ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS L AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ' "*; ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA VOLUME XXXV, 1924 PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH.D., Editor E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus ADVISORY COMMITTEE : EZRA T. CRESSON J. A. G. REHN PHILIP LAURENT H. W. WENZEI. PHILADELPHIA, PA.: LOGAN SQUARE 1924 The several numbers of the NEWS for 1924 were mailed at the Post Office at Philadelphia, Pa., as follows: No. 1 — January January 7, 1924 " 2— February February 7 '• 3— March March 3 " 4— April April 2 " 5— May May 8 " 6 — June June 4 " 7— July July3 " 8— October October 6 " 9 — November Novembers .The date of mailing the December, 1924, number will be announced oil the last page of the issue for January, 1925. JANUARY, 1924 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXXV No. 1 GEORGE HENRY 1840-1897 PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. 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XXXV JANUARY, 1924 No. 1 CONTENTS Campbell — Notes on Injurious South- western Tenebrionidae (Col.) I Baines and Benjamin — On the Synon- ymy of Polia nimbosa Guenee ( Phalaenidae=Noctuidae, Lepld. ). 7 Brimley — Three Supposed New Species of Ceraturgus (Diptera, Asilidae) from North Carolina 8 Barnes and Benjamin — New Species and Forms of Lepidoptera ( Hetero- cera) 12 Needham — Entomological Uses for Yucca Stems 19 Editorial — Loan of Types 22 Coolidge — Agraulis vanillae Linn, on the Pacific Coast ( Lepid.; Nympha- lidae) 22 Entomological Literature 23 Cockerell— Re v i ew of Handlirsch's Fossil Insects 28 Kinsey— Review of MacGillivray's Ex- ternal Insect Anatomy 31 Doings of S o c i e t i e s — Entomological Section, Academy of Natural Scien- ces of Philadelphia (Myriopods, Lepidoptera, Diplera, Hymenop- tera, Orthoptera ) 33 Obituary— Philip Nell 35 Edgar Leek Dickerson 35 Notes on Injurious Southwestern Tenebrionidae (Col.). By ROY E. CAMPBELL, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Alhambra, California. Several species of small tenebrionid beetles at various times have been observed causing damage to young plants in Cali- fornia. Every year complaints come from new and widely- separated localities, indicating either that the insects are be- coming more injurious, or that the continued increase of culti- vated crops has removed the native plants on which the beetles fed, compelling them to seek food on the crops. The damage is invariably caused by the adults feeding on the stems of young seedlings, such as peppers and lima beans as they are coming out of the ground, or by girdling the stems of tomatoes and peppers after they are transplanted. 1 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 Most of the species found belong to the genus Blapstinus, but the genera Coniontis and Ulit-s are also represented. Wade1 has observed in the semi-arid regions of the Middle West and West, where the larvae of several genera of Tene- brionidae, among them Blapstinns, are destructive to young wheat and other grains, that the insects occur most abundantly in sandy and sandy loam soil. In California, one species, Ulns crassns Lee2 was found exclusively in such locations, usually near the edge of hills, or washes which had in time past been overflowed. Blapstinus rufipcs Csy. and B. dilatatus Lee. have been taken both in sandy loam soil, and also in heavy, cloddy soils, while Blapstinns coronadensis Blaisd. and the species of Coniontis have been observed only in heavy soils. In commenting on the work of B. dilatatus and B. corona-- dcnsis on transplanted pepper plants, Dr. F. E. Blaisdell says: "I believe that cloddy ground is favorable to the breeding and hiding of these small tenebrionids. In Contra Costa County, near San Francisco Bay, I have noticed the same thing — -there it is B. elongatus Csy. that does the mischief." W. B. Parker observed Blapstinus sp. at Perkins and Hamil- ton City in 1912 damaging young sugar beets. The plants were injured at the surface of the soil, and while they were not cut off, were chewed until many died. In 1913 Vaile3 reported that 100 acres of lima beans were severely damaged by Coniontis snbpnbcsccns Lee.4 near Ven- tura. The beetles fed on the young plants just after they came up. He also said that Blapstinns sp. had been reported in previous years, but had not done as much damage as Coniontis. Poisoned baits, as applied for cutworms, killed many of the beetles, according to his observations, and such control was Wade, J. S. Notes on Ecology of Injurious Tenebrionidae, Ent. News, Vol. 32, No. 1, 1921. The writer is indebted to Dr. F. E. Blaisdell for identification of most of the species mentioned herein. 1 Vaile, R. S. A tenebrionid beetle Injuring Beans, Monthly Bull. Cal. State Com. Hort. Vol. 11, page 591, 1913. Specimens collected by Graf near Ventura at this time were later identified by Dr. Blaisdell as Coniontis mnscula, and this probably is the species to which Vaile refers. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\YS recommended. C. subpubescens was collected by J. E. Graf in sugar beet fields near Compton in 1915. In 1918 Coniontis iiiuscitla Blaisd. was taken by H. J. Ryan at Santa Paula, Ven- tura County, where it was damaging- young beans. About the same time Coniontis globiilina Blaisd. was observed by the writer in a 50-acre tomato field along the coast near Oxnard. The beetles fed mostly on the stems, and to some extent on the foliage. More than half of the plants were killed, necessi- tating replanting. Feeding was also observed on young beets and lima beans. During the years 1915 to 1919, C. F. Stahl observed B. rnfipcs in sugar beet fields of San Jose. Large numbers of beetles fed on young beets just after they came up, and often destroyed fields of ten acres or more. The growers, reported successful control by the use of poisoned bait. In Orange County about 3,000 acres of peppers are raised annually. The various fields are mostly in a well-settled sec- tion, surrounded by citrus and walnut orchards, and have been cultivated for a number of years. The soil is a light sandy •loam. In 1918 B. rufipcs and B. ditatatus were numerous in many of these pepper fields. The beetles fed on tiny plants and cut them off as they were coming out of. the ground. Dam- age continued until the remaining plants were 3 or 4 inches high. All feeding was done on the stems at the surface. An average of 20 per cent of the plants in the districts was des- troyed and several fields required replanting. The beetles had been observed by growers for several previous seasons, but to a much less extent. In the same year B. nifipcs fed extensively on young sugar beets in several fields in Ventura County. One 60-acre field was so badly damaged that it was plowed up. In 1919 and other years recently, the same species is reported to have caused considerable damage to young .tomato plants in the San Francisco Bay region, where in many of these fields considerable replanting was required. In 1921, B. coronadensis and B. dilatatits were very numerous in several fields of bell peppers in Orange County. These also fed on the stems of the plants after the latter had been transplanted into the field, and 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 in many cases completely girdled the stem. In the worst in- fested part of the field, as high as 25 per cent of the plants were finally killed, but the field in general suffered less than 5 per cent. The pepper field in which the heetles were most numerous was at the mouth of a small valley, and had been farmed to irrigated crops for five years. Adjoining this field was a young lemon orchard which had been kept in clean culture during the summers, and in vegetables during the winters. Between the two fields was a dirt farm road which had not been previously plowed for several years. By far the greatest damage, as well as the most beetles, was in the rows near this old road. The soil was a heavy clay loam. A similar, but less severe infestation was in another field about a half mile distant at the top of a hill 100 feet higher. Recently reports have been received from San Bernardino County that young potatoes near Colton had been injured by B. coronadcnsis. Over 600 acres were injured, and several fields entirely destroyed. In May, 1922, 90 per cent of the plants in a 7-acre field of tomatoes near Covina (Los Angeles. County) were destroyed by this species inside of two days after planting. In 1918, DeOng5 reported a series of Blapstinus causing seri- ous damage of a similar sort to young castor beans in southern California. In 1919, Vorhiesr> reported that a small beetle, provisionally classified as Blapstinus [>hnalis Csy., destroyed cotton plants on the Mesa Experiment Farm, Arizona, by feeding just below the surface of the soil on the seedlings as they emerged from the ground. The plot was so badly damaged as to require replanting. It had been fertilized with cottonseed meal, and as the beetles fed so readily on crushed cotton seeds and lint, it appeared probable that they had been attracted to the field by the cottonseed meal. Irrigation of the affected area was r' DeOng, E. R., Jr. Kcon. Rnt. Vol. II, p. 480, 1918. 1 Vorhies, C. T., 3()th Annual Kept. Arizona Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 347, 1919. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS effective in preventing damage to the replanting, and was sug- gested as a. proper control measure. In tests conducted by the writer, many Blapstinus after being submerged in water for periods up to 18 hours, were still alive and recovered on being removed from the water. Ulns crassus Lee. was first observed in 1918 associated with and more abundant than the Bluest in its species which were feed- ing on the young peppers as they sprouted. They occurred in Ventura County, feeding on the lima beans as the latter ap- peared above ground. Also they exhibited similar habits on young melon plants grown on sandy soil near Los Angeles. On the melons, however, they fed on the stems of the plants, leaf stems, and to some extent on the foliage. In March, 1922, Mote7 reported that practically all the tomato plants were girdled near the soil line in the Salt River Valley of Arizona. When the plant which the beetles girdle falls, they collect in the shade and feed on the remainder. The insects had not been observed in this district before, but were abundant the previous July in another district, where they attacked small seedling melon and pepper plants. The feeding habits of these beetles are quite similar. They congregate in the soil about the plants, feeding mostly on the stems at the top of the ground, but to some extent, with Ulus and Coniontis, feeding on the leaves and leaf stems. The amount eaten by an individual beetle is small, but often such numbers feed on a single stem that it is either completely girdled or cut off. Often there will be a regular ringlif beetles around one stem, and occasionally rings of several layers of beetles have been observed. As many as 26 Ulns were observed feed- ing on a single lima bean stem. Seventy-five Blapstinus, many of which were feeding, were counted in the soil immediately around the stem of a bell pepper plant. On the bell peppers, feeding appeared to be slow, and many times the wound would heal over; but often the girdled place was too large. Feeding is mostly confined to the tender seedling plants, just as they come out of the ground ; or to the tender stems of newly 7 Mote, Don C. Insect Post Survey Hulk-tin. U. S. D. A., Vol. _'. No. 2, May, 1922. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 set-out plants. After a week or more, when the stems begin to get tougher and harder, damage to the stems becomes less. Whether the insects breed in the fields where damage by the adults occurs is not known. From the fact that large numbers of beetles are found in the fields, feeding on seedling plants and in a few days, or a week's time, the number is often much lessened, the possibility of migration is suggested. It has been observed that neglected fields or those in which straw, trash or other debris have accumulated are much more subject to infestation than fields on which clean culture has been practiced. CONTROL MEASURES An early experiment with poisoned bran bait scattered along the rows in a field of peppers infested with Blapstinus nifipcs, B. dilatatus and Ulus crassiis was not effective. The weather was dry and the mash quickly became hard, in which condition it did not appear to be attractive to the beetles. During the present season, however, in a squash field infested by B. coro- nadensis, a handful or two of mash placed about each hill in- fested with from 30 to 75 beetles, killed between 70 to 90 per cent, of them. This mash apparently retained its attractiveness for at least a week. Poisoned bran mash has also been reported by Vaile to have been used successfully in Ventura County and by Stahl in Santa Clara County. Laboratory tests with Coniontis globitlina using tomato foli- age sprayed with lead arsenate and Paris green killed the beetles in from one to five days, depending on the strength used. The beetles feed fairly freely on the poisoned foliage. In the San Francisco Bay region, many tomato growers who have suffered damage in previous years, now make it a prac- tice to wrap the stems of the plants just before they are set out. They use a soft paper, such as newspaper or tissue paper, cut in rectangles about 4 by 6 inches and wrap one tightly about the stem of each plant, from the cluster of roots to the lowest leaf. Planted thus, the stem is protected, and the growth is not hindered. In this district the poisoned bran mash has been used with success. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 A number of experiments in fields of bell peppers from 6 to 8 inches high showed that if any fine dusty material, such as lime, tobacco dust or kaolin, is placed so as to entirely cover the ground immediately around the stems of the plants, feeding practically ceased. This work was done in fields of heavy soil, where the fine dust was able to penetrate the soil around the stem for a fourth- to a half -inch or more. The lime was applied with a bellows duster. By using a wide-open feed and holding the discharge pipe close to the stem, it was possible to cover the ground completely on one side of the stem with a single puff of the bellows. By pro- ceeding up a row, giving a puff to each plant, and then com- ing back along the same row, the circle of dust around the stem could be completed. On the Synonymy of Polia nimbosa Guenee (Phalaenidae =Noctuidae, Lepid.). By WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur, Illinois. Polia nimbosa Guenee. 1852, Gn., Sp. Gen., VI. Noct., II, 77, Aplecta. 1857, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., XI, 555, Enrols. 1873. Grt., Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., I. 102, Mamcstra. 1875, Speyer, Stett. Ent. Zeit, XXXVI, 142, Mamcstra. 1891, Sm., Proc. U. S. N. M., XIV, 204, pi. VIII, f. 3 valve $ genitalia, Mamcstra. 1893, Sm., Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 114, Mamcstra. 1905, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 115, pi. LXXXI, f. 14, Polia. race mystica Smith. 1898, Sm., Ent. News, IX, 242, Mamcstra. 1905, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 115, pi. LXXXI, f. 15, Polia. Examination of the male genitalia shows nimbosa and mystica to apparently represent a single species. In Manitoba and Alberta this species has the primaries more heavily powdered with brownish and brownish-fuscous than typical eastern nim- bosa. To this race Dr. Smith applied the name mystica. Speci- mens from the mainland of British Columbia show a tendency to become paler ; thus approaching eastern nimbosa. race mysticoides nov. Vancouver Island produces very pale specimens with the 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 primaries only slightly powdered with fuscous ; appearing whitish. There is also a tendence for the t. a. and t. p. lines to become obsolescent below the median vein ; whereas in typical nimbosa and race mystica the lines are usually well marked. The genitalia appear the same as those of nimbosa and mystica. Type locality: Duncans, Vancouver Island, B. C., (Hanham). Number and sc.ves of types: Holotype $, 9-VII-14; Allo- type 9,3-VII-12;2 $ Paratypes, 13- VII-12, 23-VII-10; 8 9 Paratypes, various July dates ; 1 9 Paratype, no date. Types in: Barnes Collection; 1 9 Paratype 15-VII-14, Can- adian National Collection; 1 9 Paratype 20-V1I-10, E. H. Blackmore Collection. Three Supposed New Species of Ceraturgus (Diptera, Asilidae) from North Carolina. By C. S. BRIMLEY, Division of Entomology, N. C. Dept. of Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina. In overhauling our species of this genus I find that we have three apparently new species in our collections ; the descriptions follow. Ceraturgus elizabethae n. sp. Resembles crucial ns but is a little larger with the abdomen proportionately longer and more slender, and the antennae also longer. Differs from all our other species in having only one complete light pollinose cross-band on the abdomen. $ . Black, face and cheeks golden yellow, pollinose, with a narrow black stripe down the center of the former, which is clothed with rather scant, long, black hairs, mystax black. Front and vertex black shining, the sides golden yellow, pollinose, as are also the posterior orbits. Antennae 6 mm. long, black, the fifth joint clothed with short dense black pile, the first joint longer than the second, the third more than twice as long as the first two together, the fourth very short, the fifth about as long as the third. Thorax black with golden yellow, pollinose markings as follows : an elongate spot on the humeri, a similar spot extending from just in front of the transverse suture to some distance be- hind it, two dots on the suture near the middle, an elongate spot below the humeri, a dot above the base of each haltere, and XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9 another above the hind coxae. Scutellum golden yellow, polli- nose in the middle. Wings smoky black, becoming hyaline towards the apex and on the posterior border. Legs, the coxae mainly black with a pollinose spot on the hind pair, femora nearly black with a little yellow at the base of the middle and hind pairs and at the apex of the front and middle ones, tibiae and tarsi yellow, last joint of latter tinged more or less with dusky, front pulvilli black, the others yellow. Abdomen with a narrow transverse band of golden yellow pollen on the apex of the first segment, and transversely elongate spots on the sides of the three following segments, these separat- ed on the dorsum by more than their combined width, and de- creasing in size posteriorly so that those on the sides of the fourth segment are barely perceptible: venter black. Pile scantier everywhere than in cntciatns. that on the back of the head and at base of proboscis black, elsewhere varying shades of yellow. Length of body 17 mm. 9 . Similar to male, but pile of face and mystax scantier, and yellow in color instead of black. The elongate spot on the humeri unites with that at the suture and extends the whole length of the mesonotum. There is more yellow on the hind coxae and a yellow dot on the pleurae. All the femora yellow, the hind pairs darker, tibiae, tarsi and pulvilli all wholly yellow. Wings smoky all over, paler in the centers of the cells. Length 18 mm. Two other females taken at Raleigh, June 21, 1922, by myself, and in late June, 1921, by T. B. Mitchell, are similar but have less yellow on the thorax and the yellow spots on the sides of the abdominal segments are lacking on the fourth in the first and on the third and fourth in the second specimen named. Y"y/v male collected at Raleigh, North Carolina, June 16, 1922, by T. B. Mitchell. Paratypc female taken /'// coitn with the type male. Male type and female paratype will be deposited in the U. S. National Museum, female paratypes in our collection. Named for my little friend, Elizabeth Dunn. Ceraturgus mitchelli n. s]>. (Jray or whitish, pollinose, with almost the entire vestiture white; resembles most closely Bach's description of dhnidiatns, but differs in having only the fro u tibiae yellow and in having hyaline wings. 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 Black, face and cheeks whitish, pollinose, with long white hair, mystax white. Front dull whitish, pollinose, but black at base of antennae above and on a narrow stripe above this : ocellar area and occiput black, narrowly whitish, pollinose, on the sides, posterior orbits narrowly white, pollinose. Proboscis black, reddish at tip. Antennae about 4 mm. long, first and second joints about equal, third about twice as long as the first two together, fourth short, fifth about half as long as third, fourth and fifth covered with very short, dense, black pile, first and second with some long, white hairs. All the hair on the head white. Thorax black with yellowish white pollen, this forming a broad stripe along each side of the mesonotum above the wing bases which unites with its fellow before the scutellum : two, narrow, submedian bands on the dorstim, broader in front, and a narrow line on the suture, the black consisting of a broad me- dian longitudinal stripe, (faintly divided by a median line of whitish hairs) and two* large rounded spots on the sides. Scu- tellum margined with whitish behind. Metanotum whitish polli- nose on the sides. Pleurae black, extensively white, pollinose, but with one obliquely elongate spot of golden yellow pollen. Legs, all the coxae whitish pollinose, all the trochanters and femora black, the front femora yellow at extreme tip, front tibiae and tarsi yellow with short yellow pile, the long hairs and bristles white, middle tibiae black, yellowish at base, middle tarsi black, yellowish beneath, hind tibiae black, yellowish at the knees, hind tarsi black above, slightly yellowish beneath. Front pulvilli black, the others yellow (as is also the case with the males of cruciatus and elizabcthae}. Claws black. Hairs and spines of the legs white, except that there are some black hairs and spines near the base of the hind femora and beneath the hind tarsi. Wings hyaline, tinged with yellow in the costal region, veins blackish, except in the costal region where they are yellow. Abdomen shining black with complete, moderately broad, white, pollinose crossbands on the apices of the first five segments, these produced forwards on the sides nearly or quite to the anterior margins, sixth segment with a triangular white pollinose spot on each side, seventh segment unmarked, a tuft of yellow hairs on each side of the hypopygium. Length of body 18 mm. Type and only specimen taken at Swannanoa, North Caro- lina, May 26, 1923, by T. B. Mitchell for whom the species is named. Type will be deposited in the National Museum. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11 Ceraturgus mabelae n. sp. Differs from the other species of the genus in having no black at all on the abdomen. Dark brown, face and cheeks golden yellow, pollinose, mystax and beard yellow, front and occiput black, shining, narrowly golden, pollinose next the eyes, posterior orbits grayish pollinose. hairs of front, occiput and back of head black. Antennae about 3 mm. long, black, first and second joints subequal, third about one and one-half times as long as the first two together, fourth short, about as broad as long, broader at apex, fifth flattened, rather broad, tapering to the apex, clothed with short dense black pile. Hairs on the basal antennal joints black. Thorax golden yellow, pollinose, with the usual broad, median dark stripe, and two large rounded dark spots on each side, scutellum and posterior part of mesonotum yellowish brown, the former golden yellow, pollinose, on the margin, a rounded golden yellow, pollinose spot on each side of the metanotum. Short hairs of the thoracic clorsum black, the long ones mainly yellow. Pleurae almost wholly golden, pollinose, this divided into spots by the sutures. Wings wholly hyaline. Legs dark yellowish brown, somewhat lighter on the front tarsi, all the coxae golden yellow, pollinose, hairs and spines of legs yellow. Abdomen wholly yellowish brown above, each segment with a broad posterior band of golden pollen, the last three or four segments being almost wholly pollinose. Venter wholly yellow- ish. Length of body 12 mm. Described from a single female collected in late May, 1920, at Linville Falls, North Carolina, by Franklin Sherman, Chief in Entomology. The type will IK- placed in the U. S. National Museum. Resembles nigripcs in size and crnciatns in shape. Named for my young friend, Mabel Payne. The following key appears to separate the species of Ccni- t u>-(/ us of which we have specimens or descriptions. 1. Abdomen without any black mabclac Abdomen with black 2 2. Legs all black niyrifcs Legs partly yellow or yellowish 3 3. None of the hair on the head black '. . . . 4 Some of the hair on the head black 6 4. Legs all yellow, body almost wholly golden yellow, polli- nose, size small (length 8-9 mm.) '. .uitntlcntns 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 Legs largely black, size larger (length over 10 mm.) . . 5 5. Front tibiae yellow others black, wings hyaline, .mitchelli Front and middle tibiae yellow, wings not hyaline dimidiatus 6. Only one complete light pollinose crossband on the ab- domen, namely that on the first segment. . . .clizabcthac Several complete crossbands on abdomen 7 7. Beard and mystax yellow, size smaller shnilis Beard black, mystax often partly so cnici'atns New Species and Forms of Lepidoptera (Heterocera). By WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur, Illinois. Automeris zephyria form zephyriata nov. Entirely similar to zephyria but with the fuscous tints of the primaries, secondaries, and thorax, largely replaced by deep rufous. A. zephyria form zcphyriata holds the same relative position to zephyria that A. pamina form aurosca holds to pamina. It apparently emerges as an uncommon form in bred lots. Intergrades occur. Type locality: High Rolls, New Mexico, (Bonniwell). Number and sexes of types : Holotype $ , April ; Allotype 9 , April; 4 $ Paratypes, March (1), April (2), July (1) ; 2 9 Paratypes, no date. Epia jola sp. nov. 1913, B. & McD., Contr. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., II, No. 1, 14, pi. VI, f. 11, as ectrapcla, Epia. Primaries : ground color whitish, heavily overlaid by fuscous shades ; basal line black, double, included space white, waved from costa to bjlow cell, thence obsolete; its point of obsolescence being marked by a broken, basal, black dash; t. a. line black, double, included space white, strongly and obliquely excurved to claviform, thence drawn to a mesal point on vein 1, thence distally produced to a point below vein 1 ; claviform large, outlined and more or less filled in by black; orbicular outlined by black, white filled with a central fuscous shade; an oblique white shade from orbicular to near inner margin; reniform outlined by black, white filled, with a darker central crescent which has a whitish center ; a waved, fuscous, median shade, connecting the reniform with the distal end of the claviform, and the inner margin ; t. p. line produced to points on the veins, black, double, included space white, strongly excurved from costa to about vein 4, incurved to inner margin ; s. t. space with a black patch on costa, and sagittate black dashes between veins 2-3, 3-4, 4-5 ; s. t. line inwardly oblique from costa to about vein 7, broken, again starting on vein 7 almost parallel to outer margin, pro- XXXV, '24] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 duced on veins 3 and 4 forming a small W-mark ; terminal space not intersected by black dashes ; a terminal line of black crescents between the veins ; fringe whitish-gray, interlined by fuscous. Secondaries : fuscous, somewhat paler basally, veins darker, with discal spot and median shade. Beneath: whitish, powdered by black; both pairs of wings with discal spots and darker outer margins ; secondaries showing obscure median and s. t. shade lines, and with the discal spot often connected to the base by a bar of black scales. Expanse : 28-33 mm. Allied to minorata,, but lacking the strong brown tinges, with the s. t. space much wider, dashes in the s. t. space not obsoles- cent (as in the type male of minorata, Havilah, Calif., Hy. Eclw. Coll.), besides possessing less strongly laminated and ciliated antennae in the male. Perhaps more closely allied to ectrapela, but much more brightly marked. Compared with the series in the Smith Collection it seems quite distinct from the female type from Agnes Lake, British Columbia, and nearer to specimens labeled minorata. It is possible that further specimens may show intergrades with true cctrapcla, but twenty-two specimens from Utah, seem to present an almost uniform appearance. Seven specimens from Wallace, Idaho, received through the kindness of Messrs. Doll and Marloff, seem to be the same species, altho slightly darker than the Utah specimens. Genitalically there appears to be a slight difference between the Utah and Idaho specimens in the spinulation of the penis, but this is probably individual. In order to insure against a mixed series, the types are restricted to the following: Type locality: Eureka, Utah (Tom Spalding). Xiunbcr and sc.vcs of types: Holotype $, 1 July 1921; Allotype 5 , 1 July 1921 ; 8 $ , 12 $ , Paratypes, various dates from 21 June to 1 August. rypes in: Barnes Collection; Paratypes, Brooklyn Museum, Canadian National, Marloff and Spalding Collections. Hyssia marloffi sp. nov. Primaries : ground color violaceous-gray, powdered with black ; basal line black, double, outwardly oblique from costa to radius, thence almost erect to median vein where it becomes obsolescent ; t. a, line black, 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 double, outwardly oblique from costa, interrupted by a slight tooth above cell, inwardly oblique from submedian fold, produced to a long point below vein 1 ; median shade black, outwardly oblique from costa to inner margin ; t. p. line black, double, produced to small points on the veins, excurved from costa to about vein 5, thence inwardly oblique, with a slight curvature, to inner margin; s. t. line marked on the costa by a black patch, thence as a pale diffuse shade, marked by small black dots, to inner margin; terminal line of black dots; basal-t. a. area heavily powdered with black, disconcolorous with the basal half of the median area ; orbicular present but obsolescent, faintly outlined by a few black scales ; reniform large, more or less kidney-shaped, yellowish, with somewhat darker central crescent, obscured on median vein by fuscous ; cell between median shade and reniform filled in with black ; a black dash connecting the reniform with the t. p. line; another black dash, in submedian fold, connecting the basal line with the t. a. line, thence often faintly marked to the median shade ; fringe basally checkered by a line of whitish blotches. Secondaries fuscous, somewhat paler basally ; fringe white, with a fuscous interline. Beneath : primaries suffused with fuscous, with t. a. line marked on costa, a black discal spot, and t. p. line reproduced as a black shade, terminal line and fringes as on upper side. Secondaries : suffused with fuscous, paler basally, with black discal spot and median shade line, fringes as on upper side. Some of the maculation on the under side may be lost by suffusion. Expanse : 25-28 mm. According to specimens compared with the type of H. fas- data Smith, the present species is closely allied, by the black- dash connecting the reniform with the t. p. line, but presents a considerably different habitus due to the primaries being more heavily powdered with black, while the dash in the submedian fold, and the dark basal-t. a. area plus the dark area distad of the median shade causes the mesal half of the median area to present a strong contrast, appearing as a pale oblique band. True H. fasciata is in the Barnes Collection only from ''New Mexico (F. H. Snow)," and High Rolls, New Mexico, Bonni- well. Type localities and number and sexes of types : Holotype $ , Ft. Wingate, 8-15 July; Allotype 9 , id., 1-7 July; 2 $ Para- types, id., 24-31 July, 1-7 Aug. ; 2 $ Paratypes, Jemez Springs, 28 July 1921, (6400 ft.), 24-31 Aug.; 1 9 Paratype, id., 16-23 Aug. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 Types in : Barnes Collection, except 1 $ Paratype, 28 July 1921, received from Mr. Fred Marloff for identification, and returned to him. Syneda athabasca Neum. 1883, Neum., Papilio, III. 143, Syneda. Mr. Neumoegen states in the original description, "second- aries yellowish white." The types in the Neumoegen Collection appear to have yellowish-white secondaries. A series of speci- mens from Calgary and Nordegg, Alberta, in the Barnes Col- lection, vary greatly in the color of the secondaries, but always showing at least a considerable yellowish tinge. The authors are unable to state whether the pale condition of the secondaries of some specimens is the result of fading while the insect is still alive, or while in collections, or due to chemical action of ammonia in poor killing bottles ; or if there actually are indi- vidual differences. Syneda athabasca race crokeri nov. A series of eight specimens from Saskatchewan, and three specimens without locality, in the Barnes Collection, do not show the faintest trace of yellow on the secondaries. There are additional specimens in the Brooklyn Museum. It seems impossible that these specimens could have completely lost all trace of yellow, as such a condition is not present in hundreds of specimens of the various species of Syneda in the Barnes Collection. The authors are inclined to consider the white h'ind-winged form a geographical race, although it appears to be more worthy of specific rank than many of the so-called "species" of S\neda. Most, and probably all, of the specimens were collected by A. J. Croker. Type localities and number and se.vcs of t\pcs: Holotype $ , Allotype $,3 $ , 1 9 , Paratypes, "Sask. Canada, 27-6-07 A. J. Croker"; 1 9 Paratype, "Redvers, Sask. 27-6-07"; 1 9 Paratype, "Redvers, Sask. 4-6-06 A. J. C."; 1 9 Paratype "9-6-06" ; and 2 9 Paratypes, no data, in Barnes Collection ; also a series of specimens from A. J. Croker in the Brooklyn Museum Collection. 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 Anticarsia schausi sp. nov. Head, thorax, abdomen and wings concolorous, brownish-rufous, more or less tinged with violaceous. Primaries : t. a. line waved from costa to inner margin ; orbicular a small yellowish dot ; median shade line more or less obsolescent in some specimens, in others clearly denned, outwardly oblique from costa to reniform, thence inwardly oblique to inner margin, produced to points on veins 2 and 1 ; reniform yellowish, erect, narrow, with a black central line ; t. p. line erect between costa and radius, excurved to vein 3, thence incurved, produced to a point on vein 1, s. t. line composed of black dots between the veins ; terminal series of black dots between the veins connected by a few fuscous scales and a bright rufous line ; fringes bright rufous, interlined by violaceous. Secondaries : with black discal mark and median shade line ; a sub- terminal series of dots corresponding to the s. t. line of the primaries present or absent; terminal line and fringes as on primaries. Beneath : bright brownish-rufous, maculation similar to the upper side except that the t. a. line is absent and that the other lines and spots are more contrastingly black, more or less outlined by luteous- white ; the veins bright red. Expanse : 37-40 mm. The authors are enabled to describe the present species thru the kindness of Mr. Schaus, who supplied a specimen of A. mixtura Wlk. : : Icnconia F. F. & R. for comparison. A. schausi appears genitalically distinct, its closest ally being fer- ruginca Sm., from which it may be easily recognized, by the reniform "being yellowish and not strongly broken by inter- secting veins, and by its more even and less patchy appearance. Type localities aiid number and se.ves of types : Holotype $ , Palmerlee, Cochise County, Arizona ; 3 $ Paratypes, id. ; 2 $ Paratypes, Southern Arizona ( Poling) ; 6 $ Paratypes, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, the only dated specimen being from the Huachuca Mts., 8-15 October. Hemeroplanis finitima race concoloralis nov. Tibiae and underside of the primaries without secondary sexual characters. Head, collar, thorax, abdomen, and ground color of wings, concolorously dull brown. Primaries : t. a. line blackish, punctiform, almost erect, only slightly incurved in submedian fold; orbicular not present; reniform poorly marked by a few blackish scales ; t. p. line yellowish, almost erect from costa to vein 4, incurved in submedian fold, preceded by a punctiform black line ; s. t. line punctiform, parallel to the outer margin, marked by black sagittate dashes and small violaceous spots between the veins ; a terminal series of faint black dots between the veins; fringe con- colorous with the primaries, XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17 Secondaries : similar in color to the primaries, only very slightly paler basally, with an obsolescent discal spot and s. t. shade. Beneath : primaries : dull brownish with a slight rufous cast ; a faint blackish discal spot ; median and s. t. shades blackish, parallel to the outer margin. Secondaries : pale, sprinkled with black atoms and strongly tinged with rufous; with blackish discal spot; blackish median and s. t. shades parallel to the outer margin. Expanse : 27 mm. This form has been standing as possibly H. reversalis Sm., in the Barnes Collection. Examination of the type of reversals in the Smith Collection proved that rcversalis was more closely allied to secundalis. Concoloralis is possibly a distinct species with a more north- ern habitat than finitima. The type is the only specimen the authors have seen from so far north in California, and it is not closely approached by over one hundred and thirty speci- mens representing finitiina and its various forms. The t. p. line, especially on the underside where it shows as a "median shade." appears a little straighter than in typical finitima, and is not excurved below the costa. As the name is based upon a single specimen, and mainly upon characters which are variable in the group, it appears best to describe it as a northern race of finitima. There are prob- ably more names than species in the genus H emeroplanis (=Pleonectyptcra), but most of the names will eventually have at least "form" status. Type locality: Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou County, California. Number and se.rcs of types: Holotype $, 8-15 August, unique. Metalestra diabolica sp. nov. Ground color brownish rufous, but so covered with indistinct markings as to appear blackish. Primaries : basal line rufous, obsolescent except on costa ; t. a. line rufous, poorly defined, waved from costa to inner margin ; orbicular a small round black dot, often obsolescent; median shade double, more or less diffused in a generally fuscous basal-median system of shades ; the area between the median shades and the t. p. line rufous, more or less obscured by fuscous; reniform black, distinct; t. p. line black, produced to blunt points on the veins, rounded from costa, drawn in to a point opposite the cell, this point being marked by a black dot, again excurved to about vein 3, thence incurved to inner margin but interrupted by being produced to a point on vein 1 ; the t. p. line followed by a rufous shade line in contact with it for its entire length; s. t. line faint, yellowish-rufous, strongly bent inward below costa, opposite the cell, and in the submedian fold ; terminal line composed of narrow, black 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 crescents, the hollows between the veins being filled by yellowish dots ; fringe black, more or less checkered by yellowish. Secondaries : basal area heavily obscured by black shades ; discal spot large and black but often difficult to see because of being fused with, and obscured by, the black basal shadings ; medial line narrow, black, more or less irregular, outwardly produced opposite the cell ; followed by an obsolescent pale shade line ; an s. t. intermediate pale shade line ; terminal line, yellow dots, and fringes as on the primaries. Beneath : ground color dirty-yellowish, heavily powdered with fuscous ; terminal lines and fringes as on the upper side ; primaries with a black discal dot and median shade line ; secondaries with blackish discal dot bounded mesially and distally by blackish shade lines which make contact with it, ordinary median shade line black and distinct. Expanse 18-23 mm. This is the tantillus of various authors. Specimens were sent to Sir George Hampson, who failed to match it in the British Museum, returning a specimen marked "not tantillus." A specimen of monodia agreed with the type of tantillus. It is possible that Grote had a mixed type series as he records tantillus from Texas, but his description agrees identically with his type in the British Museum and not with diabolica, so the name is restricted to the British Museum type. Both authors have personally compared specimens, of the two species involved, with the types of monodia, and the series of other Mctalcstra in the National Museum, where diabolica is placed as tantillus. Mr. Schaus kindly informed the junior author that no tropical species entered into the synonymy. M. diabolica belongs to that group of Mctalcstra which lacks the yellowish dashes on the veins in the s. t. space at the ends of the points of the t. p. line. From cdilis and cincta it may be told by its darker appearance and totally different habitus ; from miserulata (=irentis} by the possession of either a large black discal spot on the secondaries or heavy banding which obscures the spot ; while from tantillus, its closest ally, by not possessing a nearly unicolorous black appearance only inter- rupted by narrow broken, but strongly contrasting, whitish- yellow lines. Type localities and number and sexes of types : Holotype <5 , San Benito, 16-23 June; Allotype 9 , id., 8-15 July; 8 $ Para- types, id., 16-23 June (1); id., Aug. (1); Kerrville, April (2) ; id., no date (1) ; Black Jack Springs (1) ; Brownsville (1); Harris County, 16-23 Sept. (1); 29 Paratypes, San Benito (1) ; Brownsville, "5-11," Geo. Dorner (1), all Texas. Types of all the forms here described as new are in the Barnes collection, unless otherwise stated. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19 Entomological Uses for Yucca Stems. By JAMES G. NEEDHAM, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. During- my year as exchange professor in Pomona College, I lived in the land of magnificent yuccas. They grew sparingly scattered about the mesa near at hand, and more abundantly about the foot of the mountain slopes farther away, rising starkly above the chaparral to a height of 20 or 25 feet, a unique and conspicuous feature of the landscape. On my first trip out from Claremont to the Cafions in the adjacent San Gabriel mountains in September, I broke off a dead yucca stem and took it home and cut it up in part into sections to be used for pin cushions — a use well known to the general public in yucca-land. Having stock left over, stock that was clean, white, very light in weight, soft and easily worked, I began to find new uses for it. The stems may readily be cut crosswise with a coping saw, or punched length- wise with any thin-walled tubular instrument, or sliced in any direction with a sharp knife. The stems are commonly 3 to 6 inches in diameter at the base, composed of a thin, tough, yellow rind inclosing a soft white pith, that is easily pene- trated or split lengthwise but that holds pins rather well, if they are inserted crosswise. These qualities adapt dry yucca to the following uses : 1. Pinning blocks: Short sections of the stem set up on end; these are the entomologists' pin cushions, known and used In- many, especially in the southwest. They serve well as depth gauges in setting insects to a proper height on pins, if one grasp the pin heads uniformly and push the pin down through the body of the fresh insect until his finger tip just touches the pith. Glued to a heavier base that will keep them from toppling over, they will receive and hold scalpel, forceps, scissors, needles, etc., as well as pins. 2. Cyanide caps for the bottom of kllliiuj bottles. For this use the stem is cut lengthwise in thin sheets, say an eighth 22 XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23 was reported to be very abundant about San Dfego. Vanillac is very common in Southern California, especially in the hotter fall months, but I have records of it for every month of the year. Above Santa Barbara County it becomes rarer, and I know of only several captures in the San Francisco Ray region. Several years ago I received from Mr. W. J. Chamberlin a specimen of ran iliac taken at Corvallis, Oregon, in June. Very possibly this example was imported in some early stage on its food-plant. The species of Passiflora, upon which ranillac feeds as a larva, are with the exception of a few Malayan, Chinese and Australian species, natives of tropical America. In California the commonest species is P. cacntlca, and this seems to be the only one that can be grown successfully as far north as San Francisco. Other species are P. cditlis Sims. ; P. hinrifolia Juss., the Jamaica Honeysuckle or Water Lemon ; P. uiollissiiiia Bailey and the Red Passion Vine, P. iiiandicata Pers. Strangely, still another species. P. radiata, perhaps better known as P. prince ps, appears to be immune from the attacks of the larvae of z'anillac. I have never been able to locate any larvae on it, and horticulturists tell me that they regard it as caterpillar-proof. I have not been able to locate the food-plant of vanillac on the des- •ert regions, but possibly species of Tri folium supply food for the larvae, as on several occasions I have noted females hover- ing about this as though bent on ovipositing. — KARL R. COOL- IDGE, Hollywood, California. Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology <>f the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of inserts. however, whether relating to American or exotic species will lie rccordrd The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph at the end of their respective orders. Those containing descriptions of new genera and species occurring north of Mexico are preceded by an *. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Kn- tomology. Series A, London.- For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed. 2 — Transactions of The American Entomological Society, Philadelphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 1). C. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology, Conco/d, X. II. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 14 — Proceed- ings of the Zoological Society of London. 21 — The F.nto- 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 mologist's Record, London. 22 — Bulletin of Entomological Research, London. 40 — Genera Insectorum, Diriges par P. Wytsman. 44 — Ectoparasites. Edited by Jordan & Rothschild, Tring, England. 48 — Wiener ^tomologische Zeitung. 49 — Entomologische Mitteilungeu, Berlin-Dahlem. 52 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 61 — Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 68— Science, Garrison on the Hudson, N. Y. 69 — Comptes Ren- dus, des Seances de 1'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 71— Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 76 — Nature, London. 82 — The Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 85— The Journal of Experimental Zoology. Philadelphia. 100— Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 112 — Entomologische Berichten, The Hague. 118 — Die Naturwissenschaften, Berlin. 133 — Zo- ologica. Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoolog- ical Society. 134 — Annales de Biologic Lacustre, Brussels. 147 — Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomic und Entwick- lungsmechanik, Berlin. 151 — Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History. 152 — United States De- partment of Agriculture. GENERAL. Colledge, W. R.— An interesting insect larva. (Queensland Nat., 1923, 39-40.) Eggers, F.— Ergeb- nisse von untersuchungen am Johnstonschen organ der in- sekten und ihre bedeutung fur die allgemeine beurteilung der stiftfuhrenden sinnesorgane. 52, Ivii, 224-40. Finkler, W. — Die ueberpflanzung von insektenkopfen. 48, xl, 77-80. Kopftransplantation an insekten. 147, xcix, 104-133. Graham, S. A. — Effect of physical factors in the ecology of certain insects in logs. (Rep. Sta. Ent. Minn., xix, 22-40.) Horn, W. — Et meminisse et vaticinari liceat. 14. Ueber "Typen." 49, xii, 210-13. Hoyt, W. D.— Some aspects of the relation of species to their environment. 68, Ivii, 432-4. Karny, H. H. — L'eber die anwendung der nomenklaturre- geln. 49, xii, 168-98. Knoll, F. — Insekten und blumen. Ex- perimentelle arbeiten zur vertiefung unserer kenntnisse ueber die wechselbeziehungen zwischen pflanzen und tieren. (Abh. Z.-B. Ges. Wien, xii, H. 1-2.) Rothschild, N. C.- Obituary. 21, xxxv, 175-6. 76, cxii, 697. Sheppard, T.— Zo- ological bibliography. 76, cxii, 652. Summers, J. N. — A refrigerator for shipping live insects. 12, xvi, 539-43. Tiegs, O. W. — Researches on the insect metamorphosis. (Trans. R. Soc. So. Australia, xlvi, 319-527.) Walton, W. R.— Some phases of insect parasitism. (Can. Field-Nat., xxxvii, 128-32.) West & Hull — List of manuscript bibliographies in the bio- logical sciences. (Rep. & Circ. Ser., Nat. l\c-s. Council, No. 45.) XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Blunck, H. — Krankheiten, feinde und schniarotzer des gelbrands. 52, Ivii, 296-328. Mann, M. C. — A demonstration of the sta- bility of the .o^"'»s of an inbred stock of Drosophila melano- gaster under experimental condition. 85, xxxviii, 213-44. Mavor, J. W. — An effect of X-rays on the linkage of mendel- ian characters in the first chromosome of Drosophila. (Gen- etics, viii 355-66.) Redway, J. W. — Disease carriers: Bio- logical and geographical. (Ecology, iv, 335-40.) Stieve, H. — Neuzeitliche ansichten ueber die bedeutung der chrom- osomen, unter besonderer berucksichtigung der Drosophil- aversuche. (Zeit. f. d. Ges. Anal., Berlin, Abt. 3, xxiv, 491- 587.) Toedtmann, W. — Die spermatozoen von Gryllotalpa vulgar is. 52, Ivii, 287-91. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Kastener, A.— Beitrage zur kenntnis der locomotion der Arachniden. 52, Ivii, 247-53. Charnberlin, R. V. — ( )n four termitophilous millipeds from British Guiana. 133, iii, 411-21. *Emerton, J. H.— New spiders from Canada and the adjoining states, No. 3. 4, Iv, 238-43. Oudemans, A. C. — Acarologische aan- ti'i'keningen. 112, vi, 200-8. "Moore, J. I. — A review of the present knowledge of fossil scorpions with the description of a new species from Pottsville formation of Clay County, Ind. (Proc. 38 An. Meet. Indiana Ac. Sci., 1922, 125-34.) THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Brocher, F. — La corne prosternale des larves des Trichopteres. 134, xii, 83-91. Hegh, E. — Les termites, Partie generale. Des- cription, Distribution geographique, Classification, Biologic, Vie sociale, Alimentation, Constructions, Rapports avec le monde exterieur. [Reviewed in Psyche, xxx, Nos. 3-4, p. 133.] Searle, J. — Hie sticktight flea, Echidnophaga galli- nacea. (Victorian Nat., xl, 119.) :|:Chamberlin, J. C. — A revision of the genus Anisembia, with description of a n. sp. from the Gulf of California. 61, xii, 341-51. :::Claassen, P. W. — News sps. of N. American Plecoptera. 4, Iv, 257-63. Folsom, J. W. — A new lepismid from Porto Rico. 10, xxv, 170. Termitophilous Apterygota from British Guiana. 133, iii, 385-402. Silvestri, F. — l)r- scriptioncs termitum in Anglorum Guiana repertorum. 133, iii, 307-21. Williamson, E. B. — Notes on American species of Triacanthagyna and Gynacantha. (Misc. Pub. Univ. Mich., Mus. Zool., No. 9.) ORTHOPTERA. Bucknell, E. R.— Cyphoderris mons- trosa in British Columbia. 4, Iv, 225-30. Mercier et Poisson, Contribution a 1'etude de 1'atrophie des ailes et des muscles 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 clu vol chez les Forficulidae. 69, 1923, 1142-45. Seliskar, A. — Die mannlichen duftorgane der hohlenheuschrecke Trog-lophilus. 52, Ivii, 245-68. Weiss, H. B.— The Chinese mantis, a beneficial insect in New Jersey. (N. J. Dept. Agr., Bur. Stat. & Insp., Circ. 68.) Hebard, M. — Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Third paper. Orthopterous family Acri- didae. 2, xlix, 165-313. HEMIPTERA. Cragg, F. W.— Observations on the bio- nomics of the bed-bug Cimex lectularis, with special refer- ence to the relations of the sexes. (Ind. Jour. Med. Sci., xi. 449-73.) Knight, H. H. — Studies on the life history and biology of Perillus bioculatus, including observations on -the nature of the color pattern. (Rep. Sta. Ent. Minn., xix, 50 -96.) Readio, P. A. — The life history of Jalysus spinosus (Neididae). 4, Iv, 230-36. Chamberlin, J. C. — A systematic monograph of the Tach- ardiinae or lax insects. (Coccidae). 22, xiv, 147-212. '"Ferris, G. F. — Observations on the Chermidae. 4, Iv, 250-56. Green & Laing. — Descriptions of some new sps. and some new records of Coccidae. — I. Diaspidinae. 22, xiv, 123-32. Mc- Atee, W. L. — Tingitoidea of the vicinity of Washington, D. C. 10, xxv. 143-51. Melichar, L. — Homoptera. Fam. Acanaloniidae, Flatidae et Ricaniidae. 40, Fasc. 182, 185 pp. Morrison, H. — On three apparently n. sps. of Termitaphis. 133, iii, 403-8. :;:Oestlund, O. W. — A synoptical key to the Aphididae of Minnesota. (Rep. Sta. Ent. Minn., xix, 114-51.) *Sanders & DeLong. — Nine n. sps. of Cicadellidae from the U. S. and Canada. 10, xxv, 151-56. -Van Duzee, E. P.— A new subsp. of Euryophthalmus cinctus. 4, Iv, 270. LEPIDOPTERA. Bishopp, F. C.— The puss caterpillar and the effects of its sting on man. 152, Dept. Circ. 288. Butler, A. G. — Reversion to ancestral colouration. 9, Ivi, 263. Crozier, W. J. — On the locomotion of the larvae of the slug moths (Cochlidiidae). 85, xxxviii, 323-30. Meadows, D. C. — Notes on the lepidoptera of southern California. No. 1. 13, xv, 33-4. "Barnes & Benjamin. — Notes on the egans-group of Oligia (Phalaenidae). 4, Iv, 264-5. Gibson, A. — The specific name of the green bud-moth. 4, Iv, 243. Prout, L. B. — New Geometridae in the Tring museum. 71, xxx. 191-215. Schaus, W. — A new gen. and sp. of moth of economic in- terest in the U. S. Nat. Mus. 10, xxv, 164. Schaus & Cock- erell. — Three new forms of Rhopalocera from Colombia and a new geomelrid moth from Madeira. 10, xxv, 162-4. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27 DIPTERA. Hearle, E. — Notes on two mosquitoes from Br. Columbia. 4, Iv, 265-6. Aldrich, J. M. — The present status of Coquillett's Hypo- chaeta longicornis. 10, xxv, 161-2. Austen, E. E. — A re- vision of the family Pantophthalmidae, with descriptions of n. sps. and a n. gen. 14, 1923. 551-598. *Cole, F. R.— Dip- tera from the islands and adjacent shores of the Gulf of California. 61, xii, 457-481. :|:Curran, C. H.— A new doli- chopodid from Ontario. 4, Iv, 236-7. The genera of the family Blepharoceridae. [Includes key to genera of the \Yorld.] A new syrphid from Ontario. 4, Iv, 266-9; 269. *Garrett, C. B. D. — Two new D. in the Canadian national collection, Ottawa. New North American D. 4, Iv, 244; 245-6. :::Greene, C. T. — A new sp. of Volucella. 10, xxv, 165-8. ''"Johnson, C. W. — New and interesting species of diptera. 151, v, 69-72. *Jordan & Rothschild. — New Amer- ican Siphonaptera. On the genera Rhopalopsyllus and Parapsyllus. 44, i, 309-19 ; 320-70. Schmitz, H.— Zwei netie Phoriden aus Australien und Brasilien. 112, vi, 188-92. :':Van Duzee, M. C. — Diptera of the family Dolichopodidae, collected on the Katmai expedition. 82, xxiii, 241-62. COLEOPTERA. Dodds, C. T.— A list of coleoptera col- lected on the beach during the summer of 1921 at Laguna Beach, California. 13, xv, 35-6. Herrick, G. W. — Notes on the biology of Desmocerus palliatus. 12, xvi, 546-8. Janisch, E. — Ueber alterserschemungen bei insekten und ihre be- kampfungsphysiologische bedeutung. 118, 1923, 929-31. Mc- Indoo, N. E. — Glandular structure of the abdominal appen- dages of a termite guest (Spirachtha). 133, iii, 367-81. Bernhauer, M. — Neue Staphyliniden aus Sudamerika (29. Stuck). 48, xl, 49-60. Hyslop," J. A.— The present status of the coleopterous family Plastoceridae. 10, xxv, 156-60. Mann, W. M. — New genera and species of termitophilous coleop- tera from northern S. Am. 133, iii, 323-66. HYMENOPTERA. Caillas, A.— Sur la composition de la propolis des abeilles 69, 1923, 1145-47. How- ard, L. O. — A curious phase of parasitism among the parasitic H. 4, Iv, 223-4. Garlick, W. G.— Xotes on the feeding habits of an adult sawrly. 4, Iv, 256-7. Logier, S. — An interesting ant from Muskoka. 4, Iv, 247-9. Plath, O. E. — Breeding experiments with confined Bremus (Bombus) queens. 100, xlv, 325-41. :;:Mickel, C. E. — Preliminary notes on the Mutillidae of Minnesota. ( Rep. Sta. Ent., Minn., xix, 97-113.) :;:Rohwer, S. A. — A new Macrocentrus reared from the strawberry leaf roller (Braconidae). 10, xxv, 168. 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 SPECIAL NOTICES. List of manuscript bibliographies in the biological sciences. This is one of the Reprint and Circulars of the National Research Council, No. 45. There are quite a num- ber of entries under Insects ; Taxonomy. Also under En- tomology : Economic. Genera Insectorum. This great work published under the direction of P. Wytsman, Tervueren, Belgium, is appearing in about its pre-war frequency. Of course, it is hardly ne- cessary to state that this work should be consulted by all systematists in entomology. The part treating of the ho- mopterous families Acanaloniidae, Flatidae and Ricaniidae, by L. Melichar has just appeared. Our attention has been called to an error on our part occurring in the November list. Under Arachnida, the fol- lowing titles should be credited to J. C. Chamberlin : New and little known pseudoscorpions, principally from the islands and adjacent shores of the Gulf of California ; and A revision of the genus Anisembia, with descriptions of a new species. The latter should be listed under The Smaller Orders. [If the order had been mentioned in the latter title, this error would probably not have occurred.] FOSSIL INSECTS.1 In his day, our own S. H. Scudder was the leading exponent of the science of Palaeoentomology, but the modern representa- tive of Scudder is Dr. A. Handlirsch of Vienna, whose monu- mental labors have greatly lightened the work of all others con- cerned with this subject. Not content with having produced that indispensable book, Die Fossilcn Insektcn (1430 pp. ; 1906- 1908), he has continued along the same lines, and in Schroder's Handbitch has given us a new summary, including a consider- able amount of previously unpublished material. Even while this was being printed, he returned to his favorite study of the earlier forms, and has produced a Revision dcr Paliiozoisclicn Insektcn, published recently in Vienna. The topics dealt with by Handlirsch are so varied, including the whole problem of the descent and phylogenetic classification of the Insecta, that it is impossible to discuss them all in a review. Indeed, the subject re- 1 Handbuch der Entomologie. By Dr. Chr. Schroder. Lief. 5-7. By A. Handlirsch. Consisting of Chapter 7, pp. 117-306, Palaeontologie, and Chapter 8, Phylogenie oder Stammesgeschichte, pp. 307-376. (Gustuv Fischer, Jena: 1920, 1921.) XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 29 quires the cooperation of numerous entomologists, and far more analysis will be necessary before a really satisfactory synthesis can be made. It is already apparent that in certain quarters there is a tendency to accept the results of Handlirsch without question, out of regard for his great learning and enormous in- dustry. It is too easily forgotten that such a comprehensive undertaking must necessarily be largely a matter of compilation from sources which are by no means always reliable, and that many judgments are tentative and subject to revision. For the general entomologist as well as the student of fossils, the treatment in Schroder's Handbnch is full of instruction, if taken with sufficient caution. The broad results will stand ; many of the details will have to be amended. Although the work is so recent, it was written too long ago to include Till- yard's Australian fossils, the new work on the Gurnet Bay (I. of Wight) fauna, the inclusions in Burmese amber, and various other remarkable discoveries. Among the recorded fossils, are many which on critical examination will need reinterpretation. Thus, Mr. F. W. Edwards, of the British Museum, has very re- cently reviewed the whole subject of fossil Culicidae or mosqui- toes. Handlirsch, with due caution, catalogues the Culicidae from the Mesozoric with a query ; and Edwards finds, on looking at the specimens, that it is quite impossible to definitely recog- nize any of them as belonging to that group. It has lately been reported (Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 77, 1923) that butterflies and mosquitoes were found in the Ondai Sair formation of Mongolia, which is at least as old as the Cretaceous, and may even be Upper Jurassic. The material is now in my hands for description, and there are no butterflies, while the supposed mosquitoes are apparently Chironomidae. The difficulty of correctly interpreting insect fossils has led many entomologists to turn away from the study in despair, and I have heard it said that too little reliance could be placed on the published records to render them of any value. This attitude is entirely wrong, overlooking the vast amount of indisputable and significant evidence which throws light on the whole sub- ject of Entomology. Errors which have been made can often be corrected by renewed study, especially when we have more careful morphological treatments of the various parts of modern insects. There is hardly any part of an insect which does not show characteristic features, if we only know what these are, but they must be discovered by intensive comparative studies. Perhaps the most striking result of Paleoentomology is the dis- covery of the immense antiquity of insect structures, even of existing families and genera. This is now much more impres- 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 sive since the investigations of the disintegration of radio-active minerals have caused us to greatly increase our estimates of geological time. \Yhy should insect organization be so ex- tremely stable? It is not on account of its simplicity, for an insect is a wonderful and very complex machine. Species of insects appear to be short-lived, as shown by the Pleistocene remains, but genera and families persist while vertebrates change, and mountain ranges are raised up or levelled down. Mr. F. W. Edwards, in a recent study of the Anisopodidae (Rhyphidae), has come to the conclusion that my Esthcrcva simplex from the Colorado Eocene was placed in the wrong family on account of a misinterpretation of the structure of the antennae. I have no doubt that he is correct and that the species must stand as Olbiogastcr simplex. This is not all ; he finds that even the vastly more ancient (Jurassic) Platyitra fit- toni Brodie is to be called Olbiogastcr fittoni. He did not notice that in the work now reviewed, Handlirsch figures a Alcsor- hyplnis nan us from the Jurassic (Upper Lias) of Mecklenburg, and this, by the same tokens, is to be called Olbiogastcr nanits. Now it is open to any one to say of these Jurassic flies, that probably if we had them alive the palpi, or legs, or thorax would show differential generic characters. This is a matter of specu- lation, but in any case we have positive evidence of the vast antiquity of the Olbiogastcr venation. Such a fact is neither doubtful nor insignificant. Contrary to what we might expect, even the pattern of the wings (well shown in many fossils) is extremely stable as to its general character, sometimes more so than venation. It is amazing to find insects as old as the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvania!!) showing the wing-markings. On p. 154 of the work reviewed, Handlirsch figures a remark- able example of this. Xarkcina tacniatinn Handl. from the Penn- sylvanian of Illinois. I have examined a second species of this genus, equally well marked, belonging to the Maryland Geo- logical Survey.2 I find very few misprints or clerical errors, but there is one which should be corrected. Litkodryas (p. 273) is a Nymphalid butterfly, not a Geometrid. — T. D. A. COCKERELL. 2 Narkema alternatum n. sp. Resembling Ar. taeniatum, but media branching at a much greater distance from margin ; black bands much wider, fully as wide as the intervals between them. Width of bands about 1.85 mm., of intervals about 1.40 mm. Benson's Clay Mine, Big Savage Alt, Mt. Savage fire clay horizon. Maryland. fThe genus Narkema is one of those of which Handlirsch is uncertain as to whether they should be referred to the order Protorthoptera or the order Protoblattoidea. See his Rcrision dcr palaeozoischen Inscktcn, 1919, pp. 551-552.— ED.] XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\YS 31 M.VCGILLIVRAY'S EXTERNAL INSECT ANATOMY. For the better part of a century taxonomy has been losing caste. It is time we admit this and try to discover the why of the situation. The work is an absolute necessity to many oi the other biologic sciences. Its field holds much that is attrac- tive ; its methods have great value as training for embryo scien- tists. If there are adequate reasons for the decadence of tematics, they must lie in the way in which we systematists have been doing things, and the sooner we learn to do them differently the sooner taxonomy will engage the interest and esteem of other biologists. This is the justification of an adverse criticism of MacGilli- vray's new book on "External Insect-Anatomy" ( 1923, Scarab Co., Urbana, Illinois). The title page states that it is an "introduction to systematic entomology," and the preface adds that "the author in the prep- aration of this book has had foremost in mind the needs of students," that "a thorough knowledge of the external anatomy of insects is fundamental to their taxonomy," and that the first drafts of the book were laboratory outlines loaned to students. There is no question that this is conceived to be the material which should be presented to a student in insect taxonomy. In the face of this claim, the book gives no attention to the elucidation of the principles involved in making distinctions, but is concerned with the minute morphology of insects. The student is directed to examine insect after insect in close detail, and then, — to learn names for each minutest structure. I have had some slight experience with insect morphology; I cannot escape the impression that words, big words, new wovds, strange and fearful words are the meat and dessert of this new course. Granting that my judgment may not be ripet.ed in wisdom, I still wonder what impression would be made upon a beginner who, perchance, wanders into an entomology course because the University schedule happens to work that way, or because he has a vague but uninformed idea that the insect world might have enchantments worth investigating. He has been told that the out-of-doors is worth a real man's observa- tions ; he has heard that ants and wasps and some other small creatures have surprising and entrancing wavs. Perhaps the stray student has even tasted the truth of this idea, — just enough to persuade him into a course in insect taxonomy. He under- stands that in science he will do things very exactly, and will pay attention to many details, but only k-cau.-e these are the stepping stones to knowledge and consequent enjoyment. Don't 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 doubt for a moment that the student thinks of the goal of it all ! He probably knows better than the scientist, for he is not yet lost in minutiae, and he still sees their relation to the rest of life. All of us engaged in teaching ought to remember that the student's viewpoint is liable to be very normal. And so, a normal individual is ready to submit to rigid training. Is he to be satisfied or sufficiently rewarded? Let us begin by introduc- ing him to the "tummy" of a ground beetle, as follows (page 190): ' Mesoste nut in. . — The mesosternum is the mesal subtriangular area. The mesocoxacavae are subadjacent and formed by the infolding of the adjacent parts of the mesosternum and meta- sternum. The mesocoxacoriae are small and concealed in the cephalic part of the mesocoxacavae. The mesocoxae are said 10 be closed when, as in this insect, they are completely surrounded externally by the mesosternum and metasternum, so that the mesepimera do not reach the mesocoxacavae. The mesoster- noideae are completely fused with the mesepisterna. The exposed part of the mesosternum belongs to the mesosternannum. The suture along each lateral margin is a mesotrocasuture. The cephalic* mesosternannum* hyposternum* mesotrocasutures* caudad* mesocoxacava* mesal* mesosternannum* mesocoxa- cavae* meta'coxal* mesofurca* mesopleuradema* mesofurcella* mesofurcinae* mesosternellum* mesotrochantin* mesotrocoila* mesocoxella * * *" and so on to the end of the paragraph ! And so on for pages ! And so on for 380 pages ! The book might be designed as a study in morphologic homol- ogies. That, it is not, for no adequate studies of embryology or paleontology have been made to warrant such extensive treat- ments, and the material is so arranged in a running text that it would be difficult to discover any co-ordination which may exist. As a dictionary of terms employed, it is useless. Dictionaries are not written in solid text. Many of the terms are not of ac- cepted standing; they are either quite new, or unusual, or given new meanings. In regard to the latter, on page 254 appears the calm statement that by substituting the new term larvapod, the term proleg is thereby freed for use with an entirely ne\v meaning ! Worst of all, most of the technical terms are quite uncalled for. It is getting bad when we have to call a left leg of an insect a "sinistral leg." (At that point the word leg should have been displaced by a new derivative from the Greek, for an insect leg is really not homologous with the mammalian ap- pendage which is properly called a leg!) It is getting worsr when the left front leg has to be called the sinistral proleg, when XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33 the middle leg becomes the mesoleg, the hind leg the metaleg, etc., etc. And were I, an humble student, asked to draw the cephalic aspect of the dextral metaleg, I might be tempted to wonder what scientists were anyway, or I might use profanity, —unless my sense of humor survived ! In a very few hours' time one can teach a beginning student enough about the external anatomy of a particular family of insects to have him interpret the taxonomic literature on that group ; and that is about all the anatomy he needs in taxonomy until he is ready to make specialized studies in homologies be- tween diverse groups. After the initial lesson, I would engage his time with such exercises as would illustrate and drill him in the principles employed in making keen distinctions. These principles are worth while things in our science, and the only worth-while things beyond the practical utility of the subject in other fields of biology. Teach the student to recognize scant differences, to utilize obscure and varied data, to co- ordinate conflicting evidence, to know the inadequacies of con- clusions, the necessity for wary judgments. This training will do more to make him a good taxonomist than any number of pages of names of morphologic structures. This training will be of inestimable value to the student who enters other fields of research. More, it will be a training fit for the man who has no plans for further study of zoology or botany but who, in the every-day affairs of life, has need of knowing how to make judgments of just the sort which the taxonomist is continually making. — ALFRED C. KINSEY, Indiana University, Blooming- ton, Indiana. Doings of Societies. Entomological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Meeting held November 16, 1922. Director Philip Laurent presided ; nine persons present. MVRIOPODS. — Dr. Skinner read a letter about an infesta- tion by millipeds of a house at Haverford. Mr. Kisliuk reported an infestation of a field of introduced bleeding-hearts bv tin's pest working in the roots, the entire planting being destroyed. LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Williams made a brief communication on his researches in the lepidopterous family Hesperiidae, showing some important genitalic characteristics. DIPTERA. — Mr. Cresson spoke about some of the conspicuous 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 genitalic appendages of the dipterous family Micropezidae, showing a few of the more striking forms. Mr. Laurent commented on the diversity of terms used for the same parts of the genitalic structure. Meeting of December 11, 1922. Director Philip Laurent in the chair with 10 persons present. Mr. R. J. Titherington was nominated for membership. Dr. Calvert read a paper on the distribution of insects and some theories on evolution which was freely discussed by those present. The following Officers and Committee were elected to serve for the ensuing year: Director, Philip Laurent; Vice-Director, Roswell C. Williams ; Secretary, James A. G. Rehn, Recorder, Ezra T. Cresson, Jr. ; Treasurer, Ezra T. Cresson ; Conservator, Henry Skinner ; Publication Committee, E. T. Cresson, Philip P. Calvert, E. T. Cresson, Jr. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder. Meeting of Jan. 25, 1923. Vice Director R. C. Williams pre- sided ; five persons present. The chairman read a translation of a notice of the death of Dr. Kalman Kertesz, the distinguished Hungarian dipterist and Director of the National Hungarian Museum. HYMENOPTERA. — A letter from Mr. T. H. Frison, relative to the great value of the collection of Bremidae (Bombidae) at the Academy, was read. DIPTERA. — Mr. Hornig spoke regarding the presence and emergence of Mitsca domcstica on the city dumps as early as the 19th of this month. ORTHOPTERA. — The same speaker exhibited several slides of the egg-mass of Tcnodcra sinensis, sectioned, showing the method in which the eggs are placed within the mass. Mr. Rehn exhibited several boxes of specimens illustrating certain re- sults of the field work being done in the Orthoptera by Mr. Hebard and himself. Robert J. Titherington was elected a member. — J. A. G. REHN, Acting Recorder. Meeting of May 24, 1923. Vice-Director R. C. Williams, Jr., presided ; eleven persons present. Dr. Calvert made a brief communication on some earlv writ- J ers on American Entomology, particularly John Bartram and John Banister in and about the year 1700. ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn made a few remarks on a recently completed paper on the West Indian Blattidae. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 HYMENOPTERA. — Dr. Bradley gave a brief account of his work on a classification of the Hymenoptera, particularly men- tioning the ready co-operation given him by several of the world's foremost students in the order. He stated that so far a tentative classification has been reached regarding most of the families. The chair congratulated Dr. Bradley on his success in securing such effective co-operation and on the extent of progress made. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder. OBITUARY. MR. PHILIP XELL, who died at his home, 3619 North Mar- shall Street, Philadelphia, was elected an Associate of The En- tomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in 1891, and was a subscriber to this journal since its first number. From the time he was fifteen years of age he was passion- ately fond of natural history, particularly the study of ento- mology. After making a general collection for a number of years, he took a special interest in the microlepidoptera and made a large local collection. He was noted for unusual skill in mounting these small and delicate moths. He also made ex- cellent mounting boards, being very handy with tools and made his own boxes for the collection. For a long time he printed pin labels for those interested. Mr. Nell was a jeweler by trade, but later was connected with the White Dental Company of this city where he was employed twenty-seven years. He was born in Philadelphia, June 17th, 1857 and died from nephritis, after a short illness, November 7th, 1923, and buried in Northwood cemetery.— HENRY SKINNER. EDGAR LEEK DICKKRSON It is with deep regret and a sense of personal loss that I record the death of my friend, Edgar Leek Dickerson, on October 30, 1923, in St. Mary's Hospital, Passaic. New Jersey, following an operation. Kurial was made on November 2 in the familv plot at Chester, New Jersey. lie is survived by his wife, son, mother and two 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '24 Mr. Dickerson was born in Newark, New Jersey, on January 13, 1878, and graduated from the Newark High School in 1898 and from Rutgers College in 1902. According to the minutes of the executive committee of the New Jersey State Board of Agriculture for June 13, 1902, he was appointed as assistant for the summer months to Doctor John B. Smith, State Ento- mologist. This appointment was made permanent on May 7, 1903, according to the minutes of the committee for that date. From this time until 1911 he was closely associated with Doctor Smith and with the economic entomology of New Jersey. In the reports of the Entomological Department of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station from 1902 to 1911 frequent mention is made of Mr. Dickerson's entomological ac- tivities and duties. In 1911 he resigned and entered the bio- logical department of the Barringer High School, Newark, New Jersey. From here he went in February, 1912, to the Central High School of Newark, where he taught until the time of his death, becoming head of the Department of Biological Sciences and Commercial Geography about 1918 or 1919. Mr. Dickerson was an ardent collector whenever opportunity afforded and many of the Chester, New Jersey, and other rec- ords in Insects of New Jersey are due to Mr. Dickerson's ac- tivities. During the months of July and August from 1912 until 1915 he was employed by the New Jersey State Board of Agri- culture and from 1916 to 1919 by the New Jersey State Depart- ment of Agriculture in nursery inspection work dealing both with insects and plant diseases and during this work it was my privilege to spend many pleasant days in Mr. Dickerson's com- pany, collecting insects in various parts of New Jersey and mak- ing observations which were subsequently written up and pub- lished. During recent years Mr. Dickerson's interest turned to the Cicadellidae and the distribution of this family in New Jersey, and most of his collecting was done in this group. It was his intention to revise the New Jersey list of these insects when enough material had accumulated and to treat them from a standpoint of geographical distribution. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS During his connection with the State Board of Agriculture, he frequently spoke at Farmers' Institutes on economic insects and lectured on entomology in the Short Courses in Agricul- ture. In addition to his interest in entomology, Mr. Dickerson took considerable interest in civic affairs and was chairman of the Shade Tree Commission in Nutley, New Jersey, where he lived, a member of the consistory of the Franklin Reformed Church of Nutley and chairman of the building committee of the church Community House. He rarely missed a meeting of the New York Entomological Society and often presented papers and took part in the discussions. He was a member of this society for some eighteen years and secretary in 1911. At the time of his death he was a member of the Delta Upsilon Fra- ternity, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Economic Entomologists, En- tomological Society of America, New York Entomological Soc- ciety, Brooklyn Entomological Society, New Jersey Microscop- ical Society, New Jersey Science Teachers' Association, and the Newark High School Teachers' Association. Mr. Dickerson was the author of some twenty-live papers on entomology which are listed below. Papers by Mr. E. L. Dickerson. 1904. The Chinese mantis, Tcnodcra sincnsis in New Jersey. Rept. Ent. Dept. N. J. Agric. Exp. Sta. pp. 585-587.' 1907. The cabbage and onion maggots, with J. B. Smith. Bull. 200 N. J. Agric. Exp. Sta. pp. 1-48. 1910. Notes on Rhvnchitcs bicolor Fabr. Jour. Econ. Ent. Vol. 3, pp. 316-317. 1912. The Work of Professor John B. Smith in Economic En- tomology. Proc. Staten Is. Asso. Art. & Sci. Vol. IV, Parts I & II, Oct. 1911-May, 1912, pp. 17-24. 1916. Notes on Lcpto\pha iiuttica Say.* Ent. News XXVII, 308-310. 1916. The Ash leaf bug. Ncoborus ainocnus* Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XXIV, 302-306. 1917. Ps\Iliti bu.ri Linn, in New Jersey.* Ent. News XXVII, 40-41. 1917. The azalea lace-bug, Stcf>lierlese. b2. Bifurcations, or branches, of tergal apodemes of ab- domen broad and conspicuous for most of the large ab- dominal segments. c1. Total length when segments are extended to maximum but little over one millimeter ; rostrum short, not over half as long as the distance be- tween the pseudoculi A. cominis Ewing. c2. Total length when segments are extended to maximum considerably over one-and-one-half millimeters ; rostrum long and very sharp-pointed, about as long as the distance between the pseudo- culi. d1. Seventh tergal apodeme of abdomen either unbranched, or at most seen to be indistinctly j branched when viewed laterally ; head, exclu- sive of the rostrum, not over one-and-three- fourths times as long as broad A. dodero'i Silvestri. d2. Seventh tergal apodeme of abdomen typical of those in front of it being broadly forked laterally and the posterior ramus thus formed being again forked ; head, exclusive of the rostrum, twice as long as broad A. auicricaninn Ewing. The other two species taken in Florida are Accrcntnloidcs bi- color Ewing and Eoscntoiiwn minimum Fwing. Of the former species, two females were collected, of the latter, one female. Again the absence of males and nymphs is noted. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 An Annotated List of the Ants of Mississippi (Hym.). By M. R. SMITH, A. and M. College, Mississippi. The need for lists of insects common to certain localities is becoming more appreciated each day. Not only are accurate lists almost indispensable to the systematist but they are also the source of much help to the economic entomologist. This list, although not complete by any means, is being published with the idea that it will make known to some extent the character- istic ant fauna of the Gulf States ; an area in which there has never been any consistent collecting for ants until recently. The ant fauna of the South Eastern and the South Western States is fairly well known, so this list will tend to bridge the inter- vening gap. The genera best represented in Mississippi are Phcidolc, Crc- iihitogaster and Cainponotits, others such as Mynnica, Pogono- inynnc.v, Tapinoma, etc., have only one species. Of the 76 species, subspecies and varieties recorded in this paper, 7 are imported species, namely: Monomorvum pharaonis, Tctranwrium guineense, Prenolepis longicornis, Iridomyrmcx kumilis, Solcnopsis rufa, Phcidole fioridana and Camponotns socius. Two of the species mentioned, Iridomyrmcx humilis and Mononwrium pharaonis are of considerable economic im- portance as house ants. This list also includes two new species of Colobopsis and one new variety of Aphuenogaster which have recently been found in Mississippi. The writer could enlarge this list by adding species which will no doubt be taken in the state in later years, but since there are always chances for errors in doing this, he prefers to list only the species which are definitely known to occur in Miss- issippi. The species here listed, include specimens collected by the writer, those given him by friends, and specimens in the collec- tions of the Mississippi A. and M. College. The writer par- ticularly wishes to acknowledge here the kind assistance of Mr. Andrew Fleming, who has furnished numerous specimens and notes. 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 Dr. W. M. Wheeler has very kindly aided the writer by de- termining a number of the more difficult species. Professor R. W. Harnecl has offered much encouragement and been very generous in the allotment of time for such work. Family FORMICIDAE. Subfamily PONERINAE. 1. — Ponera trigona Mayr. var. opacior Forel. A. and M. College. This uniform, brownish colored species has been taken a number of times here at the college ; no doubt it occurs throughout the state. P. opacior nests under logs in the woods where there is plenty of moisture available. The ants are very timid and not always easy to capture. This ant may be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the worker having her .eyes located near the anterior fourth of the head; joints 3-6 of the antennal funiculi are much broader than long. 2. — P. coarctata Latr. subsp. pennsylvanica Buckley. This ant has been reported by Mayr to occur in Mississippi, but so far the writer has not been able to take it in the state, although he has collected in various localities. P. pennsylvanica is somewhat larger than the species men- tioned above and may be distinguished from it by the very dis- tinct punctation of the head and by the darker color of the body, usually black. It is a very common ant in the Northern and North-eastern States where it lives under stones, logs, or leaf mold in the woods in the presence of abundant moisture. Subfamily MYRMICINAE 3. — Pseudomyrma brunnea F. Smith. Gulf port ; Sibley ; Ocean Springs. This ant has been found nesting in the twigs of white ash, Fra.rinits aincricana, and in the twigs of the so-called China berry tree, Alelia slzcdantcli. Very little is known concerning its habits but it is believed to feed principally on honey dew. This and the other species of Pseudomyrma appear to occur only in the lower part of the state. P. brunnea., as its name indicates, is a brownish colored species which may be easily distinguished by its distinct colora- tion. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49 4.— P. pallida F. Smith. Pascagoula ; Union City: Sibley. This ant has been found to nest in the twigs of China berry trees also. It most probably nests in the stems of other trees and plants. The writer has for some time believed that this and the fol- lowing species are the same, flavidula being nothing more than a nest variety. Specimens from numerous nests show consider- able variation in color, ranging from the pale yellow of pallida, without spots at the base of the abdomen, to the distinct yellow of flavidula which has a definite black spot on each side of the base of the abdomen. If these two species should prove to be the same, flavidula would become a synonym of pallida since the latter species was described at an earlier date. 5.— P. flavidula F. Smith. Bay St. Louis ; Gulfport ; Sibley. Nests of this ant have been found in the twigs of China berry, pecan, swamp dogwood, white ash, etc. The habits of this species are like those of the two Pseudomyrmae mentioned above. 6. — Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr. A. and M. College; Fulton; Tupelo. This species usually nests in galls or twigs but has been reported to nest in decaying wood. Workers are very often seen licking up honev dew on the leaves of trees and plants. It is one of the most common species of Leptothorax in Mississippi. L. curvispinosus is a small, yellowish ant with characteristic, long, curving, thoracic spines from which the ant gets its name. A dark spot is present near the base on each side of the first gastric segment. 7. — L. fortinodis Mayr. A. and M. College; Okolona ; Rara-Avis ; Tupelo; Sibley. Without doubt this is the most common species of Lcptothora.v in Mississippi. The ants nest in oaks and other trees and can be found crawling up and down the trunks or entering small holes in the bark. This species can be distinguished from the other species of Lcptot/iora.r here mentioned by its dark or blackish color, ab- sence of the meso-epinotal constriction, the presence of short, 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 dentiform, thoracic spines and the rather prominently enlarged petiole. 8. — L. schaumi Roger. A. and M. College. This pretty, yellowish red species has been taken on numerous occasions here at the College. The ants have been collected from oak logs and oak trees. Evidently this species has the same nesting habits as L. fortinodis.. A nest found in a niche of a dead cottonwood tree contained 31 work- ers, 2 queens, and a number of larvae. L. schaumi is closely related to fortinodis in general appear- ance and habits. It may be separated from the latter by its yellowish red color, and its much smaller petiole. Schaumi like fortinodis has no distinct meso-epinotal constriction. 9. — L. (Dichothorax) pergandei Emery. A. and M. College. This is distinctly a ground-nesting species, the workers of which may be easily confused with the workers of Phcidolc upon superficial examination. Because the workers forage singly their nest is hard to locate. L. pergandei can be distinguished from the other ants of this genus by its 12-jointed antennae, pronounced meso-epinotal con- striction, and by the abundance of long white hairs covering the body. 10. — Aphaenogaster treatae Forel. A. and M. College ; Rara-Avis. Nests of this ant are con- structed in the ground in shady places. The workers forage singly, feeding on smaller insects, etc. Because of their slender build they can run very rapidly and for that reason are ex- ceedingly hard to capture. The worker is easily recognized by the prominent lobe at the base of the antennal scape. 11. — A. treatae subsp. harnedi Whir. Caesar. This subspecies, which was named for Professor R. W. Harned, is distinguished from treatae by its much shorter and narrower antennal lobes and by the more opaque colora- tion of the thorax, petiole, post-petiole and basal half of the first gastric segment. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 12. — A. fulva Roger. Median Junction ; Rara-Avis. Nests of this species are built in rotten logs in dense forests. This species does not seem to be as common in Mississippi as trcatac. A. fulva is a slender, reddish brown ant with epinotal spines which are about one half the length of the base of the epinotum. 13. — A. mariae Forel. Rara-Avis. Only one specimen of this rare species has been taken in the state. A. mariae is thought to be parasitic on A. fulva and its varieties. This species can be distinguished from any of the other Apliacnogastcrs by the base of the first gastric segment being longitudinally striated. 14. — A. lamellidens Mayr. var. nigripes Smith. A. and M. College ; Columbus. This variety has nesting habits similar to those of A. lamellidens. This is a variety of the species which may be easily recognized by its distinctly dark colored legs. 15.— Monomcrium minimum Buckley. A. and M. College ; Greenville ; Yazoo City ; Sibley. This little, shining black species is very widely distributed through- out the" state. It may be found nesting in the soil, trees, rot- ten logs, and houses. The workers feed on honey dew and on smaller insects. "The tiny black ant," as it is called, is one of the most common house-infesting species that we have in Mississippi. According to housekeepers, the ants show a pref- erence for greasy foods, such as meat, lard, butter, etc. 16. — M. pharaonis Linn. Columbus ; A. and M. College. This imported species is well distributed throughout the state. Unlike minimum, it lives only in greenhouses, dwellings, stores, etc., and is never found nesting in the open, so far as the writer knows. It is a very common house-infesting ant. M. pharaonis can be easily separated from minimum by its distinct, pale yellowish color. It is commonly called "the tiny red ant," or "Pharaoh's ant." There is an infuscated spot on 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 each side of the base of the first abdominal segment. This species bears a superficial resemblance to Solenopsis molcsta but may be distinguished from that species by its larger size and by the fact that it possesses a three- jointed antennal club instead of a two- jointed club like molest a. 17. — Trachymyrmex septentrionalis subsp. obscurior var. seminole Whir. Columbus; A. and M. College. This is the only fungus- growing ant known in the state and is easily recognized by the numerous tubercules and spines on the body of the workers. Nests are constructed in sandy soils in shady locations. The nests, which are most common in the early spring months, can be identified by the crescentic shaped mass of excavated earth which is placed from a foot to a foot and a half from the en- trance to the nest. Oak catkins, caterpillar excrement, etc., is used by the workers on which to cultivate the fungus and, so far as is known, the ants depend entirely on this as a source of food. Later in the year the extreme hot weather causes the ants to plug the gallery to their nests in order to prevent evap- oration of the moisture, since the ants and the fungus are en- tirely dependent on excessive moisture for their growth and development. 18. — Myrmica scabrinodis subsp. schencki, var. emeryana Forel. Rara-Avis. This is the only species of Myrmica known to occur in Mississippi. A number of workers were collected in a low, damp spot in the hilly northeastern section of the state. This species can be easily recognized by its very distinct ru- gose head and thorax and by the exceedingly large lobes at the base of the antennal scapes. 19. — Pogonomyrmex badius Latr. Lucedale ; Gulfport; Laurel; Star; Clara; Ocean Springs. This ant is commonly known as "The Florida Harvester" be- cause of the fact that the workers feed principally on seeds. It is the only species of Pogonomyrmex known to occur in Miss- issippi. The nests are fairly large mounds usually constructed XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. in sandy areas. The workers can sting severely and this species is without doubt our worst stinging ant. This ant seems to be confined altogether to the central and southern part of the state. "The Florida Harvester" is a large reddish ant with heavily striated head and thorax. The epinotum is bare of spines. 20. — Pheidole pilifera Roger. A. and M. College. This is not a very common ant in this locality being more strictly a northern form. Nests are built in pastures or grassy spots in fields. The workers are known to store seed in the nest for food. Soldiers of this species have exceedingly large heads, so large that their heads are out of proportion to their bodies ; this will serve to distinguish them from any of the other Phcidolcs which occur in Mississippi. They bear a closer resemblance to P. si- tarches rnfcsccns than to any other species of the genus in Mississippi. 21. — P. sitarches subsp. rufescens \Yhlr. A. and M. College. This is a much more common species than the one just mentioned above. Sitarches, although re- sembling pilifera somewhat in color and structure, lacks the exceedingly large head which is common to pilifera. This is also a soil nesting species, with habits similar to those of pilifera. Sitarches is a reddish, opaque colored species with head, thorax, petiole and post petiole bearing abundant, closely set punctures. 22. — P. morrisi var. vanceae Forel. Starkville ; Sturgis. Nests of this species are always built at the base of clumps of grass, usually of the genus Andropogon. When the nest is disturbed, numerous workers and soldiers rush forth angrily. Occasionally they get on the collector's hands and when they nip the flesh in a tender place the bite is rather notice- able. It is by far the most courageous species of Pheidole in Mississippi. The soldiers of this species can be easily recognized by the vestigial spines on the epinotum and by the presence of abundant hairs over all portions of the body. 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 23. — P. crassicornis Emery. McHenry. This does not seem to be a common species in Mississippi, at least not in tbe eastern part of the state, where the writer has done most of the collecting. It probably nests under stones and logs and feeds on insects. P. crassicornis, as its name indicates, may be distinguished from the other species of Phcidolc in this state by the distinctly flattened antennal scapes and by the deep reddish color of the head and thorax of the soldier. 24. — P. vinelandica Forel. A. and M. College; Tunica; Decatur. This is one of the smallest members of the genus in Mississippi, and one of our most common ants. Nests are constructed in the soil and the earth thrown out to form a small crater, which is about an inch in diameter. The workers feed on insects and small seeds. Because of her small size there is no danger of confusing the soldier of vinelandica with the soldier of any other Phcidolc except noridana. The latter species has a deeply punctate thorax which vinelandica does not have. Vinelandica has a much larger and broader head in proportion to the body and also has very prominent thoracic angles. (To be continued) A New Southern Tachinid Fly (Diptera.) By H. J. REINHARD, Texas Experiment Station, College Station, Texas. Cuphocera aurifrons n. sp. $ . Black, grayish, pollinose, thorax and abdomen sub-shining, length 9 to 12 mm. Eyes bare. Head slightly wider than thorax, diameter at vibrissae much shorter than at base of an- tennae. Sides of front opaque, yellowish, pollinose, clothed with long fine erect hairs. Vitta rather obscure, yellow, narrow at vertex, widening at base of antennae. Front at narrowest point about one and one- fourth times as wide as either eye. Basal joints of antennae yellow, third brown or blackish, except on base and inner side. The latter joint broad and decidedly rounded on the front edge, at most but slightly longer than second. Arista black, rather short, thickened almost to tip, second joint elongated. All macrochaetae of head strong. Or- bital bristles absent. Ocellars usually absent, but occasionally XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. represented by weak proclinate bristles. Inner and outer ver- ticals equal, the inner pair strongly cruciate. Frontals in two rows on each side, diverging below and descending almost level with apex of second antenna! joint. Median depression, geiiae. and sides of face silverv white. The latter at the lower corner j of the eye bearing two macrochaetae more or less surrounded by short black hairs which extend upward to lowest frontals in an irregular row along margin of the eye. Yibrissae strong. cruciate, situated slightly above the prominent front border of oral margin. Facial ridges practically bare. Cheeks nearly four-fifths the eye height, sparsely covered with black bristles and bearing a row of macrochaetae along the oral margin. Beard dense, short and whitish in color. Proboscis moderately long, once geniculate, distal segment ridged, brownish-black, shining. Labella small, brown or yellowish. Palpi absent. Thorax grayish, pollinose, with four distinct vittae, the inner pair narrow and becoming obsolete near middle of dorsum, the outer pair more conspicuous, broadly interrupted at the suture. Postsutural dorsocentral bristles three, sternopleurals three. Pleurae cinereous, pollinose. Scutellum gray, pollinose, yellow apically, with three pairs of long, marginal macrochaetae and a shorter, cruciate, apical pair. Abdomen ovate, white pollinose, dorsum with reflecting spots. First three segments black, sides of second and third occasionally tinged with yellow, last segment rufous. All ma- crochaetae marginal, except on last segment, which bears a dis- cal and sub-discal row. Legs dark, thinly pollinose, coxae, knees and tibiae vellowi>h. bristles on the outer side of middle tibiae, unusuallv long. Hind tibiae not ciliate. Pulvilli tawny, front pair nearly as long as last tarsal joint, claws elongate. Wings grayish, hyaline, costal spine obsolete. First posterior cell narrowly open, terminating far before wing tip. Veins yellow. Third vein bristly almost or quite to small crossvein. all others bare. Hind cross vein oblique, posterior end at less than one-third the distance from bend to small cn»s\ein. I'.cnd of fourth vein angular, with a very short stump or distinct fold. Calypteres whitish, tinged with faint yellow alon^ the border. 9. Similar to male differing as follows: Front distinctly wider, orbital bristles present, and the outer row of frontal bristles reduced to one or two posteriorly directed macrochaetae situated between the inner row and the orbitals. Pulvilli short. 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 Described from many specimens of both sexes, collected at College Station, May-November, 1917-23 (H. J. Reinhard). Type : Male, deposited in the U. S. National Museum. This species probably has been confused with fucata v. d. W. described from Mexico. Coquillett, in his Revision, p. 140, re- ferred several northern specimens here, but unfortunately none of these are available for comparison. Subsequent to the pub- lication of bus paper he added the following note, "sides of front opaque." In Biol. Cent. Amer., Vol. II, p. 476, van der Wulp described fucata as having front laterally shining bluish- black and third antennal joint twice as long as the second. These characters do not agree with any specimens of the series from which this species has been described. Notes on the False Indigo Lace Bug, Gelchossa heidemanni Osborn and Drake, in New Jersey (Hemip. : Tingitidae). By HARRY B. WEISS and ERDMAN WEST, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Smith (Insects of New Jersey, p. 149) records this species under the name Leptostyla oblonga from several localities in New Jersey and these together with the localities listed by Bar- ber (Circ. 54, N. J. Dept. Agric. 1922) indicate rather a wide distribution in the state. As a matter of fact the species is dis- tributed over a large part of the United States, occurring on the false indigo Baptisia tinctoria L. Osborn and Drake (Ting, of Ohio. Ohio Biol. Survey Bull. 8, Vol. II, No. 4, p. 238, 1916) cite localities in Arkansas, Washington, District of Columbia, and Massachusetts. McAtee (Bull. Hrook. Ent. Soc. Vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 63-64, 1917) states that it is common about Wash- ington, D. C., and mentions also the states of Massachusetts, New Jersey and Louisiana. In the Hciniptcra of Connec- ticut (p. 705) it is listed as occurring at several places. Parshley records it from several localities in Massachusetts in his Fauna of Nezv England, Hemiptera-Heteroptera, (Oc- cas. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. His. VII). Van Duzee (Cat. Hem. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Amer. No. Mex. p. 218, 1917) gives its distribution as Mas-a chusetts, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia. Maryland and Arkansas. Nothing appears to have been recorded concerning its lift- history and the following notes relating to observations made mainly at Monmouth Junction but also at South Amboy, Hor- nerstown, Prospertown, Lahaway and High Bridge, New Jer- sey, supply some of this information. In the central portion of New Jersey overwintering adults appear about the last week of May and persist in more or less plentiful numbers until about the middle of June. As a rule the adults inhabit the lower surfaces of the leaves and do noticeable feeding, causing white areas to appear on the upper surfaces. Eggs are deposited during the last of May and first part of June and the young nymphs become plentiful about the middle of June. By the last of June and first week of July many last stage nymphs are in evidence and adults issue shortly afterwards, becoming num- erous from the beginning of the second week of July until tin- end of the month. There is apparently only one brood and the adults gradually disappear during August. The eggs are deposited singly, or in irregular groups of two or three, in the lower tissue of the leaf either near or away from the midrib. Each egg is embedded well in the tissue with the long axis of the iejB^parallel with the leaf surface and with only the truncated, oval end of the neck of the egg visible as it projects slightly beyond or remains Hush with the leaf surface. These oval ends resemble stomata somewhat and are similar in color to the leaf. After hatching the voting nymphs appear to feed close to the midrib, assuming a position as a rule, parallel to this part of the leaf. As thev become older they feed in colonies of 10 or 12 on the lower surface, although many leave- may contain more and some only 1 or 2 nymphs. Usuallv both adult and nymphal feeding is well scattered over the plant. In severe infestations, which often occur, every leaf is white and hundreds of whitish nymphs and adults inhabit each plant. Such a condition existed at I'rospi-rtown. X. |., on July 18. when hundreds of adults and a very few last Mage nymph- were 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 observed on the whitened plants. Five nymphal stages were observed and the following descriptions indicate the changes which take place in the development of the insect from egg to adult. Egg. Length 0.39 mm. Width 0.1 mm. Smooth, yellowish- white, translucent, somewhat cylindrical, flask-shaped with the broad neck-like portion bent to one side. Truncate end of neck- like part suboval, opposite end broadly rounded with diameter slightly less than that of middle portion of egg. First Stage Nymph. Width of head including eyes 0.1 mm. Length about 0.45 mm. White or white slightly tinged with yellow. Subrectangular, pointed at anterior and posterior ends. Antennae slender, 4-jointed, as long or almost as long as body. Eyes lateral, red, consisting of 5 distinct ommatidia. Head, thorax and abdomen subequal in width. Prothorax twice as long as mesothorax ; remainder of thoracic and abdominal seg- ments subequal in length. Legs long, whitish. Sheath of ros- trum reaching to between the third pair of legs. Armature similar to that of the third stage. Triangular group of three spines on the head, the two spines on the posterior margin of the head and the single median, dorsal, abdominal spines quite pronounced ; remainder minute. Second Stage N \niph. Width of head including eyes 0.15 mm. Length about 0.72 mm. Shape suboval or elliptical. Whitish except for large spines which are brownish. Antennae, eyes, legs, etc., similar to those of preceding stage. Tip of ros- trum reaching to between the third pair of legs. Spines minute, similar in position to those of the third stage ; the pair on the posterior margin of the head and the single, median, dorsal spines on abdominal segments 2, 5, 6 and 8 being comparatively long and prominent. Third Stage Nymph. Width of head including eyes 0.2 mm. Length about 0.95 mm. Shape elongate-oval or elliptical, sides subparallel, converging acutely anteriorly and posteriorly. Whit- ish except for portions of legs, pair of spines on head and long, median dorsal spines on abdomen which are brownish. An- tennae slender, 4-jointed, almost as long as body, third joint longer than other three combined. Eyes lateral, prominent, red, consisting of several ommatidia. Head sub-globular. Prothorax wider than head, subrectangular in shape and about as long as mesothorax. Mesothorax subrectangular. slightly wider than prothorax. Metathorax about one-half as long as mesothorax. Head bearing three rather prominent, median spines, arranged triangularly, also a median pair of long spines on the posterior xxxv, '24] I:\TOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 edge. Prothorax with two pairs of small, median, dorsal spines, one pair posterior to the other and a single spine on each lateral edge. Mesothorax witli pair of median, dorsal spines and a single spine on each lateral edge. Metathorax with a minute pair of median, dorsal spines. First abdominal segment with a minute pair of median, dorsal spines. Second abdominal seg- ment with a single, prominent, median, dorsal spine. Abdom- inal segments 5, 6 and 8 each with a rather prominent single, median, dorsal spine. Single lateral spines on abdominal seg- ments 1 to 9, those on segments 1 to 3 being minute and the remainder quite pronounced. Kach spine arising from a tuber- culate base and bearing a minute hair at or near tip. Tip of rostrum reaching to between the third pair of legs. Legs com- paratively long. Fourth Stage Nymph. Width of head including eyes 0.25 mm. Length about 1.4 mm. Similar in shape and color to pre- ceding stage. Spines more pronounced. Armature similar to that of preceding stage except that lateral spines are absent from the first abdominal segment. Wing pads of mesothorax sub- oval, extending laterally slightly beyond edges of mesothorax and posteriorly to or slightly beyond the first abdominal seg- ment: Tip of rostrum extending to between second pair of legs. Fifth Stage Nymph. Width of head including eyes 0.3 mm. Length about 1.8 mm. Color white except as noted. Shape elongate-oval or subelliptical. Antennae almost as long as body, light brown, sparsely hairy, hairs minute ; 4-jointed, third joint longer than the other three combined. Eyes prominent, lateral, red, consisting of numerous ommatidia. Head subglolmlar, bearing a minute tubercle bet ween the base of each antenna and eye, also three rather prominent, median spines arranged tri- angularly and a pair of prominent spines on median portion of posterior margin. Prothorax somewhat shield-shaped, anterior margin trans- verse, sides projecting outward slightly, posterior margin end- ing in an obtusely angled point; anterior margin bearing a pair of small median spines which are white ; prothorax bearing a pair of dorsal, median spines and one spine at each posterior, lateral angle. Lateral edgc> <>f prothorax bearing minute hairs or spine-like hairs. Mesothorax partly covered by posterior projection of prothorax and bearing a pair of prominent, med- ian, dorsal spines on posterior edge. Wing pads of mesothorax elongate, narrow, projecting back to fifth abdominal segment. Wing pads of metathorax slightly longer. Mesothoracic wing pad bears a prominent spine on lateral edge about beginning of posterior third; anterior to this spine along the lateral edge are 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 several spine-like hairs. Metathorax with a dorsal, median pair of greatly reduced white spines or tubercles. Lateral edges of abdomen slightly margined, anal segment tubular. First abdominal segment bears a pair of median, dorsal, greatly reduced spines or tubercles. Prominent median, dorsal spines on abdominal segments 2. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the one on the seventh segment sometimes being absent. Single spines on posterior lateral edges of abdominal segments 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. All spines on body dark or dark-tipped except the two, median, dorsal, prothoracic pairs, and the lateral, abdominal spines on segments 4 to 8, which are white. Sometimes the median, dorsal spine on the fifth abdominal segment is white. All spines except lateral, abdominal ones are directed vertically or nearly so. Legs long whitish or slightly browned, bearing a few minute hairs. Tip of rostrum reaching almost to between the second and third pair of legs. Minute spines present on lateral edges of abdominal segments 2 and 3 which were present in stage four are missing in stage 5. Adult. This was described by Osborn and Drake in 1916 (Ohio Biol. Survey Hull. 8, Vol. II, No. 4, p. 238) and need not be repeated here. Van Duzee in his Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico places hcidcnmiini O. & D., as a synonym of Leptostyla clitoriae Heid., but both are distinct species. Moreover the eggs of clitoriae as described by Heidemann ( Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. XIII, p. 137) are ovate, black and deposited upright on the under leaf surface of Cli- toria mariana, whereas the eggs of heidemanni are of a different shape and embedded in the leaf tissue of Baptisia tinctoria. Parshley in the Hciniptcra of Connecticut (P. 705) and McAtee (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. Vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 63-64, 1917) state that Mr. Heidemann's cabinet name for the species was L. affinis and Parshley further states that the species has usually been referred to as oblonya Say. Drake ( Mem. Carn. Mus. Vol. IX, No. 2, p. 372, 1922) writes that the genus Lcf>- tostyla was first established in 1864 by Paolo Lioy for a genus of Mnscidae (Diptera) and has priority over Leptostyla Stal, 1873 (Hemiptera). This was recognized by Kirkaldy in 1904 (Entom. XXX VII, p. 280) who proposed the name Gclchassa. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 61 Undescribed Crane-Flies from Argentina (Dipt. : Tipulidae). Part VIII. By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts. The four new species of Dicranomyia described at this time were collected in the Province of Cordoba by Dr. Bruch, and in the Province of Jujuy by Engineer Weiser, to both of whom I am greatly indebted for numerous specimens of Argentinian Tipulidae. The types are preserved in the writer's collection through the kindness of the collectors. Dicranomyia flavofascialis sp. n. Antennae with the scalpal segments obscure brownish yel- low, the flagellum dark brown ; head with a grayish yellow bloom ; mesonotum dark reddish brown, the praescutum with three, brownish black stripes ; scutal lobes brownish black ; pleura largely dark brown ; femora with the tips broadly yel- low and with a more or less distinct subapical brown ring ; wings yellowish subhyaline ; stigma and indistinct seams along the cord and outer end of cell istM2 darker; vein Sc short; abdomen dark brown, the segments ringed caudally with yellow- ish. $ . Length 8.2-8.5 mm. ; wing 9.4-10 mm. 9 . Length 8.5-10.5 mm.; wing 8.5-11.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scapal segments obscure brownish yellow ; flagellar segments oval, dark brown. Head dark with a greyish yellow bloom ; vertex between eyes narrow. Mesonotal praescutum dark reddish brown with three, brown- ish black stripes, the median stripe broad, becoming indistinct before the suture ; scutum pale medially, the lobes brownish black ; scutellum yellowish medially, the lateral margins brown- ish black ; postnotum dark brown, the lateral margins narrowly obscure yellow. Pleura dark brown, the dorsal margin of the sternopleurite more yellowish ; remainder of sternopleurite dark brown. Halteres pale brown, the knobs and distal half of the stem brown. Legs with the coxae obscure yellow, the outer faces more or less darkened ; trochanters dull yellow ; femora pale brown with the tips broadly and conspicuously light yellow, preceded by a dark brown ring ; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings yellowish subhyaline ; stigma suboval, brown ; narrow and very indistinct seams along the cord and outer end of cell ist M 2 ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc short, ending op- posite or slightly before the origin of Rs, Sc2 a short distance 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 from the tip, Scl alone being about equal to the outer deflec- tion of M3 ; Rs about one-half longer than the deflection of R4-+5; cell ist M2 closed; basal deflection of Cul at the fork of M or nearly so. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the posterior margins of the segments conspicuously and broadly ringed with dull yellow ; sternites obscure yellowish brown, similarly ringed with yellow. Holotype: $ , La Granja, Alta Gracia, Cordoba, April 1-8, 1920, (C. Bruch). Allot opotype : 5. Paratopotypes : 30 $ 9. Dicranomyia flavofascialis is closely related to D. andicola (Alexander) but is readily told by the darker coloration of the thorax and abdomen, the less distinct brown pattern on the wings, and the subterminal brown ring on the femora. Dicranomyia patruelis sp. n. Antennae dark brown, the first scapal segment obscure brownish yellow ; flagellar segments oval ; head light brown ; mesonotum obscure yellow, the praescutum with three, broad, dark brown stripes; scutellum dark brown with a pale median line; halteres long and slender; legs uniformly brown; wings yellowish subhyaline, the stigma pale brownish yellow ; Sc short, cell rst M2 closed ; abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown. $ . Length 8 mm. ; wing 9 mm. $ . Length 9 mm. ; wing 10 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown, the former elongate. An- tennae with the basal segment obscure brownish yellow, the remainder of the organ dark brown, the flagellar segments oval. Head light brown, somewhat narrowed behind. Pronotum long and narrow, dark brown above, paler later- ally. Mesonotal praescutum shiny obscure yellow with a broad, dark brown, median stripe that becomes bifid and obliterated shortly before the suture ; lateral stripes not well indicated ; scutum whitish, each lobe dark brown ; scutellum dark brown, with a capillary pale median vitta ; postnotum dark brown, paler laterally. Halteres long and slender, dark brown, the base of the stem paler. Legs with the coxae obscure yellow, the fore coxae darker ; trochanters obscure yellow ; femora light brown ; remainder of the legs darker brown. Wings yellowish subhyaline, the stigma very pale brownish yellow ; veins brown. Venation : Sc 1 ending just before the ori- gin of Rs, Sc2 some distance before this tip,. Scl alone being a little longer than the basal deflection of Ml+2; Rs about one- XXXV, '24 I ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.\YS. 63 third longer than the deflection of R4~+5 ; tip of Rl beyond r in- distinct ; cell ist M2 closed, subrectangular ; basal deflection of Cu\ much shorter than Cu2, placed just beyond the fork of M . Abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown ; sternites uni- formly obscure brownish yellow, the terminal segments a little darker. Holotype: $, La Granja, Alta Gracia, Cordoba, April 1-8, 1920, (C. Bruch). Allotopotype : 5. Dicranomyia patrnclis is closely allied to D. flavofascialis but is readily told by the uniform femora and abdomen, the subhyaline wings with the stigma pale, and the different colora- tion of the body. Dicranomyia globulicornis sp. n. Antennae uniformly dark brown, the basal flagellar seg- ments subglobular ; head grayish brown, the orbits clearer gray ; mesonotum yellowish buff, the praescutum with four, narrow, brownish gray stripes, the scutellum and postnotum whitish, pruinose ; legs brown ; wings hyaline, highly iridescent ; stigma pale brown ; Sc short, Sc2 far before the tip of Sc 1 ; cell ist M2 closed ; abdominal segments uniformly brown. $ . Length about 5.8 mm. ; wing 6.5-6.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown ; rostrum slightly produced. Antennae dark brown throughout, the basal five or six seg- ments of the flagellum nearly globular, the succeeding segments passing into oval, the terminal segments elongate. Head gray- ish brown, the orbits broadly paler gray; head strongly nar- rowed behind ; vertex between eyes wide. Pronotum large, dark brown medially, paler laterally. Meso- notal praescutum yellowish buff with four, narrow, brownish gray stripes, the intermediate pair narrowly separated and not attaining the suture ; scutum pale grayish white medially, the centers of the lobes dark brownish gray ; scutellum and post- notum pale, covered with a sparse white bloom. Pleura pale reddish yellow, covered with a sparse white bloom. Halteres short, pale, the knobs indistinctly darker. Legs with the coxae shiny reddish brown ; trochanters ob- scure yellow ; femora pale brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs brown. Wings hyaline, highly iridescent ; stigma pale brown ; veins brown. Venation : Sc short, Scl ending before the origin of A'.v, the distance about equal to ;;;; Sc2 far from the tip of Scl, the latter vein alone thus being very long, only a little shorter than Rs and a little longer than the deflection of R4+5 ; cell ist .1/2 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 closed ; in about two-thirds the outer deflection of M3 ; basal deflection of Cu\ longer than Cu2, placed at or before the fork of M. Abdomen uniformly brown, the tergites a little darker colored. Holotype: $, Tilcara, Province of Jujuy, March 20, 1920, (V. Weiser). Paratopotype : $. Dicranomyia jujuyensis sp. n. Mesonotal praescutum with an obscure yellow median stripe, the posterior half of the sclerite with four, narrow, dark brown stripes ; scutal lobes with a dark brown ring ; halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown ; wings subhyaline, with a heavy reticulate pattern ; Sc long, cell 1st M? closed ; abdomen uni- formly reddish brown. $ . Length 4.8 mm. ; wing 5.8 mm. The unique type is not fully matured. Rostrum relatively long and slender, brown, sparsely pollinose ; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first segment brown, the second segment and basal segments of the flagellum paler, distal flagellar segments brown. Head with a sparse, grayish yellow pollen, the center of the vertex with a brown mark. Pronotum pale, sparsely pollinose. Mesonotal praescutum with a broad, median, obscure yellow stripe, the posterior half broadly margined with dark brown, the mesal margin of the usual lateral stripes similarly dark brown, the interspaces silvery white, pruinose; lateral margins of the sclerites obscure yellow; scutum silvery* white, each lobe obscure yellow, en- circled by a broad, dark brown marking ; scutellum silvery ; postnotum obscure yellow, sparsely pollinose. Pleura brownish yellow. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs long and slender, the coxae and trochanters yellow ; re- mainder of the legs not fully colored, apparently to become dark- brown with the femoral tips paler. Wings subhyaline with a conspicuous reticulate brown pat- tern, the heavier areas being at the origin of Rs, before mid- length of cells Sc and R; near midlength of M ; a conspicuous stigmal area that extends onto the deflection of R4+5 ; a large, conspicuous area occupying the outer end of cell 2nd Rl, the centers of cells R3 and ^?5 ; all the other cells of the wing with conspicuous spots, clouds and transverse bars ; costa yel- low with about 22 subequal dark brown marks alternating with yellow areas that are usually much wider ; remaining veins pale brown. Venation: Sc long, Scl ending beyond midlength of the long Rs, Sc2 at the tip of Scl ; r at the tip of Rl ; Rs long, square and spurred at origin ; cell ist M2 closed ; outer deflec- XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65 tion of M3 about twice the length of m; basal deflection of Cul before the fork of M. the distance being about equal to r-w. Abdomen reddish brown, possibly darker when fully colored. Holotypc: $, Tilcara, Province of Jujuy, March 20, 1920, (V. Weiser). In its reticulate wing-pattern, D. jujuyensis bears a certain resemblance to D. rcticulata (Alexander) of Cuba and South- ern Florida, but is readily told by the long subcosta and the de- tails of coloration. Color Preference of Bees (Hymen.). Lately there has come a statement that bees are largely given to visiting blue, purple or violet flowers, although not totally ignoring yellow or red ones. Bees are heterotropic. They have become diversified along with the entomophilous flora. Of 437 local flowers whose visitors were observed, 96.2 per cent are visited by bees. There are only three on which I am sure bees never occur. The colors of the local flora are red (all dark colors) 29.4 per cent, yellow 30.7, white 39.8. Of the flowers observed 30.2 per cent are red, 30.6 yellow, 39.1 white, showing a little discrimination in favor of red flowers. The flowers visit- ed by bees show red 28.7 per cent, yellow 31.1, white 40.0. Of 6063 bee visits 23.1 per cent are to red, 33.5 to yellow, 43.2 to white. The flowers visited and visits made are about what might be expected without regard to color. The determining condition is the situation of the nectar, which is most accessible in white flowers and the least in red ones. Of local bees only 70 (23.6 per cent) are largely given to visiting red flowers. Of their visits, 45.9 per cent are to red, of the visits of 96 other species, 52.9 per cent are to yellow, while of the visits of the re- maining 130 species, 55.9 per cent are to white. When a statement about bee visits is made, one would like to know the percentages of red in the flora referred to, in the flowers observed and in the visits recorded. In the Alps 57.1 per cent of the bee visits were to red flowers, but these were about 48 per cent of the flowers observed, and the visits of in- sects of all classes showed 41.6 per cent under that color. In the Berlin Garden 55.4 per cent of bee visits were to red, but such flowers were 48.2 per cent of the flowers observed, indi- cating that they had been selected. The general statement criticized here would be more correct if applied to hawk-moths or to butterflies. — l"n ARI.KS KOUKRT- SON, Carlinville, Illinois. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1924. Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings, December 27, 1923 to January 2, 1924. The meetings of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science and of Associated Scientific Societies were held at Cincinnati, Ohio, on the dates mentioned above. The occasion was the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the A. A. A. S.. the third of its meetings in the "Queen City of the West." Papers relating, in whole or in part, to the tracheate Arthro- pods were listed on the programs of the following seven organi- zations, a smaller number of societies than were represented on the list for last year (see the NEWS for February, 1923, page 55). American Society of Zoologists (alone) 9 The same with the Ecological Society of America 3 The same with the Botanical Society of America (joint Genetics Section) 6 Entomological Society of America 70 American Association of Economic Entomologists (includ- ing its sections on Apiculture and Horticultural In- spection 89 American Phytopathological Society 1 Ecological Society of America (alone) 1 A. A. A. S. Section N, Medical Sciences 1 Total 180 The 180 papers were concerned with the following subjects : Cytology 1 Insecticides and Fumigants 24 Anatomy 7 Apiculture 14 Histology 1 Araneina 2 Physiology 11 Acarina 4 Ontogeny 4 Orthoptera 6 Genetics 6 Ephemerida 1 Geographical Distribution . 4 Odonata 1 Taxonomy 2 Mallophaga 1 Ecology 48 Anoplura 2 Parasites of Insects 7 Neuroptera 1 Relations to Man 2 Homoptera 17 General Economic Ento- Heteroptera 12 mology 26 Thysanoptera 2 Insects Injurious to Plants 20 Coleoptera 16 66 XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 Hymenoptera (excluding Diptera (excluding Droso- '. I pis) 11 phila) 9 Apis 6 fh-osophila 6 Trichoptera 1 Siphonaptera 1 Lepidoptera 14 Many of these figures are duplicated ; thus the papers on Drosophila appear also under Genetics. The large number of papers credited to Ecology is due to the extensive symposium of the Entomological Society of America on "Methods of Protection and Defense Among In- sects," divided into five parts : a Protective Structures ; b Pro- tective Constructions ; c Protective Size, Form and Color ; d Protective Positions, and e Protective Behavior or Reactions, and listing 41 separate papers and authors. To it also is partly due the highest total (180 papers) yet presented at a Convoca- tion Week. The American Association of Economic Entomologists had two symposia: one on "Methods of Estimating Insect Abund- ance and Damage" (8 speakers listed) ; the other on the "Euro- pean Corn Borer" (9 speakers listed). The Ecological Society of America had a symposium on "Ohio Ecology," including one paper on Insects (Odonata, Prof. C. H. Kennedy). The annual address before the Entomological Society was by Prof. James G. Needham, of Cornell University on "The Role of Insects in Food Production." The Presidential address to Economic Entomologists was by Mr. A. G. Ruggles, State En- tomologist of Minnesota, on "Pioneering in Economic Ento- mology." It is a matter of regret that none of the Editors of the NEWS were able to be present at Cincinnati, but, thanks to the kindness of Dr. Annette F. Braun, we are able to add a statement of the numbers participating in the sessions. Dr. Braun writes : The following figures will give an idea of the attendance at the Entomological meetings in Cincinnati. Entomological Society of America. Thursday afternoon ses- sion, December 27, 92; Friday morning, December 28, 125*; Friday afternoon, December 28, 178*: Saturday morning, De- 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 cember 29, 95 ; Saturday afternoon, 50-75 ; Saturday evening, 125. The figures marked :' approximate the number of different persons present at some time during the session ; not all were present at one time. In the Friday afternoon session, there were about 150 in the room at the same time throughout the session. The Economic Entomologists had an average attendance of about 175. About 200 were present at one time or another. The total registration at Cincinnati nearly equalled that of the 1920 meeting in Chicago. Notes on Corythucha marmorata Uhler in New Jersey (Hemip. : Tingitidae). Since Dr. Felt's account of this species, in the ipth Report of the State Entomologist of New York (N. Y. St. Mus. Bui. 76, P. 125, 1903), practically nothing has appeared concerning its life history and the following notes are intended as supple- mental. At Mendham, New Jersey, on July 24, the species was noted as being very abundant and injurious to wild asters. Eggs, all nymphal stages and adults were present and the leaves of the plants were so injured that they were almost white, many of them being withered from the attacks of the nymphs. Eggs were observed in the tissue of the undersides of the leaves close to the mid and side ribs and sometimes in the tissue of the ribs. They" were laid in irregular, elongate masses parallel to the ribs, some of the masses being made up of from 4 to 75 eggs placed with little or no regularity. Some leaves contained as many as 150 eggs. As a rule only the cap of the egg projected above the leaf 'tissue, but in a few cases the eggs appeared to have been carelessly laid and fully one half was exposed. The location of the eggs could be detected readily by reason of the brown, varnish-like excrement which was placed over them, the streaks of this material being quite pro- nounced along the mid-ribs. Eggs were noted in leaves badly injured by nymphal feeding as well as in uninjured leaves. The nymphs feed in colonies on the lower leaf surfaces, the newly hatched ones always being found close to the eggs from which they hatched. Colonies numbering from 6 to 100 indi- viduals were noted and in quite a few instances, an adult female was near each colony of nymphs. The eggs and early stages were described by Dr. Felt and since his paper, the species has been mentioned often in systematic literature and faunal lists. — HARRY B. WEISS & RALPH B. LOTT, New Brunswick, N. J. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 Note on the mating of Anopheles maculipennis (Dipt.; Culicidae). While on a visit in Holland the mating of A. maculipennis was observed during several evenings. The observations were made in Gelderland, not far from the Rhine, in the middle of June and on the days of July 3 to 8 inclusive. After a period of cold, with rainy days, the weather im- proved and the temperature increased. On June 16 at 8.45 P. M. a small swarm of A. inacitlipcnnis males were seen hover- ing at the windward side of some lilac hushes. Three pairs of copulating anopheles* were kept under observation for 20 to 35 seconds until they separated. On July 3, at 8.30 P. M. a number of small swarms of males of A. maculipennis were noticed on the windward side of some small pear trees. The swarms were composed of from 50 to 100 individuals. The movements of the insects were free and varied,, circling upward and downward, back and forth, with their heads against a gentle breeze. The movements were often very irregular, individuals leaving the swarms and returning after a few seconds. Suddenly a female was seen entering the swarm causing a decided disturbance. The males were excited and made an extreme high singing sound. In the course of 6 successive evenings swarm formation was observed. The formation of columns started about 7.30 P. M. and ended about 9.15-9.30 P. M. (Sun set 8.30-8.45). A few males would gather and as time went on others joined and took part in the dancing. It was repeatedly seen that a female en- tered the swarm, caught a male and flew away copulating end to end. In every case the female led off and dragged the male behind, flew for a short time and separated. The time of union lasted from 30 to 55 seconds. The temperature on these eve- nings ranged from 64 to 67° F. One. copulating pair was seen to fly to a resting place at the edge of the thatched roof of the farm house about 5 feet above the ground. The united pair rested quietly for about 30 seconds, when the male flew away and the female shortly afterwards. It was interesting to notice that swarms started to form m>t and hovered on the windward side of English walnut trees, then on the windward side of pear and apple trees, while only once a small swarm was observed at the end of a branch of linden trees. On the edges of the large walnut trees from 20 to 30 small swarms were counted. It is the common belief that Knglish walnut trees are a protection against mosquitoes. * One pair caught while copulating was determined hy Dr. L. O. Howard a few days later as ./. maculipennis', while others were de- termined later. 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 Swarming was much more pronounced near the dwelling than near the chicken pen or empty stable. The nearest pigsty was about 300 yards away. In the proximity of these pigsties swarming and mating took place during the same evenings, al- though in apparent smaller numbers. — WILLEM RUDOLFS, Bio- chemist in Entomology, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations, New Brunswick, N. j. A Gynandromorph of Odynerus conformis Sauss. (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). On August 21st, 1923, while collecting at Glen Echo, Md., I captured a gynandromorph of Odyncnis (Stciwdyiicnts) con- formis Sauss. The right antenna is male, and the left female, but the clypeus is colored as in the females on the right side, being yellow only on the upper third and the apical tooth is longer than on the left side which is entirely yellow as in typical males of this species. The yellow spot between the bases of the antennae reaches only midway to base of arltenna on the right side while it extends to the base on left side, another reversal of color similar to that on clypeus. On the right side the mid and hind coxae are pale yellow in front, while on the left side they are entirely black ; the pale spots are characteristic of the male. The mid femur is yellow on anterior side from base to apex on right side ( male ) , and yellow only on apical third on left side (female). The left fore tarsus is noticeably broader than the right one and the left fore wing is 1 mm. longer than the right one (7:8 mm.), the right side evincing male characters. The genital organs are those of a typical fe- male. The specimen was specifically identified by Mr. S. A. Rohwer. — J. R. MALLOCH, Washington, D. C. An Hermaphrodite Hesperid (Lepid. : Rhop.). Among some Hesperiidae collected by the author at Oakdale, Long Island, New York, on July 1, 1923, was a somewhat worn specimen of Polites manataaqita Scudder combining the char- acters of both sexes of this species. The specimen is of the size of the normal female and of the general brownish color of that sex ; on the right primary is a distinct stigma correspond- ing to that found in the male, of the same shape and length but slightly narrower and is followed on its outer border by the usual dark patch of scales ; the two spots found below the end of the cell are present in both primaries but in the right primary the lower and normally larger, subquadrate spot of the female is greatly reduced, being about half as wide as that of the left primary and corresponding to the form of this spot in the male ; the upper subtriangular spot is of the same size in XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 both primaries and about normal ; the left primary is rounded on its outer margin as in the normal female, but the right primary has the outer margin straighter and at a point opposite the upper end of the stigma is curved slightly inward and then straight up to the apex, which is nearly as pointed as in the male. There is a narrow ray of tawny scales in the cell of both pri- maries, extending from the base of the cell for about two-thirds the length ; the ray in the cell of the right primary is slightly wider for its entire length than that of the left primary; this ray is not present in any of the normal female specimens in my collection, though occasionally a female is found with a small tawny spot in the cell near the end, and seems to indicate in this specimen the tawny area usually found in the normal male. The general appearance of the under surface of both wings is about as in the normal female except that there is a complete absence of the band of spots usually found on the secondaries.- E. L. BELL, Flushing, New York. Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHX. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at th< Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology \vill not be not. <1: but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology nf insects; however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recoi The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph at the eifd of their respective orders. Those containing dcseript ions of n, \\- genera and species occurring north of Mexico are preceded by an * For records Of Economic Literature, sec the r:\peri nt Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also lleview »( Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on .Medical Knto- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology. Scries !:. The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph. Canada. 8 — The En- tomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Ento- mologist, London. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zo- ology, Claremont, Cal. 15 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 16 — The Lepidopterist, Salem, Mass. 19 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 30— Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, The Hague, Holland. 39— The Florida Entomologist. ( Jainesvilh'. Florida. 54— Pro- ceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. D. C. 68 — Science, Garrison on the Hudson, N. V. 69 — Comptes Rendus, des Seances de rAeadcmie des Sciences, Paris. 82— The Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 85 — The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 119 — Pro ceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the IL S. 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 A., Washington, D. C. 132 — Revista do Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 147 — Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anat- omic und Entwicklungsmechanik, Berlin. 153 — Zeitschrift fur angewandte entomologie. Herausg. von K. Escherich, Berlin. GENERAL. Baker, A. W. — Diamond jubilee meeting of the entomological society of Ontario, 1923. 4, Iv, 293-4. Buxton, P. A. — Two further cases of co-ordinated rhythm in insects. 9, 1923, 271-3. Janische, E. — Ueber alterser- scheinungen bei insekten und ihre bekampfungsphysiolog- ische bedeutung. 118, 1923, 929-31. Rothschild, N. C.- Obituary. 8, 1923, 279-80. 9, 1923, 284-6. Searle, J.- Medium for mounting small insects. (Viet. Nat., xl, 140.) Stoner, D. — On the abundance of tropical terrestrial arthro- pods. 19, xviii, 162-3. de la Torre-Bueno, J. R. — The crumbs of Dives (editorial). 19, xviii, 170-1. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Ferry, Lancefield, & Metz. — Additional mutant characters in Dro- sophila willistoni. (Jour. Heredity, xiv, 373-84.) ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Levy, R.— Sur le mecanisme de 1'hemolyse par le venin de scolopendre. 69, clxxvii, 1326-8. Stekhoven, J. H. S. — Zur biologic der kratzmilben. (Verb. Kon. Akad. V. Weenns. te. Amster- dam., xxi, No. 2.) "Bryant, E. B. — Report on the spiders collected by the Bar- bados-Antigua expedition. . . (Univ. Iowa Stud., x, No. 3, 10-18.) Chamberlin, R. V. — A new cryptodesmoid milliped from Santo Domingo. 54, xxvi, 189-90. Ewing, H. E.— The generic and specific name of the orange rust mite. 39, vii, 21-2. Leitac, M. — Theraphosoirleas do Brasil. Arachnideos da ilha dos Alcatrazes. 132, xiii, 5-438; 515-25. Oudemans, A. C. — Studie over de sedert 1877 ontworpen systemen der Acari ; nieuwe classificate ; phylogenetische beschouwingen. 30, Ixvi, 49-85. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Cleveland, L. R. — -Symbiosis between termites and their intestinal pro- tozoa. 119, ix, 424-8. van Heurn, W. C. — Over een waar- schijnliike parasiet (Thripoctenus brui) en een vermoedel- ijke hyperparasiet van Thrips tabaci. 30, Ixvi, 119-28. Navas, P. L. — Algunos insectos del Brasil. 132, xiii, 767- 74. Priesner, H. — Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der Thysanop- teren Surinams. 30, Ixvi, 88-1.11. XXXV, '24 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73 HEMIPTERA. Dingier, M.— Beitrage zur kenntnis von Lecanium hesperidum, besonders seiner biologic. 153, ix, 191-246. Funkhouser, W. D. — New host for Membracidae. 19, xviii, 156. Marcovitch, S.— Plant lice and light expos- ure. 68, Iviii, 537-8. Olsen, C. E. — Distributional notes on Hemiptera. 19, xviii, 163-4. Barber, H. G. — Report on certain families of Hemiptera- heteroptera collected by the Barbados-Antigua expedition. . . (Univ. Iowa Stud., x, No. 3, 17-29.) *Dodds, C. T.— A new salt marsh mealy bug. 13, xv, 57-60. Hempel, A. — Hemipteros novos ou pouco conhecidos da familia Aleyro- didae. 132, xiii, 1119-91. Porter, C. E. — Insecto nuevo de la fam. Berytidae. (Rev. Chile. Hist. Nat., xxvii, 20-1.) de la Torre-Bueno, J. R. — Report on the Aquatic Hemiptera col- lected by the Barbados Antigua expedition. . . . (Univ. Iowa Stud., x, No. 3, 30-8.) *de la Torre-Bueno, J. R.— A saldid genus new to the U. S. and new sps., with notes on other water bugs from the Adirondacks. 19, xviii, 149-54. LEPIDOPTERA. Bell, E. L.— Notes on Calpodes eth- lius. (Rhopalocera.) Polygonia progne on Long Island. 19, xviii, 154; 164-5. Chittenden, F. H. — Note on Ogdoconta cinereola. 19, xviii, 155-6. Hutchings, C. B. — A note on the monarch or milkweed butterfly with special reference to its migratory habits (Can. Field-Nat., xxxvii, 150). Jurriaanse, J. H. — Some remarks about the supposed scent-organs of the genus Opsiphanes. 30, Ixvi, 147-51. :::Barnes & Benjamin. — The change of a preoccupied name. Notes on the types of two recently described aberra- tions of Basilarchia archippus. 16, iv. 17; 29-30. *Cassino & Swett. — New geometrids. Some new Eupithecias. 16, iv, 18-24; 25-9. Coolidge, K. R.— California butterfly notes. 19, xviii, 159-61. Kaye, W. J. — A striking new lycaenid from St. Vincent, B. W. I. 9, 1923, 277. Schaus, W.— New sps. of American Geometridae in the U. S. N. M. 15, xi, 149-67. DIPTERA. Brelje, R.— Ein fall von zwitterbildung bei Aedes meigenanus. 147, c, 315-343. Freeborn, S. B. — The range overlapping of Anopheles maculipennis and A. quadri- maculatus. 19, xviii. 157-8. Glaser, R. W.— The effect of food on longevity and reproduction in flies. 85, xxxviii, 383- 412. Jacobson, E. — Micro-dipteren als ectoparasiten en- derer insekten. 30, Ixvi, 135-6. 74 KXTOMOLOC.ICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 Bonne, C. — The male hypopygium of Chagasia farjarcli and the systematic position of this sp. The male hypopy- gium of Anopheles metliopunctatus. The eggs of A. medio- -jpunctatus. 30, Ixvii, 112-14; 115-17; 118. Borgmeier, T.- Una nova especie termitophila de Dohrniphora. . . .132, xiii, 1213-24. :|:Curran, C. H. — -New cyclorrhaphous diptera .from Canada. 4, lv, 271-9. Dyar, H. G. — The mosquitoes of Panama. A new Culex from Mexico. On some of the American subgenera of Culex. 15, xi, 167-86; 186-7; 187-90. "Hull, F. M. — Notes on the family Syrphidae with the description of a n. sp. 82, xxiii, 295-8. COLEOPTERA. Bernet Kempers, K. J. W.— lets naar aanleiding van d'Orchymonts "Apercu de la nervation alaire dcs coleopteres." 30, "ixvi, 129-34. Campbell, R. E.— Notes on the life-history of Dinapate wrightii. 13, xv, 61-5. Barber, H. S. — A remarkable wingless glow-worm from Ecuador. 15, xi, 191-4. Bondar, G. — Notas biologicas sobre alguns buprestideos brasileiros do genro Colobogaster. 132, xiii, 1265-76. *Frost, C. A. — New sps. of Buprestidae from the U. S. 4, lv, 279-81. Melzer, J. — Longicorneos novos, ou pouco conhecidos, do Brasil. 132, xiii, 529-33. Obenberger, J. — Eine serie neuer Buprestidenarten. 30, Ixvi, 1-32. HYMENOPTERA. Bequaert, J.— Ants accidently intro- duced into New York and New Jersey; and a correction. Neopasites and Polyergus at White Plains, New York. 19, xviii, 165; 171. Savin, W. M. — -A wasp that hunts cicadas. (Nat. Hist., xxii, 569-75.) ' Fattig, P. W.— The bumble-bees of Florida. 39, vii, 25. Santschi, F. — Description de quelques nouvelles fourmis du Brasil. 132, xiii, 1253-64. Wheeler, W. M.— Report on the ants collected by the Barbados-Antigua expedition. (Univ. Iowa Stud., x, No. 3, 3-9.) SPECIAL NOTICES. Lepidoptera : Some new Coenocharis. This is the title of a paper in The Lepidopterist of which the author is not given. Two new species from the western states are de- scribed. The Mystery of the Hive, by E. Evrard, translated from the French by B. Miall. New York, Dodd Meade & Co., 1923, 369 pp. This book will be found of interest to XXXV. '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 the general reader who cares for nature and her children ; wherein he will find out all about the home life of the honey- bee. The concords and discords of the bee family are told here in a very readable and understandable manner. Price, $2.50. NINETEENTH REPORT, STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF MINNESOTA to the Governor. By A. G. RUGGLES, St. Paul, Minn. Pub- lished Nov. 1, 1923." 151 pp., 3 pis. This latest addition to a well and favorably known series covers the two years ending December 1, 1922. Mr. Ruggles discusses the principal insect problems of the biennium, naming 13 insects, or groups of in- sects, which attracted special attention for their economic im- portance (pp. 3-9) and, in conjunction with J. R. Eyer, gives Preliminary Notes on the Life History and Control of the Potato Leaf Hopper, Einpoasca mali Le B. (pp. 10-14). S. A. Graham gives the results of investigations on the Red Turpen- tine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens Le C.) in Itasca Park, Minn, (pp. 15-21) and an interesting summary of his studies on the Effect of Physical Factors in the Ecology of certain Insects in Logs (pp. 22-40). His experiments ''have shown conclusively that the activities of wood-boring insects are controlled very decidedly by the action of external factors and that the zone of their optimum development is often very narrow. [Thus] on the upper side of logs [in the open] are found only insects which are most resistant to heat, such as Chrysobothris Under three-quarters shade. . . .no Chrysobothris was present." The economic value of such researches is evident. Paul M. Gilmer contributes an informing paper on Derris as an insecti- cide (pp. 41-49). H. H. Knight has some valuable Studies on the Life History and Biology of Perillus bioculatus including observations on the nature of the color pattern (pp. 50-96, 3 pis.) C. E. Mickel furnishes Preliminary Notes on the Mutil- lidae of Minnesota with descriptions of three new species (pp. 97-113) and O. W. Oestlund A Synoptical Key to the Aphididae of Minnesota (pp. 114-151), a revision of his Synopsis of 1887, accompanied by a phylogenetic tree of the tribes. — P. P. CAL- VKRT. REPORTS ON CERTAIN ARTHROPODS .... OF THE BARBADOES- ANTIGUA EXPEDITION of 1918. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History, X. No. 3. Iowa City, Aug. 1, 1923.— These reports are on the Ants by Prof. \V. M. Wheeler, the Spiders by Elizabeth B. 15r \ant. Certain Families of Hemiptera-Heter- 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '24 optera (Coreidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Reduviidae Tingi- dae) by H. G. Barber, and on tbe Aquatic Hemiptera (6 fami- lies) by J. R. de la Torre- Hueno. Tbe last three reports are, so far as these two islands are concerned, based entirely on the material collected by the University of Iowa Expedition. Prof. Wheeler has included Barbados and Antigua records derived from other sources in a list of 26 forms, including one new variety. Twenty-nine species of spiders (six new), 24 species of terrestrial Heteroptera (1 Reduviid new) and 10 species of aquatic Heteroptera (1 Corixid, 1 Belostomid new) are listed from these two islands. No generalizations on geographical distribution are contained in any of these four reports, but Mr. de la Torre-Bueno exposes the unsatisfactory condition of the taxonomy of the aquatic Hemiptera.- — P. P. CALVERT. OBITUARY. The Hon. NATHANIEL CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, who died October 12, 1923, was a wealthy banker, who from boyhood had a keen love for all nature. He elected to make a special study of a somewhat neglected field in Entomology which has become of the greatest importance to humanity, in rela- tion to the transmission of epidemic and endemic, high mor- tality diseases. He took up the study of the Ectoparasites, particularly Siphonaptera. He did splendid work on these interesting insects and in conjunction with Dr. Karl Jordan, published more than 138 articles. There are now known nearly 700 species of fleas and in 1880 only about 33 were recorded. Mr. Rothschild always took a great interest in the Lepidoptera, and had a collection. He paid particular attention to the biological aspect of these insects. His splendid collection of Siphonaptera, with ten thousand pounds, he willed to The British Museum. He took a great interest in places of historic value or natural beauty and was an advocate and patron in this line of endeavor. Full articles on the life work of Mr. Roth- schild will be found in the British entomological journals. The writer wishes to pay tribute to the memory of the gentleman, who was a handsome man, modest, able, kindly and generous, and the news of his death was learned with sincere sorrow and keen regret. — HENRY SKINNER. KXCHANQKS This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed- ing three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. I will collect Coleoptera and Lepidoptera in southwest Arkansas for those so interested. — Miss Louise Knobel, 417 West 2nd Avenue, Hope, Arkansas. Correspondence solicited from anyone desiring general collections of insects, to be made in Costa Rica. Austin Smith, Apartado 412, San Jose, Costa Rica. Wanted — Am working on a Revision of the Btiprestidae of the West Indies and would like to examine any material in this family from that region. W. S. Fisher, U. S. National Museum, Washing- ton, D. C. For Exchange — A large number of Papilio Turnus, P. Cresphontes and P. Ajax pupae, or the same specimens in papers, for other pupae or Lepidoptera. Carl Selinger, 4419 Dover St., Chicago, 111. Coleoptera for exchange — Cicin. generosa, hirticollis, modesta, sexguttata, 12-punctata, Saperda populnea, Uro. fasciata, Donacia subtilis, palmata, texana-minor, biimpressa, refuscens. Ernest Bay- lis, 5011 Saul St., Philadelphia, Pa. Endomychidae. I desire to purchase representatives of this family from any part of the world. Particularly desire specimens from the western and southwestern part of the U. S. L. B. Walton, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio. Buprestidae, Cleridae and Carabinae wanted from U. S. or Buprestidae of the world. Will collect insects of any group (except Lepidoptera) in exchange or pay cash. Alan S. Nicolay, 416a Grand Ave., Brooklyn, New York. Lepidoptera. Hesperiidae (Skipper-butterflies). Will purchase, ex- change or name specimens. North or South America. Pamphila comma group particularly desired. Henry Skinner and R. C. Wil- liams, Jr., Address Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Lepidoptera-Noctuidae. Will purchase or exchange moths of this family for western lepidoptera. Chas. A. Hill, P. O. Box 653, Glendale, Cal. Wanted — Ants from all portions of the United States for deter- mination or exchange. Will also exchange other insects for ants. M. R. Smith, Assistant Entomologist, State Plant Board, A. and M. College, Miss. Wanted in exchange or cash 1000 Precis orithya $, Precis iso- ^ratia S , Precis mevaria $ . A. F. Porter, 104 W. Broadway, Decorah, Iowa. Cynipidae. Galls and bred wasps wanted to determine or in exchange. Alfred C. Kinsey, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Wanted — Saturnioidea and their living pupae, especially io, luna and Anisota. D. M. Bates, Agric. Exp. Sta., Gainesville, Fla. For Exchange. — Living pupae of Autom'eris io and Papilio asterias and unnamed coleoptera from India for Catocalae or N. A. coleop- tera. Mrs. Robert Milde, Lewiston, Minnesota. RECENT LITERATURE FOB SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA. 839. — Landis (E. M.). — A tabular account of the structural dif- ferences between the four larval instars of Culex pipiens. (Trans., 49, 25-42, 1923) 35 COLEOPTERA. 844. — Davidson (W. M.). — Biology of Scymnus nubes C'asey. (Trans., 49, 155-163, ill., 1923) 20 LEPIDOPTERA. 842. — Braun (A. F.). — Microlepidoptera: notes and new species. (Trans., 49, 115-127, 1923) 25 843. — Skinner & Williams. — On the male genitalia of the Hes- periidae of North America. Paper III. (Trans., 49, 129- 153, ill., 1923) 30 NEUROPTERA. 841. — Dodds (G. S.). — Mayflies from Colorado. Descriptions of certain species and notes on others. Trans., 49, 93-114, 2 pis., 1923) 50 ORTHOPTERA. 840. — Rehn (J. A. G.). — North American Acrididae. Paper 3. A study of the Ligurotettigi. (Trans., 49, 43-92, 2 pis., 1923) 1.00 845. — Hebard (M.). — Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Paper III. Orthopterous family Acri- didae. (Trans., 49, 165-313, 8 pis., 1923) " 3.25 Of Interest to Specialists. The American Entomological Society has placed in operation a system by which entomologists who> are not situated near the larger reference libraries, or who desire to build up special ento- mological libraries of their own and yet do not care to subscribe to the annual volume of the Society's "Transactions," may secure copies of the papers appearing in the Society's publications promptly after their receipt from the press. If you are interested and desire to avail yourself of this system, advise us of the order or orders in which you wish to secure publi- cations, together with a remittance of $1.00 or more as a deposit, and all papers on such orders will be mailed to you directly on their receipt from the printer. These will be charged against your amount of deposit at 25 per cent, discount from the list or general sale price. Any balance to your credit is returnable on demand should you not care to continue the subscription. THE LARGEST STOCK OF INSECTS OF THE WORLD! ESTABLISHED 1858 INDISPENSABLE TO EVERY COLLECTOR, TO EVERY MUSEUM! Lepidoptera List No. 58 contains 28,000 species, the greatest and most extensive of all lists. Price $ I .00. Coleoptera List No. 30 contains 30,000 species of Coleoptera. Price 50 cents Other Insects list No. VII contains 10.000 species Price 50 cents, This amount will be reimbursed by orders on insects. List No. XI contains series of Lepidoptera, collections, books, apparatus, insect pins, supplies. Free. Dr. 0. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas, Blasewitz- Dresden, Germany WILL BUY OR EXCHANGE Clerids, Phanaeus, Monilema and all Cetonids from all parts of the world. DR. FRANK J. PSOTA. 4O46 West 26th Street Chicago, Illinois Brilliant Exotic Butterflies, Moths and other material from Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil for scientific and decorative purposes. Price list on application. HERBERT S. PARISH, 81 Robert Street, Toronto, Ontario. Brilliant Butterflies from the Tropics. I specialize in Tropical Butterflies suitable for Jewelry, Trays, Plaques, etc., as well as rarities for collections and scientific uses. A large stock of Ornithoptera, Morpho, Agrias, Caligo, Papilio, Catagramma. Perisema, Callicore, Thecla, Lycaena, etc., on hand. Tell me for what purpose you require butterflies and I will then be better able to meet your needs. HAL NEWCOMB, 8O4 Elizabeth St., Pasadena, California Rhopalocera and Heterocera of the North Argentine. Good spt-c es and first-class specimens, write to RODOLFO SCHRIETER, Turuman, Argentine, calle 24 de Setienibre 1372c. References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55. FOR ^A! F ^ lar£e collection of butterflies — Papilios only — from all parts of the world. All mounted and classified in three large cabinets. C. F. GROTH 14 POPLAR PLACE. N^W ROCHELLE, N. Y. NEW ARRIVALS From Colombia, South America: OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte sulkowskyi Caligo spp. From Cuba: 1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali andraemon Erinyis guttalaris celadon Protoparce brontes, etc. " devilliersi From Venezuela: Over 5000 Lepidoptera 200 Dynastes Hercules From New Guinea 2000 Coleoptera 200 Orthoptera From Assam, India: 1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi And Many Other Showy Species From Tibet (Bhutan) : Armandia Hdderdalii Parnassius hardwicki CATALOGUES OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS ON APPLICATION If interested kindly send your list of desiderata for further information to THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA Department of Natural Science New York G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street MARCH, 1924 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXXV No. 3 GEORGE HENKY HORN 1840-1897 PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor. E. T. 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XXXV MARCH, 1924 No. 3 CONTENTS Smith— An Annotated List of the Ants of Mississippi ( Hym ) 77 Blatchley— Some Apparently New Het- eroptera from Florida 85 Wright — Lepidoptera Geometridae: Notes and Descriptions 91 Malloch — The American Species of the Drosophilid genus Stegana (Dipt ) 96 Editorial — Flying Men and Insects 101 Barnes and Benjamin — On the Syn- onymy of Prodenia eridania Cram. (Lep., Phalaenidae=Noctuidae)... 102 Barnes and Benjamin — On the reten- tion of ii or i in Specific Patrony- mic Names io3 Crosby and Bishop— The Genus Cypto- bunus Banks (Phalangida) 104 Shannon — Muscina pascuorum Meigen in Maryland (Dipt.: Muscidae) 104 Entomological Literature 105 Special Notices no Review of MacGillivray's External In- sect-Anatomy in Obituary — Edwin A. Bischoff 114 An Annotated List of the Ants of Mississippi (Hym.). By M. R. SMITH, A. and M. College, Mississippi. (Continued from page 54.) 25.— P. dentata Mayr. Tupelo ; Aberdeen ; A. and M. College ; Sturgis. Next to vinelandica this is one of the most common species of Phcidolc in Mississippi. Unlike the former species, dentata seems to pre- fer building its nests under stones, logs, planks, etc. The soldiers and workers probably feed almost entirely on insects. P. dentata is considerably larger than vinelandica and pos- sesses more rounded thoracic angles. The specimens examined by the writer have two spines on their gular borders, while those of vinelandica are bare of spines. The presence, or absence of spines should not be relied upon entirely, however, in the de- termination of the species of Phcidolc. 26. — P. dentata var. commutata Mayr. Sibley. The writer has not taken this variety in the state but on different occasions has received specimens from Mr. 77 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\vs [Mar., '24 Andrew Fleming of Sibley. Mr. Fleming found this variety nesting in a post resting on the gallery floor of his house. The workers were noticed carrying a small beetle and a leaf hopper into the nest ; they would also carry flies and sugar into the nest when these were placed near the nest's entrance. Mr. Fleming thinks that the ants do most of their foraging at night, for very few ants were seen during the clay and these appeared quite timid, almost frantic, if disturbed. This variety is a much more smooth and shining ant than dentata. The posterior portion of the head, the prothorax, gaster and legs are very noticeably shining. The specimens sent to the writer are very dark brown, almost black. Dr. Wheeler states that there is considerable variation in the color of commutata. 27. — P. tysoni Forel. Sibley. This is also a soil-nesting species which does not seem to be common in the state. The soldiers of this species can be distinguished by their distinctly elongated heads, the sides of which are sub-parallel. The gular border contains two prominent spines which can be easily seen in profile. 28.- — P. flavens Roger subsp. floridana Emery. Ocean Springs. This is a tropical species which has become established in the state. 29. — P. metallescens var. splendidula Whir. Gulfport. This is another soil-nesting species of Phcidolc. According to Dr. Wheeler nests are built in the sand in more or less grassy places. The beautiful violaceous, or metallic colored workers of this species at once distinguish it from the other Phcidolc that occur in Mississippi. 30. — Solenopsis geminata Fabr. "The fire ant" as it is commonly called, because of its fire- like sting, is one of the most common ants in the state. It is often complained of as a house pest, the workers showing a de- cided fondness for greasy foods. Nests are built in the soil in open, sunny places and the particles of earth thrown out in a more or less loose mass which is characteristic of this species. XXXV, '24 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79 When the nest is disturbed the workers rush forth in a very vicious manner and will sting the intruder who dares put his hand or feet near them. The fire ant is a very important pre- dator of the boll weevil because of its habit of entering the squares and feeding on the immature young of the weevil. In literature it is reported as eating into ripening strawberries and other small fruits of this type. This ant is rather variable in color, the smaller workers being much darker than the larger workers. The head of the larger workers is reddish while the thorax, petiole, abdomen and ap- pendages are darker. 31. — S. geminata var. xyloni McCook. This is a color variety of geminata. The workers are much darker than those of the species. Xyloni has habits similar to geminata. 32. — S. geminata subsp. rufa Jerdon. Tupelo. This is an imported ant which has been found in only one locality in the state. Nests were found under con- crete sidewalks. The workers were noticed crawling here and there on the sidewalk in search of food. This subspecies may be distinguished from geminata by the presence of a tooth on each side of the thorax between the pro- sternum and the mesosternum, the tooth extending backward and downard. 33. — S. molesta Say. This tiny yellow species is well known in the literature of economic entomology. It is very often a troublesome house pest. It has been reported to attack the germinating seed of small cereals in Kansas. Molesta seems to have a very varied food habit, feeding on insects, seeds, human eatables, etc. It oc- casionally lives in the nest of other ants, stealing the larvae and pupae for food. This is the smallest ant mentioned in this paper. 34.- — Cremastogaster ashmeadi Mayr. A. and M. College ; West Point. This little species nests in the twigs of trees or in galls. It feeds on the honey dew ex- creted by plant lice. 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '24 A. ashnicadi may be distinguished from the other Cremasto- gaster occurring in this state by its unusually small size and by the short, blunt, incurved spines on the epinotum of the worker. 35. — C. lineolata Say. This common North American ant undoubtedly occurs throughout the state. It nests in the ground under stones, in rotten logs, etc. It is also very fond of honey dew. The workers when disturbed turn up their abdomens in such a man- ner as to earn for themselves the title of acrobatic ants. Lineo- lata is more closely related to atkinsoni than to any of the other ants mentioned here. 36. — C. laeviuscula Mayr. This species is very commonly found crawling up and down the trunks of trees or over logs on the ground. The workers are exceedingly fond of honey dew but no doubt feed -on insects, etc. Wheeler states that he has found laeviuscula nesting in the galls of the Cynipid, Holcaspis cinerosus, on oak in Texas. Laeviuscula may be recognized by the uniform smoothness of the body; the head, thorax and pedicel are shining and very finely punctate above. The epinotal spines are rather long, acute and diverging. 37. — C. laeviuscula var. clara Mayr. The variety clara is a larger ant than laeviuscula. It has similar food and nesting habits. It may be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the bright yellowish red color of the head, thorax, pedicel, and appendages of the worker. The abdomen is black, usually with a slight tinge of red at the base. The spines on the epino- tum are longer, more curved and acute than those of laeviuscula. 38. — C. atkinsoni Wheeler. A. and M. College. This species builds large paper-like nests which resemble very much those of the white-faced hornet, Vcspa maculata. For a long time this species was confused with C. lineolata; recently Wheeler has published an article pointing out the differences between the two species. It is a smaller and more slender ant than the typical lineolata and has a smoother, and more shining thorax. The epinotal spines are also straighter and more acute than in the former. XXXV, '24j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 39. — C. victima siibsp. missouriensis Pergande. A. and M. College ; Sibley. Nests are built in the soil, usually in a clay or a clay loam. Small particles of earth are thrown out of the nest's entrance to form a small crater. The ants when unearthed are slow of movement and appear blinded by the light. Nothing is known concerning their food habits. This species can be recognized by its pale, yellowish color; the gaster is slightly infuscated at the tip. It is the smallest of the species of Cremastogastcr found in this state. 40. — Tetramorium guineense Fabr. Gulfport ; Biloxi ; Pascagoula. This is the only species of Tetramorium known to be present in the state, although the writer has been expecting to find cacspitnm also. This imported ant is very common in the localities mentioned above, where it may be found crawling up and down trees in search of honey dew. Like cacspitinn, it is a house-infesting ant. This is a reddish yellow ant with dark colored gaster. It can be easily distinguished from cacspitnm by the distinct rug- osity of the head and thorax, the former species having this portion of the body striated. 41. — Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) mariae Forel. A. and M. College; Columbus. This beautiful red and black species constructs its nest in the soil at the base of broom straw grass, Andropogon sp., or more occasionally about the roots of small bushes. The colonies are very large, consisting of thousands of individuals. Not only are the ants fond of honey dew but they also like insect food. The workers have a habit of crawling up and down tree trunks in files. The workers are easily distinguished from the other species of Dolichoderus by their color, size, and smooth, shining sur- face of the body. 42. — D. (Hypoclinea) taschenbergi Mayr. Rara-Avis; A. and AI. College. The shining, black workers of this species are easily recognized. Nests are built in situations similar to those of mariae, the habits of the two species being about the same. A large nest found at A. and M. College on 82 I:\TOMOLOGICALNKWS | Mar.. '24 May 5, 1922, contained thousands of workers, and numerous males and immature forms. This species is about the same.size as inariac hut is easily dis- tinguished from that species by its black color. It is also smooth and shining. 43. — D. (Hypoclinea) plagiatus subsp. pustulatus Mayr. Okolona. This species has habits similar to those mentioned above, the colonies, however, are not so large, consisting only of a few hundred individuals. The workers are smaller than those of mariac or taschcnberg-i. The head is almost black, the thorax reddish brown and the base of the gaster is spotted with yellow. 44. — Dorymyrmex pyramicus Roger. Macon, Columbus, Aberdeen, Laurel, Sibley. The ''lion ant," as it is commonly called, builds its crater-shaped nests in sunny spots. The workers are very fond of honey dew, but also feed on small insects. Sexed forms have been found in the nests as early as April and the writer is led to conclude from this that the queens take their nuptial flights early in the spring. The workers when crushed have the peculiar rotten cocoanut-like odor, which is so common to many of the species of Dolicho- derinid ants. This species and its varieties are often found nesting together. This ant can be distinguished by its slender form, its dark color, and by the conical shaped epinotum of the worker. 45. — D. pyramicus var. niger Pergande. Macon ; Sibley ; McHenry. This is a very dark form of pyramicits with similar nesting, and other habits. It seems to be more common to the lower part of the state. 46. — D. pyramicus var. flavus Pergande. Tupelo; Gulfport ; A. and M. College; Newton. This is a distinct yellow variety of the species, which also has similar nesting habits. Flat'its is a more common variety than -niycr in this state. 47. — Tapinoma sessile Say. Artesia ; Qarksdale. This species nests in logs, also in the '24] KXTO.MO LOGICAL NEWS 83 soil under planks, stones, etc. The workers when crushed have the peculiar odor so characteristic of this, and related species. T. sessile does not seem to be a common ant in Miss- issippi, at least the writer has not found it so. The workers hear some resemblance to the Argentine ant and might be taken for that species by the ordinary layman, but the presence of the distinct odor in sessile is evidence enough to distinguish the two. This ant varies considerably in size and color but is usually a very dark brown with a pruinose tinge. The petiole is ves- tigial, another characteristic which readily separates it from the Argentine ant. 48. — Iridomyrmex pruinosus Roger. Pascagoula. Several workers of this species were taken at the above named locality. • 49. — I. pruinosus var. analis Andre. This is probably the most common ant found in the state. Nests are constructed in the soil and the earth very often piled up at the entrance to form a small crater. The workers are exceedingly fond of sweets and, not only attend plant lice, scale insects, etc., but often wander into houses in search of food. This is the nearest relative of the Argentine ant and is often confused with it. The presence of a distinct odor readily separates it from the Argentine ant. It may be told also from this species by the pale, yellowish white color of the abdomen, that of the Argentine ant being a uniform dark brown. 50. — I. pruinosus var. humilis Mayr. This imported species, commonly known as the Argentine ant, is by far the worst house-infesting ant that we have in the state. At present, about seventy towns in Mississippi are known to be infested with it and there are, no doubt, many others of which we have no record. The workers have a habit of getting into every conceivable place, especially where food is stored. They have been known to crawl over a chunk of ice in a refrigerator in order to reach meat. They also drive setting hens from the nest, thus making chicken raising in some towns practically im- possible. The greatest damage from the Argentine ant is 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '24 caused, no doubt, through its pernicious habit of spreading scale insects, plant lice, mealy bugs, etc. Last year the state spent about $25,000 in fighting this pest. Campaigns of con- trol were conducted in seventeen of the infested towns. Once these ants become established in a town they drive, or kill out all of the native ants, with the exception of a few small species with which they live amicably. The spread of this species is, for the greater part, accomplished by man through the channels of commerce. The Plant Board has, on numerous oc- casions, intercepted these ants in nursery shipments from in- fested to non-infested places. This ant can be distinguished from its nearest relatives by the absence of an odor, by the rather slender appearance, the uniform brownish color, and by the absence of a sting. 51. — Eciton (Acmatus) schmitti Emery. A. and M. College ; Natchez ; Starkville, Toomsuba. This is perhaps the commonest Eciton in the state. The workers have vestigial eyes and are more or. less blind, probably depending on their sense of smell for guidance. The ants are seldom seen on the surface of the ground. They are fond of fleshy foods and, as far as the writer is aware, are never seen in attendance on any honey dew-excreting forms of insects. A female of this species was plowed up by a correspondent at Toomsuba. E. schmitti can be distinguished from its nearest relatives by the opaque, reddish brown head, thorax, petiole and postpetiole, which are also punctate and foveolate. 52. — E. (Acmatus) opacithorax Emery. Sibley. This species has been taken but once in the state, altho it will probably be found later to occur throughout the state. The ants seem to show a fondness for nesting in wood, the writer having taken them from beneath the bark of a pine log in North Carolina. Mr. Fleming has also found them nesting in the base of a stump at Sibley. The food habits of schmitti and opacithorax are the same. Opacithorax, as its name indicates, can easily be distinguished from the other Ecitons by its opaque thorax. The head, ab- domen and appendages are smooth and shining. This is a light, yellowish red species. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 85 53. — E. (Acmatus) pilosus F. Smith. Sihley ; Hazlehurst. This does not seem to be a very com- mon species in Mississippi. Mr. Fleming, who took specimens at Sibley, wrote the writer as follows concerning them : "I saw several colonies moving the same day. The colonies are evi- dently very large, one moving along a path leading to my yard formed a solid colmun, ^g to j/2 inch broad and about 150 feet long : it then separated into two lines going a little to the right and left of the original column. I could see' the two branches for about 25 feet. I do not know how long they were in going, but in places they left a distinct trail where they had passed along. I did not see where they came from or where they went." Mr. Fleming also sent the writer a species of ant, which some of the workers of pilosus were carrying in their mouths ; the ant, on determination, proved to be Crcinastogostcr asluncadi. 'Wheel- er mentions that the Ecitons are fond of the larvae and pupae of other ants and will forage their nests. This may explain what was taking place when Mr. Fleming observed them. In January, 1915, a correspondent at Hazlehurst sent in a number of specimens of pilosus which he claimed were getting into his well and decomposing, thus causing the water to have a foul odor. (To be continued.) Some Apparently New Heteroptera from Florida. By W. S. BLATCHLEY, Indianapolis, Indiana. During the past two years the writer has had in preparation a work on the Heteroptera of the Eastern United States. While thus engaged a number of apparently undescribed forms have been found among the Florida material in his private col- lection. As it will be two years or more before the main work- is ready for the press, it is thought best to publish the descrip- tions of five of these at the present time. The types of all are in the private collection of the writer. Geotomus cavicollis sp. nov. Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head, pronotum. scutellum and under surface black, shining; hind margin of pronotum and corium piceous ; membrane dull whitish- t<> fuscous-hyaline; 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '24 antennae, beak, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown ; femora piceous. Head slightly wider across the eyes than long, its front margin broadly rounded, thickened and reflexed, but without bristles or teeth within the margin ; cheeks vaguely, transversely rugose, sparsely, irregularly, rather finely punctate. Antennae with joints 2 and 3 subequal in length, the former more slender and almost nude, 5 slightly longer than 4, 3 — 5 thickly pilose with stiff suberect hairs. Beak reaching middle coxae. Pronotum wider than long, its front margin broadly concave, bordered within by a regular row of rather coarse punctures ; side margins feebly sinuate ; disk with a large, broad, rather deep, impunctate concavity on middle of apical half, on each side of this sparsely and coarsely punctate, the punctures ex- tending along the sides behind the concavity to basal third. Submargins of head and pronotum with a few scattered erect bristly hairs. Scutellum with a submarginal row of fine punc- tures and a few coarser scattered ones on apical half. Corium with four irregular rows of punctures, the inner row nearly entire, the others abbreviated ; clavus with a single row of punctures. Genital plate of male deeply concave above, its apex broadly rounded. Length 5-6 mm. Arch Creek and Dunedin, Florida, March 1-21. Taken by sifting dead leaves and -beneath cover along the margins of wet hammocks. Not being able to determine from literature the first examples taken, they were submitted to both E. P. Van Duzee and H. G. Barber. The former called it Pangacns sp. ?, the latter at first thought it was Aethns indcntatns Uhler with the submarginal bristles of front of head abraded. How- ever, the finding of additional specimens without bristles on head proved that it is not an Acthus. Mr. Barber later com- pared it with all specimens in the Uhler and National Museum Collections, finding.it very distinct from A. indentatus Uhl. He found no named specimens like it ; but among the unidentified material there was a single specimen from Paradise Key, Fla., and another from Alabama, and he has one in his own collection from North Carolina. This species forms a sort of connecting link between the genera Pangaeus and Geotomus. In size and general facies it more closely resembles the former but the preapical impressed line of pronotum, which is the primary XXXV, '24] KNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 distinguishing character of Pangacus, is represented only by a row of coarse punctures. It is much larger than our other known species of Gcotomus and the sculpture of the upper sur- face is very different from them, but in all generic keys of literature it runs to Geotomus, and is therefore described as a member of that genus. Type a male taken at Duneclin, Florida, March 4, 1921. Podops peninsularis sp. nov. Oblong-oval, small for the genus. Above dull grayish-brown, tinged with fuscous ; head and front portion of pronotum thinly clothed with prostrate yellow pubescence; punctures of prono- tum and scutellum each enclosing a minute yellow scale ; first four joints of antennae reddish-brown tinged with fuscous, last joint piceous, pubescent ; under surface uniform piceous, the punctures each with a yellow prostrate scale-like hair ; legs fuscous or piceous, annulate with dull yellow. Head as in dubhis, the cheeks just equalling or scarcely ex- ceeding the tylus, the convex portion of latter shorter. Joints 2-4 of antennae subequal, fifth fusiform, longer and stouter. Beak as described in bb of accompanying key, scarcely reaching middle coxae. Pronotum with median transverse groove less distinct than in ditbius, the disk behind it strongly convex, rather coarsely and thickly punctate, the tooth or projection of front angles much smaller than in dub his, not exceeding the eye, subtriangular, its tip subacute ; sinus in front of humeral projection less deep. Scutellum much as in d it bins, the posterior impression scarcely evident. Abdomen much more thickly and finely punctate. Male geni- tal segment semicircular, with a deep curved median impression, the basal portion thickly coarsely punctate, the apical one broad- ly and deeply concave with slightly projecting apical angles. For other characters see the key. Length 5-5.5 mm. ; width, 3.2-3.5 mm. Described from two males and four females taken at Dune- din, Florida, December 24 — March 4, from beneath boards and among grass roots on the margins of ponds. Our smallest species, resembling a miniature dubius but very distinct by the characters given in the key and description. Type a male taken at Dunedin, Fla., February 21, 1921. Four species of Podops are now known from the Eastern 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS [Mar., '24 United States. These may be readily separated by the fol- lowing Key to Species of Podops. a. Tooth or projection near humeral angle of pronotum very prominent subcylindrical, surpassing the humerus by a dis- tance equal to length of eye, its apex and front edge curved ; margin of pronotum in front of humeral tooth deeply sinuate or concave. b. Lobe or tooth at front angle of pronotum very large, surpassing the eye by one-third or more of its length, its apex obtuse ; beak reaching or slightly surpassing the hind coxae, it second and third joints subequal, each one- half longer than fourth ; femora wholly piceous-black ; length 7-9 mm. dubius (P. B.) bb. Tooth at front angle of pronotum much smaller, not surpassing eye, its apex subacute ; beak scarcely reaching middle coxae, its second joint nearly as long as third and fourth united ; femora annulated with paler ; much smaller, not over 5.5 mm. peninsularis sp. nov. an. Tooth near humeral angle of pronotum much less promi- nent, but slightly surpassing the humerus, subtriangular, its apex obtuse or subacute ; margin of pronotum in front of tooth feebly sinuate or straight. c. Larger, 6-6.5 mm. ; middle of abdomen sparsely, irregu- larly punctate ; margin of pronotum between apical and humeral projections, distinctly not deeply sinuate ; outer apical angles of male genital plate produced and visible from above beyond the apex of scutellum. cinctipcs (Say.) cc. Smaller, not over 5.5 mm. ; abdomen deeply and uni- formly punctate throughout ; margin of pronotum be- tween the projections straight ; outer apical angles of male genital plate short, obtuse, not visible from above. pari'itlns Van 1). Mezira novella sp. nov. Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown, under surface and dor sum of connexivum paler ; membrane fuscous with a vague pale spot at base. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 89 Head as long as wide across the eyes ; tylus almost reaching apex of first antennal ; antenniferous spines small, triangular, acute; vertex coarsely unevenly granulated, the impressions very small ; postocular tubercles distinct, obtuse ; antennae stout, dis- tinctly shorter than head and pronotum united, joints 2 and 4 subequal in length, 3 two-thirds longer than either. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, sides distinctly not deeply sinuate near middle, margins finely reflexed, median transverse im- pression evident, ill-defined, disk with front portion bearing four oval or lozenge-shaped low but distinct tubercles, hind portion finely and densely granulated. Scutellum triangular, much narrower than in granulata, the apex more acute; disk with a transverse smooth elevation at base, this divided at middle by a distinct longitudinal median ridge which extends to apex. Abdomen narrow, the sides parallel. Ventral segments with the usual ridge lying just within the spiracles very faint. Genital segment of male subtriangular, obtuse behind, carinate and subimpressed each side above, lobes narrow, very small. Length 4.5-4.8 mm. Cape Sable, Florida, February 25-28 ; a dozen or more speci- mens beneath bark of decaying limbs in dense hammocks. Small- er and paler than granulata, with sculpture of scutellum very different. Pronotum with side margins narrower, much less 'deeply sinuate, their apical lobe less pronounced; front portion of disk with tubercles more distinct, hind portion much more finely and densely granulated. Type, a male from Cape Sable, Florida, February 25, 1919. Ptochiomera (Carpilis) barberi sp. nov. Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum, base of scutellum and under surface dark reddish-brown ; elytra, nodulose hind angles of pronotum and apical half of scutellum in part, pale brownish- yellow, their punctures but slightly darker; antennae reddish- brown, the base of second joint paler ; legs and beak pale yellow. Antennae relatively stout, as long as head and pronotum united ; first joint stout, subcylindrical, exceeding tip of tylus by half its length; second subclavate, twice the length of fourth three times that of third ; the third joint and apical half of second as stout as fourth. Brachypterous form with pronotum subcylindrical, front lobe scarcely wider and three times as long as hind one, minutely punctate, its sides straight, very feebly converging from base to apex; hind lobe with hind angle-- -trongly nodulose, rather 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Alar., '24 coarsely rugosely punctate. Scutellum sparsely punctate, the preapical median carina very fine. Elytra obovate, the corium and clavus scarcely differentiated ; membrane absent ; corium reaching- fifth dorsal, its hind margin obliquely truncate. Front femora strongly swollen, armed beneath with two rows of fine subequal teeth ; front tibiae of males strongly curved, armed beneath at apical fifth with an acute tooth. Length 2.8- 3 mm. Dunedin and Cape Sable, Florida, January 26-February 23. Described from two brachypterous males taken from beneath boards on the bay beaches. Type, a male from Dunedin, Florida. January 26, 1921. Named in honor of H. G. Barber, of Roselle, New Jersey, our leading American authority on the Lygaeidae. The cotype is in his collection. The form of pronotum and an- tennal segments and the dark hue of hind lobe of pronotum easily distinguish this from ferntginea Stal. These two species represent in the United States the genus Carp His of Stal, erected in 1874, with ferruginea as the type. They differ from our other Ptochioinera in having the antennae shorter with the last three joints furnished with stiff erect hairs, in the toothed front tibiae of males and in the front lobe of pronotum being more than twice the length of hind one. These characters are, in my opinion, of sufficient value to retain Carpilis, at least as a subgenus, instead of making it an absolute synonym of Pto- chiomcra, as has been done by Barber. Cnemodus hirtipes sp. nov. Smaller and more slender than typical mavortius. Color the same, except that the femora are tinged with fuscous. Hind lobe of pronotum with the sides more thickened and the disk more finely and sparsely punctate. Femora and tibiae furnished with numerous long, erect yellowish hairs. Length, 7-8 mm. Ormond, Moore Haven, Sarasota and Dunedin, Florida, De- cember 6-April 6. Scarce about Dunedin beneath pine needles and other cover. The macropterous form at porch light. In mavortius the tibiae are glabrous and the femora have only a very few widely scattered erect hairs. Type, a male from Moore Haven, Florida, March 20, 1922. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91 Lepidoptera Geometridae : Notes and Descriptions. By W. S. WRIGHT, San Diego, California. Stamnodes coenonymphata Hulst. Of all the species of Stamnodes known to me, coenonymphata Hulst is perhaps the most puzzling. A small series identified by the late John A. Grossbeck has stood under this name in my collection for a number of years. Three of the series are from the San Francisco Bay region, the rest from San Diego. Before me at the time of this writing is a small series of San Diego specimens from the collection of my friend, George H. Field. The examples in this series were identified by Mr. Louis Swett and the late Mr. Grossbeck. Specimens in the Pearsall and Grossbeck collections now deposited with the American Museum, New York City, were mostly from Mr. Field's and my collections. Practically all these specimens are more or less worn and might easily agree with Hulst's diagnosis, since it lacks certain details which., in the light of recent collections made in San Diego, seem to be necessary to exactly describe the species. Unfortunately I do not have before me either the type or specimens from the type locality. A single specimen from Los Angeles falls into my Group D. During the winter and spring of 1921-22 I collected about 150 specimens at San Diego. None but perfect specimens were taken. These, together with the small series before referred to, comprise a series of 170 examples. Viewed from above the entire group seems to be quite typical of coenonymphata as identified by Swett and by Grossbeck. The three San Francisco specimens differ quite markedly in the form of the wings, the costal edge being much less curved and the apex more produced than in the case with San Diego examples. This small group may require another name. The San Diego specimens easily fall into four groups with variants in each group. While the lines defining the several groups are quite distinct they do not, to my mind, provide sufficient evidence for the erection of new species, but they do, in the light of present day practices among students, justify form or race names. 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL JSVEWS [Mar., '24 Stamnodes coenonymphata coenonymphata (Hulst). Group A. This group containing 61 specimens agrees most nearly with Hulst's description of coenonymphata. There are, however, some differences. Beyond the third costal spot and near the apex a faint line appears crossing the "dark apex, in triangular shape" parallel with outer margin. This line is a reflection of a sharp division of the apical area beneath, the outer portion being of the same general color as the inner portion but less intense, the difference being due to the presence of some scattered white scales and small masses of red scales in the marginal space. The so-called "broad light colored cross lines, nearly white" on the secondaries fail to appear as describ- ed. In the typical specimens of this group the line is narrow, often reduced to a mere hair line. The basal area is nearly black. The narrow white line starts from just beyond the small white discal dot, rounds the cell and reaches the middle of the inner margin perpendicularly. Beyond the white line is a broad blackish band with a few scattered white scales and small masses of red scales. In the marginal space the black of the mesial band gives way to red, while the costal edge from base to mesial dark band is often broadly red with small scattered masses of black scales and, in some specimens, a diffuse mass of white near the outer end of the cell. This group, although apparently differing rather widely from the description, seems to me to be nearest the type and for it I propose the name coenonymphata coenonymphata (Hulst). Stamnodes coenonymhata prunata forma nova. Group B. has a much different appearance both above and below. Above, the costal spots are larger and more contrasting, the subterminal faint line mentioned in Group A is more con- spicuous and the veins in the terminal space are more or less distinctly outlined in yellow. In nearly every specimen of this group the central portion of the "subquadrate darker space" of the primaries is yellowish, especially on the costa where the yel- low often occupies fully one-third of the costal space between the second and third costal spots. Beneath, the maculation is quite remarkable. The costa of primaries is marked by four yellow spots. From the fourth spot a broad line crosses the wing as in typical coenonymphata, the apex is of a brilliant white faintly tinged with blue. The basal third of the secondaries is white, with a thick scattering of fuscous-black strigae. Just before the characteristic broad white line at the middle is a clear fuscous-black patch irregular in outline and approximating the inner margin. In the space XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 93 beyond the white line is a broad fuscous-black band occupying about half the space between white line and termen and cross- ing the wing completely from costal to inner edge, while the broad marginal band is a clear brilliant white with a few scat- tered dark strigae ; fringe concolorous. For this Group, containing 55 specimens, I propose the name coenonymphata prunata forma nova. Stamnodes coenonymphata pallidata forma nova. Group C. contains 46 examples and is more nearly typical above, according to the description, than are the members of either Group A or B ; however, beneath it is much lighter in color, with a tendency for the first and second costal marks to become obsolete. The bluish white apical patch of primaries is less brilliant, tending to become more or less obsolete, while the bands of the secondaries tend to become diffuse, losing the fuscous and black scales and tending to numerous strigae and masses of bright red scales. On account of its much lighter appearance I propose for this group the name coenonymphata pallidata forma nova. Stamnodes coenonymphata brunneata forma nova. The fourth group, Group D, is composed of twelve speci- mens, much smaller than those of the other three groups, 22 to 25 mm. This group resembles the members of Group C on the upper surface. Beneath, however, there is a wide difference. Only the third costal mark is apparent in most of the specimens, the first and second are either absent or reduced to mere specks. The costal edge and apex are bright red, the rest of the wing is smoky fuscous. The secondaries are a clear red \vith black strigae in the basal area, while in the area beyond the cell only scattered black atoms appear in the red field. In a few speci- mens the outer edge of the basal area is marked by a thickening of the black strigae sufficiently to form a definite line across the wing. For this group T propose the name coenonyinpliata bnuuicata forma nova. Stamnodes coenonymphata eldridgensis (Swett). Another small group of six specimens appears to answer to the description of cldrigensis Swett. Some time ago I sent a specimen of what I now propose to call form prunata to Mr. Swett, with an MS. giving it specific 04 F.XTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '24 standing, for his criticism. He then pointed out to me that it was in all probability his eldridgensis, but recently described from a single male taken at Eldridge, California. A careful comparison of Swett's diagnosis with that of Hulst fails to show differences of sufficient clearness to warrant the retention of Swett's species and, in the face of his admissions (in lit.), I feel sure that eldridgensis must either fall to coenonymphata or become one of its forms, in which case it would be known as coenonymphata eldridgensis (S\vett). The recorded captures in all these groups are from the latter part of November to early in March except in Group C which, with but four exceptions was taken in January, two were captured in the last of December and two during the first week of February. All specimens were taken at light, only perfect specimens being taken. The types and paratypes here listed are all in the author's collection. Cosymbia piazzaria n. sp. Alar expanse 22-25 mm. Palpi pale, tinged outwardly at tip and on second member with fulvous. Front fulvous, a little lighter just above the clypeus. Antennal pectinations fulvous on the upper side. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with the upper surface of the wings. Primaries : — The ground color above is ochreous with bright fulvous strigations rather evenly distributed over the entire surface of the wings. About one-fourth out from the base is a black line curving outwardly across the wing in a series of dots on the veins. At one-fourth in from the apex a similar line crosses the wing parallel with the outer margin. In the cell a white dot, broadly linear, surrounded by a wide ring of black. Just beyond the discal dot is a broad, smoky, sinuate line or band crossing the wing from costa to inner margin. A terminal line of black dots, while in the base of the fringe and alternate with the black dots is a series of fuscous dots. Fringe short, concolorous and lustrous. Beneath ; the same color as above but with fewer fulvous strigations. Discal dot visible, outer and terminal lines re- peated but rather fulvous than black. Secondaries concolorous ; lines and bands of the primaries continued across the wings. Beneath ; as in the primaries. The female is colored and marked as in the male with the XXXV, '24] KXT()M< (LOGICAL NEWS ''5 exception that the black median band is likely to be more or less fulvous on the disk. Holotype, male, San Diego, California, Aug. 21. 1919. Alto- type, female, Echo Mt., Calif., July 24, 1921. Paratypcs; (a) male, San Diego, Calif., Febr. 15, 1916. (b) male, Echo Mt. Calif., July 23, 1921 ; (c) female, Echo Mt., Calif., July 24, 1921. (d) female, Yavapai County, Arizona, Sept. 13. I have before me 9 specimens of this very interesting species. Three are so badly damaged as to make it unwise to make them paratypes. One of the three, taken at Prescott, Arizona, is much lighter in color and marked much as in myrtaria, the others present all the essential characters of pmzzana but are otherwise torn and broken. Paratype (a) is quite remarkable in that the colors are much stronger and more contrasting than in the holotype. The species has much the same general ap- pearance as to color as myrtaria while the maculation resembles that of himcnaria; I should say that its taxonomic position is between the two. I dedicate the species to my friend Mr. E. Piazza, of San Diego, through whose kindness I obtained all but one of the specimens. Venusia foxi n. sp. Expanse 28 mm. Palpi rough scaled, brown. End joint minute and lighter colored. Antennae of the female filiform, scaled above, annulate, ciliate beneath. Front brown and white scales mixed, rounded but not bulging. Vertex and collar con- colorous with the front. Thorax brown; patagiae white with a slight mixture of brown. Abdomen cinereous with brown and white cross lines at the joints. Legs brown cinereous ; tarsi annulate with white. Primaries with brownish white ground color, darkest along outer margin. A basal half -line, faint on costa but well marked on median vein where it stops. About 2 mm. out is a broad black line accented on the veins, widest on costa and narrowing gradually to inner margin where it terminates about 1.5 mm. out. Between this line and the middle of the wing are three rather indistinct or diffuse black lines accented on the veins, especially on sub-median and on la. At the middle, or a little less than half-way out, is a broad black line, appearing as a °o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar.. '24 black soot from costa to sulvosta. a short < mark at beginning of vein 2 and a black streak on la. A small black discal dot followed by a sinuate hair line traceable clear across the wing. An extra discal line commences in a squarish spot on costa and parallels the preceding hair line in a series of black dots on the veins. Three more black lines cross the wing in the sub- marginal space. A submarginal. scalloped, white line crosses the wing from a point about 1 mm. in from apex to anal angle. The nervures through the marginal space are streaked with dark brown or blackish. At the ends of the nervures is a series of twinned black spots. Fringe sordid, checkered with brownish. Secondaries concolorous. darker at margins. Discal dot black. Veins beyond the cell accented with brown. Marginal line as in primaries. Beneath cinereous ; smoky along costa and outward ; discal dots apparent ; extra-discal line on primaries traceable beyond the cell in both wings. Xervures accented with brown. Holotype female ; Mendocino County. California. Aug. 23. 1915 (Fox). The type agrees best with Eppcrrata dihttata Hiibner as de- scribed in Packard's Monograph; it is. however, much smaller and quite distinct. I am pleased to dedicate the species to Mr. C. L. Fox, of San Francisco, through whose kindness the speci- men came to me. • «•» • The American Species of the Drosophilid genus Stegana iDiptera). By J. R. MALLOCH. U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. In this paper are presented in synoptic form brief descriptions of the species of the genus Stegana Meigen which are known to occur in the Xew World with the exception of one described by Williston from St. Vincent. The material was, with the exception of one specimen, col- lected by Pablo Schild in San Mateo, Costa Rica ; the single exception being a paratype of uniform is taken in the Canal Zone. Panama, by R. C. Shannon. The types are all in the United States National Museum collection. Fuller descriptions will appear later in the Proceedings of the National Museum. XXXV, '24| ENToM7 Key to Species. 1. Thorax and abdomen brownish black, only the humeri and apex of scutellum yellowish ; all femora and mid and hind tibiae except their apices pitchy black ; palpi, frons and knobs of halteres brownish black ; apical scutellar bristles about three-fourths as long as basal pair ; pleura not conspicuously vitiate with black nigrita sp. n. Thorax more largely yellowish, at least the lower half of pleura pale, usually with a \vell differentiated black vitta on upper half 2 2. Fore tarsi compressed, three or four segments deep black, fifth or basal and fifth pale yellow 3 Fore tarsi not or very slightly compressed, with at most the basal two segments dark 4 3. Palpi partly black ; basal segment of fore tarsi pale yellow ; pleura with a deep black vitta on upper part tarsalis Williston Palpi yellow ; basal segment of fore tarsi black, only the fifth pale yellow; pleura with two blackish vittae ; eye fully as high as long; scutellum with the apical pair of bristles not half as long as basal pair; third antennal segment mostly black, pale only at extreme base atrimana sp. n. 4. Palpi largely or entirely black 5 Palpi entirely yellow 8 5. Height of cheek posteriorly at least as great as width of third antennal segment ; antennae hardly extending to mouth margin, generally entirely pale yellow ; thorax normally with three narrow complete black vittae, two incomplete paler vittae laterad of these, and the lateral margins blackish ; pleural vittae entire ; all tibiae yellow ; face usually yellow, with an elongate mark in each an- tennal fovea ; eyes much higher than long ; scutellum with the apical pair of bristles about two-thirds as long as the basal pair; labrum yellow cwrvipennis Fallen Cheek linear, at no point half as high as width of third an- tennal segment ; antennae extending to or below mouth margin d 6 The black vitta on upper part of pleura not entire, not extending to anterior margin of propleura ; thoracic dor- sum yellow, with two broad entire submedian fuscous vittae, and the lateral margins fuscous from slightly in front of bases of wings to hind margin, the mesonotum thus having a broad yellow mark from propleura run- 98 KXToMoi.or.irAL NEWS | Mar., '24 ning obliquely over humeral angle to near middle of disc ; f rons with a very large black mark on ocellar region and another on anterior margin connected by a black median line ; femora except apices, and tibiae in middle black ; face not carinate above ; vibrissal angle and sides of labrum conspicuously blackened ; a vitta over upper part of sternopleura ; fore tarsi yellow interrupta sp. n. The black vitta on upper part of pleura complete, ex- tending broadly over propleura; mesonotum not vittate as above, no oblique pale humeral stripe 7 7. Fore tarsi entirely yellow ; mesonotum with two rather distinct narrow dark vittae along each lateral margin ; fore femur with a brown band at base and a brown spot at apex on anterior side ; face with a rounded convex elevation in center above middle, and two black trans- verse bands, one close to lower margin and the other over the convexity; frons marked as in interrupta tcmpifcra sp. n. Basal segment of fore tarsi largely or entirely fuscous ; mesonotum not noticeably vittate ; fore femur with a blackish mark at apex on anterior side ; face concave, entirely yellowish ; frons yellow, ocellar region blackish fiamfrons sp. n. 8. Eye longer than high ; cheek as high as width of third an- tennal segment 9 Eye at least as high as long, generally higher ; cheek linear, or almost so, not over half as high as width of third an- tennal segment 14 9. Wing unevenly infuscated, the costal margin broadly brown, two spots in first posterior cell, one in middle of discal cell, the veins and apical margin suffused with brown, the latter irregularly so ; dorsum of thorax with six, pleura with two black vittae ; large species, 6 mm. in length magnified Hendel Wing almost uniformly infuscated, generally slightly paler along hind margin, never spotted ; each humeral angle with two bristles except in coieoptrata 10 10. Face not noticeably carinate in center below bases of an- tennae ; thoracic dorsum and scutellum brownish black, the latter with a conspicuous white central vitta which is not sharply margined ; mid and hind femora each with a fuscous stripe which runs obliquely downward from near middle to near apex on anterior side ; frons glossy black, XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS ' >' ' yellowish on each side in front of proclinate bristle, and at each anterior lateral angle planifacies sp. n. Face with a conspicuous sharp ridge or carina on upper half in center ; scutellum without a conspicuous white central vitta ; femora not marked as above 11 11. Frons entirely glossy black; mesonotum and abdomen brownish black, the former paler on sides, but not dis- tinctly vittate ; inner cross-vein of wing at middle of discal cell; femora of mid and hind legs broadly fuscous at apices, tibiae of same legs fuscous at bases atrifrons sp. n. Frons largely yellow 12 12. Anterior third of frons glossy black, remainder dusky yel- low, the ocellar region brownish or fuscous ; inner cross- vein close to middle of discal cell ; mid femora dark- brown on apical half or more, most conspicuously so on anterior side, hind femora less distinctly marked, the brown color extending along almost the entire antero- dorsal surface schildi sp. n. Anterior third of frons not darker, than ocellar region; inner cross-vein very distinctly proximad of middle of discal cell 13 13. Anterior third of frons and a large mark covering ocellar region and extending from vertex to middle, but not cov- ering lateral margins, black ; mesonotum with the brown vittae in part fused, giving it the appearance of having a broad central vitta, which is widened posteriorly, and one on each side, which is more or less subdivided by yellow lines ; scutellum uniformly fuscous brown ; each humeral angle with two bristles iinifonnis sp. n. Frons inconspicuously marked with pale brown, ocellar region fuscous; mesonotum with six brown vittae, the median pair sometimes fused ; scutellum usually with a pale median line ; each humeral angle with one bristle colcoptrata Scopoli 14. Pleura without an opaque black vitta above; inner cross- vein at one-third from base of discal cell: wing brown, hyaline from base to inner cross-vein, and with a large' hyaline spot beyond outer cross-vein; interfrontalia rather densely covered with microscopic erect hairs; apical scutellar bristles not much shorter than basal pair ; subcostal cell pointed at apex ; fifth vein continued in a straight line beyond outer cross-vein, its apex slightly curved upward; fourth vein curved forward on apical 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '24 third of its last section, not gradually approaching third on its entire length Orthosto-gana acutangula Hendel Pleura with a very conspicuous opaque black vitta on upper portion ; inner cross-vein at or very close to middle of discal cell; wing more uniformly brown, posterior margin generally paler, but there are never sharply de- fined hyaline areas ; inter-frontalia bare ; fifth vein usually rather abruptly deflected at or very little beyond outer cross-vein 15 15. Face entirely yellow; frons yellow, ocellar region darker; antennae yellow, apex of third segment black ; mid femur with a brown spot beyond middle ; knobs of hal- teres yellow brunnea sp. n. Face not entirely yellow 16 16. Face and frons yellow, the former with a narrow black cross-band above mouth and sometimes a darkened area below bases of antennae ; frons yellow, ocellar region fuscous ; antennae yellow, third segment partly or en- tirely black 17 Face and frons brownish fuscous ; antennae but little paler than face except basally 18 17. Third antennal segment almost entirely deep black; cheek- over half as high as width of third antennal segment; fore tibia dark brown beyond middle ; eye about as long as high affinis sp. n. Third antennal segment blackened at apex ; cheek linear, much less than half as high as width of third antennal segment ; fore tibia dark brown at base ; eye distinctly longer than high conformis sp. n. 18. Fore tarsi and tibiae yellow ; cheeks linear . fiaminana sp. n. Bases of fore tibiae and basal two segments of fore tarsi dark brown ; cheek about half as high as width of third antennal segment fuscibasis sp. n. From the description I judge that home Williston will run to tempifera in this key but there are color differences which cause me to consider that it is probably not that species. An examination of the type will be necessary to determine its identity. All the species in the key average from 2 to 3.5 mm. in length with the exception of intcrnipta and acutangula unless where mention is made of the size, and all conform in the generic characters distinguishing the genus from Phortica Schiner. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1924. Flying Men and Insects. A recent interesting bulletin (No. 1204, January, 1924) of the United States Department of Agriculture, entitled "Dust- ing Cotton from, Airplanes," by B. R. Coad, E. Johnson and G. L. McNeil, describes a phase of Tennyson's well-known prediction- Heard the heavens fill with shouting and there rain'd a ghastly dew. From the nations' airy navies grappling in the central blue, of which the poet probably never dreamed. By cooperation of the Federal Bureau of Entomology and the Air Service of the United States Army, experiments were made at Tallulah, Louis- iana, in August, 1922, to determine the possibility of checking the cotton leaf worm (Alabama argillacca Hiiln.) by dusting the threatened plants with insecticides from airplanes. Many technical difficulties had to be overcome, as set forth at length in the bulletin. Flights were made at varying ele- vations from 5 to 50 feet above the cotton plants "and it was almost always possible to distribute the poison from 25 feet or lower regardless of air conditions," as for example, "with an 8-mile breeze blowing, which would render absolutely impossible any effort to dust cotton with ordinary ground dusting ma- chines." In some of the tests the airplane operated "at an average rate of ground speed of 88 miles an hour and the 120 pounds [of calcium arsenate] contained in the hopper lasted over a strip 17,424 feet long." The flights were directed from the ground by a system of wig-wag signals with white flags. Among the advantages claimed for the use of airplanes for this purpose are their independence of ground conditions, such as rain-soaked fields which would prevent the employment of any ground machines, or the presence of stumps and similar obstacles, and an actual economy of cost at least where large areas are concerned. Many illustrations, some very striking, accompany the bulle- tin. 101 102 KNTo.vini.oGK'AL \K\vs [Mar., '24 The airplane has frequently been suggested for the explora- tion of relatively inaccessible countries. We look forward to its use by some enterprising entomologist to obtain the gorgeous butterflies which frequent the flowers at the summits of mighty trees in the tropical forests, or rare and swift flying cicadas and dragonflies. The hitherto inviolate habitats of restricted moun- tain insects will be invaded by the knight of the net and the bottle and the supremacy of the Age of Insects will be threat- ened by the Flying Man. Note« and Ne\vs. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE On the Synonymy of Prodenia eridania Cram. (Lep., Phal- aenidae=Noctuidae. Prodenia eridania Cram, (partim.) 1782, Cram., Pap. Exot., IV, 133, pi. CCCLVIII, f. F, (nee E), Noctna. 1825, Hbn., Verz., p. 244, Callicrgis. 1852, Gn., Sp. Gen., V, Noct., I, 148, Xylomyges. 1856, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., IX, 182, ?Xylom\ges. 1893, Sm., Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 169, Prodenia,' 1909, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 271, as eridania ab. 1 -- cxterna, Xylomyges. 1917, B. & McD., Check List, p. 67, No. 2573, Prodenia. externa Wlk. 1856, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., IX, 114, Leucania. 1909, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 272, eridania ab. 1, Xylomyges. nigrofascia Hist. 1881, Hist, Bull. B'klyn Ent. Soc., Ill, 77, Leucania. 1881, Tepper & Smith, Bull. B'klyn Ent. Soc., IV, 7, pi. I, f. 9, nigrafascia (in err.), Leucania. form norm, linea Fabr. 1794, Fabr., Ent. Syst, III, No. 2, 106, Noctna. 1909, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 271, text fig. 73, as eridania, Xylomyges. eridania Cram, (partim.) 1782, Cram., Pap. Exot., IV, 133, pi. CCCLVIII, f. E, (nee F), Noctua. phytolaccae A. & S. 1797, A. & S., Lep. Ins. Ga., II. 193, pi. XCVI1, biol., Phalaena. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 103 1852, Gn., Sp. Gen., V, Noct., I. 148, == eridania Cram. 358E, cridania var., Xylomygcs. 1856, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het. R. M., IX, 183, eridania var. B., fXylomyges. dcntpta Morr. 1875, Morr., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 62, Actinotia. The correct nomenclature of this economic species appears confused. Cramer figured both the normal form and the form with the black fascia from reniform to termen. Guenee (1852) restricted the name eridania to figure F of plate CCCLVIII of Cramer, placing the normal form as phy- tolaccae A. & S. In this, he is followed by Walker (1856). Hampson ( 1909) seems to have overlooked these prior fixa- tions, designating the form with the black fascia as eridania ab. 1 = externa Wlk. The normal form of the species will apparently have to be called Prodenia cridania form line a Fabr., while the aberrant form with the black fascia, not restricted to females, must take the specific name, Prodenia cridania Cram. Only that part of the bibliography which may prove of in- terest is listed. Other synonyms, based on exotic specimens, are not listed herein; (see Smith 1893 and Hampson 1909).— WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur, Illinois. On the Retention of ii or i in Specific Patronymic Names. In general the rules formulated by the Ninth International Zoological Congress, and the opinions rendered by the Inter- national Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, regarding the retention of ii or i in specific patronymic names seem to have escaped the attention of Lepidopterists. The Barnes and McDunnough Check List, and most workers, have followed Article 14 of the International Rules, which states; "If the name is a modern patronymic, the genitive is always formed by adding, to the exact and complete name, an / if the person is a man, or an ac if the person is a woman, even if the name has a Latin form; it is placed in the plural if the dedication involves several persons of the same name." The result has been that many names originally published with ii termination have been changed to i termination. However, Article 19 states; "The original orthography of a name is to be preserved unless an error of transcription, a lapsus calami, or a typographical error i> evident". 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Mar., '24 The question of the ii versus i in specific patronymic names, is exhaustively dealt with in Opinion 8 of the International Commission, (see Pub. 1938, Smithsonian Institution, pp. 11-12, 1910). As this opinion may be unavailable to many readers, its con- clusion is quoted. "The conclusion must therefore" be drawn that under the present Code the original form of the name should be retained, regardless of the question whether it ends in i. or ii, although authors are advised to be very careful about this point in form- ing new names, and to adopt the ii only when the person's name used as a basis for the specific name ends in i". — WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur, Illinois. The Genus Cyptobunus Banks (Phalangida). In 1905 Banks described (Ent. News, 16:252) a small Phalangid from a cave near Limespur, Montana, which he named Cyptobunus cavicolus. Banks based his genus Cypto- bunus primarily on the absence of lateral teeth on the claws of the tarsi of the third and fourth legs. In 1914 Roewer (Arch, f. Naturg. v. 80, Abt. A. Heft. 12, p. 167) stated that he be- lieved that the type was an immature specimen and that the real position of the genus must await the examination of mature specimens. Some years ago the Cornell University collection received from Prof. R. A. Cooley two specimens of the species from the same cave, collected in 1910. They are apparently mature and about 2 mm. in length. The claw of the tarsi of the third and fourth legs bear on each side a small but distinct tooth. Since in other respects this species agrees generically with Sclerobunus robustus Packard, the type of the genus, it must be placed there. Cyptobunus therefore becomes a synonym of Sclerobunus.— C. R. CROSBY and S. C. BISHOP, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Muscina pascuorum Meigen in Maryland (Dipt.: Muscidae). This common European fly, first captured in America in 1922 in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey (C. W. Johnson, Psyche, XXX, 1, 1923) is taken this, the following year at Plummers Island, Maryland ; one female, in house, No- vember 11, 1923. R. C. SHANNON, U. S. National Museum. Washington, D. C. XXXV. '24] KN TO MO LOGICAL \K\VS 1(15 Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHX. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at tin- Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the Kn- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Ara<-lmid;i ;unl Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will nut 1,.- noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are publish' • r..rd. Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Kn- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed. 6 — Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 7- Annals of The Entomological Society of America, Colum- bus, Ohio. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 10 — Proceed- ings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 15 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 20 -Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 21 — The Entomologist's Record, London. 42 — Entomolo- giske Meddelelser udgivne af Entomologisk Forening, Kjo- benhavn. 49— Entomologische Mitteilungen Berlin-Dah- lem. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National Mus- eum. 57 — Biologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig. 59 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington, D. C. 64 — -Para- sitology, London. 68 — Science, Garrison on the Hudson, N. Y. 72 — The Annals of Applied Biology, London. 76- Nature, London. 77 — Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologic, Paris. 78 — Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 79 — Bulletin of the Mus- eum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cam- bridge, Mass. 85 — -The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 87 — Arkiv for Zoologi, K. Svenska Vetens- kapsakademien, Stockholm. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 99 — Bulletin du Museum National d'His- toire Naturelle, Paris. 100— Biological Bulletin of the Mar- ine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 101 — Jour- nal of The Linneau Society of London. 116 — Entomolo- gische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt, a. M. 119 — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A., Washing- ton, D. C. 133 — Zoologica. Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society. 141 — Internationale Ento- mologische Zeitschrift, Gnben, Germany. 154 — -Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon. 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Alar., '24 GENERAL. Baker, C. F. — Comparison of neotropical and palaeotropical insect faunae (Phil. Jour. Sci., xxiii, 531-2.) Clements and Long — Experimental pollination. An outline of the ecology of flowers and insects. (Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub., No. 336.) Fabre, J. H.— Biographical note. (La Nature, 1923, 353-4.) Horn, W. — Et meminisse et vaticinari liceat. 15. Ueber Kropotkin und Darwin. 49, xii, 215-6. Howard, L. O. — Retarded establishment of in- troduced parasites of injurious insects. 119, x, 16-18. Hung- erford, H. B. — Historical account of department of ento- mology [Kansas Unive.]. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 7-15.) Lawson, P. B. — Report upon the celebration of May 16, 1921, in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of S. J. Hunt- er's connection with the department. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 21-3.) Moore & Hungerford. — Water insects from a portion of the southern Utah desert. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 409-21.) Pavlovsky, E. N. — Description of a box for collecting and transporting living insects, etc. 64, xiv, 47-50. Pratt, J. G. — Preparing insects for the camera. (Na- ture Mag., 1924, 95-98.) Swinehoe, C.— Obituary. 9, Ivii, 23-4. Wulker, G. — Parasitische wurmer bei insekten. 141, xvii, 138-43 (cont.) ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Bram- bell, F. W. R. — Sex-reversal and intersexuality. (Jour. R. Microsc. Soc., 1923, 395-408.) Burrows, M. T.— A study of the relation between function and growth in body cells (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 475-504.) Clausen, R. E.— The inheritance of cinnabar eye color in Drosophila melanogas- ter, including data on the locus of jaunty. 85, xxxviii, 423- 36. Crampton, G. C. — A comparison of the labium in cer- tain holometabolous insects from the standpoint of phylog- eny. 10, xxv, 171-80. Glenn, P. A. — A problem in the rela- tion of temperature to rate of insect development. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 317-23.). Hering, M. — Das histologische bild der von insektenlarven erzeugten blattminen. (Mikro- kosmos, xvii, 49-53.) Kopec, S. — Studies on the influence of inanition on the development and the duration of life in in- sects. On the heterogeneous influence of starvation of male and of female insects on their offspring. 100, xlvi. 1-21 ; 22-34. McFarland, J. — Fighting foes too small to see. (Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Co., 1924, 309 pp.) Turner, C. H. —A new field method of investigating the hydrotropisms of fresh-water invertebrates. 100, xlvi, 35-54. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Chamberlin, R. V. -The northern range of the scorpion. 68, lix, 64. Han- XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\YS 107 strom, B. — Ueber die histologie und vergleichende anatomic der sehganglien und globuli der araneen. (Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Ixi, No. 12.) Mallock, A.— The eyes of spiders. 76, cxiii, 45-8. Sokolska, J. — L'appareil de Golgi dans les cellules somatiques et sexuelles (spermatogenese et ovogenese) de 1'araignee domestique (Tegenaria domes- tica). 77, Ixxxix, 1395-6. Archey, G. — A new genus of I'hilo- poda from Br. Guiana, and a n. sp. of \Vailamyctes from Auckland Island. (Rec. Canterb. Mus., ii, 113-16.) *Ewing, H. E. — Holosiro acaroides, new genus and species, the only New World representative of the mite-like phalangids of the suborder Cyphophthalnii. 7, xvi, 387-90. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. John, O.- Fakultative viviparitat bei Thysanopteren. 49, xii, 227-32. Meissner, O. — Wespen und libellen, 116, xxxvii, 35-6. *Banks, N. — Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. 79, Ixv, 421-55. Ferris, G. F. — The mallophagan family Tri- menoponidae. 64, xiv, 75-86. *Ferris, G. F. — Contributions towards a monograph of the sucking lice. (Stanford Univ. Pub., Biol. Sci., ii, No. 4). Lacroix, J. L. — Etudes sur les Chrysopides. II. Memoire. 154, 1922, 119-44. Snyder, T. E. — A new Prorhinotermes from Panama. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sci., xiv, 43-5.) HEMIPTERA. Buchner, P.— Ueber ein neues, symbion- tisches organ der bettwanze. 57, xli, 570-4. DeLong, D. M. -The distribution of the leafhoppers of Presque Isle, Pa., and their relation to plant formations. 7, xvi, 363-73. Doer- ing, K. — Biology and morphology of Lepyronia quadrangu- laris. (Cercopidae). (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 515-87.) Hackman, L. M. — Studies on Cicadella hieroglyphica. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 189-209.) Hungerford, H. B.— The life history of the toad bug. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv. 145-71.) Leonard & Barber. — The immature stages of the catnip leafhopper (Eupteryx melissae). 6, xxxi. 181-4. Readio, P. A. — -The ovipositors of the Cicadellidae. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 217-98.) Wadley, F. M.— Factors af- fecting the proportion of alate and apterous forms of aphids. 7, xvi, 279-303. Wiley, G. O. — Life history notes on two species of Saldidae found in Kansas. Some notes on the biology of Curicta from Texas. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 301-11; 507-11. ) Baker, A. C. — An undescribed orange pest from 1 lon- duras. 59, xxv, 253-4. Bondar, G. — Aleyrodideos do Brasil. (Secret. Agric., Indust. .. . . Bahia, 1923, 182 pp.) 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '24 *Hungerford, H. B. — The Nepidae of North America. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 425-69.) *Lawson, P. B.— The genus Acinopterus (Cicadellidae). (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 113-39.) Lawson, P. B. — The Membracidae of Kansas. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 31-110. *Mason, P. W.— The raspberry cane aphid. 10, xxv, 188-90. *Osborn & Lathrop. The genus Phlepsius in North America. (Homoptera). 7, xvi, 310-63. Porter, C. — Insecto nuevo de la fam. Berytidae. (Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. xxvii, 20-21.) Woodruff, L. B.- Supplementary notes on Ophiderma. (Homoptera). 6, xxi, 188-90. LEPIDOPTERA. Baylis, H. A.— Colour production in L. 9, Ivii, 2-6. Coolidge, K. R.— The life history of Than- aos funeralis. (Hesperiidae). 6, xxxi, 175-81. Robertson- Miller, E. — Observations on the bellura. (Bellura gorty- noides). 7, xvi, 374-86. Turner, H. J. — Lycaenid larvae and ants. "Hermaphroditism" in the Hesperiidae. 21, xxxvi, 8-9. Vansell, G. H. — The urinary system of Phlegethontius sexta. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 365-9.) Beebe, W. — Notes on Galapagos L. 133, v, 50-9. Bouvier, E. L. — Observations stir quelques Saturniens recueillis au Venezuela. Quelques Saturniens nouveaux de 1'Amerique tropicale. 99, 1923, 5 353-9; 422-7. Dyar, H. G.— New L. from Mexico and one from Argentina. 15, xii, 15-21. *Dyar, H. G. — A new noctuid from Louisiana. 15, xii, 21-2. Le Cerf, F. — Descriptions de formes nouvelles de lepidopteres rhopaloceres. 99, 1923, 360-7, 428-9. Niepelt, W.— Neue formen palaearktischer und exotischer lepidopteren. 141, xvii, 134. Niepelt, W. — Neue u. wenig bekannte exotische Rhopaloceren. 141, xvii, 138. Schaus, W. — Galapagos he- terocera with descriptions of new sps. 133, v, 23-48. DIPTERA. — Bezzi, M. — On the dipterous genera F'ass- eromyia and Ornithomusca, with notes and bibliography on the non-pupiparous Myiodaria parasitic on birds. 64, xiv, 29-46. Freeborn, S. B. — The "proepimera" of the Culicidae. 15, xii, 37-8. Frew, J. G. H. — On the larval and pupal stages of Forcipomyia piceus. 72, x, 409-41. Frew, J. G. H. — On the morphology of the head capsule and mouth parts of Chlor- ops taeniopus. 101, xxxv, 399-410. Genna, M. — Ricerche sulla nutrizione dell'Anopheles claviger. (Arch. Zool. Ital., x, 15-33.) Morris, H. M. — On the larva and pupa of a para- sitic phorid fly, Hypocera incrassata. 64, xiv, 70-4. Seguy, E.— -Note sur les larves des Muscina stabulans et assimilis. 99, 1923, 443-5. Shannon, R. C. — Some special features of XXXV, '24] i:\TOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109 the wings of D. 15, xii, 34-6. Turner, C. L. — -The Psychodi- dae (moth-like flies) as subjects for studies in breeding and heridity. 90, Ivii, 545-58. Aldrich, J. M.— The genus Philornis — a bird-infesting group of Anthomyiidae. 7, xvi, 304-9. *Claasen, P. W. — The larva of a chironomid (Trissocladius equitans n. sp.) which is parasitic upon a may-fly nymph (Rithrogena sp. ) (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 395-405.) Dyar, H. G. — Note on Aedes punctor. The mosquitoes of Colorado. 15, xii, 24-6, 39-46. Dyar & Shannon. — New Culex from Panama. 15, xii, 46-8. *Garrett, C. B. D. — Some new American Helo- myzidae. 15, xii, 26-34. Matheson, R. — Notes on Culicidae (Aedes). 15, xii, 22-4. Shannon, R. C.— Notes on Calli- phoridae. 15, xii, 14. *Van Duzee, M. C. — Notes and des- criptions of two-winged flies of the family Dolichopodidae from Alaska. 50, Ixiii, Art. 21. *Wehr, E. E.— Synopsis of the Tabanidae of Nebraska, with description of a new species from Colorado. A synopsis of the Syrphidae of Nebraska with descriptions of n. sps. from Nebraska and Colorado (Univ. Neb., Univ. Stud., xxii, 107-18; 119-62.) COLEOPTERA. Bertin, L.— L'adaption des pieces buc- cales aux regimes alimentaires chez les coleopteres lamelli- cornes. 154, 1922, 145-59. Beyer, A. H. — A brief resume of investigation made in 1913 on Trogoderma inclusa. (Dermestidae). (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 373-91). Falcoz, L. — Etudes sur les Cryptophaginae. 154, 1922, 165-83. Gadeau de Kerville, H. — Description et figuration d'ano- malies coleopterologiques. 20, 1923, 229-33. Kuntze, R.— Analyse genetique de la varibilite de la coloration chez les coleopteres Melasoma aenea. 77, Ixxxix, 1392-4. Wilson, C. B. — Water beetles in relation to pondfish culture, with life histories of those found in fishponds at Fairport, Iowa. (Bui. Bur. Fish. Wash., xxix, 231-345.) Barber, H. S. — Two new Conotrachelus from tropical fruits. (Curculionidae). 10, xxv, 182-5. Benderitter, E.— Quelques Rutilides nouveaux. 20, 1923, 216-9. Dawson, R. W. — A synopsis of the Scarabaeidae of Nebraska. (Univ. Neb. Stud., xxii, 163-244.) Desbordes, H. — Description de reninus nouveaux de la Republique Argentine et tableaux de determination des especes de ce genre. 99, 1923, 368-71. Fisher, W. S. — A change of name in Buprestidae. 10, xxv, 190. Horn, W. — Einiges ueber neue und alte Cicindeliden. 42, xiv, 211-16. :;:Leng, C. W. — New species and synopsis of Statira. 6, xxxi, 184-8. Portevin, G. — Description d'une 110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Alar., '24 nouvelle espece de Silphide des collections du museum. 99, 1923, 380-1. HYMENOPTERA. Isely, D. — Notes on nesting of Polistes. (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 341-3.) Meissner, O.- Wespen und libellen. 116, xxxvii, 35-6. Nielsen, E. — Con- tributions to the life history of the pimpline spider parasites (Polysphincta, Zaglyptus, Tromatobia). 42, xiv, 137-205. Olsen, C. E. — Backyard collecting in Ramsey, N. J. 6, xxxi, 171-5. Picard, F. — Recherches biologiques et ana- tomiques sur Melittobia agasta. 78, Ivii, 469-508. Roth, P. — A propos de instinct de Bembex rostrata. 154, 1922, 47-52. Sandhouse, G. A. — A gyandromorphic bee of the genus Osmia. 90, Ivii, 569-70. Stumper, R. — L'illusion des amputes chez les fourmis. (La Nature, Paris 1923, 335-6. Viereck, H. L. — The flower relations of wild bees. (Can. Field-Nat., xxxvii, 164-5.) Friese, H. — Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der schwedi- schen entomologischen reise des A. Roman in Amazonas— Apidae. 87, xv, No. 13. Gahan, A. B. — Types of two chalcid-flies misidentified. .10, xxv, 185-8. *MacGillivray, A. D. — Sawflies of the Katmai expedition to Alaska. 6, xxxi, 163-71. Mann, W. M. — Two serphoid guests of Eciton. 10, xxv, 181-2. *Phillips and Poos — Five n. sps. belonging to the genus Harmolita (Isosoma auct.) (Kans. Univ. Sc. Bui., xiv, 349-59.) Wheeler, W. M.— Wissen- schaftliche ergebnisse der schwedischen entomologischen reise des A. Roman in Amazonas — Formicidae. 87, xv, No. 7. SPECIAL NOTICES Hemiptera: Science bulletin of the University of Kansas, Vol. XIV, has just come to hand. It contains 587 pages, including many plates, all with the exception of a small paper on Crustacea, treating of subjects of entomological interest. The largest papers are reviews or monographs of several families and genera of the 1 Femiptera, while others are of more biological and anatomical nature, mainly of several species of Hemiptera. This volume is dedicated to Samuel John Hunter, Head of Department of Ento- mology. Macrolepidoptera of the World. — Parts 306-308, Fauna americana parts 128-130 have been issued in the English edition. These continue the Hesperiidae by Dr. M. Draudt. The Catalogue of Indian Insects, Part 1 of which on the Acrydidae (Tettigidae) was reviewed in the NEWS for March, XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111 1922, page 95, has been advanced by the publication of Part 2. Culicidae and Part 3. Bombyliidae, both by Ronald Senior- White (Calcutta. Sup't Govt'. Printing, India, 1923). The Indian Culicid fauna "is now represented by 28 genera con- taining a total of 160 valid species and varieties," the Bombyliid by 17 genera and 103 species. In both parts the localities, both within and outside of India, cited in each reference are given as marginal notes. The progress of Indian Entomology is recorded in a List of Publications on Indian Entomology, 1920-21, compiled by the Imperial Entomologist (Bull. 139, Agri. Research Inst, Pusa; Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Printing, India, 1922; 67 pp.) The publications are listed under their authors' names, the names arranged alphabetically. The title and place of publication of each article are followed by a list of the Indian and near-Indian species concerned. No means of finding the papers on any given group of insects is furnished, however. The recent death of the Hon. N. C. Rothschild (see the NEWS for February, page 76) lends a melancholy interest to Part 5 of Volume I of Ectoparasites, published Nov. 10, 1923, which he edited in conjunction with Dr. K. Jordan. It comprises pages 287-370, text figures 281-383 and contains five articles by the two editors on Swiss, Algerian, Eastern Hemisphere and American (North and South) Siphonaptera and a revision of the fleas of the chiefly neotropical genera Rhopalopsyllus and Parapsyllus, with keys to the American species of both. Under the title Some Remarks about the supposed scent- organs of the Genus Opsiphanes, Heer J. H. Juriaanse describes and figures (Tijdschr. v. Ent. LXVI, pp. 147-151, pi. 2, 1923) structures which he sums up as follows: "The sexual attraction mechanism of this male [Brassolid] butterfly consists of three leading functions, viz. 1. The secre- tion of scent by a gland at each side of the abdomen. 2. The ejection of same over a special contact-organ consisting of bud- shaped projections implanted in those glands. 3. The distri- bution of the scent in the air derived from those projections by the contact of a hair pencil on the wing." EXTERNAL INSECT- A NATO. MY by ALEX ANDER D. MACGILLIVRAY, Urbana, Illinois. The Scarab Co., 1(>23.* In External Insect-Anatomy the author has departed from the usual method of writers on entomology by an attempt to brin^ t*Thc review of this work published in the Xr.ws for January sug- gested submitting the volume for comment to Mr. Turner, a senior in 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '24 the material of the text-book into closer relation with the work in the laboratory. Such an innovation is particularly desirable in connection with a subject such as comparative morphology in which there is such a close inter-relationship between the laboratory work and the background usually afforded by the text-book, so that the author would be justified in asserting that the method in which his material is presented as well as the material itself supplies a real need. The bulk of External Insect-Anatomy consists of outlines for the study of a wide variety of insects representing the fruits of a tremendous amount of work on the part of the author and those who have collaborated with him. These laboratory out- lines are grouped in appropriate sub-topics under the general headings of Fixed Parts of the Head, Movable Parts of the Head, Thorax, Abdomen, Legs and Wings. No attempt has been made, as is sometimes the case, to make structures which are really very complicated appear simple by disregarding the minor points of anatomy ; the student who has mastered well- chosen portions of External Insect-Anatomy will have an un- usually firm basis on which to proceed with further studies in systematic entomology and taxonomy. What may be termed the text-book portion of External In- sect-Anatomy consists of generalized discussions in considerable detail introducing each topic and sub-topic. These are intended primarily for use in connection with the laboratory outlines which follow, and for this reason the illustrations are few in number and, with several exceptions, all of a hypothetical char- acter. As a consequence the beginner in entomology would find the book of little profit to him except when used in conjunc- tion with laboratory work ; when so used, however, it would be entirely suitable for the beginner, as no previous knowledge of insects is assumed. In the matter of illustrations the chapter on wings presents a contrast to the remainder of the volume ; here the author has found it advisable to accompany the reference to each species with a drawing of a wing. The excellent discussion at the beginning of this chapter on the origin and development of wings is also well illustrated. The student who is already familiar in a general way with the anatomy of one insect, say the grasshopper or cricket, will re- the College Department of the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Turner began his first course in Entomology in October, 1923, having previ- ously completed courses in general zoology and in invertebrate zoology (exclusive of insects). He tells me that he had not read any notices of Dr. MacGillivray's book up to the time that his manuscript was placed in my hands. I have carefully avoided trying to influence Mr. Turner's opinions on the book. — EDITOR.] XXXV. '24] KXToMol.or.lCAL XF.WS 113 gard the absence of illustrations as a real advantage, since it has permitted of a degree of completeness not usually found in a book of such handy size. The unusual care taken in the mat- ter of arrangement and the inclusion of extra material which helps in the full understanding of the subject-matter proper makes the acquisition of this abundance of information a much easier matter for the student than it might otherwise be. The comprehensive introduction contains all the preliminary material that is needed by the beginner, including a discussion of technical nomenclature, a subject with which familiarity is too often assumed. As occasion requires series of clear defini- tions are given of the terms about to be employed. Other commendable features are the pronouncing index and the list at the end of the volume giving the systematic position of the species described as well as the English equivalents of their names. Such a list in several of the entomology text-books of a general character would be still more useful than in a book- on comparative morphology. The student who knows how difficult it is to secure satisfactory information on laboratory methods will appreciate the comprehensive instructions in tech- nique which are given as the need arises. But more important than these incidental features in estab- lishing the worthwhileness of External Insect-Anatomy as a text-book are the very obvious pains which the author has taken to make plain at every step the signrficance of the comparative study of insects, particularly in its relation to the matter of evolution. The inclusion of material drawn from embryology has been an effective part of this policy. As a consequence External Insect-Anatomy might be used with profit even in a course where the stress is laid more upon the characteristics of the several orders and less upon the comparative structure of the parts of insects, as it \vould shed light upon the laboratory work from a slightly different angle. During the term reference might be made to sections in different chapters dealing with the order being studied in the laboratory, and towards the end of the term a reading of the general treatments at the beginning of each chapter would make clearer the relations to one another of the orders studied and broaden the student's knowledge of insects in general. A feature of External Insect-Anatomy which in no way af- fects the value or usefulness of its contents but which is still of considerable importance is the freedom the author has al- lowed himself in the formation of new compounds. Many who are mindful of the responsibility of biologists in contributing new words to the language will look askance at hybrids such as 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS |Maf.. '24 "mesowings" and "metalegs," and object strenuously to the dis- regard of roots shown in the numerous compounds introduced of the type of "quaspiracles" and "quispiracles," where qua- and qui- stand for quattuor and quinque. Others who hold language in less esteem will probably argue along with the author that accuracy and conciseness are the prime essentials in a book like External Insect-Anatomy, and that all means to se- cure them are legitimate. — PAUL A. TURNER. OBITUARY. EDWIN A. BISCHOFF. Edwin A. Bischoff, a coleopterist of repute, died on December 23rd last, at the hospital in Newark, New Jersey, following an operation. Mr. Bischoff was born January 23, 1866 and became known beyond his own locality as an energetic collector of Cole- optera with the publication in 1890 of Smith's first list of the Insects of New Jersey. His records in the third list, published in 1909, covered a large part of the coleopterous fauna of New Jersey and he was thereafter recognized as the possessor of one of the largest collections in the state and of a fund of informa- tion acquired by his constant field work. Many specialists ob- tained part of their data from him and as one result Thysanoc- nemis bischoffi was named for him by Blatchley. His own writings are not numerous but include "Neoclytus jouteli in Virginia" (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XXVII, 1918, p. 231). Mr. Bischoff was a member of the Newark Entomological Society, and of the New York Entomological Society, also of several fraternal associations. His home was at 151 Maple Avenue, Irvington, where many entomologists have visited and seen his collections, remarkable for their neat arrangement as well as for the great series of specimens included. His collect- ing trips were made chiefly in the Newark district and the Orange Mts., but Eagle Rock, Berkeley Heights, and Lakehurst were also among his favorite haunts. His companion on many of these trips was Mr. Edgar L. Dickerson, whose death was recorded in the January number of the NEWS. OIAKLES W. LENG. EXCHANGKS This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed- ing three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Am working on a Revision of the Buprestidae of the West Indies and would like to examine any material in this family from that region. W. S. Fisher, U. S. National Museum, Washing- ton, D. C. Coleoptera for exchange — Cicin. generosa, hirticollis, modesta, sexguttata, 12-punctata, Saperda populnea, Uro. fasciata, Donacia subtilis, palmata, texana-minor, biimpressa, refuscens. Ernest Bay- lis, 5031 Saul St., Philadelphia, Pa. Endomychidae. I desire to purchase representatives of this family from any part of the world. Particularly desire specimens from the western and southwestern part of the U. S. L. B. Walton, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio. Buprestidae, Cleridae and Carabinae wanted from U. S. or Buprestidae of the world. Will collect insects of any group (except Lepidoptera) in exchange or pay cash. Alan S. Nicolay, 416a Grand Ave., Brooklyn, New York. Lepidoptera. Hesperiidae (Skipper-butterflies). Will purchase, ex- change or name specimens. North or South America. Pamphila comma group particularly desired. Henry Skinner and R. C. Wil- liams, Jr., Address Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Lepidoptera-Noctuidae. Will purchase or exchange moths of this family for western lepidoptera. Chas. A. Hill, P. O. Box 653, Glendale, Cal. Wanted — Ants from all portions of the United States for deter- mination or exchange. Will also exchange other insects for ants. M. R. Smith, Assistant Entomologist, State Plant Board, A. and M. College, Miss. Wanted in exchange or cash 1000 Precis orithya $ , Precis iso- ^ratia 3, Precis mevaria $. A. F. Porter, 104 W. Broadway, Decorah, Iowa. Cynipidae. Galls and bred wasps wanted to determine or in exchange. Alfred C. Kinsey, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Wanted — Saturnioide;i and their living pupae, especially io, lima and Anisota. D. M. Bates, Agric. Exp. Sta., Gainesville. Ela. For Exchange. — Living pupae of Automeris io and Papilio asterias and unnamed coleoptera from India for Catocalae or N. A. coleop- tera. Mrs. Robert Milde, Lewiston, Minnesota. For Exchange. — I have for exchange live pupae of Sphinx Chersi-. for other pupae or Lepidoptera in papers Southern specimens. V. Tykal, 2412 S. Harding Ave., Chicago, 111. Will pay cash for specimens of rare and unusual Scarabaeidae (named — Leng's Catalogue). Send list and prices to Win. C. Wood, 31 Fifth Ave., New York, N Y. Wanted— Psyche, Vols. I, XI, XIII. and Bulletin, Brooklyn Entomological Society, Yols. I, II, III. H. C. Severin, State Entomologist, Brookings, South Dakota. RECENT LITERATURE FOB SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA. 839. — Landis (E. M.). — A tabular account of the structural dif- ferences between the four larval instars of Culex pipiens. (Trans., 49, 25-42, 1923) 35 COLEOPTERA. 844. — Davidson (W. M.). — Biology of Scymnus nubes Casey. (Trans., 49, 155-103, ill., 1923) ." . .20 LEPIDOPTERA. 842. — Braun (A. F.). — Microlepidoptera: notes and new species. (Trans., 49, 115-127, 1923) 25 843. — Skinner & Williams. — On the male genitalia of the Hes- periidae of North America. Paper III. (Trans., 49, 129- 153, ill., 1923) 30 NEUROPTERA. 841. — Dodds (G. S.). — Mayflies from Colorado. Descriptions of certain species and notes on others. Trans., 49, 93-114, 2 pis., 1923) 50 ORTHOPTERA. 840. — Rehn (J. A. G.). — North American Acrididae. Paper 3. A study of the Ligurotettigi. (Trans., 49, 43-92, 2 pis., 1923) 1.00 845. — Hebard (M.). — Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Paper III. Orthopterous family Acri- didae. (Trans., 49, 165-313, 8 pis., 1923) 3.25 Of Interest to Specialists. The American Entomological Society has placed in operation a system by which entomologists who> are not situated near the larger reference libraries, or who desire to build up special ento- mological libraries of their own and yet do not care to subscribe to the annual volume of the Society's "Transactions," may secure copies of the papers appearing in the Society's publications promptly after their receipt from the press. If you are interested and desire to avail yourself of this system, advise us of the order or orders in which you wish to secure publi- cations, together with a remittance of $1.00 or more as a deposit, and all papers on such orders will be mailed to you directly on their receipt from the printer. These will be charged against your amount of deposit at 25 per cent, discount from the list or general sale price. Any balance to your credit is returnable on demand should you not care to continue the subscription. JANSON & SONS Just Issued— Gray's Spicilegia Zoologica Conclusion, with 27 plates Makers of High Grade Specimen Cabinets for Museums, with Interchangeable Drawers Large Stock of Exotic Lepidoptera and Coleoptera and all other Orders of Insects Books on Natural History, Especially Entomology Scientific Entomological Collections and Libraries Purchased Catalogues of Books or Apparatus on Application 44, Great Russell Street, London, W. C. 1 (Opposite the British Museum) WILL BUY OR EXCHANGE Clerids, Phanaeus, Monilema and all Cetonids from all parts of the world. DR. FRANK J. PSOTA. 4O46 West 2Gth Street Chicago, Illinois Brilliant Butterflies from the Tropics. I specialize in Tropical Butterflies suitable for Jewelry, Trays, Plaques, etc., as well as rarities for collections and scientific uses. A large stock of Ornithoptera, Morpho, Agrias, Caligo, Papilio, Catagramma, Perisema, Callicore, Thecla, Lycaena, etc., on hand. Tell me for what purpose you require butterflies and I will then be better able to meet your needs. HAL NEWCOMB, 8O4 Elizabeth St., Pasadena, California Rhopalocera and Heterocera of the North Argentine. Good species and first-class specimens, write to RODOLFO SCHRIETER, Tucumau, Argentine, calle 24 de Setiembre 1.372c. References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55. FOR ^ALE ^ large collection of butterflies — Papilios only — from all parts of the world. All mounted and classified in three large cabinets. C. F. GROTH 14 POPLAR PLACE, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. — A journal devoted to general Entomology, started in 1864, and now edited by G. C. Champion, J. E. Collin, W. W. Fowler, R. W. Lloyd, G. T. Porritt and J. J. Walker. It contains descriptions of new genera and species in all orders (British and foreign) , life histories, reviews of new works, etc. Vol. LX (X of the 3d Series) was commenced in January, 1924 The subscription for the 12 numbers is 15 shillings per annum, post free, to be sent to R. W. Lloyd, I, 5, Albany, Piccadilly, London, W. , England. For terms for advertisements apply to him also. NEW ARRIVALS From Colombia, South America: OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte sulkowskyi Caligo spp. From Cuba: 1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali andraemon Erinyis guttalaris celadon Protoparce brontes, etc. " devilliersi From Venezuela : Over 5000 Lepidoptera 200 Dynastes Hercules From New Guinea 2000 Coleoptera 200 Orthoptera From Assam, India: 1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi And Many Other Showy Species From Tibet (Bhutan) : Armanaia iidderdalii Parnassius hardwicki CATALOGUES OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS ON APPLICATION If interested kindly send your list of desiderata for further information to THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA Department of Natural Science New York G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street APRIL, 1924 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXXV APR 81924 GEORGE HENRY HORN 1840-1897 PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN, PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL. PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, and The American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2.50 IN ADVANCE FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2.70 IN ADVANCE SINGLE COPIES 30 CENTS ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. One issue, 1 in., $ 1.20, 2 in., $ 2.40, half page, $ 4.00, full page,, $ 8.0Q Five issues, " 5.50, " 11.00, 17.50, 35.00 Ten issues " 11.00, " 20.00, 35.00, 70.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. 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M. on the following dates during 1924: January 24, Febru- ary 28, "March 27, April 24, May 22, September 25, October 23, Novem- ber 20, and Dec. 8. Communications on observations made in the course of your studies are solicited; also exhibits of any specimens you consider of interest. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty- five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies. $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies,_ 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA VOL. XXXV APRIL, 1924 No. 4 CONTENTS Coolidge— The Life-History of Brephi- dium exilis Bdv. ( Lepid : Lycae- nidae) 115 Smith — An Annotated List of the Ants of Mississippi ( Hym. ) 121 Reinhard — Notes on Texas Sarcopha- gidae(Diptera) 127 Weiss and West— Notes on the Judas Tree Leaf hopper, Erythroneura aclys McAtee in New Jersey ( Homop. ) 1 29 Frost — Two Little Known Leaf-miners of Apple ( Lepid. : Tineidae ; Col. : Garrison — Rearing Records of Pollenia rudis Fab. (Dipt., : Muscidae) 135 Hayes and McColloch — A New Species of Anomala ( Colepp. Scarabaeidae ) 138 Fox — A New Lycaenid (Lep. ) from the Pacific Coast 140 Editorial — Professor Jacques Loeb 142 An Entomologist at Law 143 The Monument to J. Henri Fabre 144 Cockerell and Harris— A New Form of Rhynchites (Col. : Curculionidae). 144 Cleanup Week in Pennsylvania 144 Entomological Literature 145 Curculionidae) 132 | Obituary— Colonel Charles Swinhoe. . . 152 Rev. Canon Theodore Wood 152 The Life-History of Brephidium exilis Bdv. (Lepid. : Lycaenidae). By KARL R. COOLIDGE, Hollywood, California. Brephidium exilis Bdv., well named "The Pygmy Blue," since it is one of the smallest species of butterflies in the world, is the most abundant form of Rhopalocera in Southern Cali- fornia. Along the coastal region it flies in countless millions, is well distributed throughout the Mohave and Colorado Des- erts, but does not invade the higher mountains to any great ex- tent. Some idea of its abundance can be gleaned by the fact that from one patch of Australian saltbush, hardly several acres in extent, half a million perfect specimens were taken in a few weeks' time — and yet this considerable number did not diminish the status of the colony to any noticeable degree. Wright (Butt. West Coast) was in error in stating that e.rilts in California does not occur north of Santa Barbara, since it is very common in the San Joaquin Valley as far north as Sacramento, and simply swarms in the salt marshes about San Francisco Bay. 115 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '24 About Los Angeles I have seen it on the wing every month of the year, but as a rule it does not appear in numbers until early July, reaching the apex of the season's flight in the hot days of September, and from the middle of November, or earlier according to the coolness of the season, rapidly di- minishing. It is severely parasitized by a Tachinid fly, specifically un- identified as yet, and the amazing thing about e.vilis here is its continued abundance in view of the vast numbers of larvae that fall victims to the parasite. As an example, on one oc- casion twenty-eight larvae were collected. Of these eleven were found to already contain the parasitic grub internally, its black head readily being seen laterally on thoracic segment three, or abdominal one, generally on the left side, only rarely on the right. Four others bore parasitic eggs, making a total of fifteen out of twenty-eight. In another instance fourteen larvae out of eighteen were found to be parasitized. The parasitic egg is usually placed on one of the anterior segments, more frequently on the first or second thoracic than elsewhere. It may be briefly described as : Egg shaped, pale yellowish white, with a very delicate scarcely raised tracery of round cells, .01 mm. in diameter. Length .34 mm.; .14 mm. in diameter at the smaller end ; .32 mm. at the larger end. I once witnessed an encounter between the parasitic fly and a larva in the fourth instar. The larva was being attended by several ants when the fly alighted on the same leaf. The ants immediately became greatly excited, and as the fly endeavored to get into a position to place an egg, the ants scurried back and forth over the larva at a frenzied rate of speed. It did not appear that the ants were deliberately seeking to attack the fly, but by the hurried scamperings over the larva they soon discouraged the parasite, which after three or four fruitless attempts to oviposit flew away. The impression I received \vas that the ants were assuredly aware of the danger to their larva, and were certainly responsible for its being saved. The eggs are placed everywhere on the food-plants, but more frequently on the upper surfaces of the leaves than else- where. Of forty-six eggs, thirty-four were on the upper sides XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117 of the leaves, eight on the under surfaces, two on the stems, and two on the seed pods. I have discovered eggs or larvae on the following food-plants : Chenopodiaceae. Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. Australian saltbush, introduced in California about thirty years ago as a forage plant, and which has now completely established itself. This is the favorite food- plant. Atriplex coulteri Dietr. At Santa Catalina Island. Atriplex serena Nelson, (bracteosa Wats.) Lamb's Tongue, a common weed in saline places. Atriplex canesccns (Pursh.) James. Shad-bush. On the Mohave and Colorado Deserts. Atriplex leucophylla Sietr. Along the seashore. Atriplex breweri Wats. A popular low hedge in Southern California. Atriplex patula L. With A. hastata L., the food-plants in the San Francisco Bay region. Chenopodium leptophyttum Nutt. A common weed in waste places. Also C. album L., Lamb's Quarters, a native of the Old World, but now a familiar weed in the settled parts of Cali- fornia. Solanaceae. Petunia parviflora (Lehm.) Juss. Petunia, a plant growing on margins of ponds and along streams, especially in subsaline places. I found exilis swarming about this at Buena Vista Lake, in Kern County. The young larva eats its way out of the egg through a jagged hole, usually in the side, and only devours sufficient of the shell to make its exit. In the earlier stages the larvae pre- fer the young buds, but also eat out irregular roundish holes in the leaves. Later, they attack mainly the seed-pods, boring into them and eating out the inner contents. Pupation takes place in debris or under stones, and hibernation occurs in the pupal state. Eggs laid July 1 1th. Passed third moult July 26th. Hatched July 14th. Passed fourth moult August 1st. Passed first moult July 18th. Pupated August 6th. Passed second moult July 22nd. Imagoes emerged August 10th. The Egg. — Turban-shaped, more than half as high as broad, the upper portion almost perfectly flat, sloping evenly to the central depression, the micropyle ; the sides strongly convex to 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\YS [Apr., '24 the flattened base. The micropyle in a deep even round pit, .02 mm. in diameter, of a deeper green than rest of egg. Ground color a very delicate bluish green, with the usual raised net- work white ; as the embryo develops the greenish coloration becomes lost, the egg becoming a solid chalky white. The raised network on the sides divides itself into irregular sub- triangular and subquadrate cells, measuring .02 mm. in their longest axes, with the cell walls .005 mm. in thickness ; the usual protuberances at the angles .01 mm. in height and .015 mm. in thickness, broadly rounded. About the micropyle the net-work becomes confused, more irregular and the cells are much smaller. Base sharply flattened, of a deeper tint of green, marked by a delicate tracery of quite regular pentagonal cells. Diameter .44 mm. Height .20 mm. First Instar. — Head dark chestnut brown, shining, .14 mm. in diameter. First thoracic segment pallid, with a bluish tinting. Body finely granulated. The usual Lycaenid triangular chitinous dorsal plates with a white sheen. Series of rather high conical papillae, projecting hairs, in the following ar- rangement : A suprastigmatal series, placed anteriorly on the segments, one to a segment on either side, projecting minute, crooked, clavate, densely spiculiferous hairs, .015 mm. in length. A second similar set of suprastigmatals above these, one on each side, and centrally located. Two substigmatal papillae, an anterior with the projected hair .02 mm. in length, clubbed, crooked, densely spiculiferous ; and a much larger one placed considerably below and centrally on the segment, with the hair .08 mm. in length, straight, sharp, and colorless. A subdorsal row, one to a segment, placed centrally ; the hairs from these colorless, clubbed, spiculiferous, .08 mm. in length, .009 mm. in width at the base and .01 mm. in width at the tip ; these hairs closely appressed and directed caudad and slightly laterad, except on the first thoracic where they project over the head. The papillae emitting these hairs .01 mm. in height and diameter, and those of the first thoracic are dark brown. Color of body pale lemon yellow, but as the larva feeds the original yellow coloration fades more and more, with a greenish tinge taking its place, until at the end of the instar the larva is a solid pale delicate green. Ventral surface and prolegs bright lemon yellow, at beginning of stage. Spiracles pallid, round, with a very fine brown ring, .01 mm. in diameter. A latero- dorsal row of naked fuscous lenticles, two to a segment on either side, close together, the outer the smaller. Anal segment xxxv, '24J ]-;\TOMOI,O<;IC.\I, XK\\> \\'> with a fringe of minute fuscous papillae that project fine, sharp, colorless spiculiferous hairs posteriorly, these being .11 mm. in length. Length, at birth, .66 mm. Width at first thoracic segment, .20 mm. Width at anal segment .16 mm. Second Instar. — Head dark chestnut brown, shining, .26 mm. in diameter. As before, first thoracic pallid, with a bluish tint- ing. Body densely studded with dark brown tubercles projecting heavy, short, curved, densely spiculiferous hairs, clavate ; these tubercles .007 mm. in height and diameter, with the arising hairs .02 mm. in height and width at the tip, but the hairs vary slightly, some being as long as .04 mm. Long, sharp, colorless hairs bordering anal segment posteriorly now .16 mm. in length on the average. On first thoracic some similar anteriorly pro- jecting hairs, some .16 mm. in length, others but half that size. Some fine, sharp, straight hairs, colorless, .06 mm. in length, on ventral surface along base of prolegs. Color of body pale green, excessively finely granulated with brownish atoms. Ventral surface and prolegs pale yellow green. Legs pale yellow brown, opaque. Spiracles pallid, round, .02 mm. in diameter, with a fine brown ring. Length, 1.40 mm. Width at first thoracic .40 mm. Width at anal segment .34 mm. Third Instar. — Head dark chestnut brown, shining, .34 mm. in diameter. As before, first thoracic pallid, with a bluish tinge. Body densely studded with tubercles as before ; these are mostly concolorous with the body, but some, irregularly scat- tered, are conspicuously dark brown. The arising hairs color- less and clavate, averaging .04 mm. in height and .02 mm. in diameter at their tips. First thoracic with a fringe of sharp, colorless hairs projecting over the head and a similar but p"^ teriorly projecting fringe to the anal segment ; these hairs are as long as .16 mm., with some shorter ones down to .08 mm. Color of body green to gray green, with the surface finely granulated with brownish atoms. Ventral surface and proleg- pale yellowish green. Legs pale yellow brown, opaque. Spir- acles round, with a fine brown ring, .025 mm. in diameter. Length, 2.30 mm. Width at first thoracic .70 mm. Width at anal segment .54 mm. Fourth Instar. — Head .44 mm. in diameter, dark chestnut brown, shining. Neck bluish green. Body densely studded with tubercles as before; these are now dark brown, short and stout, .02 mm. in height, and .025 mm. in diameter at base. The arising hairs colorless and cla- , densely spiculiferous, varying slightly in length, but 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '24 .03 mm. in length on the average. Anteriorly projecting, color- less spiculiferous hairs of first thoracic now from .06 to .20 mm. in length. Anal segment spatulate, moderately depressed, with a fringe of colorless, spiculiferous hairs averaging .20 mm. in length. Color of body light green, but for the various phases that may exist see under mature larva. The flattened, dorsal, tri- angular processes pale yellowish brown, mottled with rosaceous, and in the center of each, so as to form a broken yet con- spicuous dorsal line, a heavy blotching of rosaceous. Or, these subtriangular processes may be quite pallid, with the dorsal, rosaceous line only faintly present. Anal segment usually with a rather heavy blotching of rosaceous dorsally and sub- stigmatally. Ventral surface and prolegs bright blue green. Legs pale yellow brown. Spiracles round, pallid, with a fine brown ring, .03 mm. in diameter. Tubes and sac conspicuous, the tube cases pallid, .1 mm. in diameter, prominent, elevated to a height of .12 mm. Length 3.9 mm. Width at first thoracic 1.04 mm. Width at anal segment .90 mm. Fifth Instar. — Head .60 mm. in diameter, now a rather dull brown. As before, body densely studded with dark brown tubercles, .025 mm. in height, giving rise to white, densely spiculiferous, crooked processes, for most part bent anteriorly. These aver- age .04 mm. in length. Some of the basic tubercles, especially in the dorsal region, are pure white. First thoracic with a heavy fringe of colorless, spiculiferous hairs, averaging .22 mm. in length, mounted on dark brown papillae .03 mm. in height and diameter. A similar fringe of hairs, of the same length, to the anal segment. Segmental incisures deep. Surface of body finely punctate. Spiracles round, pallid, .05 mm. in diameter, surrounded by a narrow brown ring. Color yellowish green. A bright yellow, substigmatal band, only weakly indicated, sometimes obsolete. A yellowish white, dorsal line, with a more or less pinkish tinge, not prominent, extending from the second thoracic and fading out on the anal segment. The above is the commonest coloration phase, with others as follows : A greenish phase, with weak roseate dorsal line and no substigmatal rosaceous or yellowish line. A greenish phase with roseate dorsal and roseate substigmatal bands well developed. A greenish phase with dorsal line dark green and bordered by a yellowish tinge. No rosaceous either dorsally or sub- stigmatally. XXXV, '24\ K.NTO.MI )!.<)<. ICAL \K\VS 121 A greenish phase with roseate dorsal line well developed, but roseate substigmatal line only faintly indicated. A dark green phase, devoid of either yellowish or rosaceous anywhere. Prolegs and ventral surface green. Legs pale yellow brown. Length, at maturity, 7 mm. Width at first thoracic 2 mm. Width at anal segment 1.8 mm. The Pupa. — Viewed dorsally, the sides quite straight to the middle of the abdomen, swelling out only very slightly, so that the greatest breadth is at the point where a rather sudden slope begins to the well rounded, posterior abdominal segment. Viewed laterally, the thorax is highest in the middle of posterior half of mesothorax. Abdomen highest at third segment, slight- ly higher than the highest point of thorax. Color light brownish yellow, of varying depths ; rarely, the pupa may be a solid pale grass green. A fuscous dorsal line of varying depths and intensity, sometimes quite strong and conspicuous, again weak and broken ; this, on the abdominal segments, is often pale red brown. Wing cases pale yellowish green, infuscated with some brownish dots. An abdominal, subdorsal row of rather prominent dark brown dots, quadrate or round, sometimes very heavy. On the thorax these are re- placed by two concolorous streaks, projecting outward, and joined together at their furthest points. Surface of body almost smooth, only exceedingly finely broken by a whitish tracery of scarcely raised lines. A few, minute, fuscous papillae giving rise to colorless hairs which enlarge as they proceed apically and at the extreme summit are expanded into bulbous heads. These hairs most numerous on the ab- dominal segments, .005 mm. in width at their bases, and though they vary slightly in height the average is .025 mm. Spiracles white, .06 mm. in length. Length 5.5 mm. to 6 mm. Greatest breadth of abdomen 2 mm. An Annotated List of the Ants of Mississippi (Hym). My M. R. SMITH, A. and M. College, Mississippi. (Continued from page 85 ) Subfamily CAM I'OXOTINAK. 54. — Prenolepis imparis Say. Holly Springs; A. and M. College; Yazoo City. This species builds its nests in clay-like soils where there is an abundance of moisture. Very characteristic earthen pellets are distributed around the nest's entrance. The workers are very fond of honey dew and are often found in attendance on insects which 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '24 excrete this substance. The writer has often seen workers whose gasters were so distended from feeding on honey dew that they were almost unable to walk. Some of the workers act as storehouses for their sisters, during periods when food is scarce, and are known as repletes. This species often enters houses in its search for food. P. imparis may be distinguished from the other species of Prcnolcpls here mentioned by its larger size and by its pro- nounced more or less cylindrical mesonotum. 55.— P. (Nylanderia) bruesi Whir. A. and M. College. This is a much smaller species than ini- paris. Nests are built under the bark of logs or stumps, or under stones. The workers are also fond of honey dew. 56. — P. (Nylanderia) vividula Nyl. A. and M. College. This ant is very closely related to bntcsi and it is almost impossible to distinguish the two unless male forms are present. The genital appendages of the males of the two species are quite distinct showing that these cannot be the same species. 57. — P. longicornis Latr. Gulfport; Biloxi. The workers of this imported species can be recognized by their slender forms and by their exceedingly long legs and antennae. These ants infest houses, stores, cafe- terias, etc., but are far from being as troublesome as the Argen- tine ant, which is the house pest pre-eminent in Mississippi. The workers run very swiftly, darting here and there, as if devoid of any sense of general direction ; this term has earned for them the name of "crazy ant.' w> 58. — Lasius niger var. americanus Emery. A. and M. College; Lula ; Trimcane. The corn, or cotton field ant, as it is generally known, does not seem to be common in Mississippi, although collecting for it has been done in "num- erous localities in the state. Nests are constructed in the soil or under stones in the open. The workers are given to attending plant lice and their relation to one species, Aphis-maidi-radicis has attracted much attention. Because of this peculiar relation the ant is considered of economic importance. xxxv, '24} KXToMoi.or.u'Ai, XK\V> 1_M This ant can be separated from the species given below by its much darker color and by the presence of three-jointed max- illary palpi. Workers when crushed have a very strong formic acid odor. 59. — L. (Acanthomyops) interjectus Mayr. A. and M. College. This is the largest ant of the subgenus Acanthomyops. Nests are built in the soil under stones or logs. The workers are also fond of attending subterranean plant lice, mealy bugs, etc. The ants seem to shun light and are never seen on the surface unless unearthed or exposed. L. interjectits can be distinguished from americanus by its six-jointed maxillary palpi, its yellow color, its shining appear- ance and the presence of a peculiar lemon verbena-like odor. 60. — Formica pallide-fulva Latr. Tupelo; A. and M. College. This ant nests in the soil under stones or in the open in Melds and pastures, seeming to prefer a clay, or a clay loam soil. The workers are very timid and cowardly and are made slaves of by other species of Formica. They feed largely on insects but are also fond of honey dew. This pale yellow species can be easily separated from the other two forms mentioned under this genus. It differs from the sub- species schanfussi in being more slender and less robust and in lacking the hairs on the gular and petiolar borders. /;. snbscri- ccac is a black species which is densely covered with a >ilk- like pubescence. 61. — F. pallide-fulva subsp. schaufussi Mayr. A. and M. College. The workers of this form have the same habits as those of the species. It is also made slaves of by other species of Formica. 62. — F. fusca subsericeae Say. Caesar. This species does not seem to be common in Miss- issippi, in fact it is much less common than the two preceding species. It has habits similar to those species and is made- a slave of by other species of the genus. 63. — Camponotus castaneus Latr. Mt. Olive; Ocean Springs. This large, yellowish, or castan- eous colored species lives in the soil under stones in open wood- 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '24 lands. The workers are rather timid. and probably nocturnal. This species is fond of honey dew but no doubt feeds on insects also. C. castaiicns is easily distinguished from other ants by its large size and by the more or less uniform yellowish or castan- eous color of all the various phases. 64.- — C. castaneus subsp. americanus Mayr. Oakland ; Neshoba. This subspecies has the same habits as castaiiens. The workers can be distinguished from those of the species by the dark colored head, the remainder of the body being a uniform yellowish or castaneous color. 65. — C. herculeanus subsp. pennsylvanicus DeGeer. "The carpenter ant" is widely distributed throughout the state and is one of the most common ants in Mississippi. Nests are built in more or less faulty or decayed trees, the ants some- times simply honey-combing the wood with their galleries and chambers. McCook states that a queen is able to establish a nest and raise her first brood unaided. Workers are very fond of honey clew and are often found in attendance on plant lice, tree hoppers, etc. The workers of this ant can be recognized by their large form, their black color and by the golden hairs and pubescence on their bodies. 66. — C. herculeanus subsp. pennsylvanicus var. ferrugineus Fabr. Oakland; Neshoba; A. and M. College. This is a beautiful color variety of pennsylvanicus' which has similar habits but not quite so wide a distribution. In this variety the workers have the thorax, petiole, coxae, femora, and base of first gastric segment yellowish ferruginous ; sometimes the pronotum and the mesonotum are black. The other portions of the body are black, with the exception of the funiculi, mandibles, anterior border of head, tibiae and tarsi which are deep red. 67. — C. socius Roger. Waynesboro ; Benoit. This imported South American species has been found at the above named localities in Mississippi. The XXXV, '24] l..\ Hl.MDLI.M'.ICAI. \K\VS writer has seen specimens of this ant in Dr. U'heeler's collections from Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and Alabama. Evi- dently it is spreading throughout the Southern Slates, for when Dr. Wheeler published his paper on the ants of the genus Cain- ponotns in 1910, this species was then only known from Florida. Nothing is known concerning the nesting and other habits of socius. The major worker has a ferruginous red head, the mandibles and scapes are darker, with the anterior border of clypeus and cheek black. The gaster is 'black with golden yellow posterior borders to each segment and a broad transverse golden band on the first and another at the base of the second segment. Because of its very distinct coloration one has no difficulty in separating this from any of the other species of Cainponotus here men- tioned. 68. — C. caryae Fitch. This species is widely distributed throughout the state. Nests are constructed under the bark of trees, in twigs, or occasionally, in galls. The nests are rather small and contain very few indi- viduals as compared with nests of other species of Camponotus. The workers are very fond of honey dew and may be found crawling over the trees in search of this substance. They are rather timid and hard to capture. C. curyuc and its various sub- species and varieties are all similar in that the workers have the clypeus cut out, or emarginate in the middle. The workers are usually shining black, but occasionally some specimens show considerable red on the appendages, the articu- lation of the joints, etc. 69. — C. caryae var. minutus Emery. This is a smaller and paler form of the species. The colora- tion is highly variable. The habits of the two are the same. The worker major differs from that of curycic in that it is smaller and that it possesses a reddish, or yellowish, thorax and petiole. The legs and antennae are paler and the mandibles, sides and lower surfaces of the head red or brown. 70.— C. caryae var. decipiens Emery. Louisville; Starkville ; A. and M. College. These ants have \2() ENTuMOUHill'AL NEWS |.\])r., '24 been found nesting in the twigs of fig and white ash, also in galls on oak trees. The workers have reddish yellow heads and thoraces and black abdomens. Dccipicns bears a close re- semblance to rasilis in color, but is smaller than this subspecies and has much darker appendages. The gaster is black with pale yellow margins to the segments. 71. — C. caryae subsp. rasilis Whir. Starkville. As stated above, this subspecies bears a close resemblance to the variety decipicns, but is larger and of a lighter yellowish red color, without the noticeable infuscation on the legs, antennae and head of the worker. Nests are made in galls or in twigs of trees. Occasionally, the workers invade houses, showing a decided fondness for sweets such as syrup, jams, sugar, etc. 72. — C. caryae subsp. rasilis var. pavidus Whir. Starkville ; Sibley. Nests of this variety have been found under the bark of a dead oak twig and in the stem of elder. The workers of this variety are similar to those of rasilis in the color of the head, thorax, petiole and appendages, but the gaster is yellow at the base. The yellow of the gaster may cover all of two segments or only the base of the first segment. 73. — C. caryae var. pardus Whir. The workers of this variety are small, averaging about 5.5 mm. In color they are very variable, even specimens from the same colony showing a wide variation in this respect. Typical specimens have dark brown, or black heads, with ivory yellow thoraces which are spotted with brown, and the base of the gasters often banded with yellow. 74. — C. (Colobopsis) impressus Roger. A. and M. College. A nest of this species was found in a pecan twig. The ant probably nests in the twigs of other plants also. This and all other forms of the subgenus Colobopsis can be distinguished by the truncate head of the soldier form. C. impressus can be distinguished from the other two species mentioned here by the shape of the soldier's head, the sides of which are distinctly parallel. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 75. — C. (Colobopsis) mississippiensis Smith. Tupelo; Starkville ; A. and M. College; Sibley. This species has been found nesting in the twigs of white ash and in galls on red oak. It is the most common species of Colobopsis in this section of Mississippi. The workers have been observed to feed on honey dew. C. mississippiensis can be distinguished from iniprcssus by the shape of the head of the soldier, the sides being divergent anteriorly ; and from fraxinicola by the anterior portion of the head being deeply concave and sharply margined, while that of tnt.rinicola is blunt with the clypeus projecting above the gen- eral truncated surface. 76. — C. pylartes subsp. fraxinicola Smith. A. and M. College; Starkville. This species also nests in tin- twigs of white ash. It is not as common a species of Colobopsis in this locality as misssissippiensis but is more common than im- press us. Notes on Texas Sarcophagidae (Diptera). By H. J. REIN HARD, Texas Experiment Station. College Station, Texas. This paper incmdes a list of Sarcophagidae collected at Col- lege Station and a number of other points in the southern and western sections of the State. More extended collections will undoubtedly bring to light many additional species riot listed here. Authentic records on the distribution of the Sarcophagi- dae within this State are extremely meagre, and the following list is published as a preliminary contribution to the present knowledge of this important family of muscoid flies. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Dr. J. M. Aldrich for making de- terminations of several species, and to all others who have assisted in collecting material. CAMPTOPS UNICOLOR Aid. College Station, common, April- October. CAMPTOPYGA ARISTATA Aid. Houston, abundant, May, 1921. HYPOPELTA SCROFA Aid. College Station, 4 specimens. March- November, 1921. 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '24 STHENOPYGA GLOBOSA Aid. College Station, abundant, April- October. SARCOPHAGA n. sp. Sonora, 2 specimens, February, 1922 (Dr. D. H. Bennett), Aldrich determination. S. ACULEATA Aid. College Station, abundant, June-October; Balmorhea, October, 1921, (C. S. Rude). S. ALCEDO Aid. College Station, 3 specimens, October, 1920, May-July, 1923. S. AMPULLA Aid. Dallas, April, 1914, (Aldrich) Sarc. and Allies, p. 153. S. ANGUSTIFRONS Aid. College Station, 2 specimens, October, 1916. S. ASSIDUA Walk. College Station, very common, March-No- vember. S. AUSTRALIS Aid. El Paso, 2 specimens, August, 1923, (C. S. Rude) ; Sonora, February, 1922, (Dr. D. H. Bennett). S. BISHOPPI Aid. Crystal City, July, 1914, (Aldrich) Sarc. and Allies, p. 260. S. BULL ATA Park. College Station, abundant, April-November. S. CIMBICIS Tns. College Station, 3 specimens, May, 1919, Oc- tober, 1921. S. CISTUDINIS Aid. College Station, 1 specimen, April, 1921. S. COM MUNIS var. OCHRACEA Aid. College Station, common, April-September. S. DAVIDSONI Coq. Midland, November, 1914, (Aldrich) Sarc. and Allies, p. 100. S. FALCULATA Pand. Dallas, (Aldrich) Sarc. and Allies, p. 207. S. FLAVIPES Aid. College Station, 4 specimens, October. 1920-1. S. GALEATA Aid. College Station, 1 specimen, October, 1921. S. HAEMORRHOIDALIS Fall. College Station, common. April- November. S. HELICIS Tns. College Station, very common, March-Novem- ber; Balmorhea, October, 1921, (C. S. Rude). S. HUNTER: Hough. College Station, fairly abundant, May- October; Balmorhea, October, 1921, (C. S. Rude). S. IMPAR Aid. College Station, common, March-July; Houston, May, 1921. S. JOHNSONI Aid. Galveston, (Aldrich) Sarc. and Allies, p. 165. S. KELLYI Aid. College Station, abundant, May- June; Sonora, February, 1922, (Dr. D. H. Bennett). S. LATISETOSA Park. College Station, 1 specimen, October, 1921 ; Laredo, Duval County, Marathon, February-May, 1922, (C. S. Rude). S. MARGINATA Aid. College Station, 2 specimens, May-July, 1923. XXXV, '24] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 129 S. MELAMPYGA Aid. College Station, abundant, April- June. S. OPIFERA Coq. College Station, 3 specimens, May-July, 1917, November, 1919. S. PACIIYPROCTA Park. Laredo, 1 specimen, May, 1922, (C. S. Rude). S. PECTINATA Aid. College Station, fairly abundant, April-No- vember. S. PELTATA Aid. College Station, 1 female, June, 1919, referml here doubtfully by Dr. R. R. Parker. S. OUADRISETOSA Coq. College Station, common, April-No- vember; Houston, May, 1921; Kirbyville, July, 1922, (C. S. Rude). S. ROBUSTA Aid. College Station, abundant, April-November : Sonora, August-October, (Dr. D. H. Bennett). S. RUDIS Aid. College Station, 1 specimen. May, 1922. S. RUFIVENTRIS Wied. College Station, abundant, June-No- vember. S. SALVA Aid. College Station, common, May-November. S. TUBEROSA var. SARRACENIOIDES Aid. College Station, very common, April-September. S. SINGULARIS Aid. College Station, 2 specimens, October, 1920, April, 1922. S. SULCULATA Aid. Balmorhea, 1 specimen, October, 1921, (C. S. Rude) ; Sonora, October, 1920, (Dr. D. H. Ben- nett). S. TEXANA Aid. Dilley, 1 specimen, May, 1920. S. UTILIS Aid. College Station, abundant, April-October. S. XANTHOPYGA v. d. W. College Station, common, July-Octo- ber. Assigned here doubtfully since this determination by Coquillett has not. been verified by comparison with the type. — «•» • Notes on the Judas Tree Leafhopper, Erythroneura aclys McAtee in New Jersey (Homop.). By HARRY B. WEISS and ERDMAN WEST, New Brunswick, New Jersey. This species* was noted at Kingston, New Jersey, on August 10, at which time thousands of adults, many first, second and third stage nymphs and a few fourth and fifth stages were infesting a specimen of Judas tree or red-bud (Ccrcis cana- (Icnsis L.) growing on the front lawn of a householder. Nearly "Identified by Mr. C. E. Olsen. 130 -. roMoi.or.i CAT. NEWS [-M"""-- -4 every leaf on the tree was white from the combined attacks of the nymphs and adults and an adjacent specimen of the mist E also showed some injury presumably from adults which were present. At this date a brood of adults was well under way and many eggs were found. The eggs were placed any- where just under the tissue of the lower leaf surface, but usually close to a mid or side vein. There appeared to be no -.ularity in their deposition and many were found between the veins, near the leaf base, edges, etc. Each egg showed as a little oblong, slightly curved, greenish swelling or blister on the lower surface. After hatching the blisters collapse and the • -- ue turns brown at the spot occupied by the egg. The nymphs inhabit the lower leaf surfaces, feeding singly or in loose colonies of many individuals. On August J3. the infested tree was visited again and many adults were found but comparatively few nymphs. On September 1°. the number of adults had decreased and onl; \ last stage nymphs re- mained. At this date many adults were found resting on the trunk of the tree and several were found under loose bark. It is supposed, therefore, that the species hibernates as an adult. On October 10. fewer adults were found on the leaves, no nymphs remained and several adults were noted again under loose bark. The following descriptions indicate the development which takes place from egg to adult. Egg. Length 0.5J mm. Width 0.15 mm. Whitish, trans- lucent, subcylindrical. broadly rounded at both end.-, egg slightly curved when viewed laterally. First Xyinphal Stage. Width of head including eyes 0.18 mm. Length about 0.8 mm. Whitish, form narrow, elongate. Head triangular, broadly rounded, almost truncate anteriorly. Anterior truncated portion bearing several fine hairs. Eyes prominent, lateral, red. consisting of numerous, distinct omma- tidia. Antennae whitish, about three- fourths as long as body : first segment short, subcylindrical. second segment subcylin- drical. slightly longer than first, third segment very long, whip- like, swollen at base and tapering to a fine point. Thorax as broad as head excluding eyes, sides subparallel. Prothorax and mesothorax subequal in length. Metathorax slightly less in length. Slight constriction between thorax and abdomen. Second abdominal segment widest, remainder gradually taper- _ 4 EN 1 ing to anal segment wh whitish, comparatively long •- :m rea< pair of le: Seconc ~Jw/ Stage. Width of hea mm. Length about 1.1 mm. W; { -m nar- Hea ---_-• '''-.' truncate anteriorly, anteri •. g prominent, lateral. Pr htly br head excluding e ghtly ! . - - - and meta* ~.ilar in shape . pro- thorax : ante" r and ] rved and meta- - of crescents extending posteri ri and abdomen more pronounce >nd or third segment, gradually tapering to an acute point at ultimate segment. Abdominal segment- : - the most pan subequal in length. Legs long, narrow. Antennae about two-thir as body. Rostrum reaching to b) pair of le: Third Xympfial Stage. \\"idth of head including mm. Length about 1.5 mm. Similar in shape a r to pre- ceding stage. Constriction betw— pronounced. Antennae about one-ht'.f as long Posterior extensions of mesothorax and meta: luite pro- nounced, those of mesoth' t jparallel - and th metathorax widely dirt rg _ slightly beyond the extens: f the ir Fourth X \mphal Stage. Width of head including •: 41 mm. Length about 1.8 mm. Similar in shape and color to pre- ceding stage except that e • -.nd m- thorax have developed into pronounced wing p?. mesothorax slightly subparallel or sligh- rgent ai of metathorax widely divergent or extend:: g -rably be- yond the body line. Antennae less than one-ha body. Rostrum extending to between the second pair c Fifth Xynifhal Stage. Width [ ad includi: 51 mm. Length about 2.4 mm. :th lemon-yeK _re : form narrow, elongate gradually tapering p An- tennae white, about one-third as long as body, three-segmented, first segment short, cylindrical, second segment slightly lor. _ than first, third segment whip-like, very long, swollen at base and tapering to a fine point. Head triangular, broadly rounded anteriorly and bearing two setae >'