ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

OF

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF

PHILADELPHIA

VOLUME XXXII, 1 920

PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH.D., Editor
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus

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JANUARY, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII No. 1

THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON
1807-1865

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

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ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

\\i>

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXII

JANUARY, 1'X'l

No. 1

CONTENTS

Wade — Notes on Ecology of Tcnebri-
onidae (Col.) i

Wright — A New Pterophorus ( Lepid. i 6

Braun — Notes on Microlepidoptera
with Descriptions of New Species

Williamson — Two Days with Indiana
Odonata 19

Ramsden — A New Xylophanes from
Cuba (Lepid., Sphingidae) 23

Editorial — Another New Year's Reso-
lution 25

Stoner— An Additional Distributional

Record for Rhacognathus america-
nus Stal. ( Hemjp.-Heterop. ) 26

Barnes and Lindsey— Further Notes
on "A Rare Pamphlet" (Hymen.,
Lep., Neur. ) 26

Rohwer— Chalybion Dahlbom not a
Synonym of Sceliphron Klug(Hy). 27

!• iitoniological Literature 28

Review of A New Study of the Econo-
mic Value of DragonHies 30

Doings of Societies— Amer. Ent. Soc.
(Lep., Dipt., Orth,. Odon , Hyin.) 31

Notes on Ecology of Injurious Tenebrionidae (Col.).

By J. S. WADE, Scientific Assistant, I'.ureau of Entomology,

Washington, 1 ). C.

Some genera of native Tenebrionidae at one time considered
of negligible economic importance are becoming, in the larval
stage, each year more destructive to newly sown wheat and
other grains over the semi-arid regions of the middle and
western United States. The area of especial infestation com-
prises central and western Texas, < Iklahoma, Kansas, Nebras-
ka, eastern New Mexico, Ari/.ona. California, and the Pacific
Northwest.

Of the family Tenebrionidae about 10,000 species of widely
varying form and size are known, and about 750 ot these occur
within the limits of the United States. In the western and
southwestern states where the1 larger number of species occur
they, like the Carabidae of eastern localities, comprise the most
conspicuous portion of the Coleopterous fauna. Most ()| the
species are black or dark brown, and some of the larger torm-,
have long awkward legs and a peculiar loose-jointed appearance.
A number of the species, notably lilcatics and Blapstinns, po

1

2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

sess very few structural characters in common, and are linked
together by such gradual changes and such great variations in
structure, within their respective limits of distribution, that
their classification presents great difficulties.

The following notes are based upon observations and collec-
tions made with special reference to relation to cereal crops, by
the writer or other assistants of the Bureau of Entomology
in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa.
Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico. North 'Dakota.
Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington.
Thus far it has been found that species most injurious to grow-
ing crops are those within the genera Elcodcs, Embaphioii,
Blapstinus, and within the old genus Asida. It is probable,
however, that in the near future species within other closely
related genera will become pests upon the consequent destruc-
tion of native grasses and other host plants, and the cultiva-
tion of the soil. The injury to wheat and other grain is
wrought by the larvae in destroying the newly sown grain be-
fore and during its germination in the fall.

Field surveys have been sufficiently extensive to secure data
of significance bearing on the distribution factors of the injuri-
ous species as related to possible control measures. Any notes
on local environment which throw light upon the various con-
ditions under which the insects occur in numbers, and under
which they might become serious pests, may afford valuable-
hints as to the most successful control measures, or may indi-
cate types of ground or other conditions to be avoided in
growing susceptible crops.

Climatic limitations. The conditions of a region in rela-
tion to various phenomena of the atmosphere, such as tempera-
ture and moisture, forms an especially important factor in the
dispersal of these insects. It has long been known that these
insects, especially the Eleodiini, occur chiefly in arid regions;
thus, there are comparatively few species in the northeastern
United States, while there are many in the southwestern por-
tions of the country.

Character of soil. ( )bservation has shown that the species
under consideration are found most abundantly, under similar

XXxii, '21 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3

physical and climatic conditions and altitudes, in sandy <>r
sandy loam soils. The fact that such soils arc much better
suited to the multiplication of these insects than those contain-
ing a high percentage of clay, has been repeatedly noted by
collectors, and the general prevalence in a locality ot" a hard
"gumbo" or of a clayey surface is not suitable for the best
development of these Tenehrionidae. In instances where there
are small local sandy areas and clay is the predominating soil.
such as often occurs in western Kansas ;uid western Nebraska.
the arenaceous areas are usually much more productive for the
collector of these beetles. The great abundance of beetles of
the genus Elcodcs has been repeatedly correlated with friable
and often gravelly as well as merely sandy soil and sub-soil.

Condition of soil. The breaking of native sod, especially on
sandy land, and the consequent changes in the condition ot the
soil, also has an important bearing on the1 multiplication ot the
injurious species. The epigaeal Tenebrionidae are less abund-
ant on such land while it is under cultivation, as by such pro-
cess the immature stages more often are distributed and ex-
posed to the elements and to enemies. It is noted, however, that
the insects are found abundantly in grass and weeds near to
and around the edges of such areas. The breaking up ot sod
on hard land may occasionally favor the increase of Kleodiini
and Asidini. probably by furnishing a medium beneath which
the adults can more easily deposit eggs and obtain shelter. 1-ur-
ther, it has been repeatedly observed that lUcodcs are much
more abundant on strips of plowed land which were afterwards
permitted to run wild than on the native hard surface' around
such plowed portions. The presence of humus also increases
the likelihood of greater infestation. The adults of Eleodes
and Embaphion appear to show marked preference for tin-
areas upon which grass is scanty and short instead ol those
upon which the growth is heavy. They are also more easily
found, in warm weather, near sunset or during twilight.

Drainage of soil. All collections made indicate that good
drainage favors the multiplication of /:7rm/r\ and other I en-
ebrionidae of like habits. Other conditions being ec|iial. gently
sloping hillsides usually are more heavily infested than are

4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

flats between them, \\~hen collecting upon a gently rolling
surface, it has been repeatedly noted that a difference in alti-
tude of only a few feet may be sufficient to cause a change in
the number of specimens found, there being fewer on lower
ground where drainage would be imperfect. It also frequently
happens that a field located in lower ground surrounded wholly
or in part by slightly higher areas may be practically free of
damage, although the insects are present nearby in abundance.

It has long been known that a prolonged dry spell in the
semi-arid regions caused practically complete disappearance of
Tenebrionidae from the surface of the ground. Notwithstand-
ing the fact that the beetles normally avoid low-lying damp
spots, yet showers form the most effective stimulus to bring
the adults to the surface from their subterranean cells in which
the pupal life has been passed. Such showers will be found
by the collector to be in direct ratio to the abundance of speci-
mens found. Adults leave shelter and run about just before or
just after a rain, and throughout the day during cloudy weath-
er, in the manner habitual to their twilight activities.

Covering of soil. If the growth of vegetation is sufficiently
heavy entirely to cover and shade the ground, these insects are
present only in small numbers, whereas if the covering of
weeds, thistles, and debris is not too thick, the insects may
flourish in abundance. All of the different genera under con-
sideration are often found in greatest profusion under small
piles of Russian thistles (Salsola kali var. tcnnifolia Mey.)
which have been cut and piled in small heaps preliminary to
destruction by fire, or where thistles and other trash, blown by
high winds, have lodged along fence rows and other obstruc-
tions. They are usually present in greatest numbers beneath
piles of dried rather than green thistles. Both larvae and
adults can be found beneath loose straw around the edges of
wheat and in stockyards around shocks, wheat stacks, and piles
of threshed straw. Greater numbers occur beneath edges of
new straw piles than of those two or three years old. Elcodcs
are often congregated, sometimes in considerable numbers,
under dried leaves at the base of the common thistle (Cirsinni
lane eolat um Hill). Such habits might of course be used to

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5

advantage in ridding infested land of the pest, by destroying
all weeds and trash, and at the same time harmonize with
good farm practice. The beetles are also found quite abund-
antly in the immediate vicinity of railroad tracks, under rub-
bish that has been scattered about, par icularK under bits of
cardboard, sheet metal, and paper. The latter appears to be
such a favorite shelter for adul: s that paper might serve as
a good cover for poisoned baits when such are used as a con-
trol measure. Occasionally beetles are noticed on vacant lots
along edges of streets and sidewalks in residential sections of
towns within in tested districts, and there are a few records
where under favorable conditions they have developed into
garden pests. It does not, therefore, appear that these insects
avoid ground already occupied by the ordinary activities of
man.

While heavy pasturage appears to keep down these insects,
the presence of cattle in moderate numbers, where cattle-
raising is practiced on native ranges, is probably conducive to
the multiplication of fclcodcs, such conditions and such effect
being" largely similar to that preceding the arrival of the pio-
neer, when buffalo pastured upon these areas. In instances
where the herds of cattle are not too large there appears to be
slight likelihood of the insects being trampled out, particu-
larly in the loose or sandy soils. Wherever grass is at all
scanty, the number of cattle becomes more limited, which con-
dition decreases chances for injury and destruction of the
insects. The dried dung forms excellent shelter, under such
conditions, for adults, and possibly for the larvae. A marked
preference is shown by the adults for such cover, especially if
the cakes are thin, and sufficiently well dried to posse--, non-
conducting properties. Serious damage by this pest often fol-
lows planting of a cereal crop on old pasture land or on adja-
cent land, as such a tract might serve as a center of infesta-
tion for all nearby cultivated fields.

Areas upon which systematic crop rotation has not been
practiced and upon which wheat has been planted year alter
year without fallowing are generally much more heavily in-
fested.

6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

While an infested field is likely to contain several species,
there will be occasional areas containing a large majority of
specimens of a single species, which constitutes the principal
pest of that immediate locality. Hence collections made on
July 31 at Ford, Kansas, around newly stacked wheat in up-
land sandy loam, furnished practically all adults of Eleodes
opaca Say, whereas collections made at Dodge City, Kansas,
15 miles away, three days later, under the same general con-
ditions, furnished practically all adults of Eleodes obsolete
Say. Again collections made on July 22 at Plains, Kansas,
from beneath wheat shocks in an upland field recently in native
sod, were nearly all adults of Eleodes sutitralis Say, whereas
collections made at Liberal, Kansas, 20 miles distant, two days
later, under the same general conditions, furnished practically
all adults of Eleodes opaca Say. The complexity of distribu-
tion points to the necessity for more careful study of the dif-
ferent species of similar habits from a greater number of col-
lections made over more extended and diverse territory before
deductions as to control should be considered absolutely trust-
worthy.

While the scope of this paper does not include a discussion
in detail of prevention and control, it is believed that a study
of the factors as outlined, affecting the distribution of these
pests in relation to possible control measures, will indicate that
a .carefully worked out system of crop rotation will prove to be
one of the best measures to be advocated. However, the keep^
ing down of weeds, and destruction of all debris, especially
dead and decaying vegetable matter upon or near to infested
tracts, together with late winter or early spring plowing doubt-
less also will prove to be of much value.

A New Pterophorus (Lepid.).

By Wr. S. WRIGHT, San Diego, California.

Pterophorus fieldi, n. sp.

Expanse 21 to 26 mm.

Palpi, front and vertex mottled light brown and white; antennae
whitish with very fine brown annulations.

Anterior part of thorax but?, this color spreading out into the base

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7

of custa of primaries, somewhat darker and narrower in 1 email's than
males. Thorax dorsally brown, becoming lighter basally. Abdomen
light brownish buff on anterior part with a red-brown squarish spot
close to base, becoming quite dark, almost seal-brown, mottled with
lighter on the anal segments.

Fore wings : Ground color white, the costal edge, discal area from
base to cleft, and inner margin broadly brown-streaked, the spaces
between being more or less suffused with light brown scales. A dark
browm costal streak just above the base of the cleft, connected broadly
with the outer end of the discal streak, preceded and followed by
white; another brown costal streak at the base of the first lobe occu-
pying about one-half the space then narrowly white to apex. Extreme
tip dark, two short dark longitudinal streaks, rather faint, near the
base of the lobe. A white spot resting on the base of the cleft con-
nected obliquely by a fine white line to the outer costal white spot.
Second lobe brown at tip, a faint brown line down the center, a small
rectangular white spot on vein \b at about one-third from the base.
Fringe smoky, a whitish spot at anal angle, darker within the cleft, a
very dark spot a little inward from tip of first lobe.

Hind wings dull smoky brown with a faint reddish tinge and darker
fringes.

Legs white, more or less mottled with light brown, a small brush
of appressed brown scales at end of fore tibia. The middle tibia
shows the same development and in addition has a small cluster of
long scales at the center. Hind tibia as the middle, but a little more
prominent. Spurs light at base, smoky at tip.

In many specimens the scale clusters on tibiae become more or less
ol solete, being represented by a slight swelling of the member at middle
and end.

Types: Male, San Diego, California, May 24, 1910 (dm.
H. Field). Female. San Diego, California, June 23, 1911
(Author). In author's collection.

Parat\pes : 33 specimens, male and female, in Mr. Field's
.'i ml the author's collections. All taken at San Diego. Califor-
nia, between the 24th of May and the 26th of June.

Seventy-two specimens were examined in this study ; all
were taken at light.

The species is dedicated to my friend, Mr. (leo. H. Held.
whose tireless field work has added many new specie^ and
much valuable information to the literature of West C<>a-t
Entomology.

8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Notes on Microlepidoptera with Descriptions of

New Species.

By ANNETTE F. BRAUN. Cincinnati, Ohio.

Isophrictis similiella Chambers.

Gclccliia simiUclla Chambers. Can. Ent. IV, 193, 1872.

Paltodora siinincUa (Chambers) Busck, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV,
779. 1903; XXX, 722, 1906.

The only reference to the life history of this species is found
in Mr. Busck's Revision of American Gclechiid Moths, where
he mentions the rearing of poor specimens from flower heads
of sunflower from Oklahoma.

The larvae bore in the receptacle of the flower heads of
hlack-eyed Susan (Rudbcckia hirla). At pupation the larva
burrows down into the stem for a distance of one-fourth to
two or three inches, where it makes an opening to the outside,
and then pupates in the stern.

The species is very common locally around Cincinnati, nearly
every flower head containing one or more of the whitish larvae.
The moths emerge during the flowering period of the plant,
which extends from June to August.

Aristotelia robusta n. sp.

Head and face yellowish fuscous, palpi dark fuscous irrorated with
black ; second segment whitish inwardly and at extreme apex out-
wardly, third segment shorter and thicker than usual, apical half
white ; extreme tip sometimes black. Antennae blackish fuscous in
the apical half, with the last segment, and fifth and tenth from the
tip white ; beginning with the fourteenth segment from the tip, paler
fuscous, annulate with yellowish white.

Fore wings dull ocherous rather densely overlaid with purplish
fuscous dusting, especially toward apex, where it obscures the ground
color. Before the middle of the wing and beginning within the costa,
a darker shade crosses the wing very obliquely to the fold where it
spreads out, rarely reaching the dorsal margin near tornus. At two-
thirds a not very oblique yellowish costal streak passes to the middle
of the wing just beyond the rather elongate black spot at the end of
the cell. A dark line at the base of the cilia is broken on the costa
by four faint ocherous spots ; similar pale spots sometimes visible
along termen. Hind wings fuscous. Legs dull yellowish, densely
dusted with dark fuscous outwardly. Alar expanse: 11-12 mm.

pe ( $ ) rind 30 paratypes reared from larvae mining

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9

leaves of Scirpits atroi'ircns, Cincinnati, Ohio. Type and par-
atypes in writer's collection, paratype in collection of the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences oi Philadelphia.

The larvae begin to mine early in April. The mine extends
toward the tip of the leaf, beginning as a small transparent
blotch, with an opening on the under side of the leaf ; following
this is a linear green portion with sides nearly parallel, in which
the leaf substance is not eaten ; beyond this the mine expands
and becomes larger and semi-transparent. When ready to
pupate, the larva leaves the mine through a circular hole in
the upper side of the linear green portion. Larva whitish with
head black, thoracic plate dark brown, a brown spot on pos-
terior half of 9 and anterior half of 10. The imagoes emerge
in early June.

This species is most easily distinguished by the thickened
dark palpi with sharply contrasting whitish apical half of the
third segment.

Telphusa agrifolia n. sp.

Palpi with second segment dark gray, irrorated, with inner side
and sometimes extreme tip whitish, third segment black, sometimes
with an indistinct whitish annulus near tip. Face gray, head blackish,
irrorated ; antennae black, with gray annulations.

Fore wings with large patches of raised scales; ground color brown-
ish black, sometimes with golden brown reflections, especially in the
apical half, and sometimes unevenly dusted with pale brownish and
whitish scales.

In one form an oblique whitish band crosses from basal fourth of
costa to near middle of dorsum, and follows the dorsum, but is inter-
rupted just before the tornus by an extension of ground color to the
margin; at the tornus it curves upwards and ends beneath the apex:
its shape and position are almost exactly those of the white band in
T. lonyifasciella Clemens. An inwardly oblique irregular line of paler
scales sometimes crosses the wing from apical third of costa to just
beyond the middle of the dorsum. The ground color is darkest im-
mediately before the oblique band, and before the curved portion of
the whitish area beneath the apex.

In the more common form, the white is almost everywhere replaced
by dull blackish blue; a longitudinal streak of whitish scales some-
times remains just below basal fourth of costa; a few pale scales
follow the inner edge of the curved portion beneath the apev

Three darker spots along costa in apical third, a dark patch at apex.

10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

and three or four small dark spots along termen. The patches of
raised scales are situated as follows : one within the dorsal margin
near hase ; heyond it another at the inner edge of the white band;
raised scales border the white band also just above the fold; beyond
the fascia on the disk a large tuft, and beyond this tuft, but nearer
the costa, a minute tuft; obliquely below the first of these, a larger
tuft in the fold, followed by a large tuft above the fold, immediately
above the second of these tufts, and sometimes connected with it, is a
small tuft. Just above the space between the two large tufts the
ground color is darkened. A line of slightly raised scales borders the
inner edge of the curved portion of the band beneath apex. Hind wings
brownish gray, darker along the margins, cilia concolorous. Legs
fuscous, irrorated, with tips of segments whitish. Alar expanse
13.5-14 mm.

Type ( $ ), a specimen of the dark form, reared from larva
on California live oak, Qucrcus agri folia; Alameda County,
California. Paratypes : Alameda County ; Redwood Canyon.
Marin County ; Dutch Flat, Placer County ; Mt. Saw Tooth,
Tulare County, California, 11,500 ft. Type in the writer's
collection, paratypes in the collection of the Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia, the California Academy of Sci-
ences, and in the U. S. National Museum.

The following note will aid in identifying the larva : Head
and next two segments dark plum-colored, remainder of body
grayish with tubercles dark.

This species is the closest ally of the eastern T. longifasciella
Clemens, but is very distinct from it. The dark form is the
most common ; specimens with a distinct whitish band are
rather unusual, but all gradations between the two occur to-
gether.

Recurvaria ceanothiella n. sp.

Face white, head dusted with dark fuscous ; palpi black, second seg-
ment with a narrow white annulus near apex, and another at extreme
apex, more whitish inwardly, third segment with a white annulus at
base and middle, extreme tip white. Antennae dark fuscous, basal
segment white anteriorly, stalk annulate with gray.

Fore wings whitish, densely dusted with dark fuscous; three darker
shades cross the wing obliquely, at one-fourth, one-half and three-
fourths respectively, sometimes scarcely distinguishable from the rest
of the wing except as dark patches on costa. Between the first of
these and the base of the wing, a small black spot on costa; between

XXxii, *2l] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11

the first and second dark shade. a black spot within the costa; beyond
the third dark shade, a narrow whitish s!re::k. sometimes almost
o!)literated by dusting, curses inward just within the costa, then runs
obliquely outward to the ternien just beyond tornus. A more or less
distinct black dot in apex, preceded by one or two more or less distinct
black dots on costa and termen. Three la rye patche , of black rai>ed
scales in a line about equally spaced, the first two in the fold, the third
above it, and lying in the dark .shades. XYaivr the base than the first
of these is a small black spot on the dorsal margin. Hind winy with-
out hair pencil in male. Legs yray with tips of segments silvery; a
faint paler bar across hind tibiae. Alar expanse: 11-1.1 mm.

Type ( $ ) .'ind a large scries of paratypes reared from
larvae mining leaves of Ccanotlnts (lit'aricntiis Xutt.. Dutch
Flat. Placer County, California. Type and paratypes in the
writer's collection, paratypes in the collections of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the California Acad-
emy of Sciences.

The mine starts on the lower side of the leaf, usually next
to the midrib; the entrance guarded by a short tube of silk.
The mine is at first linear, with branches extending out from
it; later blotchlike. including the linear portion. Pupa in a
cocoon between two leaves tightly spun together. Larvae re-
ceived February 20, imagoes April 15 to May (>.

The curved pale streak at three-fourths and the line of three
patches of raised scales are the most distinguishing character-
istics of this species.

Brachmia hystricella n. sp.

Face pale straw-colored, head brownish ocherous, palpi brownish
ocherous, upper and lower edge with a fine white line from bast to
apex, antennae brownish, banded beneath with whitish.

Thorax and fore wings brownish ocherous or fuscous; veins dis-
tinctly outlined with pale straw color; costal and dorsal margins and
a streak from middle to end of cell also whitish; a curved white
streak, with convex side toward the costa, lies between the cell and
costal margin. There is a round black discal spot on die middle of
the cell, and a similar one at the end of the cell; an elongate black
spot in the fold beginning below the first discal ; all three spots edged
with white scales. Costal cilia straw-colored, cilia on termen fuscous,
sharply contrasting along a diagonal line at apex; margin of termen
blackish, cilia with two parallel fuscous lines, of which the outer is
usually the darker and broader. Hind wings whitish straw -co],
or grayish. Legs straw-colored. Alar expanse: 13-15 mm.

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Type and seven paratypes reared from larvae in rolled
leaves of Hystri.v patula, Cincinnati, Ohio. Type and para-
types in writer's collection, paratype in collection of the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

There are several generations a year ; larvae winter in the
rolled leaves and reach maturity early in spring.

Larva with head brownish ocherous, lateral margins dark reddish
brown, the dark brown continuing on the whitish first thoracic seg-
ment as two posteriorly converging lines, next four segments dark
reddish brown, anterior margins of second and third thoracic seg-
ments whitish, remaining abdominal segments whitish, with subdorsal
brown line and oblique brown bar extending from subdorsal line at
anterior margin of each segment posteriorly and ventrally.

Brachmia badia n. sp.

Head and face ocherous, palpi with a white line beneath ; antennae
ocherous, ends of segments brownish ocherous above.

Thorax and fore wings ocru-rous, the scales in the outer half of the
wing tipped with a slightly deeper more reddish color. A dark brown
discal dot in middle of cell, and a larger slightly transverse spot at
end of cell, a dark brown plical spot a little anterior to the first discal.
Cilia concolorous with* wing ; with two faintly indicated darker lines
along the termen. Hind wings whitish. Legs brownish ocherous.
Alar expanse: 16 mm.

Type ( $ ), Fredalba, California, August 13 (G. R. Pilate).
Type in writer's collection.

The addition of this species to our fauna is interesting be-
cause it shows the extended distribution of the genus in the
United States.

Ethmia longimaculella Chambers.

Ethmici longimaculella Chambers, Can. Ent., IV, 43, 1872; Dyar,
Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 207, 1902; Barnes & Busck, Contrib. Nat.
Hist. Lep., IV, pi. XVII. f. 14, pi. XXXVI, f. 1, 1920.

syn. walsinghamella Beut., Ent. Am., V, 9, 1889.

Large numbers of the larvae of this species were found
feeding on leaves of Lithospermum I at i folium, Clermont Coun-
ty. Ohio, July 10. The larva when young spins a web on the
under side of a leaf, stretching from midrib to a lateral vein,
but not reaching the margin. At this time it eats the lower
side of the leaf, leaving the upper epidermis untouched. Later
it folds the leaf upwards, bringing the margins together near

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13

the base; within this it spins a fine \vel> spreading outwardly ;
the lower epidermis is left uneaten now.

The larva is a very conspicuously marked creature: head almost
black, first thoracic segment golden !>rovvn, second thoracic segment
very dark reddish brown, remaining segments somewhat paler brown
with four irregular pale brownish yellow conspicuous transverse bands
situated as follows: at the anterior margin of the third thoracic, across
the posterior margin of the third thoracic and anterior margin of the
first abdominal, at the posterior margin of the fifth abdominal, and
at the posterior margin of the sixth abdominal segments respectively.

Cocoon of silk and bits of rubbish on the surface ol the
ground. Imagoes May 12-15 of the following year.

Heliozela aesella Chambers.

Hclioscla aesella Chambers, Can. Ent.. IX, 108, 1877.

The larvae produce flattened galls on leaves of grape. The
gall consists of an irregularly shaped thickening of the leaf, sit-
uated on a vein and extending to either side of it, the area in-
volved rarely being more than one centimeter in diameter, with
a thickness perhaps three or four times that of the leaf itself.
The galls are paler in color than the rest of the leaf and about
equally distinct on the upper and lower surface. The larva
consumes most of the leaf substance in the gall, especially in
a large oval area, where only the epidermis is left. At maturi-
ty it cuts from this area, an oval case, in outline similar to
that of Antispila. This case, however, does not remain flat,
but is rolled up into a spindle, which falls to the ground. The
spindle is flattened at each end. where a semi-circular fissure
is left, guarded by the closely appressed, flattened, projecting
ends. The spindle is then covered with fine panicles of earth,
and lined throughout with close whitish silk. Within this
cocoon an inner pupal chamber is partitioned oft" : this tapers
to a point at the posterior end, but at the anterior end is closed
by a flat transverse sheet of papery silk. In emergence, the
pupa pushes up this sheet of silk and protrudes fn>m the
cocoon to the side of the median line between the flat project-
ing ends.

The moths appear in the latter part of April and in early
May; the galls develop on the expanding leaves and arc fully
formed by the beginning of June. The larvae reach maiuri'.y

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

about the middle of June. There is but one generation a year.
In the vicinity of Cincinnati I have found the galls only on
Vitis cordifolia. In other localities it occurs on other species
of grape ; specimens of the work on a cultivated variety from
Boston were submitted to me for identification some years ago
by Mr. J. L. King, at that time on the staff of the Ohio Agri-
cultural Experiment Station. In a letter accompanying the
specimens he wrote that it has also been observed in the grape
belt in northern Ohio.

Argyresthia undulatella Chambers.

Argyrcsthia uiidulatcHa Chambers, Can. Ent., VI, 10, 1874: Busck,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XXXII, 22, 1907.

The larvae mine in the inner living bark of the main trunk
and branches of the red elm (Uliiius fnh'a-}, hollowing out an
elongate cavity. In early spring the presence of the larvae is
shown by the brownish frass which is pushed to the outside.
Early in April, in a crevice of the bark, it spins its cocoon, con-
sisting of an inner spindle-shaped cocoon of very fine soft silk,
covered on the outer side with a coarse web of irregular mesh.
The cocoons are often found on the trunks in great numbers.

Coleophora coenosipennella Clemens.

Coleophora coenosipennella Clemens; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
5. I860; Tin. No. Am., 88, 1872.

The type of this species is not now in existence ; but speci-
mens of a species feeding on seeds of Stcllaria pub era (great
chick weed) agree so closely with Clemens' description of that
species that I have no hesitation in determining them as that
species. There is, however, considerable variation in ground
color; the color ranges from very pale yellow to brownish.
In the palest specimens, the white streaks are broader than the
intervening streaks of ground color; in the darker specimens
the reverse is the case, and the ground color almost obliterates
the short oblique white streaks between the terminal portions
of the costal and distal streaks. The basal segment of the
antennae and also two or three succeeding segments are swol-
len with closely appressed scales. The wing expanse is 11.5—
12 mm.

Specimens determined as this species have been placed in

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15

the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia, and in the U. S. National Museum.

The moths appear in the latter half of April. Very young
larvae were collected feeding within the unopened seed-pods
of the chickweed in the middle of May. Even at .this time, the
flowering stems are wilted down and lying on the ground. The
first silken cases were ohserved on May 25 ; this silken case is
attached to the outside of the pod and the larva feeds on the
seeds within. When the valves of the pod begin to curl open,
a smooth sheet of silk is spun across, which prevents the seeds
from dropping out. To this sheet of silk the case is now usu-
ally attached. The larvae feed for about ten days after spin-
ning the silken case. Case short cylindrical, 6 mm. long, with'
strongly deflexed mouth, three-valved at apex ; yellowish white
at first, grayish when mature, and decorated with numerous
dark reddish granules.

Coleophora borea n. sp.

Face and mid-dorsal line of head brownish ocherous, sides of the
head whitish, palpi white above, brownish ocherous or fuscous be-
neath, second segment with a pointed tuft projecting more than half
the length of the third segment ; antennae white, annulate with brown-
ish ocherous or fuscous, basal segment and four or five succeeding
segments somewhat thickened with scales.

Fore wings brownish ocherous or fuscous with the veins except the
base of the upper margin of the cell distinctly outlined in white;
dorsal margin white; interspaces between the costal veins shading to
dark brown at the base of the costal cilia; the dark brown usually
forms a streak below vein 7, extending into the apical cilia ; a broad
streak sometimes dark brown, sometimes scarcely deeper than the
ground color, extends the length of the cell and ends in a dark brown
spot, which is most conspicuous in the paler specimens. Cilia brownish
ocherous intermixed with white scales, which form a line at the base
of the cilia along the termen. Hind wings and cilia fuscous. Legs
whitish ocherous, first two pair fuscous outwardly, posterior pair with
a fuscous line along the outside. Alar expanse: 15-16 mm.

Tvf>e ( $ ) and 25 paratypes reared from larvae mining into
seeds of the climbing false buckwheat (Polyyonnui scandals] ;
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Type and paratypes in the writer's collection ; paratypr^ m
the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia and in the U. S. National Museum.

16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

The moths appear in the first half of September. The
larvae at first feed within the seeds and at the end of Novem-
ber or the beginning of December spin the first case, which is
yellowish white, straight and cylindrical, more or less thickly
strewn with granules, especially near the mouth, with the apex
at this time roughly two-valved. The larvae spin and feed
actively when the temperature is well below the freezing point;
in fact development takes place more rapidly out-of-doors than
in a warm room. The case is gradually enlarged and thick-
ened, becoming dark brownish gray except along a slight pro-
jecting keel on the ventral side. The larvae feed during the
winter becoming full grown early in March, the case is now
almost black, stout cylindrical, 8-9 mm. long, three-valved at
apex, with the plane of the mouth forming a very acute angle
with the long axis.

The distinguishing characters of this species are the distinct
undusted white lines and the dark streak and spot at the end
of the cell. From C. ainaranthclla, which also possesses a sim-
ilar dark spot, it is separated by the absence of dusting. The
very different case separates it from the other Polygonutn-
feeding species, C. sJialericlla, which is similarly marked with
white streaks, but lacks the dark streak and spot.

Coleophora duplicis n. sp.

Face white mixed with pale ocherous ; palpi white above, pale
ocherous inwardly, fuscous outwardly ; antennae white, with first seg-
ment somewhat thickened with anteriorly projecting pale brownish
scales; stalk either white or with distinct ocherous or fuscous annula-
tions (the variation independent of sex).

Fore wings grayish ocherous, sometimes brownish: very rarely pale
brownish ocherous ; broad white streaks follow the course of the veins
in the costal half of the wing, with the spaces between them dusted
with blackish scales and darkening toward margin, the white streak
along upper margin of cell also somewhat dusted in its outer half and
usually confluent with a short streak through the outer half of the cell ;
all these white streaks in the costal half of the wing are often confluent
with almost entire absence of dusting except toward apex. A broad
white dusted streak follows the fold, with the ground color on either
side of it not dusted; dorsal margin white. Cilia pale brownish
ocherous with scales at their bases white. Hind wings and cilia pale
fuscous. Legs white, fore and middle pair outwardly fuscous, posterior
pair with a fuscous line on the outer side. Alar expanse: 11.5-14.5 mm.

XXxii, '21 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17

T\f>e ( 9 ) and eleven paratypes reared from larvae mining
seeds of Aster shortii, eleven reared from Aster cordifolins,
twenty from Solidago cacsia and Solidago latifolia, many speci-
mens captured on flowers of Aster in September, all at Cincin-
nati, Ohio ; a series taken on golden rod flowers. Ilalsam. Xorth
Carolina. August 15-25. Type and paratypes in writer's col-
lection, paratypes in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia and in the U. S. National Museum.

The larvae mine at first within the seeds, later (in October
and early November) constructing buff silken cases, marked
with darker longitudinal streaks and encircled with backwardly
projecting pappus attached near the mouth ; occasionally entire
dry disk flowers are attached to the case in the same manner;
numerous small fragments of flowers are attached near apex.
Case short cylindrical, bulging somewhat behind mouth, which
forms an acute angle with the axis ; apex prominently three-
valved, the angles sharp and at base projecting somewhat be-
yond the general outline of the case.

The following observations on the method of attaching the
pappus and constructing the case af'er the larva leaves Un-
seed may be of interest. The pappus is cut off at equal dis-
tances from the seed and passed forward between the logs.
The pieces are fastened together around the body of the cater-
pillar (i. e., attached by the larva working inside") by a few
strands of silk. At first they project irregularly, some even
pointing forward. When sufficient pieces have been put in
position the case itself is spun within the loosely fastened-
together pappus and the deflexecl mouth is added. At first the
case merely converges toward the apex ; later the apex is made
distinctly three-valved.

The largest specimens are those reared on Aster shortii. tin-
smallest on Solidago caesia; apparently the difference in size is
due directly to difference in food supply resultant upon tin-
small size of the seeds of the latter plant.

In general, this species may be distinguished by the pale
costal half of the wing in contract with the darker dorsal half.
Pale brownish ocherous almost undusted specimens, which
sometimes occur, are almost indistinguishable from C. gran-

18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

if era. This need not result in confusion of the two species, as
C. granifera emerges almost three months earlier. The case
of C. duplicis is almost identical with that of C. crlcoidcs on
another species of Aster, but besides differences in color and
markings C. crlcoidcs is much more slender and narrow-
winged.

Coleophora biforis n. sp.

Head pale grayish ocherous ; palpi whitish, apical half of second
segment blackish outwardly; lower edge of third black. Antennae with
basal segment thickened with scales, stalk white, with conspicuous
dark brown annulations.

Fore wings pale grayish ocherous, marked with whitish lines as fol-
lows : A distinct white streak from base along costa for about one-
half the wing length • a distinct rather broad white streak from base
along upper margin of cell, forking at one-third, the upper fork a
continuation of the broad white streak and running out to the middle
of costa, the lower fork continuing through the middle of the cell as
a very indistinct whitish line, which at the end of the cell bends up to
reach costa near apex. Sometimes at the bend it sends a branch to
termen. Between the ends of the forks, two short usually detached
whitish lines run to costa (sometimes these are branches of an indis-
tinct line along upper margin of cell) ; narrow whitish lines along fold
and along dorsum. Usually the white streak along costa and the white
streak along upper margin of cell to middle of costa are the only dis-
tinct white streaks. Extreme base of costa blackish. Hind wings
pale gray, cilia toward apex ocherous-tinged. Legs pale grayish
ocherous. Alar expanse: 11.5-12.5 mm.

Type ( $ ) and five paratypes reared from larvae mining
into seed pods of Lnziila catnpestris, Cincinnati, Ohio. Type
and paratypes in the writer's collection.

The cases may be found attached to the seed pods in April
and May ; the moths emerge the following spring at the time
of blooming of the food plant. The completed case measures
8-8.5 mm. in length, slender cylindrical, tapering to the three-
valved apex. The sides of the obtuse apical angles of the
valves are very short; from the point of union of adjacent
valves, a gradually lowering ridge runs about half-way down
the case.

xxxii, '21 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19

Two Days with Indiana Odonata.

By E. B. WILLIAM sox. Bluff ton, Indiana.

The positive limnotropism shown June 13, 1920, was first
evidenced June 6, when Professor ( )shurn. Dr. Kennedy and
myself were attracted to the woodland swamp southeast of
BlufYton, Indiana, which I have designated in previous papers
as the Vanemon swamp. This swamp will he known, long after
its decease, as the locality where the beautiful Acslina inntata
was rediscovered. And in that day when the swamp will have
become a cornfield will Acshna inntata also have disappeared
from the earth? A certain melancholv attends mv everv visit

j * *

to this swamp. Twenty years have seen profound changes
there, changes that speak too clearly of extinction. One can
consider his individual dissolution with a certain equanimity,
knowing that nothing of particular value to the race is involved
therein. But here, before his eyes, is taking- place the extinc-
tion of a habitat of numerous species, which will themselves
inevitably suffer annihilation at the same time. Are these
woodland swamps to pass without a historian to recount the
doings of their myriad plant and animal inhabitants ? The fail-
ure to record the comings and goings and the infinite activi-
tic^ at these swamps will be held bv future generations as
criminal folly on the part of the generation now living. Sea
shores can wait. The woodland swamps are going and going
fast, and their wonderful and interesting fauna and flora are
going with them.

( >ur trip to the Vanemon swamp on June 6 was made espe-
cially to obtain life history material of Epiacschna herns, in
which Dr. Kennedy was interested. He was able in several
instances to observe females of this species ovipositing and to
obtain the eggs. \Yhile he was so engaged. I waded out to
the little dwindling patch of spatterdock in the northwest part
of the swamp where I found both Enallagma cyathigerum and
calvcrti flying. It is interesting to note that these two species
are absolutely indistinguishable on the wing, just as at the same
>eason, at more open pools and at lakes. Enallagma chriinn
and hafjoii cannot be specifically recognized in flight. Later
in the season certain Sympetra present a similar but not quite

20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

so difficult or impossible task for the collector. In collecting in
the tropics this difficulty is more rarely encountered. Seven
species of Argla all taken one day on one small stream were
all easily specifically recognizable before being netted.

The appearance of Enallagmas at the Vanemon swamp this
year is their second appearance there since 1900. The first
appearance was in 1907, when on June 16 and 18, I took 77
males and 25 females of calvcrti and 3 males and 1 female of
cyathigcruiii. (ENT. NEWS, July '08.) In 1907 a single male
aspcrsimi was seen, and I think satisfactorily identified, but
not captured. This year a single male of ebriitm' \VSLS taken
at the swamp, associated with the other two Enallagmas,
cyathigcritm and calvcrti.

Mr. Frank C. Waugh and I went to the swamp on June 13
to complete some observations and make comparisons with
conditions noticed a week earlier. The following remarks on
the Enallagmas are based on observations made during both
trips, June 6 and June 13. On June 6, 13 males of calvcrti
and only a single male of cyathigentin and a female of each
were taken. On June 13 the proportion was different, 32
males of cok'crti and 10 males of cyathigcntm, and a single
male of ebriuin being taken. The last is a new record for the
swamp. The Enallagmas were more numerous on June 13
and were flying generally over the entire swamp. They were
restless, seldom alighted, flew close to the water and were
therefore not easily netted. They were possibly more abund-
ant about the spatterdock leaves. There are at the present
time possibly half a dozen clumps, too small to be called areas,
of this plant in the swamp. On June 6 pairing and ovipositing
were going on more actively than on June 13, which was a
cooler and cloudier day. The pairs rested on the floating spat-
terdock leaves and so far as observed oviposition was invari-
ably in the upper surface of the leaf, no particular area of this
surface being preferred. The female, in couple with the male,
held her abdomen nearly vertical and gave a quick push to
insert a single egg. A single egg to several eggs might be
placed in a leaf, the pair generally moving restlessly from leaf
to leaf. The spot of insertion of the egg is soon marked by a

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21

small light brown spot, which, under low magnification, shows
many small perforations. The long curved egg is placed ver-
tically in the plant tissue. The larva on hatching must find its
way over the leaf surface to the water.

The apical black ring and the sub-apical dorsal black spot on
the second abdominal segment of the male were separate in 20
males of cah'crti and 8 males of cvalliigcniin, very narrowly
joined by a dorsal line in 13 males of caherti and 2 males of
cyathigerum, more broadly joined in 9 males of calrcrti and 1
male of cyathigerum, and very broadly joined in 3 males of
calrcrti.

"When we visited the swamp on June 6, Lestcs ford pat us
was very numerous as tenerals in the low adjacent woodland
and as adults, singly and with many pairs in couple, over the
marsh. On June 13 Lestcs u neat its was the more abundant
species, many pairs being seen. On both dates numbers of
Iscliunra verticals were seen, Ana.v jitnius was ranging freely
over the entire swamp, and on June 6 an occasional male of
Epiaeschna hcros passed high overhead from the forest and
back again into the forest, while a few females prowled the
ill-defined shore line, occasionally alighting to oviposit. ( )n
June 13 a single freshly emerged hut mature male Aeshna
iniitata was flying in the vicinity of a spat'erdock clump, where
it was captured. Platlicmis lydia and Lib ell nl a pulchclla were
common on both dates and on June 13 I saw several males of
the restless and wary Libcllula ribrans at the northeast part of
the swamp, near the outlet, and succeeded in netting two of
them. On the same date Pachydiplax lonyipennis and Er\-
Ihcinis simplicicollis were generally common, the males of the
la'ter species frequently displaying their unique performance
by two individuals of flying about each other in intersec in-
circles. Two males of Tramca Carolina were seen June (> and
several males and a few pairs of laccrata were seen on (nne
13.

In 1(X)7, when the Enallagmas were discovered at the Yane-
mon swamp, I visited the old gravel pits and other pools known
to me in the count v, in an effort to locate other colonies of the
species observed at the >\vaiiip and no such colonies were lo-

22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

cated. The most likely place to look for such colonies are the
Doster ponds, near Poneto, five or six miles southwest of
the Vanemon swamp, in the direction of the prevailing winds.
The Doster ponds are three artificial ponds lying near together
in an east and west row, with a shallow canal, circling- to the
south through woodland, joining the east and west ponds. A
fourth smaller pond lies just south of the west pond. These
ponds are of interest as furnishing the single male of Libellula
c.vusta ever seen in the county and at the same time when it
was taken, and never before or since, Lcitcorhinia frigida was
taken at the west pond associated with the Libellula.

Leaving the Vanemon swamp, Mr. Waugh and I reached
the Doster ponds about eleven o'clock, where we were unable
to find either Enallagma calverti or cyathigerum. At the west
pond, the shallowest one, we took Enallagma hagcni and
ebrinm, and at the east pond tra-inahtm, c.vsulans and anten-
natnm, neither of the two taken at the west pond being ob-
served here. No Emallagmas were seen at the middle pond,
but Trainca lacerata and Gomphus gmslinellus were seen at all
three ponds. At the east pond a single male Epicorduha prin-
ccps was patrolling the south side.

We returned home about 1.30 o'clock and after a hurried
lunch I went to the ripple in the Wabash River, where last year
on June 8, Gomphus crass us and f rat emits were flying in num-
bers (ENT. NEWS, Dec., 1919). The afternoon was cloudy
and windy, but in about an hour I caught 22 males of crassus
and a single male of graslinellns. In 1919 about one-fifth of
the Gomplii captured at the ripple were fratcrnns, but not one
was seen this year, while graslineUiis, not seen in 1919, was
represented by a single male in 1920. At the ripple where the
Gomphi were taken the other dragontiies on the wing were
Hctaerina amcricana. Arc/la moesla, EiiaHagina antcninitiiin
and Ischnura vertically.

To refer again to the Vanemon swamp, a complete list of
the dragonflies observed there during the past twenty years
may be of interest. No calopterygine, gomphine or corcluliiu-
has ever been seen at the swamp. The list follows :

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23

I.estes congener, eurinus, forcipatus, rccUinynlaris, uncatits, unguicu-
iatits, Enallai/ma aspersitin, calrcrtl, cyutlihicnim, cbriinn, Nehalennia
iren^Jschnurd posita, froi/initha. Tcrticnlis, Anomalagrion haxtatum.

.-\nct.\- jiinius. Acsliuti constncta innlata, Epiaeschna /i££3£.

Librllula pulchclla. qiiadriuiacitlata, scinifnsciata, i'ibrntts, Plalhcmis
Ivdia, Erythcinis shnplicicollix. Sympctnttn mnbn/uitin, obtnisum, rubl-
ciindnluiii, riciinon, I'acliydif>l(i.\- Inin/ipsiniis. l.cnchorhinia intiicta,
Tramea Carolina and laccrata.

A total of 33 species, which may he taken as practically
complete for woodland swamp dragonfly associations in north-
ern Indiana. But this association is no fixed certain thing: it
is a fluctuating association marked by comings and goings, by
appearances and disappearances, by ebbs and flows. Libellula
quadrinuiciilaia was there only one year; Enallagmas appeared
in 1907, to disappear until 13 years later; certain species are
present every year. There are many other species of animals
at the swamp of which I know nothing. Formerly a Sparyan-
iuin swamp, the Sparganiuni has entirely disappeared: a Scir-
pns came in, spread for a few years, and has gone ; and so it
goes. Will not someone appreciate the beauty and interest of
this swamp before the swamp itself is gone forever?

A New Xylophanes from Cuba (Lepid., Sphingidae).

By DR. C. T. RAMSDEN, Guantanamo, Cuba.

Among Sphingids taken at light at (iuantanamo, Cuba, in
1917, appeared what seems to be a new Xylophones, which 1
take pleasure in naming for Mr. B. Preston C'lark, of Boston.
Massachusetts, in recognition of his keen interest in this
family.

Xylophanes clarki, n. sp.

Head and thorax Fronts brown, a pale ochraceous salmon-colored
stripe from in front of, and passing over, eye to end of thorax. Palpi
Buckthorn brown. Antennae Fronts brown. Body aboye Dresden
brown, below antimony yellow, while the sides are yellow ochre.

l't>f>crsidc. Primaries: Dresden brown with seven Fronts brown
postmedian tranverse lines which besjin near the middle of inner mar-
gin and extend apically : the first of these is darkest in color, extends
apically for 15 mm., then turns sharply to the costa where it terminates;

24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

the third, fourth and fifth are bowed between the veins, giving a waved
effect, forming sharp apices on the veins ; the sixth is broader and
terminates at the apex; the seventh joins the sixth just before it
reaches the apex. On the costal margin at one quarter of the distance
from base to apex, a line 2 mm. in length extends obliquely towards
the inner margin, then runs basally at right angles for 3 mm.; distally
of this line and 1 mm. from it there runs another parallel to it; from
these lines basally and limited by the first of the postmedian trans-
verse lines and the inner margin is a pale ochraceous salmon-colored
area.

Secondaries : Bister color at base, shading into Fronts brown to-
wards distal margin. A rowr of eight yellow ochre spots, placed one
between each two veins, extends from anal angle nearly reaching the
costa.

Underside. Primaries: Basal half of wing Dresden brown. A warm
buff patch reaching from inner margin to costa which is of the same
color ; outside of this is a clay-colored patch which starts at anal
angle, widening at center, then narrowing again as it reaches the apex.
There is a reddish brown point on each vein in the warm buff patch.

Secondaries : Warm buff. A clay-colored stripe extends from near
anal angle along inner margin, widening as it reaches the apex. A
row of brown points extends from costa to near anal angle, one on
each vein ; interior and parallel to these points are two reddish brown
lines, the one nearer the base of wing being more pronounced.

Extent of one wing, 29 mm.

Type: One male, Guaiitanamo, Cuba, 20th June, 1917, in
the collection of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia.

The above species is close to X. fosteri R. & J., but differs
from it, above, in having the stigma very obscure while in
fosteri it is very prominent. The solid brown area between
the two basal transverse lines of fosteri extending from the
inner margin about 4 mm., and standing out in sharp contrast
with the rest of the forewing, is entirely lacking in clarki. The
row of eight yellow ochre spots of the secondaries of clarki is
replaced by a continuous band in fosteri.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1921.

Another New Year's Resolution.

A year ago, on the editorial page of the NEWS for January.
1920. we puhlished eleven New Year's Resolutions for the
Entomologist. \Ye shall not repeat them here, although they
are quite as well worthy of remembrance and of practice in
1921 as in 1920, and we respectfully refer them to the atten-
tion of collectors and writers. All of us, including the editor,
forget, or neglect to do, things we ought to do. As the result
of our neglect the other fellow often must devote some pre-
cious time to making good our omissions, deficiencies and
errors. Many a half hour, with its opportunity for original
or constructive work, is lost because some correspondent need-
lessly inflicts upon a busy man data which are illegible, un-
certain, or incomplete. There is a paper, or a drawing for
an illustration, which is unfinished in some detail and must be
returned to the author for correction. There are questions
raised which the inquirer could have answered for himself by
a little more personal effort and investigation. As we grmv
older, we appreciate more fully the fleetingness of time, the
shortening of our working life. Let us add to the Xew
YeaiVs resolutions of 1920 a twelfth for 1921, whose spirit is
so general as to include the reason for all those eleven:

Don't bother the other fellow with the sort of things you
don't like to be bothered about yourself.

25

26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE

An Additional Distributional Record for Rhacognathus americanus

Stal. (Hemip.-Heterop.)

Concerning the then known distribution of this rather uncommon
pentatomid, Uhler remarked (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, No. 5,
1876, 282) : "Inhabits Illinois, Nebraska and Canada." The species
was described four years previously by Stal whose type came from
Illinois. Since that time a record for Ohio has been published. Van
Duzee (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXX, 1904, 68) mentions a specimen
in his collection that was taken at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Hart (Nat.
Hist. Surv. Illinois, XIII, 1919, 202) mentions five examples secured
in northern Illinois. To the best of my knowledge these constitute the
only available definite records for the species and I take pleasure in
adding another to the list.

On August 17, 1911, I collected a male on one of the grassy hills
in the vicinity of Fergus Falls, Minnesota. This specimen is almost
entirely black ; the only distinct light markings occur on the tibiae,
sternal plates, anterior median longitudinal line of the pronotum and
on the connexivum, where the marks are of a reddish tinge. The
rugae between the black punctures are but very faintly yellowish.
Length of this specimen which is now in my collection, 10.00 mm.

DAYTON STONF.R. University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.

Further Notes on "A Rare Pamphlet" (Hym., Lep., Neur.)

In ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, xxxi, p. 176, June, 1920, Mr. Nathan Banks
calls attention to a long-forgotten paper by Dr. A. S. Packard. This
paper was to have appeared in volume two of the Transactions of the
Chicago Academy in 1870, and was supposed to have been destroyed
with the rest of the publication in the great fire until the copy at
Cambridge was discovered. The fact that two species of moths were
described therein as new, among numerous other insects, aroused our
interest in the question raised by Mr. Banks as to its possibly valid
publication, and it was with some relief that we read a note by Mr.
Grote which accidentally came to our notice a short time later. This
note was published in the Canadian Entomologist, xxiv, pp. 182-3, 1892,
under the heading "Gastroparha alucensis." The specific name is ap-
parently a typographical error for alascensis. At the beginning of this
brief paper appears the following statement: "With regard to the
omission of this species from 'Mr. Grote's lists,' I would state that I
was informed that the entire edition of the Chicago Academy Trans-
actions, in which the description appeared, was destroyed in the Great
Fire, and that Dr. Packard in consequence regarded his paper as
unpublished." This is, of course, not conclusive evidence, but it is so

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27

nearly contemporary that it seems well to accept the solution offered
and regard the paper as unpublished. It would seem that if Dr. Pack-
ard held this opinion he and the other authors must have- descril>ed
their material elsewhere or made other disposition of it. The current
nomenclature in the genera concerned might throw some light on the
matter, hut the Lepidoptera described in the paper are so few that we
can gather nothing from them. In the genera of the two species
described as new we have but one Alaskan specimen each, and these
can readily be placed under species named in 1841 and 1871 respectively.
We expect to adopt this opinion in preparing our catalogue of
Lepidoptera, but recognize the possibility suggested by Mr. Banks
that the later discovery of additional copies may make it necessary
to regard the paper as published.

WM. BARNES, M.D., and A. W. LIXDSEV, PH.D.,

Decatur, Illinois.

Chalybion Dahlbom not a Synonym of Sceliphron Klug. (Hym.)

In a recent paper Ilutson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 45, 1919,
p. 218) tabulates the blue mud-daubers of North America and places
them in the genus Sceliphron Klug, giving Chulybion Dahlbom as a
synonym. For the black and yellow mud-daubers he would use the
name Pelopucns Latreille. This change in the generic names for these
groups is most unfortunate because it is not only unnecessary but con-
trary to the Rules of the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature. Hutson defends his usage by reference to recommen-
dations k and H of the International Commission, but entirely over-
looks the designation of genotypes made by previous students. In 1810
Latreille designated as type of Pelopaeus the species spirifc.v and in
1SU7 Bingham chose the same species as type of Scclif>hr<»i. The
species spirife.v was included in the original account of both of the
genera and the type designations must be considered as valid. c\en
though Bingham did not follow certain recommendations (he violated
no rules] of the International Code. Sceliphron Klug and /V/o/u/n/.v
Latreille are isogt-mitypic and since Sceliphron has priority I.atreille's
name must fall as a synonym. The black and yellow mud-daubers are
therefore' Sceliphron and the blue mud-daubers Chalybion. The
synonymy is, briefly, as follows :
Sceliphron Klug (1801) — Type. Sf>hc.r spirifc.r Linnaeus ( llinvhain

1897).

I'dopucits Latreille (1802) — Type. Splu'.r .v/vY/'/V.r Linnaeus (Lat-
reille 1810).

I'elopacits Patton, Hutson and others.

Chalybion Dahlbom (1843) — Type. Sphc.r cytinenin Linnaeus (Pat-
tun 188(1).

Sceliphron Hutson.

S. A. Rim \\ IK. I . S. National Must-urn. \Ya>hiiH't,.n. 1 >. C.

28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Kritomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above heart it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining' to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring: north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

1 — Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia. 2 — Transactions of the American Entomological Society,
Philadelphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 9—
The Entomologist, London. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, London. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Clare-
mont, Cal. 17 — Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 39 — The Florida En-
tomologist, Gainesville. 42 — Entomoligiske Meddelelser udgivne
of Entomologisk Forening, Kjobenhavn. 49 — Entomologische Mit-
teilungen Berlin-Dahlem. 50 — Proceedings of the United States
National Museum, Washington. 62— Bulletin of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, New York. 68 — Science, Lancaster, Pa.
76 — Nature, London. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa.
104 — Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 108—
Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. Ill — Archiv fur Nattir-
geschichte, Berlin. 116 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. M.

• GENERAL. Allard, H. A.— The flight of fireflies and the flash-
ing impulse. 68, Hi, 539-40. Casey, T. L. — Remarks on family names.
68, lii, 491-2. Hertwig, P. — Abweichende form der parthenogenese
bei einer mutation von Rhabditis pellio. (Arch. Mikrosk. Anat., xciv,
303-37.) Hopping, R. — Some winter insect life. 4, lii, 217-18. Hud-
son, G. V. — On some examples of New Zealand insects illustrating
the Darwinian principle of sexual selection. (Trans. Proc. New
Zealand Inst., lii, 431-8.) Krausse u. Wolff— Eine uebersicht uber
die bisher aufgestellten fossilen und rezenten insektenenordnungen.
Ill, 1919, A, 3, 150-71. Nielsen, J. C.— Obituary by J. P. Kryger.
42, xiii, 1-11. Schuster, W. — Entomologische anzeichen einer wie-
derkehrenden tertiarzeitahnlichen tierlebensperiode? 116, xxxiv,
62-3 cont.

ARACHNIDA &c. Campbell, A. S.— Central nervous system of
a centipede. 13, xii, 69-70. Case, S. — General reactions of a centi-
pede. 13, xii, 79-81. Deeley, R. M.— Mating dances of spiders. 76,
cvi, 345. Deichmann, E. — Note sur un cas do hermaphroditisme lat-
eral chez une araignee. 42, xiii, 181-2.

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 29

NEUROPTERA. Calvert, P. P.— The Costa Rican species of
Epigomphus and their mutual mating adaptations. 2, xlvi, 323-54.
Tucci, C. — Sulla differenziazione delle caste nello societa dei termi-
ticli i neotenici. (Atti R. Ac. Xaz. Lir.cei, cccxvii, 93-8.)

ORTHOPTERA. Brindley, H. H— Further notes on the food
plants of the common earwig. (Forficula auricularia.) (Proc.,
Cambridge Phil. Soc., xx, 50-55.) Rehn, J. A. G. — Records and de-
scriptions of Brazilian O. 1, 1920, 214-93.

HEMIPTERA. Allard, H. A. — Some observations concerning
the periodical cicada. 90, liv, 545-51. Distant, W. L. — Description
of a new genus and species of Cicadidae from Cuba. 11, vi, 455-fi.
Haviland, M, D. — Preliminary note on antennal variation in an
aphis (Myzus ribis.) (Proc., Cambridge Phil. Soc., xx, 35-41.)

LEPIDOPTERA. Bodley, H. S. J.— Butterfly delicacies. 17,
iv, 84. Frazier, W. E. — Collecting butterflies at night. 17, iv, 83-4.
Frohawk, F. W. — Duration of stages of Pyrameis atlanta. 9, liii.
252-4. McMurray, N. — Some collecting notes. 17, iv, 82-3. Onslow,
H. — Inheritance of wing color in L. Melanism in Boarmia abieta-
ria. 108, x, 135-40. Thompson, E. C. — Climatic variations in E. im-
perialis. 17, iv, 83.

Busck, A. — A new Gracilaria injurious to avocado. 4, Hi, 239.
Watson & Comstock — Notes on American L. with descriptions of
new varieties. 62, xlii, 447-57. Wright, W. S. — Report of the L.
of the American museum expedition to Arizona. 62, xlii, 483-90.

DIPTERA. Keilin et Picado. — Biologic et morphologie larvaires
d'Anastrcpha striata, mouche des fruits de 1'Amerique centrale.
i Bui. Scient., France et Belgique, xlviii, 423-41.)

Alexander, C. P.— New Nearctic crane-flies. Pt. X. 4, Hi, 224-9.

COLEOPTERA. Blunck, H.— Die cntwicklung des Dytiscus
marginalis vom ei bis zur imago. Part 2. 104, cxvii, 1-129. Kolbe,
H. — Die Paussiden Sudamerikas. 49, ix, 145-5(5. Minck, P. — Docu-
menta historiae Scarabaei nasicornis scarabaeorumsque veterum.
Ill, 1919. A. 4. 88-114. Moznette, G. F.— Luminous beetles of Flor-
ida. 39, iv. 17-ls. Obenberger, J. — Ueber neue Buprestidengattung.
49, ix, 157-72. Weiss & West. — Notes on Galerucella nymphaeae,
the pond-lily leaf-beetle. 4, Hi, 237-9.

Carr, F. S.— Albcrtan Coleoptera. 4, lii, 21S-20. Frost, C. A.—
Notes on the C. with descriptions of n. sns. 4, lii, 229-32.

HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Some Neotropical Meli-
pnnid bees. 62, xlii, 459-68. Emery, E. — La distribuzionc geogra-
phica attuale delle formiche. (Mem. d. R. Acad. Lincei, xiii, 357-

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

450.) Wolff, M.— Bermerkungen uber die p Porizoninen-gattungen
Isurgtis und Tersilochus. Ill, 1919. A, 3, 139-56.

Cushman, R. A. — North American ichneumon-flics, new and de-
scribed, with taxonomic and nomenclatorial notes. 50, Iviii, 251-92.
MacGillivray, A. D.— New saw-flics from Maine and New York. 4,
lii, 233-6.

A NEW STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC VALUE OK DRAGONFLIES.

Under the heading "Dragonflies and Damselflies in relation to pond
fish culture, with a list of those found near Fairport, Iowa," Professor
C. B. Wilson has published in the Bulletin of the U. S. Bureau of
Fisheries (Vol. 36, pp. 185-264) an interesting and valuable contri-
bution to knowledge of the biology of this group of insects. His
paper deals with the fundamentals of animal economy — food, enemies
and conditions for reproduction. His material was obtained in and
about the ponds of the Fisheries Biological Station at Fairport, a
description of which is first given. Then the relative abundance of the
dragonflies found there in the summer, as definitely determined hy
counts of cast nymphal skins left at emergence, is given. These counts
show the skimmer, Libcllula htctnosa to be by far the most numerous,
with Erythemis simpUcicoHis second. Then the food of 250 nymphs
determined by examination of the contents of the alimentary canal,
is given. These records corroborate and extend the observations of
Miss Mary B. Lyon at Ithaca (Entomological News 26: 1-15, 1019) and
of Alfred Warren in Hawaii (Coll. of Hawaii Hull. No. 3, 1915), and
show that while there are differences in diet according to species and
size of individuals, the staple foods in these ponds are small snails of
the genera Physa and Planorbis, mayfly nymphs and crustaceans. All
the forms studied eat also dragonfly nymphs smaller than themselves.
and some are cannibals, eating the young of their own species. Two
later sections of the paper discuss Odonata as food for fishes, sum-
marize the results of past studies on wild fishes and add some new data.

There are numerous figures that are, on the whole, well executed :
but the cleft middle lobe, shown in the labium of B. simplicicolUs in
figure 13, is surely an artifact or an error. The occipital tubercules
shown so prominently in the new hatched nymph of Epicorditlia
princeps. usually present, though small, on newly hatched nymphs
of Libelluline dragonflies, are not shown on any of the half do/en
figures representing new hatched nymphs of that subfamily.*

Under "experiments in hatching eggs," half a dozen spec it- of

*If the grave error charged against Needham & Lloyd of publish
ing (on page 389 of their Life of Inland li\ttcrx') a photograph with-
out stating whether the photograph was taken under natural or under
artificial conditions, may be helped thereby, the reviewer will here
state that the two were photographed as found in nature, and the
nymph was not starved into eating the fish

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31

dragonflies and two of damselflies arc treated, and figures and descrip-
tions arc given of the egg, the newly hatched nymph and of its detached
labiuin ; data on incubation and behavior accompany some of the de-
scriptions. The paper concludes with an annotated list of the 64
species known to occur near the Biological Laboratory.

The bibliography is less extensive in scope than the paper itself.
There is a brief account of the masticatory structures of the nymphal
gizzard, but with no mention of the extensive work of Ris and others
upon these structures. There is an extended account of mouth parts,
both nymphal and adult, but without mention of Miss Butler's com-
prehensive work upon these and their development.

Since the argument in favor of dragonflies as of value in pond
culture is based mainly on food relations, it is regrettable that one
serious error mars both the statement of facts and the argument.
This is the oft repeated and almost traditional error of including water
boatmen among the enemies of fishes. Hungerford's studies published
in Volume 25 of the Journal of the Ne^v York Entomological Society
(1917), showed clearly that corixids are not predatory at all, but feed
on algae and disintegrating plant residue.

This report is more a report of investigation and less an essay than
was the Larnborn volume of 1890; but one may admit all the facts it
presents without being able to concede that anima's like Odonata,
almost wholly carnivorous, and in part cannibals, are likely to prove
a better source o)' animal food for fishes than are such herbivores as
scuds, mayflies and midges, whose great function in life is that of
turning grass into flesh. The question as to what forms may best be
increased artificially for providing fishes with suitable animal food,
will doubtless be settled eventually by actual production of some of
them, and not by argument. If this work of Professor Wilson's paves
the way for some sustained intensive rearing operations on particular
species under controlled conditions at the Fairport Laboratory or else-
where, we may eventually have some knowledge of their real economic
value. — J. G. NEEDHAM.

Doings of Societies.

The American Entomological Society.

Meeting of June 9th. 1919, in the hall of The Academy of Natural
Sciences, fourteen persons present, Pres. Dr. Henry Skinner presiding.
Dr. Calvert moved the Society endorse the movement for the
exclusive use of the metric system. Seconded and carried.

Lepidoptera. — Mr. Coxey exhibited a specimen of I'apitio zceiskci
C. Ribbe, from the Aroa River, New Guinea, collected at an elevation
of 8000 feet. This was described in Inscctcn Rorsc. xviii, 1900. The
allied species from the A. N. S. Collection were also shown.

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Diptera. — Mr. George M. Greene exhibited a specimen of Spheco-
inyia rittaia Wied. which he collected along the Wissahickon Creek
at Chestnut Mill, Pennsylvania, v. 19, 1919; stated he had also taken
it at Falls Church, Virginia, iv. 17, 1917, and that there are four New
Jersey records (Ins. New Jersey, III, p. Ill, 1'MO).

Orthoptera. — Mr. Rehn remarked on the distribution of the genus
. Jii'-onu!. mentioning a new species from Texas.

Odonata. — Dr. Calvert referred to Dr.. C. T. Ramsden's account of
the life of Juan Gundlach in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1915, including
a list of his papers, among which is one on Cuban Neuroptera. The
speaker summarized the results of his own study of this paper, as
published in the Transactions of the Society, volume xiv, and exhibited
specimens of the true Enalhnjina poUjitnni Hagen and its northern
representative, E. I'csperuin. in connection therewith.

GEO. M. GREENE, Rccordin<j Secretary.

Meeting of October 23rd, 1919, in the same hall, eleven members
present. Dr. Skinner presiding.

Lepidoptera. — Dr. Skinner exhibited a box of the recent additions
to the collection, also a box containing the specimens figured in the
colored plate in Dr. Calvert's "A Year of Costa Rican Natural His-
tory," which have been deposited in the collection.

Mr. Laurent stated that from cocoons of Philosamia cynlhla gath-
ered on September Sth, three moths emerged on September 29th and
30th, due no doubt to the warm weather prevailing the last half of the
month. The speaker said that under ordinary conditions these moths
would not have emerged until next year, as the species is single
brooded in this vicinity.

Orthoptera. — A series of the handsome grasshopper Schistocerca
nieldi'ocera (Stal) was shown by Mr. Hebard. The species is known
only from the Galapagos Islands. Differences in coloration were
pointed out and genetic factors and local environmental influences
were said to be the causes of these. That other species divide into
very interesting insular races on different islands of the Galapagos
Archipelago was remarked.

Hymenoptera. — Mr. Rehn made a few remarks 011 the similarity of
the white-haired Mutillids of the Southwestern United States to the
seed pods of the creosote bush (Co-rill ca tridentata).

Diptera. — Mr. Hornig made some comments on local mosquitoes,
also showing his series of habitat pictures, larvae, pupae, drawings of
same and adults of a number of the species.

J. A. G. REHN, Secretary pro tent.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for December, 1920, was mailed at the
Office at Lancaster, Pa., on December 23, 1020.

COLEOPTERA

I wish to buy original collections of exotic Phytophaga,
unmounted preferred.

Fred C. Bowditch, 164 Rawson Road, Brookline 46, Mass.

Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.

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Apply for particulars and prices.

R. A. DUMMER, CARE JINJA POST OFFICE, UGANDA

In Stock

Morpho menelaus, per 100, 1st qual., $110.00, 2nd qual., $ 78.00
rhetener, 200.00, 100.00

adonis 56.00

Ornithoptera hecuba, males 65.00, 45.00

Urania ripheus, $90. per 100; Lycaena exelis, $6.00 ; European Lye., $5.00; and beautiful
African Lycaena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable for Jew-
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G. G. MacBEAN (Dealer), Assiniboia, Sask., Canada

THE COCCIDAE

Tables for the Identification of the Subfamilies and some of

the more important Genera and Species together with

Discussions of Their Anatomy and Life-History

BY

ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY

Professor of Systematic Entomology
in the University of Illinois

Published by

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OO3 Michigan Avenue, Urbana, Illinois

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andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.

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Over 5000 Lepidoptera

200 Dynastes Hercules

From New Guinea:

2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera

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1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis

philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi

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CATALOGUES OF

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If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street

FEBRUARY, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII No. 2

THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON

1807-1865

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON,. JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor ' Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, . J. A. G. REHN,

-PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.

/

• • •'.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
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Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter.

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Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921.

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXII.

Plate I.

WILLIAM HAMPTON PATTON.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FEBS m

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXII FEBRUARY, 1921 No. 2

CONTENTS

Britton and Howard — William Hamp- Museum at \Vitley, Surrey, Eng-

ton Patton 33 land — Lepid 56

Malloch — Notes on Some of van der Heinrich — New Synonymy in a recent

\Vulp's Species of North American Paper on the European Corn-Borer.

Anthomyiidae (Diptera) 40 Lepid 57

Weiss — A Bibliography on Fungous Entomological Literature 58

Insects and their Hosts 45 Notice of Leng's Catalogue of the

Newcomb — Change of Address 47 Coleoptera of America, North of

MacGillivray — New Species of Cladii- Mexico 62

nae— Hvmenoptera 48 Doings of Societies— Amer. Ent. Soc.

Drurv — Demand the Metric System... . 50 (Orth., Hemip.. Lep. > 62

Hutchison — Entomology and the Pro- Obituary — James S. Johnson. 63

fessional Ideal 5' William West 64

Editorial — Entomology at the Convo- F. C. Adams 64

cation Week Meetings of 1920-21... Frank Miiburn Hewlett 64

Talbot— Recent Additions to the Hill Alfred Edmund Hudd 64

William Hampton Patton.

By W. E. BRITTOX and L. O. HOWARD.

(Portrait, Plate I)

\Yilliam Hampton Patton was born in \Yaterbury. Connecti-
cut. March 10. 1853. and died in Hartford, Connecticut. De-
cember 26. 1918. He was the son of William Patton. and
he prepared for college at \Yilliston Seminary, Easthampton,
Massachusetts. He entered the academic department of Yale
University in 1872 and, receiving a colloquy appointment in
his senior year, graduated in the class of 1876 with the degree
of B. A. Even before graduating. Mr. Patton was interested
in the natural sciences, especially zoology and botany. After
graduating he took two years of work in zoology at Yale,
and during a part of this time served as assistant to Professor
A. E. Yerrill. This was followed by two years of independent
study at his home in \Yaterbury.

During the summer of 1879. and from June 1880 to April
1881. he was a special agent of the United States Entomologi-
cal Commission, at "Washington, D. C. of which Dr. C. Y.
Riley was chairman. Dr. Riley was Government Entomolo-
gist from June 1878 until March 1879. when he resigned, and

33

34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Professor J. H. Comstock was appointed to the position and
held office until March 1881. Riley returned soon afterward.
During the time of Comstock's incumhency, Riley conducted
the office of the U. S. Entomological Commission in his own
house in Washington, and had for his assistants Messrs. E. A.
Schwarz, W. H. Patton, H. G. Hubbard and W. S. Barnard.
Mr. Schwarz states that all of these men were together at
Selma, Alabama, in 1881. It is said that Dr. Riley met Patton
at a meeting of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science and had been attracted to his published papers
in the Canadian Entomologist. Patton specialized in the
Hymenoptera and was more or less interested in the Proctotry-
pidae at the time when Dr. Howard began his work on the
Chalcididae, and they had occasional conferences over para-
sitic Hymenoptera. Patton was a scholarly man, well educated
and with an excellent knowledge of the literature ; his. work
was careful and sound and is so regarded by Hymenopterists
to this day. He had an excellent personal appearance, but
was rather shy and retiring, somewhat typical of the young
professor in a large university. Few became intimate with
him, but all recognized his broad general knowledge, his keen-
ness, and especially his extensive acquaintance with the litera-
ture of all groups of insects. He took nothing for granted
and was loath to believe personal and even recorded statements
until he had investigated them for himself.

While Patton was in Washington his father became very
ill, and he left Washington and nursed him through his final
illness. He was indefatigable in his care of the patient and.
losing sleep and rest, had a nervous breakdown after his
father's" death. From that time on he acted strangely and
was finally placed in a private asylum in New Haven. He
escaped from the asylum and reappeared in Washington in
1882, in worn clothes and in poor physical condition, and Dr.
Riley promptly gave him a job in the U. S. Department of
Agriculture. He worked only a few days, when news came to
the office from his boarding house keeper that he was acting
strangely, and Dr. Riley and Dr. Howard at once visited him
and finding him absolutely insane, arranged with the police
authorities to take him back to the asylum in New Haven.

xxxii,'21] E.\TOMOI,O<;!<:AL NEWS

Patton was not continuously insane, but had long lucid
periods extending over many months, during which he accom-
plished considerable entomological work, and some of his
manuscripts were sent to the Bureau of Entomology to be
placed, for publication.

From 1882 to 1885 Patton resided in New York City, Utica
and Rochester, New York, and West Randolph, Vermont, but
returned to Connecticut suffering from ill health due to too
close application to work. At first he was in a retreat in
New Haven, and Dr. Howard called upon him in 1894, and
found him perfectly lucid, and had an interesting talk about
entomological matters. For a number of years before his
death he was an inmate of the Hartford Retreat for the Insane
at 400 Washington Street, Hartford.

Soon after the office of State Entomologist was established
in Connecticut, in 1901, Patton wrote a few letters to the
office, calling attention to certain entomological points that
needed investigating. His letters were perfectly lucid. He
once asked to be appointed as inspector, and again asked for
the loan of fifty dollars to enable him to bring certain essential
entomological discoveries before the public. Not knowing that
he was insane and confined in a retreat, the State Entomolo-
gist promised to be in Hartford on an early named date and
asked Patton to meet him at a certain hour and place and talk
about it. Of course Patton was not there, and not long after-
ward Professor Yerrill gave the information regarding Pat-
ton's insanity. He was unmarried, and apparently his in-
sanity was inherited. His sister became insane and drowned

J

herself in 1897 or 1898. Patton's death resulted from valvular
disease of the heart and arteriosclerosis.

Patton was a member of both the American and British
Associations for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the
Entomological Society of London, a charter member of the
Biological Society of Washington. D. C, a member of the
Entomological Society of Ontario, and of the Connecticut
Academy of Science.

It is interesting to note that Patton was once a pupil of
H. F. Bassett, also a Hymenopterist, of Wat.erbury. Coniuvti-

34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21

Professor T- H. Comstock was appointed to the position and
held office until March 1881. Riley returned soon afterward.
During the time of Comstock's incumbency, Riley conducted
the office of the U. S. Entomological Commission in his own
house in Washington, and had for his assistants Messrs. E. A.
Schwarz. W. H. Patton, H. G. Hubbard and W. S. Barnard.
Mr. Schwarz states that all of these men were together at
Selma. Alabama, in 1881. It is said that Dr. Riley met Patton
at a meeting of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science and had been attracted to his published papers
in the Canadian Entomologist. Patton specialized in the
Hymenoptera and was more or less interested in the Proctotry-
pidae at the time when Dr. Howard began his work on the
Chalcididae, and they had occasional conferences over para-
sitic Hymenoptera. Patton was a scholarly man, well educated
and with an excellent knowledge of the literature ; his. work
was careful and sound and is so regarded by Hymenopterists
to this day. He had an excellent personal appearance, but
was rather shy and retiring, somewhat typical of the young
professor in a large university. Few became intimate with
him. but all recognized his broad general knowledge, his keen-
ness, and especially his extensive acquaintance with the litera-
ture of all groups of insects. He took nothing for granted
and was loath to believe personal and even recorded statements
until he had investigated them for himself.

"While Patton was in Washington his father became very
ill. and he left Washington and nursed him through his final
illness. He was indefatigable in his care of the patient and,
losing sleep and rest, had a nervous breakdown after his
father's" death. From that time on he acted strangely and
was finally placed in a private asylum in Xew Haven. He
escaped from the asylum and reappeared in Washington in
1882. in worn clothes and in poor physical condition, and Dr.
Riley promptly gave him a job in the U. S. Department of
Agriculture. He worked only a few days, when news came to
the office from his boarding house keeper that he was acting
strangely, and Dr. Riley and Dr. Howard at once visited him
and finding him absolutely insane, arranged with the police
authorities to take him back to the asylum in Xew Haven.

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 35

Patton was not continuously insane, but had long lucid
periods extending over many months, during which he accom-
plished considerable entomological work, and some of his
manuscripts were sent to the Bureau of Entomology to be
placed, for publication.

From 1882 to 1885 Patton resided in New York City, Utica
and Rochester, New York, and West Randolph, Vermont, but
returned to Connecticut suffering from ill health due to too
close application to work. At first he was in a retreat in
New Haven, and Dr. Howard called upon him in 1894, and
found him perfectly lucid, and had an interesting talk about
entomological matters. For a number of years before his
death he was an inmate of the Hartford Retreat for the Insane
at 400 Washington Street, Hartford.

Soon after the office of State Entomologist was established
in Connecticut, in 1901, Patton wrote a few letters to the
office, calling attention to certain entomological points that
needed investigating. His letters were perfectly lucid. He
once asked to be appointed as inspector, and again asked for
the loan of fifty dollars to enable him to bring certain essential
entomological discoveries before the public. Not knowing that
he was insane and confined in a retreat, the State Entomolo-
gist promised to be in Hartford on an early named date and
asked Patton to meet him at a certain hour and place and talk
about it. Of course Patton was not there, and not long after-
ward Professor Yerrill gave the information regarding Pat-
ton's insanity. He was unmarried, and apparently his in-
sanity was inherited. His sister became insane and drowned
herself in 1897 or 1898. Patton's death resulted from valvular
disease of the heart and arteriosclerosis.

Patton was a member of both the American and British
Associations for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the
Entomological Society of London, a charter member of the
Biological Society of Washington, D. C.. a member of the
Entomological Society of Ontario, and of the Connecticut
Academy of Science.

It is interesting to note that Patton was once a pupil of
H. F. Bassett. also a Hymenopterist, of Wat.erlmrv, Connecti-

38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xx\ii,'21

of Natural History. Proc. v. 20, p. 142-144 [1879]. (Published

1881.)
Some characters useful in the study of the Sphecidae. Boston

Society of Natural History. Proc., v. 20, p. 378-385 [1880].

(Published 1881.)
1881 List of North American Larridae. Boston Society of Natural

History. Proc., v. 20, p. 385-397 [1880]. (Published 1881.)
Note on the Philanthinae. Boston Society of Natural History.

Proc., v. 20, p. 397-405 [1880]. (Published 1881.)
1884 Some notes on the classification and synonymy of fig-insects.

Entomological Society of London. Proceedings 1884, p. xiv-

xvii.
Sound producing organs in Anofnala, Anthonomus and other

Coleoptera. Psyche, v. 4, p. 146, March, 1884.

1890 Notes upon Ephestia interpunctella (Hiibn) Zeller. U. S. Dept.

Agr. Div. Ent. Insect Life, v. 3, no. 4, p. 158-159, Nov., 1890.

1891 Scent glands in the larva of Limaccdes. Canad. Ent. v. 23, p.

42-43, Feb., 1891.
Aphidivorous habits of Feniseca tarquinius (Fabr.) Grote. Canad.

Ent, v. 23, p. 66-67, March, 1891.
Homohadena infixa. Entom. News, v. 2, p. 206, Dec., 1891.

1892 Habits of Prcnolepis imparts (Say) the winter ant. American

Naturalist, v. 26, p. 871-872, Oct., 1892.
Description of the female of Aphenogaster fulva. American

Naturalist, v. 26, p. 872, Oct., 1892.
Hexaplasta zigzag (Riley). Entom. News, v. 3, p. 61, March,

1892.

Anthophora ivalshii. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 61, March, 1892.
Notes upon Larridae. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 89-90, April, 1892.
Prevention of the peach yellows and rosette as caused by the

yellows mite. Entom. News, v. 3, no. 4, p. 97, April, 1892.

[Bryobia pratensis.]

Cynips Q-globulus Fitch. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 104, April, 1892.
Bombus fcrvidus Fabr. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 181, Sept., 1892.
Synonymy of butterfly parasites. Psyche, v. 6, p. 261, April,

1892.

1893 A new arrangement of the Coleoptera. Canad. Ent., v. 25, p.

9-10, Jan., 1893.
The preservation of the larval food by digger wasps. Entom.

News, v. 4, p. 202-203, June, 1893.
Eastward range of Pacific Coast species. Entom. News, v. 4,

p. 302, Nov., 1893.

1894 Habits of the leaping ant of Southern Georgia. American Natura-

list, v. 28, p. 618-619, July, 1894.

Notes on the winter ant. American Naturalist, v. 28, p. 619,
July, 1894.

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

1894 Description of a new Pelecmus from Tennessee. American

Naturalist, v. 28, p. 895-896, Oct., 1894.

Zcthus aztecus in Florida. Canad. Ent., v. 26, p. 140, May, 1894.
Folded wings in Foenus. Canad. Ent., v. 26, p. 146, May, 1894.
Identity of Pczomachus and Hcmiteles. Entom. News, v. 5, p.

118-119, April, 1894.
Northward range of southern species. Entom. News, v. 5, p.

224, Sept., 1894.

Notes upon To.roneiiron. Psyche, v. 7, p. 178-179, Dec., 1894.
Notes upon wasps I. Entomological Society of Washington.

Proc,, v. 3, p. 45-47, March 8, 1894.

1895 Relationship of the fauna of Puget Sound to that of Mexico

and Canada. Canad. EnL, v. 27, p. 280, Oct., 1895.
Systematic value of the larva of Spermophagus. Canad. Ent.,
v. 27, p. 290, Oct., 1895.

1896 Rank in the Heteroptera. Entom. News, v. 7, p. 202, Sept., 1896.
Parapompllus. Entom. News, v. 7, p. 248, Oct., 18%.

1897 Monodontomcrus in Appalachia. Canad. Ent., v. 29, p. 59. March,

1897.
A principle to observe in naming galls : two new gall-making

Diptera. Canad. Ent., v. 29, p. 247-248, Oct., 1897.
Thvrcopus adi-cnits (Sm.) Pack. Canad. Ent., v. 29, p. 248, Oct.,

1897.

Clypeadon. Entom. News, v. 7, p. 13, Jan., 1897.
Acorn insects. Entorru News, v. 7, p. 76-77, pi. 5, April, 1897.
The number of prolegs in insect larvae. Entom. News, v. 7,

p. 122-123, June, 1897.
1909 A synonymical definition of Nysson and .V. aurinotus. Ohio

Naturalist, v. 9, p. 442-445, 1909.

APPENDIX.

Jn response to our request, Mr. S. A. Rohwer, of tin-
Bureau of Entomology and the National Museum, has sent us
the following statement concerning Patton's taxonomic work :

So far as I have been able to ascertain from an examination
of Fatton's papers (and I have seen all but two), he described
forty species of Hymenoptera. They may be arranged in
super- families as follows :

Sphecoidea 16 spp.

Formicoidea 2 spp.

Chrysididae 4 spp.

Cerphoidea 2 spp.

Mutilloidea ,. . 6 spp.

Apoidea 10 spp.

Total 40 spp.

40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Practically all of these species are now recognized by
students of Hymenoptera and while most of them are repre-
sented in the National Collection, yet so far as I have been
able to determine there are no specimens which can be con-
sidered as type material. Patton's descriptions, on the whole,
are very satisfactory and we have less trouble understanding
his species than we do those of some of the other students
who worked at about the same time. In his revisionary work,
Patton described thirteen genera ; eight of these belong to the
superfamily Sphecoidea and five to the superfamily Apoidea.
Among the bee genera are such common and well recognized
ones as Bombomelecta, Diadasia, Emphor and Entechnia.
Among the wasp genera the ones which are recognized all
over the world are Isodontia, Aphilanthops, Larropsis and
Microbembex. The other four wasp genera have been recog-
nized by some students, while certain other students consider
that they are founded upon too trivial characters to be treated
as genera.

In looking over Patton's papers I have been struck with
the fact that while practically all of his systematic work was
done on Hymenoptera, most of his biological observations
were made on lepidopterous insects.

Notes on Some of van der Wulp's Species of North
American Anthomyiidae (Diptera).

By J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois.

In working up the Anthomyiidae of North America I have
found some difficulty in placing most of the described forms in
their proper genera and this has been especially true of the
species described by van der Wulp. At my request Mr. F. W.
Edwards obtained for me specimens of twenty-four of the
species from the original series in the British Museum as an
exchange. These specimens have been used as a basis fof the
following notes and have been incorporated in the collection
of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. They are un-
doubtedly paratypes of the species listed.

XXxii.'21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41

Clinopera hieroglyphica.

This species is the genotype of Cliiioi^cra. The male 1 have
before me has characters that appear to justify the separation
of Clinopcra from Cyrtoneurinci, the genotype of which is
nbcr G.-T. The distinguishing characters may be summarized
as follows :

Clinopera Cyrtoneurina

First wing-vein setulose only First wing-vein setulose only

basad of humeral vein; third distad of humeral vein; third
setulose at base. setulose to or almost to inner

cross-vein.

Muscina tripunctata.

This species is the same as Neonutscina cavicola Townsend.
I have a male and female from Townsend's material sent me
by Dr. Aldrich ; the male agrees in all particulars with a male-
from van der Wulp's series from northern Yucatan.

The genus is. valid and the species must therefore appear in
our list as Neouuiscina tripunctata (v. d. Wulp).

Charadrella macrosoma.

A male and female from northern Yucatan. The only
species of the genus.

Spilogaster rubripalpis.

A female of this species from Cuernavaca proves that
Ariciella flavicornis Malloch is a synonym. The species win1
stand in our list as Aricclla rubripalpis ( v. d. Wulp) Malloch.

Mydaea obscura.

A male of this species from northern Yucatan has the pteropleura
and the declivitous portion of lateral margin of thorax in front of
scutellum with hairs in center, prosternum bare, lower margin of
metathoracic spiracle with some .black hairs, third wing-vein bare at
base, hind tibial calcar absent, third vein slightly flexed forward at
apex, scutellum with some hairs low down on sides at base, anterior
intra-alar bristle absent.

I erect for the reception of this species the new genus XKO-
•~\\ SCA, with the combination of characters above mentioned.

1 have in my possession a male from Ksprran/a Ra'u-li.
Brownsville, Tex.. July 25.

Phorbia fuscisquama.

A male from Omilteme, Guerrero, is an aberrant species
referable to Phaonia as at present limited.

42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | XXxii. "21

Mydaea concinna.

A female from Xucumanatlan, Guerrero. This species has a pair of
strong cruciate interfrontal bristles, the lower supraorbital directed
forward, prealar long, anterior intra-alar present, prosternum and
pteropleura hairy, metathoracic spiracle with some black hairs along
posterior margin, hypopleura bare, basal abdominal sternite hairy,
first and third wing-veins with setulae on greater part of their lengths
above, first bare below, third setulose at base below, hind tibial calcar
present, third vein not curved forward at apex.

This species differs from Ariciclla Malloch in the setulose
wing-veins, bare lateral area proximad of base of scutellum,
presence of hind tibial calcar and prealar, as well as in several
other characters.

I propose for the reception of the species the new genus
SMITHOMYIA, with the combination of characters above men-
tioned.

Mydaea pansa G. T.

A female specimen identified by van der Wulp as pansa is a
true Mydaea, separable from any known to me by its testa-
ceous yellow color.

Pogonomyia aterrima.

A true Pogonomyia closely allied to minor Malloch. I have
one female before me from Ciudad, Mexico. This specimen
is slightly larger than paratypes of minor, has the fore tibia
with one strong and one very weak posteroventral bristle, the
fore tarsi more slender, the hind tibia with three anterodorsal
and posterodorsal bristles and the wings darker than in minor.

Limnophora socia.

One female from Omilteme, Guerrero. This species closely
resembles Hclina obscurinervis (Stein") and H. poeciloptera
Malloch, having the same thoracic and hind tibial bristling,
but the palpi, second antennal segment and base of third are
yellow, and the apex of first vein and base of third are dark-
ened. The arista is pubescent.

Belongs to Hclina R.-D.

Spilogaster signatipennis.

A male from Guerrero. Belongs to the same group as the
preceding species, but the hind femur has long fine bristles
on the entire length of the anteroventral surface and shorter

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 43

hairlikc bristles on posteroventral. Prealar minute. Arista
short-haired.

A female from Omilteme .has the hind femur with two
cr three bristles near base and four or five on apical third
on anteroventral surface and the posteroventral surface bare.

Bo'.h sexes have the palpi black and the antennae almost
so.

Spilogaster parvula.

A female from Tepetlapa, Guerrero. This species has the cross-
veins less distinctly infuscated than in the other species of 'the
obscurinervis group and the hind tibia with three anterodorsal and
one posterodorsal bristle. The palpi at apices and all of third antennal
segment are infuscated and the arista long haired. Thoracic bristles
as in the preceding species.

Belongs to Helina R.-D.

Spilogaster copiosa.

A male and female from Omilteme, Guerrero. Postsutural dorso-
centrals three, prealar minute or absent, arista short haired. Fore
tibia with one to three posteroventral bristles, hind tibia with three
anterodorsal bristles and one to three posterodorsal setulae, cross-
veins not infuscated.

Belongs to Hcllna R.-D.

Leucomelina corvina.

A male in poor condition, Orizaba. This is a L'nnnophora.

The thoracic dorsum in front of suture has three contiguous black
marks, and behind the suture three contiguous black vittae, the one
on each side not extending to scutellum. The second and third ab-
dominal tergites each have a pair of large triangular black spots and
the fourth has a smaller central spot. Mid tibia with one posterior
bristle.

Leucomelina deleta.

One male, Omilteme, (lucrrero. A Limnophora.

Differs from corrina in having a pubescent arista, eyes much closer
together, thorax with three pairs of dorsocentral bristles, mid-tibia
with two posterior bristles, and the abdomen with the paired dorsal
spots extending from base to apex on each tergite, their inner margins
straight, the outer concave in center.

Leucomelina minuscula.

( >ne female, Atoyac, Yera Crux. Yery closely resembles
deleta. The midtibia has OIK- posterior bristle and the spots

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

on the abdomen are dilated at their posterior extremities.
Both species lack the anterior intra-alar.

Leucomelina garrula.

One female, Guerrero. Very closely resembles minuscula
but larger (7.25: 4.5 mm.), and with two posterior bristles
on mid tibia.

Coenosia femoralis.

One female frotm Orizaba. This is Bithoracochaeta
leucoprocta (Wied.). This species has the following
synonyms : antica Walker, calopns Bigot, despccta Walker,
insignis Stein, pipunculina Thomson, and rufipcs Bigot, in
addition to femoralis.

Coenosia macrocera.

A female, Guerrero. This species is an aberrant form with
a median anterodorsal and no anteroventral bristle on hind
tibia. The ocellar and postvertical bristles are long.

Coenosia punctulata.

A female, Omilteme, Guerrero. Similar in bristling of
hind tibia to macrocera, but the antennae are shorter and
stouter and the abdomen is nowhere yellow.

Hydrophoria flavipalpis.

One male from Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas. Guerrero.
This species belongs to Eiinncsomyia Malloch and differs from
those previously placed in the genus in having a black mark
across middle of thorax, palpi pale, and tips of mid and hind
femora black. The fifth abdominal sternite is different from
that of any of the other species known to me.

Anthomyia dorsimaculata.

A male of this species from Omilteme. Guerrero. Belongs
to the genus Pcgomyia and closely allied to vandnzcei Malloch.

Hydrophoria transversalis.

A male and female from Guerrero. Stein has sunk this
species as a synonym of pictlpcs Bigot and placed it in his
genus Taeniomyia. I can not satisfactorily separate the genus
from Pegomyia, the black transverse band on thorax used by
Stein for that purpose being in my opinion too trivial for a
generic character.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45

Hydrophoria collaris.

A female from Guerrero. Differs from the female of
the preceding species in having no cruciate interfrontal bristles
and the arista much shorter haired. Belongs also, to Pcgo-m\-ia.

Phorbia prisca.

A female, Ciudad. Mexico. A H \lcmyla very close to
cilicrnra Zetterstedt. Impossible to say just what the species
is.

A Bibliography on Fungous Insects and their Hosts.

By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

While many papers have appeared on various insects which
inhabit fungi, only a few of them mention the specific or
generic name of the fungus and it is such papers which have
been listed below. The list is as complete as it has been
possible to make it and includes only references to American
literature. A few of the references relate to insects indirectly
associated with certain fungi and not usually considered as
funguous insects. The writer will be pleased to know of any
omissions.

COLEOPTERA.

Liodes hasalis Lee. Smith, J. B. Insects of New Jersey, p. 230.

(N. J. St. Alus. Kept. 1909).
Baeocera punctipennis Blatch. Blatchley, \V. S. Col. Ind. p. 494,

1910.
Lycoperdina ferruginea. Lee. Blatchley, W. S. Col. Ind. p. 538,

1910.

Megalodacne ulkei Crotch. Dury, C. Canad. Ent. X, 210. Blatch-
ley. YY. S. Col. Ind. p. 545, 1910.
Ischyrus quadripunctatus OHv. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LII, p.

14, 1920.
Mycotretus pulchra Say. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LII, p. 18,

1920.
Cucujus clavipes var. puniceus Mann. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent.

XXIV, p. 250-6, 1892.
Epuraea monogama Cr. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XX IV, p.

250-<i, 1892.
Peltis pippingskoeldi Mann. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV,

p. 250-6, 1892.

Peltis ferruginea Linn. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p.
250-6, 1892.

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Calitys scabra Thunb. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p.

250-6, 1892.
Thymalus fulgidus Erich. Dimmock, G. Direct. Collect. Coleop.

p. 19, 1872. Beutenmuller, W. Ent. Amer. VI, p. 57, 1890.

Breed, R. S. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Co'l. vol. XL,

No. 7, p. 319, 1903. Packard, A. S. 5th Rept. U. S. Ent.

Comm. p. 510, 1890. Smith. J. B. Insects of N. J., p. 276.

1909. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News XXXI, p. 1-3, 1920.
Agrilus bilineatus Web. Ruggles, A. G. 15th Rept. St. Ent. Minn.

p. 54, 1914. Chapman, R. N. Jour. Agric. Res. Vol. Ill,

No. 4, 1915.
Catorama nigritulum Lee. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LI. p. 255,

1 9 1 9.
Dorcatoma dresdensis Hbst. Barber, H. S. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.

X, p. 61, 1908.
Cis wenzeli Dury. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. His. XXII, p.

7, 1917.
Cis fuscipes Mell. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His. XXII, p.

11, 1917.
Xestocis moznettei Dury. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His.

XXII, p. 15, 1917.

Sulcacis lengi Dury. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LI, p. 203, 1919.
Brachycis brevicollis Csy. Weiss, H. B. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc.

XIV, p. -145, 1919.
Ennearthron compacta Dury. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His.

XXII, p. 22, 1917.
Ceracis sallei Mell. Weiss, H. B. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. XIV, p.

144, 1919.
Octotemnus denudatus Csy. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His.

XXII, p. 27, 1917.
Cyllene robiniae Forst. Schrenk, H. von. Mo. Bot. Garden Kept.

12; 21-31, 1901. Schrenk, H. von & Spaulding, P. Bull. 149,

U. S. Bur. PI. Indus., p. 45, 1909.
Phellopsis obcordata Kirby. Packard, A. S. 5th Rept. U. S. Ent.

Comm., p. 510, 1890. Dimmock, A. K. Psyche, IV, p. 284,

1885.
Phellopsus obcordata var. porcata Lee. Hubbard, H. G. Canad.

Ent. XXIV, p. 250-6, 1892.
Bius estriatus Lee. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p. 250-6.

1892.
Diaperis maculata Oliv. Dimmock. G. Std. Nat. His., p. 352,

1884. Dimmock, A. K. Psyche IV, p. 284, 1885. Packard,

A. S. 5th Rept. \J. S. Ent. Comm.. p. 510, 1890.
Hoplocephala bicornis Fab. Packard, A. S. 5th Rept. U. S. Ent.

Comm., p. 510, 1890.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS 47

Platydema oregonense Lee. Hubbard. H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV,

p. 250-6, 1892.
Platydema ellipticum Fab. Weiss. H. B. Canad. Ent. LI, p. 276,

1910.
Boletotherus bifurcus Fab. Dimmock, G. Std. Nat. His., p. 352.

1S84. Dimmock, A. K. Psyche IV, p. 284, 1885. Packard.

