• 1 ! ^ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME XLIV, 1933 CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863-1932. PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH. D., EDITOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS : E. T. CRESSON, JR. R. G. SCHMIEDER, PH. D. ADVISORY COMMITTEE : PHILIP LAURENT J. A. G. REHN CHARLES LIEBECK JOHN C. LUTZ J. CHESTER BRADLEY, PH. D. MAX KISLIUK, JR. FRANK MORTON JONES, Sc. D. WM. W. CHAPMAN PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA, PA.: THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES LOGAN SQUARE 1933 The several numbers of the NBWS for 1933 were mailed at the Post Office at Philadelphia, Pa., as follows: No. 1— January January 12, 1933 " 2 — February February 6 " 3— March March 21 " 4— April April 13 " 5— May May 2 " 6 — June June 6 " 7— July July 12 " 8— October October 6 " 9 — November .November 7 The date of mailing tne December, 1933, number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January, 1934. Subscriptions for 1933 now Payable. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY, 1933 Vol. XLIV 1 CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863 1932. CONTENTS Jones — Another Oriental Mantis well established in the United States (Orthoptera: Mantidae) 1 Rehn — Chief Morphological and Color Features separating Tenodera angustipennis and T. sinensis (Orthoptera : Mantidae i . . 4 Beall — The Use of a Modified Mclndoo Olfactometer for the European Earwig, Forficula auricularia (Uerrnaptera) .... 6 Jacot — Ordinal Status of the Oribatoidea (Acarina ) K) Bailey — Some Notes on California Thrips (Thysanoptera) .... 14 Bromley — Corrections in Nomenclature (Diptera: Asilid Cole — Ant Communities of a Section of the Sagebrush v 'i-si-vt in Idaho, with Special Reference to the Vegetation (Hymeiiopu-- Formicidae) An Opportunity Fattig— Color Changes in Preserved Specimens of Dynastes tils leoptera: Scarabaeidae) Payne — A Parasitic Hymenopteron as a Vector of an In- Entomological Literature List — Ninth Annual Rocky Mountain Conference of Obituary— Dr. Wi.liam Jacob Holland PHILADELPHIA, PA. 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The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. Printed covers for 50 cppies, $4.00 or more, according to number of pages bound. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XL1V. Plate I. TENODERA ANGUSTIPENNIS SAUSS. -JONES. ADULT MALE. EGG-MASS T. SINENSIS. EGG-MASS T. ANGUSTIPENNIS. ALL NATURAL SIZE. ENTOMOLOGICAL XI-WS VOL. XLIV. JANUARY, 1933 No. 1 Another Oriental Mantis well established in the United States (Tenodera angustipennis Saussure, Orthoptera: Mantidaei. By FRANK MORTON JONES, 'Wilmington, I )cla\\are (Plate l.» Since the publication (ENT. NEWS, IX. 144-145, I'l. IX. 1898) by Philip Laurent of a figure and brief account of tin- discovery in the United States of the oriental mantis, TcinxL ni siiicnsis Sauss., the large size of this insect, its ^rote-i|ue shape and its postures often interpreted as threatening, is presence in cities and in suburban gardens, have attracted interested at- tention wherever it has appeared. In 1918 (Hull. Hkln. Km. Soc., XIII, 73-76) William T. Davis gave a summary of its spread in the years between 1896 and 1918; and in the present year Stanley W. Bromley (Bull. Bkln. Ent. Soc., XXVII, I 201, 1932) has extended that record, showing a present distribution in Connecticut, Xe\v York, Xew Jersey, r<-nn>yl- vania, and Ohio. Northern Delaware may be added to that record, for the insect has been abundant here- fur a number "t years. This literature includes reference to the presence of another introduced mantis (rcUf/iosn Linn.) in Xe\v York to the occasional adventive occurrence in northern State- »\ a native species from the south; but nowhere do 1 hud reterence to a second large exotic species orcurring and permanently established in our ea-tern States. In September, 1930, near Vandyke. >onthwe-t County, Delaware, I found th< ;-masj could not be attributed to sinensis, to species, caroliint, which nears it- northern limit h- 13 ; 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 and in the same general region I found more of these puzzling structures, but made no progress toward their identification. Further search in the spring of 1932 showed them to be pres- ent over a line extending at least two miles, eastward from the Maryland boundary through Vandyke, and I then brought several egg-masses from that locality and tied them out in my own garden at Wilmington, where they received no further at- tention until mid-September of this year (1932), when I cap- tured an adult upon a garden shrub. Search was then com- menced for further specimens, and an effort made to deter- mine more accurately the distribution of the species, with these results : Of this species, 26 adult mantids were captured and innumer- able egg-masses were found, and the presence of the insect was traced across the width of the Delaware-Maryland peninsula from the western extremity of Middle Neck, Cecil County, Maryland, to Port Penn, New Castle County, Delaware, a dis- tance of 16 miles. Eliminating Wilmington (where its presence may be attributable to my introduction of egg-masses from Vandyke), the northern limits of its observed distribution roughly follow the line of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Search was not made south of Vandyke, so its distribution southward remains to be determined. At both the extreme western and extreme eastern stations for the insect, egg-masses were numerous, and they obviously represented the deposits of at least three successive years. Throughout this observed distribution no extensive plantings of exotic shrubs or trees suggest probable explanation of its presence. I am indebted to Mr. J. A. G. Rehn for the identification of this insect as Tenodcra angustipennis Sauss., a native of China, Japan, and Korea, and not hitherto recorded from the United States. Congeneric with sinensis, the adult insect (plate I) is indeed closely similar to that species in struc- ture and appearance, and on casual examination might easily be confused with that species. As related, the present recog- nition of angustipennis as distinct is due to the finding of its xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 characteristic egg-mass. This (plate I), when attached to a twig, is roughly cylindrical, 40 to 60 mm. in length, about 14 mm. in diameter. At the end first deposited, it slopes to a mere coating of the twig, and at the other extremity is rather abruptly truncate. Above, it bears two deep and parallel longi- tudinal grooves about 5 mm. apart, and emergence of the young takes place from the raised area between the grooves. The surface of the egg-mass is marked throughout by narrow and obscure corrugations, laterally oblique, which probably in- dicate the location of successive deposits of eggs within the mass. When deposited upon a flat surface, the length of the mass is not modified, but the structure assumes a lower and more flattened form, sometimes attaining a width of 20 mm. with a height above the surface of attachment of 10 mm. Under no observed condition is the egg-mass of anc/iistipcnnis mistakable for the familiar and almost globular deposit of si uc n sis (plate I). The egg-masses of angustipcnnis are frequently attached to the twigs of shrubs or to the stems of tall herbs ; but at field- margins, fence-posts and tree-trunks seem to be preferred sites. Illustrative of their abundance, twelve such deposits were counted upon a single post near St. Augustine Creek, south of Port Penn, Delaware. The adult mantids exist in three color phases, — green, brown, and (more rarely) gray-brown. Mounts of the $ genitalia show close resemblance, and the arrangement and relative size of the spines of the fore legs seem identical in the two species. The more slender form of angustipennis, its proportionately shorter and narrower tegmina and wings, and their differer in color-pattern, are obvious from the accompanying figure; and no example of angustipcnnis was seen which presented any difficulty in recognition, when placed side by side with siucnsis. Mr. Rehn has added to my obligation by making a careful comparative study of the two species as now abundantly repre- sented in the collections of the Academy of Xatural Scieix and his notes will follow the present paper. 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 Chief Morphological and Color Features separating Tenodera angustipennis and T. sinensis (Orthoptera : Mantidae). By JAMES A. G. REHN, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. In size Tenodera angustipennis averages distinctly smaller and more delicate in both sexes than does T. sinensis, the latter being a heavier and more robust insect. The pronotum is more elongate proportionately in angustipennis with the collar hav- ing its margins less strongly converging cephalad, the cephalic extremity of the pronotum in consequence more broadly and bluntly rounded ; the supra-coxal lobes are less expanded, in fact but little widened ; the shaft has its margins more subparallel. These differences in pronotal structure are more decided in the female than in the male, the proportionately shorter, stouter pronotum of that sex of sinensis being distinctly different from the relatively slender one of angustipennis. The tegmina of angustipennis are distinctly narrower and more attenuate than in sinensis, the ratio of width to length in males of angustipennis being 4.5 to 4.8, of the same sex of sinensis 4.2 to 3.8 ; apex of tegmina more sharply and evenly acute in angustipennis than in sinensis; marginal field of teg- mina in distal half proportionately narrower in angustipennis than in sinensis. In angustipennis the wings are narrower, more attenuate, with the apex of the anterior field much more sharply and evenly acute ; in the male greatest width of the wing is contained in the length of the same nearly 2.5 in angustipennis, as against 2.25 in sinensis; posterior field of the wing much less extensive in angustipennis than in sinensis. Certain other less evident structural differences are to be found, such as the proportions of the facial scutellum and the degree of emphasis of the surface sculpture of the internal and ventral (i.e. extensor) surfaces of the cephalic coxae. These, however, cannot be appreciated as readily as those given above, and need not be emphasized in this connection. In color it is at once evident that regardless of which color phase is represented the posterior or radiate field of the wings xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 in angustipennis is but slightly, if at all, infumate, while in sincnsis the same area is markedly and completely suffused, ex- cept for hyaline areolation near the dividing vein. The strik- ing wing color feature is, however, the longitudinal concentra- tion of the infuscation of the anterior field of the same near the dividing vein, leaving a distinct, nearly clear longitudinal area in the region of the discoidal and median vein for a con- siderable portion of the wing length, the quadrate areolation caused by the fuscous pencilling of the veins and cross-veins in the marginal field being sharply emphasized, while in sincnsis virtually all of the proximal two-thirds of the anterior field, aside from the proximal dark blotch, is regularly areolate with fuscous. The apex of the wings ranges in tone from lightly infuscate in an intensive color type to subhy aline with the veins narrowly brushed with pale fuscous to dull greenish in the respective color phases in more recessive individuals. The tegmina have the marginal field green as is usual in the other species of the genus, the discoidal field in the brown phase almost lacking any trace of the pale marmoration often seen in the brown phase of sincnsis, the veins, however, more dis- tinctly lined in green or brown than in the same phases of sincnsis. The humeral trunk of the tegmina is more dis- tinctly, definitely and completely lined with fuscous brown in both phases than in the same conditions of sincnsis. MEASUREMENT (IN MILLIMETERS) OF REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS OF BOTH SPECIES* "8 o £ •^ m .j«H X w o 3 X C M 0 C m °.^ •4-> fc/j «J! S-s £§ <-> -C ^ •M 11 b£ C £ M 1=5 £ *-c"5 *•' «^£ = ?; c n £ ,3.1 J a O is ft JS o's 2 >. Sj 1* 1) c?, angustipennis 66.5 23.2 5.1 47.8 10.6 15.2 r£ " 61.6 24.5 5.1 50.2 10 15 c?, sinensis 67.5 22.4 5.3 52.2 11.2 16 c?, " 82.3 26.6 7.2 65.S 14 19.6 V, angustipennis 74 25.6 6.2 50.3 11 17.5 O " 75 26.5 7 55 11.6 19 ?, sinensis 88.2 27 7.9 54 13 20.7 ?. 91.5 29.4 8.9 68.5 15.2 23 * Measurements of sincnsis are from specimens taken at various in the vicinity of Philadelphia. thi>M- of angustipennis from material kindly prevented to the Academy liy Mr. Jon< 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 The Use of a Modified Mclndoo Olfactometer for the European Earwig, Forficula auricularia, (Dermap.). By GEOFFREY BEALL, Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Chatham, Ontario. INTRODUCTION. An attempt was made at the University of British Columbia to test the chemotropic responses of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, L., during the winter of 1930-31.* This work was planned to be the basis of an attempt to solve the difficult problem of comparing the attractive properties, positive or negative, of various poisoned baits and their constituents. The more simple problem of the response of the earwig to common foods and chemicals was first studied with the object of discovering to what extent the anticipated methods were practicable, and is the subject of this paper. The results from these preliminary tests were unsatisfactory in that they appa- rently did not agree with the known behavior of the earwig. Therefore, the work was not extended to include tests on baits. APPARATUS. A slightly modified form of the olfactometer* used by Mc- lndoo in his investigations upon the responses of the potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemttneata, Say., was employed. It was essentially a Y of glass tubing, like the original. However, the stem was longer and larger in diameter. Also the passage, at the junction of the stem with the arms, was not constricted as in the model olfactometer. The stem of the olfactometer had an inside diameter of one and a half inches, and the arms had a diameter of half an inch. Three short pieces of glass tubing were attached vertically to the Y near the crotch. The two on the arms served as intake and that on the stem as an outlet, for the air currents. * Published by permission of Prof. C. M. Eraser, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia. The work was conducted under the direction of Prof. G. J. Spencer, to whom I am greatly indebted for advice and assistance. To Prof. F. Dickson and Prof. M. J. Marshall, I am also obliged for assistance. * Mclndoo, N. E. 1926 U. S. Bureau Entomology. "An Insect Olfac- tometer", Jour. Econ. Ent. XIX, No. 3: 545-71, 8 Fig. Geneva, N. Y. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 OPERATION. Air Movement. A bunsen suction pump was used to draw the air through the olfactometer. It was connected with the small vertical out- let on the stem. The air for one of the intake tubes on the arms of the Y was bubbled through a flask of water, then led through the odoriferous substance to be tested. The air for the other intake tube was only bubbled through the water. The intake tubes of the olfactometer were plugged with cotton, which served both as a filter against droplets or dust of the substance being tested and as a barrier against the occasional earwig which might attempt to ascend the tube. The outlet tube was similarly plugged. Stoppers were put in the ends of the Y when the apparatus was being used. In a preliminary experiment, when no odoriferous substances were being tested, earwigs had shown a tendency to go into the arm of the olfactometer in which air was moving the more rapidly. Therefore, in the experiment proper, every effort was made to equalize the currents of air in the two intake arms. All resistances to the air currents, such as the bends in the tubing and the depth of water in the flasks, on the two sides were balanced as closely as possible, in setting up the apparatus. Then pinch-cocks were used to help in the equalization. To further approach equality between the two currents, and to ensure a nearly constant rate of flow, the currents were each run through five feet of glass tubing, one millimeter inside diameter. The rate at which air was passing through each side of the intake systems was judged by the number of bubbles per minute in the flask of water on each side. A liter of air was drawn through the system in two minutes. In order to eliminate the influence of bias between the arms on comparative readings between the two intake systems, the latter were changed over from one arm to the other after every two readings. Eanvig Stock Used. The earwigs used during December, 1930, and January, 1931, for this work had been taken as adults in September, 1930. They had been kept in the green-house or zoological laboratory in the meantime. 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 Procedure in Experiment. Since earwigs avoid light, an effort was made to disturb them as little as possible before they were used in an experi- ment. Accordingly, before any readings were taken they were all counted out ; after this they were kept in the dark until it was time to use them. In doing this, about eighty earwigs to be used in the course of the day were divided into lots of six of like sex. Each of these groups was placed in a two-inch vial. Individuals were used that had not been fed for from thirty to forty-eight hours. Each lot was, as a rule, employed only once in the course of a day, although sometimes groups were used a second time after an interval of several hours. Only adults were tested. Substances to be tested were put in Erlenmeyer flasks or test-tubes. Air was bubbled through two inches of liquids or passed through three inches of fine, freshly mashed, solids. After each reading, the arms of the olfactometer were cleaned with soft towel paper on the end of a flexible wire. Sometimes the stem was also cleaned. In order to keep the current as free as possible from odors, other than that being tested, rubber connections were reduced to a minimum by using glass and cork wherever possible. In actually taking a reading, the apparatus was completely assembled, except that the stem of the olfactometer was open. One of the vials of earwigs was taken from the dark, uncorked and placed in the mouth of the stem as quickly as possible, and then the light was switched out. After an average period of fifteen minutes, the light was turned on and the position of the earwigs immediately determined. It will be seen that in this work no attractive force, such as the light used by Mclndoo, was present to draw the insects into the arms of the olfactometer. However, the natural restless- ness of the earwigs was relied upon to bring some of them along the stem into the region of the odor. xllV, '33] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9 Results of Experiment. The actual results from a series of readings with various suhstance is shown below. Since all factors were practically the same in the two arms, it is assumed that an equal number of earwigs should have been obtained in each, that is a 1/1 distribution would be expected. By formula * the probable- deviation from this ratio, for the numbers used, is calculated and shown against the observed deviation. •>-> g 'J, C 03'- ^ c 5-S g. a s -s »* S ^ Odoriferous substance .£ ' X • £' ethyl alcohol 32 15 3] 48 ±8.5 ±3.0 .06 7% ethyl alcohol ' 9 10-20 9 24 ±7.5 ±1.9 .009 Concentrated solution of sodium arsen- ite in water 32 15 36 43 ±3.5 ±3.0 A Pulverized fresh apple 23 ]5-60 16 52 ±18.0 ±2.8 0 Pulverized fresh liver 44 15-60 30 90 ±30.0 0 Crushed iKiphthalenef 9 15 13 .004 CONCLUSIONS. To summarize the results from this experiment, it may be said that, on the whole, the response of the earwigs, when con- sidered in the light of general observations, seemed abnormal for the substances tested. In the case of naphthalene the strong aversion shown toward its odor would have been anticipated. Also since sodium arsenite is not a volatile substance, the * Formula used is PE = + .6745 (PNQ) i Where p = number in one arm q = number in other arm = P + q fin the case of the naphthalene the current ot air was nut passeq through the substance but only thruuiji the upper part uf a 5 HO cc. Erlemnaycr flask which had one common muth-ball crushed in tin- 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 neutral response of the earwigs was apparently normal. The very strongly marked reaction against 7% alcohol, apple and liver is inexplicable. Particularly is this so in the case of the latter two foods which were eaten readily under free and caged conditions. Since the results obtained with the common foods were so unsatisfactory, and since time was not available to analyze the apparent discrepancies, further tests with earwig baits, which had originally been projected, were not carried out. While the results obtained were apparently unsatisfactory, it should be noticed that only in the case of one substance, sodium arsenite, was the experimental deviation from a 1/1 ratio be- tween the two arms, within the limits of standard deviation. In this case there were four chances in ten that the deviation obtained was a matter of chance. For all other substances, the probability that the observed deviation was due to chance was nowhere higher than six out of one hundred. In short, the earwigs did orient within the olfactometer to smell. Ordinal Status of the Oribatoidea ( Acarina). By ARTHUR PAUL JACOT. According to some of the most recent systems of classifica- tion,1 the moss mites are placed in the suborder Sarcopti- formes with the Acaridiae, on the ground that (1) some of the larvae of the Oribatoidea resemble some of the Tyrogly- phids and that (2) they have in common the following struc- tures : 1. Reduction of mandible segments (to 2) 2. Reduction of maxillary palp segments (to 3-5) 3. Reduction of leg segments (to 5) 4. Absence of heart 5. Absence of "malpighian tubes" 6. Presence of pseudostigmatic organs 7. Presence of midgut caeca 8. Presence of complete alimentary canal. Concerning these structures the following factors should be considered : Reduction of number of segments is due to orthogenic trends and is therefore of phylogenic import. ^itzthum, H., 1931, Ordnung der Arachnida : Acari : : Milben, in: Kiikenthal and Krumbach, Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 3, 160 pp., 161 figs. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11 Absence of heart is a character which is largely governed by size of body and has no true phylogenic value within an order. The absence may occur in any group of Arthropods in which the body is small enough. Moss mites rarely attain a body length of 2 mm. Absence of "malpighian tubes" is also correlated with size and possibly diet. As moss mites have a well developed alimen- tary system and tracheal (aereating) system, an additional ex- cretory system in so small a body would be unnecessary. This absence may therefore have no phyletic significance. Pseudostigmatic organs are also developed in the Trombi- diidae and absent in some of the primitive Oribatoidea. Midgut caeca are found in varying degrees of development. For instance in the Oribatinae (old Damaeus) they are not de- veloped or are merely angles of the ventriculus. One must therefore consider them an independent development. Presence of a complete alimentary canal is a character which is largely influenced by feeding habits. Parasitic forms feeding on highly organized fluids have a tendency to reduction of posterior end of alimentary canal. This is true in other phyla of animals. The presence of the complete alimentary canal in the Oribatoidea is directly correlated with their vege- tarian diet. The same high development of the alimentary tract, especially the intestine, is found in the vegetarian mam- mals, birds, fishes and others. It has no phylogenic signifi- cance. Thus these structural characters, are due to size, diet and orthogenic trends. Another viewpoint is to consider the points of difference. These are: Oribatoidea Acaridiae Mouth parts enclosed by rostrum mostly extending beyond Maxillary palp 3-5 segmented 3 segmented Tracheae 0-8 Coxae variously modified I & II, III & IV united Tarsi without pennant, with pennant with 1-3 claws and/or 1 claw Body usually highly soft chitinized Sexual di- absent present morphism 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 The enclosing of the mouth parts under the rostrum is cor- related with feeding habits, i.e. these organs have never become highly developed for prehension or attack as in the Parasiti- formes (and the saber-toothed tiger), but remain protected by the chitinous hood. The presence of the tracheae is a secondary development as they are absent in the Phthiracaridae, in the primitive Oribatids, larvae and nymphs, while they are poorly developed in inter- mediate groups like the Nothrinae, and long and convoluted in the highly specialized Pterogasterines. Thus again, there is no phylogenic connection. The development of the tracheae in these minute forms is necessitated by and correlated with the degree of chitinization of the skin. Fusion, of coxae and reduction of palp segments designate orthogenic trends. Conditions of tarsal armature are correlated with life habits, and are strongly divergent tendencies. For instance, in the Acaridiae special structures are developed to enable host rela- tions. In the Oribatoidea the single hook becomes three in the more advanced species, either by reduplication or by split- ting on either or both sides, first as thin blades, also as equally stout. The presence of these subsidiary hooks has all the ap- pearance of a mutation. For instance, in the species Pscudo- tritia ardua small races have one nail, while the robust northern form is triheterohamate. In the genus Ameronothrus one hook appears in some species, three in others without correlation, just as they happen to mutate, but breeding true to type once the type is established. In the most highly specialized genera one finds three hooks unexceptionally — though one might ex- pect a single hook in the smallest species. The hooked unguis is the normal ambulatory armature found in the larvae and the primitive groups of most terrestrial Arthropods and is therefore the most primitive condition. The clinging struc- tures developed in the parasitic forms are specializations. Thus the lingual armature is correlated with substratum, secondarily with feeding habits (as in parasitic forms). Chitinization of body is again an independent development correlated with inoffensive, passive feeding habits, i.e. it is de- veloped as a protection. This is clear from the fact that it is poorly developed in the larvae, better developed in the nymphs xlJV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKNVS 13 and primitive groups, and highly developed in the- winged and long-legged species (i.e. in the climax groups). Sexual dimorphism is often found in parasitic groups. That it is not developed in the Oribatoidea is not surprising. Thus it is evident that most of the differential characters are due to the dense chitinization and that this in turn is a protective device necessitated by the passive, feeding habits. Size is probably a result of the mechanics of structure. In brief then, the majority of differences between the Ori- batoidea and the Acaridiae are that the moss mites are primi- tive in feeding habits and the Acaroids are specialized. These characters may be regrouped as follows : I. Orthogenic characters : Reduction in number of mandible segments (to 2) Reduction in number of maxillary palp segments (to 3-5) Reduction in number of leg segments (to 5-6) II. Feeding habits : free, vegetarian, resulting in : Inoffensive mouth parts — covered by rostrum Chitinization of body wall — for protection, necessitating: Development of tracheae Small size, resulting in : Lack of heart Lack of "malpighian tubes" Development of midgut caeca Primitive unguis (ambulatory) III. Primitive larvae. Thus the Oribatoidea may be subordinally related to the Acaridiae in that (1) the larvae of some of the Oribatoidea resemble the most primitive of the Acaridiae, (2) the numher (a) of mandible segments (b) maxillary segments (c) leg seg- ments are similarly reduced. They differ in several striking structural characters necessitated by their markedly different feeding habits. The primitive feeding habits correlated with presence of segmentation should place the ( )ribatoidra anterior to the Parasitiformes, while the reduced appendages would place them posterior to the Parasitiformes. As the development of the predaceous and parasitic habits with their accompanying structural modifications is a more rapid acquisition than reduc- tion of appendicular segments, the Oribatoidea may be re- garded as more highly specialized, more deeply modified than 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 the Parasiti formes and placed posteriorly — along with the Acaridiae. To be more specific, the Oribatoidea are far more primitive than the highly diversified and modified parasitic Monacotricha and Anacotricha (of the Acaridiae). Likewise they are dis- tinctly more primitive than the parasitic families of the Dia- cotricha but more specialized than the saprophytic families. At present these Diacotricha are so poorly understood that it would be a waste of time to endeavor to determine the imme- diate relationships of the Oribatoidea with these saprophytic Diacotricha, suffice it to say that it is near the Tyroglyphoids. Thus the true position of the moss mites would be among the Diacotricha of the Acaridiae. In this connection it should be remembered that some of the Oribatoidea have (1) abdo- minal segmentation, (2) six leg segments, the coxae being invaginated,2 (3) no praetarsus,3 (4) a five segmented maxillary palp.4 Thus it is incorrect to say that the Oribatoidea are chitinized Acaridiae, but one might say they are chitinized Tyroglyphoids. Some Notes on California Thrips (Thysanoptera). By STANLEY F. BAILEY, University of California. Some notes have recently been gathered on several species of California Thysanoptera which add somewhat to the knowl- edge of their distribution and host plants. HERCOTHRIPS FEMORALIS (Reuter.) Mr. L. M. Smith re- ported this species as causing considerable damage to a cactus garden at San Jose, California, during April, 1931. The major- ity of the plants attacked belong to the family Crassulaceae and are Kalanchoe mannorata, Cotyledon maximum, Sempervivttm maraianatum, Pleiospilus bolusii, Fancaria tigrina, and Crassula monticola. Only one true cactus (Cereus ocamponis) was attacked. At Davis, California, during May and June, 1931, sugar beets grown in a greenhouse for experimental purposes were found to be heavily infested. There is a distinct preponderance of females in this species and the males were only occasionally taken. HELIOTHRIPS HAEMORRHOIDALIS (Bch.). Two records of the greenhouse thrips living out-of-doors in California have recently come to hand. Prof. E. O. Essig reports this thrips 8 Id., p. 81. "Id., p. 82. 4Id., p. 84. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 as damaging the foliage of persimmons at Santa Barbara, Oc- tober 13, 1930, and Mr. R. L. Usinger collected it on orna- mentals (plants not determined) at Oakland during April, 1931. ODONTOTIIRIPS LOTI Haliday. Both sexes were taken by Mr. L. M. Smith and the author on wild vetch (Vicia sativa L.) at Monticello, California on March 3. 1931, and by the author on Lactuca scariola L. at Davis, California, on June 27, 1931. SERICOTHRIPS VARIABILIS (Beach). This species has been taken on CcanotJius at Davis, California, during June in both 1930 and 1931. The plant is in blossom at this time and the thrips may be found in large numbers in the flowers but de- creases as the summer progresses, and has not been taken dur- ing the remainder of the year on this host. The male of the species is not very common. AEOLOTHRIPS KUWANI Moulton. This apparently predacious thrips has been observed at Davis, California, on pear, prune, apple, and Lactuca scariola L. during May and June, 1930 and 1931. Pupation occurs on the host in curled leaves, abandoned spiders' webs, etc. ANAPHOTHRIPS STANFORDI (Moulton). Apterous females were taken on Lactuca at Berkeley, California, on Dec. 6, 1930. LIOTHRIPS VARICORNIS Hood. A large number of adults and larvae were taken in hollyhock (Althaea rosea} flowers at Davis, California, on October 19, 1929. I am indebted to Mr. John B. Steinweden, assistant to Mr. Dudley Moulton, for making determinations of several of the above species. — ««» — Corrections in Nomenclature (Diptera, Asilidae). In my paper on the genus Microstylum in Madagascar, pub- lished in the Transactions of the American Entomological Soci- ety, LI I, pp. 201-207, 1927, I described a new species under the name of yriscnui. Due to a printer's error, this appeared ;>t the hp.nd of the description as of Xoolo^iral Nomenclature," 28 pp. octavo, paper, ](>2<>. "I '.in Is of the Washington, D. C. Region," by May Thatcher Cookc. 7() pp. octavo, paper, 1929. These can be obtained from tin- Society's corresponding secretary, J. S. Wade, U. S. P.ureau of Knto- mology, Washington, D. C. Requests should In- sent promptly as only a very limited number of copies remain. 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 Color Changes in Preserved Specimens of Dynastes tityus (Coleop. : Scarabaeidae). By P. W. FATTIG, Emory University, Georgia. For several years I have been observing the Dynastes tityus Linn. (Coleoptera) in my collection, trying to find out why some of the specimens change color. Blatchley in his Coleoptera of Indiana says that these beetles are "greenish-gray with brownish or piceous spots scat- tered irregularly over the elytra." He also comments upon the eight specimens in their collection as follows— "One of the females is wholly chestnut-brown above ; while one of the males has one elytron almost wholly chestnut-brown, the other one being of a normal hue." I have one specimen, a male, taken at Springfield, Ohio, on May 14, 1915. This specimen was of the natural color. It remained this way for at least two years. While teaching at the State Teachers College at Valley City, North Dakota, I showed this specimen to some of my students in the Spring of 1918, and was surprised to find that the right elytron of this male had changed to a chestnut-brown. I did not notice this specimen again for about two years, when at Gainesville, Florida, I opened the box again, and was very greatly sur- prised to find that the beetle had changed back to its normal color. It remained this way for three or four years, when the right elytron again changed to the chestnut-brown color. At the present time, both elytra are chestnut-brown in color. When I first noticed the change in color, I explained it by saying that when the pin had been run through the right elytron, that some of the body fluids had come into contact with the elytron, and that these fluids had finally caused the elytron to change to the chestnut-brown color. When the elytron had changed back to its original color, I was puzzled in trying to find an explanation. I have the following pinned specimens — One female, taken at Gainesville, Florida, June 18, 1919, which has remained nor- mal in color; one female, Atlanta, Georgia, July 11, 1928, in which the right elytron and the thorax have changed to a chest- nut-brown color; one male, Atlanta, Georgia, October 1, 1927, in which both elytra and the thorax have changed to a reddish- xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 21 brown color; one male, Atlanta, Ga., July 8, 1928, which has remained normal in color. I have a male from Farmville, Virginia, which I took from the pupa case on May 5, 1925. This was an adult specimen. During the past year, the right elytron has changed to a chest- nut-brown color. 1 have the following papered specimens — one female, Atlanta, Ga., July 8, 1928, in which both elytra and the thorax have changed to a chestnut-brown color; one female, Atlanta, Ga., July 10, 1928, which has remained normal in color; one female, Atlanta, Ga., July 8, 1928, which is now changing in color (both the elytra and the thorax) ; one male, Atlanta, Ga., July 11, 1928, in which the thorax has changed to a chestnut-brown color; one male, Atlanta, Ga., July 9, 1928, which has re- mained normal in color; one male, Griffin, Ga., June 22, 1930, which has remained normal in color ; one female, Atlanta, Ga., June 18, 1929, in which both elytra and the thorax have changed to a chestnut-brown color; one female, Atlanta, Ga., September 3, 1928, which has remained normal in color ; one female, Atlanta, Ga., July 11, 1929, in which both the elytra and the thorax are changing in color; one female, Atlanta, Ga., July 15, 1929, which is changing in color (both the elytra and the thorax) ; one female, Atlanta, Ga., July 2, 1927, in which both elytra and the thorax have changed to a chestnut-brown color. All of the specimens were normal in color when captured. All have been kept under the same conditions. The most peculiar of these specimens i- the male from Springfield, Ohio, in which the right elytron changed to a chestnut-brown color, and then again changed back to the nor- mal color, and thus remained for at least, four years, when the right elytron again changed to the chestnut-brown color, and finally the left elytron changed to the chestnut-brown color. The thorax of this specimen has remained normal in color during all of these color changes, so far as I have- observed the color changes. The Atlanta, Ga., July 11, 1()J8, specimen i- also interesting in that the thorax only has changed in color. The three specimens which are changing in color pre-ent a peculiar appearance. I believe that they will finally have the same color as the others which have changed in color. 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 A Parasitic Hymenopteron as a Vector of an Insect Disease. The importance of insects as vectors of human disease has been appreciated for many years. Yellow fever, malaria and other diseases are now largely controlled by combating their insect vectors. More recently the role of insects as carriers of plant diseases has been established. Such diseases as curly- top in sugar beets and tip-burn in potatoes are spread by means of insects. However that insects may serve as carriers of insect diseases has not been generally recognized. Insect parasites which normally pass from host to host may carry disease. The parasitic Hymenoptera which paralyze their hosts by stinging may carry disease organisms on their ovipostors. If the insect which is stung is carried to the nest of the Hymenopteron and there devoured, the presence of germs on the ovipositor is not a factor in the spread of dis- ease among a general population of insects. However when the insects which are stung are allowed to remain where they are, and the parasite passes from insect to insect the ovipositor of the stinging insect may be a factor in spread of disease. In addition when the insect stung is not always completely paral- yzed and may be able to move about the importance of disease transmission is greater than when the insect is completely paralyzed. Microbracon hebetor Say [Braconidae] stings larvae of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephcstia kithmella Zeller. Eggs are not deposited on the paralyzed caterpillars but are laid under or near the larvae. The wasp larvae on hatching crawl to the host and feed on it as external parasites. At times the host larvae are incompletely paralyzed. Also the parasite larvae do not always find the host. Among the host larvae is a sporozoan disease caused by Thelohania ephestiae Mattes. The earliest foci of the disease occur in the ganglia of the central nervous system. The disease can be recognized when the larvae are still alive by the diseased larvae having a large head and a small body. It is of interest that the infected larvae have badly coordinated crawling movements. The transfer of Thelohania ephestiae Mattes by the wasp Microbracon hebetor Say rests on the following evidence : The disease cannot be transmitted by mouth. Diseased larvae can be kept in the same culture dish with healthy larvae without infecting them. The disease follows parasitic attack. The first point of infection is in the ganglion pierced by the parasitic wasp. Later the causative organism is found in both the nerv- ous system and the fat body. NELLIE M. PAYNE. List of the Titles of Periodicals and Serials Referred to by Numbers in Entomological Literature in Entomological News. 1. Transactions of The American Entomological Society. Philadelphia. 2. Entomologische Blatter, red. v. H. Eckstein etc. Berlin. 3. Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Pittsburgh, Pa. 4. Canadian Entomologist. London, Canada. 5. Pysche, A Journal of Entomology. Boston, Mass. 6. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. New York. 7. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Columbus, Ohio. 8. Entomologists' Monthly Magazine. London. 9. The Entomologist. London. 10. Proceedings of the Ent. Soc. of Washington. Washington, D. C. 11. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin. 12. Journal of Economic Entomology, Geneva, N. Y. 13. Journal of Entomology and Zoology. Claremont, Cal. 14. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a. M., Germany. 15. Natural History, American Museum of Natural History. New York. 16. American Journal of Science. New Haven, Conn. 17. Entomologische Rundschau. Stuttgart, Germany. 18. Internationale entomologische Zeitschrift. Guben, Germany. 19. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Brooklyn, N. Y. 20. Societas entomologica. Stuttgart, Germany. 21. The Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation. London. 22. Bulletin of Entomological Research. London. 23. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d'Agricultura in Portici. Italy. 24. Annales de la societe entomologique de France. Paris. 25. Bulletin de la societe entomologique de France. Paris. 26. Entomologischer Anzeiger, hersg. Adolf Hoffmann. Wien, Austria. 27. Bolletino della Societa Entomologica. Geneva, Italy. 28. Ent. Tidskrift utgifen af Ent. Foreningen i Stockholm. Sweden. 29. Annual Report of the Ent. Society of Ontario. Toronto, Canada. 30. The Maine Naturalist. Thornaston, Maine. 31. Nature. London. 32. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janiero. Brazil. 33. Bull, et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles. 34. Zoologischer Anzeiger, hrsg. v. E. Korschelt. Leipzig. 35. The Annals of Applied Biology. Cambridge, England. 36. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. England. 37. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Honolulu. 38. Bull, of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Los Angeles. 39. The Florida Entomologist. Gainesville, Fla. 40. American Museum Novitates. New York. 41. Mitteilungen der schweiz. ent. Gesellschaft. Schaffhausen, Switzerland. 42. The Journal of Experimental Zoology. Philadelphia. 43. Ohio Journal of Sciences. Columbus, Ohio. 44. Revista chilena de historia natural. Valparaiso, Chile. 45. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. Berlin. 46. Zeitschrift fur Morphologic und Okologie der Tiere. Berlin. 47. Journal of Agricultural Research. Washington, D. C. 48. Wiener entomologische Zcitung. Wien, Austria. 49. Entomologische Mitteilungen. Berlin. ^0. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. Washington, D. C. 51. Notulae entomologicae, ed. Soc. ent. Helsingfors. Helsingiors, Finland. 52. Archiv f iir Naturgeschichte, hrsg. v. E. Strand. Berlin. 53. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. London. 54. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compared. Paris. 55. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. San Francisco, Cal. 56. "Konowia". Zeit. fiir systematische Insektenkunde. Wien, Austria. 57. La Feuille des Naturalistes. Paris. 58. Entomologische Berichten. Nederlandsche ent. Ver. Amsterdam. 59. Encyclopedic entomologique, ed. P. Lechevalier. Paris. 60. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Stettin, Germany. 61. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco. 62. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New York. 63. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift "Iris". Berlin. 64. Zeitschrift des osterr. entomologen-Vereines. Wien. 65. Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Entomologie, hrsg. K. Escherich. Berlin. 66. Report of the Proceedings of the Entomological Meeting. Pusa, India. 67. University of California Publications, Entomology. Berkeley, Cal. 68. Science. New York. 69. Comptes rendus hebdoma. des seances de 1'Academie des sciences. Paris. 70. Entomologica Americana, Brooklyn Entomological Society. Brooklyn. 71. Novitates Zoologicae. Tring, England. 72. Revue russe d'Entomologie. Leningrad, USSR. 73. Quarterly Review of Biology. Baltimore, Maryland. 74. Sbornik entomolog. narodniho musea v Praze. Prague, Czechoslavokia. 75. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London. 76. The Scientific Monthly. New York. 77. Comptes rendus heb. des seances et memo, de la soc. de biologic. Paris. 78. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique. Paris. 79. Koleopterologische Rundschau. Wien. 80. Lepidopterologische Rundschau, hrsg. Adolf Hoffmann. Wien. 81. Folia myrmecol. et termitol. hrsg. Anton Krausse. Bernau bei Berlin. 82. Bulletin, Division of the Natural History Survey. Urbana, Illinois. 83. Arkiv for zoologie, K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien i. Stockholm. 84. Ecology. Brooklyn. 85. Genetics. Princeton, New Jersey. 86. Zoologica, New York Zoological Society. New York. 87. Archiv fiir Entwicklungs mechanik der Organ., hrsg. v. Roux. Leipzig. 88. Die Naturwissenschaf ten, hrsg. A. Berliner. Berlin. 89. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, hrsg. v. Spengel. Jena, Germany. 90. The American Naturalist. Garrison-on-Hudson, New York. 91. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C. 92. Biological Bulletin. Wood's Hole, Massachusetts. 93. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. England. 94. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Leipzig. 95. Proceedings of the Biological Soc. of Washington, Washington, D. C 96. La Cellule. Lierre, Belgium. 97. Biologisches Zentralblatt. Leipzig. 98. Le Naturaliste Canadien. Cap Rouge, Chicoutimi, Quebec. 99. Melanges exotico-entomologiques, Par Maurice Pic. Moulins, France. 100. Bulletin Intern., Academic Polonaise des Sci. et des Lett. Cra- covie, Poland. 101. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, Nederlandsche Entomol. Ver., Amsterdam. 102. Entomologiske Meddelelser, Entomologisk Forening, Copenhagen. 103. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Lawrence, Kansas. 104. Revista de la Sociedad entomologica Argentina, Buenos Aires. 105. Revista Entomologia, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 106. Anales Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23 Entomological Literature COMPILED BY LAURA S. MACKKV UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF E. T. CRESSON, J U. Under the above head it is intended in note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, ]><•: -t.-i i::ing to the Kn- tomology of the Americas (North and South), i> ,da and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to A but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of however, whether relating- to American or exotic ies will be recorded. The figures within brackets [ ] refer to tin.' journal in whieii lh appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials publish. -d in our January and June issues. This li d from the pub- lisher of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for lOc. Tin.- numbi a.nnual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c. the latter within ( > follows; then the pagination follows the colon : All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. *Papers containing new forms or names have an preceding author's name. (S) Papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper. For records of Economic Literature, see the ord, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Revi« \v of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, S -rios B SSTNote t'ic change in the method of citing the 'bliographical references, as explained above. Papers published in the Entomological News are rot listed. GENERAL — Gunder, J. D.-- Jacks of all orders. [19] 27: 247, ill. Keeler, A. A.- -The value of an observation hive of honeybees in the teaching of high school biology. [43] 32: 539-543, ill. Niepelt, W.— Obituary. By G. Cal- liess. [18] 26: 327-328. Pic, M.— Reflexions jugees neces saires. [L'Ech. Rev. Linne.] No. 450: Separate 4pp. Scheerpeltz, O.--Eine neue beleuchtungseinrichtung fur Stereo-rhikroskope vom Greenough-typus. [14] 46: 171-172, ill.; also [48] 49: 80-84, ill. Scott, H— Entomological re- search in the Marquesas Islands. [31] 130: Thomas, E. S. — Insect friends and foes. [Ohio State Arch. ^ Hist. Soc.] 1932: 65pp., ill. Walker, E. M.- Prognathism and hypognathism in insects. |4] 64: 223-^ *>. ill. William- son, G. C. — The zoology and botany of Amber. | I '...ok oi Amber, London] 133-150, ill. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. -- Buxton, P. A. The relation of adult Rhodnius prolixus Rhynchota) to atmospheric humidity [Parasitology 429-439, ill. Griddle, N.— The correlation of sunspot JK odicity with grasshopper fluctuation in Manitoba. [Cana- dian Field-Nat.] 46: 195-199, ill. Green, R. of staining and mounting mid-guts ..f ino><[uitocs demonstration of Oocysts. [Parasitology] Hinman & Faust— The ingestion of UK- larvae- ol molitor (meal worm) by man. [Jour. Parasit.] 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 Hoffmeyer, E. B. — Ueber sensillen in den Hymenopteren- flugeln. [102] 18: 58-74, ill. MacGregor, M/E.-- Certain pathological effects of ultra-violet radiation on mosquito larvae and pupa. [Pro. R. Soc., London] 112, (B) : 27-38, ill. Marshall & Staley--On the distribution of air in the oesophageal diverticula and intestine of mosquitoes. [Para- sitology] 24: 368-381, ill. Mellanby, K.— Effects of temper- ature and humidity on the metabolism of the fasting bed- bug (Cimex lectularius), Hemiptera. [Parasitology] 24: 419-428, ill. Norris, M. J. -- Contributions towards the study of insect fertility. I. The structure and operation of the reproductive organs of the genera Ephestia and Plodia (Phycitidae). [93] 1932: 595-611, ill. Storey, H. H.— The inheritance by an insect vector of the ability to transmit a plant virus. [Pro. R. Soc., London] 112, (B) : 46-60, ill. True, G. H. — Studies of the anatomy of the pajaroello tick, Orni- thodorus coriaceus. .[67] 6: 48pp. t ill. Wigglesworth, V. B. — The hatching organ of Lipeurus columbae (Mallo- phaga), with a note on its phylogenetic significance. [Para- sitology] 24: 365-367, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA — Meise, W. - Fehlender und extrem entwickelter sexual-dimorphismus im formenkreis Heterometrus longimanus. [52] N. F. 1 : 660-671, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS— *Longinos Navas, P. — Insectos Suramericanos. [Rev. Acad. Cien., Madrid] 29: 53-66, ill. *Longinos Navas, R. P.— Decadas de insectos nuevos. [Broteria] 1: 145-155, ill. (S). Stach, J. — Die Aptrygoten aus den Galapagos Inseln. [Nyt Mag. f. Naturv., Olso] 71 : 331-346, ill. *Traver, J. R.— Neoclo- eon, a new mayfly genus (Ephemerida). [6] 40: 365-372, ill. Zunker, M. — Die Mallophagen des arktischen gebietes. [Fauna Arct., Jena] 6: 283-194, ill. ORTHOPTERA — *Karny, H. H. — Ueber einige neo- tropische Gryllacrinen (Gryllacridae). [48] 49: 97-105, ill. HEMIPTERA — *Barber, H. G. — A new species of Rhod- nius from Panama (Reduviidae). [91] 22: 514-517, ill. *Barber, H. G. — Three new species of Exptochiomera from the United States (Lygaeidae). [6] 40: 357-363, ill. *Essig, E. O.--A genus and species of the family Aphididae new to North America. [67] 6: 8pp., ill. Hookom, D. W. — A study of the Membracidae known to occur in Iowa. [Pro. Iowa Acad. Sci.] 37: 385-386. *Hungerford, H. B.— A new Potamobates (Gerridae). [19] 27: 228-230. Osborn, H.- xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25 Supplemental records and notes on Ohio leafhoppers. [43] 32: 513-517, ill. LEPIDOPTERA— Bouvier, M. E. L.— Etude cles Satur- nioides normaux famille des Hemileucides. [Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Paris] 15: 363-426, ill. Garth, J. S.— The geograph- ical race-concept in Lepidoptera. [4] 64: 217-223. Klots, A. B. — New records of Lepidoptera from New York. [6] 40: 385-387. *McDunnough, J. — Notes on the synonymy of certain Euxoa species with descriptions of new species. [4] 64: 229-236, ill. Mousley, H.— Further notes on the birds, orchids, ferns and butterflies of the Province of Quebec, 1931. [The Canadian Field-Nat.] 46: 171-173. O'Byrne, H. — A moth seized by a bird and rejected un- harmed (Arctiidae). [4] 64: 239. Parks, H. B.— Megathy- mus yuccae race navajo at San Antonio, Texas. [19] 27: 248. *Schaus, W. — A new form of Hyloicus discovered in Ecuador by W. Judson Coxey. [6] 40: 375. Stempffer, H. -Remarques sur le mode actuel de classification des Lyca- enidae [L'Amateur d. Papillons] 6: 109-114. Talbot, G- Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Pars 53. Pieridae I. 320pp. DIPTERA — Barnes, H. F. --A study of the segmenta- tion of the antennae in gall midges (Cecidomyidae). [93] 1932: 323-334, ill. *Curran, C. H. — Diptera, excl. of Tipuli- dae and Culicidae [of the Wollebaek Galapagos Expedi- tion]. [Nyt Mag. f. Naturv., Olso] 71: 347-366, ill. Edwards, F. W. — Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 194. Diptera. Culicidae. 258pp, ill. Edwards, F. W.-- Results of the questionnaire of Meigen's 1800 paper. [8] 68: 255-258. Ford, N. — Observations on the behaviour of the Sarcopha- gid fly, Wohlfahrtia vigil. [Jour. Parasit.] 19: 106-111. Hinman, E. H.--A description of the larva of Anopheles atropos, with biological notes on the species. [10] 34: 138- 142. Patton, W. S. — A revision of the species of the genus Musca based on a comparative study of the male terminalia. [Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit.] 26: 347-405, ill. COLEOPTERA — *Barrett, R. E. — A new Aphodius from California. [4] 64: 240. *Blair, K. G.— The North Amer- ican species of Rhinosimus (Pythidae). [8] 68: Cooper, K. W. — A correction to Bradley 's manual of the genera of beetles. [4] 64: 236. Csiki, E.— Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 124. Carabidae: Harpalinae \ II. p. 1-' 1598. Frost, C. A.— Cicindela purpurea nigcrrinia. [19] 27: 245. Gardner, J. C. M.— The larva of Catapiestus in- ciicus (Tenebrionidae). [10] 34: 142-145, ill. Hatch, M. H. — "Necrophorus" or "Nicrophorus." [6] 40: 391. Heiker- 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 tinger, F. - - Die Coccinelliden, ihr "Ekelblut" ihre warn- tracht und ihre feinde. [97] 52: 385-412. *Janssens, A.- Description d'un Phanaeide inedit (Copride). [33] 72: 119- 122, ill. (S). *Kessel, F. — Fauna Brasiliensis Coleoptero- logica. Lef. 1-2. p. 1-72. [mimeographed]. McKenzie, H. L. — The biology and feeding habits of Hyperaspis lateralis (Coccinellidae). [67] 6: 20pp., ill. Maulik, S. — On the structure of larvae of Hispine beetles. II. [93] 1932: 293- 322, ill. Nicolay & Weiss — Synopsis of the Cicindelidae. [6] 40: 341-355. Park, O.— The food of Batrisodes globo- sus (Pselaphidae). [6] 40: 377-378. Rockenbach, E. - study of variation in the markings of Chauliognathus penn- sylvanicus and Chauliognathus marginatus. [Pro. Iowa Acad. Sci.] 37: 393-396, ill. *Schaeffer, C.— Notes on some Galerucinae with descriptions of new species (Chrysomeli- dae). [4] 64: 236-239. *Schaeffer, C.-- Notes on some Halticinae with descriptions of new species (Chrysomeli- dae). [19] 27: 239-245. Sim, R. J.— Five Sericine beetles. [6] 40: 379-382, ill. HYMENOPTERA— *Aguayo, C. G. — Notes on West Indian ants. [19] 27: 215-227. *Alfken, J. D.— Die chilen- ischen arten der gattung Caenohalictus. [52] N. F. 1 : 654- 659. Cole, A. C. — Observations on semi-dessert ants. [43] 32: 533-538, ill. Fisher, K. — Agriotypus armatus and its relations with its hosts. [93] 1832: 451-461, ill. Muese- beck, C. F. W. — The genus Mesocoelus (Braconidae). [95] 45: 227-230, ill. Nielsen, E. T.--Sur les habitudes des Hymenopteres aculeates solitaires. (Bethylidae, Scoliidae, Cleptidae, Psammocharidae). [102] 18: 1-57, ill. Richards, O. W. — Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus. [Tromso Mus. Arshefter] 50, No. 6: 32pp., ill. *Stitz, H. — Formicidae [of the Wollebaek Galapagos Ex- pedition]. [Nyt Mag. f. Naturv., Oslo] 71: 367-372, ill. Wheeler, W. M. — How the primitive ants of Australia start their colonies. [68] 76: 532-533. Doings of Societies The ninth annual Rocky Mountain Conference of Entomol- ogists was held in Pingree Park, Colorado, August 15 to 20, 1932, inclusive. A total of 88, which is the largest number to have attended any of the Conferences, registered during the week. Forty-six of these were directly interested in entomol- ogy; the others being friends or members of families. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27 A total of 10 sessions were held for the presentation of papers : The following is a list of the more formal subjects discussed : Arachnida. — Life History of the Hour Glass Spider, P. B. Lawson. Coleoptera. — White Grubs, C. L. Fluke ; White Grubs in Iowa, Bernard Travis. Homoptera. — Cercopidae, Katherine C. Doering; Taxonomic Aspects of Aphids on Ribes, Miriam A. Palmer; The Potato Psyllid, L. B. Daniels. Lepidoptera. — Codling Moth Control in Missouri, Leonard Haseman ; Stretchia plusiiformis Hy. Edwards, a Pest on Gooseberries, J. L. Hoerner; The Cabbage Looper on Lettuce, S. C. McCampbell ; Mincola scitulla Hulst., an Enemy of Stone Fruit in Idaho, Claude Wakeland. Orthoptera. — Grasshopper Bait Tests in Colorado, F. T. Cowan. Diptera. — Notes on the Stratiomyiidae in Colorado, Maurice T. James. Hymenoptera. — Paper Wasps of Utah, C. L. Hayward ; The Romance of the Honeybee, F. B. Paddock. General. — Pasture Insect Investigations, Donald A. Wilbur; University Life in England and Civic Life on the Continent, Illustrated, J. E. Ackert; Remarks on Insecticide Research, C. H. Richardson ; Entomological Supplies, Alexander B. Klots ; sub-Specific Nomenclature of Insects, Alexander B. Klots ; The Role of Insects in the Food of Trout in the Rocky Mountain Region, John W. Scott ; The Preparation of Granu- lated Honey for the Market, R. G. Richmond; Faunal Survey of Colorado, F. Martin Brown. Symposium. — Entomological Collections of the Rocky Moun- tain Region. Leaders, Vasco M. Tanner, F. Martin Brown and C. L. Fluke. The symposium on entomological collection for the Rocky Mountain region led to the appointment of a committee con- sisting of F. Martin Brown, Vasco M. Tanner and Geo. M. List, Chairman, to encourage the various workers that collect 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '33 in the Rocky Mountain region to return to museums in that area, representative material whenever this is possible. It was felt there is a very urgent need for this cooperation between workers of the various sections in order to build up more representative collections in the west that will be available for students of the region. More than the usual number of systematists were present at the meeting, which resulted in a large number of specimens being taken. The following is a list of entomologists attending the meeting: F. B. Paddock, Bernard Travis, C. H. Richard- son, Ames, Iowa ; Geo. A. Dean, J. E. Ackert, Donald A. Wil- bur, C. R. Collins, Manhattan, Kansas; Katherine C. Doering, Paul B. Lawson, Lawrence, Kansas; Claude Wakeland, Mos- cow, Idaho ; Leonard Haseman, Columbia, Mo. ; Alexander B. Klots, Elsie B. Klots, Rochester, N. Y. ; Otis Wade, Eugene F. Powell, L. M. Gates, Lincoln, Nebraska; A. W. Lindquist, Uvalde, Texas ; C. L. Fluke, Madison, Wisconsin ; C. L. Hay- ward, Vasco M. Tanner, Provo, Utah; Lee Jeppson, Brigham City, Utah; John W. Scott, Laramie, Wyoming; L. G. Davis, Grand Junction, Colo. ; J. H. Newton, Chas. M. Drage, Paonia, Colo. ; Harold E. Rice, E. R. Bliss, Greeley, Colo. ; F. Martin Brown, Colorado Springs, Colo. ; Orville Hitchcock, Montrose, Colo. ; Maurice T. James, Boulder, Colo. ; M. A. Palmer, L. B. Daniels, John Weaver, S. C. McCampbell, C. A. Bjurman, R. G. Richmond, G. M. List, Lee Jenkins, Leonard Sweetman, C. P. Gillette, F. T. Cowan, J. L. Hoerner, Jack Manweiler, S. Arthur Johnson, C. R. Jones, Fort Collins, Colo. Officers elected for 1933 were C. P. Gillette, Chairman ; Geo. A. Dean, Vice-chairman ; Geo. M. List, Secretary, and C. R. Jones, Treasurer. GEORGE M. LIST, Secretary. OBITUARY DR. WILLIAM JACOB HOLLAND, director emeritus of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, author of the well-known and widely used Butterfly Book and Moth Book, died on December 13, 1932, at the age of eighty-four years. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed- ing three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring Coleoptera and Lepidoptera of southwest Arkansas. — Miss Louise Knobel, E. 3rd St., Hope, Arkansas. Wanted— October, 1919, and December, 1919, copies of Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Cash. Harriet A. Wick- wire, 55 Tompkins St., Cortland, N. Y. Wanted for Cash or Exchange — Uncommon species of North American Lepidoptera. Several of each kind. D. V. Brown, Pleas- anton, California. ^ Butterflies — Desire correspondence from Western United States, Canada and Alaska. Will exchange rare California material for specimens from your locality. Lloyd M. Martin, P. O. Box 52, