulletin No. 222, California Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 131 (1911). At that time, however, the species was not recognized as being distinct from A. dias- pidis, and it is under the latter name that the life history is given. The figure (Fig. 21) published therewith is evidently that of A. diaspidis and not of A. quaylei, to which it does not conform in either antennae, abdomen or wings. Aphelinus limonus sp. nov. 9. Length, 09 mm.; expanse, 1.55 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 6.23 mm. Antennal scape rather long and slender, reauhing nearly to top of head, somewhat compressed laterally; pedicel a trifle less than one- third as long as scape and of same diameter as the latter at its widest point, increasing slightly in diameter from proximal to distal extrem- ity; funicle joints subequal, taken together they are about two-thirds as long as the pedicel and of about two-thirds the diameter of the same; penultimate club joint of same length as the two preceding joints taken together and of the same diameter as the pedicel; ulti- mate club joint somewhat compressed laterally, three times as long as the penultimate joint and about one-third greater in diameter at its thickest point; when seen in broad outline it presents one slightly curved edge while the other curves more sharply from near the cen- ter to the tip, causing the distal half of the club to resemble one horn of a rather blunt crescent. Club slightly longitudinally keeled, the two joints being distinctly separated by a well-defined articulation. Antennae very sparsely hairy. Eyes naked. Head (especially the vertex) and dorsal part of tho- rax marked with a coarsely tessellated pattern which is generally quite well-defined. Abdomen naked, and rest of body much less hairy than is common in this genus. lescribed from fourteen female specimens received from a thrhorn in a lot of Hemichionaspis minor on “pigeon- » Which he sent to this office from Honolulu, Territory of awaii, in June, 1911. Balsam mounts. iT yy ¢, one of four on slide labeled: 1° 3r. Aphelinus limonus . Hem chic minor on pigcon-pea. Honolulu, T. H. 1-5-1911. E. M. E. The type specimen lies closest to the - a: T S Sf ecie very closely resembles A. quaylei n. sp. and the fo OV ring points will be of especial use in separating them. . 1 7 ‘Aphelinus quaylei. Aphelinus limonus. ——& Smaller than A. limonus. t Larger than A. quoylei. 2 Siig more deeply colored | 2 Slightly lighter than 4. quay- lei. tremely long, often seeming even longer than those of A. id yellowish brown or | 3 Head lemon-colored, ownish orange. um of thorax striated. 4 Dorsum of thorax tessellated. wings with a slight fus- | 5 Wings hyaline. ya at insertion. | hairy. 6 Eyes naked. 7 «Eyes dark garnet red. 7 Eyes black. g joints fairly large, | 8 “Funicle joints smaller, regular we: joined and rather bead-shaped and well-separ- —h in outline. ated. 9 Club rather slender and ab- , 9 Club stouter and having a long- : ‘fuptly pointed. er curve to the point. " ' Discal cilia of wings ex- , quaylet. All types to be deposited in the United States National Mu- E ~ seum at Washington, D. C. 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 715 Experiments in Destroying Fruit Infested with Fruit Fly Maggots (Dipt.). By Henry H. P. Severin, Pu.D. Various methods for the destruction of fruit infested with fruit fly maggots have been recommended by entomologists. In Bermuda, according to Harris (4) some of the fruits in- fested with Mediterranean fruit fly larvae (Ceratitis capttata Wied.) “were collected in sacks, weighted by inserting a big stone before closing the bag, and thrown into the sea.” Her- rera (5) gives an account of destroying the Mexican or More- los orange worm (Anastrepha ludens Loew) by injecting gaso- line or benzine into each fallen, infested fruit, thus avoiding the transportation of heavy loads of oranges to the incinerator or burying ditches. The daily destruction of all infested fruit by burning, boiling or burying has been recommended by a large number of ento- mologists. Since the daily burning or boiling of maggoty fruit “is not always a convenient method,” as French (1) has al- ready pointed out, and we may add somewhat expensive on account of the fuel consumed, we endeavored to test out the cheaper methods of destroying infested fruit. A considerable difference of opinion exists among entomol- ogists as to the depth that maggoty fruit should be buried in the soil to prevent the adult flies from emerging. In Mexico, the Commission of Parasitologia Agricola formulated rules to control the Mexican or Morelos orange worm and recom- mended that infested fruit should be covered with about twenty inches of soil. Froggatt (2). In 1808 a fruit fly regulation was put into force in Queens- land and one method recommended for the control of fruit flies was to bury infested fruit “beneath not less than one foot six inches of solid earth.” Kirk (6). Mally (7), of South Africa, found that, if infested fruit was placed in the bottom of a pit and covered with ten inches of soil, the Mediterranean fruit flies emerged in abundance in due time, but if the soil was carefully tramped, no flies suc- ceeded in escaping. Vol. xxvi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79 French (1), of Victoria, recommends “an open trench about three feet deep in which the fruit should be buried and a cov- ering of earth rammed down.” Newman (8), of Western Australia, believes that “two feet of soil, well pressed down, will destroy all the maggots.” Gurney (3), of New South Wales, writes: “Burying fly in- fested fruit cannot be advocated. Pupae buried 6, 8 and 12 inches below the surface of the soil hatched, and adult flies readily made their way to the surface in all cases.” Van Dine (10), formerly stationed at the Hawaiian Agri- cultural Experiment Station, recom- mends that all melons and vines in- fested with the melon fly maggots (Dacus cucurbitae Coq.) should be collected at intervals of five or six days and covered with earth to a depth of several inches. A number of experiments were per- formed to determine the distance that the Mediterranean fruit flies and melon flies, after issuing from the puparia, were able to burrow through sand and soil. In the first experiment, several hundred melon fly puparia were placed on two inches of dry, sterilized sand at the bottom of a cylindrical jar (24x11% inches) and this jar was then filled with more of the same kind of sand. A similar vessel, half filled with dry sand, was then inverted over the top of the above mentioned jar This was done by placing a heavy glass plate over the mouth of the jar to be meade by meton then Dav) cucu turned upside down, inverting the the puparia. The back sens rep same above the other vessel and then an heed ghey pulling the glass plate out from be- 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 715 tween the two jars. A similar experiment was conducted with wet sand which had been previously sterilized. The puparia in both experiments were arranged in a circle close to the wall of the jars so that when the flies emerged and burrowed through the sand their paths might be seen. When the melon ilies emerged, many would bore up to the regions where the jars came in contact with one another and then escaped through the small spaces between the jars. These small spaces were due to particles of sand which rested on the rims of the jars. One could scarcely believe that these large flies were able to flatten their bodies to such an extent as to squeeze through such small spaces as existed between the jars. It was evident that some of the melon flies were not able to burrow as far as others, for many died at the upper end of the channels before obtaining their liberty. (See figure.) Flies would frequently bore into an excavation made by other speci- mens, and if the union of the channels would form a circular path, some of the individuals would continue to burrow slowly - round and round, and finally die in this endless passage. Usu- ally, however, most of the flies showed a definite orientation and bored more or less directly upward. This negative reaction to gravity is common with many insects after emerging from the egg or pupa. . As there was a possibility that the flies might have been hindered by being against the glass, holes two, three and four feet deep were drilled in hard soil with a fence-post borer. At the bottom of these holes from 100 to 1000 Mediterranean fruit fly or melon fly puparia were placed. The puparia were then covered with sterilized dry or wet sand or soil. After these pits were filled each hole was covered at the surface with a large, mouthed jar which rested tightly against the solid earth. The following table shows the number of Mediterranean fruit flies and melon flies which succeeded in boring through two, three and four feet of sand or soil: ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 es Taste |. ad Seow On, Linea cecnrdtiee wage EROWED TWO, THREE AND FOUR FEET OF SAND OR SOIL. Ceratitis capitata’ Decus cucurbitee buried} 2} 3 | af 2 | 3 buried in each hole | 100/100 | 1000), §00 | 500 that bored through tag 44 7 ’ 34 2 of fles that bored through . “4/0 ° er of flies that bored through ole! o 5 ° Je is evident from this whle that rger numberof bt IE ya oan cacsact x cease coon , and that very few flies succeeded in making their | thro th the more lumpy soil. ¢, which is often thrown into the garbage-can to destroy urvae of the house fly and blue bottle fly, would probably Neca cog csedae tor tale alae 7 h the infested fruit and vegetables, but this method <7 al id the cost. __~ Asa means of destroying the maggots of Ceratitis in fruit, Penzig®(9) recommends submerging “it for a short space of Bs, time in water.” alt Gurney (3) submerged Mediterranean fruit fly maggots in | Sea water “for periods varying from 6 to 45 hours” and in a each case a large percentage of the maggots developed into adult flies. In an experiment, melon fly aidinite were submerged in - fresh water for a period varying from two to four days, in Fe order to determine whether such larvae would pupate and give a _ ise to flies. Larvae were selected which had bored out of a z pumpkin and were ready to pupate. These maggots were sub- merged in seven inches of distilled water which was renewed ; daily. After remaining in the water for two, three or four | days the larvae were transferred to filter paper and after pupa- » tion the puparia were placed in moist sand in a breeding jar. The following table indicates the results obtained : v2) bo ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 TABLE II. NUMBER OF MELON FLY LARVAE WHICH PUPATED AND ISSUED AS ADULT FLIES, THE LARVAE BEING SUBMERGED IN SEVEN INCHES OF WATER FOR A PERIOD OF TWO TO FOUR DAYS, Days submerged Number Number of Adults fainber of iéreae oe sarees pupated dead pupae reared 100 2 75 28 47 100 3 16 II 5 b Cele) 4 fe) oO fo) Oranges which were infested with the larvae of the Med- iterranean fruit fly were thrown into a barrel containing water, while other oranges were cut in half before throwing them into the barrel. A day later many of the smaller maggots were found floating on the surface of the water while some of the larger maggots extended out stiffly from holes in the peel of those oranges which had not been cut. Some of these larger maggots were placed upon moist filter paper in a dish, and most of the larvae became active within several hours. Traces of life in a small per cent. of the maggots could be found after the infested fruit had remained in water for three days. After the fruit had been in the barrel of water for a period of four days, the contents were dumped into a half dozen boxes and covered with several inches of soil. No Mediterranean fruit flies, however, emerged. Undoubtedly certain chemicals could be added to the water, which would destroy the fruit fly mag- gots in the infested fruit in less time, but this again, would increase the cost. CONCLUSION. Burying infested fruit in over three feet of loose soil would require a considerable amount of labor. If Mally’s (7) method of burying fruit beneath ten inches of soil carefully tramped will prevent the fruit flies from escaping, it will not only prove to be one of the cheapest and most practical methods of de- stroying infested fruit, but it will also be a means of adding a valuable fertilizer to the soil. Submerging fruit in water for Vol. il _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 83 riod of four days would be quite effective, provided the id fruit is collected daily and submerged in water. The it methods, however, could be advantageously combined. ifested fruit could be collected daily and thrown into a barrel age of water, and when a sufficient amount has accumu- od the maggoty fruit could be buried. This would do away ‘the daily plowing or digging of trenches, filling in and ig of the soil. In large orchards, however, the daily of infested fruit would be rather expensive on it of the labor. C. 1907. Fruit Flies. Repr. Jour. Agric. Victoria. Bull. No. 24, pp. 1-14. , W. W. 1910. Fruit Flies. Dept. Agric. New South Wales. Farmers’ Bull. No. 24, pp. 1-56. vy, W. B. 1922. Fruit Flies and other Insects Attacking " Cultivated and Wild Fruits in New South Wales Ibid. No. ss. | PP. I-31. mais, T. I. 1907. The Bermuda Colonist. Published in Frog- ; ee paper, pp. 39-41. Sue A. L. 1908 The Orange Worm (Trypeta ludens). Jour. Rea Econ. Ent. I, No. 3, pp. 160-174. wit aes T. W. 1909. Fruit Flies. New Zealand Dept. Agric. Bull. % No. 22, pp. 1-18 x er : S 4 4 Matty, C. W. 1904. The Fruit Fly. Repr. Agric. Jor. Cape of “ees Good Hope, No. 28, pp. 1-18. & Newman, L. J. 1910. Fruit Fly. Dept. Agric. Industries. West- oe ern Australia, Ball. No. 38 pp. 1-11. @& +=Pewzic, O. 1887. Studi botanici sugli agrumi ¢ sulle piante affini. Ann. Agr. Minestero. p. 47. See Insect Life, III, pp. 80-81. to. Vaw Dine, D. L. 1907. The Melon Fly. Ann. Rept. Hawaii Agric. Exp. Sta. for 1907, pp. 30-35. g' The Seventieth Birthday of Prof. Metschnikoff. Science for Dec. 25, 1014, calls attention to the fact that Prof. Elias Metschnikoff (or Elie Metchnikoff), “the eminent Russian pathologist, who for the last twenty-six years has been engaged in research at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, will be seventy years old next” May and states that a Festschrift for him has been in preparation. It should : not be forgotten that in earlier years Metschnikoff published import- e ant papers on the embryology of scorpions (1871), of chilognathous myriopods (1874, 1875), of Hemiptera and other insects (1866). ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., FEBRUARY, I9I5. Selection of Papers for Scientific Meetings. As is shown on other pages of this issue, there were ninety- six papers on entomological topics presented at the Convoca- tion Week meetings in Philadelphia between Monday noon and Friday noon. A few of these were given simultaneously before different societies. Seventy-one papers were listed on the program of the American Society of Zoologists, to be delivered between 9 a. m. Tuesday and noon on Thursday. Fifty-seven titles appeared on that of the American Phyto- pathological Society, to begin on Wednesday at 9.30 a. m. and to end at some indefinite hour on Friday. What was the result? The non-appearance of some authors shortened the sessions. Some entomologists who were present and intended to read their contributions asked, when their names were called, that their papers be read by title only. The Zoologists found it necessary, on their third day, to divide into two sections holding sessions at the.same time. Everywhere communications were necessarily reduced to a minimum and full discussion was hampered by the ever-present sense of the lack of time. That a mental dyspepsia accompanied this feel- ing is self-evident. It is idle to think of increasing the number of days for meetings. ‘The remedy must be sought in some curtailment of the number of papers presented. In this way alone is the most valuable feature—full discussion—to be preserved. Cur- tailment can only be obtained by selection of a few out of the many. Presumably this choice must be made by executive committees of the organizations concerned. In many cases selection will be in favor of the older and better known men to the exclusion of the rising, younger membership, who should be encouraged. Difficult problems will thus be created, but there seems to be nothing else to do but to face them and solve them on the selection basis, although in some cases the issues will be evaded by a greater segregation of the societies in place and time. Thus does the Advancement of Science and the increase in specialization thwart us, driving us into narrower limits whether we will or no. 84 -—-ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 8s potes and News._ ° OF THE GLOBE. Change of Address. ‘A. Girault to U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C U. S. A. - Entomologists in the War. B Acnen, the dipterist, K. G. Blair, coleopterist, and N. D. Riley, eo all of the British Museum of Natural History, are said » front. (Science, Jan. 1, 1915). Identification of Specimens. fe following specialists will determine material in their respective from North America, unless otherwise noted. Those whose eS are preceded by * should be communicated with before sending n as their time for such work is limited, or they are inter- c MTG soecin) arvess. of aus. See the News for January, (198 ese ee. Ser senting cgecinens. nr and Mycctophilidac: O. A. Johannsen, hr | Acalyptratac, especially Ephydridac : E. T. Cresson, Jr.; Lepti- M. D. Leonard, Dept. of Entom., Cornell Univ. Ithaca, ‘assidac: FE. D. Ball, Logan, Utah; Aphididae (Material family should be provided with complete data on food correct of same, date and location of xe wut 1 [an F : ; : i ; Coccidae: *J. G. San- ders, Madison, Wis.; Chionaspis, Hemichionaspis and Phena- _ ¢aspis of the world: R. A. Cooley, Bozeman, Mont. ‘Hymaworrana—Tenthredinidac and Uroceridae: *A. D. MacGillivray __ Gog W. Michigan Avenue, Urbana, IIL; Aphidiinae and Ophii- ‘ nace: A. B. Gahan, College Park, Md.; Chalcidoidea: A. A. : Girault, U. S. Nat. Mus. Washington, D. C.; Megastignus fn Fd : i Z “ : f or 4 MALLoPHAGA Avernuna—*¥. L. Kellogg, Stanford Univ., Cal. Nevaorrera—W. E. Hinds, Auburn, Ala. Onrmorrera—*J. A. G. Rehn, Acad. Natural Sciences, Phila, Pa. Lerworrera.—Rhopalocera: Henry Skinner, Acad. Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. > 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. : The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of eac Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. Unless mentioned in the title, the number of new species or forms are given at end of title, within brackets. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 2—Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Phila- delphia. 4—The Canadian Entomologist. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London. 9—The Entomologist, London. 18— Ottawa Naturalist. 50—Proceedings of the U. S. National Mus- eum. 102—Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash- ington. 180—Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 195—Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. 198—Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. 220—New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick. 226—Transactions, Academy of Sciences of St. Louis. 322—Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia. 418—Report of the State Entomologist of Minnesota, St. Anthony Park. 447— Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 490—The Journal of Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois. 491—Transactions of the Amer- ican Microscopical Society, Decatur, Illinois. 494—Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London. 495—Massa- chusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst. GENERAL SUBJECT. Cassino, S. E.—The Naturalist’s Di- rectory. (Salem, Mass., 1914). 199 pp. Cooley, R. A.—Killing small arthropods with the legs extended, 490, i, 105. Criddle, N— Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 1914. Some personal impressions, 18, xxviii, 126-7. Headlee, T. jJ.—Re- port of the entomological department for 1913, 220, 789 pp. Her- rick, G. W.—Insects injurious to the household and annoying to man, (The Macmillan Company, 1914), 470 pp. Howard, L. O.— Report of the entomologist of the U. S. Department of. Agricul- ture (Ann. Rpt. Dpt. Agric., 1914), 16 pp. St. John, W.—Formal- dehyde useful in setting insects, 9, 1914, 325-6. Slingerland & Crosby—Manual of fruit insects (The Macmillan Company, 1914), 503 pp. _-RNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 AND EMBRYOLOGY. McClung, C. E.—A study of the Chromosomes in orthopteran spermato- xxv, 651-730. Payne, F.—Chromosomal variations hi the first spermatocyte chromosomes in the ppean carwig, Forficula sp., 388, xxv, 559-86. Turner, C. H.— mental study of the auditory powers of the giant silk- hs (Saturniidac), 198, xxvii, 325-32. A ACE HNIDA, ETC. Craig, C. F.—New varieties and species of mala arial plasmodia, 490, i, 85-04. Todd, J. L.—Tick paralysis, 490 : ETC. Ellis, M. M.—An Acanthosporid gre- fe from No. Am. dragonfly nymphs, 491, xxxiii, 215-22. Whe- nary notes on the Odonata of Southern Min- a, 413, xv, 77-103. kK PTERA. Rehn & Hebard—A synopsis of the species : ga Neoconocephalus found in America north of Mexico, Busck & Boving—On Mnemonica auricyanca, , xvi, 151-63. Kephart, C. F.—The poison glands of the larvae f the brown-tail moth. (Euproctis chrysorrhoca), 490, i, 95-103. a _P. & N.—Longevity in Saturniid moths and its relation to the function of reproduction, 226, xxiii, 1-78. Tsou, Y. H—Hom- ology of the body setac of some lepidopterous larvac, 491, xxxiii, - gta Walker, J. J.—Buddleia and butterflies; an American note, « *- ae 289-00, Buseck, A.— Descriptions of new micro L. of forest trees. (10 new sps.]; Life history of Eucosma haracana, 108, xvi, 143-50; 150. * ieee A—A new Elachistid moth from Manitoba, 4, 1914, 423-4. 4 DIPTERA. Back & Pemberton—Life history of the melon-fly = Fe a9 cucurbitae), 447, iii, 269-74. Hudson, H. F.—Lucilia gericata attacking a live calf, 4, 1914, 416. Severin & Hartung— The ravages, life history, weights of stages, natural enemies and methods of control of Dacus cucurbitae, 180, vii, 177-212. Shan- non, R. C.—Habits of some Tachinidae, 102, xvi, 182. Smulyan, MM, T—The marguerite fy (Phytomyza chrysanthemi), 495, Bul. -: 157. ' Dietz, W. G.—The Hebes gre group > of the dipterous genus Tipula [8 new], 2, xl, 345-63. Malloch, J. R—Notes on the dipterous genus Chyromyia. [2 new sps.], 102, xvi, 179-81. Parker, R. R.— B A new Sarcophagid scavenger from Montana, 4, 1914, 417-23. | Thomas, F. L.—Three new species of Trypetidae from Colorado, 4, 1914, 425-29. Tothill, J. D.—List of Tachinidae from the Prov- 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 15 ince of Quebec, 18, xxviii, 113-16. Walton, W. R.—Report on some parasitic and predaceous D. from northeastern New Mexico. [3 new species, 2 new genera], 50, xlviii, 171-86. COLEOPTERA. Boving, A.—Notes on the larva of Hydros- capha and some other aquatic larvae from Arizona, 102, xvi, 169-74. Browne, F. B.—The life-history of a water-beetle, 494, xx, 754-64. Duporte, E. M.—The wavy striped flea-beetle. (Phyllotreta sin- uata), 4, 1914, 433-5. Palmer, M. A.—Some notes on life history of lady-beetles, 180, vii, 213-38. Hopkins, A. D.—List of generic names and their type-species in the coleopterous superfamily Scolytoidea, 50, xlIviii, 115-36. Schwarz, E. A.—Aquatic beetles, especially Hydroscapha, in hot springs in Arizona, 102, xvi, 163-8. Schwarz & Barber—Note on Rhipidandri—a correction, 102, xvi, 175-77. Wickham, H. F.—New Miocene C. from Florissant. [many new], 195, lviii, 423-94. HYMENOPTERA. Tower, D. G.—Note on the number of spiracles in mature chalcid larvae, 180, vii, 248-9. Cockerell, T. D. A.—Bees visiting Helianthus [2 new species], 4, 1914, 409-16. Gahan, A. B.—Descriptions of n. gen. and sps., with notes on parasitic H. [12 new species, 2 new general], 50, xlviii, 155-168. A new sp. of Cheiloneurus with a key to the described species from the U. S. [C. amplicornis n. sp.J, 180, vii, 247-8. Marcovitch, §—A species of Megastigmus reared from larch seeds. [M. larias n. sp.], 4, 1914, 435-8. Some Soutn INDIAN INSECTS AND OTHER ANIMALS OF IMPORTANCE CONSIDERED ESPECIALLY FROM AN Economic PoInt oF VIEW. By T. Barnpricce FietcHer, R.N., F.L.S., F.E.S., F.Z.S., Im- perial Entomologist to the Government of India (late Gov- ernment Entomologist, Madras). Madras, India. Price 6 ru- pees (about $2.25). The author says the book does not pretend to do more than pro- vide a narrow and tortuous entrance into the vast and almost un- trodden field of Insect Life in India. As far as it is possible to give an insight into the insects of India, especially those of economic import- ance, in 546 pages, the work is a success. It is rather profuse- ly illustrated, having fifty plates in color and four hundred and forty text figures. This book is an example of what is taking place in the Tropics in the way of the study of insect life. Economic entomol- ogy is making rapid strides in the warm countries and its value to man is being recognized very generally. The following lines, quoted from the preface, are rapidly losing their significance: “To that part of Science folks style entomology Really demanded some sort of apology.” The author says that seven-tenths of the population of India are entirely dependent upon their crops whose produce is always lessened Beneficial ; are also i chapters on subjects not such works, as, Means of Defence in aa Insects; Tropisms; Symbiosis and o c. Vaeescrs Ix sux Hovsenow. By Gusxx W. Heancx, Professor of Economic in the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University. The Macmillan Company, New York. Price, $1.75. 470 pages and 152 illus- Tf one judges from the requests for information that come to scien- tific institutions, a work of this kind is urgently needed. Very few householders, if any, escape insect pests of one kind or another and ‘up-to-date, authoritative information will now be available to the — Whi is not intended as a treatise on insects in re- are admirable chapters on some of these is the bibliography following chapters deals with a group activities. This is illustrated by the chap- to clothes and : ants and their ac- f the houscholkl. We consider this one of recent books on economic entomology or its ( Advertisement.) ty .* a. a0 nglhng rm —— as eo < early twenty years’ work essor Slinger in studying re: apie tee of the fruit-growers.of New York State. The more i insect pests of deciduous trees are treated and minor pests means of control are given from the stand- commercial fruit-grower. Most of the illustrations are by Professor Slingerland. There are 492 pages, and an index of the names of the insects treated. make a rather compact group and lend themselves treatment. are professional growers who valuable to them and it will also appeal to it trees around his home. The illustra- and in some cases excellent. Some tone illustration than others photography. The junior eit i FFia i i i | i fiz H i 75 E tH 1 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 715 Doings of Societies. THE CONVOCATION WEEK MEETINGS. The American Association of Economic Entomologists and the Entomological Society of America held their annual meet- ings in Philadelphia between December 28th, 1914, and Janu- ary I, 1915, as announced in the News for December, 1914, pages 469-470, except that the closing session of the former occurred in the morning, instead of the evening, of December 31. One hundred were in attendance at the Tuesday after- noon session of the Economic Entomologists, seventy-five at the Thursday afternoon and fifty-six at the Friday morning sessions of the Entomological Society. These are probably not the maximum figures. Fifty-seven papers were listed on the programs of the Economic Entomologists, twenty-seven on that of the Entomological Society. Ten papers relating to in- sects were included in the list of the joint meetings of the American Society of Zoologists and Section F (Zoology) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Two others of entomological bearing were presented else- where. The total of 96 exceeds those of 85 and 74 for the corresponding societies in 1912 and 1913 respectively. The proceedings of these societies will be duly published elsewhere, but it will be of some interest to our readers to present here the titles of the papers, grouped according to subject. Those unmarked are from the program of the Economic Entomolo- gists, those starred (*) from that of the Entomological So- ciety ; others are designated by abbreviations of the respective societies’ names. GENERAL SUBJECTS.—H. T. Fernatp, Amherst, Mass., Annual Address of the President. Some Present Needs of Economic Ento- mology—StePHEN ALrrep Forses, University of Iflinois, Ecological Foundations of Applied Entomology.*—Henry SxKinner, Academy of Natural Sciences, A History of the Entomological Society of America.* —W. E.. Britton, New Haven, Conn., The Academic Training of the Entomologists in Colleges and Experiment Stations of the United States—V. E. Suevrorp, Urbana, Ill., Suggestions as to the Original Habitat and Distribution of Various Native Insect Pests.—CHARLES Vol. xxvi} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ol —— a ae , U. S. National Museum, On Proper Generic Con- Bawxs, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Suggestions | ng Affinity and Phylogeny.\—C. P. Gnerre, Colorado Bricakn College, Insect Notes from Colorado.*—A. D. MacGnu- University of nos, The Modiication of the Subcostal Vein in “al s of Insects.* ‘OLOGY.—F. Parws, Indiana University, A Stody of the Matu- m Period in the American and European Molecrickets (Amer. T. Hamman, Kansas State Agricultural College, Sper- ' pee (Amer. Soc. Zool.) —D. H. Wenaicn, Har- rsity, Synapsis and the Individuality of the Chromosomes ir, Soe. Zook). TYSIOLOGY—Geonce A. Dean and R. K. Navouxs, Manhattan, A Mew Air Conditioniog Aggarates (an iastrated description SMT iaiciiar aber aod trecling chenber).—A_F. Con St Giamsca College, 8. C. ‘The Molstere Pactor ia Relation to sects (a brief presentation of the moisture temperature relation in ec save) —N. E. Mcinpoo, Bureau of Entomology, The Reflex ‘ of the eee ace we pean ce Caner d ‘Temperature and Moisture.*—E. Newrow Haavey, Princeton Univer- a oop lta L. Douxy, Jn, Randolph Macon College, Reactions , " GENETICS.—E. Cantetox MacDowszt, Carnegie Institution, Bristle ‘ EEE ts Dececghie (Amer Soc. Zool.) —Romexr K. Nasovurs, + Kansas Agricultural College, The Behavior of a Unit Character in a Grouse Locust, Paratettix (Amer. Soc. Zool.) —A. Franxum i. University of Michigan, Parthenogenesis and Sex in Antho- thrips verbasci (Amer. Soc. Zool.) —T. H. Morcax, A. H. Srvuere- vant, C. B. Brinces and H. Mutiex, Columbia University, Demonstra- tion of the Four Hereditary Groups and the Four Pairs of Chromo- somes Of Drosophila (Amer. Soc. Zool.). INSECTS INJURIOUS TO PLANTS.—C. G. Hewrrr, Ottawa, Can., The Brown-tail Moth in Canada (the introduction and present status of the insect in Canada, with an account of the preventive and ” _ eradicative measures) —C. H. Havtey, Ja, Durham, N. H., Contact 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’15 Sprays for Brown-tail Caterpillars (result of spraying young brown- tail caterpillars in the spring with various contact sprays of different strengths).—E. A. McGrecor, Batesburg, S. C., Tenuipalpus bioculatus McG., A Serious Pest to Privet Hedges (description of pest’s work with notes on life history, habits and methods of control).—E. P. Fett, Albany, N. Y., Fumigation for the Box Leaf Miner (a summary of the effects of various fumigants upon both plant and insect).— V. I. Sarro, Louisville, Ky., The Nicotine Sulphate-Bordeaux Combi- nation—P. J. Parrorr and W. J. ScHornr, Geneva, N. Y., Insecti- — cidal Properties of Various Sulphides and Polysulphides (results of experiments with insecticides containing sulphides and polysulphides of sodium, potassium, calcium, and barium as regards effectiveness against various injurious insects)—W. M. Scott, Baltimore, Md., A New Contact Insecticide (results of experiments in the use of a dry barium sulphur compound as compared with lime-sulphur solution for the control of the San José scale and the oyster-shell scale).—J. W. McCuLtocu, Manhattan, Kans., Recent Results in the Use of Dust Sprays for Controlling the Corn-Ear Worm.—L. Haseman, Columbia, Mo., The Corn-Ear Worm and Its Control—Gerorce A. Dean, Man- hattan, Kans., Further Use of Poisoned Bran Mash Flavored with Fruit Juice for Controlling Insects (Effectiveness of this bait in con- trolling army worms invading fields and gardens; also in controlling variegated cutworms, black crickets, and grasshoppers).—E. P. Fett, Albany, N. Y., Grasshopper Control in New York State—wW. C. O’Kang, Durham, N. H., Arsenical Residues on Fruit and Grass (Sum- mary of further experiments to determine the residues on fruit, foliage and grass after spraying with arsenate of lead, and the possible danger of poisoning human beings or livestock) —H. H. P. Severin and H. C. Severin, Marietta, Ohio, Kerosene Traps as a Means of Checking up the Effectiveness of a Poisoned Bait Spray to Control the Mediter- ranean Fruit-Fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) with a Record of Bene- ficial Insects Captured in the Kerosene—L. Haseman, Columbia, Mo., The Work of the Cotton Worms and Moth in Missouri (Work of the pest on cotton and injury to fruit; also notes on development of the pest and control measures).—H. B. ScAMMELL, Pemberton, N. J., The Cranberry Root Worm (History, distribution, life history and habits, with recommendations for control).—W. M. Scott, Baltimore, Md., Arsenate of Lime as an Insecticide (Report on the use of arsenate of lime as a substitute for arsenate of lead in the control of the codling moth and certain shade tree insects) —H. A. Surrace, Harrisburg, Pa., Frauds, Semi-Frauds and Questionables (Brief discussion on the diffi- culties met by an economic zoologist in combating materials of more or less questionable value, recommended as insecticides)—W. W. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93 ando, Fla, Spraying Scheme for the Control of Insect x ¢ dates to spray to produce best results) —H. J. ive Cal, The Citricola Scale (Coccus vitricola) (A ty account of the insect from the economic viewpoint).—P. J. I \RROTT, 7, Geneva, N Y., An Analysis of Spraying Methods against the “ ies (Brief discussion of preliminary experiments on castern we m methods of spraying aril of some factors that should be ii Manlesdhens 66 @ Geiving trey ini commercial sbple : var New York)—E. G. Trrvs, Logan, Utah, Apple Leaf eget paar sa ec during the present season) —Guewx W. Heesicx, Ithaca, lurther Data on the Control of the Fruit-Tree Leaf-Roller 4s argyrospila) —P. W. Guexn, Urbana, Ill. The Apple Flea ; ene ems) (General account of occurrence in Illinois. tory, habits and methods of control) —E. N. Cony, College Park. reliminary Report on the Woolly Aphis (Report of control ure investigated ).—A. F. Conzant, Clemson College, S. C., Results aan +-Worm Investigations (Life history and control of the wire- forms, Horistonotus whleri and Monocrepidius vespertinus in South na).—W imo Newett, College Station, Tex. Notes on Insects Sudan Grass (Information concerning well-known insects Sudan grass, an important forage crop of the semi-arid west).—S. J. Huwrer, Lawrence, Kans. Some Economic Results Year —W. R. McCoxwett, Hagerstown, Md. An Unique Type tt Injury (An account of an insect which prevents the proper - funetic of the root-nodules of certain legumes).—C. L. Mercatr, Columbus, Ohio, A Mechanical Measure for Controlling the Flea- cetle (Epitrix fuscula) on Potato—J. R. Parker, Boreman, Mont, n Outbreak of the Alfalfa Looper (Autographa gamma californica eyer).—A. I. Bourne, Notes on Onion Maggot in 1914 (Brief notes _ on work of present season's progress in the scout for practical methods _ of control)—H. H. P. Severrw and H. C. Severtx, Marietta, Ohio, Life History, Natural Enemies and the Poisoned Bait Spray as a * Method of Control of the Imported Onion Fly (Pegomya cepctorum _ Meade), with Notes on Other Onion Pests.—E. G. Trrvs, Logan, Utah, - Insects of the Year in Utah (Principal insects causing damage this year noted on account of unusual character of some outbreaks) —C. W. Canrenrer, A Method of Excluding Mites from Pure Cultures (Amer. _ Phytopath. Soc.) —Also the following papers from the program of the _ American Association of Official Horticultural Inspectors (Section of Horticultural Inspection of the Association of Economic Entomolo- ohn): E. R. Sasscerx, Fed. Hort. Board, Washington, D. C., Important Insect Pests Collected on Imported Nursery Stock in 1914—H. B. 8 So SR vn. 7 oe oe : 2 eo -. ae S 04 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 715 Weiss, New Brunswick, N. J., Some Recent Insect Importations into New Jersey.—Informal Discussion of Question 1. Should further importation of all nursery stock be prohibited by Federal law, except in very limited amount for experimental propagation by the U. S$. Dept. of Agriculture?—Informal Discussion of Questions 2 and 3: 2. What is the proper treatment for scale-infested premises in close proximity to nurseries? 3. Should we require fumigation of all susceptible nursery stock grown in states known tobe generally infested with San José scale?—A. W. Morritt, Phoenix, Ariz. (a) Standardized Inspection Certificates, and (b) Should Living Plants be Excluded from the Mails? —L. Haseman, Columbia, Mo., The Missouri Inspection Service.—R. Kent Beattie, Fed. Hort. Board, Houston, Tex., The Training of a Nursery Inspector—Informal Discussion of Questions 4 and 5: 4. By what means can the standard of efficiency of inspectors be raised? 5. Should horticultural inspectors furnish a bond?—T. J. Heavier, New Brunswick, N. J., Essentials in Insect Control (A plea for greater sim- plicity) —J. G. Sanpers, Madison, Wis., A Model Nursery and Orchard Inspection Law (Progress report), with General Discussion led by Ws. Pirxin, Rochester, N. Y., Chairman of Committee on Legislation of the National Association of Nurserymen. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO MAN.—T. J. Heavier, New Brunswick, N. J., The Problems Involved in the Practical Work of Controlling the Mosquito Pest within the Limits of a County (a brief statement of the problems and methods of meeting them. Based on two years’ experi- ence with such work).—R. A. Cootry, Bozeman, Mont., A Review of the Spotted Fever Tick in Montana—F. C. Bisuopp, Dallas, Texas, Flies which Cause Myiasis in Animals (Some aspects of the problem).— James ZETEK, Entomologist, Republic Panama, The Ecology of Plague* Sitter, J. F., Garrison, P. E., and MacNeat, W. J., New York, Re- cent Studies of Pellagra (Soc. Amer. Bacter.). APICULTURE—Witmon Newett, College Station, Tex., Address by the Chairman—Five-minute talks on apiary inspection work and foul brood situation in different states by apiary inspectors.—E. F. PHiviips, Washington, D. C., Distribution of American Foul Brood and European Foul Brood in the United States—W. E. Brrrron, New Haven, Conn., A Simple Record System for Apiary Inspection—Burton F. Gates, Amherst, Mass., Inspection as a Unit in the Massachusetts Apicultural Service. NEUROPTERA.—Natuan Banks, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Geographical Distribution of Neuropteroid Insects, together with an Analysis of our Insect Fauna.* COLEOPTERA.—A. G. Rucctes, St. Paul, Minn., The Life History of Oberea ulmicola (?). HYMENOPTERA.—J. W. McCuttocu, Manhattan, Kan., Further Vol. xxvil ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95 m the Life the life hist ory studies of the past summer) —H. A. Surrace, Harris- burg, Pa., Efficiency of Parasites of the San José Scale (An outline on te efficiency of parasites in cleaning up this pest; their natural spread nsylvania, and their successful dissemination by artificial means). ID OPTERA.—C. P. Guerre, Colorado Agricultural College. retatior 1 of the Codling Motlt Data from Colorado.*—L. Hass- of Missouri, Life-history, Development, and Work of Ui d Tentiform Leaf-miner of Apple.*—Epxa Mosuer, Univer- a nt Pupal Characters Used in the Classification of the a fidae.*—Conneuia F. Kernanr, Cornell University, The Poison f Automeris io, Fabr.*—Paurt S. Weicn, Kansas Agricultural The es of Nymphula maculalig Clemens.* . P. Guterre, Fort Collins, Col, Notes on Plant oe Reve po sled Food Habits; Food Habits of Some Colorado Aphid: *—R. A. Cootzy, Montana Agricultural College, A Photographic wD. of the Development of the Female Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn.*— : W. D Fuwxuousex, Ithaca High School, Notes on the Life-histories of ai in Membracidac.*—H. Ospoax, Ohio State University, On the Life- of Cercopidae and Jassidac.*—Moatimer D. Lrowann, Cornell sity, Notes on Capsid Life-histories*—C. R. Crossy, Cornell y, An Insect Enemy of the Four-lined Leaf-bug.°—Anwa Mi Mews, University of Illinois, The Homology of the Genitalia of the Chinch Bug Egg Parasite (Results of MAN L ; +oee % eg ‘ — hhee a . Years Collecting in the Tachinidae;* The Habits of Sar- 7 en ; Faxpemicx Kxan, U. S. National Museum, The Nemocera mote Natural Group of Diptera.*—Auvau Prrexson, University of Illinois, Studies on the Morphology of the Head and Mouth-parts of _ Diptera.* q o> OBITUARY. ficece Murr, the widely-known mountaineer and Californian Phente, died suddenly of pneumonia, at the California Hos- pital, in Los Angeles, on December 24, 1914, at the age of _ mearly 77 years. His books, especially The Mountains of _ California, Our National Parks, My First Summer in the Sierra, will always be read and valued by the Californian natur- _ alists. Two species of Lepidoptera were named in his honor by Henry Edwards in 1881 ; a pretty little noctuid moth, Gyros _muirti, from Tuolumne County, and Thecle muirii, from _ Mendocino County. After describing the latter butterfly, 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 7°15 Henry Edwards says? “I have named this exquisite little spe- cies after my friend John Muir, so well known for his re- searches into the geology of the Sierra Nevada, who has frequently added rare and interesting species to my collection.” A chapter on The Bee Pastures of California is of interest to the entomologist. Muir was President of the Sierra Club, Fellow of the A. A. A. S., and member of other societies. Muir Lodge, in the San Gabriel Mountains, north of Los Angeles, is a memorial to him by the Southern California Sec- tion of the Sierra Club, which insect collectors will frequently pass in the years to come. With the late Joseph Le Conte, John Muir was known and loved by a larger number of people than any other Californian naturalist. Forpyce GRINNELL, JR. WitttAM WarREN, English Lepidopterist, known especially for his work on the Geometridae, died at Tring, October 18, 1914. He was born in Cambridge in 1839, subsequently gradu- ated at the University there, taught at the Doncaster Grammar School and later “relinquished the calling of schoolmaster alto- gether and went in for Entomology pure and simple.” He was a most active and vigorous field worker to the end of his life. A brief obituary notice in the Entomologist’s Monthly Maga- zine for December, 1914, has supplied the above information. Dr. DANtTEL ELMER SALMON died recently at Butte, Mon- tana. He was born at Mount Olive, Morris County, New Jersey, July 23, 1850, and studied veterinary medicine at Cor- nell University. He entered the service of the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture in 1879 and was chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry 1884-1906. In 1907 he became director of the Government Veterinary School at Montevideo, Uruguay. He was joint author, with Dr. C. W. Stiles, of Cattle Ticks (Ixodoidea) of the United States, a work of 111 pages and 25 plates, published in the Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for rgo2. ERRATUM. P, 28, this volume, ‘‘ Table II”’, last figure in second column should be 3 instead of 6. Ent. NEws, VoL. XXVI. Plate III. NEW MEMBRACIDAE—FUNKHOUSER. A rie NEWS {OCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Vou. XXVI. MARCH, CONTENTS: 1915. No. 3. Exterminatios seer ** BbSedSe ccoccccccoeeesocoese*s se eeeeee See eee Heh eee ee SEEPS ERE H TRH R RRR Hee ‘pia a [New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., | Homop.). * By W. D. Funxnovuser. (Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.) ; (Plate 11) 1. Telamona alta sp. nov. (Plate III, Figs. 1 and 2.) This species bears the highest crest of any Telamona hith- erto described. The crest is erect and tongue-like, suggesting forms of Butler’s genus Glossonotus, but is placed well the humeral angles. The species should be easily rec- ognized by the high crest and prominent humeral angles. Ferruginous brown mottled with black. Pronotum bearing com- Head ycllowish-brown, finely punctate, punctures yellow at base of head, black at apex, lorae roughly sculptured; base of head broadly sinuate; ocelli yellow, nearer to each other than to the eyes; cyes 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., ’15 deep brown, wider than high; clypeus with deep longitudinal fossa on each side of median ridge, depressed circular pit at base. Pronotum finely punctured with brown and black, not pubescent; two black circular spots and a U-shaped depression above each eye; humeral angles prominent, triangular, extending beyond the eye to a distance equal to the width of the latter; percurrent median carina alternately black and white before crest; crest twice as high as wide, arising behind lateral angles, straight and erect, much compressed, anterior margin almost straight, slightly sloping at base, apex rounded, posterior margin slightly step-like in middle with white spot above step, margin irregularly marked with shining brown, sides of crest roughly black- punctured, giving the whole a dark appearance; posterior process. slightly ridged, tectiform, gradually acute, extending just beyond tips of tegmina. Tegmina hyaline, about half-concealed by the pronotum, tips fuscous, base and costal area lightly punctate, veins prominent with punctured borders. Under surface of body yellowish with white pubescence. Legs fer- ruginous; pulvilli bright red. Type—Female. Length, 10.5 mm.; width between tips of humeral angles, 7 mm.; height from lateral margin of pronotum to tip of dorsal crest, 7 mm. Locality: Spring Creek, Georgia. Collected by the author July 20, 1912. 2. Carynota maculata sp. nov. (Plate III, Figs. 3 and 4.) Size a little smaller than C. mera Say to which it seems most nearly related, but differs from that species in color, in form of body and in shape of pronotum. Should be recognized by the black color with yellow markings, the low anterior pro- notum, the flattened dorsum, and the very prominent swell- ings at the base of the head. Dorsum not laterally compressed; rounded before and flattened above. Wings with apical areas sessile, their bases truncate. Color black with irregular markings of orange yellow. Head convex, slightly wider than long, yellowish mottled with black, roughly sculptured, finely punctate, sparsely pubescent; two large sub- globular protuberances on front of head, one on each side of median line at base; ocelli situated meso-cephalad of protuberances and nearer to each other than to the eyes; eyes brown and not prominent; clypeus small, pilose. Pronotum black with irregular patches of yellow, densely and finely punctate; very low in front, flattened on dorsum, somewhat swollen ae te ccmacted be: br. L. H. Weld at Fla., April 14, 1914, and at Gainesville, Fia., ee 23, 1914. ‘Tam indebted to Mr. Harold Morrison for these specimens which he very kindly gave me front his own collection. | cae mit sn (Plate III, Figs. 5 and 6.) This is probably the smallest North American species of ine It may be recognized by the small size, by the characteristic milky spots and lines on the pronotum, and by the fact that the humeral angles do not project outward as a far as the eyes. "process slender and somewhat fuscous. Eyes prominent. Tegmina and fae oo. _ _Head orange-yellow, translucent, smooth, slightly marked with _— greenish-white; clypeus extending for half its length beyond line of + Jorae, pilose; ocelli white with border of brilliant red, somewhat nearer to each other than to the eyes ; eyes large, prominent, extending beyond humeral angles, brown with red borders. Pronotum compressed; narrow and convex in front; densely punc- tate; mottled in front with irregular white spots sometimes slightly tinged with green; humeral angles rounded, only slightly produced; median percurrent carina almost obsolete in front; dorsum compress- ed, sides of pronotum marked with two white lines; posterior process . suddenly acuminate, narrow, sharp, extending beyond internal angle Of tegmina. Tegmina hyaline, very slightly punctate at base, extreme apical border _ faintly fuscous. 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., 15 Under surface of body yellow, abdomen compressed laterally. Legs yellow; front tarsi and claws slightly ferruginous; apices of hind tibiae with very small black spines. Type—Male. Length, to tip of abdomen, 3.4 mm.; to apex of teg- mina, 5.2 mm. Width between humeral angles, 1.8 mm. Locality: Spring Creek, Georgia. Described from one specimen collected by the author July 22, 1912. 4, Ceresa occidentalis sp. nov. (Plate III, Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10.) Near C. brevitylus Van Duzee, but more robust, supra- humerals shorter and blunter, and without the black mark- ings on pectoral sclerites or femora. May be recognized by the low, broad pronotum, the blunt, rounded clypeus, and the very convex metopidium. . Bright green, becoming yellowish in cabinet specimens. Form ro- bust, metopidium convex, suprahumeral horns short and stout, posterior process slender and decurved, clypeus rounded. Punctate but not pubescent. Head yellow-green, roughly sculptured, longitudinal striae near eyes, very finely punctate; clypeus rounded at apex, continuing lateral mar- gins of lorae, a longitudinal impression near each lateral angle, tip densely pilose with white hairs; ocelli translucent with orange borders, situated slightly below a line drawn through center of eyes, almost equidistant from each other and from the eyes; eyes brown, extend- ing beyond sides of pronotum but not as’ far as tips of humeral angles. Pronotum green, densely and coarsely punctate, not pubescent; ascending nearly straight above head, convex between suprahumeral horns, feebly arcuate in middle, dorsum somewhat flattened, semi- circular impression not prominent; median carina percurrent; humeral horns short and blunt, extending almost directly outward and at tips slightly backward, not at all upward; front of pronotum having long, transverse, smooth, irregularly-shaped areas dorso-mesad of eyes, these areas yellowish and shining; posterior process long, slender, sharp, much decurved, reaching beyond tip of abdomen and more than half way from internal angle to tip of tegmen. Tegmina clear hyaline; lightly punctate at base, veins greenish. Under surface of body yellow; last ventral segment of female broad and deeply, roundly notched; sheath of ovipositor greenish. Legs uniform greenish yellow with long white hairs; tarsi and claws some- what ferruginous. Type—Female. Length 6.5 mm.; width, 3.6 mm. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Ior mperial Co., California, Collector: E. O. Essig. m indebted for the specimens on which this species i to Mr. E. O. Essig, of Sacramento, who has very Snialisd ‘tae’ with sone interesting California material. ; % EXPLANATION Prate IIL 1, Telamone alta sp. nov. ( view) Telamona alta sp. nov. (Cephalic view) 3 Carynota maculata sp. nov. (Lateral view) ee Cargnete maculete 99. nov. (Cephalic view) ne minuta sp. nov. (Lateral view) icisiksle tslavte va, nov. (Cephalic view) eee conan’ 2 (Lateral view) occidentalis sp. nov. (Cephalic view) occidentalis sp. nov. (Dorsal view) b Ceree eccidentalis 9. nov. (Last ventral segment, female.) _ __ Additions to Insects of New Jersey. ite 7 sD Wess, New Brunswick, N. J. the publication of the 1909 Report of the New Jersey te Museum containing “The Insects of New Jersey” by Dr. amen the following additional species have come to » records of which have been taken from Extomotosi- uN Bulletins of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, sorts of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, of the American Entomological Society, Bulle- 2 , the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, publications of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Proceedings of the U. S. Ba Museum and personal observations. Thanks are due to Mr. C. A. Frost and Mr. Dury for determinations made in the Coleoptera and to Mr. C. H. Richardson for indicating the Sources of most of the records in the Hymenoptera. Credit - __ is given in the text to the collectors who have been kind enough 4 eon thele new records. a Order NEUROPTERA. Conwentzia angulata Navas. Westfield, Aug. 31. de la Torre Bueno. | Order TRICHOPTERA. _~ Neuronia smithi Banks. Lakehurst, July 4. Englehart. 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., ’15 Order ODONATA. Enallagma recurvatum Davis. Lakehurst, June 28, 1913. Wit. Davis. Libellula exusta deplanata Rambur. Woodbury, May 14, 1912. P. Laurent. Order HOMOPTERA. Telamona querci. Summit. Schott. Cyrtolobus tuberosus. Summit. Schott. Phylloscelis atra Germ. Harrisia, New Egypt. Three forms: black, long-winged; black, short-winged; brown, short-winged. Injurious to cranberry. H. B. Scammell. Xestocephalus tessellatus Van D. Newark. E. L. Dickerson. Chlorotettix galbanata Van D. Newark. E. L. Dickerson. Trioza magnoliae Ashm. Rutherford, August 18, on bay trees. Phylloxera foveola Pergande. College Farm, Highland Park and other parts of state. Common on leaves of hickory, C. H. Richardson. Pseudococcus pseudonipae Ckll. Occurs in greenhouses on Ken- tia sp. H. B. Weiss. » Lecanium corni Bou¢he. Rutherford, Elizabeth, Riverton. On boxwood in nurseries. Not common. Probably introduced from Holland. H. B. Weiss. Saissetia oleae Bern. In greenhouses on orange and lemon. H. B. Weiss. Hemichionaspis aspidistrae Sign. In greenhouses on ferns and Aspidistra. H. B. Weiss. Diaspis bromeliae Kern. In greenhouses on pineapple. H. B. Weiss. ; Aspidiotus britannicus Newst. In greenhouses on bay trees. H. B. Weiss. Aspidiotus tsugae Marlatt. Rutherford, March, 1914, on Japa- nese hemlock. Introduced from Japan. H. B. Weiss. Chrysomphalus tenebricosus Comst. Rutherford, Nov., 1912. H. B. Weiss. On red maple. Ischnaspis longirostris Sign. Montclair, on palms in greenhouse. H. B. Weiss. Pseudaonidia paeoniae Ckll. Riverton, Princeton. On Japanese azaleas. Not common. Probably introduced from Japan. H. B. Weiss. Targionia biformis Ckll. In greenhouses on orchids. H. B. Weiss. Icerya purchasi Mask. In greenhouses on Acacia sp. H. B. Weiss. Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comst. In greenhouses on citrus trees. H. B. Weiss. Ceroplastes floridensis Comst. In greenhouses on citrus trees. H. B. Weiss. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 Order HEMIPTERA. ordida Uhl. Madison. Schott. 1 mendax Reut. College Farm, High Bridge, Bridgeton Deer parts of state. False apple red-bug. ath ca marmorata Uhi. Vineland, July 21. E. W. Stafford. a kirkaldyi Bno. Totowa, July. Wintersteiner. Order ORTHOPTERA. australasiae Fabr. So. Orange, May 21, 1914. In H. B. Weiss. Order COLEOPTERA. Cercyo: s lateralis. Staten Island, May 25, 1908. Davis. Probably occurs in New Jersey. -Sunius discopunctatus Say. Vineland, March 2 H. B. Weiss. _ Baeocera concolor Fab. Vineland, March 2. f acrus consimilis Marsh. Vineland, March 2. a transversoguttata Fabr. Malaga, April 29, 1911. H. lus aterrimus Horn. Whitesbog. H. B. Scammell. targus nebulosus Lec. Vineland, March 2. is niger. N. J. Palisades. Nicolay. s crinicornis Horn. Newark. H. B. Weiss. 1s masculinus Horn. Newark. H. B. Weiss. nuttalli Kirby. Red Bank, July 4, 1908. Kacber. Di punctatus Say. Vincland, May 4. H. B. Weiss. a phe haemorrhoidalis. Snake Hill, Paterson, under cow man- ry 2 _ ure. Wintersteiner. ; aa melus Fabr. The clover weevil. Ramsey, Hewitt, Lake Hopatcong, Newfoundland, Rahway, from late May to -. end of July. Springfield. E. A. Bischoff. “4 od gtaphipterus Champion. Summit. One specimen -—— only in an orchid house. H. B. Weiss. fay Mp pied Linn. Rutherford, Sept., 1913. T. J. Head- _—— Nee.“ European pine beetle. Order LEPIDOPTERA. = Pani rutulus Bdv. Newark, August 11, 1908. L. Doerfel. Prob- ably an accidental visitor. - Basilarchia archippus var. lanthanis Cook & Watson. Athenia, _ August 13, 1911. F. E. Watson. Dilophonota obscura Fabr. var. domingonis Butl. Newark, Sept. 4, 1912. L. Doerfel. Probably a visitor. _ Comacila simplex Walk. Passaic Park, July 12, 1906. Taken at . light. M. H. Mead. _ Hyphantria textor Harris. Passaic Park, June 26. Local, not . common. M. H. Mead. desi 9 A 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., °15 Apantesis intermedia Stretch. Lake Hopatcong, Sept. 15, 1913. F. Lemmer. Apantesis vittata Fab. form radians Walk. Passaic Park, June 4, 1906. Local, rare, taken at light. M. H. Mead. Acronycta radcliffei Harv. Orange Mts., May 4, 1913. F. Lemmer. Chytonix sensilis Grote. Cassville, Aug. 17, 1910. W. T. Davis. Xylophasia nigrior Smith. Passaic Park, July. M. H. Mead. Leucania minorata Smith. Passaic Park, May and June. M. H. Mead. Graphiphora garmani Grote. Passaic, April, 1901 and 1914. M. H. Mead. Xylina disposita Morrison. Passaic Park. M. H. Mead. Xylina petulca Grote. Rutherford, May 5, 1914. M. H. Mead. Xylina pexata Grote. Passaic Park, April 17, 1906, Nov., 1911. M. H. Mead. Nonagria laeta Morr. Elizabeth, 1913. F. Lemmer. Papaipema necopina Grote. Passaic Park, October. At light. M. H. Mead. Ochria sauzaelitae. Passaic Park, Sept., 1902. At light. Rare. M. H. Mead. Xanthia flavago Fab. Passaic Park, October. M. H. Mead. Anchocelis digitalis Grote. Passaic Park, August, 1913. M. H. Mead. Epiglaea apiata Grt. New Egypt. Moths taken on cranberry vines. H. B. Scammell. Derrima henrietta Grt. Passaic Park, July. M. H. Mead. Plusia simplex Gn. Whitesbog, Pemberton, moths resting on cranberry vines. H. B. Scammell. Anomis erosa Hbn. Irvington, Nov. 10, 1912. Bred from larvae found on hollyhock. F. Lemmer. (Food plant new record). Callopistria floridensis Guenee. Passaic, 1907. M. H. Mead. Riv- erton, Rutherford, in greenhouses, larvae doing much damage to ferns. H. B. Weiss. Catocala connubialis Gn. So. Elizabeth, July 26, 1912. H. H. Brehme. Catocala epione Dru. Irvington, July 12, 1913. Larvae on but- ternut. F. Lemmer. (Food plant new record). Anticarsia gemmatilis Hbn. Passaic Park, October 11, 1904 M. H. Mead. Harpyia scolopendrina Bois. Passaic Park, May 3, 1904. Local, rare. Taken at light. albicoma Stretch. August 3, 1905, at Passaic Park. M. H. Mead. Gypsochroa sitellata Gn. Irvington, August 16, 1913. F. Lemmer. Synchlora liquoraria Gn. Passaic Park, May, June, common. M. H. Mead. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 —_ ee 5 indicataria Walk. Orange Mts., July 5, 1913. F. Lemmer. Metrocar Guenee. Passaic Park, June 24, 1909, _ August 26, 1910. At light and on tomato vine. M. H. Mead. rtho crocataria Fabr. var. caelaria Hulst. Passaic. M. H. q — : ww ity, acionia rigidana Fern. Manuymuskin. Larvae taken May 21, 12. Daecke. chips georgiana Wik. Whitesbog. On cranberry and huckle- 4 a ¢ ¥ _ Dasychira pudibunda Linn. European red-tail. Bergen county by H. Wormsbacher. Probably introduced on nursery stock. ge Order HYMENOPTERA. Kallios dohrnii Tischb. Elizabeth. Leaf miner in alder. __ August, 1913 and 1914. H. B. Weiss. _ ~Neurot saltatorius Hy. Edwards. New Jersey. Galls occur burr oak, white oak, post oak. W. Beutenmuller. oak, chestnut oak and dwarf chestnut oak. Beut. operatola Bassett. New Jersey. Galls on acorns of black and scrub oaks. Beut. perditor Bassett. New Jersey. Gall is deformed acorn nabali Brodic. New Jersey. Gall at base of stems of Beut. epitricis Viereck. Elmer, Robbinsville, Freehold. From Apanteles : Apanteles plesius Vier. Essex County, June 29. Apanteles trachynotus Vier. Little Silver, June 20. eo en oon New Brunswick. Bred from pupa of Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Craw. Bred from Diespis corweli Targ. August, 1913. C. H. Richardson. 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 715 Coccophagus lunulatus Howard. Bred from a soft scale on Euonymus received from Japan. Elizabeth, April 13, 1911. H. B. Weiss. Encyrtus flavus Howard. Bred from Coccus hesperidum. H. B. Weiss. Pheidole anastasii Emery. Rutherford, April 14, 1914. In green- house. H. B. Weiss. Tetramorium guineense Fabr. Rutherford, April 8, 1914. In greenhouse. H. B. Weiss. Prenolepis fulva Mayr. subsp. pubens Forel. Rutherford, April 14, 1914. In greenhouse. H. B. Weiss. Monogonogastra rugator Say. New Brunswick, August 6, 1912. Collected in pupal cell of Lirus concavus in Rumex crispus. H. B. Weiss. Signophora nigrita Ashm. Bred from San Jose Scale. October, 1913. H. B. Weiss. Isosoma orchidearum Westwood. The “cattleya fly.” Occurs in greenhouses where Cattleya spp. are grown. H. B. Weiss. Order DIPTERA. Boletina obscura Johannsen. Forest Hill, April. Weéidt. Exechia absoluta Johannsen. Riverton. C. W. J. Exechia attrita Johannsen. Forest Hill, April, November. Weidt. Exechia canalicula Johannsen, New Jersey, July. Exechia captiva Johannsen, Cape May, Sept. Viereck. Exechia quadrata Johannsen. Cape May, Sept. Viereck. Hem- lock Falls, August. Weidt. Mycetophila fastosa Johannsen. Riverton, Del. Water Gap. C. W. Johnson. Allodia bulbosa Johannsen. Forest Hill. Weidt. Allodia falcata Johannsen. Cape May. Sciara sciophila Lw. Newark. E. L. Dickerson. Mycothera fenestrata Coq. var. praenubila Johannsen. Forest Hill, April. Weéidt. Mycothera impellans Johannsen. Lavallette, May. Viereck. Dasyneura trifolii Lw. Newark, September 15. Bred from co- coons on surface of clover leaf. The clover leaf midge. E. L. Dickerson. Prosimulium mutatum Malloch. Glassboro, Mar. 28, 1910. Clem- enton, May 7, 1910. C. T. Greene. Prosimulium pecuarum Riley. Iona, April 21, 1907. C. W. John- son. Diachlorus ferrugatus Fabr. Weymouth, July 30, 1904. Stone Harbor, August 3, 1907, Daecke. Dasyllus champlaini Walton. Browns Mills Junc., July 10, 1906. -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107 flavipes Ald. Merchantville, July 28. Stafford. viridicoxa Ald. Trenton, June 8, 1911. Stafford. harbeckii V. Duzee. Wenonah, June 26. H. S. Har- lobatus V. Duzee. Barnegat City Junc., Aug. 11, 1910. modestus V. Duzce. Avon, Sept. 27, 1908. Harbeck. chalcochrus Loew. Wenonah, May 15, 1910. C. Greene. " Apliochaeta fisheri Malloch. Del. Water Gap. C. W. Johnson. lutea Meig. Del. Water Gap, July 12. _—— Cress. Del. Water Gap, June and July. C. all Cress. Riverton. C. W. Johnson. strigilata Loew. Iona, May 17, 1914. Harbeck. fisheri Walton. Riverton, July 9, 1910. G. M. Greene. equestris Linn. Orange, Oct. 17, 1913. The Narcissus Zor intermedium Banks. Malaga, Sept. 15, 1909. C. T. Greene. - Alophora nitida Coq. Pemberton, July 11, 1909. C. T. Greene. _ Chaetona nitens Cog. Wenonah, September 5, 1910. C. T. Greene. —— Hilicobia quadrisetona Coa, Wenonah, August 21, 1910. C. T. * Greene. _Coenosia pallipes Stein. Newark, August 22. E. L. Dickerson. ee vonertcapet Wall Newark, 6th to 10th month. E. L. STI Senccteatl, Pott Newark, Sept. 18 E. L. Dickerson. conjuncta Johnson. Jamesburg, July 4. Avalon, June 8 C. W. Johnson. Sapromyza disjuncta Johnson. Del. Water Gap, July 12. Wild- wood, Aug. 12. Agromyza maculosa Mull. Newark, Sept. 1. E. L. Dickerson. Pseudostenophora bispinosa Malloch. Westville, April 11, 1900. A New Food Plant for Ph. cynthia; interfered with Leucania yn rd unipuncta " A new food plant for the larvae of Philosemia cynthia was discov- ered last season by Mrs. A. R. Iliff, s527 Pulaski Avenue, Germantown. It is the Eupatorium ageratoides, to be found in rich woods and fields. the stroke of the net hundreds could be swept off the bark.—Heaman Hornic, Philadelphia. 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., ’15 A new Species of Neogaurax (Chloropidae, Dipt.). By J. R. Matiocn, Urbana, IIl. Neogaurax fumipennis n. sp. Female.—Glossy black. Frons brown, becoming yellow towards an- terior margin; triangle glossy black; face reddish yellow; antennae reddish, third joint darkened on upper margin; arista brown; cheeks, proboscis and palpi brown. ‘Thorax entirely black, with very slight indications of pruinescence. Abdomen brown-black, slightly shining, the basal two segments yellowish. Legs yellow; apical half of femora and all except the extreme bases and the apices of tibiae of hind legs black; tarsal claws black. Wings with a distinct fuscous area extend- ing from humeral vein nearly to apex of third vein along costa and covering the surface from slightly posterior to third vein to costa; veins brown. Halteres black. All hairs and bristles yellowish white. Frons nearly half the width of head, and distinctly broader than long; triangle short and broad, reaching well towards anterior margin of frons; surface hairs long, especially on orbits; antennae rather large, third joint rounded, pilosity short; arista as long as anterior width of frons, its pubescence distinct and close; cheek linear, not over one-tenth the eye-height; eye about one and one-half times as high as long, distinctly pubescent. Mesonotum densely covered with rather long pale hairs, which are indiscriminately arranged; surface without distinct punctures or furrows; scutellum rounded, its surface with short hairs, four marginal bristles present. Abdomen short, somewhat pear-shaped, the surface with many short hairs. Legs stout and rather long, their surfaces covered with short hairs. Costal division from humeral vein to end of first vein equal to second division; auxiliary vein complete but indistinct; fourth vein ending at wing tip; third ending slightly nearer to apex of fourth than to second; outer cross- vein short, obliquely placed, its upper extremity nearer to wing tip than its lower; last section of fifth vein one and one-half times as long as penultimate section of fourth. Length, 2 mm. Type locality, Muncie, Ill. May 24, 1914 (E. H. Swigert). [Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.] Separable from N. montanus Coquillett by the black scutel- lum. Bibliography of Sir John Lubbock. A “Biological Bibliography” of the late Sir John Lubbock, Lord Ave- bury, has been published in connection with an obituary notice in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 126th Session, pp. 56- 50. October, 1914. Ent. News, Vor. XXVI. Plate IV. NEW PARASITIC MITES—EwING AND STOVER. . a ol xxvi] _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109 New Parasitic Mites (Acarina). By H. E. Ewrne and A. J. Stover.* (Plate IV) ism is a phenomenon of quite frequent occurrence in Of the thirty or fore families now recognized ie order, no less than seventeen contain species that are ‘parasitic in their adult state ; while three more contain species that have parasitic larvae. The number of parasitic species found in the order is very large, several hundred already being or Yet, notwithstanding this large number of para- sitic species, to say nothing of the enormous numbers of indi- _ Viduals that are frequently found upon a single host, up to the “prese practically no systematic work has been done upon m in this country, with the exception, of course, of the ticular cenat four mow apecies are described. They . en de tenn. Se uy ae halnerntor ire ep ___ recorded from our country. Hence these new additions are of rather interest to those engaged in the study of mites. The determinations of the species described in this ee n,m a Ewing. The drawings were made by Mr. Stover. Types in the collection of the senior author. Description oF SPECIES. Fam. Gamasinar. 2 Haemogamasus sanguineus n. sp. (Text-fig. 1.) Engorged specimen tick-like in shape, body appearing red with many black pellets contained inside showing through the skin. Female—Mouth-parts moderate; palpi about one-half as long as the first pair of legs; chelicerae when extended reaching the tips , _ *A contribution from the Department of Zoology and Physiology, Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Ore. > 110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., 715 gin. Chelicerae slender, both arms very tapering and adapted for piercing. Cephalothorax not demarcated from abdomen. Body sparsely clothed with curved, sharp bristles. Most of these bristles have each, one or more small branches on the outer curved margin. On the an- terior end of the body is situated a small pair of submedian straight bristles. Text fig. 1.—Haemogamasus sanguineus n. sp. Legs rather slender; first pair reaching beyond the tips of the palpi by the full length of the last two segments; fourth pair fall- ing far short of the tip of the abdomen. ‘Tarsus of leg I slightly longer than tibia, clothed with somewhat lengthened hairs; tibia sub- equal to genual. Leg II slightly, if at all, enlarged, somewhat longer and stouter than leg III. Tarsus of leg IV very long and tapering, about one and one-half times as long as tibia; tibia not as stout as 7 _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. rt wal. Tarsal claws of all the legs rather small, and strongly curved. al lengt of female, 0.96 mm.; width, 0.70 mm. fale.—-Not found. ‘ror Ames, Iowa; taken from Mus rattus Linn. by H. E. er female and an immature individual obtained. is specie differs from H. americanus Banks in having et ne nee month parts, ¢ fourth pair of legs in H. americanus Banks ex- i the tip of the abdomen; in H. sanguineus n. sp. Es of the tin of the abdomen. Fam. Deamanyssipar. spiniger n. sp. (Plate IV, Fig. 2.) her large, dark brown species. Integument well chitinized. eee cee Fn Seog nee Sout eplnes en th-f only moderately prominent; palpi about one- . SUITE at inca Gith ecole vanainao ned co tengo ; . Chelicerae slender. Cephalothe not demarcated from abdomen, strongly emarginate B sides, and ending anteriorly in a medium papilla-like process. the cephalothorax bears several pairs of very short, stout, ty carve, sharp wins one of these pairs is situated on the papilla-like process, two pairs are situated laterally, and one on the antero-lateral margin of the shoulders. Besides stout spines, a longer straight pair is situated on the anterior tt of the papilla-like process, ‘ about three-fourths as broad as long, broadest above the rn eapler piiarnipalal arbor Abdomen clothed with prominent spines; those on its dorsal surface rather short but sharp, those on the sides of abdomen large, stout, and slightly curved. On the margin of abdomen is situated a single pair of spines, the pair found on the body. Anal plate about three-fourths as broad as long, broadest at its base and rounded at its tip; with but a single spine which is located on its posterior margin at the median line. _ Legs stout, the first and second pairs subequal and stouter than pairs. Last pair of legs extending to the level of of the abdomen. All the legs well clothed with _s $pines; the first legs cach bear two enormous spines on the dorsal © surface of the femur; the outer is slightly the larger and considerably | longer than the segment from which it springs; above the inner at the 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., 15 base of the patella is a prominent but much shorter spine. Each femur of the second pair of legs bears a long slender spine on its dorsal aspect; this spine is somewhat smaller than either of the enormous spines borne by the femora of the first pair of legs. All the legs bear rather prominent caruncles at the tips of their tarsi; tarsal claws” rather weak. Total length of female, 0.77 mm.; width, 0.50 mm, Male.—In general similar to the female, but smaller. Body broadest above the third pair of legs, instead of above the last pair, as is the case with the female. -Sternal plate about twice as long as broad; genital opening situated about its width from the anterior margin of the genital plate. The sternal plate bears four pairs of long, straight, sharp, backwardly directed spines, situated as follows: One pair at the genital opening about one-half of the distance from the opening to the lateral margins of sternal plate, one pair on the lateral margins of the sternal plate opposite the second pair of legs, one pair situated on the lateral margins opposite the third pair of legs, and one pair situated sublaterally half-way between the third and fourth pairs of legs. Anal plate somewhat different from anal plate of female, its sides concave; it extends backward to the posterior margin of the abdomen. Coxa of leg I, with a row of three stout spines along its lateral margin as is found in the female, but they are longer in the male; proximal spine considerably longer than the other two. Fourth legs extending beyond the tip of abdomen by about one-third their length. Total length of body, 0.63 mm.; width, 0.36 mm. From Ithaca, New York State; taken from muskrat by the writer. Described from four females and one male. This species is quite distinct from the others of the genus on account of its large spines. Liponyssus crosbyi n. sp. (Plate IV, Fig. 3.) A moderate-sized, pale yellowish brown species, without prominent hairs or spines. Female——Mouth-parts prominent. Palpi two-thirds as long as the first pair of legs; mandibles long, slender, when extended reaching the tips of the palpi. Cephalothorax not demarcated from abdomen, almost nude. Sternal plate slightly broader than long, broadest at its posterior end, and with three pairs of submarginal bristles; all long, straight, and directed backward. Abdomen about two-thirds as broad as long, evenly rounded behind, and sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Anal plate triangular, slightly ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 wit all spine near its tip, and a similar spine on side of t cet Aci aE sete ths width from the front in of the anal plate. B moderate; first pair extending beyond the tips of ‘the i 2 i 1 Rockport, Missouri; taken from bat, Vesper subula- y by C. R. Crosby. ed RR Serhessedcoe imenature specinien obtained mm i er adult females labeled as cotypes. Tle species dif- ot ers iso; acne see in the shape of its bod which is more pear-like, in having much shorter and ot ite legs, as well as in several other characters. Fam. ANALCESIDAE. trisetosus n. sp. (Plate IV, Fig. 4) d, light brown species; with posterior bristles quite outh-parts extending forward for about one-half the the first pair of legs. shield of cephalothorax granular, moderately chitinized, broader than long, and bearing near cach side a large tactile : which is longer than the shield itself. Epimera of first pair of a SSG catdaaed cad consonces ot hte orsorexte thoes x length. ___ Dorsal plate of abdomen broadest at its anterior end; about two and one-half times as long as broad, and slightly granular. From the sides | __ of the abdomen just in front of the third pair of legs there extends a long pair of bristles. These bristles are about one-half as long as _____ the abdomen. Genital area inverted U-shaped. Penis sharp, stout, spine- like; extending from the anterior margin of the genital area back- ward about two-thirds the distance to the bases of anal suckers. Anal suckers strongly chitinized, about one and one-half times as long as they are broad at their bases. Hyaline plates foliaceous, not more than 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 715 - two-thirds as long as that part of the abdomen behind the fourth pair of legs. Just laterad to the hyaline plates is situated a pair of bristles which extend backwards for about twice the length of the plates. On the posterior corners of the abdomen is situated a pair of very large bristles. These are over one-half as long as the body of the mite. Just in front of this pair of large bristles is a smaller pair about one-third as long. Legs moderate; fourth pair reaching beyond the tip of abdomen by the entire length of the tarsus. Length of body, 0.28 mm.; width, 0.13 mm, Female.—Body larger and more strongly chitinized than in inde Cephalothorax as broad as long; sides almost parallel. Dorsal shield of cephalothorax granular, two-thirds as broad as the cephalothorax itself. Dorsal bristles situated near the incisions in the dorsal shield for the second pair of ica They are somewhat longer than the cephalothorax. i Abdomen about twice as long as cephalothorax. Dorsal shield of abdomen rectangular, slightly over twice as long as broad. Posterior tubercles of abdomen rather prominent, as long as the posterior seg- ment from which they extend. The bristles borne by the posterior tubercles are quite stout, each being about one-half as long as the abdomen. Epiandrium crescent-shaped, strongly chitinized and almost one-half as broad as the width of the body at the region where it is situated. Legs similar to those of the male; fourth pair just reaching the tip of abdomen, excluding the hoserier tubercles. Length of Pony, ex- cluding posterior tubercles, 0.40 mm.; width, 0.16 mm. From Ithaca, New York; taken from meadow lark, Stur- nella magna Linn. by H. E. Ewing. | Descriptions made from type specimens. Many males, fe- males, and young collected. The crescent-shaped, or inverted U-shaped, epiandrium, and the shortness of the anal suckers characterize this species from most of the others. 2 Lucilia morrilli T—A Correction (Dipt.). On page 112, volume XXV, of the News, what is said under Lucilia morrilli must be retracted. It was written when examination of the type and cotypes was impossible. I have since examined these and find that I was mistaken, and that the actual type and cotype material is undoubtedly Ps. cornicina F—Cuartes H. T. Townsenp. By Pavut S. Wetcu, Manhattan, Kansas. aris the summers of 1911-1913 the writer had an oppor- Ju “agers the Lepidoptera of northern Michigan in the a vicinity of Douglas Lake. Collections made th t the months of July and August of the three years eased as the bass of tis report An attempt has been wt have the list as complete as possible, but future col- ng will, no doubt, make important additions. However, sludes many species which have not been reported from 1 Michigan and is doubtless complete enough to give a ly accurate idea ofthe Lepidopterous fauna of this region a + + and Tineide were collected at every opportunity, . no attempt has been made as yet to study these groups, ae. t a few of the more easily identified species have been Pa cluded in the list. Sipeeies Lat, fomery Incense Tose Lat, i te a the extreme northern part of the southern peninsula of s ig M about eighteen miles south of the Straits of Mack- _ imac. Forests of hardwoods and conifers formerly covered ___ the greater part of this region, but only remnants of the pri- ____ meval forest remain—the results of the ravages of forest fires and lumbermen. Extensive burned-over tracts occur near the lake and produce a wild profusion of aspen, bracken fern, blueberry, and other plants common to such a situation. Two ____ primitive tracts of hardwoods lie near the shores of the lake. Two extensive cedar bogs and several smaller ones are present __ in the immediate vicinity. Along the north shore is a series of beach pools, rich in animal and plant life. Five other lakes of varying size lie within a radius of eight miles. Excepting the areas covered by bogs, the soil is almost pure sand. The ____ Variety of conditions is accompanied by a corresponding vari- ____ ety in the vegetation, there being about five hundred species of flowering plants and a large number of non-flowering plants in the region. Such a flora can furnish food for the larve of sogamas from the University of Michigan Biological Station, 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 15 numerous species of Lepidoptera and leads us to expect a well- represented fauna of this order. . Cwing to the fact that so few local lists of Michigan Lepi- doptera have been published, it is not practical to attempt to compare the fauna of Douglas Lake with that of other parts of the state. The present list contains a large number of spe- cies of northern range. When compared with the studies on Canadian Lepidoptera by Dod, Gibson, Winn, and others, a distinct resemblance to the faunas of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba is evident. A detailed comparison with the south Canadian fauna is interesting, but beyond the limitations of this paper. The value of local surveys in extending our knowledge of the distribution of any group of insects depends greatly upon the accuracy of the identification of the species involved. In order to make the following list as accurate as possible, all de- terminations involving the slightest uncertainty due to defect- ive specimens, insufficient material, and the like, have been ' indicated. The writer wishes to express his indebtedness to Dr. William Barnes, of Decatur, Illinois, for the privilege of working in his splendid collection. Acknowledgments are also due to Dr. Barnes and his colleague, Dr. J. H. McDunnough, for assistance in determining the more difficult material. RHOPALOCERA. Limenitis archippus Cram. Satyrus alope var. nephele Kirby. NYMPHALIDAE. Danais plexippus Linn. Argynnis cybele Fabr. Argynnis atlantis Edw. Argynnis bellona Fabr. Phyciodes tharos Dru. Grapta interrogationis Fabr. Grapta comma Harris. LYCAENIDAE. Lycena comyntas Godt. Feniseca tarquinius Fabr. Chrysophanus hypophleas Bdv. PAPILIONIDAE. Grapta j-album Bd. & Lec. Vanessa antiopa Linn. Vanessa milberti Godt. Pyrameis atalanta Linn. Pyrameis huntera Fabr. Pyrameis cardui Linn. Limenitis ursula Fabr. Limenitis arthemis var. proserpina Edw. Pieris rape Linn. Colias eurytheme var. Edw. Colias philodice Godt. Papilio glaucus var. turnus Linn. eriphyle HESPERIDAE. Pamphila hobomok Harris. Pamphila peckius Kirby. 117 118 Schizura unicornis S. & A. Cerura scitiscripta var. multiscrip- ta Riley. Harpyia sp. Gluphisia septentrionalis Wik. LASIOCAMPIDAE. Malacosoma americana Harris. Malacosoma disstria Hbn. GEOMETRIDAE. Eudule mendica WIk. Euchoeca albovittata Gn. Euchoeca albifera var. brunneifas- ciata Pack. (?) Eustroma nubilata Pack. Rheumaptera sociata Bork. Percnoptilota fluviata Hbn. Hydriomena autumnalis Strom. Gypsochroa designata Hbn. Cosymbia lumenaria Hbn. Synelys ennucleata var. Swett. | Physostegania pustularia Gn. Gueneria basiaria Wlk. Deilinia variolaria Gn. Sciagraphia mellistrigata Grt. Cymatophora pustularia Hbn. Caripeta divisata Wlk. Cleora indicataria Wlk. Lycia cognataria Gn. Xanthotype crocotaria Fabr. Ania limbaria Haw. Euchlaena effectaria Wik. Euchlaena johnsonaria Fitch. Sabulodes transversata Dru. revelata SESIIDAE. Aegeria tibialis Harr. Aegeria apiformis Linn. Sanninoidea exitiosa Say. Sesia rutilans Hy. Edw. (?) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 15 PYRALIDAE. Lipocosma fuliginosalis Fern. Desmia funeralis Hbn. Evergestis straminalis Hbn. Nomophila noctuella Schiff. Loxostege commixtalis Wlk. Phlyctaenia helvalis Wlk. Pyrausta pertextalis Led. Pyrausta fumoferalis Hulst. _Pyrausta funebris Strom. 'Nymphula icciusalis Wk. Nymphula ekthlipsis Grt. _Nymphula allionealis Wlk. ~ _Nymphula badiusalis Wlk. ~Nymphula maculalis Clem. Pyralis farinalis Linn. Herculia himonalis Zell. Schoenobius tripunctellus Rob. (?) Schoenobius mellinellus Clem. (?) Crambus pascuellus Linn. Crambus hortuellus Hbn. Crambus caliginosellus Clem. Thaumatopsus sp. Chilo comptulatalis Hulst. Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst. Meroptera pravella Grt. (?) Salebria sp. Peoria approximella Wik. PTEROPHORIDAE. Oxyptilus periscelidactylus Fitch. © (?) ‘TORTRICIDAE. Exartema permundanum Clem. (?) Archips purpurana Clem. YPONOMEUTIDAE. Harpipteryx frustella Wlsm. ELACHISTIDAE. Lymnecia phragmitiella Staint. TINEIDAE. Scardia anatomella Grt. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119 1¢ following titles include all of the lists of Michigan Lep- ter a known to the writer. Many scattered references to ere ee og geome te the Weeratare bet * m6. 1908. Annotations on Certain Isle Royale Inverte- ee ae very Lass Sreericr Report Board of Geological Survey of Michigan for 1908, pp. Ww. Ww. 1904. Some notes chiefly on the scarcity of hehe dle Ent. News, 15: 204-206. ro12. Check-list Michigan Lepidoptera. I. Rhopalocera (But- menace rows Mick: Asad. Sei, 4:26 era ew Leolieotern. Il. Sphingidae (Hawk Report Mich. Acad. Sci., 15: 213-214. 1901. Insect and Animal Life on the Upper Penin- mt Station. First Report of the Upper Peninsula Ex- Station for the year 1900. Michigan State Agricultural Col- ime 186, Pp. G. 10905. Spiders and Insects from the Porcupine ns Royale, An Ecological Survey in 3 Michigan, prepared under the direction of Chas. C. Adams. of the State Board of Geological Survey of Michigan for the PP. 100-106. corr, R. H. 1893. The Butterflies of Grand Rapids, Michigan. 25: 98-107. ~ a ee —— corruptum, a Dragonfly, at a High Altitude (Odon.). m taking the liberty of sending you a dragonfly which I thought ht be of interest on account of the altitude at which it was taken. § a course in biology at the summer school of the State y and one of my pupils, Miss Rosamond Little, of Limon, m took this specimen when we were ascending Arapahoe Peak, It was a surprise to us to find a dragonfly at this alti- 13,000 ft.). It was doubtless carried up by the strong wind cur- r of the subalpine lakes below. Though a common spe- thought that the altitude record might be worth while —Ex.s- Beruet, East Side High School, Denver, Colo. specimen sent by Mr. Bethel was a female. There is a record Henry Skinner of this species at 11,000 feet, at Silver Lake, 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., 715 Classification of Orders of Kiser By C. W. WoopwortH, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. One of the most confusing things confronting a beginner in Entomology, and which often remains an enigma to more ex- perienced students, is the great variety in the number and ar- rangement of the Orders to be found in the various text books. The accompanying chart, which has been used in my classes with very good results as an aid in the comprehension of this subject, presents seven systems of classification: that of Lin- naeus, those given in five standard American text books and the system adopted by myself in which the groups follow in chronological sequence. The names most frequently used for all but two of the 41 groups which have at some time been raised to the rank of Orders are also given, together with a list of Genera, mostly Linnaean, which cay be considered the types of these groups. In each column the numerals give the sequence followed by the different authors. The groups not indicated by figures in any column were combined in the preceding numbered or- der by that author and numbers in parenthesis indicate such cases where this arrangement cannot be followed. Thus Lin- naeaus included the Siphonaptera, Thysanoptera and Corro- dentia in his order 7. Aptera. Where other names than those in the first column were used this is indicated in the foot notes. Thus Physopoda was used by Comstock for his order 10, which other authors called Thysanoptera. When a group was discovered near or after the date of an author as indi- cated in the last column, it was of course not considered by that author. Thus my classification alone locates the Zorap- tera and Protura. An inspection of the table will bring out the following points regarding the classifications of these authors: ist. Comstock alone separates the Euplexoptera from the Orthoptera. 2nd. Folsom alone raises the Collembola to ordinal rank. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121 y Comstock and Kellogg sub-divide the Corroden- Biioca ia awit ok Dipess respocivey, and ra fre the Hemiptera and Diptera respectively, and all re their near relationship with these orders as shown ties strenetient. 1. The same three authors separate and bring the Neurop- 4 + SCOR eRe R eRe R eee ee {i} eee ee eens R swvsoseerveseeesl ines : vasfasesfecesdece (Pes@eula. 5 ee eeeeeeee Saee wee ve od "eb set 1935 Embia Latr. wee tee eee eres wool 7 De re 7 “eee 1 | eee Seeteee Ceeee ee nae er ee leeeel ees leone Machilis Lat PPPOE RRR EERE Ee Hee eee eel eee eee le eee whee hee eee eee Ce Peed Pe ee eee 10" Physopoda. 4 Platyptera. 2 Pseudoneuroptera. 2t Collembola. 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 15 6th. Sanderson separates these groups without Be scic ae ment. 7th. Smith follows the old plan of keeping them as one order adjacent to the Pseudoneuroptera with simple metamor- phosis. : 8th. Folsom and Sanderson place the Orthoptera lowest of winged insects in accordance with the theory of the origin of - wings in a terrestrial rather than in an aquatic insect. oth. Comstock and Kellogg begin the winged insects with Ephemerida on the basis that the multiplicity of wing veins - indicates primitive structure, and ‘roth. All the recent authors cited differ among themselves in the arrangement of the four higher orders. This can perhaps be» best shown in another way. Below these orders are indicated by their initials: | | Comstock OE Be wes 5 | Folsom L GDB - Smith Co: th: D Sanderson CLDH ~ Kellogg CD iH. ~~ Woodworth C DHL If the list were extended one would find practically all pos- sible permutations. These authors show some agreement, thus: - q _ Aedes triseriatus were collected’and Aedes canadensis, Culex restuans, Culex salinarius and Coquellittidia perturbans were _ found scattered in the suburbs. Anopheles punctipennis lar- ae were found in all of the smaller runs, in cattle footprints, td meadows and near stables, often breeding in the same re- _ ceptacle with Culex pipiens. A Preoccupied Specific Name in Tipula (Dipt.). inadvertently applied the name suspecta to a newly described Having . ogy of Tipula in ee recent paper, entitled “On the Hebes Group of Dipterous Genus la Linnaeus,” the name being preoccupied by g Tipula (mst este pet P wish to apply the name Tipula afflicta for the ss Species in De dn Pa. 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., 715 Notes on Two Beetles Reared from Dead Wistaria Sticks (Col.). By Dayton Stoner, State University of Iowa, lowa City, Ta. While trimming off the dead branches of a Wistaria vine (Wistaria chinensis DC.) at my home on May 28, 1914, I ob- served that some of these dead twigs showed evidences of the work of wood-borers. A few of the twigs were cut off and placed in a loose-topped glass jar in the Entomological Laboratory of the State University of Iowa and on the follow- ing day, May 29, two adult Chrysobothris agurea Lec., male and female, emerged. This species has not before been re- corded from Iowa. On May 29, while again trimming the same vine, I found a specimen of Lepturges querci Fitch crawling on one of the branches. This time a number of short pieces of the dead vine, amounting in all to about 18 feet, were removed to a glass jar in the laboratory and devolopments awaited. The diameter of the sticks varied from ™% inch to about 1 inch, those nearer the base of the vine and hence of the larger di- ameter being most heavily infested. ‘The smaller branches of the vine above 5 feet from the ground were apparently not infested although many were dead, due, very probably, to the work of the larvae in the larger stems lower down. The glass jar containing the sticks was kept on a shelf where sun- light could not strike it and where it was not directly exposed to daylight. A temperature of between 70° and 80° Fahr. was maintained in the room. The two species of beetles emerging from the wood, to- gether with the dates of emergence and number of each spe- cies, are indicated in the following table: Chrysobothris azurea Lec. Lepturges querci Fitch. 29 May 2 (1 male & 1 female) FF 30.2" 2 (both males) 6 1 June 3 (2males & 1 female) 19 -- 1 (female) 4 wee 1 (female) 3 4 “ 5 = ea 4 10 “ I Total— ‘9 Total—42 RETOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 i of Chrysobothris average a little lar- : ET iyase till cnade atiactly bronged or metal- | His thse fcpen New Yors and, Maceachooett in Profes r H. F. Wickham's collection. There are, perhaps, two thi of particular interest in re- this experiment: first, the great number of Lepturges ci secured from a comparatively small number of twigs cates a very high degree of infestation; second, in the a t limited number of Chrysobothris asurea obtained the ed a little earlier in emergence than the females. is is, however, not an unusual occurrence among other spe- s of Coleoptera. I believe also that Wistaria chinensis has 1 recorded as a host plant for either of these species & e & _ Tam indebted to Professor H. F. Wickham for the deter- = of the Chrysobothris and to Professor R. B. Wylie oF the determination of the IVistoria i ——_—— 2 Bien on ‘North American Insects—VIII. y A. A. Gmrautt, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. as in Habit as a Basis for Specific Differentiation. ee: noticed a tendency lately with entomologists and others make a difference in habit coequal with a difference & Lop and coloration as regards species. My attention _ was drawn again to this matter by casually noticing that Pierce, ‘Cushman, Hood and Hunter (Bull. No. 100, Bureau of Ento- mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., P- 53, footnote. 1912) separate a braconid into two species— on dorsata and mellitor of Say—on the basis of a difference in social habit. They admit the two are alike struc- -turally; in habit they differ in that mellitor is parasitic upon coleopterous larvae and solitary, while dorsata is parasitic upon lepidopterous larvae and gregarious. To my mind the i csdhien has no reason for being. From a practical stand- point, suppose that an exploring party captured a number of ; Braconidae and turned them over to some Hymenopterologist ‘ 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 715 for identification. Not knowing the host or the habits of any of the species, doubtless if dorsata and mellitor were present, he could not do otherwise than consider them identical and as far as naming them is concerned it would be a matter of history only. Or, if he thought it was really true that a dif- ference in habit mattered here, he would be unable to decide which is which. But this argument concerns practice only and inconvenience and trouble in taxonomy must be courted rather than avoided if there is a question of truth to be de- cided. There can be no doubt that fundamental variation at first, in many cases at least, is psychic—the energy varies before the substance and is infinitely more variable than the latter. This psychic variation is inherited and forms habits and in- stincts asin the insects. In simple forms of life, the differ- ence in habit is not expressed morphologically as much as in more complex forms, so that as we descend it becomes increas- ingly more difficult. to separate species morphologically and a resort is made to their chemical nature and habits. But in insects this is not true. The psychic variations may finally become expressed morphologically and it is not until this is done that a specific difference arises. Keeping in mind the accepted meaning of species, we can point to many cases of adaptive habit in various species of insects. It is common and nowhere else more so than with insect parasites. A parasite of necessity has to adapt itself to the size of its host and I have no doubt that the gregarious habit of the Bracon on lepidopterous larvae is a case of this kind (obviously the difference in host has no bearing on the matter). Even the authors cited support my contention, for on page 66 (J. c.) occurs this sentence: “It appears possible that the constantly changing factors of nature cause the various species to be continually adjusting their habits to new environments and new hosts.” And they cite examples of the adjustment to new hosts. ‘An adaptive habit is certainly not a basis for spe- cific differentiation and we certainly must consider the social or non-social habit of the Bracon as an adaptation to the size of its host. Even were it true that poly-embryony occurred Vol. xxv _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 ee Sti wari ecmeary cad cmon oa f reproduction with the ordinary kind according to the Satta tanel* thls though ¢ wonderful fact, would certain- om orm a basis for specific differentiation. For the very n of species would make it necessary that neither SE Macsite tired with one another or were identical litary elements; for if this is so, the habits may vary y without changing their essential specific unity. We so many instances in insects of great variability in bit of known specific units, and of so few or none where wm specific units do not vary, that it would be extremely to say the least, to base two species on the mere %t that a difference in habit was present. Before such a — ‘is done it will be necessary to change the definition of a s and even that will not eliminate the fact that in nature , here occur such things as a population of more or less defin- y limited individuals which are all descendants from a on stock. oP inn Seasonal Notes on Insects in Virginia. 4) Blacksburg in 1901, butterflies had almost stopped flying j 2 tath; by the 25th Diptera and Hymenoptera on Po, ie were becoming scarce; on November 9, however, __ $warms of Mycetophilidae were observed. Then Orthoptera were conspicuous ; Thyridopteryx and Callosamia had cocoon- ed, On March 20th following, the first butterly was observed, probably Vanessa antiopa, On April 11, the eggs of aphids were hatching; an adult of ’. antiopa was observed and also several moths. On April 18, Diastrophus nebulosus was emerging (indoors) and the eggs of Malacosoma amerwana ___ were hatching, the nests now appearing like cobwebs ; the cater- pillars then were about 6 mm. long and were feeding upon _ "just opening buds. On April 22, Carpocapsa pomonella was ___ observed depositing eggs (Professor Alwood). On the 3oth, Pieris rapae was ovipositing onto young cabbage plants (2-3 inches high) ; eggs of Coccinellidae observed May 2, 1902, » Actias luna had not emerged; Malacosoma americana now conspicuous in their nests. The following day, adult Schisto- me: 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’15 cerca americana were observed to be numerous in meadows, mating May 12; Papilio turnus observed on the wing. May 4, eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis were hatching. May 13, Nematus ribesii was abundant in all stages of larval de- velopment on currants and gooseberries; Perlidae observed depositing eggs on grass stems along a stream. May 22, Malo- cosoma larvae full grown, cocooning on May 25. June 11, Macrodactylus subspinosus was present in numbers (since May 19). September 18, 1902, the larvae of Ceratomia catalpae were nearly full grown, pupating on September 22 and later. On March 14, 1902, an adult Vanessa antiopa was seen flying and a Grapta; pond life was then active. References to Glossaries. Some years ago in this journal (1905, pp. 105-108, 221-230), I gave a list of entomological glossaries and in 1902 I had commenced to write an entomological dictionary upon which I did a large amount of work before concluding that it was too much for one person to handle. A work of this kind is still badly needed and it will be necessary to con- sult all the vocabularies extant. The following references I find among my notes: Bull. 30, Univ. Montana, 1906, pp. 163-169. Fred- erick D. Chester, A Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, N. Y., I90I, pp. 381-386 (descriptive terms). Peter P. Good, A Materia Medica Animalia, Cambridge, Mass., 1833 (?), glossary of 54 pages. Glossary of Coccidae in second biennial Rep. Commissioners Horti- culture of California, 1905-1906, p. 162. Eleanor A. Ormerod, A Text- book of Agricultural Entomology, London, 1892, edit. 2, pp. 229-231. Burt G. Wilder and Simon H. Gage, Anatomical Technology as Ap- plied to the Domestic Cat., N. Y. and Chicago, 1882, pp. 10-45. Ed. André, Species des Hyménopterés d’Europe et d’Algérie enrichi &c., 1879, Beauve, tome premier, pp. CXLIX-CLXXXVII. These are but few. Ptinobius dysphagae Ashmead, new species (Hym.). In ENToMOoLoGIcAL NEws, 1904, p. 300,,I mention a chalci- doid parasite (supposedly) of Dysphaga tenuipes Hald. which had been identified as a new species of Ptinobius by William H. Ashmead and given the above name, from male specimens sent to him by myself from Blacksburg, Virginia, some time early in 1903. The species has never been described and is thus but a naked name. In order that the name should be- come valid, I give the following description of the species from oints wider than long except the first; one large — Un i States National Museum as a type, and there should ___ beseveral other males in the same collection but which I have x ‘not seen. (Accompanying the tagged specimens is a slide with 4 first and third femora and the antennae.) The scape is darker above at tip. The front femur is distinctly swollen, obscurely ___ denticulate beneath, more so above. . Geotaxis in Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hym.) Once in 1904 I took a female of this species and placed it under a glass jar (10x 10 cm.) over a clean sheet of white bristol board. The time was 5 P. M., and the jar was placed __ just in front of a window looking east and thus away from _ the direct source of light. The jar was nearly equally lighted on all sides. The insect immediately commenced to crawl up. After a second or two, the jar was inverted rather slowly but ____ the upward motion of the insect continued, its course being gradually changed in a direction equal and opposite to that of __. the jar; thus, during the half revolution of the jar, the vertical movement of the Trichogramma was continued ; when the jar 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 715 was half reversed, on its side, the insect was crawling up and around the side. When the reversal was complete, it was crawling toward the mouth of the jar and could easily have escaped. Obviously, its movements were geotactic. They were repeated as often as the jar was reversed. The side of the jar traversed was that turned toward the window. This insect is often found on windows facing the light and then is always at the top of the pane, either resting there or else crawling upward as far as possible, falling down and repeating the same operation time after time. This is not only true for this species but for most of the species of its family, all or most of the Mymaridae and a very large number of other Chalcidoidea, Proctotrypoidea, Vespoidea, Apoidea and other Hymenoptera under similar conditions. A certain amount of positive phototaxis was also present, a turning toward greater brightness. Diastrophus nebulosus (Hym.). Galls of this species obtained at Annapolis, Maryland, March i7, 1901, were full of larvae; on April 8, the latter had pupated and emer- gence occurred late in April. Besides the cynipids Ormyrus lobatus - Walker and a species of Torymus were reared, the identifications by Ashmead. Trypeta solidaginis Fitch (Dip.). A gall of this species taken from Solidago at Annapolis, Maryland, March 31, 1901, gave the adult on May the oth following. The puparium is yellow, lighter between segments, that is the body is marked with alternating dark and lighter cross stripes. The gall measured over an inch. The adult was authoritatively identified by Coquillett. Catolaccus Reared from a Gall (Hym.). A species of Catolaccus was reared in May, 1901, from some cynipid gall on an unknown briar growing in a marsh at Annapolis, Maryland. — Cecidomyia farinosa Osten-Sacken in Maryland (Dip.). About April 29, 1901, at Annapolis, I cut a twig containing a small yellow larva from a blackberry bush; the twig was swollen into an oval gall, The larva was taken out of the gall and placed into a watch glass, where it pupated on May 6 following; the pupa was yellow, turning to orange after several days and then to black when nearing ecdysis; the latter occurred on May 17 or after eleven days. Later, the galls were found to be common and usually to contain from three to four larvae. The species was identified by William H. Ashmead. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133 Not an Egg-parasite of Cecidomyia (Hym.). ‘ical News, XIX, p. 352, Russell and Hooker record strypoid as ic upon the eggs of their Cecidomyia foliora. 1. L. Viereck the parasites as Polygnotus and later sent m tome. From their size it would seem a physical impossibility for ‘to be true egg-parasites of the Cecidomyia. oS A Note on Limenitus ursula (Lep.). everal larvae obtained from wild plum (Annapolis, Maryland) on - ay 7 HS | pupated on May 12, the butterflies emerging after ten and etic, A Few Notes on Lixus concavus Say (Col.). : t Anna olis, Maryland, the eggs of this species were very common the ste dock (Rumex), the third week in May, 1901. After ne watc the following observation was made on the manner of Vipositic the female was excavating a cavity jaws, her head toward the ground. After no | Of these infested plants could larvae ever be found. A gummy bstance exuded by the rhubarb plant was often found over the On January 25 adults were observed mating. —— > Identification of Specimens. _ The following desire to be added to the list of those willing to de- ‘mine material from North America in their respective groups. (See his News, pages 33, 35 and 85 for further information “a — 1 for directions for sending specimens). Hes entatomidae: Dayton Stoner, lowa City, lowa; Corisi- dae: J. F. Abbott, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. co. aay ‘ompilidae and Philanthidac: Nathan Banks, East .\.. Pale Virginia. > iy Insects (except Odonata).—Nathan Banks, East Falls Church, Virginia. [*See Ent. News XXIII, pp. 401 and 474. Eb.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, IQI5. Reports of the Doings of Societies. Some time ago a well-known entomologist stated that he considered the reports of the “doings of societies” in our entomological journals the least valuable part of the publica- tions and that the space they occupied could be used to much better advantage for more important matter. We must con- fess that we had not previously looked upon these reports in that light, but on reflection came to the conclusion that, to a certain extent at least, he was correct. oe, Many of these communications, as published, are perfectly useless and convey no real information. They only cost money and waste valuable space. Their general type is something like this: Mr. X. made a communication on the life history of certain Coleoptera and exhibited drawings of the early stages. Mr. Y. exhibited some curious Hemiptera from the Mountains of the Moon and spoke of their habits. These communications led to a prolonged and general discussion among the members. Mr. Z. exhibited specimens of Colias philodice which were more or less abundant during the season. But why give ex- amples—look into our journals and find plenty of things that waste good ink. Even when they convey real information it is lost by the solid way of setting up the type. Each communication printed should be doubly leaded and the first word or two should begin in bold-faced type, and where possible the order of insects — mentioned should be given. This would be of special advan- tage to the bibliographer who dislikes to wade through a lot of rubbish to get the essential thing. In addition, why should the man interested in a particular group of insects be compelled to wade through several pages of solid matter to find one or two things that he cares to read or wishes to record! It will be best to discontinue such methods and only publish state- ments that convey some knowledge of importance. Those ver- bal communications which are subsequently to be published should record facts of value, or, if only bare statements, they should not get beyond the “minute book.”—H. S. 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 Change of Address. formerly, the position as the Entomologist for the Im- Experiment Station, Nishigahara, Tokyo. requested that all communications, including those that / been accustomed to be addressed to the Imperial Agri- Experiment Station, be forwarded to the new address. It is kindly requested that all publications on the subject of and also specially on the plant quarantine work, be for- changed address. Director, Imperial Plant Quarantine Station, and Ento- _ A Parasite of the Cottonwood Borer Beetle (Col. Dip.). studying the effects of poison baits on grasshoppers in a grove snwood trees in western Kansas, in the summer of 1913, the impressed by the large number of dead cottonwood borer | (Plectodera scalator Fab.). Dead beetles were found at the nine coe nent: cme vases fom 0 ecu test é the living and dead were brought to the laboratory and a Gutzeit est for arsenic applied. This gave negative results but in preparing cf we found them to be parasitized. . ~ All the remaining beetles were placed in breeding cages and Over 90 per cent. of the beetles were found to be parasitized by a fly iden- Mr. W. R. Walton as Sercophaga vericauda Coq., heretofore a only from grasshoppers. P. scalator Fab. is thus given as a © “new host for this dipterous parasite—H. B. Huxcexroxp, The Univer- 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., 15 Meetings in Los Angeles. The present Exposition year 1915, with the attractions in San Francisco and San Diego, will doubtless see many visiting entomolo- gists in California who may wish to become personally acquainted with some of the local people interested in natural history; so the following announcements of meetings in Los Angeles may be of in- terest: The Entomological Club meets on the first Thursday evening of each month in the Music Room of the Los Angeles Public Library, 9th floor of the Metropolitan Building, 5th and Broadway, at 8 o’clock. All entomologists are especially invited to be present. The Biological Section of the Southern California Academy of Sciences meets in the Lecture Room in the same building on the first Tuesday evening of each month. The Lorquin Natural History Club meets on the first Friday evening of each month at the homes of members. Visitors would be interested in this association of young naturalists; and the members would greatly appreciate their presence. Particulars of the place of meeting may be had from the undersigned.—Forpyce GRINNELL, JR., Southwest Museum, Museum Hill, Los Angeles, California. aie a Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. ° All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. Unless mentioned in the title, the number of new species or forms are given at end of title, within brackets. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series 4—The Canadian Entomologist. 5—Psyche. 7—Bureau of En- tomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London. 9—The Entomolo- gist, London. 15—Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, London. 18—Ottawa Naturalist. 50—Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 68—Science, New York. 84—Entomologische Rund- schau. 89—Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 92—Zeitschrift fur wis- senschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 94—‘Das Thierreich,” herausge- geben von d. Deutschen zoologischen Gesellschaft, Berlin. 97— Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 148—Ohio Naturalist. 186—Journal of Economic Biology, London. 189— Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 198—Bio- logical Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137 Societe Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d'Histoire Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 324—Journal of Animal Be- , Cambridge. 255—Smithsonian Institution Réport, Wash- D. C. 4611—Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological So- 447—Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 477— e American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medi- New Orleans. 496—Memoirs, National Academy of Sciences, fashingt 497—Zcitschrift fur angewandte Entomologie. Hrsg. ‘K. Escherich u. F. Schwangart, Berlin. 498—U. S. Public Health = vice, Hygienic Laboratory, Washington. _ GENERAL SUBJECT. Berlese, A.—Gli Insetti, Vol. II, Fasc. a | 9-10, pp. 241-304. Buckland, J.—The value of birds to man, 355, 1913, 439-58. Criddle, N.—Popular and economic entomology. Some inhabitants of a sand plain in June, 4, 1915, 24-30. Johnson, J. W—A contribution to the biology of sewage disposal, Pr. II, | 486, ix, 127-164. Kershaw, G. B.—Formaldehyde useful in setting insects, 9, 1915, 19-20. Przibram, H.—Experimental zoology, Pts. _ $8 (ULeipzig und Wien. Franz Deuticke, 1910-1914.) Sears, P. B.—The insect galls of Cedar Point and vicinity, 143, xv, 377-02. *S PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Hegner, R. W.—The 9 ter cycle in animals. (New York. The Macmillan Com- , 1914.) 346 pp. Kunneth, F.—Diec stigmencrsorgung des 97, cxii, 70-92. Loeb, J.—The simplest constituents aeiet for growth and the completion of the life cycle in an in- , 68, xii, 169-70. Painter, J. S.—Spermatogenesis 89, xxxviii, Abt. f. Anat., 509-76. Wieman, H. L.—Ob- _ servations on the spermatogenesis of the gall-fly, Dryophanta eri- nacei, 198, xxviii, 34-46. MEDICAL. Knab & Busck.—Mosquitoes and sewage disposal, 477, ii, 333-38. Liceaga, E—How war has been waged in Mexico against the mosquito, 477, ii, 118-23. McShane, A.—The Phieboto- papatach, the transmitter of the “Three days fever,” 477, i, 815-18. Wheeler, W. M.—Ants and bees as carriers of pathogenic micro-organisms, 477, ii, 160-68. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Emerton, J. H.—Geographical distribution of spiders in New England. [Appalachia], xiii, No. 2, 143-59. 7 Moles, M. M.—Pseudoscorpions in the Claremont-Laguna region. % {(Chelanops serratus]; A new Pseudoscorpion from California i {Atemnus Hirsutus], 189, vi, 187-97; 203. NEUROPTERA, ETC. Waterston, J.—On two n. sps. of Mal- lophaga: Menacanthus balfouri and Myrsidea victrix, from Colum- bia, 8, 1915, 12-16. 545 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 715 ORTHOPTERA. Davis, W. T.—A new sp. of Atlanticus from the mountains of Georgia and North Carolina [A. monticola], Line ix, 104-6. Mann, W. M.—(See under Coleoptera.) HEMIPTERA. de la Torre Bueno, J. R.—Phototropism in Heteroptera, 411, ix, 90-6. Wildermuth, V. L.—Three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Stictocephala festina), 447, iii, 343-62. LEPIDOPTERA. Glaser, R. W.—The bacterial diseases of caterpillars, 5, xxi, 184-90. Hasebrock, K.—Ueber die entstehung des neuzeitlichen melanismus der schmetterlinge und die bedeu- tung der Hamburger formen fur dessen ergrundung, 89, xxxvii, Abt. f. Syst., 567-600. Prell, H.—Die beteiligung des darms an der entfaltung der flugel bei schmetterlingen, 92, x, 345-49. Rattray, R. H.—Notes on the larval and pupal stages in some of the Sesii- dae, 9, 1915, 9-12. Saunders, A. P.—The cotton worm moth, 68, xli, 65. Seitz, A—Topographie des schmetterlingsflugels, 84, = 113-14. re Barnes & McDuinougt —A new genus and a n. sp. of L. Sets Arizona, 4, 1915, 20-2. Gibson, A—Notes on the preparatory ‘stages of Proserpinus flavofasciata ulalume, 18, 1915, 143-4. Pack- ard, A. S—Monograph of the Bombycine moths of North America. Part III. Edited by T. D. A. Cockerell. [Two new names.] 496, xii, 276, pp. Swett, L. W.—Geometrid Notes—Revision of the genus Hydriomena, group with long palpi, 4, 1915, 9-11. (cont.). -Walsingham, Lord.—Lepidoptera, Heterocera [many new sps.], 15, iv, 281-392. DIPTERA. Bromley, S. W.—Asilids and their prey, 5, xxi, 192-8. Hewitt, C. G—The house-fly. Its structure, habits, devel- opment, relation to disease and control [Cambridge: at the Univer- sity Press, 1914], 382 pp. McDermott, F. A.—Note on the reaction of the house-fly to air currents, $24, v, 73-4. .Cockerell, T. D. A—A new dipterous gall on Stentexe [Perrin ihiescek: 189, vi, 240-1. Felt, E. P.—New genera and sps. of gall midges [2 new sps.], 50, xlviii, 195-211. Fox, C.—Some new Siphonaptera [6 new species]; The taxonomic value of the copu- latory organs-of the females in the order Siphonaptera, 498, Bul. 97, 7-17; 19-22. Malloch, J. R.—North American D. [4 new], 4, 1915, 12-16. Schmitz, H—Die myrmecophilen Phoriden der Was- mann’schen sammlung, 89, xxxvii, Abt. f. Syst., 509-66. COLEOPTERA. Barber, H. S—Prothetely or semi-pupal stage in Lopheros fraternus, 5, xxi, 190-2. Chapman, R. N.—Observa- _tions on the life history of Agrilus bilineatus, 447, iii, 283-94. Dow, R. P.—The Russian masters in C., 411, ix, 96-101.. Dury, C— _____ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139 ; . i demnd Weider’ & pllé Of grass, 411, ix, 101-2 Riehn, H.—Er- beim kodern von kacfern im winter, 92, x, 328-21. A. D.—Preliminary classification of the superfamily 7, Tech. Ser., No. 17, 165-232. Mann, W. M.—Some jlous insects from Mexico. (Orthoptera: 2 new names; a: 7 new names; Hymenoptera: 5 new names). 5, xxi, _verne, O. G. M.—Notes on Telephorus rufus and its Varieties, 186, ix, 165-8. Spaeth, F.—Coleopterorum catalogus, s 62: Chrysomelidae: 16, Cassidinae, 182 pp. _ HYMENOPTERA. Cornetz, V.—Observations nocturnes de a fourmis, 278, xxii, 581-95. Frisch, K. v.—Der farbensinn “M24 formensinn der biene, 9, xxxv, Abt. 1. Aligem. Zool. 1-183. H.—Zur kenntnis der hymenopteren entwicklung. vulgaris nebst cinigen bemerkungen ueber die entwicklung ain 97, cxii, 1-47. ietaeentier, W—Notes on the genus Rhodites, with descrip- s of n. sps. le new], 411, ix, 87-00. Kieffer, J. J.—Bethylidae; (= Proctotrupidae) et Calliceratidae (= Ceraphroni- ; {Bethylidae, 3 n. gen.; Calliceratidae, 2 n. gen), 94, Lief. - “ 41, 42. Mann, W. M.—(See under Coleoptera.) Schmiedeknecht, s O—Die Ichneumonidengattung Pimpla, 497, i, 396-78. | i eee Doings of Societies. Steve NEWARK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ___.. Meeting of January 12, 1913, in Newark Free Public ___ Library. President Buchholz in the chair, twelve members ; _ Mr. John Pfeuffer, of Irvington, was elected a ‘member. Mr. Rummel mentioned taking a Papilio turnus form between turnus and glaucus in Elizabeth, August 5, and Mr. Brehme stated the fact that he saw moths flying at light ‘in New Brunswick on Jan. 6. Mr. Lemmer stated that he had ‘bred Anomis erosa from a larva found on hollyhock in Irving- ton about November 10. Mr. Grossbeck showed sixty inter- esting photographs of scenery taken by himself and Mr. Davis in Florida. _ © Meeting of February 9, 1913, in the Free Public Library. ‘President Buchholz in the chair, fifteen members present. 140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’15 Through Mr. Buchholz, Dr. R. E. Kuntze presented to the society eight papers on Entomology and other sciences. Meeting of April 13, 1913, in the Free Public Library. President Buchholz in the chair, ten members present, Dr. ' Kuntze presented to the society a paper on Entomological Materia Medica, which was accepted with thanks. Mr. Doll reported capturing Noctuidae by beating oak branches which did not lose their leaves last fall. Mr. Rummel very kindly presented five volumes of Entomological News to the society. Meeting of October 12, 1913, in the Free Public Library. Vice-President Henry H. Brehme in the chair, eleven mem- bers present, and Mr. Hampson a visitor. Mr. Rummel showed a box of moths, mainly Papaipema. Mr. Lemmer reported the capture of the following: Acronycta radcliffei, Orange Mts., May 4; Cleora areataria (Broadwell), Elizabeth, April 10; Cleora indicataria, Orange Mts., July 5; Misogada uni- color, Elizabeth, August 4; Lophodonta ferruginea, Elizabeth, June 22; Amolita fessa, Irvington, July 5; Cucullia convexi- pennis, Elizabeth, August 8; and Epimecis virginaria (two black males), Elizabeth, June. : Meeting of November 13, 1913, in the Free Public Library. Vice-President Henry H. Brehme in the chair, six members present. Mr. Rummel reported progréss regarding the col- lection for the Newark Museum Association. Meeting of December 14, 1913, in the Free Public Library. President Buchholz in the chair, eleven members present. Mr. Rummel showed six cases of insects arranged and labelled by him for the Newark Museum Association. Mr. Grossbeck was made a corresponding member. The following officers for the year 1914 were elected: President, Otto Buchholz, re- elected: Vice-President, Henry H. Brehme, re-elected; Secre- tary, Frederick Lemmer, re-elected; Financial Secretary, T. _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141 psp Treasurer, Geo. J. Keller, re- ; Librarian, Louis Doerfel, re-elected ; Curator: Lepi- , Chas. Rummel, re-elected ; Coleoptera and other Or- a Bischoff, re-elected; Trustee for three years, John hd , of February 8, 1914, in the Free Public Library. piles t Buchholz in the chair, twelve members present. Mr. Ba SWeles spoke on the insects taken on nursery stock im- ported into New Jersey during 1913 and on the small percent- dcidive forma if New Jersey considering the fact a 85 species are named in the New Jersey list. ng of March 8, 1914, in the Free Public Library. at Buchholz in the chair, twelve members present. Mr. Brehme, Dr. Barnes presented to the society “Contributions to the Nat. Hist. of the Lepidoptera of N. _ America,” Vol. I, Nos. 1-6, Vol. IT, Nos. 1-4. Mr. Weiss pre- _ sented a French publication on the Hemiptera. Mr. W. P. apart Mr. Herman H. Brehme read 7 SA Beteresting paper on “Insects and Their Relation to Plants _ a Benefactors,” and Mr. Weiss, a paper on “Three Imported _ Insects Occurring in New Jersey.” He also showed Japanese cy + Bemlock teaves infested by Aspidiotus tsugae Marlatt. wi Pitvating of April 12, 1914, in the Free Public Library. President Buchholz in the chair, thirteen members present ; meter. Mr. Erhard, from Brooklyn. Mr. Rummel mentioned the taking of Feralia, jocosa and Copipanolis cubilis, April, 1914. Mr. Weiss then spoke on “Old Ideas and Other Facts About Insects.” Meeting of November 8, 1914, in the Free Public Library. President Buchholz in the chair, seven members present. Mr. Rummel showed several caterpillars, especially Apantesis vir- _ guncula, and a box of Lepidoptera. Mr. Weiss showed all stages of the Florida Fern Caterpillar, Callopistria floridensis, 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 715 which was doing considerable damage to ferns in greenhouses at Riverton and Rutherford. He also mentioned the taking of a single male Gypsy moth at Rutherford on — a; by M. H. Mead, of Passaic. Meeting of December 13, 1914, in the Free Public Library. Vice-President Brehme in.the chair, ten members present. The resignation of Geo. Franck, of Brooklyn, was accepted. Dr. Barnes, through Mr. Herman H. Brehme, presented to the society “Contrib. to Nat. His. of the Lep. of N. A.,” Vol. 2, No. 5. Mr. Weiss spoke on the relations of insects to animals, mentioning the life histories of the different bot and biting flies. He showed specimens of some species particularly in- jurious to animals. The following officers were elected for the year 1915: President, Otto Buchholz, re-elected; Vice- President, Henry H. Brehme, re-elected ; Secretary, Harry B. Weiss ; Financial Secretary, T. D. Mayfield, re-elected; Treas- urer, Geo. J. Keller, re-elected; Curator, Chas. Rummel, re- elected; Librarian, L. Doerfel, re-elected; Trustee for three years, Wm. Erhard. FREDERICK LEMMER, Secretary. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of October 22, 1914. Dr. Calvert, President, in the chair; ten persons present. eee Mr. Laurent presented specimens illustrating stages in the life-history of Leucania unipuncta (Lep.) and read notes on the appearance of the insect and discussed the methods of repelling it. Mr. Rehn exhibited some very large and curious Phasmidae from New Guinea. Mr. Hornig exhibited a mount showing the life-history of Eriopus floridensis (Lep.). Mr. Laurent exhibited a female Papilio (Lep.) captured at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, on July 30th of this year. The speci- men approaches nearer to Papilio glaucus than it does to the INTO SLOG! NEWS. 143 em The scales on the wings are a mixture of both Bet 0, the black scales predominating. He also bited a male of Pamphila campestris (Lep.) captured at ge sere em The speaker stated erect is es the thied specimen d from the vicinity of Philadelphia. The date of cap- ‘Mr -. Williams discussed the value of genitalic characters in Sy Lycaena (Lep.) and exhibited drawings of the geni- Dr a number of species. iE Calvert exhibited colored drawings made from life show- difference in the eye coloring of the dragonflies Proto- a amatoria and Argia oenea (Odon.). E. T. Cresson, Jr., Secy. pro tem. of December 12, 1914. Dr. Calvert presided ; eight 7 be following were elected officers to serve for 1915: Pres- ; < mt, Philip P. Calvert; Vice-President, H. W. Wenzel; E surer, E. T. Cresson; Curator, Henry Skinner ; Librarian, ra T. Cresson, Jr.; Corresponding Secretary, J. A. G. Rehn; eesti Sees Henry Skinner. ‘ Henry Sxinner, Rec. Secy. ——— _ ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NAT- Sa ee URAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. a _ Meeting of November 19, 1914. Mr. Philip Laurent, Di- ‘rector, presided; thirteen persons present. ___ Dr. Skinner exhibited an interesting aberration of Argynnis an “aphrodite (Lep.) taken at Cresco, Pa., August 2, 1914, by ' Mr. F. M. Jones. The upper side is largely melanic and the ‘silver spots below coalesced. ae Mr. Daecke spoke of finding a geometrid larva (Lep.) in = great abundance at Hunters Run, Pa., on July rr. He sup- ___ posed the species to be Zerene catenaria and said the larvae a ° feed on oak, sassafras, willow, maple, Jersey tea, indigo, etc. ____ Dr. Calvert exhibited a slide of the reproductive organs of a - 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., 715 female cricket, and the spermatophore. The curious method of fertilization was described. | | Mr. Laurent said the larvae of Hemileuca maia (Lep.), when full grown, are from 2% to 234 inches in length. The larvae he reared emerged as imagos in October. Mr. Wm. C. Thompson was elected an Associate of the Section. Meeting of December 12, 1914. Mr. Philip Laurent, Di- rector, presided; eight persons present. Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., spoke of the methods of separating some genera in Acalyptrate Diptera. Presence or absence of post-vertical bristles was found to be of absolute value to sep- arate two genera. The following persons were elected to serve as officers for 1915: Director, Philip Laurent; Vice-Director, H. W. Wen- zel; Treasurer, EK. T. Cresson; Conservator, Henry Skinner; Secretary, J. A. G. Rehn; Recorder, Henry Skinner; Publica- tion Committee, E. T. Cresson and E. T. Cresson, Jr. Meeting of January 28, 1915. Mr. Philip Laurent, Di- rector, presided; twelve persons present. Dr. Calvert described the differences in the dimorphic females of /schnura verticalis Say (Odon.). (See Rebrutrs NEws, pp. 56-68.) Mr. Rehn made a few remarks on the species of the Orthop- terous genus Altlanticus, all the forms of which were exhib- ited. An intensive study being made by the speaker and Mr. Hebard has brought out the fact that but a portion of the species were properly differentiated in the past. The im- portant features found to be diagnostic of the species were discussed. Mr. Williams said he had made some genitalic mounts of genera allied to Lycaena (Lep.) and considered the aledoeagus often showed good generic characters. He said some of the genera based on color, maculation and other slight differences were not valid. H. SKINNER, Recorder. a x s Ent. News, Vor. XXVI. Plate V. Ss Morven KH Mead A NEW PIN—weEiss. _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS "PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. APRIL, 1915. No. 4. CONTENTS: Sean e ceucnscccescccvccecesé 149 | Welse—The Commevenan et Feioneoets foe Bod "hot in New Jersey (Acar 85 eee eee ee ! An Inone's Femur as a Fish me Sey me (Arachnida)... 184 poe Seema (Lep., tok. Dip., Hym., Pecceses supe The Entomological Society of France ee TG Weiies cc conctanch -*stmeness Obiteuary— Henri Achard de Bonvosloir 191 _ gaan Pies agneienaenkueatidnn 192 ms Emile Gounelle...... 193 = Leon Vibert ...cscccccnsces 192 ” Albert Cheux.......ssecees 192 A New Pin for Mounting Insects. By Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, New Jersey. (Plate V) On March 17, 1914, there was issued to Mr. Marvin H. Mead, of Passaic, N. J., by the United States Patent Office, a patent covering certain improvements in mounts for speci- mens. These improvements should not be without interest to those engaged in entomological work requiring the care, mounting or exhibition of insects. Briefly, the apparatus consists of a vertically supported pin bearing a small cube of cork. Through this cork runs a hori- zontal support having, at its distal end, a prong which is thrust into the ventral surface of the thorax. The opposite end of this horizontal support after it leaves the cork is bent to form a little crank, by means of which the specimen can be readily turned, exposing all parts of its surface for inspec- 145 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 715 tion. In addition this support prevents the abdomen from drooping in the process of drying (See Plate V, figures 12 and 13). The accompanying plate V illustrates the advantages to be derived from utilizing a mount of this kind. In addition to the specimen being rotatable about a longitudinal axis, the dorsal surface of the thorax remains intact and one has an unobstructed view of the insect. The specimen can also be raised or lowered on the vertical pin, thereby eliminating one of the great disadvantages of exchanging mounted specimens (See figure 14). Another advantage is that a number of specimens can be mounted on a single main support in the area ordinarily occupied by one specimen. In this manner, several thousand specimens can be made accessible in the area usually required by several hundred. This is of consid- erable advantage in shipping or moving collections or storing mounted duplicates (See figure 9). Long-bodied insects are mounted as shown in figure 13, the horizontal shaft acting as a support and replacing such sup- ports as silver wires and bristles. Pairs can be mounted in tandem or side by side on a single main support, thereby facili- tating comparison (See figure 15). Extra label pins are not required when this new pin is used, inasmuch as the vertical pin can carry a label that will not be obscured by the insect (See figure 11). In moving speci- mens from one case to another both label and insect are car- ried in one operation. Lepidoptera are spread in the usual way and the inventor claims that it requires no additional time to mount insects on this pin after one has been shown the simple method of using it. It is readily adaptable for all sizes of insects and certainly deserves more than passing at- tention from entomologists. Figures 1 to 5 show the old methods of pinning and figures 6 to 15 the improved methods. [An exhibit of insects mounted on these new pins was shown in connection with the annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America at Philadelphia in the closing days of last December. As the method aroused our interest and as only a brief account of Mr. Mead’s pin has been published (Journ.'N. Y. Ent. Soc. xxii, 76), we requested Mr. Weiss to describe it. We are informed that the pins can be ob- an from Mr. Mead at 382 River Drive, Passaic Park, New Jersey. —Ep. Ment __ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 asaited of he: Chinch Boe Bes (Hym.). by James W. McCoxtocn, Assistant Entomologist, and H. _ Yuasa, Student Assistant, Kansas State Agricultural ‘ i College and Experiment Station. a During the summer of 1914, the Department of Ento- ‘2 ology of the Kansas State Agricultural College carried on extensive investigation of the life history of the chinch ~ tag eax parasite (Eumicrosoma benefica Gahan). In the = of this work between seventy-five thousand and one Oy thousand chinch bug eggs were collected in the field p determine the percentage of parasitism and for use in the : history work. These eggs were collected regularly dur- the entire summer and. were separated into lots of from to fifty and kept in small vials where they were examined | diy, On August 4th a small, light greenish, parasite was found in a vial of eggs collected July 27th from crab e A careful examination of the eggs in the vial showed that one of them had a small round hole cut in the side of it. _ either the chinch bug or Eumicrosoma benefica and left no ¥ ra eres a Come from (Rg ’ The egg from which it emerged was attached to another chinch bug egg from which an Ewmicrosoma benefica emerged. (Fig. 2.) On August roth another one of these parasites was bred from a chinch bug egg collected from crab grass on August 1st. This collection was made from a One of the projects under the life history work on Eumi- crosoma benefica was to determine whether it had any host other than the chinch bug egg. Collections were made of all kinds of eggs found in the habitat of the chinch bug and its parasites. * In these collections large numbers of eggs, which were thought to be eggs of a leaf-hopper, were taken and in nearly every case they were parasitized by this same greenish 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 15 A few specimens of this parasite were sent to Mr. A. B. Gahan, entomological assistant, United States Bureau of Entomology, and he determined them to be Abella sub- flava Girault. In commenting on his determination Mr. Ga- ; UY FIG. 1. FIG. 2. Fic. 3. B Cc Fig. 1.—Chinch bug egg showing exit hole of Eumicrosoma benejfica. Greatly enlarged. Fig. 2.—Two chinch bug eggs deposited together. (A) shows exit hole of Abella sub- pore af is shows an adult Eumicrosoma benefica emerging from egg. Greatly Fig. 3.—Eggs from which Abella subflava were bred in large numbers. Probably eggs of a leaf-hopper. (A and C) show the exit holes of A. subflava. Greatly enlarged. han says, “According to Girault this species occurs widely distributed in the United States and also in Australia. He says that it is parasitic on the eggs of a Jassid that infests wheat straw. Your specimens agree nicely in the generic characters with the types of Girault’s species and I was un- able to find any character that would indicate a different species although your specimens appear a little lighter in color. I attribute this to their having been in alcohol. I showed the specimens to Mr. J. C. Crawford and he agrees with me in the determination.” A number of attempts have been made to carry the life his- tory of this parasite through on chinch bug eggs but in all cases the results have been negative. In two cases there was ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 yme indication of parasitism but the eggs failed to give up parasites. When placed in the presence of chinch bug eggs ¢ fem ts show but slight interest in the eggs and do not become excited when they come in contact with them. The Heagth of the aduk life has been found to range from seven fourteen days when fed on sweetened water. ; in the natural control of the chinch bug, Abella a insignificant part. The fact that only les have been reared from the large number of xamined seems to indicate that parasitism of chinch CEE by iti accidental rather than nator 4 By Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, N. J. arrangement of the following list is in accordance with SI ice feet os Sia or a Gesea ee Pre U. S. Nat. Mus. 1907, Vol. 32. The list is of course _ to our knowledge of the Acarian fauna of the state. My thanks are due Mr. Nathan Banks for determinations made x cance Garman. Greenloch, Moorestown, Englishtown and _ ‘other parts of the state. The Clover Mite. Feeds on clover and foliage of fruit trees. oa Tetranychus Dufour. _ . bicolor Bks. Westfield, 7-22-14, and other parts of state. Tak- ssn on apple, silver maple and other plants. _ 1. bimaculatus Harvey. Throughout the state. The common , “red spider” of greenhouses. Attacks roses, carnations, palms, violets and many other plants grown under glass. Quite a pest some seasons on various outdoor plants. T. pilosus. Newark, on fruit trees. E. L. Dickerson. Family Tromerprpar. Microtrombidium Haller. M. locustarum Walsh. Occurs upon eggs, nymphs and adults of _ grasshoppers. 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 Family [xopipAe. Ixodes Latreille. I. cookei Pack. New Jersey, (Tech. Series No. 15, U. S. Bur. Ent.) Common on small mammals. Haemaphysalis Koch. H. chordeilis Pack. The bird tick. Undoubtedly occurs in New Jersey. H. leporis-palustris Pack. Occurs on rabbits. Amblyomma Koch. A. americanum Linn. Undoubtedly occurs in New Jersey. The Lone Star Tick. Has a wide range of hosts. Dermacentor Koch. D. variabilis Say. Milltown, Glassboro, Bridgeton, southern New Jersey. The dog or wood tick. Family GAMASIDAE. Dermanyssus Duges. D. gallinae Redi. New Brunswick, Hammonton, Vineland, Bridge- ton and other parts of the state. The chicken mite. Celaenopsis Berlese. C. latus Bks. Anglesea. Laelaps Koch. L. multispinosus Bks. New Jersey. On muskrat. May. ; Macrocheles Latreille. M. badius Koch. College farm, May 19, 1914. Taken on Scato- phaga stercoraria Linn. C. H. Richardson. Also common in manure. M. marginatus Herm. Nutley, 7-22-14. On Allorhina nitida. H. B. W. Family OrrBATIDAE. Nothrus Koch. N. truncatus Bks. Anglesea. Family TarsoNEMIDAE. Tarsonemus Canestrini. T. pallidus Bks. Hoboken. On chrysanthemums in greenhouse. J. B. Smith. T. waitei Bks. Undoubtedly occurs in New Jersey. The peach bud mite. Attacks terminal buds or shoots, usually on nur- sery trees. Pediculoides Targioni-Tozzetti. P, ventricosus Newport. New Brunswick, southern New Jersey. Attacks larvae of Angoumois grain moth and Bruchus quadri- maculatus. Also man causing a skin eruption. __ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15! Pediculopsis Reuter. Manasquan, Bergenfield, College Farm, in __ greenhouses. In connection with bud-rot of carnations. H. Family Tyroctyrmmar. . Tyroglyphus, Latreille. T. farinae De Geer. Infests flour and stored foods. 7. lintneri Osb. Orange, Trenton, Freehold. The mushroom mite. Sometimes destructive. h > Rhizoglyphus Claparede. Riley. New Jersey. In asparagus shoots. parts of New Jersey. M. T. Cook. Somerville, Keansburg and other parts of W. Occurs on willows in carly summer. Irregu- lar woolly tangles of leaf or flower buds. ; Jarvis. Norwood, Westwood. H. B. W. The hazel- Hillsdale, Woodcliff Lake. Bud gall on yellow alsh. Galls occur on petiole, ribs and large veins of walnut. Occurs in New Jersey. M. T. Cook. Steb. Mount Holly. H. B. W. On Castanea dentata. Pgst. Throughout the state, on pear and sometimes apple, reddish blisters on leaves. Sometimes destructive. ‘i he om ar no | if i F F E. quadripedes Shimer. Westfield, Imlaystown, Englewood and other parts of state. Pouch-like galls on upper sides of leaves EX querci Garman. In various parts of the state. The oak mite gall. Occurs on scrub oak, white oak, chestnut oak. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’r5 E. rhois Steb. New Brunswick, Highland Park, Nutley, English- town and other parts of state. On upper and lower surfaces of Rhus radicans. Poison ivy mite gall. . salicicola Garman. New Brunswick, Somerville and other parts of state. Galls on upper surface of willow leaves. . semen Walsh. New Brunswick, other parts of state. Galls on upper and lower surfaces of willow leaves. . serotinae Beut. Highland Park, M. T. Cook. Common gall on wild cherry. ulmi Garman. Elizabeth, Westfield. Galls on upper surface of leaves of Ulmus americana. viburni Steb. Elizabeth. Galls on leaves of Viburnum den- tatum, . ferruginea Farlow. Beech mite-gall. On Fagus americana. New Brunswick. T. J. Headlee. . phlocopotes. Forms galls on plum. Trenton, October 15, 1913. New Jersey Experiment Station Report, 1913. He ee ew A New Genus of Canestriniidae (Acari.). By NatHan Banks, East Falls Church, Virginia. Dr. Roland Thaxter has recently sent me what is to me the most remarkable mite. It will form a new genus in the Canes- triniidae; mites that are usually found on beetles; they are genuine parasites, but do little harm to their hosts. Acrotocarus n. gen. A canestriniid; body in front with a T-shaped process, the front part of which bears a large, bilobed, hyaline membrane. Legs short, coxz radiately arranged; mouth parts sunken within an oral cavity under the anterior edge of the body. Type—tThe following new species. Acrotocarus mirabilis n. sp. Body dark, legs pale, dorsum with two large pale spots in the middle and a fainter one in front of them, near tip four small pale spots form a transverse row. Main part of body about as long as broad, pointed behind. Legs short, fourth pair about as long as width of body, penultimate joints of all, except first pair, with a very long bristle, other joints with one or two short bristles and several at tip of tarsus, caroncles of hind legs smaller than of anterior legs. 153 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. long bristles each side; one in front, one (the fong- — s 7. » 7. 4 4 n re 7. - = _ ¥, 4 ° _, ; * oo ‘ ee Ss - i a ia * ( . (ied A rie a. i - rs - = = Body with four Toe Oy t ‘oa ra bi tip; at each the Bimerat one. humerus, one on posterior middle and one | of the anterior process is a bristle as long as Acrotecara: mirabilis a. gon. et =p. : an i He ai, Hebei 3 we a 3 | ie geo eh iy Zs wogpes® #2. ( a yD sh 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 15 Duration of Pupal and Adult Stages of the Meal Worm, Tenebrio obscurus Linn. (Coleop.). By Puit Rau, St. Louis, Missouri. About September 15, 1913, a lot of the yellow meal-worm larvae, Tenebrio molitor Linn., were found in a chicken- house in eastern Kansas. They were under a board among dry hen excrement and a multitude of their own shed skins. On May 10 and 15 two of them transformed into pupae. As no others pupated, I concluded the rubbish in which they were kept was too dry, so I moistened it slightly. This caused a growth of fungus which killed all the larvae. In October of the same year I found in my own pigeon- house in St. Louis a lot of larvae of the dark meal-worm, Tenebrio obscurus, and made notes on the longevity of the adults and the length of time each spent in the pupal stage. It is interesting to note that while the two lots were side by side in the laboratory, heated during the day in the winter, the dark meal-worms commenced to pupate at the end of Febru- ary and the yellow ones, excepting the two mentioned hereto- fore, showed no signs of pupating up to the time of their death in June.* At the end of May a search in the pigeon-house revealed a number of larvae and adults, commingled with shed skins and some dead adults. Several of the larvae were taken for controls. Here we have larvae which spent all of their lives in the open, in contrast with those fed in the laboratory. Eleven of these pupated in June and are added to the table, denoted by “s.” Table 1 gives the data of the duration of the pupal and adult life and the total for the dark meal-worm, T. obscurus. It is interesting to note that all of these controls (“s” in table 1), lived shorter periods as adults and spent shorter periods as pupae. However, I do not consider that this necessarily indicates that the outdoor conditions of existence *That these beetle adults appear considerably earlier than do the yellow ones confirms the observation of F. H. Chittenden in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. N. S. No. 4, rev. ed., p. 118. 155 Total 38 <6 “i at 49 4 yo 44 at ary “4 as a? 22 th 8 '7 "9 "7 6 7 ss ’ fg grate cvceenstsectestetees % iw S8sITEEAsesesss2 we nen eeme we j METRE 2F eonecssacye~ $H~33RR- 57885 | .) Hi RABBAahanda- Ser gear sewers combined period of pupal and adult life, ing month, as the weather grew warmer, shorter duration until June brought the shortest ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Taste 1. some of those which pupated in March en- exhaustion. Here, too, we will find by glancing expect to find that the length of pupal life would way affect the adult life, either that a long pupal life ; would endow the individual with abundant vigor to carry it + through a longer adulthood, or else that the combined length “> # a } , . be al = eur . Seess, ssse2ce be Z a se t 2 _ aes are ; te.“ 45 eS - 2 7 y | a 7 : ; id _ s i” - i he * ‘sn a. 3 a = ‘or f ’ co , be ee OG (5.4 7 , ie: 4 was shin , 2 “ 7 - _ x is. . a. P : aj ; : ’ : : . , - aa ip s : . . _ ; ‘s * di a -_— oe, Ca 7 o if 7 - . ? the prolongation of life results from inertia. We find in more favorable than the laboratory conditions, but rather ceeropia moth* that colder condition is correlated with - jh s2argretatoeereanneeensesss that when the pupal stage was extended the adult life would be correspondingly abbreviated, and vice versa, so the balance *Journ. Exp. Zool, Vol. XII, p. 189, 1912. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 715 would be maintained. But a scrutiny of these data reveals no evidence of such a result. In two cases the duration of the stages was equal, in six cases the pupal duration was greater than the adult duration, and in forty-one the adult life was the greater. In some cases we find a long pupal stage correlated with a long adult stage; in others we find a shorter pupal stage correlated with a still longer adult stage, etc., in almost every possible combination. The following tables show the details of the duration of the pupal stage, the adult stage and the combined durations. TABLE 2. TABLE 3. TABLE 4. Duration of Pupal Stage. Duration of Adult Stage. Combined Pupa & Adult. Days. Frequency. Days. Frequency. Days. Frequency. 4s I 10 I 15 s I 5s 6 rt 6 5 16s I 6s 2 12s 7 17s 5 7s 2 13 2 18s 2 II 2 15 I 19 s I 13 2 16 I 22 I 14 5 20 I 24 I 15 2 21 I 25 I 16 2 23 2 27 I 17 6 24 I 30 I 18 6 25 2 33 2 19 5 27 6 34 I 20 3 28 3 37 I 21 6 29 I 41 3 22 I 31 3 43 I 23 2 33 I 44 6 24 I 34 I 45 I 35 z 46 2 Av. 15 Ds. 36 2 47 I 3 I 48 I 3 I 49 bs 43 I 50 2 50 I 52 I 55 I 54 a 55 I Av. 24 Ds 56 I 58 3 69 I 71 I Av. 39 Ds. The duration of the pupal life of 54 individuals (see table 2) varied from 4 to 24 days, with an average of 15 days; 48 of these (table 3) passed through a normal adulthood of Io ° to 55 days, with an average of 24 days, and the combined du- ration for these 48 individuals (table 4) gives a total life of 15 to 71 days, or 39 on an average. The tables are for both sexes; no attempt was made to distinguish the sexes. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 Wieet:—The food of both larvae and adults consists of (the barbs), barley, oatmeal, sunflower seeds, seeds in bird excrement, rice, dead crickets and dead larvae a Se gd tac oe cites cee Ane The eggs are deposited in early summer; in August the ta are full-grown, but go on feeding until about March, _ when they usually pupate, but some go on longer. In the ma- terial of T. obscurus taken full grown in October, 1913, I have three still feeding in the grown larval state now, No- vember 16, 1914, and they seem to be healthy, and in good ‘condition, while their sisters have done their share in propa- The color of the larva of 7. obscurus is dark while the entire pupa is cream white and remains so to transform into an adult; then first of all the antennae assume a reddish brown color, then the the entire body. The adults at transforma- of this brownish color, but gradually become after a few days they are of a dull, piceous black es : 9 Hine E Three new Species of Japanese Orl Flies (Neur., Megal.). By Waro Nakanara, Tokyo, Japan. Amongst recent additions to my collection from different parts of Japan are the following three species of Sialis which are evidently undescribed. Although as ordinary-looking the they possess anal appendages very different of any other known species. n. sp. (Text-fig. 1). about ten obscure brownish longitudinal streaks, two are very distinct, on caudal half; maxillary brown, excepting the basal joint which is black; palpus totally blackish; antennae black. Prothorax evidently wider than the head, rounded on the anterior ara I 1 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 angles and somewhat concave on the middle of the posterior margin; the rest of thorax totally blackish. Legs all black, with fine hairs on coxae and femora; the first tarsal joint nearly as long as the second and third together in each leg; claws blackish. Fore wing rather smoky, suffused with ferruginous in the basal portion and at pterostigma; veins stout and black, basal portion of the upper branch of media and the inner cross-vein between radial sector and media nearly colorless; about ten cross-veins in costal area; three or four veins in pterostigmatic region; one cross-vein between subcosta and radius. Hind wing much paler than the fore wing, espe- cially so in anal area; pterostigmatic region darkish, containing two or three veinlets; some five or six cross-veins in costal area. Abdomen dark piceous; the ninth segment moderately long; the tenth segment very short. Ventral-appendages of the male long, nar- row, and rounded at apex, wide apart from each other. Length of body 8 mm., of fore wing 9 mm., of hind wing 7.5 mm. A single male specimen, captured by me at Seta, near Tokyo, in April, 1914, is in my collection. Sialis melania n. sp. (Text-fig. 2). Head black with many impressed longitudinal lines on the caudal half; maxillary palpus black; labial palpus fuscous black; antenna black, shorter than fore wing. Prothorax wider than broad, rather rounded on anterior angles, and somewhat concave on posterior margin; meso- and metathorax entirely black. age 2 4 V b Ventral abdominal appendages of males of Japanese species of Sialis, 1.—Stalis diminuta n. sp. 2.—S. melanta n. ete = 2 Spe nikkoensis n. sp. 4.—S. Japonica vy. d. Weele. 5.—S. mitsuhashii Okamoto. ~ 6.—S. Srequens Matsumura. Legs deep black, the first tarsal joint shorter than the next two fol- lowing joints together in fore and middle legs, but in hind leg these two parts are of nearly the same length. ; Fore wing nearly black, somewhat paler in the discal area; basal : Hanae 4i2 42 33 Hi Fill] Hf fc 4 Pay GHatiie ui i fatal ah i be yt dean hy ty yi lig! pire ul ike Ee i elt padi lel i cid AL ean nqill! LM paBA YH Es cuit [elisgheuyites § eH ae ay dutty! a gly Li ii Ah Hi i rE ne Fe 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 15 Three male and seven female specimens, captured by me at Yumoto, Nikko, on July 29, 1914, are in my collection. In studying these new species I had occasion to examine rather minutely the anal parts of all the Japanese forms of which I possessed adequate material, including all the described species excepting S. jezoensis Okamoto, of which only a single female specimen (type) is known. I have given here outlines of the ventral aspects of the appendages of the new species just described, together with those of other known species, as these are of considerable value in deter- mination of the species. ets Life History of Menesta albaciliella Chambers (Lep.). By ANNETTE F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio. Strobisia albaciliaeella Cham., Can. Ent., X, 77, 1878; Menesta albaciliaeella Busck, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, 903, 1903; Dyar, List N. A. Lep., No. 5652, 1902. The fact that the imagos of this species are always found in open woods or fields amongst patches of blackberries, and usually resting on the upper side of the leaves in the sun, pointed to the probability of blackberry for the food plant. A search for the larvae several weeks later resulted successfully and a number of moths were reared. The larval habits of this species resemble in general those of the other two species of the genus, but show some interest- ing and peculiar variations from the habits of either. On June 19, a number of larvae, some very young, others about half grown were secured on leaves of the common blackberry (Rubus villosus Ait.). ‘The larva feeds on the under surface of the leaf, beneath a web of silk which begins in the angle between the midrib and a lateral vein and extends along the midrib and outwardly between two lateral veins. The accompanying figures will supplement the description to follow. At first the larva skeletonizes a narrow portion of leaf extending from the angle along a lateral vein, or rarely from the angle along the midrib itself (a). In the basal part ‘ Vol. xvi) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161 — SENET ten, the upper epidermis is left intact, but there is no I ccs conde tot ofres ots Farther out epidermis is left. During this time the larva has been the extent of its web, which however remains near its beginning, toward which it retreats when dis- Toward the outer edges of the web the larva then out the area next to be consumed, thus: a narrow line the upper epidermis intact is cut through the lower _ Bélocts of feeding methods of the larva of Meneste elbecthella. Explanation in the text. epidermis and leaf substance, enclosing thereby an irregular oval or circular space (b). In the portion of this space first. consumed, a small piece of upper epidermis is left, which soon becomes brownish and shriveled. In the rest of the oval space the entire substance is eaten (c). The earliest if such areas are usually small; there may be three or four simi- lar holes, each larger than the preceding (c). The web is ex- tended outwardly in a thin sheet to reach each of these spots (c). At maturity the web is thickened near the angle and drawn into an oval cocoon-like mass, within which the char- acteristic short and broad flattened pupa is formed. The imagos appeared July 11-18. There is a second generation late in the summer which pro- duces imagos the following spring. 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — (April, ’15 On Some American Aeolothripidae (Thysanoptera). By J. Doucras Hoop, U. S. Biological Survey. Three years ago, in this journal, Dr. E. A. Back recorded Aeolothrips vespiformis Crawford, as rather common at Or- lando, Florida. The species had been described three years before from a unique female collected in Nicaragua. For it he erected the new genus Franklinothrips, in honor of Dr. Henry J. Franklin. A second species of this genus is describ- ed below, from Panama. The European Aeolothrips albicinc- tus Haliday is also reported for the first time from America. FRANKLINOTHRIPS Back. 1912. Franklinothrips Back, Ent. News, Vol. XXIII, p. 75. ° 1913. Franklinothrips (pars), Bagnall, Trans. 2nd Intern. Ent. Congr., pp. 396, 397. 1913. Franklinothrips (pars), Bagnall, Journ. Econ. Biol., Vol. 8, p. 157. Type. Aeolothrips vespiformis Crawford, designated by Back, 1. c. This genus is very distinct from Aeolothrips, in which its type species was originally described, as shown by the union of the head and prothorax into a compact elliptical mass; by the short broad head, whose outline as seen from above is almost exactly semi-circular; and by the narrow fore wings, which are without cross veins, distinctly broader across scale than at basal fourth, and which have a denuded area near base and long costal bristles. Aeolothrips longiceps Crawford, A. nasturtii Jones, and Mitothrips megalops Trybom have recently been placed in Franklinothrips; but the first two of these appear rather to be true members of the genus Aeolothrips Haliday, while the third forms the type of the genus Mitothrips Trybom. Aeolo- thrips longiceps is almost certainly a male of A. kuavanaii Moulton in which the wing veins have become obliterated by the reagents used in its mounting; and it is just possible that this explanation is the proper one for the disappearance of” the cross veins in the wing of A. nasturtii. Both species were described from uniques. > 7 a xxvi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163 “_ Eiiiethvips megalops certainly belongs in‘a distinct genus, ee. for the third and fourth antennal segments are remarkably -e the fourth alone being nearly three times as long . ne seeped combined. Furthermore, the . is greatly enlarged and not at all continuous in outline «it the pretiorasan the se exci erge promi- and reniform. It is doubtless the closest known relative of Franklinothrips; the resemblance of the wings is especially of Ee ahove restricted, Franklinothrips contains two species a which may be separated by the following : yy ent Key to the Species of Franklinothrips. _ @& +=Antennae less slender, the third segment about 11 times as long a8 greatest subapical width ; segments 1-3 clear pale yellow ; com- _ bined lengths of segments 5-9 about 1.3 times as great as that of segment 3; 3 about 2.5 times as long as s. Fore wing near apex __-—s with a rather poorly defined pale spot which does not attain the ____ fing vein. (Fla, Tex., Nicaragua, Panama.) F. vespiformis Crawford. aa. Antennae more slender, the third segment about 13 times as long &s greatest subapical width; segments 1-4 clear pale yellow; com- bined lengths of segments 5-9 about equal to that of segment 3; 3 about 3.7 times as long as 5. Fore wing near apex with a large distinct white area entirely occupying the space between the two portions of the ring vein. ( Panama.) F. tenuicornis Hood. vespiformis Crawford. (Fig. b). 1909. Acolothrips vespiformis Crawford, Pomona Coll. Journ. Ent., Vol. 1, p. 109, fig. 49, A-D. 1912. Franklinothrips vespiformis, Back, Ent. News, Vol. XXIII, p. 75, figs. 1-3. : 1913. Franklinothrips vespiformis, Hood, Psyche, Vol. XX, p. 119. 1913. Franklinothrips vespiformis, Bagnall, Trans. and Ent. Cong., P. 397. Distribution: Nicaragua (Crawford); Florida (Back) ; Texas (Hood) ; Canal Zone, Panama (Hood) ; Moro Island, Panama (Bay of Panama, near Taboga Island), October 17, 1913, 3 females, James Zetek. ¢: 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 Franklinothrips tenuicornis sp. nov. (Fig. a). . Female—Length about 1.8 mm. General color blackish brown, with purple reflections, the head darkest; pterothorax with bright orange pigment; first abdominal segment orange, with a line of brown along sides and base; second and third segments clear white in apical two-thirds, brown at base; last segment lemon yellow; antennal segments 1-4 clear pale yellow, 5-9 dark blackish brown; fore femora orange, shad- ed with brown on outer surface; middle and hind femora white at extreme base, yellow at apex, the intermediate portion brown, with orange pigment; tibiae brown, tarsi yellow; wings of fore pair dark brown, with three transverse white bars; the first sub-basat, narrow, irregular, not traversing the scale; the second broad, crossing middle of wing; the third sub- apical, not quite attaining margins. Head about two-thirds as long as wide, smooth and shining above, sloping evenly to base of antennae, the dorsal outline of cheeks, eyes and front of head almost exactly semicircular; frontal costa broadly rectangularly emarginate; a pair of rather prominent bristles between anterior and posterior ocelli, two pairs of smaller posto- cellar bristles, and a few still smaller bris- tles on cheeks and eyes; ventral surface of head flattened, densely hairy, produced an- teriorly as far as the base of the first antennal segment, the apex of this pro- duction with a pair of dark bristles nearly equal in length to the two: basal segments of antennae. Eyes longer than their dis- tance from posterior margin of head, pos- teriorly prolonged on ventral surface, and with large, ‘circular, separated facets. "3 Ocelli of posterior pair twice the diameter Fig. a, right antenna of F. ¢enui- of anterior ocellus and more widely sep- Fig. b. a0 hcg Pe of F.vespi- arated. Antennae very slender, about Sormis Crawford. 3.7 times as long as head; segment 3 about 13 times as long as greatest subapical width and 3.7 times as long as 5; combined lengths of 5-9 about equal to that of 3; segments 1-4 pale yellow, 4 grayish at apex; 5-9 nearly black. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented; labial palpi 4-segmented. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165 x slightly longer and broader than head, much broader than i aiteerding pouciaily, with a few minute bristles. Meso- fax semicircularly rounded in front. Wings of fore pair narrow, bout cross veins, distinctly broader across scale than at basal fourth, t a denuded area near base. Legs very long and slender. men very narrow at attachment to thorax, subpetiolate, diverg- segment, where it is about 1.3 times as wide as ptero- x, thence converging abruptly to tip. Bristles on segment 10 yel- ,all others dark brown, arranged as in its congener. of holotype: Length 1.76 mm.; head, length .198 mm., atennal segments: 1, 36; 2, 48; 3, 246; 4 156; 5, 72; 6, 60; 7, S4; ; 9, 16 microns; MOT hicetiicd 2s een’ WAGs ot sen. fea — 1 from one female taken by Mr. James Zetek, by _- Sweepin ia lilead. Posame (Bey of Panama, near Ta- a Of m Island), October 17, 1913. __— Closely allied to F. vespiformis, with which it was taken and as - 1s a) ‘, + “ fe Handb. d. Ent, Bd. 1, p. 418. TFRs. “Acolotieips elbocincte, Amyot et Servitle, Ins. Hemip., p. 646 A852 coothrips abicincte, Halday, Walker, Homop. Ins. Dri Beet, Mus., p. 1118. ta albicincta, Reuter, Diagn. Sfv. nya Thys. f. Fin- sare Pp. 7. 1895, aera albocincta, Uzel, Monogr. Ordn. Thys., p. 75, Tab. 3 "slp. Acolothrips albicincta, Reuter, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fen- 3 nica, Vol. XVII, No. 2, p. 33. 1907. Acolothrips albocincta, Buffa, Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat, Mem., Vol. XXIII, p. 57. 1907. Aeolothrips albocincta, Buffa, Processi verbali d. Soc. Tose. ° Sci. Nat., adunanza del di 7 luglio, 1907. _ 1908. Aeolothrips albocinctus, Buffa, Redia, Vol. V, p. 134. A913. Peeere ectaaet, Woe, Journ. Keon, Bal, Vol. 8 P. ee ee ee 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, re 1914. Acolothrips albicinctus, Karny, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, LXIV Bad., p. 51. Five females (of which two are macropterous) and one male (brachypterous) were taken in the State of New York by Mr. J. C. Faure, when he was a student in Cornell Uni- versity. ‘They were correctly identified by Mr. Faure, and have subsequently been compared by the writer with authentic European material. The detailed records of the specimens are as follows: Canastota, New York, July 29, 1912, 3 2 9, of which one is macropterous, on corn leaves; Canastota, N. Y., Aug. 1912, 1 ¢, brachypterous, reared; Chester, N. Y., Aug. 14, 1912, 1 2, brachypterous, on onion; Elmira, N. Y., July I, 1912, I 9, macropterous, on onion. An interesting addition to the American list, which in Europe has been recorded from England, Finland, Sweden, Austria, Italy, Portugal and Sardinia. A Remarkable Abdominal Structure in Certain Moths (Lep.). ee By FREDERICK W. RusseLL, M. D., Dallas, Texas. Many years ago while living and collecting at Winchendon in the northern part of Massachusetts, I was one day manipu- lating the abdomen of a certain moth for the purpose of expressing the eggs. Suddenly there shot out from the ex- tremity of the abdomen a tubular process, curved, tapering and crowned at the end with a neat little brush of yellowish hair. It was of a pale flesh color and sparingly clothed with delicate, long, brownish hair. With the slightest variation in the pressure, or by the motion of the air, it waved to and fro in a very interesting way. I tried by maintaining the pressure for a long time to get it to harden and so be pre- served as a specimen, but after a half hour’s effort I desisted, when it suddenly shot back out of sight. I have always be- lieved that the species was Drasteria erechtea, but I have not been able to see it in that species since, and the observation remained unique until very recently. my in Dallas, Texas. Here the nights, of March _ gist and April ist, of 1913, were very dark, very warm and sultry. In the evening there was a huge halo of insects gyrat- jing around an arc light near my house. The ground beneath __was black with beetles, Calosoma scrutator in great numbers, Carabus lugubris. big black water beetles and two large Species of Dytiscidae, with Lachnosternas by the handful. _ Now and then plump white moths whacked down on the roadway, and proved to be the well-known moth of the salt tessively abundant in the middle states. I secured a great specimens and made a beautiful plate of nature-prints the wide variation of the species in size and the and proportions of the black dots. Applying my male, I moved them slowly and firmly down anal tows portion of the abdomen, when to my great _ Surprise and delight, the long-sought abdominal process shot the segmental line on the ventral side and waved as of old. In one specimen the anal segment itself upward strongly and gave so fine a view of the affair that I seized my pencil and got a fairly good drawing of the structure, though I have no facility in that work and near the end of the body, the anal segment lifts itself upward more or less and the last suture begins to widen. To the right and left laterally, first appear in the widening aper- ture, the tips of two brushes of hair, when suddenly, always amusingly suddenly, there shoot out two flesh-colored, curved, tapering, tubular processes, united at the base, and with a hair at the ends. The sides of the tubes are some- what crenulated, as if segmented, although that does not seem to be really the truth, and there is a rather scanty growth of delicate, brownish hair along and around the tubes. Their constant waving gives the impression that they are alive. I verified this observation in the fall of 1913 and in April and ees eel rr wml l,l Sh eee ee” ee ee 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 779 3 ! Fig. 1.—Estigmene acraea 3; a abdomen, right side; 6 anal segment strongly thrown upwards; c tubular processes projecting from anal suture; d basal union of the two tubes; e¢ anal suture widely opened. “ 2,—Ctenucha venosa; a curved tube; 6 edge of tube; ¢ cross-section of tube; d cir- * cular brush at end of tube; e circular brushes of hair and basal thickening. “ 3.—Scepsis fulvicollis; a process extracted with thread-like attachment; 4 feeble crenulations of tube; c golden bands of color found occasionally around the tube; d the processes expressed. Vol. xxvi) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169 =a | September af 1014, slihdlagty the epecies thes been rare since ee glen lanl Tn the fall of bts snifingsta’ tie: May ‘and October, 1914, _ there were abundant examples of the pretty moth Ctenucha eee wnn very Mack wings, with reddish stripes lengthwise ee with red. In the spring they were flying about the horsemint, near a wood of hackberry trees. were resting on and flying about the yellow- weed which covers the fields with vast sheets venosa | also found this strange process in seems a little stouter in proportion to the size of tl many of the examples were defective, poorly developed. Normally they are about 54 of an inch long, with the sides a little more crenulated, the crenulations extending around the tube, and dotted with the usual deli- cate hairs. In one case there was a circular fringe of hair at the base, another midway and the usual brush at the end. Sometimes there was a band of golden yellow about the base along the tube. The brush at the end Fyree Hilts Th Ha In the fall of 1913 I secured one male of Scepsis fulvicollis which had precisely the same structure, and on October 23, 1914, two males and one female, and during the next two weeks they were not rare. Always the males possessed this process, never the females, which makes me feel that the first Winchendon example was also a male. In fulvicol- lis the process is much longer and more delicate than in Estigmene acraea and in Ctenucha venosa. It measured in one case 1 1-16 inches. The sides of the tubes are hardly process. Attached to the basal cross-bar was a thread-like tubular structure two inches long, which I thought might be an intestine and probably not a real factor in the case. On November 22, 1914, a boy friend brought in a fine 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’15 fresh male of Ctenucha cressonana. “It is, it is, The Cat!!” It presents a fine example of the process, long, quite slender, smooth, with denser but shorter hairs along the tubes and a smaller brush at the ends. It is not to be supposed that I have secured all the species of moths that have this peculiar structure. Yet for many years I have very regularly tested almost everything that has come in my way. I have found, however, some peculiar fea- tures in two or three butterflies. I have examined very few Geometrids. Of the four species certainly known, one is a Bombycid, and three are Syntomids, a family that contains an immense number of species in the lands to the southward. It is to be hoped that some one familiar with histological work can investigate further. Very fresh specimens will be needed. The sketches made to illustrate the text are diagramatic. A new Nearctic Gonomyia (Tipulidae, Diptera). By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.* The crane-fly herein described as new appears to be rather widely distributed in northeastern North America, but has been confused with previously described forms. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) mathesoni sp. n. Color light brown, the thorax rather indistinctly striped; femora without brown bands; wings nearly hyaline; Sc long, extending far beyond the origin of Rs; cell 1st M2 open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of vein M3; basal deflection of Cu1 far before the fork of M. ; Male.—Length, 5-5.2 mm.; wing, 6-6.1 mm. Female—Length, 6.6-6.8 mm.; wing, 6.3-7 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae rather short, the three basal segments light yellow, the remaining segments brown- ish. Front white, the vertex more yellowish, the region adjoining the eyes behind more brownish. Pronotum pale, whitish. Mesonotal praescutum light yellowish brown with indistinct darker brown stripes behind, one on either side of the rather broad median area, these extending from the transverse suture to the proximal ends of the pseudosutural foveae; lateral mar- *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell Uni- versity. Vol. xxvi) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 171 gi ; of the sclerite broadly white; in alcoholic specimens four stripes _ ghow on the praescutum, the elongated median one being subdivided by a narrow line; scutum light yellowish brown with a large rounded Wings hyaline or nearly so, stigma barely indicated, veins pale yel- lowish brown. Venation: (see text figure 1) Sc long, extending to about midiength of Rs; Rs clongated, arcuated; R2 + 3 subangulated at the proximal end of the stigma; basal deflection of R4 + 5§ usually angulated; cell 1s¢ M2 open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of vein M3; basal deflection of Cur far before the fork of M, this dis- tance being longer than the deflection. Abdominal tergites brown, narrowly and indistinctly margined on with dull yellow; sternites dull yellow. Male hypopygium (sce text figure 3) with the ninth pleurite (5) the the apex produced caudad into an clongate, pale in color and provided with numerous hairs; the ven- ace as the short cephalic inner arm; in a position of rest 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 lower pair of which are the larger. Gonapophyses small, pale, feebly chitinized, cylindrical, on the cephalic face at two-thirds the length with a feeble chitinized tooth. Habitat—Eastern United States and Canada. Holotype, ¢, Sacandaga River, Fulton Co., N. Y., June 26, 1914 (Alexander). Allotype, 2, topotypic. Paratypes, 30 8, 2, topotypic. 10 6, 2, Truro, Nova Sco- tia, July 7 to 26, 1913 (Matheson). This interesting species has long been confused with Gonomyia cognatella O. S., but has little in common with that insect. It is more closely related to G. blanda O. S., but is easily separated by the unmarked wings. The cell 1st M? open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of vein M* is found only in cognatella, blanda and mathesoni in Eastern North America. These three species may be separated as follows: 1. Basal deflection of Cur at the fork of M; Sc short ending just before the origin of Rs. cognatella O. §S. *. Basal deflection of Cu1 far before the fork of M; Sc long, ending beyond the origin of Rs. % 2. Wings spotted. blanda O. §S. F. Wings unmarked. mathesoni sp. n. This species is named in honor of the collector of the para- types from Nova Scotia, Dr. Robert Matheson, of Cornell University. The insect, both in New York and in Nova Scotia, is found on rich vegetation along the banks of rivers. The Tipulidae found in association with this species include the following: Antocha saxicola O. S., Cryptolabis paradoxa O. S., Rhabdo- mastix (Sacandaga) flava Alex., Gonomyia sulphurella O. S.., etc. . * cognatella Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, 230; Monographs of the Diptera of North America, IV, 1869, 181, pl. IV, fig. 18 (male genitalia) ; 23rd Report N. Y. State Entomologist, 1907, Needham, Crane-flies of New York, pl. 24, fig. 4 (wing). { blanda Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, 231; Monographs of the Diptera of North America, IV, 1869, 182, 1&3, pl. IV, fig. 17 (male genitalia) ; 23rd Report N. Y. State Entomologist, 1907, Needham, Crane-flies of New York, pl. 24, fig. 5 (wing). ae. Los Angeles, Calif. A casual examination of a series of Synchloe lacinia form : i from Argentina so impressed the authors by the y of this form to our californica (Wright) that we Jed to make a somewhat detailed comparison of these two orms and also of /acinia (Hiibn.). Ye are indebted to Mr. J. R. Haskin for the loan of a eries of californica and lacinia, and to Dr. E. Giacomelli for a Series of saundersii from Argentina. Mr. Wright's “But- _ terflies of the West Coast” and Dr. G. B. Longstaff’s “But- ter furnished us with informa- other data. In the ENTOMOLOGICAL small and indistinct; in lecinia they are always very faint. The buff median band in californica is similar to that of lacinia; in it generally extends to the basal angle, but sometimes it is a 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 15 Under side, primaries: The marginal buff spots in californica and lacinia are always distinct; in saundersii they are small and faint. In californica the white spots of the submarginal row are generally small; in lacinia they are twice the size and in saundersti they are of intermediate size. The yellow median band is even in width across the wing in cali- fornica and saundersii; while in lacinia it tapers off toward the anter- ior part. In californica the base is brownish-black, except the inner: half ‘of cell which is buff and a white spot in outer half of cell; in lacinia and saundersii this area is brownish-black with two buff spots in the cell and one between veins Cu2 and A. Secondaries: On the outer edge of the yellow median band in lacinia and saundersii there are some spots partly detached by black marks, but in californica there are no such spots. The number and position of these spots vary greatly. The base is brownish-black; in lacinia there is a row of four buff spots, and beyond this there is one spot in the cell and one between veins SC and R; in saundersti and californica there is no such spot between veins SC and R. Habitats. californica: Goldroad, Ariz. (1), Colorado Desert (4); ) lacinia: Georgetown, Texas (1), Southern Arizona (4); saunders: Caracas, Venezuela (2), San Juan, Trinidad (2), La Rioja, Argentina (3).* References: (1) Mr. J. R. Haskin, (2) “Butterfly Hunting in Many Lands” by Dr. G. B. Longstaff, (3) series from Dr. E. Giacomelli, (4) “Butterflies of the West Coast” by W. G. Wright. To our minds these three names. represent geographical forms of one species found from Argentina to California. It is seen by our comparison that saundersii is closer to califor- nica than it is to lacinia. To show our ideas more graphically we would suggest the arrangement of these forms as follows: Synchloe lacinia lacinia Hiibn. Synchloe lacinia saundersii Doub.-Hew. Synchloe lacinia californica Wright. *According to the catalogues of Dyar and Strecker and an article in Papilio by Aaron, saundersii is found in the United States and the habitat is given by Aaron as Texas. | Ps ; ‘By A. H. Manee, Southern Pines, North Carolina. The following species of beetles were declared to be new by the late Frederick Blanchard after whom I have named s first. Types have been placed in the collection of the ny of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Zs regs MREESTASEAamMENE Q : _ : se %.4 , xs J , : ne e > 2 s ae mY ee fms & & a ee. s0s05 00 8 8, Larger; markings on vertex more obsolete, often scarcely indicated ; elytral venation pale, the pronotum without pale longitudinal lines; last ventral segment of the female more produced, the lateral angles obvious; length 9-10 mm.; U. S. and Canada to Rocky. Mts. aces Secs i okt awa ee angulifera Walk. Smaller, markings on vertex distinct; elytral venation more or less bluish; pronotum with three bluish longitudinal lines; last ven- — tral segment of the female more truncated; length 7 mm.; United States ehiisee isis as sik pidcai eee sa mollipes Say. 9, Anterior margin of pronotum with vermiculate dark marks; vertex subacute before; scutellum with three points and a line black; colors dull; last ventral segment of the female truncated, a little roundedly produced at the middle; length 7 mm.; Georgia, inscripta Nn. sp. Anterior margin of pronotum without vermiculate marks........ 10 10, Male: head subacute, angle of the vertex distinctly less than a right-angle; markings of vertex heavy, including a sagittate mark before the apex and an annulus next the eye; form nar- rower; plates produced in long acute upturned points; length 7 mm. ;, Colorado, to-Canada ~’..: ).....05eeubmune manitobiana Ball. Head more obtuse, apex of the vertex about a right-angle in the male, scarcely less in the female; markings of vertex lighter, with an incomplete annulus next the eye and no sagittate mark before the apex; form broader .........si dicots Ee II 11, Black marks at apex of the vertex narrower, linear and parallel in the female, broader and more diffuse in the male but not transverse or divergent behind; sides of the pronotum without a black line behind the eye; male antenne long, thickened to near its tip; male plates with abrupt, slender and divergent tips; length 7-8 mm.; Washington and Oregon ....crassicornis n. sp. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 179 s at apex of vertex broad and subtriangular, transverse penne the sronctiee with slender Wael) Hine behind ; male antennae normal, setaceous; plates of male with nd r divergent tips; length 8 mm.; United States and Can- BA woe eee ee nese Weteaeea dat cc cdeces noveboracensis Fitch. Vertex bou' és Tong 20 the proncties: whitish with a short median MSs sno totorere tas ood coastins top +e _ ; scutellum with a transverse line and sometimes four is lack SINE S 2d baat A Dcded’s acceducssen gilletti Ball. th shorter than the pronotum, fulvous with a polished black ~ n each ocellus; scutellum immaculate or with the incised s ine ner bon, South Sate to California. .reticulate Sign. } to 7-guttata Walker but differs in being smaller, green in- of testaceou brown, and in wanting the black points on the behind the eyes and the anterior point on the vertex is pehahe i ij male as long as the pronotum, distinctly longer in from above rectilinear, not slightly concave Front viewed from the side nearly rectilinear, not ¢ female 7-guttata. Last ventral segment of the lateral angles sometimes a little tes longer than the pygofers, acute and a little i recurved at apex, about as in 7-gwfteta. arcen, somewhat obscure; vertex, costa and anterior margin obscure greenish or whitish yellow. Three points on the Pand an angular mark at the apex black; the two posterior nts are more conspicuous and are placed on the hind margin behind ocelli. Pale anterior margin of the pronotum sometimes with ‘green mottlings. Scutellum with two conspicuous black points a | the basal angles. Beneath and legs pale brownish testaceous; d front darker with a black point at apex and another in the antennal # Cope about seven darker arcs; sides with a blackish vitta under the ‘extended over the pleurx, sometimes diffuse; tergum blackish, in the male. ~ Described from numerous examples of both sexes taken on a Billy's Island in the Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, in June, and in Decatur County, Georgia, in July, by Prof. J. C. Bradley. his is evidently the form described by Dr. Ball as _7-guttata in his Review of the Tettigonide. His specimens were from Florida and Mississippi. He —_ ~ eis in ’ ate 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 Draeculacephala bradleyi n. sp. Allied to balli but averaging smaller. Length 5-6 mm. Vertex long; of the female one-fourth longer than the pronotum, of the male scarcely longer; sides rectilinear. Front viewed from the side very feebly concavely arcuated. Clypeus quite strongly angled. Last ventral segment of female short-triangular at apex, the sides nearly straight; plates of the male longer than the pygofers, acute but not produced at apex. Color a rather dull dark green, nervures paler; vertex, broad an- terior margin of pronotum, scutellum and costa yellow, more or less tinged with green. Lineations of the vertex obscure, especially in the female; hind margin with a short oblique line behind each ocellus; ocelli black; extreme tip of vertex fulvous with a minute brown dash on either side. Pale anterior margin of pronotum with dusky lines and points, more conspicuous in the male. Beneath nearly black, deeper on the face, where the frontal arcs are often obsolete; edge of the head clear yellow. Venter sometimes greenish, the edge of the con- nexivum pale. Described from one female and many males taken on Billy’s Island, Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, in June, and in De- catur County, Georgia, in July, by Prof. J. C. Bradley, to whom this species is dedicated in recognition of his able assistance in the collection and study of the Hemiptera. I have tried to identify this species with producta Walker, but I find too many discrepancies to allow of such determina- tion. Draeculacephala inscripta n. sp. Allied most closely to minor, but more stoutly built, with the vertex and anterior margin of the pronotum heavily lined with black, Length 7 mm. Vertex acute at apex, a little shorter than the pronotum, its length nearly one-half its width across the eyes; the surface behind the apex not so strongly depressed as in some of the allied forms; clypeus unusually tumid and strongly angled when viewed from the side. Last ventral segment of the female roundedly produced at the middle, this lobe shorter and less angled than in the allied species. Color dark dull green above with the vertex, anterior margin of the pronotum, scutellum and costa dull yellowish. Markings of the vertex heavier than in any allied species, more typical of the noveboracensis group; these marks consist of four arcs on the reflexed base of the front, which unite to form an oblique black ray either side of the apex; strongly curved line on the disk behind thi§ terminating ocellus and near a vertical line which with the marginal me next the cye nearly encircles a black dot; median line lack anterior margin of the pronotum with vermicu- marks. Scutellum with thé anterior margin, in part beneath ytum, the transverse incised line and three points before it venation pale. Beneath pale, face darker, with about ) brown arcs. A lateral line cutting the eye deep black; apex of the ad black bisected by a yellow line. 25 =p =, — sh * ¢ female taken in the Okefenokee by f. J. C. Bradley. sephala crassicornis n. sp. to noveboracensis, but with the vertex a little longer in the more heavily lineated with black; male antennae stout, 7-8 the vertex slender but distinct; black marks at apex of erte: all triangular in the male, in the female linear, in both sexes leaving a conspicuous yellow median vitta. Plates of the male abruptly narrowed to long, slender points as in it but here they are strongly divergent, almost at a right not upturned as in the other species. Antennae of the male long onspicuously thickened nearly to the apex and a little flattened, of the thicker portion a little more slender. Last ventral ‘the female less produced than in noveboracensis, with the duller than in noveboracensis, the apex of the pronotum and _ base of the vertex sometimes touched with green; sides of pronotum without a black longitudinal line. Elytral venation more or less bluish. — © testaceous, becoming black on the apical one-half of the thickened portion, with its apical seta white. Described from two males and one female collected at Rock Creek, Oregon, July 14th, and two females from Cor- __ yallis, Oregon, all received from Dr. H. F. Wilson, and one female in my own collection taken by Mr. T. Kincaid at Olympia, Washington. Should these sexes be incorrectly placed the name must follow the male. The unusually thick- _ ened antennz of the male will distinguish the species. . | am ee ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, IQI5. The Intensive Study of Species. The differentiation of species or of larger taxonomic groups on the basis of the differences shown by a single structural feature, a single organ or a single system of organs, is a familiar feature in the history of biological classification. As a student of the late Prof. E. D. Cope, we recall a remark made by him to the effect that eventually each group would probably be defined by a single character only. At nearly the same time, Dr. George H. Horn would express his belief that the study of a hitherto unregarded organ in any series of living things would ultimately improve and correct the tax- onomy of that same series as previously established on other characters. Recent tendencies seem to incline to Horn’s view rather than to Cope’s. Prof. Castle has expressed these tendencies thus: If we compare one wild species with another, we commonly find existing between them not single striking differences but numberless ininute differences..... if one makes an intensive study of related spe- cies, he finds that they differ in endless details of structure and physio- logical behavior extending even to differences in size of the constituent cclls of the body (Conklin), or of their parts (chromosomes, chromo- meres, etc.). (Sctence, Jan. 15, 1915, p. 96.) Prof. McClung tells us of having corrected a false label on a microscopic slide of sections of a grasshopper’s testis by recognizing the differences in the chromosomes of the species really present and of that which it purported to be. In a recent obituary of Prof. C. S. Minot we have quoted his conclusion “even a piece of cuticle suffices for the identifi- cation of the species” of a Lepidopterous larva. The minuter differences, the finer discriminations, these are the signs of the times in taxonomy and Prof. Castle, in the article from which our quotation is made, shows in a most interesting way how these small differences are related to the possibilities in evolution. 182 g Bocca, § sitginesgisaeehy 3 Uiacks (eanaiied H1 phn Hitahe! ds Bae ATP eH bth aj GHA ailg - $- ibe i FEET ie i zed pep Hl pee THY a ah lek § ites ult ft 1: bil ul i , Feb. ‘end of a fishing line, so that the recurved spine will act as a fish hook barb. [See H. Balfour's article and illustration in Man a ee crea eaees is oe tun ete of coe ern Goodenough Islands, near New Guinea. The femur is strung on the Proposed Entomological Work in Porto Rico. Professor John H. Gerould, of Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, expects to go to Porto Rico with Dr. A. G. Mayer's party and other insects of the island with a view to undertaking breeding experiments upon stock from the tropics. on May 15, returning to New York, June 21, to study the Lepidoptera 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 15 Linguatula serrata (larva) in a Native Central American. (Arachnida). Two cases of infection by linguatulids have been observed at Ancon Hospital during the past six years and while the condition is not un- commonly met with at autopsy in Europe, and while infections by other representatives of the Linguatulidae—Porocephalus armillatus and moniliformis, have been reported from Africa and Asia, the literature appears to afford no example of an infection by Linguatula in a native of America. In the case reported here a post-mortem examination was being held on the body of Leonidas, T., aged 32, a native of Nicaragua. He had been in Guatemala fourteen months ago, where he lost an arm during one of the revolutions there. It can not be ascertained with accuracy . how long he had been in the Canal Zone, for he was not an employee. He entered the hospital at Paraiso and had evidently been on the trails for a couple of days (Dr. Preston). The ‘patient was transferred to Ancon Hospital, August 29, 1911, and died September 15, 1911. During the autopsy, immediately after the lungs had been removed and excised, a larva was found crawling over the cut surface and along the pleura. As this was the only larva found, its exact location during the life of the patient is not known. The larva, no doubt, while parasitic, was harmless, and played no part whatever in the cause of death, which was cirrhosis of the liver. The larva was active and crawled about very much like a fly larva. Its activity was retained after being five to six hours in a saline solu- tion under a cover slip. Its color was white, becoming grayish and translucent when mounted temporarily under a cover slip with saline solution. Its body was 6.5 mm. long; its greatest width 1.52 mm.; it was flattened and tapered to an obtuse point posteriorly. It was en- circled transversely by alternate rows of pores and retrorse, colorless, chitinous spines——[Further description is given.] In 1905, one of us (S. T. D.) saw a larva very much like the one just described. The specimen was seen in a film preparation from a stool. It is believed the patient was a white man, either a native of or long resident in Central America—Dr. S. T. Dartinc and Dr. H. C. Crarx in Proceedings of the Canal Zone Medical Association, Vol. IV, pt. II, pp. 11-14. Date of publication not given. Identification of Specimens. The following desire to be added to the list of those willing to determine material from North America in their respective groups. (See this volume of the News, pages 33, 35, 85 and 133 for further information and for directions for sending specimens.) CotropTera.—Cerambycidae: W. S. Fisher, 1337 Parkwood Place, N. W., Washington, D. C.; Certain families: C. A. Frost, 26 Pond Street, Framingham, Mass, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185 a —_— ta Wanted on Migrations of the Cotton Worm Moth (Lep.). “J H. Gerould, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hamp- data bearing on the appearance of swarms of Alabama rthern States. He has recently reported. such a on which occurred at Hanover on October 12, 1912, and ! with records of this species at other localities, and with Seer captions, ia am Miche to eppets in Science tkable mite on a siesta rat (Fiber sibethicus cinnamominus Hollis- ter) on ‘on the Brighton road in Adams County, Colorado. I determined it as Laclaps multispinosus Banks, and this identification was later con- firmed by Mr. Banks. The species was described from Canada, and is te United States —T. D. A. Cocxenets, Boulder, Colorado. Pitntomological Literature. vi ah COMPILED BY EF. T. CRESSON, JR... AND J. A. G. REHN, Under the above head it is int to note papers received at the “Palindelp na ; Natural of nl to the En- a7 (North and ), including y & 8.4 and not be noted; will butia and ener of insects, - : relating to Ai tomy. phyalolony and jen, will be aS n' priest: aoe ya to the Journals as numbered in rf Pare recorded only at their ~~ a = els 7 ” r = ’ =. Sateecos apa " f > o tally st SCR Fee records terature, see the Fxperiment Station Record. q Office of Experiment Stat ashington. Also Review of Applied En- For occ spay ayant Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied $—The American Naturalist. 4—The Canadian Entomologist. ; @—Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 9—The Ento- mologist, London. 11—Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 45—Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 50—Proceed- ings, U. S. National Museum. 59—Sitzungsberichte, Gesellschaft der naturforschenden Freunde, Berlin. 68—Science, New York. 79 —La Nature, Paris. 92—Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insekten- biologie. 123—Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, Milwaukee. 161—Proceedings, Biological Society of Washington. 184—Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 211—Popu- lar Science Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 2398—Annales, Biologie La- custre, Brussels. 279—Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft. ? 204—Bullctin, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Reunion Mensuelle des Naturalistes du Museum, Paris. 344—U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 399—Proceedings of the - Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge, England. 447—Jour- 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 nal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 480—The Annals of Applied Biology. 499—Transactions, Wisconsin Academy of Sci- ences, Arts and Letters, Madison. 500—Bulletin Trimestriel, So- ciete d’Histoire Naturelle ... de Toulouse. 501—Rivista Coleot- terologica Italiana. GENERAL SUBJECT. Brunner v. Wattenwyl.—Obituary no- tice, 45, 1914, 570. Gilles & St. John—Use of formalin in setting insects, 9, 1915, 41-2. Grossbeck, J. A—John Arthur Grossbeck, with a bibliography of his published writings, by W. T. Davis, 6, xxii, 271-75. Howard, L. O.—Report of the entomologist, 344, Rept. of Secretary, 1914, 183-98. Kellogg, V. L.—Insects of the Pacific, 211, Ixxxvi, 265-9. Thompson, W. R.—The cuticula of in- sects as a means of defence against parasites, 399, xviii, 51-5. PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Castle, W. E.—Se- lection, sugar-beets and thrips, 3, xlix,,121-2. Hoge, M. A.—The influence of temperature on the development of a mendelian char- acter, 184, xviii, 241-98. Liff, J—Data on a peculiar mendelian ratio in Drosophila ampelophila, 3, xlix, 97-120. Newell, W.—Inheri- tance in the honey bee, 68, xli, 218-19. Zeleny & Faust—Size di- morphism in the spermatozoa from single testes, 184, xviii, 187-240. MEDICAL. Howard, L. O.—Dr. A. F. A. King on mosquitoes and malaria, 68, xli, 312-15. ARACHNIDA, ETC, Caesar, L.—An imported red spider attacking fruit trees, 4, 1915, 57-8. Petrunkevitch, A.—Attidae of the Yale Dominica expedition, 6, xxii, 329-31. NEUROPTERA, ETC. Awati, P. R—The apple sucker, with notes on the pear sucker, 480, i, 247-72. Boyer, M. A.—La mue chez un Thysanoure du genre Machilis, 500, xlvi, 92-8. Cummings, B. F. —Note on the mouth-parts of a species of Polyplax (Anoplura) and on the relationship between Anoplura and Mallophaga, 11, xv, 256-9. Heiner, H.—Zur biologie und anatomie von Cloéon dipterum, Baetis binoculatus und Habrophlebia fusca, 279, liii, 289- 340. Marshall, W. S.—On the anatomy of the dragonfly, Libellula quadrimaculata, 499, xvii, 755-90. HEMIPTERA. Hargreaves, E.—The life-history and habits of the greenhouse white fly (Aleyrodes vaporariorum), 480, i, 303-34. Williams, C. B.—The pea thrips (Kakothrips robustus), 480, i, 222-46. Funkhouser, W. D.—Report on a collection of Membracidae from the Colombian Andes, taken by J. T. Lloyd, 6, xxii, 275-81. Jacobi, A—Bemerkungen ueber Jassinae (Homoptera Cicadoidea), 59, 1914, 379-83. Patch, E. M.—Two clover aphids, 447, iii, 431-33. : ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187 EPIDOPTERA. Davis, W. T—Some additions to the New ay list of L.. 6, xxii, 332-3. Swett, L. W.—Geometrid notes— criptio of a new variety [of Hydriomena speciosata], 4, DIPTER Scott & Lamb—The carly stages of Paltostoma i with a description of thefemale, 11, xv, 181-202. . lex. a C. P.—Description of new sps. of crane-flies from | America, 50, xiviii, 441-4. Brues, C. T.—A synonymic ta om of the dipterous family Phoridae, 123, xii, 85-152. John- ‘gon, C. W—A n. sp. of the genus Nephrocerus [N. slossonae]), 4, = 4-6. Malloch, J. R.—Synopsis of N. American species of the s Bezzia (Chironomidac) [3 new], 6, xxii, 281-5. Townsend, i. T—Proposal of new muscoid genera for old species [60 new ‘ee }, 161, xxviii, 19-24. : ee LOPTER Barber, H. S.—The breeding place of Der- ss mestes elongatus, 161, xxvii, 145-46. Brocher, F.—Recherches sur - tion des insectes aquatiques adultes. Les Dyticides (sec- “a article), 239, vii, 5-39. Della Beffa, G—Anomalie cromatische a5 0 rvate nello studio dei Coccinellidi, 501, xii, 139-48. Leuder- =: . H.—Zur lebensweise brasilianischer Cicindeliden, 92, xi, 25-7. “i BStellwaag, F.—Dic alula der kacfer, 45, 1914, 419-34. De cg M. A.—Mission geodesique de l'Equateur. Insectes recucillis par M. le Dr. Rivet. Coleopteres clavicornes, 284, 1914, rm Ch.—Note sur divers C. Buprestides des col- ~ ctions du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris; Collections ea recueillies . . dans la Republique Argentine, C. Buprestides, 284, a i eeeee. Lang, C. WA s. op. of Arthromacra with other species of Lagriidac; Balaninus quercus Horn, 6, ; ; 332. Olivier, M. E.—Collections recucillies par M. ad ok: R dans la Republique Argentine, C. Lampyrides, 284, ' 1913, 573-5. Pierce, W. D.—Descriptions of some weevils reared in Peru, 344, Secr. Rept. No. 102. Schaeffer, C_—A of the No. American species of Onthophagus [1 new], HYMENOPTERA. Boenner, W.—Der temporare soziale hyper- von Lasius fuliginosus und seine bezichungen zu Cla- ide cTet Banks, N.—New sps. of Psammocharidae [13 new], 6, xxii, 300-6. Cockerell, T. D. A—Bees from Ecuador and Peru, 6, xxii, 306-28. . Forel, A—Einige amerikanische Ameisen [5 new], 45, 1914, 615-20. 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 15 Rohwer, S. A.—Synopsis of the species of sawflies belonging to the genus Dimorphopteryx [3 new], 50, xlviii, 445-8. Schrottky, C. —Beschreibung einer neuen Crabronide aus Paraguay; Einige neue bienen aus Sud-Amerika, 45, 1914, 624-5; 625-30. Doings of Societies. FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL. Meeting of November 18th, 1914, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 5614 Stewart St., Philadelphia. Eleven members were present. Pres. H. A. Wenzel in the chair. » Lepidoptera. Mr. Daecke exhibited ten specimens of Erannis tiliaria Harr. from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Octo- ber 23, 24 and 26, 1914, showing great individual variation. Stated that in the minutes printed in Ent. NEws xxv, p. 431, 1914, “Force Mt.” should be “Fourth Mt.” Coleoptera. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited specimens of Ambrosia Beetles, Xyleborus celsus Eich. from Upper Darby, Pa., October 24, 1914. Said they were deep boring Scolytids and very hard to get, the specimens shown having been chopped from dead hickory six or seven inches below the sur- face of the wood by H. A. Wenzel and Mr. Kaeber. Diptera—Mr. Harbeck exhibited a pair each of the four species of Proctacanthus recorded from New Jersey, viz.: philadelphicus Macq., nigriventris Macq., brevipennis Wied. and rufus Will. and called attention to the difference between philadelphicus and nigriventris which were confused in col- lections under the name of the former until Prof. Hine separated them after examining New Jersey specimens sent him by Mr. Harbeck. Adjourned to the annex. Meeting of December 16th, 1914, at the same place. Elev- en members were present; Pres. H. A. Wenzel in the chair. Dr. Skinner stated that during the recent storms the ice was an inch thick on the trees about his home in Ardmore, many limbs being broken off by its weight which he thinks will have great effect on insect life. Lepidoptera. Mr. Daecke exhibited the workings of the risbu Pennsylvania, but instead of breeding ‘the moth he ‘gotten a Sarcophagid (Dip.) parasite June 10, 1914, and 1 how the fly deposited its eggs upon the moth larvae. . Skinner said one peculiarityof this moth was that though - was nocturnal it is never attracted to light. Mr. Laurent had caught one by sugaring. _ Diptera. Mr. Daccke also said he had found scale insects | with a Lepidopterous larva which he had placed in ac itself and was surprised to breed a fly: Drosophila pleta Woll. Mr. Harbeck exhibited a dozen species of E-xro- _ prosopa and Anthrax collected by Mr. Woodgate in Jemez _ Mts., New Mexico. i 2G Mr. H. W. Wenzel said that since the end of , 1914, H. A. Wenzel and he have collected more sand species of Cioidae than all the collections in Castle said he had been working on the Staphylinidae and had collected at Morton, Pennsylvania, June 15, several speci- et lad daria ag which he said is closely Ao to the Canadian species O. occipitalis Fauv. _ Hymenoptera. Mr. H. A. Wenzel exhibited five nests of 7 = ays | the Potter aha Eumenes fraternus Say, found at veal Meeting of January 20th, 1915, at the same place. Eleven members were present. Messrs. Rohwer, Crawford and Cushman, of Washington, D. C., visitors. Pres. H. A. Wen- zel in the chair. The President read his annual address which was ordered to be incorporated in the minutes. : The present officers were re-elected to serve for 1915 and _ areas follows: President, H. A. Wenzel; Vice-President, W. S. Huntington ; Treasurer, H. W. Wenzel; Secretary, George M. Greene, and Assistant Secretary, J. W. Green. 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’15 Hymenoptera. General discussion on Vespula and their nests. Mr. Daecke said he had seen a nest of maculata in the mountains near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, that, instead of being suspended from a limb, was built against the trunk of a tree (about two feet in diameter) four feet above the ground. Diptera. Mr. George M. Greene exhibited a specimen of Callicera johnsom Hunter which he collected in Fairmount Park, Phila., and said he understood it was the seventh speci- men recorded. The type was taken in Fairmount Park by Charles T. Greene, May 7, 1895, resting on the ground on the east side of the Schuylkill River. The specimen shown was collected May 7, 1914, resting on a tree on the west side of the river, directly opposite where the type was taken. Hemiptera—Mr. Laurent exhibited his collection of Cica- didz in which all the species known to occur in New Jersey and Pennsylvania with the exception of one were represented. He stated that the reason the males outnumber the females in collections was owing to the fact that the males alone pro- duce the call or song, thus enabling the collector to locate them. Adjourned to the annex.—Grorce M. GREENE, Secretary. <40> paler in general coloration, but the males before us have the ' lateral lobes of the pronotum broadly banded with blackish 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’15 brown with a few scattered dots of the paler general coloration and the lateral field of the tegmina almost entirely piceous; these markings are simply described as brown by Saussure and McNeill, though the latter refers to the dots in the dark portion of the lateral lobes. In other respects our material agrees fully with Saussure’s original description, in which unfortunately the number of spines and spurs of the caudal tibiae are not mentioned, though the length of the dorso-internal spur is given. MEASUREMENTS (IN MILLIMETERS) Tagus Cove, Galapagos Ids. Petropolis, Brazil.. Type N. specult Brazil. Types, ex Saussure ex McNeill : \ os ron fon g Length of body.........++- ni 5.8-6 “6.5 7.5 Length of pronotum....... Pa 1.4 1.6 1.6 Caudal width of same..... esas 1.9 2. 2.5 Length of tegmen.......... 2.5 2.8-3. 3. tH Length of caudal femur.... 4.” 4.-4.2 4. 4.4 Length of ovipositor....... see. Seren Meee woes 8.2” Specimens Examined, 2; 2 males. Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IV, 12 to 14, 1913 (M. Burr), 2 @ [A. N.S. P.]. Hygronemobius albipalpus (Saussure). 1877. N[emobius] albipalpus Saussure, Mélang. Orthopt., II, V fasc., p. 257. [2 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] This distinctive species, previously known only from the type’, is remarkable in its very small size, graceful form, white maxillary palpi, pronotum which narrows decidedly cephalad, dark sooty markings and very long wings (though, as in the other species of the genus, the tegmina are truncate distad and almost wholly lack the anal field in the male sex). The series 7. The material from French Guiana, recorded by Chopard (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, LXXXI, p. 402, 1912), of which he figures a male, be- longs not to this species but to a species of Nemobius, probably trini- tatts of Scudder. 199 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Measvnements (16 Mitimerers) o glad igh S. gi2 (H. S. Examined, 26; 8 males and 18 females. Sa iauiel 19 to 24, 1 ” ie 17 to 23, 1912 (H. »18,42 [A.N.S. P.]. ),78, 142% [A.N.S. Exrtanation or Pirate VI. = et 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May, ’15 A new Genus and some new Species Belonging to the Dipterous Family Bombyliidae. By E. T. Cresson, Jr., Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. This paper is the result of a brief study of the genus Geron in the collection here. The genus seems to divide into two groups which are quite distinct, holding characters, especially one, which the writer considers of generic value. ‘Typically the species of Geron have the third joint of the antennae long and tapering to a fine style-like apex. In 1892 Coquillett de- scribed two species which he placed in this genus, which have the third joint broadly rounded or truncated apically. Later he described others with the same character. The style in these, instead of being at the apex is in a shallow notch at or near the upper angle of this joint. It is sometimes so minute as to be scarcely discernible. This character, as well as the absence of scales, and the slight difference in the venation, serves as a base of the following new genus. All the previ- ously known species of the group were described by Mr. Coquillett, and are included in the table of species given in this paper. - == Fig. 1.—Antenna of Pseudogeron mitis (x 55). Fig. 2.—Wlng of Pseudogeron mitis (x 14). Fig. 3.—Antenna of Geron sp. (x 55). Through the kindness of Mr. Knab, of the United States National Museum, the writer was able to examine the typical specimens of most of the described species. With the aid of these I am able to construct a table of spe- cies which I trust will be practical. On account of the lack of good series of many of the species, the amount of variation is difficult to determine and some of the characters used may not 4 Vol. xxvi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201 SMR "Phe tescnce or absence of-yellow margins on the ab- - dominal segments is apparently of little specific value and so _ is not used to the extent that it has been. There is often con- variation in the length of the proboscis of specimens the same species, also in the coloration of the halteres, so ese characters should be used with care. In associating the 0. sexes the possible differences in coloration must be con- j _ The material examined from Texas and New Mexico was by Messrs. J. A. G. Rehn and H. L. Viereck in the te Spring of 1902. All types of the new species, except where iiiiewiss noted, are in the collection here. The length given for the specimens always excludes the proboscis and antennae. PSEUDOGERON gen. nov. species, moderately pilose to nearly bare. Head hemi- at most broad as thorax. Eyes large, broadly con- in the male. Frons in female about one-third width _ of head in known species. Vertical triangle occupied entirely by the prominent ocellar tubercle. Face medianly, contained in the large oral cavity; the sides more or less broad; lower occiput convex. Antennae situated about on median line of eyes; first joint generally shorter than third; second globose; third much longer than broad, apex rounded and notched at . or near upper angle in which is situated the short or minute style. Proboscis exserted, corneous, as long as, or longer than, the head; palpi slender. : Thorax higher than long; strongly convex dorsally, more or less hunch-backed. Scutellum convex, rounded apically. Ab- domen conical, broad as thorax, rarely longer. Legs slender without spurs ; pulvilli normal ; empodium rudimentary. Wings ) hyaline in known species, with auxiliary first and second veins | long, the latter ending in the costa ; third branched beyond dis- | cal cell, the two members of the branch subequal in length, 3 generally acutely diverging at their bases ; second submarginal cell about two to four times as long as broad; three posterior cells present ; anal cell closed. Type species—Pseudogeron mitis sp. nov. 202 or - 10. kin ee 12. 13. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May, ’15 TABLE OF SPECIES. Posterior cross vein oblique, more or less sinuate ......... 2 Posterior cross vein perpendicular to fourth and fifth veins, SEPRIGIE |. in ao a bs be ee od sonia auebalana dete ee PEE First antennal joint nearly four times the length of second; ro- bust, mostly shining species ..... .... Cakivd's wedi -....setosa First joint at most twice the length of second; mostly opake SPOCIER ETN GN Niele Osada ae oes ahd eet tera Pega Face pilose; small c. v. at or beyond nadia of discal cell. Abdomen opake. js. Geiniaset shou « ib pias 0/6 9 Spas sea Abdomen shining black, margins of sceeeenee yel- : LOW joo enois ine s.0' 46-0 ,04 00 9 Wk, s nie ie cinctura Face bare; small c. v. far before middle of discal cell ...... 4 Large (6.0 mm.). robust species 3 ...... 35610 0aen eee capax Small (3.5 mm.) slender species ......s.0+.ssseeueeect sigma Malet SS es tka sa! Wily has loa og coe We lo ec a err 6 Females oss 0::é,srend ene © alee kl wane On pleat aiene 8 sae whe ry | Shining black, at most faintly pruinose below ......... .-atra Mostly cinereous species .......... ee Ere r es Mesonotum with distinct broad black vittae ............mitis Mesonotum cinereous, at most narrowly bivittate or faintly MATOS V5 a Siecle bs. 4.0's Bea or¥. wus dele Ree gn ¢aeotauee Third antennal joint broadest before its middle and some- what tapering apically, tibiae mostly yellow ..... ...fasciola Third antennal joint broadest beyond its middle, not tapering apically, tibiae black 5. oso. 0.05 0c «pie ole be.» 9's SR 9 Mesonotum densely cinereous, narrowly bivittate with black, with faint sublateral presutural spots .............. bivittata Mesonotum at most faintly marked .................. er | Larger (3 mm.), robust, pilose species ..............-..- knabi Small (2 mm.), slender, nearly bare species .......... obscura First antennal joint, anterior half of frons, humeri and scutellum yellow (). 2. (oc. sencedvsoscceescaees ti eRe .knabi These parts black, more or less densely cinereous ..... as | Mesonotum distinctly broadly trivittate with brown; orbits of frons.and face yellow... 0. J6.s%s0s0es olous © ee formosa Mesonotum narrowly bivittate and with large sublateral spots, sabopake. Blache 3.55.0; =): a 382 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 715 ings were few and confined to the early part of his life, his _ knowledge of Aphids was remarkable and his unselfishness in sharing this knowledge with his co-workers and his good-na- tured willingness to help anyone and everyone who applied to him for aid, places him high as a scientist. Besides the papers listed below, Monell contributed short items to most of the early American entomological publications and he has, be- cause of his willingness to share his knowledge with others, become a contributor to many of the important papers on Aph- ididae. As Professor F. M. Webster has so aptly said, “‘Ento- mology has certainly sustained a serious loss as he seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of knowledge which he was always ready to impart freely to anyone whom he could assist in any way.” In 1914 Mr. Monell suffered a stroke of paralysis, and, six months later, a second stroke left his entire lower limbs help- less, although his arms and brain were perfectly normal for he mounted a slide of Aphids as late as April, 1915. Asthma, brought on from hardening of the arteries, caused his death. He married Nellie Gifhorn September 30, 1881, who sur- vives him, and who bore him five children, of whom three, all of St. Louis, survive him. The Monell collection of Aphididae, which contains most of the American species, as well as many types—all on slides in balsam—and his complete notes on most of the mounts in the collection, will eventually be deposited in the United States National Museum. Monell published the following entomological papers, de- scribing one new genus and 32 new species: A new genus of Aphididae. (Can. Ent., Vol. 9, No. 6, June, 1877, pp. 102-103. Reprinted in The Valley Naturalist, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan. 1878, p. 2.) Describes Colopha nov. gen., giving C. ulmicola Fitch as type spe- cies, and straightens out the generic tangle. A new species of Lachnus. (The Valley Naturalist, Vol. 1, No. 6, June, 1878, p. 21.) Describes Lachnus longistigma, n. sp. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 383 ae, with descriptions of new species. (Bul. d. Surv, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pt. 2, 1879, pp. 18-32.) ing mew species are described (also redescriptions and several other species): Siphonophora achyrantes, S. calen- S. tulipae, S. tiliae, S. liriodendri, S. crataegi, S. sonchella, t te ms, A. calendulicola, A. byperici, A. lonicerae, A. helian- fi salicis, R. rhois, Callipterus ulmifolii, C. walshii, D C. discolor, C. punctata, C. hyalinus, C. betulaecolens, oe, C. doves quercicola, Chaitophorus viminalis, C. smithiae, and n lily Aphis. (Report of the Entomologist in LU. S.) Comm. Agric., f. 1879 (1880), pp. 220- srinted in The Valley Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 4, Dec. P- 49-50.) s Siphonophora lilii, n. sp. es on Aphididae. Can. Ent., Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan., 1882, Notes on several species, together with descriptions of three new pecies, Callipterus trifolii, Tetranewra graminis, and Pemphigus ace ae a synoptic table of the genus Callipterus. i die * Joun J. Davis, Lafayette, Ind. _ Covincton Few Setss died at his residence, 1338 Spring iden Street, Philadelphia, September 5, 1915. He was the — t son of the late Rev. Joseph A. Seiss, D.D., LL.D., LHLD., a prominent Lutheran clergyman, and Elizabeth . Se He was elected a member of the Entomological Sec- on of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, May Dies of the American Entomological Society, December 2, 1893, and of the Feldman Collecting Social, October 8, : +1895 At that time and for some years following, he took tt "an active part in the meetings of these bodies and in collect- & local insects, especially Orthoptera and Hemiptera, as gy y be seen from the minutes published in contemporary vol- ‘e umes of the News. His literary activity was never very z great, but Vol. VII of the News contains a paper by him on “The Breeding Habits of Periplaneta orientalis” (pp. 148- _ 150, May, 1896), while Vol. VIII gives his brief list of Hem- we 384 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 715 iptera on sunflower within the city of Philadelphia (p. 67, March, 1897). Prof. John B. Smith acknowledged the as- sistance which he derived from Seiss in the preparation of his Catalogues of the Insects of New Jersey (1900, p. 729; 1910, p. 846). Of late years, Mr. Seiss had dropped out of entomological activities altogether. His will bequeathed his book-box collection of insects to the Central High School of Philadelphia, and his reptiles, batrachia and fishes to the Academy of Natural Sciences. Many of us recall Mr. Seiss’s generosity in presenting to us desirable specimens of almost all orders of insects, which he obtained in his active collecting days, and we regret that we have seen so little of him in recent years in haunts ento- mological. 5 The death of Juttus Max Haceporn, M.D., at Hamburg, on December 15, 1914, is announced in the Deutsche Ento- mologische Zeitschrift for 1915, heft II, page 213. He was born November 28, 1852, in Ratstal, near Gerdauen, East Prus- sia. He studied in the University of K6nigsberg, and settled in Hamburg, first as a general practitioner, later as a neck, ear and nose specialist. He contributed the sections on the Ipidae for the Coleopterorum Catalogus and the Genera Insectorum. His collection was presented to the Natural History Museum in Hamburg. The daily papers announced the death on August 20, in Ha- vana, Cuba, of Carros JUAN FINLAY, promulgator of the yel- low-fever mosquito fever in 1881. He was born in Puerto Principe, Cuba, December 3, 1833, and received the degree of M.D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1855 and from Havana in 1857. He was the delegate from Cuba to the International Sanitary Conference in Washington in 1881, and during 1902-8 was chief sanitary officer of that country. In 1903 he was Cuban delegate to the Sanitary Con- gress in Washington. Since January, 1909, he was the honor- ary president of the Junta National de Sanidad Beneficencia. ENT. NEws, VoL. XXVI. Plate XV. fr . an at br > } : L ict set dv mssf as Zc ldt : ragt L if = 2 rdt Ill dle ac + f IV llt ) slm olm V dim VI ts VII Mae Vu jar drt, legt x it h regt Imegt i. g rmcgt $a THAUMATONEURA LARVA—CALVERT. % ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ——— a—e«, 4 Nasi — JCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION a ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. NOVEMBER, rors. No. 9. = CONTENTS: on Costa Rican Odo- Watson—Another Migratory Moth {Perr terete eee 3s (Lep.) PTET IT TT itt ttt Aberration of Vanessa anti- Completion of the ‘Biologia Centrali- Bedserccocesocccceccooes wS AMeCTICARE *...cccccccccsecccscccces G23 need: wate Like Birds?....... 995 | Editorial—Jean Henri Fabre.......... 433 ~A new Trichogrammatid from Haskin—Some Rare California Butter- creuheshasdencages we GES CLAD.) ass, conccaccnccecsccesee GM - Thompson—Cicindela unipunctata ‘ ne 1 in the Vicinity of Miami, Pabr. at Seaville, New Jersey (Col.) 425 F wide, in March. 1915—( Part 1) 397 | Entomological Literature.............. 436 lin on Bombidac, with Doings of Societies—Entom. Section, of New Forms (Hym.) 409 Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila. (Lep., Dip.. ‘The Occurrence of Striking Beit GUE: Bee scebdedsebécsocccsce of Pattern in Unrela- Feldman Collecting Social (Coleop., ‘ted Chaicidoid Hymenoptera...... a7 Rien. Matt, \icceckduccaiencecansede 432 Studies on Costa Rican Odonata. VIL The Waterfall-Dwellers: The Internal Organs of Thau- SUNITA Serva and; the Respication and. Rectal Tracheation of _ Zygopterous Larvae in general. ee. Pus P. Carvertr, Pu.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (Plates XV, XVI, XVII, fig. +) - “The caudal tracheal gills of the larva of Thaumatoneura— a to give the three most conspicuous, terminal, abdominal parts the name which they have received in other Zygopterous larvae ____ =have been described and figured in No. VI of these Studies.* ‘They are very clearly two-jointed, a condition which has also ___ been described and figured by Needhamj for the same parts of the larvae of Bayadera indica, of an unknown genus and species from Jamaica, of an unknown genus of the legion Podagrion from India and of a species of Pseudagrion. The resemblance between his figure (. ¢., pl. v, f. 4) of a lateral *Ent. News, xxvi, pp. 295- 305, pl. xi. July, 1915. _ Ent. News, xxii, pp. 145-154, pls. iv, v; pp. 342-347, pl. xi. ror. 385 Se a 386 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 caudal gill of Bayadera indica and ours (Ent. News, xxvi, pl. xi, f. 9) of a median caudal gill of Thaumatoneura is very close. This two-jointed condition is of interest since these gills are homologous to the many-jointed middle tail filament and cerci of Lepisma and of Ephemerid larvae, while the lateral gills are homologous to the several- to many-jointed cerci of Orthoptera and of larval Perlidae (Heymons 1896, 1904). Heymons termed the median unpaired “gill” the ap- pendix dorsalis and the other two the appendices laterales, the three collectively appendices caudales, applying these terms both to Zygopterous and Anisopterous larvae. The three caudal appendages of Thaumatoneura larvae, al- though supplied with tracheae whose derivation is homologous with that of the tracheae of the lamellate caudal gills of most Agrionine larvae, present so little surface for respiration that I expected dissection to reveal some rectal tracheal gills com- parable with those of the larvae of the Anisoptera. This ex- pectation has been partly fulfilled but, as will be seen from the present paper, the rectal folds in Thaumatoneura larva are less numerous and each of the three folds less sub-divided and much less tracheated than is the case in Anisopterous larvae. No observations or experiments bearing directly on the meth- ods of respiration were made on the living larvae of Thaumato- neura. We know that in their native waterfalls they are fre- quently found on rock-faces where they are kept moist, but are not submerged, by the falling water. Their movements, both at large and in our rearing glasses, were never rapid. INTERNAL ORGANS OF THAUMATONEURA LARVA.* Alimentary canal. The pharynx is separated from the oesophagus by a distinct constriction lying a little caudad to the level of the brain, but cephalad to the level of the hind margin of the head; the oesopha- gus is defined posteriorly by a constriction in the prothorax separating it from the crop (larva no. 6). The external dorsal surface of the oe- *Owing to the destruction referred to under the heading “Descrip- tion of the Larvae,” Ent. News, xxvi, p. 300, no larvae specially fixed for histological study have been available, and it has been necessary to rely exclusively on larvae nos. 1-9 (I. c.), which were placed in alcohol as soon as their deaths were discovered. : ‘ne = ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 387 oH marked by two longitudinal streaks of blackish pigment to the areas of contact with the right and left dorsal nks. At mid-length of the oesophagus, at the level of the m of the head, is, on each lateral surface, right and left, a pa lien Has with a delicate duct running cephalad. The gizzard lies in tl f abdominal segment ; its chitinous armature, in larva no. 4, con- , ts of six n longitudinal folds, each of which bears chitinous teeth. tight of these folds the teeth near the posterior end, tend to in- ase fre m one to two rows, while in the other alternating eight folds teetl are arranged in a single row throughout. The teeth of the irious folds are subequal in size, but in each fold tend to become larger caudad. The formula for the gizzard armature may be written 68 (Fy 17 f 11-14)* The hind end of the stomach and the place of Mttachment of the Malpighian tubes lie near the articulation of the d sixth abdominal segments. The ilewm extends to the seventh : \ epithelium presents three longitudinal folds, one which is sal and a little to the left of the median plane, a second is left ~ventra the third is right lateral. Their relative positions may D ‘seen in a cross-section of the rectum (Pl. XVII, fig. 1). The b epithe is interrupted by three, longitudinal, thinner, pigmented areas, one of which is nearly midventral (mvpa) and lies immediately x he ¢ right of the attachment of the left latero-ventral fold, a second tely dorsal to the right lateral fold, the third (llpa) the dorsal fold. These three pigmented areas are the three “non-cellular longitudinal bands” of the 4 larva of Mecistogaster modestust and with similarly aced bands in the recta of larvae of Lestes rectangularis, Argia _ moesta putrida, A. talamance, Ischnura verticalis, etc. Both anterior and posterior to the three longitudinal rectal folds in Thawmatoneura EE gut epithelium is very much thinner for its entire circum- _ ference, equaling, or nearly equaling, in thinness that of the three long pigmented areas, and containing also much pigment. Tracheal System. The arrangement of the larger tracheae of the dorsal side of the body is shown in Plate XV. It corresponds, except : ina few minor details, with our figure** for the tracheae of Mecistogas- P 4 _ ter modestus larva and those of Colett and of Bervoetst for a larva of i —— The chief difference between the present results and those *Cf. Higgins, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1901, pp. 132, 133. _ FEnt. News, xxii, pp. 452, 453, pl. xvii, fig. 10, 1910. The description of them as “non-cellular” may not be justified when material in better condition is examined. ; **Ent. News, xxii, pl. xvii, fig. 8 1011. ttJourn. Appl. Micros. & Laby. Meth. VI, pp. 2224-5, figs. 7, 8. 1903. tAnnales Biol. Lacustre, VI, pp. 16, 17, 20, figs. 1-3. 1913. 388 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 of the Belgian author is that our serial sections through the posterior part of the abdomen do not show a pair of independent “ventral trunks” which he partially figures and describes. The tracheae which supply the rectum have been studied by a series of transverse serial sections through the hind part of the abdomen of larvae nos. 2 and 7. In spite of the unfavorable condition of the ma- terial for a histological investigation, the tracheae were found to be intact even to branches of small diameter (.002 mm.). The rectal epi- thelium being in a much better state of preservation in larva no. 7, the following brief description and the figures on Plates XVI and XVII have been based chiefly upon that larva. The two great dorsal longitudinal tracheae, right and left, rdt, Idt, each give off, in the anterior part of the eighth abdominal segment, a ‘ f . 7 ‘ “~~ es : } aaa \tAK me mrt} ty re vivo l Si I. mt ANNAN |G il TNS “ae A, m? VT ph rad llrt, ‘ 4 } 4 rvs ldt q J rirt, Ne tee rat lt , / . ANY VA rit Vill & ldrt, a rart, P| | Ts Wy | a r IK A\eK / “ BIS EL legt (drt, rdrt,, Imeg t rmegt Text-figure 1. The principal tracheae supplying the alimentary canal in the poste- rior half of the abdomen, 7haumatoneura larva, d', No. 4. Dorsal view. x 13.8 For explanation of the abbreviations, see page 894, MMTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 389 ; ray Pers (rdrti, ldrtt), which runs mesad and ¢ cavity of the dorsal longitudinal rectal fold. Within this is trachea divides and subdivides, but no anastomosis between t smallest subdivisions of the right dorsal rectal trachea with fisions of the left dorsal rectal trachea have been found, in spite speci: I search for them. short distance anterior to the origin of each dorsal rectal trachea _ date il rectal trachea (rirti, lirtt), arises, either indirectly from the al fitudinal trachea (cf. text-figure 1 and right side of Plate or Say the lateral longitudinal trachea (cf. left side of the late), which extends mesad and caudad and enters the lateral oe rectal fold of the same side of the viscus, within which iv ies. A smaller, posterior, tracheal supply (rirtit, lirti1) re I longitudinal trachea or from the median caudal gill trachea, as may + be seen by comparing the right and left sides respectively of if pe | od XVI. No anastomoses of *trachcoles from the anterior supply e lateral rectal folds with those of the posterior supply have been | Breen for the dorsal rectal fold is re- wed from the right and left median caudal gill tracheae (tracheae 1, indent of Plate XVI). Here again no anastomoses, either trans- a3 ior terminations of the right and left lateral longitudinal trach- aa eae which, assuming a ventral position, meet on the mid-ventral line ra “of the alimentary canal; in this anastomosis (anas) take part a branch from the right and a branch from the left lateral caudal gill frm These four anastomosing tracheae, since they lie ventrad _ to the rectum, have been represented by lines of alternating dots and _ dashes in Plate XVI. A similar anastomosis in Mecistogaster modestus _ has been figured* in No. II] of these studies and has been found by the mse in transparent living larvae of Heteerina americana, Argia _ - moesta putrida and Ischnura verticalis; it has not been figured for _ Anisopterous larvae and may prove to be a characteristic of those of & A comparison of the works of authors who have described the trach- : eae of Odonate larvae has yielded the table on page 390. “Phe terminal tracheoles, of the tracheae which run into the longi- 3 - tudinal rectal folds, enter the epithelium, although whether they mere- _ ly pass between the epithelial cells or actually penetrate the latter, the condition of the material does not enable one to decide. The diameter of some of these infra-epithelial tracheoles, near their point of final q *Ent. News, xxii, pl. xvii, fig. 7. 1911. 390 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’15 HOMOLOGIES OF THE PRINCIPAL LONGITUDINAL TRACHEAE OF ODONATE LARVAE AS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED BY DIFFERENT AUTHORS. Author, date, reference and species Names of Tracheae adopted in this paper, DorRSAL VISCERAL LATERAL Carus, 1827, Taf. II, fig. 2and p. 15 [Lestes sponsa] d [on left side of figure only] zwei zu beiden Seiten des Leibes verlaufende Trach- eenstimme......den grossen Tracheen- stammen. Suckow, 1828. 0, o zwei grosse Tra-| g ein geradelaufender | fein diinnerer schlan- Taf. I, figs. 7, 9. cheenstimme genférmiger Trach- Aeshna grandis eenstamm Fig. 28 |, canaux a€riféres | 77 canaux aériféres in-|Canaux aériféres in- Aeshna supérieures termédiaires férieures (pp. 78. 79) grandis Dufour, Fig. 82 | z canal aérifére supér- 1852. (a / Zz 2 2 Pi. Band a op evix ieure pp. 77-79 virgo Fig. 83 |h, canaux aériféres Canaux aériféres in- Agrion supérieures férieures (pp. 78, 79) puella Oustalet, 1869. A, A trones supéri-| BZ, troncs moyens ou | CC, troncs inférieurs Pl. 22, fig. 1. eurs ou dorsaux UVISCEYAUK Ou ventraux Aeschna maculatis- sima Palmén, 1877. trl die beiden dorsal Der dritte Langsstamm trl r secunddren Taf. I, fig 14and p. 87. Liangsstamm, den Agrion. ventralen Roster, 1885. paio esterno* e dor-| paio viscerale; canali| paio ventrale o later- Tav. III and pp. 260-261) sale; canaliccentrali! viscerali; tronchi| ale; tronchi ventrali Aeschna cyanea, superiori viscerali o esterni* Scott, 1905. DORS The dorsals VENT The ventrals | LAT Lateral system Figs. 1,2and pp. 845-349 Plathemis lydia. Calvert, 1911la. Pi. III, fig. 22. Cora. ldt, rdt, dorsal trach- eae Zpgt, (left) posterior gastric trachea lit, rit, lateral tracheae Calvert, 19112. Pl. XVII, fig. 8. Mecistogaster modes- tus. Bervoets, 1913. Figs. 1, 2. Agrion. ldt, rdt, dorsal trach- eae Jit,(left lateral trachea gros troncs lateraux troncs ventraux troncs lateraux vent- raux t * Roster has applied the terms esterno, esterni, to both of these tracheae. + Bervoets adds (p. 18), ‘‘ Cette pair de troncs... pourrait étre appelée viscérale. Chez les Anisoptéres, ces trones se croisent sur le ventricule chylifique. ever, that he is in error in this homologization. I think, how- __ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 391 + in the serial sections, is but .co2 mm.* The manner of ieairase Geen-ieertained, : Ti asklosty of Win teachone ia ie abdomen, of all sizes from t longitudinal trunks to the infra-epithelial tracheoles, possess t of blackish pigment in their own epithelial layers. This it is evident both in entire preparations and dissections mounted sam and also in the sections from blocks of material embedded raffin, and greatly increases the ease with which these vessels may be tracec It presents the same appearance as that of the pigment in the “three, , longitudinal, thinner pigmented areas” of the rectum, de- _ scribed above, and in other parts of the body, such as the epithelial layer of the pharynx, the connective tissue envelopes of the frontal the brain and of at least some of the ganglia of the vent- ¢ cord. plement 3 is perhaps the same as that for which Purser (1915, ) has proposed the name “spadicin” and which he suggests may an respiratory function. His statements that spadicin “only ap- $ in the respiratory organs of true aquatic insects” (p. 68) and ot situated in the tracheal epithelium but in the hypodermis” [of i larval tracheal gills and in those of Aeschna?] (p. 69) are i cnieey in accord with conditions here described for Thaumato- ‘ i ‘Transverse sections of the hind end of the abdomen and of median ; lateral caudal gills show that the tracheae, supplying the latter ries -do not enter them_as single, relatively large trunks, but that = 4, to each trachea divides and redivides into a number (four or more) of _. tracheae which collectively pass into the base of the gill. Ne r the sections of the gills nor entire mounts of these organs in- ‘ deate any rich development of tracheae within them. The thickness Eee of the chitinous cuticle of the proximal joint, as measured in cross- __ sections of the median caudal gill and of one lateral caudal gill of no. 2, varies from .o12 to .016 mm., and .0a4 to .016 mm. respec- -. tively. There is much less blackish pigment in the epithelial layer of the tracheae of these gills than in that of the tracheae of the abdomen. _ Pigment is present in the epithelium of the gills themselves, but is caging distributed therein. + The same sections of the median caudal gill show the presence of two median blood spaces, one dorso-central, the other ventro-central, ‘situated respectively ventrad and dorsad to other blood spaces which ____ fargely occupy the mid-dorsal and mid-ventral longitudinal carinae of the proximal joint. These two central blood spaces have thin but dis- tinct walls, contain plasma and corpuscles in their lumens and lie in the midst of a reticulated or spongy tissue; their transverse diameter, near * *E.g., in the dorsal fold, slide 5, row 3, section 20, of our series of larva no. 7. = 4 302 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS [Nov., 715 the base of the gill, is about one-fifth of that of the gill itself. More posteriorly they are smaller, both relatively and absolutely, and they are not shut off from communication with other spaces. In the caudal end of the proximal joint, the two central blood spaces become con- fluent as one central space, whose vertical diameter is almost as great as that of the gill itself exclusive of the mid-dorsal and mid-ventral carinae. This central blood-space is continued caudad into the distal joint, occupying most of the interior thereof. The chitinous cuticle of this joint is, in these sections, .o12 mm. thick. The lateral caudal gill has a dorsal and a ventral longitudinal blood- space near the two longitudinal carinae of the mesal surface, respec- tively. A third appears to run along its lateral or external face. A number of resemblances between the internal structure of the caudal gills of Thaumatoneura and those of Euphaea variegata de- scribed by Ris (1912, pp. 171-3) are evident. Nerve ganglia. The positions of the ganglia other than the brain are as follows. The frontal ganglion, triangular in shape, with its apex directed caudad (Pl. XV, fr), lies on the dorsal surface of the pharynx a short distance (about .15 mm. in larva no. 2) anterior to the brain; it is connected on each side, right and left, with the cerebro-suboesoph- ageal connective. Suboesophageal ventral to the pharynx, at the level of mid-length of the eyes. Prothoracic in the hind end of the pro- thorax, mesothoracic in the front part of the mesothorax, metathor- acic in the hind part of the mesothorax; the thoracic ganglia are sepa- rated from each other by intervals shorter than the length of each. First abdominal in the hind part of the metathorax, second in the middle of abdominal segment 2, third to seventh in the front ends of segments 4 to 8 respectively. These positions of the thoracic ganglia are obtained from larvae nos. 2, 4, and 6, of the abdominal from larvae nos. 4 and 6. (To be continued ) ExpLANATION OF Pirates XV, XVI, XVII. Pirate XV. Dorsal tracheae and some other organs of Thaumato- neura larva 6, no. 4. The dorsal wall of the head has been removed except over the eyes, that of the thorax and of the abdomen has been opened longitudinally to the left of the mid-dorsal line and turned to the right. x 6.1. Pirate XVI. Diagram of the tracheal supply of the alimentary canal in the hind part of the abdomen of Thaumatoneura larva, dorsal view. xX 37.6. This diagram has been reconstructed on a horizontal plane from about 850 serial transverse sections from larva no. 7, mounted on 9 slides now in the writer’s collection at the University of Pennsylvania. To avoid confusing tracheae which lie approximately in the same verti- cal planes, the tracheae are represented farther to right and to left 3492 a anas . THAUMATONEURA LARVA—cALveRT. EntT. News, Vor. XXVI. : Plate XVII. rirt, rirf adv dlm dim llpa f of ldrt 1 arf rlpa ldt rat mt of of vim vim 5 es Lg! 5 n Ilrt, mupa n lit 1. THAUMATONEURA LARVA—cALVERT. 2. VANESSA ANTIOPA ABERRATION—KEIL. ___ ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS 393 > = t and from each other than is actually the case. The true may be learned by comparing this figure with figure The origins of the various branch-tracheae and divisions to the most minute branches have been indicated as possible from the sections. The tracheae which do not lie et wall or do not enter the rectal folds have not been shown n short distances from their origins, even though they may dorsad or ventrad to the gut; this for the sake of avoiding con- m. The only exceptions to this statement are in the cases of the a eos take part in the anastomosis (anas) mid-ventral to the bdominal segment X; these tracheae are indicated by lines she Seeataatiog with dots, thus —.—.—.—. Of the tracheac pu py the rectal walls, those which run onthe dorsal surface or 3 ¢ dorsal longitudinal fold are shown in solid lines; those which ventral surface or enter the lateral rectal folds are shown in ers =, as soon as they cross the outlines of the gut. he respect this diagram departs from the conditions shown in ete 8 2: In those sections the right lateral trachea —— smaller in abdominal segment VII than its fellow and disappears as several minute tracheae before con- r with the dorsal trachea. This, after comparison with : oe. oe so that the right lateral trachea ere represented as being similar to, but not identical with, the left The branch tracheae rvs, rirtt, which on the right side of the come from the dorsal longitudinal trachea, are exactly as in ‘sections, although the corresponding tracheae /vs, lirt1, on the left ae come from the lateral longitudinal trachea. This difference in the two sides of larva no. 7 may be due to the atrophy of the right lateral trachea just mentioned. Compare, however, the same - tracheae i im text-figure 1, page 388. The right lateral trachea is pres- __ ent in the sections from its point of separation from the right dorsal ___ im the anterior part of segment VIII as represented in the diagram. The figures pe on the left side of this plate indicate the levels of the ; first section of each slide, 1-9 respectively. _-* Puate XVII, fig. 1. Part of photograph of section 18, row 1, slide 6 of the author's sre of sections of Thawmatoneura larva no. 7 @, made with Leitz oc. 4, obj. 3, by Mr. H. A. Walters. The section is ‘viewed from its anterior surface. x 72.5. Abbreviations Used in Plates XV-XVII. ae + f, outline of alimentary canal and superimposed fat masses; in Plate XV it corresponds also very nearly to the lateral edges of the - q@mas, anastomosis of tracheae in abdominal segment X. ie an, antennal nerve. at, antennal trachea. 394 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Nov., 715 br, brain. cf, connective tissue and fat. dic, transverse tracheae connecting the dorsal and lateral longitudi- nal tracheae. dim, dorsal longitudinal muscles. drf, dorsal rectal fold. dv, dorsal vessel. é, eye, mesal outline. fr, frontal ganglion. h, heart. ict, inferior veptinlic trachea (to ventral muscles of head). al, ileum. leg, left caudal gill. Icgt, left caudal gill trachea. ldrtt, anterior or chief left dorsal rectal trachea. ldrttt, posterior or secondary left dorsal rectal trachea. Idt, left dorsal trachea. llpa, left lateral pigmented area of rectum. llrf, left lateral rectal fold. lirtt, anterior or chief left lateral rectal trachea. lirtt1, posterior or secondary left lateral rectal tracheae. llt, left lateral trachea. Imcgt, left median caudal gill trachea. luvs, left visceral trachea. m, muscle. mg, midgut (stomach). mssp, mesostigma (mesothoracic spiracle). mt, Malpighian tubes. mvpa, midventral pigmented area of rectum, n, nerves (in Pl. XVII, fig. 1, running caudad from last ganglion) olm, oblique lateral muscle. r, rectum. ragt, right anterior gastric trachea. regt, right caudal gill trachea. rdrti, anterior or chief right dorsal rectal trachea. rdrtt1, posterior or secondary right dorsal rectal trachea. rdt, right dorsal trachea. rlpa, right lateral pigmented area of rectum. rirf, right lateral rectal fold. rlrti, anterior or chief right lateral rectal trachea. rlrtt1, posterior or secondary right lateral rectal tracheae. rit, right lateral trachea. rmcgt, right median caudal gill trachea. rvs, right visceral trachea. sa, superior appendages of imago (“cercoids’”). sct, superior cephalic trachea (to antenna, brain, optic lobe and eye). Vol. xsvi] _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 395 knee ae ss site of future spiracle of 8th abdominal segment. ° vin ventral longitudinal muscles. 1¢ Roman numerals I-XI indicate abdominal segments 1-11 re- aa by Matsula in Pfliiger’s Archiv f. Physiologie, cxxxviii, p2, text fig. 1, 2. 1911. = .2 4 An Aberration of Vanessa antiopa (Lep.). ) By Ernst Kem, Pasadena, California. (Plate XVII, fig. 2) a iiiies figured on the accompanying plate was taken 7th, 1914, at Granville, Ohio, on the Denison Univer- campus by the writer. It was captured in the morning ‘itt on the trunk of a walnut tree which was one of a large __mumber of trees that had been sugared the night before. The specimen had been enjoying the remains of the night’s ban- oR — que There were other specimens of Vanessa antiopa cap- ie “tured at the same place and time which were all normal. The _ Specimen in question expands 70 mm., three wings are normal “on * and have the ornamentation of a male specimen. The left hind bs jj however, has the blue dots missing altogether, the yel- _fow edge is about 2 mm. broader than the edges of the other wings and is of a whitish yellow. The rest of the wing is dull black instead of reddish brown, and the vein structure is ex- actly the same as that of the other wings. 4 Dee a ° Do Insects Migrate Like Birds? ss Winder this title, Howard J. Shannon discusses in Harper's Monthly _ Magazine for September, 1915, the observed migrations, both northward and southward, in the United States, of the monarch butterfly and of dragonflies like Anax junius. He briefly sums up the European data also, on swarms of Odonata. He considers that insects in migration follow much the same routes as do the birds, and concludes that “ac- _ cumulating evidences show that the principles and laws governing the better-known bird migrations have a remarkable parallel in the annual movements of certain members of the insect world.” 396 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [Nov., 715 A New Trichogrammatid from Trinidad (Hym.). By A. A. Grrautt, Washington, D. C. Uscana pallidipes new species. Female—Length, 0.55 mm. Black, the legs, head and thorax pale golden yellow, except for a large, triangular black area from cephalic margin of scutum to about middle, divided along the meson by yellow and not extending to lateral margins. Fore wings distinctly infuscated out to the end of the stigmal vein. Marginal fringes of caudal wing distinctly longer than the greatest width of the blade, the latter bearing a single, complete line of discal ciliation a little cephalad of the middle. Fore wings with about 4-7 setae in the oblique line of discal cilia from the stigmal vein, with about seven complete, regular lines of discal cilia from apex to a line drawn across apex of the venation (a few short lines between the others distad), the marginal cilia longer than usual (about a little over one-fourth the greatest wing-width, uniform and longest around the rather broadly flattened apex, the blade widest just proximad of apex), the marginal ciliation somewhat shorter than that of the hind wings. Stigmal vein not quite half the length of the marginal, the latter distinctly over half the length of the submarginal and with a number of short setae from its surface. A patch of 6-12 minute setae (the cephalic 2-3 larger) near caudal margin about opposite middle of the marginal vein. Pedicel stout, somewhat longer than wide, not half the length of the club. Club with rather long, scattered setae, acuminate, without a terminal spine. Scape slender, not long. Tarsal joints not long. Abdomen short, conic-ovate, the ovipositor inserted at about the middle. Male.—The same, except for the different shape of the abdomen. Described from five males, one female marked “Horiola sp. Pt. Spain. P. Lachmere-Guppy. Letter November 27, 1911.” The fourth trichogrammatid from Horiola eggs. Habitat: Port of Spain, Trinidad, West Indies. Type: Cat. No. 19,131, U. S. National Museum, Washing- ton, one female on a slide with a male allotype and paratype. A second slide with three males in same collection. _ Differs markedly from semi-fumipennis (types compared) in having the legs all pale, the wings distinctly narrower and much less ciliated discally, the marginal cilia distinctly much longer, also the marginal vein, the caudal wings. bear only one line of discal cilia (three in the genotype), the stigmal vein is not half the length of the marginal (more than half in the genotype), the stigmal vein is not darkened as in the other and the general coloration is somewhat different (the yellow coloring of the thorax duller in the genotype). This species has the general appearance of Twmidiclava pul- chrinotum Girault when viewed with a hand lens, but the club is not swollen and the stigma vein is normal. L ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 307 rmaptera and Orthoptera Found in the Vicinity of Miami, Florida, in March, 1915—(Part 1). By Morcan Heparp, Philadelphia, Pa. a“ (Plate XVIIL) From the 3d to the 16th of March, 1915, the author was in liami | Florida, during which time collecting was only under- ken part of each day, but special efforts were made to secure il of the least known forms. In this way, while a mere ation of the well known species was taken, certain ular areas were very thoroughly and repeatedly investi- and several most interesting facts were thereby ascer- A series of 654 specimens was taken, which material in the Hebard Collection." This series represents 72 which 2 are new and 5 previously not known from Florida, 2 of these latter constituting first records for ne region under consideration is divided into a number of ttive areas, of which the “hammock” and the red man- ae received the most thorough investigation. The s concerning the various areas may be set forth as follows: dle “Hammock.” % “mocks, ‘and small areas of which, scattered through the pine Deon of this region, are generally known as “banana-holes,”” contain a number of most interesting species of Orthoptera, particularly of the tropical forms. Individuals of these are, _ however, almost without exception very scarce and certain spe- a ~—— }*. oe a addition, 22 other specimens from this region are here record- Oe age Rehn and the present author have already recorded 4481 cima Orthoptera from central and southern Florida. (1905. Nat. Sci., Phila. 100s, pp. 20-55; ror2. Ibid. ror2, 4 ES 14. Ibid, 1914. pp. 373-412, and 1orq. Jour, N. Y + PP. 6-117. The great majority of this material is in the Collection and that of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 2One of the most extensive “hammocks” in southern Florida was investiga - ted: this is Brickell's Hammock, which occupies : several — miles of territory between Miami and Cocoanut Grove . and is readily accessible from the former place. *See J. Harshberger. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Phila, VII, p. 101. (94) 308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 cies can only be secured after repeated and long-continued in- vestigations with trowel and beating net. The interesting spe- cies of the Tettigoniidae found here were, at this time of year, without exception in the earlier stages of immaturity. Under the bark of certain lofty trees growing in this hammock, par- ticularly Exothea paniculata and Coccolobis laurifoha,4 a num- ber of very interesting forms were found hidden during the day. These could best be collected by tearing loose patches of bark off with a trowel and holding a beating net beneath at the same time. Six molasses jars were placed in this hammock, but little material was secured in this manner. During this visit unprecedentedly cold weather was encountered which made night work either unsatisfactory or wholly out of the question. In warm weather this method would certainly prove one of the readiest means to secure a number of the de- sirable species. : ; MANGROVE SWAMPS.° These areas were found to be by no means as barren of Or- thoptera as we had supposed. Two peculiarly Antillean spe- cies of Gryllidae were found in and along their borders and, in addition, an undescribed species of this family was found in the deep shade among the mangrove roots. A very few specimens of other species of Orthoptera were encountered in this environment, while everywhere above in the foliage of the mangroves a Gryllid, ubiquitous in green foliage wherever found in southern Florida, was heard. In summarizing we would state that Orthoptera are generally very scarce in these swamps, but certain of the species are not found elsewhere and occasionally a species is found there locally abundant. The deep shade, labyrinth of roots and presence in unpleasant numbers of mosquitoes, even as early as March, make work in these areas unusually difficult. 4For the botanical determinations in the present paper we wish to express our hearty thanks to Mr. Stewardson Brown of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 5 We here refer only to the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle. In areas of black mangrove, Avicennia nitida, or open marshy flats, covered with the shoots of this tree, none of the species of Orthoptera here recorded have been encountered. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 399 _ ———— bpenaers- Prine Woops. at portion of the region is covered by pine woods, ae This area is very open, the ground is ex- being composed in most places of odlitic lime- and is carpeted with a large variety of low vegetation ch the wire grass and saw palmetto are everywhere Considerably larger series of Orthoptera could be these woods during March than elsewhere, but as the y of the species were already well known to us, but toe was given on this trip to this area. A number of esting captures were, however, made. Sat MARSHES AND EVERGLADES. se two areas were most unproductive, almost all of the Tettigoniidae found in the Fall not being yet ap- ty even as tiny immature individuals, Sea Beacues. ut ¢ especies of Acridid is found on the sand beaches, : t bach ‘of these in the halophytic vegetation, /pomaea pes- t, Canavalia lineata and other plants, a number of spe- ¢ encountered. Individuals of several of these were ‘interest in being of decidedly larger average size than ma- hfrom inland situations. . DERMAPTERA. 4 annulipes (Lucas). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, a 1915, (H.), 1 9. bidens (Olivier). A crushed individual of this species was seen on the sidewalk at Miami. ja unidentata (Beauvois). Southside, Miami, III, 6, 1915, kee), 4 9. This species was found abundant under the dried bark of el the logs of Pinus caribaea examined. ORTHOPTERA. BLATTIDAE. Pa ietptere deropeltiformis (Brunner). Brickell’s Hammock, Asie py Ill, 4 to 15, 1915, (H.; trapped in molasses jar), 2 Bin a (Linnaeus). Common in habitations at Miami. 400 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS [Nov., 715 Ceratinoptera diaphana (Fabricius). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; under loose bark on trunk of tree, Exothea paniculata, in dense jungle), 1 juv. 9. Ceratinoptera lutea Saussure and Zehntner. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, ITI, 3, 1915, (H.; on ground under luxuriant under- growth in opening in forest), 1 ¢. Virginia Key, III, 11, 1915, (H.; in dark water-soaked leaves in heavy red man- grove swamp), 1 juv. ¢. Eurycotis floridana (Walker). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4 to 15, 1915, (H.; trapped in molasses jars), 1 ¢, 2 9, 3 juv. ¢. This unpleasant roach was found particularly numerous in tree cavities and under bark along the edge of the hammock. It was the only species found attracted to the molasses jars in numbers.® Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius). Southside, Miami, III, 16, 1915, (H.; a few juv. under bark of dead logs of Pinus cari- baea in company with numbers of Prolabia wunidentata), juv. @. This is the only household pest which, in this region, appears frequently numerous outside of dwellings as well. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.), 1 juv. @. In this region, the present species is ubiquitous on the ground under litter of any sort. At Musa Isle, it was found burrow- ing in the sand when search was being made for Scapteriscus abbreviatus. Plectoptera poeyi Saussure. We have a male before us in the Hebard Collection from Cocoanut Grove, Florida, taken in 1887 by E. A. Schwarz. The species has not been previously recorded from the United States except from Key West, Florida. MANTIDAE. Stagmomantis carolina (Johannson). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (H.; juv. occasional in heavy vegetation along edges of openings in hammock), 2 juv. Gonatista grisea (Fabricius). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; juv. rare on trunks of trees), 1 juv. Virginia Key, III, 11, 1915, (H.; on roots of mangrove in dense mangrove swamp), 1 juv. ; ° A number of specimens secured were not retained. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 401 he later specimen here recorded was much darker in gen n than is normal for the young of this species. gony: Seibert Saussure. Southside, Miami, III, 16, 1915, (HL; undergrowth in pine woods), 1 juv. @. ns peore Seen seenceed from a definite y in this state. tia graminis (Scudder). South of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, ITT, 3, 1915, (H.; undergrowth of pine woods), 1 juv. _ &. Southside, Miami, ITT, 6, 1915, (H.; in gallberry bushes in pine woods), 3 °. aod PHASMIDAE. Manomera tenuescens (Scudder). Southside, Miami, ITI, 6, 1915, - (H.; in low bushes in undergrowth of pine woods), 1 juv. 4, ». «tam g. Anis buprestoides (Stoll). Southside, Miami, ITI, 6, 1915, ne. young in ny stages occasional in undergrowth of pine woods), 1 juv. 2 ; AcRIDIDAE. _— Meotettt: femoratus (Scudder). Southside, Miami, III, 6, 1915, cs (#1; occasional in spots of scant vegetation in pine woods), _ +«4 8;~,4 2, 1 juv. 2. South of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, ST le 11, 3, 1915, (H.; occasional on edge of salt marsh), 4 2, 2 a 2. Of this series, three males alone are typical of femoratus; others show to varying degrees the condition found in Neo- - tetti bolteri which is most strongly marked in one female. One male and four females have the pronotum caudate. are spicata Morse. Miami, III, 3 and 10, 1915, (H.; in short grass), 1 4, 2 2. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, Bird 4, 15 and 16, 1915, (H.; in openings in hammock, in and on ri 4 edge of red mangrove swamp), 4 ¢, 5 2. Cape Florida, _ Key Biscayne, III, 12, 1915, (H.; in red mangrove swamp), 1,9. | ‘The dark bare soil along the edges of the red mangrove tne was the situation in which the greatest number of _ specimens of this rather scarce species were found. : : lateralis lateralis (Say). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, | * JE, 25, 1915, (H.; dark soil on edge of red mangrove 4 swamp), 1 é. 40 402 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., 715 Radinotatum brevipenne peninsulare Rehn and Hebard. South- side, Miami, III, 6 and 16, 1915, (H.; undergrowth of pine woods), 7 6, 8 9,1 juv. 2. South of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (H.; undergrowth of pine woods), 2 4, 1 juv. ¢, 1 juv. 9. This species was everywhere found in the undergrowth of the pine woods, the majority of specimens being adult. Macneillia obscura Scudder. Southside, Miami, III, 6 and 16, 1915, (H.; undergrowth of pine woods), 5 @, 7 9, 2 juv. é, 8 juv. Q. This series exhibits a wonderful divesting of the striking and beautiful color pattern and colorations found in the spe- cies, no two specimens being exactly alike but the females showing the greatest differences. Those with the very pale medio-dorsal stripe and those with green lateral markings are the most striking of these. The insect was found widely dis- tributed through the undergrowth of the pine woods but al- ways in few numbers. Amblytropidia occidentalis (Saussure). Southside, Miami, III, 6, 1915, (H.), 3 @. South of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (H.), 24,1 juv. a. The species was not abundant in the undergrowth of the pine woods. Orphulella pelinda Burmeister. North border of Brickell’s Ham- mock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; undergrowth in live oak groves), 1 juv. 2. Southside, Miami, III, 16, 1915, (H.; undergrowth of pine woods), 1 ¢. But one adult of this species, which. later appears in large numbers, was found. Arphia granulata Saussure. Southside, Miami, III, 6 and 16, 1915, (H.), 7 2,5 2. South of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, ITI, 8, 1916, CH.),.2. 4.32 sav. - 8. : This species was widely distributed through the under- growth of the pine woods but always few in numbers. The males show some diversity in coloration, the females consid- erably more. Chortophaga australior Rehn and Hebard. Miami Beach, III, 7 and 12, 1915, (H.; moderately numerous locally in halo- phytic vegetation along beach), 5 $,6 9, 1 juv. ¢@. North Vol. xxvi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 403 border of “Brickelt’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; adults occasional, young abundant in undergrowth of live oak groves), 1 8. Cape Florida, Key Biscayne, III, 12, +1915, (H.), 1 very small juv. 9. ‘Th specimens from Miami Beach are very large for this cies, a condition even more pronounced in Aptenopedes * ” clara. phoenicoptera (Burmeister). Southside, Miami, ITI, - 1915. (H.; undergrowth of pine woods), 1 juv. 2. 1 lamellation of the dorsal and ventral margins of e« Iain ls siathcentite tn. this specimen. The colora- woh the caudal limbs is very brilliant. The species was known from peninsular Florida only from Lake- on ? marmorata picta (Scudder). Miami Beach, III, 7 and 1915, (H.; very scarce and local in sand areas back of _ beach proper), 3 4, 1 9, 2 juv. 2. Southside, Miami, ITI, 6, 1915, (H.; one colony found in sandy area in pine woods), +8 4,19. Musa Isle, ITI, 10, 1915, (H.; sandy soil in grape- fruit grove), 1 juv. 2. MEUM feasics from Missi Beach are unumally pinkish i r coloration with darker markings greatly reduced. *P si (Serville). Miami Beach, III, 7 and 12, 1915, _ (HL; scarce and local in sandy areas back of beach proper), _ #€£ 8 3 2, 1 juv. 2. Southside, Miami, ITI, 6, 1915, (H.; adults and young scarce in sandy spot in pine woods), 1 9. acta’ new species. (PI XVIII, figs. 1A-1E). 1905. Trimerotropis maritima Caudell (not Locusta maritima Har- ris, 1841), Ent. News, XVI, p. 218 [Palm Beach, Florida.] __‘39t4. Trimerotropis citrina Davis (in part not of Scudder, 1876), 4 Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXII, p. 195. [Ocean Beach (Miami Beach), — —=- The present species is closely related to T. maritima and T. citrina. _ When compared with the former it is found to average smaller. The lateral carinae of the frontal costa are normally not as distinct below the median ocellus. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are more com- pressed cephalad of the principal sulcus, with the disk at this point more distinctly narrowed as a result, and with caudal margin of disk Jess produced, the angle being normally rectangulate. The tegmina af proportionately similar but not as long relatively when compared “'TFrom dxr) = the strand. 404 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS [ Nov., ’15 with the body length; when in repose the anal fields of the tegmina are similarly deplanate with coloration normally paler and less macu- late than the discoidal and marginal fields. When compared with citrina the present insect is found to be more robust. The frontal costa is slightly wider and also shows the same feature of the lateral carinae as given above. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are much more compressed cephalad of the principal sulcus, with disk at this point much more distinctly narrowed as a result, but with caudal mar- gin of disk similar (in citrina the caudal angle of the disk is, how- ever, more frequently slightly less than rectangulate). The tegmina in citrina differ in being proportionately wider and also relatively more elongate when compared with the body length, and in having the anal fields when in repose not as strikingly deplanate with coloration the same as the remaining portions. The caudal femora are similar in the two species. The coloration and markings of this species are normally distinctive. The caudal tibiae in all of the material before us are scarlet (60% red, 40% orange), in citrina these portions are grenadine red (40% red, 60% orange). As in maritima, this species has the internal faces of the caudal femora pale yellowish with two dark bands, with genicu- lar areas not at all or but little suffused; in citrina the coloration of these portions is similar but with the genicular areas normally black. Type: @,; Miami Beach, Florida. March 7, 1915. (He- bard). [Hebard Collection Type No. 405.] Description of Type. Size medium, form moderately robust for the genus. Head similar to that of maritima, with face even smoother and less pitted than in that species. Pronotum rather short, prozona distinctly compressed this greatest at the cephalic dorsal suture, metazona deplanate. Median carina not strongly but distinctly bicristate on the prozona, the cephalic slightly longer than the caudal crest but of equal height; of almost equal height cephalad but very gradually less promi- nent caudad on the metazona. Lateral carinae well developed on metazona but continued well defined by the color pattern only on meta- zona. Tegmina moderately elongate, proportionately narrow. Wings of much the same proportions as in maritima; wing band narrow but solid, with greatest width in the radiate field, 4. mm. Caudal femora as in citrina. Coloration distinctive. Allotype: 8 ; same data as type but taken March 12, 1915. Description of Allotype. Very similar to type but smaller, agreeing in all other characters given except width of wing band which is in greatest width in the radiate field, 4.7 mm. In addition to the type and allotype, the series of 34 males 8A difference in the frontal costa, discussed above, is well indicated in this specimen; this difference, though slight, is indicated in the majority of specimens of the present species before us. ol. xxvi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 405 ‘a = was —_ 19 females from the same locality may be considered para- Measurements (in millimeters) ri ? | ae ee Capron, Fla. re ALLOTYPR PARATYPES’ TYPE PARATYPES J DP utessescescoss §691.8 21.7-4 7A 27.3-31.2 208 29 tof pronotum ......... 44 445 545 5.26 89 564 ! eee 3.7 364 48 445.1 83 46 Oltegmen............ 228 RVLswuUsA BW. 27.-30.9 2s 20.6 * cece a4 31643 47 4.65.2 35 «56. SPT eR eee ee 215 20.7-25 1s M8289 = —- ent width of wing ...... 148 UNsu9 24 13.415 _- = mgth of caudal femur...... 12.6 W617 MS 1-164 12. 15.2 Ochraceous buff to apricot buff in general coloration. fields of the tegmina are usually immaculate, occasionally y washed with white, rarely weakly speckled with darker buf ms of darkest coloration. The discoidal and marginal fields | tegmina are of the general coloration, usually much suffused speckling of darker buff, these markings concentrating to form defined darker bands. The pronotum is normally greatly oe except along the lateral borders of the dorsum and on the dorso-caudal portions of the lateral lobes with the char- ac median depression very dark. The head is heavily uff white except for two narrow post-ocular bands. An- tenna ‘ad limbs suffused with white, with two conspicuous dark bands on the caudal femora and the genicular areas of the same dark “ BE Panes faces of caudal femora yellowish, heavily twice banded ae rith black but with genicular areas not at all or but little darkened. F scarlet, this color fading to white near the proximal . Wings with proximal portion marguerite yellow individual- reed yellow, margined distad with a broad continuous this not interrupted normally except very briefly before Be: . spur. Remaining distal portion of wings hyaline with tip : often weakly suffused with black. Immature individuals ate even suffused with white but with color pattern (darker nar- row bars, margining of disk of pronotum and bands of caudal femora) strongly defined. ” The species was found widely distributed but few in num- bers everywhere along the middle and upper ocean beaches at Miami Beach. Individuals were encountered without excep- tion on loose sand either along the landward border of the middle beach or less often immediately back of this in areas 9 OF this series the two largest specimens were taken in September. 406 ' ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [Nov., 715 of high seaside oats, Uniola paniculata. At Palm Beach a few individuals were observed under similar conditions. The flight of this insect much resembles that of maritima and is more direct than that of citrina. Specimens examined: 79; 38 males, 23 females, 7 immature males and 11 immature females. Capron, IV, 10 and 19, 24,1 9, [U. S. N:'\M,] Palm Beach, III, (A. N. Caudell), 13, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.]; III, 8, 1915, (H.), 1 9, 1 juv. @. Miami Beach, III, 7 and 12, 1915, (H.), 30 2,17 9, TPE, allotype and paratypes, 6 juv. @, 11 juv. 9; IX, 23, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 5 $, 3 2, paratypes, [Davis Cln.]. Stenacris vitreipennis (Marschall). Southside, Miami, III, 6, 1915, (H.; dry undergrowth of pine woods), 2 g,1 Q. It was surprising to find these specimens in the above situa- tion as we had hitherto always found the insect only in reeds growing out of water in swamps, marshes and sink-holes. Leptysma marginicollis (Serville). Miami Beach, III, 12, 1915, (H.; boggy depression on palmetto flats), 1 @. Southside, Miami, III, 16, 1915, (H.; dry undergrowth of pine woods), Bd) 4 Rs The comment made upon the last species, applies to some of these specimens as well. This species, however, usually prefers reeds on boggy ground rather than those growing out of water. Schistocerca serialis (Thunberg). Schistocerca americana of authors. Drury in 1775 described and figured this species as L[tbellula] ameri- cana, Ill. Nat. Hist., I, p. 128, pl. xlix, fig. 2, name in index. This is preoccupied by Libellula americana of Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 545, 1758. The next name to apply to Drury’s L. americana is Gryllus serialis of Thunberg, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersbourg, V, p. 241, 1815, described from St. Bartholomew, British West Indies, which name consequently must be used for this species. Miami Beach, III, 7, 1915, (H.), 1 ¢. South of Brickell’s Ham- mock, Miami, II, 3, 1915, GS ee Be This species was found occasional through the pine woods, in the hammock and frequently in considerable numbers in the vegetation back of the sea beaches. 10This refers to the abandoned Fort Capron, which was located near the present town of Viking. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 407 am » damnifica calidior Rehn and Hebard. Southside fiami, III, 6, 1915, (H.; occasional through undergrowth of by ine woods), 8 ,1 @. ; signatus Scudder. South of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, 1 4 “I, B, 1915, (H.; edge of salt marsh), 1 very small juv. 3, _ 1 very small juv. 2. Homestead, III, 17 to 19, 1910, (H.; ang of everglades), 3 very small juv. ¢. \es ged specimens in no way resemble the adult insect, 1 rather suggest the immature condition of some re- le tropical form. The generic status is, however, cer- specimens before us showing other immature in- 's sand as signatus is very abundant in this region and » later in the season and the only species of the genus . ow i from southern Florida, there seems little doubt of the prop f specific identity. z 2 oplus puer Scudder. Miami Beach, III, 7 and 12, 1915, iv — (scarce and local in beach vegetation back of strand), 4 3, ain 2 2. Southside, Miami, III, 6 and 16, 1915, (H.; widely i distributed and locally common in undergrowth of pine | ey ee: woods), 14 4,8 9%. Virginia Key, III, 11, 1915, (H.; in ; ‘beach vegetation back of strand), 1 2. Cape Florida, Key _ Biscayne, III, 12, 1915, (H.; back of beach in low strand ' “i ‘yvegetation), 1 very small juv. ¢. ah: ‘The specimens from Miami Beach average slightly larger _ than those from the mainland. ya atlantica atlantica Scudder. Southside, Miami, III, 16, 1915, (H.; adults occasional, young abundant in under- i growth of pine woods near hammock), 1 ¢, 1 2. South ~ of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (H.), 2 $,1 @. “ sphenarioides clara Rehn."! Miami Beach, III, 7 and : A 42, 1915, (H.; adults locally common, young in early stages | hs generally more numerous, back of beach in low strand vege- tation), 16 %, 12 @, 1 juv. $1 juv. 2. Southside, Miami, _ TH, 6, 1915, (H.; occasional in undergrowth of pine woods), 2 4,3 9, 2 juv. g,1 juv. @. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (H.; luxuriant undergrowth in in opening of ham- . ae _ & . sn ogg died of other Floridian geographic races and the large series in the collections before us offers convincing evidence of <9 coatel” status of clara. It is our opinion that absolutely inter- mediate material, proving this relationship, will be found. in north central Florida when that region is investigated. 408 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS | Nov., 715 mock), 1 very small juv. ¢. Virginia Key, III, 11, 1915, (H.; back of strand in low beach vegetation), 1 juv. $. Cape Florida, Key Biscayne, III, 12, 1915, (H.; luxuriant vege- tation in clearing), 1 ¢. This series is of particular interest, owing to the added evi- dence which we have from it on the decided size variation in this race, due wholly to local environmental conditions. Males previously taken on Key Biscayne and the present specimen from that locality average decidedly larger than any other series we have seen, while the material from Miami Beach also averages distinctly larger than that from the pine woods near Miami. Measurements (in millimeters) J Length of Length of Length of Length of body pronotum ~— tegmen caudal femur Miami Beach (16).........es00: 22. -24 4.2-4.8 8.7-4.7 11.8-13 Southside, Miami (2).......... 20.8-21.7 8.9-4,1 4.1-4.4 11.8-11.7 Key Biscayne (3)...ecc-eeeseee 25.3-27.4 5.2-5.8 5.6-5.9 14.3-16 9 Miami Beach (12).......essee08 30. -34.9 5.7-6.7 5.2-5.6 14 -17.3 Southside, Miami (3) .........- 26. -26.7 5.1-5.2 4.7-5 12.9-13.7 Key Biscayne (3).....-.e.sseee 81.7-34.3 6.1-6.8 5.8-6.8 14.6-16.9 The males before us are all green, or green suffused with reddish. The females exhibit wood brown, ferruginous brown and green color phases. Aptenopedes aptera Scudder. Southside, Miami, III, 6 and 16, 1915, (H.; occasional especially about low bushes in under- growth of pine woods), 3 2, 3 small juv. ¢, 1 juv. 9. One of these females is as large as any of the species we have seen; length of body 33; of pronotum 7.7, of caudal femur 15.9 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII. Fig. 1A. Trimerotropis acta new species. Miami Beach, Fla. Female (tyPE). Lateral view. (X1%). Fig. 1B. The same. Cephalic outline of head. (X2). Fig. 1C. The same. Lateral outline of pronotum. (X2). Fig. 1D. The same. Figure of tegmen and wing. (X1¥%). Fig. 1E. Trimerotropis acta new species. Miami Beach, Fla. Male (allotype). Figure of tegmen and wing. (X1¥%.) Fig. 2A. Oligacanthopus prograptus Rehn and Hebard. Miami, Fla. Male (allotype). Dorsal view. (X4.) Fig. 2B. The same. Head, cephalic aspect. (Greatly enlarged). \O% Plate XVIII. MIAMI, FLORIDA, ORTHOPTERA—HEBARD. " , = ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 409 es on Bombidae, with Descriptions of New Forms (Hym.). ¥ J. FRanxuin, Massachusetts Agricultural College, by, ss Amherst, Mass. eee bever I present descriptions of the new American of Bombus and Psithyrus, of which I have seen repre- ves and also the new records of distribution which I ve accumulated since the appearance of my monograph of > Be of the New World. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. ie my 7 xix, 1913). mbus (Bombus) alboniger new species. ‘ypes: The queen and male described below came from a eer cae (49 "= so 8), tarlag hen i by G. C. Champion. The worker type came from y Costa Rica (6,000 to 7,000 ft. alt—H. Rogers, col- ; Alll these specimens, together with a queen paratype m Cerro Zunil, are deposited in the collection of the British ae Head mostly dark. Sides rs wax white; its dorsum, except the scutellum, mostly black. Ab- sitee with the first dorsal segment and the middle of the second _ _ Thorax—Dorsum mostly black, but with a very noticeable triangular * j the head and with the hind margin vily with white pile. Mesopleura from of the legs, metapleura and sides ofr ith white pile. + Abdomen.—Dorsum: Segment one clothed with pure white pile; segment two black on the sides, but with a wide patch of white pile funning across its middle part (this patch being widest—more than two-thirds of the entire width of the abdomen at that place—at the _ front margin of the segment and growing rapidly narrower until it reaches the hind margin—where it is about one-third as wide as the iff — : Ht | --«- Segment); segments three to six inclusive entirely black. Venter dark. _—s- Wings—Only moderately infuscate; about like those of the ephip- piatus queen; the fore pair lightest across their middle portions. 410 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 Legs—The trochanters mostly dark, but with a slight sprinkling of light hairs on their lower sides; the femora black, but with a few pale hairs at their very bases on the lower side; corbicular fringes black. © W orker.—Much like the queen, but with lighter, subhyaline wings; the triangular spot of light pile on the dorsum of the thorax just back of the head white instead of yellow. Male. Head—Face well clothed with gray pile (a mixture of long black hairs and shorter white ones); occiput with much whitish pile in the middle but with only black hair on the sides; upper part of cheeks entirely dark, but their lower part with much light pile. Man- dibles with a heavy ferruginous beard. Length of malar space and its width at apex about equal. Clypeus well covered with pile. Thorax.—Coloration of pile much like that of worker, but the clothing of the scutellum mostly white and a line of white pile running across the dorsum at its front margin. Abdomen.—Coloration of dorsum like that of worker. Apical mar- gins of the ventral segments fringed with light hairs. Legs—Coxae and trochanters densely fringed with white pile on their lower sides; femora entirely dark except for a few pale hairs at their very bases; hind tibiae with long ferruginous fringes (hairs) and with their outer faces sparsely hairy. Dimensions.—Length: queen, 19 mm.; worker, 11 mm.; male, 12 mm. Spread of wings: queen, 39 mm.; worker, 25 mm.; male, 26 mm. This species belongs to the pratorum group (Ihave examined the tips of the genitalia, which are slightly extruded in the type specimen) and seems to be closely related to pulcher Cress. ‘The appearance of this species is very striking, its black and white pile contrasting sharply. Bombus nigrodorsalis Franklin. Five queens and two workers of this species, which were sent to me for determination by G. Meade-Waldo, of the Brit- ish Museum, show sufficient evidence by their marked varia- tion in coloration to justify the conclusion that nigrodorsalis Franklin and montezumae Cklil. are color variants of the same species rather than distinct species. The name nigrodorsalis has priority. These specimens provide the following new habitat records for the species: Ciudad, Mexico, 8,100 ft. (2 queens, Forrer coll.) ; Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico, 8,000 ft. (1 queen, H. H. Smith coll.) ; Xucumanatlan, Guerrero, Mexico, 7,000 ft. (1 ~~ % i i Vol. xxvi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 411 16 , H. H. Smith coll.) ; Quezaltenango, Guatemala, 7,000 . (2 workers, G. C. Champion coll.). ° The malar space of the females of this species is only a little more lan one-fourth as long as the eye, and that of the male is fully a rth as_ as the eye. The third antennal segment of the male is y a little longer than the fourth. The male before me has the ge of very short pale hairs along its apical margin, the fifth seg- 4 except for a strong fringe of ferruginous hairs along its and the sixth and seventh segments with mostly ferru- trinominatus D. T. There are three queens of this species from the collection the British Museum before me, all from Omilteme, Guer- , Mexico, 8,000 ft. alt. (H. H. Smith). se specimens are from 17 mm. to 18 mm. in length. They have margin of the fifth dorsal abdominal segment fringed with pile and the clothing of the sixth dorsal segment is mostly . This fringe of the fifth segment and clothing of without doubt, normally ferruginous, instead of yellow previously been described. The apical margins of the ventral segments are fringed for the most part with at ‘There are four queens of this species from the collection of ; _ the British Museum before me. Two of these specimens (from Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico, 8,000 ft. alt.), are typical in their characters, and, as the description of the females of this spe- Queen. Head.—Face mostly black, but the frons with a general, though inconspicuous, admixture of short stramineous pubescence. Occiput and cheeks entirely dark. Malar space distinctly shorter than its width at apex, slightly more than one-sixth as long as the eye. margins of the cyes than to each other. Flagellum of antenna about _ one and two-thirds times as long as the scape. Thorax.—Entirely black. A large area around the center of the dorsum naked, smooth and shining. Asa 2, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 Abdomen.—The three basal segments of the dorsum entirely black and the three apical ones clothed with ferruginous pile. Venter black except for the ferruginous hair fringing the oes margin of the fifth segment and clothing the sixth. Wings—Very dark, with violaceous eesti, Legs.—Coxae, trochanters, femora, fore and middle tibiae and cor- bicular fringes (hairs) all black. Dimensions—Length, 18 mm. to 19 mm.; spread of wings, 45 mm. to 46 mm. The other two queens before me show a marked variation from the typical form, and I here establish two color variants on the characters shown by them: Color Variant 1—Like the typical queen, but with the fourth dorsal abdominal segment clothed entirely with black pile, the fifth dorsal segment with considerable black hair on its middle portion, especially toward the base, and the clothing of the epipygium black except on the extreme sides. Queen from El Jicaro, Vers Pas, Guatemala (Champion). Color Variant 2—Like the typical queen, but with the fourth dorsal abdominal segment clothed entirely with black pile, the fifth segment entirely dark except for a touch of light ferruginous hair on each hind corner, the epipygium entirely dark except for a few scattering fer- ruginous hairs on the sides, the fifth ventral segment with no apical fringe of ferruginous hairs, and the hypopygium without ferruginous clothing except at its very apex. Queen from San Geronimo, Guatemala (Champion). Bombus (Bombias) weisi Friese. A male before me, collected by C. H. T. Townsend at Huas- caray, Peru (6,500 ft.), because of its structural characters, its form and the character of its pile, seems to me to represent a male color variant of this species. It differs strikingly from the typical male described by me in “The Bombidae of the New World,” in the following respects : General color much darker; occiput of head with mostly black pile; face with much black hair admixed, especially around and above the bases of the antennae; dorsum of thorax with a very broad black band between the bases of the wings, a narrow band of yellow run- ning across the front and the scutellum bearing a considerable hind border of yellow hair; pleura and sides of median segment with entirely dark pile; second dorsal abdominal segment with entirely dark pile; a few scattering white hairs present on the sixth and seventh dorsal segments; the legs with no yellow pile; the wings rather dark. ol. xvi] _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 413 —— T received this specimen through the kindness of Prof. T. - Cockerell. - 5 intradens (F. Sm.) Handi. | A female of this species from the collection of the British eum is before me. It bear$ two locality labels—‘“Santa af © and “San Geronimo, Guatemala (Champion).” This s is much like laboriosus in general appearance, the only : difference between it and the specimens of that spe- $ without any yellow on the dorsum of the abdomen being ¥¢ shaded lower portions of its pleura and the greater amount f yellow in the pile of the frons above the bases of its an- ennae. It can be readily separated from laboriosus structur- yh er, by its much finer pile and by the much finer and | _‘Sparser punctuation of the dorsum of its abdomen, the abdo- men being scantily clothed and shining much like that of varia- J tare r ) F | specimen before me, from Xucumanatlan, Guerrero, oe Mex (7,000 ft. alt.), seems much like the type of this spe- i es, except that the disc of the dorsum of its thorax is not - sably darkened, its second dorsal abdominal segment has oo pile whatever on its hind corners, the yellow on the tind corners of its third segment does not extend toward the > 1c line along the hind margin and its fourth segment has - poke pile whatever in the middle. The punctuation of the dorsum of its abdomen is about like that of intrudens, be- ing much finer and sparser than that of insularis. This speci- __ men may represent a new species, but I prefer not to give it a mew name until I know more about the variations of the Mexi- ean and Central American Psithyri. _ T have the following new habitat records for New World + i ~y = Ps K _ species of Bombus and Psithyrus: 4. Bombus terricola Kirby. Fargo, No. Dakota, forty-two speci- mens, representing all three castes; Detroit, Minnesota, three workers; Lake Park, Minnesota, four males and one worker ° (all by O. A. Stevens). 2. Bombus affinis Cresson. Fargo, No. Dakota, one worker (O. A. Stevens). 414 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Nov., *15 3. 10. 41) 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Ad Bombus borealis Kirby. Fargo, No. Dakota, one queen, one worker and four males; Detroit, Minnesota, one queen; Moorhead, Minnesota, one queen (all by O. A. Stevens). . Bombus impatiens Cresson. Lake Park, Minnesota, two work- ers (O. A. Stevens). . Bombus ternarius Say. Fargo, No. Dakota, twenty specimens, representing all three castes; Medora, No. Dakota, one queen; Lake Park, Minnesota, one worker and four males (all by O. A. Stevens). . Bombus huntii Greene. Sentinel Buttes, No. Dakota, one qeeen (O. A. Stevens). Bombus perplexus Cresson. Fargo, No. Dakota, one queen (O. A. Stevens). . Bombus californicus Smith. Beaver Creek, Montana, 6300 ft. alt., two workers (S. J. Hunter). . Bombus pennsylvanicus Geer. Fargo, No. Dakota, one queen and three workers (O. A. Stevens); Jalisco, Mexico, one male (Schumann). Bombus sonorus Say. A queen without label, said, apparently on good authority, to have been collected in Sonoma County, California. Northern Sonora, Mexico, one queen and two workers (Morrison). Bombus nevadensis Cresson. Dickinson, No. Dakota, one queen and one worker (O. A. Stevens). Bombus rufocinctus Cresson. Fargo, No. Dakota, two work- ers and two males; Detroit, Minnesota, two queens (all by O. A. Stevens). Bombus ephippiatus Say. Purula, Guatemala, one worker and one male; V[olcan] de Chiriqui, 2,000 to 3,000 ft. alt., two workers (Champion). Rio Sarstoon, British Honduras, one worker. Bombus pulcher Cresson. Xucumanatlan, Guerrero, Mexico, 7,000 ft. alt., one worker (H. H. Smith). Orizaba, Mexico, one queen and four workers (H. H. S. and F. D. G.). Santa Cruz, Guatemala, one queen; San Geronimo, Guatemala, one queen; Capetillo, Guatemala, one queen (Champion). Ciudad, Mexico, 8,100 ft. alt., one queen (Forrer). Omilteme, Guer- rero, Mexico, 8,000 ft. alt., two workers. Bombus wilmattae Cockerell. Quezaltenango, Guatemala, 7,800 ft. alt., two workers and one male (Champion). Bombus emiliae Dalla Torre. Ocampo, Argentina, two work- ers. Bombus steindachneri Handlirsch. Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, 4,600 ft. alt., one queen and one worker; Amula, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 415 9, Mexico, 6,000 ft. alt., one queen and one worker; Ac Guerrero, Mexico, 3,500 ft. alt. two workers al Sane male; Tepetlapa, Guerrero, Mexico, 3,000 ft. alt., one worker (all by H. H. Smith). Jalisco, San Blas, Mexico, “hee eeewers: Tepic, Mexico, one worker (all by Schumann). Venta: Mexico, 2,000 ft. alt, one worker (Forrer). wus dolichocephalus Handlirsch. Amula, Guerrero, Mex- ie . 6,000 ft. alt.. one queen; Xucumanatlan, Guerrero, Mexi- ‘ ~ 7,000 ft. alt., one worker; Acaguizotla, Guerrero, Mexico, 3,500 ft. alt., one worker (all by H. H. Smith). Tepic, Mexi- " _ €0, one queen; Jalisco, Mexico, one queen (both by Schu- ‘=. = > i — “ _ <*> niger Franklin. Monte Alegre, Lower Amazon, Brazil, -: worker (E. E. Austen). Bugaba, Panama, two work- ers (Champion). Bo medius Cresson. Para, Brazil, one queen (E. E. Aus- eves Ee . Valladolid, Yucatan, Mexico, one worker (Gaumer). Bao . Mexico, one worker (F. D. G.). Teapa, Tabasco, ; : ts ‘ico, one queen (H. H. Smith). San Geronimo, Guate- , neat one worker and one male; Bugaba, Panama, 800 to SS oie ft. alt., one male (all by Champion). ‘il mmbus mexicanus Cresson. Guatemala City, Guatemala, one worker (W. P. Cockerell). a 2. Bombus volucelloides Gribodo. Rio Sucio, Costa Rica, one se * ) queen (H: Rogers). Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico, 8,000 ft. s one worker (H. H. Smith). 3 -z funebris Smith. Pachacayo, Peru, over 12,000 ft. alt., os. one male (C. H. T. Townsend). Say 4. Be coccineus Friese. Pachacayo, Peru, over 12,000 ft. s F alt.. one worker (C. H. T. Townsend). 25. Psithyrus laboriosus (Fabricius) D. T. Fargo, No. Dakota, ae two males; Kathryn, No. Dakota, one female; Lake Park, one male (all by O. A. Stevens). Ps insularis Smith. With the new evidence produced by Sladen (Can. Ent. xlvii, 1915, page 84) in mind, I now _-———s fegard consultus as being the male of this species without _-—s question. Fargo, No. Dakota, two males (O. A. Stevens). _ 27. Psithyrus variabilis (Cresson) D. T. Orizaba, Mexico, one ayer male (H. H. S. and F. D. G.). Fargo, No. Dakota, one male a, (Ob A. Stevens). 28. Psithyrus ashtoni (Cresson) D. T. Fargo, No. Dakota, one female and three males; Lake Park, Minnesota, three males | fall by O. A. Stevens). New Jersey, two females (G. C. it Crampton). 416 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 29. Psithyrus latitarsus Morrill. Creede, Colorado, 8,844 ft. alt., one female (S. J. Hunter). 30. Psithyrus suckleyi (Greene). Creede, Colorado, 8,844 ft. alt., three males (S. J. Hunter). The following differences, in addition to those given in my monograph of the Bombidae, should be noted as distinguish- ing the females of the three American groups of Psithyrus: 1. The Laboriosus Group. Females with the sides of the fifth dorsal abdominal segment moderately punctate and its middle portion either impunctate or sparsely or moderately punctate; the middle portion of the exposed part of the sixth dorsal segment more or less punctate. 2. The Ashtoni Group. Females with sides of fifth dorsal segment very densely punctate, the dense punctuation extending nearly to the middle line on the hind part of the segment a little in front of the apical margin; the middle part of the exposed portion of the sixth dorsal segment only sparsely punctate at most. 3. The Fernaldae Group. Females with fifth dorsal segment im- punctate in the middle, except for a few punctures in front of the apical margin, and sparsely to moderately punctate on the extreme sides; the middle part of the exposed portion of the sixth dorsal seg- ment practically impunctate. In a collection of bumblebees recently received from Mr. A. S. Skorikov, of Petrograd, Russia, and named by him, I find the following interesting records of capture at high altitudes: Bombus morawitzi Rad., %, Pamir, Turkestan, 15,000 ft.; Bombus regeli F. Mor., ¢, Bucharei, Turkestan, 12,500-13,000 ft. I also find that the following species represented in this collection belong to the sub-genus Bombias: regeli F. Mor., niveatus Kriechb., incertus F. Mor. The females of niveatus, incertus and apollineus Skor. present the most remarkable case of a parallel development in coloration of species not at all closely allied, with which I am familiar, their coloring, espe- cially that of the first two species, being almost exactly alike. They can be readily separated structurally, however. The female niveatus has a long malar space (much longer than its width at the apex—a remarkable character for Bombias), and its ocelli are large and placed considerably below the supra- orbital line, in the narrowest part of the vertex. The female incertus has a short malar space (slightly shorter than its c a __ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 417 t apex), and its ocelli are large, but placed not far be- : supra-orbital line. The female apollineus has a short - space (about like that of incertus), but its ocelli are aepipare dirs shat sely punctate than those of incertus. } eyes of the niveatus male are considerably swollen, and i are placed at somewhat less than one-third of the from the supra-orbital line toward the bases of the being slightly above the narrowest part of the ver- »_ Each of its lateral ocelli isa litte less than its own diame- a the nearest eye-margin. The size and relative posi- illic eyes and ocelli of the male of regeli are about the SERA the sirvtes cate ‘Th ivence of Sething Peculiarities of Pattern ee a in Unrelated Chalcidoid Hymenoptera. : By A. A. Grrautt, Washington, D. C. North Queensland I chanced upon the following exam- a, | of the occurrence of striking and peculiar color patterns 2 Sess Hiymenoptre of the Chal-dond scien. There is ___ amumber of very beautiful chalcid flies which have the head _ and thorax metallic green or purple and the abdomen deep _ golden yellow, margined down all, or part, of each side by the ‘metallic color. The peculiarity and unusualness of this kind of pattern is such as to catch the eye at once and the first Species which I encountered was subsequently thought to be from the fact that the pattern was taken as the ‘index of identity. However, later, these specimens were close- ly examined and resulted as follows: _ A pirene miscogasterid, a eupelmid, an encyrtid, an aphe- linine (Encarsia) and several other Eulophidae representing two undescribed tetrastichine genera (two species in one of them), an Aprostocetus, an Ootetrastichus and a Tetrastichus. _ Here we find represented three families of the series, five sub- families, nine genera and ten species. The habits of none of 418 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 7°15 these are known, but at least one must be a coccid parasite, and it is hardly likely that any of the species are associated or that the coloration has any significance from the standpoint of mim- icry, or what may be called protective association. Most of these species are forest insects, but at least a third appear to be peculiar to jungle country. They were all captured at varying times and places (mostly near Nelson), and one of the tetrasti- chines was reared from a gall on a typical forest tree. These are, therefore, prominent examples of what may be called ana- logical likenesses or the development of similar characters among diverging lines of evolution. Among the Mymaridae a Gonatocerus with banded wings is indeed a rarity or peculiarity more especially when the band takes the longitudinal rather than the transverse direction. There occur in North Queensland several large species of odd habitus as concerns the genus, two of which are very much alike and bear in the forewing a conspicuous longitudinal stripe; these two species are rather commonly met with in the jungle, but one day while sweeping in a jungle pocket at Meer- awa I caught what I thought was another specimen of one of them and consequently was not particularly interested until upon examining the collection later I was surprised beyond the ordinary to find that the specimen was a Polynema. ‘These three species belong to the jungle and the Polynema is as pecu- liar to its own genus as the other two are to theirs. Species of Polynema from the jungle quite frequently bear transverse stripes on the forewings, some of them very broad and con- spicuous, in this case really and truly remarkable and wonder- fully beautiful insects, but I have never seen a second member of the genus with a longitudinal stripe. This occurrence of striking patterns of color in unrelated in- sects seems to be due merely to what may be expressed as chance variations, being preserved because they do not disturb the economy of the insects in question, and not to any signifi- cant mimetic or other interrelations between the species. I see no reason why this is not the explanation, The variation occurs and is preserved. ol. xxvi] ____ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 419 EEE Another Migratory Moth (Lep.).. 4 oe Watson, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, Florida. Durir g the past year the writer has been working on the history and distribution of the noctuid moth Anticarsia wnatilis. This study has resulted in some rather interest- sries. The caterpillars are a great pest of one of r_ most valuable leguminous forage and _ soil-improving s, the velvet bean (Stisolobium sp.). It attacks also 4 vine and the horse bean (Cannavalia). r the caterpillars or the moths make their appearance mesville until August, and usually do not become abundant to cause material damage until the first , although the velvet beans are large enough to ie Btactive as early as May. Hence one of the ques- list Wwe set out to solve was, Where are the insects from ly December until August? There seemed to be three pos- » answers. Stated in the order of their seeming probabil- were: «) The caterpillars and moths are present during at least and early summer but in such diminished numbers © escape attention ; the caterpillars perhaps feeding on some i 32 The insect remains in the pupa stage until late July ; a) The insect dies out each winter to again come up from . the south each summer. 4. A careful search has been made during the past two ‘seasons for both the moths and the caterpillars during the first seven months of the year. The fields and woods have been carefully searched every few days and moth traps maintained at night. This search has yielded uniformly negative results. Not a single moth or caterpillar has been seen before August. | 2. Hundreds of caterpillars were reared in the laboratory | during October and November with special care to protect - “them from “cholera,” a fungus disease due to Botrytis rileyi. These pupae and others collected from the field were placed in or 420 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 an outdoor insectary under as nearly natural conditions as pos- sible. The last moth to emerge from these pupae came out early in January. All that remained after that date failed to emerge at all, and investigation a little later showed that they were all dead. Careful search through the velvet bean fields in Jan- uary failed to discover any live pupae. The last moths to be seen on the wing out of doors were flying late in December. 3. There seemed to be left only the third possibility. This led to an investigation of the insect’s distribution and dates of appearance in other localities. There was little found on this subject in literature. Holland in “The Moth Book” gives the distribution as the “Mississippi Valley.” Dyar in his list gives it as “Atlantic States.” Over fifty circular letters were sent out to students of lepidoptera in the eastern United States, most of whom replied. To sum up the answers we get the following results: No one north of the Gulf States had seen the larvae. The moths have been taken as far north as On- tario, but, with one exception, all of these moths captured in the North were taken from late September to November. I could find no record of the capture of the moth in the New England States.. In the Northern States it seems to be most frequently taken in western Pennsylvania and Ohio, 7. e., di- rectly north of Florida. All the available evidence seems to indicate that Anticarsia gemmatilis is a mere wanderer in the Northern States like Alabama argillacea. Velvet beans in the western part of Florida are not greatly troubled, and both Prof. Worsham in Georgia and Dr. Hinds in Alabama inform me that they have never noticed the cater- pillars. Turning next to south-Florida, we find quite a different con- dition of affairs. The insect begins to do serious damage to velvet beans in the Miami section in July, at least six weeks earlier than at Gainesville. On June 30, 1915, the writer found the moths to be present in the fields at Winter Haven in Polk County, 28° N. The moths were all badly rubbed, indicating that they were old. They were not at all abundant. No larvae were seen nor was there any indications of their work on vel- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 421 he moths had evidently just arrived. An equally ‘search at Tavares in Lake County (a little below the h parallel) the next day gave entirely negative results, as te ern tenets fabint 9 deg, 40 min.) ) ref i flowing dats frm the amg of Mr Grossbeck 1 to me by Mr. Frank E. Watson, of the American GE Natural History: “The moth was taken at South ake Okeechobee, on April 29 and 30. Extends north- rm westward to Wisconsin and Texas and i through Mexico and the Antilles to South pepe . » | does not seem, however, to be generally abundant in the t Indies. Several correspondents in Porto Rico report is not troublesome there or that they have never noticed it is reported to be common in Cuba. lt seems therefore quite certain that the insect does not _ Ordinarily winter over even in the central part of Florida, but - wks northward each summer from south Florida where one oO of its host plants are available for food at all seasons. to be a sub-tropical insect ill adapted to regions of __ frost. There grows in south Florida a wild species of Canna- ns oat be ies original host plant as well'as that another species of the same genus, A. ferruginea Sm. Satie velvet bean nor kudzu are native to Florida. We teens asco une oe Big st a ‘ es en With us, however, it is not the direct action of the cold that , TElterininates the insect. On November 21, 1914, the ther- __ mometer on the station grounds sank to 22° which is consider- ably lower than that usually recorded at any time during the __ average winter. Yet pupae lying exposed on the surface of the ground were not injured, and a number of moths were captured in the field, a few days later when the weather had moderated. The factor which prevents their enduring even the mild winter of the latitude of Gainesville is their imper- | . . fect hibernation. A few warm days in winter causes the moths i SI 422 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS [ Nov., 715 to emerge from the pupae, while the absence of food plants results in their death without progeny. If the insects could remain as pupae until April or even late March, they would, in many cases, find suitable host plants before death. After the freeze of November 21 which killed their observed host plants, attempts were made to raise the caterpillars on some of the wild and cultivated legumes from the fields and woods. Although the caterpillars ate sparingly of some of these plants, alfalfa being one of the least disliked, they would not grow, and undoubtedly all would have died had not some velvet beans been raised in the greenhouse for them. Their ability to reach such far northern stations as Canada is to be explained by their longevity. Some moths kept in a cage 4x4x5 feet and fed on moistened sugar lived for five weeks. . A detailed description of the larvae, their work, and the life history of the insect will be published in the next annual report of this station. Only a brief summary can be given here. In September the insect spends about three days in the egg stage and twenty-one in the larval, passing through six instars. The pupal stage averages between ten and eleven days in September. As the weather became cooler with the advance of the season, this time was gradually lengthened un- til those that pupated in November averaged twenty-one days, and two that pupated on November 2oth and 21st issued on January 7th, forty-eight and forty-seven days, respectively. The writer will be grateful for any additional records of the occurrence of this moth or its caterpillar. Oo Completion of the “Biologia Centrali-Americana.” The [London] Times Literary Supplement, of September 16, 1915, announces the appearance of the Introductory Volume of this work by Dr. F. D. Godman, saying: “The Introductory Volume, by the surviv- ing editor, marks the completion of this monumental work on the natural history and archaeology of one of the most interesting areas on the earth’s surface. The manifold departments have required for their investigation the labours of a whole army of the most eminent specialists, producing gradually in the course of 36 years 52 volumes of zoology, five of botany, and six of archaeology.” We hope to pre- sent a more extended notice of the Introduction at a later date. _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ PHILADLPHIA, Pa., NovEMBER, 1915! a Jean Henri Fabre. A telegram from Orange, France, dated October 11, 1915, jlished in the daily press, reads, “Henri Fabre, the entomol- t, is dead.” Vhat a life was his since first he saw the light at Saint- of Vezins, in the Haut Rouergue, on December , 1823! He himself wrote of it— a life...not exempt from many cares, yet not very fruitful in in- ( nts or great vicissitudes, since it has been passed very largely, in ecial during the last thirty years, in the most absolute retirement : d the completest silence. a pst absolute retirement and completest silence account for uc 1 of his career. His positive dislike of most human soci- 1 intercourse, his infrequent letters even to his well- 2 a brother, his refusal to observe many of the ordinary an ionalities had much to do with the obscurity in which : tt em his life was spent. They explain why he remained se + nearly twenty years (1853-1871) assistant professor of 1 ay sics at the Lycée of Avignon without change in rank, title, (wes ‘salary, the last amounting to £64 per annum. Fortunately, , ot her sources of income became available, such as that derived __ from the conservatorship of the Requien Museum. 2 was during the Avignon period that his entomological re- began with the Etude sur instinct et les metamor- phases des Sphégiens (1856), but the first series of the Sou- Entomologiques did not appear until 1879. Nine others Siallowed, the tenth in 1908. An English translation of the Ge Series, entitled Insect Life Souvenirs of a Naturalist, was published i in 1901 and selections from the others have been included in The Life of the Spider, Social Life in the Insect _ World, The Mason Bees, etc. Nothing more fascinating in all entomological literature, and at the same time free from all —- can be found than Fabre, even though he has been 423 ad 424 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov.,.’15 accused. of “making deductions too rapidly from his observa- tions and taking a philosophical position from which he refuses to budge.” His biographer insinuates that he was as disre- gardful of much of the work of others in his chosen field as he was of humans in general. When at last his genius was generally recognized at home as well as abroad, a jubilee held in his honor at Serignan, in April, 1910, and leaders in literature and science acclaimed his greatness, he was well over eighty. Yet in spite of the neglect, the poverty, the sorrows of a long life, Fabre could write from his Serignan hermitage, as he approached his eighty-eighth birthday— on reading now the old letters which he [my devoted disciple] has exhumed from a mass of old yellow papers...... it seems to me that in the depths of my being I can still feel rising in me all the fever of my early years, all the enthusiasm of long ago, and that I should still be no less ardent a worker were not the weakness of my eyes and the failure of my strength an insurmountable obstacle. These words form part of the preface which he contributed to that appreciative volume Fabre, Poet of Science, by Dr. C. VY. Legros, published in English dress in 1913. Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. Some Rare California Butterflies (Lep.). In the latter part of April, 1914, Mr. H. H. Newcomb and I made an automobile trip from Los Angeles through Elizabeth Lake and Mojave to Johannesburg in the Mojave Desert country. We saw but few but- terflies in Bouquet Canyon, but at Elizabeth Lake, about forty miles south from Tehachapi and at a 3000 foot elevation, we caught a large number of L. chlorina. This is like L. acmon, but of a decided green- ish blue color and quite different from the blue of acmon. Also, it is not at all like Clemence’s L. monticola from the Mt. Wilson region, which is a lighter blue than acmon. A few of M. gabbi were taken here. Passing into Antelope Valley, which is the western end of the Mojave Desert, at about 2200 feet elevation, we immediately commenced to get another form of Melitaea named neumoegeni by Dr. Skinner. A range of hills marked the line of demarcation betwen the two forms. About twelve miles east of Mojave, on the line of the Southern Pa- cific Railway, we ran into a country covered with greasewood. The ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 425 tre covered with myriad flowers and clumps of bunch- dere we found Henry Edward's L. speciosa in abundance. This little insect is intensely blue with a broad black border and ¢ and with the under side marked like L. polyphemus, the spot very large and heavy. The female has very little blue and looks almost black at first glance. I judge it to be a dwarfed, desert form of L. polyphemus, hardly larger than evxilis, with the coloring and its very strongly marked. They flew close to the ground and were + enna y taken clinging to the stems of bunchgrass. With their wing tight and the under side only showing, they were very ee Woe ones, which wes already leaching wiles sun. we took a few L. speciosa, a number of M. neu- #, several dwarfed desert specimens of E. ausonides and each of ok one E. cethura, form morrisoni (or perhaps W. G. Wright's form deserti). We also saw the tail end of an enormous flight of P. cardui, which covered all of Los Angeles County in February and « we had a very interesting trip through a fascinating and country. Generally one sees a number of coyotes and on this trip, but we saw none. We did, however, capture sl desert tortoises, three rattlesnakes and a number of horned J. R. Hasxix, Los Angeles, California. Cicindela unipunctata Fabr. at Seaville, New Jersey. (Col.). fees specimens of this tiger-beetle were taken along a road at —. on August 12 and 16, 1915. The road was well shaded by pine and oak trees and exhibited several kinds of soil. The majority of the a Se wens co deck, rich looking earth, which occurs along _ the coast back of the marshes, but does not penetrate far into the State. | ne 10 ws ore week roel wwe Sed es One stretch, and several specimens were taken here. In another place __- @ Marrow stretch of white sand occurred in an otherwise uninterrupted the black earth before mentioned and two specimens (in copu- fation) were taken on this. But very few of the whole number were taken on white sand. In my search I went back several miles inland and heavy Jersey sand began and unipunctata ceased. All specimens were taken within two miles of the beginning of ey z i | first date, August 12th, eleven specimens were taken. This was a bright, sunny morning and the sun's rays penetrated through the foliage overhead and struck the road in places, but unipunctata was never in these light places. On this occasion everyone of the eleven was absolutely motionless when taken. Many of them show- ed no life until after they were put in the bottle. They were usually in or ° near the centre of the road, in the characteristic tiger-beetle 426 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [Nov., ’15 position, head somewhat higher than the body. They frequently re- sembled very closely the background of dead twigs and leaves and showed no more signs of life. Along the edges of the road in some places was a slight bank, and in this bank were often circular, irregu- lar holes ranging from the size of a quarter to a half dollar. None of the specimens were taken near these holes, however. On the second date, August 16th, the remaining ten specimens were taken in the afternoon. This time the day was rather cloudy, and sev- eral of the specimens were taken around five o’clock, when the road was considerably darker than on the previous occasion. These speci- mens were quite lively, running rapidly when approached, but never flying. The rest of the insect life of this locality seemed to be limited most- ly to Cicindela punctulata in large numbers, a few specimens of C. con- santanea and wasps of the families Sphecidae and Mutillidae—Wwu. C. Tuompson, Philadelphia, Pa. ~<0> Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. Unless mentioned in the title, the number of new species or forms are given at end of title, within brackets. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. : 3—The American Naturalist. 4—The Canadian Entomologist. 5—Psyche. 6—Journal, New York Entomological Society. 8— The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London. 9—The Ento- mologist, London. 10—Nature, London. 21—The Entomologist’s Record, London. 86—Transactions, Entomological Society of London. 88—Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 40—Societas En- tomologica, Zurich. 47—The Zoologist, London. 50—Proceed- ings, U. S. National Museum. 60—Anales, Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires. 68—Science, New York. '79—La Nature, Paris. 84—Entomologische Rundschau. 87—Bulletin, Societe Entomo- logique de France, Paris. 148—Ohio Naturalist. 148—New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. 166—Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 169—“Redia,” R. Stazione di entomologia Agraria in Firenze. 179—Journal of Economic En- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 427 a Blatter, Cassel. 215—Entomo- © Berichten, uitgegeven door de Nederlandsche Entomo- tirceniging. 220—New Jersey Agricultural Experiment tion Se, Rew Brunswick. 272—Memorias, Real Academia de Cien- 'y em de Barcelona. 281—Annals of Tropical Medicine and asit tology, University of Liverpool, Series T. M. . 285—Nature | dy R tview, Ithaca, N. Y. 313—Bulletin of Entomological Re- rch : 324—Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. —U. S. . Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 351— eitsc ni ft fur Allgemeine Physiologie, Herausgegeben von Max , Jena. 392—The Irish Naturalist, Dublin. 410—Journal w Be Washington Academy of Sciences. 442—Transactions of ie cticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. 447 —Jo of Agricultural Research, Washington. 480—The An- om is of Applied Biology. 486—Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Sci- ntific Society, Chapel Hill, N. C. 508—Boletin, Sociedad Physis, : os Aires. 516—Zoologische Medeleelingen, Leiden. 517— isylvania Department of Forestry, Harrisburg. INERAL SUBJECT. Becker, Th—Die franzosischen ento- gen und wir, 38, xxxiv, 194-8. Berlese, A.—Intorno alla ripro- me ed al dimorfismo sessuale negli insetti, 169, x, 77-112. oe _J—Notas entomologicas, 508, i, 583-4. Colton, H. $.— er reason for saving the genus, 68, xlii, 307-8. Escherich, K. chrift fur angewandte entomologiec; Band II, Heft 1. G. H. ent entomological research, 10, 1915, 689-88. Grahe, A— er sammelkasten, 166, ix, 49. Guercio, G. del—Ulte- r “recerche: sullo stremenzimento o incappucciamento del Tri- iO, 169, x, 235-302. Lizer, C.—Trois insectes parasites des nouveaux pour l'Argentine et leur distribution geogra- 503, i, 569-73. Meissner, O.—Kurze bemerkungen ueber €inige neuere naturwissenschaftliche theorien, 40, xxx, 36-7. Slos- q gon, A. T.—A few memories, 6, xxiii, 85-91. = ar te uni- “A gm ‘PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Duncan, F. N.—An J to produce mutations through hybridization, 3, xlix, 575-82. engage ETC. Hirst, S—On a widely distributed ga- _masid mite (Leiognathus morsitans) parasitic on the domestic fowl, 313, vi, 55-8. Patterson, A. J.—A study of spiders, 285, xi, Fa 986-78. _ Berlese, A—Acari nuovi [5 n. sps.], 169, x, 113-150. Emerton, J. H—New spiders from New England, XT; Canadian spiders, II » [8 new; 15 new], 442, 133-44; 145-60. 428 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 NEUROPTERA, ETC. Baker, A. W.—Lice affecting the do- mestic fowl, 4, 1915, 237-41. Kennedy, C. H.—Notes on the life history and ecology of the dragonflies of Washington and Oregon, 50, xlix, 259-345. Clemens, W. A.—May flies of the Siphlonurus group [1 n. gen.; 1 n. sp.], 4, 1915, 245-60. Corbett & Hargreaves—Vulturops flori- densis, a new member of the Psocid subfamily Vulturopinae from the U. S., 5, xxii, 142-3. Hood, J. D—A new Hoplandrothrips (Thysanoptera) from British Guiana, 4, 1915, 241-4. Hood & Wil- liams—New Thysanoptera from Florida and Louisiana [2 n. gen.; 11 n. sps.], 6, xxiii, 121-38. Longinos Navas, R. P.—Neuropteros nuevos 0 poco conocidos, 272, xi, No. 23, 28 pp. ORTHOPTERA. Fulton, B. B.—The tree crickets of New York: Life history and bionomics, 148, Tech. Bul., 42. Davis, W. T.—List of the O. collected in northern Florida in 1914 for the Am. Museum of Nat. History, with descriptions of n. sps. [2 new], 6, xxiii, 91-101. Hebard, M.—The American species of the genus Miogryllus, 6, xxiii, 101-21. HEMIPTERA. Berlese, A.—La distruzione della “Diaspis pen- tagona” amezzo della Prospaltella berlesei, 169, x, 151-218. Crosby & Hadley, Jr.—The rhododendron lace-bug, Leptohyrsa explanata, 179, viii, 409-14. Ege, R.—On the respiratory function of the air stores carried by some aquatic insects (Corixidae, Dytiscidae and Notonecta), 851, xvii, 81-124. Leonard, M. D.—The immature stages of the black apple leaf-hopper (Idiocerus provancheri), 179, viii, 415-19. Phillips, W. J.—Further studies of the embry- ology of Toxoptera graminum, 447, iv, 403-4. Teodoro, G.—Sui tubi malpighiani dei Lecanini, 169, x, 15-19. Davidson, W. M.—Little-known western plant-lice, I [2 new], 179, viii, 419-29. Metcalf, Z. P.—A list of Homoptera of North Carolina, 486, xxxi, 35-60. Osborn & Drake—Additions and notes on the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Ohio; Records of Guatemalan Hemiptera-Heteroptera, with descriptions of new species, 148, xv, 501-8; 529-541. de la Torre-Bueno, J. R.—Nota sobre Hemipteros del Chaco de Santiago del Estero, 60, xxvi, 157-162. LEPIDOPTERA. Brimley, C. §.—The seasonal distribution of the army-worm moth at Raleigh [N. Carolina], 486, xxxi, 61-3. Chinaglia, L.—Osservazioni intorno alla struttura dei peli addo- minali (peli copritori delle uova) della Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 169, x, 1-13. Collins, C. W.—Dispersion of gipsy-moth larvae by the wind, 344, Bul. 273. Eltringham, H.—Further observations on the structure of the scent organs in certain male Danaine butter- __.__ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 429 1915, 152-76. Frohawk, F. W.—Hibernated examples of ali 9, 1915, 197. Fruhstorfer, H.—Beitrag zur mor- hol wie der Prepona- und Agrias-Arten, 84, xxxii, 45-7. Mosher, , z - ood plants of the gipsy moth in America, 344, Bul. No. he egler & Simanton—Life history of the codling moth in Bul. No. 252. Van Eetke, R.—Bijdrage tot de kennis ische Lycaena-soorten, 1, 516, i, 22-31. e McDunnough—On the “early stages of two moths, 4, ae 71-6, Crumb, S. E.—A key to the cutworms affecting to- a 79, viii, 392-6. Dixey, F. A—New species and subspecies er » & 1915, 1-15. Fassl, A. H.—Eine neue Sphingide C 40, xxx, 41-2. Joicey & Rosenberg—Descrip- of n. sps. of the Pierine genera Catasticta and Daptoneura, 15, 147-51. mM ca. ie ERA. Bishopp, F. C.—Fleas, 344, Bul. 248. Cooper & The effect of various chemicals on blow-fly, 480, ii, 166- pin, H.—La guerre aux mouches, 79, xliii, 33-8. Headlee, —The mosquitoes of New Jersey and their control, 220, Bul. , 135 PP. Keilin, D.—Les formes adaptatives des larves des nthomyides; les Anthomyides a larves carnivores, 87, 1914, 496- ren, H.—Notes on the cat flea (Ctenocephalus felis); Does house fly hibernate as a pupa? 5, xxii, 124-32; 140-1. Rabaud, preliminaire sur le comportement de la larve d’Agro- iaasiventris, 87, 1915, 97-99. Severin & Hartung—The sti- i which cause the eggs of the leaf-ovipositing Tachinidae to 5, xxii, 192-7. Studhalter & Ruggles—Insects as carriers the reproductive and host ‘habits ft Cuteroben and eee tobia, 68, xlii, 253-5. Yorke & Blacklock—Notes on the bionomics . f Glossina — in Sierra Leone, with special reference to its = “Aldrich, j. “The deer bot-flies (genus Cephenomyia) [1 new], 4 zm a 145-50. The dipterous genus Symphoromyia in North oar [8 n. sps.], 50, xlix, 113-43, Brethes, J.—Description d’un - nouveau Syrphide; Description de six Cecidomyidae de Buenos _ Aires, 60, xxvi, 97-8; 151-6. (See also under General.) Dohanian, _§. M—Notes on the external anatomy of Boreus brumalis, 5, xxii, 120-3. Enderlein, G—Dipterologische studien XV. Crepido- *3 hamma, cine neve Drosophilidengattung aus Brasilien, 38, xxxiv, | 185-6. Felt, E. P.—New gall midges [5 new], 179, viii, 405-9. q Ludlow, C. S.—A question of synonomy, 5, xxii, 137-40. Malloch, © J. R.—Flies of the genus Agromyza, related to A. virens [5 new]; q Notes on the flies of the genus Pseudodina, with description of a 430 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 n. sp., 50, xlix, 103-8; 151-2. Osburn, R. C.—Studies in Syrphidae— IV. Species of Eristalis new to America, with notes on others, 6, xxiii, 136-45. Schmitz, H.—Over Zygomma Enderlein en Zygo- neura Meigen, 215, iv, 157-9. COLEOPTERA. Burgess & Collins—The calosoma beetle (Ca- losoma sycophanta) in New England, 344, Bul. No. 251. Coad, B. R.—Recent studies of the Mexican cotton boll weevil, 344, Bul. No. 231. Craighead, F, C.—Larvae of the Prioninae, 344, Of. Sec. Report 107. Ege, R.—(See under Hemiptera.) Heikertinger, F.— Standpflanzenforschung. Zur praxis des kaeferfanges mit dem katscher, 38, xxxiv, 133-69. Vom spezialisieren (Entomologische tagesfragen III), 198, xi, 130-45. Lovell, J. H—A preliminary list of the Anthophilous C. of New England, 5, xxii, 109-17. Rabaud, E.—Notes sommaires sur la biologie des Cassides. 1—Mode de ponte et d’alimentation, 87, 1915, 196-98. Walsh, G. B.—Observa- tions on some of the causes determining the survival and extinc- tion of insects, with special reference to the C., 8, 1915, 225-32 (cont.). Brethes, J.—(See under General.) Carnochan, F. G—Two new sps. of Hister, 5, xxii, 144-5. Champion, G. C.—Revision of the Mexican and Central American. Telephorinae, with descriptions of new species, 36, 1915, 16-146. Hopkins, A. D—A new genus of scolytoid beetles [4 new sps.], 410, v, 429-33. Horn, W.—Genera insectorum. Coleoptera. Cicindelinae. Fasc. 82c, 209-486. Robin- son, W.—Dicerca obscura and D. lurida, 6, xxiii, 151-2. Schenk- ling, S.—Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 65: Oedemeridae, 82 pp. Sharp, D.—Studies in Helophorini, 8, 1915, 233-38 (cont.). HYMENOPTERA. Chapman, T. A.—The egg-laying of Phy- matocera aterrima, 21, 1915, 145-49. Cuthbert, H. E.—Bees and colour selection, 392, 1915, 156. Emery, C_.—Noms de sous-genres et de genres proposes pour la sous-famille des myrmicinae.. Mo- difications a la classification de ce groupe, 87, 1915, 189-92. Oude- mans, J. T.—Late wespen, 215, iv, 169-70. Rohwer, S. A.—De- scriptions of n. sps. of H. [47 new], 50, xlix, 205-49. Tuck, J. G. —Hornets’ nest in the ground, 47, 1915, 320. Turner, C. H.—The mating of Lasius niger, 324, v, 337-40. Wadsworth, J. T.—Notes on some hymenopterous parasites bred from the pupae of Chorto- phila brassicae, and Acidia heraclei, 480, ii, 158-61. Brethes, J.—Note sur quelques Dolichoderines Argentines; Sur les formes sexuelles de deux Dolichoderines; Contribution a VYetude des Pepsis, 60, xxvi, 93-6; 231-4; 235-360. (See also under General.) Gahan, A. B.—A revision of the N. A. Ichneumon flies of the subfamily Opiinae [1 n. g.; 19 n. sps.], 50, xlix, 63-65. __ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 431 — Doings of Societies. ogical Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. eting of September 23, 1915. Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, pre- Nine persons were present. » “Mr. Frost mentioned Bayhead, New Jersey, as a good place. Mr. Hornig spoke of collecting near Alloway, New $7, and exhibited the collection he had made at that place while | weeks’ vacation at the end of July. pi ge ee ee on Serenen 9 Callosamia tak Philadelphia. was a deep smoky brown, white markings nearly obsolete. a— Mr. R. C. Williams said he had been told that the ordi- : Ee ors ene ay bee 2 ne See glass the apparatus becomes very effective as a method of =i He said practically the same method has been used to ~e Mr. Laurent stated that last March he had secured orway maple containing numbers of the larvae of ME OR acaitaccas eisareed Ga fond’ 26; toro sealed. to the 23d of June, seventy males emerged, but only ‘o the 26th of June, ninety-six males emerged and the 27th of June until the 7th of July only nine ec 22 females. From the 8th of July until the 3oth the insects continued to emerge, but only 25 specimens made during these fifty-four days. In all, one hundred specimen, except in collections, in the thirty-seven years collecting, and said other collectors had had the same insects could not be made to fly, although many When a female was dropped from the hand, from above ground, it would only flop to the ground. With males it was somewhat different; when they left the hand they gail downward like a flying squirrel, until they hit a tree some other obstruction. males and females were kept in a separate cage they be induced to copulate and none copulated in the main the log. He had also reared from the log eleven females of the parasite, Megarhyssa lunator, as well female of M. greenci Viereck. The sixteen specimens emerged between May 8th and 12th. He said /unator was internal parasite on Tremex columba but an external one, and on the proportion of parasites to host, 18 to 162. Coleoptera Mr. G. M. Greene referred to the desirability of mounting Coleoptera to show both the upper and under side and « > — 5 ay ‘ we c os few = rts. S wpseananrpenseweecaet , a a < ‘ 4 a } ; & s F , » : } = ny F ol >» ofl ' _ . . 7 i 3 : | | : 4 d a Po i; g ee ~ ’ Ht Yr aa E 272 432 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 715 exhibited mounts designed for that purpose. The insects were sus- pended by steel wires, in a cardboard box, with glass above and below. This method shows large exotic species in an admirable manner. Mr. Laurent exhibited twenty-one specimens of Cicindela unipunctata, taken in two days by Mr. W. C. Thompson, at Seaville, New Jersey. —Henry SKINNER, Recorder. Feldman Collecting Social. Meeting of June 16, 1915, held at the home of Frank Haimbach, 8406 Ridge Avenue, Roxborough, Philadelphia. Fifteen members and two visitors were present. President Wenzel in the chair. General.- Mr. Hornig said he had taken a trip to Alloway, New Jersey, on May 30, expecting to get many things in this good collect- ing spot, as it was such a fine day, but had collected only 33 speci- mens; these were exhibited. Dr. Castle said he had had a delightful time on his recent Florida trip, but as there had been cold weather, frost and then rain before he reached there, collecting was poor. Coleoptera. Dr. Skinner said he had never noticed before that the Rose Chafer Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr. was injurious to any- thing but roses. At his place in Narberth they have done tremendous amount of damage to his cherry trees, not only eating the leaves but the fruit as well; had counted 15 on twa cherries. Mr. Kaeber said he had cut from a tree (apparently dead for several years) at Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, May 23, a fresh pair of Leptura mutabilis Newm. which is rare about here. Also found infested sumac at same place, which had been burned over last fall. Took some of the twigs home and on May 27 a specimen of Liopus fascicularis Harr. emerged, and they are still emerging. He has reared same species from oak twig taken at Woodbury, New Jersey, June 1, 1906. Mr. H. A. Wenzel exhibited Polygraphus rufipennis Kirby and Hypophloeus tenuis LeC. from Cobb’s Creek, Pennsylvania, June 6, collected in white pine, and stated he had found both species under the same conditions at Pocono Mountains, Pennsylvania, August 10. Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Mr. Daecke stated that while at Wildwood Park, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, June 12, he had found a last season’s cattail, which he had taken home and from which bred Dicymolomia julianalis Wik. and Ypsolophus bipunctellus W1sm. and a Hymenopterous parasite. Also showed a piece of mottled brown pine bark from stump at Inglenook, Pennsylvania, on which he had found a specimen of Phaeocyma sp., of practically the same color, an ex- ample of protective mimicry. While the army worm was so abundant last year, now its parasite, Enicospilus purgatus Say, is very numer- ous; they fly in clouds from the grass. Mr. Haimbach exhibited his collection of N. A. Crambinae, comprising 15 genera, 84 species and 556 specimens. Adjourned to the annex.—Gro. M. Greene, Secretary. Ent. News, Vor. XXVI. Plate XIX. LOTTIE TL PROTOPARCE RUSTICA—woob. UPPER FIGURE—MALE, NELSON COUNTY, VA. LOWER FIGURE—MALE, GUANTANAMO, CUBA. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS CEE EDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. DECEMBER, 1o15. No. 10. CONTENTS: G. am and R. (Lep., Dip.)......+. +000 esc Se ‘. n Variety of Protoparce rustica Fabricius (Lep.). By Wut1am C. Woop, New York. ces. (With Plate XIX) og Itiplication of mere varietal names is usually unde- 4 _ ile, although i in somes cases, such as Junonia coenia var. tegra, or Pieris monuste var. phileta—simple color varieties— ‘a name may be a convenience. Local variations would, however, seem better entitled to c names. This is true especially when the points of fence are constant ; when they are present in all the indi- cual s from a particular region ; and, above all, when they are found in individuals from any other locality. ‘ For ‘many years I have realized that specimens of Proto- par * rustica from the island of Cuba look different from the ak sual type. Such perceptions are often more or less instinctive a and | unreasoned. Merely as an example, take the case of two aa species of Protoparce—pellenia and scutata. They are so ig similar in pattern and coloring that it would be very hard to _ differentiate them by a written description, yet there is little a - difficulty in separating them once they are known. i. Protoparce rustica Fabr. is found throughout the Nearctic 433 ~ — Os om wi? ‘a 434 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 15 and Neotropical regions, approximately between the parallels of 40 N. and 40 S. Specimens from continental North and ~South America are all practically alike. There is no marked variation in color or in pattern. Local races from certain is- land regions are, however, more or less distinctly variant. In the Galapagos Islands we find P. rustica var. calapagensis Holl., and in St. Lucia, var. harterti Roths. Cuban specimens differ from the typical form, chiefly in hav- ing the grey disco-marginal banded areas of the fore wings interrupted between nervures R3 and M2, the ground color of the wing extending to the margin, with a mere trace of white marking. I have so far examined sixty specimens, twelve from Cuba, and forty-eight from the United States, Mexico, Central and South America, and Jamaica. This series is not large, but the species is not subject to much individual variation. Without exception the specimens from Cuba are as described below and shown in the accompanying Plate XIX (lower figure), and those from all the other localities are alike ; the typical form, shown in the upper figure of the Plate. (It is interesting to note that the Jamaica specimens are of the usual type.) Is it not therefore fitting that a sub-specific name be given to the Cuban race of this species? I would propose— Protoparce rustica cubana. Subspec. nov. Wings, above—Forewing: the first whitish discal line is interrupted a short distance below nervure R*. The broad brownish-white discal band becomes obsolete between R? and M2, to reappear as an indefinite patch at the hind angle. The wing and body are less sprinkled with grey scales, generally, and the ground color and whitish markings contrast more strongly. The black lines are less evident than in the typical form. Hindwing—Not noticeably different. Underside of forewing resembles typical. form, except that the space between second and third discal lines is lighter than the ground- color, and on hindwing the discal lines are more curved, and nearer the margin. Both wings slightly narrower than in the typical form. Types, one male, one female, Guantanamo, Cuba (Rams- den), Author’s collection. Paratypes, 3 males, 1 female, ibid. ; 1 female, Santiago, Cuba, Author’s collection. 4 males, 1 female, Cuba, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York. (No Cuban specimens in other collections seen.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 435 et peg enradl The Internal Organs of Thaum- ) tion and Rectal Trachtation of Zy- (Continued from page 995) ‘Pauir P. Catvert, Pu.D. ‘emt Wo University of Pennsylvania, Ou Eaeowicdce of the whole siaaaea of the respiration of opterous larvae is still very indefinite, and it seems worth e to summarize it such as it is. TION OF THE TRACHEAL GILLs oF OpoNATE LARVAE. wr (1852), grouping all the Odonate larvae known to under the four genera, Aeshna, Libellula, Calopterix and ‘, gave as generic characters for the first three “Branch- érieures ou rectales,” and for the last “Branchies ex- ss ou caudales . . . et Servant aussi de nage- He added “Comme on voit, la nature et la position des bran hie établissent entre le Calopterix et l'Agrion une dis- tan anatomique énorme” (p. 72). Hagen (1853), recogniz- ing five families, gave for Libelluliden, Gomphiden and Aesch- rt “Darmkiemen, " for Calopterygiden “Darm und Schwanz- 1,” for Agrioniden “Schwanzkiemen” (pp. 261-9, 311). 1 (1909, pp. 2, 43, 45) has accepted the same distinc- 8 s0 far as “branchies” are concerned. (1885, p. 259), on the other hand, grouped Agrion, Sond Calopteryx as Caudobranchiati, Anax, Libellula and cl} s as Rectobranchiati, although Dufour (1852, p. 83) bad the same words, in the form of French adjec- ves, in the different sense implied by his classification quoted bove. Roster’s terms were synonymous, as group names, th the earlier Zygoptera and Anisoptera and were so recog- | nized by systematic writers.* _ Foncrioxs or THE Turee Caupat ApreNDAGES oF ZyGopP- TeRouS LARVAE. Réaumur (1742, p. 405), who regarded these appendages as ires” (fins), and Roesel von Rosenhof (1749, pp. 41 et ars g. de Selys- Longchamps, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, pp. 75, Bo, in a “Liste des Odonates d’Europe en 1887.” 436 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 seq.), who termed them ‘“‘Ruder-Federn” (rudder feathers), say nothing of any respiratory function for them. Without attempting to determine who was the first author to definitely describe them as gills, it is worth recalling that it was in them that Carus (1827) first discovered the circulation of the blood in insects. To these organs he applied the terms “Schwanz- blattchen,” “kiemenartigen Blattchen’”’ and ‘Schwanzkiemen- blattchen” (pp. 9, 14), and he figured one of them on a large scale (Taf. I, f. 4). He termed the species which he studied Agrion puella and although the specific identification is prob- ably not correct, it is evident that he had before him a typical Agrionine.* By Dufour (1852, as already quoted), and by Roster (1886, p. 242), the two functions of respiration and of locomotion were accepted without question. Roster went so far as to con- clude that a branchial lamella is reproduced when the individual has reached such [a state] that it is not able to accomplish its development with- out these necessary organs and that the presence of one lamella, al- though compelling the insect to a forced rest, suffices to satisfy all the respiratory needs of the organism. The great variability in the dimensions of these insects can find a cause in the defective develop- ment to which a physical imperfection, such as the absence of two respiratory lamellae, gives rise (p. 245). The observation that Agrionine larvae can live without their caudal appendages dates back at least to Roesel (1749, p. 50). Hagen (1853, p. 311), Dewitz (1890, p. 504), and Janda (19104, p. 32, 1910b, p. 607) inferred from this survival some sort of rectal respiration. Sharp (1895, p. 422) thought that the respiratory function of the caudal appendages “must be of an accessory nature, *It may be mentioned here that the second species which Carus | studied and figured as “eine kleine Neuropteren-Larvae,” “vielleicht zu Sembits, Sialis, od. dergl. gehdrig,” was also a Zygopterous larva, as von Siebold pointed out (Archiv f. Naturgesch, VII, 1 Bd., p. 211, 1841) that it resembles the larvae of Agrion forcipula [= Lestes sponsa Hansem.] Packard’s implication (1898, p. 397) that it was in the larva of Ephemera that Carus made his first observation of circulating blood is incorrect. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 437 . after the removal of the processes . . fad] the skin of these processes is harder than is usual ISE ot gills.” Similar views were also expressed by Hey- = (1904, Pp 23, 24): ¢ exc t of gas during this period [youngest larval stages] is pli Sniibat dosh sict sollty throeeh ‘Ga Segnndenes, Set, io Rae terouahs the entire body-serface Which at Gast is Gov- extremely delicate chitin....During the larval period there SUNT: thet the three appendages have become primeiily organs from the physiological standpoint. But, as earlier, body-surface serves for respiration in addition to the gill- and a loss of the appendages in no way leads to death of oaths (1909, pp. 381-2), discussing the caudal appen- f the larva of the Australian Diphlebia, while admitting t presence of numerous branched tracheae in these * mst mean “that originally they were in some way or- respiration,” points out that the loss of these gills s not affect the respiration of the insect in any way,” and s “whether even the wide lateral gills of Diphlebia, fed - large tracheae, are of any use at present for auxiliary ; Recrat Respiration. CALOPTERYGINAE. 4 earliest record of observations on rectal respiration in appears to be that of Roesel von Rosenhof (1749, he says of the nymphs [of Calopteryx] that they “their air not through the mouth, but through the abdo- men, and such can easily be perceived in them if they are kept ma clear glass full of water.” Dufour (1852, p. 91) saw farvae of Calopterix “swallow through the anus the water which serves for their respiration.” He described (1849, 1852, op. & in the rectum as forming three membranous folds a *s”) fixed by a single extremity to the inner and mri : of the stercoral pocket in such manner as to be free and cine for two-thirds of their length. Hagen (1880a, a pp. 160) found these gills “genau wie Léon Dufour.” This _ $tatement was called forth by Olga Poletaiew’s denial (1880, p. | 4§0) of the existence of rectal gills in the larva of Calopteryx 438 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 based on an examination of the interior envelope of the rec- tum in exuviae. Very recently Ris (1913, p. 95) has stated that he is disposed to consider the “older statements of Dufour and Hagen on the union in Calopteryx larvae of the zygop- terous with a rudiment of the anisopterous organ as an error of observation.” . The present writer has recently made some observations on living larvae of Calopteryx maculata from the neighborhood of Philadelphia, as follows: A male larva (body-length, exclusive of caudal appendages and of antennae, 17.5 mm., median caudal appendage 6 mm., lateral caudal appendage 8.5 mm.) placed in a Syracuse watch glass at 3.25 p. m. in barely enough water to cover the larva. The larva remained very quiet and was watched under a Zeiss binocular microscope with objectives a° and oculars 2. Anal expirations at the rate of 38 per minute were indicated by movements of sediment attached to the hairs on the median caudal gill. The same larva was turned on its back at 3.30 p. m., all the other conditions remaining the same as before. The larva re- mained very quiet; 36 anal expirations per minute indicated as before. Powdered carmine was sprinkled on the water and floating on its surface showed very clearly the expulsions of water from the anus at a rate of 33 per minute. The carmine particles showed currents as indicated in the accompanying diagram (Text-fig. 2). The expulsions from the anus were ac- companied by alternate contractions and expansions of abdom- inal segments 3-8, which were most marked near the lateral edges of the segments at their articulation with the next fol- lowing segment. Observations on the direction of movement of carmine particles and particles of sediment im (not on the surface of) the water made it seem likely that the water enter- ed the rectum through an aperture (ea) between the ventral margins of the right and left subanal plates and the posterior ventral margin of abdominal segment Io, and that it left the rectum by an orifice (xa), less easily seen in ventral view, be- tween the supra-anal plate and the dorsal margins of the right din AEG : ple agi Ezett Hee 3 ae a tL tl viavieie? wa 54 3 a2" Ha TH : (Hn Heid HHH 440 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 both entrance and exit of the water into and from the rectum seemed to be by the aperture ea between the ventral margins of the subanal plates and the hind ventral margin of abdominal segment I0. In both larvae the expulsions were much more evident than the inhalations, the latter causing very much less movement of suspended or floating particles. From time to time, for inter- vals of one minute or longer, both inhalations and exhalations ceased. In a transparent living larva of Hetaerina americana (di- mensions corresponding to those of Calopteryx larva quoted: 8.5, 3, 4 mm.), examined under a Zeiss compound microscope, objective A, ocular 2, the rectal tracheal supply was clearly seen to be very similar to that figured for Thaumatoneura (Pl. XVI) in the present paper. Rhythmic pulsations in the rectum were distinctly visible at a rate of 45-53 “sets” per minute, each “set’’ consisting of 3-4 successive contractions of — the rectal wall, followed by a longer pause of varying dura- tion. Currents of water corresponding to the rectal pulsa- tions were demonstrated by the use of carmine particles as de- scribed for Calopteryx. Water was expelled caudad from the vicinity of the anus 45 times per minute jerkwise, each jerk apparently synchronous with the pause following each “set of rectal contractions. The ileum moved rhythmically, ce- phalad from the sixth to the fifth abdominal segment while the rectum was contracting, and caudad into the sixth segment again synchronously with the pause following each “set” of rectal contractions. In the larva of Cora, the condition of the material did not permit of an exact statement as to the existence of rectal tra- cheal gills, but it was noted that the rectal walls appeared much less richly tracheated than those of the stomach. (Calvert, 19olta, p. 55; cf. pl. ii, ff. 17, 19). RECTAL RESPIRATION. AGRIONINAE. Schmidt-Schwedt (1891, p. 104) stated that larvae of Agrion and of Lestes do not possess respiratory movements through the anus and Tiimpel (1908, p. 66) asserted that all 9 xxvi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 441 ay ber oe [than Calopteryx| lack gut-gills (Darm- it breathe only by the caudal gills. On the other i, Dewitz (1890, p. 504) saw in transparent Agrionid phs under the microscope a stream of water taken into tiled from the rectum. Tillyard (1906, p. 415) re- d the larva of Lestes leda as suddenly projecting “itself 1 by expelling the water from its body anally,” which y suggests two functions, locomotion and respiration, ed in the rectum as they are in Anisopterous larvae. *s 900 Foustka (1907, p. 538), studying the respiratory of the abdomen of Odonate larvae by means of the method, obtained from “a small species of the ionid group” results entirely similar to those from experi- } on two larger Libellulid species. Their figures show the fences in the height and frequency of the respiration curve due to the absence or presence in varying quantities of gen in the water in which the larva was placed. Balfour- row (1909, p. 279) working on larvae of Agrion pulchel- _Ischnura elegans, Pyrrhosoma nymphula and Erythrom- , after citing Dewitz's observation quoted above, says ¢ stream of water passing in and out through the anus: fam my earn ts ver wk n,n tre ay api surrounding the anus in this group to prevent ingress of such as is found in the Anisopterids. If rectal res- ____ Piration exists at all, it seems to me that it must be very slight and of but little importance, as I could not observe any increased number =. f contractions of the rectum in specimens of Agrion which had been | rived of their lamellac. In the absence of the lamellae, I think of the respiration must be carried on through the skin. It is remarkable that, as in the case of Calopteryx, no ana- istological studies have been made on the rectum of ar larvae of Europe or of North America. All that exists hitherto appears to be the brief account of the rectum of - the Costa Rican Mecistogaster modestus (Calvert, 1911b, pp. 452-3, pl. xvii, ff. 7, 10). The first part of the present paper gives a fuller description, of the rectal tracheal distribution at Teast, than any that has yet appeared. ____—s Observation and experiment with carmine particles on living , “aed 4 oe + 442 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Dec., 715 larvae of Argia moesta putrida (dimensions as before: 7.5, 3 and 4 mm., and smaller), from the vicinity of Philadelphia, showed that a larva watched for two hours may give no sign of rhythmic rectal contractions, but that these may suddenly begin and then continue for varying periods. They con- sisted of sets of three rapidly successive contractions, every third contraction being of longer duration than the other two; 32 such sets per minute were noted. At other times sets of five contractions were noted. In some larvae, but not in all, the beginning of a set of rectal contractions was often syn- chronous with a slight shortening of the abdomen; the length- ening of the abdomen began before the contractions had ended. A rhythmic shortening and lengthening of the abdomen may perhaps furnish an indication of the existence of rectal con- tractions in opaque larvae. Successive removal of the three caudal gills in one larva was not followed by any immediate beginning of rectal contractions, although such were seen four hours later; the larva was not under continuous observation during all of that time, however. The observations of the Argia larvae were made chiefly under a Zeiss compound mi- croscope, objective A, ocular 2. LATERAL EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL TRACHEAL GILLS are now known for the following Calopteryginae :* Euphaea splendens. Hagen, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg, xxiii, p. Ixvi, 1880; Zool. Anz. iii, pp. 160, 304, 1880.; Packard, Text-Book Ent. pp. 468-9, fig. 446, 1898. Euphaea variegata. Ris, Tijdschr. Ent. lv, p. 168, pl. 6, figs. 9, 15-20, pl. 7, figs. 10-12, pl. 8, figs. 13, 14, 1912. *The references are to descriptions of the larvae only. +Hagen states (Il. c. p. 160): “Die ersten derartigen Larven erhielt ich von Nietner in Ceylon und habe tiber sie miindlich in der Naturf.- Versamml. in Stettin 1861 berichtet.” The Versammlung der deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Stettin was in 1863, not 1861. The Bericht of that [38th] Versammlung for September 23, 1863, p. 137, reads “Herr Dr. Hagen. iiber Respirations-Organe von Euphaea splen- dens, woran sich eine Discussion schloss, an der sich besonders Di- rector Loew und Prof. Grube betheiligten,” but nothing more. The Versammlung of 1861 was at Speyer and the Bericht thereof con- tains nothing by Hagen and nothing on Euphaea. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 443 comes? Needham, Ent. News, xxii, p. 149, pl. v, figs. 7 ra dispar? Hagen, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxiii, p/Ixvi, 1880. fa indica. Needham, Ent News, xxii, p. 150, pl. v, figs. comes? ieee St. Cae eee Ixvi, 1880. 1c tated water tee tral gl ar ep in move t life or not. sa Sticmata (Sprracues). tz (1890, pp. 504, 526), on immersing Agrionid nymphs , or on raising or lowering the temperature Seater in which they were contained, saw air escape thoracic stigma of one side of the body. As the older Fi s crawled up to the surface of water, which had been led, and exposed their dorsal thoracic surface, he inferred y inspired atmospheric air. y subjecting the early stages of Odonata to the action ‘of tr and to partial vacua, Portier (1911, pp. 216-7) con- 1 that in Calopterys, as in Aeschna and Libellula, the I system is not closed to air, although not permeable , fats or their solvents. In the younger Jarvae, one or r of a pair of ventral spiracles at the junction of thorax Si ahdothen allows passage to air, while in the older nymphs a aese ventral stigmata are lacking, but one or other of a pair of ‘anterior dorsal thoracic [mesothoracic] spiracles transmits = within or from without. ye Barvocts (1913, pp. 25-26) also €mployed the vacuum meth- oie Tn larvae of Agrion 3 mm.* long he was unable to per- Sie any discharge of gas until he cut the caudal gills; in larvae 5 mm.* in length and longer, bubbles of gas issued from as the dorsal stigmata between the pro- and meso-thorax, always more abundantly from one side than from the other.t _ *These dimensions were exclusive of the caudal appendages. _——s« #@Bervoets has used (pp. 27, 29) the term /soptera for the Agrioni- dae, evidently in contrast with Anisoptera. Isoptera is, of course, 3 © preoccupied as an ordinal name for the Termites. om a 444 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 15 These experimental researches on the permeability of the spiracles to air may afford an explanation of the results ob- tained by East (1900, p. 212), who kept nymphs of Ery- thromma najas and of Agrion puella alive, out of water, for one month and for thirty-three days, respectively. They had no food during this period and yet the nymph of E. najas moulted in the midst of it. CoNCLUSION. From the various data which have been brought together here, it seems reasonable to suppose, at least until much more exact experiments show the limitations of each mode of respi- ration for different stages and for different species of Zygop- terous larvae, that the general body-surface, the caudal pro- cesses, the rectal epithelium, certain spiracles and, in a few species, lateral external abdominal tracheal gills, al] contribute to satisfying the needs of the organism for oxygen. A classi- fication which regards the larvae or nymphs of any one group as exclusively or predominantly Caudobranchiate is not justi- fied by our present knowledge. The fact that the larvae of Thaumatoneura spend much of their lives moistened by, but not submerged in, water, tempts one to refer the relatively small surface of their caudal appendages (“gills”) to this mode of life. The similarity of their rectal tracheation to that of the larva of Hetaerina americana and the existence of rectal respiration in the latter lead one to expect that a similar condition will be demonstrated by observations on liv- ing Thaumatoneura larvae. BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND THE PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION OF ZYGOPTEROUS ODONATE LARVAE. BaBAK, E. 1912-13. Die Mechanik und Innervation der Atmung. Handb. vergl. Physiol. herausg. von H. Winterstein, Bd. I, 2te. Halfte, PP. 389-410, 421-34. Basak, E. u. FoustKa, O. 1907. Untersuchungen iiber den Aus- losungsreiz der Atembewegungen bei Libellulidenlarven (und Arthro- poden iiberhaupt). Pfliiger’s Archiv ges. Physiol., cxix, pp. 530-548, 1 text fig., 2 taf. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 445 x, F. 1900. The Life-History of the Agrionid Zool. Soc. London, 1909, pp. 253-285, 2 pls. R. 10913. Sur le Systéme Trachéen des Larves d’Odonates. es Biol. lacustre, vi, pp. 15-32, 8 text figs. ex, F. 1913. L’Aquarium de Chambre. Lausanne Payot et [Not seen by the writer; quoted by Bervoets, 1913]. vent, P. P. 1803. Catalogue of the Odonata (Dragonflies) of of Philadelphia, with an Introduction to the Study of mp of Insects. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx, pp. 152a-272, pls. [Tracheae of nymph of Lestes forcipata, p. 200). § 19110. Studies on Costa Rican Odonata. I. The Larva of _ Ext. News, xxii, pp. 49-64, pls. ii, iii. i. 1911b. Studies on Costa Rican Odonata. III. Structure and, on of the Larva of Mecistogaster modestus. Ent. News, p. 449-460. pls. xvii-xix. Cc. G. 187. Entdeckung eines einfachen vom Herzen aus ten Blutkreislaufes in den Larven netzfliglicher Insecten. lertafeln. Leipzig, Leopold Voss. 4to. 40 pp. ILD, Bia. sad Youno, A. N. 1903. Regeneration of the Ap- ts in Nymphs of the Agrionidae. Archiv f. Entwickmech. Org. boa, taf. xx~-xxii. he H. 10903. The Technique of Biological Projection and of Animals. Journ. Appi. Micros. Laby. Meth. vi, pp. 2224, 2676-7, 3 figs. G. 1840. Legons d’Anatomie Comparée. Redigées et s par G. L. Duvernoy. Seconde Edition. Tome vii, pp. 495- is, Fortin, Masson et Cie. H. 1800. Einige Beobachtungen, betreffend das gesch- ¥¢ Tracheensystem bei Insektenlarven. Zool. Ans. xiii, pp. 500-4, _ [English resumés in Miall 1895, 1903, and Packard 188.] L. 1849. Des divers modes de respiration aquatique dans Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, xxix, pp. 763-770. tudes Anatomiques et Physiologiques et Observations des Libellules. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3) xvii, pp. 65- , A. 1900. Notes on the respiration of the dragonfly nymph. >. a (London) xxxiii, pp. 211-12. _‘*Hacew, H. A. 1853. Léon Dufour iiber die Larven der Libellen 3 ens J der friheren Arbeiten. Stett. Ent. Zeit. xiv, pp. 98-106, 237-8, 260-270, 311-325, 334-346. ss: Tump. 18800. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Tracheensystems der Libellen- _ Larven. Zool. Anz., iii, pp. 157-161. a Temp. 1880b. Kiemeniiberreste bei ciner Libelle; glatte Muskelfasern hei Insecten. L. ¢. iii, pp. 304-5. _. Heyaons, R. 1896. Grundziige d. Entwickelung u. des Kérper- 446 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 715 baues von Odonaten u. Ephemeriden. Anhang Abh. Kénigl. preuss Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Phys-math. Cl. 66 pp. 2 taf. Inip. 1904. Die Hinterleibsanhange der Libellen u. ihrer Larven. Ann, k.k. naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xix, pp. 21-58, 11 text figs., 1 pl. Janpa, V. t1g10a@. O regeneracnich dejich u clenoveu. Cast II (Odonata). Vestn. ceske Spol. Nauk Trida math.-prirod 1909 no. 21. 36 pp. 2 Taf. [Summary in German.] Inrp. 19100. Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber die Regeneration der Odonaten. Zool. Anz. xxxv, 602-8. 14 figs. [Abstract of the preceding memoir.] Miaty, L. C. 1895, 1903. The Natural History of Aquatic Insects. London. Macmillan & Co. [Two editions.] Chap. ix. NEEDHAM, J. G. 1g911a@. Descriptions of Dragonfly Nymphs of the Subfamily Calopteryginae (Odonata). Ent. News, xxii, pp. 145-154, pls. iv, v. Iprp. 1911b. Notes on a few Nymphs of Agrioninae (Order Odon- ata) of the Hagen Collection, L. c. xxii, pp. 342-345, pl. xi. Packarp, A. S. 1898. A Text-Book of Entomology. New York, The Macmillan Co. PatméEN, J. A. 1877. Zur Morphologie des Tracheensystems. Leip- zig, Wilhelm Engelmann. 8vo, pp. x, 149. [Morphology of principal tracheal trunks in young larva of Agrion, pp. 37-8.] PoLeTalEw, O. 1880. Quelques mots sur les organes respiratoires des larves des Odonates. Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. xv, pp. 436-452, pls. xix, aR Portier, P. 1911. Recherches Physiologiques sur les Insectes Aqua- tiques. Arch. Zool. Expér. Gen. (5) viii, pp. 89-379, 68 text figs., pls. i-iv. Purser, G. L. 1915. Preliminary notes on some Problems connected with Respiration in Insects generally and in Aquatic forms in particular. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. xviii, Pt. ii, pp. 63-70. REAuMuR, M. 1742. Des Mouches a quatre ailes nommés Demoi- selles. Mem. pour servir a I’Histoire des Insectes, Tome vi, pp. 387- 456, Pls. 35-41. Paris, de l’ Imprimerie Royale. Ris, F. 1912. Uber Odonaten von Java u. Krakatau, ete. Tijdschr. v. Entom. lv, pp. 157-183, pls. 6-8. Iprp. 1913. Die Atmungs-Organe d. anisopteren Libellenlarven. Mitt. schweiz. entom. Gesell. xii, pp. 92-909. ROoESEL VON ROSENHOF. 1749. Der Wasser-Insecten zweyte Klasse. Der monatlich-herausgegebenen Insecten-Belustigung. Zweyter Theil. Nirnburg. [Hagen, Bibl. Ent., ii, p. 84, gives 1749 as the date of the original edition. I have seen an undated one in which Roesel’s death on March 27, 1759, is mentioned. ] Roster, D. A. 1885. Contributo all’anatomia ed alla biologia degli Odonati. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. xvii, 256-268, tav. iii, iv. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 447 Cenno Monografico degli Odonati del Gruppo Ischnura. 30-258, tav. ii-vi. 888. Contribto alo Stadio delle Forme Larval degli Odonati ) Ieonografico della Larve-Ninfe dei Caudobranchiati. L. c. xx, oo, tev. i-iv. EAU, E. 1909. Etude Monographique des larves des Odonates r . Ann. Biol. lacustre, iii, pp. 300-366, 47 text figs. MIDT-SCH WE , E. 1801. Kerfe u. Kerflarven d. siissen Wassers, ers der stchenden Gewasser. In Die Tier. u. Pflanzenwelt d. von Dr. Otto Zacharias, Bd. Il, pp. 51-122. Leipzig, J. J. ‘D. 1895. Insects. The Cambridge Natural History, v, pp. seq. London and New York. Macmillan & Co. okow. 1828. Respiration d. Insekten, insbesondere iiber die re n der Aeschna grandis. Zeitschr. organ. Physik. (Eisen- i, pp. 24-49, tab. i-iv. en R. J. 1906. Life History of Lestes leda. Proc. Linn. Soc. outh Wales, xxxi, pp. 409-423, 2 pls. ID. 1909. Studies in the Life-Histories of Australian Odonata. II. ory of Diphlebia lestoides. L. c. xxxiv, pp. 370-383, pl. R. 1898-99, 19008. Die Geradfliigler Mitteleuropas. [Two Ist, Eisenach, Verlag von M. Wilckens; 2nd, Gotha, F. E. I have used the 2nd.] is, T. 1854. On the Mechanism of Aquatic Respiration and on ot of the Organs of Breathing in Invertebrate Animals. in. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xiii, pp. 180-200, pls. ix-x. [Brief note t degree of capillary subdivision” of the tracheae in branchiae p. 106; his fig. 6, pl. ix appears, however, to be that of an a Poorly OTHER PAPERS CITED. E. 1869. Note sur la respiration chez les nymphes des Annales d. Sciences Naturelles (5) Zool. xi, pp. 370-386, G. G. 1905. The Distribution of Tracheae in the nymph of lydia. Biol. Bull. (Wood's Hole) ix, pp. 341-354. 8 text- Destructive Grasshoppers in Costa Rica (Orth.). Anastasio Alfaro, Director of the Museo Nacional of Costa has described the invasion of Costa Rica by locusts in the pres- ; year in Revista de ee a José, Oct., 1915. The species concerned, identified by Mr. J. A. G. Rehn, are Schistocerca paranen- gis and S. sapoteca, the former predominating. The invaders entered from the north in two columns, one along the Pacific lowlands, the _. other along those hua the Atlantic. A detachment from the latter col- umn the 448 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dee., 715 Some North American Diptera from the Southwest— Paper III.* A Revision of the Species of the Genus Mythicomyia. By E. T. Cresson, Jr., Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. The material upon which this paper is based was collected in western Texas, Arizona and New Mexico by J. A. G. Rehn and H. L. Viereck in the late spring of 1902. The collection is unusually rich in several little known genera, of which this anomalous one is especially favored. The study of the mater- ial resulted in recognizing eight distinct species, including four considered new. Of the four préviously described spe- cies three of these are recognized in the material at hand. By courtesy of the United States National Museum, I have been enabled to examine the material there including Coquillett’s types. I have, therefore, seen the types of all the known species. One of the new species and some of the records were obtained from the United States National Museum collection and are so credited. Of the students who have given this genus any study, I think Coquillett was correct in considering it to belong to the Empi- didae, and he ably states his reasons for this in ENTOMOLOGI- caL NEws, iv, 209. Williston, in his Manual’, notes that it should probably accompany Hilarimorpha in the Leptidae. In the third edition of his Manual he does not include it in any of the tables of genera, but mentions the genus in a note? and figures the wing, antenna and entire insect under the Bom- byliidae and Empididae. Melander includes it in his Mono- graph of the Empididae* under the subfamily Mythi- comyinae accompanied by Hilarimorpha, but does not other- wise commit himself as to the probable relationship. Aldrich and Kertesz in their catalogues place both genera in the Lep- tidae. *Paper I. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxxii, 279-288, 1906; Paper II. Tr. Am, Ent. Soc. xxxiii, 99-108, 1907. 1. Ed. 2, p.73. 2. P. 218. 3. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxviii, p. 336. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 449 | the genus Hilarimorpha and therefore can- y whether or not it is related to Mythicomyia, but I it probably is. As to the genus Mythicomyia, I agree Coq illett in placing it in the Empididae, and with ey wrt of 5) eine atten Its pithe Bombyliid generayallied to Geron and Rhab- eres, but I cannot associate it with hind ¢ anal cell to be either closed or distinctly open, so fe is of no family importance. The form of the e and the venation, except as to the anal cell, are con- » material examined. Taking these, as well as the ft other characters, into consideration the genus sure- vor: ne nn ny ba Giatingwicned by te Dott 1 ending in the first. » Me int of the dissimilarity between the sexes, it is diffi- associate them in many cases, and it is possible that ¢ synonom is created. This is, of course, unavoidable | our present limited knowledge of the species. However, ny is much preferable to misidentification. - MYTHICOMYIA. 1893. Coquillett, Ent. News, iv, 209. |. 6 Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, 409. i ; Man. N. A. Dipt. ed. 2, 73 (note). . Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xxviii, 337. . Aldrich, Catalogue, 218. . Williston, Man. N. A. Dipt. ed. 3, 218 (note). . Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. iii, 333. stitute of macrochactae. Head globular, attached by a st neck. Antennae porrect; first joint very short, indis- ; second as long as broad; third at least as broad as | lanceolate, elongate, not annulated, much longer than and second together; style terminal, robust, conical or - = ndrical, pointed, much narrower than third. Eyes of male contiguous, with enlarged facets above. The ocellar tubercle prominent with the ocelli widely separated and equidistant. - Proboscis porrect, rigid, without labella. Palpi minute. y Thorax hemispherical, convex above, higher than long, __hunch-backed. Abdomen ovate, pointed, with seven segments 450 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec.; 15 in both sexes. Hypopygium distinct, complicated. Legs mod- erately slender ; tibiae at most with short spurs ; hind tibiae and tarsi of male sometimes with characteristic appendages or pro- cesses ; pulvilli well developed ; empodium hairlike. Wings with second vein short, ending in and near apex of first; vein seven weak, sometimes evanescent ; first section of fourth vein oblit- erated or faint; marginal cell closed; only one submarginal cell; four open posterior cells; anal cell narrowly open, or . closed near margin. Genotype—Mythicomyia rileyi Coquillett. Po dad ---- - a ne Fig. 1. Mythicomyia flavipes: wing. 2. Ibid.: profile of head of male. 3. M4. armata: hind tibia and base of tarsi. 4, MZ. scutellata; antenna. 5. MZ. armipes: fore tibia, 6. Ibid.: basal joint of hind tarsi. ‘Tante or Species. Males. antennal joint and legs yellow ................ »... flavipes a SE ey 8S os 2 of hind tarsi notched near base beneath.............. 3 stews code adaue Ot occu dévteewateupebdadcestcctuets atra stout with an apical spur extending to or beyond the we ee ee ee ee 4 is aie ener sa Lp dein tami Aik of dahil alte ae hoes MaaaTi 5 tibiae very long and slender with black swelling near middle; __ hind tibial spur short; basal joint of hind tarsi shorter than Rada Gwesnscbt vhs ceUbweugen dbddecveset ct armipes : iaorenel ; hind tibial spur very long; basal joint of hind tarsi longer than following.............-.-.+-+++++++ armata IEE 6 05 04 0 os on.50 cas ehh Saeeas és hcent tibialis and only apical half of femora yellow ...............+++ rileyi Females. antennal joint and legs yellow .............-++++0++- flavipes DPE UL Scadevass cdedcns edbcciucjualvestcacttcss 2 species with yellow scutellum ..............--55+ scutellata IAD a Sei cde cccccctcccccdecccccedseteccceseues 3 YONOW occ cc cdi ccccccccccnccencccccececcceccecs rileyi and tibiae marked with black ...........--++esee0+- pictipes oem yia scutellata, Fig. 4. _ Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxv, 102. s ent Piide except apices of tarsi, yellow. Th d antennal joint ovate, broader than second, somewhat longer 1 (fig. 4) ; style cylindrical hardly half as long as third. Pro- anes an bead. Anal cell open. Length 1.5 mm. @, Williams, Arizona, June 6, 1902 (H. S. Barber), a. ‘W. . S. N. M. No. 6195]. - | es Fevatypes—3 2 5 topotypical. iMatore sné are four specimens from Alamogordo, New Mex- 0, and one from Highrolls, New Mexico, collected in April eee May. which I refer here without doubt. The color of the varies considerably and it is questionable whether such 4 scan be used in the separation of the species. In three of these 452 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 individuals the mesonotum is black, the scutellum is much smaller than usual, nearly semi-circular, not broader than long. The other specimen (Alamogordo, N. Mex., May 1) is almost entirely yellow, with antennae, vertex, three broad subcoalesc- ing mesonotal stripes, the middle one abbreviated posteriorly and the others anteriorly, and a median series of small spots on the apices of abdominal segments, black. This may prove to belong to a distinct species, but it is similar in other re- spects to the remainder of the series. A peculiarity in one of the former series (Alamogordo, N. Mex., May 1) is the ab- sence of the posterior cross vein in one of the wings, the sec- ond posterior vein curving from the sixth vein so as to keep its original position in entering the margin of the wing. This may possibly be regarded as a point towards establishing an affinity with the Empididae. In the U. S. National Museum are 2 females with the same data as those of the typical series, but collected on flowers of Purshia tridentata; also a female from Bright Angel, Colo- rado Canyon, Arizona, 2300 ft. alt., May 10, 1903 (H. S. Bar- ber). The former two may belong to the original typical series. Mythicomyia flavipes new species. Figs. 1 and 2. 3. Black, densely gray pruinose and moderately long white pilose. Frons, face, cheeks, oral margin, second antennal joint, humeri, post- alar spot, margin of scutellum, halteres, several spots beneath wings, narrow apices and broad lateral apical angles of abdominal segments, venter, hypopygium, apices of fore coxae, all legs except apices of tarsi and basal spot above on femora, and veins of wings, yellow. Line of demarcation of upper and lower facets of eyes distinct. Pro- boscis protruding beyond length of head. ‘Third antennal joint three times as long as second, hardly as broad, attenuated at both extremities; style one-third as long as third, conical. Anal cell closed. Tarsi not notched. Length, 2 to 3 mm. @. Similar but pile shorter. -Yellow and densely pruinose with eyes, ocellar tubercle, third antennal joint and style, mesonotum except broad lateral margins and a divided quadrate spot near base of scutellum, pleural spots, narrow bases of abdominal segments, black. Proboscis and tarsi brown. Type—é, El Paso, Texas, April 4, 1902. [A. N. S. P. No. 6097]. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 453 as ge, 189, topotypical. : not 's.—2 2, Alamogordo, New Mexico. . yellow legs and the conspicuous second antennal joint e lient characters. There is some variation shown in Ove series in the color pattern. In the males the lateral notal margins may be entirely yellow and the femora quite asally, especially the fore pair. In the females the ab- al segments may be broadly black, especially the second, t yellow mesonotal quadrate spot sometimes wanting. icomyia pictipes. . Coquillet Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxv, 102. lack, opake, gray pruinose, sparsely white pilose. Frons at anten- | of abdominal segments dilated laterally then becoming narrow over on to the ventral lobes, then dilating to the ventral mar- ter and legs, except femora and tibiae above and tarsi apically, itietenesl joint narrow, elongate, about four times as long as id; style half as long as third joint. Abdominal spiracles prominent, ng. Anal cell open. Length, 2.5 mm. Type—?, Williams, Arizona, May 29, 1902 (H. S. Bar- r), (U.S. N. M. No. 6196]. Paratype—t @, topotypical Thave seen a @ Catal Springs, Arizona, Apr. 14 (Hubbard ~ & Schwarz), [U. S. N. M. Coll.] ; also a ¢, Alamogordo, New _ Mexico, Apr. 20, 1902 (Rehn & Viereck), [A. N. S. P. Coll.]. wale SAL; =p yia tibialis. 806. Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xviii, 409. _ y@02. Melander, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxviii, 338. 8s Black, gray pruinose, especially beneath; white pilose, especially tony ‘on occiput and abdomen. Frons, face, cheeks, humeri, notopleural St oe spot, halteres, hypopygium largely, knees and bases of ce hh yellow or whitish. ; ae owpphcomtd joint three times as long as broad, tapering to the style ; latter one-third length of third joint. Mesonotum opake black __ with a broad medial shining submetallic stripe. Abdomen opake black, rt i elongate, narrow. Hind tarsi with rounded notch as in armata but with- . out tibial spur. Anal cell open. Length, 3.5 mm. 4 2. Unknown. 454 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., "15 Type—é, Los Angeles County, California, July (D. W. Coquillett), [U. S. N. M. No. 3190]. ‘Mythicomyia rileyi. 1893. Coquillett, Ent. News, iv, 200. 1902. Melander, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxviii, 338. @. Black, rather densely gray pruinose. Occiput above and ocellar tubercle behind white. Frons, face, cheeks, oral margin, humeri, post- alar and notopleural line, pleural spots, halteres, narrow apices of abdominal segments, apices of femora, bases of tibiae and tarsi, whitish; apices of tibiae brown. Third antennal joint lanceolate, scarcely broader than second, three times as long as broad; style cylindrical, half as long as third. (An- tennae of type missing.) Hind tarsi notched at base. Anal cell open. Hypopygium shining, exserted, larger than preceding segment. Length, 1.5 to 2.0 mm. Q. Similar, but lower frons, broad notopleural stripe, scutellum ex- cept discal spot, all legs, including coxae, yellow. Proboscis twice as long as head. Type, Kern County, California, May (D. W. Coquil- lett), [U. S. N. M.]. ! 7 This species seems very closely allied to tibialis, but is much smaller, the legs are lighter, the hypopygium is black and the abdomen not velvety black. I have seen another male in the U. S. National Museum from Mesilla, New Mexico, Apr. 22 (T. D. A. Cockerell; on Erigeron flowers). ‘There are before me 24, 52, from Ala- mogordo, New Mexico, Apr. 23, 1902, which seem to be the same, and from which the above description of the female was drawn. The males, however, have the hypopygium inconspic- uous, and one of them has no white on the ocellar tubercle. Mythicomyia armipes new species. Figs. 5 and 6. 4. Black; frons except, ocellar tubercle, face, cheeks, humeri, post- alar calli, pleural marks, halteres, apices of abdominal segments, apical half of fore femora, apices of middle and hind femora, fore tibiae ex- cept a medial spot and apices, bases of middle tarsi and wing veins, yellow. Wings hyaline. Opake; occiput, lateral margins of mesonotum, pleurae, lateral mar- gins and apical segments of abdomen and femora grayish. Third antennal joint three times as long as broad; style half as long as third. Abdomen elongate; hypopygium inconspicuous. Legs long, ihe long SIC Gown tetowine join we notch. Basal joint hind shorter than following joint with a large notch at its base Ana! cell open: sixth veim weak. Length, 1.7 mm. Bs, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Sept. 25, 1895 (T. D. ll), (U. S. N. M. No. 19925]. Sis cleo uncacally lag sad. slender wish the istic black swelling at its middle. I am not aware F these characters exist in tibialis Coq. or not. tic yia armata new species. Fig. 3. Black, thinly gray pruinose. Frons, face, cheeks, oral margin, er pleural line and post-alar and pleural spots, halteres, apices d 1 segments, venter, apical half of fore and of middle fem- ra, hin SETI Gheest kneel epot, all tiblee and bases of tagel, yellow. tennal joint ovate twice as long as second; style cylindrical, half as long as third. Hind tibiae with a long apical spur, the tarsal notch (Fig. 3). Anal cell open. Length, 1.7 to : mat ’@—é, Highrolls, New Mexico, May 30, [A. N. S. P. i r ‘Ac apecimen before me from the Yosemite Valley, Califor- es a, lacks the antennae, but it is evidently this species. “is * “the a of the hind tibia, which is no doubt functional in . 3 » with the tarsal notch, is very characteristic of this cis Tapicles. It i is not present in any other species known to me, LF at least as strongly developed as here. Usually such spurs are 'g ’ panes and scarcely noticeable. iS -) 456 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Dec., 15 Mythicomyia atra new species. @. Black, shining, but faintly pruinose in certain aspects, sparsely _ white pilose. Frontal triangle, face, cheeks, humeri, narrow notopleu- ral line, faint post-alar spot, narrow posterior margin of mesopleural, halteres and spot below, narrow apices of abdominal segments and knees, yellow. Slender species. Proboscis shorter than head. Third antennal joint two and one-half times as long as second, hardly as broad, attenuated apically; style one-third as long as third, cylindrical, pointed. Face very short and cheeks very narrow. Legs slender with hind tibiae and tarsi normal. Hypopygium inconspicuous. Anal cell broadly open and anal vein evanescent. Length, 1.7 to 2.2 mm. @. Unknown. Type. 6, Highrolls, New Mexico, May 31, 1902 [A. N.S. P. No. 6099]. Homotypes—2 ¢, Alamogordo, New Mexico, April. Allied to tibialis, but the hind tarsi are not notched, and the prunosity very faint. <40> —3or- Twenty-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Economic Entomologists. The 28th annual meeting of the American Association of Economic Entomologists will be held at Columbus, Ohio, December 27 to 30, 1915. The sessions will be called to order in the Botany and Zoology Hall at the Ohio State University. The opening session will be held at 1:30 P. M. Monday, December 27, when the annual reports and address of the President will be delivered. On Monday evening the section on Apiary ae will hold a meeting at 8:00 P. M. The Association will continue its meetings on Tuesday at 10:00 A. M. and 1:30 P. M.; on Wednesday at 1:30 P. M., and the final session will be held Thdredag at 10:00 A. M. The section on Horticultural Inspection will hold its meeting on Tuesday at 8:00 P. M. and Wed- nesday at 10:00 A. M. Hotel headquarters of the Association will be at the Sous Hotel on South High St. A smoker will be tendered by the Ohio ctkimdascaune to all visiting entomologists on Wednesday evening after the public address before the Entomological Society of America. A large and varied program of papers will be presented and many members have already signified their intention to attend the meeting.— A. F. Burcess, Secretary. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 457 mapters Urthoptera Found in the Vicinity of Miami, Florida, in March, 1915—(Part Il). _____ By Morcan Hesarn, Philadelphia, Pa. a (Plate XX.) TETTIGONIIDAE, i phslangiam (Scudder). Southside, Miami, III, 16, 1915, 1 ‘H.; undergrowth of pine woods), 1 very small juv. tay specimen (length 2.8 mm.), with its very long i antennae, looked like a bit of greenish white fluff. fa marginella (Serville). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, +4 aos 5, 1915, (H.; beaten from heavy shrubbery in dense jun- gle), 1 juv. @. Th length of this immature individual is 14.2 mm. uc texensis Saussure and Pictet. Southside, Miami, III, ey 16, 1915, (H.), 24, 2 juv. $, 3 juv. 9, 1 very small _—. a species is widely distributed and locally not uncommon int @ undergrowth of the pine woods. Four instars are rep- i by the immature material before us. te Sieve Saussure and Pictet. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, — ig U1, 5, 1915, (H.; beaten from heavy shrubbery in dense 74 i jungle), 1 very small juv. nee Careful and long continued work on two days, including Gs — y hours constant beating, secured this single small speci- Ms (lent 8 mm.) at a point but a short distance from the ot at which Mr. Wm. T. Davis captured an adult male on mber 22, 1913, the first record for the genus and species a the United States.*? In spite of the immature condition 2 the present specimen, the distinctive generic features are ay recognizable and the adult from the same spot fixes sat- _ isfactorily the specific identity as well. ‘The beating work necessary to secure this specimen was _ particularly trying, as during the entire time the only other _. of Orthoptera secured were the immature example _ of Stilpnochlora marginella recorded above and a very small Recorded by Wm. T. Davis, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXII, p. = 197. (1914). < to 9) at a ea. “se a A . 705 we 458 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 immature specimen of a Tettigoniid genus, which we believe has not yet been recorded from this region but which we can not determine from the material at hand. Amblycorypha floridana floridana Rehn and Hebard. Virginia Key, III, 11, 1915, (H.; beaten from luxuriant vegetation), 1 very small juv. Cape Florida, Key Biscayne, III, 12, 1915, (H.; luxuriant vegetation in clearing), 2 juv. Q. The Cape Florida specimens have been bred; the larger when taken, reached maturity March 22; the other, which was very small when taken, became adult May 13. Amblycorypha uhleri Stal. Southside, Miami, III, 6, 1915, (H.; un- dergrowth of pine woods), 1 juv. ¢. Microcentrum rhombifolium (Saussure). Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; on shrubbery, stridulating at night), 2 ¢. This insect was not uncommon about the town in the trees and shrubbery, as could be determined on warm evenings by the frequently heard stridulations. On nights when the tem- perature fell at dusk below 65° (normally an infrequent con- dition at Miami, but the usual occurrence at the time the col- lections here studied were made) all Orthopteran stridulations ceased. Microcentrum rostratum Rehn and Hebard. Southside, Miami, IIT, 6, 1915, (H.; undergrowth in pine woods near hammock where occasional low green bushes were to be found), 1 9, na O- Belocephalus sabalis Davis. Miami, VII, 11 and VIII, 19, 1904, (W. S. Dickinson), 2 juv. 9. [Hebard Cln.]. 3 Southside, Miami, III, 6, 1915, (H.; undergrowth in pine woods), 2 very small juv. 92 One of the specimens from Southside has been kept alive and is flourishing on a diet principally composed of lettuce. Its actions show how absolutely nocturnal the species is; this 13Two females recorded from Miami and Chokoloskee, as sub- afterus (the only species of the genus at that time described) by Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, p. 44. (1905.) can at the present moment not be found. There is little doubt that these records are erroneous, as that species is not known and is probably not present in extreme southern Florida. The specimens probably represent this, the most generally distributed species in this region. The female from Miami was from the same collection as the immature females here recorded. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 459 esting rigid in some concealed position during the h cephalic limbs and antennae directed straight forward : and caudal limbs straight backwatd, but at ; moving actively about and extremely alert and rapid in : Ve have before us two large immature females of this spe- 2 by E. A. Schwarz at Cocoanut Grove, Florida, in 1887, and two adult brown females taken by the same ectc eerie that year in Dade County. The female of ts closely resembles the male in all features common l sexes, the ovipositor is decidedly shorter than in B. and is weakly upcurved. The measurements of eee: length of body 34.2 and 39.5, of vertex th to tip 3.1 and 3.3, of pronotum 9. and 9.9, of expos- n of tegmen 1.8 and 2.2, of caudal femur—and 21.8, 15.2 and 16.2, width of tegmen 2.3 and 2.6 mm. concinnum Scudder. South of Brickell’s Hammock, if ‘Miami, ITI, 3, 1915, (H.; very few juv. in salt marsh), 1 very small juv. 9. ae whe very small immature examples seen were probably | yj very first of this species to appear. In July, the marshes of this region swarm with the young of this species. ¢ oe ‘ - sis gracillimus (Morse). Southside, Miami, TII, 6 and ie ~—s«:16, 1915, (H.; locally not scarce in heavier patches of low a. undergrowth and grasses in the pine woods), 9 3,1 9, 2 juv. 9. Of the above series the adult female alone has the face, lover portions of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, pleura, @. portion of abdomen, basal half of ovipositor and the brilliant green (Scheele’s green), the other specimens have these portions isabella color varying to yellowish olive. - Odontoxiphidium apterum Morse. Miami Beach, III, 12, 1915, ryt (H.; one specimen in beach vegetation back of strand), 1 _-——sWeery small juv. Southside, Miami, III, 6, 1915, (H.; beaten from undergrowth of pine woods), 1 very small juv. Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hebard. Southside, Miami, (H.; rare but widely distributed through undergrowth of pine woods), III, 6; 1915, 4 juv. 2, III, 16, 1915, 1 8, 3 juv. ¢. These immature individuals were kept alive and all but one ‘successfully reached maturity, the dates being April 12, 13, Be : : af: rf « 460 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 715 17, 18, 20, 22 and 24. Two specimens were, when taken, in the next to the last instar preceding maturity ; these were the last two to become mature. The species was very scarce but widely distributed, all of the work undertaken on two days in the pine woods being with the main purpose of securing this insect. GRYLLIDAE, Scapteriscus abbreviatus Scudder. Musa Isle, III, 4 and 10, 1915, (H.), 3 6,5 9, 16 juv. in four last instars. The soft fat abdomen of this species is in life whitish and distinctly paler than the hard portions of the insect. The present series was dug out of sandy soil in a grape fruit grove during the afternoon. Individuals were found to burrow but a few inches beneath the surface of the ground, coming to the surface to feed beneath decaying grape fruit. Scarcely any were seen in the burrows frequently disclosed upon overturning grape fruit and these instantly disappeared in the burrows. ‘The series was taken by rapidly overturning the soil in the vicinity of such debris and also in areas of scant weeds and about the roots of grape fruit shoots. In many places nothing was found, while in a few spots a number of individuals would be exposed, though everywhere the ground was tunnelled by these insects. Everywhere about Miami in sandy soil the insect, which is locally called “‘cricket-mole’’, is said to do decided damage, particularly to farm truck. One of the older inhabitants in- formed the author that he remembered when these insects were not found in this region and that they had been acci- dentally introduced in manure from Key West. Ellipes minuta (Scudder). South of Brickell’s Hammock, III, 3, 1915, (H.; scarce in salt marsh near border), 1 $,1 Q. These individuals have the wings concealed by the tegmina. Cryptoptilum antillarum (Redtenbacher). North edge of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; under bark of live oak while searching for Obligacanthopus prograptus), 1 Q, 1 juv. 9 in last instar. Cape Florida, Key Biscayne, III, 12, 1915, (H.; beaten from luxuriant vegetation in clearing), 1 juv. é in early instar. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 461 tilum trigonipalpum Rehn and Hebard. Brickell’s Ham- ‘mock, Miami, III, 15, 1915, (H.), 1 2,1 9, 2 juv. @ in inter- lediate instar, 2 juv. 2 in two intermediate instars. is entire series was found on a chilly morning under the of Exothea paniculata at about ten feet from the ground, ; tree trunk were touching leaves from an adjacent . Under the loose bark of the same tree Oligacanthopus aptus and Orocharis gryllodes were found. zebra Rehn and Hebard. North edge of Brickell’s mock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.), 2 juv. 4, 1 juv. @, in of = carly instars. 3 specimens were found in low vegetation about the yf live oaks in an open grove, while searching on these $s for Oligacanthopus prograptus. ing nthopus prograptus Rehn and Hebard. (Pl. XVIII, figs. 2A, 8B.) North edge of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, mo. 1 juv. $,1 juv. @. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, Sand 15, 1915, (H.),7 2,59, 20 juv. 4,18 juv. 2. South _ edge of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (H.), 1 @, > 19,1 juv. 2, 2 juv. 9. present series of fifty-seven specimens was taken by pe off loose bark on two typical trees of the hammock | a Exothea paniculata and Coccolobis laurifolia, and on iipaks, Quercus virginions, a few of which latter trees are cattered through the pine woods on the south border of 1¢ hammock and groves of which are distributed along the h edge of the hammock. Often several trees would be thor- aly examined without success, but usually two or three imens would be found and rarely six or seven, on the same . When revealed, the tiny insects either fell with the bark a. remained usually motionless when they could easily be € made to jump into the beating net, which was held below the _ Spot under investigation to catch the bark and any specimens Smarr might fall with it. Without such use of a net the species _ would prove very difficult to capture. The species is appar- ently wholly nocturnal and individuals probably seldom leave z the tree trunks. This latter is indicated by the peculiar sil- J very general coloration of the insects, mottled and speckled with dark brown, which blends perfectly with the bark of the ; trees upon which they are found, but which would cause them : " * 462 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 15 to be conspicuous under many other environmental conditions. The present species was hitherto known only from the unique female type, taken from under a sign on a live oak on the north border of Brickell’s Hammock by the author on February 16, 1904.14 Allotype: & ; Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, Florida, March 5, 1915. (Hebard; under bark of E-xothea paniculata.) [Hebard Collection. ] Description of Allotype. Very similar in size and form to the type. Pronotum with dorsum transversely very gently arcuate, curving sharply laterad, cephalic and caudal width equal, this dimension slight- ly less than length, lateral outlines of disk weakly convex, cephalic margin weakly concave, caudal margin very weakly convex and nearly straight. As in the female sex, no tegmina or wings are developed. Every portion of the insect is heavily clothed with scales excepting the eyes, cephalic portion of the face, mouth-parts and antennae. Titil- latores represented by minute, elongate projections which are cylin- drical, straight, tapering distad gently to apex which reaches above depressed distal portion of roughly shield-shaped supra-anal plate. Sub-genital plate transverse, with distal margin broadly arcuate. Color pattern distinctive as in the type, with which the allotype agrees in all other characters given in the original description. Coloration. As in the type, the series before us shoes the four parallel vertical dark bars on the vertical cephalic face of the inter- antennal protuberance, some specimens have these bars unusually heavy but in no case do they fuse. The absence of some of the scales in the type made the normal color pattern, produced by the light and dark scales, indistinguishable. This is found to be constant in the series before us and is illustrated by the accompanying figure of the allotype. We also figure the cephalic aspect of the head of this specimen, as this figure of the type accompanying the original description is very badly out of proportion. These features of coloration are found the same in the five instars of the immature condition before us. Measurements (in millimeters) , Length of Lengthof Caudal width Length of Length of body pronotum of pronotum caudalfemur ovipositor Allotype By ..s.ceee 6.4 a7 1.6 3.8 ooee Topotypic #,(7)... 6.2-6-7 1.5-1.7 1.4-1.6 8.7-4.2 as TYPR, Sivickes eeskge 615 1.5 1.4 3.7 2.5 Topotypic 9,(6)... -6.-6.7 1.6-1.7 1.6-1.7 4.1-4.3 2.7-3 14Fully described by Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 219. (1912.) 15 With the original description this measurement is given as 5.8 mm. as the authors supposed that the head was carried with dorsal surface declivent distad. We find that the head is carried horizontally, with occiput partially concealed by the pronotum but with distal por- tion of occiput, interantennal space and dorsum of vertex, in the same plane with the dorsum of the pronotum. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 463 f erie: s, the last instar preceding maturity is repre- a a ipidlenate oh kody evetiasieie theant& 60 ovlodaee BUS rete sy 2's 7 2 (length of body averaging : , of ovipositor .7 mm.); the second from the last instar by SUMING St bady-avurneing shen 4g/sok; ovigusleor valve d br ‘mot extruded); the third from the last instar by 2 $, 2 2 1 of boy averaging about 4 mm., ovispositor valves not yet f), and fourth from the last instar by 2 °, (length of body aver- it 3.3 mm., ovipositor valves not yet joined). obius alleni (Morse). Mangrove swamp, edge of Brick- a | Hammock, Miami, III, 15 and 16, 1915, (H.; bare muck % ind tidal litter in red mangrove swamp), 1 ¢, 7 2, 4 juv. 8 6 juv. 9. series, which constitutes the first record for the genus United States, has recently been recorded and fully 1 upon by the present author.” Sieg Snitividuats ‘eprescad’ three’ insths: the instar pre- ce g maturity by 2 2 (length of body averaging approximately 48 ‘mm.), the previous instar by 2 4, 2 @ (length of body averaging pprox’ ely 3.7 mm., male tegmina large and rounded, wings minute) iaiaed from the lest instar by 2 8, 2 2 (length of body aver- ng soni $4'mm, male tegmina and wings very small and a 4 ag ve P The _ Nemot us ambitiosus Scudder. North edge of Brickell’s Ham- e Ae ‘mock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; moderately numerous in Ee: debris tinder low vegetation along borders of live oak 7 rg groves), 1 4,1 juv. é. e n cubensis cubensis Saussure. Cape Florida, Key Bis- Se _eayne, ITI, 12, 1915, (H.; bare muck in red mangrove _—s« Swamp), 2 3, 1 . "These specimens are brachypterous and unusually small for peal Though very dark in general coloration with limbs much mottled, the female is further unusual in having a “the exposed portion of the dorsal surface of the abdomen ___ bearing four rows of distinct pale yellowish spots, which mark- ing is the normal condition in the otherwise very distinct N. eF - carolinus and its races. Nemobius carolinus carolinus Scudder. Miami Beach, III, 12, 1915, (H.; only Orthoptera seen after long continued search pe + in red mangrove swamp, on bare muck under roots), 1 ¢@, ‘4 18 Ent. News, XXVI, p. 195. (1915-) 464 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 1 2. Virginia Key, III, 11 and 15, 1915, (H.; locally com- mon in dense red mangrove swamp on sodden leaves under a labyrinth of roots), 10 ¢, 7 9, 7 juv. , 8 juv. @. Cape Florida, Key Biscayne, III, 12, 1915, (H.; only specimens seen on bare muck of red mangtove swamp), 1 9, 1 juv. 9. This series is exceptionally dark in general coloration, show- ing the response to the black muck environment of the red mangrove swamps. In the females, the abdominal color pat- tern, usually so distinct, has reached the maximum of recession we have observed in this race, the pale spots being wholly ob- scured and so reduced that only traces of them may be de- tected with a hand lens. As a result these specimens bear a close superficial resemblance to typical N. cubensis cubensis, from which species they are not only separated by several very important characters but also may be further distinguish- ed by the paler and more unicolorous limbs and from the nor- mal condition of that race by the maxillary palpi which in carolinus have a great portion of the terminal and penultimate joints very pale. All of the specimens are brachypterous but one of the females from Virginia Key has elongate tegmina. The specimens from Miami Beach are large, the other adults are unusually small excepting two males from Virginia Key which are of medium size. Though abundant locally at Vir- ginia Key, individuals were found to be exceedingly active and difficult to capture, much more so than Hygronemobius alleni,"” but considerable efforts were made to secure a large series owing to the evidently abnormal coloration of the in- sects. Anurogryllus muticus (De Geer). Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 5 to 15, 1915, (H.; trapped, molasses jar), 1 large juv. 3}. This species is here recorded from a definite locality in Flor- ida for the first time. Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius). Musa Isle, III, 4, 1915, (H.; under board in pen), 1 g. . This specimen is macropterous and represents the pennsyl- vanicus variant of the species. 17 This more tropical form may, however, be more decidedly af- fected by cold weather such as was experienced at the time these specimens were taken. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 465 5 Walker). The characteristic, very rapid, Toe ak this species was heard in buildings both at i Beach and Miami, but no efforts were made to cap- Titethnene. ph: scia™ new species (Pl. XX, figs. 3A-3D). y related to A. vittata,” differing i in the uniform dark proportionately longer and more attenuate limbs ines of the caudal femora. The tegminal cross-veinlets ne female are also more distinct than in that species or py darpneaian pulicaria. : 2 ; red mangrove swamp on edge of Brickell’s Ham- Miami, Florida, March 16, 1915. (Hebard; among above black muck, sodden leaves and tidal litter.) i) Collection, Type No. 404.] of Type. Size small, form rather slender for the genus to that of witteta but with limbs proportionately longer). ad, pronotum and ovipositor as in vittata. Limbs more elongate ad onately more slender than in that species. Caudal tibiae Hh doral margins supplied with tree pairs of long alternating ies which are all distinctly longer than the spaces intervening be- m their bases. Distal extremity of caudal femora supplied with ST neds cad’ core dechdoliy. languctuterent tpene: of the three the dorsal is so small that it can scarcely be detected a lens, while the median is the longest and about half as asthe ventro-internal, which is about three-fifths as long as the ; spur (in these characters agreeing with vittatus but tarsi longer). Caudal metatarsus elongate, one and one-quarter as long as the longest tibial spur and equalling in length the tibial spine. Tegmina much as in vittata but with cross-vein- few but distinct; wings not apparent. Coloration distinctive. Allotype: @ ; same data as type excepting date, March 15, —e : Description of Allotype. Agrees with type in all characters com- mon to both sexes. Tegmina similar to those of vittata and pulicaria. - ea * & = on ee ae ¥ : ms iy oe ee body pronotum pronot. tegmen femur cau. fem. metatarsus ss Allatype, 2 52 Li wy 45 47 13 43 1. p> Eve, 9 52 Ll 16 33 47 12 44 1. 8 From oxud = a shadow. In reference to the dark habitat of this obscure species. In regard to the generic status of this a see a full discus- sion in a forthcoming paper by Rehn and Hebard. 466 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 The width of the dorsal field of the male tegmen is 2 mm.; in the female the ovipositor length is 2.7 mm. Coloration. Identical in both sexes. General coloration of head and pronotum sepia, the ventral portion of the interantennal protuberance — marked with a narrow perpendicular median line of a paler shade (Saccardos umber). Antennae, maxillary palpi, tegmina and limbs Saccardos umber, the caudal tibiae mottled on the dorso-external two- thirds with sepia and a small but distinct spot of the same color disto- ’ dorsad on the internal face at the termination of the swollen proximal portion of the limb. Immature individuals before us are similar but have a more distinct color pattern with a narrow medio-longitudinal - and broad postocular pale parallel bars on head and pronotum and with the face pale, showing in sepia the normal color pattern found in the allied species of the genus as well. In addition to the type and allotype, we have an immature pair be- fore us taken in the same place and on the same dates. This species was found to be exceedingly scarce in a heavy red mangrove swamp, where individuals were located among the roots of these trees in places which at high tide were more than a foot under water. In such dark situations, where no green thing was to be seen, these sombre little insects were found to be so active in their movements that another adult seen was lost while the adult pair secured was taken only through rare good fortune. Anaxipha imitator (Saussure).2° (Pl. XX, figs. 4A-4D). Edge of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 15 and 16, 1915, (H.), 41 3, 27 9, 3 juv. @, 8 juv. 9, several instars represented. This species, hitherto known only from Cuba, was found abundantly in the narrow border of sloping ground between the jungle of Brickell’s Hammock and the red mangrove swamp. There, on the ground among a litter of the dried leaves of a species of wild coffee, Psychotria nudata, individuals were found jumping and flying nimbly about. The insects never flew more than a foot or two from the ground, in flight sug- gesting numerous species of small tropical roaches. The spe- cies appeared to be absolutely limited to this very narrow area which would explain its not being previously known from this region. Immature individuals in all stages and adults were found in about equal numbers. At 11 A. M. on a cloudy 20 See footnote 19 in re the genera Anaxipha and Cyrtoxipha, in which latter genus the present species was placed by Saussure. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 467 em mperature 70°, the few specimens heard stridulat- eda a trilling note, not loud but penetrating ; the trills g one or one and one-half but occasionally two seconds, ¢ normal interval between a little less than one second. & was not nearly as tinkling as that of Cyrtoxipha chi, but still pleasant to the ear. Specimens were easily > « mn owing to the fact that, even if perfectly concealed, they anil made to leave their hiding places by stirring and dead leaves. , FF Measurements (in millimeters) “a of Length of Length of Length of Length of a bet pronotum tegmen = ca femur 5362 Lt 54 7.7-846 ATA #L1 444.7 74-78 4.34.7 i iieactes is closely related to the tropical American species ma and angusticollis and isa member of a large group of species peel genus, no other of which is known from the United States. os . most striking features of the species are: the broad lateral eeepc tiger ‘across the lateral lobes of the pronotum and include all of the ral fields of the tegmina and exposed portions of the wings when ee wee i in both sexes and very ample tegmina in . le ; Ag short widely separated spines of the caudal tibiae; ong caudal res and proportionately very short distal tarsal the maxillary palpi which have the terminal joint expand- in the proximal half, but strongly in the remaining distal -— @ gundiachi Saussure. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, “€ end 5, 1915, (H.; song heard on all sides after dusk, speci- mens beaten from foliage), 1 4, 2 juv. $, 1 minute juv. Virginia Key, III, 11, 1915, (H.; heard everywhere through ved mangroves and in strand shrubbery, beaten from bushy «Scrub near strand), 1 ¢, 1 juv. 9. Cape Florida, Key Bis- __—_—s cane, ITI, 12, 1915, (heard abundantly in red mangrove and other heavy leaved trees), none taken. _ The very pleasant tinkling song of this species is to be heard + moet everywhere on warm evenings about Miami. - Hapithus agitator quadratus Scudder. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 4 and 5, 1915, (H.; adults scarce, immature individuals common in luxuriant undergrowth), 3 4, 2 9, 3 juv. @. if Virginia Key, III, 15, 1915, (H.; in red mangrove swamp, + on sodden leaves among roots), 1 ?, 1 juv. 9. 468 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Dec., 15 Orocharis saltator Uhler. Fort Capron (Viking), V, 4,1 ¢, [U. S. N. M.]. South of Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (H.; under bark of live oak in pine woods), 1 Q@. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 4, 1915, (H.; under bark of tree), 1 juv. 9. The present species was not eicsetc) known from south of Thomasville, Georgia, from which locality it was recorded as O. gryllodes. All previous records of O. gryllodes from the United States apply to this species.” Orocharis gryllodes (Pallas). 1772. Gryllus gryllodes Pallas, Spicil. Zool., Vol. I, fase. IX, p. 16, Pl. 1, fig. 10. [ @, Jamaica.] 1844. Platydactylus saulcyi Guerin, Iconogr. Régne Anim., Ins., p 330. [2, Martinique.] Unfortunately this distinctive West Indian species has been generally recognized as O. saulcyi, which name is an absolute synonym of gryllodes of Pallas. Not only does a series of Jamaican material before us bear this out, but the original description and figure show conclusively that Pallas’ species was not the insect which Saussure determined as gryllodes. Saussure’s material from the United States and subsequent records of gryllodes from this country have all applied to O. saltator Uhler. Fort Capron (Viking), IV, 1s, [U. S. N. M.]. Miami, III, 4, sors, (H.; small colonies in shrubbery and also in trees about hotels, taken at night), 1 ¢, 2 2. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 4 and 15, 1915, (H.; under bark of Exothea paniculata and Coccolobis laurifolia), 3 6,5 2, 2 juv. 6, 2 juv. 2; 3 very small juv. (these latter. beaten from low vegetation in openings of jungle). The song of this insect was, next to that of Cyrtoxipha gundlachi, the most eth sen tends heard on warm evenings. ular intervals of a rt seconde. When singing, the males were found perched upon the leaves of heavy bushes with tegmina raised high above their backs; considerable difficulty was ex- perienced in locating individual singers. Tafalisca lurida Walker. Brickell’s Hammock, Miami, III, 3, 1915, (A. ; beaten from luxuriant undergrowth), 1 small juv. - & This species 1 will be fully discussed _ in a forthcoming paper by Rehn and Hebard, vi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 469 Ex! ATION oF PLare XX. . Anaxipha scia new species. Miami, Fla. Male (allotype). De outline. (X4). : ae Miami, Fla. Female (type). outl ) aC. The same. Lateral outline of caudal limb, internal. (Great- ly enlarged.) . : gD. same. Lateral outline of ovipositor. (Greatly en- 4A oe imitator (Saussure). Miami, Fla. Male. Dorsal outline. (X4). 48. Anaxipha imitator (Saussure). Miami, Fla. Female. Dor- sal outline. (X4). 4C. The same. Lateral outline of caudal limb, internal. (Great- y enlarged.) oe The same. Lateral outline of ovipositor. (Greatly en- larged.) — Number of Generations per Year of the it Diades (ymin By Put Rav, St. Louis, Mo. two species of the mud-daubing wasps, Sceliphron Pelo, ) caementarium and Chalybion coeruleum certainly ve two generations a year and perhaps three. If we gather the nests during the winter, the young under conditions, never emerge before May or June. They in the prepupal stage, and while their life cycle is from September or even August, until June, they pass th the same development as the summer brood. There ne t difference between the adults that have gone i h the long and the short periods of development. We * mt a never found any of these insects hibernating as adults, aie sor have we ever seen an adult after the first of October. August i is usually the dividing line of the year. Nests taken a the early part of August give forth their adults in the same ‘or in the following month; those taken in the latter part of ian the month give forth their adults the next year in May or June. ‘The table below is compiled from notes on nests taken at this i< critical period : og pi 7 i 470 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’15 Sceliphron caementarium. Nest taken. Date of emergence. No. of insects. August II, 1910. Avigtist 28)" 2090 rs v. Ses aise ack ee ee I August —, IQI0. September, IOI!) Gis eee | ce 2 August 21, IQII. June, “POT2! Sb 3 August 21, IQII. JUNE, TOT sitike alee aus bale we ee ee 3 August 21, IQII. JG: SOUS Gai iets hiss wate s Sika I August 21, IQII. JURE, TOTB 2 ns nko aikies ones a ee 2 August 21, IQII. JUNE, FORD coiscss ss sists + Aes Cee 9 August 21, I9QII. JURE COED Tein eee, oda 9 Rare 5 August 21, IQII. JU, TORR oS, ca inck a Sai ath sd ce I August 21, IQII. JUNG TOTS oes che vs eed ats an Coa ee I August 21, IQII. JUNG, SOUR cic ccc deena a ty: ene 2 August 21, IQII. FURS, TORS oaks vps ok «on 3 August 20, 1900. JUNE 22) TOIO hi ped vue ER 2 August 23, I9II. JUNE, TOL bee idee de esa I August 21, IQII. JUNe 20,22, 1O%2 sc. s0s owes ae ee 2 August 21, IQII. jute 22-28 1012 oe a ee 3 August 21, Igrt. JUme BA, TOTS oes svc evn + a'e ot I September 10, 1911; |. Jtames. LOIS 50 464 ia ndns ds vc aeoe a eee 5 september 10,; 1611. FU TOFS sia eee wuce vous y oe ee 3 Chalybion coeruleum. August 21, 1911. June. IOTS eee ye weenie ee 4 August 21, IQII. June; TOU isseiss i's tes +50 eee eee I This is evidence sufficient to show that about August 21, or a little before (since the above dates are when the nests were taken and not when constructed), is the date when eggs then deposited are destined to give adults in the spring. We are sure that temperature is an important factor controlling the time of hibernation, since cocoons removed from the nests in . January and kept in the living room gave forth their adults in March. It would be interesting to find whether it is possible to get the winter brood (that is the eggs deposited in August or Sep- tember) to emerge in September or October by placing them in an incubator. Those which normally emerge in August or September must necessarily be destined to short lives and probably have insufficient longevity to build and oviposit com- pletely. A problem of equal inerest in this connection is whether the insects of the first generation carry a greater number of eggs than those of the last generation, in order that they may utilize the summer to the benefit of the race. We have found that all of the wasps that hibernate in the cells, emerge in May or June; they begin nesting almost at once. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 471 n wasps emerge in July, we know that they are the We have the following data on the subject > Date of emergence. No. of insects uly i» BG cines bodes Seka nen Y I ge he Tg, he ee eee 5 ul OS S8, BOR Vee. sas tel 20. 6 Se Wk BE; SOME as ohisatn des oi mo plete we 4 Chalybion coeruleum. he two — above show that the first summer generation . through its life cycle in less than a month. Hence one see no reason why, under the same climatic conditions, we 1 | not pave another generation following this, covering y-August period, and this third generation leave behind ¢ ting which hibernate. would be very difficult to solve this problem precisely, ce in in the latter part of the summer the wasps of all the ions are mingled in their work. : , Synonymical Notes (Lep.). pape: hey New Heterocera by Frank Haimbach, which boas ¢ Entomological News, Vol. XXVI, P. 32t, 1915, the author has tel: created several synonyms o estern species, owing to oe saree papers by Dr. Dyar and our- | overlooked. ue x heen appares sre is a synonym of Ercta desmialis B. & r Cont. N. Hist. N. Am. am, Le. II (6) 225, 1914). thraus montana Haim. falls before Ms thrausta harlequinalis - (Insecutor Insc. Menst. I, p. 100, 1913). : Haim. is the same arm as Cord 7 eza nigri- i. es & McD. Cont. . Hist. N. Am. Lep. Il, (3) p. 134, ’ eK - _ sig name gpa we took in doubt, oe = far as car ae species looks suspiciously like a ay yet Vt eliades mulleolella Hist., which is in Dr. Dyar’s list “ts 4 wron; y placed as a synonym of Arta statalis Grt. An examination of th should of course at once settle the question as to i * whet! “ine species is a Chrysaugid or a Pyraustid and we should be ‘to hear Mr. Haimbach on the subject. wenselana Haim., described from a single Q should be Raeteterred to the genus Platynota. The species is closely allied to “nigrocervina Wishm. and has been standing in the Barnes collection under a manuscript name of Kearfott’s; this never having been pub- wenselana Haim. will of course "replace it—J. McDunnouc#, - lished, Pa.D., Decatur, Illinois. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADLPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, IQI5. The Financial Status of Scientific Journals. There are over a hundred journals and proceedings devoted to the publication of research work in America, not one of which pays its expenses on a regular business basis....Indirectly they are now subsidized by the work of contributors and editors supported by endowed or tax-supported institutions and by subscriptions to public libraries —Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 87, p. 311. EntTomo.tocicat, News has been conducted for twenty-six years on what we considered a self-supporting basis—that is, the expenses of publication have always been covered by the subscriptions and advertisements—but under the definition given in the Popular Science Monthly it may not be considered to be conducted on a business basis. . The only person to receive pay is the printer. To be on a “business basis” the editors, advisory committee and contribu- tors should be paid and the journal should not be sold to any institutions tax-supported or endowed. This appears to be the money age and money is considered necessary for all sci- entific work. As a matter of fact, money, up to date, has been largely a failure as a factor in the advancement of sci- ence, as the great discoveries have been made without its help. On the other hand, an immense amount of poor and useless work has been subsidized by money. The true advance will be made in spite of every obstacle and it yet remains to be proven that money is not largely a failure as a sine qua non in science and natural history. EntTomo.ocicaL News then is not on a “business basis” and not likely to be in the near future; yet it manages to do what some of our friends consider excellent work for entomology. —H. S. 472 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 473 wae ra Notes and News. ‘OMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. "Parasite of Bellura obliqua G. and R. (Lep., Dip.) lany larvae of Bellura obliqua havé been collected by myself and by r collectc — of Newark for many years without find- trace o y, which is about two weeks longer than ed in the vicinity of Newark have On the 17th of May, three dead larvae were on examining them it was noticed that a parasite were found every day there- its deadly work. Dead il the number reached twenty-nine out of the forty, showing venty-five per cent. parasitized. of the which turned out to be Hypostena tor- eat out the substance of the host until only the skin is some cases cat through a part of the skin. Some leave the others pupate within the skin of the dead host. almost impossible for parasites of this order to reach the obliqua as this species feeds in Typha (Cat-tails), but it ob ab taney ate atincked, but another iari be so abundant in one place and unknown é H. Breume, Newark, New Jersey. _ Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm. in New Jersey (Col.). “This known as the “Pitted Ambrosia Beetle” and recorded in he tts of New Jersey” from Eagle Rock and Cape May, was found “Se 8th, at Somerville, N. J., where it was infesting Rhododen- —— dron maximum, Kalmia sanifotie and Azalea mollis. The work of the - nsec indicated by a wing and wilting of the leaves, followed eth of the piont. The dead shoots break off eas an account of this species in the 29th Report of the ist of wig Bnd: Museum Bull., 175, the beetles enter : si*? the stem. In one infested azalea stem collected at the above date, fifteen adults and three pupae were operations of the insect appear to be confined mostly to shaded situations where there is an abundant mulch, in was true of the infestation at Somerville. Mr. E. A. Schwarz, Other ras, dogwood, hazel, huckleberry . The only remedy is to cut y do mot bemk oft of inj and allow some of the beetles to escape—Harry B. . ~Werss, N ick, N. J. A74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Dec., 15 The Entomological Society of America: Announcement of the Ninth Annual Meeting. The ninth annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America will be held in Columbus, Ohio, Wednesday and Thursday, December 29 and 30, and on Friday morning, December 31, if the number of papers be sufficient to warrant it, in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science and other societies. Meetings will begin at 2.00 P. M. on Wednesday. The meetings of the American Association of Economic Entomologists will begin Mon- day afternoon with other meetings on Tuesday and Wednesday and Thursday morning. The by-laws provide that there shall be held at the annual meeting a technical exhibit of entomological materials and methods. Any photographs, drawings, specimens, novelties, apparatus, or other mat- ter of interest to entomologists will be heartily welcomed. This ex- hibit will remain open during the entire period of the meetings, for the examination at their leisure, of those interested. The exhibit will be under the charge of the local representative of the Society. Ship packages to Prof. J. S. Hine, Ohio State University, Columbus, O. The annual business meeting will be held Thursday morning, De- cember 30th, for the reports of the executive committee, the treasurer, the auditing committee, the election of new members, the election of officers, and the transaction of all other business. The Annual Public Address will be given on Wednesday evening, December 29th, by Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist. Subject: “A Review of Applied Entomology in the British Empire.” The entomologists of Ohio are planning a smoker for the visiting ento- mologists, which will be held probably immediately after the address. It is impossible to give any information at this date as to whether reduced fares will be available to Columbus or not. Practically all ticket agents are provided with tariff regulations and can tell whether convention rates are available or not. You should inquire of your ticket agent if reduced rates are available and if the certificate form of ticket is used the following should be noted: 1. Tickets at full fare for the GOING journey may be secured within three days (exclusive of Sunday) prior to and during the first three days of the meeting. The advertised dates of the meeting, A. A. A. S., are December 27, 1915 to January 1, 1916. 2. Present yourself at the railroad station for ticket and certificate at least thirty minutes before departure of the train. 3. Certificates are not kept at all stations. If you inquire at your station you will find out whether certificates and through tickets can be obtained to the place of meeting. If not obtainable at your home — ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 475 nthe agent will inform you at what station they can be obtained. n im-such Case purchase a local ticket thence, and there pur- h ticket and secure certificate to place of meeting. Be i Ss when purchasing your going ticket, you request a certificate. sot make the mistake of asking for a receipt. tof 25 cents will be charged at the meeting for validating your No refund of fare will be made on account of failure ficate validated. ¢ hotel headquarters for the members of the Entomological So- ; y 0 of America will be the Southern Hotel, corner Main & S. High The prices for rooms only, per day are as follows: single Ms One person, without bath, $1.50 and up; with bath, $1.50 and AL gs MAcGILLivray, Vernon L. Ketxoss, f Secretary-Treasurer. President. fea , bos f 7 a. += aaa Literature. Com ILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. nder above head it is intended to note fa received St the a cPye ica (North eee hia, m Al the: A. AL to "Ain Heavy-Faced Type refer’ to the in which the papers are publ sad papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their ematic papers are all ped at the end of each treat, and are separated from the rest by 2 dash. ~ Ree ¥ AY title, the aged of new species or forms are n b Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, at Stations, aa? * Slee Review of Applied En- mt egere on on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied “atateascon of the American Entomological Society, Phila- 4—The Canadian Entomologist. 6@—Journal, New York 4 ogical Society. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Maga- ae London. 9—The Entomologist, London. 11—Annals and I of Natural History, London. 12—Comptes Rendus, _ L’Academie des Sciences, Paris. 13—Comptes Rendus, Societe de _ Biologie, Paris. 15—Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, Lon- a don. 16—Bulletin, Socicte Nationale d’Acclimation de France, Paris. 21—The Entomologist’s Record, London. %%—Zoologi- scher Anzeiger, Leipzig. 36—Transactions, Entomological Society of London. 45—Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 74—Na- _ turwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin. 84—Entomologische Rundschav. 89—TZoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 92—Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 97—Zeitschrift fur wissen- 3 \ . SS a oe ee ree . 476 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Dec., 15 schaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102—Proceedings, The Entomolog- ical Society of Washington. 122—Transactions of the City of London Entomological and Natural History Society. 166—Inter- nationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 176—Archiv fur entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen, Leipzig. 179—Journal of Economic Entomology. 180—Annals, Entomological Society of America. 184—Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 186—Journal of Economic Biology, London. 189—Journal of En- tomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 223—Broteria. Revista de Sciencias Naturaes do Collegio de S. Fiel. (Ser. Zoologica). 285—Nature Study Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 292—Acta Universitatis Lundensis (nova series). 3138—Bulletin of Entomological Re- search, London. 824—Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 842—Pennsylvania Health Bulletin, Harrisburg. 368—The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, California. 3869—Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 392—The Irish Naturalist, Dublin. 411—Bulletin, The Brooklyn Entomological Society. 477—The American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, New Orleans. 485—Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, London. 491—Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Decatur, Illinois. 503— Boletin Sociedad Physis, Buenos Aires. 509—Revue Generale des Sciences pures et Appliquees, Paris. GENERAL SUBJECT. Ballou, H. A.—Observations on insect pests in Grenada, 318, vi, 173-181. Blair, K. G.—Notes from the Trenches, 21, 1915, 199-200. Brakeley, J. T.—Obituary by R. P. Dow, 411, x, 84-6. Cockerell, T. D. A.—Sunflower insects, 4, 1915, 280-2. Cooley, R. A.—Comments on organization in agricultural college extension work in economic entomology, 179, viii, 442-49. Davis, W. T.—Long Island collecting notes, 411, x, 79-82. Dow, R. P.—The first insects in the world, 411, x, 69-73. Lameere, L.— L’origine des Societes d’insectes, lecon faite au Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 509, xxvi, 459-64. Marschner, H.—Naturdenk- maler auf dem gebiete der entomologie, 45, 1915, 429-33. Weiss, H. B.—Some curious old beliefs about insects; The insect fauna of the N. J. Coast, 4, 1915, 277-9, 308-9. PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Morgan, T. H.—The predetermination of sex in Phylloxerans and Aphids, 184, xix, 285-322. Stellwaag, F.—Ueber das biogenetische grundgesetz im leben der insektenstaaten, 74, xiv, 426-7. Strindberg, H.—Ueber die bildung und verwendung der keimblatter bei Bombyx mori; Embryologisches ueber Forficula auricularia, 22, xlv, 577-97; 624- 631. Sturtevant, A. H.—Experiments on sex recognition and the problem of sexual selection in Drosophila, 324, v, 351-66. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 477 Anon.—Flies as a factor in infant mortality, 342, ; itzmain, M. B.—An experiment with Stomoxys calci- “ in attempt to transmit a filaria of horses in the Philip- , ii, 759-63. ACHI IDA, ETC. Banks, N.—(See under iFemenoatecnh = H. S.—Migrating armies of Myriopods; Fragmentary notes e-history of the Myriopod, Spirobolus marginatus, 102, 21-3; ; 123-6. Diguet, L.—Nouvelles observations sur le mos- on ou i d’Araignees sociales, 16, 1915, 240-9. Hirst, S—On w Acarine parasites of rats, 313, vi, 183-90. » R-—American species of the genus Atractides [3 n. 1915, 185-8. Mello-Leitao, Dr.—Alguns generos e especies Arancidos do Brasil, 223, xiii, 129-44. EUROF RA, ETC. Banks, N.—(See under Hymenoptera). i Two new sps. of Liothrips (Thysanoptera), 411, x . Ki ly, C. H.—Interesting western Odonata, 180, viii, » C.—Trois insectes parasites des plantes nouveaux tntine et leur distribution geographique, 503, i, 569-72. hall, W. S.—The formation of the middle membrane in the gs of Platyphylax designatus, 180, viii, 201-20. Natzmen, G. V. (See under Hymenoptera). Wallengren, H.—Physiologisch-bio- the studien weber die atmung bei den Arthropoden. III. Die ng der Aeschnalarven, 292, x, No. 8, 28 pp. ler, W.—Die aussereuropaischen Trichopteren der Leipziger -sita mmilung, 45, 1915, 397-412. Hood, J. D.—An inter- g case of antennal antigeny in Thysanoptera [1 n. gen.], 102, p 490-38. Longinus Navas, R. P.—Neue Neuropteren, 369, iv, 191, as a ‘. ot mn A PTERA. Bordage, E.—Phenomenes histolytiques ob- re! pendant la regeneration des appendices chez certains O., 12, . 155-9. Sur les differences d’aspect du tissu adipeux produit ! “histolyse chez certaines O., 13, clxi, 248-52. Schleip, W.— die frage nach der beteiligung des nervensystems beim far- _ benwechsel yon Dixippus, 89, xxxv, Abt. Z, 225-32. Weiss, H. B. pa gryllotalpa, the european mole cricket in N. J., 178, i 500-1. Burr, M.—On the male genital armature of the Dermaptera. : Par I: Prolodermaptera (except Psalidae), 485, 1915, 413-47. _HEMIPTERA. Davis, W. T.—(See under General). Essen- ies, C.—The habits and natural history of the backswimmers, _ Notonectidae; The habits of the water-strider, Gerris remiges, AG 478 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 15 324, v, 381-90; 397-402. Kotinsky, J—The Bermuda grass Odonas- pis, 102, xvii, 101-4. Leonard, M. D.—The immature stages of Plagiognathus politus and Campylomma verbasci, 6, xxiii, 193-97. Baker, A. C.——On the early history and scientific name of the woolly apple aphis (Erisoma lanigera), 186, x, 53-64. Davis, W. T. —A new variety of Cicada resembling C. dorsata, 6, xxiii, 161-4. Essig, E. O.—Aphididae of California, XI. [1 n. sp.J, 189, vii, 180-200. LEPIDOPTERA. Burgeff, H.—Zur frage des totens der Zy- gaenen, 216, xxix, 49-50. Chapman, T. A.—Lepidopterology, 21, 1915, 202-5. Cockayne, E. A.—Gynandromorphism, 122, 1914, 75- 85. Davis, F. L.—The larva and pupa of Caligo memnon, 36, 1915, 198-200. Floersheim, C.—Some notes on the Papilionids, 9, 1915, 225-9 (cont.). Frohawk, F. W.—Hibernated examples of Vanessa antiopa, 9, 1915, 242-3. Fruhstorfer, H—Das mannliche copula- tionsorgan als hilfsmittel zum artnachweis in der gattung Cala- poecilma, 92, xi, 220-2. Kincaid, E.—The effect of color on the thistle butterfly, 285, xi, 340-1. Maas, O.—Versuche ueber umge- wohnung und vererbung beim seidenspinner, 176, xli, 672-727. New- man, L. W.—Notes on breeding and collecting the “Sesia,” 122, 1914, 43-8. Prell, H.—Ueber die beziehungen zwischen primaren und sekundaren sexualcharakteren bei schmetterlingen, 89, xxxv, Abt. Z. & P., 183-224. Rowley & Berry—The 1914 record of Cato- calae and other L., 4, 1915, 303-7. Stephan, J.—Einige kurze be- merkungen ueber die “Grossschmetterlinge der Erde,” 84, xxxii, 52-3. Turner, H. J.—“A Poser,” Stainton (Agrotis lunigera versus A. trux), 21, 1915, 192-99 (cont.). Vickery, R. K.—Evidence of a protoplasmic network in the oenocytes of the silkworm, 180, viii, 285-90. Barnes & McDunnough—Notes on some recently described spe- cies of N. A. Lep., 4, 1915, 282-4. Meyrick, E.—Descriptions of So. American Micro-L., 86, 1915, 201-56. Niepelt, W.—Neue formen exotischer tagfalter; Neue sudamerikanische Papilioformen, 166, ix, 58; 70. Turner, H. J.—Celastrina argiolus in America, 21, 1915, 210-11. Walsingham, Lord—Heterocera, 15, Pt. ccxv, 425-82. DIPTERA. Alexander, C. P.—The biology of the N. A. crane flies, 189, vii, 141-60. Banks, N.—(See under Hymenoptera). Car- ter, H. R—Notes on Anopheles production from a malarial survey, 477, ii, 753-8. Felt, E. P—The gall midges of the pine, 411, x, 74-6. Illingworth, J. F—Notes on the habits and control of the chicken flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea), 179, viii, 492-5. Knab, F.—Com- mensalism in Desmometopa, 102, xvii, 117-121. Ping, C.—Some in- habitants of the round gall of goldenrod, 189, vii, 161-79. Parker, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 479 of Brachypalpus frontosus, 102, xvii, 147. Shannon, ures of the syrphid fly, Merapioidus villosus, 102, xvii, J.—Behavior of Anopheles albimanus and tarsima- » vi 221-71. N—A new species of Mycetaulus, 102, xvii, 145. Howard, lab—The mosquitoes of North and Central America and stl dic *s, III, Systematic Déscription, Pt. 1, 523 pp. [many + Malloch, J. R—Notes on No. Am. Chloropidae [3 n. @, xvii, 158-62. An undescribed Sapromyzid, 411, x, 86-8. @, R. C—An eastern Chilosia with hairy eyes [1 new sp.], vi ii, 168. Townsend, C. H. T.—New Canadian and Alaskan a (7 n. gen., 6 n. sps.], 4, 1915, 285-92. Revision of Myiv- a, 10% xvii, 107-14. Tavares, J. S.—Cecidologie Argentine: tidias das plantas do genero Styrax no Brazil, 223, xiii, 88- Walton, W. R.—A new nocturnal species of Tachini- and interesting genus of No. American Tachiridae, ort 104-7. PTER Bishopp & Laake—A preliminary statement tding ee maggots of sheep in the U. S., 179, viii, 466-74. us * , C. P.—A comparative study of a series of aphid-feeding tinellidac, 179, viii, 487-01. Craighead, F. C.—A review of Cerambycid larvae in Danmark’s Fauna, Biller III, , 1914, 102, xvii, 127. Germain, Bro.—A European beetle, fecently Tietreduced into Canada (Orchestes scutellaris), 4, 1915, ae ee ch, W.—Ueber den mannlichen begattungs-apparat ; e ae "t ® Chrveomeliden 97, cxiv, 1-04. Knab, F.—The secretions empl i by Rhynchophorous larvae in cocoon-making, 102, xvii, Kn Notes on Coleoptera, 411, x, 82-4. Kreuger, E. sc’ bologieche studien ... Ueber die bedeutung der i Mivibcabrenms bei Dytieces, 292, x, No. 13, 20 pp. Lewis, Note on the taxonomy of the Histeridae, 8, 1915, 289. Pierce, .—The uses of certain weevils and weevil products in food ‘medicine, 102, xvii, 151-4. Shelford, V. E.—Abnormalities and neration in Cicindela, 180, viii, 291-6. Weise, J.—Uebersicht ini, 45, 1915, 434-36. — “> ” oF. ms. ‘ ean ea ‘3 tk, L.—Ueber Stenus moris und melanarius, nebst beschrei- q g einer neuen deutschen art, 369, iv, 226-34. Bowditch, F. C.— Ne oe on some South American Halticidae, 2, xli, 487-509. Fall, ; C—A revision of the No. American species of Pachybrachys (ts new], 2, xli, 291-486. Horn, W.—Langea ficutiauxi n. sp., 369, iv, 205-6. Lameere, A—Note sur les Prioninae du Museum Na- _ Coleoptera illustrata. Vol. 1, No. 1. Carabidae, Brooklyn, N. Y., ty ooegamg 480 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Dec., 15 HYMENOPTERA. Banks, N.—Miscellaneous notes, 102, xvii, 146-7. Cook, A. J.—The relation of bees to horticulture, 368, iv, 426-7. Crawley, W. C.—A remarkable marriage-flight of ants, and some theories, 21, 1915, 205-6. Cuthbert, H. G.— Selective instinct of bees, 392, xxiv, 188-9. Davis, W. T.—(See under General). Howard, L. O.—An unusual color in a hornet’s nest, 102, xvii, 148. Natzmer, G. V.—Ueber konvergenzen im leben der ameisen und termiten, 92, xi, 161-5. Pierce & Cushman—A few notes on the habits of parasitic H., 102, xvii, 164-7. Stellwaag, F.—Zum farben- sinn der bienen liefert kranichfeld in Biologischen Zentralblatt, 74, xiv, 427-8. Crawford, J. C——The genus Secodella in N. Am. [4 n. sps.], 102, xvii, 142-4. Cushman, R. A.—Descriptions of new Ichneumonidae and taxonomic notes [8 n. sps.], 102, xvii, 132-42. Girault, A. A. —New genera of Chalcidoid H. [5 n. sps.], 6, xxiii, 165-73. Some new Chalcidoid H. from North and So. America; New Chalcidoid H. [6 n. sps.; 6 n. sps.J, 180, viii, 272-78; 179. _Meade-Waldo, Mor- ley & Turner—Notes and synonymy of H. in the collection of the British Museum, 11, xvi, 331-41. Rohwer, S. A.—A remarkable new genus of Cephidae [1 n. sp.], 102, xvii, 114-17. Rohwer, Gahan & Cushman—Some generic corrections in the Ophioninae, 102, xvii, 149-50. Santschi, F—Deux Cryptocerus nouveaux [1 new], 87, 1915, 207-9. Woods, W. C.—Biosteres rhagoletis, a parasite of Rhagoletis pomonella [n. sp.], 4, 1915, 293-5. Pre ~ CoLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA by Howarp Notman. Vol. I, No. 1, Cara- bidae, Brooklyn, N. Y., 136 Joralemon Street. Copyrighted 1915 by Howard Notman. All rights reserved. Price one dollar—This is a pamphlet measuring 7% x 55% inches, consisting of two pages of text and fifty plates. The first page of text is an alphabetical “Index Vol. I, No. 1” to the 48 genera and sub-genera illustrated in the plates, while the other page is an alphabetical index to 60 species and sub- species represented. Each plate shows a single line-drawing of a dorsal view of one species, below which are the names of genus, species and first describer, the sex, length in millimeters and patria. The species depicted may be learned from an examination of the adver- tisement published elsewhere in this number of the News; they are all of the Palaearctic region, although one, Carabus maeander Fischer, is also quoted as from Hudson’s Bay. While the idea of figuring insects is a laudable one, we doubt whether these illustrations will appeal to many students in the United States. For them a more valu- able work would be one which illustrated the details of structure on which the generic and specific characters of our North American Coleoptera are founded, selecting for this purpose those species which are not figured in the easily accessible literature. (Advertisement). _ INDEX TO VOLUME XxvVI. (* Indicates new genera, species or varieties.) C. P. A new Nearctic Gonomyia .......... 170 i Bromeliad-inhabiting crane fly .............. 29 2 S. University of the Philippines College of ature, Los Banos, Department of Entomology Me CMs dies oie Gtew MGs. aU Evwe ope ike 367 s, N. " New genus of Canestriniidae ............ 152 eee me Aacalep hans nil A dst. ire'n, ove exe 350 J. P. Notes on the Siricidae of California... 34 WE. .Sympetrum corruptum, a dragonfly at a high Res chan bi bulyniilnednady dc sidside'e Weiss « 119 rF.C. Data wanted on the screw worm fly ...... 207 i EOS SAMMD ins o x.0.0s:s s/eidiesie'e sidicee 294 AF. Life history 6f Menesta albaciliella....... 160 2 ied 9 es on some species of Tischeria, with descriptions of NE Sica basics Sok snes vols Cece adas sie ee's 271 IME, H. H. Parasite of Bellura obliqua ............ 473 A. F. Twenty-cighth annual meeting of the srican Association of Economic Entomologists .. .456 UTL m, A.W. Dragonflies devouring winged ants ...... 37 LVER P. P. Comments on the dimorphism of the of Ischnura verticalis OS Per ee 56, 62 n flies devouring ants. [Note-:0n] sss ciswenee’s 37 | Ph — letensive study of species ., Sean A, £. Sade Reed oe 182 juary notices : H. A. de Bonvouloir, J. Perez, P. E. Hed L. Vibert, A. Cheux .....cccccecececsees 191 ee! note: Ferdinand Kowarz ............-+++++ 240 he _ Obituary: C. F. Seiss, J. M. Hagedorn, C. J. Finlay .. .383 ; a Obituary: Wm. Warren, Daniel E. Salmon ......... 06 ot Obituary: Aug. Weismann, C. S. Minot ........---- 44 ‘Review: Brues & Melander’s key to the families of <, 3 North American insects .....---+++ee0eereeeeeee: 233 - Review: Riley & Johannsen’s Handbook of Medical 482 INDEX. Selection of papers for scientific meetings ............ 84e Studies on Costa Rican Odonata, VI. The Waterfall- Dwellers: The transformation, external features and attached Diatoms of Thaumatoneura larva. (Illus.) ..295 Studies on Costa Rican Odonata, VII. The Waterfall- Dwellers: The internal organs of Thaumatoneura larva and the respiration and rectal tracheation of Zygopterous larvae in general. (Illus.) ........ 385, 435 CriarK, H.C. (See Darling & Clark.) CocKERELL, T. D. A. Habits of Spinoliella zebrata ...... 366 Habits of Xenoglossa brevicornis ....... cee cece eeeee 364 A, mite parasite on the musk: rat ........:00 0.00 eee 185 The real Trigona dorsalis Smith, rediscovered........ 30 A. wasp resembling .a bee 3.0.0 Was 6 ee 268 Crampton, G.C. The thoracic sclerites and the systematic position of Grylloblatta campodeiformis, a remarkable annectent, “Orthopteroid” insect. (Illus.) ........ 337 Cresson, E. T., Jr. Descriptions of new genera and spe- cies of the dipterous family Ephydridae II .......... 68 Hints on packing insects for transportation .......... 33 A new genus and some new species belonging to the dipterous family Bombyliidae ................0e000- 200 Note on the Bombyliid genus Rhabdopselaphus (Pseu- dogeron.) Photographing insects under magnification. (Re- VICWS ) 55 0'n'a ein lates ‘cold GPR OAK bo mie oe nh eel 270 Some North American Diptera from the Southwest— Paper III. A revision of the species of the genus M ythigomyia en a eee 448 (Also, this Index). Cresson, E. T., Jr. & J. A.G. Renn. Entomological litera- ture. (See under General Subjects.) Darina, S. T. & H.C. Crarx. Linguatula serrata (larva) in a native Central American ........... 00.0. cecees 184 Davis, J. J. Obituary: Joseph Tarrigan Monell ........ 380 Dietz, W.G. A preoccupied specific name in Tipulidae. .125 Dunn, L. H. Observations on the preoviposition, oviposi- , INDEX. 483 eee . bation periods of Dermacentor nitens art EdetbastedawadaopehcitinGn ess cvs tanne 214 . & F. Grinnewe. Three Synchloes, their differ- iach SN 54 cect Sys bac hd bvedh dae 173 | D. Sa eanaret tne A $10 te: ponthers nitec Ne NIN die k5 Mena 8 ain’ hn SS wn mo ie 291 of 1. E. ee ae coh. é ea MD san eo odie 109 N, H. J. A new species of Campoplex ......... 356 on Bombidae, with descriptions of new forms ....409 J. W. Catocala luciana from Minneapolis ....153 mca Z.ist of Coleoptera collected from tanglefoot.269 emo er, W. D. New Membracidae from the United AA. A few notes on Queensland insects ...... 362 ment: eemenes fomericen taeects, VIII, IX ...127, 219 w fragments on some well known insects .......... 53 y genus of Chalcidine Hymenoptera ...........-- 325 y Trichogrammatid from Trinidad .............. 396 's on some Chalcidoid Hymenoptera from Java .. . . 365 on Trichogrammatidae ............2:ssseeeees 32 neg sccurrence of striking peculiarities of pattern in un- peers Hymenoptere cdaK Rak fs 34 Arrhenophagus (see chionas- pidis). atrox, Arachnophroctonus ... 267 benefica, Eumicrosoma (illus.) 147 bicolor, Psithyrus .......000 413 bifasciatipenne, Polynema ... 220 Bombidae, Descriptions of new. Torna 2. bese case 409 Bombidae, Notes on ........ 409 Bombus (see alboniger, ni- grodorsalis, _ trinominatus, brachycephalus, weisi, nive- atus, incertus, apollineus, regeli). brachycephalus, Bombus ..... Ail brevicornis Xenoglossa 364 bruneri, Halictus’ ........... 203 caementarium, Sceliphron ... 469 Callirhytis glandulosus in Vir- WIG os deka ey x 219 Callirhytis seminator in Mary- land and Virginia ........ 220 Campoplex (see variabilis). capitis*, Aphelinus .......... 73 CONOVER, "VESPE sos on Sk ke bikes 265 Catolaccus reared from a gall 132 Chalcidine H., A new genus OT dass omeaheagen mew iat. 325 Chalcidoid H. from Java .... 365 Chalcidoid H., Occurrence of striking peculiarities in un- related). Kowa oe tae oe 417 Chalcis (see also Hypochalcis modestus). Chalybion (see coeruleum). chionaspidis, Arrhenophagus. 365 Citation of host data in the parasitic Hymenoptera .... 279 coeruleum, Chalybion ....... 469 connexus, Halictus .........- 293 INDEX. cressom, Halictus ...0.20eun 293 cunedta, Vespa... .eceeeene 265 Diastrophus (see nebulosus). dorsalis, Trigonad ......++00% 31 Dragonflies devouring ants... 37 Dying from cold, Pheidole megacephalus ......ssss55- 362 dysphage*, Ptinobius ........ 130 Ecto or Endoparasitism .... 279 Endoparasitism .....sennanen 279 Eumicrosoma (see benefica). Generations per year of mud- daubers, Number of ....... 469 Geotaxis in Trichogramma MANUTUME .. ss «seis eee en 131 glandulosus, Callirhytis . 219 Habits of Spinoliella zebrata. 366 Habits of Xenoglossa brevi- COFIMS ...0s sce ss ee 364 Halictine bee, A new ....... 291 Halictus (Key to some spe- cles)... i sone eee 293 Halictus (see subconnexus, rohweri, bruneri, cressoni, nigroviridis, nymphaearum, albipennis, connexus). hogardit, Sphecius ......+++ 37 Hypochatcis* » ..5.... 6080 mapa 325 (see also modestus). incertus, Bombus ........+05: 416 intrudens, Psithyrus .....:.. 413 Laelius (see trogodermatis). limonus*, Aphelinus .......- 76 lobatus, OF MYTUS «2.40.0 s008 132 meade-waldoi*, Trigona ...... 32 megacephalus, Pheidole ..... 362 Metamymar (see aleurodis). mimeticus*, Miscothyris luci- GUUS», ovine veh ss 4 uh 268 minutum, Trichogramma....13, 32 Miscothyris (see mimeticus). modestus, Hypochalcis Mud-daubers Mutilla (see slossonae). aa 221 jastrophus ..... 132 is ribesii in Virginia.. 219 tus (see also ventralis). sal escese 410 ridis, Halictus ....... 293 EE sc ccccosece 416 wtalis, Sphacrophthalma 268 ita (sce sanguinea). mn (Reference to description of develop- Mt OF)... reeeeceeerees 220 eee weer eeee seer ener (see bifasciatipenne). (see bicolor, intrud- (see putnami). see dysphagae). TOPS Pe 365 abies ob 220 SS sewes 75 a ere 37 ae er 416 Nc niles 219 rohweri*, Halictus subcon- oad BEES . 00 es eee c cece eeeees 292 sanguinea, Oligosita ......--- 32 ‘ 4 Sceliphron (see caementarium ). INDEX. seminator, Callirhytis ........ 220 Sirex (see apicalis, areolatus). Siricidae of California, Notes Ge ccddbianegapaeh staewe 34 slossonae, Mutilla ........... 37 speciosus, Sphecius ......... 266 Sphaerophthalma (see occiden- talis). Sphecius (see hogardi, spe- ciosus). Spinoliella (see sebrata). subconnexus*, Halictus subflava, Abella (illus.) .... 148 Syneches (see thyridopterygis). thyridopterygis, Syneches .... 220 Trichogramma (see minutum). Trichogrammatid from Trini- “eee eer een ewe ee GOMOUTNE 2c cccsccescosesess 220 Trichogrammatidae, Notes on 32 Trigona dorsalis, Rediscovered 30 (see also meade-waldoi). trinominatus, Bombus .....- 411 trogodermatis, Laclius ...... 220 Uscana (see pallidipes). | variabilis*, Campoplex ......- 356 | ventralis, Nematus .....--+- 219 Vespa cuneata = V. carolina 265 Wasp resembling a bee ..... 268 | weisi, Bombus .......++++++: 412 Xenoglossa (see brevicornis). sebrata, Spinoliella .......-- 306 LEPIDOPTERA. Abdominal structure in cer- tain moths (illus.) ......- 166 Aberration of Vanessa antiopa (illus.) ....-+-eeeeeeeeeeee 305 achemon, Philampelus .....- 227 acraca, Estigmene (illus.)... 168 Additions to insects of New Jersey ....eseeeeeeeeeeess 260 ajax, Papilio ...+++-++-++++++ 225 496 Alabama (see argillacea). albaciliella, Menesta (illus.).. 160 albiantenaella*, Coleophora CAMB) oie bore VA Keo 320 albostraminea, Tischeria ..... 271 ambigua*, Tischeria ........ 270 americana, Harrisina ....... 224 Amorbia (see wenzelana). Anaphora (see busckella). annettaria, Haemotopsis gra- teria (illaa ie ast bu ae 325 Anticarsia (see gammatilis). antiopa, An aberration of Va- nessa (illas:): 665 0455 8 305 argillacea, Alabama ..... 185, 207 argiolus, Lycaena ........00% 320 Army worm plague in Phila- delnhia, (Pas vacant scans 36 auropurpuriella, Coleophora.. 320 badiiella, Tischeria ........++ 271 Bellura (see obliqua). bifurcata*, Tischeria (illus.).. 270 Boisduval’s Lycaena piasus & rhaea busckella*, Anaphora (illus.) 324 Butterfly which is confined to isolated areas of small size 225 californica, Synchloe ....... 173 carbonaria*, Epimecis (illus.) 321 carolina, Protoparce ........ 226 carolinellus*, Crambus (illus.) 324 Carpocapsa (see pomonella). Catocala, Collecting -......... 225 Catocala luciana from Minne- RAED iy icicle alates Wied te Ve 09 153 (see also missouriensis, lu- cetia, edna, curvata). Catocalae, Recent work on ... 289 celeus, Protoparce .......++: 226 chlorina, Lycaena .........+- 424 Coleophora, Description of a Wiss a ataein Re eal eh a 320 (see also albiantennaella, auropurpuriella). -Heterocera, New INDEX. Colias (see interior). Collecting moths of the noc- tuid genus Catocala ...... 225 Cotton worm moth (see Ala- bama argillacea). Crambus (see carolinellus, lyonsellus). Ctenucha (see venosa). cubana*, Protoparce rustica (ilhis.) ob veces eee 434 cunea, Hyphantria .........+. 225 curvata, Catocala robinsonti.. 290 cynthia, Philosamia, A new food: plant for’ iis. Gusenaae 107 daeckealis*, Diathrausta (illus.) 322 Desmia (see maculalis). Diathrausta (see daeckealis, montana). Dryocampa (see rubicunda). echo, Lycaena 320 edna, Catocala angusi (illus.) 290 Empretia (see stimulea). Epimecis (see carbonaria). Estigmene (see acraea). exitiosa, Sanninoidea ..... Arie | Food plant. for Philosomia CYNENG |. 4.» a5 cise nee fulvicollis Scepsis (illus.) ... fulvusana*, Galasa (illus.) 323, 471 Galasa (see fulvusana). ; gammatilis, Anticarsia ..... 419 gozora, Lycaend ........6+0% 3290 Haemotopsis (see annettaria). Harrisina americana, the American Procris ........ 224 Heliothis (see obsoleta). Hemerocampa leucostigma in Maryland 321 eee eww eee ee huachucalis*, Pyrausta (illus.), 322, 471 Hymenia (see kaeberalis). eeeeeeerere INDEX. 497 Mistake of a butterfly ...... 281 montana*, Diathrausta (illus.) 323, 471 nig, Lycaena .......: ee era 329 nigrescens, Lycaena ......... 320 Nyctalemon (see orontes). obliqua, Bellura ............. 473 Observations on Colias in- | ERC FOS ee 327 obsoleta, Heliothis .......... 226 orontes, Nyctalemon ........ 362 palla, Icthywra ...........+. 227 Papilio (see ajar). Parasite of Bellura obliqua.. 473 Peach Borer (see Sanninoidea exitiosa). Philampelus (see achemon). Philosamia (see cynthia). piasus, Lycaena ......... 358, 360 Pieris (see menciae). pomonella, Carpocapsa ...... 224 Protoparce rustica, The Cuban variety of (see also celeus, carolina, purinosella, Tischeria ....... 271 Pyrausta (see jamaicalis, hua- chucalis). Pyrrharctia (see isabella). Rare California butterflies . 424 thaea, Lycaena ........-+- 358, 360 rubicunda, Dryocampa ...... 225 rustica, Protoparce .....---- 433 Sanninoidea (see exitiosa). ~ saundersii, Synchloe ........- 173 Scepsis (see fulvicollis). speciosa, Lycaena ....+-++-++ 425 stimulea, Empretia .......-++ 226 Sugaring interfered with by Lenten .ccsscentes scence 107 498 INDEX. Synchloes, their differences Costa Rican O., Studies on, and relations, Three ...... 173 295, 385, 435 Synchloe (see lacinia, saun- Devouring ants, Dragonflies.. 37 dersti, californica). Diatoms attached to Thauma- Synonym of a Coleophora, tonéura larva .).scceeeeee 299 Note Gt Meo er sc cae 320 | Dichromatism of the females Tischeria (see badiiella, puri- of Ischnura verticalis ..... 62 nosella, albostraminea, im- Dimorphism of the females ~ maculata, ambigua, bifur- of Ischnura verticalis, Com- cata). ménts Gn) s,s +. cea Re 590, 62 unipuncta, Leucania ....... 36, 107 | ebrium, Enallagma .......... 57 ursula; Limenitis ........... 133 | Emergence of Gomphines, A Vanessa (see antiopa). NOtE ON... ke hae 4 venosa, Ctenucha (illus.) ... 168 | Enallagma (see ebrium). Wandering larvae of Pyr- External features of Thauma- rharctia isabella .......... 224 toneura ‘larva i. Uipeeeeees 295 wenzelana*, Amorbia ....324, 471 | Gomphines, A note on emer- “Worming” for the peach gence Of)... . cede 57 borer, The method ....... 224 | Hetaerina americana larva, NEUROPTERA. Rectal respiration OF yaw 440 Ascalaphidae, Two new names High altitude, A dragonfly of 119 MGS 6 vey Gee eek oe ae ingens, Aeshna .........+..+. 37 ASCalor phe? Sou c csc ck eck 350 Internal organs of Thauma- ASCaloptynd™ OSPR ias dae ia eee 350 BORON larva (illu s.) + +386, 435 diminuta*, Sialis (illus.) .... 157 | [schnura (see verticalis). 5 ee ee Miscellaneous notes ........ 56 frequens, Sialis (illus.) ..... 158 Japanese orl flies, New species Nymphs of Castadelaceresr. OB Sev os peat Rann sc icohexys 157 Ithaca, N.Y. ...ssss8s Sas oe jeponica, Sialis Gilus.} esc: 15g | Nymphs of Enallagma ebrium melania*, Sialis (illus.) ..... 108 | ag es ree Bite 57 mitsuhashii, Sialis (illus.) ... 158 | Rectal tracheation of Zygop- nikkoensis*, Sialis (illus.) ... 159 Orl flies, New species of JADARESE is ian eee 157 Sialis (see diminuta, frequens, japonica, melania, mitsu- hashu, nikkoensis). ODONATA. Aeshna (see ingens). Argia moesta putrida larva, Rectal respiration of ...... 442 Calopteryx maculata larva, Rectal Respiration of .... 438 corruptum, Sympetrum ...... 119 terous larvae (illus.)...385, 435 Respiration and rectal trache- ation of Zygopterous larvae (lee). 6 daa cae 385, 435 Sympetrum corruptum at a high: alfitade +... ccsanaeee 119 Thaumatoneura larvae, Inter- nal organs of (illus.) ..386, 435 Thaumatoneura larva, Trans- formation, external fea- tures and attached diatoms of (illus,) °.... ets 205 Tracheation of Zygopterous larvae (ilius,) :. scene 385, 435 Dichromorpha (see viridis). dissimilis, Hygronemebius (il- | ey ee Me eee a 197 Ellipes (see minuta). fasciatus, Melanoplus ....... 306 Femoratus, Melanoplus ...... 306 Femur as a fish hook ...... 183 a Amblycorypha flor- bus SG dcaweeteccdd 458 agg Atlanticus .......... 459 gracillimus, Conocephalus ... 459 Grylloblatta campodeiformis, Thoracic sclerites and sys- tematic position (illus.) .. 337 gryllodes, Orocharis ........ 468 Gryllus (see assimilis). gundlachi, Cyrtoxipha ...... 467 Hounds devouring grasshop- imitator, Anaxipha (illus.).. 466 liura*, Hygronemobius (illus.) 196 Longevity and mating habits of Dichromorpha viridis .. 27 marginella, Stilpnochlora .... 457 Se, FP oc ides cdven su 457 Melanoplus (see fasciatus, femoratus). Microcentrum (see rhombi- ~ folium). minuta, Ellipes ...........+. 460 muticus, Anurogryllus ...... 404 Nemobius (see cubensis, caro- linus). Oligacanthopus (see prograp- tus). Orchelimum (see concinnum). Orocharis (see saltator, gryl- odes). 500 O. of Miami, Florida ...397, 457 paranensis, Schistocerca .... 447 Periplaneta (see australasiae). bhalangium, Arethaea ...... 457 Phrixa (see maya). prograptus, Oligacanthopus FAMED, scuba ss 408, 461 Records of O. from New- foundHand) ch ook. dan ow 306 rhombifolium, Microcentrum 458 sabalis, Belocephalus saltator, Orocharis Scapteriscus (see abbreviatus). Schistocerca (see _ serialis, americana, paranensis, zapo- teca). scia*, Anaxipha (illus.) ..... 465 Scudderia (see texensis). serialis, Schistocerca ....... 406 Stilpnochlora (see margin- ella). Systematic position of Gryllo- DI GEAS elle t ition kina eal maa 337 terrestris, Ceuthophilus ..... 306 texensis, Scudderia ......... 457 Thoracic sclerites of Gryllo- bigtia?\ CaS skis RATS Fe 337 INDEX. trigonipalpum, Cryptoptilum 461 Trimerotropis (see acta). viridis, Dichromorpha ...... 27 gapoteca, Schistocerca ...... 447 sebra, Cycloptilum ......... 461 THYSANOPTERA. Aeolothripidae, On some Americah 3. )..53) nse 162 Aeolothrips (see albicinctus). aesculi*, Heterothrips (illus.) 50 albicinctus, Aeolothrips ..... 165 Cryptothrips (see floridensis, pint). Euthrips (see projectus). floridensis, Cryptothrips .... 52 Franklinothrips (see tenui- cornis, vespiformis). Heterothrips (see aesculi). pint*, Cryptothrips (illus.).. 49 projectus*, Euthrips _ tritici (illus. ) tenuicornis*, Franklinothrips CEES.) | isis o's ocesog od eae T. from Florida, New ...... 49 vespiformis, Franklin«thrips. 163 ae a aes = SN mint FES assiear ib tet & QL Entomological news 461 E574 v.20 Biological & Medical Serials PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY STORAGE Parr imamate beng stebiomimsins Pile a qe Noles feted Pre HGR phate 0.4% MM Sabai » cone bien fave inene epi ve JierucA ras 4h veers ieer Spare aon stacesoany o * 3 ae pT Hea thse ye Ne pape nh reser aie rere! bye Whe fe W Apnemunre ts wenger “atm poeganirrean henge ie jparer enebe see ela si sheets 454 a vanity hs Buen hcg TE ney an he og rvethe Arh eds gen de Tn Oh fe hone! vBeeurn ttm ease esters sete mye Bowed » enon? eke Sr amass Sebi Ie in ane Bene denewemiberprnsmct! |S has da der amseriy te PORs tae papier Eiticengsspeeeeh arora yo nee Pitge ter nae pe rey eae Cnet ‘teeatiarar dean nie¥ writes 2) Roccpus toe wise Supe nao fier bah vreeeh site Lame wes oes Papin eae Scr Sse ea ties rae Pans he wen boe ree neneuinas Cert vey Dh ss dhpbat rabseads en one Latah pearaa Kane or ve Oba one! - ve rs te Mepeip Leiake se sven ena hewn if ct ST andes wee saneen es Sheanteri fyrbtae® Sth ak A + 4 * a pertebenrer tt een ae Dewy pene ve sng sbneagmt erty eats a ae oe pastas Viel eae nr hitter ome ra! Asta dN Mert ian Jo ake Benge em eo Eh ¢ ty jacheriree howe a) ey pancdtper' beat wr ‘wer acer eiaaee se roy sAilee atari Sen erste pig i hg Teorey “at ov - 22 hapeirt ooraenne ots Me Even: Vearciamuprcn t Be nuit or press wet : ar aay boing “ epee jetbeeh iby pry pak xe et ‘3 takes 4 Re? ad At ent) hina wt ? eangert cup gehiea th Mae } + Hen wae hb x ee 7 rh rien taper s® ue poetanne beret vs FM “ eve oy pephbepe aber! chert ie ine we thesia ts rons tf Fe ete as achesmayhi tore Rees kee Har ebevelae ald ney 4 deh deabaent Shes erube ew pede r ven yeaa ypeeregee tie ” onc are obay smn ts the a sear ve neat Try reuse heen UE CE Ipeenrnmaante: Pt Span yeniss eoherernenrscpene ce, pene! ist ireeishny he Bests Wave er sna {spk iy beter Mian Beret pe eee i Teh Des to a soe | Pnecveeliy tit * bie tafer lea Fl rgnier Neher eats pain my bane hy (sag rears pid gir ke Kg inet Reseehshene ns Hh See aNy ath pea > ho oeogee treet chore ng hee egeinerses es far line cP ey ee isars Mersrees aaah gta Reopen, ease eet t nd oe! rethees Oe dere rr ra sited tele yh: pvidor rrp oceiv ts miebte rnberpr tens mea tik bea + Regr ™ wider hf be Pine be dt ver Taabareiar ny tray hy Dury! Pibited a ee ree ere sd pipes ry ret 1 tangs? iN oy tg Ais vee + eWen myst preg eat He ary ¥ ie Ct di-eartgant nis ‘y hen ure iyiny Se newrarte semaine at ii, uw lbs cake engi Wy a bape be 4 Da tihoey’ t Aree o 4 inten arr eet es per PPS ac sent fret Ha ee aaa to “ay Fein) on che unre tr fe DR thet woe aye oma reset ne Say nat peel Se Pear td 4 it arse ek souineris a) hae on He: ” ra Wines Cages ha heap icaigg | aaah et te) - fiona tes rear 7 3 sya pie nbee rr inpea cep eapametiey 4 Sue ta re Spal pete Wea eth “si 4 i ’ ~fe rt ioc eli binfe rep 23 Pt PRS tere std Mintaro rttt yy fig be eink te Steet} rt Pal Piitheesanal ee Loe \ hoe! Ay Abe pity iF tigre tee yee eo three sh wee 4 saneatah 7 YT i Saiiean lense csite ‘chia! ehre pert Loreent OSE OOEAEGA Ye Ea pve pepmse et in aire tga igi be “ “ear mpeprict ia weeps ie a tee thal 1a te rr ieee Rapeanete iit ort Lt UE Ah tay aoe pepe ential aia fe Sty rene iy ae “ cit vi j “ae ror MY PD ke 5 Urge i ve Tenia the - at 4 “4 ao mines! iy ween athe eh #421 ine i ca +h t rrew nen Ray oy ty ity pene sheet thert) eideceeernte ee? Pashia: apri © sata y tre pyres ten Nin Tet) prmeisdnke. Kia se a leet pA rete a rerne ene Seen POSS a a abecely + Phebe) eile an honta Pitre Pied Prag et bine Thee trs uarcsive OF? M reoveiapphert) off, atin uy cure he, ; eaeet hy fi3 im i Mpc he | i ite eo abe be spenstaeareessnl ca? sigreresi Lehre ates (barge irebsy Ter 's: ie ie Uadaeetaanene Pre raatnd basebsimiedbepe: tir t : 4 head et Va) Ove Fetes ied (bas prs bhetabens tele a At yd Sports ue oeabe Lie dene veep y ie WED he araptee Pip Peraane & Sees eeney tiice beeavci rou oops 4 Ww Wn ‘pee dep hete ft = hee aii & patti ‘ ony > ety elie oe hry ert ister teten reeher eri uy tibet in wer? es; eveeeun ztcfesete tg ten rberree gt Engane ey rape pets ie oar sebe 4 ig i Vyths “ Mies bi i Wettig: sabencseoein perprgeusl 8 ee Rete sie t ie tdsters be Ai itm ie bie he ta tkoegerey ui “ t sept 2 “4 ae ” Mevetierahat wie ein steltchnnte sts Parl eer A; 1 Pree rstt bay tod. cous . Sane ble pad 44 hor tr joke eerered ree ee ee. ue od en pee waived Apmne Of FkP, fee bye rene - epeerarer iy) rebate Hv, neresvrinmyeeian’ aya 4 va Reiraciett feuier ieee urns tte we wtp aly heparehaie " phe Rereutien hati 3 r oa ' i. reed bea pasts bared et ing MeL ene Ura nives Pas a ayy as 2H ” ante en 3 y erie a fete - wap ticipp tgsiier cor \b The “ae wires iy i r pees ial Hert taney: sehr re mnat be . bee diay beer ‘ Piss wo mmeyaateg jf ye uss eo) erie Sees rs Sreee ey 1508 beast } San ri hepamy Pileyes OahAby Sore orers! Fst FTE KS amp etn oh sseanpptage tess es etree re a ijeyree Fats elie ANeaece ty herr Leathe be ed dard Eh oh ' we Lik edad ps eren ies ie ye ation nae re reg he rf art nal ay Hepenepe em ra Reith: Wan Beek erdaprmesegcaiasestee maatens eet shit Cars tae bse] Semeest hgeeetes nae Ld bn Hey By Se * 11 Hy ha heres ss is + bey eh Ppa edt OATH A Spey OF HbA I'D 2 hoe ar ney Mit tied o Utter nm At r seri ste oe edhe epee reeot eee Be Tce tgn VE a Daal Leh ene op helee Ne : oD eye egee esed pee » Faire Dogs Werte & carb Peete iter euanwint ae sob bdage sprees (oa tsk tae Pati! yey Vn) asa, prennscper pee ' uate rst ie Foss Ih » verge mice nis reper) He y Dy peree at i tein! 4 Day raenelapeeabert re Weed HH rat isha ey we erie" pacing rit Wea abso Sis Tete aera bees cree goa sé S wee < rfid jen Fy ee vhenporet Mae) ety ey eo fas tended Are id rake didbed s en Te saeimge pwowe 644 Ciakanicrttte Paprlagts pratt Naar Beganes Ne a-bie Ayedih 2 on “ “my afb seed peegts replant ales t ae " ye- rear me beer SN irragh hy Hah vate Ve Pou td eb ey we ~ ae & ea is si Pons waste plete sm) pn Hhege [es Martie 7 byestecits ‘heey a , w 29%p Neer Poe seeetan cnwenpanasecpateat Ment Jett vor sirp (steer fe ree. pepe eh) a bist been newer r ek Aoaaduat were eiely Mee boas emgen earn open tamante A Mitet ce yer Ps nen! od 4 ietniy vy » ». ee wr he sealer ikerer ps i ae beeen Abehaet + hee tbapsegoiy py te oh bee y See ee in : anal bea Scat abt al eovr/iwwere vrs ror of fk hee bret » be +e wicehed ante wee Drie pence b : » faa bess yb ahr ‘ ” eye : pants) N tie ae ‘ BI Ditpees rite sip mpnsnesa rt aeeeabe ‘ . - ed eae Pere ee Peerbs bere toh oe yey Aa he here wean, rF key rye ene ee eee © Bate: Seb Sor: maarheseyearteeseriepeanie }reoweprt wha. pri scr grr ee om Gabe 4 71 an bel Fenner lwer’ 3 yee “ te Loaner rese eon ePrst: mtttoereces . nepebe sm Seo Cisesilsinmebape bart retinal pied i Ee aerytnc pt an a om ire wie eae oe we « Dd aah ete tah Seoeaee Ree . ewe pt or tone ere eee re ete inoem parerebees 1) A prtenr sy te i todabiatencatencara’ aa pap dart py Thue