A. S. 5th Kept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 510, !«'.)(): Insect Life

III, p. 355, 1891.
Eustrophus bicolor Say. Weiss, H. B. Psyche XXVI, p. 132-3,

1919.
Hallomenus scapularis Melsh. Blatchley. W. S. Col. Ind., p. 1291,

1910.
Orchesia castanea Melsh. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LI, p. 203-4,

1919.
Mordella marginata Melsh. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News, Vol. XXXI,

pp. 67-68, 1920.
Anthonomus uniperinus Sanb. Blatchley, W. S. & Leng, C. \V.

Rhyn. N. E. Amer., p. 308, 1916..
Dendroctonus piceaperda Hopk. Hopkins, A. S. Bull. 28. n. s. U. S.

Dept. Agric. Bur. Ent.

LEPIDOPTERA.
Prionoxystus robiniae Peck. Schrenk, II. von & Spaulding, P. Bull.

149. U. S. Bur. PI. Indus., p. 41, 1909.

Tinea cloacella Haw. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News XXX, p. 251, 1919.
Tinea acapnopennella Clem. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News XXXI, p.

108, 1920.

DlPTERA.

Leia bivittata Say. Weiss, H. B. Psycht- XXVI, p. 80-82, 1919.

HEMIPTERA.

Aradus similis Say. Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J., p. 139, 1909.
Aradus debilis Uhl. Hubbard. H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p. 250-6,
1892.

GENERAL PAPERS.
Popenoe, C. H. Mushroom Pests & How to Control Them, Farmers

Bull. 789, U. S. Dept. Agric.

Weiss, H. B. & West, E. Fungous Insects & Their Hosts, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., vol. xxxiii, pp. 1-20, 1920.

Change of Address.

Owing to renumbering of the city of Detroit, please note change of
address. Old number 48 Webb Avenue. New number 90 Webb Avenue,
to which all mail should be sent on and after January 1, 1921.

DR. W. W. NEWCOMB, Detroit, Michigan.

48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

New Species of Cladiinae — Hymenoptera.

By ALEX. D. MAC&LLIVRAY, Urbana, Illinois.

The adults of all the following new species were bred from
larvae collected in New York by Dr. Hachiro Yuasa and in
Maine by Mr. Earl Shaw and the author for the Maine Agri-
cultural Experiment Station. The descriptions are published
so that the names can be used with descriptions of larvae that
are to be published.

The types are deposited in the collection of the author.

Trichiocampus pacatus n. sp.

9 . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, pro-
femora more or less at distal end, tibiae except distal one-fourth of
metatibiae, and tarsi except metatarsi ; clypeus broadly shallowly
emarginate ; median fovea elongate, shallow, continuous with ocellar
basin ; frontal crest not well developed, broken, represented by thicken-
ings on each side of break; ocellar basin distinct, depressed, lateral
walls fine, inconspicuous, linear, extending to lateral ocelli ; antennae
with third and fourth segments subequal, fourth segment longer than
fifth; head and thorax polished; wings infuscated, proximal two-thirds
smoky ; costa, stigma and veins blackish ; saw-guides with dorsal margin
straight, ventral margin convex, distal portion oblique, pointed above.
Length 5 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca, New York. No. 88-1.

The form of the frontal crest and the ocellar basin will dis-
tinguish this species.

Trichiocampus patchiae n. sp.

9. Body black with the following parts infuscated whitish: tro-
chanters, distal portion of profemora and mesofemora, tibiae, and
basitarsi ; clypeus narrowly, angularly emarginate ; median fovea cir-
cular, broad, shallow, inconspicuous ; frontal crest strong, unbroken,
narrow, rounded ; ocellar basin flat, limiting lateral walls rounded, not
linear, not conspicuous, a depression extending ventrad from median
ocellus; head and thorax polished; wings infuscated, proximal two-
thirds smoky, distal one-third clearer ; costa, stigma and veins brownish ;
saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin convex, distal
portion blunt, pointed. Length 6 mm.

Habitat: Orono, Maine. Sub. 100.

This species differs from pacatns MacG. in the form of tlr
frontal crest. Named for Dr. Edith M. Patch, Entomologist
of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station.

Trichiocampus paetulus n. sp.

9 . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, cephalic

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEV.S 49

aspect of profemora in great part, distal ends of mesofemora and
metafemora, tibiae except fuscous distal one-fourth of metatibiae, tarsi
except fuscous metatarsi ; clypeus broadly roundly emarginate ; median
fovea small, oval, shallow depression ; frontal crest narrow, fairly
strong, unbroken ; ocellar basin flat, lateral walls linear and distinguish-
able in certain lights ; antennae with third segment longer than fourth
and fourth longer than fifth; head and thorax polished; wings in-
fuscated, distal one-third clearer than proximal two-thirds ; costa, veins
and stigma brownish ; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral
margin straight, distal portion convex and oblique. Length 5 mm.

Habitat : Onekama, Michigan. Bred by the author from
larvae on Popnlns.

This species can be separated from pacatns MacG. by the
form of the median fovea.

Trichiocampus palliolatus n. sp.

9 . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, cephalic
aspect of profemora in great part, distal ends of mesofemora and
metafemora, tibiae except fuscous distal end of metatibiae, and tarsi
except fuscous metatarsi ; clypeus broadly shallowly emarginate, almost
truncate ; median fovea subquadrangular, broad, comparatively deep ;
frontal crest not strong, not decidedly thickened, unbroken ; ocellar
basin not strongly depressed below area bearing median fovea, lateral
walls inconspicuous, linear in certain lights ; antennae with third
segment longer than fourth and fourth longer than fifth; wings in-
fuscated, proximal two-thirds darker than distal one-third; saw-guides
with dorsal margin convex, ventral and distal margins convex and
oblique, blunt. Length 5 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca, New York. No. 154-1-1.

This species is similar to pacatus MacG. but can be separated
by the form of the frontal crest and the clypeus.

Priophorus modestius n. sp.

9. Body black with the following parts infuscated white: tro-
chanters, distal one-third of profemora, ring on distal end of meso-
femora and metafemora, tibiae except ring on distal end of mesotibiae
and metatibiae, and tarsi for the most part ; clypeus shallowly roundly
emarginate ; median fovea broad, round, shallow, inconspicuous ; frontal
crest narrow, hardly raised, linear, unbroken ; ocellar basin flat, lateral
-vails rounded, appearing linear in certain lights ; antennae with third
a. id fourth segments subequal, fourth longer than fifth; wings slightly
in 'uscated, not smoky; veins, costa and stigma brownish, spinulae
prominent ; saw-guides retracted. Length 5.5 mm.

Habitat: Orono, Maine. Sub. 100.

This species is readily distinguished from solitaris Oyar by
the form of the median fovea.

50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Priophorus moratus n. sp.

$ . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, pro-
femora more or less, tibiae except fuscous ring on metatibiae, and tarsi
except metatarsi ; clypeus broadly angularly emarginate ; median f ovea
obsolete or at most only a slight circular depression; frontal crest
narrow, thick, unbroken, strong; ocellar basin strongly depressed,
limits fairly distinct, lateral walls completely rounded, never showing
as linear ridges, depression extending ventrad from median ocellus ;
antennae with third segment slightly shorter than fourth and fourth
longer than fifth; head and mesonotum polished; wings strongly in-
fuscated, distal one-third clear ; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight,
ventral margin straight, distal end oblique, convex, pointed above.
Length 6 mm.

Habitat: Orono, Maine. Sub. q.

The absence of a median fovea will serve to distinguish
this species.

Priophorus munditus n. sp.

$ . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, ring
on distal ends of femora, tibiae except infuscated distal ends of meta-
tibiae, and tarsi except metatarsi ; clypeus broadly shallowly emarginate,
almost truncate ; median fovea deep, broad, twice as long as wide ;
frontal crest hardly thickened, broadly broken, practically wanting ;
ocellar basin distinct, flat, impression extending ventrad from median
ocellus, lateral walls linear, distinguishable; antennae with third and
fourth segments subequal, the fourth slightly shorter; wings infuscated,
distal portion clearer ; veins, costa and stigma brownish, spinulae dis-
tinct; saw-guides retracted. Length 5 mm.

Habitat: Orono, Maine, Sub. 174.

The form of the ocellar basin and median fovea will dis-
tinguish this species from acqnalis Nort.

Demand the Metric System!

EDITOR ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS — Your attention is respectfully called t •
the importance of the world-wide movement for metric standardization
of weights and measures. It is an advance in which all are interested.

More than 100,000 petitions are on file with the Department of Com-
merce, Washington, D. C, demanding legislation which will establish
the decimal metric system for general use in the United States after a
liberal period of transition. Many of these petitions are from organi-
zations having hundreds and thousands of members.

The present session of Congress is being called upon to enact pro-
gressive metric laws. Will not your publication strengthen this demand
by strong editorial support? You can aid powerfully in establishing the
logical decimal system.

"Get this good thing done in 1921."

Sincerely yours,

AuiiRKY DRURY, Secretary-Treasurer, World Trade Club,

San Francisco, U. S. America.

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51

Entomology and the Professional Ideal.

By R. H. HUTCHISON, Malvern, Pennsylvania.

Some time ago a paper on 'American Entomology: Its
Presen' and Future Status as a Profession." was published
and distributed by "a group of younger entomologists," the
burden of its message being a strong plea for "a compensation
sufficient to enjoy the necessaries of life." There can be no
gainsaying the seriousness of the situation which they point
out, especially in the matter of attracting and holding young
men who in the next generation would be called upon to fill
the places of the present leaders.

In considering a remedy they very creditably cast aside
the idea of attempting to gain their end "through organization,
union and strike," as used by the industrial worker, and they
suggest that the end would best be attained if the men in the
highest positions were "to waken to the condition and lend
every effort to raise the standard of the profession through
fair salaries for their assistants."

P>ut let it be said by one who has been forced to give much
thought to this matter that a general increase in salaries will
not of itself give the profession any better standing or make
it any more attractive to the right kind of men. Recent de-
velopments have made it plain that an even greater need is
for a more general realization of professional ideals, and the
leaders, even if they succeed in making entomology more
attractive financially, fail if they neglect to impress on recruits
the dignity of professional work in general and inspire them
to follow certain high standards for Entomology in particular.
Equal importance, and perhaps the only real solution of the
question of compensation, lies in educating the people gener-
ally as to what professions stand for and what they are trying
to do.

It will serve the purpose- of this argument to review briefly
the origin and distinguishing features of professions:

The professions of theology, law and medicine originated in the
priesthood. The priests ministered alike to the bodies, souls and estates
of their parishioners. They were lawgivers and administrators of the
law. They were physicians and administrators of medicines, and they

52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | xxxii, '21

were interpreters of the Divine Will, and dispensers of religious con-
solation.

As civilization advanced and knowledge accumulated, the several
vocations practiced by the priests gradually segregated, resulting in
Ihe establishment of the three so-called "learned or liberal" professions.
They were called "learned" because in ancient times most of the learn-
ing was confined to the priests. They were called "liberal" because the
priests rendered their services without fees, obtaining their living from
the church. ... In process of time medicine and law were sep-
arated from the church,*

but the priestly ideal of consecrated service still clung to them.

In process of time also various lines of professional work
split off from medicine and Entomology may truly be said
to have originated thus. Most of the great names associated
with the early developments of Entomology were those of
physicians. Malpighi held a medical degree from the Uni-
versity of Bologna ; Swammerdam, author of the famous
"Anatomy and Metamorphosis of Insects," was both physician
and naturalist. The great Linnaeus himself received a medical
education, t

Analyzing various definitions of the term "profession" in
the light of what has just been said we may affirm that there
are at least three important characteristics which distinguish
a profession from a trade or commercial vocation.

First: A profession is "learned/' i. e., it presupposes an
accumulation of knowledge based on critical rather than super-
ficial observations and classified as a science. This is em-
bodied and preserved in scientific literature using an exact
nomenclature or terminology.

Second : A profession is "liberal" in the sense that money-
making is a minor consideration, and necessarily so because
the value of professional services cannot be measured in terms
of money. A physician may save the life of a child sick with
diphtheria by the very simple act of giving an adequate close
of antitoxin, but in no case does he receive full value for
this service. The professional men who proved that malaria
and yellow fever are mosquito-borne diseases rendered serv-

* Stewart, F. E. Journ. Am. Pharm. Assn. IX, No. 3 (Mar. 1920),
p. 263.
tLocy. Biology and Its Makers. Henry Holt & Co., 1908.

XXXJi. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL .\K\VS

ices to humanity which can never be evaluated in terms of
money.

Third: A profession is altruistic. The professor uses his
special knowledge in the service of others, givinp- them instruc-
tion, guidance or advice, or showing others how to apply
his special knowledge to their art.

One of the most important of all professional services rendered to
any profession is research work and the donation of the results of the
same to the profession for the building up of the science upon which
the profession depends.:}:

By 'all these tokens then Entomology certainly ranks as a
profession and one of the most altruistic. Entomologists, es-
pecially those in the Government employ, find themselves in
a position to render service to the whole people and ento-
mology as a profession is probably the least commercialized
of any, with the exception of the Christian ministry. This
is largely due to the fact that there are very few openings
and no demand for entomologists outside the Government
service and the Agricultural Colleges, not because they have
striven more successfully for the attainment of this profes-
sional ideal. Far from it — and this leads to the point of the
argument. •

All Entomologists and others, who hold to the professional
ideal and whose sense of the fitness of things has not been
dulled by the depressing struggle against the high cost *of
living, will be inclined to look upon the action of some of
the Entomologists of the Department of Agriculture in joining
the Federal Employees Union and affiliating with the American
Federation of 1 .abor as a backward step, and one which
dicapais the profession generally and lowers it in the estima-
tion of managers of great industrial concerns who some day
might come to appreciate the value of services which economic
entomologists can render.

The apology for joining the Federal Employees Union was.
of course, the totally inadequate salaries paid to Government
scientific employees and the belief (doubtless sincere with
many) that only b\ this move could sufficient pressure be
brought to bear on an indifferent Congress to effect a read-
justment of salary schedules to meet ever increasing expenses.

t Stewart — loc. cit.

54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

There were those who knew only too well the financial
difficulties encountered, yet felt themselves entirely out of
sympathy with the action of their associates and were dimly
conscious that a stimulating ideal had been thrown overboard.
While they knew that "cloistered virtue" or the holier-than-
thou attitude has no place in modern professional life, yet
they felt that the way of true progress does not consist of
throwing on the scrap heap all that the word "profession"
stands for.

The situation becomes clearer with time. The move is now
recognized as part and parcel of the all too general reaction
which followed the armistice and the almost universal turning
away from high ideals and generous impulses — a condition
not without its influence even on liberally educated and pre-
sumably thinking men.

It will contribute to a better understanding of the re-
actionary nature of this move to compare it with the history
of Pharmacy. To quote again from Stewart's interesting
paper :

The apothecaries in those days (about 1200 A. D.) were members
of the Guild of Grocers and the vocation did not partake of a profes-
sional character. The apothecary, however, commenced to perfect him-
self in chemistry and pharmacy, because of its complexity gradually
separated itself from the practice of the physician and was relegated
to the apothecary. In the reign of James I, the apothecaries separated
from the grocers and received the first charter of their own.

This vocation has since lost all the character of a Guild
and the leaders have steadily striven and are still striving to
put it on a true professional basis and obtain professional
recognition.

The scientific section of the Federal Employees Union has
reversed the process and assumed a status similar to that
which the apothecaries outgrew some 400 \cars ago. They
have wilfully and thoughtlessly given up that high standing
and recognition which pharmacy has been striving for cen-
turies to attain.

"Hut what shall we say of those who are free yet choose
littleness and bondage?" And what shall it profit the pro-
fession if it gain a compensation equal to that of a plumber
but lose a certain greatness of character?

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1921.

Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings of 1920-21.

The program of the 73rd Meeting of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science and of Associated
Scientific Societies held at Chicago, December 27, 1920, to
January 1, 1921. lists 130 papers on the terrestrial Arthropods,
including certain general papers, credited to the following
societies :

Joint session of the Association of American Geographers and the

Ecological Society of America 3

Paleontological Society of America 2

American Society of Zoologists 14

Entomological Society of America 27

American Association of Economic Entomologists 69

Botanical Society of America 4

Phytopathological Society 1

American Society of Naturalists 5

Ecological Society of America (see also above) 3

American Nature-Study Society 1

American Psychological Association 1

We are indebted to Mr. W. J. Gerhard for the information
that one additional paper* was given at the Entomological
Society of America, although not printed on the program,
and that 8 of the 26 listed papers were not given. We have no
corresponding figures for the other societies.

The subjects of these 130 papers were as follows:

( Vneral Biology 15 Oclonata 1

Physiology 10 Mallophaga 1

Cytology 3 \\-uroptera ( Hemerobiidae) . 1

Genetics 8 Coleoptera 13

General Economic Entom. .. 19 Hymenoptera 5

Apiculture 10 l.epidoptera 20

Araneina 2 II omoptera 12

Ixodoidea 2 Heteroptera 4

( Mher Acarina 1 Thysanoptera 1

Millepedes 1 I liptera 14

Orthoptera 7 Duplications 21

Ripley : The Evolution, of the Subterranean Habits of
Noctuid Larvae.

55

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

The symposium of the Entomological Society of America
was on the Relations between Taxonomic Affinities and Food
Habits of Insects, with Special Reference to Parasitism, partici-
pated in by C T. Brues (Hymenoptera), J. M. Aldrich
(Diptera), and V. Kellogg (Mallophaga), the fourth speaker,
F. C. Bishopp (Ixodoidea), not being present. The Annual
Address, by Prof. W. A. Riley, was : Some Little-Emphasized
Guide Posts to Medical Entomology. Other special addressed
were by Dr. L. O. Howard : A Recent Visit to Certain Euro-
pean Entomologists ; and by T. H. Prison : The Life-History
of the Bumble Bee.

President Wilmon Newell addressed the Economic En-
tomologists on The Organization of Work in Economic En-
•tomology ; an address was given by Prof. C. E. McClung and
one by W. C. O'Kane on Industrial Support for Scientific
Work'

The total of 130 titles compares with 118 at St. Louis last
year, plus 10 at Princeton, and with 139 at New York in
1916-17.

Notes and.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE

Recent Additions to the Hill Museum at Witley, Surrey, England.

(Lepid.)

Mr. J. J. Joicey has recently acquired the important collection of
Lepidoptera formed by Mr. H. J. Elwes, F. R. S., and the large collec-
tion of Hcliconhis formed by the late H. Riffarth. The Elwes collection
contains most of the types of species of the Indo-Australian fanna des-
cribed by Elwes, as also some types oi Doherty, de Niceville, Christoph
and Staudinger ; the material which formed the basis of Elwes &
Edwards' monograph of Oriental Hesperidae, and of Elwes' papers on
Ypthima, Oeneis and the butterflies of Chile; it is especially rich in
Lycaenidae. The Riffarth collection contains over 2000 specimens and
includes 360 types and paratypes described by Riffarth and Stichel.
Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Barns have recently returned from a twelve
months' expedition in Central Airica undertaken on behalf of Mr.
Joicey, having obtained a very fine collection of Lepidoptera. The
three brothers Pratt are collecting Lepidoptera in the mountainous
interior of Dutch New Guinea for Mr. Joicey. Students desirous of
comparing specimens and types in the museum are invited to write to
the Curator, address as above. [ Abridged from a note by GEO. TALUOT
in Ent. 'Mo. Mag., Oct., 1920.]

XXXli,'21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 57

New Synonymy in a Recent Paper on the European Corn-Borer,

(Lepid.)

At the close of an otherwise valuable paper by W. P. Flint and J. R.
Malloch, ("The European Corn-Borer and Some Similar Native In-
sects" Bull. 111. Dept. Registration and Education, vol. 13. art. 10, pp.
287-305, June, 1920), the authors describe a new species under the
name Pyransta caffrcii. The description is drawn from a single crippled
male without biological notes and from two females without locality
labels. The male type, according to the authors themselves, is in too
poor condition for the wing markings to be properly distinguished, but
it is described as darker than the females which are said to be very
similar in color and markings to obumbratilis Flint & Malloch (obitni-
bratalis Lederer?) (ainslici Heinrich) with forewings of a pale straw
yellow. The specimens were apparently associated as conspecific on the
ground that each possesses a conically produced face. A slight ac-
quaintance with the Pyralidac should have told the authors that this
is a generic character which excludes their supposed new species from
the genus Pyransta. In such a difficult group as the Pyraustinae the
description of new species on such material would be indefensible even
for one thoroughly familiar with all the described forms. In the present
instance it is entirely unwarranted. Fortunately the authors have given
figures of the male genitalia of their type which enables definite fixa-
tion of their wrongly placed species as a synonym of the common,
widely distributed Loxostegc similalis Gn. making caffrcii Flint &
Malloch the fourteenth name for this much described species. The
female paratype from unknown locality associated with the unique
crippled male is obviously another species, but causes no concern, as
it does not affect the nomenclature. This case is a conspicuous example
of the value of male genitalia in the determination of Lepidoptera.
Even a mediocre partial figure enables correction of a wrong generic
determination and the definite placing of an otherwise valueless type
of an imperfectly described species, the name of which would other-
wise remain a burden on our list.

With regard to Pvransta obumbratalis Led. (obumbratilis Flint and
Malloch) there is no question but that the species treated and figured
under this name by Flint and Malioch is Pyransta ainslici Heinrich.
The actual identity of obumbratalis Lederer cannot at present be as-
certained without an examination of the type. It may prove to be
either ainslici or pcnitalis or some other species. For this reason it is
advisable at present to have a sure name for a definite concept and to
retain the name ainslici for the l\<l\yonum feeder.

The figures and interpretations given by Flint and Malloch show a
serious lack of knowledge of the parts of the male genitalia. The
"basal spur," which the authors refer to as lacking in my figure of
ainslici. is evidently the aedoeanus which I stated was purposely omitted
from my drawing. This is poorly represented by the black central

58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

part in Flint and Malloch's figure 42. It does not in any way corres-
pond to the similar part, drawn, obviously to correspond, in their figure
41 of penitalis. The aedoeagus in all three species (nubilalis, penitalis,
and ainslici) is strikingly similar; but penitalis of the three, alone
possesses a stout spur arising ventrally to this organ from the base of
the anellus and this the authors have figured as corresponding to the
aedoeagus in ainsliei.

CARL HEINRICH, U. S. Bureau of Entomology,

Washington, D. C.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5 — Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord, N.
H. 15 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 17—
Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 19 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomo-
logical Society. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de
France, Paris. 21 — The Entomologist's Record, London. 33 — An-
nales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 45 —
Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, Berlin. 50 — Pro-
ceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington. 54—
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C. 61—
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
62 — -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, New
York. 70 — Journal of Alorphology, Philadelphia. 71 — Novitates
Zoologicae, Tring, England. 72 — The Annals of Applied Biology,
London. 76 — Nature, London. 82 — The Ohio Journal of Science,
Columbus. 100 — Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labora-
tory, Woods Hole, Mass. 105 — Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of
Sciences, Des Moines. 108 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, Eng-
land. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte Berlin. 117 — Memorias do
Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 118 — Die Xaturwissen-
schaften, Berlin.

XXxii/21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59

GENERAL. Bowen, R. H. — Studies on insect spermatogenesis,
I. 100, x.xxix, 316-62. Buddenbrock, W. V. — Die lichtkompassbe-
wegungen bei den insekten, insbesondere den schmetterlingsraupen.
(Sitz. Heidelb. Akad. Wissenscf., Math. -Nat. Klas., viiib, 1-26.)
Collier, Dr. — Biochemische feststellung der verwandtschaft bei in-
sekten. 45, xvi, 1-5. Crampton, G. C. — Notes on the lines of de-
scent of lower winged insects. 5, xxvii, 116-27. Pierce W. D. — Com-
mercial entomology and the service it can render to organized agri-
culture. 12, xiii, 449-56. Lectures in applied entomology. Ser. 1,
Pt. O., No. 5. Economic entomology as a profession. Poulton, E.
B. — Heredity and acquired characters. 76, cvi, 532. Stoner, D.—
Some interesting insect habitats in the tropics. 105, xxvi, 129-32.

ARACHNIDA &c. Chamberlin, R. V.— A new Leptodesmoid
diplopod from Louisiana. A new diplopod of the genus Atopetho-
lus. 54, xxxiii, 97-100; 101-2. Ressler, I. L. — Thomisidae of the
Ames region. 105, xxvi, '151-6.

NEUROPTERA. Esben-Petersen, P. — Revision of some of the
type-specimens of Myrmeleonidae described by Navas and placed
in the Vienna museum. 33, lx. 1<>0-<>. Foot, K. — Notes on Pedi-
culus vestimenti. 100, xxxix, 262-79. Fuller, C. — Studies on the
post-embryonic development of the antennae of Termites. (An.
Natal Mus., iv. 235-95.) Thompson & Snyder.— The "Third form,"
the wingless reproductive type of termites: Reticulitermes and
Prorhinotermes. 70, xxxiv, 591-635.

Kennedy, C. H. — The phylogeny of the Zygopterous dragon-flies
as based on the evidence of the penes. Forty-two hitherto unrec-
ognized genera and subgenera of Zygoptera. 82, xxi, 19-29; 83-88.

ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M — Dermaptera and Orthoptera of
the Galapagos Islands. 61, ii, 311-46. Hutchings, C. B. — Walking
sticks. 4, Hi, 241-5.

Hebard, M. — A new genus and species of grasshopper from Cali-
fornia. 61, x, 71-5.

HEMIPTERA. da Costa Lima, A. — Nota sobre o mimetismo da
nympha do Alydus (Magalotomus) pallescens com furmiga e con-
sideracoes relativas a especie Galeottus formicarius. (Arch Sup.
Agr. e Med. Vet., Nictheroy, Brax.il, iv, 5-8.) Hempel, A.— Duas
novas especies de coccidas. (Rev. Mus. 1'aulista, xi, 451-57.) de la
Torre-Bueno, J. R. — Remarks on Heteroptera in beach drift. 19,
xv, 142-5.

Baker, A. C. — Anuraphis longicauda, a new aphid injurious to
plum trees. 54, xxxiii, 93-6. Ball, E. D.— Notes on the Cercopidae
with descriptions of some n. sps. 105, xxvi. l-i:;-5<). McAtee, W. L.
—Cercopidae of the vicinity of Washington, D. C., with descrip-
tions of new varieties of Clastoptera. 54, xxxiii, 171-6. Van Duzee,

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXli, '21

E. P. — New hemipterous insects of the genera Aradus, Phytocoris
and Camptobrochys. 61, ix, 331-56.

LEPIDOPTERA. Bell, E. I.— Collecting Libythea bachmani.
19, xv, 130. Dyar, H. G. — New L., chiefly from Mexico, with syn-
onymic notes. 15, viii, 187-98. Goldschmidt, R. — Untersuchungen
zur entwicklungsphysiologie des flugelrnusters der schmetterlinge.
(Arch. f. Entwlck. d. Organ. Berlin, xlvii, 1-24.) Hebert, F. B.—
Observations upon the instars of Phryganidia caterpillars. 20, xxii,
193-200. Johnson, H. L. — Additional notes on Utethesia bella. 17,
iv, 94. Leuderwaldt, H. — Sobre a biologia de Tanaphysa adornata-
lis. (Rev. Mus. Paulista, xi, 401 -2.) McMurray, N. — Collecting in
November. Sesia ithaca. 17, iv, 90; 91-3. Miles Moss, A. — Sphingi-
dae of Para, Brazil. Early stages, food plants, habits, etc. 71,
xxvii, 333-424. Prout, L. B. — Supplementary notes on Dioptidae.
71, xxvii, 50*8-9. Schultze, E. A. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der pedes
spurii der lepidopterenlarven. 111. 1919, A., 1., 1-72. Smith', M.
R. — An insect supposed to breed in corn (Achatodes zeae.) 12,
xiii, 493. Swaine, J. M. — The nervous system of the larva of Sthe-
nopis thule. 4, lii, 275-83. Warren, B. C. S. — Some records of, and
observations on, the flying habit of butterflies when paired. 21,
xxxii, 218-23.

Blackmore, E. H. — New L. from British Columbia. 4, lii, 2GG-71.
Heinrich, C. — The pea moth, a new species. 4, lii, 2.17-8.

DIPTERA. Alexander & McAtee. — Diptera of the superfamily
Tipuloidea found in the District of Columbia. 50, Iviii, 38:1-43-1.
Barber, G. W. — A note on migration of larvae of the housefly. 12,
xiii, 493. Brolemann, H. W. — Encore un mot les culicides. 12,
1920, 269-72. Johnson, C. W. — Descriptions of some new tropical
Pachygastrinae. 5, xxvii, 112-15. Leonard, M. D. — A dipterous
parasite of the parsnip webworm. 12, xiii, 491. Lutz, A. — Dipteros
da familia Blepharoceridae, observados no Brazil. 117, xii, 21-4:;.
Malloch, J. R. — A synopsis of the anthomyiid genus Trichopticus.
4, lii, 271-4. Nonidez, J. F. — The internal phenomena of reproduc-
tion in Drosophila. 10O, xxxix, 207-230. Roch, O. — Uber die larve
von Mycetobia pallipes. Ill, 1919, A, 277-98. Surcouf, J. M. R.—
Sur une critique recente de J. Villeneuve. 20, 1920, 249-51. Speyer,
E. R. — Notes on chemotropism in the housefly. 72, vii. 124-40. Ton-
noir, A. — Contribution a 1'etude des Psychodidae. 33, Ix, H9-.i;.

Alexander, C. P. — Undescribed Tipulidae from western North
America. 61, x 35-46. Dyar, H. G. — The Aedes of the mountains
of California and Oregon. A new Culex from Panama. Note on
Aedes fulvus. Note on the distribution of the flood-mosquitoes of
the west. The earliest name of the yellow fever mosquito. 15,
viii, 16.1-173; 173-7; 174-5; 198-9; 204. Lovett, A. L. — Two new

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS 61

species of Syrphidae. 61, x, :>\-2. Malloch, J. R. — Some new
species of the genus Lonchaea. A, synoptic revision of the an-
thomyiid genus Hydrophoria. 4, Hi. 246-;: 253-7. V synopsis of
i e North American species of the genus Pegomyia ( An!ho:nyiid:i<-. >
A new genus of Agromyzidae. 19, xv. 121-7; 1-17-8. Van Duzee,
M. C. — Three new species of Doliclropodidae from California and
Xevada. 61, x 47-9. Melander, A. L. - — Synopsis of the dipterous
family Psilidae. 5, xxvii, '.)!-] 01.

COLEOPTERA. Arendsen Hein, S. A.— Studies on variation in
the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. 108, x, 227-64. Bertin, L. — Lc
dimorphisme sexuel chez les Dynastes. (La Nature, I'.i-.'O, 319-20.)
da Costa Lima, A. — Sohre os casulos de dois curculionideos, um
dos quaes e uma especie nova de um rovo genero da familia Orobi-
tidae. (Arch. Escola Supf Agr. e Med. Vet, Nictheroy, Brazil, iv.
9-14.) Davis, W. T. — Notes on beetles of the genera Melasoma and
"Gonioctena. 19, xv, 145-6. Frost & Weiss. — An addition to biblio-
graphy on Agrilus. 5, Hi, 247. Leng, C. W. — Catalogue of the C.
of America, north of Mexico. 4(59 pp. (Mount Vernon, N. V., 1920.)
Melezer, J. — Os longicorneos Brazileiros da sub-familia Prioninae.
(Rev. Mus. Paulista, xi, 1-208.) Warren, E. — Observations on the
comparative anatomy of the termitophilous Aleocharine Paracoro-
toca akcrmani. (An. Natal Mus., iv, 297-366.) Wilke, S. — Beitrage
zur kenntnis der gattung Cybister. Ill, 1919, A, 2, 243-76.

Blatchley, W. S. — Notes on some C. taken in the vicinity of Bu-
nt-din, Florida, in the spring of 1920, with descriptions of new spe-
cies. 4, Hi, 2.39-64. Fall, H. C.— On certain species of Haltica, old
and new. 5, xxvii, 101-111. Notman, H. — Staphylinidae from Flor-
ida in the collection of the Am. Mus. N. H., with descriptions of
n. gen. and sps. 62, xlii, 693-732. Schwarz, E. A. — A new scolytiid
beetle from tropical Florida. 20, xxii. 222-6.

HYMENOPTERA. Davis, W. T.— Mating habits of Sphccius
speciosus, the cicada killing wasp. 19, xv, 12S-9. Haber, V. R.—
O\ {position by an evaniid. Evania appendigastcr. 4, Hi. 248. v.
Hess, C. — Neues zur frage nach einen farbcn snipe bei bienen. 118,
xlviii, 927-9. 7 Kinsey, A. C. — Life histories of American Cynipidae.
Phytogeny of cynipid genera and biological characteristics. 62, xlii.
319-357; 357-402. Mann, W. M.— Additions to the ant fauna of the
\Yest Indies and Centra! America. 62, xlii, 40:; -:;'.i.

Kinsey, A. C.— New species and synonymy of American Cyni-
pidae. 62, xlii, 293-317. Lutz & Cockerell.— Notes on the distribu-
tion and bibliography of N. A. bees of the families. Apidae. Meli-
poindae, Bo/iibidae, Euglossi<!;i< and \nthophoridae. 62, xlii, I'.H-
641.

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO.
BY CHARLES W. LENG.

We are able to announce the appearance of this longlooked-for
catalogue. It will be especially welcomed by the North American
coleopterists, and we expect to have a thorough reveiw of it appear in
a subsequent issue of this journal. We will say, however, from a gen-
eral student's casual glance, that it is a thoroughly practical work of its
kind. Copies can be purchased at Ten Dollars each from John D.
Sherman, Jr., 132 Primrose Avenue, Mount Vernon, New York.

Regarding the dates of issue of this catalogue, the following infor-
mation was received from Mr. Sherman.

The first copy of the paper edition was delivered to Dr. Samuel
Henshaw, of The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.,
December 24, 1920, and other copies mailed ^the same date to Dr. E. A
Schwarz, of the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.,
and to Prof. H. F. Wickham, Towa City, Iowa. Copies were on sale
by Mr. Sherman, December 27th, and on December 28th copies were
sent to the Editor of Science. Garrison, N. Y., The American Ento-
mological Society, Philadelphia, and to A. S. Mutchler, of the Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History, New York. A copy was purchased
from Mr. Sherman, December 29th, by H. L. Gifford, 2426 Palmetto
St., Brooklyn, N. Y., and on the same date one was delivered to
Prof. H. C. Fall while in New York City. The copy sent to The
American Entomological Society was received by it December 30th, so
stamped and placed in its Library.— E. T. CKESSON, JR., Librarian
A F S

/X. -Cy. O.

Doings of Societies.

The American Entomological Society.

Meeting of December 8, 1919, in the hall of The Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Twelve persons present, including Messrs.
J. J. Davis and C. H. Hadley, of the Riverton (New Jersey) Entomo-
logical Laboratory. The President, Dr. Henry Skinner, in the chair.

Dr. Skinner announced the death of Mr. George B. Cresson, who
became a member of the Society April 11, 1879, and made some remarks
in appreciation of his character and entomological work.*

On motion the following dates were chosen for the meetings of the
Society in 1920: the fourth Thursdays of February, April and October;
the first Monday of June, and the second Monday of December.

The following were regularly nominated and elected to serve as
officers and on committees of the Society for 1920: President, Henry
Skinner; Vice President, J. A. C,. Rehn ; CorrcspDiidinu Secretary, Mor-
gan Hcbard; Recording Secretary, R. C. Williams: Treasurer. E. T.

* See the NEWS for Jan., 1920, vol. xxxi, p. 29.

X.xxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63

Cresson ; Publication Committee, J. A. G. Rehn, E. T. Cresson and P. F.
Calvert; Finance Committee, D. M. Castle, Morgan Hebard and J. A.
G. Rehn; Property Committee, K. T. Cresson, Jr., Morgan Hebard and
Philip Laurent.

Meeting of February 26, 1920, in the same hall. Seven persons
present. The President, Dr. Skinner, in the chair.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. J. A. G. Rehn exhibited a copy of J. Gundlach's
Contribution a la Entomologia Cubana, Parte IV, treating of the
Orthoptera, which he had recently received and is turning over to
the Society's library in which it has been lacking. This is a very rare
publication. He called attention to Dr. Calvert's paper on Gundlach's
publications in the Society's Transactions, vol. xlv, no. 4. He also
made a few remarks upon sexual dimorphism in the Dermaptera, illus-
trating them chiefly by African forms which he had been studying
recently, and spoke concerning the macrolabic and cyclolabic develop-
ment of the forceps in the males of certain genera.

HEMIPTERA. — Mr. W. T. Davis exhibited and presented to The
Academy of Natural Sciences specimens of Okana«ana magnified Davis
from the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico (Woodgate), from Arizona
and Colorado.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner exhibited boxes of Pyrrhopyginae and
Hesperiinae showing curious mimicry.

GENERAL. — He also exhibited a piece of lead sheathing from a tele-
phone cable in Texas which was curiously punctured by an insect which
bores through the lead. The identity of the species is unknown, but
it has done damage to the lines in that region.

R. C. WILLIAMS, Recording Secretary.

OBITUARY.

JAMES S. JOHNSON — died at his home, 3314 Benner Street,
\Yissinoming. Philadelphia. December the 14th, 1^20. aged
eighty-four years. Mr. Johnson was one of the first to engage
in the upholstery business in Frankford, where he was born.
During the Civil \Yar he was in command of a hospital ship.
Interment was made at Cedar Hill Cemetery.

He was interested in moths and had an excellent local col-
lection. The genus Calocahi appealed particularly to him and
mar his home lie captured and recorded fifty-one species and
varieties.

Mr. Johnson aKo conducted '/'/;<• .\'uhirt'.list's Journal, pub-
lished at Philadelphia, and in it he published a number of
popular articles on various species of moths: Tn the Canadian

64 I..NTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21

Entomologist for 1881 appeared an article on Hyphantria
tc.vtor and in the year before one on "Early Appearance of
Catocalas." In Entomological News for 1891 three articles
were by him, the most important being entitled "Hunting
Catocalae," a list of the local species being given with dates of
appearance. Mr. Johnson was a genial man and an ardent
collector and naturalist.-— H. S.

Obituary notices of the following entomologists have been
published in recent numbers (September—November, 1920) of
the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (London):

WILLIAM WEST, born at Rotherhithe in 1836, died at Har-
ringay, Middlesex. July 20, 1920. His work was in the brass
foundry of John Penn & Sons. Greenwich, for nearly fifty
years. He wa? one of the founders of the South London
Entomological and Natural History Society and Curator of
their collections. He presented his collection of Homoptera
( ca. 3500 spmns.) to the Natural History Museum at South
Kensington. Llis few written communications concern British
insects.

E. C. ADAMS, an extensive collector of Diptera, who pre-
sented his specimens (ca. 9000), chiefly taken in the New
Eorest, to the same Museum, died in Eebruary, 1920.

!(V-\XK MILBURN How- LETT. Second Imperial Entomologist
of India (1907) and, at the time of his death, Imperial Patho-
logical Entomologist at Pusa, died after an operation at
Mussoorie, India, August 20, 1920. He was born at Norfolk,
in 1877, was a scholar at Christ's College, Cambridge (1896-
1900), taught in England, and then at Allahabad University.
first in chemistry, then in biology (1905-1907). He con-
tributed some of the sections to Professor Maxwell Lefroy's
Indian Insect Life (1909V Lie was especially interested in
Diptera and in chemical and physical problems relating to
entomology.

ALT-REP EPMTXP Mr PP. who died October 7. 1920. aged
75, contributed articles on Hriti^h Lepidoptcra and Diptera
and was also a generous donor to the I'ntLh Museum of
Natural History.

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MARCH, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII No. 3

*«*» Im

MAR - 9 1921

THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON

1^07-1865

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. RKHN,

PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
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Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXII MARCH, 1921 No. 3

CONTENTS

Skinner— Moths Collected at Hot Attacking Mildews (Col ).. 83

Springs, Virginia ( Lepid. ) 65 ; Skinner — A new Species of Mt-litaea

Alexander — Undescribed Crane-Flies from Montana ( Lepid. , Rhop ) .... 89

from Argentina (Tipulidae, Dip- Editorial — The Influence of Insects on

tera). Part II 72 Human History 90

Cockerel! — The Bee-genus Ancylosce- Entomological Literature 91

les Haliday ( Hym.) 76 Review of Oberthur's Etudes de Lepi-

Barnes and Lindsey--On Some Spe- dopterologie Comparee 93

ciesof Hesperia ( Lep., Hesperidae) 78 Review of Lindsey's Hesperioidea of

Howe — Sympetrum atripes (Hagen)a

good Species ( Odon. ) 80

Davidson — Observations on Psyllobora

taedata LeConte, a Coccinellid

America North of Mexico A1

Doings of Societies — Ent. Sec. Acadv
Nat. Sci. (Orth., Dip., Lep.,

Odon ) 94

i

!

Moths Collected at Hot Springs, Virginia (Lepid.).

By HENRY SKINNER.

It not infrequently happens that entomologists go on collect-
ing trips or spend their vacation in the country and give no
thought to general entomology hut confine their entire attention
to the group or order in which they are specially interested.
This appears rather selfish to the writer and not good for
entomology. Mr. Morgan Hebard is an exception to this rule.
His principal work is with the Orthoptern hut he does not
neglect the other orders. The moths listed were in an excel-
lent state of preservation and it was a pleasure to study them.
The collection is noteworthy on account of the number of
genera and species collected at one place in a short period of
time. Butterflies were also collected and the true Lycacna
lygdamus taken.* Mr. Hebard has very kindly supplied the
following notes in regard to the locality and his method of
collecting the specimens.

"Hot Springs, Virginia, is situated close to the western
border of the state in its central portion. At an elevation of

*Ent. News, 1917, xxviii, 212.

65

66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ XX.xii, '21

two thousand feet, the small village nestles at the foot of
heavily wooded parallel ridges, which attain an altitude of from
thirty-two hundred to four thousand feet in the immediate vi-
cinity. The rich mountain-valley pastures and deciduous forests
were evidently teeming with insect life and, having occupied a
small white cottage on the hillside on July 3, 1916, preparations
were made for extensive collection of Orthoptera.

"A broad veranda, facing westward over the valley, had its
wrall and ceiling painted white and the three electric lights
were seen to throw their radiance some distance through and
over the trees below. Having changed the lights for those of
one hundred candle power, the place was found to be ideal for
collecting not only the few night-flying Orthoptera. but also
the abundant Heterocera.

"In order to secure the moths without rubbing, two large
cyanide jars were used ; one in which the captures were made,
these being dumped into the other jar as soon as movement had
ceased. This was found to be a very important detail in the
proper preservation of this delicate material.

"The appearance of the moths was very irregular, some
nights being inexplicably bad, many good, while on occasional
evenings, when no apparent difference in climatic conditions
was noted, an extraordinary number of species as well as
individuals would make their appearance. Individuals could
be taken from twilight throughout the night, the largest number
being usually secured between eight and ten. Scarcely any
work, however, was done after midnight, and so we have few
data for the hours before dawn, during which, we have reason
to believe, moths sometimes appear about lights in some regions
in remarkable abundance.

"Sultry nights are well known to be very favorable, but
during this work almost every warmer afternoon was followed
by a thunder storm which, at this altitude, almost invariably
lowered the temperature to a point where further collecting
proved to be of little avail. It was interesting to note, howevrr,
that long after the high winds and rain had commenced, speci-
mens of all sizes would often continue to come in.

"The study of first appearance and duration of the various

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67

species would prove very interesting. During our stay, from
July 3 to August 24, species we had not previously seen were
constantly appearing, fresh individuals often becoming numer-
ous, while after a comparatively brief period of abundance
those which came in would be in large part badly damaged and
the number of individuals would show nightly a rapid decrease.

"Many species showed very contrasting behaviour after fly-
ing in and having become confused by the lights. .Many of the
larger species and some of the smaller forms would finally
come to rest on the ceiling and its bordering ledges, but the
greater number of the small individuals would come to rest
on the white posts, back wall and on the screen doors. Tt also
appeared that -certain groups were less attracted to the- lights
and showed less decided confusion than others. Thus only
rarely would a Sphingid fly in and, unless it shortly came to
rest on the back wall, or became more confused in seeking an
impossible exit through the ceiling, would dart out into the
darkness, seldom returning.*

"Though the number of species of small moths which came
to light was astonishing to us, still other species were seen
and taken in the nearby woodland which did not at any time
make their appearance on the porch.

"The number of species taken was 348, representing 219
genera, the total of individuals being 1824. One new species
was secured.

"A most satisfactory and compact method of packing this
material was followed, as suggested to us by Dr. Skinner. In
the morning the storage jar was emptied and the specimens
were pinned on fine insect pins. Sorted according to size,
three or four of the smaller individuals could be placed on one
pin, this being done with the forceps so that at no time was an
example touched by the fingers. A small label bearing the
date was then placed on the pin and the prepared series packed

* Similar behavior of Sphingidae was recently observed by us in
Colombia, South America, where considerable collecting about small
electric lights and a relatively high-powered twin gasoline pressure-
lamp was accomplished. This type of light is clearly unsatisfactory
for the collecting of these, the largest-bodied group of swift-flying
moths.

68

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[xxxii, '21

closely in cigar boxes having cork bottoms. This method would
not be safe in moist climates, but will prove most satisfactory
in temperate regions."

Deilephila lineata
Ampelophaga myron
Chlaenogramma jasminearnm
Ceratomia amyntor
undulosa

Smerinthus jamaicensis
Paonias excaecatus

myops

Cressonia juglandis
Actias luna
Telea polyphemus
Eacles imperialis
Citheronia regalis
Dryocampa ruhicunda
Scepsis rufkollis
Crambidia pallida

cephalica
casta

Hypoprepia miniata
fucosa

Illice subjecta
Nigetia formosalis
Characoma nilotica
Eubaphe ferruginosa
Haploa clymene

fulvicosta
Estigmene acraea
Diacrisia virginica
latipennis
Isia isabella
Apantesis virgo

nais

Halisidota tessellaris
Demas flavicornis

infanta

Charadra deridcns
Acronycta americana
dactylina
lobeliae
lithospila
" hamamclis

Acronycta ovata
inclara
increta
retardata
distans

Microcoelia obliterata
Bryophila lepidula
Polygrammate hebraeicum
Chytonix palliatricula
Baileya dormitans

ophthalm-ica
Anorthodes tarda
Caradrina miranda
Perigea vecors
Oligia grata
Hadena passer
arctica
verbascoides
lignicolor
modica

Hyppa xylinoides
Euplexia lucipara
Actinotia ramosula
Dypterygia scabriuscula
Prodenia ornithogalli
Laphygma frugiperda

obscura

Rhynchagrotis alternata
Eueretagrotis sigmoides
inattenta
attenta

Semiophora elimata
Pachnobia fishi
Agrotis ypsilon

geniculata

Peridromia saucia

incivis

Noctua bicarnea
c-nigrum
plecta
lubricans

xxxii, '21]

ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS

Feltia jaculifera
" herilis
" annexa
Euoxa redimicula
messoria
insulsa
tessellata
obeliscoides
Mamestra nimbosa

purpurissala
lustralis
detracta
subj uncta
cristifcra
latex
adj uncta
legitima
ectypa
renigera
marinitincta
Leucania unipuncta

pseudargyria
albilinea
phragmatidicola
Orthodes crenulata

vecors

Tricholita signata
syrissa

Cucullia asteroides
Achatodes zeae
Hydroecia velata

americana

Erythroecia hebardi*
1'yrrhia umbra
Orthosia ferruginoides
aurantiago
helva
Calymnia orina

calami

Cboridea virescens
Rhodophora florida
Lygranthoecia thoreaui

marginata
Euthisanotia grata

Plagiomimicus pitychromus
Polyclirysia formosa
Plusia aerea

" balluca
Autographa precationis

falcifera

Ogdoconta cinereola
Paectes oculatrix
Scolecocampa liburna
I 'hiprosopus callitrichoides
Erastria synochitis

muscosula
carneola
Galgula hcpara
partita

Metoponia obtusa
Chamyris cerintha
Acontia erastrioides
Spragueia leo
Mrlathura.sa UK metifera
Phalaenostola larentoides
Pangrapta decoralis
I lomopyralis discalis
contracta
tantillus ?
1 'rasU'ria erechtea
Mclipotis limbolaris
Catocala nubilis

arnica

gracilis

grynea

hero

similis

clintoni

herodias

coccinata

ilia

cara

amatrix

antinympha

palaeogama

neogama

epione

dejecta

*Ent. News, 1917, XXVIII, 329.

70

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[xxxii, "21

Catocala residua
Panapoda rufimargo
Agnomonia anilis
Ypsia undularis
Homoptera lunata
Epizeuxis lubricalis
rotundalis
americalis
aemula
Zanclognatha laevigata

ochreipennis
Philometra goasalis
Bleptina atrimacula
Tetanolita mynesalis
'Renia discoloralis

flavipunctalis

Heterogramma pyramusalis
Gaberasa ambigualis
Palthis angulalis
asopialis
Bomolocha deceptalis

madefactalis
umbralis.

Plathypena scabra
Habrosyne scripta
Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides

expultrix

Melalopha apicalis
inclusa

Datana ministra
angusi
perspicua

Hyperaeschra georgica
Lophodonta ferruginea
Nadata gibbosa
Nerice bidentata
Dasylophia anguina
Heterocampa obliqua
umbrata

biundata
bilineata

Misogada unicolor
Schizura semirufescens
unicornis
badia

Hyparpax aurora
Fentonia marthesia
Gluphisia septentrionalis
Hemerocampa definita
Olene achatina
Malacosoma americana

disstria

Drepana genicula
Dyspteris abortivaria
Eudule mendica
Heterophleps triguttaria
Tepbroclystis nebulosa
Eucymatoge intestinata
Venusia comptaria
Euchoeca albovittata

albifera
Coryphista meadi

badiaria
Eustroma gracilineata

atrocolorata
Percnoptilota fluviata
Mesoleuca lacustrata
Hydriomena latirupta
Coenocalpe magnoliata
Gypsochroa sitellata
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Haematopsis grataria
Calothysanis amaturaria
Cosymbia myrtaria

lumenaria

albocostaliata
Synelys enucleata
Leptomeris quinquelinearia
Eois demissaria
nimbicolor
obfuscaria
Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria

phyllinaria
Synchlora aerata
Anaplodes viridicaria
Heliomata infulata
Physostegania pustularia
Sciagraphia heliothidata
Macaria infimata
minorata

xxxii. '21]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

71

Cymatophora ribearia

distribuaria
Catopyrrha coloraria

dissimilaria
Alcis sulphuraria
Paraphia deplanaria
Lytrosis urritaria
Cleora pampinaria

larvaria

Melanolophia canadaria
Ectropis crepuscularia
Epnnecis virginaria
Lycia cognataria
Aiiagoga pulveraria
Sicya macularia
Therina endropiaria
Metrocatnpa praegrandaria
Eugonobapta nivosaria
Ennomos subsignarius
Xanthotype crocotaria
Plagodis phlogosaria
Hyperitis amicaria
Euchlaena serrata

johnsonaria
Metanema excelsa

quercivoraria
Azclina ancetaria
Caberodes confusaria
majoraria
Tetracis crocallata
Sabulodes sulphurata
arcasaria
transversata
Kndea querceti

indetermina
chloris

Xatada nasoni
Prolimacodes scapha
Limacodes biguttata
y-inversa

Lithacodes fasciola
Tortricidia flexuosa
Glaphyria sesquistrialis
Symphysa eripalis
Hymenia pcrspectalis

Desmia funeralis
Pilocrocis ramentalis
Blepharomastix nymphulalis
Pantographa limata
Evergestis rimosalis
Crocidophora serratissimalis
Nomophila noctuella
Phlyctaena ferrugalis
Cindaphia bicoloralis
Pyrausta aeglealis
thestealis
acrionalis
insequalis
generosa
Pyrausta signatalis

niveicilialis
Elophila bifascialis
Scoparia basalis
strigilis

Aglossa cuprealis
Herculia olinalis
Galasa rubidana
Crambus alboclavellus
elegans
teterellus
trisectus
luteolellus
Argyria nivalis
Tetralopha militella
Exartema inornatana
Olethreutes daeckeana
Enarmonia interstinctana
Ecdytolopha insiticiana
Epagoge sulphurana
Ccnopis reticulatana
Archips rosaceana
purpurana
Platynota sentana
Tortrix peritana
Kulia alisellana
Krachiloma unipunctclla
Holocera chalcofrontella
Xylestia pruniramella
Acrolophus plumi f rontellus

72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

Undescribed Crane-Flies from Argentina (Tipulidae,

Diptera)— Part II.

By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Urbana, Illinois.
This paper is a continuation of the first part under this
title (ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, vol. xxxi, pp. 215-221. 1920).
The material herein considered was sent to me by my friend,
Serior Charles Bruch, and is based principally on specimens
sent him by Engineer VVeiser, collected in the Puna Region
of the Province of Jujuy. The types are preserved in the
writer's collection.

Geranomyia subserotina sp. n.

Allied to G. serotina; mesonotal praescutum reddish grey with three
narrow longitudinal stripes, the median one black, the lateral stripes
dark reddish brown, these latter continued caudad onto the scutal lobes ;
femora brownish testaceous, the tips more yellowish, before the tips
with an indistinct brownish ring ; wings yellowish white with a sparse
brown pattern ; Sc short.

$. Length (excluding the rostrum) about 8 mm.; wing 8 mm.;
rostrum alone, about 3.8 — 4 mm. Rostrum moderately elongated, black ;
palpi black. Antennae black, the flagellar segments rounded oval.
Head yellowish gray; a pale silvery line extending from the front to
the occiput; two narrow brownish black lines extending from the pos-
terior margin of the eyes to the occiput, subequal in width to the pale
line enclosed ; these black lines are sometimes nearly obsolete.

Mesonotal praescutum reddish grey with three narrow longitudinal
stripes, the median stripe broader and more deeply colored, black;
lateral stripes dark reddish brown, very narrow anteriorly, posteriorly
extending slightly beyond the level of the median stripe; scutum heavily
light grey pruinose ; scutellum brown, the posterior margin indistinctly
yellowish ; postnotum light brown, sparsely pruinose. Pleura reddish
gray pruinose, the dorsal sclerites a little darker. Halteres obscure
yellow, the knobs brown.

Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish testaceous ; femora
brownish testaceous, before the more yellowish tips with an indistinct,
subterminal, light brown ring; remainder of the legs brown, gradually
passing into black on the tarsi.

Wings with a faint yellowish white tinge ; stigma small, brown ;
small brown seams as follows : on the supernumerary crossvein in cell
Sc; origin of Rs; tip of Sc; along the cord and outer end of cell
1 st M2; veins yellowish. Venation : Sc rather short, extending to
about opposite one fourth the length of Rs, Sc2 at the tip of Sc\;
Rs long, arcuated at origin; r at tip of R\ and at about one-third the
length of A'2+3; basal deflection of R4+5 arcuated; cell 1st M2

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73

closed, about as long as vein jl/3 beyond it ; basal deflection of Cul
beyond the fork of M, equal to or longer than Cu2 alone.

Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites paler; hypopygium obscure
reddish yellow.

Holotypc: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy, May 23, 1920
(V. Weiser). Paratopotypcs: 2 $ 's, May 22-23, 1920.

Geranomyia subscrotina is closely related to G. serotinu
Alex. (Argentina: Sierra Cordoba)' from which it is readilv
told by the different coloration of the niesonotum (there bein".
three distinct dark stripes) and the much shorter subcosta.

Gonomyia (Gonomyella) maesta sp. n.

Antennae dark brown; mesonotum black, grayish brown pruinose;
pleura with a conspicuous whitish yellow longitudinal stripe ; wings
with a brownish tinge ; Sc moderately long ; male hypopygium with
three pleural appendages, the longest of which is slender, near mid-
length dilated into a collar-like structure, one side of which is slightly
produced into a spine ; penis-guard with the apex simple.

$ . Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 5.2 mm. $ . Length about 5.5
mm. ; wing 5.4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown with a
sparse yellowish pubescence ; flagellar segments in the male cylind-
rical, in the female oval. Head gray.

Pronotum dark gray pruinose, the scutellum obscure yellow.
Mesonotum black, sparsely grayish brown pruinose ; pseudosutural
foveae conspicuous, elongate, shiny black. Pleura black, sparsely gray
pruinose ; a conspicuous obscure whitish yellow longitudinal stripe
extending from behind the fore coxae to near the hind coxae ; a pale
yellow spot on the mesepimeron in front of the base of the halteres.
Halteres brown.

Legs with the coxae blackish, paler apically ; trochanters dark brown ;
remainder of the legs brownish black, the bases of the femora paler.

Wings with a strong brownish tinge ; stigma oval, darker brown ;
veins almost black. Venation: Sc moderately long, Scl ending about
opposite midlength of Rs; Rs long, gently arcuated; R2+3 shorter
than R2; r obliterated or approximately so; basal deflection of R4-\-5
longer than r-m; basal deflection of Cul at the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brownish black. Male hypopygium with the outer
lateral angle produced into a short spine ; three pleural appendages, the
longest a cylindrical chitinizcd rod, the basal half stout, at about mid-
length dilated into an irregular collar, the lower angle produced into ;i
sharp spine, the face of which is setigerous ; the distal half of this
appendage is slender; intermediate appendage fleshy, the surface
covered with numerous short sensory setae; outer appendage slightly
curved, gradually narrowed to the subacute blackened apex. I'enis-
guard with the tip simple.

74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

llolot\pc: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy, May 22. 1920
(V. Weiser). Alloiupotyfe: 9, May 23, 1920.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) illicis sp. n.

Antennae black, the scape orange ; thoracic pleura yellow with a
narrow dark brown longitudinal stripe ; halteres long, brown ; wings
tinged with gray; Sc very short, cell \st M2 open, basal deflection of
Cwl at the fork of M ; abdomen dark brown, the sternites yellow ;
male hypopygium with two pleura! appendages ; gonapophyses elongate,
needle-like.

$ . Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4.6 mm. 9 . Length about 5 mm. ;
wing 5.8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape orange ;
flagellum dark brownish black. Head obscure yellow, the vertex marked
with darker.

Pronotum light sulphur yellow, darker laterally. Mesonotum brown,
the lateral margins of the praescutum and scutum more yellowish ;
scutellum light brown, the caudal margin narrowly yellowish ; postno-
tum brown medially, the lateral margins of the median sclerite and
all of the lateral sclerites yellow. In the female ascribed to this
species the postnotum is yellow except posteriorly. Pleura yellow, more
obscure ventrally ; a narrow dark brown longitudinal stripe extending
from the lateral margins of the pronotum above the fore coxae, through
the base of the halteres to the abdomen ; sternites dark brown. Halteres
relatively long and slender, brown.

Leg's with the coxae yellowish flesh color ; trochanters yellowish
testaceous ; remainder of the legs light brown.

Wings faintly grayish ; stigma slightly darker, grayish brown ; veins
dark brown. Venation: Sc short, Scl ending far before the origin
of Rs, the distance being about two-thirds the length of Rs; Rs arcu-
ated ; R2+3 long, strongly arcuated, about twice R2 but shorter than
Rs; basal deflection of A'4+5 short; cell 1st A/2 open; basal deflection
of Cu\ at the fork of M. In the female, cell 1st M2 is closed in both
wings.

Abdominal tergites dark brown ; sternites and the hypopygium obscure
yellow. Male hypopygium with the pleurites stout, the outer lateral
angle produced caudad into a slender, fleshy sctigerous lobe ; pleural
appendages two in number, one fleshy, the tip narrowly chitinized and
flattened into a small beak ; a row of about twenty stout setae along
its face ; the other appendage is fleshy, but at about two-thirds the
length there is borne a stout chitinized spine that is about as long as
the fleshy apex beyond it; the fleshy parts on the outer half of the
appendage are provided with abundant long bristles. Penis-guard long
and slender, the apex slightly bifid ; gonapophyses two, subtending the
penis-guard, these very long and slender, needle-like, the tips acute,
not attaining the ends of the guard.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Holot\pc: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy, May 22. 1920
(V. \Veiser). Allotoputypc : -9. Ftimtopotype : 6, May
25. 1920.

Gononi\'ia illicis is related to (V. jejuna Alex. (Peru) but
differs in the structure of the male hypopvgium.

Gonomyia (Leiponeura) trispinosa sp. n.

Allied to G. cincrca; male hypopygium with three pleural appendages,
each of which bears a chitinized spine.

$ . Length about 3.5 mm. : wing 4.3 mm. Belongs to the cincrca
group; allied to G. hclophila and other species.

Head broken. Mesonotum clove-brown. Pleura brown, the dorso-
pleural region yellowish ; a narrow yellowish white longitudinal stripe
passing below the root of the halteres to the base of the abdomen,
this pale line bordered on either side by a dark brown margin. Halteres
short, brown..

Legs with the coxae and trochanters testaceous yellow ; fore and
middle legs broken ; hind femora obscure yellow, before the tips with
a narrow brown subterminal ring ; tibiae light yellow, conspicuously
tipped with black; metatarsi brown, the distal half and the remainder
of the tarsi black.

Wings with a grayish yellow tinge, the costal and subcostal regions
paler yellow ; stigma indistinctly pale brown ; veins brown, the cross-
veins and deflections comprising the cord darker brown. Venation :
Sc short, Scl ending far before the origin of Rs, the distance being
greater than Rs alone ; Sc2 a short distance from the tip of Scl ; Rs
comparatively short, strongly arcuated at origin; inner ends of cells
R3, R5 and 1st M2 in alignment; cell 2nd M2 a little longer than its
petiole ; basal deflection of Cul at the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the posterior margins of the seg-
ments broadly but obscurely yellowish; sternites more yellowish. Male
hypopygium with the pleurites rather stout; three pleural appendages,
each of which bears a sharp blackened spine; ventral appendage longest,
produced caudad as a flattened, ribbon-like blade, the tip narrowly
darkened, obtuse; near the base of this lobe on the proximal face a
short but acute slightly curved black spine; intermediate appendage a
short, slightly curved black spine of approximately the same shape and
size as the one just described; dorsal pleural appendage a fleshy lobe
whose caudal angle is produced into a very long, strong, chitinized
hook that is several times larger than either of the two spines just
described ; the blackened apex of this hook is bent almost at a right
angle to the base; the base of the appendage bears several powerful
setae. Gonapopyhyses and penis-guard elongate but of simple structure
as in this group of species.

Holotype: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy. May 22, l(>2n
(V. Weiser).

76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXli, '21

Brachypremna subsimilis sp. n.

Related to B similis; mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow with four
distinct brown stripes, the outer ones curved strongly laterad to the
margin of the sclerite; abdominal sternites each with a linear dark
lim\vn median mark that covers approximately one-half of the length
of each segment.

$ . Length 16 mm. ; wing 22 mm. Closely related to B. similis
\\ill. (Mexico to Panama), differing as follows:

Frontal prolongation of the head tumid, light yellow above, brown
laterally; mouthparts dark brown; basal segment of the palpus dark
brown, the other segments broken.

Pronotum pale brownish yellow with four darker brown spots.
Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow with four distinct stripes ; the
intermediate pair dark brown behind, more reddish anteriorly, the ex-
treme cephalic ends of each more shiny and with a small dark brown
spot; lateral stripes bent outward almost at a right angle, enclosing a
circular area of the ground-color between it and the transverse suture;
postnottyn with the pale sublateral stripes approximately as wide as the
fusiform median stripe.

The coloration of the legs is practically identical in the two species,
but the tibiae in the present species are paler and the feet somewhat
more yellowish.

The wings are likewise almost identical but here the stigma is paler
and Rs less strongly angulated at its origin.

Abdomen dark brown, the lateral margins of the segments yellowish,
v'ery broad on segment one and the base of segment two; sternites
olu-ciire yellow with a linear dark brown dash on each, these much
longer and more conspicuous than in B. similis, occupying about one-
half the length of the segments, on sternites six and seven much
longer, occupying almost all of the sclerite.

Ifclotypc: $, San Roque, Corrientes, February. 1920

( Sefior Juan Bosq).

— <«» —

The Bee-genus Ancylosceles Haliday (Hym.).

B|y T. D. A. COCKERELL

Much confusion has arisen through the misinterpretation of
the Anthophorid genus Ancylosceles, -usually written Ancylos-
celis. It was first published with a described species by Hali-
day, but his A. nrsinns was so imperfectly denned. that it was
impossible to place it with certainty. I have found Haliday's
unique type in the British Museum, and it represents a genus
which includes Ancyluscc.lis tunualis Vachal, 1904, and such
species as arnia/a Smith, recently referred to I.eptcrgatis.
Leptergatis halictoides Ilolmbi-rg, represented bv five speci-

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77

mens in tin- museum, belongs to a different genus, with a
very long tongue, closely related to M c/i/mna. It differs from
Mclitoina in the long six-jointed maxillary palpi, lacking con-
spicuous lateral brush of hairs, and in the venation of hind
wing, the separation of discoidal and cubital ncrvuiv> being
about equally distant from transversomedial and transverse-
cubital. True Ancylosccles, including urslnus, armatns and
turmalls, is a distinct genus, peculiar to the neotropical -region,
but widely spread therein. Haliday's type may be redescribed
as follows :

Ancylosceles ursinus Haliday.

$ . Length about 9 mm., anterior wing 8.3 mm. ; head and thorax
with rather short ferruginous hair; abdomen densely covered with ap-
pressed velvet-like ferruginous hair ; legs with ferruginous hair ; base
of mandibles yellow, with a black spot on upper part of yellow area;
labrum yellow ; clypeus yellow, with two large black triangles above,
joined in the middle line, so that the lower margin of the black is
W-like; apical part of scape red in front; flagellum dark reddish, not
very long; tongue broadened and fan-like at tip; hind femora very
greatly swollen, oval, with the inner face flattened and ferruginous ;
hind tibiae much swollen, with an angle or low tooth on outer side
beneath, not far from apex ; hind basitarsi pale yellowish, somewhat
swollen, but otherwise simple; wings dusky; transversomedial of hind
wing a little oblique, a little (but distinctly) nearer to separation of
discoidal and cubital nervures than is transversocubital ; third submar-
ginal of anterior wing broad above, its breadth on marginal more than
half as great as its lower side; first recurrent nervure joining second
submarginal cell at about the beginning of its last third ; stigma well
developed ; apex of abdomen not bidentate.

Ancylosccles turmoils (Yach.) is closely allied to A. ursinus,
but smaller, with no black spot on yellow of mandibles. The
clypeus is more reddish, but the two black triangles arc present.
and the insect has the same red pubescence. Tn the hind
wing the separation of the discoidal and cubital nervures is a
little nearer transversocubital than transversomedial. The hind
legs are of the same type, but the hind basitarsi have a tooth-
like angulation on the anterior side, a structure much more
developed (thorn-like) in A. armatus.

Diadnsin is a perfectly distinct genus, closely related to
I'tHothri.r, but having a pulvilhi<. I'tilofliri.r rlparla Ducke
b.-i ;i puKillus and long third sumarginal cell, and it is to
called Dladasia riparia.

78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

On Some Species of Hesperia (Lepid., Hesperidae.).

By WM. BARNES, M.D. and A. W. LINDSEY, Ph.D.,
Decatur, Illinois.

In the Bulletin dc la Socicte Icpidoptcrologiqitc dc Geneve,
vol. IV, pp. 96-107, Dr. Reverdin considers in his usual pains-
taking way the North American species Hesperia s\richtns,
describing a new form, fmnosa. In the same paper he gives
the name syrichtides to the Central American species which
has been called orcus Cram, by some writers. Dr. Skinner, in
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for December, 1919, p. 297, calls atten-
tion to this paper and adds some interesting information regard-
ing the types of wontiragus Reak.

It was our pleasure during the summer of 1919 to investi-
gate these names as thoroughly as possible, and only the lack
of definite information on the actual identity of syrichtus pre-
vented an earlier publication of our conclusions. Fabricius
stated the locality of syrichtiis in the original description (Syst.
Ent.. 534, 1775) as America, and Butler (Cat. Fab. Diurn.
Lep. B. M., p. 280, 1869) applied the name to specimens from
Honduras. This led us to the conclusion that the name might
properly refer to syrichtides, rather than to the more northern
form, and specimens were sent to the British Museum for com-
parison with the specimens mentioned by Butler. An answer
recently received from Mr. N. D. Riley, who has kindly ex-
amined all the material in his care, informs us that these speci-
mens are no longer to be found, and that the two species are
mixed under the name syrichtiis in the. museum series. He
further states that our North American species alone is repre-
sented by specimens from Honduras, among a series from
Mexico to Costa Rica, while of the other form specimens from
Panama and various parts of South America are in the collec-
tion. Dr. Reverdin, in his paper, adds Brazil to the range of
both species, and Mexico to that of syrichtides, in addition to
other records. From the aggregated data it would thus seem
impossible to arrive at any conclusion based on distribution,
and we can only retain syrichtus Fall, as it has hitherto been
used.

Montivagus Reak., based on two specimens in the Field Mus-

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS

eum which are very fully discussed by Dr. Skinner in the paper
mentioned above, refers to the brown suffused form of
svrichtns. Unfortunately Reakirt's original description does
not mention any of the absolute distinguishing characters of
syrichius, but neither does it mention their absence, so we see
no reason whatever to doubt the validity of the types, a con-
tingency which Dr. Skinner suggests. We have examined th*
t\pes, and there is a compared male in the Barnes collect ion.
The brown suffusion on the under surface of the secondaries
is very conspicuous, and offers, in our opinion, ample basis
for the separation of montivagus as a form of syricJitiis. This
is the form described by Dr. Reverdin as fnmosa. The speci-
men which he figures is one of the most heavily suffused, but
this character is subject to considerable variation. A recent
note from Dr. Reverdin advises us that he was not acquainted
with the true identity of montivagus at the time he described
fnmosa, due, no doubt, to the misuse of the name for tcssellata
for so many years even in our own country. Unfortunately
Dr. Reverdin's name must be regarded as a synonym.

The species described as syrichtides by Dr. Reverdin does
not come within our province, and so we have indulged in no
speculation on its possible identity with orcits Cr. It is un-
doubtedly distinct from our species, as shown by the excellent
figures of the male genitalia published by our esteemed
colleague.

The arrangement of syrichtns in the "Check List" should be
modified thus :

493 syrichtus Fab.

form montivagus Reak.
fumosa Rev.

^ ;•; ;•; :•: % 3f

A note by Mr. Roswcll C. Williams (Ent. News, XXX, p.
38) regarding the apparent specific distinctness of //. occiden-
talis Skin, and tcssellata Scud, on the basis of genital structure
led us to examine a long series of these races recently. The
genitalia do undoubtedly show two very easily ' parable forms
of valves, but these are connected by a great variety of inter-
mediate forms. In true tessellata the valve is provided with a

80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

slender dorsal projection near its tip, which may show a
slight lateral projection ; in occidcntalis from California the
valve is without this spine-like process, but in its place exhibits
two low angular prominences in all the specimens examined.
In specimens from Texas, Arizona, Utah, Nevada and Califor-
nia we find a variable development of two slender processes
from a common base, a slender process with a long branch,
or a long, rather thick process more or less deeply bifurcate
at its tip. It is impossible to draw a definite line between
the extreme forms, so we prefer to retain the old conception of
occidcntalis as a pale western race of tcsscllata, limited in range
to the Pacific Coast States and portions of those immediately
to the east. The race is not at all well marked, for in any part
of the country the extent of the white areas of tcsscllata is
subject to great variation.

*******

The difficulty of formulating any superficial distinction be-
tween macdunnoughi Oberth. and .vanthus Edw. recently led
us to examine the genitalia of the two species, which prove to
be identical. Our three specimens of macdunnoitghi and one
now in the National Museum are quite similar in appearance,
while four specimens of .ranthus are of as many different
forms. The specimens of macdunnoughi, however, are all
from one place, Redington, Arizona, while those of .ranthus
are from four different localities. We may, therefore, safely
conclude that macdunnoughi is a synonym of xanthus, a
variable species as are all of our others in this genus.

Sympetrum atripes (Hagen) a good Species (Odon.).

By R. HEBER HOWE, JR., Thoreau Museum of Natural History,

Concord, Massachusetts.

In a collection of New England Odonata that Mr. George
C. Wheeler has given me for determination I have found two
interesting captures. The first, three specimens of Agrion
amatum (Hagen) from Petersham, Massachusetts (1000 ft.)
taken along the Swift River, July 19, 1920. The second,
two (damaged) males of Sympetrum atripes (Hagen) col-

xxxii, '21]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

81

lected September 9, 1919, along the shore of one of the arms
of Lake Winnepesaukec (500 ft.) in the town of Meredith,
New Hampshire. These spt_\mcns at once attracted my at-
tention on account of their very "villous" thorares and black
legs. The wings are somewhat "smoky," and without Haves-
cent costal margins, and with the genitalia and abdominal
appendages unlike those of other New Kngland species.
Through the kindness of Dr. Hanks they have been compared
with the Hagen types preserved in the Museum of ( "ompara-
tive Zoology, Cambridge, and found to be identical. Though
undoubtedly atrip cs is, on account of its genitalia in the
semicinctum-vicinum-costiferuin section, and as stated by
Hagen a near relative of 6\ costifcrum, the costal margins
as already noted are not flavescent as in that species.

Sympetrum atripcs since it was described from the Yellow-
stone in the Report of the Pseudo-neuroptcra and Neuroptera
collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter in 1873 in Colorado (page
588, 1874) has never been again recorded. It has recently been

Sympetrum atripes Hagen, <J , Lake Winnepesaukee, New Hampshire, September
9, 1919, collected bv Mr. George C. Wheeler.

Above, left profile view of abdominal appendages. Below, It-It profile view of geni-
talia of abdominal segment 2, inverted.

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

questionably placed in the synonymy of 5". cosiiferum by
Dr. Ris, and is catalogued by Dr. Muttkowski (Bull. Publ.
Mus. Milwaukee 160, 1910) as "Canadian; Yellowstone."

The most perfect specimen measures length 34 mm., alar
expansion 55 mm., pterostigma 2.5 mm. One specimen lacks
the head, the other the six distal segments of the abdomen.
The genitalia and abdominal appendages are here figured. Mr.
Wheeler has generously given the author one of the specimens,
the other remains in his own collection.

This capture adds a new species to the New England fauna
which now numbers 159, as C or dulcg aster erroneus Hagen and
Sympctrum corruption (Hagen) have also been added since
the publication of the author's Manual.

Since writing the above I have found a reference by Dr.
Muttkowski (Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. 6:167, 1908) to a
teneral "Sympctnnn sp." taken at Fox Lake, Dodge County,
Wisconsin, which' he states suggests 5. costifcrum "save that
the tarsi are entirely black." He figures the abdominal appen-
dages and genitalia which resemble closely the figures here
given. In fact the genitalia as figured in Dr. Needham's
Aquatic Insects (520) of S. semi cine turn resemble much more
closely these than they do those given for S. costifcrum, and
as they do actual material examined. In a later paper (ibid.
8:58, 1910) Dr. Muttkowski refers to another similar speci-
men (teneral) taken Aug. 13-14, 1909 at North Hudson, St.
Croix County, Wisconsin, which also has "entirely black tarsi."
Except for his remark that the "costal area of all wings is
flavescent" it would appear that his specimens were .S". atripcs,
and in all teneral specimens before me of 5\ costifcrum the
flavescence is more marked than in the adults.*

[*In my collection, at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, are a male and a female of 5". atripcs, labeled "Yellowstone,
Aug. 30, 1894, C. C. Adams" and "Compared with H's type hy P. P. C."
The male has the denticles on the inferior surface of the superior
appendages, four in number, nearer together than in Dr. Howe's figure
and occupying only the terminal fourth of the inferior margin as seen
in profile view (excluding the upward slope to the apex), sides of
abdominal segment 2 not hairy, a very slight flavescence along the
anterior margin of both front and hind wings. — Philip P. Calvert.]

ii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Observations on Psyllobora taedata LeConte, a
Coccinellid Attacking Mildews (Col.).1

By W. M. DAVIDSON," . \lhanibra, California.

Psyllobora taedata LeConte is a common coccinrllid
throughout the cultivated portions of California and the writer
has observed it the past eight years in numerous localities.
It occurs in about equal abundance in the coastal regions and
in the interior valleys.

In all stages the insect is to be found associated with fungus
infestations of the mildew type and it appears to be especially
attracted to rose and apple powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca
pannosa Lev. and Podosphaera oxyacanthac De Bary respec-
tively).

The adult beetles hibernate either singly or in small colonies
in sheltered locations. They issue forth in April and thence-
forth breeding takes place until November and even December.

Pre-eminently a phytophagous insect, the species, never-
theless. is wholly beneficial in that it confines its feeding to de-
structive fungi. It, however, rarely attacks incipient mildew-
outbreaks. but rather well established infestations and in this
respect conforms to the normal character of predatory coccin-
ellids.

The adult beetles are small convex insects, about 2.2 mm.
in length by 1.6 mm. in width; sordid yellowish-white, liberally
blotched and spotted with brown and brownish-black macu-
lations. Immature stages are whitish : the larvae and pupae
bearing grayish markings.

DESCRIPTION OF STAGES.

The ovum is white, elongate, oval, deposited with the long axis at
right angles to the leaf or stem surface. Length .6 mm., width .2 mm.
The eggs are generally deposited on the surface of a leaf attacked by
fungus, more rarely on the stem. When the foliage is being curled by
the action of the fungus the eggs are usually placed inside the curl.
They are rarely deposited in groups larger than 4; most often there
are either 2 or 4 in a group.

The newly-hatched, larva is short oval, light gray, armed with long

1 Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.
" Deciduous Fruit Insert Invt-vti^ation-,, I'.ureau i»f Entomolo
Dept. of Agriculture.

84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

slender whitish hairs, legs hyaline. Size .77 mm. x .23 mm. Twenty-four
hours after hatching the larva is white with a gray head. The lateral
pairs of thoracic and abdominal tubercles are white, the dorso-lateral
and medio-dorsal gray. The tubercles bear whitish hairs and those of
the lateral rows are the longest, about seven-eighths the length of the
anterior margin of the pro-thorax.

After each molt the body color of the larva is gray with a median
lighter stripe, the general color becoming paler as the instar progresses,
so that at the end of each instar the insect is white. Following the first
molt the larva measures about 1.6 mm. x .55 mm., following the second
about 2.2 mm. x .62 mm., and following the third about 2.7 mm. x .8 mm.
The full-grown larva measures 3.1 mm. x 1.2 mm. It is elongate,
sordid white, the eyes black, the head gray. The thoracic sclerites have
ovoid, dusky gray tubercles armed on the margins with rather long pale
hairs. The medio-dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles of abdominal seg-
ments 2 to 7, inclusive, are circular and gray, the color on those of seg-
ment 7 inconspicuous ; segment 1 has a pair of medio-dorsal gray tuber-
cles and the dorso-lateral pair yellow. On each lateral margin is a row
of sordid white tubercles. Each tubercle bears several pale hairs, those
on the lateral tubercles being longest. Legs sordid whitish, coxae gray.
Venter white.

Following the fourth molt or ecdysis the insect becomes a pupa. The
fupa is short, oval, sordid white or whitish gray in ground color; head
white, eyes black ; prothorax white, the margin sometimes light gray ;
wing pads gray, darker towards the apices ; legs whitish ; second abdom-
inal segment bears two small, light gray spots, one on either side of the
medio-dorsum ; third segment with 6 sub-circular black spots in a trans-
verse row, innermost pair largest, outermost pair smallest; fourth seg-
ment with four smaller black spots corresponding to the two inner pairs
on preceding segment ; venter whitish ; short whitish vestiture occurs all
over the body. Darker individuals have six black spots on segment 2
and on the fifth segment four spots like those on the fourth, also two
small blackish spots at the medio-dorsum of the suture dividing the
second and third thoracic sclerites. Length of pupa 1.9 mm. to 2.1 mm.
Width 1.2 mm. to 1.3 mm. Height .85 mm. to 1.05 mm.

The adult beetle, which emerges from the pupa, is convex and broadly
oval ; the pronotum subimpunctate, whitish with a median and four
other brown spots arranged in a semi-circle and sometimes coalescing
into an arc; elytra whitish or yellowish-white, each with three brownish-
black subcircular spots, two variably shaped light brown spots and a
median light brown vitta ; the maculation of the elytra is variable as to
the relative sizes of the spots, but the markings occupy a collective area
slightly greater than that of the pale ground color. Antennae and legs
yellowish-brown. Venter of thorax and abdomen dark brownish-black.

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 85

BIOLOGY.

In rearing the immature forms, glass vials with cotton
>t uppers were used and when records of the length of instars
were desired the food given was rose mildew (Sphaerotheca
pannosa).

Between September 12 and 30, 1918, a female deposited 110
ova, or 6 per day: another deposited 106 ova between Sep-
tember 10 and October 4, 1918, or 4.2 per day. The largest
number deposited in a single day by an individual was 14, each
female on one occasion reaching this amount. During the
egg-laving period the beetles fed on rose mildew. The adult
female commences oviposition about ten days after emergence.

Out of a total of 74 eggs under observation during August
and September, 1918, all but two hatched. Field observations
also indicate that very few eggs of this species are infertile.

TABLE 1.
Incubation periods of 14 clusters of cyys during 1918;

Sacramento, Calif.

Number Date of Date of Incubation

(.Muster No. of Eggs Deposition Hatching Period (Days)

1 10 July 17 July 22 5

2 2 Aug. 25 Aug. 30

3 17 Aug. 29 Sept. 3

4 8 Aug. 30 Sept. 4 .

5 6 Aug. 31 Sept. 5

6 2 Sept. 18 Sept. 27 9

7 4 Sept. 18 Sept. 26 8

8 Sept 19 Sept. 28 9

9 9 Sept. 20 Sept. 28 8
1(1 5 Sept. 20 Sept. 29 9

11 3 Sept. 21 Sept. 29 8

12 13 Sept. 21 Oct. 1 10

13 18 Sept. 25 Oct. 2

14 3 Sept. 26 Oct. 3

From Table 1, it is seen that the minimum incubation period
at the warmest part of the year is about 5 days and that in
the second half of September around the autumnal equinox
it is increased to about 8J/2 days.

In the field the eggs are always placed close by a fungus
infestation so that newly hatched larvae find a food supply
at hand. All through their larval existence the insects under
ol»cr\ ation fed on the fungi ; when the mycelial filaments were
thick the insects cut semicircular swaths through them. M>me-
what reminiscent of the manner of feeding of certain lepidop-
terous and saw-fly larvae on leaves.

86

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[xxxii, '21

TABLE II.

Larval and pupal instars of twenty-one individuals, 1918,
Sacramento, Calif.

DATE LARVA

Date
Adult

Larval and
Pupal Stages

Hatched

Molt i

Molt 2 Molt 3

Tailed

Pupated

Emerged

(Days)

July

15

July 20

Julv21 July22

July 25

July 26

July 30

15

(11-1- 4)

( <

15

" 20

"'21 " 22

t t

25

t t

26

" 30

15

(11-1- 4)

< t

15

< t

25

i t

26

" 30

15

(11-1- 4)

t <

15

< t

25

t (

28

Aug. 1

17

(13-1- 4)

Aug

30

Sep. 4

Sep. 10 Sep. 16

Sep

20

Sep

22

Sep. 29

30

(23-1- 7)

t i

30

4

" 10

16

t i

22

I t

25

" 30

31

(25-1- 5)

Sep.

4

" 12

14

1 1

21

t t

23

" 30

26

(19-1- 7)

4 I

4

" 12

14

1 1

21

i t

24

Oct. 1

27

(20-1- 7)

( i

5

" 8

16

i t

20

t (

22

1

26

(17-1- 9)

( t

16

27

t <

30

Oct.

2

" 10

24

(16-1- 8)

( i

16

27

Oct.

1

t i

2

" 10

24

(16-1- 8)

t (

19

" 21

" 25

28

i t

1

« (

2

" 10

21

(13-1- 8)

t t

24

" 28

O

ct. 4

< t

9

t <

14

" 25

31

(20-1-11)

( i

27

6

t i

10

t 1

13

" 26

29

(16-1-13)

t i

27

6

i (

10

i t

14

" 26

29

(17-1-12)

( (

29

Oct. 7

10

t i

16

t i

18

" 29

30

(19-1-11)

( t

29

' 7

10

t 4

16

t t

19

" 29

30

(20-1-10)

( (

29

' 7

10

< 1

16

t t

19

" 30

31

(20-1-11)

Oct.

3

Oct. 8

1 12

17

< t

23

t <

20

Nov. 9

37

(23-1-14)

t i

3

" 8

' 12

17

i (

24

t (

26

" 10

38

(23-1-15)

< (

3

" 8

• 12

17

t t

26

< i

29

" 14

42

(26-1-16)

I 'revious to the final ecdysis the larva casts three skins ;
the average length in days for the four larval instars was
found to he respectively 4.6, 3.7, 4, 7.1 (8 individuals), but
the average for the last instar included 2.1 days from the
time the larva tailed (attached itself for pupation) until the
molt to the pupa actually took place.

The increase in the duration of the larval and pupal stages
synchronized in general with the gradual lowering of tempera-
ture. Thus in October the larval stage was over twice as long
and the pupil stage four times as long as the corresponding
stages in July.

The cycle from egg deposition to adult emergence is passed
in July in about 20 days, towards the end of September in
about 33 days, a month later in about 50 days. Allowing an
additional ten days to cover the period from emergence of the
beetle to oviposition, it is found that the life cycle in mid-
summer is passed in a month. It appears doubtful if there
are ever more than five generations in a year. All the experi-
mental larvae recorded above were supplied only with rose

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

mildew for food. In no instance was cannibalism displayed by
either adults or larvae.

Experiments with Animal food.

Since this coccinellid has been reported as feeding on cer-
tain animal forms (red spiders, aphids, scales) the writer
made- a series of experiments to determine whether larvae
under laboratory conditions would thrive on such food.

Experiment A.

Two Psyllobora larvae hatched July 19. Until the 23rd they were
fed on mildew ; on that date and up to the 28th they were offered walnut
aphids (Chromaphis juglandicola Kaltenbach). On the 25th, two aphids
appeared attacked hut otherwise no aphids were injured. July 28th
both larvae were alive, having molted on the 25th, and another species
of aphidid (Macrosiphum sp.) was substituted for the walnut aphid.
July 29 one of the Psyllobora died, having exhibited no visible increase
in bulk since the 23rd ; the other was alive and was offered Macro-
siphum rosac Linne. The following day the surviving beetle larva not
having attacked the aphids was returned to a mildew diet, but it died
August 3 without having shown visible increase in bulk since July 23.
Contemporaneous beetle larvae were completing their cycle in 11 days.

Experiment B.

Five larvae hatched September 5 ; at once two were offered rose
mildew, and 3 provided with Aphis gossypii Glover (instars ii-v). Two
days later one of the latter group died and the following day both the
survivors died ; no aphids had been attacked, nor did the larvae show
visible growth. Both the larvae fed on mildew cast the third molt
September 16; one of these was cast out, but the other pupated on the
22nd, the imago subsequently emerging October 1. This beetle was
offered walnut aphids from October 2 to 8, but refused them.

Experiment C.

Kight larvae hatched September 16; all were fed on mildew until the
20th, when two were offered red spiders (Tetranychus sp.). These two
larvae died on the 26th without having visibly grown, and having been
daily offered Tctranychus. September 21 three other larvae were
offered young black scales (Saissctia oleae). On the 23rd one was
returned to a mildew diet and subsequently pupated October 2. Sep-
tember 25 the two remaining not having exhibited any visible growth
and not having attacked any scales were offered Aphis gossypii. They
refused the aphids and died subsequently without exhibiting visible in-
crease in bulk. The three remaining larvae of the lot were fed on rose
mildew throughout the larval period and pupated October 2 to 4.

88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Experiment D.

Four larvae hatched on September 25 and were supplied with rose
mildew. On the 27th two of the larvae were offered Aspidiotus sp. from
Dracaena, the "armor" of the scales having been removed to enable the
Psylloborae to feed on the soft bodies of the scales. These two larvae
died respectively September 30 and October 1 without having attacked
any scales or visibly increased in size since September 27. The other
two were fed continuously on rose mildew and pupated October 14

and 17.

Experiment E.

Two larvae in the third instar were collected on a mildewed rose-
bush, September 27, transferred to a vial and offered Aspidiotus sp.,
the "armor" removed from the scales as in Experiment D. On October
2 one of them died, the other was alive and was offered rose mildew.
Neither larva showed visible increase in bulk and no scales had been
attacked. The survivor subsequently transformed normally.

Experiment F.

Seventeen larvae hatched September 3 and previous to the 6th were
fed rose mildew. On that day and thereafter two of the larvae were
offered aphids (Af. persicae). Both larvae died September 12. They
exhibited no visible increase in size since the 6th, and no aphids had
been attacked. The remaining larvae of the lot transformed normally

on a mildew diet.

Experiment G.

Three larvae in the third instar were collected on a mildewed rose-
bush August 27, transferred to a vial and offered red spiders (Tetra-
nychus). All died on the 30th, showing no visible increase in bulk since
the 27th, although one molted on the 29th. A fourth larva collected
with them, fed on mildew, pupated September 2.

From the foregoing experiments it appears that under lab-or-
atory conditions aphids, red spiders, black scale and "armored"
scales were refused by the larvae, the latter starving rather
than partake of such animal foods.

Some similar experiments with the adult beetles had a
similar result. In these aphids and red spiders were offered
and in no case were eaten. The adult beetles are capable of
prolonging their life without food for long periods not only
during their hibernation but also in the period of activity in
the spring and summer months.

The larvae of Psyllobora and Thca are said by Boving3 to

3 Boving, Adam. A Generic Synopsis of the Coccinellid Larvae in
the United States National Museum, with a Description of the Larva
of Hyperaspis binotata Say. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51. Jan. 15,
1917.

XXXU, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89

be the only coccinellid larvae observed by him to have the
mandibles produced at the apex into rive teeth. The retinacu-
lum of the mandibles (in I's\llobora) is also produced into
five teeth. Is it possible that this is an adaptation to assist
the larvae to grasp the tissues of the fungus host, the simple
type of mandible sufficing for those species which grasp their
animal prey? The phytophagous Epilachna larvae have no
distinguishable retinaculum (Boving) but have the mandibular
apex produced into several teeth.

A New Species of Melitaea from Montana
(Lepid., Rhop.).

By HENRY SKINNER.

Melitaea glacialis n. sp.

9 • Palpi ferruginous, annulated black and white above, ferruginous
below. Thorax and abdomen above black. Pectus below with long
white hairs ; legs ferruginous.

Primaries above: Base black; in the cell are four spots, the inner
one white, small, linear and V-shaped ; next one is quadrate and fer-
ruginous, then a small white one, and an outer ferruginous spot.
Beyond the cell are three small white dots, and beyond these a medial
line of white spots, extending across the wing. Crossing the wing is a
ferruginous fascia, 5 mm. wide. Secondaries above : The markings are
quite similar to those of the primaries.

Underside with the markings nearly repeated. The secondaries
below have the ferruginous fascia, a medial yellow fascia, a ferru-
ginous inner half, with four yellow spots, two near the centre and one
near the costa, the latter divided by the nervures into three parts.
Expanse (one wing) 24 mm.

One specimen, taken at Two Medicine Lake, < ilacier National
Park, Montana, July 15, 1920, by Miss Annette' F. I'.raun, to
whom 1 am greatly indebted for permission to study the in-
teresting butterflies she captured in the Park. 7'y/v in the col-
lection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

This is a remarkable insect and the wide ferruginous tascia
above and below distinguishes it from any species in the genus.
In Melitaea one always thinks of aberrations, but if this >peci-
men is an aberration I am at a loss to know the species at
present. Perhaps when we kno\v more of the butterfly launa
of the locality we can solve the problem.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1921.

The Influence of Insects on Human History.

The United States Department of Agriculture has recently
issued Department Circular 163 (from the Bureau of Ento-
mology), entitled Dispersion of the Boll Weevil in 1920, by B.
R. Coad and R. W. Moreland. It states, among other things :

The outstanding feature of the weevil movement during 1920 has
been its retardation in the eastern portion of the cotton belt. For many
years the most important movements took place east of the Mississippi
River, but during 1920 there was comparatively little gain in that sec-
tion. By far the most significant change is the dispersion in Okla-
homa and Texas by which a large territory infested a number of years
ago, but uninfested for the past five or six years, has been regained
by the weevil.

A table shows the areas gained by the weevil in 1920 to have
been 7749 square miles in Texas, 19,695 in Oklahoma, 4567
in Arkansas, 869 in Tennessee, 1603 in Georgia, 3266 in South
Carolina, 4120 in North Carolina, a total of 41,869 square
miles. As there are no losses to offset this, it appears that the
total area in the United States infested by the weevil in 1920
was 534,109 square miles, compared with 492,240 square miles
in 1919.

The subject of the influence of insects upon human civiliza-
tion has never been adequately treated. We hope that some
day some one of insight and of genius will follow this influence
into all its ramifications, showing how the boll-weevil, the
disease-carrying mosquitoes, the grasshopper and the locust,
the insects destroying cereals and forest trees have had their
part in the downfall of states and of empires — all from the
standpoint, not of the entomologist, but of the historian of
man. When this is done we shall have some ground for ex-
pecting that the value and importance of Entomology will be
appreciated justly.

90

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. RKliX.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), includm:; Arachnida and
Jklyriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of inserts,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review <it AppM'-d En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

6 — Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 8 — The En-
tomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Entomologi.-t.
London. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London.
13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Clarrniont, Cal. 14-
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of I^ondon. 15 — Insecutor
Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 25 — Bulk-tiino della So
cieta Entomologica Italiana, Eircn/e. 29 — Annual Report of tin-
Entomological Society df Ontario, Toronto, Canada. 42 — Enlo-
mologiske Meddelelser udgivne af Entomologisk Forening, Kjoben-
havn. 43 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Co-
lumbia, Victoria, B. C. 50 — Proceedings of the L'nited Slates Na-
tional Museum, Washington. 81 — The Journal of Parasitology, l"r-
bana, Illinois. 85 — The Journal 01 Experimental /oology, Phila-
delphia. 101 — Journal of the Liniuan Society of London. Ill—
Arcliiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 114 Entomologische Rund-
schau, Stuttgart.

GENERAL. Crampton, G. C. — Remarks on the ancestry of in-
sects and their allies. 29, I'.H'.i, 105-110. Gibson & Griddle.— The
entomological record, 1 '.)!'.). 29, I'Jl'.t, 112-34. Lochhead, W. — Hop-
kins' bioclimatic law. 29, litl'.i, 43-H. Rainbow, W. J.— Obituary n >-
tice. (Records of Australian Mus., xiii, 87.) Rowland-Brown, H.—
The entomological society of London. An announcement and an
appeal. 9, 11)21, 1-3.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, etc. Bodine, J. H.--E:ictors in-
fluencing the water content and the rate of metabolism of certain
orthoptera. 85, xxxii, 137-64. Hogben, L. T. - -( >n certain nuclear
phenomena in the oocytes of the gallfly Neur.itcrus. 101, xxxiv,
327-333. Jordan, K. — A link between the double and single recep-
tacula seminis of Siphonaptera. ( Ectoparasites, i, I27-30. ) Lenz,
F. — Die metamorphose dcr Cylindrotorriiden. Ill, I'.M'.I, A, <i, n;j-

92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

•Hi. Metz & Nonidez. — Spermatogenesis in the fly, Asilus sericeus.
85, xxxii, 165-85.

ARACHNIDA, &c. Deichmann, E. — Oversigt over de danske

I ! « ridier samt over Slaegten Dictyna. 42, xiv, 231-5(5. Emerton,

J. H. — The spiders of Canada (Canadian Field Nat., xxxiv, 106-S.)

Hirst, S. — On three new parasitic mites (Leptus, Schongastia and
Demodex.) 11, vii, 37-9.

ORTHOPTERA. Buckell, E. R.— Life history notes on some
species of Acrididae found in Br. Columbia. 29, 1919, 53-01. Bru-
ner, L. — Saltatorial O. from South America and the Isle of Pines.
(An. Carnegie Mus., xiii, 5-91.) Davis, W. T. — Book reviews:
Orthoptera of northeastern America, by W. S. Blatchley. Manual
of the Orthoptera of New England, by A. P. Morse. 6, xxviii, 239-41.

HEMIPTERA. Downes, W. — The tree-hoppers of Br. Colum-
bia. 43, No. 14, 17-19. Jensen-Haarup, A. C. — Hemipterological
notes and descriptions, I. 42, xiv, 2<K>-224. Moore, G. A. — Our com-
mon Cercopidae. 29, 1919, 21-5. Woodruff, L. B. — Further notes
on the membracid genus Ophiderma. 6, xxviii, 212-14.

LEPIDOPTERA. Bell, E. L.— Winter collecting notes on Flor-
ida Rhopalocera. 6, xxviii, 235-37. Blackmore, E. H. — The Lycae-
ninae of British Columbia. 43, No. 14, 5-11. Bryk, F. — Bibliotheca
sphragidologica. Ill, 1919, A, 5, 102-83. Cockle, J. W.— A swarm
of Vanessa californica and some notes on a swarm of Plusia cali-
I'nrnica. 43, No. 14, 20-1. Day, G. O. — Notes on Oporinia antnm-
nata. 43, No. 14, 16. Fassl, A. H. — Zwei neue Castnien aus Bra-
silien. 114, xxxviii, 1-2. Hallinan, T. — General notes on the L. "i
the Canal Zone, Isthmus of Panama. 6, xxviii, 238-9. Klugi, A. B.
-A doped butterfly. (Can. Field Nat., xxxiv, 119.) Rober, J.—
Ueber bekannte und neue schmetterlinge. 114, xxxviii, 4-5. Reuss,
A. — Urania croesus. 114, xxxviii, 2-3. Strand, E. — Lepidopterorum
catalogus. Pars 24: Arctiidae: subf. Nolinae.

Dyar, H. G. — New American Noctuidae and notes. 15, ix, 40-5.
Forbes, W. T. M. — Notes on the Crambinae. 6, xxviii, 214-27.
Watson, F. E. — Miscellaneous notes and records of local L. with
the description of a new form. 6, xxviii, 227-35.

DIPTERA. Bonne-Wepster & Bonne.— Notes on So. Amer.
mosquitoes in the British Museum. 15, ix, 1-26. Dyar, H. G.—
Comment on the preceding paper. [Notes on So. Amer. mosqui-
toes in the Br. Museum, by Bonne-Weps1,cr & Bonne.] 15, ix, 26-
31. The male of Psorophora coffini. The swarming of Culex quin-
quefasciatus. Ring-legged Culex in Texas. Three new mosquitoes
from Costa Rica. 15, ix, 31-36. Herms & Freeborn. — The egg lay-

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93

ing habits of Californian Anophelines. 81, vii, f>9-79. Jordan &
Rothschild. — New genera and species of hat-fleas. On Ceratophyl-
lus fasciatus and some allied Indian species of fl -as. i I- < top; ra: ;
i, 142-62; 178-98.) Klugi, A. B. — A unique entomological experi-
ence. (Can. Field Nat., xxxiv. 120.) Sherman, R. S. --Notes on the
M ycetophilidae of Br. Columhia. 43, No. 14, i:.'-15.

Alexander, C. P. — New species of craneflies from the 1T. S. and
Canada. 13, xii, 85-02. Dyar, H. G. — Notes on the No. Amer. spe-
cies of Choeroporpa. 15, ix, 37-9. Dyar & Ludlow. — Two new
American mosquitoes. 15, ix, 4fi-50.

COLEOPTERA. Champion, G. C.— Heimtu-us germnnicus and
H. serratus. — synonymical note, etc. 8, J9:21, 12. Sampson, W.—
Further notes on Platyopidae and Scolytiidae collected by ' i. !•'..
I'ryant and others. 11, vii, 25-37. Steinke, G. — Die stigmen der
kaeferlarven. Ill, 1019, A, 7, 1-58. Verhoeff, K. W.- Studien ueber
die organisation und biologic der Staphylinoidea. IV. Zur kenntnis
der staphyliniden-larven. Ill, 1910, A, 6, 1-111.

Barber & Ellis. — The beetles of the family Cupcdidae of Amer-
ica north of Mexico. 6, xxviii, 197-208. Dawson, R. W. — New spe
cies of Serica (Scarabaeidac). III. 6, xxviii, 20S-12.

HYMENOPTERA. Altson, A. M.— The life-history and habits
of two parasites of blow-flies. 14, 1920, 195-244. Chawner, E. F.—
The egg-laying of sawflies. 8, 1921, 19. Crawley, W. C. — New and
little-known sps. of ants from various localities. 11, vii. 87-97.
Emery, C. — Studi sui Camponotus. 25, Hi, 1-49. Stumper, R.—
Ueber einige anomalicn des ameisenlebens. Ill, 1910, A, 5, 184-91.

Cushman, R. A. — The N. Amer. ichneumon-flies of the trib^
Ephialtini. 50, Iviii. 327-62. Muesebeck, C. F. W.— A revision of
the N. Amer. sps. of ichneumon flies belonging to the genus Apan-
telcs. 50, Iviii, 483-576.

ETUDES HE LEPIDOPTEROLOGIE COMPAREE. By Charles Oberthiir. Fas-
cicule XVII, Rennes, France, November, 1920. — We are again called
upon to notice this monumental work. Mr. Oberthiir has continued to
place American Lepidopterists under great obligations by figuring many
of the types of Dr. Boisduval, Boisduval and Leconte and A. fun-nee.
Thirty-nine species of North American moths and three butterflies are
accurately figured in color. The butterflies figured are 'I'hcchi arsace,
hyficrici and Lycacnn pseudargiolus. There has previously been nri. 1
doubt as to what these names represented. There are 57.^ paves ,,''
text, 27 colored plates, with many figures, and 27 photographic illustra
linns. Harold Powell contributes interesting and valuable articles on

94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

the life history of Lycaena alcon and L. euphctnus. M. Oberthiir treats
of the variation of certain palaearctic species of Lepidoptera. Antho-
charis bcllczia Bd. and cramcri Butler : bclia Cramer, by Gedeon
Foulquier. A notice of the Andrae Avinoff collection, by C. Oberthitr
and A. Avinoff. Revision of the Aegeriidae of Barbary, by Le Cerf.
-H. S.

THE HESPERIOIDEA OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO. By ARTHUR
WARD LINPSEY. University of Iowa Studies, Vol. IX, No. 2. Received
January llth, 1921. — One hundred and ten pages, bibliography and two
plates. The author makes a superfamily of these butterflies, divided
into two families, Hesperiidae and Megathymidae, the former with
three subfamilies, Pyrrhopyginae, Hesperiinae and Pamphilinae, and
the latter further divided into four groups. A new genus of
Pyrrhopyginae is proposed, with Erycidcs ara.vcs Hew. as the type.
Descriptions and tables for the separation of the families are given,
and tables for the separation of the species. The synonymy and dis-
tribution are recorded. Useful cuts showing the neuration. antennae
and palpi are given for most of the genera. This is a valuable addition
to the literature of the subject and will be very useful to the students
of this very interesting group of butterflies. — H. S.

Doings of Societies.

The Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia.

Meeting of March 25, 1920, Dr. Henry Skinner presiding. R. T.
Weber, of Melrose Highlands, Mass., visitor.

Mr. Rehn spoke about the tendencies of some authors to make single
types for their species, but do not carry out the same in the proper
spirit. He emphasized the importance of a proper understanding of
the terms type, cotype, and paratype, and that we all should insist on
the correct use of these terms.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn exhibited specimens of the four species of
the Tettigoniid genus Rchnia, also discussed their relationship to one
another and to the genus Neobarrcttia, which was also on exhibition.
The distribution of the species was graphically illustrated. Remarks
were made by Messrs. Hebard and Hornig.

DIPTERA. — Mr. Hornig exhibited living larvae of Aedcs currici three
days old. He spoke about the habits of this species and the methods of
control. His experience revealed that oil spraying has little or no
effect on their eggs. Acdes canadcnsis is now about six days old.
Mr. Weber gave an interesting account of his work with Dr. Aldrich,
of the National Museum, on the dipterous genera Hxorista and Phoro-
cera. He also spoke about his work in the study of the parasites of
the gipsy moth, and other lepidopterous larvae, as well as about the

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95

work done by these parasites. Remarks and discussions by Messrs.
Hebard, Cresson, Skinner and Hornig followed, especially dwelling on
the general ineffectiveness of quarantine for the control of insect pests.

Meeting of May 27, 1920, with Director Philip Laurent presiding.
Mr. David E. Harrower was elected a member.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Coxey exhibited a specimen of Papilio laglaizci
Dep. from New Guinea, which strongly mimics a moth of the genus
Nyctalcmon. Dr. Skinner made some remarks on the synonymy and
distribution in the Hesperidae. He spoke about the difficulty he ex-
perienced in trying to establish some of the old species on account of
their inadequate descriptions and the uncertainty of determined mate-
rial. He emphasized that care should be exercised in taking for granted
the determinations of others.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn spoke about his recent studies in the groups
allied to the genus Trimerotropis.

Meeting of September 23, 1920. Vice-Director R. C. Williams presid-
ing. Dr. Charles T. Ramsden, of Guantanamo, Cuba, a visitor.

Dr. Skinner gave a short account of his summer trip to the Sierra
La Sal mountains of Utah. He mentioned some of the insects collected,
especially the Lepidoptera, but found the country dry and insect life
scarce. Discussion and remarks by Messrs. Hebard and Williams. Mr.
Cresson exhibited a recently acquired book, Smgulorum Genera Curcu-
lionidum, by Labrum & Imhoff. This work was originally issued in
nineteen fascicles, appearing from 1828 to 1845, and contains descrip-
tions and figures of some new species. In the general arrangement in
which this work was bound, and quoted in the literature, the actual
dates- of publication were not secured. Mr. Rehn mentioned other
works of which the dates of issue were difficult or impossible to obtain.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Dr. Ramsden made some interesting remarks on his
experiences in collecting at light in Cuba. He found that certain kinds
of light were better than others, which, he thinks, is due more to the
color or quality than to the strength. He spoke of the curious habits
of some moths at light, especially at certain periods of the night. He
said that sometimes one could pick the specimens by hand much better
than catching by net. Discussion by Messrs. Hebard, Hornig and
others, especially on collecting Sphingidae. Mr. Lorup exhibited two
specimens of Prionoxystus robiniae and Linicnitis artlicmis. The latter.
he said, was found dead last Labor Day at Folcroft, Delaware County,
Pennsylvania.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Hebard spoke on the predaceons h.ihits of the
roimnon house cricket, especially in tin- tropics; th;U strenuous mi
had to In- employed in order to preserve the dav's r.urh o n>m

cannibals. The generally effective ring of napthalcnc

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

around the kill on the table, where it was spread preparatory to pack-
ing-, was disregarded by these pests, so one had to be constantly on
the watch that specimens were not carried off.

DIPTERA. — Mr. Hornig spoke about the noticeable absence of mos-
quitoes this season, especially during the early part, and thought it
was due to the long cool winter and spring. He also stated that ha
has secured live larvae by putting the dirt from the holes and crotches
of trees, in water. He believes that the egg-masses may be able to
over-winter, or, at least, lie dormant for some time in such situations.

ODONATA. — Dr. Calvert gave an interesting communication, illus-
trated by drawings, on the methods by which the males of certain
dragon flies (Epigomphus) grasp the females during copulation. He
showed the presence of especially developed processes and impres-
sions on the heads of the females which, he considered, were for the
accommodation of the male claspers.*

Meeting of November 18, 1920. Director Philip Laurent presiding.

ORTHOPTERA. — -Mr. Rehn exhibited the exotic collections of Der-
maptera belonging to the Academy and Mr. Hebard, contained in six
large boxes. He made mention of the other large comparative collec-
tions, especially those of Burr, Dohrn and the Paris Museum, stating
that the present combined collection is the largest as regards the
number of representative species, and possesses many rare ones. He
called attention to several of the species as having peculiar habits,
among which is that found, and supposed to be parasitic, on a kind of
rat occurring in Africa. Another species is found in a pouch of a
hairless bat of the East Indies. The speaker also drew attention to
the various forms of the forceps and to their probable functions. Mr.
Hebard augmented Mr. Rehn's remarks by giving an account of their
experiences in collecting members of this order in South America the
past summer. He dwelt on the scarcity of these insects, and said
that most of the places in which they are found, under bark, in the
dead leaves and wood soil, are probably their day-time resting and
hiding places and not their normal habitat, but being nocturnal, prob-
ably spend their normal active life in other ways. He stated also
that the collection exhibited contains twenty species not represented
in any other.

LEPIDOPTERA.- — Mr. Laurent made some remarks regarding a habit
of Scoparia basalts, a small moth belonging to the Pyralidae. When
disturbed from its resting place, which is generally a rough-barked
tree, instead of flying off to any great distance, would fly to about
four feet, immediately turn and come back to the tree again.

DIPTERA. — Mr. Hornig said that he has been trying to rear some
Cutercbra larvae, but the present indications are not encouraging.—
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

* Cf. Transactions, Amer. Ent. Soc. xlvi, pp. 323-354.

COLEOPTERA

I wish to buy original collections of exotic Phytophaga,
unmounted preferred.

Fred C. Bowrtitch, 1C»4 Rawson Road, Brookline 46^ Mass.

Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.

Excellent Material. Great Variety.

Apply for particulars and prices.

B. A. DUMMER, CAKE JINJA POST OFFICE, UGANDA

In Stock

Morpho menelaus, per 100, 1st qual., $110.00, 2nd qua!., $ 78 00

rhetener, 200.00, 100.00

adonis 56.00

Ornithoptera hecuba, males 65.00, 45.00

Urania ripheus, $90. per 100; Lycaena exelis, $6.00 ; European Lye., $5.00; and beautiful
African Lycaena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable for Jew-
elry, Trays and Decorative Purposes, good quality, $17.50 per 100. Over 50,000 Butter-
flies i ow in stock. Prices Net. American Currency. Terms Cash or C. O. D.

G. G. MacBEAN (Dealer), Assiniboia, Sask., Canada

The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine — A journal devoted to
general Entomology, started in 1864, and now edited by G. C. Cham-'
pion, T. E. Collin, W. W. Fowler, R. W. Lloyd, G. T. Porritt and
J. J. Walker.

It contains descriptions of new genera and species in all orders
(Uritish and foreign), life histories, reviews of new works, etc.
Volume LV1 (VI of the second series) was commenced in Janu-
ary, J')2G. The subscription for the 1:2 numbers is 15 shillings per
annum, post free, to be sent to R. W. Lloyd,"!, 5, Albany, I'i'
dilly, London, W., England. For terms for advertisements apply
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200 Orthoptera

From Assam, India:
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APRIL, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII No. 4

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1807-1865

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APR "2 1921

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXII.

Plate II.

II

PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF VENATION OF FORE WINGS. -CRAMPTON.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXII

APRIL, 1«.121

No. 4

CONTKXTS

Crampton — A Phylogenetic Study of
the Venation of the Fore Wings of
the Hornoptera, Thvsanoptera,
IVocida. 7-oraptera. Nf uroptera,
Kmbiida, Plecoptera and Hadento-
moida— with notes on tlie Hymen-
optera and Coleoptera 97

Hill— A New Noctuid from California
( Lep. , Noctuidae) 105

Malloch — A Synopsis of the Genera of
the Anthomyiid Subfamily Coeno-
siinae ( Diptera ) 106

Weiss and Dickerson — Gargara genis-
tae Fabr.,a F,nropean Membracid
in New Jersey ( Homop. ) 108

Stone— Butterflies of the Chiricahua

Mountains, Arizona ( Lep., Rhop.) 112

The Maggot of the Guava in Costa

Rica (Dipt.. Trypetidae) Ji.s

Braun — Some Factors in the Classifica-
tion of the Microlepidoptera 116

Editorial — Thomas Rellerhy Wilson. .. 119

Malloch — A Nomenclatorial Tangle in
Anthomviidae (Diptera) 120

Haber and Mabee— Cicadas Makt- Fi-
nal Moult I'pon Leaves of Trees
( Homop. ) 121

Entomological Literature 121

Review of Brues' Insects and Human

Welfare 125

Review of Leng's Catalogue of the Co-
leoptera of America, North of Mex. 126

Notice of Britton's Check List of the

Insects of Connecticut 127

Notice of Holland's Lepidoptera of the
Congo 1 27

Doings of Societies — Entomological
Workers in Ohio Institutions 128

A Phylogenetic Study of the Venation of the Fore

Wings of the Homoptera, Thysanoptera, Psocida,

Zoraptera, Neuroptera, Embiida, Plecoptera

and Hadentomoida — with notes on the

Hymenoptera and Coleoptera.

By G. C. CRAMPTOX. Ph.D., Massachusetts Agricultural
College, Aniherst, Mass.

(Plate II)

Through the kindness of Mr. A. N. Caudell, 1 have been
able to make a study of the venation of the wings of Zorotypus
SH \dcri, which is of a much more primitive type than the
venation of the wings of Zorotypus hnbbivdi (the only alate
Zoraptcron thus far figured) and is, there lore, much better
for the purpose of determining the interpretation of the
homologic-s of the X.oraptcron \rnation, or for indicating the
origin and affinities of the Zoraptera, which are among the
most important forms connecting the higher with the lower
tvpes of insects. In addition to pointing out the probable
homologies of the venation of the wings of the Zoraptera, I
would present the evidence of the venation of these and allied

97

98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

forms in support of the view that the Homoptera and Thysan-
optera were descended from ancestors resembling the Psocida,
and that the common ancestors of all of these forms were
closely allied to the Zoraptera, which in turn lead back to
ancestors resembling the Embiida (with their allies the Ple-
coptera) and ultimately to forms not unlike the fossil Haden-
tomoida, Haplopteroida, and other related insects derived from
the Palaeodictyoptera.

Before taking up the subject of the evolution of the Zorap-
teron type of wing, I would call attention to the fact that
there are two ancient tendencies traceable in the development
of the wing veins, the one tending toward an oUgoncnrous type
of wing with comparatively few cross veins and few branches
of the main longitudinal veins, while the other tends toward
a polyneurous type of venation with more numerous cross
veins, more branches of the longitudinal veins and other fea-
tures. These two tendencies apparently originated at an early
date — possibly at the very beginning of the evolution of winged
insects — and continuing even into the more highly modified
orders, they affect the venation of these forms in varying
degrees. A great development (in the hind wing) of what
Handlirsch, 1906, terms the anal fan, or the feeble develop-
ment of the anal region of the wing, the presence of numerous
cross veins in the costal region of the wing, or the tendency
to develop but few of the cross veins in this region, and the
branching, or the non-branching of the subcosta, are some of
the features which apparently developed at an early stage of
the evolution of winged insects — possibly manifesting them-
selves to some extent at the very beginning of the develop-
ment of the Pterygota — and it is necessary to trace such of
these tendencies as are carried over into the insects related
to the Zoraptera, from their .earliest inception, if the lines of
development of these forum are to be represented with any
degree of cotrpletene iii a d'a :ram of the phylogonetic tree of
Pterygotan insects. For the purpose of the present paper,
however, it will be sufficient to begin the evolutionary series
with those forms arising directly from the Palaeodictyopteron
stock, such as the Hadentomoida, Haplopteroida, etc.. \vhich
gave rise to the types ancestral to the Zoraptera and their
allies.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99

The Dermaptera, Embiida, Plecoptera, Haplopteroida,
Hadentomoida, etc., have been grouped into a superorder
called the Panplecoptera and, with the exception of some of
the Plecoptera and the Dermaptera, the member? of this order
have not inherited much of the tendency toward the great de-
velopment of the anal fan, which has passed into most of the
Orthopteroid insects and those related to the Isoptera, although
the Isoptera themselves were but slightly touched by it (only
such primitive Isoptera as Mastotcrmcs have a pronounced
anal fan), and their allies, the Zoraptera, escaped it wholly.
The Embiid members of the superorder Panplecoptera, lack
the anal fan, and exhibit certain oligoneurous tendencies in-
dicative of a close approach to the Zorapteron type, so that
these insects, rather than the Plecoptera (which are in other
respects much nearer the type ancestral to the Zoraptera),
furnish the best intermediate stages in tracing the wings of
the Zoraptera to the point of origin in the Palaeodictyopteroid
types, from which the Embiids, Plecoptera, Haplopteroida,
Hadentomoida, and allied ancestral forms, were derived.

The Haplopteroid type of wing is very like that of certain
Plecoptera (although certain other Plecoptera are more like
some of the Palaeodictyoptera) , while the Hadentomoid type!
of wing, such as that shown in Plate II, Fig. 11, more nearly
represents the first stages in the origin of the Embiid types
(such as that shown in Eig. 9) from the Palaeodictyopteroid
ancestral stock. Thus, the anal vein A is quite similar in Figs.
11 and 9. and the character of the cros? veins between
Cu\ and Cn2 in Eig. 11, is very suggestive of that occurring
in the Embiid shown in Fig. 9. Vein M has only two branches
in Fig. 11. while the reduction is carried still further in Fig.
9, in which M is unbranched, and this tendency for M to
remain unbranched is carried over into the Zoraptera (Fig. 5)
also. In both insects shown in Figs. 11 and 9, R4 and R5
are distinct, while R2 and R3 have apparently united to form
R2+3, although I am not certain of the latter point in Fig.
11. Some of the cross veins arc -till retained in Fig. 9, but
in the other Embiid shown in Fig. 7 most of them have In-
come lost, and certain of the Ion-it udinal veins have become

100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

very faint, although one is still able to trace their course in
the wing.

In comparing the Embiid shown in Fig. 7 with the Zorap-
teron shown in Fig. 5, the following points of resemblance
may be noted. The cross veins between Cnl and Cu2 have
been lost (although some of them were still retained in the
Embiid shown in Fig. 9), and the vein M is apparently un-
branched. The cross vein m-cu of Fig. 5 is not present in
Fig. 7, but its homologue occurs in the Embiid shown in Fig.
9. Vein Rs has only two branches in Fig. 7, while the reduc-
tion is carried still further in- Fig. 5, in which Rs is unbranched ;
and in both insects, there is a tendency for Rs (or its branch
R2+3) to approach Rl. Vein Sc has begun to fade out in
Fig. 7, and it is not visible in Fig. 5, although it may have
united with radius or costa in the latter insect. In Fig. 7
there is exhibited a tendency for the veins Rs and M to extend
parallel to each other down the central portion of the wing,
and this tendency reappears in the insects shown in Figs. 2
and 1.

The Zorapteron type of wing (Fig. 5) approaches the Psocid
type shown in Fig. 8, and it is also suggestive of other more
highly modified types such as those shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
On the other hand, the Psocid type of wing (Fig. 8) is also
approached by that of certain Neuroptera (Fig. 10), which
apparently originated from a type very like that of the Plecop-
teron shown in Fig. 1.2. Thus, the two branched condition of
M and of Rs occurs in all three insects shown in Figs. 12,
10 and 8; and the character of the anals is quite similar in the
three insects under consideration. From these and other fea-
tures of resemblance, it is evident that collateral branches may
preserve certain structures in an intermediate condition much
better than is done by the more direct lines of descent, as far
as these particular features are concerned, and on this account
it is frequently almost as instructive to study the collateral
lines as the more direct ones, if one wishes to trace the evo-
lution of all of the features of an insect's body, or all of the
modifications met with throughout an order of insects. Fur-
thermore, the evidence furnished by a study of the venation

xxxii. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL N'KXVS 101

• of the wings of the Zoraptera is suitable only for tracing the
development of the oligoneurous tendencies of the Homoptera
and other derived forms, while a study of the polyneurous
types of Neuroptera would be of more value for tracing the
origin of the tendency toward the development of polyneurous
types of venation in certain Homoptera. In the present paper,
how-ever, I have concerned myself only with the oligoneurous
tendencies, since it is better to discuss onlv one tendency at a
time, and the chief aim of this paper is to point out the posi-
tion of the Zoraptera, which are oligoneurous forms, in the
developmental scale of the higher insects.

The contour of the head capsule, the character of the
thoracic sclerites (especially the thoracic terga), the terminal
abdominal segments and certain of the internal organs, such
as the tightly coiled testes of the male, clearly indicate a very
close relationship between the Zoraptera and the Psocida. It
is, therefore, rather disappointing,* to find that the wings of
the Zoraptera do not resemble those of the Psocida which I
have -been able to examine more strikingly than they do—
although there is an undeniable resemblance between the wing
of the Zorapteron shown in Fig. 5 and that of the Psocid
shown in Fig. 8 in the character of the pterostigma (i. e. the
stippled area in the two figures) and the tendency for the
parts of the vein Rs to move toward Rl. The same resem-
blance is traceable in the Homopteron shown in Fig. 6, since
the vein Rs is unbranched in this insect, and approaches Rl
near the tip of the pterostigma, or stipple-! area, as in Fig. 5.

The Homopteron shown in Fig. 6 is strikingly similar to
the Psocid shown in Fig. 8 in the character of the anal veins,
the two-branched C'n and ,17. and in the development of a
pterostigma (stippled area) ; and the evidence of a close rela-
tionship between the Psyllids (Homoptera) and the Psocids
drawn from other sources fully continii of the wing

venation. I would therefore maintain that the Psyllid Homop-
tera and the Psocida are very closely n • iled, and were de-

* The resemblance of both fore and hind wind's of the P.M>rid .Irclii-
/'sucus text or to the wings of the Zoraptera is strikingly cl< >-,.•, ;t^ has
been pointed out in a paper to be published in the Canadian I:nti>-
mologist.

102 K.\ TOMOLOC.ICAL NK\VS |. \\.\ii, '21

scended from a common ancestry, which, from evidence drawn
from other sources, was apparently closely related to the
Zoraptera. In fact, the hind wing of one of the Aphid
Homoptera resembles the hind wing of a Zorapteron more
closely than any other insect I know of, and even in the fore
wings of the two groups (7. e., Aphids and Zoraptera) one can
find many points of resemblance, as one may see by com-
paring Fig. 5 with Fig. 4.

The character of the thoracic sclerites of certain Psocida
indicates a close relationship to the Thysanoptera, as is also
true of the terminal abdominal structures of both sexes, and
I have even found a Psocid in which the head has begun to
take on the elongate form characteristic of the Thysanoptera.
The wing venation furnishes a brilliant confirmation of the
view that the Thysanoptera and Psocida are extremely closely
related, since the wing of the Psocid shown in Fig. 2 is more
like that of the Thysanopteron shown in Fig. 1, than it is
like the wing of other Psocids such as the one shown in Fig. 8 ;
and the study of the Psocids furnishes us with a ready solu-
tion of the difficult problem of determining the origin and
closest affinities of that aberrant group, the Thysanoptera,
which has so long puzzled the students of insect phylogeny;
and the study of the venation of the wings' of the Psocidae
also furnishes the key to proper interpretation of the Thysan-
opteron venation, which is still a matter of dispute.

In both of the wings shown in Figs. 1 and 2, there are two
longitudinal veins extending almost parallel to each other down
the centre of the wing, while the only other veins present are
relegated to the small anal lobe at the base of the wing. The
veins of both wings are evidently completely homologous, and
by comparing the venation of the Psocid shown in Fig. 2 with
that of the Psocid shown in Fig. 8 it is a comparatively simple
matter to determine the homologies of the veins of Fig. 2, and
apply the interpretations thus determined, to the venation of
the wing shown in Fig. 1 . In the Psocid shown in Fig. 8, the
veins M+Cu, and M, if straightened out would assume the
position of the vein bearing the labels M+Cii and M in Fig. 2,
while the veins labeled R and Rs in Fig. 8, if straightened out,

XX.xii, '21] F,.XTO.MOI.nr,!CA!, NEWS 1 ( >3

•

would assume -the position of the vein bearing these labels in
Fig. 2. I would therefore maintain that the veins extending
almost parallel to each other down the center of the wing
shown in Fig. 2 represent the radius ( R } and the media plus
cubitus (M+Cn), and therefore the corresponding veins in
the Thysanopteron shown in Fig. 1 would also represent the
radius ( K ) and the media plus cubitus (M + Cu). The veins
labeled A in Figs. 1 and 2, evidently represent the anals, as
may be seen by comparing them with the anals (1st A and 2d
A} in Fig. 8.

In Fig. 3 is shown the venation of a primitive fossil Thy-
sanopteron, Palaeothrips fossilis, in which there extend from
the veins R and M+Cu four large vertical veins connecting
them with the margins of the wings. These vertical veins
correspond to the small veins which have been dotted in Fig. 1,
since they do not occur in the Thysanopteron there figured, al-
though they do occur in many other recent Thysanoptera. Judg-
ing from the size and greater importance of these vertical veins
in Fig. 3, I am inclined to regard them as modified branches of
the longitudinal veins, rather than as mere cross veins, although
in the recent Thysanoptera (Fig. 1) they have become greatly
reduced, and are of relatively slight importance. A compari-
son of Fig. 3 with Fig. 4 would indicate that the veins labeled
Rl and Sc in Fig. 3 may represent portions of R\ and Sc of
Fig. 4, which have become bent forward and have assumed
a vertical position. The interpretation of the veins labeled
Cul and Cit2 in Fig. 3, however, is more difficult. The vein
labeled M in Fig. 3 is clearly M, or a branch of it (i. e.,
Ml'^2) ; but the vein labeled Cu\ in Fig. 3 seems to
represent a branch of M (i. e., M3+4) instead of represent-
ing the vein indicated by the label it bears. In the Zorapteron
shown in Fig. 5, vein Citl has become detached from Cu2
through the partial fading out of the base of Cul (indicated by
the dotted line) and if this process were continued until only
the portion of Cul extending from the vein* labeled UI-CH to the

* It might he argued that the vein labeled in-cu in Fig. 5 represents
KI2+3 (and that the vein labeled M represents A/1 +2) ; but a glance
at the figure of the fore wing of Zorotypus hubbardi by Candrll, 1920,
will show that there is no connection between the veins labeled M and
Cul in Fig. 5 in Caudell's figure, and since M and C id are not >
nected, it is hardly possible that Cul should contain a branch of M.

104 ENTOMOLOGICAL XL\YS | \\xii, '21-

margin of the wing were retained, while this portion of Cnl and
vein m-cii became straightened out to form a vertical line, a
condition very like that exhibited by vein Cul of Fig. 3, would
be produced. Similarly, if vein Cn2 of Fig. 5 became more
vertical, it would assume the position of the vein labeled Cn2 in
Fig. 3. I would not insist on this interpretation of the venation
of Fig. 3, however, since the vein labeled Cu2 in Fig. 3, may
represent the entire cubitus (Cit) and the vein labeled Cul
may represent vein M3+4, while the vein labeled M, may
represent vein Ml+2, and the latter view seems to be the more
probable one.

As was mentioned above, the Zorapteron type of venation
(Fig. 5) approaches that of the Aphids (Fig. 4) ; and the
Homoptera, as well as the Zoraptera and Psocida, resemble
the Thysanoptera in many respects. Since these forms are all
very closely interrelated (judging from other structures than
the wing veins) the condition occurring in one type of wing
venation should throw some light upon that occurring in other
related forms. I would, therefore, suggest that the basal
portion of the vein labeled R, in Figures 3. 5 and 8, may
possibly represent Sc+R, rather than R alone, since, in the
type of venation shown in Fig. 4, the basal portion of the
vein in the corresponding region of the wing evidently repre-
sents Sc+R (with which M, Cu and A have also united)
rather than R alone.

(To be continued)

ABBREVIATIONS.

The abbreviations commonly employed in the Comstockian system
have been used for designating the veins in the text and in figures 1-12
as follows: Sc (Subcosta), R (Radius), M (Media), Cu (Cubitus)
and A (Anals). The numerals following the letters indicate tin-
branches of the veins in question, thus R\ denotes the first branch of
radius, etc. Rs denotes the radial sector, tii-cii denotes the medio-
cubital cross vein connecting media with cubitus. M + Cii denotes the
fusion product of media and cubitus. al is the alatenaculum, or lobe
for holding the fore wing above the hind wing when at rest.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
All figures are of the right fore wing alone.

Fig. 1 — Aclothrips nasturii (Thysanopteron), based on figure by Jon< x
1912. The dotted cross-veins do not occur in this species,
but are found in many other Thysanoptera.

XXxii. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105

Fig. 2 — Etnbidotroctes parado.vus (Psocid), based on figure by Ender-
lein, 1901.

Fig. 3 — -Palaeothrips foss-ilis (Thysanopteron), based on figure by Scud-
der, 1890.

Fig. 4 — Pemphigus venafuscus (Aphid), based on figure by Patch, 1909.
Fig. S- — Zorotypus snyderi (Zorapteron). The dotted portion of Cnl

had faded out of the right wing, but was preserved in the

left wing.

Fig. 6— (Psyllid).

Fig. 7 — Oligotoma saundersi (Embiid), based on figure by Wood-
Mason, 1883.

Fig. 8 — Hemicaccilius bogotanus (Psocid), based on figure by Ender-

lein, 1903.
Fig. 9 — Clothoda nobilis (Embiid), based on figure by Enderlein, 1912.

Fig. 10 — Sanidulis alcurodiformis (Coniopterygid Xeuropteron), after

Enderlein.
Fig. 11 — Hadentomum americanum (fossil Hadentomoid), after Hand-

lirsch, 1906.

Fig. 12 — Chloroperla cydippc (Plecopteron), after Comstock, 1918.

A New Noctuid from California (Lep., Noctuidae).

By CIIAS. A. 1 1 ILL, Los Angeles, California.

Litoprosopus coachella, sp. nov.

Head, palpi, collar, thorax and abdomen yellow ochre, antennae simple.

Primaries yellow ochre, ordinary spots obsolete. T. A. and T. P.
lines subobsolete, prominent only as a short dash from costal margin,
outcurved, both of a Van Dyke brown and being only faintly traceable
below subcostal vein. Apical area washed inwardly with a muddy
brown in cells only, leaving the venation in slight contrast.

Secondaries concolorous with primaries, with a line in cells parallel
to exterior line, both of a Van Dyke brown. In cubital cells approach-
ing outer margin are two small white ocelli-like spots with a ring of
black-brown scales, bringing same into sharp relief. Wings beneath
concolorous, faint yellow ochre. Alar expanse 34-36 mm.

J-fabitat: Palm Springs, Coachella Valley, Riverside County,
Southern California, June 13th (H. Place). Types: 1 $ and
19 in coll. Hill. Described from two specimens. Allied to
L. fiitilis in that the characteristic ocelli-like spots in second-
aries are present, but of a lighter color and with parallel lines
in secondaries. I am indebted to Dr. \Vm. 'Barnes', for calling
my attention to the fact that this moth has not been described
as being from the United States or Mexico, so 1 venture to
describe it as a new species.

In the near future this species, with a number of rarities,
taken by the author, in the same locality will be figured and an
account given of this fascinating desert region.

106 KNTO.MOLOCICA!, NKWS | XXxii, '21

A Synopsis of the Genera of the Anthomyiid Sub-
family Coenosiinae (Diptera).

By J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois.

The members of this subfamily very closely resemble those
of Phaoniinae, possessing in common with them the following
characters : scutellum bare below ; ventral surface of prothorax
with the chitinised plate between and cephalad of the fore
coxae elongate, not broadly, triangularly dilated anteriorly, so
that there is a large membranous area on each side of the
plate ; hind tarsus rarely with an outstanding setula near base
on ventral surface of basal segment.

Characters which distinguish species of the subfamily from
Phaoniinae are as follows : Frons without cruciate interf rental
bristles ; each orbit with from 3 to 5 bristles, only the upper
one directed backward, and no forwardly directed bristles in
any species ; thorax normally with but one well-developed pair
of presutural dorso-central bristles or, if there are two pairs,
the hind tibia has only three bristles, one anteroventral, one
anterodorsal, and one posterodorsal. and the fifth sternite is
cleft to near base ; lower stigmatal bristle usually directed
downward, sometimes weak or absent, in a few species directed

slightly upward.

KEY TO GENERA.

1. Lower calyptra much larger than the upper, projecting beyond it about

as far as length of upper 2

—Lower calyptra not much larger than upper, projecting but little
beyond it 9

2. Thorax with two pairs of postsutural dorsocentrals ; hind tibia with

4 median bristles, posteroventral, posterodorsal, anterodorsal, and
anterior ; basal segment of hind tarsus with a long bristle near base

on ventral surface Bithoracochaeta Stein

-Thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles ; hind

tibia with at most three median bristles 3

.3. Thorax with two pairs of presutural dorsocentral bristles,

Macrorchis Rondani

-Thorax with one pair of presutural dorsocentral bristles 4

-Thorax with the presutural dorsocentrals very short, barely distin-
guishable from the dorsal setulose hairs ; fore femur without a
continuous series of bristles on posteroventral surface,

Atherigona Rondani
4. Costa discontinued at or slightly beyond apex of third wing-vein,

Allognotha Pokorny

XXXli. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107

i '( psta continued to apex of fourth wing-vein 5

5. Hind tibia with three median bristles, posterodorsal, anter odor sal,

and anteroventral, the two former very long, the last sometimes

weak or absent 6

—Hind tibia without the long posterodorsal bristle, sometimes with
one or two setulae 7

6. Abdomen in male short and broad, fifth sternite with short pro-

cesses which are frequently covered by the fourth tergite ; fore
tibia without an anterodorsal bristle in both sexes, the mid femur
with a series of strong bristles on anterior surface, which does not

extend much beyond middle Ncode.riopsis Malloch

— Abdomen in male elongate, narrow, fifth sternite with large processes
which are always conspicuously exposed ; fore tibia with an antero-
dorsal bristle in both sexes, the mid femur with a series of widely
placed strong bristles on anterior surface, the outer one about one-
fourth from apex Macrocoenosia Malloch

7. Hind tibia without an anteroventral bristle ; abdomen in male short

and stout, sometimes with two bare glossy areas on each side ;
fore femur in both sexes with short setulae on entire length of
anteroventral surface ; ocellar bristles very short and weak,

Xenocoenosia Malloch

—Hind tibia with an anteroventral bristle ; fore femur without short
setulae on anteroventral surface, or the ocellar bristles long and
strong 8

8. Hind tibia with two strong, long bristles at middle, one on the

anterodorsal and the other on the anterior surface, their bases
very close together, almost contiguous ; hind tarsus usually with a
setula near base of ventral surface of basal segment,

Caricea Robineau-Desvoidy

—Hind tibia with an anteroventral and an anterodorsal bristle which
are not nearly contiguous at bases ; hind tarsus usually without a
setula at base on ventral surface of basal segment,

Coenosia Meigen

9. Frons longer than broad, its sides parallel, or slightly divergent

anteriorly Hoplogastcr Rondani

—Frons broader than long, its sides convergent anteriorly,

Schoenomysa Haliday

Of the genera included in this key there are t\v<> which havr
not been previously listed by me. Bithoracochaeta and .Itlicri-
gona. The former is represented in North America by leuco-
procta Weidemann, (antic a Walker, insn/nis Su-in), and the
latter by varia Meigen. The specimen of Athcrit/ono varia on
which 1 base the inclusion of the genus in our list was taken
by Mr. Charles Robertson at Inverness. Florida.

108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Gargara genistae Fabr., a European Membracid in
New Jersey (Homop.).

By HARRY B. WEISS and EDGAR L. DICKERSON,
New Brunswick, N. J.

The following notes are the results of observations made
during the past two years on Gargara genistae found inhabiting
Caragana arboresccns at Springfield and Milburn, New Jersey.
The species was identified by Mr. Funkhouser, who stated that
it was very common in Europe and northern Asia, but had
never before been reported from the United States. The host
Caragana arboresccns Lam., is a shrub or small tree reaching
a height of 20 feet. In Bailey's Encyclopedia of Horticulture,
its native home is given as Siberia and Manchuria. The mem-
bers of the group to which C. arboresccns belongs are known
as pea trees. They are really ornamental shrubs grown on
account of their bright yellow flowers. More than fifty species
are known from south Russia to China, most of them being
in central Asia. They grow in almost any kind of soil, but best
in that which is sandy, and in sunny places. Gargara genistae
was undoubtedly, introduced into New Jersey in the egg stage
with its host, as it was found in nurseries at both of the above
mentioned localities.

According to observations made in New Jersey, overwin-
tering takes place in the egg stage, the eggs being deposited
during the latter part of July, in the two-year old wood. They
were found in groups of 2 to 6, usually 4 or 5, in the bark
tissue at more or less right angles to the grain. Each whitish,
elongate egg rests close to and parallel with its neighbor and
the bark over each group of eggs is raised or swollen some-
what like a small blister. As a rule, one side of the swelling
where the eggs are inserted becomes cracked longitudinally
and somewhat whitish.

Hatching takes place during the second week of June and
the combined nymphal stages require about one month, the
adults emerging and becoming plentiful during the second,
week of July. The young nymphs are somewhat greenish and
resemble closely the color of the bark. As they become older,

XXxii. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XEWS 109

they get darker in color. In the early stages they feed at the
bases of the leaf petioles, but later migrate to the branch^
and main stems, where they apparently regain and complete
development. Both the nymphs and adults are attended by
ants and in our cages ants* were observed at various time's
carrying fifth stage nymphs and an adult, although no action
of this kind was observed in the field. Mann ( Psyche xxii. 5,
162, 1915) writes as follows, "Fnslin has recently observed
(Zeits. f. wiss. Insrktcnbiol. vol. vii. pp. 19-21) that the Euro-
pean ant Formica cincrca F., often carries into its nests nymph.
and adults of (,'arf/ara f/cnistac F., a common Furopean Ilomop
teron. Those which he observed soon died, probably because
of lack of food in the subterranean nests of the i Both

adults and nymphs are sluggish and readily captured. When
disturbed they move around to the side of the twig away from
the observer. The adults scatter considerably and may In-
found on all parts of the plant resting, usually on the twi^s.

Egg. Length, 1.1 mm. Width, 0.31 mm. Whitish, translucent, ob-
tusely rounded at one end, tapering to an acute angle at opposite end.
Sides almost parallel from rounded end to about three-fifths of length,
then gradually tapering to acute tip, with one side slightly flat. Alco-
holic specimens show granulated appearance beneath chorion.

First Stage Nymph. Length, 3 mm. Width of head, including eyes,
0.6 mm. Form elongate, thoracic and first abdominal segments of
about equal width, from which the body tapers posteriorly to acute tip.
A transverse section would be triangular with median dorsal portion
somewhat ridged.

Head transverse dorsally, about four times as broad as long, extend-
ing ventrally to first pair of legs. Eyes prominent, lateral. Antennae,
bristle-like, on ventral side of head between the eyes, three-jointed, two
basal joints sub-quadrangular, apical joint long and narrow, tapering to

tip.

Prothorax somewhat longer and broader than head with sides lobcd.
Mesothorax slightly shorter and broader than prothorax. Metathorax
slightly shorter than mesothorax at centre and about same width. Pos-
terior margin of metathorax slightly concave and sinuate at centre.
Lateral lobes of thoracic segments, especially those of meso- and meta-
thorax, extending somewhat posteriorly.

Abdominal segments two to seven, short and broad and of about

*The species was kindly identified by Mr. M. R. Smith as I:»rniic(t
fusca var. subscriceae.

110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

equal length, gradually narrowing posteriorly and with sides lobed ;
lobes more pronounced posteriorly. Eighth abdominal segment approx-
imating the first seven in length, long, narrow, slightly tapering apically.
Anal segment or tube linear, sides parallel, about two-thirds length of
preceding segment, protrusible, in some specimens drawn within the
preceding segment.

Head bearing a number of minute tuberculate spines ; minute tubercu-
late spines on thoracic and abdominal lobes ; a number of minute spines
on eighth abdominal segment; dorsal, median pair of minute tuberculate
spines on meso- and metathoracic and abdominal segments 2 to 7.

Legs well-developed, tibiae and tarsi bearing several minute tubercu-
late spines. Rostrum extending to posterior margins of metathoracic
legs ; lancets long.

Color: upper surface mottled brown. Ventral surface similar in
color except that of abdomen, which is yellowish white. Tibia and
tarsus 'annulated in some specimens.

Second Stage Nymph. Length, 3.5 mm. Width of head, including
eyes, 0.8 mm. Somewhat similar to preceding stage. Triangular shape
and dorsal ridge more pronounced. Body less elongate, broadest at
second abdominal segment. Head bent ventrally, triangular, notched
at anterior dorsal apex. Mesothorax extending medianly anteriorly.
Minute spines more numerous .and more pronounced. Viewed laterally,
thorax presents a distinct, gradually rounded crest. Eighth abdominal
segment bearing double row of median spines and a lateral row on
either side, together with smaller scattered spines. Dorsal tubercle
bearing spines extending posteriorly. Antennae comparatively shorter
than in preceding stage. Rostrum extending to second abdominal seg-
ment. Color similar to those of preceding stage.

Third Stage Nymph. Length, 4.5 mm. Width of head, including
eyes, 1.1 mm. Somewhat similar to preceding stage, but less elongate
and broadest across anterior portion of abdomen. Anterior ventral
margin of head somewhat keeled and extending laterally in front of
eyes. Crest of prothorax more pronounced. Dorsal median portion of
prothorax extending posteriorly. Dorsal median portions and lateral
margins of mesothorax extending posteriorly. Ridge of crest on first
two thoracic segments tuberculate. A median depression between the
pairs of minute dorsal spine-bearing tubercles of abdominal segments.
Tubercles and spines more pronounced. Rostrum extending to second
abdominal segment. Color similar to that of preceding stage; mottling
more pronounced. Tip of eighth and all of ninth abdominal segment
dark. Tip of ninth abdominal segment bears a circle of minute apical
spines.

Fourth Stage Nymph. Length, 5.5 mm. Width of head, including
eyes, 1.5 mm. Somewhat similar to preceding stage. Head bent more
ventrally, being fairly well covered by prothoracic segment. Crest of
prothorax more pronounced anteriorly. Wing pads of mesothorax

xxxii, '21]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

111

covering those of metathorax, which extend laterally posteriorly to
second abdominal segment. Armature more pronounced. Color vari-
able, some light, some dark.

Fifth Stage A'yinph. Length, 6.7 mm. Width of head, including
eyes, 1.8 mm. Somewhat similar to preceding stage. Anterior portion
appearing robust on account of pronounced crest, which is largely con-
fined to prothoracic segment, which extends medially and posteriorly.

1

Gargara genistae.—¥\g. i, Egg. Fig. 2, Last stage nymph.
Fig. 3, Adult.

Mesothorax extending somewhat posteriorly and medially. Wing pads
of metathorax extending laterally to third abdominal segment and being1
almost completely covered by those of mesothorax. Color variable,
from light mottled brown to uniformly dark brown.

The tubercles and spines referred to in all stages are comparatively
minute and scarcely visible to the naked eye.

Adult. Ganjara (jcnixtac Fabr. This \vas described in 17S1 t Fabr.
Sp. Ins. II, 318) as Cicada genistae. "M. tlmrace incnn;
producto, abdomine dimidio breviore. Syst. Knt. n/7.14.

Cicada thoraee inermi pone prodncto. Geoff. Ins. I. 424.1°. Habitat
in Genista iincloriti. Angliae. Horn. Lee."

Mr. W. I). l;imkhousiT very .^vncronslv Mi]i])linl n> \\illi
forty l''.un>|iran referencej to this species t'roii! hi-, MS. < ata

112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

logiie of Membracidae and Mr. C. E. Olsen furnished us with
nine additional ones. Through the kindness of Mr. Olsen and
Mr. A. J. Mutchler, about half of these references were looked
over in the library of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory. From them it was gathered that the species is quite com-'
mon in many parts of Europe. Curtis in 1840 (Brit. Ent. PI.
313) figured the adult and structural details together with an
illustration of the food plant. Genista tinctoria. Buckton ( 1840
Mon. Brit. Cicad. vol. I, p. 7) stated that but one species of the
genus was known from Britain and that it was rare and smaller
than coniutus with which it was confused. He also figures
the adults.

Distant (1907 Fauna Brit. Ind. IV, 60) states that gcnistac
is a Palearctic species, the genus being distributed as follows :
Palearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan and some portions
of Australasian Region.

Butterflies of the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona

(Lepid., Rhop.).

By WITHER STONE,
The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.

This collection was made during a sojourn in Pinery Can-
yon, in the Chiricahua Mountains, from May 19 to August 1,
1919, as the guest of Mr. Eugene Law, of Berkeley, California.
Most of our time was spent in camp in the oak and juniper
belt, at 6000 feet, where openings near the stream made pos-
sible the raising of small patches of alfalfa, which when in
bloom simply swarmed with butterflies. Eater we camped at
6500 feet, in a region in which pines predominated, and from
which the trail ascended to the high peaks — Ida's, Barfoot
and Monument, which tower above the head of the canyon.
The slopes of these mountains are covered with pines and
Douglas fir, while the peaks themselves are more or less bald
and flanked by aspen thickets. From our lower camp num-
erous trips were made to the foot hills at the mouth of the
canyon and out onto the desert, which has an average altitude
of 4000 feet.

xxxii, '21] F.XTOMOT.OCICAL XF.WS 113

While the collection is fairly representative, it is probably
by no means complete, as it was made at odd times when oppor-
tunity offered, our main object beins,r the collecting of birds,
mammals and botanical specimens.

The identification of the specimens, which constitutes the
'real value of the paper, is entirely the work of Dr. Henry Skin-
ner, to whom my sincere thanks are due. My contribution con-
sists merely of the field notes. The entire collection of several
hundred specimens has been presented to the Academy of Xat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Danais berenice strigosa. A common species in the canyon, 5000-

6000 ft., during June.
Agraulis vanillae. Took one specimen on the floor of the canyon

on May 21.

Euptoieta claudia. Rather common at 6000 ft., on alfalfa, in June.
Melitaea thekla. One taken in the foothills 4500 ft., June 26.
Melitaea cyneas. Common at 6000 ft., on alfalfa, during June.
Melitaea chara. Took one at our upper camp, 6500 ft., June 15.
Melitaea theona. Took one in the foothills, 4500 ft., July 29.
Synchloe nigrescens. Several seen and one obtained along a wash

on the desert, 12 miles south of Dos Cabezos, May 27. (4000

ft.)
Vanessa antiopa. Saw one on the desert, May 27, and took one on

I d.-t's Peak, 7000 ft., June 28.
Pyrameis caryae. Occasional in the canyon at 6000 ft., on thistles,

June 1 1.

Pyrameis cardui. One secured in the foothills, 4500 ft.. May 22.
Pyrameis huntera. One taken at our upper camp (fijOO ft.), June 20.
Limenitis arizonensis. Rather common in narrow side canyons, fly-
ing about the trees and alighting on the foliage, closely as-
sociated with Hetri'nclirod. June 1, 6000 ft.
Limenitis weidemeyeri angustifascia. Several on the summit of

Monument Peak, SS26 ft., July 24. One secured.
Heterochroa bredowi. Frequent, especially flying about the trees in

small side canyons, 60<)p-6~.no ft., during June.
Epinephile xicaque. Frequent on the top of Monument Peak,

^M6 ft.. July 24.
Neonympha henshawi. Common on the sides of the canyon, 600(i-

7000 ft., among bushes close to the ground, from May to July.
Neonympha rubricata. ( >ne obtained on slope- .,f [da's Peak. 7ouu

ft.. June i:>.
Lemonias nais. Took a specimen, June :.'::, in the canyon, li.'iiio ft..

and another on Barfoot Peak, SOOO ft.

114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS' fxxxii, '21

Lemonias palmeri. Took a single specimen, June 11, at 6000 ft., in

the canyon.
Lemonias cythera. One taken on the desert at the mouth of the

canyon, May 22. (4500 ft.)

Calephelis nemesis. One secured, June 12, in the canyon, 6000 ft.
Thecla siva. One obtained and others seen, June 23, on alfalfa, in.

the canyon, at 6000 ft.
Thecla melinus. Common at 6000-6000 ft., during June and early

July, on various flowers.
Lycaena pseudargiolus echo. Common at 6000 ft., on alfalfa, May

26 to July 10.
Lycaena marina. Abundant with the last, also up to 8000 ft., on

Ida's Peak.

Lycaena isola. Common with the preceding, 6000-6500 ft.
Neophasia terlooti. One secured on Ida's Peak, at 7000 ft., on
June 20, and another in the canyon, at 6500 ft. Both in pine
and Douglas fir forest.
Pieris monuste. Seen only on the desert and at the mouth of the

canyon (4500 ft.), July 29.

Pieris occidentalis. Common in the canyon up to 6000 ft. and occa-
sionally at 6500 ft.; also taken on the desert (4000 ft.). May
and June.

Nathalis iole. Common in the canyon, at 6000 ft., May and June.
Colias caesonia. Abundant on alfalfa, at 6000 ft., May and June.
Colias eurytheme. Abundant on alfalfa with the last.
Terias mexicana. Frequent with the preceding on alfalfa, in June.
Terias damans. One specimen obtained on June 23 with the above.
Terias nicippe. -Frequent at 6000 ft. on the alfalfa, June and July

28; also on the desert (4000 ft.). May 29.
Papilio daunus. Occasional in the canyon, 6000 to 6500 ft., usualljr

flying high over the stream, June 2 and July 20.
Papilio asterias. Common on the alfalfa, at 6000 ft., June and July.
Papilio philenor. Frequent along washes on the desert at the mouth
of the canyon. May 27-29 (4000 ft.) and rarely up the canyon
to 6000 ft., June 6.
Pyrrhopyge arizonensis. One specimen obtained at 6000 ft., July

29, the only one seen during the summer.
Eudamus tityrus. Frequent, 6010-6500 ft., in the canyon.
Eudamus pylades. Common at 6000 ft. in June, and one also se-
cured on Ida's Peak at 8000 ft., June 20.
Pyrgus occidental's. Frequent a1. 6000 ft. during June, and also

-on the desert (-!()00 ft.), May 29.

Thanaos clitus. One taken in the foothills, July 29 (5000 ft.)
Thanaos tristis. One taken with the preceding.
Thanaos funeralis. One taken in the canyon at 6500 ft., June 23.
Pamphila taxiles. One taken in canyon at 6500 ft., June 29.

xxxii. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115

Pamphila snowi. One taken on top of Monument Peak, 8826 ft.,

on July 24.

Pamphila phylaeus. Several taken in the canyon at 6000 ft.
Pamphila deva. Frequent during June at 6000 ft., on the alfalfa with

the last, and one on Ida's Peak, 8000 ft., June 28.
Pamphila carus. One taken, June I'U, at (iOOO ft.
Pamphila campestris. One secured at same place, June 22.
Pamphila python. June 1(>.
Copaeodes aurantiaca. One secured in the foothills. :.:>()() ft.. July 20.

XOTF. BY HENRY SKINNER.

In addition to being an ornithologist, mammalogist and botan-
ist. Dr. Stone is a naturalist and takes a keen interest in all
living things. Some of the butterflies collected are of special
interest. Mclitaca cyncas is not common in collections. It has
been recorded in the Biologia Ccn trail- Americana from Oaxaca,
Mexico. Mclitaca thcona is another species better known from
farther south. Limcnitis wcidcnicvcri ani/nstifascia is an inter-
esting race, the types having been taken in the White Moun-
tains of Arizona. So far as I am aware, Ncophasia tcrlooti
has not before been taken in the United States except in the
Huachuca Mountains. The specimen of Tcrias damaris taken
by Dr. Stone is the first one I have seen from the United
States. Exact records, with date of capture, are becoming
very important in the study of specific values and our concep-
tion of some of the older work is gradually changing. Every
year we are learning more about the species of our western
country. It was hardly possible in the past to form much of
an opinion of a- single specimen with only a State label.

The Maggot of the Guava in Costa Rica (Dipt., Trypetidae).

Senor C. Picado C., author of the valuable study on the epiphytic
Bromeliaceae considered as a biological medium (1913) has reccntlv
worked out the life-history of the maggot which infests the guava
fruit ( /'si, Until </ua:u I..). His result-* appear in the I'nl'Hctii'ion-x del
Co/cilia dc Scii'iritus. of San Jose, Costa K'ica, Serif V /'studios C'n'n-
///ivi'.v. Xo. 2, l(J2(i, entitled "Historia del Gusano dc la Gnayaba." The
-"I is the larva of Anastrepha s!rlata Schiner, as determined by
Professor Bex/i. Its structure, both external and internal, and that of
its parasite, f^iaclidsuid cnr^-fonli n. sp. ( Braci midae i . are de-cribed
and figured in detail and methods of control are considered. It is an
interesting and valuable piece of research which, we hope, will be
followed by others frorn the ,-ame pen.

116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Some Factors in the Classification of the
Microlepidoptera.

By ANNETTE F. BRAUN, Cincinnati, Ohio.

It is conceded that any truly scientific system of classification
should result in the grouping together of genetically related
forms. Classification by means of convenient characters which
arbitrarily assign species and genera to different groups with-
out regard to phytogeny, may result in a heterogeneous mix-
ture of species which, while possessing all the characters as-
signed to their respective group, and traceable to that group
in a "key," are of diverse ancestry. Such a system of grouping
adds nothing to our knowledge of relationship and phylogeny.

The writing of the present paper was suggested by the all
too common tendency in systematic work to place undue em-
phasis upon some "ingle character or set of characters which
appears to solve some of the puzzling questions of relation-
ship. It is the purpose here to point out briefly — and without
intention of covering the ground completely — a few of the
guiding principles which should be followed in classification
and a few of the errors which it is necessary to avoid. The
examples are taken from the field of Microlepidoptera not
because other groups would not serve for illustration as well,
but because the writer is more familiar with this group and
better able to give examples.

Classification rests on the affinities shown by weighing the
sum of all the characters of a form, the whole organism in all
its stages. It is to be expected that in related groups, certain
characters may reappear, because of a common inheritance.
In genetically unrelated groups the same character may develop
independently. This is one reason why no single character
can be relied upon exclusively.

In classification, due regard must be paid to the relative
value of different characters. The adult indicates better than
any other sta^e the position of the species, because it repre-
sents the structure of the species after growth has ceased;
it is the most specialized and most complex (except in the
case of certain internal parasites). At any event it is the
last product in the evolution of that species, a structure which
is the final result and is influenced by all changes which have
taken place in evolution both in early and adult life.

xxxii. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117

Larval and pupal characters are only of value within certain
limits in determining relationships. Where larval characters
contradict the evidence of the imago, they are of little or no
value. In the case of free-living larvae, adaptations develop
in the course of the struggle for existence. In insects with
complete metamorphosis, the habits of larva and adult may
differ widely, and hence the modifications of the larva may be
entirely independent and of no value in classification. Thus,
one only of two related organisms may have a specialized
larval stage or the same adaptation may have been added
independently in different groups to meet similar conditions
of environment. The use of pupal characters is perhaps open
to less serious criticism than the use of larval characters, as the
pupa is less obviously adaptive ; but it must be remembered that
the pupa is an interpolated stage, due to the differences be-
tween larval and imaginal habits.

Larval and pupal characters often afford valuable confirma-
tory evidence in classification. For example, the similarity
of the pupae of the Micropterygidae and the Trichoptera,
confirms the conclusion of their near relationship based on
adult structure. Where a larval character is not liable to
change in evolution, and has been handed down through a
group without change, for example, the fourteen-legged larva
of the (jracilariidae, it can be used as a diagnostic character
in placing a form in that group, where the Cither characters
are not decisive. Even such a character must be used with
care, as it may be retained in several groups merely as an
inheritance from a common ancestor, and the adults may have
diverged so far from one another that they would never be
placed together except on larval characters.

Apparent similarity and consequent apparent relationship
may result in errors of classification unless due regard be paid
to the course of evolution before taking the final result as a
basis of comparison. The placing of Opostcga close to Neptt-
citla is an example ; while they have1 certain characters in
common, the course of evolution in vein reduction has been
totally different. It may be mentioned here that specimens of
OpostCflti may be found in which the- cell is faintly outlined
and additional veins present in the fore wing, showing clearly

118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |xxxii, '21

the derivation of its venation from a more generalized
Lyonetiid type. This is still more strikingly shown in Hclicc
constrictclla, which, on the basis of empirical characters alone,
would be and has been placed in the Cosmopterygidae. It is a
Gelechiid, as shown by conservation of Gelechiid characters
in the female only of another member of the same genus.
This example is all the more .significant, as the Gelechiidae
are usually easily recognized by very definite characters, and
emphasizes the need of a thorough study of all the characters
of an organism for an understanding of its relationships.

The necessity of such a thorough study of an organism in
order to determine its real phylogenetic relationship is shown
nowhere better than in the Microlepidoptera. Families in the
Microlepidoptera are often not distinguished by any rigid
characters, although a combination of characters may be used
in definition, but rather by certain general tendencies in evo-
lution. Definite progressive changes, once initiated, continue
until we find that the end product, /. c., the most specialized
member of a group, may be so different, that without a
knowledge of the intervening phylogenetic changes, as shown
by a study of homologies in existing connecting forms, we
would never guess its relationship to the more primitive
members of the same group.

A new method of classification for the Microlepidoptera is
coming to the front. It is the science of genitalia. While there
is no objection to the use of these characters in specific differen-
tiation, or in larger group classification if used in combination
with other characters, are these characters of such pre-eminent
value that they can be used unsupported or in opposition to
the testimony of other characters? It may eventually be
possible to identify any Microlepidopteron by the male geni-
talia, but that is not the object of scientific classification, which
seeks to show by its system of grouping, the phylogeny of
the* organism as a whole. Though the science of genitalia is
still in its infancy, it may be necessary some day to turn our
males around in our collections and let them travel backward.
This new science will not classify the females, so it is a pleasant
reflection in these days of equal suffrage to know that the-
females will still look forward.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1921.

Thomas Bellerby Wilson.

When a man has made himself a benefactor of the human family by
devoting his life and a large fortune to the promotion of science, grati-
tude demands that we perpetuate his memory, and uphold his example
for the advancement of those sciences for which he lived. Therefore
we form this memoir to commemorate the life and character of our
late associate THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON.

So wrote a committee of the Entomological Society of Phila-
delphia, in 1865, in an appendix to the fifth volume of the
Proceedings of the Society. Similar motives have induced the
editors of the NEWS to place Dr. Wilson's portrait on tin-
covers of this journal for 1921. Dr. Wilson was not a publish-
ing entomologist. He was, among many other things, a col-
lector of insects and a word picture of him in this capacity
is given in the memoir quoted :

During his residence in New London [Chester County, Pennsylvania,
1833-1841] tradition reports the surprise of the people in that vicinity
when they saw him in his long walks along the brooks and through the
fields, groves and woods, with his botany box on his back, his ento-
mological net in his hands, the handle of his geological hammer ex-
tending from his coat-pocket and his hat covered all around with beetles,
butterflies and other insects which he had pinned thereon.

The last item recalls the stories of the famous Napoleonic-
General, Comte Dejean, whom Wilson may have seen the year
(1830) he studied medicine in Paris and a-t tended the lectures
of Cuvier. To the end of his life Wilson accumulated insects
and especially Diptera, which he gathered around his home
near Newark, Delaware, and, in earlier years, on extensive
travels through the eastern United States and Canada.

I'.ut Wilson's claims to a grateful remembrance by naturalists
and entomologists rest upon his gifts of money, hooks, col-
lections of natural history and equipment to The- Academy ot

119

120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS | XXxii, '21

Natural Sciences and The Entomological Society, both of Phila-
delphia. The Memoir Committee estimated the value of these
as $200,000 and $26,000 respectively. To his munificence was
due the beginning and the maintenance of the publication fund
of the Society, which has enabled entomologists from all parts
of the United States — not from Philadelphia alone — for more
than sixty years, to find means of acquainting the scientific
world with their observations and reflections.

He was the first man of wealth in America who understood the
importance of founding an Entomological Society with appropriate
means of study. . . . The number of young men especially who devoted
themselves to scientific labors in the institutions founded by him, is
remarkable. And through them and through others yet to rise up, his
influence will be felt in coming time beyond any definite period we
can fix.

We feel sure that a reading of this memoir will more than
repay for the time required and will justify our selection for
our cover.

Notes and. Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE

A Nomenclatorial Tangle in Anthomyiidae (Diptera).

In 1846 Macquart described Spilogaster nitcns from Africa. Stein
in 1897 described a species under the same name from North America,
and it remained in that genus till removed to Pogonomyia by Aldrich
in 1917. During those twenty years it was a straight homonym and
ought to have been renamed. In 1914 I described Stein's species as
Pogonomyia flavinervis. In his recent paper on the Anthomyiidae of
the world Stein lists Macquart's species as Spilogaster nitcns and his
own as Hylemia nitcns. The same author in his last paper on North
American Anthomyiidae (1920) omits nitens Stein entirely as such and
redescribes it as Pogonomyia flavipennis sp. n.

It appears from the above data that the proper specific name ought
to be Pogonomyia flavinervis Malloch. But apart from this a fact
which is more important is brought to light — that the haphazard relega-
tion of species to genera in this or any other group of animals by even
our leading authorities should be checked by making a clearcut defi-
nition of genera imperative at the time the genera are erected, and a
knowledge of generic limits essential to present day authors of specific
descriptions. I realize that the latter requirement is too drastic for
acceptance by entomologists at least, but some check is necessary on
most authors and some in particular. — J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois.

\.\\ii. '21] OGICAL .\FAYS 121

Cicadas Make Final Moult Upon Leaves of Trees (Homop.).

Ordinarily cicadas make the final moult upon trunks of trees, tele-
phone poles, fence posts and similar elevated, rather firm structures ;
but during last August the authors took cast skins of the last moult of
cicadas from the leaves of numerous trees, among them linden, chestnut,
maple, oak, elm and catalpa.

Many spent skins were noticed upon the trunks of some trees, and
they occurred at miscellaneous places upon the leaves, such as upon the
petioles and various places upon the hlades. As many as three skins
were seen upon a single leaf, some upon the lower surfaces and some
upon the upper. Usually the leaves were from twenty to thirty feet
from the ground, although some were lower and some were higher, and
the skins were not nearly as common upon leaves as they were upon the
trunks and branches. Most of the skins which were found upon the
leaves were headed toward the petiole or stem end.

Since we did not see the adult insects which emerged from the spent
skins we do not know the species. We do not know this habit to be
common to any one particular species of the family Cicadidae. — VERNON
R. HABER and W. BRUCE MABEE, Division of Entomology, Dept. of
Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AXD J. A. G. REHX.

I'mler the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining' to the En-
ti mology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
ilyriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not he noted:
but contributions to anatomy. physiology and embryology of insects.
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, \vill he recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with fe\v exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of pa]>< : < « iiaining new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end oi each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Itecord.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review o( Applied En-
tomology. Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5 — Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass. 9 — -The Entomologist, London. 10 — Proceedings of
the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11 — Anr.als and
Magazine of Natural History, London. 15 — ln>ecutc>r In.-dtiac
Mcnstruus, Washington, D. C. 20 — Bulk-tin de la Societc Entomo-
logique de France, Paris. 39 — The Florida Entomologist, (iaincs-
villc. 45 — Zeitschrift fur \vi>scn>cl:afllichc Insekti-nhiologie, Berlin
48 — Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 49 --Fntonn. e Mit-

u-ilun.uen, Berlin-Dahlem. 57— Biologisches /.cntra.Matt. I. dp

122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKXVS | XXXli, '21

59 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington, D. C. 72 — The
Annals of Applied Biology, London. 76 — Nature, London. 82 — The
Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus. 86 — The Quarterly Journal of
Microscopical Science, London. 88 — Occasional Papers of the Mu-
seum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 89 — Zoolo-
gische Jahrbucher, Jena. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancas-
ter, Pa. 103 — Biologisches Centralblatt, Leipzig. 119 — Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A., Washington,
D. C. 120 — Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien.

GENERAL. Bateson, W. — The determination of sex [Review
of Mechanis'ismus und physiologic der geschlechtsbestimmung by
R. Goldschmidt.l 76, cvi, 719-21. Britton, W. E.— Check list of
the insects of Connecticut. (Conn. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull.,
31, 397 pp.) Gibson, A. — Retirement of Dr. E. M. Walker as edi-
tor. 4, liii, 25. Goldschmidt, R. — Die quantitative grundlage von
vererbung und artbildung (Vortr. u. Aufs. u. Entwick. der Organis.,
Berlin, xxiv, 163 pp.) Pickard-Cambridge, O. — In memoriam. (Proc.
Dorset Nat. Hist. & Ant. Field Club, xxxviii, xli-lii, 1917.) Reitter,
E. — Ein nachruf von F. Heikertinger. 48, xxxviii, 1-20.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, &c. Bridges, C. B.— Gametic and
observed ratios in Drosophila. 90, Iv, 51-61. The mutant cross-
veinless in Drosophila melanogaster. 119, vi, 660-3. Haviland, M. -\/
D. — On the bionomics and development of Lygocerus testaceimanus,
and L. cameroni, parasites of Aphidius. 86, Ixv, 101-27. Jackson,
D. J. — Bionomics of weevils of the genus Sitones injurious to legu-
minous crops in Britain. 72, vii, 269-98. Klatt, B. — Beitrage zur
sexualphysiologie des schwammerspinners. 103, xl, 539-58. Payne,
F. — Selection for high and low bristle number in the mutant strain
"reduced." (Genetics, v, 501-42.) Ritchie, W. — The structure, bio-
nomics, and economic importance of Saperda carcharias. 72, vii,
299-343. Safir, S. R. — Genetic and cytological examination of the
phenomena of primary non-disjunction in Drosophila melanogaster.
(Genetics, v, 459-87.) Snodgrass, R. E. — The mouthparts of the
Cicada. 10, xxiii, 1-15. Sturtevant, A. H. — Genetic studies on
Drosophila simulans. I. Introduction. Hybrids with D. melano-
gaster. (Genetics, v. 488-500.) Verlain, L. — Note sur la spermio-
genese et la double spermatogenese des lepidopteres. (Mem. Acad.
Roy. Belgique, Clas. Sci., iv, fasc. 4.)

MEDICAL. Brues, C. T.— Insects and human welfare. (Har-
vard Univ. Press, 1920, 104 pp.)

NEUROPTERA. Howe, R. H.— Two interesting additions to
the odonate fauna of Concord, Mass. 5, xxvii> 154-5. McDunnough,
J. — Dragonflies of the Lake of Bays region. Additional records of
dragonflies from the Ottawa region. 4, liii, 6-8; 14. Tillyard, R. J.

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123

—A new classification of the order IVrlaria. 4, liii, 35-43. William-
son, E. B. — Two new Neotropical genera of Lestinae (Odonata.)
88, 96, 9 pp.

ORTHOPTERA. Buddenbrock, W. V.— Der rhythmus der
schreitbewegungen der stabheuschrecke Dyxippns. 57, xli, MS.

HEMIPTERA. Barber, G. W.--A 1919 collection of Cicadellidae
in the environs of Boston. 5, xxvii, 146-50. Bollweg, W.— Beitrag
zur faunistik und oekologie der in der umgebung Bonns vorkommen-
den aquatilen rhynchoten mit sonderer berucksichtigung ihrer lar-
venverhaltnisse. (Ver., Naturh. Ver., Preus. Rheinl. u. Westf., Ixxi,
137-87.) Parshley, H. M. — Hemiptera collected in western New
England, chiefly from mountains. 5, xxvii, 139-43. Riley, C. F. C.
—Distribution of the large water-strider, Gerris remigis, throughout
a river system. (Ecology, ii, 32-6.) St. George, R. A. — Notes on tin-
periodical Cicada in 1919. 10, xxii, 227-31. Stahl, C. F.— Studies
on the life history and habits of the beet leafhopper. 59, xx, 245-52.
Weiss, H. B.— Notes on the life history of Pachypsylla celtidis-
gemma. 4, liii, 19-21. Notes on the life history and early stages
of Corythucha celtidis. 82, xxi, 104-6.

Herbert, F. B. — The genus Matsucoccus with a new species. 10,
xxiii, 15-22. Knight, H. H. — Hemiptera of the family Miridae of
the Katmai expedition. 82, xxi, 107-9.

LEPIDOPTERA. van Bemmelen, J. F.— The wing markings
of Arctiidae. (Proc. Kon. Akad. v. Wetens., Amsterdam, xx, S49-60.)
Bowman, K. — Annotated check list of the macrolepidoptera of Al-
berta—additions, 1919. 4, liii, 13-14. Annotated check list of the
macrolepidoptera of Alberta. (Alberta Nat. His. Soc., Red Deer,
Alberta, Canada, 16 pp.) Fassl, A. H. — Beschreibung einer neuen
Saturniide aus Bolivien. 120, xxxi, 63-4. Gschwandner, R. — Eine
neue Saturniide aus Ecuador. 120, xxxiii, 86-7. Heinrich, C.—
Synonymical note in Aecophoridae. 10, xxii, 232. Roeber, J.—
Ueber mimikry und verwandte erscheinungen bei schmetterlingen.
49, x, 23-30 (Cont.) Schaus, W. — New sps. of Hctcroccra from
South America. 15, ix, 52-8. Weiss & Beckwith. — Notes on Cop-
todisca kalmiella, a leaf miner of Kahnia angustifolia. 4, liii, 41-5.

Dietz, W. G. — A new species of Coptodisca. 4, liii. 44. Dyar, H.
G. — New forms of American moths. Note on Schizuru ai'irali-.
Change of preoccupied name. 15, ix, 59-68; 99. McDunnough, J.-
A new race of Strymon melinus. 4, liii, 47.

DIPTERA. Becker, T.— Dipterologische stuclien. (N. A.. At.h.
Kais. Leop. Cr. Deut. Akad. Naturf.. cii, Nr. 2, 115-361. Cont.)
Bonne-Wepster & Bonne. — The first Sabethes larva found. 15, ix,
98-99. Dyar, H. G. — The American Aedes of the punctor group.

124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKVVS jxxxii, '21

Two new Culex from Costa Rica. 15, ix, 69-80; 100. Hearle, E.
-The larva and breeding place of Aedes aldrichi. 4, liii, 48. John-
son, C. W. — The female of Glutops singularis. 5, xvxxvii, 153-4.
Mailoch, J. R. — Synopsis of the anthomyiid genera Mydaea, Ophyra,
Fhyllogaster, Tetramerinx, and Eulimnophora. 4, liii, 9-13. Exotic

Muscaridae. — I South American species. 11, vii, 170-3. Seguy,

E. — Rernarques sur quelques larves de moustiques. 20, 1920, 309-11.

Aldrich, J. M. — The muscoid genera Pseudeuantha and Uramyia.
The anthomyiid genus Atherigona in America. 15, ix, 83-92; 93-8.
Greene, C. T. — A new genus of Bombyliidae. 10, xxiii, 23-4.

COLEOPTERA. Bernhauer, M.— Neue arten der Staphyliniden-
fauna von Sudamerika, insbesondere aus den gattungen Osorius und
Megalops. 47, ii, 9-11 (Cont.) Neue Staphyliniden aus Mittelamer-
ika. 48, xxxviii, 44-7. Bowditch, F. C. — South American Eumolpi-
dae, mostly of the group Colaspini. 9, liv, 25-30. (Cont.) Cotton,
R. T. — Rice weevil (Calandra) Sitophilus oryza. Tamarind pod-
borer, Sitophilus linearis. 59, xx, 409-22; 439-46. Denier, P. — De-
scription d'un genre nouveau de la tribu des Lyttini. (Meloidae.)
20, 1920, 332. Dietz & Barber.— A new avocado weevil from the
Canal Zone. 59, xx, 111-15. Kleine, R. — Der stridulationsapparat
der Hylobiini. 49, x, 16-23. Kolbe, H. — Ueber mutationsformcn bei
coleopteren. 45, xvi, 49-63. Thery, A. — Description de cinq Colobo-
gaster nouveaux (Buprestidae.) 20, 1920, 286-90. Watson, J. R.—
Notes on some Florida weevils. A food plant of Languria discoidea.
39, iv, 33-5; 40-1. Weiss, H. B.— Notes on the fungus-beetle. Cis
vitula. Coleoptera associated with Polyporus versicolor, in New
Jersey. 5, xxvii, 130; 133-4; 137-9. Zimmermann, A. — Coleopterorum
catalogus (Junk). Pars. 71 Dytiscidac, Haliplidae, Hygrobiidae,
A'mphizoidae. 326 pp.

Achard, J. — Identification du Scaphidium concolor. 20, 1920, 307.
Blaisdell, F. E. — Four new sps. of Melyridae. 4, liii, 15-19. Wick-
ham, H. F. — New species of Perthalycra and Osmoderma. 10, xxii,
232-34.

%

HYMENOPTERA. Brues, C. T.— A dimorphic species of Ce-
phalonomia from Trinidad. 5, xxvii, 151-3. Friese, H. — Canephorula '
apiformis, eine bienen-art mit dem beginne der korbschenbildung
aus Argentine!!. 89, xliii, Ab. f. Syst., 461-70. Gahan, A. B. — On
the identity of several species of Chalcidoidea. 10, xxii, 235-43.
Kohl, F. — Die hautflugergruppe "sphecinac." Die naturliche gat-
tung Sceliphron (Pelopoeus.) 120, xxxii, 1-171. Nininger, H. H.—
Notes on the life history of Anthophora stanfordiana. 5, xxvii,
135-7. N/Stellwaag, F. — Die schmarotzerwespen (schlupfwespen) als
parasiten. (Monog. z. Angewandt. ICntom.. Nr. 6).

XXXli. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125

INSECTS AND HUMAN WELFARE. An Account of the More Important
Relations of Insects to the Health of Man, to Agriculture and to For-
estry. By CHARLES THOMAS BRUES, Assistant Professor of Economic
Entomology, Bussey Institution, Harvard University. Cambridge
I Mass.], Harvard University Press, 1920. 8vo., pp. xii, 104, 42 tigs.,
$2.50.— "The present volume is an attempt to present some of the prin-
ciples and practices of economic entomology in a form that will illus-
trate the biological relationships of insects to their environment. . . .
The past few decades have witnessed great changes, whereby the field
of the entomologist has been greatly extended, and he has been com-
pelled, not unwillingly, to improve his methods of investigation and to
take advantage of the rapid progress made not only in zoology and
botany, but in medicine and chemistry as well. He has naturally greatly
improved his efficiency, and lias been enabled to increase his useful]
to humanity many fold. The general public rarely appreciates fully the
many economic problems in relation to insects which continually pre-
sent themselves . . . the entomologist . . . has to deal with
a wonderfully varied and extensive series of animals. This very fact
makes it difficult to deal with insects in the brief and generalized man-
ner applicable to other groups of animals. ... In the following
pages I have considered few of the details which may be found in
many other carefully prepared volumes, but have rather attempted to
avoid, as consistently as possible, matters not directly necessary for a
brief consideration of insects as they affect human welfare." Having^
thus sketched the plan of the work in the preface, the subject matter is
treated in five chapters: Insects and the Public Health (pp. 3-38),
Insects and the Food Supply (pp. 39-62), Forest Insects (pp. 63-86),
Household Insects (pp. 87-99), The Outlook for the Future (pp. 100-
104).

In this last, after referring to the general, but unfortunate, viewpoint
from which all living tilings are regarded as either useful or injurious
to man, emphasis is laid on the variety of the methods by which noxious
insects are combatted, the most promising way being regarded as the
biological, the use of parasites. The appearance of insect pests in
countries hitherto free from them will continue and "the specific prob-
lems of the entomologist will become more international in character."
Quarantines will result only in retardation, not in exclusion, of the
immigrants, and the extension of the ranges of certain di>. -'ing1

insects will doubtless afford many unpleasant surprises.

Some curious errors occur in figure 20, on page 44, where Colias
[Eurymus] philodice appears as "Pontia />/n/<><//iv." the Ameiican con-
gener of the European, cabbage butterfly, and is stated to have the
same food plant. The remark that the economic entomologist has no
criticism to make of non-rotation of crops i on page 45) is hardly
comprehensible until one reads page 57. The text reference to liv. ,i'>.
on pai.'i- "1. lionld lie transferred to Periplaneta americana from Blatta

126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

orientalis. One wonders why the spread of insects is not impeded
inversely as the difficulty of inspection, rather than in proportion to that
difficulty (page 103). PHILIP P. CALVERT.

•

CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO. By
CHARLES W. LENG. B.Sc. Published by John D. Sherman, Jr., Mount
Vernon, N. Y., 1920. [See Ent. News, xxxii, p. 62, Feb.. 1921.]— The
long desired and most useful work on North American Coleoptera has
at last appeared. So extensive is the literature on our beetles, so tan-
gled the generic reference of many species, so many changes have
been made in the nomenclature of European Coleoptera, that Coleop-
terists well-nigh despaired of ever having a catalogue to our species.

The volume is of 470 pages, and includes, as an introduction, an
essay on classification ; then follows the catalogue of the species, an
appendix on Strepsiptera, a catalogue of the fossil forms by Mr.
Wickham, a bibliography, and the index to genera "and higher groups.
The essay on. classification is a succinct account of the various pro-
posed arrangements, with critical remarks concerning them, and ends
with a conspectus of families. Here the Coleoptera are arranged in
two suborders, Adephaga and Polyphaga, and 22 super-families. Under
the super-families are 109 families. The series ends in the Rhyncho-
phora and Scolytoidea, the Scarabaeidae being placed before the
longicorns.

In the catalogue proper the species are numbered, the whole totalling
18,547. Each species is cited by author, year and page of publication,
which refers to the complete reference in the bibliography, and the
known distribution by states. It is printed in double columns. Under
the family, sub-family, or tribe, are references to revisional papers.
Under each genus the species are arranged according to their relation-
ships, as given by the last reviser. In the case of all but small genera
it would have been far more useful to have the species arranged alpha-
betically.

A number of generic and several family names are strange to Ameri-
can entomologists, but the author has been very conservative in adopt-
ing changes in nomenclature. Coleopterists so far have been spared
that confusion of nomenclature which has fallen on some of the other
orders of insects. In the preparation of this catalogue proper the
author has had the help of special students on certain families, Mr.
Schaeffer in the Ostomidae, Mr. Sherman in Dytiscidae, Mr. Woodruff
in Melandryidae, Mr. Wolcott in the Cleridae, etc. This gives added
authority to the work. Species from Lower California are included,
and introduced species are so marked.

The appendix on Strepsiptera lists 97 species. The catalogue of the
fossil forms includes over 800 specie^.

The bibliography is a most useful feature; here are listed over 4,000
titles, all that have a bearing on the taxonomic study of our beetles.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NFAYS 127

In a work of this magnitude it is inevitable that there should be
mistakes, but these arc of a minor character, and gradually will be cor-
rected. Anyone who, through experience, appreciates the enormous
grind that this bibliographic work has entailed cannot but congratulate
Mr. Leng'on having successfully driven through his labor to completion.
The work will undoubtedly give a new impetus to the study of beetles
in our country, and we hope that before many years the interest in
this dominant order of insects will be such that it will be financially
possible to publish a catalogue with references to original and later
descriptions after each species in the manner of other catalogues of
insects. The publisher, Mr. Sherman, is also a Colcopterist, and it is
largely due to his unremitting energy that the catalogue is in print.

NATHAN BANKS.

CHECK LIST OF THE INSECTS OF CONNECTICUT. By WILTOX EVERETT
BRITTON, Ph.D., State Entomologist and Entomologist of the Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn. Hartford. Printed for
the State Geological and Natural History Survey. 1920. — This work of
397 pages should accomplish what its author had in mind when he pre-
pared it, to stimulate an interest in the study of insects in the State, in
relation to man in the broadest sense, but with a special interest in
economy.

"A work entitled a Guide to the Insects of Connecticut, containing
keys to orders, families, genera, and species and including much infor-
mation about life-histories, habits, distribution, etc., is already in
progress."

The Check List will be very useful in the preparation of parts of the
Guide to be issued, as additional species and additional facts are the
natural result of such a list ; in other words, interest is stimulated.
Doubtless errors have crept into the list, but think of the joy that will
accrue to the person finding and reporting them.

Dr. Britton is to be congratulated on the publication of such a useful
list and we would like to see every State in the Union do likewise.
— H. SKINNER.

LEPIHOPTERA OF THE CONGO, Being a Systematic List of the Butterflies
and Moths Collected by The American Museum of Natural History
Congo Expedition, Together with Descriptions of Some Hitherto LTnde-
scribed Species. By W. J. HOLLAND. Bulletin of the American of
Natural History, 1920,' XL-Ill, pp. 109-369.— This paper is well illus-
trated with excellent colored half-tones of numerous species and some
text figures. Dr. Holland has been a student of the African fauna for
many years and is well qualified to prepare such a work and the present
contribution is one of real merit and value. The collection contained
nearly n'no thousand specimens and upwards oJ icven hundred and
twenty fivi pecies. 1 1 . SKINNER.

128 ENTOMOLOGICAL XEWS [xxxii, '21

Doing's of Societies.

Entomological Workers in Ohio Institutions.

The annual state meeting of Entomological Workers in Ohio Insti-
tutions was held in the Botany and Zoology Building, Ohio State Uni-
versity, Columbus, Ohio, on Thursday, Feb. 3, 1921, with the follow-
ing officers : Pres., J. S. Houser ; Vice-Pres., H. J. Speaker ; Sec., T.
H. Parks.

The following papers were given :

GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY — W. M. Barrows — Insect Orientation to Heat
Rays. R. C. Osborn — Next Steps in Entomological Study. W. C.
Kraatz — Notes on Aquatic Insects in Ohio. C. L. Metcalf — The Ele-
mentary Course in Economic Entomology. F. H. McMillen — How En-
tomology is Taught by the Smith-Hughes Teacher. Ford S. Prince —
Entomology's Place in County Agent Work. H. E. Evans — The Farmer
and Taxpayer's Opinion of the Application of Entomological Control
Methods. E. L. Wickliff — Insect Food of Certain Ohio Fishes.

ECONOMIC AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY — E. L. Chambers — Greenhouse
Insect Control on a Commercial Scale. P. R. Lowry — Economic Im-
portance of Mealy Bugs in Ohio. E. C. Cotton — Recent Developments
of Gypsy Moth and European Corn-borer LialMe to be Introduced. W.
O. Hollister — -The Tree Surgeon's Knowledge of Entomology. J. S.
Houser — Control of the Cucumber Beetle. H. A. Gossard — Devices for
Recording the Emergence of Hessian Fly Broods. T. H. Parks — Some
Remarks on Hessian Fly and Its Control. E. W. Mendenhall — Some
of the Insect Pests Found in Northeastern Ohio. W. S. Hough —
Methods Employed to Control and Eradicate the Pink Boll Worm.

OIIONATA — C. H. Kennedy — Notes on Dragon Flies.

HOMOPTERA — E. A. Hartley — Remarks on Some Aphid Parasites.

HVMENOPTERA — L. L. Huber — Remarks on a Chalcidoid Parasite.

COLEOPTERA — W. V. Balduf — Life History and Habits of the Cucum-
ber Beetle.

INSECTS AND DISEASE — J. S. Hine — Blood-sucking Insects Observed
on the Katmai Expedition.

Newly elected officers: President. C. L. Metcalf; rice-President. E.
W. Mendenhall ; Secretary, T. H. Parks.

The following additional entomologists were in attendance: W. II.
Larrimer, Lafayette, Ind. ; R. W. Kelly, Cleveland, Ohio. ; Richard
Faxon, Elyria, Ohio. ; R. S. McKay, Batavia, Ohio ; C. R. Outright, C.
O. Eddy, F. E. Guyton, A. E. Miller, W. B. Noble, of the Ohio State
University.

T. H. I 'ARKS, .SYrrr/./rv.

Entomological Material from
Argentine, Paraguay and South Brazil

SOLD AND PROCURED BY

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Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.

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Apply for particulars and prices.

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7 f~>t | Morpho menelaus,

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII

No. 5

THOMAS BF.LLERBY WILSON

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHj

VOL. XXXII

MAY, 1921

CONTENTS

Braun — Charles Henry Fernald 129

Malloch— Two new Species of the Ge-
nus Coenosia (An thorny iidae, Dip-

tera ) 134

Crampton — A Phylogenetic Study of
the Venation of the Fore Wings of
the Homoptera, Thvsanoptera,
Psocida, Zoraptera, Neuroptera,
Embiida, Plecoptera and Hadento-
moida — with notes on the Hymen-

optera and Coleoptera 135

Kertesz — An Appeal from Hungary.... 140
Felt— Three new Sub-tropical Gall

Midges (Itonididae, Dipt.) 141

Pinchot — Prevent Forest Fires — It Pays 143
Prison — New Distribution Records for
North American Bremidae. with
the Description of a new Species

( Hym. ) 144

Caudell — Hippiscus olancha Caudell,
an Apparently Undescribed Grass-
hopper from California (Orthop ,
Acrididae) 149

MAY - 5 1921

FunkhouseWNote on the Genus Cryp-
tonotus ^ftlembracidae, Homop. I. .

Editorial — ThVs Makms You

Williamson CoTScinflrfiAu Floods

Van Duzee C

Aid for Entomologiclrr~-Publk::U<(

Asked 153

Wood — The Value of the Classics 153

Ransom — A Supplementary Note to
the Biography of W. H. Patton 154

Entomological Literature 155

Review of Silvestri's Monografia delle
Cocciniglie Italiane. Gustavo Leo-
nardi 157

Review of Ferris' Report upon a Col-
lection of Coccidae from Lower
California 158

Review of Lloyd's Biology of North

American Caddis Fly Larvae 159

Obituary — Dr. Odoardo Beccari 160

Prof. Tsunekata Miyake 160

Charles Henry Fernald.

By the death of Prof. Charles Henry Fernald at Amherst,
Massachusetts, on February 22 of this year, the scientific world
has lost one of its great pioneer entomological teachers and
investigators.

Charles Henry Fernald was born March 16, 1838, at
Fernald's Point, Mount Desert Island, Maine, the son of Eben
and Sophronia (Wasgatt) Fernald. Opportunities for educa-
tion, as we know them, were very limited, but he early showed
the ability to choose and direct his own studies. His boyhood
ambition was to become a ship captain — his father was a ship-
owner— and to this end he set out to prepare himself. His
summers from the age of fifteen to twenty-one he spent at sea,
the winters in studying and teaching. His first interest in nat-
ural history began during these voyages with the collection of
marine forms, but at this time the love of the sea was still
paramount. At twenty-one, still with tin- desire better to pre-
pare himself for a ship captaincy, he entered the Maine \\ Vs
leyan Seminary. But here the atmosphere of learning aroused

129

130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

in him other interests and other ambitions which were to deter-
mine the future course of his life.

During three years here he prepared for entrance to Bowdoin
College. But the Civil War intervened. His classmates en-
listed, most of them in the army, but his earlier experience
inclined him to the navy, where he served for three years
(1862-1865), rising to the rank of ensign. Just before sail-
ing, he was married to Miss Maria Elizabeth Smith, whose
death occurred in 1919. During his service in the navy, by the
aid of books carried with him, he completed the Bowdoin Col-
lege course. Later (1871) he received the degree of Master
of Arts from Bowdoin College.

On his return from the war, he was made principal of Litch-
field Academy, Maine. Here he began the study of geology,
which was continued at Houlton Academy, of which he was
principal from 1866 to 1871. Finding it necessary to his
progress in geology to know more of botany and zoology, he
undertook an intensive study of these subjects. During this
period also, he began the collection and study of insects, with
all the attending difficulties of scattered literature.

Through his independent study and through his correspond-
ence with the foremost men of science, he was not only familiar
with a great variety of subjects but became known to the
scientists of this country and abroad.

In 1871, he was made professor of natural history in the
Maine State College (now the University of Maine), and was
called upon to teach botany, physical geography, human anat-
omy and physiology, comparative anatomy, veterinary science
and zoology, with special attention to entomology, geology and
mineralogy. During this time (1871-1886) insects came more
and more to occupy his attention, as is shown by the titles of
his papers. While connected with the Maine State College,
he wrote "Grasses of Maine," "Butterflies of Maine" (1884),
"Sphingidae of New England" (1886), and "A Synonymical
Catalogue of the described Tortricidae of North America"
(1882). The conclusions in the last named paper were based
on his studies and comparisons of specimens in the museums
of this country and of Europe. Numerous other shorter ento-
mological papers appeared during this time, chiefly notes and

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131

descriptions of new species in the Pyralidae and Tortricidae.
At the close of his service here, the Maine State College con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

In 1886, Prof. Fernald accepted the position of Professor
of Zoology in the Massachusetts Agricultural College, retain-
ing this position until his retirement from active work in the
college in 1910. During the last ten years of his service here,
his work consisted mainly in the development of the post-
graduate courses in Entomology. From 1908 to 1910 he was
director of the Graduate School.

In 1887, with the establishment of the Hatch Experiment
Station, he was made entomologist, remaining in this position
until 1910. The establishment of experiment stations, with
the consequent opportunities for entomological work, and the
demand for trained entomological workers, together with the
impetus given to economic entomology by the discover}7 of the
Gypsy Moth in Massachusetts in 1889 and the fight against it
directed by Prof. Fernald, resulted in a rapid growth of the
college work in entomology, to which Prof. Fernald's time
was increasingly and finally exclusively given.

As a much esteemed and beloved teacher of entomologv.
Prof. Fernald will always rank as one of the great pioneer^,
whose enthusiasm and self-sacrificing devotion to his work is
reflected in the lives and work of the students who received
their instruction and inspiration from him. To him, and to
the sympathetic cooperation of his son. Dr. H. T. Fernald, is
due the development of the facilities for entomological worki
at the Massachusetts Agricultural College.

His greatest work in economic entomology centered around
the fight against the Gypsy Moth in Massachusetts. As scien-
tific director of this work, and as entomologist of the Hatcn
Experiment Station, he was active in the successful controlling
of this pest during the ten-year period from 1889 to 1899. He
brought to this work executive ability combined with a broad
conception of the problems and difficulties involved. Account-
of this work are embodied in the annual "I
ports" and in the more complete volume on "The <
(lS'>i«), prepared in cooperation with K. II. l-'orhush. fu-l-l
director of the work. Other records of his work as entomolo

132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

gist of the Hatch Experiment Station may be found in the "Re-
ports of the Entomologist" and in the bulletins of the Hatch
Experiment Station.

As a systematic entomologist he is known, throughout the
world for his work on the Microlepidoptera, particularly on
the Tortricids and Pyralids. His published work on the Tor-
tricidae includes "A synonymical Catalogue of the described
Tortricidae of North America, north of Mexico" (1882), "The
Genera of the Tortricidae and their Types" (1908) and many
short papers, of which the earliest appeared in the Canadian
Entomologist in 1878. His early work on the Tortricidae of
North America was the first attempt to bring order out of the
chaos resulting from inadequate descriptions, often made from
poorly preserved material, incorrect generic determinations and
the confusion in nomenclature existing in this group at that
time. In any critical estimate of the scientific value of the
published results of his studies, as given in the Synonymical
Catalogue and in later shorter papers and lists, it must be borne
in mind that his was a pioneer work. The correctness of his
conceptions of the genera and the care with which the species
were examined is perhaps best attested by the fact that apart
from changes due to modification in ideas of the limits of
genera and changes resulting from the application of the law
of priority after more critical study of the work of the early
authors, the synonomy and generic position of most of the
species is not different from that determined by Fernald. 'The
Genera of the Tortricidae and their Types," published in 1908,
was the result of painstaking investigation undertaken for the
purpose of establishing a stable nomenclature based upon prior-
ity and correct conceptions of the genera as determined from
their types. The great merit of the work lies in the trust-
worthiness of the references, the unprejudiced presentation of
the evidence and the critical analysis of the facts. Some
workers may not accept all of his conclusions, for reasons
among which are -the non-acceptance of Hiibner's "Tentamen"
names, an unwillingness to accept accidental fixation of types
by Stephen's use, and differences of opinion as 'to the amount

XXXli. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133

of structural variation allowable within generic limits ; but
none can gainsay its value as a basis for all future work.

The work on the Pyralids consists of a number of scattered
papers giving descriptions of new species, several papers on
separate genera giving keys to the species with critical notes,
and the monographic papers ''The Crambidae of North Amer-
ica," and "The Pterophoridae of North America." The plan
of the two monographs is essentially similar ; geographic dis-
tribution, history and nomenclature, general structure and
habits, followed by keys and descriptions of the genera and
species. Prof. Fernald had that rare faculty of choosing and
stating clearly, essential characters ; as a result these papers are
as usable to the amateur collector who wishes merely to name
his captures, as to the deeper scientific student. Prof. Fernald's
familiarity with the Pyralids went far beyond that shown in
his published writings as is proved in his correspondence, and
by the critical notes given in his reviews of others' work.

In the Tineina, Fernald's principal contribution is the paper,
"On the North American Species of Choreutis and its Allies"
(1900).

The diversity of interests and the breadth of his studies is
shown by the titles of other taxonomic papers, among which
are "The Orthoptera of New England," designed especially
for the use of students, "The Sphingidae.of New England,"
and in the character of his reviews, which show a first-hand
knowledge of the subject matter under discussion and by their
constructive criticism are of real scientific value.

With his retirement from official duties in 1910, Prof.
Fernald had hoped to have the time and opportunity to con-
tinue his studies in the Microlepidoptera. Although failing
health and later serious illness several years before his death
denied the fulfillment of this hope, he kept up always his un-
failing enthusiasm and eager interest in these insects and in
the work being carried out by others.

We have lost a scientist whose work will endure; a loval
friend, and a man of the highest Christian character, whose
life will always be an inspiration to others.

ANNETTE F. BRAUN.

134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Two New Species of the Genus Coenosia (Antho-

myiidae, Diptera).

By J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois.

The two species described herein have been in my possession
for two years, but I delayed printing the descriptions as I
knew that Professor Stein had a large paper on the family in
the press and as I knew that much of his material had been
supplied by western collectors I assumed that there was con-
siderable probability he had the species and I did not want to
create unnecessary synonyms. The descriptions are now pre-
sented, as he had apparently no specimens of the species.

Coenosia aliena sp. n.

9 . — Black, slightly shining, densely gray pruinescent. Inter-frontalia
black, less densely gray pruinescent than orbits ; antennae and palpi
black. Thorax with three linear brown vittae. Abdomen with the
paired dorsal spots not very conspicuous, large, forming two almost
continuous vittae. Legs black, trochanters, apices of femora and the
tibiae reddish yellow. Wings clear. Calyptrae white. Halteres yellow.
Arista pubescent; third antennal segment extending three-fourths of
the distance to mouth-margin. Presutural acrostichals in an irregular
series ; lower stigmatal bristle directed ventrad. Tibial bristles as in
lata Walker, but there are in the type two additional bristles on antero-
dorsal surface of hind tibia, one above and one below the normal bris-
tle, both weaker than the median one. Otherwise as lata. Body length,
3.5 mm.

Type, Gallatin, Montana, August 22, 1917.

*

Coenosia anthracina sp. n.

9 . — Similar in color to the foregoing, the entire body black, shining,
without distinct pruinescence and without distinct dorsal abdominal
spots. Legs black, bases of tibiae reddish. Halteres yellow.

The species structurally resembles fratema Malloch and the principal
differences lie in the color of the interfrontalia. In fraterna the inter-
frontalia is almost as densely gray pruinescent as the orbits, while irt
anthracina it is brownish yellow when seen from in front and velvety
black when seen from behind. The thorax and abdomen in fraterna
are rather densely gray pruinescent and the median bristles on the
apical and preapical abdominal tergites are much stronger than in
anthracina. Body length, 2-2.5 mm.

Type, Gallatin County, Montana, August 15, 1912, 5400
feet elevation. Paratype, Unita National Forest, Utah, August
21, 1917, 8000 feet elevation (J. Silver).

Types in collection of Illinois Natural History Survey.
Paratype in collection of U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey.

xxxii, '21] EXTO.MOUH;ICAL NEWS 135

A Phylogenetic Study of the Venation of the Fore

Wings of the Homoptera, Thysanoptera, Psocida,

Zoraptera, Neuroptera, Embiida, Plecoptera

and Hadentomoida — with notes on the

Hymenoptera and Coleoptera.

By G. C. CRAMPTON, Ph.D., Massachusetts Agricultural
College, Amherst, Mass.

(Continued from p. 104)

From the foregoing discussion, it is clear that the evi-
dence of the wing venation would not be opposed to the view
that the Homoptera, Thysanoptera and Psocida are very
closely related, and that all of them approach the Zorapteron
type, which in turn was derived from types resembling the
Embiida and Plecoptera, and these lead back through forms
resembling the Hadentomoida, etc., to the Palaeodictyoptera.
In fact, the wing venation corroborates the evidence from
other sources very strikingly in many cases, but in other
cases I do not think that the wing veins offer as reliable sources
of information concerning the interrelationships of insects as
do other features of the body, such as the thoracic sclerites,
head and terminal abdominal structures ; and it is only when
its evidence is in full agreement with that from other sources
as well, that we are justified in giving so great a value to the
evidence of the wing venation as done by many students of this
phase of anatomy, who have made a veritable fetich of the
venation, seemingly regarding it as a sort of infallible Delphic
oracle, and paying no attention to evidences of relationship
furnished by other features, which in many cases offer far
better indications of relationship than the venation does !

It is apparent to anyone who has made- a study of a wide
range of structures from different parts of the body that no
one set of structures can be trusted in atiempting to trace
the lines of development of the different insectan orders,
since in one group of insects a set of structures, such as the
wing veins, will remain very conservative, while another set
of structures, such as the mouthparts, will become quite highly
modified. In another group, on the other hand, the mouth-
parts may remain very conservative, \\hile the wings become

136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

highly modified. Thus, in the fossil insect Eugereon, which
some investigators consider as representing the type ancestral
to the Hemipteroid insects, the wings are still in the primitive
stage of development represented by the Palaeodictyoptera,
while the mouthparts have become as greatly modified as those
of the highly specialized parasites forming the order Siphon-
aptera, or the fleas. In fact, the labial palpi, hypopharynx,
etc., of Eugereon arc remarkably similar to those of the fleas
(as well as those of the Neuropteroids related to the fleas,
such as the Diptera, Mecoptera, Neuroptera, etc.) and the
mouthparts of Eugereon are so similar to these forms, rather
than the Hemipteroid insects, that it would hardly seem that
Eugereon stands in the direct line of descent of the Hemip-
teroid insects, and in fact it is no nearer to them than the
rest of the Neuropteroids are. At any rate, Eugereon furnishes
us with an example of an insect in which the wing veins have
remained practically unchanged from the. ancient Palaeodicty-
opteron type, while the mouthparts have become as greatly
modified as those of the highly specialized order Siphonaptera.
On the other hand, the head of the Zoraptera is very much
like that of the primitive order Plecoptera, while the wings
of the Zoraptera have become so highly modified that they
approach the types found in the Homoptera. On this account,
if we were to regard the wing venation alone in these insects,
we would not be able to fit them into their proper places in
the developmental series as accurately as we are able to do by
taking into consideration all of the features of the body, etc.,
and whatever evidence is available from all other sources
( t'. g., embryology, etc.) as well. I would therefore treat
the evidence of relationship furnished by the wing veins as
merely a part of the whole evidence, and until it is sup-
ported by evidence from other sources as well, I would give it
no greater weight than that furnished by the study of any
other single set of structures. On the other hand it must be
admitted that it would be perfectly possible to trace the
origin and development of all of the lines of descent of the
insectan orders by using one set of structures alone — such as
the evolution of the antennae, legs, mouthparts, etc., — pro-

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137

vided we had all of the stages arranged before us, and knew
which features of resemblance were due to consanguinity,
and which to convergence or parallelism; but, in the present
state of our knowledge, no one is justified in using one set
of structures alone in tracing the evolution of the orders of
insects, and opinions based upon a study of the wing veins
alone are of no more value than those based upon the study
of any other one set of structures. 1 would, therefore, relegate
the evidence of the wing veins to a more subordinate position
than its votaries are willing to do, although I, too, fully appre-
ciate its value as corroborative evidence, which must be taken
into consideration (with that from an\ available source) if
we are to come to a correct conclusion concerning the origin
and interrelationships of the insectan orders.

The venation of the wings of the Coleoptera and Hymenop-
tera is so greatly modified, that it is of little value in the study
of insect phylogeny, although it is of some value as corrobora-
tive evidence if taken in conjunction with that drawn from
the study of other features, such as the thoracic sclerites, ter-
minal abdominal structures, ontogenetic development, etc.
Taking their anatomy as a whole, the Hymenoptera show un-
doubted affinities with the Neuropteroid insects (I. e., the
Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Trichoptera, etc.) ; but they also pre-
sent certain points of similarity to the Psocoid insects such as
the Homoptera, Thysanoptera, Psocida, etc. The lines of
development of all of these forms apparently arose from
ancestors intermediate between the Zoraptera (with the
Isoptera) on the one side, and the Coleoptera (with the Der-
maptera) on the other — much as a family of children inherit
traits from the father's side and from the mother's side as
well — and I am inclined to consider that the Hymenoptera in-
herited their social tendencies from the side of the Zoraptera
(with the Isoptera), while their type of genitalia apparently
comes from the side of the Coleoptera (with the iVnnaptera ) .
The venation of the Hymenoptera would not run counter to
this view, and in fact, the fore wings of the Siricids are rather
suggestive of those of the Zoraptera in certain features, while
the hind wings of certain sawflies resemble the hind wings of

138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

the Coleopterous types in some respects. Taking their anatomy
as a whole, I would therefore maintain that the closest affinities
of the Hymenoptera are with the Neuropteroid insects (Mecop-
tera, Neuroptera, etc.), and that the lines of development of
the Hymenoptera and other Neuropteroids quickly merge with
those of the Psocoid insects (i. e., the Homoptera, Thysanop-
tera, etc.) as we trace them back to a common ancestry
anatomically intermediate between the Zoraptera (with the
Isoptera) and the Coleoptera (with the Dermaptera).

The Zoraptera in turn lead back to forms closely resembling
the Embiida and Plecoptera, as is also true of the Coleoptera
and Dermaptera. In fact, the resemblance between the Coleop-
tera and Embiida is quite marked in the character of the
mouthparts, metathoracic coxae and other features ; and the
tendency for the fore wing of the Embiida to preserve the
longitudinal veins in the form of long nervures extending
almost parallel to each other down the wing (e. g., as shown
in Fig. 7 ) is certainly very suggestive of the condition oc-
curring in the fore wings of Coleoptera. The venation, there-
fore, would admit of a close relationship between the Coleop-
tera* and the Embiida which is indicated by the mouthparts
and other structures, and it is evident that the lines of develop-
ment of all of the forms mentioned above quickly merge as
we trace them back to ancestors resembling the Embiida and
Plecoptera, which in turn, are connected with the Palaeodicty-
optera by such forms as the Hadentomoida. Haplopteroida,
etc., if we may judge by the nature of their wing veins.

The appended diagram, in which the principal lines of
descent have been linked together "in twos" (merely for the
sake of convenience) will serve to illustrate the derivation
and interrelationships of the orders of insects mentioned above.
Since several lines of descent may arise at the same "point"
on the ancestral tree (i. e., their common ancestors were
enough alike to be grouped in a single order) these lines of
descent should be considered as though drawn in a figure of

* The ancestors of the Coleoptera were anatomically intermediate
between the Isoptera on the one side, and the Dermaptera on the other,
and all three of these lines of descent lead back to ancestral types re-
sembling the Embiida (with the Plecoptera) on the one side, and the
Protoblattida 011 the other.

xxxii, '21 |

NEWS

139

three dimensions, rather than merely in a Dingle plane. The
lines of descent of the Phasmida and (.Jrylloblattida have been
omitted in order to make the figure less complicated, although
it should be borne in mind that the ancestors of the Coleop-

ANOPLEURA-
MALLOPHAGA

, HEMIPTERA-
\ HOMOPTERA

THYSANOPTERA-
PSOCIDA

ZORAPTERA-
ISOPTERA

MANTIDA-

PROTOBLATTIDA

HYMENOPTERA

MECOPTERA-
NEUROPTERA

.COLEOPTERA-

DERMAPTERA

EMBIIDA-
PLECOPTERA

•HADENTOMOIDA-

HAPLOPTEROIDA

PALAEODICTYOPTERA

tera, etc., were related to these forms as well as to those whose
fines of descent are represented in the diagram. The positions
of the insects in question in the superorders of pterygotan
insects have been indicated below.

PALAEODICTYOPTEROID SUPERORDER —

(Panplectoptera, or Ephemeriformia) — Protephemerida, EphenuTidu,

Protodonata, Odonata, Palaeodictyoptera (in part), etc.
PI.ECOPTEROIII SUPERORDER—

(Panplecoptera, or Perliformia) — Haplopteroida, Hadentonidiila, Ple-
coptera, Emhiida, Dcnnaptera, etc. The Coleoptera are closely
related to these insects, but may provisionally he grouped with
the Neuropteroids.
( (KTHOITKKOHI SI'I-EKORDKR—

(Panorthoptcra, or Phasmiformia) — Protorth"pi' ra, Grylloblattida,

Phasmida, Ortlmptera (.\V;I.VH str!ct<>), etc.
ISOPTEROID SUPERORDER—

( I'anisoptera, or IHatti f< irmia i Protoblattida, Unptera, Ulattida.
Mantida, etc.

140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXli, '21

PSOCOID SUPERORDER —

(Panhomoptera, or Psociformia) — Zoraptera, Psocida, Mallophaga,

Anopleura, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, etc.
NEUROPTEROID SUPERORDER —

(Panneuroptera, or Sialiformia) — Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, Mecop-
tera, Protomecoptera, Paramecoptera, Paratrichoptera, Trichop-
tera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Siphonaptera, etc. The Coleoptera
and Strepsiptera may be provisionally placed here, although the
Coleoptera are very close to the Dermaptera, and the Strepsiptera
resemble the Homoptera in many respects.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1920. CAUDELL — Zoraptera not an Apterous Order. Proc. Ent. Soc.

Washington, vol. 22, p. 84.

1918. COMSTOCK — Wings of Insects. Ithaca, 1918.
1901. ENDERLEIN — Morphologic, Systematik und Biologic der Atropi-

den und Trodden. Results of the Swedish Zool. Expedit.

to Egypt, etc., No. 18.
1903. Id. — Americanische Psociden. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Systemat., vol.

18, p. 251.

1908. Id. — Coniopterygidae. Genera Insectorum, Ease. 67.

1912. Id. — Embiidinen. Coll. Zool. Baron Selys Longchamps, Ease. 3.
1906. HANDLIRSCH — Revision of American Palaeozoic Insects. Proc.

U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, p. 661.
1912. JONES — Some New California and Georgia Thysanoptera. Tech.

Ser., No. 23, Pt. 1, U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Misc. Papers.

1909. PATCH — Homologies of the Wing Veins of Aphididae, etc. Ann.

Ent. Soc. America, vol. 2, p. 101.
1890. SCUDDER — Tertiary Insects of North America. Rpt. U. S. Geol.

Survey, Vol. 13.
1883. WOOD-MASON — Embiidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 628.

An Appeal from Hungary.

EDITOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS — The Hungarian Entomological Society
has come by very well known circumstances into such a situation
that its further existence is very doubtful. Entomology is in danger in
Hungary! We lost with the greatest part of our country the most of
our subscribers and are not able to publish even a page from our income.
The scientific men are turned, consequently, into beggars.

The Board resolved therefore to apply for help to the entomologists
of foreign countries, especially to those of the United States of Amer-
ica. We want to receive only as much as to be able to maintain our
society as long as the present situation lasts.

I am sure you are able to do very much for us and I take, therefore,
the liberty of asking you the favor to assist us to our relief and collect
a sum amongst your entomological friends. The sum will be employed
only for the printing of our journal, "Rovartani Lapok."

Money may be sent to my address.- — DR. K. KERTESZ. Treasurer of the
Hungarian Rntom. Soc., Hungarian National Museum, Budapest.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 141

Three New Sub-tropical Gall Midges (Itonididae,

Dipt.).

By E. P. FELT, State Entomologist, Albany, Xew York.

The gall midge fauna of the warmer parts of the earth is
comparatively unknown and it is, therefore, with more than
usual interest that we record the characters of several new

species.

ALEXOMYIA n. g.

This Porricondylid genus is easily recognized by the short,
distinct cross vein forming a well marked angle with cost a.
the forked fifth vein not close to the posterior wing margin, the
supernumerary vein at the base of subcosta extending almost
to the cross vein, the simple claws and the rudimentary pulvilli.
It is easily separated from the related and possibly associated
Argentine Liebcliola Kieff. & Jorg. by the uniarticulate palpi
and the short spine-tipped ovipositor. Type: A. cilia ta n. sp.

Alexomyia ciliata n. sp.

The species described below was received under date of
September 22, 1919, from Professor C. P. Alexander, Urbana.
Illinois. It was collected at Praia, State of Para, Brazil, and
labeled 6-7-19. The type (Cecid. 1805) is deposited in tin-
New York State Museum and is unusually interesting becau>v
of its close relationship to a striking Argentine species.

$ . — Length, 4.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely
haired, black or nearly so, probably with 14 and possibly with 16 seg-
1 merits, the first obconic, the second with a length about half its diame-
ter, the 3rd and 4th fused, the 5th with a stem one-third the length
of the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length about
four times its diameter, a sparse whorl of stout setae basal ly and a scat-
tering whorl of long setae subapically. Circumfila at the basal fourtli
and apically are connected with irregular longitudinal moderately high
and heavy fila. Terminal segment missing. Palpi uniarticulate, the
segment broadly oval and with a thick group of rather short, stout
sensory spines apically.

Mesonotum shining dark brown, the submedian lines thickly haired.
Scutellum and postscutellum dark yellowish brown. Abdomen dark
reddish brown.

Wings hyaline with a length fully three times the width, msta dark
brown, the supernumerary vein extending nearly to tlx cross vein,
subcosta uniting with the margin near the basal half, the cross vein
short, well-developed, at a distinct angle with costa, the third vein

142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

nearly straight and uniting with the margin a little beyond the apex
of the wing, there being a distinct break at this point, the fifth vein
joining the posterior margin at the distal third, its branch near the
basal half. Halteres fuscous.

Legs mostly dark brown, the 2nd to the 4th tarsal segments with long,
fuscous hairs, the 5th yellowish or whitish, the claws moderately long,
stout, fuscous, simple, the pulvilli rudimentary.

Ovipositor short, stout, the distal portion greatly reduced, its basal
part with a length about equal to its diameter and tapering distally to
a rather slender spine nearly as long as the basal part. At the base of
the distal portion of the ovipositor, there is a pair of thickly setose,
triangular plates, partly separated by a triangular incision.
Porricondyla pennulae n. sp.

This peculiar male in general appearances suggests Colpodia
Winn., rather than the genus to which it is assigned, because
the cross vein is parallel with subcosta. It is also remarkable
for the greatly produced terminal clasp segments. The speci-
men was collected by Professor C. W. Johnson, April 12, 1919,
at St. Augustine, Florida. Type Cecid. 1802, in the New York-
State Museum.

$ . — Length, 1.5 mm. Antennae one-half longer than the body, sparsely
haired, dark brown, the stems whitish, 15 segments, the 5th with a stem
twice the length of the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has
a length one-half greater than its diameter. Terminal segment reduced,
with a length nearly two and one-half times its diameter, the stem rudi-
mentary. Palpi probably quadriarticulate, though this is not clearly
demonstrable in the preparation. First segment with a length over
three times its diameter, the second one-half longer, slender, the third
with a length more than twice the second, and what appears to be the
fourth a little shorter than the third (the last two may be fused).

Afesonotum brownish yellow. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscu-
tellum darker, abdomen yellowish brown. Genitalia fuscous yellowish.

Wings hyaline, with a length four times the width, the cross vein
nearly parallel with costa, the fifth vein forked. Halteres fuscous yel-
lowish, fuscous subapically.

Coxae pale yellowish, legs a variable straw. Claws rather slender,
strongly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli as long as the claws.

Genitalia: basal clasp segment very short, and exceptionally broad,
the length being about three-fourths the diameter. Terminal clasp
segment longer than the basal clasp segment, irregularly curved, finger-
like. Dorsal plate short, broad, triangularly emarginate, the lobes
broadly rounded and thickly setose. Ventral plate short, broad, deci>lv
and triangularly emarginate. The lobes rather broadly rounded and
thickly setose. Harpes represented by chitinous hooks.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143

Phytophaga floridensis n. sp.

The one specimen described below was collected at St. Au-
gustine, Florida, April 16, 1919, by ProlY^or C. \V. Johnson.
It runs in our key to P. thalictri I'Ylt, from which it is nio-i
easily separated by the distinctly longer antennal segments.
A comparison of the two insects shows that they are entirely
different. Type Cecicl. 1801, in the New York State Museum.

$. — Length, 1.5 mm. Antennae as long as the body, rather thickly
haired, 14 segments, the 5th with a stem one-half the length of the
cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-
half times its diameter. Terminal segment produced, with a length
over four times its diameter. Palpi, first segment with a length about
three times its diameter, the second a little longer, the third one-half
longer than the second and the fourth nearly twice the length of the
third.

Mesonotum dark yellowish brown, the submedian lines impressed,
yellowish, scutellum yellowish, postscutellum a little darker, abdomen
yellowish.

Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting with the margin well beyond
the apex of the wing. Halteres pale yellowish.

Coxae yellowish, legs mostly dark straw. Claws long, slender, rather
strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli a little shorter than the claws.

Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, broad, terminal clasp
segment rather short, stout. Dorsal plate broad, broadly and roundly
emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded and thickly setose. Ventral plate
rather long, narrow, deeply and almost triangularly emarginate, the
lobes broad, broadly rounded apically and rather thickly setose.

PREVENT FOREST FIRES— IT PAYS!

EDITOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS — As a newspaper man you know with-
out any telling what is the paper situation. Substantially every other
industry using wood in any of its forms is in the same kind of trouble,
or very soon will be.

In Pennsylvania the root of the whole trouble has been and still is
the unmitigated curse of forest fire. Fire has destroyed more grow-
ing and prospective timber than all land clearing and cutting put to-
gether. Forest fires keep down production. Kvcry acre of soil not
needed for purposes more important should be growing trees. To do
so they must lie made secure against fire.

Because of the open winter and early spring the present fire season
threatens to be one of the worst in years. 1 -should appreciate it uivatly
if you would help by carrying, durinir May ami June, the slogan of
the Department of Forestry, which i*-. "I'n-veiit ' Fires It P

Your co-operation will '»• special!} iiM-fnl in making the idea ot
forest protection a part of the every dav thought and eon-,
our people — GIFKOKP PIXCMOT, Commissioner of Forestry, St.ih- <<!
Pennsylvania.

144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

New Distribution Records for North American
Bremidae, with the Description of

a New Species (Hym.).
By THEODORE H. PRISON, Urbana, Illinois.

In the course of examining a large number of specimens of
Bremus (Bombits) and Psithyrus from various parts of North
America, the writer has obtained many new records of distri-
bution for members of these two genera. Dr. Franklin in his
monograph on "The Bombidae of the New World" gives a
table in which he tabulates the species as they occur in the
various political divisions. He says "Gaps in the known habitat
have, in this list, been filled in, as far as they reasonably could
be, according to the author's judgment of the unknown habitat
based on the known." Additions to this original list were pub-
lished by Franklin in the November number, of the Entomo-
logical News for 1915, and Lutz (1916) and Sladen (1916,
1919) have added several more records.

Besides those species given below that are not listed by
Franklin from certain political divisions or states, there are
others accredited to certain states by Franklin on the basis of
their known range, which are here actually recorded from
those states.

1. Bremus occidentalis Greene. Nogales, Arizona, seven queens,
July 1-12, 1917 (E. J. Oslar— Author's Collection).

2. Bremus occidentalis subsp. nigroscutatus Franklin. Nogales,
Arizona, one queen, July 7, 1917 (E. J. Oslar — Author's Collection).

3. Bremus terricola Kirby. Ames, Iowa, one female, June 12,
1S8S (Gillette — Ames Agr. College Collection, Ames, Iowa); Al-
gonquin, Illinois, one worker, July 21, 1914 (Nason — Illinois State
Natural History Survey Collection); Northern Illinois, two work-
ers (Bolter Collection — University of Illinois Museum); Mt. Mit-
chell, North Carolina, three queens and five workers, July 18, 1919,
about 6700 ft. alt. (R. W. Leiby — North- Carolina State Ent. and
Author's Collections), and Yonahlossee Road, near Blowing Rock,
North Carolina, one male, mid-Sept., 1912 (C. L. Metcalf — North
Carolina State Ent. Collection); Kempt Shore, Nova Scotia, six
workers, August 14, 1914 (E. Mosher — Author's Collection); Digby,
Nova Scotia, many workers, June 2-20, 1908, and many males, Junr
23-July 15, 1908 (Russell — Nason Collection, University of Illinois
Museum); Alpena, Michigan, eight males, Sept. 25, 1908 (Nason—

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145

University of Illinois Museum); Onckamo, Michigan, ten workers
and one male July 12, 1914 (M. Mart Hllivray — Author's Collection;;
Griswolda, Michigan, one worker. August 21, 1915 (T. H. Prison-
Author's Collection); Lake County, Illinois, one queen, May 7. 1911
(Milwaukee Public Museum Collection No. 47936). All the speci-
mens of this species from North Carolina have a large amount of
yellow pi!e on the scutellum.

4. Bremus affinis Cress. Dane County, Wisconsin, one queen,
May 26, 1914 (W. S. Marshall — University of Wisconsin Collection);
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, all forms (University of Wisconsin and Mil-
waukee Public Museum Collections).

5. Bremus borealis Kirby. Waukegan, Illinois, two queens and
two workers, August 24-25, 1917 (J. R. Malloch and T. H. Prison

—III. State Nat. Hist. Survey and Author's Collections); Digby,
Nova Scotia, one worker, June 20, 1908 (Russell — Nason Collection,
University of Illinois Museum); Kempt Shore, Nova Scotia, one
queen, two workers and one male. August 14-22, 1916 (E. Mosher

—Author's Collection).

6. Bremus appositus Cress. Patagonia Mountains, Arizona, seven
queens and one worker, July 12-14, 1917 (E. J. Oslar — Author's
Collection): Catalina Mountains, Arizona, two queens, June 24, 1917
(E. J. Oslar — Author's Collection).

7. Bremus ternarius Say. Ames, Iowa, one specimen (Ames
Agr. College Collection); Digby, Xova Scotia, two queens and forty-
seven workers, June 22-July 15, 1908 (Russell — Nason Collection,
University of Illinois Museum); Kempt Shore, Nova Scotia, two
workers, August 16, 1916 (E. Mosher — Author's Collection): Al-
pena, Michigan, thirteen workers and twenty-one males, September
2."i, 1908 (Nason — Nason Collection, University of Illinois and Au-
thor's Collection).

8. Bremus fernaldi Franklin. Catalina Mountains, Arizona, two
queens, three workers and two males, June 24, 1917; Nogales, Ari-
zona, two queens, July .12. 1917 (E. J. Oslar — Author's Collection).

The two queens from Nogales and one of the workers from the
Catalina Mountains exhibit considerable yellow pile on the basal
middle portion of the second dorsal abdominal segment, thus slightly
differing from the type females as described by Franklin and agree-
ing more with the male in this respect. Likewise, in all of the work-
ers and queens the fifth and sixth abdominal segments have a large
amount of yelli >\\ Mi-white pile, the corbicular fringes are slightly
ferruginous in several specimens and the hind femur, imperially in
tlie queen, has 'only a very little yrllow pile.

9. Bremus vosnesenskii Had. N'o-ah >. \rixona. right quern>.
July si;. I '.HI; Patagonia Mountains, Arizona, seven queens, July
II, L917; ('atalina Mountains, Arizona, three workers and one male.
June 84-25, 1917 ( E. J. Oslar— Author's Collection I.

146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXli, '21

10. Bremus vagans F. Sni. Kempt Shore, Nova Scotia, two
queens, three workers and one male, August 14-16, 1916 (E. Mosher
—Author's Collection).

11. Bremus mixtus Cress. Salt Lake City, Utah, one queen
(Bolter Collection — University of Illinois Museum).

12. Bremus flavifrons Cress. Forest Grove, Oregon, one queen,
May 21, 1919 (A. C. Burrill— Author's Collection).

13. Bremus ambiguus Franklin. Catalina Mountains, Arizona,
two workers, June 24 and 26, 191? (E. J. Oslar — Author's Collec-
tion). Dr. Franklin very kindly confirmed my identification of this
species, which, thus far, has been recorded only from the type lo-
calities of Washington and California.

14. Bremus fervidus Fabr. Kempt Shore, Nova Scotia, one male
and many workers, August 11-22, 1916 (E. Mosher — Author's Col-
lection).

15. Bremus californicus F. Sm. Nogales, Arizona, four queens,
July 7-8, 1917 (E. J. Oslar— Author's Collection).

16. Bremus pennsylvanicus DeGeer. Dane County, Wisconsin,
three queens and one worker, July 2-25, 1904 (C. T. Vorhies — Uni-
versity of Wisconsin Collection): Dane County, Wisconsin, one
queen, July, 191.3, and one worker October 16, 1906 (W. S. Marshall

—University of Wisconsin Collection); Dane County, Wisconsin,
many specimens of all forms (Milwaukee Public Museum and Wis-
consin State Ent. Collection). Alpena, Michigan, one worker, Sept.
2-5, 1908 (Nason — University of Illinois Museum). Franklin asks,
"Is it present and, if so, rare or abundant in northern Wiscon-
sin ?" This species is not very rare in any part of Wiscon-
sin, but is much commoner in the southern and central parts of the
state than in the northern part. Also recorded from Wisconsin by
Graenicher, in 1911, under the name B. amcricanorum Fabr.

17. Bremus nevadensis Cress. Northern Illinois, one queen
(Bolter Collection — University of Illinois Museum).

18. Bremus fraternus F. Sm. Green Lake, Wisconsin, one work-
er, July, 1911 (University of Wisconsin Collection).

19. Psithyrus laboriosus Fabr. Digby, Nova Scotia, one female,
July 15, 1908 (Russell — Nason Collection, University of Illinois
Museum).

20. Psithyrus variabilis Cress. Raleigh, North Carolina, many
queens and males, August-November (C. S. Brimley and J. E. Eck-
ert — North Carolina State Entomologist's and Author's Collections) ;
Poy Sippe, Wisconsin, one male, July 7, 1920 (T. H. Frison — Au-
thor's Collection). Previously listed from Wisconsin by Graenichrr
in 1911, but not recorded by Franklin from this state.

21. Psithyrus crawfordi Franklin. Nogales, Arizona, three queens.
July 7-9, 1917; Oracle, Arizona, one male, June 5, 1917 (E. J. Oslat

—Author's Collection). Franklin says, "It is quite possible that

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NFAVS 147

these two specimens [the queen from California and the male from
Oregon], coming from such widely separated localities, do not be-
long to the same species, but they are so much alike in general ap-
pearance that it is my belief that ihcy belong together." The cap-
ture of both sexes within the same general region is further evi-
dence that the queen and male described by Franklin are the same
species.

22. Psithyrus ashtoni Cress. New London, Wisconsin, six males,
July 11, 1<i2() (T. H. Frison— Wisconsin State Ent. and Author's
Collections); Two Rivers, Wisconsin, twenty-eight males, August
26, 1912 (J. W. Folsom — Author's Collection); Vilas County, Wis-
consin, one queen and five males, August. I'.M:; ( \V. M. Marshall-
University of Wisconsin Collection); Madison, Wisconsin, one male,
August :>. 11)19 CZ. T. Brown — Wisconsin State Ent. Collection);
Selon Springs, Wisconsin, one queen. July 1 , I'.KI'.I i Milwaukee Pub-
lic Museum Collection); Alpena, Michigan, two small females, June
16, 1910 (Nason Collection — -University of Illinois Museum); One-
kamo, Michigan, two males, July 12, 1914 (H. MacGillivray — Author'^
Collection); Griswolda, Michigan, five males, August 21, 1915 (T. II.
Frison — Author's Collection).

23. Psithyrus tricolor Franklin. New London, Wisconsin, six-
teen males, July 11, 1020 (T. H. Frison — Wisconsin State Entomolo-
gist's and Author's Collections). This is the first record of this
species in any of the North Central States, the species being previ-
ously recorded in the United States from New York, New Hamp-
shire, Washington and Colorado.

Among a collection of bumblebees from the region of No-
gales. Oracle, and the Patagonia and Catalina Mountains. Ari-
zona, is the following new species.

Bremus (Bombus) franklini n. sp.

9. Queen. Face with black and whitish-yellow pile intermixed, the
black pile dominant, the whitish-yellow pile mo«t abundant vcntrad of
the articulation of the antennae. Occipital orbits dark, nearly destitute
of pile adjacent to outer margin of eye, somewhat coarsely and densely
punctate. Occiput with a triangular patch of nearly pure whitish-yel-
low pile. Labrum with tubercle-like areas large and well separated,
coarsely punctate; shelf-like projection moderately wide and conspicu-
ous; pile on ventral margin of labruni lorn; and ferruginous. Mandible
distinctly four-toothed, with coar e scattered punctures; pile at distal
end short, on outer proximal margin very lony, ferruginous. I'Kpeus
well punctate, particularly so in anterior corners and portion.

Malar space somewhat shorter than its width at artirnla: i.>: indi-

bles, one-half greatest width of eye, impunctate, polished. ( >< elli situ-
ated just above supra-orbital line or narrowest part of vertex; lateral
ocelli as far distant from each other as distant from median •

148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

eye; area just laterad of lateral ocelli impunctate, polished, but becom-
ing punctate again near median edge of eye. Flagellum about one and
three-fourths times as long as the scape ; third antennal segment longer
than the fifth, the fifth a trifle longer than the fourth.

Thorax with dorsal cephalic portion covered with pure yellow pile,
the yellow pile extending (except for a little black pile on the middle
of its posterior border) caudad to the cephalic margin of the scutellum.
Scutellum with pure black pile ; disk naked, impunctate, polished. Meso-
pleura, except for the yellow pile of dorsum slightly extending down
below the level of the bases of wings, jet black. Metapleura and pro-
podeum jet black.

Abdomen with the first four dorsal segments entirely jet black, the
fifth dorsal segment with some whitish-yellow pile on its lateral and
apical margins, sixth dorsal segment black. Venter black. Hypopygium
without a median carina.

Legs mostly jet black, but with some lighter or ferruginous short
pile on tarsal segments. Corbicular fringes black. Hind metatarsi dis-
tinctly arcuate.

Wings very dark, with a slight violaceous reflection.

Length, 23 mm. ; spread of wings, 44 mm. ; width of abdomen at
second segment, 10.5 mm.

Holotypc queen, July 7, 1917 (Collector E. J. Oslar). Para-
topotype queen, July 8, 1917 (Collector E. J. Oslar). Nogales,
Arizona. Male and worker unknown.

This large species, judging from the queens alone, is appar-
ently closely related to B. occidental-is Greene. It may be dis-
tinguished easily from B. occidental-is Greene and its varieties,
by the marked differences in the color pattern of the dorsum
of the thorax, apical segments, the prominent whitish-yellow
pile on the occiput, violaceous wings, and black corbicular
fringes. B. franklini also lacks the transverse yellow band on
the fourth dorsal abdominal segment, so characteristic of B.
vosnesenskii Rad. and usually of B. californicus F. Sm., two
other species with contrasting yellow and black pubescence
from this region.

I name this species in honor of Dr. Henry J. Eranklin.
whose monograph of this group of bees brought order out of
chaos in the American species.

B. franklini and B. occidcnlalis are the first species of the
Tcrrcstris Group Rad. to be found south of the southwestern
deserts (if the United States. B. franklini probably occurs in
the mountain ranges in the northwest of Mexico.

xxxii, '211 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149

Hippiscus olancha Caudell, an Apparently Unde-

described Grasshopper from California

(Orthop., Acrididae).

By A. N. CAUDELL, of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

The species here described has for some time been repre-
sented in the collection of the United States National Museum
by four specimens, three males and one female, kindly donated
by Mr. Wm. T. Davis, of Staten Island, New York. The
description of this handsome grasshopper is now ventured,
because after comparison with the Scudder Collection of
Orthoptera and a quite thorough search of the literature on
this genus of insects, it is believed to be an undescribed form.

Hippiscus olancha n. sp.

$ holotype; Olancha, California, April 24, 1917.

Head moderate in size, ashy gray in color, with obscure fuscous lat-
eral variegation, the occiput blackish ; eyes moderately prominent, red-
dish brown in color ; antennae more than one and one-half times as long
as the pronotum, slightly flattened toward the apex and gently curved,
the color blackish in about the apical two-thirds the basal third black
and ashy-banded, the basal segment wholly light ; frontal costa smooth,
deeply dentate at the median ocellus, the lateral margins slightly ele-
vated at and below the ocellar depression and continued almost to the
clypeal suture; the sides of the frontal costa are broadly expanded
opposite the ocellus and then converge to where the frontal costa meets
the scutellum of the vertex, where it is scarcely more than one-half as
broad as at the ocellar expansion; scutellum of the vertex with very
moderately elevated margins, the narrowing anterior portion rounding
into the frontal costa, from which it is separated by a shallow trans-
verse depression with a slight median logitudinal carina ; f oveolae some-
what longer than broad, anteriorly pointed, the sides slightly rounded.

Pronotum ash-gray, with numerous dark maculations ; disk flat, with
very moderately elevated rugosities, a depression on each side of the
very gently elevated median carina on the anterior part of the posterior
lobe, which is fully twice as long as the anterior lobe, the median carina
being cut by two sulci much anterior to the middle, the carina oblit-
erated between these sulci, and anterior to them scarcely attaining the
anterior truncated margin of the pronotal disk ; posterior margin of
disk rectangiilate ; lateral lobes slightly higher than long, not noticeably
narrowed mesially, the lateral sulci extending down across them as dis-
tinct depressed lines; lateral carina distinct and fairly prominent on the
posterior lobe, not, or barely, indicated anterior of the transverse sulci.

150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Abdomen uniformly yellowish in color, with the basal portion of the
dorsum somewhat darker.

Fore and intermediate legs ashy-gray with darker markings, the
spines piceous in the apical half or more; hind femora moderately ex-
panded above and below, grayish in color, with two conspicuous black
bands above, dividing the length into equal portions, the apical, and
most conspicuous, band continued entirely around the entire femora,
the anterior band only vaguely across the outer face ; lower sulci of
hind femora red on the inner longitudinal half and black on the outer,
including the inner surface of the ventrally expanded flange of the
femora ; the inner face of these femora is mostly black, the upper por-
tion, comprising the inner surface of the dorsal expanded flange, being
light with blackish markings basally and at the location of the two dor-
sal bands; posterior of the apical black band the inner surface and
ventral sulcus of the femora are uniformly light, the genicular arcs
darker, the inner one with the lower central portion black; hind tibiae
pale red, brighter on the inner side, the spines piceous in the apical half
or less ; hind tarsi yellowish, the claws black in the distal half.

Elytra grayish, with a number of moderate-sized blackish spots, segre-
gated to form three roughly-outlined transverse bands, none continuous
and probably better designated as dark areas ; apex with a few smaller
spots ; anal stripe yellow and distinct ; intercalary vein apically much
nearer the median than the ulnar vein. Wings rather slender, the black
band very narrow, but entire, continued below along the lower margin
more than half-way to the base of the wing, the humeral taenia not
quite reaching the base ; beyond the black band the apex of the wing
is hyaline with a few infuscated spots ; disk of wing red, as is also the
costal margin outside the humeral taenia, forming a very narrow stripe
not nearly as broad as the taenia; the colored disk is noticeably longer
than the greatest width.

$ allotypc; same data as the holotype.

Very like the male, but larger. Head less noticeably infuscated on the
occiput ; antennae shorter, much shorter than the pronotum, and scarcely
more flattened apically than elsewhere, the color for the entire length
ashy-gray, mottled with darker, the basal segment reddish-brown; scu-
tellum of the vertex broader than in the male. Pronotum, abdomen and
legs essentially as in the male, the hind femora being, however, more
strongly expanded. Elytra with fuscous areas more broken, forming
smaller more separated spots, several of which range along the radius
in a semi-connected row and at the humeral angle extended to the costa
as a short solid diagonal elongated spot. Wings differing from those
of the holotypic male only in being without apical fuligination beyond
the black band.

Length, antennae $ 1 1 nun., $ about 7 mm. ; pronotum $ 6.25 mm.,
9 9.5 mm.; hind femur £ 14 mm.; $ 20 mm.; elytron $ 27 mm.,

XXXli, '21 ] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 151

9 39 mm. Width, pronotum at widest point $ 4.5 mm., 9 8.5 mm. ;
elytron at middle $ 4.5 mm., ? 8 mm. ; hind femur at widest point $
4 mm., 9 6.25 mm.

Besides the holotype and allotype there are two other speci-
mens, paratypes A and B, both males with the same data.
These exhibit very little divergence from the holotype described
above. One shows the antennae somewhat more uniformly
dark for the entire length and the color of the insect as a
whole slightly more intensive, most noticeable in the darken-
ing of the pronotal disk. The size varies slightly, one specimen
showing a wing-length of 29 mm., and the other measure-
ments in about the same proportion.

The above type material is in the National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 24069.

The name of the collector of these specimens is not stated,
but Mr. Davis informs me it is G. R. Pilate.

This beautiful red- winged Hippiscus has an elytral macula-
tion somewhat similar to that of the macropterous form of
Agymnastits in gens, imparting to this more slender insect a
superficial resemblance to that rare and more robust species.

Note on the Genus Cryptonotus (Membracidae, Homop.).

In his Monograph of the Membracidae (London, 1903), G. B. Buck-
ton erected the genus Cryptonotus (p. 43) for the accommodation of a
single species Cryptonotus militaris. The species has never been men-
tioned in literature since its original description and has apparently not
been recognized. No other species have been added to the genus.

A study of a series of specimens of this species collected by Mr. 11.
L. Parish in Iquitos, Peru, Feb. 28, 1920, shows that the insect undoubt-
edly belongs in the old genus Mcmbracis. Buckton apparently sepa-
rated Cryptonotus from Membracis entirely on the character of the
wrinkled and irregular margin of the pronotum, as suggested by the
generic name. This condition is, of course, common in cabinet speci-
mens of many of the very foliaceous forms of the genus Membracis
and cannot be considered a generic or even a specific character,
insect is a well-marked and distinct species, but shows no character-,
which can be considered of generic value and the species must therefore
be placed in the genus Membracis.

The specific name militans is. however, preoccupied in the .minis
Membracis (Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. 15: 39, 1803) so that a new name must
be given to Buckton's species. This seems necessary even though the
Fahrician species has since been placed in the genus Gelastogonia.
therefore propose the name Mcinhnicis buck:- this species to take

the place of Cryptonotus militans Buckton. — \Y. I). FuNKHOUSER, Lex-
ington, Kentucky.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAY, 1921.

"This Means You."

The editors of the NEWS are particularly fortunate in that
this present number contains six articles on what may be
termed current topics by writers outside their own body. Five
of these came in without solicitation, a third was very willingly
contributed as soon as requested. We have at various times
emphasized one of the ideas included in the original announce-
ment of the NEWS, that one of its chief functions was to give
entomological news. We do not, indeed, think it desirable to
repeat items published in such of our contemporaries as are
easily accessible to our own readers. We are also mindful of
the fact that in these days of "contracted volumes," it would
not be possible to publish everything. Nevertheless, within
these limitations, it is feasible to notice many topics of interest
in our field.

Entomological publications are appearing in many different
places, entomological events of all kinds are occurring with
which one or other of our readers is much more conversant
than are the editors of the NEWS. We try to give you what
we can, at the sacrifice of time for our own studies and re-
searches. It would make this journal more useful and attrac-
tive to all if each one of you would send to the NEWS a concise
account of such important entomological happenings and re-
searches in your own special field as come to your notice. Such
items are given preference over formal papers and notes of
more technical nature.

Mr. J. H. Williamson Collecting in Florida.

Mr. Jesse H. Williamson, who last year collected Odonata and other
insects in Venezuela and Peru, as related in the NEWS, has been collect-
ing in Florida in March and April, at such points as Labelle, Moore
Haven (on part of the former site of Lake Okeechobee), Fort Myers
and the Caloosahatchie River. He had taken over 1200 specimens of
28 species of Odonata by the end of March. He expected to cross the
State to Miami.

152

xxxii, '21] EXToMOI.or.lCAl. NEWS 153

Notes and. Ne^vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee Collecting in Mexico.

Mr. K'hvard P. Van Duzee, curator of entomology at the California
Academy of Sciences, left San Francisco, March 30th, for Guaymas,
Mexico, where he will join an expedition organized by the Academy
for the scientific exploration of portions of Lower California and the
adjacent islands. He goes as entomologist of the expedition and expects
to be back in San Francisco in August.

Aid for Entomological Publications Asked.

Our mutual friend, Gustos F. F. Kohl, at Vienna, lately celebrated his
70th birthday. He is the author of several monographs, such as Die Gat-
tiingcn dcr Sphcijidix. Sphc.r. Ammophila. Podium. Sceliphron, Crabro
(palaearctic species) and of many other valuable hymenopterological
publications.

The bad conditions in Austria and the small pension he receives, don't
allow him to live at Vienna any longer. He is now residing at Trais-
mauer, near St. Polten. But the journey to Vienna is so expensive that
Mr. Kohl is not able to visit the museum and to finish a lot of publi-
cations he is preparing. It seems that publications on Russian and Si-
berian fossores are nearly ready to be printed. It is probable that Kohl
may soon finish a monograph of the difficult genus O.rybclus and com-
plete his monograph of Ainiuopliila, of which genus only the palaearc-
tic species are treated.

We think it would be deplorable indeed if these bad circumstances
would deprive us of books which may really be called standard works.

So the Swiss liymenopterists thought it might be suitable to collect
some money to enable our friend to continue his studies and to add to
his valuable publications on our beloved hymenoptera.

If you will join our collection, we beg you to kindly send your con-
tribution to one of us. — DR. THEODOR STKRK or DR. CH. FERRIEKE, Mus-
eum of Natural History, Berne, Switzerland; DR. MKU. A. v. SCHULT-
iiKss-Scinxni.i i.'. Zurich ''-I'.. \Ya-er\verkstrassc 53.

The Value of the Classics.

KUITOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS: — It is quite customary nowadays to
see the value of the classics and of the "dead" languages contemptu-
ously decried. An era of "efficiency" and of practical utility has appar-
ently little use for Latin and for Greek. May I call attention t<> a
recent instance in which a better acquaintance with the classics would
have saved an eminent author from an unfortunate misconception. In

154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

a somewhat "popular" book on our butterflies, recently published, the
author says, in describing G. interrogations :

"But Fabricius evidently never stopped to 'count two' when he saw
this, as he should have done had he been versed in the proper way of
regarding pauses, but at once named the species interrogationis, to the
utter confusion of beginners in butterfly study, who try in vain to make
the interrogation-mark out of the very plain semicolon."

The Greek interrogation mark is the same as our semicolon. A ref-
ence to this may be found in Harris' Insects Injurious to Vegetation,
edited by Charles L. Flint, Boston, Crosby and Nichols, 1863, page 299,
where a footnote reads as follows: ("This butterfly receives its name
from the Greek note of interrogation, which is identical with our semi-
colon.—Ed.")

It is perhaps too much to hope that all entomologists be Greek schol-
ars, but they would surely be better equipped, and probably happier
men, if they were. — WM. C. WOOD, New York City.

A Supplementary Note to the Biography of W. H. Patton.

EDITOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS — In the interesting biography of Wil-
liam Hampton Patton, by W. E. Britton and L. O. Howard, which
appeared in the February, 1921, number of the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
(Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 33-40), the authors fail to mention one historically
noteworthy contribution made by him which, although outside the strict
limits of entomology, is, nevertheless, of a certain entomological inter-
est, not only because it was made by Patton, but also because of its rela-
tion to the subject of insect transmission of disease. In 1895 (Amer.
Naturalist, Vol. 29, May, p. 498) he proposed the generic name Piro-
plasma for the Texas fever parasite to replace the name Pyrosoma Smith
and Kilborne, 1893 [not Pyrosoma Percn, 1804; mollusc]. Wandolleck
also in 1895 (Centralbl. f. Bakteriol., 1. Abt., v. 17, 4 Mai, pp. 554-556) rec-
ognized that Pyrosoma Smith and Kilborne was ?. homonyrn and renam-
ed it Apiosoma. This name, however, irrespective ot tlie relative dates
of publication of Patton's and Wandolleck's papers (both appeared in
May, 1895) is not available, as it is preoccupied by Apiosoma Blanchard,
1885. The standing of Patton's name Piroplasma is affected by the
name Babesia Starcovici, 1893, but there is some question as to whether
the Texas fever parasite should be considered congeneric with Babesia
botis (Babes, 1888) Starcovici, 1893, the type of Babesia, especially since
there is considerable uncertainty as to the nature of the organism de-
scribed by Babes, who originally named it Haematococcus bozns. Ac-
cordingly, if the two forms be considered generically distinct, the cor-
rect name of the Texas fever parasite is Piroplasma biyeminuin (Smith
and Kilborne, 1893) W. H. Patton, 1895, and it is by this name that it
is most generally known. — B. H. RANSOM, Chief, Zoological Division,
Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

xxxii, '21] !•:. \TOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155

Entomological Literati-ire

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHX.

l'i, ill r tli<' above heart it is intended to note papers received at the
Academj of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomologj of tin- Anierieas (North and South), including Arachnida and
M \ riopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted:
luit contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numl -<
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments. ,

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review »t Appli< d En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

10 — 'Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D.
C. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 19 —
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20 — Bulletin de la
Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 23 — Bollettino del La-
boratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, Portici, Italy. 33 — An
nales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 34 — Bul-
letin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 59 — Jour-
nal of Agricultural Research, Washington, D. C. 90 — The Ameri-
can Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 91 — The Scientific Monthly, Lan-
caster, Pa. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 114 — Ento-
mologische Rundschau, Stuttgart. 116 — Entomologische Zeitschritt,
Frankfurt A. M.

GENERAL. Baunacke, Dr. — Die spiegelnadel ein unentbehr-
liches hilfsgerat bei entomolog. Arbeiten. 114, xxxviii, 8-9. Roh-
wer, S. A. — The nomenclature of subgeneric names. (Jour. Wash.
Acad. Sci., xi, 106-9.) de la Torre-Bueno, J. R.— Entomologists-
professional and amateur. 19, xvi, 26.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, &c. Eyer, J. R.— The compara-
tive morphology of the male genitalia of the lepidopterous family
Hepialidae. 19, xvi, 1-8. Thompson, W. R. — Contributions a la
connaissance des formes larvaires des Sarcophagick->. 20, 1921, 27-
31.

HEMIPTERA. Andrews, E. A.— Periodical cicadas in Baltimore.
Mel. 91, xii, 310-20. Olsen, C. E. — Two seasons' collecting of Aphi-
didae, principally on Long Island, with notes on some of the species.
19, xvi, 14-9. Parshley, H. M. — The Montandon collection of Geo-
corinae. 19, xvi, 20-1.

Barber, H. G.— Revision of the genus Lygaeus. 10, xxiii, t;:;-S.
Malloch, J. R. — A new sp. of Erythroneura. 19, xvi, 25.

LEPIDOPTERA. Ainslie & Cartwright.— Biology of the smart-
weed borer, Pyrausta ainslici. 59, xx, 837-44. Fassl, A. H. — Callitlu-a

156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

leprieuri durcki m. subsp. nov. und uber Callithea-raupen. 116,
xxxiv, 98-9. Roeber, J. — Ueber bekannte und neue schmetter-
linge. 114, xxxviii, 7-8 (cont.) Rummel, C.— Adita chionanthi, feed-
ing on Triosteum perfoliatum. 19, xvi, 24. Strand, E. — Beitrage
zur kenntnis der verbreitung und formen exotischer Heterocera,
insbesondere Pyraliden. . . . Ill, 1919, A., 12, 114-66.

Heinrich, C. — Some lepidoptera likely to be confused with the
pink bollworm. 59, xx, 807-30.

DIPTERA. Greene, C. T.— Dipterous parasites of sawflies. 10,
xxiii, 41-3. Marchand, W. W. - The early stages of Tabanidae.
(Monog. Rockefeller Inst. Med. Res., No.. 13, 203 pp.) Shannon,
R. C. — Another anomalous dipteron added to the Rhyphidae. 10,
xxiii, 50-1.

Chapin, E. A. — Remarks on the genus Hystrichopsylla, with de-
scriptions of a n. sp. (Siphonoptera). 10, xxiii, 25-7. McAtee, W.
L.- — Description of a new genus of nemocera. 10, xxiii, 49. Sturte-
vant, A. H. — The North American species of Drosophila. (Car-
negie Inst., Wash., Pub. No. 301, 150 pp.) Van Duzee, Cole &
Aldrich. — The dipterous genus Dolichopus in North America. (Bui.
U. S. N. M., 116, 304 pp.)

COLEOPTERA. Boving, A. G.— The larva of Popilla japonica,
and a closely related undetermined Ruteline larva. A systematic
and morphological study. 10, xxiii, 51-62. Craighead, F. C.— Larva
of the North American beetle Sandalus niger. 10, xxiii, 44-8. Fleu-
tiaux, E. — Etudes sur les Melasidae. 33, Ixi, 23-41; 68-87 (Cont.)
Kleine, R.— Der Brenthidenflugel. Ill, 1919, A., 8, 1-30. Knisch,
A. — Die exotischen Hydrophiliden des Deutschen Entomologischen
Museums. Ill, 1919, A., 8, 55-88.

HYMENOPTERA. Brues, C. T.— Correlation of taxonomic af-
finities with food habits in H., with special reference to parasitism.
90, Iv, 135-64. Crampton, G. C. — Notes on the ancestry of the
hymenoptera. 10, xxiii, 35-40. Escherich, K. — Die ameise. Schil-
derung ihrer lebensweise. (Braunschweig, 1917, 348 pp.) Grandi,
G. — Studio morfologico e biologico della Blastophaga psenes. De-
scripzione di una nuova Blastophaga a maschi completamente astomi
e di una nuova Julianella di Costarica. 23, xiv, 63-204; 251-64. Keys,
J. H. — Ants' nest beetles and other myrmecophiles. (An. Rept. &
Trans. Plymouth Inst., xvi, 171-8.) Stumper, R. — Etudes sur les
fourmis. Recherches critiques sur 1'odorat. 34, iii, 24-30. Porter
& Alden. — Anaphoidea conotracheli, an egg papasite of the apple
maggot. 10, xxiii, 62-3.

Cockerell, T. D. A. — Descriptions and records of bees. 11, vii,
201-12. MacGillivray, A. D. — New species of sawflies. 19, xvi, 22-4.

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157

MONOGRAFIA DELLE CoCCINIGLIE iTAI.IAXK. GUSTAVO LEONARD!. Opera

Postum'a. Edizione curata e accresciuta di un'appendice dal Prof. F.
SILVESTRI. Portici, 1920, VI + 555 pp., 375 text figs. — In this posthu-
mous volume, edited by Professor Silvestri, there have been brought
together the results of Professor Leonardos more than twenty years of
work on the Coccidae of Italy. The result is a volume that no serious
student of the Coccidae can afford to overlook. There is but little
place among the students of this group for anyone with the provincial
viewpoint that is content to stop at national or even continental boun-
daries. The wide dispersal of many species of Coccidae through the
agencies of commerce, and even more, the remarkable peculiarities in
their natural distribution, render necessary the adoption of a cosmo-
politan attitude. Toward the acquiring of this cosmopolitanism this
monograph will be of very considerable aid. While most of the included
material has been published before it has appeared in the form of scat-
tered papers and is here for the first time brought together.

I may not here undertake any detailed review of the book, for there
is too much of its contents with which I have no acquaintance. But
there are some points to which attention may be called.

While the figures are numerous and clear, they are not especially
satisfying, particularly in the subfamily Diaspinae. Leonardi seems
too often to have been content with figuring, in the case of the adult
females, merely the margin of the pygidium, thus neglecting the dorsal
ducts which, in many species, are the most useful of all characters.
This is the more unfortunate as the complete and precise figuring of
certain of the European species that are the types of genera is especially
to be desired. Furthermore, there is in this book, as well as in Leonardi's
earlier work, a marked disregard of the commonly accepted rules of
nomenclature. The subfamily name, Hcniicoccinac. is employed, al-
though there is no genus Hcnucoccus. the onlv included genus be ins?
Kermcs. or. as it is here called, Kermncnccus. The excuse for the sub-
stitution of Krnnococcus for Kcnucs is the similaritv in nronunciation
between the latter and Chrrntrs. Unfortunate though this similarity
may be, the change is not justified under the International Code. An-
other instance of the same tvpe is the emoloyment of the subfamily
name Lecaniinnc. although this subfamily includes the genus Coccus.
which is the type of the family.

With certain of T.eonardi's conceptions of genera and even of the
larger groups I cannot agree, but these point? have in part been dis' '
cussed elsewhere and may be passed over.

The book lists 147 species, which are distributed amone 50 genera.
For a country as large as Ttalv and as favorably situated climatically,
this seems a rather small number. Indeed, from this side of the At-
lantic, it appears that the knowledge of tli- Coccidae of Europe in gen-
eral is strangely limited. Until such time as there appear^ ;i ;
dealing with the Coccidae of the entire continent, this volimie will •
tain a very large proportion of the available in formation.— G. I-'.
Stanford University, Calif.

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

REPORT UPON A COLLECTION OF COCCIDAE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. By
GORDON FLOYD FERRIS, Instructor in Entomology. Stanford University
Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences, Vol. I, No. 2, pp.
61-132, 52 text figs. 1921.— As far as Mr. Ferris is able to determine,
not a single species of Coccidae, or scale insects, has heretofore been
recorded from the peninsula of Lower California, 800 miles in length.
In the summer of 1919, with the financial support of the California
Academy of Sciences, the Department of Entomology of Stanford Uni-
versity, and the United States Bureau of Entomology, he made an ex-
pedition to the southern parts of the peninsula to extend our knowl-
edge of these insects. His itinerary was from La Paz, on the gulf
coast, by riding animals and a pack train, to San Jose del Cabo, Cape San
Lucas, Todos Santos, on the western coast, and thence across the penin-
sula back to La Paz. In the present paper he records 79 species of Coc-
cidae from the Cape region of Lower California, of which 24 are iden-
tified as having been previously recorded from the southwestern United
States or northern Mexico, and 29 as new. Several new genera are
recognized. Mr. Ferris tells us that :

"The affinities of the scale insect fauna of this region are most inti-
mately related with the fauna of southwestern United States and north-
western Mexico, which is quite in accord with the known facts con-
cerning the other groups that have been studied to any extent. What
connection, if any, there may be with the fauna of the tropical west
coast of Mexico, below Mazatlan, remains to be determined, for the
scale insects of the latter region are still almost entirely unknown.

"In general the collector in this area cannot fail to be impressed by
the absence of conspicuous forms, especially in the Coccinae. A very
large proportion of the species are only to be found by the stripping
off of loose bark, the uprooting of such things as may be uprooted, or
the digging about the roots of those that may not. Practically all of
the soft scales are attended by ants of the genus Crcmatocjasicr and are
protected by shelters of a papery consistency built by the ants across
the cracks in which the scales are hidden, 'or even over individuals that
may otherwise be freely exposed upon the twigs. It is frequently only
by the presence of the ants that any indication is given of the presence
of the scales."

To compare such slowly moving insects as the scales with those of
powerful flight is probably not very useful, but it may be of some inter-
est to point out that the collections of dragonflies, made by the expedi-
tions of the California Academy of Sciences between 1889 and 1894.
showed for the peninsula as a whole that about half the species won-
chiefly nearctic, or more widely distributed, the other half mainly neo-
tropical, the latter being still more strongly evident in the Cape region
(Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.— 2— IV, 464-466).— PHILIP P. CAI.VERT.

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOUK.ICAI, NKWS 159

AN IMPORTANT NEW WORK ox AMERICAN CADDISWORMS.

The publication in a new place of a very important entomological
paper needs, perhaps, to be called to the attention of entomologists,
especially of those who are interested in aquatic inserts. Dr. J. T.
Lloyd, of Cincinnati, formerly Instructor in Limnology in Cornell Uni-
versity, well known for his excellent short papers on the Biology of
Trichoptera, has just published the collected results of his many years'
work upon this group in a paper of 124 pages, containing more than
200 separate text figures. Its title is "The Biology of North American
Caddis Fly Larvae," and it constitutes Bulletin 21 of the Lloyd Library,
of Cincinnati.

After an excellent introduction of 13 pages, which includes tables for
the recognition of the thirteen North American families of the order,
the families are dealt with severally. There is a concise account of the
biology of each, followed by a statement of the habits and characters
of genera and species, with adequate and excellent illustrations. A
good idea of the range and completeness of the work done by Dr.
Lloyd on the Ithaca fauna is furnished by a bare list of the life histories
treated :

Phryganeidae— Brachycentrus 1 spp.

Neuronia 3 spp. Calamoceratidae—

Phryganea 3 " Ganonema 1

Limnophilidae — Odontoceridae —

Glyphotoelius 1 " Psilotreta 1 "

Limnophilus 3 Leptoceridae—

Arctoecia 1 Leptocerus 1

Astenophylax 1 Mystacides . \ 1

Pycnopsyche 1 Triaenodes 1

Platyphylax 1 " Setodes 1 "

Halesus 1 Molannidae —

Platycentropus 1 Molanna 1

Chilostigma 1 Ryacophilidae —

Neophylax 2 Ryacophila 2

Sericostomatidae — Agapetus 1

Helicopsyche 1 Glossosoma 1

Goera 1 "

Total 33 "

Resides these there is a summarized account of the families Hydro-
psychidae, Polycentropidae and Philopotomidae that have been dealt with
by Alice A. Noyes (in papers that arc as yet in part only in course of
publication).

The Psychomyiidae and the family of micros, 1 1 \ <lropt ilidar,
remain in America practically untouched.

160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | XXXli, '21

Habits, food, cases, pupation, haunts, seasonal distribution, etc., are
given throughout, as well as structures, and many interesting alterations
of cases during the life of their occupants are illustrated. It is excel-
lent pioneer work.

The bulletin is also marked upon the title page "Entomological Series
No. 1 ;" and entomologists, seeing the excellent shape in which this work
is gotten out will certainly hope that the series may be continued.—
JAMES G. NEEDHAM.

OBITUARY.

The death of Dr. ODOARDO BECCARI, on October 25, 1920.
at Florence, Italy, where he was lately Director of the Botani-
cal Garden, was announced in Science for February 11, 1921.
He explored Indo-Malaysia and Papua from 1865 to 1876
and in 1904 published in London, in English, his Wanderings
in the Great Forests of Borneo, Travels and Researches of a
Naturalist in Saraivak. He made a special study of palms but
also collected insects, his Odonata from his eastern travels, for
example, being enumerated by de Selys in the Annali of the
Genoa Museum in 1879, and he published an account of the
formicary plants of Malaysia and Papuasia in 3'falcsia, 2.

Prof. TSUNEKATA MiYAKE, of the department of zoology.
Agricultural College, Imperial University of Tokyo, died of
typhoid fever on February 2, 1921, according to Science for
March 11. He was the author of Konchugakn Hanron
Jokwan (General Treatise on Entomology), 1917, 1919, two
volumes of which were briefly and favorably reviewed by Dr.
L. O. Howard in Science for August 3, 1917 (p. 113), and
December 5, 1919 (p. 527), respectively. In the latter Dr.
Howard stated that the author expected to publish two addi-
tional volumes, but we do not know whether they have ap-
peared or not. Among the researches of Prof. Miyake were
The Life History of Panorpa Kluc/i McLaclilan (1912),
Studies on the Mccoptcra of Japan (1913) and Studies on the
Fruit Flies of Japan. I. Japanese Oruni/c Fly (1919, see EN r.
XKWS, xxx, p. 237), all published in the Journal of the Col-
Icy c of Agriculture of Tokyo University.

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G. G. MacBEAN (Dealer), Assiniboia, Sask., Canada

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To be sold singly and in lots at very reasonable prices.

Lists on Application.

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXII.

Plate III.

1, 2. — EUPHYPNORNA GRATA.

2, 3.— CHORISONEURA GATUNAE.

— HEBARD.

ENTOMOLOGICAL

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SE

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIKNCKS, I'l I I F A I >K I PI 1 1 \

VOL. XXXII

JUNE,

No.

CONTENTS

Hebard — A Note on Panamanian Bla
tidae, with the Description of a
new Genus and two new Species
(Orth ) 161

All of one Species 169

Brimley— The Bee Flies of North Caro-
lina ( Bombyliidae, Dip ) 170

Viereck — A New Pristomerlne from

California (Hym., Ichneumonidae) 172

Viereck — A New Species of Habrobra-
con(Hym., Braconidae). 174

Alexander — Undescribed Crane- Flies
from Argentina (Tipulidae, Dipt.)
Part III 175

Editorial — Depositories of Type Mate-
rial 180

Editorial— Dr. H. H. Field and the
Concilium Bibliographicum 182

Howard — The Entomological Society

of London Appeals for Aid 183

Pinchot — Prevent Forest Fires — H Pays 184
The John Macoun Memorial Fund 184
A New Entomological Journal — and in

Austria ! 184

Williamson Collecting in Florida — II.. 185

Entomological Literature 185

Review of Peterson's Some Soil Fumi-
gation Experiments with Paradi-
chlorobenzine for the Control of
the Peach-Tree Borer, Sanninoidea

exitiosa Say 189

Review of MacGillivray's The Cocci-

dae 190

Obituary— Prof Louis Compton Miall 191
Dr. H. H.Corbett.J.W. Car-
ter and J. C. Hawkshaw 192

A Note on Panamanian Blattidae, with the Descrip-
tion of a new Genus and two new Species (Orth.).
By MORGAN HEBARD, Philadelphia, Pa.

(Plate III l

During the summer of 1920, while going to and returning
from Colombia, our ship remained at Cristobal, Canal Zone,
Panama, July seventh and eighth and August eighteenth, long
enough for us to make five short excursions into the adjacent
country. In spite of frequent heavy showers we were able t<>
secure a number of species of Orthoptera, and, as the Blattidae
in the Philadelphia collections from this region have been stu-
died,1 the material representing that family is here recorded.

We were able to note several features of interest for this
region. Both visits showed that the season was not sufficient lv
advanced for the best results in collecting Orthoptera. ( >n the
first visit a high percentage of tunny species seen were imma-
ture, on the second this percentage was lower, but it wns evi
dent that, as in Colombia, September would probablv reveal the
largest number of species present in the ndult condition.

'Mem. Am. Ent. Soc., No. 4. pp. 1 to 14S, (1920)

Mil

162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

The rain hampered collecting mainly by making it almost
impossible to beat the vegetation. A water-soaked net cannoc
be properly handled, and the drenched foliage prevents main
specimens from falling into the net. On the other hand many
individuals could be located even during showers and, as soon
as the rain stopped, insect life appeared on all sides in favorable
situations.

Night work proved on the whole disappointing, due appar-
ently in large part to the fact that few species could be heard
stridulating. Such work would probably have proven more
profitable later, when adults, particularly of the species of Tet-
tigoniidae, would be present in much larger numbers. The
Blattidae are nocturnal and many species missed in searching
their retreats during the day may be secured at night. Such
was true in the case of Euhypnorna grata here described, the
only specimen of which was easily secured at night, being found
resting on the upper surface of a green leaf on the edge of a
heavy tangle of vegetation.

Only in areas of heavy tangled vegetation, growing on
low wet ground, was material found abundantly. Collecting
on higher ground proved very unproductive, both in brushy
and forested areas, while over extensive pasture lands the only
material of interest was taken from under the dead bark of
decaying logs.

The localities visited were Paris Field on July 7 and August
18 (referred to below as P7 and P18 respectively), and Gatun
on July 8 (referred to below as G).

Adding the additional genus and three species here recorded,
which were hitherto unknown from Panama, the total number
of Blattidae recorded from this region is now fifty-four genera
and one hundred and six specie.-. The rich character of the
region is better understood when we realize that but forty-nine
species and races of the Blattidae are known from all of North
America north of the Mexican boundary.

Lissoblatta fiilgida (Saussure). Pi, 2 $. Both of these males are
very dark and immaculate in coloration. Very few specimens
were found.

Anaplecta cabimae Hebard. P7, 2$; G, 1 9. A very few speci-
mens were seen at Paris Field; these were found at night on the
leaves of a twenty-foot high reed or grass.

xxxii. '21] roMOtociCAL \r.\vs

Ceratinoptera picta Brunner. G, 2^,8 9,4 juv. These specimen?
were found in moderate numbers under the bark of decaying logs
and were more active than individuals of the other species found
there, running about hurriedly when disturbed. Two females have
the cotlit'ca extruded, v. ith suture dorsad. Tlv/ usual decided size
variation in the organs of flight i^ -,ho-,vn by this series. The
males and to a less degree two females, have on the pronotum a
pale meso-caudal marking. The other females and all of the
juveniles have the pronotum very dark, paling only in a very small
area toward the latero-caudal angles. The juveniles are very
dark except in that area and on the metanotum, the proximal
portion of which is transparent whitish. This gives them a
peculiar once-banded facies, particularly noticeable in life.

Eudromiella bicolorata Hebard. P7, 1$.

Latiblattella inornata Hebard. P~, 1 9 ; P18, 1 juv. These speci-
mens wen; found uVider the palm trees in decaying leaf mould
and litter.

Rhytidometopum megalopterum Hebard. P7, 1 juv.

Cariblatta imitans Hebard. P7, 1 $ ; Pl8, 1 $,2 $.

Neoblattella fratercula Hebard. Pl8, 1 juv. in instar preceding
maturity.

Neoblattella impar Hebard. Pl8, 1 $.

Neoblattella nahua (Saussure and Zehntner). P7, 2 9.

Neoblattella fraterna (Saussure and Zehntner). P7, 4 $ . 5 9;
1'is. 5 $,4 9; G, 1 $. At Paris Field this species was com-
mon in decaying leaf mould and litter on bare moist ground
under palms, while individuals were occasionally found at night,
climbing about in the luxuriant vegetation Specimens were also
taken from the dead leaves of Cccroplu sp

Ischnoptera rufa rufa ( De Geer). FT, 4 3,1 9,2 juv. The few
adults in this small scries >hn\\ the interocular width to vary
from four-fifths that between the ocelli to slightly greater than
that dimension. The immatures Inve the dorsal surface blackish,
showing scarcely any trace of a brown tinge, the latter being
the usual coloration of immatures of the species. The species
was not scarce in decaying Uai mould and litter 01. bare moi-t
ground under palms.

Xestoblatta festae (Griffini). 1'T, 1 f ; G. 1 9.

EUHYPNORNA new genus.

This new genus belong to the s;ime category as I [\pnonui.
H \pnornoiilcs and CaHiy^nornn. The small species included
resemble certain forms of Col . -md, tlmu^li delicate in

structure, have a ii" ] ruiiclum and tes^mina than

the genera to which apparc'iitly nearest relationship is shown.

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

i

These genera we place at the end of the Corydiinae' and,
though very distinct, are in our opinion clearly of closer affinity
to the other genera included in that subfamily than to Oxyhaloa.
Chorisoneura and the remaining genera we have recognized, at
least tentatively, as members of the subfamily Oxyhaloinae.
Material representing a sufficient number of the genera and
species of these subfamilies is at present not available for the
thorough rearrangement evidently needed.

To the genus Hypnorna nearest affinity is indicated, Euh\p-
norna differing in the male sex in the narrower interocular
width, pronotum with caudal margin very broadly convex in-
stead of truncate, tegmina which do not taper distad and con-
sequently are more broadly rounded at the apices and tegminal
discoidal sectors which are longitudinal "instead of oblique.2
Numerous other distinctive generic differences will probably
be found when Hypnorna can be more fully characterized.

Genotype. — Huhypnorna grata new species.

Generic Description (based on male sex). — Size small, form
slender. Surface of head, pronotum and tegmina well sup-
plied with erect, elongate, scattered hairs. Head with eyes
very large and interocular space comparatively narrow, ocelli
absent. Antennae supplied with a not unusual number of short
hairs. Pronotum symmetrically trapezoidal with margins
weakly convex and angles broadly rounded, lateral margins
weakly divergent caudad, latero-caudal sulci weakly indicated
and very broad. Tegmina elongate and narrow, with margins
parallel to near the distal portion, discoidal sectors longitudinal
except at sutural margin. Wings with costal veins not clubbed,
mediastine vein extending over two-thirds distance to apex of
wing, discoidal vein with one branch, ulnar vein with one
branch, intercalated triangle large and distinct. Dorsal surface
of abdomen with sixth tergite specialized. Subgenital plate

2Compared with Saussure and Zehntner's more detailed description of
Hypnorna, the present genus is seen to differ further in having the head
without a carina and sulcus between face and vertex, the wings with
costal veins not clubbed distad and the ulnar vein with a single complete
branch. These features may be found in blanda Saussure and Zehntner,
but we cannot determine whether they are true for the genotype,
meli Stal.

XXXl'i, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.WS 165

asymmetrical, with two simple styles. Ventro -cephalic margin
of cephalic femora supplied distad with well-spaced, minutely
microscopic, short but heavy spinulae, terminated by two elon-
gate spines. Caudal margins of femora unarmed, except for a
distal spine on one of the median femora, cephalic margins of
median femora armed with two and one distal elongate spines
and with a similar genicular spine.3 Minute pulvilli present
on four proximal tarsal joints. Arolia present between the
simple, symmetrical tarsal claws.

In the type of Hypnornoides burn Rehn, the small spines
of the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora are pili-
form and much more numerous, large pulvilli are present on
the four proximal tarsal joints and large arolia are present be-
tween the simple, strongly asymmetrical tarsal claws. That
genus, known only from the female sex, appears to be ex-
tremely close to Hypnorna and may indeed represent the female
sex of the genotype. Intmnicli Stal.

Euhypnorna grata new species (Plate III, figures 1, 2).

Late at night, while shining the foliage on the swampy jungle
border with a hand electric flash lamp, what appeared to be a
small beetle was noticed, resting longitudinally on the surface
of a leaf. That specimen was seized and placed in the cyanide
bottle. It was not until we had returned to the ship and were
packing the material taken that we found that insect to be a
remarkable cockroach upon which specimen the present new
genus and species is based.

The blackish-brown pronotum with narrow hyaline lateral
margins, and tegmina, which are blackish mummy brown prox-
imacl, weak ochraceous-tawny in all other portions, give this
species a strikingly bicolored appearance, not shared by any of
the species of the related genera.

Type. — <3 ; Paris Field, Cristobal, Canal Zone, Panama. July
7, 1920. (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type No. 762.]

We add the- following characters of specific value to those
•given in the generic description:

Eyes very large, occipital ocular depth equal to width between anten-
nal sockets, interocular space two-fifths that width; that area and the

3The caudal femora are missing in the single specimen before us.

166 ENTOMOLOGICAL Nl | xxxii, '21

surface ventrad with minute irregular impressed lines and dots, but
with no transverse ridge or sulcus. Maxillary palpi short, third joint
two-thirds as long as the large fifth joint, fourth joint threfe-quarters as
long as third, widening evenly distad.

Lateral marginal portions of pronotum very narrow, deplanate. Teg-
mina with marginal field very narrow and curled dorsad at costal mar-
gin; discoidal sectors (five) longitudinal, the last sending (one and
three) branches to the sutural margin. Wings very delicate, with con-
spicuous cross-veins between mediastine and discoidal veins, between
discoidal vein and its branch and less decided between ulnar vein and its
branch.

Dorsal surface of abdomen with latero-caudal angles of seven tergites
bluntly rounded, of eighth very broadly rounded. Sixth tergite with a
large, deeply concave, transverse oval depression mesad, containing a
prominence meso-caudad which bears a heavy tuft of agglutinated hairs
directed cephalad. Eighth tergite with caudal margin above supra-anal
plate broadly and roundly obtuse-angulate emarginate. Supra-anal plate
with length two-fifths basal width, very slightly produced at bases of
cerci, the caudal margin between these nearly transverse, very weakly
convex. Sinistral plate of concealed genitalia produced meso-dorsad
in a fang-like tooth. Subgenital plate slightly more produced dextrad
than sinistrad, the similar styles small, simple, cylindrical, about twice
as long as greatest width with apices bluntly rounded, sinistral style
at internal margin of cercus, dextral style decidedly mesad of the homo-
logous point dextrad, free margin laterad to these styles irregularly
convex, between them irregularly concave.

Head, palpi and ventral surfaces of thoracic segments blackish mum-
my brown. Mouthparts and proximal joints of antennae dresden brown,
remaining portions of antennae blackish mummy brown, except for a
meso-distal annulus of light buff, occupying seven joints.

Pronotum blackish mummy brown, .except the narro\v lateral portions
which are hyaline, very faintly tinged with ochraceous-tawny. Teg-
mina proximad, in area as long as head and pronotum, translucent
mummy brown, as dark as pronotum when closed ; remaining portions
transparent, tinged with ochraceous-tawny, this very weak in area of
dextral tegmen, concealed when at rest, the veins of which area are
weakly stained with mummy brown in the distal portion.

Dorsal and ventral surfaces of abdomen huffy tinged with tawny,
becoming blackish mummy brown distad, sixth tergite with tuft of
agglutinated hairs tawny. Cerci light ochraceous-tawny.

Cephalic coxae and all but distal portions of median and caudal coxae
blackish mummy brown, the distal portions of the latter ochraceous-
buff with a tawny tinge. Cephalic femora blackish mummy brown,
becoming ochraceous-buff with a tawny tinge dorsad, median femora
ochraceous-buff with a tawny tinge, becoming blackish mummy brown

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 1 <>7

\ Liitrad. T.i'iae blackish mummy brown, tarsi ochraceous-buff tinged
with tawny.

Length of body 8.2, length of pronotum 1.9, width of pronotum 2.1,
length of tegmen 8.3, width of tegmen 2, length of wing 8.2, width of
wing 5.6 mm.

Euphyllodromia angustata (Latreille). P7, 3 3,5 9. These speci-
mens were beaten from tall herbage growing under tall scat-
tered trees on a low hill.

Zpilampra azteca Saussure. P 7, 1 $, 1 juv.; G, 1 9 . This species
was very scarce at Paris Field under the palm trees in decaying
leaf mould and litter. The immature specimen jumped actively
about like a cricket. Though we have noted that many cock-
roaches will spring from one projection to another when running
about and will also often leap into the air when taking flight, this
is the first time we have observed an individual leaping constantly
about in its efforts to escape capture. At Gatun a single speci-
men was found under the decaying bark of a log.
Epilampra maya Rehn. P'7, 3 $ , 2 juv.

Panchlora cubensis Saussure. Pl8, 1 $ ; G, 1 9 , 2 juv. At Paris
Field an individual was beaten from low foliage. At Gatun, under
the bark of decaying logs, juveniles were occasionally met with
and a single adult was found.

Phortioeca phoraspoides (Walker). G, 1 9,2 juv. These three
specimens were found under a single piece of decaying bark on
a log at Gatun.

Compsodes delicatulus (Saussure and Zehntner). G, 1 9. This
specimen was taken at Gatun, from under the decaying bark of a
log, in company with numerous examples of Ceratinoptera picta
Brunner.

Compared with a Guatemalan female before us, the present speci-
men is seen to have the pronotum proportionately slightly broader,
marginal areas of the dorsal surface slightly paler and extending
to apex of abdomen, not confined to the four proximal segments as
in that specimen, but lateral areas of mesonotum and metanotum
less contrastingly pale. These features may indicate individual
variation, or constitute valid specific diagnostic criteria, showing
the presence of two distinct species. Additional material will be
needed before this problem can be solved. This genus was pre-
viously known from Panama only from males of C. citcullatiis
(Saussure and Zehntner).
Chorisoneura parish! Rehn. P7, 1 3,1 9 ; PJ8, 19,2 juv. G, 2 £ ,

3 juv.
Chorisoneura gatunae new species (Plate III, figures a, I).

This species agrees closely with C. transhicida (Saussure),
the male before us differing in the head with two transverse

168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

whitish interocular bands, of which the dorsal is the wider,
separated by a dark brown band of intermediate width and
with the whitish bands margined with a broad suffusion of
brown dorsad and a darker narrow margin of brown ventrad.
The styles are also much more elongate, with internal portions
decidedly more produced than external portions and narrow
interval between the bases of the styles apparently unspecial-
ized.

Type. — $ ; Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama. July 8, 1920. (M.
Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type No. 763.]

Size medium for the small species of the genus, form depressed, sur-
face glabrous. Head with occiput largely exposed. Interocular space
about one and one-third times the occipital ocular width, slightly over
three-quarters the width between the antennal sockets. Maxillary palpi
with fifth joint enlarged and elongate, slightly shorter than third joint,
fourth joint three-fifths as long as third.

Pronotum transverse, subelliptical, greatest width slightly cauded of
median point; cephalic margin distinctly though broadly convex, caudal
margin transverse, feebly convex; latero-cephalic angles distinctly more
broadly rounded than latero-caudal angles. Tegmina reaching nearly as
far caudad as cerci, strongly elongate lanceolate, much as in transludda;
costal and sutural margins evenly and feeblv convergent, straight from
proximal third to the sharply rounded apex; discoidal vein with (ten
to eleven appreciable) costal veins, which are almost straight, discoidal
sectors (eight) oblique.4

Subgenital plate small, brief lateral margins concave and nearly
transverse each side of the large styles, this emargination deeper and
broader dextrad than sinistrad ; interval between styles very small, tri-
angular and apparently unspecialized. Styles similar, elongate com-
pressed structures, much longer than in translncida, each with external
section heavy, vertical in transverse section, tapering to its apex which
rounds into the external margin of the internal section; that section
longer, delicate, horizontal in transverse section, with ventral surface
concave longitudinally, of equal width to near apex, there a narrowing
is caused by a convexity of the external margin, which results in the
immediate apex being narrowly though not sharply rounded. Arma-
ment of limbs, tarsi, pulvilli, arolia and tarsal claws as in the related

species.5

4We have not examined the wings or dorsal surface of the abdomen
in this delicate unique. To do so might have caused serious damage and
we feel that the species is readily recognizable without these parts being
described.

described Mem. Am. Km. Soc., No. 4, p. 132, (1920).

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169

Head with vertex weak ochraceous-tawny, a moderately broad trans-
verse band of light buff between the eyes, margined dorsad with a
broad but weak suffusion of cinnamon brown, below the light band a
slightly narrower band of blackish mummy brown, below this a narrow
band of light buff, which margins the eyes laterad to the ocellar spots,
this bordered ventrad in all but brief lateral portions by a scarcely
wider but heavy suffusion of mummy brown ; remaining portions of
head, antennae and palpi light ochraceous-buff.

Pronotum with disk weak ochraceous-tawny, remaining portions
hyaline, faintly tinged with the same color, this more apparent along
the caudal margin. Tegmina hyaline tinged with light ochraceous-tawny,
this faint along the costal margin, veins and interspaces between them not
contrastingly colored. Wings transparent, tinged with ochraceous-
tawny, heavily clubbed apices of costal veins opaque, light buff.

Ventral surface of abdomen light ochraceous-tawny, becoming slightly
darker distad, the free margins of the sternites tinged with light buff,
narrowly caudad and more broadly laterad and appearing more opaque,
subgenital plate wholly light ochraceous-tawny.

Length of body 7.6, length of pronotum 1.8, width of pronotum 2.7,
length of tegmen 6.9, width of tegmen 2.1 mm.

This specimen was beaten from the large, leathery leaves of a small
tree, growing in the open on a grassy hillock. This tree was infested
with a long, slender, pale yellowish ant, which bit painfully.
Chorisoneura cabimae Hebard. G, 1 9 .
Chorisoneura specilliger Hebard. P~, 1 juv. ; G, 3 <J . At Gatun

three males were beaten from the foliage of large leaved trees of

the same species, on the bank of the French Canal.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

Fig. 1. Euhvpnorna grata new species. Dorsal view of male type.
(X 7).

Fig. 2. Euhypnorna grata new species. Ventral outline of subgenital
plate of male type. (Greatly enlarged.)

Fig. 3. Chorisoneura galunac new species. Cephalic view of occiput o.f
male type. (Greatly enlarged.)

Fig. 4. Chorisoneura gatunac new species. Ventral view of sul>
genital plate of male type. (Greatly enlarged.)

All of One Species!

At the Annual Exhibition of the South London F.ntomological and
Xatural History Society on November 25, 1920, Lord Rothschild ex-
hibited the series of 1277 specimens of Abra\<is (/r:>ssnlnria'a L. from
the British collection of the Tring Museum: they consisted of the series
from the Bright and Gibb collection, and those rollreted In himself;
the larger number of the more extreme varieties have been bred by the
Rev. Gilbert Raynor. (lint. Mo. Mag., March. lfLM. p. (.S'.")

170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

The Bee Flies of North Carolina (Bombyliidae, Dip.).

By C. S. BRIMLEY, N. C. Dept. of Agriculture, Div. of
Entomology, Raleigh, N. C.

The following is a summary of our Bombyliid records to
date, the initials following the records being those of the fol-
lowing persons who have collected specimens of this group :
F. Sherman, Chief of the Division ; R. S. Woglum, G. M.
Bentley, R. W. Leiby, T. B. Mitchell, C. L. Metcalf, S. W.
Foster and C. S. Brimley, his assistants at various times.

Anastoechus nitidulus Fab. Southern Pines, Sept., 1906, RSW:
Wilmington, Sept. 19, Oct. 4, 1919, M. Kisliuk, Jr.

Anthrax alternata Say. Blowing Rock, July 24, 1904, FS.

Anthrax celer Wiedemann. Raleigh, common mid-July to mid-
September on flowers of water parsnip and wild carrot. Beaufort.
Aug. 11, 1902, FS.

Anthrax ceyx Loew. A very dark specimen of this group taken
at Highlands, Sept., 1906, by R. S. Woglum; doubtfully referred
here; the third posterior cell is undivided.

Anthrax fulvohirta Wied. Raleigh, common early June to early
September. Beaufort, late June and early August, FS. Southern
Pines, mid-August, FS.

Anthrax gracilis Macq. Cranberry, June 10, H. W. Wenzel, re-
ceived from C. W. Johnson.

Anthrax halcyon Say. Raleigh, rnid and late June, four, CSB and
CLM; Southern Pines, one without date from A. H. Manee, one col-
lected Sept., 1906, RSW; Lumberton, Oct. 8, 1920, three, TBM. All
these are much paler than the Highlands "ceyx," and have the third
posterior cell transversely divided by a cross vein.

Anthrax hypomelas Macq. Burnsville, Oct. 3, 1902, Blowing Rock,
July 24, 1904, Watauga County, July 22, 1904. All mountain locali-
ties and all FS records.

Anthrax lucifer Fab. Previous to last year we had only taken
three specimens at Lumberton, Sept. 6, 1902, FS; Fayetteville, July
10, 1903, SWF, and Raleigh, Oct. 20, 1916, CSB; but in 1920 the
species was common at Raleigh, from early September to early
November, and was also taken at Laurinburg, Gibson. WTadesboro
and Maxton, all near the South Carolina line, by T. B. Mitchell in
early and mid-October.

Anthrax lateralis Say. Common, May to early November. Locali-
ties: Raleigh, Beaufort, Terra Ceia, Whiteville, White Lake, South-
ern Pines, Gibson, Elizabethtown, Highlands and Blowing Rock.
Bred from pupae of Plathypena scabra by R. W. Leiby at Terra
Ceia in August and September, 1919.

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171

Anthrax sinuosa Wied. Raleigh, late May to mid-September, not
common, CSB & FS.

Anthrax tegminipennis Say. Oct. 4, 1919, M. Kisliuk, Jr.

Bombyiius azaleae Shannon. Raleigh, not uncommon in late April,
CSB, Norlina, April 21, 1903, FS; Spruce (Sunburst), late May,
common, FS and CSB; Black Mountain, May 2\, l'.)()4, CSB; White
Lake, mid-April, 1910, FS; Lake Waccamaw, April 23, 1920, R\Yl..

B'ombylius incanus Johnson. Havelock (Lake Ellis), late May,
1907, common, FS.

Bombylius major Linn. Common in late March and in April.
Raleigh, Southern Pines (earliest date March 12, 1913, common,
CLM.), Lake Waccamaw, Burgaw.

Bombylius pulchellus Loew. Spruce (Sunburst), late May, 1912,
two, CSB.

Bombylius pygmaeus Fab. Raleigh, not common, in April and
early May, CSB; Spruce (Sunburst), common in late May, 1912-1:;,
CSB; Asheville, April 20, 1905, FS.

Bcmbylius subvarius Johnson. White Lake, late May, 1909, one,

TTC

rb.

Bombylius varius Fab. Late April and May, rather common.

.ileigh, Charlotte, Blowing Rock, Southern Pines, Hendersonville.

Exoprosopa decora Loew. Old Fort, Aug. 11, 190>3, SWF, late
Oct., 1920, FS.

Exoprosopa eremita O. S. Southern Pines, Aug. ir>, 1902, FS,
Lakeview, June 12, 1912, CSB.

Exoprosopa emarginata Macq. Raleigh, June 21, 24, 1904, CSB;

uthern Pines, June 6, 1906, RSW: Elkin, June IS, 1901, FS.

Exoprosopa fasciata Macq. Late July to mid-September common,
Raleigh, Oakdalc, Southern Pines, Beaufort, Newton.

Exoprosopa fascipennis Say. June to September, common,
Raleigh, Southern Pines, Brinklcyville, Beaufort, Blowing Rock,
Lakeview, Statesville.

Exoprosopa titubans O. S. Raleigh, July 15, 1902, FS.

Geron senilis Fabr. Rather common at Raleigh, from mid-Jim,
to late September on flowers of Helcnium tenuifolium.

Pseudogeron sigma Coq. "North Carolina. H. K. Morrison,"
Coquillett Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, 101.

Sparnopolius fulvus Wied. Abundant in fall, at Raleigh from mid-
September to early November. Throughout the state.

Spogostylum analis Wied. Raleigh, early July, 1903, FS, Sept.
5, 1919, CSB; Beaufort, mid-Aug., 1902, FS; Elkin, mid-June, 19(il.
I;S; Pendleton, June 7, C. W. Johnson; Andrews, Aug. 19. r.ioi,
FS; Lexington, early August, 1910, G. B. Lay.

Spogostylum argyropyga Wied. Raleigh, June, not common, CSB.

Spogostylum cephus Fab. Raleigh, June 2:;, 1920, CSB.

Spogostylum limatulus Say. Raleigh, June 19, 1919, CSB: Whit.
Lake, early June, 1915, FS.

172 . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Spogostylum oedipus Fabr. Raleigh, mid-August to mid-Septem-
ber, CSB; Spruce (Sunburst), late May, 1912, CSB; Andrews, mid-
August, 1904, FS.

Spogostylum simson Fabr. Has been received from Raleigh,
Southern Pines, Andrews, Bushnell, Stecoah, Lexington and Ashe-
ville, at dates varying from July 16 to September 1. Never com-
mon. Has been known to be attracted by the smell of fresh paint,
and also, like others of the genus, seems to have tendency to alight
on human beings, possibly attracted by the smell of perspiration.
Not recorded so far east of Raleigh.

Systoechus vnlgaris Loew. Raleigh, August 30, 1904, CSB; South-
ern Pines, August 15, 1902, FS; Bushnell, September, 1904, GMB.

Systropus imbecillus Karsch. Early and mid-September, not un-
common in open woods, CSB; Wadesboro, Oct. 23, 1920, TBM;
Lucama, Sept. 27, 1920, TBM.

Systropus macer Loew. Raleigh, July 21, 1912, one bred from
pupa of Euclea delphinii, CSB, early September, one, FS. Lucama,
Sept. 27, 1920s two, TBM.

Toxophora amphitea Walker. Raleigh, late July, 1912, early Au-
gust, 1914, mid-July, 1916, CSB.

Toxophora leucopyga Wied. Early July, 1910, CSB, late July,
1912, CLM, three specimens taken at Raleigh. Of these one has
three submarginal cells in each wing, a second has two in each
wing, while the third has two in one wing and three in the other.

A New Pristomerine from California
(Hym., Ichneumonidae).

By HENRY L. VIERECK, U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey,

Washington. D. C.

The Pristomerinae are a subfamily of Ichneumon-flies, the
species of which are so far known to be parasitic on moths of
the families Tortricidae and Gelechiidae. The host relation-
ship of the present species is as yet unknown.
Neopristomerus woodworthi n. sp.

Type and allotypc. — No. 33, on deposit at the California
Academy of Sciences from the University of California. Type
locality. — Berkeley, California, May 20, '07. Collector. — Prof.
C. W. Woodworth.

9 Type. — Length 7.5 mm. ; sheaths of ovipositor almost as long as
the abdomen ; of the North American species of the tribe Pristomerini
this agrees best with Neopristomerus ? coloradensis Brues, as originally
described; black; head, legs and abdomen partly reddish; front exca-
vated above the antennae, shagreened and dullish ; clypeus convex, shin-
ing, the anterior two-thirds mostly reddish, its anterior edge rounded ;

XXxii, '21] ENTOM CLOCK Al. \K\VS

mandibles bidentate, yellowish with black tips ; face below antennae
punctured, dullish and distinctly clothed with silvery pubescence, tem-
ples finely reticulated, a reddish brown orbital line extending along
the eye-margin from over half-way down on the inner margin to nearly
all the way down along the outer margin of the eyes; antennae blackish
throughout, first joint of flagel four times as long as thick, second and
third joints each shorter than the first, subequal and at least three times
as long as thick, the succeeding joints also subequal in length, becoming
quadrate at the 28th joint, then thicker than long with the exception of
the terminal joint, which is a little more than twice as long as thick;
palpi blackish at base, then fuscous, lateral ocelli nearer to the eye-
margin than to each other.

Thorax black and punctured, its pleurae especially pubescent like tin-
face, notauli distinct anteriorly, tegulae and wing bases yellowish ; wings
transparent with a brownish tinge, stigma and veins dark brownish ex-
cept toward the wing-base, where the veins become yellowish, transverse
cubitus a little longer than the cubital abscissa between the transversq
cubitus and the recurrent vein, the latter a little longer than the brown-
ish portion of the cubitus beyond the recurrent vein, second abscissa
of the discoidal vein a little longer than the third abscissa of the dis-
coidal vein, nervellus slightly angulated at the middle, from which,
point there extends toward the anterior edge of the hind wing a bulla,
representing the subdiscoidal vein; legs mostly reddish stramineous, fore
and mid coxae brownish stramineous beneath, blackish above, hind
coxae and proximal trochanters mostly blackish, fore and mid tarsi
stramineous to brownish stramineous except their onychii and their
appendages, which are fuscous, distal trochanters of hind legs blackish
in part, hind tibiae at base and apex and hind tarsi throughout fuscous ;
propodeum pubescent like the face, its carinae well developed, cxc<.-;it
the longitudinal carinae, which are poorly developed between the basal
and apical transverse carinae, basal area narrowly truncate posteriorly,
the areola with a central impunctate area, the petiole area apparently as
long as the areola, but wider, both the areola and the petiole area not
much longer than wide, the latter transversely striate.

Abdomen mostly reddish and polished, petiole black except at base
and beneath where it is translucent brownish, post petiole black except
at apex, where it is translucent brownish, and beneath, where it is yel-
lowish, second dorsal segment mostly black, finely striate laterally, the
apical half mostly reddish, second ventral segment yellowish, third to
fifth dorsal segments inclusive reddish with a blackish border along the
lateral margin and with a blackish stnak down the back that is inter-
rupted on the apical hall" of the third segment, seventh and eighth dor-
sal segments mosllv blackish.

I

.///o/ v/v-l<>cali!\ —San Diego, ( alifornia, April 2''. 1913,

collector E. P. Van | )u/cc

174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

$. Agrees with the description of the type except as follows:—)
Length 6 mm. ; reddish brown orbital line not extending as far as half-
way down along the inner eye-margin, twenty-eighth and following!
joints of the flagel apparently a little longer than thick, penultimate
joint apparently as long as thick, last joint apparently twice as long as
thick; second abscissa of the discoidal vein distinctly shorter than the
third abscissa of the discoidal vein, nervellus angulated a little above
the middle ; hind femora blackish along the edge between the great
tooth and the apex of the femur; areola nearly twice as long as broad,
the dorsal, abdominal blackish streak represented by a basal, median,
blackish mark on the third to fifth segments.

A New Species of Habrobracon (Hym., Braconidae).

By HENRY L. VIERECK.

The species of this genus are on record as parasites of many
species of moths, the most notable of which is the Mediter-
ranean Flour Moth. The host relationship of the present
species is unknown.

Habrobracon diversicolor n. sp.

Type. — No. 124, on deposit at the California Academy of
Sciences from the University of California. Type-locality-
Berkeley, California.

9 Type. — Length 2.5 mm.; related to H. variabilis Cushman ; black
and finely sculptured, a yellowish, interrupted orbital mark along the
inner and upper eye-margin, lowest part of the outer eye-margin with
a brownish mark, a brownish mark on each side of the face adjoining
the antennal scrobes, clypeus and lower edge of malar space brownish,
mandibles yellowish with dark tips, scape blackish, pedicel and lower
half of flagel dark brownish, apical half of flagel blackish, flagellar
joints subequal, the first joint the longest and the last joint the shortest,
all the joints longer than thick, the first joint at least twice as long as
thick.

Tegulae blackish brown ; wings with a brownish tinge, stigma and
veins brownish stramineous, costa brownish; coxae blackish, rest of!
legs mostly reddish brown, tarsi, forelegs and mid femora more or less
infuscated.

Abdomen, finely, reticulately sculptured above, smooth, blackish, except
for the apical margin of the, first segment, the lateral margin of second
to fifth segments inclusive and most of the rest of the third and basal
half of the fourth segments, which are reddish brown, seventh segment,
ventral segments, yellowish and brownish ; abdomen nearly twice as long-
as wide and apparently a little wider than the thorax, sheaths of the ovi-
positor apparently two-thirds as long as the abdomen.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175

Undescribed Crane-Flies from Argentina
(Tipulidae, Dipt.)— Part III.

By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Urbana, Illinois.

The types of the novelties described in this paper are pre-
served in the collection of the writer, except where indicated
as occurring in the Museum of La Plata. The writer is
greatly indebted to Dr. Bruch and Engineer Weiser for their
kind co-operation in making known the interesting crane-fly
fauna of Argentina.

Rhipidia subtertninalis new species.

Antennae dark brown ; mesonotum yellowish fawn color, the praescu-
tum with a broad dark brown median stripe ; pleura brownish yellow
with two narrow dark brown longitudinal stripes ; femora obscure yel-
low with a narrow dark brown subterminal ring ; wings brown, the cos-
tal region variegated with dark brown and subhyaline ; basal deflection
of Cul at the fork of I\f ; abdomen reddish orange, segments six and
seven black.

9 . Length 7.8 mm. ; wing 8.7 mm. Rostrum chestnut brown ; palpi
dark brown. Antennae dark brown, the first segment pruinosc; flagel-
lar segments unipectinate. Head dark with a sparse yellow pollen.

Mesonotal praescutum fawn-colored, yellowish pollinose, with a
broad, median, dark brown stripe, broadest and most distinct on the
posterior half ; lateral stripes barely indicated ; scutal lobes dark brown ;
scutellum and anterior part of postnotum brown, the posterior half of
the latter more fulvous. Pleura light brownish yellow, pollinose, with
two narrow and indistinct dark brown longitudinal stripes, the more
ventral traversing the liases of the coxae and the dorsal portions of
the mesosternum. Halteres dark brown, bases of stem yellow. Legs
with the coxae yellow, dark brown basally; femora obscure yellow with
a narrow dark brown subterminal ring; tibiae and tarsi brownish black.
\Yines with a strong brownish tinge, with large, dark brown and sub-
hyaline blotches, more evident along the costal region ; the dark brown
areas include cell C\ Sc except three narrow yellowish areas; con-
spicuous brown clouds at stigma, origin and fork of Rs; tip of Sc ;
along the cord and outer end of cell 1st .1/2 and the dark centers of
cells 2nd R\. R3 and less distinctly, R5 and 2nd M2\ the subhyaline
areas appear in cell R before the origin of Rs; beneath Rs: in cells
\st R\, 2nd R\ and R3 ; a rounded subhyaline area in cell 1st A at the
end of vein 2nd A ; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc long, Scl ending
about opposite two-fifths Rs, Sc2 at the extreme tip of Sc\ and much
longer than Sc] alone; no supernumerary cross-vein in cell Sc; inner
end of cell 1st M2 arcuated; basal deflection of Cul at the fork of M.

Abdomen reddish orange ; segments six and seven black ; lateral mar-
gins of the tergites narrowly darkened.

Habitat : Argentina. Holntype, 9 , I^a Plata, Bosque, May
23, 1920 (C. Bruch), in the collection of the Museum of La
Plata.

Rhipidia microsticta new species.

(ieneral coloration brownish buff; antennae brown, only 'the pedicels
of the flagellar segments paler ; mesonotal praescutum with an inter-
rupted median stripe and short lateral stripes ; pleura buffy with two

176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

narrow and indistinct longitudinal brown stripes : femora brownish
yellow with a narrow brown sub-terminal ring; wings subhyaline with
an abundant pale gray dotting in all the cells.

$ . Length 5.5 mm. ; wing 6.3 mm. $ . Length 6.5-7 mm. ; wing 7.8-8
mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown ; in the
male specimens available the flagella are broken and the nature of the
pectinations cannot be described ; in the female the flagellum is submonili-
form to short unipectinate, each segment with a conspicuous pedicel,
this latter paler than the remainder of the segment. Head dark gray,
the vertex with an indistinct brown median line.

Mesonotal praescutum grayish brown, more buffy laterally, with dark-
brown stripes ; a broad median stripe that is narrowly and rather indis-
tinctly bisected, in many cases these stripes entirely interrupted near
midlength ; lateral stripes shorter and narrower ; remainder of mesono- •
turn more brownish plumbeous, the scutal lobes a little darker, the
scutellum pruinose ; postnotum not darkened as in the somewhat simi-
lar R. shannoni. Pleura buffy with two narrow and somewhat indistinct
dark brown longitudinal stripes. Halteres pale, knobs dark brown.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale yellow ; femora brownish yel-
low with a narrow dark brown subterminal ring ; tibiae brown, the tips
very narrowly and indistinctly darkened ; tarsi brown, the terminal seg-
ments black. Wings subhyaline with an abundant pale gray dotting in
all the cells ; slightly darker spots at the origin of Rs, tip of Scl and at
stigma; the dots in the costal cell number only three or four; cell 1st
M2 has but few dots; veins yellow, darker in the infuscated areas.
Venation : Sc moderately long, Scl extending to about opposite one-
fourth the length of Rs, Sc2 at the tip of Scl ; Rs long, strongly angu-
lated at origin; cell 1st M2 rectangular; basal deflection of Cul close
to or before the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, the genital segments paler.

Habitat: Argentina. Holotypc, $ , Ciudad, Jujuy, May 22,
1920 (V. Weiser). Allotopotype, 9. Paratopotypes, 65$.

Epiphragma annulicornis new species.

Related to E. circinata Osten Sacken ; antennae annulate dark brown
and yellow; head gray; mesonotal praescutum dark brown, the three
discal stripes buffy, confluent; pleura gray, longitudinally striped with
dark brown ; femora with a narrow dark brown subterminal ring ; wings
pale yellowish with an abundant ocellate brown pattern.

$ . Length 11.4 mm. ; wing 12 mm. ; antenna about 4.8 mm. $ . Length
10.5 mm.; wing 10.5-10.8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae elongate in both sexes,
but more so in the male; first flagellar segment dark brown, sparsely
pruinose; second segment reddish brown; first flagellar segment yellow,
cylindrical; remaining segments of flagellum dimidiate, the base of each
dark brown, the apex yellow ; only on the terminal segments are the seg-
ments more uniformly infuscated. Head gray; vertical tubercle slightly
infuscated; frons in male very narrow.

Pronotum buffy yellow, dark brown medially. Mesonotal praescutum
deep velvety brown, this color restricted to the margins of the sclerite,
the disk almost entirely occupied by three broad confluent buffy stripes,
the intermediate stripe split by a capillary pale brownish gray line ; the
usual praescutal inter-spaces are likewise narrowly pale brownish gray :
scutum buffy, each lobe with a dark center ; median line of scutum with
a capillary brownish gray line; scutellum gray pruinose with a capil-
lary median brownish gray line; a pit on either side of median line of

XXxii, '21] KNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177

scutellum at base; postnotum silvery pruinosr with a capillary brown
line; a brown mark before midlength on either side of median line.
Pleura gray, longitudinally striped with dark brown, the most conspicu-
ous dorsal in position, extending from the cervical sel/rites to the post-
notum ; dorso^pleural region variegated huffy and brown; mesosternum
dark brown. Haltercs rather elongate, yellow, the* knobs dark brown.
Legs with the coxae dark brown, the apices narrowly gray; trochanters
obscure yellow, the inner face at apex dark brown ; femora brownish
yellow ; a narrow dark brown subterminal ring, followed and preceded
by a clearer yellow annulus ; tibiae and tarsi yellow, the terminal tarsal
segments brownish black. Wings pale yellowish, variegated with brown;
darker brown areas along the costa at h. above the arculus ; above ori-
gin of Rs\ at the supernumerary cross-vein in cell C ; tips of Sc\, R\
and R2 ; a very extensive paler brown ocelliform pattern covers the win-1
disk, circles having their centers at the origin of Rx ; fork of A'.? ; fork
of R2+3; m; fork of .1/14-2; at basal deflection of Cn\ and at
the ends of the posterior cells; a series of ten to twelve more or less
confluent spots in cell Cu\ a series of brown dashes along the margin
of the anal cells, the base of cell 1st A unicolorous. Venation : Rs
angulated and spurred at origin ; /\2+3 a little less than one-half the
basal section of R2; r about one and one-half times its length from
the tip of R\ ; cell 1st M2 rectangular, widened distally ; basal deflection
of Cn\ at or before midlength of cell 1st A/2; petiole of cell .1/1 shorter
than cell.

Abdominal tergites dark brown ; sternites obscure brownish yellow.

Habitat: Argentina. Holotvpc, $ , Quebrada Famailla,
Tucuman, altitude 1600 meters, October 16, 1920 (V. Weiser).
Allotopotypc, 9 . Paratopotypes, 3 <? 9 ; paratype. 9 . Sauce
Gaucho, Tucuman, altitude 500 meters, October 12, 1920 ( Y.
Weiser).

Limnophila subfuscata new species.

Antennae short : flagellum bicolorous : head light gray ; mesonotum
grayish buff, praescutum and scutum trilineate with dark brown ; scu-
tellum and postnotum dark brown medially ; pleura with a dorsal longi-
tudinal dark brown stripe that continues to the postnotum: legs yellow,
the femoral tips broadly infnsrated, bases and tips of tibiae narrowly
infuscated; wings subhyaline, heavily spotted with brown, the radial
cells almost uniformly washed with pale brown; first section of R2
short ; abdomen obscure yellow, the caudal margins of the segments
brown.

$ . Length 9.4 mm. ; wing 8.5 mm. Rostrum brown, pruinose ; palpi
dark brown. Antennae with the first scapal segment brown, gray prui-
nose ; second scapal segment brownish testaceous ; flagellum bicolorous,
tin- base of the segments brownish black, the apices obscure yellow,
the terminal flagellar segments more uniformlv darkened; antennae
short, the flagellar segments oval. Head gray, bluish gray on the occi-
put; a short, linear, brown, median line between the eyes.

Pronotum huffy with a median brown line and small irrorations ol
the same color; prosternum separating the fore coxae. Mesonotal
praescutum grayish buff with thre • brown -Iripes. the anterior end of
the median stripe gray pruinose; thoracic inter-spaces with a few con-
spicuous brown spots; scutum grayish buff, trilineate with dark brown;
scutellum and postnotum .uray, the former with a median dark brown
line, the latter with a median brown spot at the base; lateral and cau-
dal margins of the median sclcrite of the postnotum dark velvety brown.

178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Pleura bufiy gray with a conspicuous, longitudinal dark brown line
extending from the cervical sclerites to the postnotum, interrupted on
the lateral sclerites of the latter ; a small brown spot immediately before
the root of the halteres ; dorso-pleural membranes yellow; mesosternum
blue-gray. Halteres yellow, the knobs and outer ends of the stems
brown. Legs with the coxae grayish buff, sparsely dotted with pale
brown ; trochanters fight brown ; femora obscure yellow, the tips broad-
ly dark brown ; tibiae concolorous, the extreme bases and tips brown ;
tarsi yellow, the terminal segments dark brown. Wings subhyaline,
the costal region more yellowish ; entire surface of wing heavily suf-
fused and spotted with brown ; a series of dark brown areas in the
costal and subcostal cells, these areas more extensive than the inter-
spaces ; cells R, Rl and the bases of cells R2, R3 and R5 are washed
almost uniformly with pale brown, sparsely variegated with hyaline
dots; remainder of the wing surface extensively covered with circular
pale brown spots that are largely confluent and more extensive than the
restricted pale interspaces. Venation: Sc2 not indicated; Rl beyond
r only about one-half longer than the latter ; 7?2+3 short, about equal
to r ; R2 before r about equal to the deflection of R4+5; cell 1st
M2 rectangular, about equal to the petiole of cell Ml ; basal deflection
of Cul at about one-quarter the length of cell 1st M2.

Abdomen with the basal tergites light gray, dark brown medially ; re-
maining tergites obscure yellow, the caudal margin broadly brown, the
lateral margins less broadly so ; sternites obscure yellow, the segments
with a broad median caudal marking ; both sternites and tergites with
abundant brown setigerous punctures, more numerous and conspicuous
laterally.

Habitat : Argentina. Holotype, $ , Province of Buenos
Aires, October 10, 1920 (C. Bnich), in the collection of the
Museum of La Plata.

OROLIMNOPHILA new name

Orolimnophila, new name for Oromyia Alexander, Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, p. 203, 1913; preoccupied by Oreo-
mysa Pokorny, 1887, Orosmya Rondani, 1856.

Orolimnophila argentinicola new species.

General coloration brownish testaceous; antennae of male elongate,
the flagellar segments densely covered with spinous setae ; wings with
no distinct stigma ; Sc 1 ending about opposite one-third the length of
Rs ; outer pleural appendage of male hypopygium elongate, chitinized,
the outer margin with short, appressed spines, which continue to the
apex.

$ . Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 6.7 mm. Rostrum and palpi testace-
ous. Antennae elongate in the male ; scape obscure yellow ; flagellum
brown ; flagellar segments elongate cylindrical, densely set with con-
spicuous spinous setae, none of which are developed into verticils. Head
testaceous yellow.

Mesonotum brownish testaceous without distinct darker stripes ; post-
notum sparsely white pollinose. Pleura pale brown, sparsely pruinose.
Halteres testaceous, knobs brownish. Legs dark brown ; tibial spurs
short. Wings with a pale gray tinge; stigma lacking; veins pale brown.
Venation: Sc moderately long, Scl extending to about opposite one-
third Fts; Rs arcuated at origin; 7?2+3 very lonu, exceeding R3 ; R2
oblique; cell 1st M2 small, subrectangular ; outer deflection of Jl/3 with-

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179

out macrotrichiae ; basal deflection of Cu\ at about one-fourth the
length of cell 1st M2.

Abdomen brownish testaceous. Male hypopygium with the pleural
appendages elongate ; outer pleural appendage heavily chitinized, arcu-
ated, the outer margin with microscopic appressed spines that continue
to the apex ; inner pleural appendage a little longer, tapering to the nar-
row obtuse apex, which is provided with a few microscopic setae. In
the microscope mount of the hypopygium are two slender, chitinized
horns that appear to be gonapophyses. What appears to be the homo-
logue of the lyriform plate of the ninth sternite of O. lloydi is repre-
sented by a short, fleshy median plate, the lateral angles of which are
produced into rather short, blunt lobes, the caudal margin of the plate-
thus appearing concave.

Habitat: Argentina. Holotype, $ , Ouebrada Famailla.
Tucuman, altitude 1600 meters, 'October 16, 1920 (V. Weiser),
in the collection of the Museum of La Plata.

Orolimnophila argcntinicola differs from the genotype, O.
lloydi (Alexander) of Colombia, in the coloration of the
wings, the venation and the structure of the male hypopygium.

Polymera unipunctata new species.

General coloration light brown, the scutellum and postnotum pruinose :
thoracic pleura with a dark longitudinal stripe ; femora with a subtermi-
nal brown ring : tarsi brownish yellow ; wings with strong brownish
tinge ; a conspicuous brown seam along the cord.

9 . Length 6.5 mm. ; wing 7.7 mm. Rostrum reddish brown ; palpi
light brown. Antennae of female uniformly brown, only the second
scapal segment a little more testaceous. Head black with a yellowish
gray bloom.

Pronotum pale. Mesonotum light brown without markings ; scutel-
lum and postnotum darker, gray pruinose. Pleura gray pruinose, with
a comparatively narrow dark brown pleural stripe, extending from the
cervical sclerites beneath the root of the halteres to the abdomen. Hal-
teres yellow, the knobs light brown. Legs with the coxae testaceous,
the fore coxae a little darkened basally ; trochanters yellow ; femora
pale brown, the tips narrowly yellow ; a narrow dark brown subtermi-
nal ring; tibiae light brown, the tips dark brown; tarsi pale brownish
yellow, the metatarsi yellowish brown, the terminal segments darker
brown. Wings with a strong brownish tinge ; very faint brown clouds
at the origin of Rs and the forks of R2+3 and .U3 plus Cid : a
larger and more conspicuous browr^ cloud along the cord ; veins dark
brown. Venation : r on 7?1 comparatively near its tip, the ultimate sec-
tion of Rl a little more than one and one-half the basal deflection of
Cu\ ; cell A/1 present; basal deflection of Cu\ more than one-half its
length beyond the fork of M.

Abdomen brown, the lateral margins of the tergites darker brown ;
sternites pale brown.

Habitat: Argentina. Holotype, 9, Ciudad, Jujuy, May 22,
1920 (V. Weiser), in tin- colUrtion of the Museum of 1 .;i
Plata.

Polymera nnipnuctata \^ related to /'. obscura but is a very
different fly. Tile general effect of the wing-pattern is a con-
spicuous brown cloud near the center of the paler brown disk.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1921.

Depositories of Type Material.

In the minutes of the last Annual Meeting of the Entomolog-
ical Society of America, as published in a recent number of the
Annals of that Society, we find an interesting report of the
"Committee on U. S. National Museum." This report is di-
vided into three sections ; the first, detailing the activities of the
Committee in its efforts to secure more adequate appropriations
for the work of the Division of Insects of the United States
National Museum ; the second, asking for the support of mem-
bers; of the Society and of various related organizations to
assist in every way possible toward securing such desired ap-
propriations from Congress, and the third, an appeal for the
deposit of types in the Museum.

With the first and second of these sections we find ourselves
in hearty accord. The U. S. National Museum, in all its divi-
sions, should be so adequately supported that no possible tem-
porary or permanent curtailment of appropriations to the vari-
ous departments of the federal government would, directly or
indirectly, affect the invaluable reference collections there de-
posited. Such is always a possibility to-day, as a very large part
of the supervisionary work on the collections of the Museum is
performed and maintained by other government bureaus, which
are vitally interested in the matter. The efforts of the Commit-
tee in endeavoring to secure adequate continuing financial sup-
port for the care and maintenance of the collections of the
Division of Insects is most laudable, and the NEWS gives its
hearty commendation and support.

Relative to the deposit and centralization of types in the
Museum, differences of opinion may and do exist. Theoreti-
cally it would be best to have all types deposited in one great
center, or several centers, as the case might be. The natural
corollary of this would be that workers should similarly cen-

180

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181

tralize lo be near the types, to facilitate study and reduce travel.
Practically such an arrangement cannot exist, as the world, or.
for that matter, our country, has local or sectional influence-,
if this term be permitted, which cannot be ignored and which
should not be disregarded, as these influences, or centers, largely
have been the means of developing the present state of our
knowledge of the sciences.

Reduced to practicalities the U. S. Xatimial Museum pos-
s< sses no endowment and is supported by government appropri-
ation. The size of this appropriation governs the amount of
care and attention, as well as housing, the collections in tin-
cafe of the Museum receive. It is virtually impossible to bind
Congress to set aside or guarantee public funds in perpetuity
for the care and preservation of these collections. We all agree
the appropriations are at present grossly inadequate and should
be greatly increased, and as individuals we should work toward
that end. It should be realized, however, that other institutions,
some' of longer, equally productive activity, possess endowments
not subject to legislative whims, and whose collections are of
very great extent, extremely rich in types, in many groups of
zoology as rich or richer, occasionally far richer, than the Na-
tional Museum. These organizations have claims for consid-
eration as type depositories which seem to be disregarded, or
at least given little consideration, in the report as presented.

Collections of types, all will agree, should be housed in fire-
proof buildings, in modern cases, guarded as far as possible
from damage of all sort, and open to examination under rea-
sonable regulations to safeguard the material, yet not hamper
the student who needs to consult it. Types should be preserved
intact, and dismembering to place them in Riker mounts should
not only be discouraged but prohibited. Yet, to a recent date.
this destructive policy has been followed with certain insert
type material at the National Museum. Here a matter of per-
sonal opinion as to what constitutes "preservation" is involved,
and many students would say exactly the reverse is the result.

The National Museum can well be made a national repositorv
of valuable and important collections, but it does not follow
that the legitimate claims of other great institutions in tin-
United States devoted to biological research, and which possess

182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

in trust priceless collections of type material, should be ignored.
It is, moreover, a piece of practical wisdom not to put all eggs
(types) in any one basket, be it ever so "fireproof."

The point which we would emphasize is that scattered types,
and the smaller collections of similar material, should be placed
in fireproof buildings, under continuing care and guaranteed
maintenance. The U. S. National Museum is one of these de-
positories, and most of the entomological workers in the East
have made frequent use of the great type collections there
located. However, other great repositories exist, their collec-
tions are maintained in excellent condition and preservation and
are in constant use by entomological workers. Without reflec-
tion upon the U. S. National Museum, its administration, its
staff or the maintenance of its entomological collections as a
whole, the other institutions appeal as earnestly as the National
Museum for the deposit of type material. Let the Entomolog-
ical Society of America hold a brief for no one institution or
collection, but urge the support and upbuilding of all those
which have done and are doing their "bit" in the development
of entomological science.

J. A. G. R.

Dr. H. H. Field and the Concilium Bibliographicum.

The recently announced sudden death on April 5, 1921, of
Dr. Herbert Haviland Field, at Zurich, Switzerland, merits
more than a passing notice by entomologists. Born in Brooklyn,
New York, April 25, 1868, educated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic
and at Harvard, he made researches on the anatomy and devel-
opment of vertebrates until failing eyesight forced their aban-
donment. Impelled to further the progress of zoology in some
line, he organized the Concilium Bibliographicum at Zurich.
This institution undertook the compilation and publication of
titles and references to place of publication of current zoological
books and papers, in book form for the Zoologischer Anzeigcr,
of Leipsic, and as a card catalog for libraries and individuals.
A classification of the subject matter of zoology was devised,
each division and subdivision designated by index numbers, and
usually several appropriate numbers accompanied the title of

XXXJi. '211 ENTOMKl.oCICAl. .\K\VS 183

each work catalogued. Anyone might subscribe to all of the
catalog, or to any section of it, and the writer desires to express
here his gratitude — as he did to Dr. Field in person — for the
great saving of time and aid in research which his subscription
to the card catalog afforded.

Unfortunately the financial difficulties of the undertaking,
begun in 1895, were great. Dr. Field sacrificed all of his pri-
vate means in its maintenance. The issuance of the cards
ceased in 1918. About a year ago, Dr. Field was in the United
States seeking support for the Concilium and various zoological
societies warmly endorsed his attempt. The collection of funds
was not easy, although money was secured to permit resuming
work for the year, pending the development of plans for per-
manent support which appeared in sight. It is cheering to
know that his death will not halt the development of the Con-
cilium, but it is a source of regret that he could not have lived
to see the re-establishment of his most helpful and worthy
project.

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE

The Entomological Society of London Appeals For Aid.

The fine old Entomological Society of London, founded in 1834, and
which since 1875 has been meeting at 11 Chandos Street by the cour-
tesy of the Medical Society of London, has, through the growth of its
library, outgrown its quarters and is practically forced to move. It has
bought a house at 41 Queen's Gate, South Kensington, near the Natural
History Museum, and is leasing a portion of the building to the Imperial
Bureau of Entomology. The cost price of the property was ten thou-
sand pounds, and an additional sum is required for furnishing.

The co?t price has been largely met' by subscription from members,
both as donations and as loans, the loans being secured by a debenture
on the property and bearing, five per cent, interest. After exhausting
all the available resources of the resident members, there still remains
a sum approximating fifteen hundred pounds, and the Society is making
an appeal to foreign members, to entomologists in the dominions, and
to interested entomologists in other parts of the world. Donations
and loans are received by the Treasurer of the Society, Mr. W. G
Sheldon, who may be addressed at 1 1 Chandos Street, Cavendish Square,
London, W. I.

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

The London Society is the oldest of the great entomological societies,
excepting the Entomological Society of France, which was founded a
year earlier. Its Transactions and Proceedings have been largely used
by American entomologists, and many of the latter, when traveling
abroad, have been welcomed at the meetings of the Society and have
cordially been given the use of the magnificent library. L. O. HOWARD.

J. H. Williamson Collecting in Florida — II.

Additional particulars of Mr. Jesse H. Williamson's collecting in
Florida have come to hand since the note published in the NEWS for
May, page 152. On April 15th he left Miami, where he collected but
one day, and arrived at Enterprise. Here, the hotel having closed
the preceding day, he obtained room and board .with a private family
and speaks very highly of his accommodations. Collecting began in
the yard of this house and was extended to Lake Monroe, several creeks
which were "followed back into a heavy humid forest," other lakes,
ponds and swamps. "Am getting accustomed to the startled grunt and
sudden stampede of razor-back hogs in the bush." By April 21st he
had taken at least 12 additional species of Odonata not met with in the
previous weeks, and on April 26th, still at Enterprise, he estimated his
total collection of this order in Florida at 53 species and 4100 specimens.

The John Macoun Memorial Fund.

At the request of naturalists generally throughout Canada, the Ottawa
Field Naturalists' Club has decided to receive subscriptions for a por-
trait of the late Professor John Macoun, naturalist of the Geological
Survey of Canada, who died at Sidney, British Columbia, July 18, 1920.
The portrait will be painted by Mr. Franklin Brownell, of Ottawa, and
will be hung in the Victoria Memorial Museum, and the expenses in
connection therewith are estimated at about $700. Should the amount
be oversubscribed, arrangements may be made whereby those subscribing
above a certain sum, which cannot now be defined, will receive a repro-
duction of the painting. Subscriptions should be sent to Mr. Arthur
Gibson, Dominion Entomologist, Ottawa.

A New Entomological Journal — and in Austria!

llerr Fritz Wagner, of Haizingergasse 4, Vienna XVIII, has sent
out a circular letter, dated March 24, 1921, stating that, considering the
delays in publication of entomological papers, he is planning the publi-
cation of a new journal, the Zcitschrift fiir Systematischc Insektenkunde,
excluding Coleopterology and Lepidopterology. Dr. Reinhold Meyer, of
Landsberg a. W., has agreed to act as editor. Provided 200 subscribers
are obtained, the subscription price will be 40 Marks for a volume of
six bimonthly numbers of 3-4 signatures (Bogen) each, with text fig-
ures and plates when practicable, in Germany and German
Austria. In countries like the United States, England, France. Italy,
Holland, Switzerland, with higher rates of exchange, an addition of 150

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185

per cunt, is to be made to this price. Herr Wagner asks for subscrip-
tion orders.

It is difficult to reconcile such a project with the appeals for assistance
for existing journals such as that published in the May number of the
NEWS.

PREVENT FOREST FIRES— IT PAYS!

EDITOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS — As a newspaper man you know with-
out any telling what is the paper situation. Substantially every other
industry using wood in any of its forms is in the same kind of trouble,
or very soon will be.

In Pennsylvania the root of the whole trouble has been and still is
the unmitigated curse of forest fire. Fire has destroyed more grow-
ing and prospective timber than all land clearing and cutting put to-
gether. Forest fires keep down -production. Every acre of soil not
needed for purposes more important should be growing trees. To do
so they must be made secure against fire. ,

Because of the open winter and early spring the present fire season
threatens to be one of the worst in years. I should appreciate it greatly
if you would help by carrying, during May and June, the slogan of
the Department of Forestry, which is, "Prevent Forest Fires — It Pays."

Your co-operation will be specially useful in making the idea of
forest protection a part of the every day thought and consciousness of
our people — GIFFORD PINCHOT, Commissioner of Forestry, State of
Pennsylvania.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSOX, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

ruder the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining- to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following- list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Liu-r:it ure. see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review ot Applied En-
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

2-- Transactions of the American Entomological Soeietv, Phila-
delphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5 — IM die,
Cambridge. Mass. 6 — Journal of the \e\v York Entomological
Society. 7 — Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Co-
lumbus, Ohio. 10 — Proceeding- of the Entomological Society of
Washington, D. C. 12 — Journal of Keononiic Entomology, Concord.
N. H. 13 — Journal of Entomology and ZOO!<>L:\. < 'larunont. Cal.
14 — Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 20 — Bulletin

186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 24 — Annales de la
Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 33 — Annales de la Societe
Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 39 — The Florida Entomol-
ogist, Gainesville. 45 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insekten-
biologie, Berlin. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National
Museum, Washington. 52 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic. 54 —
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C. 61—
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
67 — Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 68 — Science, Lancaster, Pa.
69 — Comptes Rendus des Seances de 1' Academic des Sciences, Paris.
77 — Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologic, Paris.
80 — Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Geneve. 81 — The Journal of Para-
sitology, Urbana, Illinois. 82 — The Ohio Journal of Science, Co-
lumbus. 99 — Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
Paris. 100 — Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labora-
tory, Woods Hole, Mass. 116 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frank-
furt a. M. 121 — Boletin del Museo Nacional de Chile.

GENERAL. Aldrich, J. M. — Coloradia pandora, a moth of which
the caterpillar is used as food by Mono Lake Indians. 7, xiv, 36-8.
Berlin, L. L. — L'etude experimentale de la variation chez les in-
sectes. (La Nature, 1921, 184-9; 196-200.) Dozier, H. L.— An
ecological stud}' of hammock and piney woods insects in Florida.
7, xii, 325-80. Fernald, C. H.— Obituary by A. F. Burgess. 12,
xiv, 242-3. Kraatz, W. C. — A preliminary general survey of the
macrofauna of Mirrow Lake on the Ohio State University campus.
82, xxi, 137-82. Meissner, O. — Varia entomologica. 116, xxxiv,
105-6. Merrill, G. B. — Entomological training at the University of
Florida. 39, iv, 54-5; 58-60. Needham, J. G. — A biological examina-
tion of Lake George, N. Y. (Scientific Monthly, xxii, 434-8.)
Paillot, A. — Role des humeurs dans la destruction extracellulaire des
microbes chez les insectes. 69, clxxii, 876-8. Schroder, C. — Hand-
buch der Entomologie. Lief. 5-6. Gustav Fischer, Jena. Walton,
W. R. — Entomological drawings and draughtsmen: their relation
to the development of economic entomology in the U. S. 10, xxiii,
69-99. Wheeler, W. M. — A new case of parabiosis and the "ant
gardens" of British Guiana. (Ecology, ii, 89-103.)

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Bridges, C .B.— Proof of
non-disjunction for the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melano-
gaster. 68, liii, 308. Crampton, G. C. — Corrections of a statement
concerning the terminal abdominal structures of male insects. 4,
liii, 72. Herrmann, E. — Ueber besondere zellelemente im fett-
korper der fliege. 52, lii, 193-200. Little, C. C. — Non-disjunction
of the fourth chromosome of Drosophila. 68, liii, 167. Showalter,
A. M. — The chromosomes of Conocephalum conicum. 68, liii, 333.
Wilke, E. — Fettkorper, speicheldruse und vasa Malpighi der blatt-
wespenlarven. 52, lii, 249-54.

xxxii, '21] KXTOMOLOOH AI. XKWS 187

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Brolemann, H. W.— Mesure d'un arc

meridicn en Amcrique clu Sucl. .Myriapods. (Tome x, 235- .
Moles & Moore — A list of California Arachnida. I. Pseudoscorpio
nida. 13, xiii, 6-9. Ochoterena, I. — El alacran de durango (Cen-
trurus exilicauda). (Mem. Rev. Soc. Cien. "Antonio Alzate," Mex-
ico, xxxvii, 215-26.) Roewer, C. F. — Mesure d'un arc de meridien
en Amerique du Sud. Arachnida. (Tome x, 121- 1:.1 )

Chamberlin, R. V. — A new genus and a new species of spiders in
the group Phrurolitheae. 4, liii, 69-70. Linyphiidae of St. Paul
Island, Alaska. 6, xxix, 35-43. Ewing, H. E. — The genus Trom-
bicula, in America and the Orient. 7, xiii, 381-90.

NEUROPTERA. Enderlein, G.— Psyllidologia, VI. 52, lii.
115-22. Morse, A. P. — Sympetrum corruptum in Massachusetts. 5,
xxviii, 7. Samal J. — Plecopteres Sud-Americains nouveaux. 33, Ixi,
109-12. Smith, R. C. — A study of the biology of the Chysopidae.
7, xiv, 27-35.

ORTHOPTERA. Chopard, L.— Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles
de Gryllidae. Diagnoses de Gryllides nouveaux, de la Guyane fran-
caise. 99, 1920, 208-15; 310-15. Hebard, M.— Dermaptera and Or-
thoptera of the Galapagos expedition. 61, ii, 311-46. Regen, J. —
Eine nymphe von Gryllus campestris (female), mit drei cerci. 52,
lii, 189-90.

Hebard, M. — A new genus and species of grasshopper from Cali-
fornia. 61, x, 71-5.

HEMIPTERA. Chapais, J. C.— L'aphis du meleze. 67, xlvii,
194-5. Ferris, G. F. — Notes on Coccidae. A review of MacGilli-
vray's "The Coccidae." 4, liii, 57-60 (cont.).. Johnson, C. W.—
Okanagana rimosa in Nova Scotia. 5, xxviii. 15. Morse, A. P.—
Monecphora bicincta in New England. 5, xxviii, 27-s. Peterson, A.—
Some studies on the influence of environmental factors on the hatch-
ing of the eggs of Aphis avenae, and A. pomi. 7, xiii. 391-toi.

Ball, E. D. — The smallest known leaf hopper. 54, xxxiv, 23-4.
Davis, W. T.— Records of cicadas from North America, with de-
scriptions of n. sps. An annotated list of the cicadas of Colorado
with description of a n. sp. 6, xxix. 1-16; 43-57. Drake, C. J.—
Notes on some American Tingidae, with descriptions of n. sps. 39,
iv, 49-54. Hussey, R. F. — Distributional notes on llemiptera, with
the description of a n. sp. 5, xxviii, S-15. Parshley, H. M.- Essay
on the American species of Aradus. 2, xlvii, 1-106.

LEPIDOPTERA. Figueroa, C. S.— Vn nuevo I mpido clii-

leno. Revision de los lepidoptcros rhopaloceros de Chile. 121, \i,
1-8; 198-214. Fletcher, T. B.— Life histories of Indian insects.

188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Microlepidoptcra. (Mom. Dept. Agric. in India, Ent. Ser., vi,
217 pp.).

Braun, A. F. — Notes on Elachista, II. 82, xxi, 207-10. McDun-
nough, J. — New British Columbia tussock moth, Hemerocampa
pseudotsugata. ' 4, liii, 53-6.

DIPTERA. Bezzi, M. — The correct name for the dipterous
genus Dicrania. 7, xiii, 408. Cotterell, G. S. — The life-history and
habits of the yellow dung-fly (Scatophaga stercoraria) ; a possible
blow-fly check. 14, 1920, 629-47. Edwards, Becker & Surcouf—
Mesure d'un arc de meridien en Amerique du Sud. Dipteres.
(Tome x, 143-233.) Enderlein, G. — Zur kenntnis der Pterocallinen.
Dipterologische studien, XVII. 52, Hi, 211-19; 219-32. Gemmell, E.
—A note on a local member of the family Psychodidae. 13, xiii, 1.
Johannsen, O. A. — The first instar of Wohlfahrtia vigil. 81, vii,
154-5. Juday, C. — Observations on the larvae of Corethra puncti-
pennis. 100, xl, 271-86. Legendre & Oliveau — Role du lapin domes-
tique dans 1'attraction et la nutrition d'Anopheles maculipennis. 77,
clxxii, 833-3. Malloch, J. R. — A synopsis of the North American
species of the genera Melanochelia and Limnophora. 4, liii, 61-4.
Surcouf, J. M. R. — Note sur un accouplement aberrant chez 3es
dipteres. 20, 1921, 46-7.

Alexander, C. P. — A new subfamily of Tanyderid flies. 7, xiii,
402-5. Dietz, W. G. — The impudica group of the dipterous genus
Tipula. 7, xiv, 1-15. Johnson, C. W. — A review of the American
species of the genus Palloptera. 5, xxviii, 20-3.

COLEOPTERA. Denier, P.— Description d'especes nouvelles du
genre Pseudomeloe. 24, Ixxxix, 204-8. Drake, C. J. — A new am-
brosia beetle from the Adirondacks; notes on the work of Xylo-
terinus politus. 82, xxi, 201-5. Fleutiaux, E. — Collections recueilles
par la mission geodesique de 1'Equateur. Elaterides. 99, 1920,
300-5. Frost & Weiss — Additions to Agrilus bibliography. 4, liii,
72. Gage, J. H. — The larvae of the Coccinellidae. (Illinois Biol.
Monogr., vi, No. 4. 62 pp.) Hawkes, O. A. M. — Observations on
the life-history, biology and genetics of the lady-bird, Adalia bipunc-
tata. 14, 1920, 475-90. Heymons, R. — Die frassfiguren der Hypo-
borinen. 45, xvi, SI -90. Howard, L. O. — Catalogue of the coleop-
tera of America, north of Mexico. (Review.) 68, liii, 441-2. Hyslop,
J. A. — Genotypes of the elatcrid beetles of the world. 50, Iviii,
621-80. Johnson, C. W. — A new Ptinid for New England. 5,
xxviii, 7. Kleine, R. — Haben die Hylobius-arten einen stridulations
apparat? 45, xvi, 109-14. Schenkling, S. — Coleopterorum catalogus.
Pars 72: Scarabaeidae, Cetoninae. 431 pp. Spence & Prater —
"Hopping" pupa of a curculionid beetle. (Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc., xxvii, 407-8.) Strand, E. — Neue namen drek-r iusektengat-

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189

tungen. 116, xxxiv. 106. Weiss & West— Additional fungous in-
sects and their hosts. 54, xxxiv, 5'J 6

Blatchley, W. S. — Notes on Indiana Halticini with characterization
of a new genus and descriptions of new species. 6, xxix, 16-27.
Portevin, G. — Silphides nouveaux de la collection du museum. 99,
1920, 505-8

HYMENOPTERA. Emery, C.— Specific names repeated in the
Linnean genus Formica. 5, xxviii, 2-1-fi. Herbst, P. — Un nucvo
jenero de avispa^ ravadoras (Sphegidae). 121, xi, 217-20. Montet,
G. — Hymenopteres nouveaux du genre Pepsis de 'la collection du
museum d'histoire naturelle de (Jem-ye. 80, xxviii, 205-10. Porter,
C. E. — Un nuevo braconido del stir de Chili.. 121, xi, 215-t;. Ste-
vens, O. A. — Further notes on evening flowers, Panurgine and
Halictine bees. 4, liii, r>5-<). Wheeler, W. M. — Professor Emery's
subgenera of the genus Camponotus. 5, xxviii, 16-19.

Banks, N. — New Nearctic fossorial H. 7, xiv, 1<i-2(>. Fenton,
F. A. — New parasitic H. of the subfamily Anteoninae. 4, liii, 70-1.
MacGillivray, A. D. — New species of Nematinac. 6, xxix, 27-35.

SOME SOIL FUMIGATION EXPERIMENTS WITH PARADICHI.OROBENZINE
FOR THE CONTROL OF THE PEACH-TREE BORER, SANNINOIDEA EXITIOSA
SAY. by ALVAH PETERSON (Soil Science, vol. xi, No. 4, pp. 305-318, pi.
1, April, 1921). — This paper deals with paradichlorobenzine as a soil
fumigant, taking into consideration such factors as soil texture, acidity,
alkalinity, moisture and temperature, methods and time of application,
effects on trees and borers, and costs and represents the results of num-
erous and varied experiments conducted by Dr. Peterson since 1917.
Topics receiving consideration are: strength of application, injury to
trees, short exposures, time of application, method of application, soil
conditions, especially temperature and moisture, costs and rate of evap-
oration of material. Tables are presented showing the results of short
exposures and early and late summer treatments in various types of soil
and also the influence of soil moisture and temperature. The author
concludes that paradichlorobcmine gives considerable promise as a val-
uable insecticide for the control of the peach-tree borer; that the use of
this material is still in the experimental stage and recommends that
peach growers be encouraged to try out this substance for a year or
so on a small block of trees 6 years of age or older before treating
large plantings. From three-fourths to one ounce of paradichloroben-
zine will kill 90 to 100 per cent of the borrrs if the soil temperatur-
55 to 60 degrees F., or higher, and if the soil is not too wet. The mar-
gin of safety is considerable if the trees treated are 6 years old 01 ovei

The finely divided crystals should be evenly distributed in a narrow,

190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

continuous, circular band approximately 2 inches from the tree (never
closer than 1 inch) on smooth ground about the base of the tree. If
indications point to the presence of borers from 1 to 6 inches above
the ground, the soil should be mounded about the tree so that the upper
level is even with the highest point where the gum is exuding. The
application then should be made on the new soil level. After the crys-
tals are distributed, several shovels of earth should be placed over
them and packed down with the back of the shovel. This earth should
be free of weeds, grass, large stones, etc. In New Jersey, the best time
of application is from Augus*t 25th to September 10th.

Paradichlorobenzine is a white, crystalline substance occurring as a
by-product in the manufacture of monochlorobenzine. It is insoluble
in water and evaporates slowly at ordinary temperatures (70 degrees
F.). The gas is heavier than air, non-poisonous to man under ordi-
nary conditions, but toxic to insects during long exposures.

The paper is accompanied by. a series of photographs, showing the
correct and incorrect ways of applying the insecticide. It is to be re-
gretted that Dr. Peterson's interesting and valuable paper could not
have appeared in a journal devoted entirely to entomology, although
a wide" distribution of separates will overcome this drawback in part.
While the paper in question deals in part with such factors as soil tex-
ture, moisture, temperature, etc., in so far as they have a bearing on
the effectiveness of the fumigant, the paper is really a contribution to
our knowledge on the control of the peach-tree borer and as such, is
of importance mainly to entomologists. One of the results of the
"shortage of entomological space" is a tendency on the part of authors
to publish their material wherever facilities are afforded, and this means
a greater scattering of the literature and, to a certain extent, inaccessi-
bility for many workers. — HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jer-
sey.

THE COCCIDAE. Tables for the Identification of the Sub-families and
some of the more Important Genera and Species, together with Discus-
sions of their Anatomy and Life History. By Prof. ALEX D. MAcGiLLi-
VRAY. Pages I-VIII, 1-502, Scarab Co., Urbana. 111. 1921. $6.00—
Those of Prof. MacGillivray's associates, students and friends who have
long known of his plan to prepare a volume on the Coccids will wel-
come the appearance of the finished work. The complete title of the
book really leaves little to be said concerning its scope, for it is at once
a thorough morphological and taxonomic treatise of the family, the
keys extending in many instances as far down as the species. In some
sections considerable is given concerning the life history and economic
status of the groups and species under discussion. Since most of the
keys have been used extensively by advanced students taking work under
Prof. MacGillivray, it has thus been possible to revise them from time

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 191

to time so that the majority of their weaknesses should have been
eliminated.

The work is comprehensive, yet detailed where detail is most needed,
and will at once meet a long felt want among students, teachers and
official entomologists. One cannot help but admire the boldness of the
author in his attempt to bring about order in a family where chaos has
so long reigned and particularly in his endeavor to develop a satisfac-
tory nomenclature. — J. S. HOUSER.

OBITUARY.

Prof. Louis COMPTON MIALL, Emeritus Professor of Biology
in the University of Leeds, England, died on February 21,
1921. From an obituary notice in the Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine for April, 1921, we learn that he was born seventy-
eight years ago, son of a Congregational minister at Bradford,
attended Silcoates School, began teaching in a private school
in Bradford when fifteen, and became interested in natural his-
tory through his brother, a medical student. He had no sys-
tematic training in biology, but subsequently learned something
of its technique at the Leeds School of Medicine. He became
Secretary of the Bradford Philosophical Society at the age of
about 20, Curator of the Museum of the Leeds Philosophical
Society in 1871, first professor of biology in the Yorkshire Col-
lege of Science in 1876, and later in the University of Leeds
until he retired in 1907. He was elected a fellow of the Royal
Society in 1892, of the Entomological Society of London in
1894 and a Special Life Fellow of the latter in 1916.

While his earlier researches were in vertebrate paleontology
and morphology, he soon became interested in the anatomy,
physiology and development of insects, publishing :

The Structure and Life History of the Cockroach, .-In Introduction
to the Study of Insects (With Alfred Denny, 1886) : Some Difficulties
in the Life of Aquatic Insects (in Nature, 1891) : Dicranota, a Carniror-
ous Tipulid larz«a (Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1893) ; The Development
of the Head of the Imago of Chironomus (with A. R. Hammond, in
Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1893) ; The Natural History of .-lunatic Insects
(London and New York, Macmillan, 1895, with new editions in 1903
and 1912) ; The Transformations of Insects (in Nature, 1895) ; The Life
History of Pcricoma canexeens (Psychod-idae),ivith a bibliographical and
critical appendix by Huron ( )sten Sacken (Trans. K.nt. Soc. Loud. 1X''5) :
The Structure and Life History of Phalacrocera replicata [Tipulidae],
With an appendix on the literature of the earlier staoes of the Cylindro-

192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

tomina (with R. Shelford, in same Trans. 1897) ; The Structure and
Life History of the Harlequin Fly (Chironomus) (with A. R. Ham-
mond, Oxford, 1900) : Injurious and Useful Insects, an Introduction to
the Study of Economic Entomology (London, 1902) : On a new cricket
of aquatic habits found in Fiji (with Prof. G. Gilson, in Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lend. 1902) ; Thf Structure and Life History of the Holly-Fly
(with T. H. Taylor in same Trans. 1907).

Among his more general writings were his Vice-Presidential address
to the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Zoology, at
Toronto in 1897, on Life-history Studies of Animals (reprinted in Ann.
Rept. Smithson. Inst. for 1897), and his hooks Round the Year, Short
Nature Studies (1896) ; House, Garden and Field (1904) ; Object Les-
sons from Nature; and Thirty Years of Teaching; while with W. W.
Fowler he furnished an introduction and notes to an edition of Gilbert
White's Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne (1901).

Of afl of these his Natural History of Aquatic Insects is the
best known ; in it and in The Cockroach he displays that admira-
tion for the work of Reaumur and others which perhaps led
him to those studies resulting in his brief History of Biology
(1911), one of the History of the Sciences series published by
the Putnams of New York, and The Early Naturalists, then-
Lives and Work, 1530-1789 (London, Macmillan, 1912). In
the preface to this last he wrote :

The early naturalists have occupied so much of my leisure of late
years that it becomes a pleasant task to write about them. My chief
aim is to induce such readers as I may find to make themselves better
acquainted with the founders of modern natural history. ... In-
sects take up more than their due share of space, partly because they
are really prominent in the works of early naturalists, partly because old
books about insects give me more than common pleasure.

To those unacquainted with this volume it may well be com-
mended.—P. P. C.

Other English entomologists whose recent deaths are re-
corded in the March and April numbers of the same Magasine
are DR. HERBERT HENRY CORP.KTT, of Dnncaster, died January
5, 1921, in his 65th year; JOHN WILLIAM CARTER, of Bradford,
died December 15, 1920, aged 67, and JOHN CLARKE HAWK-
SHAW, of Hollycombe, near Liphook, Sussex, died February
12, 1921, in his 80th year; he was the eldest son of Sir John
Hawkshaw, F.R.S.. eminent engineer. All three were largely
interested in Microlepidoptera as well as in other orders.

In Stock

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rhetener, 200.00, 100.00

adonis 56.00

Ornilhoptera hecuba, males 65.00, 45.00

Urania ripkeus, $90. per 1OO ; Lycaena exelis, $6.00; European Lye., $5.00; and beautiful
African Lycaena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable for Jew-
elry, Trays and Decorative Purposes, good quality, $17.50 per 100. Over 50,000 Butter
flies now in stock. Prices Net. American Currency. Terms Cash or C. O. D.

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Apply for particulars and prices.

R. A DUMMER, Care S. A Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.

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hecuba, rhetenor, amathonte, cypris, achillaena ; Ornithoptera brookiana,
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species of Apatura, Eunica, Catagramrna, Batesea, Perisama and many
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celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.

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2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera

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CATALOGUES OF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION

If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street

JULY, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII

No. 7

THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON
1807-1865

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN,

PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.

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\

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXII.

Plate IV.

XYLORYCTES SATYRUS FAB.-WElss.

ENTOMOLOGICAL

JUL 11 1921

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXII

JULY, 1921

No. 7

CONTENTS

Weiss— Notes on the Larval and Pupal
Stages of Xylorvctes satyrus Fab.
(Col.: Scarabaeidae) 193

Rehn — An Appeal from Russian Fel-
low Entomologists and a List of
Russian Entomologists Recently
Deceased 1 99

Malloch — A Key to the Species of the
Genus Coenosia Meigen ( Dipt. , An-
thomyiidae ) 201

Leussler — Pamphila ottoe Edw. and
pawnee Dodge, with Description
of a New Form (Lep., Rhop ). .. 206

Holland— The Geographical Distribu-
tion of the Machaon-Group of the
Genus Papilio (Lep., Rhop.) 207

Wood — A Race of Papilio troilus from
Southern Florida (Lep., Rhop )... 208

Swain — Miscellaneous Studies in the
Family Aphididae (Hem., Horn.). . 209

Editorial — Importance of Collecting. . . 214

Eyre — Rearing Anthomyid Root Mag-
gots on Artificial Media (Dipt. )... 215

Huguenin — Life History of Pyrameis
caryae in California (Lep., Rhop.). 2 ft

Entomological Literature 217

Review of Sanderson and Peairs' Insert
Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard 220

Review of Report of Proceedings Third
Entomological Meeting at Pusa. . 221

Review of Rivas's Human Parasitology
and Underbill's Parasites and Para-
sltosis of the Domestic Animals . 222

Doings of Societies — Ent. Sec. Acad.
Nat. Sci.(Hem., Lep.,Orth., Dip.). 223

Notes on the Larval and Pupal Stages of Xyloryctes
satyrus Fab. (Col.: Scarabaeidae).

By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

(Plate IV)

Through the kindness of Dr. Alvah Peterson I recently
came into the possession of several specimens of the larvae
and pupae of the Rhinoceros Beetle (Xyloryctes satyrus Fab. >.
which he had reared and it seemed desirable to describe these
• stages and to bring together the notes of various authors on
the larval habits. Dr. Peterson's material was collected at
Urbana, Illinois, in a deciduous woods from soil rich in humus
and heavily mulched with leaves. Dr. Adam Boving. Bureau
of Entomology, Department of Agriculture. Washington. 1). C..
has called my attention to J. C. Schiodte's monographic treat-
ment of the Scarabaeid larvae in the Zoological Museum of
Copenhagen, Denmark. He also suggested that I prepare my
description of the larva of Xyloryctes in almost exact conform
ity with Schiodte's descriptions of Scarabaeid larvae. This
suggestion I have been glad to follow. The figures aerom-
panying this paper were made by Dr. Boving.

193

194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

The adult was described by Fabricius in 1801 (Syst. Eleut.
I, 15) from American specimens. Walsh (Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. His., IX, 287) briefly noted the larva in 1863 and again
in 1868 (Am. Ent. I, 60). In 1873 Glover recorded the find-
ing of great numbers of beetles injuring the roots of young
ash trees at Babylon, Long Island (Kept. U. S. Dept. Agric.,
1873, 152). and noted larvae as having been taken on the roots
of liquidambar in Maryland. In Insect Life (Vol. III. p. 358)
under the heading "General Notes" is a statement to the effect
that the adults and larvae were common in the vicinity of
Washington, D. C., 'among grass roots in pastures and de-
serted fields, and that they were found in the decaying roots of
ash trees.

HoAvard (Bull. 22, n. s. Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric.. 1900,
p. 105), quoting a correspondent, records Xyloryetes satynis
as attacking ash in the vicinity of the University of Virginia
and after boring a hole under the surface of the ground to a
depth of one or two inches, "seemed to destroy the bark all
around the tree." Blatchley (Col. Ind., p. 992) states that it
probably occurs sparingly over the southern two-thirds of In-
diana, June 3 to September 8, the adults being found in the
vicinity of ash trees. In the U. S. Department of Agriculture
Yearbook for 1906, p. 516, lilac bushes at Stony Brook. New
York, were reported as being badly damaged by this scarabaeid.
Smith (Ins. N. J., p. 321) records it from Et. Lee and Newark
and throughout South Jersey. July, never common, larva in
roots of ash. In Insects of Quebec (Part III. Col., p. 229)
Chagnon records it from Rouville County in May.

Xyloryetes satynts Eabricius belongs to the Scarabaeid tribe
Dynastini. I. C. Schiodte in his conspectus systematicus of
the larvae of the series Lamellicornia has characterized the
larvae of this tribe,* and his statement, translated ( from Latin)
and in a few places slightly modified, may be presented as

follows :

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TRIBE DYNASTINI.

I. Stridulating instrument formed by a dentate carina on the dorsal
side of the maxillary stipes, nihhinij against a file-like area on the

* ]. C. Schiodte : De metamorphosi Eleutheratorum observations;
Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, series 3, vol. 9, 1874, pp. 227-376, pi. xi-xix.

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195

ventral side of the mandible. Antenna consisting of four joints. Legs
all well developed, gradually increasing in length from first to third
pair. Anterior abdominal segments dorsally with three transverse
areas. Maxillary palp four-jointed (Schiodte say--: "three jointed,"
interpreting the basal joint as palpigcr). No (or one) ocellus \\yln-
ryctcs evidently has a single ocellus laterally at the base of the ant'-nnal
ring; this being a very exceptional development among the Scara-
baeids]. Mandible with manducatorial portion (= the portion with the
molar or grinding structures) profoundly separated from the scissnrial
portion (== portion with the cutting edge) ; molar structure with pos-
terior heel bearing a tuft of bristles.

(By the given combination of characters the Trogini, Geotrupini,
Lucanini and Passalini — sensu Schiodte — are excluded.)

A. Respiratory plate of spiracles surrounds the major part of hu'la.
Legs covered with long hair.

(By these two characters the Copridini — sensu Schiodte — are ex-
cluded.)

1. Maxilla with both malae [=: inner and outer lobes] completely
fused. Anal opening transverse and terminal.

(By these characters the Sericini — sensu Schiodte — are excluded.)

a. Scissorial portion of mandible fornicate. Labrum with lateral
margins of ventral side smooth. Length of antenna shorter than length
of head: subapical antennal joint distally truncate. Stridulating area
of mandible partly placed in manducatorial portion : oblong, transver-
sally costate, with well developed distant ridges.

(By these characters the Rutelini and Melolonthini — sensu Schiodte
are excluded.)

Labrum with anterior margin broadly rounded. Claws slender, sub-
ulate. First six abdominal segments dorsally plicate with setae-bearing
tubercles densely set. Tenth abdominal segment well defined.

Characterisation of Subdivisions and Genera of Dynasthu.

The forms described by Schiodte as typical Dynastine larvae,
on which his characterization of this tribe is based, are: A'y/c
tr\pcs (,'idcon Linnaeus from Malayan Archipelago, Oryctcs
)Hisic<»-n!s Linnaeus from Denmark, and Parastacia conflncns
\Yestwood from the Nicobar Islands. The first two larvae-
represent one taxonomic subdivision of the Dynastini, /'</>•<;-
stacia another. The present larva of Xyloryctcs sa'ynis Fabn
cius belongs to the first subdivision which Schiodte charac
teri/es as follows :

l-'irst Dymistinc Subdivision.

Inner mala of maxilla (=•. lacinia ) tridentate. Pars scissoria <-t
mandible dentate [Schiodte has "tridentate," but as Xyl>»-yctcs has only

196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

two teeth on the right mandible and the second tooth on the left man-
dible is small : third tooth large, and as the second Dynastine subdivi-
sion is characterized as having mandibles without teeth, the original
term "tridentate" is here changed to the more correct term "dentate"].
Stridulatory teeth of maxilla short, compressed, truncate. Tibia half
as long as femur. Claws of third pair of legs shorter than the other
claws.

The two genera of the first Dynastine subdivision are de-
fined by Schiodte as follows :

Xylotrypes.

Frons one-third broader than long, with posterior frontal angle acu-
minate. Labrum transverse quadrate. Mandible shorter than head.
Pars scissoria with three teeth ; posterior tooth of right mandible
minute, of left mandible strong. Stridulatory teeth of maxilla six, very
coarse. Maxillary palp not reaching apex of exterior mala.

Oryctes.

Frons twice as broad as long, with posterior frontal angle sub-
rectangular. Labrum transversally orbiculate. Mandible as long as
head. Pars scissoria with three teeth ; posterior tooth of both mandi-
bles minute. Stridulatory teeth of maxilla ten. Maxillary palp extend-
ing beyond apex of mala.

Xyloryctes.

(The following definition of Xyloryctes is given in exact
conformity with Schiodte's formula.)

Frons twice as broad as long, with posterior frontal angle
subrectangular. Labrum transversally orbiculate. Mandible
shorter than head. Pars scissoria of right mandible with two
teeth, of left mandible with three teeth ; posterior tooth strong.
Stridulatory teeth of maxilla ten. Maxillary palp not reach-
ing apex of exterior mala.

Xyloryctes differs both from Xylotrvpcs and Oryctcs by the
shape of the mandibles. It seems more closely allied to Oryc-
tes than to Xylotrypes, even though it has the two characters :
"Mandible shorter than head and maxillary palp not reaching
apex of exterior mala" common with Xylotrypcs.

Xyloryctes satyrus Fab.

Length of mature larva about 50 mm. Extreme width of head about
7.5 mm.

Frons coarsely punctate, twice as broad as long, with posterior Frontal
angle subrectangular.

Epicranial and frontal sutures faint. Fpicranial suture about one-
third the length of the frons. Procephalic lobes coarsely punctate.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 197

Ciypeus coarsely punctate, subrectungular, about three times as wide
as long.

Labrum transversally orbiculate, coarsely punctate, bearing a few-
setae on dorsal surface, anterior edge fringed with setae, lateral edges
each bearing a row of minute setae.

Antennae shorter than length of head, four-jointed, second joint
slightly longer than the first; first, third and apical joints subequal in
length, each joint except apical one more or less enlarged distally, apical
joint bluntly pointed.

Ocelli lateral, one at base of each antennal ring.

Maxillary lobes (lacinia and galea) fused into a single, fleshy, setose
structure ; exterior lobe (galea) with a single, terminal curved, prom-
inent tooth (uncus), around which are several strong setae; interior
lobe (lacinia) with three strong, conical teeth and numerous stiff setae.
Stridulatory teeth of maxilla ten.

Maxillary palp not reaching apex of exterior mala, four-jointed, basal
joint short, second joint twice as long as basal one, second and subapical
joints equal in length, subapical joint bearing two setae, apical joint
slightly longer than subapical.

Lingua fleshy, cushioned, densely set with spines.

Mandible : Scissorial portion same length as manducatorial portion
and almost as wide ; above and below with deep, unequal rugosities and
shallow depressions; dorsal surface convex with three large depres-
sions ; two setae ; ventral surface vaulted ; cutting edge thin, terminally
very acute; right mandible with two teeth, left mandible with three.
Lateral exterior mandibular portion heavily rugose, limited by two
longitudinal margins, which posteriorly, between scissorial portion and
. basis of mandible, are carinate ; one or two setae. Stridulating area
oval, with rather coarse ridges; that of right and left mandible almost
of the same size. Manducatorial portion of right mandible with molar
part oblique, anteriorly low, posteriorly prominently projecting, sloping
gradually downwards from the upper part of the crown to the heel.
Crown with two transverse, obtusely carinate lobes, anterior to which is
a round depression framed by a thick and low elevation. Heel large,
transverse, subtrapezoidal, grinding surface flat, anteriorly with trans-
verse low elevation, posteriorly deeply emarginate with ventro-posterior
angle pointed, tooth-like, about as long as wide and with dorso-posterior
angle developed into a broad, long, rather obtuse process, about three
times as long as wide, extending over and completely covering bristle-
hearing base. Left molar part anteriorly prominent, posteriorly re-
tracted, crown trilobed ; upper lube .strong, large, anteriorly with margin
projecting and acute, and with grinding surface excavate; median and
posterior lobes much smaller, each carrying an obtuse, transverse carina,
which dorsally projects into a sharp tooth; ventrally the two lobes
fuse, terminating with a small round elevation. Heel suborbictllate,
anteriorly limited by a low transverse carina coming from a slender,
pointed, dorsal piliferous hook and disappearing towards the ventral

198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

elevation of the preceding lobes; bristle-bearing base posteriorly with
obtusely conical, approximately semicircular outline and anteriorly almost
contiguous with grinding surface of heel.

Body form clavate cylindrical, between four and five times as long as
thick. Dorsal areas of second to sixth abdominal segments bearing
several long hairs and numerous minute, stiff setae arranged transversely.

Legs slender, slightly increasing in length from first to third pair,
bearing numerous long and short hairs. Claws slightly incurved, about
one-third as long as tibiae.

Color: Head dark mahogany, body white to sordid white. Legs
flavo-testaceous. Protergum with brown, transverse, lateral foveolae.

Body areas : Prothorax with one dorsal area. Meso- and metathorax
with three dorsal areas, prescutum, scutum and scutellum. First abdom-
inal segment with two dorsal areas, prescutum not being developed, and
with the spiracle-bearing alar area dorsally developed into a simple trian-
gular prolongation. The following second to sixth abdominal segments
with three dorsal areas, prescutum, scutum and scutellum, and, with the
spiracle-bearing alar area dorsally split into two prolongations, the
anterior of which being adjacent to prescutum. Seventh to ninth abdom-
inal segments with more or less indistinctly marked or completely fused
dorsal areas. Tenth abdominal segment about twice as long as head
from tip of labrum to occipital foramen, obtusely conical, well separated
from ninth segment which is somewhat larger than the tenth ; below
with numerous, well developed straight setae, promiscuously scattered,
medianly not arranged in special rows. Anal slit transverse, terminal ;
upper anal lips not sharply defined ; lower anal lips posteriorly limited
by a straight, transverse impression between the ends of the slit. Spi-
racles orbiculate, eighth abdominal spiracle half as large as the others;
area respiratoria almost completely surrounding bulla ; bulla with width
about one-fifth of the dorso-ventral length of the entire spiracle. Holes
of respiratory plate very small, round, numerous and irregularly set.

Pupa. Length 2.5 to 3.5 cm. Width about 1.7 cm. Chestnut-colored
(alcoholic specimens), smooth. Thorax and first two abdominal seg-
ments subequal in width, remaining abdominal segments gradually taper-
ing to tip. Anterior portion of prothorax of male bent down almost
perpendicularly and bearing two median, longitudinal, parallel, broad,
shallow depressions. Head of male with prominent, anteriorly project-
ing horn. Anterior portion of prothorax of female sloping. Head of
female bearing a tubercle. Wing cases faintly, longitudinally striate,
striae few. Ninth abdominal segment triangular, tip clothed with vel-
vety pubescence.

PLATE IV. XYLORYCTES SATYRUS FAH.

Fig. 1, Left mandible. Fig. 4, Right mandible, dorsal view.

Fig. 2, Left mandible, dorsal view. Fig. 5, Right mandible, ventral vieu.
Fig. 3, Right mandible. Fig. 6, Maxilla, dorsal view.

Fig. 7, Maxilla, ventral view.

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 199

An Appeal from Russian Fellow-Entomologists

and a List of Russian Entomologists

Recently Deceased.

Before the Great War one of the most flourishing and prom-
ising entomological societies in the world was established in
Russia, numbering among its members great names in the en-
tomological world, such as Adelung, Alferaki, Bianki, Oshanin,
Nicolas Mikailovitch Romanoff and C'holodkovsky. Little
reached our ears during the war about these colleagues, cut off
from us by circumstances, and today we are no better informed
of their work or well-being. Through the efforts of B. Uvarov,
now connected with the Imperial Bureau of Entomology
in London, we are able to give some information concerning
certain of our Russian friends, sad though it is, consisting of
the dates of death of nineteen of them. At the end of this
appeal we are giving a copy of this list of names and dates, our
last sad tribute to some of the leading men of our science. In
a forthcoming number of the NEWS we will give biographical
notices of the life and work of several of the deceased.

In spite of the fact that Russian entomology has lost about
fifty of its devotees, including some of its really great, those still
with us are striving to continue their studies as well as condi-
tions will permit. Their main handicap is the lack of literature,
as virtually everything published since 1915 never reached Rus-
sia. With exchange in its present state the purchase of publi-
cations is impossible for them, and they appeal to all American
entomological societies to send sets of journals and single papers
published since 1915, also authors to send separates of their
papers which have appeared since the same date.

All books, journals, etc., may be sent to Mr. G. Jacobson,
Secretary of the Russian Entomological Society, Zoological
Museum of the Academy of Sciences, Petrograd, Russia.
Through the Russian Society distributions can be made as Ear
as possible to the sludc-nts in Petrograd and adjacent Russia.
Kuznetsov, Mordwilko and A. Semenov-Tian-Shanski are at
present on the staff of the Zoological Museum, and they earn-
estly ask for the sending of literature.

200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

We trust our American entomologists will come forward in
the spirit which has made the name of America synonymous
with charity and unselfishness, and send to our Russian col-
leagues the needed literature. Without this, as \ve well know,
good constructive study is not possible, so let us help the living
Russian fellow students, as well as honoring those who have
gone to "the great adventure."

A list of the more prominent Russian entomologists u'lio died
in the years 1916 to 1921 .

Following each name is the date of death.

N. v. ADELUNG, Keeper of Orthoptera in the Zoological
Museum of the Academy of Sciences, Petrograd, November
23, 1917.

S. N. ALFERAKI, Lepidopterist. July 27, 1918.

V. L. BIANKI (Bianchi), Zoological Museum of the Acad-
emy of Sciences, Petrograd, January 10, 1920.

E. M. VASSILJEV, Professor of economic entomology, July,
1919.

N. A. ZARUDNY, known for his field studies in Persia and
Central Asia, March 13, 1919.

V. A. KARAVAJEV, Specialist on Formicidae, 1919.

A. KRULIKOVSKY, Lepidopterist, October. 1920.

N. V. KURDJUMOV, Economic entomologist. September 7,
1917.

V. T. OSHANIN, Keeper of Rhynchota in the Zoological Mus-
eum of the Academy of Sciences, Petrograd, January 26, 1917.

E. V. PYLNOV, Orthopterist, 1920.

V. N. RODZJANKO, Economic entomologist, 1919.

N. M. ROMANOFF (the Grand Duke Nicolas Mikailovitch),
Lepidopterist, January 29, 1919.*

A. A. SILANTJEFF, Economic entomologist, March 21, 1918.

D. A. SMIRNOV, Coleopterist : specialty Curculionidae, Aug-
ust 17, 1920.

A. A. SOPOTSKO, Economic entomologist. May 1, 1919.

J. T. SCHREINER, Economic entomologist, July, 1918.

N. A. CHOLODKOVSKY, Professor of general entomology, spe-
cialty Aphidodea, April 2, 1921.

TH. STCHERBAKOV, Orthopterist; economic entomologist,
September, 1920.

I. SHEVYREV, Chief of the Entomological Laboratory of the
Forest Department, July 7, 1920. J. A. G. REHN.

*See Ent. News, vol. xxx, p. 210.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NF.YVS 201

A Key to the Species of the Genus Coenosia Meigen
(Dipt., Anthomyiidae).

By J. R. MALLOCH.

The species included in this key fall within the limits of the
genus as restricted in several of my recent papers on the family.

Key to species.

1. Legs either entirely yellow or with only a portion of the coxae or

tarsi or both blackened 2

- Legs with at least a portion of one or more pairs of the femora, in

addition to the tarsi, blackened 17

2. Abdomen of male short and broad, segments two and three much

narrowed laterally, with a large glossy black patch on apex of for-
mer and base of latter on each side; dorsum of abdomen in both
sexes with central vitta and paired spots; third antennal segment
black; legs usually entirely reddish yellow; anal angle of wing in
male usually produced thumblike orata Stein

- Abdomen of male not as above, segments two and three not conspicu-

ously narrowed laterally; species not as alxtve in other respects. . . .3

3. Third antennal segment entirely pale yellow 4

Third antennal segment largely or entirely black or brown 10

4. Head including antennae and proboscis yellow ; thorax yellow, with

or without a grayish or blackish dorsocentral vitta and a similarly
colored mark on center of metanotum modestn Loew

- Thorax largely or entirely black, and usually at least a part of an-

tennae or proboscis black or brown 5

5. Abdomen unspotted, more or less broadly yellow at base in male and

with dense white or pale gray pruinescence ; thorax with dense
white or pale gray pruinescence, entirely unmarked: antennae short.
about two-thirds as long as face ni: ca Loew

- Abdomen with paired dorsal spots 6

6. Antennae entirely yellow; abdomen broadly yellow at base, sometimes

entirely yellow, with large, paired dorsal brown spots, fifth sternite
yellow, with long slender processes at the base of the inner margins
of which there are some black setulae ; interfrontalia largely red-
dish anteriorly; hind tibia with the antcrodorsal bristle very strong
and of moderate length, the antero ventral one weak, situated much
nearer to apex of tibia <;;;/. -;nM//.s- Stein

- Antennae with at least the second -eminent largely or entirely black-

ened 7

7. Anterodorsal and preapical dorsal bristles on hind tibia excessively

long and slender, usually three-fourths as long as the tibia; antero
dorsal bristle on mid tibia half as long as tibia, the posterodorsal
one much shorter laiii/ispinosti Malloeli

- Anterodorsal and preapical dorsal bristle- mi bind tibia not ball' as

long as tibia, or the antermlorsal bristle on mid tibia is shorter than
the posterodorsal one N

202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

•

8. Large species, 4.5 to 5 mm. in length ; arista with distinct but short
hairs ; thorax opaque gray, not vittate ; base of abdomen narrowly
yellow, the dorsum with three pairs of black spots comprcssa Stein

- Smaller species, averaging 2.5 mm. in length ; arista almost bare, the

pubescence visible only under a high-power lens ; abdomen either
broadly yellow at base or entirely blackish gray ')

9. Dorsum of thorax opaque gray, with three poorly denned brown lines,

one in center and the others along the line of dorsocentrals ; base
of abdomen broadly yellow, the dorsum with four pairs of black
spots : mid and hind femora each with a short posteroventral bris-
tle; longest bristle on hind tibia not one-fourth as long as tibia,

frisoni Malloch

- Dorsum of thorax distinctly shining, blackish ; base of abdomen not

yellow, dorsum with three pairs of black spots ; mid and hind fem-
ora each with a very long median posteroventral bristle ; longest
bristle on hind tibia about one-third as long as, tibia,

oi'cgoncnsis Malloch

- Dorsum of thorax opaque gray, not vittate; abdomen not yellow at

base, with two pairs of distinct dorsal spots, one on the third and
the other on the fourth tergite ; mid and hind femora each with a
very fine median posteroventral bristle, the one on hind femur very
long ; hind tibia with the bristles very slender, the anterodorsal one
over half as long as the tibia argenticeps Malloch

10. Antennae entirely black; mid tibia with an anterodorsal and a post-
erodorsal bristle 11

- Antennae partly reddish or yellowish ; mid tibia with only the post-

erodorsal bristle 14

11. Scutellum with the apical pair of marginal bristles absent or minute,
the basal pair very long and strong ; abdomen yellowish brown,
without paired dorsal spots dichacta Malloch

- Scutellum with two pairs of strong marginal bristles 12

12. Large species, averaging 5 mm. in length or over; pruinescence of
body brownish yellow ; tarsi not longer than tibiae ; hind femur with
some very strong bristles on basal half of posteroventral surface;
abdomen without dorsal spots or with a very poorly defined pair on
fourth tergite fhnnfrons Stein

- Smaller species, not exceeding 3 mm. in length ; pruinescence of
body either whitish or bluish gray ; hind femur without strong
bristles on posteroventral surface ; abdomen with the dorsal spots
fused, so that the surface presents the appearance of having a
broad brownish-black dorsal vitta, or a narrowly divided pair of
vittae 13

13. Thorax and abdomen with whitish pruinescence; hind femur with

very long anteroventral bristles; hind tibia with the anterodorsal
and preapical dorsal bristles over half as long as tibia,

sctigcra Malloch

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203

- Thorax and abdomen with bluish gray pruinescence ; hind femur with

short weak anteroventral bristles; hind tibia with the anterodorsal
and preapical bristles about one-fourth as long as tibia,

dorsorittata Malloch

14. Hind tibia with one or two short posterodorsal setulae at middle;
propleural bristles very short and stout, the anterior one very con-
spicuously so; lower stigmatal bristle weak or absent,

laricalti Malloch

- Hind tibia without posterodorsal setulae ; pmplrura with a long,

slender bristle and a fine anterior hair 15

15. Abdomen yellow, at least at base; basal two antennal segments and
palpi yellow; thorax densely white pruinescent ; antennae but little

shorter than face inidiscta Stein

Abdomen entirely black; basal two antennal segments and palpi
largely or entirely black In

16. Larger species, about 5 mm. in length; processes of fifth abdominal
sternite much longer than broad, armed with a few long bristles
and numerous long hairs; bristles on posteroventral surfaces ot
mid and hind femora very long and strong, extending from base to
apex, but very widely spaced ; basal segment of mid and hind tarsi
not one-third as long as tibia johnsoni Malloch

- Smaller species, averaging about 3 mm. in length; processes of fifth

sternite but little longer than broad, their surfaces with a few
setulose hairs; bristles on posteroventral surfaces of mid and hind
femora short and weak, confined to basal half; basal segment of
mid and hind tarsi more than one-third as long as tibia,

f!u:ico.ra Stein

17. Wings very noticeably brownish except at bases; legs very long
and slender, gradually darkened from near base of femora apiead.
the tibiae and tarsi usually almost entirely black or brownish black ;
thorax and abdomen densely white pruinescent, without markings. IS

Wings clear ; legs not colored as above, either the femora with
clearly limited black markings apically or entirely black, or tin-
tibiae are pale, or the entire legs arc black except the knees; if tin
thorax and abdomen arc white pruinescent the latter has distinct

paired dorsal spots except in iwpniiclata 1"

\>'. Fnms but little longer than broad, densely silvery pruinescent;
orbits not clearly defined, the bristles except the anterior pair
very weak, sometimes absent; basal scntellar bristles very much
weaker than apical ari/cntnl,i t'omiillctt

- Frons about twice as long as broad, interfrontalia fuscous, orbits

well defined, white pruinescent. the bristles strong; basal scntellar

bristles not much weaker than apical fns.-ifr,nis Malloch

I1'. Third antennal segment with a sharp thornlike point on upper side
at apex; fore coxae and femora largely infuscated; lower st

204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

bristle weak, directed ventrad ; abdomen without paired dorsal spots ;
interfrontalia reddish anteriorly dcnticornis Malloch

- Third antennal segment more or less angulated at apex but not pro-

duced thornlike 20

20. Lower stigmatal bristle very weak, sometimes absent, when present
directed upward ; fore coxae and femora entirely or almost entirely
black 21

- Lower stigmatal bristle directed outward and ventrad, or the legs

not colored as above 22

21. Male hypopygium very prominent, fifth dorsal segment very large,
globose; fifth sternite with very large, exposed processes, which
are arcuately emarginate on lower margins and rounded above, pre-
senting a slightly crescentric shape ; mid and hind femora in both
sexes usually yellow; basal segment of hind tarsi not one-third
as long as their tibiae hypopyyialis Stein

- Hypopygium moderately prominent; fifth dorsal segment subequal in

length to basal segment of hypopygium; fifth sternite with large
processes which are almost straight on their inner or lower mar-
gins ; mid and hind femora usually yellow ; basal segment of hind
tarsus a little over one-third as long as hind tibia,

errans n. n. (stcinii Johnson nee Verrall)

- Hypopygium very small, hardly protruded, fifth sternite with very

short processes ; mid and hind femora conspicuously blackened at
apices; basal segment of mid and hind tarsi at least one-third as
long as their tibiae I at a Walker

22. Fore coxae largely or entirely, mid and hind femora entirely yel-
low 23

- Fore coxae and all femora largely or entirely black 25

- Fore coxae yellow, all femora with a black or brownish mark above

near apices; abdomen unspotted: antennae and palpi black; thorax
and abdomen with pale gray pruinescence impunctata Malloch

23. 'Male with a bare glossy black area on each side of abdomen at apex

of first segment ; abdomen in both sexes with an interrupted central
vitta and paired spots on dorsum black ovata Stein

- Male without a hare glossy area on each side of abdomen; abdomen

in both sexes with only paired dorsal spots 24

24. Antennae short, extending but little below middle of face, upper
apical angle of third segment blunt: abdomen in both sexes with
very distinct paired dorsal spots flm'ico.ra Stein

- Antennae elongate, extending over four-fifths of the distance to

mouth-margin, upper apical angle of third segment very acute;
abdomen in both sexes with very indistinct paired dorsal spots,

pallipcs Stein

25. Hind tibia with two or three median anterodorsal bristles,

itlicna Malloch

- Hind tibia with only one anterodorsal bristle 26

XXxii, '21] KNTOMOLOCICAI. NKWS 205

26. Fore tarsi yellow, last segment black; hind tibiae largely black,

nitiricoxa Stein

- Fore tarsi black 27

27. Third antennal segment in male very broad ; abdomen in both sexes

with an interrupted central vitta and paired spot:* on dorsnin ; ante-
rior mid tibial bristle much nearer to apex of tibia than is the
posterior one; apex of fourth wing-vein much basad of apex of
third ntfitH'ia Stein (tibial is Stein)

- Third antennal segment of male narrow ; abdomen in both sexes with

or without paired dorsal spots and without central vitta; anterior
bristle on mid tibia almost at same distance from apex as the
posterior one; apices of third and fourth veins in vertical line or
almost so 28

28. Lower calyptra barely larger than upper; hind tibia with a median

posterodorsal bristle; legs black, bases of tibiae narrowly red,

Hoploiiastcr califurnicnsis Malloch

- Lower calyptra at least twice as large as upper ; hind tibia without

median posterodorsal bristle 29

29. Large species, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. in length; tibiae entirely reddish yel-
low; processes of fifth abdominal sternite of male longer than their
basal width alticnla Malloch

- Smaller species, not over 3.5 mm. in length ; tibiae pale at bases. . .30

30. Frons grayish pruinescent, the interfrontalia when seen from in

front grayish, when seen from behind less distinctly so; processes
of fifth abdominal sternite of male not longer than their basal
width fmtcrna Malloch

- Frons not grayish pruinescent, the interfrontalia when seen from in

front brownish, from behind velvety black. . . .tinth nicina Malloch

My species Cocnosia cilicauda belongs to Macrocoenosia.

Professor P. Stein has published (1920) a lar.^c paper on
North American Anthomyiidac in which he has described sev-
eral species of this genus, but I am unable to locate with cer-
tainty any of his valid species except niyrico.va in my key.
Several of the species he describes as new are synonyms ot
previously described species. His argenticolor is art/cntatu
Coquillett. [•olfida is evidently inodcsta Loew, and albibasis is
nlvca Loew. In his notes under argenticolor he mentions a
variant which is fuse! front Malloch, and under pilosissivna
Stein he mentions another which is orcuoncnsis M-illoch. His
pilosissiina is my longispinosa, but I have no exact data as to
the publication and distribution of his paper, so cannot decide
which name will fall. There are one or two other synonyms
involved.

206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Pamphila ottoe Edw. and pawnee Dodge, with
Description of a New Form (Lep., Rhop.).

By R. A. LEUSSLER, Omaha, Nebraska.

A study of ottoe and pawnee has recently been undertaken
in an endeavor to classify a form of Pamphila met with from
time to time at Omaha, Sioux City and elsewhere in this
vicinity, which appeared to be neither typical ottoe nor typical
pawnee but partakes of the characteristics of both.

P. ottoe, described from a single male, is a very lightly
marked form in which the fuscous border of the primaries is
faint and very narrow. It is apparently correctly illustrated
in Holland's Butterfly Book, PL 46, figs". 11 and 12.

In paivnee the male has broad, well defined, fuscous bor-
ders on both primaries and secondaries, with a tendency for
the fulvous area to creep out over the dark borders, especially
at the apex of the primaries where it resolves itself into dis-
tinct spots. On the underside of the secondaries there is
almost invariably a row of small light spots. The typical
female is quite dark with pale spots on both primaries and
secondaries, well defined on upper as well as under surface.
Dodge, in his original description, makes definite mention of
these spots on the secondaries.

Race montana Skinner is a very dark form, the upper sur-
face with more extensive fuscous areas, and the under sur-
face more brownish yellow than pawnee.

In eastern Nebraska and western Iowa another form is
found which differs from both ottoe and pawnee and it seems
desirable to name it. I therefore propose the name

Pamphila ogallala, n. form.,

after the branch of the Sioux Indians of that name. Its char-
acteristics are as follows :

In size it will average slightly larger than paivnee. males measuring 40
mm. and females 46 mm. as against 34 mm. and 40 mm. in the case, of
Pawnee.

$ Primaries with fairly broad, fuscous border, not clearly defined,
with pale fulvous irrorations over the fuscous borders, not forming dis-
tinct spots, however, as in paivnee. Less duskiness below stigma than
in pawnee. Secondaries with larger fulvous area than in paivnee; ful-
vous tone of both wings tawnier than in pawnee. Under surface more
ochreous than in pawnee and without spots on either wing.

9 . The greatest difference between pawnee and otiallala appears in
this sex. While the 9 pawnee is generally dark with well-defined pale

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOI.OCICAL NEWS 207

spots standing out in clear contrast, the 9 ogallala is largely fulvous,
with hroad fuscous border on primaries, not clearly defined, the pale
fulvous irrorations over fuscous borders forming fairly well-defined
pale spots in apical portion ; there is a rather prominent, almost square,
semi-translucent spot under the cell, midway between base and outer
margin, and a smaller triangular one above it and nearer outer mar-
gin; a fuscous patch between the large quadrate spot and base of
wings. Secondaries fulvous with dentate fuscous border, fuscous costal
edge, anal angle and inner margin. On under surface the pale spots
of primaries show through, but the secondaries are unspotted.

Allotypc — male, captured at Omaha, Nebraska ; hole/type—
female, also captured at Omaha, both now in the collection of
R. A. Leussler. Ten male and five female paratypcs from
Omaha, West Point, Lincoln and Valentine, Nebraska, and
Sioux City, Iowa.

An examination of the genitalia of pawnee and ogallala, by
Dr. A. W. Lindsey, indicates that the two forms are con-
specific. A male pawnee which had been compared with speci-
mens pronounced by Mr. E. A. Dodge to be typical (the type
having been destroyed by fire) was used for this purpose. It
is our opinion that both forms will prove to be conspecific
with ottoc. In such case the following arrangement would
seem to be proper

Painpliila ottoe Edw/

form pau'iicc Dodge
form ogallala Leussler
race inontana Skinner

As a general thing pawnee flies in late August and early
September and ogallala in late June and early July. There are
exceptions to this rule, however, and we cannot therefore con-
sider them strictly seasonal forms. Neither can we regard
them as geographic races, since both occupy the same territory.

The Geographical Distribution of the Machaon-Group of the
Genus Papilio (Lep., Rhop.).

The view has been expressed that the various species of the Genus
Papilio. which are related to P. machann Linnaeus, and are found in
Eastern Asia and in North America, thence extending southward into
South America, arc derivatives of the European form first named by the
Father of Natural History. As a student of paleontology and phylog-
eny, I wish to place upon record my dissent from this view. The
metropolis of this group in my judgment is the western hemisphere,
rnd the original center of dispersion was the region covered by the
northwestern states of the I'nited States rind British Columbia. From
this center of dispersal have radiated (lie various forms, and /'. inaeliaini
represents the extreme westward extension of the group of allied forms.

This view is strictly in accord with what we now kno\\- as to the
origin of certain mammalia; e. <i., the horse and the camel.

I have not time at the moment to go deeply into the subject, but
desire to state that it appears to me far more reasonable, in view of

208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

the large number of species, sub-species, and varietal forms which are
found in North America and are referable to the machaon-group, to
regard the New World as the original center of distribution, rather
than Europe. The Papilionidae are represented in Europe by only a
couple of stragglers, one of which is P. machaon. It is on the western
periphery of the region occupied in migration, the center of original
distribution having been as indicated above.

A great deal might be said in amplification of. and to sustain, this
view, but I content myself at the moment with a bald statement of my
general conclusion. — W. J. HOLLAND, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

A Race of Papilio troilus from Southern Florida (Lep., Rhop.).

In the Royal Palm Hammock, at almost the extreme southern tip
of Florida, I found* last winter, an interesting race of Papilio troilus.
It is a form midway between the typical Iroilus and the var. te.vanus
Ehr. The enlargement of the yellow submarginal spots is not so great
as in tc.ranus. but they are, and particularly on the fof"e-wings, larger
and more brilliantly yellow than in troilus. The under side is especially
brilliant ; more so than either the typical troilus or te.vanus.

The Royal Palm Hammock is an interesting place. Made a State Park
chiefly through the interest of Theodore Roosevelt, it is under the
supervision of the federated women's clubs of the State of Florida. It
is a bird sanctuary, and perhaps the last habitat of the great Ivory-
billed woodpecker. It abounds in the beautiful and interesting tree-
snails, Liguus, spec. ? At the time of my visit, Feb. 24-28, 1920, the
weather was coo! and chilly, and insect life not abundant. My first
insect on arriving was the P. troilus described above. In front of the
"Club House" is a large patch of the pretty wild verbena, and it was
here that I first, and always, found these butterflies, which fed greedily
on the purple blossoms. A .few Hesperidae were taken here, chiefly
P. maculata, with one P. palatka. At dusk Sphingidae were plentiful,
but only E. lugubria, X. tersa, A', pluto, with' one C. grotci and one
P. lusca.

I also took at a common weed ( ?) one A. tantalus, probably form
sonata, in fine condition. Several species of Syntomidae were fairly
plentiful.

Dr. Sanford took at Jupiter (Indian River), after my return North,
an interesting variation of P. troilus ah. radialiis Strecker, which is
now in my collection. This specimen is in general much like the typical
texanus, but more intensely colored. The submarginal spots on the
secondaries above are so enlarged that the black area between them
and the marginal lunules is reduced to a mere line. The corresponding
orange spots below are of large size and intense brilliancy. The second
and third submarginal spots from anal angle, on the secondaries above,
are prolonged into the discal area, being rather "rays" than spots, but
only these two are so prolonged.— WM. C. Woon, New York.

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209

Miscellaneous Studies in the Family Aphididae

(Hem. Horn.).1

By ALBERT F. SWAIN, Fresno. California.

V. NOTES ON SOME LACHNIDS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

During the spring of 1919 the writer, while a member of
the Detachment of United States Army Students in British
Universities, had an opportunity to spend a few weeks in study
at the Natural History Museum (British Museum), London.
Unfortunately his time was limited, so only a portion of the
aphid collection in the Museum was studied by him, having
confined himself entirely to the study of the Lachnids in the
Francis Walker and George Buckton Collections.

It is probable that the specimens in both of these collections
are the ones from which Walker and Buckton drew up their
descriptions, but unfortunately this is not at all certain. In
neither collection do the specimens bear labels which would
indicate whether or not they are type specimens, or whether
they are the specimens used in the describing of the species.
Those in the Buckton collection bear labels showing Buckton's
determination, and in some few cases showing host and locality
records. In the majority of the specimens the collection data
are by means of key letters, the key to which is not now avail-
able. In the Walker collection the labels show his determina-
tion, host, locality and date of collection. As just stated, there
is no certainty that these are the specimens from which Walker
and Buckton drew up their descriptions and in some cases there
is a discrepancy between their descriptions and the specimens.
However the writer believes these were probably due to the lack
of modern equipment, such as microscopes and micrometer
scales, rather than to the fact that other specimens were used.

In the following notes the writer has listed the actual speci-
mens available, and where discrepancies exist between them
and the descriptions, such are noted. In addition the writer
has attempted to place these species in their proper place as
understood at the present time. In this he has followed tin-
generic classification of A. < '. Raker.- \s for specific di-U-rmi-

JThis paper is a continuation of one, the first four parts of which
were published in Entomological AY,v.9, December 1918, pp. 361-369.
2Baker, A. C., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 826, August, 1920.

210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

nations he has been guided by the works of such aphid students
as Choloclkovsky, Del Guercio, Mordwilko and others. Further-
more he wishes to acknowledge the many valuable suggestions
received from and the very kind courtesy extended by Mr.
Frederick Lainge of the Natural History Museum.

Tribe LACHNINI Baker.
Sub-tribe Pterochlorina.

1. Stomaphis quercus (Linn.). Walker; five slides (6 apterous
9$); "quercus; oak; Dulwich; Aug. 6-47. "3

This is the very characteristic species found throughout
Europe on oaks and the one for which Walker described the
genus Stowaphis*

2. Pterochlorus longipes (Dufour). Walker; four slides (2 alate,
2 apterous, several immature 99); "roboris; oak; Southgate; July
5-47" (also July 27, Aug. 5 and Aug. 7, 3847).

These specimens agree very well with Walker's description except
that the fourth and fifth antennal segments in the apterous females are
equal, while the third is equal to the combined lengths of the two, and
the rostrum extends only to the base of the third abdominal segment.
Walker states that the fourth antennal segment is "less than half the
length of the third; the fifth a little shorter than the fourth," and that
the rostrum reaches to the "hind hips."

These differences are however of only minor importance.
There is no doubt in the writer's mind that this is the same
species that Del Guercio described as Dryaphis longipes (Du-
four), although Del Guercio makes no mention of the sen-
soria that appear on the third, fourth and fifth antennal seg-
ments of the alate female. As Del Guercio points out, Buck-
ton's Dryobius croaticus Koch is in all probability this same
species, but his Dryobius longipes (Dufour) is not this one.
That species belongs to the subtribe Lachnina of Baker, and
not to the Pterochlorina. and specimens in his collection appear
to be the same species as Walker's piccac. with the possibility
of an incorrect host plant determination, or they may be an un-
named species very closely related to that one. See the dis-
cussion under Dilaclinus piccac (Walker) No. 13 below.

3In each case the writer lias listed the number of slides, with the
number of specimens thereon, the collection in which they are found,
and the data which appear on the labels.

"Walker, Francis. The Zoologist, vol. 28, p. 2000, .1870.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOI.OCICAT NF.XVS 211

3. Pterochlorus roboris (Fabr.).

There are no specimens of this species in either the Walker
or Buckton collections and it is included here onlv hecause it
has been recorded by Morley5 from the Isle of Wight, although
it is possible that he had the same species as did Walker and
followed him in naming it. However Lainge tells the writer
that it is a very common species throughout England and
Scotland.

4. Pterochlorus cistatus (Walker) Buckton.

What this species is the writer has no idea as Buckton's de-
scription is very meagre and there are no specimens in either
collection that could very well fit the description.

5. Pterochlorus viminalis (Boyer). Buckton; four slides (2 alate,
2 apterous 99); "saligna Sulz." taken from willow at Charshalton.

This is a common species in southeastern England, and for
that matter throughout Europe and America. Morley has re-
corded it from Ipswich and Theobald from Kent.

Sub-tribe Eulachnma.

6. Eulachnus agilis (Kalt.). Walker; three slides (2 alate, 4
apterous, 1 immature 991: "aailis: Scotch Pine; Southgate; June 15-
47." Buckton; two slides (2 apterous, 3 immature 99); "ayilis."
These specimens differ from Kaltenbach's description in that the
sixth antennal segment of the alate female is subequal to the fifth
and not "half as long as the fifth." »

Koch figures the apterous of this species as a variety of
pinctl Fabr. Cholodkovsky states that the fourth antennal seg-
ment in the alate female is a little shorter than the fifth and
much longer than the sixth. In these specimens, however, thev
are all three subequal. This is without doubt the true E. agili\-
(Kalt.). Theobald records this species from Kent. Morley
from Suffolk, and Miss Jackson" from Scotland.

Sub-tribe Lachtiina.

7. Lachnus fasciatus Burm. Walker; two slides (2 alate, 3 apterous
99); "cnstata; Spruce fir; Southgate; June L'.VIT." (Also June
30-47).

•"'Morley, Claude. Jottings on Aphides taken during 1907 and 1008.
The Kntomologist, vol. 41, pp. 233-237, 1908.

GJackson, Dorothy J. Further Notes on Aphides ("nllertrd princi-
pa ly in the Scottish Highlands. Scottish Naturalist, pp. 157-165, Sept.
-Oct., 1919.

212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

This species is the fasciatus Burm. of Del Guercio and other
European students (farinosa Cholod.). the lanceolate rostrum,
short first joint of the hind tarsus, the once-branched media,
and the shaded forewings being quite typical. Walker indi-
cates in his description that the media is twice-branched, but
such is not the case in his specimens. Theobald records this
from Kent, and Jackson from Kent and Scotland.

8. Schizolachnus tomentosus (De Geer). Walker; three slides
"pincti; Scotch pine; Southgate ; June 25-47;" one slide; "pineti; Scotch
fir; Southgate; June 15-47." Buckton ; three slides (2 alate, 2 apterous
and 1 immature 99); "Mindanis abietinus Koch." Buckton ; three
slides ( 1 alate, 1 apterous, several immature 99); "Schizoneura fuligi-
nosa Buck."

All these are the same species, and are the one described by
Del Guercio as tomentosus (De Geer), not his pineti Koch.
The media is once-branched, rather than twice-branched as in-
dicated by Walker. This is indeed the pincti of Fabricius,
which is a synonym of tomentosus De Geer. Lachnus pineti
Koch is a different species.

9. Dilachnus cupressi (Buckton). Buckton; one slide (1 alate, 4
apterous, and I immature 99); "Lachnus cupressi; Cornwall ; Nov."
This is the species described by Buckton from cypress at Cornwall, and
these are perhaps the type specimens. Additional descriptive notes are
herewith appended : 4

Alate viviparous female. Body rather small ; antennae rather long
for a Lachnid, reaching to the base of the abdomen, pale except at joint
and segment VI. Ill with 3-4 secondary sensoria on apical half, IV
with 2 secondary sensoria on apical half, and V with one secondary and
one primary sensorium, VI with the usual primary and accessory sen-
soria. Ill is the longest segment, with IV, V, and VI subequal, com-
bined being longer than III (V slightly longer than IV or VI, the lat-
ter two being practically equal). Cornicles quite large and prominent,
being half as long (high) as wide at the base; dark colored. Cauda
prominent, half -moon-shaped. Legs quite long. Body covered with
many fine hairs, which appear longest and thickest on cauda, antennae
and legs. Beak lanceolate, reaching to the base of the second abdomi-
nal segment. Measurements : Body length 2.487, width at thorax
0.969, width between eyes 0.350, antennae total 1.204-1.210, III 0.420-
0.434, IV 0.182-0.190, V 0.210-0.215, VI 0.182-0.1% mm.; cornicles height
0.126-0.154, width at base 0.280, width at apex 0.075-0.080; hind tarsi
0.070 x 0.294; 0.070 x 0.312, wings length 3.88-4.06, width 1.39-1.42, ex-
pansion 9.04 mm. Media rather distinct for a lachnid, twice-branched.
Stigma long and rectangular.

xxxii. '21] ENTo.\ioi.o.;ir\i. NKVYS 213

The only other record of this species the writer has been
able to locate is that of Cholodkovsky who reports having taken
a species which he believes to be this from "Der Krim" in
October.

10. Dilachnus hyalinus (Koch). Buckton ; one slide (2 alate $ $,
1 apterous and 1 immature 99): "macrocephalus; Bramshot." Buck-
ton ; one slide (1 apterous 9) ; "abiclis Walker."

This species from Picea e.vcelsa is the one described by
Buckton as Lachniis macrocephalus sp. n.. but which Cholod-
kovsky and Del ( iuercio place as a synonym of Lachnns hya-
linus Koch. Mordwilko states that it is possibly a synonym.
Buckton records it from Bramshot and Walthamston and Mor-
ley from Ipswich.

11. Dilacjhnus juniperi (De Geer). Walker; three slides (5 alate,
10 apterous, several immature 99); "juniperi; juniper; Southgate;
June 4-47 (also June 25)." Buckton; three slides (2 alate, 7 apterous

99).

This is the species described by Del Guercio as Lachniella
jnnipcri ( Fabr. ) , ( De Geer first named and described this
species 1780), the sensoriation being typical.

In the alate females secondary sensoria occur as follows, III 6-7, IV
2-5, V 1-2; in the aptera IV 1-2. V 1. Antennal measurements of four
alates are III 0.316-0.392 (0.364), IV 0.154-0.196 (0.168), V 0.210-0.238
(0.224), VI 0.210-0.252 (0.238) mm. The venation is irregular inas-
much as although the media is typically twice-branched, in two speci-
mens both wings show the media but once-branched.

This species has been reported by Theobald from Kent and
by Jackson from Kent and Scotland.

12. Dilachnus laricis (Walker). Walker; two slides (2 alate, 3 ap-
terous, and 1 immature 99); "laricis; larch; Southgate; July 25-47"
(also August 2-47). The aptcrae of this species are very characteristic
in that the body is covered with more or less distinct tubercles, these
being the most prominent on the front of the head.

Without doubt this is the same species that Del Guercio7
records from larch at Protolina, Italy, and describes as Lach-
niella nigrotuberculata n. sp., tin- body tubercles on tin- apter-
ous females being so very characteristic.

(To be continued.)

7Redia, vol. 5, pp. 306-309, 1908.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, 1921.

The Importance of Collecting.

Elsewhere in the present number of the NEWS we notice the
Report of the Proceedings of the Third Entomological Meet-
ing held at Pus a (India). To those Proceedings Dr. David
Sharp contributed a brief paper entitled "The Importance of
Collecting." As few of our readers, 'probably, will see the
original and as the paper, coming from such an eminent ento-
mologist, is of universal application, we believe we cannot do
better for our editorial page than to quote from Dr. Sharp's
remarks, as follows :

Many who have a taste for entomology begin collecting with enthu-
siasm, but after a time diminish their efforts or even altogether abandon
them. There are numerous reasons that account for this fact, but

I need allude to but one of them, and that is a belief that

collections are more advanced and nearer completion than the other
branches of entomology are. This I believe to be a great error ....

The great sociologist Herbert Spencer held that it was amongst the
very first duties of a civilized community to make itself thoroughly
acquainted with the environment among which it lives.

Alas, to think how very far we are from this. There is not a single
square mile of the earth's surface of which we know thoroughly the
fauna and flora. Hence the number of existing forms with which we
are totally unacquainted is very great, and I feel that I need not insist
on this, for I believe all entomologists will admit it ....

But to get together a collection of all the insects of a limited region
is merely to lay one of the foundation-stones of the science of ento-
mology in that region. For we have not only to recognize that the
creatures exist, but also to become acquainted with their variation, their
distribution and their habits ; to study the anatomy and the development
of each species, and (as many at least among us recognize) their evo-
lution, i. e., the relation of their generations. And what a huge number
of specimens is required for all these purposes, of this huge number
of kinds that we believe to be in existence.

I say then, do not discontinue collecting but go on with it with the
greater knowledge and discretion that your experience may suggest.

I urge this because entomology is the science of many generations.
In a hundred years (I might say a thousand with almost equal truth)

214

XXxii,'21] ENTo.M.i! <><;ir \I. \K\VS 215

entomology will still be in a rudimentary state ; but in that period many
of the species of animals now existing will have become extinct. The
constant extinction of other animals by the extension of civilization is
one of the saddest facts that the naturalist is forced to recognize, and
\ve should at least endeavor to preserve some record of them for the
instruction of posterity. It is frequently said nowadays that posterity
can take care of itself, but it cannot do so in the matter of a knowledge
of the animals that we have caused to cease to exist.

..... ] can merely add that in my opinion the advancement of
collections should be attained by international combination. For want
of this the extremely limited resources of entomology are much wasted,
and the admirable enthusiasm of collectors is smothered if not entirely
extinguished.

"To become acquainted with their distribution, . . . their
evolution," "to preserve some record of them," means not only
to accumulate the specimens themselves but to attach to them
written or printed records of the localities and the dates where
and when they were collected, and, if bred, the circumstances
and the parentage. Locality is geographical, topographical
and ecological. It is often easier to obtain and to attach these
data than it is to collect the specimens, and yet how often are
these data (as valuable as the insects themselves) lacking!

Notes and Newrs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE

Rearing Anthomyid Root Maggots on Artificial Media (Dipt.).

The use of nutritive broth (bouillon) for the rearing of Dipterous
larvae by the French Entomologist, Jean Henri Fabre, has suggested
a practical method for observing the larval changes of certain Antho-
myidae which normally feed within the tissue of the host plant. Ex-
periments with the Onion Maggot, Uylt'iiiyiu antii/n<i Meig., and the
Cabbage Maggot, Ilylcmyiu hnixsn\ic Bouche, have demonstrated that
these species may be successfully reared on agar jelly containing a high
percent extract of the larval food plant.

Onion agar was prepared by adding ten per cent, commercial agar to
a filtered stock of boiled onioji. Cabhav.i- auar was made in the same
manner, using a stock of boiled cabbage. These media were filtered,
tubed and sterilized for fifteen minutes under twenty pounds pressure.
Agar slants in large test tubes or poured plates in petri dishes were
best adapted for rearing purposes. Female flies fed on these media and
laid their egg clusters on the surface. The eggs were removed, washed

216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

in sterile water, and transferred to fresh agar to avoid contamination.

The larvae hatched in several days and fed on or near the surface of
the agar and, owing to its transparency, could be observed in each
instar. Puparia were formed on the walls of the test tubes or petri
dishes, but best results were obtained by transferring the full grown
larvae to shallow containers of earth and allowing them to pupate there.
Bacterial contamination of the media or the presence of large amounts
of water of condensation proved fatal to the larvae and necessitated
frequent transferring to fresh agar. — JOHN R. EYRE, Pa. State College
Exper. Sta., Girard, Pennsylvania.

Life History of Pyrameis caryae in California (Lep., Rhop.).

Pyrameis caryae is a very common butterfly in our State of Califor-
nia, especially in San Francisco and vicinity. It flies abundantly from
July to the end of November. I took one P. caryae var. muclleri Letch-
er, on January 1st, 1918, and another February 27th, 1919. I captured
some every month except March, April and May. My reason for writ-
ing these few lines about its life history is because during the past
three years I have captured four P. caryae var. muelleri in my garden,
and in 1920 I came to the conclusion that I would employ some of my
time in studying carefully their movements in my own garden and try
to find out whether there might be some P. caryae var. muclleri amongst
them. As soon as' the caterpillars reached almost their full size, I
removed and placed them in breeding cages, so as to obtain the best
result, but, to my great disappointment, out of such a large number as
forty-three caterpillars not one P. caryae var. muclleri appeared ; all
those that emerged from the chrysalids (except a few that were parasi-
tized) were typical P. caryae.

One adult female carries from 75 to 85 eggs. The eggs are deposited
upon the leaf of the food-plant, mallow (Malva borcalis), upon which
the caterpillars, after they are hatched, are destined to live, and the
female reveals wonderful instinct in selecting plants which are appro-
priate to the development of the larvae. No more than five or six eggs
are deposited singly upon the same leaf and always on the upper side
of it. The eggs resemble the shape of a bird's egg, broken in at the top,
and are pale green when first deposited, later changing to a darker color
just before hatching. As soon as the young caterpillar emerges from
its egg it commences to build its web ; I suppose, to be protected against
bad weather and also against some injurious insects, especially the ants
and the spiders, which are very destructive to the young larvae. It
takes eighteen to twenty days for a caterpillar to grow to its full size,
namely, \l/2 inches when crawling. Sometimes the caterpillar, after
having eaten almost the whole leaf before arriving at its natural size,
moves away from it and goes to a fresh one, but never does it construct
a new web. Generally a full-grown caterpillar, after having been under
its web for eighteen to twenty days, leaves its leaf to find a suitable

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217

place to pupate, such as on the walls of the house, stumps, stones, fences,
etc. ; but never more than six feet from the ground. The caterpillars
vary much in color when very small ; at the first stage of their existence
they are almost black, in the second stage, black and yellow, and in the
third stage, black and yellow and sometimes a mouse gray color. Their
food plants are also Lie/us t nan. common name California Privet, and
l.avander. — J. C. HUGUENIN, San Francisco, California.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSOX, JR., AND J. A. G. REHX.

I'mler the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
A.adcmy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
i mology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
ilyriopoda. Articles irrelevant I" American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of ins.-. -is.
however, whether relating' to American or exotic sp. ei.-s, will be record <•'!

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following: list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of pap.-rs containing' new .n'en.-ra or species occurring north
iif Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review ot Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

5 — Psyche, Cambridge, Mass. 6 — Journal of the New York En-
tomological Society. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 10 — Proceed-
ings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11 — An-
nals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 19 — Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomo-
logique de France, Paris. 33 — Annals de la Societe Entomologique
de Belgique, Brussels. 36 — Transactions of the Entomological Soci-
ety of London. 68 — Science, Lancaster, Pa. 71 — Novitates Zoologicae
Tring, England. 77 — Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de
Biologic, Paris. 87 — Arkiv for Zoologi, K. Svenska Ventenskapsaka-
demien, Stockholm. 101 — Journal of The Linnean Society of Lon-
don. 103 — -Biologisches Centralblatt. Leipzig. Ill — Archiv fur
Xaturgeschichte, Berlin. 116 — Entomologist-he Zeitschrift, Frank-
furt a. M. 118 — Die Naturwissenschaften-, Berlin. 122 — Proceed-
ings of the Entomological Meetings. 1'usa, India.

GENERAL. Beeson, C. F. C. — Breeding cages and general insec-
tary technique for wood-borers. Note on the decimal method of sub-
ject indexing entomological literature. 122, iii, S'.i:.'-:. ; K)tS-:>l. Fletch-
er, T. B. — Notes on rearing insects in hot climates. Hints on col-
lecting and preserving insects. 122, iii, 875-92; (.i:;r,-7 l. Hankin, E.
H. — A method of preserving butterflies and other inserts. 122, iii,
<i74-(>. Hewitt, C. G. — Obituary by X. Criddle. (Canadian Nat.,
\\xiv, 171-fi). Muir, F. \ symbiotic organism in I-'tilgorids 5,

218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

xxviii, 59-60. Sharp, D. — The importance of collecting. 122, iii,
976-8. Slater, A. W. — The preparation and reproduction of scientific
illustrations. 122, iii, 1043-48. de la Torre Bueno, J. R.— Standardized
descriptions. 19, xvi, 60-1. Vogt, O. — Ergebnisse der analyse gewis-
ser merkmale einger insektengattungen. 118, xviii, 350-3. Wells, B.
W. — New United States zoocecidia. 5, xxviii, 35-45.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Cappe de Baillon, P.— Con-
tribution anatomique et physiologique a 1'etude de la reproduction
chez les Locustiens et les Grilloniens. — I. La ponte et 1'eclosion
chez les Locustiens. (La Cellule, xxxi, 1-245.) Crampton, G. C. —
The phylogenetic origin of the mandibles of insects and their arthrop-
odan relatives. 6, xxix, 63-100. Preliminary note on the interpre-
tations of insectan and myriopoden structures through a comparison
with the structures of Crustacea. 36, 1920, 340-6. Deegener, P.—
Soziologische studien an raupen und beinerkungen uber licht- und
statischen sinn. Ill, 1920, A 10, 91-154. Enslin, E.— Die irrtumer
der these einer wiederkehrenden terziarzeitahnlichen tierlebens-
periode. 116, xxxv, 5-6 cont. Evans, A. M. — On the structure and
occurrence of maxillulae in the order of insects. 101, xxxiv, 429-56.
Galant, S. — Reflex und instinkt bei tieren. 103, xli, 193-210. Gold-
schmidt, R. — Untersuchungen uber intersexualitat. Erblichkeits-
studien an schmetterlingen III. Der melanismus der nonne, Lyman-
tria monacha. (Zeit. Indukt. Abstam. u. Vererbungslehre, xxiii,
1-199; xxv, 89-163.) Haecker, V. — Weitere phanogenetische unter-
suchungen an farbenrassen. (Zeit. Indukt. Abstam. u. Vererbung-
slehre, xxv, 17;7-84.) Holmgren, N. — Zur ontogenie der stomodeal-
brucke bei den spinnentieren. Vergleichendes uber den kopfbau der
crustaceen und hexapoden. 87, xiii, No. 1; No. 5. Jordan, K. — On
the replacement of a lost vein in connection with a stridulating
organ in a ... moth from Madagascar. . . 71, xxviii, 68-74.
Klatt, B. — Keimdrusentransplantationen beim schwammspinner.
(Zeit. Indukt. Abstam. u. Vererbungslehre, xxii, 1-50.) Lyssy, R.—
Recherches experimentales sur le venin des abeilles. (Archiv. In-
tern. Physiol., xvi, 272-87.) Minnich, D. E. — An experimental study
of the tarsal chemoreceptors of two nymphalid butterflies. (Jour.
Exper. ZooL, xxxiii, 173-203.) Oguma, K. — The idiochromosomes
of the mantis. (Jour. Col. Agric. Sapporo, Japan, x, 3-27.) Paillot,
A. — Influence de la temperature sur le mechanisme de 1'immunite
humorale chez les insectes. 77, Ixxxiv, 737-9. Quast, M. — Beitrage
zur kenntnis der samenubertragung bei Ephestia kuehkniella. Ill,
1920, A 10, 70-90. Reinking, O. A. — The synchronal flashing of fire-
flies. 68, liii, 485-6.

ARACHNIDA, &c. Vitzthum, H. — Acarologische beobachtungen.
Ill, 1920, A 10, 1-69.

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219

NEUROPTERA. Howe, R. H.— The distribution of New Eng-
land Odonata. (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xxxvi, 105-33).

Klapalek, F. — Plecopteres nouveaux. 33, 1921, 146-50.

HEMIPTERA. Baker, A. C.— On the family name for the plant
lice. 10, xxiii, 101-3. Brethes, J. — Description d'un Ceroplastes de
la Kepublique Argentine, et de son parasite. 20, 1921, 79-81. Hick-
man, D. J. — Illustrations of the male hooks in Nabis. 19, xvi, 58-9.
Malloch, J. R. — Systematic notes on llnr.iptera Heteroptera. 19,
xvi, 54-6. Olsen, C. E. — Another European leafhopper in N. Amer-
ica. 19, xvi, 33-7. de la Torre Bueno, J. R. — New records of Florida
bugs. 19, xvi, 61.

Barber, H. G. — Revision of the genus Ligyrocoris. 6, xxix, 100-14.

LEPIDOPTERA. Cleare, L. D. — Butterfly migrations in British
(iuiana. 36, 1920, 331-39. Joicey, J. J. — New forms of Sphingidae.
9, liv, 105-9. Mousley, H. — Further notes on the Rhopalocera or
butterflies of Hatley, Stanatead Co., Quebec. (Canadian Nat., xxxiv,
173-4). Strand, E. — Systematisch-faunistische beitrage zur kennt-
niss exotischer heterocera und Grypocera. . . . Ill, 1920, A. 7,
113-72.

Fox, C. L. — A new aberrant form of Vanessa virginiensis. 5,
xxviii, 45-6.

DIPTERA. Alexander, C. P.— The crane-flies collected by the
Swedish expedition to southern Chile and Tierra del Fuego. A new
genus and sp. of net-winged midge Blepharoceridate and an unde-
scribed sp. of Tanyderidae. 87, xiii. No. 6; No. 7. Collin, J. E.— A
contribution towards the knowledge of the Anthomyiid genera Ham-
momyia and Hylephila. 36, 19:20, 305-26. Dyar, H. G.— The mos-
quitoes of Canada. (Trans. R. Canadian Inst., xiii, 71-120). Greene,
C. T. — Further notes on Ambopogon hyperboreus. 10, xxiii, 107-9.
Malloch, J. R.— Exotic Muscaridae— II. 11, vii, 420-31. Notman, H.
—A compound larva. 19, xvi, 57. Phibbs, G. B. — Variations in the
segmental spines of the fourth-stage larva of Hypoderma bovis.
( Irish Nat., xxx, 53-7).

Felt, E. P. — New sps. of reared gall midges. 6, xxix, 115-18. John-
son, C. W. — New diptera from Texas and Mexico. 5, xxviii, :.r, 9.
McAtee, W. L. — District of Columbia diptera: Scatopsidae. 10,
xxiii, 1:20-4. Malloch, J. R. — A new grims of Anthomyiidae. 19,

xvi. '}'•>.

COLEOPTERA. Aurivillius, C.— Neue oder wenig bckannte cole-
optera longicornia. 87, xiii. No. 9. Bernhauer, M.— Neue Aleocharini
aus Sudamerika. Zur Staphylinidenfauna Sudamerikas, in>l>i-s<mden-
ArKcntinu-ns. Ill, 1920, A 8, 141-70; L70-84. Bowditch, F. C.

220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Notes on the S. American Lacticas. 5, xxviii, 47-,")0. Brethes, J.—
Description d'un nouveau Colydiidae de Buenos-Aires. 20, 1921, 70-1.
Hayes, W. P. — A malformation in Lachnosterna: 19, xvi, 38-40.
Horn, W. — Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der schwedischen ento-
mologischen reise ... in Amazonas. Cicindelidae. 87, xiii,
No. 10. Kasergode, R. S. — On some of the bionomics of Bruchidae.
122, iii, 928-31. Kleine, R. — Die deckenzeichnungen der Brenthidae.
Ill, 1920, A 8, 1-83.

Fall, H. C. — A new Lixus from New Jersey. 19, xvi, 40-1.

HYMENOPTERA. Brethes, J.— (See under Hemiptera.) Parker,
J. B. — Notes on the nesting habits of Tachytes. 10, xxiii, 103-7.
Roman, A. — Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der schwedischen ento-
mologischen reise ... in Amazonas. Chrysididae & Chalcidi-
dae. 87, xii, No. 19. Wheeler, W. M. — Observations on army ants
in Britsh Guiana. (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci., Ivi, 291-328).

Cushman, R. A. — The males of the ichneumon genera Myersia and

Thaumatotypidea, with description of n. sps. 10, xxiii, 109-12. Gahan,

A. B. — Remarks on the genus Pleurotropis with description of a

parasite of Trachelus tabidus. 10, xxiii, 113-20. MacGillivray, A. D.

—New species of Emphytinae and Selandriinae. 5, xxviii, 31-5.

INSFXT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD. By E. DWIGHT
SANDERSON. Second Edition Revised and Enlarged by LEONARD MARION
PEAIRS. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., London: Chapman
& Hall, Limited. 1921. 12mo, pp. vi, 707; 602 figures in the text.—
A number of recent American texts on the insect enemies of cultivated
plants are now available. If a small volume, in which the insects are
considered from the standpoint of their own taxonomic groups, is de-
sired, there is Prof. Herbert Osborn's Agricultural Entomology (1916).
Prof. Wm. Lochhead's Class Book of Economic Entomology (1919) is
more extended and deals first with insects injurious to each crop or
plant, with cross references to Part III on the taxonomic insectan
groups. Prof. Washburn's Injurious Insects and Useful Birds (1918)
and Prof. O'Kane's Injurious Insects, Horf lo Recognize and Control
Them (1912) are still larger books in which the treatment is by the
objects damaged. Much more detailed, but of narrower scope, are
Slingerland and Crosby's Manual of Fruit Insects (1914) and Prof.
G. W. Herrick's Insects Injurious to the Household and Annoying to
Man (1914). in both of which the sequence of topics is that of the
things injured. The last two works presuppose, or at least do not
present, a general sketch of insect structure and development. In the
other four such a general account is included and this explains the
relative number of pages devoted to insects in general and to general

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221

methods of control in the six volumes respectively: 35. 112, 67, 104.
26 and 20.

The present volume by Profs. Sanderson and Peairs is larger than
any of those mentioned and more extended in its treatment of the
topics common to it and to the first four named, Imt covers less ground
in those parts corresponding to the suhject matter of the last two.
Thus it devotes 210 pages to insect enemies of orchards and small
fruits, with which almost the whole (or 465 pages) of Slingerland and
Crosby's 'book is concerned, the corresponding figures for I.ochhead
being 40-50. for Washburn 105, and O'Kane 125.

The first edition, by Prof. Sanderson alone, appeared in 1912.* Prof.
Peairs has now made a thorough revision of the original text, added
several new articles and three new chapters dealing with insects inju-
rious to citrus fruits (Chap. XXVII), to man and in the household
(XXVIII) and to domestic animals and poultry (XXIX). The first
chapter gives some figures showing the tremendous damage done in
the United States to various crops by insects, aggregating 21/^ billions
of dollars annually. Beneficial1 insects, structure and development of
insects, farm methods for their control, insecticides and spraying and
dusting apparatus each receive one chapter. Chapters VII to XXVI
consider the insects injurious to farm, garden and orchard from the
standpoint of the plants damaged, and the methods for checking them.
The book is clearly written, fully illustrated and should be very useful
to those desiring a treatment of the subject matter, of medium length,
as indicated by the comparisons given above. — PHILIP P. CAI.VERT.

REPORT OF THE PROCKEIMNT.S OF THE THTRD ENTOMOLOGICAL MKF.TIXC.
Held at Pusa on the 3rd to 15th February, 1919. In three volumes.
Edited by T. BAINRRIC.CF FLETCIIKU. R.N., F.L.S., F.E.S., F.Z.S., Im-
perial Entomologist. Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Printing, India. 1920. 8vo.
Pp. xii, 417, pis. 1-69; pp. vi, 418-835, pis. 70-129; pp. vi. S3o-l 137, pis.
130-182. 17 rupees, 8 annas. The Preface in Vol. I states : "The fol-
lowing report contains an account of the Proceedings of the Third
Entomological Meeting .... As in the case of the Report of the
Proceedings of the Second Entomological Meeting, every endeavor has
been made to provide as full and complete a record as possible. A mere
abstract is of very little use to those workers who require to refer to
the record for references on particular points. The cordial reception
accorded to the preceding Report has indicated clearly the general
appreciation of a detailed record of the Proceedings of a 'Meeting of
this kind .... This Report contains a record of ninety-two original
papers read at the Meeting, exhibitions and discussions, covering various
aspects of Indian Entomology. It w;ll. 1 hop,-, !„• found useful by all

* See Ent. News, xxiii, p. li-'S. Most of the other books mentioned
above were noticed in the News of thr years of their respective appear-
ance, or of the year immediately following.

222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

interested in Entomology, both in and outside of India .... no
Report was published of the First Entomological Meeting held in 1915.
The Report of the Second Meeting, held in 1917, is still available."

The fact that the Report of the Second Meeting* occupied but a single
volume of xii and 340 pages shows how much Indian entomology grew
during the two years between the two meetings. The attendance at the
Third Meeting was forty-six, while sixteen non-attendants contributed
papers ; among the latter we find the names of Prof. Brues, of Har-
vard; Mr. D. T. Fullaway, of Hawaii; Prof. E. B. Poulton, Dr. David
Sharp and Messrs. E. Meyrick and T. H. Watson, of England.

As one might infer the greater part of these three volumes is occu-
pied with the consideration of Indian insects of economic importance ;
indeed, pages 33-314 contain Mr. Fletcher's "Annotated List of Indian
Crop Pests," with numerous brief remarks by those present at the
meeting. Such articles, no doubt, will be helpful to economic ento-
mologists in other lands in the case of widely distributed species. Of
more present interest are perhaps two papers on the Pink Bollworm in
Egypt by Dr. L. H. Gough and Mr. F. C. Willcocks respectively, and
on the "Control of the Melon Fly in Hawaii, by a Parasite \Of>ius
flclchcri] introduced from India," by D. T. Fullaway. The technique
of insect breeding, collecting and preserving forms the subject of five
papers. Entomological publication and education are considered and in
the third volume are several articles of general entomological bearing,
such as the insect prey of birds, spiders as checks on Lepidopterous
larvae, the importance of insects to fisheries, the preparation and repro-
duction of scientific illustrations, the decimal method of subject-index-
ing entomological literature, etc. Altogether we congratulate our Indian
colleagues on their activity and interest as shown by these three vol-
umes.— P. P. CALVERT.

HUMAN PARASITOLOGY with Notes on Bacteriology, Mycology, Labo-
ratory Diagnosis, Hematology and Serology. By DAMASO RIVAS, Asst.
Prof, of Parasitology, etc. [Medical School"!, University of Pennsyl-
vania. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Co. 1920. 8vo. 715
pp., 16 pis., 422 text figs.

PARASITES AND PARASITOSIS OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS. By B. M.
UNDERBILL, V.M.D., Prof, of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medi-
cine, University of Pennsylvania. New York: The Macmillan Co.
1920. 8vo, pp. xix, 379, 8 pis., 172 text figs.

These two text-books, emanating from two schools of the University
of Pennsylvania, naturally include the parasitic arthropods. Dr. Rivas
devotes to them 113 pages (464-475 Arthropods in general, 476-496
Arachnicla, 497-576 Insecta) ; Dr. Underbill gives them 142 pages (13-22
Arthropods and Insects in general, 23-93 Insects. 94-154 Arachnids).
In the first book, Part I is general and introductory (pp. 17-48). Parts

* See Ent. News, xxix, p. 277.

XXXJi, '21] KNTOMOLOCK AL NKYVS 223

II and III deal with animal parasites, Part IV with vegetable parasites,
Part V with technique; the arrangement of Parts II-IV is by taxonomic
groups. Dr. Underbill divides his subject matter into Part I, The
External Parasites (pp. 1-154, including two general chapters) ; Part II.
The Internal Parasites (pp. 155-310), and Part III, The Pathogenic
Protozoa (pp. 311-352) ; within each part the sequence of topics is that
of the systematist. To each of his chapters Dr. Rivas has added a list
of selected references to the appropriate literature. Each teacher of
parasitology has his own preferences as to the method of treatment
of the subject and no doubt these two additions to the growing list of
books on medical and veterinary entomology will prove to be desirable
to many who are not altogether satisfied with previous texts. — P. P.
CALVERT.

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia.

Meeting of December 13, 1920, Director Philip Laurent presiding.
The annual reports were read ; the condition of the ENTOMOLOGICAL
NEWS for the past year and the prospects for the future were dis-
cussed. A method for advertising the purposes and activities of the
Section was discussed and the matter put in the hands of the Publi-
cation Committee for further development. The following dates were
selected for holding the meetings during 1921 : January 27, March 24,
May 26, September 22, November 17, and December 12.* The follow-
ing officers and committee were elected to serve during 1921 : Director,
Philip Laurent; Vice-Director, R. C. Williams, Jr.; Secretary, J. A. G.
Rehn ; Recorder, E. T. Cresson, Jr. ; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson ; Con-
servator, Henry Skinner ; Publication Committee, E. T. Cresson, P. P.
Calvert, E. T. Cresson, Jr.

Meeting of January 27, 1921, Director Laurent in the chair. Four-
teen persons present.

The chair reported the death of Mr. James S. Johnson, of Philadel-
phia, on December 14, 1920. He was a well-known collector of Lepi-
doptera, and his collection contained all or nearly all the species of
Catocala found around Philadelphia.'''

Mr. Kisliuk spoke about some of the pests he recently encountered,
among which were the pink cotton boll worm infesting burlap covering
on goods from Holland : Rniphytiis cine tits on rose stock, and a spe-
cies of Bruchns on Cassia uhbrci iat.i from Northern Rhodesia.

*Alternating with meetings of the American Entomological Societ]
in the other months, except July and August.

'"'Obituary notice in this volume of the NEWS, page 63.

224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21

HEMIPTERA. — Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens of Coccidae, Lecaniodi-
aspis tessellata, on the Tulip Poplar from Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Laurent exhibited specimens of all the species of
butterflies formerly belonging to the genus Pamphila, now divided into
22 genera, that have been recorded from Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
In his remarks he stated that he had captured 21 of the 30 species either
in New Jersey or Pennsylvania, and had studied the early stages of 16.

Dr. Skinner called attention to a pair of specimens exhibited by Mr.
Laurent as belonging to a species he recently described from Haiti.
Choranthus haitcnsis (Ent. News, xxxi, 187). These specimens were
captured in April at Guntown, Levy County, Florida.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn made a few remarks on the African cock-
roaches of the sub-family Perisphaerinae, illustrating his remarks with
representatives of both sexes of eight genera. The speaker discussed
the sexual dimorphism shown and also explained the peculiar pronotal
modifications found in these genera. He spoke about the recent dis-
covery of a species of the orthopterous genus AtLinticus in China. T'le
genus was previously known only from North America.

Meeting of March 24, 1921 ; eight persons present. In the absence of
the Director and Vice-Director, Dr. Skinner presided.

The Publication Committee submitted a draft of a circular of general
information which they were ordered to compile. This was approved
by the Society and referred by them to the Section for further action.
The circular was ordered to lie printed from the draft as submitted.

Correspondence from Jacques Lefevre was read, stating that he was
to collect in Brazil and would like to hear from any one desiring Cole-
optera or Lepidoptera from that locality.

Messrs. John C. Hollinger, 'Max Kisliuk, Jr., and Richard C. Norris,
Jr., were elected contributors.

DIPTER\. — Mr. Cresson exhibited some chrysanthemum leaves which
were infested with galls, from which had been reared a species of
Cecidcmyiidae, shown in balsam mounts. The species is not determined
as yet.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner exhibited some twigs of the wild cherry
to which were attached very small cocoons, which he supposed to be
those of a species of microlepidoptera of the genus Coptndisca. He
also exhibited some lepidopterous larvae which had been preserved in
listerine. They have been immersed now for over a year and have not
changed color.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rchn spoke about some Orthoptera received for
determination from Mr. E. R. Buckell, collected in the northern part
of British Columbia, between the Chilcotin and Fraser Rivers, many
species of which were found to be injurious to the range. The speaker
said that the collection has enabled him to extend northwards the dis-
tribution of a few of the known species.-— E. T. CRKSSON, JR., Recorder.

In Stock

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rhetener, 200.00, , 100.00

adonis 56.00

Oraithoptera hecuba, males 65.00. 45.0O

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African Lycaena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable lor Jew*
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THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

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OCTOBER, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII No. 8

OCT -7 1921

THOMAS BF.LLERBV WILSON
1*07-

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D.. Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKIXXER. M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. RF.HN.

PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WEXZEL.

PHILADELPHIA. PA.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Logan Square

Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Pott Office as Second :ter.

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Act of October 3, 1917, authorized Januar-

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MANUSCRIPTS. Address all other communications to the editor, Dr.
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TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions will be considered and passed
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Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will
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ENTOMOLOGICA

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOL

THE ACADKMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHI

VOL. XXXII

OCTOBER, 1921

No. 8

CONTENTS

Swain— Miscellaneous Studies in the
Family Aphididae ( Hem., Horn.) . . 225

Johannsen — The Genus Diamesa Mei-
gen ( Diptera, Chironomidae ) 229

Sherman and Rrimley— A State Insect
Survey Project 232

Skinner — Two New Species of Hespe-

ridae (Lepid., Rhop.) 236

Metcalf — Homopterological Gleanings,
No. i 237

Ewing — A Second Nearctic Species of
Protura, Acerentulus barberi, New
Species 239

Champlain — A Curious Mating Habit
of Megarhyssa atrata (Fab.) (Hy-
men: Ichneumonidea) 241

Editorial — That he who Runs may
Read — 242

Barber, Knight, Parshley, de la Torre

Bueno — Manual of the Hemiptera
of Eastern North America in Prep-
aration 242

Change of Address— Metcalf, Earth
and de Garnett 243

Crane Flies of New York 243

Caudell — On the Destructive Method
of Dismembering Types for Preser-
vation in Riker Mounts 243

Honorary Degrees Conferred on Ento-
mologists 244

The Mulford Biological Exploration.. 245

Entomological Literature 247

Review of Oberthur's " Etudes " 253

Review of Eighteenth Report of State

Entomologist of Minnesota 254

Doings of Societies— Amer. Ent. Soc.

( Hym., Orth., Lep 255

Miscellaneous Studies in the Family Aphididae

(Hem. Horn.).

By ALBERT F. SWAIN, Fresno, California

(Continued from page 213).

13. Dilachnus piceae (Walker). Buckton ; six slides (2 alate and
several immature viviparous 99,1 apterous oviparous 9, eggs, por-
tions of head and thorax of 2 apterous viviparous 9 $ ) ; "I.achnus piccac
Walker." Walker records this species from Abies picea and A. cxcclsa
in June in London (alate 99) and Buckton from A. cxcclsa from
Hampshire in October where he found oviparous 9 9 and in December
\vhen eggs were present as well. Theobald records it from Kent. Buck-
tun places it as a synonym of Liichims </r<'xxns Kalt., but according to
Kaltenbach's8 description the third antcnnal segment of the apterous
female is equal in length to the following three, while in Buckton's
specimens it is considerably shorter. Following are the measurements
of the five antennae found:

III

0.770

0.742

0.728

0.742

0.785

IV

0280

0.280

0.308

0.290

0.312

V

0.420

0.378

0.420

0.41.0

VI

0.196

0.238

0.196

0.196

"Stettin KntD. Xt-it.. pp. 174-175,

225

226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

In the alate females IV is about one-third as long as III, V equal to
or slightly shorter than IV, and VI subequal to or slightly shorter than
V. Walker states that IV is a little more than one-third the length of
III, V slightly longer than IV, and VI not half the length of V.

This appears to be the same species the writer described from
spruce at Berkeley, California, under the name of Lachmis
vandusci n. sp.9

There are two slides in the Buckton collection (2 alate and
1 apterous females) labeled Lachnns longipes Dufour, which
are most certainly not that species nor are they Ptcrochlonis
roboris (Linn.). An examination of the specimens shows that
the apterous female is identical with that of D. piceae (Walk-
er). In the apterous the rostrum is distinctly lanceolate, while
in the alate it is more blunt, resembling in shape the rostrum
of D. tujafilinus (Del Guercio). It is very similar to the one
figured by Del Guercio10 as a form transitional between his
Lachnns and Lachniella on one side and his Dryaphis and Eit-
taclinus on the other. The general body shape and size, the
sensoriation, length and shape of rostrum are practically iden-
tical with specimens of D. piccac (Walker). Buckton noted
this similarity but stated that these specimens were larger than
specimens of the other species. As they now appear, such is
not the case, however.

The following are measurements of the two alate females:

Body length 3.890
Width between eyes 1,700
Width thorax 1.900
Antennae
total 1 .820 1 .954
III .840 .840
IV .280 .322
V .280 .310
VI .210 .260
Hind tarsi .140 .140

3.710

'.700

.260
.260

7.10
2.45

.700
.280
.255
.210
.090

Wing

length
width
expansion

.420
8.07
2.91

.420
8.38
3.10
18.00

.350
6.78
2.40

9Swain, A. F. A Synopsis of the Aphididac of California. Univ.
Calif. Publ. Tech. Bull. Knt., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 50-51, 1919.
"'Redia, vol. v, p. 193, fig. 7, 1908.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOC.ICAI. NF.WS 227

III has from 13 to 20 large circular sensoria scattered the full length
of the segment, IV has 2 to 4 secondary sensoria, V 1 to 2 secondary
sensoria and the usual primary sensorium, VI has the usual primary
and accessory sensoria.

From all structural characteristics this is Dilachnus piceae
(Walker), but the host plant which Buckton records causes a
question. Practically all species of Dilachnus occur on coni-
fers, piceae being recorded from spruce. Whether Buckton
was mistaken in his host plant record, whether there is an actual
migration in this species between oak and spruce, or whether it
is a distinct but very closely related species is the question. The
only other species the writer calls to mind that migrates from a
conifer to a deciduous tree is Prociphilus vcnafnscus (Patch)
found on ash and Douglass fir in the Pacific Coast sections of
America. From all available evidence the writer feels that
Lachnns longipcs Dufour of Buckton is in reality Dilachnus
piceae (Walker).

14. Dilachnus pinihabitans (Mordw.) Walker: two slides (2 alate,
1 apterous, several immature 99): "pinicola Kalt. ; Scotch fir ; South-
gate; June 4-47" and "pinicola Kalt.; Spruce, Southgate ; June 5-47."
Buckton, one slide (2 alate $ $ , 2 apterous oviparous 99,3 apterous
viviparous 99); "pinicola Kalt."

These specimens do not agree very well with Kaltenbach's
description nor with Del Guercio's description of Eulachnus
pinicolus (Kalt.). The relative measurements of antennal seg-
ments in E. pinicolus (Kalt.) Del Guer. are 7, 7, 43, 22, 24, 18,
while in these specimens they are 11, 11, 64, 27, 29, 15 ; the main
discrepancy being in the last antennal segment, which is approx-
imately one-half the length of the fifth rather than three-
fourths. The actual measurements of two alate females are :

I 1 1 .044 .658 .M4 .630 average .6365

IV .266 .2M .266 .30S .2765
V .280 .294 .294 .308 .2940

VI .154 .154 .168 .154 .1575

Del Guercio states that the first joint of the hind tarsus is
half as long as the second, thus falling into his genus I-.ulach-
nits, while in these specimens it is but slightly more than one-
third (11-28). These specimens do agree, however, witli both
Mordwilko's" and Cholodkovsky's12 descriptions of piniliabitans

"Zool. Anzeiger, v. 18, p. 98, 1895.

"Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., v. 31, pp. 638-640, 1898.

228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21

Mordw. and the writer considers them as identical. Conse-
quently the Lachnus pinicola Kalt. of both Walker and Buck-
ton is really Dilachnns pinihabitans (Mordw.). Theobald
records p'micolns Kalt. from Kent and Morley from Suffolk
and the Isle of Wight. Jackson records pinicola Kalt. from
spruce fir in Evanton and Kent and lists it as a synonym of
abicfis Walker. As pointed out above (see No. 10), a specimen
of abictis Walker in the Buckton collection is really hyalinus
Koch, so perhaps Miss Jackson refers to this species. She also
records pinihabitans Mordw. from Scotch fir in Moreyshire.

15. Dilachnus taeniatus (Koch). Walker; three slides (1 alate, 8
apterous 99); "pini L. ; Scotch pine ; Southgate ; June 25-47." Buck-
ton ; four slides (numerous immature 99); "pini L. ; Pinus sylvestris;
Meadfield ; June." The following brief description is drawn from
Walker's specimens :

Alate viviparous female. Head about twice as broad between the
eyes as deep ; antennae reaching to the middle of the thorax, dark ex-
cept base of III, which is lighter; a few stout hairs on I, II, and III.
Secondary sensoria on III extend from near the tip to about two-thirds
the way to the base ; small, circular, uneven, numbering 6-7. IV with
one secondary sensorium about the middle. Ill about as long as IV, V,
and VI combined, IV and V equal, VI slightly shorter. Ill 0.644, IV
0.252, V 0.210, VI 0.196, total 1.526 mm. Body length 5.17 mm., width
of thorax 2.26 mm., wing length 5.30 mm., width 1.75 mm., expansion
12.20 mm. Cornicles small and inconspicuous, being but little more
than pores, about 0.085-0.110 mm. in diameter. Cauda large and promi-
nent, half-moon-shaped. Hind tarsi long, first joint 0.28 mm., second
0.50 mm. Rostrum reaches to near the base of the abdomen or to the
posterior edge of the second abdominal segment. Body robust and cov-
ered with many short stiff hairs. Wings long, clear, and with twice-
branched media.

Apterous viviparous female. Similar to alate, the body hairs being
stiffer and more pointed. Antennae reach to the base of the abdomen
and are without secondary sensoria. Ill 0.630, IV 0.308, V 0.350, VI
3.224, total 1.722 mm. Body length 4.52 mm., width of thorax 1.35 mm.,
hind tarsi, first joint 0.252, second 0.476 mm. Rostrum reaches to base
of the second abdominal segment.

A study of these specimens shows that they are very similar
to Eulachnus taeniatus (Koch), although in many respects close
to Eulachnus nudus (De Geer). In taeniatus (Koch) of Del
Guercio the third antennal segment is longer in comparison

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

with the following segments than in these specimens. In this
respect and in sensoriation it fits nudus (De Geer) of both
Del Guercio and Cholodkovsky. except thai IV ceriainly is not
"much" longer than VI. Furthermore the rostrum does not
reach to the end of the abdomen, in reality scarcely to t he-
middle. The cornicles are considerably smaller than those fig-
ured by Del Guercio for nudus De Geer. For these reasons tin-
writer considers that Lachnus pini (Linn.) of Walker and
Buckton is Dilachnus tacniatns (Mordw.), and so places it as
a synonym.

The Genus Diamesa Meigen (Diptera, Chironomidae).

By O. A. JOHANNSEN, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Among the Chironomidae, taken in a tent trap which was sei
over a riffle near Fall Creek, Ithaca, N. Y.. were specimens of
a species of Diamesa with yellow thorax. As this form appears
lo be new, it is described herewith. There are several Euro-
pean species which resemble it. I), yaedii Meigen approaching
it most closely. This European species differs, however, in
having a brownish border at the anterior end of the median, and
at the posterior end of the lateral thoracic stripes ; a median
yellow stripe on the metanotum, and a relatively lunger fore
basitarsus.

Diamesa fulva n. sp.

9 . Length 2.2 mm. Head yellow, a diffuse brownish spot on each
side of the median suture on the vertex; front broad, over half the
width of the head, including eyes, in frontal view. Eyes black, some-
what emarginate, glabrous, facets large. Antennae with eight visible
segments, yellow ha sally, apieal segment fuscous, with dusky hairs ;
the basal segment large, disc-like, the second, third and fourth seg-
ments slightly longer than broad, second and third not sharply s
rated from each other, fifth, sixth and seventh about twice as lon« as
broad, eighth fusiform, not quite as long as the preceding three taken
together, total length of antenna 0.25 mm. Kpistome subtriangular. sub-
fuscous, dorsal surface with rather long bristly hairs, tran>\ cr.se suture
very distinct; palpi four-segmented, lirst and second segments suhemKil.
third slightly longer, fourtli about twice as long as the second; total
length of palpus about 0.5 mm.

Thorax yellow, whitish pruinosc. subshining, dorsum with tlmv
broad, more or less distinct ferruginous vittae, laterals anterior!), mid

230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

die one posteriorly abbreviated: collar incised, angles rounded; scutel-
lum yellow, large, tumid, with very few yellowish hairs; pleura pale
yellow, pectus deeper yellow ; metanotum blackish brown.

Abdomen elongate oval, compressed, hairs pale; tergum blackish
brown, posterior margins of the segments paler; venter dull green, pos-
terior margins of the segments paler green: valves of the ovipositor
about as broad as long, racket-shaped, yellow.

Wings hyaline, with distinct milky tinge, anterior veins heavy, yel-
lowish, with few setae ; posterior veins almost colorless ; posterior
branch of radius arched, ending slightly proximad of the tip of the
media, costa produced over one-fourth the distance beyond ' the tip
of the radius towards the tip of the media; wing surface finely and
irregularly roughened as in D. waltlii, without true punctations ; anal
lobe strongly produced, hind margin with a fringe of pale hairs.
Halteres white.

Fore legs subfuscous, except coxae and extreme bases of femora
which are yellow, first tarsal segment over 0.8 as long as the tibia;
middle and hind legs, including coxae, yellow; knees, extreme tips of
tibiae and basal tarsal segments, and the whole of the last four tarsal
segments fuscous; tibial spurs distinct, posterior pairs longest; fourth
tarsal segments on all the legs broadened and emarginate apically, and
but little over half as long as the fifth segment; tarsal claws simple,
empodium shorter than the claws.

Ithaca, New York, May 30, 1914.

The above description was largely drawn from a pinned
specimen which was later mounted on a slide. The type will
be placed in the Cornell University collection. The single pin-
ned paratype, from the same locality, does not differ from the
above.

Though Kieffer mentions "hairy eyes" among the generic
characters of Diawesa sens, str., I am not inclined to erect a
new genus for the species on this character alone, especially as
the male is still unknown. ( )ur three species of Diatncsa as
now restricted may be distinguished as follows :

</. Smaller species, female less than 2.5 mm. long ; thorax yellow ;

eyes glabrous D. fulra n. sp.

aa. Larger species, over 4 mm. long, thorax black or cinereous.

b. Terminal antennal segment of male twice the length of the
others combined ; keel of the last tergite produced caudad about
as far as the apex of the basal segment of the clasper and
beyond the tip of the inner process of this segment (fig. 5,

Muttkowski, 1915) /'. inciui^tuc.

bb. Terminal antennal segment of male not over 1.0 times as

XXxii/21] KNTOMOLOr.JCAL NF.\VS 231

long as the others combined including the large basal segment,
or twice the length of segments 2 to 7 combined; dorsal keel
not produced as far as the tip of the inner process of the basal
segment of the clasper ; eyes densely short haired, all claws of
the male somewhat broadened at the tip. flat and brush like ;
fore basitarsus nearly 0.7 as long as the corresponding tibia.

walttii.

Mr. Muttkowski (p. 118, 1915) calls attention to the notice
able difference in the form of the larval lahitim of D. mcndotac
and D. ivaltlii and ventures the opinion that I may have con-
fused my material of D. i^alllii and Cardiocladius (Tlialas-
somyia] obscura when writing my papers (1903, 1905).

There is however no error in my rearing records of these
species. In the first place, the arrangement of the teeth in the
labium is subject to considerable variation within a genus as
may be seen in Chironomus, and there seems to be no reason
why this should not also be so in Diamcsa. Secondly, I find
in my notes the following: "Six reared specimens of Dianicsc.
and their six cast larval and pupal skins. Reared Nov. 24.
Material collected from swift water, Cascadilla Creek, Nov.
14." The figures in my 1905 paper were based in part on this
material. The figures in 1903 paper were made from speci-
mens taken at an earlier date.

In the third place, the larva of Tlialassoniyia obscura is not
full grown until spring, the adults appearing from May to Sep-
tember, while the larva of Diamcsa waltlii in this locality is full
grown only in the fall and winter, the adults appearing from
November to April. Specimens collected in late fall and early
winter therefore cannot be confused.

Concerning the early stages of D. fnlra all that can be said
is that the larvae must live in flowing water, since the adults
were captured under a tent trap placed over a riffle. The
larvae of the other two species found in this country and that
of T. (Cardiocladius} obscura may be distinguished as follows:

1. Middle tooth of labium at least as wide as three lateral teeth, 1>r<>:id1\

truncate and with convex margin T. obscura

2. Middle tooth of labium broad. iu.-iri.Mii concave />. men:

3. Middle tooth of labium narrow, not twice as wide as tin- first

tooth. . . /'. U ;.'//(;

232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |xxxii,'21

In my balsam mounts of the pupal exuviae of D. wait Hi I
failed to see the respiratory filament. In a pupa of Diamcsa.
which I believe to be D. waltlii, recently collected in Cascadilla
Creek on the rocks near the falls, the filaments are visible as
delicate colorless tubes as described by Muttkowski for D. mcn-
dotae. In other particulars, including the arrangement of the
marginal setae on the lateral carina, Muttkowski's description
of D. tnendotae applies equally well to D. waltlii.

REFERENCES.
1903. JOHANNSEN. Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera. N. Y. State

Museum, Bui. 68:328-441.
1905. JOHANNSEN. Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera II. N. Y. State

Museum, Bui. 86:70-330.
1915. MUTTKOWSKI. New Insect Life Histories. Bui. Wis. Nat. Hist.

Soc. XIII: 109-122.

A State Insect Survey Project.

By FRANKLIN SHERMAN and C. S. BRIMLEY, Division Ento-
mology, State Dept. Agr., Raleigh, North Carolina.

In former years the writers, jointly and separately, published
a number of papers in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS bearing on the
insect fauna of North Carolina, — giving lists of species in cer-
tain groups, distribution and seasonal notes, as indicated by
our records. We were avowedly accumulating data on the
insect life of the State as a whole. We believed that this was
desirable, as no such study had been undertaken in any neigh-
boring state, and we considered that the variety of conditions
presented in North Carolina, render it a "Key" state to the
general insect fauna of the southeastern group of states.
Florida is an exception for obvious reasons.

From time to time we have received inquiries regarding this
work, the methods and progress.

The collections and records have steadily increased in volume,
in interest and we believe in scientific value. They are a source
of continual reference and study. And after twenty years we
are making better progress than at any time in the past.

In 1915 "A Study of the Insect Fauna of the State. -etc,"
was formally listed as one of the permanent projects of work

XXXli, '21] K.\TOM()I.o<;IC.\l. XK\VS 233

of the Division of Entomology, N. C. State Dept. Agriculture.
In December. 1919, the junior author was engaged primarily
for this project, since which time the work has gone forward
with increased rapidity.

Each species (or recognized variety) of insect known to exist
in the state is listed on a 5x8 inch card. — One side of the card
is closely lined, on the other side is an outline map of the state.
On the lined side is written (at top) the name of the species,—
its nunYber, page or other designation in some recognized check-
list, (if such), and a brief indication of its general distribution
in the United States and elsewhere. On the lines below are
listed the localities in the state at which adults have been taken,
dates of capture, etc., all in condensed form. Very brief notes
on food-plants and transformations may be included. ( hi tin-
map (on back) we place a plainly-visible clot at each locality
where the species is taken in the state. We do not number tin-
list of localities and number the dots to correspond, — postal-
guide makes this unnecessary.

The front of the card will hold entries for from 15 to 20
localities. P.y the time the card is filled the entries will give a
general idea of the distribution (both geographical and sea-
sonal) of the species, and by the time a second card is filled one
can outline with fair positiveness the status of the species.

In this work one soon learns that every species of insect does

not occur everywhere and at all times. While there are many

common species which our records show to occur throughout

our state (equally common everywhere — ?), yet there are very

many other species which have been taken only in well-del med

areas, and (adults) often only in a very limited portion of the

year. And many species, even some of the larger and more

conspicuous ones, have been taken in only one or two localities.

One soon grasps the idea of life-zones — (1) that there are

such zones, and that a balanced conception of them is helptul

and enlightening to the mind; (2) that their boundaries arc

i usually ) not sharply defined and that there are many instances

of a species belonging typically to one zone intruding itselt into

the territory of an adjoining zone. This has its application in

our economic work in outlining the areas in which certain

economic insects are. or mav be, abundant.

234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ( XXXli, '21

We find that many species occur commonly in spring, less
commonly in late summer and fall, and sparingly if at all in
midsummer, — thus our seasonal record of a species may be
fairly complete for April or May and for September, long
before we are able to show its presence throughout July and
August. This also has its economic significance, as it gives a
strong hint of the general life-history.

We have intended that these records shall adequately answer
three simple questions (others incidentally): — (1) What is
it? (2) Where does it occur in the state? (3) When is it to
be found?

The undertaking involves the handling of numerous speci-
mens and much routine work in arranging and recording. It
involves much work in classification, in which we enlist the
help of specialists as far as possible. Always admitting the
possibility of error, we consider that on the whole our collec-
tions and records are reliable. Specialists working in any group
may call on us for our records, and in man)' groups we would
be glad to submit unnamed material for determination. One
of our difficulties has been to secure determinations in the
various groups. More than once it has occurred that preten-
tious papers have recorded the distribution of a species in such
a way as to indicate that it does not occur in the southeast,
when we have named specimens of the species in our state
insect survey collections — presumably correctly named.

We believe that an entomologist should have some conception
of the variety and distribution of his insect fauna, and if this
be co-ordinated with a similar knowledge of birds, reptiles, etc.
(as has been done to a large degree in this state) so much the
better.

At the end of 1914 we counted the species listed in our card-
catalogue, and this has been repeated each year since, at the
same time making occasional eliminations and changes to cor-
respond with latest nomenclature as best we can. While some
of our records are from literature and represent species not in
our collections, yet in the main our records are substantiated
by our specimens, or by ones "retained" by specialists — would
that we had more specialists in public employ and elsewhere !

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1921

. 179

179

185

185

185

187

189

189

. 399

562

591

611

665

688

773

776

. 248

255

266

267

268

272

286

290

. 764

765

767

772

773

788

863

869

. 646

682

703

723

743

804

951

1,045

1,867

1,926

1,987

2,011

2,016

2,041

2,090

2,257

. 327

328

359

371

394

465

643

747

XXXl'i, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.WS 235

The following table shows the progress of this work from
the end of 1914 to date: In this showing we count most of the
smaller groups in the Neuroptera.

North Carolina Insect Survey, — Progress, 1914, — to May 31, 1921.
Number Species Recorded for State at End of May 31

Orthoptera . .
Hemiptera . .
XeurnpU-ru, etc. 248
Lepidoptera

Diptera 646

Coleoptera . .
H viiiein >ptrra

Totals 4,430 4,697 4,858 4,940 5,044 5,245 5,795 6,170

Comments on Table: — We had the Orthoptera fairly well
worked up before 1914 hence few additions since. The
increases in Hemiptera have been largely in Homoptera, and
there is yet plenty of room for additions in Capsids, Aphids,
Coccids, etc. While some groups under Neuroptera have been
fairly well exploited we lack much in smaller water-breeding
forms. The larger moths of Raleigh and the butterflies of the
state as a whole were fairly well worked before 1914, and
intensive collecting of the smaller moths has not yet been
attempted. The progress in Diptera has been fairly constant
and well distributed through the order, still lacking much in the
smaller species of course. Coleoptera were well along at begin-
ning of the period, — a number of new records were added from
the distributional notes in Leng's Check-list. — of course we have
unidentified material, especially of smaller species. In Hymen
opt era much of the progress has been very recent, with numer-
ous small forms yet unaccounted for.

As a whole, the list shows an average gain of 165 species per
year for the period 1915-1919 inclusive, but the growth has been
more rapid since the assignment of a worker mainly to this
project. Many assistants and co-workers have contributed
generously, though careful amateur collectors are scarce in this
section.

We hope to keep it up.

236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Two'New Species of Hesperidae (Lepid., Rhop.).

By HENRY SKINNER

Pseudcsarbia flavofasciata n. sp.

$ . — Head, palpi, pectus, patagia, undersides of femora and abdomen
crimson.

U ' ppcrsidc. Primaries chestnut brown with a quadrate spot of yellow
at the end of the discoidal cell and a postmedial yellow band crosses the
wing from the costa to the lower median nervure. The first part of the
fascia is made up of five spots, the next spot is quadrate and the third
is triangular and the fourth quadrate with an upward projection or tooth.

Secondaries 'chestnut brown with a postmedial yellow fascia, extend-
ing from the costa toward the inner margin for 11 mm. Fringe yellow.

Underside. Primaries with inner two-thirds of the wing darker than
above and the outer third purplish vinaceous. Yellow fascia as above,
edged with black and connecting along the costa with the spot at the
end of the cell. Base of the wing also yellow.

Secondaries purplish vinaceous with the yellow fascia repeated and
edged with black ; at its lower end it connects with a yellow band run-
ning to the base of the wing, which is also yellow and on this yellow
basal area are two black dots. Expanse (one wing) 27 mm.

Described from two specimens taken by H. H. Smith in
Chapada, Brazil. Type and paratype in the collection of The
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

I sent a drawing of this insect to Captain N. D. Riley to see
if it was represented in the British Museum collection. He
reported that they had one specimen in the Godman and Salvin
collection from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil (H. H. Smith,
January.) It is related to Pseudosarbia phoenicola Berg. Cap-
tain Riley says, "I have looked up the description of phoenicola
and find we have some specimens of it. It is rather larger and
darker and has the ground color the same above and below and
the yellow bands of upperside broader and much more regular
than the other species. This yellow band too, on the forewing
of phoenicola is virtually parallel with the outer margin ; in
the new species from vein four to the costa is practically at
right angles to the costa."

Pyrrhopyge sangaris n. sp.

$ . — Palpi crimson with tips black. Abdomen and legs dark green
black.

Upperside. Primaries shining green-black. Secondaries shining green-

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237

black, somewhat darker than the primaries, with a blood-red spot near
the anal angle. This spot is quadrate, 4 mm. wide and is 3.5 mm. from
the inner margin and about the same distance from the outer margin.
Underside. Primaries as above but lighter in color with the crimson
spot repeated but somewhat smaller and rounder. Expanse (one wing)
23 mm. Inner margin of hind wing 21 mm.

Type one male in the collection of The Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, taken at Hacienda Cincinnati, Sierra
San Lorenzo, Magdalena, Colombia, July 23rd, 1920, Academy
Colombia Expedition, Rehn and Hebard.

This handsome species has a superficial resemblance to creon
Druce but has the shape of phidlas Linn.

Homopterological Gleanings, No. 1.

By Z. P. METCALF. North Carolina State College and
Experiment Station, West Raleigh, N. C.

INTRODUCTION.

In this series of papers it is proposed to bring together odds
and ends that have accumulated in the course of our studies of
the Homoptera. It is our hope that these stray bits of inform-
,-itinn may be as useful to others as they have been to us in the

past.

DATES OK BURMEISTKU'S "(/EXERA INSECTORUM."

I have had in my possession for some years a copy of Burmeister's
(ieiicni Iiiscctonnn. Hefts 1 to 5 in the original covers, and believe that
the following notes should bo added to what Kirkaldy has already
written1 in regard to the dates of publication. The dates given in each
case are the dates on the original covers and only the homopterous
genera are included.

Heft 1, 1S3S. l.ystrd. .IcnccHnilux, ttytlinscopits, r.uryinchi.

Heft 2. 1S3S, Selenocephalus, Coeliiiia, liupdix, Jassns.

I I, -it 3, L839,2 Ulopa, I ><>rydiitm. Ccp!:a!clns. l.cdra.

I left 4, 1S3<>,- Gypona, Xcroplilnca.

I left 5. IX-jd, /',,,-n^a.

Until further evidence is produced it would seem that it would he
better to accept the dates of publication for these parts as given in the
parts themselves. I do not think that such acceptance would affect til--
nomenclature as it no\v stands, my interest bem.f simply to pn-seiit the.

1 The Entomologist, \\x\iii. 307 and 30S, and The
xli, 13.

-Kirkaldy gives 1S3S.

238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

facts, a thing I should have done years ago, but the matter was not
called to my attention forcibly until recently in going over the manu-
script of the forthcoming Bibliography of the Homoptera of the World.

DlCTYOPHARA VERSUS DlCTYOPHORA.

Van Duzee in his recent catalog of the Hemiptera, 1917, gives Dictvo-
plwra (sic} and cites Germar, Silb. Revue Ent. I, 175, 1833, as authority.
This, however, is wrong, as I have recently determined from an exam-
ination of Germar's paper, where the name is spelled Dictyophara. I
have reasons for believing that the paper in my possession is an original
copy, as it has bound with it an autographic letter by G. Silbermann
to M. Audouin, dated "Strasbourg 16 Mars 1833." I presume that
this matter has been confused because Fieber states in a footnote after
the genus Dictyophara in his Les Cicadincs d'Europe, 209, that "Dr.
Slal rectifie d'apres SL^TVOV, rcte — et <£apocr pallium, tegmen, dans Hem.
Afric. IV, 1866, p. 154." Stal is, however, apparently only giving the
derivation of the name as he states in a footnote, Hem. Afric. IV, 154,
''a BL^TVOV ' - rete et <j>apoo- =- pallium, tegmen." The facts in the case
as far as I have been able to trace them are Germar wrote originally
Dictyophara, but Spinola 1839 started the trouble by writing Dyctiophora
Germar. In this he was followed by Duponchel who examined Spinola's
paper apparently before it was published. See below. Stal corrects
this in his Hon. Afric., 1866, to the original spelling, but two years
later Kirschbaum writes Dictyophora. Stal was followed apparently
by all subsequent writers until Melichar in his Monographic dcr Dictyo-
plwrincn revives the name as spelled by Kirschbaum. Van Duzee fol-
lows Germar and Stal in his Check List of Hemiptera, but changes to
the Kirschbaum-Melichar spelling in his Catalogue of Hemiptera. The
genus should stand, therefore, Dictyophara as originally spelled by
Germar and should have as synonyms Dictiophora (Germar), Spinola
and Dictyophora (Germar) Kirschbaum. This matter would not be of
so much importance if it were not for the fact that modern classifica-
tion bases a subfamily upon this genus and in the minds of many this
subfamily is entitled to family rank.

THE DATE OF DUPONCHEL'S REVIEW OF SPINOLA'S "EssAi SUR LES

FULGORELLES."

Van Duzee gives Duponchel's review of Spinola's Essai snr Ics Pul-
(/orclles, Revue Zoologiquc, II, 199-206, precedence over Spinola's paper
in Ann. Soc. Ent. France, VIII, 133-337, 339-454. This 1 believe is in
error. Duponchel dates his paper "Paris, 9 juillet 1830," and states in
the introduction that he is publishing this preliminary review because
Spinola is offering a new classification. The Reviic Zoologique was not
published, however, until 1840, according to the title page of the publi-
cation, and in the meantime Spinola'a paper was published in 1839 in the
Annales. Therefore Spinola's names take precedence over Duponchel's
names throughout.

XXXli, '21] KNTOMOI.OOICAL XKWS

A Second Nearctic Species of Protura, Acerentulus

barberi, New Species.

By H. E. EWING, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Since the discovery in 1907 of the very interesting primitive
insects, the Protura, by the Italian zoologist and entomologist.
F. Silvestri, only a single species has been reported, as far as
can be learned, from the Xearctic Region. This species was
described in 1909 by Silvestri, from New York, as Hosentomon
-a'licclci'i. Aside from this single record by Silvestri, the pres-
ence of Proturans in the Nearctic Region has been only
a matter of conjecture until quite recently, when their occur-
rence in the vicinity of Washington became established.

Some years ago Dr. A. C. Baker, of the Bureau of Ento-
mology, collected three minute arthropods at East Falls Church,
Virginia, which he determined as being Proturans. The matter
was not given any special attention at the time, and a specific
determination was not made. Also no record was published
of this discovery. Since then, apparently these primitive insects
have been overlooked in the vicinity of Washington until the
winter of 1920-21. Their occurrence here was made definitely
known by the finding by H. S. Barber of a single living speci-
men in humus that had been brought to the National Museum
from Plummer's Island, Maryland, by R. C. Shannon some
weeks previously. Soon after the discovery of the first speci-
men two more were found under stones near the mouth of
Dead Run. Virginia (opposite Plummer's Island) by H. S.
Barber and W. M. Mann, and since then specimens have been
taken in some numbers in decaying leaves, by the writer, at
Takoma I 'ark, Maryland.

This important discovery of representatives of the order
Protura in this vicinity has been reported to the Entomological
Socictv of Washington in the form of a note by Mr. Barber at
the March 3rd meeting, and Mr. 1'arber has suggested that tin-
writer make a specific determination of the Proturan. 'Ibis
has been done, the species proving to be new. It is here named
Accroiliilns barberi, new species, in honor of Mr. IJarber.

240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

An examination of the specimens of this species shows it
to be quite different from Eosentomon ivJieclcri Silvestri.
Silvestri's species belongs to the family Eosentomidae, which
family is characterized by the presence of a tracheal system and
by having all the vestigial appendages of the abdomen two-seg-
mented. The species here described belongs to the family
Acerentomidae, which family is characterized by having no
tracheal system and by having the second and third pairs of
vestigial appendages of the abdomen much more reduced than
the first pair and only one-segmented. The formal description
of the species follows:

Acerentulus barberi, new species.

$. — Color in life a uniform yellow, which gives strong reflections
when in the direct sunlight. Head long, broadest slightly in front of
the posterior margin ; labrum not produced into a process ; pseudoculi
inconspicuous.

Prothorax very short, about twice as broad as long, and slightly
broader than the head, provided above with a transverse row of four
setae, the outer being slightly the shortest. Mesothorax broader than
long and about twice as long as prothorax, sides convex, its longest
lateral seta equal to about one-half its width ; metathorax longer and
broader than prothorax and broader than long, sides slightly convex and
.somewhat divergent, longest lateral seta equal to one-half the width
of thoracic segment itself.

Abdomen of medium/ length, segments increasing in width from I to
111, then decreasing gradually to VIII; VII twice as broad as long and
with sides almost parallel, but seen to converge slightly toward the
rear; VIII similar to VII in shape, but much smaller, with a band near
its anterior margin marked with microscopic longitudinal striations ;
segments IX, X and XI very short and ring-like; XII longer and
broadly rounded on its free margin. During life the last four seg-
ments of the abdomen are held much of the time almost completely
telescoped into VIII. Tergal apodemes present on first eight abdominal
segments, when viewed from above, seen to be only very slightly curved
and laterally branched. Dorsal setae of abdomen moderate, the longest
ones on segments II and III being scarcely equal to one-half the widths
of these segments. Vestigial appendages of first abdominal segment
conspicuous, about as broad as tibia III, first segment fully twice as
long as broad and cylindrical, last segment a truncated cone, about as
long as broad at the base ; vestigial appendages II and III subequal, being
minute and cone-shaped.

Legs moderate ; first pair almost twice as long as the subequal last
two pairs. Claw of leg I very long. bein<? about half as long as the tar-
sus, straight for most of its length, but hooked toward the end.

Length with abdomen about normal, LOS mm.; width at the region
of the third abdominal segment, 0.22 mm.

Type localitv. — Takoma Park, Maryland. Type. — Cat. No,
24,162, U. S. N. M.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 241

Described from the type specimen only, which is a female,
collected by the writer, Feb. 14, 1921, at Takoma I 'ark. Mary-
land, in decaying leaves. This female was taken from a small
pocket on the side of a hill only a few rods from mv home.
The specimen is mounted in balsam with the legs extended and
is in fine condition, llecause of the present lack of the proper
analysis of specific characters in the Protura. it appears
desirable to have included in this description only a single
individual. After a more complete studv has been made auto-
types can be designated.

The Curious Mating Habit of Megarhyssa atrata (Fab.) Hymen.:

Ichneumonoidea).

The discovery of the curious mating habit of Mcfiarliyssa atrata
throws some light on the reason for the previous emergence of the
males. Very little seems to have been recorded concerning the mating
habits of the Ichneumonoids. It is the rule among these insects that the
males emerge before the females, especially those parasitic on w<>'»!
boring species. In this respect ]\Ic</arhyssa is a striking example.

During the early season before the females of Megarhyssa have
appeared in numbers, groups of males may be observed congregating
at a certain point on a dead tree that is also a host for Trcmc.v coluinba

( Linnaeus ).

On May 9, 1921, at Harrisburg, Pa., the writer visited a dead standing
beech, which had been the host for Trcnu'.v culiiinhit for several years,
and in which two and possibly three species of ]f('<inrhyssa were found
ovipositing during preceding summers. On this date several groups of
from six to ten males of Mcf/arliyssn were found. A closer examina-
tion showed that in each group one male had the whole of his abdomen
inserted into the tree, through a hole either chewed through the surface
by the emerging female, or from the outside by the male. This hole
was only large enough to admit the abdomen of the male, although the
other males present were attempting to insert their abdomens.

The tree was then cut into at this point, and the female of Mt'tiarhyssa
ulrutu was found mating with this male. The blow from the axe dis-
turbed , -the pair and separated them before definite observations on the
j ' cess could he made; but it was apparent that the females of 1 /,•</<"'-
/M'.v.vu arc tiTtili/ed before- they emerge. The males probably are
attracted by scent, and congregate at the point from which she will
• merge.

S. A. Kohwer states* that Mc;nirh yss.i atrata (Fab.) had not been
definitely associated with its host, it was tound in this tree as a para-
site of Tremex columba (I..), as are all but one of the species of
Megarhyssa. A. I'.. ('IIAMTKAIX. lYnnsyhai'i.i I'.nreau of I'lant Indus-
try, ! larrisbnrg, I ';>.

* I'roc. U. S. Nat Museum, Vol. 57, No. -VM7, p. 4_>n. 1"_>(>.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1921.

That He Who Runs May Read—

We write our scientific papers, presumably, for others to
read and use. Often those papers do not receive that attention
to which, we think, they are entitled. Many papers are pub-
lished and so a competition, as it were, is set up between them
as to which shall be read and which neglected. The more easily
a paper can be read and understood, the more likely it is to be
read. Obviously, to make a paper easily comprehensible should
be an author's first care, but it is equally obvious that we do
not exert that care as far as we might.

One source of annoyance to the reader of illustrated papers
arises from having to compare figures relating to different
forms on a plate and to hunt for the names of the species in
an "Explanation of Plates," or even in a list at the bottom of
the plate. Why would it not save time and irritation and pre-
vent neglect if we put the specific name (or an abbreviation of
the name) alongside each figure, or group of figures, on the
plate itself? This might detract from the artistic appearance
of the plate (although not necessarily so), but, after all, our
plates are for scientific, not artistic, ends. We invite all authors
to consider this suggestion, especially those who expect to
contribute plates to the NEWS.

Manual of the Hemiptera of Eastern North America in Preparation.

The special studies of the undersigned have now reached the po'nt
where it seems possible to produce an extensive and approximately
complete work on the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) of the eastern portion
of the Continent, and rapid progress is now being made on it. It is
intended that the work will not only provide the means for the identi-
fication of the species, but also include full treatment of the biology
and literature of the group. The authors will be glad to receive col-
lections for rtTidy ?nd identification. — H. G. BARBER. H. H. KNIGHT.
H. M. PARSHLEY, J. R. .UK. I.A TORRE BUENO.

242

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKNVS 243

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Changes of Address.

Dr. C. L. Metcalf, for the past seven years Professor of Entomology
in Ohio State University, has resigned to accept the position of Pro-
fessor of Entomology and Head of the Department of Entomology in
the University of Illinois. He should be addressed in care of the Uni-
versity at Urbana, Illinois, after September first.

On and after Aug. 1st, 1921, my residence address will be 3006 Chest-
nut Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, instead of 2120 Grand Avenue, after
>' '-^i to me there. — GFORGK P. EARTH, M.D.

R. Tompkins de Garnett has returned from a year's visit to France
and will now be permanently located at 583 Merrimac Street, Oakland,
California. While at Paris he made extensive notes in the National
Museum there on certain groups of Coleoptera.

Crane-F'ies rf New York.

Cornell University has just issued Part II of "The Crane-Flies of
New York," by Charles Paul Alexander. This part, which is published
as Memoir 38 of the University Agricultural Experiment Station, deals
with the biology and phylogeny of the crane-flies and gives representa-
tive crane-fly life histories, external and internal morphology, and con-
cludes with keys and descriptions. The monograph contains about 450
pages.

To persons interested in research in the field covered by the Memoir,
copies will be sent as long as the supply lasts. Ask for M-38, and ad-
dre-s requests to Office of Publication, College of Agriculture, Ithaca,
New York.

On the Destructive Method of Dismembering Types for
Preservation in Riker Mounts.

In the editorial entitled "Depositories of Type Material" by J. A. G.
R., in the June number of ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS, that portion touching
on the above subject obviously refers to the policy adopted by the pres-
ent writer of placing certain fragile Orthoptera in cotton mounts. But
the adjective "destructive." as applied to this method of preservation is
certainly not justified, nor is "dismembering" a method of preparation
to be necessarily decried. In certain instances intentional dismembering
was indeed done, as in occasional cases of Blattidae, where the legs,
usually from one side of the body only, were removed to facilitate the
examination of armature, &c., or the abdomer. removed to better show
its characters. However, when one remembers that much of the type
material of Orthoptera in the National Museum came from the collec-
tions of early authors, the absence of parts and frequent partial dis-
memberment should not invariably be attributed to wilful vandalism on

244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxil, '21

the part of the present custodian. And that the types of such decidu-
ous-limbed creatures, as many of the Orthoptera, would be better pre-
served if placed in Riker mounts, or other protective devices, is obvious
when one notes the condition of most types of the older authors. For
every such type specimen, in even a tolerably fair state of preservation,
there are many so far gone to wreck and ruin as to be of little practical
value. Realization of such conditions influenced the writer to incase
certain material in Riker mounts, and the main reason for abandoning
this system, even in part, is that the claws and other armature of speci-
mens are prone to cling to the cotton when removed for examination,
thus often causing the breakage of legs, &c. .But even in such instances
the detached appendages are not lost, as they so often are if knocked
off in a pinned series, and it is thus seriously questionable if it is not
after all a mistake to discontinue this method of preserving the types
of fragile insects. However, this system has been for the most part
superseded in this collection by that of segregating types and represen-
tative sets in individual trays, a system now in general use in the Na-
tional Museum, except in the Macrolepidoptera.

The matter of type deposition in privately endowed institutions as
compared with those publicly or nationally financed is one subject to
discussion, and mav be better left to others. — A. N. CAUDELL.

Honorary Decrees Conferred on Entomologists.

The University of Indiana conferred the degree of LL.D. on W. S.
Blatchley on Wednesday, June 8, 1921. It is customary for the recipi-
ent of the degree to be introduced by a member of the faculty, with a
short statement, giving the reasons for conferring it. Dr. David Mot-
tier, of the department of botany, did this for Mr. Blatchley in the fol-
lowing complimentary terms :

"Willis Stanley Blatchley — Native of Connecticut; educated in the
schools of Indiana; successful teacher; leader in expeditions of scien-
tific exploration ; sixteen years an efficient officer of the State in the
capacity of State Geologist; a life-long student of natural history;
author of literary and scientific books; a nation-wide authority on
beetles, weevils and locusts; one of the foremost naturalists of America;
interpreter of nature's beauty in woodland and meadow, by wayside and
stream, in stones and in flowers.

"Mr. President, this distinguished alumnus has been recommended by
the faculty for the degree of doctor of laws." — Indianapolis Star, June
11, 1921.

We have the- pleasure of congratulating also Mr. William Schaus, the
well-known Lepidopterist, of the Department of Insects, United States
National Museum, on the conferring of the degree of M.A. upon him by
the University of Wisconsin, last June.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 245

The Mulford Biological Exploration.

Tlie scientific expedition, known as the Mulford Biological Kxplora-
tion of the Amazon Basin, made its departure from New York on him
1st. .Membership in the party includes Dr. II. H. Rushy, Dean of th-
College of Pharmacy, of Colombia University, as director: his secre-
tary, personal assistant and taxidermist, George S. McCarty. of \Yood-
bury, New Jersey; Dr. Wm. M. Mann, Entomologist, of the Bureau of
Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Honorary Custodian
in the Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum; !•'.. X. 1 'ear-on,
Ichthyologist, representing Dr. C. II. Eigenmann, of the Universit\ oi
Indiana, and Dr. A. G. Rut'iven. of the University of Michigan; Dr.
Orland E. White, of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, who goes as repre-
sentative of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and of the Bussey Institu-
tion of Harvard University, and Dr. E. L. Hoffman, Vice-President and
Chief Statistician of the Prudential Life Insurance Co., of Newark,
New Jersey, especially interested in the health, longevity and sanitarv
progress in the regions visited, particularly as regards American resi-
dents, temporarily or permanently settled under conditions of tropical
life.

The voyage from New York to Mollendo, Peru, was delayed some-
what by engine difficulties, but was otherwise uneventful and made un-
der most favorable weather conditions. The party passed through the
Panama Canal on the 9th of June and reached Calla'o on the 15th, and
while in port there the party visited Lima, the capital city of Peru, on
invitation from the Peruvian Government. Here they were received by
distinguishd officials and elaborately entertained.

The railroad journey from Mollendo to La Paz was made in easy
stages, a stop being made at Arequipa, and other points on the way up,
and every precaution was taken to protect against the effects of the
rapid elevation and change of altitude.

Departure from La Paz, Bolivia, was made about July 9th, whence
they proceeded by rail to Eucalyptus, the terminus of the railroad. From
Eucalyptus to Pongo they traveled by auto truck over the new auto
road recently completed by the Guggenheim interests in Bolivia. From
I'ongo a three days' jourm y by mule brought them to Canamina.
.After two or three weeks in making collections in the vicinity of Cana-
nrna and Espia, at the head of navigation on the Bopi River, the partj
proceeded by rafts down the river.

Important scientific work has already been accomplished. Taking ad
vantage of every moment that could be spared from the details of ar-
ranging for their trip into the interior and the transportation of their
equipment, collections have been made in and around Mollendo. \rica.
Arequipa, Tiavaya ; nd I. a Pa?.. \ large quantity of these materials,
shipped just before the party lett I. a Pa/, ha^ heen received in I'hila
delphia.

246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

The next objective will be Lake Rocagua, in which region they expect
to spend a month or more exploring and collecting. Other important
collections will be made in the Valleys of the Rio Beni and the Mamore.
The Mamore River will be visited with the special object of exploring
the region which yields Brazilian Ipecac. Temporary headquarters will
next be established at Villa Bella, the western terminus of the Madeira-
Mamore Railroad. The party will so arrange their work and time their
journey as to reach Manaos about November of this year.. Here they
will receive large shipments of supplies for the second half of the jour-
ney and send home the collections already made.

According to present plans the party will then start out from Manaos
early in 1922, ascending the Rio Negro and Rio Uaupes, for the purpose
of exploring and collecting among the upper waters of the latter river
and in some of the valleys and ravines along the eastern side of the
Andes south of Bogota, Colombia. After crossing the mountains to
Bogota, they will finally emerge at the coast at Barranquilla for their
return journey.

Perhaps no other expedition that has gone into South America has
ever entered the tropics so well protected medically against possibilities
of fevers, skin diseases and the numerous tropical affections. These in-
clude great quantities of Antidysenteric Serum, for the prompt treat-
ment of cases of dysentery, should any of the members of the party
contract that disease, — a rather unlikely event, if all the members make
the proper use of the means provided for the sterilization of the drink-
ing water. Antipneumococcic Serum and Antitetanus Serum are also
included among the supplies. Most important, however, is a quantity
of Anti-snake-venom, which the Mtilford Company took special pains
to prep-are for Dr. Rusby's party, and which they are supplying to them
in small, sterile, hypodermic syringes, ready for instant use when occa-
sion requires.

Members of the party have further protected themselves against dis-
ease by taking certain preventive measures. These include the well-
known measures of vaccination against smallpox and the prophylactic
inoculations against Typhoid Fever, the effectiveness of which no long-
er remains a matter of doubt. In view of the prevalence and dangers
of pneumonia to which they are exposed, especially in the highlands of
Bolivia, the members of the party have been provided, with an Anti-
pneumonia Vaccine, which should give them considerable protection, for
some time at least. If it gives them a moderate protection against pneu-
monia for even six or eight weeks, this will carry them over the most
dangerous period, i. e., until they have crqssed the Andes and have
descended from the highlands of Bolivia to the great plains. They are
also supplied with various insecticides and repellents, which they will
use to obtain relief from the annoyance of incessant attacks of hordes
of insects.

XXxii,'21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247

Tli rough Dr. Rusby's wide experience and foresight, all the possible
needs of the party while in the field have been provided for in great
detail. Among the supplies are large quantities of food-stuffs, such as
canned meats, bacon, etc., purchased from surplus Army stores, and also
a quantity of evaporated vegetables and soup powders. Their supplies
and equipment, weighing nearly three tons, are packed in a large num-
ber of boxes of the proper size for transportation by mule or human
porters.

The scientific work of the expedition is well provided for in the form
of all kinds of scientific apparatus, collecting equipment and contain-
ers with abundant supplies of formaldehyde and other preservatives. A
full supply of printed labels and note-books are among the details pro-
vided, so that collections may be sent back properly identified and ready
for study.

The officials of the H. K. Mulford Company, which house is acting
as sponsor and financial backer of this enterprise, have been especially
gratified at the generous attitude which institutions of learning and
Government Bureaus have taken toward this expedition.

The hope has been expressed in many quarters that the successful
outcome of this enterprise will convince scientists and the public gen-
erally that complete and hearty co-operation between large industrial
and scientific institutions can be obtained to their mutual benefit and on
a thoroughly professional and altruistic basis. — R. H. HUTCHISON, Sec
retary, Philadelphia, Pa.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. RE1IX.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining- to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and S>uth). including- Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new m ri"'a or species occurring1 north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each i irder of which they treat.

For records of Economic Lit erat nrc. see the Kxperiment Station "Record.
Office of Experiment Stations. Washington. Also Review of Applied En-

lop'o'ojj ,y. Scries A. London. For records o<~ pap ; on .Medical Knto-

ni"l ><_ry. see Review <'f Applied Entomology, Series B.

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

2 — Transactions of The American Entomological Society, i'hila-
delphia. 4— Canadian Entomologist. 1 ondon, Canada. 5 -I'syclic.
Cambridge. Mass. 7 — Annals of The Entomological Society of
America. Columbus, Ohio. 8 — The Enlomoli >.",i>t\ Monthly Maga
zine, London. 9— The Entomologist, I ondon. 10— Proceedings nt"
the Entomological Society of \Ya -hiiuMi m. I). ( '. 11 Annals and

248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Magazine of Natural History, London. 13 — Journal of Entomology
and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 14 — Proceedings of the Zoological
Society of London. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de
France, Paris. 22 — Bulletin of Entomological Research, London.
24 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 31—
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Nova Scotia, Truro.
33 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels.
34 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels.
35 — Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural
History Society, London. 36 — Transactions of the Entomological
Society of London. 45 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insckten-
biologie, Berlin. 4& — Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 50 — Pro-
ceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington. 52—
Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic. 54 — Proceedings of the Biological
Society of Washington, D. C. 64 — Parasitology, London. 67—
Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 68 — Science, Lancaster, Pa. 69—
Comptes Rendus, des Seances de 1'Academie des Sciences, Paris.
70 — Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia. 75 — The Anatomical Rec-
ord, Philadelphia. 76 — Nature, London. 77 — Comptes Rendus des
Seances de la Societe de Biologic, Paris. 91 — The Scientific Month-
ly, Lancaster, Pa. 100 — Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological
Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 103 — Biologisches Centralblatt,
Leipzig. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 114 — Entomo-
logische Rundschau, Stuttgart. 116 — Entomologische Zeitschrift,
Frankfurt, a. M. 118 — Die Naturwissenschaften, Berlin.

GENERAL. Bonansea, S. J. — Importancia y necesidad de la
entomologia aplicada a las artes, industrias y ciencias agrarias.
(Mem. Soc. Alzante, Mexico, xxxvii, 363-80). Calmbach, V. — Die
praparation der mikrolepidopteren, unter besonderer berucksichti-
gung der kleinsten arten unter den kleinen. 116, xxxv, 35-6. Cock-
erell, T. D. A. — Some eocene insects from Colorado and Wyoming.
50, lix, 29-39. Deletang, L. F. — Contribucion al estudio de la zoo-
geografia Argentina. (An. Soc. Cien. Argentina, xc, 227-77). Dixey,
F. A. — The geographical factor in mimicry. 36, 1920, 208-11. Drz,
A. — Les symbiotes des insectes. (Rev. Scientifique, lix, 303-6).
Dustan, A. G. — Entomogenous fungi. 31, vi, 36-45. Felt, E. P.—
Adaptations among insects of field and forest. 91, xiii, 165-70.
Lamb, C. G. — Insect oases. (Pro. Camb. Phil. Soc., xx, 347-9).
Longstaff, G. B.— Obituary. 76, cvii, 401. McAtee, W. L.— The
selection of family names in zoology. (Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., xi,
230-35.) MacGregor, M. E. — A new type of entomological killing-
bottle. 22, xi, 28;>-5. Metcalf, Z. P. — Some laboratory notes. 75,
xxi, 331-8. Parker, R. N. — Insects living in the snow at 14,000
feet. (Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xxvii, 639-40.) Paul, G. P.—
Les insectes homicides. 67, xlvii, 265-72. Pearl, R. — The biology

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 249

of death. Experimental studies on the duration of life. 91, xiii,
L44-64. Pierce, W. D. — Lectures in applied entomology. Ser. 1,
Part 1, No. 2, Office equipment. Popenoe, P. — Biological control
of destructive insects. 68, liv, 113-4. Pratt, J. S. — Mr. Fred Knock's
method of mounting heads of insects without pressure. (Jour. R.
Micro. Soc., 1!>21, 141-6.) Williams, C. B.— Records of insect mi-
grations in tropical America. 36, 1920, 14<>-65.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. van Bemmelten, J. F.-
Das farbenmuster der mimetischen schmetterlinge. 52, Hi, 209-77.
Bordas, L.-- Etude antomique et histologique de 1'appareil digestif
des lepidopteres adultes. (An. Sci. Nat., Paris, Zoo., iii, 175-250. I
Sobre la estructura y funcionamiento de los estigmas en el ortoptero
Blatta orientalis. (R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., 1921, 24-41.) Brecher,
L. — Die puppenfarbungen des kohlweisslings, Pieris brassicac.
(Archiv f. Entwickl. d. Organ., xlviii, 1-138.) Breitenbecher, J. K.—
The genetic evidence of a multiple (triple) allelomorph system in
Bruchus and its relation to sex-limited inheritance. (Genetics, vi,
115-90). Bugnion, E. — Les parties buccales de la blatte et les mus-
cles qui servent a les mouvoir. (An. Sci. Nat. Paris, Zool., iii, 41-
108.) Busck & Heinrich — On the male genitalia of the microlepi-
doptera and their systematic importance. 10, xxiii, 145-52. Buxton,
P. A. — The external anatomy of the Sarcoptes of the horse. On the
Sarcoptes of man. 64, xiii, 114-45; 146-51. Carothers, E. E.—
Genetical behavior of heteromorphic homologous chromosomes of
Circotettix. 70, xxxv, 457-83. Ceballos, G. — Nota sobre un himen-
optero ginandromorfo. (R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., l'.)21. 79-si.)
Charlton, H. H. — The spermatogenesis of Lepisma domestica. 70,
xxxv, 381-423. Crampton, G. C. — A further comparison of the wings
of Zoraptera, psocids, and aphids, from the standpoint of phylogeny.
4, liii, 110-17. The origin and homologies of the so-called "super-
linguae" or "paraglossae" (Paragnaths) of insects and related arthro-
pods. 5, xxviii, 84-92. The sclerites of the head, and the mouth
parts of certain immature and adult insects. 7, xiv, 85-110. Tin
terminal abdominal structures of the primative Australian termite.
Mastotermes darwinensis. 36, 1920, 137-45. Dahl, F. — Die abstain-
in in. g der skorpione und das erste auftreten echter atmungsorgane.
52, Iii, 304-10. Dehorne, A. — I.e mechanisme de la metaphase et de
1'anaphase somatiques et ses consequences chez Corethra plumi-
cornis. 69, dxxii. 1 084-7. Dixey, F. A. — Sexual dimorphism. 35,
1920-21. 12-23. Federeley, H. — Die bedeutung der polymeren i
toren fur die xeiclinung der lepidopteren. ( Mereditas, Lund, i, ..'21 69.)
Garman, H. — Some neglected setae of lepidopterotis larvae. 7, xiv.
115-19. Giffard, W. M. — The systematic value of the male genitalia
of Delphaeidae ( 1 lomoptera). 7, xiv, 135-40. Hasebrock, K.- Dii

250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Dopaoxydase, ein neues melanisierendes ferment im schmetterlings-
organismus. 103, xli, 3(57-73. Heikertinger, F. — Ueber die ange-
bliche giftwirkung des Coccinellidenblutes. 48, xxxviii, 109-13. Honda,
H. — Spermatogenesis of aphids; the fate of the smaller secondary
spermatocyte. 100, xl, 349-08. Jameson & Atkins — On the physiol-
ogy of the silkworm. (Biochem, Jour., xv, 200-12.) Kleine, F. R.—
Haben die Hylobius-arten einen stridulations-apparat. 45, xvi, 137-
42 (cont.). Lamb, C. G. — Vcnational abnormalities in the Diptera.
(Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., xx, 393-7.) Lowe, H. J. — Bees and scarlet-
runner beans. 76, cvii, 747. Middleton, W. — Some notes on the
terminal abdominal structures of saw-flies. 10, xxiii, 139-44. Mutt-
kowski, R. A. — Studies on the respiration of insects. I. The gases
and respiratory proteins of insect blood. 7, xiv, 150-56. d'Orchy-
mont, A. — La nervation alaire des coleopteres. 24, Ixxxix, 1-50.
Apercu de la nervation alaire des coleopteres. 33, Ixi, 156-78. Picard,
F. — Le determinisme de la ponte chez un hymenoptere terebrant le
Pimpla instigator. 69, clxxii. 1617-19. Sanchez, D. — Sobre la evo-
lucion de las neuronas retiniana nas en los lepidopteros. (R. Soc.
Espan. Hist. Nat., 1921, 129-50.) Sturtevant, A. H.— Genetic studies
on Drosophila simulans. II. Sex-linked group of genes. III. Auto-
sonial genes (Genetics, vi, 43-64; 179-207.) Uichanco, L. B. — Muscu-
lature and mechanism of movement of the tarsi in aphids. 5, xxviii,
63-7. Vogel, R. — Zur kenntnis der geruchsorgane der wespen un 1
bienen. 52, liii, 20-8. Bericht uber ein gehororgan bei singzikaden.
118, 1921, 427-31. . Wesenberg-Lund, C. — Sur les causes du change-
ment intervcnu dans le mode de nourriturc de 1'Anopheles maculi-
pennis. 77, Ixxxv, 383-6.

MEDICAL. Versluys, J. — Die verbreitung von seuchen durcii
insekten und andere gliederfussler im kriege. (Ber. Oberhes. hes.
Ges. f. Natur.-u. Heilk. Giessen, vi, 170-219.)

ARACHNIDA, &c. Chamberlin, R. V.— The Julidae and Oso-
batidae in North America. 54, xxxiv, 81-4. Gunthorp, H. — Cragin's
collection of Kansas Myriapoda. 4, liii, S7-91. Moles, Cox & Nes-
bet — A list of California Arachnida. 13, xiii, 11-15. Verhoeff, K.
W. — Chilognathen-studien (91. Diplopoden-anfsatz). Ill, 1920, A.
12, 23-80.

NEUROPTERA. Fahrenholz, H.— Lause verschu-dener men-
schenrassen. (Zeit. Morph. u. Anthr., xvii, 591-602.) Lacroix, J. L.
—Notes sur quelques neuropteres. (An. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Ixvii, 45-
59.) Navas, R. P. L. — Insectos Sudamericanos. (An. Soc. Cien.
Argentina, xc, 52-72.) Schwalbe, G. — Uber die bedeutung der aus-
seren parasiten fur die phylogenie der saugetiere und des menschen,
(Zeit. Morph. u. Anthr., xvii, 585-90.) Williams, C. B. A blood
sucking thrips. 9, liv, 163-4.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251

McDunnough, J. — Two new Canadian may flics (Ephemeridae).

4, liii, 1 17-20.

ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M.— Studies in the Dermaptera and
Orthoptera of Colom1)ia. II. Dermaptcra and orthopterous familir-
Blattidae, Mantidae, and Phasmidae. 2, xlvii, 10I-16'.i. Uvarov,
B. P. — ( )n the native country of the common house cricket ( Gryllus
domestica), with a description of a new var. 8, Ivii, 13s-lo.

HEMIPTERA. Bergroth, E.— Notes on some Cyminac. 33, Ixi.
165-8. Brittain, W. H. — The hiology and stages of Gypona octo-
lineata. 31, vi, 12-22. McAtee, W. L. — Membracidae of the vicinity
of Washington, D. C. 54, xxxiv, 123-33.

Sanders & DeLong — Four papers on homopterous insects. ( 1'enn.
Dept. Agric., Gen. Bull. 346.)

LEPIDOPTERA. Frohawk, F. W.— On the appearance of Anosia
plexippus in Britain. 9, liv., 145-6. Jones, E. D. — Descriptions of
new moths from southeast Brazil. 14, 1921, 323-56. Krueger, E.—
Eine neue Pieris-art Kolumhiens? Die kolumbische Pieris caesia.
114, xxxviii, 26-7; 30. Oberthur, C. — Etudes de lepidopterologie
comparee, xviii, Pt. 1. Prcut, A. E. — Notes on some Noctuidae in
the Joicey collection, with descriptions of n. sps. 11, viii, 1 -:::;.
Schaus, W. — New sps. of L. in the U. S. National Museum. 50, lix,
349-96. Seitz, A. — Die grossschmetterlinge der erde. Faun. Amer.,
721-28. Seitz & Draudt — Die grossschmetterlinge der erdc. Fauna
Amer. Lief., 124, 12.'). Whitehouse, F. C. — Notes on the preparatory
stages of Gnophaela vermiculata. 4, liii. 101-3.

Bird, H. — New sps. and life histories in Papaipema. 4, liii, 79-81.
McDunnough, J. — A newr Anisota species from Manitoba. 4, liii,
75. Notes on a collection of Labrador L. 4, liii, 81-7.

DIPTERA. Alexander, C. P.— The crane flies of New York.
Part II. Biology and phylogeny. (Cornell Univ. Mem., 38.) Aus-
ten, E. E. — The prey of the yellow dung-fly, Scatophaga stcrcoraria.
11, viii, lls-23. Carter, H. F. — A revision of the genus Lcptocon*
22, xii. 1-2S. Johannsen, O. A. — Oxycera tenuicornis or Euparyphus
tenuicornis? 8, Ivii. 140-1. Keilin, D. — •Supplementary account of
the dipterous larvae feeding upon molluscs. 64, xiii. 180-3. Morley,
C. — Does Scenopinus fenestralis hibernate? 8, Ivii, 155. Thompson
& Thompson — Studies of Zcnillia roseanae. a parasite of the Kuro-
pcan corn borer. 10, xxiii, 12"! 39.

Greene, C. T. -Two new sps. of diptera. 10, xxiii. L25-27 Mal-
Icch, J. R. — S\ noises of sonic \. American \nthomyiinae. 4, liii.
76-'.). Svnopsis of the X. American species (,f the genus llelina.
4, liii, 103-9.

252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

COLEOPTERA. Achard, J.— Revision du genre Doryphora
(Megistomela). 33, Ixi, 105-:201. Arrow, G. J. — A contribution to
the classification of the coleopterous family Endomychidae. 36,
1020, 1-83. Bernhauer, M. — Neue Staphyliniden aus Sudamerika,
besonders aus Argentinien. 48, xxxviii, 101-8 (cont.). Cros, A.—
Notes sur les larves primaires des Mcloidae avec indication de
larves nouvelles. 24, Ixxxviii, 2(51-0;. Fleutiaux, E. — Etudes sur
les Melasidae. 33, Ixi, 160-02; 22:5-12. Jacques, H. E.— A longlived
woodborer. 68, liv. 114. Mequignon, A. — Diagnoses provisoires de
Chelonarium nouveaux et note synonymique. 20, 1021, 101-2.
d'Orchymont, A. — Palpicornia de FAmerique du Sud. 33, Ixi, 244-,").").
Wellhouse, W. H. — The hawthorn blossom weevil (Anthonomus
nebulosus). 7, xiv. 141-44.

Schaeffer, C. — New sps. of N. American Clerid beetles of the
genus Aulicus. 50, lix, 151-50. Wolcott, A. B. — North American
predaceous beetles of the tribe Tillini in the U. S. Nat. Mus. 50,
lix, 269-00.

HYMENOPTERA. Brethes, J.— Vespides. Eumenides et Sphe-
gides Sudamericains de la collection Jules de Gaulle. 24, Ixxxviii,
:!01-410. Cockerell, T. D. A. — The earliest bees, wasps and ants.
68, liv, 154-5. Dustin, A. G. — Some notes on the habits of Campo-
plex pilosulus, a primary parasite of the fall webworm. 31, vi, 81-8.
Prison, T. H. — Psithyrus laboriosus in the nest of bumblebees. 4,
liii, 100-1. Gorham, R. P. — Some notes on Apanteles hyphantria. ,
31, vi, 46-50. Rohwer, S. A. — Notes and descriptions of neotropical
sawflies of the subfamily Perreyiinae. 50, lix, 161-67. Santschi, F. —
Formicides Africains et Americains nouveaux. 24, Ixxxviii, 361-00.
Stumper, R. — Etudes sur les fourmis. II. Observations sur le genese
d'une piste du Lasius fuliginosus. 34, iii, 84-8. III. Recherches sur
1'ethologie du Formicoxenus nitidulus. 34, iii, 00-7. Viereck, H. L.
—First supplement to "Type species of the genera of ichneumon-
flies." 50, lix, 120-50. Waterson, J. — Notes on fig insects, includ-
ing descriptions of three new sps. and a new blastophagine genus.
36, 1020, 128-36.

Rohwer, S. A. — Some notes on wasps of the subfamily Nyssoninae,
with descriptions of n. sps. 50, lix, 403-13. Viereck, H. L. — De-
scriptions of new Ichneumonidae in the collection of the Mus. Comp.
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 5, xxviii, 70-83. Weld, L. H. — Ameri-
can gallflies of the family Cynipidae producing subterranean galls on
oak. 50, lix, 187-246.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ' 253

OBERTHUR'S "firuDES," Vol. XVII. An Appreciation and Some
Notes. — It has been our pleasure recently to receive from M. Charles
Oberthtir, of Rennes, France, a copy of Volume XVII of his magnificent
"'fitudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee."

At the request of Dr. Barnes, M. Oberthtir has again favored Ameri-
can lepidopterists with figures of a considerable number of the types,
now in his possession, of obscure species of Boisduval and Guenee. \Ve
scarcely need mention the beauty of these figures. Anyone who is fami-
liar with the incomparable work of M. Culot in former volumes of the
"fitudcs" will realize the excellent quality of the present figures. It is
greatly to be regretted that in our own country the economic tendencies
make it impossible to produce such works, but this only enhances our
appreciation of M. OberthiAr's publication. When we consider the re-
markable quality of these illustrations, we do not wonder that our learn-
ed contemporary repeatedly insists : "pas dc bonne figure, fas de iwin
salable." As it is, we should hesitate to apply the principle to some
works with which we are familiar.

We feel that only a small number of North American Lepidopterists
have access to the "fitudes," hence we have carefully examined the fig-
ures published for our benefit, and append a few notes on some of them.
If the figure merely verifies our present treatment of a species we do
not mention it.

PI. DIV. ff. 4202, 4203. Bnmhy.r fscndoncnstria Bdv., $ and 9 .
Neither of these figures agrees well with the series which stands as
californica Pack. (—f>s,-iidmicitstrhi) in coll. Barnes, but the superficial
appearance of most Malacosoma species is so poor a basis for identi-
fication that this can lie taken only as an indication that Boisduval's
species may possibly take the place of one of those described more
recently from California.

PI. DV, ff. 4211, 4212. Lycaena pscudaniioltis Bdv. The 9, fig. 4212,
corresponds very well to what we have been calling pscudargiolus from
Pennsylvania, but our males are as heavily marked below as the females.
The I, figure 4211, very closely resembles our series of the form <;;•</<•»-
tula Fletcher, described from Manitoba and Assiniboia. This resem-
blance suggests that our knowledge of the forms of this variable species
is by no means stable yet. It will be interesting to sec specimens from
the southeast, whence Boisduval's types probably came.

PI. DVI, f. 4227. Macai-'m injini:i<<i duenee, described from Cayenne.
This figure is not at all like the species which we have been calling
infiiinih', nor does our series agree with Guenec's description. Appar-
ent! v this name must be superseded by <jn«phi>sari(i On., tin- type ot
which is figured on the same plate, fig. 4230. \Ye have been unable to
find any North American species which compares well witli the figure
of injiiiidtii.

PI. DVI, f. 4231. Tcpliriini sabiiltiria (.in. is unknown to us. It
appears to be correctly placed in the "Check List."

254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

PI. DVI, ff. 4232, 4233. Psamatodcs nicctaria Gn., described from
Haiti, is likewise unknown to us.

PI. DVII, ff. 4237, 4238. Ypsipctcs phiviata Gn. This species stands
in the "Check List" as a synonym of Hydriomcna coenilata Fab. Our
series compares very well with fig. 4238 but we are unable to find any
specimens in the collection which match fig. 4237 well.

PI. DVII, fig. 4240. Corcima dcfcnsaria Gn. This figure does not
compare well with any specimens in our series of Xanthorhoc conval-
laria form defcnsaria, but since the species is extremely variable and the
figure is not conspicuously different, we prefer to retain the name for
the present as it has recently been used.

In conclusion we wish to thank M. Oberthtir sincerely for his con-
tinued generosity to North American Lepidopterists in publishing fig-
ures useful to them chiefly, if not exclusively. In this we feel that we
do not speak for ourselves alone, but for all of our colleagues on this
side of the Atlantic. Nor do we feel that our duty and privilege is
satisfied merely by an appreciation of the scientific value of these works,
for their aesthetic qualities and the high standard which they must set
for future publications may not lightly be passed over — WM. BARNES,
M.D., and A. W. LINDSEY. Ph.D., Decatur, Illinois.

EIGHTEENTH REPORT, STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF MINNESOTA to the
Governor. By A. G. RUGGLES. Agricultural Experiment Station, Uni-
versity Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. December 1, 1920. Mailed June 18,
1921. 210 pp., 43 text figs., 10 pis. — In his general report, entitled "Insect
Notes for 1920," Mr. Ruggles mentions that "Some new insects, as the
apple maggot, Rhagoletcs pmnonclla Walsh, and the asparagus beetle.
Crinccris aspamgi Linn., have made their appearance in the state. These
have already caused considerable damage." R. pomondla had, indeed,
been found on Crataegus in Minnesota in 1898, but the first reports of
its injuring cultivated fruit came in 1918. C. asparayi "was found for
the first time in Minnesota in 1919." A wet June in 1920 and the use of
much poison bait prevented much grasshopper damage; there was a
notable absence of the common varieties of cutworms which work in
fields and gardens in the spring ; the army worm failed to form true
marching armies, due apparenlly to the wetness of late June and early
July "and many favorable places for egg laying could be found in any
field. This accounted for the smallness of the armies and their quite
uniform distribution over the section." An interesting account of the
relation of squirrels and insects to defoliation is given. The red squirrel
(Scinnts Intdsonius Erx.), seeking the basal leaf galls of the cotton-
woods, caused by the plant louse, I'ciuphiints popub'caulis Fitch, and eat-
ing them as it would a nut, the "leaf portion became free and dropped.
From thirty to forty seconds would suffice for one gall. He went from
leaf to leaf with great rapidity. The feasting was kept up for an hour

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOCICAL NEWS 255

or sometimes longer, until the hunger was satisfied. One squirrel could
therefore do considerable damage. Since that time the operation has
been seen many times."

"Observations on Mites Infesting Flour and Mill Feed" by R. N.
Chapman, lead to the conclusion that to prevent a general outbreak of
these pests, the place must be kept "perfectly clean, permitting no accum-
ulations of flour and other material." S. A. Graham discusses the "Fac-
tors influencing the Subcortical Temperatures of Logs" with reference
to the destruction of wood-boring insects. W. C. Cook gives us "Studies
on the Flight of Nocturnal Lepidoptera," treated statiscally and cor-
relatively with meteorological factors. \Yilliam Moore deals with "The
Principles of Film-forming Sprays," while the greater part of the vol-
ume is occupied by two taxonomic papers : "Contribution to the Knowl-
edge of the Group Aphidina, Family Aphididae," by O. W. Oestlund
(pp. 63-75), with interesting remarks on the determination of relation-
ships and phylogeny in general, and "Alonograph of the North American
Species of Deraeocoris (Heteroptera, Miridae)," by Harry H. Knight
(pp. 77-210), in which 54 species and 22 varieties are recognized from
North America, 37 species and 20 varieties being described as new. The
bugs of this genus sometimes feed upon the sap of plants, but, in some
species at least, rather upon the aphids found on particular plants ; where
this latter habit prevails the immature forms are often "covered with a
white, powdery, flocculent material, and are thus in the early instars,
not readily distinguished from the aphids among which they live." A
hitherto unnoticed structure in the Miridae has been detected in this
genus— a comb of spine-like teeth at the distal end of the fore tibia,
used for cleaning the rostrum and antennae. Keys applicable to both
sexes are given and the male genital claspers of each species are figured.

The present report maintains the high rank which we arc accustomed
to associate with the Minnesota State Entomologists. — P. P. CALVERT.

Doings of Societies.

The American Entomological Society.

Meeting of June 7, 1920, in the hall of The Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Nine persons present, the President, Dr.
Skinner, in the chair. Mr. David F. Narrower and Mr. Frank R.
Ma-nii \\cre elected tn membership.

I I Y VKNOPTKKA. — Mr. Frost exhibited several insects in resin deter-
mined by Mr. Cresson as Andricnx scmhuilnr, Family Cynipidae.

ORTHOPTERA. — A few remarkable I'hasmids, or Walking-stick*, were
exhibited by Mr. Hebard, among which were / •", •inlosoni^i /'<>/></ and
Burycarrtha horrida. The genus 'rhucnin was di^cus^ed.

R. C. WM.I.I\M>, Recording .S'.v

256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Meeting of February 24, 1921, at The Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. Members present 6, Contributors 2, Visitors 5. Dr.
Skinner presiding.

HYMENOPTERA. — Mr. Baylis displayed a specimen of a Hymenopterous
insect which emerged from a pupa of Catocala amatrix.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Kisliuk, Jr., reported much of the nursery stock
from Orleans, France, has contained the nests of the Brown-tail Moth.
He attributes this to the lack of experience of the French inspectors
employed following the war. Another moth, common in Europe, has
been found on the stock but has failed to establish itself, possibly due
to climatic influences.

Mr. Harrower exhibited specimens of the Satyridae belonging to the
genera CalHtacra, Picrclla, Hactcro. and Antirrhaea collected in Central
America, and remarked upon their habits and the difficulty of capture.
These butterflies haunt the darkest forests, and seldom are seen at a
height of over two feet from the ground.

Dr. Skinner exhibited a specimen of Papilla flctchcri, an aberration of
/'. turtnis, and described its capture at White River, Ontario.

GENERAL. — Dr. Skinner displayed portions of a collection of insects
ninde by G. B. Fox on the upper Essequibo River, British Guiana; in-
cluded were many large and showy Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Ilymen-
optera. — D. E. HARROWER, Recording Sccty.

Meeting of April 28, 1921, in the same hall. Members present 8,
Contributors 3, Visitors 3. Dr. Skinner presiding.

HYMENOPTERA. — Dr. L. O. Howard described the work of securing
parasites upon destructive insects, with special reference to the Wooly
Louse of Apple (Schizoncura lanigera). Parasitized examples of the
above ground form were taken to France, New Zealand, Uruguay, and
Africa, and in every case survived the changes in climate incident to
transportation.

GENERAL. — Mr. Hebard gave a very interesting illustrated account of
a trip taken to Colombia, South America, last summer (1920) in com-
pany with Mr. Rehn. At Cartagena, Porto Colombia and Santa Marta
they found the coast to be quite arid, the vegetation resembling that of
our western deserts, and insect life scant. Upon penetrating inland
from Santa Marta, they entered a mountainous country where vegeta-
tion became luxuriant and insect life correspondingly rich. Many inter-
esting forms of Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera were secured.
Few insects came to the lights, but collecting with a hand-torch proved
effective. Many rare Orthoptera were found in the curled -up, dry
leaves of the Cecropias. The large Bromeliads also sheltered rare forms.
not only insects, but even frogs and a salamander. — D. E. HAKI:U\\ n ,
Recording Sccty.

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African Lycaena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable (or Jew-
elry, Trays and Decorative Purposes, good quality, $17.50 per 100. Over 50,000 Butter-
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NOVEMBER, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII

THOMAS BF.LLERBY WILSON
1807-1865

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

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ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXII.

Plate V.

tf

If

TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF INSECTS AND CRUSTACEA.— CRAMPTON.

ENTOMOLOGICA

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHI)

VOL. XXXII

NOVEMBER, 1921

No. 9

CONTENTS

Crampton — A Comparison of the Ter-
minal Abdominal Structures of In-
sects and Crustacea 257

Kox —Two Orthoptera New to New Jer-
sey, with Comments on their Local
Habitats 264

Champlam and Knull— Notes on Cole-
optera in Pennsylvania, New York
and Connecticut 270

de la Torre-Bueno — New Records of
Aquatic Hemiptera for the United
States, with Description of New
Species 273

Skinner— Atrytone kumskaka Scudder

( Lep., Rhop. ) 276

Editorial— The Abstracting of Scienti

fie Papers 278

A New Entomological Publication 279

Change of Address — Haimbach 279

The McPherson Scientific Expedition. 279
The Thread Worm Gpngylonema ho-
minis Introduced into Man by In-
sects? 280

Hutchison— The Mulford Biological

Exploration of the Amason Basin.. 281
Leussler— Gonepteryx clorinda in Neb.

( Lep., Rhop. ) 281

Entomological Literature 282

Review— Fernald's Applied Entomo-
logy 285

Review of Oberthiir's Etudes 286

Review— Ealand's Insect Life 286

Doings of Societies— Ent. Sec. Acad.
Nat. Sci. (Col., Orth., Hem.) zSS

A Comparison of the Terminal Abdominal Structures
of Insects and Crustacea.

By G. C. CkAMi'Tnx, Ph.D., Massachusetts Agricultural
( 'ollege, Amherst, Mass.

(Plate Y I

Other papers of this series, dealing with a comparison of the
external structures of insects with those of related arthropods
(from the standpoint of phylogeny), have been published in
Vol. 28 of Psyche, in Vol. 29 of the Journal of the X . V. Ent.
Socictv. and in the Transactions of the /:»/. Society of London
for 1921 (also a restuiK in the 5O/z Rpt. I-'ut. Society of
Ontario for 1919). During the progress of these investigations,
it has become increasingly apparent that a knowledge of the
Crustacea is absolutely indispensable for determining the sig-
nificance of the parts in insects, since in every case it has been
the Crustacea, rather than the "Myriopoda" or other arthropods,
which have furnished the key to the interpretation of the
structures of insects; and it is indeed surprising thai ento

257

258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | XXxii, '21

mologists apparently have but little knowledge of crustacean
anatomy — which is at the very basis of the study of the first
principles of insect morphology, and should be taught to every
student beginning the study of entomology.

Carcinologists. or students of the group Crustacea, apply
the term protopoditc to the fusion product, pr, of the two basal
segments (i. e., the fused coxopodite and basipodite ) of a
biramous limb, such as that shown in Plate V, Figs. 5, 7. 14.
16, etc., and they term the inner branch, en-, and the outer
branch, r.r, the endopodite and exopodite, respectively. The
modified limbs on either side of the telson, or terminal segment.
are called uropods; and the protopodites of the uropods. pr,
are located on either side of the anal opening in some Crustacea
—such as the one shown in Fig. 14. The protopodite, pr, may
be slender, as in Fig. 7, or it may be broad and plate-like as in
Figs. 14. 10, etc. ; and the endopodite. en, and the exopodite.
r.r, may be many-jointed, as in Fig. 7, or they may each be
reduced to a single segment as in Fig. 14, en and r.r. There
is a marked tendency for the exopodite, ex, to become atrophied
(as in Figs. 5, 10, 16, etc.) in certain isopod Crustacea, and in
some of them the exopodite is completely lost. When the
exopodites of the uropods are lost in these Crustacea, the
endopodites resemble the cerci of insects very strikingly, and
the protopodites resemble the paraprocts or parapodial plates
situated on either side of the anus, and bearing the cerci, in
many insects. The foregoing facts led me to suggest (Canadian
Entomologist, Vol. LI I. 1920. p. 179) that the cerci of insects
represent the endopodites of the uropods of Crustacea, while
the paraprocts or parapodial plates of insects represent the
protopodite of the uropods of Crustacea, and the processes of
the parapodial plates (called "paraprocessi" in the article in
question) represent the exopodites of the uropods; and 1 would
here present the evidence which to my mind very clearly demon-
strates the correctness of this claim.

In the triclactylid Orthopteron shown in Fig. 12, the eleventh
tergite, ep, is a plate situated above the anal opening, and on
either side of it is a basal plate labeled pr, which bears the cer-
cus, en, and a process labeled r.r. When the parts are spread

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOI.OCICAI. \K\YS 250

out in one plane (Fig. 11) in the position assumed by the
uropods of the crustacean shown in Figs. 14 and 15, the resem-
blance between the structures of the insect shown in Fig. 11
and the crustacean shown in Figs. 14 and 15 is very striking.
Thus, on either side of the terminal tergite labeled r/1 in Hg.
1 1 ( which apparently corresponds to the terminal tergite labeled
cp in Figs. 14 and 15) is a basal plate, pr, which correspond^
in every way to the basal plate labeled pr in Figs. 14 and 15;
and the basal plate pr of Fig. 11 bears an inner appendage, en,
which is evidently the homologue of the inner appendage en
borne on the basal plate pr of Figs. 14 and 15. while the outer
appendage, r.r, of the plate pr of Fig. 11 is evidently the homo-
logue of the outer appendage of the plate pr of Figs. 14 and
15. I would therefore maintain that the basal plate, pr, or
paraproct, of the insect shown in Fig. 11, represents the proto-
podite of a crustacean's uropocl (i. e., pr of Figs. 14. 15, 16.
etc.), while the cercus. en, of the insect shown in Fig. 11 repre-
sents the endopodite, en, of the crustacean's uropod (». e., en
of Figs. 14 and 15), and the insect's paraprocessus. ex, (Fig.
11 ) represents the exopodite of a crustacean's uropod (i. e., ex
of Figs. 14 and 15), as should be evident to anyone who
examines the forms in question.

Having determined the significance of the parts in an insect,
we are now in position to apply the knowledge thus gained, to
solving the question of the interpretation of the terminal struc-
tures of odonate naiads (immature stages) which was the
subject of a long dispute between Handlirsch, 1903-4, and
Heymons, 1904, and has not been correctly understood by the
students of the Odonata. In 1 leymon's case, a lack of
knowledge of comparative anatomy apparently prevented hi-
interpreting the facts of development aright, while T Tamil irsch
did not at first realize what adult structures \\ere derived from
the larval ones, and was later forced to the unnecessary and
unwarranted assumption that there is a re- formation ot the
cerci in odonate development, unlike anything occurring in
any other known insects. A comparison of the terminal struc-
tures of the odonate larva shown in Fig. S, \\ith those of tin-
insect shown in Fig. 4, very clearlv shows lliat the structure

260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

labeled en in Fig. 8 is merely the cercus, en, of Fig. 4, while
the plate labeled pr in Fig. 8 is merely the elongated basal plate.
pr, of Fig. 4, etc., the exopodite, r.r, of Figs. 14, 11, etc., being
absent in Fig. 8. The cercus, en, of Fig. 8 is borne more
laterally with respect to the basal plate pr than is the case with
the cerci of certain other insects (c. g., those shown in Figs.
1, 2, etc.), but the endopoclite, en, with which the cercus is
homologous, is frequently borne laterally to the basal plate pr
in Crustacea also, as for example in the crustacean shown in
Fig. 10, in which the structure labeled en corresponds to the
cercus, en, of Fig. 8 (or to the endopodite, en, of the Crustacea
shown in Figs. 5, 14, etc.). while the basal plate pr of Fig. 10
has become elongate, suggesting a tendency to assume the
elongate condition of the basal plate pr of Fig. 8. The exopo-
dite, ex, which is very small in Fig. 10, has completely disap-
peared from the basal plate pr in Fig. 8.

In comparing the immature dragonfly shown in Fig. 8, with
the immature damselfly shown in Fig. 9, it is evident that the
cercus or endopodite, en, of Fig. 8, corresponds to the cercus
labeled en in Fig. 9. The elongate basal plate pr of Fig. 8
corresponds to the basal plate pr of Fig. 9, but the exopodite,
e.r, of Fig. 9 is not present in Fig. 8. The exopodite ex of Fig.
9, which forms one of the lateral caudal gills of the immature
damselfly evidently corresponds to the exopodite, ex, borne on
the basal plate pr of the crustacean shown in Fig. 14, although
the exopodite, ex, of Fig. 9 is proportionately much larger,
having been modified to serve as a respiratory (and locomotor)
organ — a function performed by the exopodites in many Crus-
tacea. In the adult damselfly, the endopodite. en, or cercus of
the larva shown in Fig. 9, develops into one of the so-called
"superior appendages," or true cerci of the male insect, while
the exopodites, ex, of the larva shown in Fig. 9 break off along
the dotted line //. leaving the basal segments pr to form the
so-called "inferior appendages" (paired) of the adult male.

It will be noted in Fig. 14, that the basal plates, pr, of the
uropods occupy a position somewhat lateral and ventral to the
terminal tergite, ep. Similarly in insects, the corresponding
basal plates pr of Figs. 9, 8, 4, etc., occupy a position somewhat

XXX'ii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NF\VS 261

lateral and ventral to the eleventh tergite, ep, and consequently
the basal plates pr develop embryologically in a position some-
what lateral and ventral to the eleventh tergite ep, thus causing
Heymons to mistake these basal plates for the sternite of the
eleventh abdominal segment in insects, despite the fact that
they develop as two distinct plates, whereas a true sternite never
develops as two distinct plates in any insects of which I have
any knowledge. This suggests that Heymons is mistaken in
thinking that the cerci are appendages of the eleventh segment
(since he mistakes the basal plates bearing the cerci, for the
eleventh sternite) and it is quite possible that the basal plates
and cerci belong to the tenth segment instead of to the eleventh,
their position below and beside the eleventh tergite, ep, being
merely due to the fact that they are borne on the hinder margin
of the tenth segment; and Heymons himself admits that the
cerci, en, of Fig. 9 are appendages of the tenth, rather than the
eleventh segment from his study of the development of these
structures in immature damselflies.

The median terminal gill // of the immature damselfly shown
in Fig. 9, apparently corresponds to the median terminal fila-
ment // of Apterygota (Figs. 2, and 6), mayflies (Fig. 3). etc.
When the immature damselfly becomes adult, this median
terminal gill // breaks off along the dotted line shown in Fig. 9.
though traces of the eleventh tergite ep of Fig. 9 may be
retained in adult damselflies, as may be seen by referring to
Fig. 6, Plate 2, of an article on the terminal structures of in-
sects, published in Vol. 13, of the Bulletin of the Brookl\n l-.u/
Society for June 1918, where the structure in question bears
the label sa. In the article in question, the cercus, en, of Fig.
() df this paper bears the label c, while the basal plate, pr, ot"
Fig. 9 of this paper bears the label pa. The parts of the adult
insect are figured and homologized in the article published in
the Bulletin, so that it is not necessarv to repeat the figures
here, since anyone interested in the subject may readilv refer
to the publication in question for further information on the
subject. \Yhen one compares the parts in a series of insects
and Crustacea, it seems almost incredible that the true signifi-
cance of the parts should have been so misunderstood, and this

262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ! XXXl'i, '21

is merely another instance of the many misinterpretations of
the parts of insects current in entomological literature, which
owe their origin to the fact that entomologists in general have
not been willing to take the time to examine thoroughly a few
of the commoner Crustacea, before attempting to determine the
correct interpretation of the parts in insects.

Walker, 1919 (Annals Ent. Soc. America, Vol. 12, p. 287)
maintains that I am mistaken in homologizing the exopodites
or paraprocessi, r.r, of Fig. 11 with the styli borne on the
abdominal segments of Machilidae, etc., but the styli are clearly
the homologues of the exopodites of crustacean appendages,
and the structures labeled ex in Figs. 11 and 12 are also clearly
homologous with the exopodites of crustacean appendages, so
that Walker's objection is not valid in this instance, since things
homologous with the same thing are homologous with each
other, and the appendages r.r of Fig. 11, being homologous
with the exopodites of crustacean limbs, are also homologous
with the styli of J\Iaclii!is, etc., as Walker would have seen had
he made a study of Crustacea as well as insects. We may
carry the comparison of parts still further, and state that all
representatives of the exopodites of a crustacean limb, such as
the "paraprocessi" labeled r.r in Figs. 11 and 12, or the styli
(labeled .? in Fig. 2) borne on the valves of the ovipositor of
certain insects, or the gonopods (outer claspers) of certain
male insects, or the styli borne on the abdominal segments of
Thysanura, etc., are at least serially homologous ( homo-
dynamous), while all structures representing the endopodites
of a crustacean limb, such as the cerci labeled en in Figs. 12,
11, etc., or the inner valves of the ovipositor, labeled /r in Fig.
2, or the penis valves of certain male insects, are likewise
serially homologous, and the same is true of the basal plate
labeled pr in Figs. 11, 12 etc., or the dorsal (and ventral)
valves of the ovipositor labeled TV in Fig. 2, or the so-called
"coxites" of the genitalia (gonopods) of male insects, all of
which are apparently homologous with the protopodite, pr, of
the crustacean shown in Fig. 14. This matter will be more
fully discussed in a paper dealing with the genitalia of insects
in general, however, and need not be further discussed here.

XXXJi, '21] ICXT'iMo] OOICAL XKWS 263

In brief, the principal points here brought out are as follows :
The paraprocts, pr, or parapodial plates which bear the cerci
in the insects shown in Plate V, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12
and 13 represent the protopodites, pr, or basal plates of the
uropods of the Crustacea, shown in Figs. 16, 15, 14, 10, 7, and
5. The cerci (en of Figs. 1. 2, 3. 4, 6. 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13) of
insects represent the endopodites of the uropods of Crustacea
( ;'. e., en of Figs. 16, 15, 14, 10, 7, and 5). and the "parapro-
cessi" of certain insects (r.r of Figs. 11 and 12) or the lateral
caudal gills of certain immature Odonata (>.r of Fig. 9)
represent the exopodites of crustacean uropods ( /'. e., the struc-
tures labeled c.r in Figs. 16, 15, 14, and 7). The eleventh
tergite, cp, of Figs. 8, 9, 2, etc., may bear an appendage in the
form of a median process (tf of Fig. 8), or a median gill (tf
of Fig. 9), or a terminal filament such as the "telofilum" labeled
fif in Figs. 2, 3, and 6. It is possible that this telofilum may
correspond to the terminal spine of merostomes, etc., but I have
not yet determined this point.

ABBREVIATIONS

The arable numerals denote the number of the abdominal segments.
bv.... Basal plate of ventral valvulae of ovipositor.
dr. . . .Dorsal valvulae of ovipositor.

en Endopodite of crustacean uropods; cerci of insects.

f/>. .. .Terminal tergite of Crustacea; epiproct, or eleventh tergite <>!

insects.

ex Exopodite of crustacean uropods; paraprocessus of insects.

// Fractilinea, or line of breakage.

ha . . . .Hypandrium, or sternite beneath male genitalia.

it- Inner valvulae of ovipositor.

/'c.... Penis.

/>;-.. . . Protopodite of crustacean uropods; paraprocts of insects.

,s- Styli.

tf Telofilum, or terminal filament of Apterygota and Ephemerida ;

telappendix or dorsal appendage of "larval" dragonfly ; median

caudal gill of "larval" damselfly.
: r. ... Ventral valvular of ovipositor. (Dorsal valve in Fig. 2.)

264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |~XXXU. '21

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V

Fig. 1 — Lateral view of terminal structures of male Plecopteron.
Fig. 2 — Lateral view of terminal structures of Machilis sp. (female).
Fig. 3 — Same of ephemerid Ephemera sp.
F:£. 4 — Sr.me of phasmid Tltncina calif ornica.
Fig. 5 — Uropod of isopodan crustacean Leptochelia savignyi (after

Richardson, N. A. Isopoda).

Fig. 6 — Lateral view of terminal structures of Lepisma sp.
Fig. 7 — Uropod of isopodan crustacean Apscudes propinquus (after

Richardson).
Fig. 8 — Lateral view of terminal structures of larval dragonfly, Acshna

sp., probably Ae. verlicalis Hagen.

Fig. 9 — Lateral view of larval damselfly, Lestcs uncatus Kirby.
Fig. 10 — Uropod of isopod crustacean Cubaris murina (after Richard-
son).
Fig. 11 — Dorsal view of terminal structures of trydactylid Orthopteron

Ettipes sp. with parts spread out in one plane.
Fig. 12 — Lateral view of same.
Fig. 13 — Lateral view of terminal structures of tridactylid Rhipipteryx

atra.

Fig. 14 — Ventral view of terminal structures of isopod Oniscus sp.
Fig. 15 — Dorsal view of same.
Fig. 16 — Dorsal view of terminal structures of isopod Leptochelia for-

rcsli (after Richardson).

Two Orthoptera New to New Jersey, with Comments
on their Local Habitats.

By HENRY Fox, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia.

On page 110 of his recently published work on the Orthoptera
of Northeastern America, Professor Blatchley, in referring to
his unexpected discovery in Florida of a species of roach belong-
ing to a genus supposed at the time to be exclusively western
in distribution, remarks that in the case of "such mobile forms
of life as insects it is not safe to conclude that any genus or
even species is confined to a definite region, and that one may
hunt over a well known area for years and yet not discover a
form which may be brought to light by some future collector."
The pertinence of these remarks was forcibly impressed upon
the writer late in the summer of 1920 when, while engaged on
field investigations in connection with the Japanese Beetle
Project in New Jersey, it was his good fortune incidentally to

xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL .\K\vs 265

collect two species of ( )rthoplera not hitherto recorded from
that State. When it is home in mind that the local Orthoptera
constitute a relatively small group and that Xe\v Jersey by
virtue of its limited extent and close proximity to numerous
centers of scientific activity has prohahly been more thoroughly
explored entomologically than any other state in the Union, it
seems remarkable that the occurrence in it of the two forms
here recorded was so long overlooked.

The species herein recorded from New Jersey for the first
time are Orchelimnm volantnm McNeill and Conoccphalus
attcnnatus (Scudder). The former has hitherto been known
only from the region of the Great Lakes and the upper Missis-
sippi Basin, the easternmost records being Niagara River,
Ontario and Cedar Point, Ohio.1 1 first encountered 0.
volant uin in New Jersey on August 27. 1920, when I took a
male in some heavy herbage bordering the tidal flats of Ran-
cocas Creek, on its north side, about \}/2 miles southeast of the
village of Rancocas in Burlington County. It was associated
at this place with numerous individuals of 0. a<jilc and 0.
pulchellum. On September 1, I took another male in a neglected
tomato patch overgrown with pig-weed, Amaranthns retro-
flc.vus, on a low bluff bordering the Delaware River about one
mile north of Delanco. It was found here while stridulating
on a tall pig-weed, having attracted attention by its song which
was decidedly weaker than that of either O. vulgarc or O.
f^ulc hell it in,- both of which occurred in considerable numbers
in the same field.

Although search was made on several other occasions in
what appeared to be favorable situations for additional material
of 0. volant inn, the two males mentioned were the only speci-
mens secured. As both were obtained in quite different sur-
roundings, the evidence they afford as to the habitat of the
species in New Jersey is somewhat puz/ling. However, the
evidence we have on its habitat-relations in other parts of its
range shows that it is unquestionably a marsh-dwelling species.

!Rehn and Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLI, 1915, p. 72.
2The taxonomic terms employed in this paper are those standardized
in recent years by Rehn and Hebard or Blalchley.

266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21

Thus, Blatchley (loc. cit.) states that in northern Indiana he
found volantum "most abundantly ... on the leaves and
stems of a ... knot-weed, Pol\gonum amphibiiim L..
which grew luxuriantly in the shallow waters about the margins
of the larger ponds and lakes" where it was noted as associated
with Orchclimum uic/riprs and Conocephalus attcnuatits. The
nearest approximation to a habitat of this kind that the section
of New Jersey in which volantum was found affords are the
extensive marshes which are formed by the tidal mud-flats
bordering the Delaware River and its tributaries. It was in
this type of marsh, as previously mentioned, that my first speci-
men of O. volantum was taken, and it may be added that of the
two "grasshoppers" mentioned by Blatchley as associated with
volantum in Indiana, one, Conocephalus attcnuatus, has never
been taken in New Jersey in any other environment, while the
other form, O. nigripes, although unknown east of the Appala-
chians, is represented in New Jersey by its nearest ally, 0.
pulchellum, which, according to my observations, also finds in
these tidal marshes conditions most congenial to it, though,
unlike C. attcnuatus, it was found in smaller numbers in other
stations. The plant, Polygonum amphibiiim, mentioned by
Blatchley as the one on which O. volantum occurs most abund-

j

antly in Indiana, apparently does not occur in southern New
Jersey as no mention of it is made by Stone,3 although, accord-
ing to the latter, a closely related species, P. cmersitm Michx.
extends south in the Delaware Valley for some distance below
Camden. but appears to be a rather scarce and unimportant
constituent of the flora. A more distantly related form, P.
a ri folium L.4 is, however, one of the most abundant and
characteristic components of the flora in parts of the New
Jersey tidal marshes.

The occurrence of my second specimen of 0. volantum in a
relatively dry situation can readily be accounted for by suppos-
ing that it had wandered there from one of the adjoining tidal
marshes of the Delaware River. It is a not uncommon occur-
rence for adult individuals of species belonging to this genus,
especially as regards the males, to wander away from their
usual habitats and to take up their abode in stations of which

\x\ii. '21 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 267

they are not ordinarily typical. This appears to be especially
true in Kurlington County of another species, O. pnlchclluni,
which in that section typically occurs only in marshes, but which
at the time it becomes sexually mature often spreads in con-
siderable numbers over the surrounding higher lands.

If, as seems highly probable, the occurrence of O. rolantum
in a dry, weedy field is to be explained as just suggested, we
may anticipate that the regular habitat of the species in southern
New Jersey will be found to be the marshes formed by the
ndal flats of the Delaware River and its tributaries. In Bur-
lington County, as apparently everywhere else in New Jersey
where these tidal flats are beyond the range of saline influence,
they are for the vastly greater part occupied by a dense stand
of Wild Rice, Zizanla palustris L.5 On the side facing the
open water of the stream the Wild Rice is usually bordered
by a fringe of spatterdocks, Nymphaea advena Soland, while
on the landward side it intermingles with and is largely replaced
by a mixed herbaceous growth in which, as noted for instance,
on the Rancocas at the locality where my first specimen of O.
rolantnm was taken, the more abundant or prominent plants
included such forms as rose mallow, Hibiscus moscheutos L.,
cat-tail, Typha lati folia L., tear-thumb, Polygonum arifolinui
L., touch-me-not, I ni pat tens hi flora Walt., and cardinal flower,
Lobelia cardinalis L. It was just about at the point where the
cransition takes place between the part of the marsh where the
wild rice is dominant and that in which it is replaced by the
aiixed growth mentioned that my specimen of t'olantiim was
taken at this locality. As no other specimens were secured here
it is not possible to state what parts of the marsh are most
favored by O. •i-olaiitiiin. Any decision as to this matter was
largely prevented by the soft, treacherous character of the
ground occupied by the wild rice which made collecting in it
impossible without special equipment.6

3Stone, Witmer, The Plants of Southern New Jersey, Report of the
New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, I'M 1.

47>or<n(/,>;( urifoiuim (L) of Britton and Brown's illustrated Flora,
1913.

r'Z. aijiKiticn L. in Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora.

°The writer is indebted to Mr. J. A. (1. Relin for examining his spen
mens and confirming his determination.

268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXl'i. '21

The other form, Conocephalus attcniiatus (Scudder), herein
recorded for the first time from New Jersey, is like 0. volan-
tuin, best known as a characteristic species of the Great Lakes
Region and upper Mississippi Basin. East of the Appalachians
it is, according to Rehn and Hebard,7 "very local and usually
scarce everywhere." The easternmost locality from which the
species has hitherto been recorded is Cornwells, Bucks County,
Pennsylvania, where in 1906 and 1914 Rehn and Hebard found
it "very scarce in high grasses (Panic um virgatum} and plants
along the shore of the Delaware River, and in moderate num-
bers in a small marshy area, particularly in a restricted growth
of low marsh grass (Panicularia scptcntrionalis)." As this
locality is separated from New Jersey by only a river, which
at this point is scarcely more than *4 mile wide, the occurrence
of the species in the state would seem to be highly probable,
but, so far as I am aware, this is the first time it has been
definitely reported. My earliest attempt to find attcniiatus in
New Jersey was made in the late summer and early fall of 1919
when I searched for it in the marshy flats at the mouth of
Pensauken Creek in Camden County, but at this place no trace
of it was found. In the season of 1920 the territory assigned
me in the Japanese beetle field survey was that section of Bur-
lington County which lies north of Rancocas Creek. My first
attempt to find attcnitatus in this region was made in a marsh
at Beverly on the Delaware River, directly opposite the place,
Cornwells, where Rehn and Hebard had taken it. but I found
none at this locality. The first place at which I finally located
it was in a marsh at the mouth of a small stream emptying into
the Delaware about midway between Burlington and Florence,
where on August 9th I took a single male and quite a number
of nymphs, the greater part of the latter being in the last instar.
Two weeks later (August 23rd) I collected in the same place
12 males, 4 females and 2 nymphs. Other localities in which
I also obtained the species include Burlington, where on Sep-
tember 7th I found adults locally rather frequent in a tidal
marsh along Assiscunk Creek just below the bridge of the
Mt. Holly branch of the Pennsylvania R. R., and in smaller

'Rehn and Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLI, 1915, p. 209.

xxxii, '21] KXToMni.ocir.u. NEWS 269

numbers in the tangled herbage of the slopes adjoining the
marsh ; Delanco, August 26th, where 1 captured a single female
along the margin of the tidal flats of Rancocas Creek about a
mile above the railroad bridge ; and Rougher, one mile south
of the village of Rancocas where on September 8th I found it
unusually frequent along the edge of the tidal flats of Rancocas
Creek, a few rods below the draw-bridge. At this latter point
I took within less than an hour 8 males and 10 females.

While locally rather frequent, attcnuatits impressed me as
very erratic as regards numbers and distribution. The type of
habitat in which it was invariably found is verv wide-spread—
in fact, almost the only type of marsh represented — in the
district under consideration. Nevertheless, in many localities
where conditions were in apparently every particular favorable,
diligent search often failed to reveal any individuals of the
species. On the day when I took the single female near Delanco
I examined the borders of the Rancocas tidal flats for a distance
of fully I/R mile without finding another individual. At Tur-
lington, although it was rather frequent below the bridge prev-
iously mentioned, I was unable to find any above it, although
in this portion conditions in the marsh were apparently identical
with those below the bridge.

With the exception of a few individuals observed at I'.ur-
lington in the fringe of tall grasses (Panicnni ? '/>//<// »;;M and
tangled shrubbery which occupied the low slopes bordering
the marsh, all examples of attcnitatiis observed by me in Xew
Jersey were found exclusively in marshes formed by the tidal
flats which in this section border all those streams whose flow
is affected by the tide. As previously mentioned, the va-tly
greater part of these flats is covered with a high. dense stand
of wild rice ('/. \zanui palnstris L. ) , which along their landward
margin^ intermingles \vith and is partly replaced by a \ariet
of marsh-dwelling plants, the more prominent of which have
already been noted. Owing to the sofl and treacherous nature
of the ground in these marshes, observations were necessarily
largely limited to the marginal portions where the mixed vege-
tation prevails, and it was therefore in this vegetation that the
greater number of individuals of atli'nmiliis were taken, but

270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I XXxii. '21

others were observed in the wild rice as far out from terra
firnia as it was felt advisable to go.

From my experience with attenuatus I can heartily endorse
Rehn and Hebard's characterization of it as the most alert and
active of all the species of its genus. It was strenuous work
collecting the specimens secured, about two out of every three
of the individuals I attempted to capture escaping either, as
in the case of the males, by leaping swiftly from plant to plant,
or. in the case of the females, by leaping once and then, with
little or no pause, dropping down into the deepest recesses of
the vegetation where it was exceedingly difficult to find them.

Notes on Coleoptera in Pennsylvania, New York

and Connecticut.

By ALFRED B. CHAMPLAIN and JOSEF N. KNULL, Bureau of
Plant Industry, Harrisburg, Penna.

Persons interested in collecting and rearing insects usually
accumulate a store of miscellaneous information which would
l)e of the greatest value to others, if recorded, but which is
seldom put forth on account of its fragmentary nature. The
following collection of notes of this type includes facts or rec-
ords and observations made by the authors or by others to
whom due credit is given.

CURCUI.IONITlAE.

Hormorus undulatus Uliler. — The account of this species by Dr.
\Y. E. Britton in his Fifth1 Report was overlooked by Blatchley
and Long- who do not record a food habit. Britton states, "On
May 15th. we noticed that the leaves of lily of the valley plants
growing in the garden had been eaten in a peculiar manner. Notches
had been eaten into the edges of the leaves. A number of Curcu-
lionid beetles were captured while at work on the leaves which
were identified as Hormorus iindnlalitx. A photograph of the injury
is shown on Plate VI."

Since that record was published the authors have observed this
work on Solomon's seal and false Solomon's seal. These plants
arc probably the native food plants. On May ISth at Rockvillc,
Pennsylvania, injury to the leaves was observed and adults were

'Kepi. Conn. AI;T. Kxp. Station, I'.IO.I, 2
-Khynchophora N. F. Am., loo.

XXXJi, '21 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 271

taken feeding in the manner described by Britton. Also observed
on these plants at various other localities in Pennsylvania and in
Connecticut.

Phytonomus meles Fab. — This imported species has not yet been
recorded from Pennsylvania. It is represented in the collection of
the Bureau of Plant Industry from Cresco, Pa., V 1-2-18, coll. by
H. B. Kirk; Uoxborough, Pa., VI-6-1!, F. Haimhach, collect.. r.

'Dorytomus indifferens (.'asey, identified by Prof. H. C. Fall. This
species was beaten from Suli.r spp. on June 26th at Harrisburg, Pa.,
and was exceptionally common.

Dorytomus subsimilis Hlatchley. Identified by C. A. Frost as
nearest this species. Poplar catkins collected by (.'. X. Greene were
infested heavily by Curculionid larvae. The larvae left the catkins
and entered the ground about April loth. One adult reared.

Otidocephalus myrmex Hbst. In Blatchley and Leng, Rliyn.
X. F. Am., this species is recorded as abundant on hickory, grape.
hazel, oak and other plants.

The sycamore trees in the vicinity of Harrisburg are attacked
by the sycamore blight.

"This disease is common over the eastern range of the sycamore, and
in some sections it kills back the young twigs so severely each spring
that a pronounced zigzag branching habit results. The fungus, Gnomoma
vetieta, is a bark parasite, which is most active in the period between the
beginning of spring warmth and the advent of cambial growth, which
soon becomes sufficiently rapid to bar further progress down the twigs.
Later on, in summer, there are produced in the bark of the twigs already
killed the characteristic pimple-like pustules of the fungus, from which
the creamy spore masses oo/e in wet weather."''

These dead or dying twigs are in turn attacked by Otido-
cephalus )iiyniic.r and it is possible that they do their part in
spreading the disease. It would be of interest to know if this
condition exists in other localities where this blight occurs.
Nearly every dead twig examined contained from one to four
larvae of this beetle and occasionally the larva of Lciopns alpha.
They all work in the slender blight-killed stem, completely
hollowing it out. The adults of Otidoccphahts upon emerging
in confinement, glass jars being used for cages, feed upon the
fungus pustules on the bark, chewing off the top of the- pustule,
leaving a round scar. \V. A. Mcl'ubbin. riant Pathologist
of the Bureau, to whom these specimens were submitted.

"This account of sycamore blight by \\ . A. .\K < 'ulibin, I'.nr. PI.
Industry.

272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXli, '21

verified the observation and noted that he had observed similar
eating out of the pustules of Falsa Icn-costoma on peach twigs
by an unidentified insect.

The Leiopus (Leiopus alpha Say. identified by Prof. H. C.
Fall who states— "Is unquestionably like the specimen on the
label L. alpha in the Leconte collection.") which emerge much
later than the Otidocephalus and in considerably less numbers
is also mycophagous, eating the pustules in a similar manner to
Oti'doccplialus. This habit of Leiopus has been noted by Dr.
F. C. Craighead and others in relation to chestnut blight and
other fungi.

Magdalis perforata Horn. Reared from rinits, Charter Oak, Pa.,
VI-22.

Magdalis inconspicua Horn. Reared from Fnj.riinis, New Cumber-
land, Pa.. Kirk and Champlain.

Baris interstitialis Say. Harrisburg, Pa. "Taken as adults from
the roots of Xanthinum stnonariitiii all winter." V. A. E. Daecke.

Baris scolopacea Germ. Harrisburg, Pa. Reared from Chcno-
fifldiitin sp , lamb's quarters, larvae work in pith.

Cylindrocopturus binotatus Lee. Reared from Rhus (jlabra, Har-
risburg, Pa.

Conotrachelus juglandis Lee. "Known as the 'walnut curculio,'
occurring on walnut, butternut and hickory, the larvae breeding in
the green fruit," Blatchley and Leng. We are of the impression that
the record from hickory refers to another species.

The fine paper4 by W. E. Britton and H. B. Kirk was overlooked
by Blatchley and Leng. Here we find the species recorded as feed-
ing and living in the stems as well as the fruit of six species or
varieties of walnut. We wish to record the fact that we have ob-
served the same thing in Pennsylvania, the leaf stems of walnut and
butternut being attacked as well as the fruit.

Contrachelus elegans Boheman. — W. D. Pierce writes"' "Is a very
important enemy of nuts. In Texas the first generation breeds in the
petioles and new shoots of hickory. Later individuals are found in the
leaf galls of Phylloxera dcTastatrix on pecan. Still later in the season
the species is bred from the nuts of various species of Hicoria."

In Pennsylvania, Long Island and Connecticut it has but one
generation as far as we have observed. The injury is confined
to the new growth and leaf stems ; we have not observed
infested nuts.

'Rep. Conn. Agr. Kxp. Sta.,
sproc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. XVIII, 19 Hi, p. 9.

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

The adults were first observed at \Yestbury, New York,
May 25. Both sexes were observed upon the foliage and new
growth, feeding, mating and egg laying. They were very
abundant, five or six examples occurring on one stem. The
adults damage the stems in feeding and in making egg punctures
which are sometimes so plentiful as to cause the stem to wilt.
The eggs hatch about ten days after being deposited. The
larvae work in the shoots and leaf stems, making holes and
mines that weaken them. \Yhen severe, the new growth dies
and the leaves wilt or the weakened stems blow off or the con-
ditions are attractive for oilier inject trouble or fungus disease.
About the last of July the larvae are full grown and leave the
stems and go into the ground.

Cryptorhynchus fallax I.ec. — Reared from Qucrcus ulhu and Cercis
ftiihidauis. Humme!sto\vii, I'a.. YIII-.i. VIII-22— Kirk and Knull.

New Records of Aquatic Hemiptera for the United
States, with Description of New Species.

By T- R- DE LA ToRKF.-BuENo, White Plains, New York.

Prof. H. B. Hungerford, of the Universitv of Kansas, sent
me a number of odd water-bugs for examination. These pre-
sent a number of new and noteworthy occurrences, some be-
ing recorded for the first time from the United States, to
which special attention should be drawn through a separate
note, rather than to lose them in a general paper on a group.

Buenoa elegans Fie1>. Cherokee County. Kansas, Aug., 1920.
(Hungerford and Beamcr). First record for the State.

Buenoa margaritacea Bueno. Cherokee County, Kansas, Aug.,
1920. (Hungerford and Beamer). Another first record.

Ranatra kirkaldyi I'.ueno. Cherokee County, Kansas. (Hunger-
ford and Reamer). This liki wise is new to Kansas.

It may not be. amiss to comment here on the validity of this
species, in advance of a future careful anal\>i< ot the genus.
Prof. Montandon. without knowing the -pecies in narure. pro
ceeds to synonvmi/e it ( 1('10. Hull. Soc. Sci. Hue., xviii, IX.} i
with I\. fitsca P. H.. in which, naturally, Yan I )u/er follows
him in his Catalog (1017. ]>. 462). However, then- arc speci-
mens in the I'. S. National Museum named fnscti I'. P>. by Pro!.
Montandon, which are the same form I recognize as Pahsol

274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

de Beauvois' species. It also seems to be R. nigra H. S., ac-
cording to the head structure. This species is separable from
all the other United States forms known to me by having a
profoundly unisulcatc prosternum. This note complies with the
requests of my correspondents to rectify the matter. The syn-
onymy and distribution of Ranatra fusca, R. kirkaldvi and R.
nigra, as given by Montandon and Van Duzee, are incorrect and
will require careful study to straighten out finally.

Gelastccoris oculatus Fabr. This species is another new Kansan
record, and is likewise authentic. T can find no difference between
the two specimens before me from Cherokee County, Kansas, Aug.,
1920 (Hungerford and Beamer), and specimens of the typical form
from Washington, D. C.

Gerris (Aquarius) orba Stal. Bluff, Utah. (R. C. Moore). A
new record for the State.

Gerris (Tenagogonus) hesione Kirkaldy. Cherokee County, Kan-
sas, Aug., 1920. (Hungerford and Beamer). This delicate little
gerricl is a first record from Kansas, which is the farthest western
[.out from which the species is known; the other two states in which
it 1 as been found are Florida and Ohio.

Microvelia circumcincta Champ. Ardmore, Okla. (R. C. Moore).
This is a most interesting record. The species was described by
Champion from Guatemala. I took it in Tamaulipas, in Northern
Mexico, and have seen it from Texas. These are all new distribu-
tional records.

Rhagovelia dJstincta Champ. Yampa R., N. W. Colorado (R. C.
Moore). This is another of Champion's Central American species,
now positively recorded from the United States. Walker (Catalogue >
records the species from "Ind.," .so noted by Van Dnzee (Catalogue).
Trepobatopsis trux n. sp.

I fend: Broader (including eyes), and longer than prothorax ; tumid
and as long as broad between the eyes. Eyes moderately large, quite
oblique, shorter axis (breadth), four-fifths of the longer. Three large
black shining setigerous loci in a line near each eye. Antennae slender
(first two joints only present in type) ; basal joint curved at base; sec-
ond joint one- fourth length of first, slightly enlarged at tip. Ro.-trum
short, stout, 3 (?) visible joints covered with long silvery grey hairs.
Thorax: All three thoracic segments distinct dorsally. Fnnwtnin
about three times as wide as long, narrower than head with eyes, set
in a deep emargination in mesonotum. Prosternum with deep acetabula
under eyes for anterior coxae. Mesonotum twice as wide as long,
divided medially by a deep longitudinal linear suture ; anteriorly deeply
roundedly emarginate to receive the pronotum ; posteriorly sinuate.
Mesopleurac extended backward to level of posterior margin of meta-

XX.xii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\YS 275

notum, simple, without sutures. Mc.\-.isl.'nii/in simple, a deep suhmar-
ginal suture dividing off the pleurae for about one-half their length.
M I'hnntium about one-half length of pron •'.•im. sinuate posteriorly and
divided in two by a sinuate cross suture; >r part longer than

posterior; lateral pieces (acetabula) for the coxae running back half
way of the second abdominal segment. Mctustcnini"

Abdomen: Slightly longer inclwb'- 1 segment, than wine

( $ ) ; not quite a^ long (including genital a'-dominal segment) as
wide ( 9 ) ; connexivum wide, so refl iractically vertical;

six abdominal segments visible dorsally and seven sternally. exclusive
of the genital segment; 6th abdominal :;t ( ? ) beneath emarginat.-

trapezoidally posteriorly to receive 7th segment; 7th segment twice
as long as any of the others, roundedly emarginate to receive cylin-
drical genital segment; all other segr :iort and ringlike and sub-
equal in length, ('.cultal scf/incnl ( t ) cylindrical, rounded terminally,
slightly longer than broad, as long as the four terminal abdominal
segments taken together; beneath with a rounded operculum through
which the genitalia show as two rounded protuberances, one in front
of the other. Seventh abdominal segment ( 9 ) long and broad, be-
neath emarginate trapezoidally posteriorly to receive genital segment :
all other segments short and ringlike and subequal in length. Genital
segment ( 9 ) narrow, roundedly triangular with a keel-like longitudi-
nal slit and a knoblike apex.

Legs: Anterior femora moderately stout, unarmed; tibiae one-quar-
ter longer, more slender. Intermediate femora to tibiae as 7 to 9 in
length, slightly stouter than tibiae, covered with short stout hair-,
spine-like in middle leg, longer spinous bristles at ends of joints. Two
stout spines at distal end of femur. Anterior funora only present in
type; other joints of legs described from the type series specimens.

Color: Head somewhat flavous or rbrKer with blackish pattern, cov-
ered with long silvery grey pubescence, the 6 setigerous loci shining
black. Prothorax black, middle flavous and anterior margins broadly
slate grey. Mesothorax black, a broad slate-grey stripe, and pleura
and sterna all slate grey; a double line of black snots running down
the tergum, rather linear on the posterior margin of the abdominal
segments; 5 genital segment p'eeous ; two round black spots on the 9
genital segment, the extreme knob of which is piceous. Abdomen be-
neath the same colors, except that the black markings are more linear
and placed on ihe posterior margin of each segment, widest on the
nth and disapp on Ihe firsl and -• -ond : the last (7th) segment

is broadly ro ndedly black in Milarly black medially

in 9. Edges of genital Moment bhe!: in 9 ; black in $.

The general ground color is black, body pui silver nd

long particularly on the rostrum, or slaty grey and velvety.

Dimensions: Type — long, 4.4 mm.; hit., 2.2 mm. Allotype long, 5
mm. ; lat., 2.7 mm.

276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Type — Apterous $ , Yampa River, N. W. Colorado, August
20, 1920; allotype, same data; paratypes, 2 males and 5 females,
same data. R. C. Moore, collector. Type, allotype, 1 male and
4 female paratypes, in collection of University of Kansas ; 1
male and 1 female para type in my collection.

Described under binocular microscope, with 55 mm. objective
and xlO eyepiece, and 24 mm. eyepiece for pubescence and
finer details. Eyepiece micrometer ruled to .001 mm. used for
proportions.

This species seems to belong in the monotypic genus Trc-
pobatopsis, described by Champion from a single mutilated
apterous male from Mexico (Salic). The female and the
winged of both sexes of dcnticornls Champ, are still to be de-
scribed. The absence of the antennal joints and tarsi, however,
forbids certainty as to the genus to which our species is to be
attributed, but if it represents another genus, it is probably a
new one, close akin to Trcpobatopsis.

This species differs generically from Trepobatcs Uhler in the
size and proportions of the head ; proportion of first two anten-
nal joints ; pronotal proportions, and structure of abdomen.
The color and the proportions of the leg segments and the ab-
sence of teeth on the anterior femora and the intermediate tibia
at once separate it from Trepobatopsis denticornis Champ.

Atrytone kumskaka Scudder (Lep., Rhop.).

By HENRY SKINNER.

This Hesperid has been under discussion for a number of
years and has not been positively identified. Specimens taken
in Iowa were referred to conspicua Edwards by Dr. Scudder.
Discovering his mistake in 1887, he named the species kninskaka
and gave a full description of it and figured the abdominal ap-
pendages of the male. It was described from two males and
three females from the "Western States." According to the
description of kumskaka (consplcna nee Edwards) in the
Transactions of The Chicago Academy of Sciences, two males
and a female were taken by J. A. Allen, at Den i son, Iowa, in
July, on Rchinacca anyustifolia D. C., a plant growing on grassy
knolls of the open prairie. Mr. Nathan Banks has very kindly

XXXl'i, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 277

sent me information in regard to specimens tin the Scudder
collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge.
Massachusetts. A male and female, labeled conspiciia are be-
yond doubt part of the type material of knmskaka, the pre-
sumption being that one male had been used to make the geni-
tal ic mount and it may still be in the Scudder collection. Dr.
A. W. Lindsey examined most of the collections of Iowa but-
terflies when he prepared a State list, but did not record this
species. He also states later that he never took anything in
western Iowa which might have been this species. During the
past summer Mr. R. A. Leussler made a special search for the
species at the type locality, but failed to find it.

From all the evidence I came to the conclusion that we were
probably dealing with a known species, one previously de-
scribed. By elimination it was easy to narrow down the pos-
sibilities to a very few species and finally to the one that the
description fitted best. This proved to be Atrytonc byssns
Edwards, described over forty years ago. The male genitalia
of b\ssus are very distinct and not like any other species and
agree with the figures of the genitalia of knmskaka as figured
by Scudder. This resemblance has been also noted by Barnes
and McDunnough, who state that the two must be nearly re-
lated. We know very little about the species. The type local-
ity of bvssus was the Indian River, Florida, the presumption
being that they were taken by Dr. Wm. Wittfeld at Georgiana,
in the fall. Mrs. A. T. Slosson took it on Biscayne L5ay, Flor-
ida. The Edwards Catalog of 1884 also gives Texas. \Ye
have a specimen from the Indian River that bears a pin label
with October on it. but all the others are without date of cap-
tr.rc. Doubtless the species flies in the Gulf States and may
be found in some of the States to the North, the Iowa speci-
mens being rare visitors.

BlHI.lOGKAPHY

1'ampliila byssus Edw., Can. Enl., 1880, XII, 224.
llcspcria couspicita Scud, (not Kdw.) Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci.,
1861;, I. 336.

Alrytonc kumskaka Scud., Can. Ent.. 1887, XIX, 45.
Barnes and McDunnough, Contrib.. 1918, IV, 80.
l.indsey, Univ. Iowa Studirs. 10_M, IX, 106.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1921.

The Abstracting of Scientific. Papers

In the NEWS for October we called attention to an apparent
improvement of scientific papers if the figures relating to dif-
ferent species on the same plate were briefly labeled to indicate
the specific name. The time to be saved and the annovance to

i

be avoided by such a simple addition constitute advantages to
the busy man of the same kind as, although far less important
than, those which result from prefixing abstracts to articles.
We are moved to this remark by an article in Science for Sep-
tember 30, 1921, entitled "Scientific Abstracting," by Gordon
S. Fulcher, and we recommend its perusal to all who produce
and use scientific literature. It poses the question : "Is it worth
while for scientific journals to provide abstracts at the begin-
ning of their articles?" Part of the answer is:

. . . suppose each abstract describes the contents of the article so
completely and precisely that any reader can tell with assurance whether
the article contains any results of interest to him, and suppose it sum-
marizes the methods, conclusions and theories so as to give all the
information any reader not a specialist in the narrow field involved
needs ; . . . \vould not such abstracts enable the reader to grasp
the significant results in the articles not only more quickly but more-
completely and clearly than by skimming through the' articles ? Such
abstracts would save much time for the scientist not only as a reader
of current literature but also as an investigator.

The form of abstracts is considered in detail and many sug-
gestions are made for which we cannot find space here. The
editor of the NEWS is in sympathy with the preliminary ab-
stract idea and has made a beginning in practice.* The longer
an article, the more desirable that it should have an abstract
prefixed. Articles in this journal are by necessity short, but it
may well be considered whether preliminary abstracts would
not add to the usefulness of at least some of the contributions
to the NEWS.

*Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xlvi, p. 323, 1920.

278

XXXH, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 279

Notes and. Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

A New Entomological Publication.

We take pleasure in announcing that the Entomological Society in
Helsingfors, Finland, has inaugurated a new periodical, "Notulae Ento-
mologicae," which will appear in four to five numbers per annum. The
subscription price is, including postage, for the United States, one dol-
lar ($1.00) ; for England and other countries, eight (8) shillings. Sub-
r.criptions are to he sent to Mr. H. Rudolph, Alexandersg., 13, Helsing-
fors, Finland.

Change of Address

Frank Haimbach, Xo. Ill West Maple Ave., Langhorne, Pennsyl-
vania. (Mail address: Box 15, Langhorne, Pa.).

The McPherson Scientific Expedition

The McPherson Scientific Expedition, consisting of H. H. Nininger,
head of the Biology department of McPherson College, Foster Hoover,
his assistant, and Warren Knaus, who represented the State Agricul-
tural College, returned August 28, 1921, from an eight weeks collect-
ing trip over the Southwest, that required more than 4000 miles of
travel and reached the states of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada and
Southern California.

The trip was primarily for the collection of insects, [of which about
12.000 were obtained], but Professor Nininger and his assistant also
collected and prepared about a hundred bird and small mammal skins.

The trip was without accidents or mishaps of any consequence and
was made over the Union Pacific Railroad through Denver, Cheyenne,
Salt Lake City and the Salt Lake road, recently purchased by the
Union Pacific, through Las Vegas, Nev., to Los Angeles and the Santa
Fe to San Diego, California. Returning the same route was followed
to Salt Lake City, where the Denver & Rio Grande was taken to Den-
ver. The only delay encountered on the trip was from Salt Lake City
•in Colorado Springs, due to excessive rains in the mountains of Utah
and Colorado.

The results of the trip were highly successful in the number of speci-
mens secured. Side trips were made at Medicine Bow, Wyoming, at
Lund, Utah, to Cedar City and Parowan, to the top of the Parowan
Mountains at an elevation of ten thousand feet, to Zion Canon and
Hurricane, Southwest Utah. At San Bernardino, with a party of
friends to Big Bear Lake in the San Bernardino Mountains, 50 miles
east. At Crucero, California, up the Death Valley line to Death Valley
Junction, thence by auto to Ash Meadow, Nevada. From Colorado
Springs a trip was made to the petrified forest near Florissant, where
fossil leaves and insects were sought.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NKYVS [xXXl'i. '21

Outside of a fairly large number of species apparently undescribed,
the best species collected in beetles were two extremely rare tiger
beetles, Cicindela nci-adica at Ash Meadow, Nev., and Cicindela paro-
wana near Parowan, Utah. Many large series were taken and much
new material will be added to Mr. Knaus' collection, which will eventu-
ally go to the State Agricultural College. The material that goes to
McPherson College will virtually lie the beginning of their entomo-
logical collection. — The Democrat-Opinion, McPherson, Kansas, Sept.
2, 1921.

The Thread Worm Gongylonema hominis Introduced into Man

by Insects?

Prof. C. W. Stiles, of the Hygienic Laboratory of the U. S. Public
Health Service, reports the discovery of a new case of Gongylonema
infection in man.

The first known case was reported by Ward (1916) from Arkansas,
where the thread-like nematode was taken from the lower lip. The
second, also taken from the lip, was reported by Stiles (1917) from
Florida. The present case was found by Stiles in the practice of Dr.
H. L. Akridge, of Sale City, Ga.

The patient, a woman of 50, consulted Dr. Akridge for sore throat
that had lasted about three weeks. He found an abrasion of the
mucous membrane around the anterior pillar of the tonsil and another
near the angle of the jaw. Both were very sensitive. He touched
them with 10 per cent silver nitrate solution and gave the patient a
mild antiseptic mouth wash and a purge of calomel. Three days later,
examination showed another abrasion on the opposite side of the
mouth about an inch anterior to the angle of the jaw. He again ap-
plied silver nitrate and gave the patient a mouth wash containing a
strong solution of thymol. The next day she came back with the
worm. She had felt it partly out in her mouth and had been able to
pull it out with her fingers. It lived for several hours in water.

When Prof. Stiles saw the specimen it was badly macerated. How-
ever, a fragrant of the cuticle showed two of the "bosses" that char-
acterize the head end of Gongylonema; and the pharynx excluded the
Loci worm from consideration. The worm was about 35 millimeters
long.

The case emphasizes the fact that a parasitic infection of man,
widely distributed (Florida, Georgia, Arkansas) but seldom recognized,
exists in the United States. The infection doubtless occurs through
swallowing insects, perhaps croton bugs. It causes irritation and ner-
vousness but apparently no dangerous condition.

Similar infections are widespread among cattle, sheep, rats, etc. ; and
the form in man may be specifically identical with one of these.
Until material is available to establish identity, Prof. Stiles suggests,

xxxii. '21 1 K.\TMM()i.or,ir.\i. \r\vs 281

on purely practical grounds, that tin- worm described and figured by
Ward as Gongylonema (?) pulclirmn be referred to as Gongylonema
/iniiiinis ^^p. dub., iii order to keep the nomenclature distinct. — Health
News Issued bv the UNITED STATES Prune HEALTH SERVICE.

The Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin

EDITOR, ENT. NEWS: — This is to inform you of the progre^> of the
Mulford Expedition, with which Dr. Mann is connected, and to give
you a brief statement of the entomological work so far accomplished
as it has been reported to us.

As you may have noted from the news bulletins which 1 have sent
out [see the NEWS for October, page 245], the party left La Paz about
July 9th, enroute for the Bopi River. They reached Espia, at which
place the La Paz and Meguilla Rivers join to form the Bopi, remain-
ing there about three weeks awaiting the arrival of balsas to take them
down the river. They left Espia about the 15th of August, arriving
at Huachi on the 22nd and proceeding from there down the river to
Rurrenabaque. The letters just received were written from Espia
just previous to the time they set out for their trip down the river to
Rurrenabaque. Dr. Rusby reports that collection of specimens was
impossible until after the party left La Pax. From La Paz to Euca-
lyptus the journey was made by train and from Eucalyptus to Pongo
by automobile. There wen- thus no opportunities for collecting except
at the stopping points.

The work in entomology which Dr. Mann has so far done includes
the collection of a number of specimens taken on the Alto Piano at
Eucalyptus, also at Pongo, the end of the automobile route. Several
days' work netted a good series of several species of ground beetles
and a few ants, and other characteristic Andean species. On the way
from Pongo to Canamina and Espia a few good things were found
along the trail, among them several undoubtedly new species of beetles,
one belonging to a family not heretofore recorded from Bolivia.

Collection at Canamina was fairly profitable, for during two days'
collection here many species were taken, the most important being a
good series of parasitic wasps. In the vicinity of Espia also Dr. Mann
collected an interesting if not a large series of forms.— R. H. Urn m
SON, Secretary, Philadelphia.

Gonepteryx clorinde in Nebraska (Lep., Rhop.)

This is the time of year when 1 begin cutting up. Captured
Goncptcryx clorinde Godt. September 20, 1'.'21, at noon, in Omaha,
in a neighbor's backxard on /innui. This is a new record for Nebraska,
the distribution as previously known beini; Arizona. Texas, Mexico,
Central and South America. — R. A. LEUSSLER.

282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Kntomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and. South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to ana,tomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review ot Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada.. 5 — -Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Lon-
don. 22 — Bulletin of Entomological Research, London. 23 — Bollet-
tino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, Portici, Italy.
24 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. Paris. 33—
Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 39 —
The Florida Entomologist, Gainesville, Fla. 45— Zeitschrift fur wis-
senschaftliche Insektenbiologie, Berlin. 46 — Contributions to the
Natural History of the Lepidoptera of North America. Ed. by Wm.
Barnes. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 59

—Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington, D. C. 68 — Science,
Lancaster, Pa. 72 — The Annals of Applied Biology, London. 86 —
The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London. 89 — Zoo-
logische Jahrbucher, Jena. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster,
Pa. 100— Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory,
Woods Hole, Mass. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 119

—Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A.,
Washington, D. C. 124 — Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'
Egypte, Cairo.

GENERAL. Berland, L. — Notices sur les membres de la societe
entomologique morts au champ d'honneur. 24, Ixxxix, 417-36. Ever-
mann & Clark. — Lake Maxinkuckee. A physical and biological sur-
vey. The insects. Vol. ii, pp. 9-40. (Dept. Conserv. State of Indi-
ana. Pub. 7, 1920.) Schroder, C. — Handbuch der entomologie. Lief,
vii. Jena. Surcouf, J. — Le pompile et 1'araignee. (La Nature, xlix,
97-8.) Vandyke, E. C. — Insects of Yosemite national park. (Handb.
of Yosemite Nat. Park. By A. F. Hall. G. P. Putnam's Sons. New
York, 1921, pp. 203-18.) Wells, B. W.— Gall evolution: a new inter-
pretation. 68, liv, :;<)1.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, etc. Bridges, C. B.— Triploid in-
tersexes in Drosophila melanogaster. 68, liv, 252-4. Current maps of
the location of the mutant genes of Drosophila melanogaster. 119,
vii, 127-32. Brocher, F. — Etude experimentale sur le fonctionnement
du vaisseau dorsal ct sur la circulation du sang chex les insectes.
La Vespa crabro. 24, Ixxxix, 209-32. Ferton, C. — Notes detachees
sur 1'instinct des hymenopteres melliferes et ravisseurs. 24, Ixxxix,
329-75. Gericke, H. — Atmung der libellenlarven mit besonderer
berucksichtigung der Zygopteren. 89, Abt. f. allg. Zool., xxxvi, 157-
96. Haffer, O. — Bau und funktion der stern warzen von Saturnia
pyri, und die haarentwicklung der saturnidenraupen. Ill, 1921, A, 2,

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NF.YVS 283

110-66. Heikertinger, F. — Die morphologisch-analytische methodc in
der kritik der mimikryhypothese, dargelegt an der wespenmimikry
der bockkaefer. 89, xliv, Abt. f. Syst., 267-96. Koch, A. — Die atmung
der culiciden-larven. (Mit. Zool. Inst. Westf. Wihl. Univ. Munster.,
iii, 31-41.) Kreisel, C. — Ueber den einfluss von sauerstoff, kohlen-
sauer und neutralsalzen auf culicidenlarven und puppen. (Mit. Zool.
Inst. Westf. Wihl. Univ. Munster., iii, 26-30.) Kryz, F. — Ein beitrag
zur kenntnis der unterschiedsempfindlichkcit und forbewegungsge-
schwindigkeit der Periplaneta und einiger colecpteren. 45, xvi, 187-
93. Kuhl, W. — Der feinere bau des zirkulationssystems von Dytiscus
marginalis. (Senckenbergiana. Frankfurt a.M., iii, 10-19.) Muir, F.
—On some recent remarks on the phylogeny of Homoptera. 5,
xxviii, 116-19. Nicholson, A. J. — The development of the ovary and
ovarian egg of a mosquito, Anopheles maculipennis. 86, Ixv, 311.1-
448. Onslow, H. — On a periodic structure in many insect scales and
the cause of their iridescent colours. (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London,
B, ccxi, 1-74.) Payne & Denny. — The heredity of orange eye color
in Drosophila melanogaster. 90, Iv, 377-81. Pictet, A. — Recherches
sur le role des ecailes dans la coloration et la variation des papillons.
(Bui. Inst. Nat. Genevois, xli, 321-30.) Pintner, T.— Das orientier-
ungsproblem bei den ameisen. (Schr. Ver. Verbr. Naturw. Kennt.
\\'ien., Ivi, 113-46.) Stadtmann-Averfeld, H. — Uebersicht ueber
die morphologic der vier larvenstadien einiger culicidcn. (Mit.
Zool. Inst. Westf. Wihl. Univ. Munster., iii, 42-3.) Stempell, W.—
Ueber sphaeritenzellen im fettkoper von blattwespenlarven. (Mit.
Zool. Inst. Westf. Wihl. Univ. Munster., iii, 20-5.) Uichanco, L. B.
—Reproduction in the Aphididae with a consideration of the modify-
ing influence of environmental factors. 5, xxviii, 95-109. Verhoef,
K. W. — Ueber vergleichende morphologic der mundwerkzeuge der
coleopteren-larven und -imagines... 89, xlvi, Abt. f. Syst., 69-194.
Whiting, P. W. — Studies on the parastic wasp, Hadrobracon brevi-
cornis. (Genetics). 1GO, xli. -42-54.

ARACHNIDA, &c. Barbour, T.— Spiders feeding on small
cryprinodonts. 5, xxviii, 131-32. Reese, A. M. — Venomous spiders.
68, liv, 382-.~>. Savin, W. M. — The much despised spider — harmless,
beneficial, interesting. (Jour. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxi, 367-80.)

NEUROPTERA. Klapalek, F.— Plecopteres nouveaux. 33, Ixi,
320-27. Navas, L.— Neuropteres des lies Juan Fernandez et de 1'lle
de Paques. ( Xat. Hist. Juan Fernande/. \- Faster Isl., iii, Zool., 12,">-
2s. ) Fintner, T. — Eineges ueber die termiten. (Schr. \'er. z. Vcrbr.
Xaturvv. Kennt. Wien. liv. 73-9.1. ) Schott, H. — Collembola aus Juan
Fernandez-Inseln und der Osterinsel. (Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez &
Faster Isl., iii. Zool., 33-40.)

Macnamara, C.- A ne\v >ps. of Friesea ( folk mbola.) 4, liii, 126-29.

284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii,'21

ORTHOPTERA. Blackbourn, B. — Some observations on man-
tids. With special reference to the reproduction of lost limbs. (Vic-
torian Nat., xxxviii, 30-3.) Uvarov, B. P. — A revision of the genus
Locusta (== Pachytylus), with a new theory as to the periodicity and
migrations of locusts. 22, xii, 135-63.

HEMIPTERA. Barber, G. W.— Cicadella gothica— a correction.
5, xxviii, 130. Borden, A. D. — A biological study of the red date-
palm scale, Phoenicoccus marlatti. 59, xxi, 659-68. Ferris, G. F.—
Report upon a collection of Coccidae from Lower California. (Standf.
Univ. Publ., Biol. Ser., i, 1)1-132.) Morrison, H. — Red date-palm
scale, Phoenicoccus marlatti: a technical description. 59, xxi, 669-70.
Osborn, H. — Homoptera of Florida. 39, v, 1-19.

Knight, H. H. — Monograph of the North American species of
Deraeocoris. (Univ. Minnesota, Tech. Bull., i.)

LEPIDOPTERA. Comstock, J. A.— Studies in Pacific coast L.
Early stages of Euphydrys sierre. (Bui. S. Cal. Ac. Sci., xx, 46-7.)
Draudt & Seitz. — Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde. Fauna Amer.,
Lief. 122-123. Haldy, B. — Lleber schutzfarbung bei Arctia caja, und
einigen anderen bombyciden. (Zool. Beobachter, 1920, 137-43.)
Jones, F. M. — Pitcher plants and their moths. (Nat. Hist., Jour.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxi, 297-31(5.) Meyrick, E. — Exotic micro-
lepidoptera. ii, 417-48.

Barnes & Lindsey.— The Pterophoridae of America, north of Mex-
ico. 46, iv. 281-478. Bird & Jones. — A new Papaipema from Dela-
ware. 4, liii, 137-39.

DIPTERA. Alexander, C. P.— The crane-flies of New York.
Part II. Biology and phylogeny. (Cornell Univ., Mem. 38, pp.
(595-1 133.) Diptera-Tipulidae from Juan Fernandez. (Nat. Hist.
Juan Fernandez & Easter Isl., iii. Zool., 25-27.) Becker, Hermann,
Riedel, & Sack. — Dr. L. Zurcher's dipteren-ausbeute aus Paraguay:
Dolichopodidae, Mydaeiden und Asiliden, Tipulidae, Syrphiden. Ill,
1921, A, 3, 114-49. Bezzi, M. — II genere Lasicpogon Loew. 23, xi,
250-81. Bishopp & Laake. — Dispersion of flies by night. 59, xxi,
729-66. Cunliffe, N. — Preliminary observations on the habits of Osci-
nella frit. 72, viii, 105-134. Duncan, F. M. — On the presence of two
spermathecae in the rare mole flea (Hystrichopsylla talpae) and the
flea as distributor of a tyroglyphid. (Jour. R. Microscop. Soc., 1921,
245-7.) Frey, R. — Mitteilungen ueber Suclamerikanische dipteren.
(Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh. Ix, A, No. 14.) Laake, E. W.— Dis-
tinguishing characters of the larval stages of the ox-warbles, Hypo-
derma bovis and H. lineatum, with description of a new larval stage.
59, xxi. 439-57. Rothschild, N. C. — Siphonaptera from Juan Fernan-

XXXJi. '2\ | KNTOMOl.OC.lCAL NKYYS 285

dez. (Nat. Mist. Juan Fernandez & Easter Isl., iii, Zool., 48.)
Skaife, S. H. — On Braula caeca, a dipterous parasite of the honey
bee. (Trans. R. Soc. S. Africa, x, 41-8.) Surcouf, J. — Genera insec-
torum. Fasc. 175. Tabanidae.

Alexander, C. P. — New Nearctic crane-flits. 4, Hii, 132-37. Mc-
Dunnough, J. — A revision of the Canadian species of the affinis group
of the genus Tabanus. 4, liii, 139-44. Van Duzee, M. C. — Notes and
descriptions of a few North American Dolichopodidae. 5, xxviii, 120-
29.

COLEOPTERA. Bernhauer, M.— Coleoptcra-Staphylinidac von
den Juan Fernandez Inseln und der Osterinsel. (Nat. Hist. Juan
Fernandez & Easter Isl., iii, Zool., 41-44.) Fenyes, A. — Genera in-
sectorum, Fasc. 173b. Staphylinidae: Aleocharinac. Gebien, H.—
Coleoptera-Tenebrionidae von Juan Fernandez. (Nat. Hist. Juan
Fernandez & Easter Isl., iii, Zool.. 29-30.) Hayes, W. P.— Strigo-
derma arboricola — its life-cycle. 4, liii, 121-23. Knisch, A. — Ucbcr
die gattung Hydrocyclus. (Hydrophilidae). 124, i. 99-107. Zim-
mermann, A. — -Beitrage zur kenn'.nis der sudamerikanischen
schwimmkaeferfauna nebst 41 neubeschreibungen. Ill, 192], A, 3,
179-206.

Blackman, M. W. — North American Ipidae of the subfamily Micra-
cinae, with descriptions of new gen. and sps. Descriptions of eight
new bark beetles from Mississippi. (Miss. Agric. Expcr. Sta., Tech,
Bui., 9 & 10.) Blaisdell, F. E. — New species of Melyridae, Chryso-
melidae and Tenebrionidae, from the Pacific coast, with notes on
other species. (Stand. Univ. Pub. Biol. Sci., i, 137-231.) Miscel-
laneous studies in the Coleoptera. 4, liii, 129-32.

HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Descriptions and rec-
ords of bees. — XCI. 11, viii, 3.">9-fi8. Emery, C. — Genera irsectorum.
Formicidae, Myrmicinae. Ease. 174. Santschi, F. — Retouches aux
sous-generes de Camponotus. 33, Ixi, 310-12. Weld, L H. — Xot"-
on certain genera of parasitic Cynipidae proposed bv Ashmead. with
descriptions of genotypes. 50, lix, 433-51.

APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY. An Introductory Text-Book of Injects in
their Relations to Man. By H. T. FKKNAI.H. Ph.D., Professor of
Entomology, Massachusetts Agricultural College, and Entomologist of
the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Mc(ira\v Mill
Book Company, Inc., New York. 1921, pp. xiv, 3Sd. 3S* tr\t figs.
The present book is "offered as a classroom text for an introductory
course in the subject." The first four chapter* (pp. 1-31) consider
the taxonomic position of insects, their structure and development.
Chapter V (pp. 32-37) deals with the lo-ses caused liy insects and

286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

nature's control methods. Artificial methods of control are treated in
Chapter VI (pp. 38-42), insecticides and fumigation in Chapters VII-IX,
(pp. 43-58). Chapter X is on the relationships of insects, while each
one of the remaining twenty-four Chapters is devoted to a separate
order of insects, that on the Lepidoptera being the longest (70 pages).
In the NEWS for July, 1921 (pages 220-1), we took occasion to com-
pare briefly a number of recent American text books on economic
entomology. Prof. Fernald's new book is, so far as its arrangement of
subject matter is concerned, similar to those by Professors Osborn and
Lochhead mentioned in the review quoted and probably (making allow-
ances for differences in type form) larger than either of them and is
more extensively illustrated. It has apparently been brought fully
down to date, is not too technical for its purpose and here and there,
in appropriate places (e. g., pages 220, 2%) contains interesting dis-
cussions of general problems introduced by the matter immediately
preceding them. On the other hand the reviewer prefers the more
exact characterizations of the minor groups and subdivisions of insects
which are to be found in Lochhead's book, for example, and misses
references to entomological literature other than those contained in
the sources given for many illustrations. (Advertisement) — PHILIP
P. CALVERT.

£TUDES DE LEPIDOPTEROLOGIE COMPARES. By CHARLES OBERTHUR.
Volume XVIII, part 2. Rennes, France, July 1921. Despite of "la
folie bolchevique" this great work has been continued and the present
volume has more than usual interest for American students as it
treats in part of species found in this part of the world. There are
descriptions of four new species of Noctuelidae by Charles Oberthiir.
The remaining 252 pages are devoted to a monographic revision of the
family Cymatophoridae by Professor C. Houlbert. There are 68 excel-
lent half-tone figures and cuts in the text and nine plates with many
illustrations, some of them being in color — H. SKINNER.

INSECT LIFE. By C. A. EALAND. London. A. & C. Black, Ltd., 1921,
pp. xii, 340, 74 full page illustrations, 24 of which are from photo-
graphs, and 50 in color. American agents, The Macmillan Co. — Even
in these days of universally high prices, the twelve dollars charged for
this book is an extremely high price to pay for a general work on
entomology, and the prospective purchaser is most assuredly entitled
to expect in return for this not inconsiderable sum, a thoroughly mod-
ern and painstakingly accurate product of entomological research. In
these times of financial stringency one would also expect that only
books of exceptional merit would be published, but in the opinion of
the reviewer. Mr. Ealand's book falls far short of expectation in all
of these matters.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 287

If the statement on page 1 of "Insect Life" be correct, namely, that
the "old time bug-hunter" who cared to collect insects merely as gaud-
ily colored objects to be placed in a "pendant glass-topped case with
specimens arranged in bizarre patterns" has become "as extinct as
the Dodo," one naturally wonders why the great majority of insects
figured in this book were apparently chosen for their gaudy colors
rather than for their scientific interest. One likewise wonders why
about 94 per cent of the insects figured are restricted to the orders
Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, unless the often-made charge be true,
that the English entomologists are interested only in Lepidoptera and
Coleoptera — at any rate, practically the only insects which Mr. Ealand
considers worthy of designating by their scientific names in his figures,
are the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and this omission of the proper
designation of the insects figured is very irritating when one wishes to
know the name of some interesting form depicted, as is the case, for ex-
ample, with the phasmid shown in Plate vi, which was apparently chosen
as a typical representative of the group. The head of this phasmid, how-
ever, is certainly far from typical of the group, and one wonders what
this interesting form may be — but the only information vouchsafed
concerning it is that it is a "stick insect." If Mr. Ealand considered
insects other than Lepidoptera and Coleoptera worth bothering with,
he surely would have at least selected a specimen with a head on it,
to illustrate the common damselfly shown in the upper right hand cor-
ner of Plate ii; and he would have taken the trouble to ascertain
whether Plate xv represents "Sialis sp." or a typical male Corydalis!

On page 4 occurs the statement that "The text is arranged on
strictly scientific lines and with the greatest attention to accuracy, for
it is hoped that 'Insect Life' may appeal to teachers and students of
entomology" ; but it is hardly in keeping with the modern knowledge?
of the subject to place the Zoraptera (which are winged insects related
to the Psocida) among the Apterygota, or to group the Onychophora
with the Arthropoda. Furthermore, no one but Dr. Chapnnn con-
siders that the micropterygid Lepidoptera constitute a distinct order,
the "Zeugloptera," and every one who has studied the Apterygota knows
that the Machilidae are too different from the Campodeidae to be
grouped with them in the same order of insects, especially if we are to
have so minute a division of related forms as to place the microptery-
gids in a distinct order separated from the rest of the Lepidoptera!

In introducing the term "Ephemcroptera" (which implies that the
wings of the Ephemerida are retained only for a day) Shipley was
evidently actuated by a desire for a uniform ending in the ternrnation
"ptera" for all of the orders of winged inserts; but Ealand has n"t
this justification for using the designation "Ephemeroptera" in his list
of orders, since he discards the properly-formed term Xeuroptera Jn
favor of "Planipennia," Hemiptera in favor of "Khynchota," etc., al-

288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS fxxxii, '21

though it is not evident in what way his scheme of classification is bet-
tered thereby.

Such statements as that made on page 57, where he states that "The
Simulidae are more than suspected of conveying pellagra," and his
recommending the older book on medical entomology by Doane, rather
than the more modern ones by Pierce, Herms, or Riley, in his
bibliography, lead one to suspect that Mr. Ealand is not as familiar
with recent progress in medical entomology as he might be ; and unless
one lives in England, the extremely local character of most of the
works on entomology recommended in the bibliography will be some-
what disappointing to the student who wishes to become more familiar
with the groups of insects discussed in the book.

There is much of interest and value in "Insect Life," and the fore-
going criticism is possibly unduly severe ; but when such a high price
as twelve dollars (for which one may obtain a number of standard
works dealing with the different phases of entomology infinitely more
thoroughly) is charged for a single book, one naturally expects an
adequate "quid pro quo" for his investment : and unless the agents arc
willing to send the book "on approval," it is greatly to be feared that
those who purchase it without first seeing it (as was the case with the
reviewer) will be much disappointed in the "value received." — G. C.
CKAMTTON, Amherst, Massachusetts.

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia

Meeting of May 26, 1921. Twelve persons present. Dr. Henry
Skinner presided. Mr. R. H. Hutchinson of Philadelphia was elected
a Contributor.

COLEOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner spoke about the abundance of insect life
in the countries of cold climates. He also exhibited a specimen of
Phciif/odcs. larva or adult female, captured at Hawks Park, Florida,
and spoke of the peculiarities of these insects.

ORTHOPTEKA. — Air. Rehn made some remarks upon the cockroaches
or Blattidae, exhibiting a box of specimens selected to illustrate habitat
types, sexual dimorphism, color pattern, size range, etc. The speaker
briefly reviewed the classifications which have been proposed and also
the orthodox characters which have been used for the differentiation
of the genera and species. Features brought out in recent studies were
discussed and illustrated with charts.

HEMIPTERA. — Mr. Kisliuk exhibited specimens of the citrus black
fly, showing the insects massed on a leaf. He also spoke of some
interesting experiences encountered in the performances nt 1m inspec
tion duties. — K. T. CKKSSON. JK.. A'.YoniVr.

In Stock

Morpho menelaus, per 100, 1st qual.. $110.00. 2nd qual., $ 78.00
rhetener, 200.00. 100.00

adonis 56.00

Ornithoptera hecuba, males 65.00, 45.00

Urania ripheus, $90 per 100; Lycaena exclis, $6.00 ; European L>vc., $5.00; and beautiful
African Lyciena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable lor Jew-
elry. Trays and Decorative Purposes, good quality, $17.50 per 100. Over 50,000 Butter-
flies r.ow in stock. Prices Net. American Cu rency. Terms Cash or C. O. D. "

G. G. MacBEAN (Dealer), Assiniboia, Sask., Canada

NEW ARRIVALS FROM JAPAN ANI> INDIA.

Large Stock of Specimens from Ecuador, Cameroon, Celebes and Europe.
To be sold singly and in lots at very reasonable prices.

Lists on Application.
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Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.

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Apply for particulars and prices.

R. A. DUMMER, Care S: A Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.

F=OR

Bright, showy Butterflies in papers, unnamed, from South
America, suitable for trays, pictures, etc , mixed, $i So per dozen ;
$10.00 per 100 ; if spread add 5 cents per fly. Also limited number
of pupae of M. modesta and Callosamia calleta $3.50 and $4.00 per
dozen, postage extra.

A. J. POTTER, EAST KILLINGLY, CONNECTICUT.

BRILLIANT TROPICAL BUTTERFLIES

Especially suitable for decorative and. art work. Mm-pli» - ilkowski,
hecuba, rheteoor, arruithonte, cvpris, achillaena ; Ornithopu
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species of Apatura, Eunica. •ranini;:, ra, Pcrisama and m.

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per 100, $37.50 per 1000.

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Over 5000 Lepidoptera

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2000 Coleoptera
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From Assam, India:

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CATALOGUES OF

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If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street

DECEMBER, 1921

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXII

No. 10

THOMAS KKLI.KKI;Y WILSON
I'-oy- 1? '65

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN,

PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.

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Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will
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of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXII.

Plate VI.

HAMAMELISTESI?' AGRIFOLIAE.-FERRIS.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXII

DECEMBER, 1921

No. 10

CONTENTS

Ferris — A new Species in the Horma-
phidinae ( Hemiptera, Aphididae). 289

Barlow— The Mating Habits of Megar-
hyssn(Hym.. Ichneumonidae) 291

Alexander — Undescribed Crane- Flies
from Argentina (Tipulidae, Dip-
tera) — Part IV 2^2

Barnes and Lindsev — Notes and New
Species ( Lep., Arctiidae) 295

Uvarov — News of Another Russian

Entomologist 298

Dietz — Description of Two new Spe-
cies of the Angustipennis Group of
the Dipterous Genus Tipula Linn-
aeus, with Table of Species 299

Craijjhead — Observations on Certain
Siphonaptera 303

Uvarov- On the Species of the Genus
Basileus Sauss. and Pict. (Orth.,
Copiphorinae) 308

Mares — A new Species and a ne\\

Variety oi Cicindela (Col.) 310

Malloch — Some Notes on Drosophili-
dae(Diptera) -511

Editorial— The Insects in the United

States National Museum 313

Annual Meetings at Toronto, Canada. 313

Robertson — Flower Visits of Xylota
chalybea Wd. ( Dipt., Syrphidae). . 314

Davis — On the Deposition of Type Ma-
terial 314

Hutchison — The Mulford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Basin.. 316

Entomological Literature 317

Review of Ralf's Abstract of the Legis-
lation in Force in the British Em-
pire dealing with Plant Pests and
Diseases 320

A New Species in the Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera,

Aphididae).

By G. F. FERRIS, Stanford University, Calif.

(Plate VI)

The subfamily Hormaphidinae of the Aphididae includes
among its few species some of the most specialized members
of the family. The life histories of such species as Haina-
tnclistcs spinosus and Hormaphis liauuunclidis are certainly
among the most extraordinary that are known in any of the
insect groups. As far as I am aware but three species belong-
ing to this subfamily have been recorded from the I'nited
States, and of these one is introduced. It is therefore a decided
pleasure to be able to record another American representative
of the group. Credit for the discovery of the new species i^
due to Mr. Donald L. Currier, County Commissioner of Horti-
culture of San Benito County. California, who forwarded speci-
mens to me for determination in the belief that the insect. > were
Coccidae.

The available specimens represent but a single form, and it
is consequently more or less unsafe to expre-s any opinion as

289

290 ENTOMOLOGfCAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

to the generic position of the species. 1 am inclined to think
that it really represents a new genus, but alate specimens will be
necessary to determine this definitely, and I am referring it
tentatively to Hamainelistes. The discovery of the remaining
stages may not soon occur, and it seems best to present such
information as is available.

Hamamelistes (?) agrifoliae n. sp. Coccidiform generation (Plati
VI).

Habit. Occurring on the small twigs and under side of the leaves of
the host and presenting the appearance of the first stage larva of some
scale insect.

First stage (Fig. C). Length .35 mm. General color pale yellow
the eyes black and the appendages dusky. Margins of the body with
a series of small, inconspicuous wax processes and the dorsum with a
few similar processes.

Antennae (Fig. D) well developed, four-segmented, the third and
fourth segments coarsely imbricated subequal and nearly as long as
the first and second segments together. Legs (Fig. H) strongly de-
veloped, the tarsi two-segmented, without digitules. Lateral margins
of the body with as many as twenty quite large pores and the dorsum
with four median pairs of such pores in the thoracic region. Beak
three-segmented. Cauda not developed. Cornicles lacking. Abdominal
spiracles lacking.

Second stage (Fig. B). Length .42 mm. Color as in first stage. An
tennae reduced to mere unsegmented tubercles. Legs (Figs. F, G)
relatively and actually smaller than in the preceding stage, the first two
pairs with the tarsi reduced to the merest vestiges, the third with the
tarsus distinct but one-segmented, the claws lacking on all. Pores ar-
ranged as in the preceding stage but those of the marginal series more
numerous. Beak three-segmented. Cauda not developed. Cornicles
lacking. Abdominal spiracles lacking.

Third stage (Fig. A). Length .6 mm. At maturity quite heavily
chitinized and with the venter greatly (and usually irregularly) swollen,
the legs appearing as if rising from the dorsum and projecting uselessly
above. Secretions lacking or at the most very scanty. Dorsal region
composed chiefly of the head and thorax and marked off by very dis-
tinct sutures into definite areas. Head and pronotum marked off by a
transverse suture which curves behind the anterior spiracles, the lateral
areas from each antenna to the corresponding spiracle being strongly
and finely reticulate. Mesonotum much elongate, divided by longitudinal
sutures into three plates, the median plate being as broad as the other
two together. Metanotum divided in similar fashion but scarcely more
than one-third as long as tin- mesonotum. Behind the metanotum i^
a single undivided plate which conceals the catula. The head and

\\xii, '211 ENTOMOLOGICAl \K\YS 291

thorax are beset with large, more or less symmetrically disposed, pore-
like areas and the lateral margins of the meso- and metanota are cast
into distinct ridges. Mesothoracic spiracles surrounded by a large,
reticulated area. Cauda (Fig. E) distinctly knobbed and anal plate
deeply bilobed, both the cauda and the anal plate with several rather
long setae. Beak not discernible in the specimens examined. Legs as
in the preceding stage. Cornicles lacking. Abdominal spiracles lacking.

Type host and locality. From Oncrcns agrifolia near Chit-
tenden, Santa Cruz County, California, April 28, 1921. Holo-
type and paratypes and type material in the Stanford Uni-
versity collection.

Notes. The entire absence of cornicles will place this species
in Baker's trihe Hormaphidini, which contains but two genera,
Hormaphis and Hamamelistes. The present species agrees none
too closely with either of these genera, but is perhaps nearer the
latter.

A considerable quantity of material has been examined, but
only the three stages described above have been found. Per-
gande has described three nymphal stages for the corresponding
forms of both Hormaphis hamamelidis and Hamamelistes spiu-
osus. Living examples of all the stages were present. None of
the adults appeared to contain young.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Hamamelistes (?) agrifoliae n. sp. : A, adult; B, second stage; C,
first stage; D, antenna of first stage; E, cauda and anal plate of adult;
F, G, anterior (or middle) and posterior legs of second stage; H, leg
of first stage.

The Mating Habits of Megarhyssa (Hym., Ichneumonidae).
In the October issue of the NEWS, A. B. Champlain reports "the
discovery of the curious mating habit of M cimrh^ssu <//<•<//</." stating
that "very little seems to have been recorded concerning the mating
habits of the Ichneumonoids." Attention is called to the fact that
the habit described by Champlain was described by Mr. George Gade,
in 1884, in Vol. VII, p. 103, of the bulletin of 'the Brooklyn Ento-
mological Society, for a closely related species, called by him Pini^j
( A'//v.v.v(j) htnator, as follows: "The males are often observed con-
grtgated upon an apparently sound part of a tree: scraping away bark-
sometimes to a depth of ^ inch the 9 was found ready to emerge.
Retiring, the males at once returned and one finally succeeded in
copulating with the 9 while yet she was in the cell or burrow. Thcv
remain but a short time in copulu then the 9 completes lur exil
from the larval habitation, and flies about, further unmoU-sted \>\ the
$, in search of a suitable tree upon which to oviposit." I
BARLOW, Rhode Island State College, Kingston, R. I.

292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

Undescribed Crane-Flies from Argentina (Tipulidae,

Diptera.)— Part IV.

I'.v CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Urbana, Illinois.
The species described in the present installment all belong
to the tribe Eriopterini, which includes a vast complex of small
forms within the Neotropical fauna. The material was collected
in the Province of Catamarca by Senor Weiser and sent to me
for determination by Dr. Bruch. My sincere thanks are
extended to both of these gentlemen for their kind co-operation
now and in the past. The types are preserved in the collection
of the writer with the exception of that of Molophilus stylifcr
which has been placed in the La Plata Museum together with
paratypes of the other species described herewith.

Molophilus catamarcensis sp. n.

General coloration dark brown; antennae of male elongated; wings
strongly infuscated; male hypopygium with the apparent pleural ap-
pendage a straight chitinized bar that is produced into a beak-like spine
on its inner face before the apex, the outer apical margin microscopically
serrulate.

$ . — Length about 4-4.5 mm. ; wing 5-5.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark
brown. Antennae of the male elongate, if bent backward extending to
beyond the base of the abdomen ; antennal segments black, each with a
ring of long black verticils. Head dark brown.

Pronotal scutellum yellowish white. Mesonotum dark brown with a
brown pollen, the humeral region of the praescutum yellowish white.
Pleura dark brown. Halteres light yellow. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters testaceous yellow ; femora obscure brownish yellow, pass-
ing into dark brown ; tibiae brown, the tips and the tarsi brownish black.
Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the dark brown veins clothed with
conspicuous dark hairs.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the apparent pleural
appendage appearing as a straight, chitinized bar, before the apex on the
inner face, jutting out into a beak-like spine, the outer margin before
the tip microscopically serrulate.

Holalypc : $ , Punta de Balasto, Catamarca, altitude 2,300
meters, November 22, 1920 (V. Weiser). Paratopotypc: $.

Molophilus stylifer sp. n.

General coloration brown ; lateral margins of praescutum obscure yel-
low; antennae of male very elongate; wings grayish subhyaline, semi-
atrophied ; male hypopygium with each apparent pleural appendage ap-
pearing as a black, stylet-like, straight and slender spine.

\\xii. '21 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 293

$. — Length about 2.5 mm.: wing 3.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark
brown. Antennae of the male unusually elongate for a member of this
genus; if bent backward extending practically to the end of the bod\ ;
scapal segments brown; flagellum black, the segments with erect white
hairs. Head dark gray.

Mesonotal praescutum brownish medially, the margin broadly obscure
yellowish ; remainder of the mesonotum brown. Pleura brownish tes-
taceous. Halteres pale, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters pale testaceous ; femora and tibiae obscure brownish yellow,
the tips broadly dark brown ; tarsi dark brown. Wings showing the
first evidences of atrophy, narrowed, especially on the basal half; mem-
brane grayish stibhyaline, the veins brown with long dark hairs.

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium brighter. Male hypopygium
with the apparent pleural appendage appearing as a stylet-like black
spine, straight and slender, tapering to the acute tips, which are decussate
across the genital chamber.

Holot\pe: ?• . Ampaiansjo. Catamarca, altitude 2,300 meters,
December 1, 1920 (V. \Y iser).

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) basalis sp. n.

General coloration black; halteres yellow; wings blackish, the basal
fourth yellowish; Sc not extending far beyond the origin of Rs; r
present.

$ . — Length 2.8-3 mm. ; wing 3 mm. $ . — Length 3.2 mm. ; wing 3.4
mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae short in both sexes, the scapal
segments black; flagellum brownish yellow to yellowish brown; verti-
cils elongate. Head black.

Mesonotum dark brownish black, praescutum dusted with brown, the
extreme lateral margins very narrowly and indistinctly yellowish. Hal-
teres yellow. Legs with the coxae dark brown ; trochanters obscure yel-
low; femora dark brown, more yellowish basally; tibiae and metatarsi
obscure yellow, tipped with brown; remaining tarsal segments brown.
Wings strongly in fumed with blackish; about the basal one-fourth con-
spicuously yellowish, this coloration including practically all of the sec-
ond anal cell ; veins dark brown, yellowish in the basal portion of the
wing. Venation : Sc rather short, Sc\ ending a short distance beyond
the origin of A'v. Sc2 not far from the tip of Sc 1 ; Rs long; r present,
inserted on A'2+3 about half its length beyond the fork of Rs; cell R-
large, vein R2 straight; cell 1st KI2 closed, or, in rare instances, open
by the atrophy of in ; basal deflection of Cu\ immediately beyond the
fork of .17. Anal angle of wing prominent.

Abdomen black, sparsely dusted with a brown pollen. Male hypo
pygium relatively large and with stout pleural appendages. In the fe-
male the antennae are darker ; head and thorax more pruinose ; mesono-

294 ENTOMOLOGICAL N'F.VYS |xxxii.'21

turn more reddish brown ; ovipositor with the elongate valves horn-
colored.

Holotvpc : $ , Punta cle Balasto, Catamarca. altitude 2,300
meters, November 10, 1920 (V. Weiser). AUotopotypc: 9,
November 11, 1920. Paralypcs: H, 3?'s, Santa Maria, Cata-
marca, October 30, 1920 (V. Weiser) ; 1$, 1 9 , Rio Diamante,
southern Mendoza, January, 1921 (Dr. Carette) ; 60 $ 9,
P.anado, Valle de Santa Maria, Tucuman, April 2-11, 1921
(V. Weiser).

Rhabdoinasti.v basalis is an exquisite little fly that is con-
spicuously different from all described members of the genus.

Gcnomyia (Leipcneura) adunca sp. n.

Antennal scape yellow; head yellow, the vertex with a large brown
area; thoracic pleura striped longitudinally with silvery white and dark
brown ; wings yellowish gray, stigma inconspicuous ; Sc short, Sc2 at tip
of Sc\ ; Rs short, arcuated at origin; cell 1st M2 closed; abdominal ter-
gites brown, paler caudally ; sternites whitish with a conspicuous brown
lateral line ; male hypopygium with three pleural appendages, of which
only one is chitinized, the apex curved, acute.

$ . — Length about 3.8 mm. ; wing 3.6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scapal segments
yellow, the flagellum dark brown. Head pale whitish yellow with a
large, dark brown area on vertex.

Pronotum yellowish white, narrowly dark brown medially. Mesonotal
praescutum dark brown, the humeral region brighter, the lateral mar-
gins to the wing-root narrowly but conspicuously whitened ; scutum
brownish yellow, the center of each lobe and the capillary median line
darker brown; scutellum obscure brownish yellow, sparsely pruinose,
darker brown medially ; postnotum pale, gray pruinose, the posterior
margin with two dark brown spots. Pleura dark brown with a broad
and conspicuous silvery white stripe from the fore coxa to the base of
the abdomen ; a narrow brown line extending from the cervical sclerites
to the postnotum, passing beneath the base of the halteres ; posterior
dorsal pleurites pale, anterior dorsal pleurites infuscated. Median area
of mesosternum pale. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs
with the coxae pale white or testaceous ; trochanters yellow ; femora
light brown, the tips indistinctly darkened ; tibiae brown, the tips nar-
rowly darkened ; tarsi brown. Wings with a faint yellowish gray tinge ;
stigma slightly darker, but still very pale; cord and outer end of cell
1st M2 indistinctly seamed with darker; veins brown. Venation: Scl
short, ending far before the origin of Rs, Sc2 at the extreme tip of Scl ;
Rs short, only a little longer than the deflection of 7^4+5, strongly arcu-

\.\.\ii. '21 ! F.NT(>.M(>l,o<;i<'AI. NIAVS

ated; cell 1st M2 closed; basal deflection of Cul about one-third its
length before the fork of Al.

Abdominal tergites brown, the caudal margins of the segments pale ;
sternites whitish with a conspicuous brown lateral line. Male hypo-
pygium with three pleural appendages, the longest and most conspicu-
ous appearing as a relatively short, blackened blade that terminates in
an acute, slightly curved, blackened point; the second appendage is pale,
about one-half the length of the first, the blunt tip narrowed; the third
appendage is very squat in appearance, broader than long, with about
a dozen setae on the surface, excluding two longer and more powerful
bristles at the proximo-caudal angle. Penis-guard broad, fleshy, pale.

Holotypc: $, Ampajango, Catamarca, altitude 2,300 meters.
November 30, 1920 (V. Weiser). Paratypc: $, Punla cle
Halasto, Catamarca, November 11, 1920 (V. Weiser).

Notes and New Species (Lep., Arctiidae).

By ^^'M. BARNES, M.I)., and A. \\". LIXDSKY, PH. I).,
Decatur, Illinois.

SUBFAMILY NOUNAK.
Rrcse~:a varip. n. sp.

General color dark gray to brownish gray, with a variable hoary
irroration due to the white tips of some scales. Thorax and head more
definitely whitish. Collar with two transverse whitish lines, variably
distinct. Palpi dark outside, pale within, exceeding front by about
length of head. Under surface and abdomen silky pale gray. Legs
similar inside, irrorate with gray outside. Tarsi darker with each
joint pale tipped.

Basal area of primaries grayish, darker toward costa, with an incon-
spicuous tuft of raised scales in the cell. T. a. line single, dark, strongly
out-curved over cubital stem and becoming straighter toward inner
margin, sometimes slightly irregular. T. p. line geminate, outer line
dark gray or blackish, sharply but not deeply dentate on vein1-, strongly
outcurved from costa to vein (\i2, thence with a large out .van! ai
on vein A; inner line rather remote from oute", evei . paler and '
sharp, following course of outer, sometimes very faint, and sometimes
a little heavier on the veins. Median shade indicated by two costal dots.
whence a brownish gray shade extends inward, including two >i-ale
tufts in cell, filling the median space behind the cell and becoming paler
toward the inner margin. This shade is sometimes conspicuous and
sometimes rather faint. S. T. space similar to basal with a pale, irregu-
lar, vaguely defined s. t. line about midway between t. p. and outei
margin and following roughly the course of the t. p. veins here some-

296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21

times darker than ground color. Outer margin with a fine dark line
and minute dashes on the veins. Fringes concolorous with a pale basal
line. Secondaries pale powdery brownish gray, darkest at outer mar-
gin; fringes slightly paler.

Under surface : primaries pale gray, shining, powdered with dark
tipped scales on costal and apical areas. Secondaries much paler, sjmi-
larly powdered on costal area. Wing expanse 26 to 32 mm.

Hnlotype $ , Sept., and allotype, Palmerlee, Arizona. One
paratype $ and two paratypes 9 , same locality. One paratype
$ and one paratype 9, Chiricahua Mts., Cochise County,
Arizona, Sept. and Aug., all in coll. Barnes, with other speci-
mens from the same localities.

We place fusatla Grt. between minor Dyar and dcntata.
Dyar. Far/a is related to the last named and to conspicua
Dyar, which is a good species, and may he placed between the
two. From the former it differs in the more even and more
constantly gemmate t. p. line and from the latter in its relatively
short palpi. In conspicua the palpi exceed the front by well
over the length of the head.

SUBFAMILY LITHOSTINAE.

A recent examination of the type of Ctenucha modnlata Hy.
Edw. by Dr. Barnes disclosed the fact that our series under
this name was incorrectly placed. The four specimens which
we regarded as inodulata appear to belong to an undescribed
species. ' In Hampson's key to the genera of this subfamily
(Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. II, 81 ct scq.} the insect runs to the
genus Lysccia Wlk. or the second section of Pastcosia I lamps.,
but we feel that this entirely misrepresents its relations. From
Gnafnptonychia Hamps. it differs only in the apparent anasto-
mosis of Sc and R\ of the primaries toward the greatly weak-
ened apex of Sc, and in the stalking of JU2 and .1/3 of the
primaries. The species appears to be closely related to flai'i-
collis Druce, orthotype of Gnamptonychia, so we associate it
for the present with that species. According to our idea of
genera, some phylogenetic differences may be present within
the unit, as well as within the family. Nature is relative ;
certainlv Man cannot make her absolute.

xxxii. '2\ | KNTOMOLOI.K \i NEWS 297

Gnamptonychia ventralis n. ^p.

Head, first joint of antennae, palpi, collar, coxae, femora, hind tibiae
and ventral surface of abdomen and thorax bright orange-yellow. Clasp-
ers of male and terminal part of body in female also orange-yellow. All
femora tipped with black, hind tibiae with black spurs and tip. Fore
and mid tibiae and all tarsi black.

Primaries greenish drab in our one female, greenish black in males.
Secondaries dull brownish black. Thorax and abdomen above concolor-
ous with primaries and secondaries, respectively. Wing expanse 38 to
45 mm.

Holotypc $ and two paratypes 9, White Mts.. Arizona.
Allotypc Huachuca Mts., Arizona. July 14. All in roll. Harm's.
All four types are in rather poor condition.

Cisthene Walker. Logotype C. subjecta Wlk.

The earliest valid type fixation for this genus which we are
able to find is that of Grote ( Mull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. TT, 151,
1874). This was corroborated by Kirby in his Cat. Lep. Hrt.
I, 288, 1892. The name thus replaces Illlcc Walker as used at
present.

Cisthene faustinula Bdv.

The type of this species has recently been illustrated in
Oberthiir's Etudes. We have two Colorado specimens which
compare very well with this figure, but find that most of our
California:1, examples are referable to the form fnsca Stretch.
It would be interesting to hear from some of the Californian
students what conditions may govern the appearance of the
two forms.

SUBFAMILY ARCTIINAE.
Arachnis midas n. sp.

A single male .-Inn-Inns taken -by Mr. Tom Spalding at
Eureka. I'tah. August 24, 1920, proves to be an undescribed
species.

This specimen is distinguished at once from most of our species by
its yellow secondaries, and from zuni Xeum. by the more brok.-n.
macular appearance of the dark markings of the primaries. These
wings are pure white, the markings almost identical with some speci-
mens of A. />/<•/</ nitiia Ottol. The secondaries are yellow of a more
ochreous shade than the secondaries of zutii, and the area between Ml
and .11 is semi-transparent yellow, not white as in emit $. Only tin-
fringes are whitish. There are three black dots on the outer margin,

298 ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS | xxxii, '21

one, geminate, at R, a very small one at .1/3, and one toward anal
angle. There are three large gray costal spots, bordered with black,
which reach to the radius. The middle one is continued slenderly
across the end of the cell, and the basal spot forms a vague, broken
band to A\. The under surface of the primaries is also similar to A.
picta main, but the yellow of the costa becomes paler toward the inner
margin, which is pale yellow instead of pink. The secondaries arc
white, somewhat tinged with yellow, and are broadly ochreous along
the inner margin. Maculation as above but more definite.

The abdomen is concolorous with the secondaries. It is marked with
macular black lateral lines and a slender dorsal line broadened on the
last segment. The entire body is white below. Expanse 66 mm.

Holotypc $ in coll. Barnes.

Pygarctia elegans Stretch.

We have a specimen from Kingman. Arizona, which agrees
so accurately with Stretch's description as to leave no reasonable
doubt of its identity. This specimen convinces us that the
present placing of roscicapitis N. & D. and flaiid or sails P>. &
McD. as forms of elegans is incorrect. The distinguishing
features of elegans, as exemplified by this one male, are the
pinker shade of the abdomen, the presence here of lateral black
spots and the fact that the dorsal spots are distinctly bordered
with white, the restriction of the pinkish area on the head to
a very slender line, broadened behind the eyes, and the white
shaft of the antennae. Flarldorsalls may stand as a form of
roseicapitis.

News of Another Russian Entomologist

[Apropos of the article in the NEWS for July, 1921, page 199, we art
glad to print the following from a private letter. — ED.]

My friend and compatriot, the Russian Odonatologist, Prof. A. X
Bartenev, asked me to help him get all the literature on Odonata pub-
lished since 1914, as he is, of course, severely handicapped in his work
bv the lack of literature of recent years. These may be sent eith-r
directly to Prof. Bartenev, his address being Prof. A. N. Bartenev.
University, Rostov-Don, Russia, or, if there is any difficulty in sending
registered book packets (it is not safe to send non-registered to Russia)
from America, they may be sent to me and I will forward them to him
— B. UVAROV, Assistant Entomologist, British Museum (Natural His-
tory), Cromwell Road, London, S. YY. 7.

\x\ii. '21 | EN.TOMOLOGK Al. NEWS

Description of Two New Species of the Angustipennis

Group of the Dipterous Genus Tipula Linnaeus,

with Table of Species.

By \Y.M. (i. DIKTZ. M.D., Ha/leton. I'ennsyKama.

The species of this group are characterized hy pale gray to
brownish, or reddish-brown wings, mottled, with predomi-
nantly pale spots and a few dark, fuscous spots. The latter are
confined to the origin of Rs (absent in beaitliciti), end of Sc and
the stigma and its proximity. A pale spot always present at
two-thirds or three-fourths of cell .17, another spot, generally
large but often absent, just before the middle of cells Cu and
Al ; this spot frequently extends into cell M. Pale spots before
and behind the stigma, generally present and conspicuous, the
latter frequently extends as a fascia into cell 1st M2, or even
M4. No fuscous spots at base of cells R or ..17 and no pale
spots along the posterior wing-margin.

Key to the sfn'cics.

1. Eighth sternite of male, with one or more appendages...
Eighth sternite of male simple

2. With median and lateral appendages

With median appendage only scrta I.nfw

3. Yellow ; ninth tergite of male short, scarcely emarginate in the

middle scnctja Alex.

Darker, yellowish-gray. Ninth tergite of male longer, with a deep,
broadly V-shaped emargination neptitn sp. n.

4. Antennae unicolorous, fuscous

Not as in the alternative

5. Abdomen reddish

Abdomen not reddish

6. Abdomen without longitudinal stripes, wings reddish-brown,

sliaski Alex.
Abdomen trivittate, wings grayish- fusr<ms tiii;iitstif>cnins I.<HU

7. Thoracic stripes margined tristis Doaiu

Thoracic stripes not margined manna Doanc

8. Flagellar joints nnicolorous

Flagellar joints, except the first, distinctly bicolored. . . .

9. Dark, blackish, thoracic stripes not margined: antennae dark 1-rown,

second joint yellowish »iiyni<-<"-/1c/-/.v Doane

Not as in the alternative 10

300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

10. Black ; abdomen not vittatc hek'ocincta Doane

Not as in the alternative 11

11. Thoracic stripes not margined inbtcmticornis Doane

Thoracic stripes margined 12

12. The median thoracic stripe divided by a longitudinal line 13

Not as in the alternative iynota Alex.

13. Cell /?4-f-5 white in its basal portion centralis Loew

Not as in the alternative 14

14. Ninth tergite of male with deep, U-shaped emargination.

Carolina Alex.

Ninth tergite short and broad, posterior margin broadly con-
cave canadensis Loew

15. Flagellar joints yellow, basal enlargement dark fuscous,

balioptera Loew
Flagellar joints fuscous, basal enlargement yellow, '.beaulicni sp. n.

Tipula neptun spec. n.

General coloration yellowish-gray ; allied to senega Alex., pallida
Loew. — Wings gray, pale, markings distinct. Ninth tergite of male
with deep, broad V-shaped emargination. Eighth sternite with median
and lateral appendages.

$ — Length, 16 mm.; wing. 15 mm. Head dusky, yellowish-gray.
Rostrum of moderate length, concolorous ; frontal prolongation with
ill-defined median darker line : nasus depressed. Palpi brown, fourth
joint shorter than the preceding joints together. Antennae of mod-
erate thickness; extended they reach to about the end of the scutel ;
scapal joints dull yellow, first flagellar joint light brown, the following
joints fuscous, the basal enlargement dark fuscous, distinctly emargi-
nate beneath ; setae not or but little longer than the respective
joints; pubescence very short, white.

Thoracic dorsum gray ; stripes brown, the median prescutal stripe
divided by a fusiform line of the ground color, the exterior margin
of the stripe with a row of whitish hairs. Scutum gray with a dark,
fuscous patch each side. Scutel yellowish-fuscous, with a slight sheen.
Postnotum gray, with fuscous median stripe, wider anteriorly. Pleuro-
dorsal membrane dark yellow. Pleura gray, grayish white pruinose.
Halteres pale, club fuscous. Legs yellowish-fuscous. Pilosity very
short, black, appressed. Coxae grayish-yellow ; femora sordid yellow
basally, darker toward the apex; tibiae light fuscous; tarsi dark fus-
cous, the metatarsi much shorter than the tibiae. Wings gray, darker
in apical portion, the pale markings distinct, spots in 1st r and 2nd r,
r2 and r3, r4+5, basal part of cell 1st M2, base of cell M4, a large
spot at three-fourths of cell M and a large spot at one half of cell
Cu and A\\ this spot extends indistinctly into cell .17.

Abdomen yellow, light brown posteriorly, a fuscous dorsal stripe

XXxii. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 301

interrupted at the incisures, a lateral stripe also interrupted at the
incisures and becoming obsolete on tergites seven and eight ; lateral
margins of tergites whitish. Venter obscure yellow, brownish pos-
teriorly. Hypopygium not large, light brown. The eighth sternite
slightly emarginate, with a rather long, median appendage, bifid at
the apex and a rather long, digitiform appendage at each lat-
eral angle, bearing a hair pencil at its apex. Xinth tergite
broad, with a deep, broad V-shaped emargination, each lateral lobe
with a sharp point at its apex ; ninth sternite with deep V-shaped
emargination, containing two pale, hairy appendages. Pleural suture
complete ; the pleurite somewhat prolonged distad, subacuminate. The
upper external appendage long, slender, directed dorsad and bearing
a pencil of hair at its apex ; the inner appendage consists of a per-
pendicular plate, the anterior end of which abuts beneath the emargi-
nation of the ninth tergite, posteriorly this plate expands into a hori-
zontal lamina, broadly emarginate along the posterior margin, the distal
end of the perpendicular plate turns outwardly.

$ — Length, 20.5 mm.; wing, 17.5 mm. Antennae short, scapal
joints brownish yellow. The dorsal, abdominal stripe more widely
interrupted beyond the second incisure, the lateral stripes broader and
more conspicuous, the lateral tergal margin more yellowish. Ovi-
positor brown, valves rather long, gradually narrowed posteriorly,
obtusely pointed, the ventral pair fully three-fourths the length of the
dorsal valves.

Holotype—$, Bullion Peak, Park County, Colorado, 11,000
feet, May 20, 1914. (E. J. Oslar. ) Allot ype, 9, topotypic,
11,500 feet, August 20, 1914. Paratypcs, topotypic, 9 males, 3
females. Types in author's collection.

Agrees with T. senega in the construction of the eighth ster-
nite of the male, but differs from this species in the gray thorax
and the longer and deeply emarginate ninth tergite of the male.
In its hypopygeal construction this species shows considerable
similarity to impudica and its allies, the ninth sternite, how-
ever, is much less prolonged.

Tipula beaulieui spec. n.

Thoracic stripes margined. Eighth sternite of male abdomen sim-
ple, acutely produced in the middle. Flagellar joints distinctly
bicolored, brown, basal enlargement yellow.

$ — Length, 15 mm.; wing, 14 mm Head gray; rostrum rather
short, sordid yellow ; frontal prolongation gray, nasus short, obtuse.
Palpi light brown, fourth joint fuscous, shorter than the three preced-
ing joints together. Antennae not elonuute ; M apal joints dull yellow;
first flagellar joint yellow, infuscate apically, following joints fuscous,

302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

basal enlargement dark yellow, cylindroidal, scarcely emarginate above
the basal enlargement; setae shorter than the respective joints; pubes-
cence very fine, white. Occiput grayish- fuscous, with an indistinct,
darker, median line, orbital margins pale.

Thoracic dorsum brownish-yellow. Pronotum with dark fuscous,
median line. Prescutal stripes brown, distinctly margined, especially
the lateral ones, the median stripe divided by a narrow line of the
ground color, which is a little wider behind the middle ; fuscous spots
of scutum margined. Scutel and postnotum gray, the former with
a fine, fuscous, median line, the latter with broad, lateral, fuscous
stripes and an abbreviated median line. Pleuro-dorsal membrane sordid
yellow. Pleura gray, mesosternum and mesepimeron darker. Halteres
pale yellow, club infuscate. Legs sordid yellow, pilosity black, very
short. Coxae yellowish-gray, whitish pruinose ; femora and tibiae
darker at the apex; tarsi fuscous, outer joints darker; metatarsi shorter
than the tibiae. Wings gray, more yellowish in basal part and along
cell Sc, darker in apical portion; no fuscous spot over origin of Rs,
stigma brown ; the broad post-stigmal spot extends through cell R2+3,
narrows in cell 7^4 + 5 and ends very conspicuously in cell 1st AI2;
the outer spot in cell M large and conspicuous ; a rather broad streak
in cell A\ close to vein Al, no pale spot in cell Cu.

Abdomen orange yellow, first tergite grayish-yellow; three longi-
tudinal, fuscous stripes, the dorsal stripe conspicuous, entire, extends
from base to end of seventh tergite ; lateral stripes ill defined, and
consisting of irregular patches on the segments ; lateral margin of
tergites whitish. Eighth sternite simple, acutely produced in the mid-
dle. Hypopygium yellowish-gray, rather small ; ninth tergite mod-
erately large, channeled along the middle, the posterior margin with
V-shaped emargination ; ninth sternite with V-shaped emargination.
Pleural suture complete; pleurite truncate posteriorly, hind angle
acuminate; outer apical appendage small, lanceolate, curved dorso-
cephalad; the inner appendage large, perpendicular, bladelike ; the
lower appendage consists of a horizontal lamina, ending posteriorly in
an upturned, curved club, emarginate at its tip and turned outward.

Holotypc—S , Ottawa, Canada, January 9, 1912. (Germain
Beaulieu.) In author's collection.

Named in honor of Mr. Germain Beaulieu, to whom 1 am in-
debted for many favors.

Readily distinguished from all the other known members of
the group, in the distinctly bicolored flagellar segments, brown
with yellow, basal enlargement. In hvpopygeal construction
this species greatly resembles 7'. angustipennis.

XXXli. '21 | ENTOM()T.()(;iCAI. NK\VS 303

Observations on Certain Siphonaptera.*

Ctenocephalus canis Curtis; Ctenocephalus felis Bouche and Cerato-

phyllus fasciatus Bosc.

By E. M. CRAIGHEAD, Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg.

Penna.

In January, 1917, experiments were started for the purpose
of confirming the theory that the flea may be a possible carrier
of Infantile Paralysis, as outlined by Dr. Mark W. Richardson
(1 and 2).

Daily visits were made to an animal hospital and hundreds
of flea eggs were collected from mats where the dogs and cats
were confined. After several days' examination the author's
attention was called to the fact that not a single living larva
could be found; though many of the eggs had hatched. The
larvae died shortly after they emerged from the eggs. The
temperature of the room was 70 degrees F. or more, without
anv moisture, for doors and windows were always closed. This
very condition pointed out the fact that proper moisture
must be present for the survival of the larvae, and as a result
much time was saved in the laboratory experiments. This
same room, during the months of June and July, was without
heat ; windows and doors were open constantly and many larvae
completed their life history under these conditions. The former
conditions exist in many of our homes during the winter, thus
there is a decided decrease in the number of fleas.

I'.ggs when laid upon a blanket were very easily removed,
but when laid in a test tube or any earthen ware they adhere-
to the container and require great care in removal. They were
placed in a small petri di>h. the bottom of which was covered
with blotting paper, and each day was slightly moistened with
water. The blotter retained sufficient moisture for the cage
and enabled the larvae to free themselves from the egg shells.

Temperature and moisture have some effect on the time of
hatching of the eggs and the following table shows results

* The observations and records that appear in this article are the re-
sults of Research Work carried mi at Harvard Medical School, and the
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, during the
years 1917 and 1919.

304 ENTOMOLOGICAL XEWS [xxxii, '21

obtained without moisture and regulated temperature other than
that present in the laboratory and eggs were unprotected from
direct light.

Cage Number Number eggs in cage Number hatched

Jan. 18—1 6 6

" 22— 3 A 131 90

" 23— 3 B 100 55

" 24— 3C 60 26

" 25— 3D 100 54

". 26— 3E 100 69

" 29— 3F 100 11

" 29— 3G 100 67

" 30— 3H 100 52

" 30 31 100 20

The following table shows rate of hatch when blotting paper
and moisture were used ; temperature kept at 70 degrees F., and
eggs protected from direct light.

Cage Number Number eggs in cage Number hatched

Feb. 2— 5A 65 37

2— 3L 100 79

6— 3M 100 89

7— 3N 100 85

7— 3O 100 65

9— 3P 100 92

9— 3R 100 80

14—6 25 16

" 17— <5A 200 171

" 22— 6B 200 175

" 23— 6C 100 72

The removing of the larvae from egg cages to larval cages
was done by means of a moistened camel's hair brush, and a
slight tap on the edge of the cage would set larvae free.

CAGES FOR LARVAE.

Petri dishes fitted with circular pieces of blotting paper,
extending j/,s to y± of an inch up the sides, proved to be very
satisfactory. If blotting paper did not extend up the side of
the cage, the larvae would work their way under it, and if not
removed every day thev would die.

Sand and sawdust were placed in the cage so that they
reached half way up the side, and then the cage was removed

XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 305

out of the direct light. If too much water was placed in the
cage, the sand, sawdust and blotting paper would all help to
absorb it, and the next day the cage would not be moistened.

The cage used for pupae was the same used by Mr. Lyon.
(No. 3) in his experiments with the cat flea, namely: A glass
funnel with wire pan within ; the cage containing pupae was
placed on the pan. leaving a clear space around the sides, and
the funnel was covered to prevent hatched fleas from escaping.
The neck of the funnel was inserted in a test tube and the
entire apparatus attached to a ring stand. The fleas when
emerging would jump about and fall into the test tube below.
where they could very easily be removed.

PREPARATION OF FOOD.

Blood was secured in large quantities, centrifuged, and after
the serum was removed, the red corpuscles were placed in an
incubator and allowed to dry. The crystals were placed in a
mortar and ground to a fine powder, and this formed the food
for most of the larvae. Rat feces were ground by the same
process and gave fairly good results, but far better results
were secured from the dry blood. Only one objection could be
found when dry blood was used, and this could easily be over-
come if one took care in distributing the food throughout the
cage, namely: When too much moisture was present in the
cage and the blood was not evenly distributed, the moisture
would turn the dried particles into a drop of blood, and upon
drying again would hold the larvae prisoners, thereby killing
many. Two conditions were found unfavorable when rat feces
were used: One, when too much moisture was present mould
would start to grow and soon the cage would be in an un-
healthy condition for larvae ; second, when feces became too
damp a certain amount of ammonia was given off, and this
would kill the larvae if the top of cage was not removed.
( 'ages could not be left uncovered, for in the dark larvae
become quite active and could easily escape, due to the shallow-
ness of the petri dishes. Mutton cloth saturated with blond
was alsn tried but gave very poor results, so this and rat feces
were abandoned shortly after the original experiment^. When

306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21 '

dry blood instead of other foods was fed to larvae the life
cycle was considerably shortened.

While collecting eggs from the mats of dogs and cats on
several occasions, adult flea feces were observed in rather large
amounts, and as these are the source of food for most of the
larvae in nature, enough material was gathered to conduct an
experiment. The larvae, in cages, fed entirely upon this, pro-
duced adults in 15 and 16 days respectively. No such results
were obtained when they were fed upon other food. The
blood used in other experiments was from a human source,
and the larvae seem to obtain certain ingredients from the flea
feces that were not present in the human blood, for the life
cycle in the former case was considerably shorter.

LIFE HISTORY — 22 DAYS.

A very close record was kept of 5,997 eggs from the time
they were laid until adults emerged, and the following shows
the results :

Number of eggs : 5997. Average number of days to hatch : 4. Per
cent hatched : 75. Average number of days from egg hatching to pupa :
14. Average number of days for pupa: 4.

If adults were fed daily they could be kept alive for a period
of thirty to forty days.

FLEAS ON RATS.

Twenty-five rats were captured alive in several open lots in
Boston and not a single rat flea was secured. In Wayland,
Massachusetts, twelve rats were caught and from these 57
adult rat fleas were removed. In Brighton, Massachusetts, a
total of over 100 rats was captured and from these six rat
fleas were removed. The large number of rats in Brighton
and the scarcity of fleas led to further investigations. The
boards were removed from one of the stable floors and under
here many rat nests were found, and in every nest eggs, larvae
and adult fleas were present in large numbers. As high as
C»0 adults were removed from one nest and there was not
one nest that did not give a small number of adults, many
of which contained fresh mammalian blood. Why the fleas
did not remain upon the rats can be partially explained by the

XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 307

poor physical condition of the latter. Many had no hair on
their hacks; a few had, hut it was not sufficient to afford a
hiding place.

This certainly proves that these fleas at one time fed upon
their natural host and then went into hiding as soon as they had
secured sufficient food. Rats slept in large numhers in the n<
under the floor of the stable, so the fleas could undoubtedly
obtain food whenever they desired it. In such places the rats
gather for winter quarters, and in just such a place as this the
life cycle of fleas continues throughout the year. Tf the beds
of household animals are kept dry and cleaned every few day>
there is little chance of the larvae ever reaching the adult stage.
In a wet season, if animals are out of doors, we have another
proposition to deal with, for there is plenty of moisture present
for the larvae to complete the life cycle.

THE FEEDING OF ADULTS.

Fleas were removed from the breeding cage, placed in a
test tube, and over the end of a tube a fine grade of silk bolting
cloth was fastened by an elastic band. A portion of the
abdomen of a host animal was shaved and the tube was then
placed upon this region. This method proved very satisfactory,
for from twenty to twenty-five fleas were placed in each tube
and from two to three tubes could be held in the hand at one
time. The fleas were fed once or twice every day. It never
required more than five minutes for them to feed.

After feeding the test tube was placed with the silk-covered
end down upon a piece of moistened blotting paper, that was
cut to fit a small bell jar, the bottom of which contained mois-
tened sand and sawdust.

FEEDING FLEAS ON UNNATURAL HOSTS.

When fleas were removed from their natural host and placed
upon a monkey, rabbit, or guinea pig, there was very little likeli-
hood of their feeding, and nine-tenths of them would die in
about five days, while on the other hand reared specimens when
placed upon an unnatural host would feed in a very short tinv
and could be kept alive from thirty to forty davs. It seemed
that after thev once fed in the tubes little trouble was iound

308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

in transferring them to other animals, and even to human
beings. When the tube is first placed upon the animal the fleas
are quite excited, but they gradually settle down, and if not
disturbed, will take a full meal at one feeding. Adults have
been kept alive for fifty days, but this is quite unusual and un-
doubtedly they live longer under natural conditions.

REFERENCES.

1. Richardson, Mark W., M.D. The Rat and Infantile Paralysis—
A Theory. The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal — 1916.

2. Richardson, Mark W., M.D. The Rat and Infantile Paralysis-
A Theory. American Journal of Public Health. Vol. VIII, No. 8.
Aug., 1918.

3. Lyon, H. Notes on the Cat Flea— 1915. Psyche, XXII, pp. 124
132. No. 4, Aug., 1915.

On the Species of the Genus Basileus Sauss.
and Pict. (Orth., Copiphorinae).

By B. P. UVAROV.

( With one figure in Text. )

The genus Basileus (Orthoptera, Copiphorinae) was estab-
lished in 1899 by Saussure and Pictet, with one species only—
B. diadcmatus Sauss. & Pict. W. Kirby, in the course of com-
piling his catalogue, rightly included in the same genus Locitsta
repanda Walker, but he was quite wrong in regarding re panda
as identical specifically with diadematus, since Walker's species
differs very much even from the description of diadcmatus.
He, nevertheless, synonymized diadcmatus with repanda, the
latter name being adopted by him according to its priority. This
synonymy has been accepted also by H. Karny in his latest
revision of Copiphorinae.

As I had tlie opportunity of studying Walker's actual type
of repanda, as well as another female specimen of the same
species, and compared them with one female undoubtedly be-
longing to diadematus, I feel myself justified in giving the fol-
lowing key for separating these two, and the only known,
species of Basileus.

1 (2). Fastigium of the vertex with all three lohes rounded, the mid-
dle one being considerably broader than the side ones, but not promi
nent. Face, clypcus and mandibles rufous. Hind lobe of pronotum
broad and short; lateral lobes with hind angles widely rounded,

xxxii. '21]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NFAVS

309

Subgcnital plate of female short, flat ; its apex with a broad triangular
emargination ; hind lobes very short. Ovipositor moderately curved,
about twice as long as pronotum ................ B. repandus ( Walk.)

2 (1). Fastigium of the vertex with middle lobe subacute, distinctly
prominent and scarcely broader than the side lobes. Lower part of
the face, clypeus and mandibles black. Hind lobe of pronotum nar-
lower and longer; lateral lobes with hind angles subacuminate. I'V
male subgenital plate elongate, tectiform, deeply and narrowly tri-
angularly emarginate at the apex, with hind lobes rather long and
slightly impressed. Ovipositor strongly recurved, one and one-half
times as long as pronotum ............ H. diadematus Sauss. & Pict.

The dimensions of both species are as follows:

Length of body

Length of pronotum

\Yidth of the hind lobe of pronotum..

Length of legmen

Length of hind femur

Length of hind tibia

Length of ovipositor

repandus
36 mm.

10

57

17
16

1 ' '

diadematus

30 mm.

9.5

6.5
49
16
15
15

R. — Jlasileus repandus ( Walk.) D. — /.'. diadf»ialus Sauss. & I'ici. V , !•', iasligium
of vertex from above. S. Si, subgenital plate of female. L, Li, lateral lobes of pronotum.

The geographical distribution of both species is, so far, very
poorly known. B. diadematus was originally described from
Cayenne and the only specimen before me was taken by A. A.
Abraham at Takama, on the I'.erbicr ki\er, llrhish Guiana, in
February, 1919. 1 do not know of any other records of this
species. As for B. repandus, its type is from an unknown

310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxXXH, '21

locality, but another specimen in the British Museum is from
Pernamlmco. There are, of course, no other records on the
occurrence of this species, since it was confounded by Kirby
with diadeniatns. The synonymy of both species is as follows:

1899. Basilcus diadematus. Sauss. & Pict., Biol. Centr. Americana, Orth.,

I, p. 385, No. 1, pi. 19, fig. 11, 12.
Basilcus repandus (Walk.).
1869. Locusta re panda, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., II. p. 284,

No. 16.
1910. B[asi!eiis] repandus, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, p. 233, No. 1

(except synonyms!)
1912. B\asilcus] repandus, Karny, Gen. Insect., Orth., 139 fasc., Copi-

phorinae, p. 29, No. 1 (except synonyms!)

A New Species and A New Variety of
Cicindela (Col.).

By ADOLPH MAKES, Chicago, Illinois.

Two apparently undescribed forms belonging to the genus
Cicindela have been in my collection for a number of years.
Having been urged by many of those who have viewed them,
to make them known, I have decided to yield to their wishes.
The following descriptions, though brief, will, it is believed,
suffice to enable their recognition.

Cicindela illinoensis sp. nov.

This form is similar in size and markings to sexguttata Fab., from
which it differs by being entirely black and the upper surface opaque.
The sides of the prothorax at basal third are more strongly compressed
and parallel to base.

I took this type myself at Riverside, Illinois, and it is a
unique in my collection. I had regarded this as a variety of
sc.\-(/itttata, but the differently formed thorax in combination
with other characters leave no doubt as to its distinctness from
that species, black forms of which are said to occur in the
eastern states. New Jersey and Pennsylvania, mixed with the
green as dimorphic forms. This is a male of the species-
length 14 mm., width 6 mm.

Cicindela repanda var. hoosieri nov.

Differs from the typical form by the general color being a rather
brilliant green instead of the usual dark brown. The elytral marking
which are of the repanda type and complete are nlso broader than in
typical repanda.

Type from Cedar Lake, Lake County, Indiana, taken by
myself. This is a female of the species — length 12 mm., width
5 mm.

This form seems certainly deserving of a varietal name, if
only for the purpose of expediting exchanges.

XXxii. '21] ENTOMOLOCK A! N KWS 311

Some Notes on Drosophilidae (Diptera).

By J. R. MALLOCH.

Several years ago whi'e working on the immature stages of
Diptera J undertook to arrange and extend the materials in
the family Drosophilidae belonging to the collection of the
State Natural History Survey of Illinois, and part of that work
consisted of making keys to the genera. Shortly after I started
the work I was informed of the more extensive work which
Dr. Sturtevant had undertaken and dropped mine, at least
insofar as it was intended for publication. Recently I received
from Dr. Sturtevant a copy of his paper on Drosophilidae* and
present the following notes on some of the genera as an addi-
tion to our knowledge of the family.

STEGANA Meigen.

Sturtevant has united this genus with PJiortica Schiner in
his paper. Though the characters usually cited for their sep-
aration are, as he says, unreliable, there are other characters
present that, in my opinion, warrant the retention of Phortica
as a separate genus.

In Stcyana the frontal lunule is transverse above, the suture
extending in a straight line almost from eye to eye above bases
of antennae, while in at least the American species of Phortica
it is arcuate above and indistinct except centrally ; the mid tibia
has some very noticeable setulae on posterodorsal surface
which are not developed in Phortica; the scutellum is slightly
flattened above, not regularly rounded, and elongate, while in
Phortica it is convex, short and evenly rounded ; and the second
wing-vein is curved forward rather abruptly to costa at its
apex, whereas in Phortica it is straight to apex, gradually ap-
proaching costa.

I took a single female of the genotype, colcoftrata Scopoli, on
a tree-trunk at Urbana, Illinois, Julv 23,

PHORTICA Schiner.

Sturtevant unites Loew's two species in bis paper, stating
that an extensive series "shows graded color variations com-
pletely connecting these two extremes," and that he can find no

*Publication 301, Carnegie Institution, Washington, 1921.

312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxil, '21

other characters upon which to separate them. In my material,
which is all from Illinois and all collected by myself since
1915, I find three species, two of which 1 assume to be those
described by Loew. Several of the specimens taken were
attracted evidently by perspiration and were very persistent in
their efforts to settle on my hands and face.

Key to Species.

1. Male with some very long yellow bristles on basal half of postero-
ventral surface of hind femur, the longest of which are longer thaiv
the diameter of femur: color of both sexes usually deep black;
humeral and pleural spots milk-white and conspicuous; bristles of
thorax yellowish, in male conspicuously so ; f rons in male usually
slightly silvery and more or less whitish anteriorly, .humcralis Loew

Male without bristles as above; species brownish or yellowish, with or
without conspicuous white humeral and pleural spots ; f rons not
silvery 2

2. Face, humeri, and pleurae with milk-white spots. ... Icucosioma Loew
Face, humeri, and pleurae without milk-white spots, but little paler
than the surrounding areas minor sp. n.

Phortica minor sp. n.

$ , Yellowish brown, slightly shining, legs slightly paler. Humeri
and the pleural area occupied by the whits spot in other species paler
than the surrounding areas but inconspicuously so.

Structurally similar to lencostoma, differing in being 2 mm. in length,
whereas leucostoma is 3 mm.

Type, Dubois, Illinois, June 5, 1920. Two paratypes, same
locality, August 12, 1920, and June 3. 1919. Types in the col-
lection of the State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois.

MICRODROSOPHILA gen. n.

Generic characters: Similar to Drosophila in structure. Dif-
fers from that genus in having each orbit with two strong
bristles, the outer one directed forward and placed a little
anterior to the inner, which is backwardly directed ; the meso-
notum with two pairs of dorso-centrals, one pair a little proxi-
mad of the middle and the other near posterior margin ; only
one humeral bristle ; basal pair of scutellars much weaker than
apical pair, the latter not cruciate ; costal setulae continued
almost or quite to apex of third vein.
(rcnotypc, Drosophila qnadrata Sturtevant.

Sturtevant records this species from Alabama, Georgia, and
Indiana. 1 took two specimens on windows in the Natural
History Building of the University of Illinois, June 13 and
August 4, 1915.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS '

PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1921.

The Insects in the United States National Museum

The discussion in this and preceding numbers of the XE\VS
on the deposition of types of insects adds interest to the data
given on the Insects of the National Museum in the lately
published Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for
1919. In it Prof. J. M. Aldrich, Associate Curator, traces the
origin of the insect collection to Dr. C. V. Riley in 1878, and
briefly follows its growth from 115,000 specimens in 1886, to
2,125,189 (partly estimated) in June. 1919. The named species
represented by this latter figure number 98,925, also estimated
in part. One of the most recent statements as to the total
number of known species of insects is that of Prof. H. S. Pratt,
in 1912, who gave the figures 360,000. On this basis the
National Museum possesses more than one-fourth of this num-
ber and claims to have types of about one-sixteenth, or 22,969
species.

Although it is generally assumed that the Coleoptera are the
most extensively^ studied of the insectan orders, and although
the National Museum estimates its beetles at 738,000, its named
species thereof are but 32,500, not greatly exceeding its 30,653
species of Lepidoptera, with 275,920 specimens. Next follow
its 17,638 named species (493,757 specimens) of Hymenoptera,
and its 10,253 named species (210,880 specimens) of Diptera.

Annual Meetings at Toronto, Canada.

The Entomological Society of America will meet Tuesday and
Wednesday, December 27 and 28; The American Association of Eco-
nomic Entomologists on Thursday to Saturday, December 29 to 31 ;
The Ecological Society of America, Ikn-mber 27 to 30; the American
Society of Zoologists, December 28 to 30; the American Society of
Naturalists, December 29; all in affiliation with The American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science.

313

314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Flower Visits of Xylota chalybea Wd. (Diptera, Syrphidae).
In the "Handbook of Flower Pollination," / : 375, citation 40, Davis
states, evidently on authority of Graenicher, that some Syrphids do not
visit flowers, and mentions Xylota chalybea as an example. In Knuth's
"Handbuch der Bliitenbiologie," III, 2: 390, of which Davis' work is a
translation, this fly is mentioned as a visitor of HydrophyHum appendi-
cnlatum and Viburnum pubesccns. 1 have also taken it on flowers of
Rosa humilis and R. sctigcra. — CHARLES ROBERTSON, Carlinville, Illinois.

On the Deposition of Type Material.

In the editorial on the deposition of type material by J. A. G. R.
in the June, 1921, number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, certain features,
criticising one of the suggestions in the last report of the Committees on
the U. S. National Museum of the two national entomological societies,
calls for a statement, especially since certain statements are over-
drawn and might convey an incorrect impression.

Our committees were appointed to assist in developing the U. S.
National Museum as a truly National Institution for the advancement
of entomology in general and to this end should have the unhampered
support of the entire entomological fraternity. The National Museum
is the museum which should and does logically represent the United
States and, in co-operation with the federal Bureau of Entomology,
undertakes to identify insects, both native and exotic, for all the peopl<;
of the United States. Aside from this service which is not attempted
by any other similar institution, the National Museum, because of its
location and associations, has a larger staff of workers, collaborators,
and visiting students than is likely to be assembled by an endowed insti-
tution. The scope of the work of the Museum is national and the com-
mittees have maintained that the entomologists of the United States
should consider it as such and insist on making it such by depositing
types and cotypes there rather than in private and small institutional
collections. It was not expected, nor intended, by the committee that a
few of the larger institutions be deprived of types but it is of the opinion
that the type depositories should be reduced to as few as possible. It
was believed that private collections and the majority of state institu-
tions are not the best places to deposit types and that the types in these
collections, particularly in the state institutions which have been so
bountifully helped by the National Museum, should be deposited in the
National Museum for safe keeping.

The plan proposed by the National Museum of building up collec-
tions as outlined in the committee report under discussion is in itself
a valuable feature which we believe no other institution has adopted.

XXN'ii. '21] KNTOMMl.MCilCA!. NKAVS 315

The point to he brought out is that the type material sin mid not lie
considered as personal property for. in reality, types are the property
of tht Science and not of the institution or individual in whose cus-
tody they may happen to he. Types are the evidence and basis of
all systematic work and should he made as readily accessible to all
responsible workers as is consistent with a safe policy for their
preservation. Type depositories should be limited to a few of the
larger institutions, and since the National Museum is the institution
of all the people, is broader in its scope than any othei institution
and is in a better position to aid far-away students by furnishing
comparisons made by specialists, it is the one institution which stands
out pre-eminent as a type depository. Furthermore, it is the institu-
tion which, with the co-operation of the Federal Bureau of
Entomology, renders most aid to State institutions and these, there-
fore, should be willing to assist by depositing their types with the
institution to which they frequently appeal for assistance. But that
this should not interfere with the deposition of types in other insti-
tutions is manifest; however, other type depositories should' be few in
number and should include only those institutions which are no\y
custodians of large numbers of types and those whose policy for type
preservation is permanent and not subject to the whim-, of a changing
administration.

It has at no time been our intention to minimize the importance and
value of the various museums in our country. The committee was
appointed to assist the National Museum in every way because this
museum above all others has been of great practical value to entomol-
ogists throughout the whole United States, because service of ines-
timable intrinsic worth has been and is being rendered the great mass
of economic entomologists in America. Special stress has been given
the value of the Division of Insects of the U. S. National Museum
because it is a museum of all the people, it is broader in scope and is
richer in type material than any other American museum ; it is bound
to have a much larger staff of workers than will probably ever be
employed by any endowed institution, and it has agreed to assist in
building up the collections of any institution which makes the museum
its type depository.

As the editorial in question brought out, it is "virtually impossible"
to get Congress to set aside a permanent appropriation for the Museum,
yet this does not remove the guarantee, for it certainly is ?. recognized
fact that no government department or independent establishment as
firmly developed as the National Museum will ever be completely
abolished or cut off. On the other hand, we have heard of endowed
institutions going under because of faulty investments, and of their
work being curtailed because the endowment, while sufficient at the
time established, was not elastic and did not provide for the increased

316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | XXXli, '21

cost of maintenance which always confronts large institutions. Is not
the difference in securing funds for a government institution merely
a difference in the method? And, in the government institution is there
not the additional guarantee that the Museum will he maintained
hecause of the economic necessity of having insects identified?

— JOHN J. DAVIS.

Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin

The latest message received from Dr. Rushy, the Director of the
Mulford Exploration, was dated August 30th and was written from
Htiachi on the Bopi River in Bolivia. Dr. Rushy arrived at Huachi on
August 23rd and he and his party spent some time making collections
and excursions into surrounding territory. During their stay there
four members of the party made a trip up the Cochabamha River and
reported finding many things of great scientific and- economic interest

Dr. Rusby states that the journey from Espia, at the head of navi-
gation on the Bopi River, down to Huachi was very interesting and
accomplished successfully except for the loss of five boxes of provi-
sions, including most of their precious ammunition. The loss of their
ammunition leaves the party in a rather precarious condition as they
were depending on it for obtaining not only museum specimens of rare
birds and small mammals but also to supply the camp with fresh meat.
They will also doubtless have need for this ammunition when they pass
through certain sections inhabited by more or less hostile Indian tribes.

Photographs were made of what Dr. Rusby considers the largest
true cactus in the world, which rises to the height of a good-sized tree
and with a limb-spread of 40 feet or more.

Many very interesting forms of insect life have been collected. With
these, as in the case of plant life, specimens collected in one of these
deep Andean valleys may differ entirely from those of a similar valley
very closely adjacent.

The swiftness of the Andean mountain streams and of the Bopi
river, on which the party lost some of their boxes of supplies, is
indicated by the fact that very few species of fish are encountered there.

The waters of these rivers are also charged with dissolved mineral
matter and suspended particles washed down from the mountains. It
is therefore practically unfit for drinking purposes until the suspended
particles have settled out and the water sterilized. Dr. Rusby report*
purchasing whole mule-loads of oranges wherever possible, in order to
obtain orange-juice for drinking purposes, so as to avoid using the
water of the streams.

The members of the party were all reported to be in good health and
enjoying their hard work and novel experiences. According to the
plans outlined in letters just received the party expected to arrive at
Rurrenabaque, Bolivia, about October 1st.

— R. H. HUTCHISON, Sec'y., Philadelphia.

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 317

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSOX. JR.. AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the Kn-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including: Araohnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology. Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

1 — Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, London. Canada. 7 — Annals of
the Entomological Society of America, Columbus. Ohio. 10 — Pro-
ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11—
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 13 — Journal of
Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 15 — Insecutor Inscitiae
Menstrutis, Washington, D. C. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Ento-
mologique de France, Paris. 50 — Proceedings of the United States
National Museum. 56 — Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of
Sciences, Indianapolis. 59 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Wash-
ington, D. C. 61 — Proceedings of the California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco. 79 — Bulletin of the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. 89 — Zoologist-he
Jahrbucher, Jena. 108 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge. England.
109 — Annalcs Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Bu-
dapest. 110 — Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Jena. Ill—
Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 115 — Societas Entomologica,
Stuttgart. 119 — Proceedings <>f the Xational Academy of Sciences
of the U. S. A., Washington, D. C. 127 — Archiv fur Entwicklungs-
mechanik dcr Organismen, Berlin.

GENERAL. Aldrich, J. M.— The division of insects in the I'. S.
Xational Museum. (Rep. Smiths. Inst.. KM'.), :;ii:-SO.) Barber,
G. W. — Collecting about Walden Pond. Concord. Mass. 4, Hii, 1 l.Vfi.
Gorham, R. P. — A method of making photographic prints of insect
wings. 4, liii, Kil-ii:'. Gotz, W. — Zur bionomie dcr inscktcn. IV.
Vom geruchsinn dcr bienen. 115, xxxix. ::?-!). Howard, L. O.—
Entomology and the war. (Rep. Smiths. Inst.. IHl'.i. 411-19.")
McColloch, J. W.— -A method for studying the hessian fly and other
insects. 7, xiv, 227 -:w. Weiss, West & Felt— Notes on the insects
of the spreading dogbane, with a description of a new dogbane
midge. 4r liii, 146-5;.'.

318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Armbruster, L.— Zur phy-
logenie dor geschlechtsbestimmungsweise bei bienen. 89, xl, Abt. f.
Syst., 323-88. Brecher, L. — Die puppenfaerbungen des kohlweiss-
lings, Pieris brassicae. 127, xlv, 2715-322. Buddenbrock, W. v.— Die
vermutliche losung der halterenfrage. (Pflugers Archiv f. Physio!.,
clxxv, 125-64.) Dette, E. — Ucber die metamorphose yen Tricho-
sticha flavescens. 89, xxxix, Abt. f. Syst., 417-42. Dolley, W. L.—
The relative stimulating efficiency of continuous and intermittent
light in Vanessa antiopa. (Psychobiology, ii, 137-376.) Ewing,
H. E. — Selection, regression and parent progeny correlation in
Aphis avenae. (Trans. Illinois Ac. Sc., x, 303-22, 1917.) Hass, W.

— Ueber die struckture des chitins bei arthropoden. (Arcv. Anat. u.
Phys., Leipzig, 1916, 295-338.) Heikertinger, F. — Tauschende ahn-
lichkeit mit wespen und bienen (Sphekoide). 110, xx, 589-92.
Hess, W. N. — Notes on the biology of the fireflies. 56, 1919, 229-31.
Hyde, R. R. — Segregation and recombination of the genes for
tinged, blood, buff, and coral, in Drosophila melanogaster. 56, 1920,
291-313. Kielich, J. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der insectenmuskeln.
89, xl, Abt. f. Anat., 516-36. Kremer, J. — Beitrage zur histologie
der coleopteren . . . 89, xl, Abt. f. Anat., 105-54. Metcalf, C. L.

-The genitalia of male Syrphidae: Their morphology, with especial
reference to its taxonomic significance. 7, xiv, 169-226. Minnich,
D. E. — The relation of phototropism to swarming in the honey bee.
(Psychobiology, ii, 175, 177-80.) Muttkowski, R. A. — Copper: its
occurrence and role in insects and other animals. (Trans. Am.
Micros. Soc., xl, 144-57.) Onslow, H. — The inheritance of wing
color in lepidoptera. 108, xi, 123-39. Przibram, H. — Fangbcine als
regenerate. Fussglieder an kaeferfuhlcrn. Regeration beim haut-
flugler Cimbex axillaris. 127, xlv, 39-51; 52-68; 69-82.

MEDICAL. Riley, W. A. — Some little emphasized guide-posts
to medical entomology. 7, xiv. 159-68.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Herrera, M.— Los escorpiones de Mexico.
(Mem. Soc. Sc. "Antonio Alzate," xxx, 137-59.) Myers, Cox, Jahr-
aus & Moore — A list of California Arachnida. 13, xiii, 19-37.

Chamberlain, J. C. — Notes on the genus Garypus in N. A. 4, liii,
186-91. Ewing, H. E. — New nearctic spider mites of the family
Tetranychidae. 50, lix, 659-66.

NEUROPTERA. Dietz, H. F.— Notes on the termites of In-
diana. 5G, 1920, 87-96. Garman, P. — Variation in the gills of Zygop-
tera. (Trans. Illinois Ac. Sc., i.\, 235, 1916.) Kennedy, C. H.
Some interesting dragon-fly naiads from Texas. 50, Hx, 595-9S.
Kohl, E. J.--Mallop!iaga of our native birds. 56, 1920, 119-33.
Krausse, A. — Zur systematik um uud naturgeschichte der Psylliden
und speziell von Psyllopsis iraxini. (Central!), Bait. Parasitenk. u,

XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 319

Infektionsk., xlvi, 80-9(1.) Longinos, N., R. P. — Dos niu-vas tribus
de mirmeleonidos. (Mem. R. Ac. Cien. y Artes, Barcelona, xvi,
379-84.) Williamson, E. B. — Notes on Indiana dragonflies. 56,
1920, 99-104. Zacher, F. — Die literatur ueber die blattflohe . . .
und nachtragen zum "Psyllidarum catalogus." (Centralb. Bakter.
Parasitenk. u. Infekt., xlvi, 97-111.)

ORTHOPTERA. Blatchley, W. S.— The Orthoptera of north-
western America. 56, 1919, 233-3S. Uvarov, B. P. — Records and
descriptions of South American grasshoppers of the groups Arcyp-
terae and Scyllinae. 11, viii, 309-92.

HEMIPTERA. Bishopp, F. C.— Solenopotes capillatus, a sucking
louse of cattle not heretofore known in the U. S. 59, xxi, 797-801.
Cockerell & Sandhouse — Some eocene insects of the family Fulgori-
dae. 50, lix, 4.~>.">-.">7. Snodgrass, R. E-. — The seventeen-year locust.
(Rep. Smiths. Inst., 1919, 381-409.)

LEPIDOPTERA. Blackmore, E. H.— Cosymbia lumenaria. a
correction. 4, liii. His. Braun, A. F. — Two weeks collecting in
Glacier national park. 1, 1921, 1-23. von Dalla Torre. K. W.—
Lepidopterorum catalogus. Pars 25: Cymatophoridae. Seitz, A. —
Die Grosschmetterlinge der erde. Faun. Am., 337-44.

Dyar, H. G. — New American L. and records. 15, ix, 137-45.
McDunnough, J. — Two new Canadian crambid moths. Note on the
generic position of two Canadian arctiids with description of new
species. The Canadian species of the genus Anomogyna. Samii
euryalus, the correct name for the California silk worm moth. 4,
liii, 160-61; 167-68; 176-81; 191-92.

DIPTERA. Alexander, C. P.— New or little known crane Mies
from the Amazonian region. 1, 1921, 39-103. Undesrribed eriop-
terine crane-flies from Argentina. 4, liii, 1(>2-(1(>. Alexander & Mai-
loch — Notes on the life-history of a crane-fly of the genus Gerano-
m\ia. (Trans. Illinois Ac. Sc., xiii, 310-19.) Kieffer. K. — Beitrag
zur kenntnis der Platygasterinae und ihrer lebensweise. (Centraib.
Bakter. Paras, u. Infekt., xlvi, .147-92.) King, J. L. — The egg laying
habits of a parasitic dipteron, 1'tcrodontia. (Trans. Illinois Ac. Sci..
ix, 233-4, 19 1 (i.) Malloch, J. R.— Exotic Muscaridae.— I V. 11, viii,
414-2."). Economic importance of D. (Trans. Illinois Ac. Sci., ix,
230-32. 191(1.) . Townsend, C. H. T. — Some new muscoid genera,
ancient and recent. 15, ix, 132-34.

Alexander, C. P. — A new species of Tipula injurious to pasture
lands. 15, i\, 13.1-3;. I'lidescribed Tipulidae from \vestern X. V
61, xi, 103-7. Curran, C. H. — A revision of Syrphus species
belonging to the ribesii group. Xew species of Syrphidae. 4, liii,

320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21

152-(>0; 171-71). Dyar, H. G. — The genus Haemagogus (Culicidae).
Illustrations of certain mosquitoes. The mosquitoes of Argentina.
15, ix, 101-14; 114-18; 148-50. Felt, E. P.— (See under \Yeiss, West
& Felt.) Garrett, C. B. D. — Notes on Helomyzidae and descriptions
of new species. 15, ix, 139-32. Kieffer, J. J. — Chironomides d'Ame-
rique. . . 109, xv (1917), 292-364.

COLEOPTERA, Benderitter, E.— Un Rutelide nouveau du
Perou. 20, 1921, 187-8. Bruch, C. — Algunos interesantes ceramhi-
cidos. (Rev. Mus. La Plata, xxv, 345-5(i.) Lucas, R. — Bericht u.
die wissenschaftlichen leistungcn im gebiete der entomologie. Co-
leoptera f. 1915. Ill, 191(5, B, heft .5, 317 pp. Mann, W. M.— Three
new myrmecophilous beetles. 50, lix, 547-52.

Fenyes, A. — New genera and species of Aleocharinae with a poly-
tomic synopsis of the tribe. 79, Ixv, 1 7-3(5. Liljeblad, E. — Notes on
the Mordellidac of the LT. S., with descriptions of new species. 4,
liii, 181-S(i.

HYMENOPTERA. Cushman & Gahan— The Thomas Say spe-
cies of Ichneumonidae. 10, xxiii, 153-71.

Crawford, J. C. — A new species of the chalcidid genus Zatropis.
10, xxiii, 171-2.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE LEGISLATION IN FORCE IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE
PEALING WITH PLANT PESTS AND DISEASES up to the year 1920. Com-
piled by E. MARGUERITE RALFS, B. A., London. The Imperial Bureau
of Entomology, 41 Queen's Gate, S. W. 7, 1921. — The contents of this
pamphlet of 65 octavo pages are well set forth in the title, especially
when one learns from page 3 that in this outline the word "pest"
or "disease" includes parasitic insects, fungi or plants. The orders,
proclamations and acts of the various parts of the Empire bearing on
the presence of diseased plants and on the importation of plants and
their possible pests are summarized for England and Wales ("it is
understood that similar Orders will be issued by the Scottish and
Irish Boards"), Australian Commonwealth and its several States,
Canada and its provinces, Newfoundland, Ceylon, Cyprus, Egypt.
Federated Malay States, Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Gold Coast,
India, Malta, Mauritius, New Zealand, Southern Nigeria, Nigeria, Xyasa-
land, Papua. Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, Samoa, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, South Africa, Straits Settlements, Sudan, Tonga, Uganda,
Antigua, Bahama Islands, Barbados, Bermuda, British Guiana. British
Honduras, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia,
St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago and Zanzibar, truly a formidable list.
Some of the ordinances are very drastic, as in the case of British
Honduras : "Any plant imported is deemed to have come from a
prohibited country unless the importer satisfactorily proves otherwise."
We hone that where the B.-Hondurans dwell neither moth nor rust
corrupt under the protecting shield of Ordinance \To. 3 of 1012. This
Abstract is provided with an index of nine pages, (Advertisement),
—P. P. CAI.YKRT,

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII.

(* indicates new genera, species or varieties.)

ALEXANDER, C. P. Undescribed crane-flies from Argen-
tina 72, 175, 292

BANKS, N. Review: Catalogue of the Coleoptera of

America, north of Mexico 126

BARBER, H. G., ET AL. Manual of the Hemiptera of east-
ern North America in preparation 242

BARLOW, J. The mating habits of Megarh\ssa 291

BARNES, W., & A. W. LINDSEY. Further notes on "A

rare pamphlet" 26

Notes and new species 295

On some species of Hespcria 78

Review : Oberthur's Etudes 253

BRAUN, A. F. Charles Henry Fernald 129

Notes on Microlepidoptera with descriptions of new

species 8

Some factors in the classification of Microlepidoptera. 116

BRIMLEY, C. S. The bee-flies of North Carolina 170

(See also Sherman & Brimley.)
BRITTON, W. F.. and L. O. HOWARD. . William Hampton

Patton (ill.) 33

CALVERT, P. P. The abstracting of scientific papers

(editorial) 278

Another new year's resolution (editorial) 25

Dr. H. H. Field and the Concilium Bibliographicutn

('editorial) 182

Entomology at the convocation week meetings of

1920-21 (editorial) 55

The importance of collecting (editorial) 214

The influence of insects on human history (editorial) . . 90

The insects in the U. S. national museum (editorial) . . 313

A new entomological journal — and in Austria 184

Obituary : Louis ( 'ompton Miall 1()1

Review : Abstract of legislation dealing with plant

pests and diseases 320

321

322 INDEX

Review : Applied entomology 285

Review : Human parasitology 222

Review: Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard... 220

Review : Insects and human welfare 125

Review : Report of the proceedings of the third ento-
mological meeting, Pusa 221

Review: Report (18), state entomologist of Minnesota 254
Review : Report upon a collection of Coccidae from

lower California 158

That he who runs may read (editorial) 242

"This Means You" (editorial) • 152

Thomas Bellerby Wilson (editorial) 119

CAUDELL, A. N. On the destructive method of dismem-
bering types for preservation in Riker mounts 243

CHAMPLAIN, A. B. The curious mating habit of Mcga-

rhyssa airata 241

CHAMPLAIN, A. B., and J. N. KNULL. Notes on Coleop-

tera in Pennsylvania. New York and Connecticut. . . 270

COCKERELL, T. D. A. The bee-genus Ancylosccles 76

CRAIGIIEAD, E. M. Observations on certain Siphonaptera 303
CRAMPTON, G. C. A comparison of the terminal abdom-
inal structures of insects and Crustacea (ill.) 257

A phylogenetic study of the venation of the fore wings

of the Homoptera, Thysanoptera, Psocida, Zoraptera,

Neuroptera, Embiida, Plecoptera and Hadentomoida

—with notes on the Hymenoptera and Coleoptera

(ill.) 97, 135

Review : Insect Life 286

CRESSON, E. T., JR. Minutes: Entomological Section of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,

94, 223, 288

Review: Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America.... 62
CRESSON, E. T., JR., and J. A. G. REHN. Entomological
literature compiled by (see Entomological literature).
DAVIDSON. W. M. Observations on Psyllobora tacdata,

a coccinellid attacking mildews . 83

DAVIS, J. J. On the deposition of type material 314

/A7V-;.Y 323

DIETZ, W. G. Description of two new species of the

Angustipennis group of the dipterous genus Tipnla. . 299

EWING, H. E. A second Nearctic species of Protura,

Acerentnlus barbcri 239

EYRE, J. R. Rearing anthomyid root maggots on artificial

media 215

FELT, E. P. Three new sub-tropical gall midges 141

FERRIS, G. F. A new species in the Hormaphidinae (ill.) 289
Review: Monografia delle Cocciniglie Italiane 157

Fox, H. Two Orthoptera new to New Jersey, with com-
ments on their local habitats 264

FRISGN, T. H. New distribution records for North Amer-
ican Bremidae, with the description of a new species. . 144

FUNKHOUSER, W. D. Note on the genus Cryptonotus . . . 151

GREENE, G. M. Minutes: The American Entomological

Society 31

HABER, V. R., and \Y. R. MABEE. Cicadas make final

moult upon leaves of trees 121

HARROWER, D. E. Minutes: The American Entomologi-
cal Society 256

HEBARD, M. A note on Panamanian Blattidae, with the de-
scription of a new genus and two new species (ill. ) . 161

HEINRICH, C. New synonymy in a recent paper on the

European corn borer 57

HILL, C. A. A new noctuid from California 105

HOLLAND, W. T- The geographical distribution of the

machaon-group of the genus Papilla 207

HOUSER, T- S. Review : Coccidae 190

HOWARD, L. O. The entomological society of London

appeals for aid 183

i See Britton & Howard.)

HOWE, R. H. Synipctnttn atripcs. a good spe:ics (ill.) . . 80

HUGUENIN, J. C. Life history of Pyraincis caryac in

California 216

HUTCHISON, R. H. Entomology and the professional ideal 51
The .Mul ford biological exploration of the Ann/on
basin .245, 281.

324 INDEX

JOHANNSEN. O. A. The genus Diaincso 229

KERTESZ, K. An appeal from Hungary 140

KNULL, J. N. (See also Champlain & Knull).

LEUSSLER, R. A. Goneptery.v clorindc in Nebraska 281

Pamphila ottoc, and paumcc, with description of a new

form 206

LINDSEY, A. W. (See Barnes & Lindsey).
MABEE, W. B. (See Haber & Mabee).

MAC&LLIYRAY, A. D. New species of Cladiinae 48

MALLOCII, J. R. A key to the species of the genus Cocnosia 201

A nomenclatorial tangle in Anthomyiidae 120

Notes on some of van der Wulp's species of N. A.

Anthomyiidae 40

Some notes on Drosophilidae .' . . . 311

A synopsis of the genera of the anthomyiid subfamily

Coenosiinae 106

Two new species of the genus Cocnosia 134

MARES, A. A new species and a new variety of Cicindela 310

METCALF, Z. P. Homopterological gleanings 237

NEEDHAM, J. G. An important new work on American

caddisworms 159

A new study of the economic value of dragonflies 30

Review : Dragonflies and damselflies in relation to pond

fish culture 30

PARKS, T. H. Entomological workers in Ohio institutions 128

PINCHOT, G. Prevent forest fires — it pays 143, 185

RAMSDEN, C. T. A new Xylophones from Cuba 23

RANSOM, R. H. A supplementary note to the biography

of W. H. Patton ' 154

REHN, J. A. G. An appeal from Russian fellow-entomol-
ogists and a list of Russian entomologists recently

deceased 199

Depositories of type material (editorial) 180

Minutes : American Entomological Society 32

(See also Cresson & Rehn.)

ROBERTSON, C. Flower visits of Xylota clialybca 314

RomvER, S. A. Clialybion, not a synonym of Sceliphron 27

SHERMAN, F., and C. S. BRIMLEY. A state insect survey 232

/AW: A' 325

\

SKINNER, H. Atrytonc knmskaka 276

Note on the butterflies of the Chiricahua mountains,

Arizona 1 1 5

Moths collected at Hot Springs, Virginia 65

A new species of Mclitaca from Montana 89

Obituary : James S. Johnson 63

Review: Check list of the insects of Connecticut 127

Review: Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee ....93, 286
Review : The Hesperioidea of America north of Mexico 94

Review : Lepidoptera of the Congo 127

Two new species of Hesperidae 236

STONE, W. Butterflies of the Chiricahua mountains, Ari-
zona 112

STONER, D. An additional distributional record for Rha-

cognatluis aincricaniis 26

SWAIN, A. F. Miscellaneous studies in the family Aphi-

didae "...209, 225

DE LA ToRRE-BuENO, J. R. New records of aquatic
Hemiptera for the U. S., with description of new

species 273

UVAROV, B. I*. ( >n the species of the genus Basilcns (ill.) 308

Xews of another Russian entomologist 298

VIERECK, H. L. A new Pristomerine from California... 172

A new species of Habrubracon 174

WADE, J. S. Notes on ecology of injurious Tenebrionidae 1
\YEISS, H. B. A bibliography on fungous insects and

their hosts 4-"1

(iargara gcnistac. a European membracid in New Jersey 108
Notes on the larval and pupal stages of Xyloryctes saty-

nts (ill.) 193

Review: Some coil fumigation experiments with para-

dichlorobenzine for the control of the peach-tree borer 189
WILLIAMS, R. C. Minutes: The American Entomological

Society 62, 255

WILLIAMSON. E. B. Two days with Indiana ( klonata. ... 19
WOOD, W. C. A race of Papilla troll us from southern

Florida 208

WOOD, W. C. The value of the classics 1 53

WRIGHT, W. S. A new Pterophonts 6

326

INDEX

GENERAL SUBJECTS

Abdominal structures of in-
sects and Crustacea (ill.)... 257
Abstracting of scientific pa-
pers 278

Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. (See En-
tomological Section.)

Aid for publication 153

American Entomological So-
ciety 31, 62, 255

Burmeister's Genera insector-

um. Dates of 237

Classics, Value of 153

Collecting, Importance of ... 214
Concilium Bibliographicum . . 182
Convocation week meetings.. 55
Duponchd's review of Essai

s. 1. Fulgorelles, Date of 238

Entomological literature,
28, 58, 91, 121, 155, 185, 217,
247, 282, 317.

Entomological Section. 94, 223, 288
Entomology and the profes-
sional ideal 51

Flowers visited by insects.... 314

Forest fires, Prevent 143, 185

Fungous insects 45, 83

Fungous insects and their

hosts, Bibliography of .... 45
Hill Museum at Witley, Eng-
land, Recent additions to . . 56
Honorary degrees conferred. . 244
Human history, Influence of

insects on 90

Hungary, Appeal from 140

John Macoum memorial fund 184
London, Entomological society

appeals for aid 183

Metric system, Demand the.. 50
McPherson scientific expedi-
tion 279

Mildew, Coccinellid attacking 83
Mul ford biological explora-
tion 245, 281, 316

A new entomological publica-
tion 184, 279

New year's resolution 25

Notulae Entomologicae 279

Ohio institutions, Workers in 128
Paradichloroben/cine for

peach-tree borers 189

Parasites of insects,

172, 174, 241, 256
Plants attacked by insects,
8, 49, 108, 112, 215, 216, 223,
224, 225, 264, 270.
Plants visited by insects,

170, 281, 314

Rare pamphlet, Notes on a.. 26
Russian entomologists deceas-
ed 199

Russian entomologist, News

of 298

Soil fumigation with para-

dichlorobenzine 189

Survey, State insect 232

That he who runs may read.. 242
Thread worm transmitted by

insects 280

Transmission of the thread

worm by insects 280

Types, Depositories of ..180, 314
Types, Preservation in riker

mounts 243

United States national muse-
um, Insects in 313

Venation, Phylogenetic study

of wing (ill.) 97

Zeitschrift fur systematische
insektenkunde 1 84

OBITUARY NOTICES.

Adams, F. C 64

Adelung, N. v 200

Alferaki, S. N 200

Beccari, 0 160

Bianki, V. L 200

Carter, J. W 192

Cholodkovsky, N. A. . 200

/AW'.Y

327

Corbett, H. H 192

Fernald, C. H 129

Field, H. H 182

Hawkshaw, J. C 192

Hewlett, F. M 64

Hudd, A. E 64

Johnson, J. S 63

Karavajev, V. A 200

Krulikovsky, A 200

Kurdjumov, N. V 200

Miall, L. C 191

Miyake, T 160

Oshanin, V. T 200

Patton, W. H. (ill.) 33, 154

Pylnov, E. V 200

Rodzjanko, V. N 200

Romanoff, N. M 200

Schreiner, J. T 200

Shevyrev, 1 200

Silantjeff, A. A 200

S'mirnov, D. A 200

Sopotsko, A. A 200

Stcherbakov, Th 200

Vassiljev, E. M 200

West, W 64

Wilson, T. B 119

Zarudny, N. A 200

PERSONALS.

Bartenev, A. N 298

Earth, G. P 243

Blatchley, W. S 244

Garnett, R. T 243

Haimbach, F 279

Kohl, C. F. F 153

Metcalf, C. L 243

Newcomb, W. W. 47

Schaus, W 244

Van Dux.ee, E. P 153

Williamson, J. H 152, 184

REVIEWS.
Britton: Check List of the

Insects of Connecticut 127

Brues : Insects and Human

Welfare . 125

Kaland : Insect Life 286

Fernald : Applied Entomology 285
Ferris : Coccidae from Lower

California 158

Fletcher : Report of Proceed-
ings of Third Meeting at

Pusa 221

Holland : Lepidoptera of the

Congo 127

Leng: Catalogue of the Cole-

optera of America 62, 126

Leonardi : Monografia della

Cocciniglie Italiane 157

Lindsey's Hesperioidea of

America, north of Mexico. 94
Lloyd : Biology of Caddis-fly

Larvae 159

MacGillivray : The Coccidae.. 190
Oberthur : Etudes de Lepid-
opterologie Comparee,

93, 253, 286
Peterson : Soil Fumigation

with Paradichlorobenzine. .. 189
Ralfs : Abstract of Legislation
Dealing with Plant Pests

and Diseases 320

Rivas : Human Parasitology. . 222
Ruggles : Report (18), En-
tomologist of Minnesota. . . . 254
Sanderson & Peairs : Insect

Pests of Farm 220

Wilson: Dragonflies and Fish
Culture 30

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBU-
TION.
Arizona: Hym., 144. Lep., 80, 112,

296.
California: Hem., 291. Hym., 172,

174. Lep., 7, 10, 105, 216. Orth.,

149.

Colorado: Dipt, 301. Hem., 274.
Florida: Dipt, 107, 142. Hem..

274. Lep.. 208, 224.
Illinois: Col., 193, 310. Dipt, 311.

Hym., 144.

328

INDEX

Indiana: Col., 310. Odon., 19. Cylindropturus (see binota-

lowa: Hym., 144. Lep., 206. tus).

Kansas: Col., 6. Hem., 273. Dorytomus (see indifferent.

Maine: Hym., 48. subsimilis).

Maryland: Protura, 239. C onotrachelus 272

Massachusetts: Odon., 80. ; * '

Michigan: Hym, 49, 144. f°"'*> Crypt or hynchus

Minnesota : Hem., 26. hoosien*, Cicindcla 31

Montana: Dipt, 134. Hormorus (see undulatus).

Nebraska: Lep., 207, 281. illinoensis*, Cicindcla 310

New Hampshire: Odon., 81. inconspicua, Magdalis 272

New Jersey: Hem., 108. Orth., indifferens, Dorytomus 271

VT264\ interstitialis, Boris 272

New Mexico: rlem, oo. _ . . 070

New York : Dipt., 299. Hym., 48. fakndis, C onotrachelus 272

North Carolina: Dipt., 170. Hym., Leiopus (see alpha).

144. Lep., 17. Magdalis (see inconspicua,

Ohio: Hem'., 274. Lep., 9. perforata).

Oklahoma : Hem., 274. mcles, Phytonomus 271

Oregon: Hym., 146. myrmex, Otidocephalus 271

Pennsylvania: Col, 270. Dipt, Qryctes 196

32. Hem, 224. Hym, 241. Lep, Q{ldocep^ (see' mvrm^).' .

Texas: Dipt, 41. Hem, 274. Perforata, Magdalis .

Utah: Hem, 274. Hym, 146. Phytonomus (see mclcs).

Lep., 297. Psyllobora tacdata, Observa-

Virginia : Dipt, 32. Lep, 65. tions on 83

Protura, 239. repanda hoosicri, Cicindcla... 310

Wisconsin : Hym, 145. Odon, 82. satynis Xyloryctes 193

Wyoming : Odon 82. S c a r a b a e i d a e, Notes on

Lep 256 ' Xyloryctes sp 193

Central America: Dipt, 42, 115, scohpacea, Boris .

175. Hem, 274. Orth, 161. subsimilis, Dorytonnis 271

West Indies : Lep, 23. tacdata, Psyllobora 83

South America: Dipt, 72, 141, Tenebrionidae, Ecology of 1

292. Hem, 151. Lep, 236. undiilatus. Honnonts 270

Orth, 309 Xylorycics satvrus. Larval and

Galapagos Islands: Orth, 6Z. , ... , 1fl7

Africa: Col, 233. PuPal stages (llU

East Indies : Lep, 31. Xylotrypes

COLEOPTERA DIPTERA

alpha, Leiopiis 271 AND SIPHONAPTERA

Boris (see interstitialis, sco-

lopacea}. adunca*. Gononiyta -'

binotatus, Cylindropturus .... 272 albibasis. Cocnosia

Cicindcla (see hoosicri, illi- Alexomyia*

noensis, rcpanda). aliena*, Cocnosia ...

C onotrachelus (see elegans, alticola, Cocnosia 205

juylandis). .-Inastrcpha (see striuta).

Cryptorhynchus (seefallax). angustipennis, Tipula 299

INDEX

annuliconris*, Epiphragma ... 176
antennalis, Coenosia ......... 201

anthracina* , Coenosia ...134, 205
Anthomyia (see dorsomacu-

lata).
Anthomyiid su!,- family Coeno-

siinae .................... 106

Anthomyiidae, Genus Coenosia 201
Anthomyiidae, Xomenclatorial

tangle in .................. 120

Anthomyiidae, Van der Wulp's

N. A. species ............. 40

Anthrax (see celer, ceryx,

halcyon ) .
argcntata, Coenosia ......... 203

argenticeps, Coenosia ........ 202

argenticolor, Coenosia ....... 205

argentinicola*, Orolimnophila. 178
atcrrima, Pogonomyia ...... 42

balioptera, Tipula ........... 300

basalts*, Rhabdomastix ...... 293

beaulieui*, Tipula ........... 301

Bombyliidae of North Caro-

lina ...................... 170

Brachypremna (see subsimi-
~

calif orniensis, Hoplogastcr . . 205
canadensis, Tipula ........... 300

canis, Ctenocephalus ........ 303

Carolina, Tipula ............. 300

catamarcensis*, Molophilus. . . 292
cclcr. Anthrax .............. 170

centralis, Tipula ............ 300

Ceratopliyllus (see fasciatus).
ccry.v. Anthrax ............. 170

chalybea, Xylota ............ 314

Charade Ha (see macrosoma).
Chironomidae, Genus Diamesa 229
ciliata*, Alcxomyia ......... 141

cilicauda, Coenosia ......... 205

Clinopera (see hieroglyphica) .

Coenosia (see albibasis, aliena,

alticola, antennalis, anthra-

cina, argentata, argcnticeps,

argenticolor, cilicauda, c<nn-

pressa, denticornis, dicliacta,
dorso-uittata, errans, femo-
ralis, flai'icoxa, flarifrons,
fratcrna, frisoni, fuscifrons,
hypopyr/ialis, impunctata,
johnsoni, laricata, Uita,
lonijispinosa, macroccra, >n<>-
dcsta, nigricoxa, nii'ca, nudi-
scta, oregonensis, oi-ata,
pallipcs, pilosissinia, punctu-
lata, rufitibia, sctigcra.
steinii, tibialis).
Coenosiinae, Synopsis of the. 106

coleoptraia, Stegana 311

collaris, Hydrophoria 45

compressa, Coenosia 202

conciniui. Mydaca 42

copiosa, Spilogaster 43

corvina, Leucmnclina 43

Crane-flies from Argentina,

72, 175, 292

Crane-Flies of New York.... 243
Ctenocephalus (see canis,
felis).

dcleta, Lcitcoinclina 43

denticornis, Coenosia 204

dicluicta, Coenosia 202

Diaincsa, The genus 229

dorsoniaculata, Anthomyia ... 44

dorsovittata, Coenosia 203

Drosophila (see quadrata).

Drosophilidae, Notes on 311

Epiphragma (see annulicornis) .

errans*, Coenosia 204

fasciatus, Ceratopliyllus 303

fclis, Ctenocephalus 303

feinonilis, Coenosia 44

fla\ ico.v.i. Cocnosia 203

flavifrons, Coenosia 2()J

f!a:;nei<is, r,i<iunoinyia 12(1

flu: ipalpis, Hydrophoria 44

flai'ipennis, Pogonomyia 120

floridensis*, Pliytoplun/a 143

fratcrna. ( 'oenosia 205

frisoni. Cucnosia 202

332

INDEX

pinihabitans, Dilachnus 227

Ptcrochlorus (see cistatus,

longipcs, roboris, vhninalis).
Ranatra (see kirkaldyi).
Rhacognathus (see ameri-

camis).
Rhagovelia (see distincta).

roboris, Ptcrochlorus 211

quercus, Stomaphis 210

Schizolachnus (see tomento-

sus) .
Stomaphis (see quercus).

taeniatus, Dilachnus 228

Tenaoogonus (see Germ).
tomentosus, Schizolachnus . . . 212
Trepobatopsis (see trux).

trux*, Trcpobatopsis 274

viminalis, Ptcrochlorus 211

HYMENOPTERA

affinis, Bremus 145

ambiguus, Bremus 146

Ancyloscelis (see Ancylos-
celes).

Ancylosceles 76

appositus, Bremus 145

ashtoni, Psithyrus 147

atrata, Ategarhyssa 241, 291

borcalis, Bremus 145

Braconidae, New 174

Bremidae, New records and

descriptions 144

Bremus (see affinis, ambiguus,
appositus, borcalis, califor-
nicus, fcnialdi, fervidus,
fraternus, laboriosus, frank-
lini, mixtus, nevadensis,
nigroscutatus, occidentalis,
pennsylranicus, ternarius,
tcrricola, vagans, vosncscn-
skii).

calif ornicus, Bremus 146

Ckalybion and Sccliphrnn . . . . 27

Cladiinae, New 48

crawfnrdi, Psithyrus 146

Diadasia (see riparia).

dii'ersicolor*, Habrobracon . . 174

fernaldi, Bremus 145

fervidus, Bremus 146

flavifrons, Bremus 146

franklini*, Bretnus 147

fraternus, Bremus 146

Habrobracon (see divcrsi-

color).

Ichneumonidae, New 172

laboriosus, Bremus 146

Mating of Megarhyssa atrata,

241, 291
Megarhyssa (see atrata).

mixtus, Bremus 146

modcstius*, Priophorus 49

moratus*, Priophorus 50

munditus*, Priophorus 50

Neopristomerus (see wood-

n'orthi).

ttcradcnsis, Bremus 146

nigroscutatus, Bremus occi-
dentalis 144

occidentalis, Bremus 144

pacatus*, Trichiocampus .... 48

paetulus*, Trichiocampus .... 48

palliolatus*, Trichiocampus . . 49

patchiac*, Trichiocampus .... 48

pennsylranicus, Bremus 146

Priophorus (see modcstius,

moratus, munditus).

Pristomerinae, New 172

Psithyrus (see ashtoni, craw-

fordi, variabilis).

Ptilothrix 77

riparia, Diadasia 77

Sccliphron and Clwlybion ... 27

ternarius, Bremus 145

tcrricola, Bremus 144

Trichiocampus (see paetulus,

pacatus, palliolatus, patch-

irtf ) .

tricolor, Psithyrus 147

turmalis. Ancylosceles 77

ursinus, Ancylosceles 77

INDEX

333

ragans, Bretnus 146

I'ariabilis , Psithyrus 146

vosnesenskii, Bremus ........ 145

woodworthi*, .Veopristomerus 172

LEPIDOPTERA

Abraxas (see grossulariata).

aesella, Heliozela 13

agrifolia*, Tclphusa 9

angustifascia, Ljmenitis weidc-

incyeri 115

Arachnis (see midas).

Arctiidae, Notes on 295

Argyresthia (see undulatella) .
Aristotelia (see robusta).

Atrytonc kumskaka 276

badia*, Brachmia 12

bi forts*, Coleophora 18

borea*, Coleophora 15

Brachmia (see hystricella,

badia).

caffreii, Pyrausta 57

caryac, Pyramcis 216

ceanothiella*, Rccurvaria .... 10

Cisthcne 297

clarki*, Xylophones 23

Classification of the microlepi-

doptera 1 16

clorindc, Gonepteryx 281

coachella*, Litoprosopus 105

coenosipennella, Coleophora . . 14
Coleophora (see biforis, borca,

coenosipennella, duplicis).

conspicua, Roeselia 296

Ctenucha (see modulata).

c.yneas, Melitaca 115

damaris, Terias 115

duplicis*, Coleophora 16

elegans, Pyyarctia 298

Ethmia, (see longimaculella).
European corn-borer, Synon-
ymy of 57

t'.i-itiosn, Sanninoidca 189

faustlnula, Cisthcne 297

fieldi*, Pterophorus 6

flarofasciata*, Pseudosarbia. . 236

funwsa, Hesperia 79

glacialis*, Melitaea 89

Gnamptonychia (see ven-

tralis).

Gonepteryx clorinde in Ne-
braska 281

grossulariata, Abraxas 169

Hdiozcla (see aesella)
Hesperia (see funwsa, mac-

dunnoughi, montivayus, occi-

dentalis, syrichtus, tessel-

lata, xanthus).

Hesperidae, New 236

hystricella*, Brachmia 11

kttinskaka, Atrytonc 276

Life History of Pyrameis

caryae 216

Litnenitis (see angustifascia).
Litoprosopus (see coachella).

longimaculella, Ethmia 12

macdunnoughi, Hesperia .... 80

machaon, Papilio 207

Melitaea (see cyncas, glacialis,

theona).

Melitaea from Montana 89

midas*, Arachnis . . 297

modulata, Ctenucha 296

montivagus, Hesperia 78

Moths collected at Hot

Springs, Virginia 65

Ncophasia (see terlooti).

Noctuidae, New 105

obumbratalis, Pyrausta 57

occidentalis, Hesperia 79

ogallala*, Pamphila 206

ottoe, Pamphila 206

Pamphila (see ogallala] ottoc,

paivnee).
Papilio (sec machaon, radia-

tus, troilus).

pa~i.'iiee. Pamphila 206

Peach-tree borer (see Sanni-

miidea exitiosa).
I'seudasarbia (see fla-i'i'f

ata).
I'terophiinis (see fieldi).

334

INDEX

Pygarctia (see elegans).
Pyramcis caryae, Life History 216
Pyrausta (see caffren, obum-

bratalis).
Pyrrkopyge (see sanyaris).

radiatus, Papilio 208

Recurvaria (see ceanothiella).

robusta*, Aristotelia 8

Roeselia (see conspicua, raria).

sangaris*. Pyrrhopyge 236

Sanninoidea (see exitiosa).

Sphingidae, New 23

syrichtus, Hcsperia 79

Tclphusa (see agri folia).
Tcrias (see damaris).

terlooti, Neophasia 115

tessellata, Hcsperia 79

thcona, Melitaea 115

troilus, Papilio 208

undulatella, Argyreslhia 14

raria*, Roeselia 295

ventralis*, Gnainptonychia . . . 297

xanthus, Hcsperia 80

Xylophanes from Cuba 23

ODONATA

atripcs, Sympetrum (ill.) ... 80

Dragonflies and fish culture.. 30

Economic value of dragonflies 30

Indiana Odonata 19

Sympetrum atrip es a good

species 80

ORTHOPTERA

Acrididae, New 149

Anaplccta (see cabimae).

angiistafa, Euphyllodromia . . . 167

ottcnuatus, Conoccphalus .... 265

acteca, flpilampra 167

Basileus, Species of 308

Blattidae, New Panamanian.. 161

cabimac, Anaplecta 162

Ceratinoptera (see picta).
Chorisoneura (see gatunae,

specilliger),

Compsodes (see delicatulus) .
Conocephalus (seeattenuatus).
Copiphorinae, Genus Basileus 308

cubensis, Panchlora 167

delieatulus, Compsodes 167

diadematus, Basileus (ill.)... 308
Epilampra (see azteca).

Buhypnorna* 163

Hnhypnorna (see grata}.
Euphyllodromia (see angus-
tata).

fraterna, Ncoblattella 163

fttlgida, Lissoblatta 162

gatunae*, Chorisoneura (ill.). 167
grata*, Enhypnorna (ill.) .... 165

Habitats of Orthoptera 264

inornata, Latiblattella 163

Ischnoptera (see rufa).
Latiblattella (see inornata).
Lissoblatta (see fulgida).
Neoblattella (see fraterna).
Orchclimmn (see volantunt).
Panchlora (see cubensis).
phoraspoides, Phortiocca .... 167
Phortioeca (see phoras-
poides).

picta, Ceratinoptera 163

rcpanda, Basilcus (ill.) 308

rufa, Ischnoptera rufa 163

specilliger, Chorisoneura 169

volantum. Orchelimum 265

PROTURA

Acerentulus (see barbcri).

barberi*, Acerentulus 240

Protura, New Nearctic 239

KXCHANQES

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These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
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Cynipidae, galls or the bred makers, desired, to determine or for
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Coleoptera — Common species of this region offered in exchange
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Wanted — I would like offers on surplus Lepidoptera of any pretty
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I will collect insects of all orders in this vicinity for collectors and
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Advertiser will collect insects for museums and experienced col-
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Coleoptera. For exchange: Saperda populnea. Wanted: Other
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Tropical Butterflies will be given in exchange for Terias nicippe,
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I will collect material in any order, region Isthmus of Tehuan-
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Wanted. — Diabrotica longicornis Say. from all parts of its range;
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Wanted. — Elateridae from the Southern and Western States ; Adelo-
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DIPTERA

798. — Alexander (C. P.). — New or little known crane flies from

Japan (Tipulidae). (Trans., 46, 1-26, 1920) 40

799. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.). — A revision of the Nearctic Scio-

myzidae (Acalyptratae). (Trans., 46, 27-89, 3 pis., 1920) 1.00

802. — Malloch (J. R.). — Descriptions of new North American

Anthomyiidae. (Trans., 46, 133-196, 3 pis., 1920) 1.10

A-3. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.)- — Dipterological notes and descrip-
tions. (Proc. A. N. S. P., 1919, 171-194) 40

HEMIPTERA

806. — McAtee (W. L.). — Key to the Nearctic species and vari-
eties of Erythroneura (Euplerygidae). (Trans., 46,
267-322, 1 pi., 1920) 90

809. — Parshley (H. M.). — Essay on the American species of

Aradus. (Trans., 47, 1-106, 7 pis., 1921) 2.30

HYMENOPTERA

801. — Bradley (J. C.). — Descriptions, records and notes on

N. American Nyssonidae. (Trans., 46, 113-32, 1920).. .35

ODONATA

807. — Calvert (P. P.). — The Costa Rican species of Epigomphus
and their mutual mating adaptations. (Trans., 46,
323-354, 3 pis., 1920) <>0

ORTHOPTERA

810.— Hebard (M.). — Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of
Colombia. Paper 2. Dermaptera and orthopterous families,
Blattidae, Mantidae and Phasmidae. (Tr., 47, 107-169, 3
pis., 1921) 1.30

A-4. — Hebard (M.). — Studies in Malayan, Papuan, and Aus-
tralian Mantidae. (Proc. A. N S. P., 1920, 14-82, 2 p's.) l.io

808. — Hebard (M.). — New genera and species of Melanopli
found within the U. S. III. (Trans., 46, 355-403, 3
pis, 1920) 75

A Year of Costa Rican Natural History

By AMELIA SMITH CALVERT
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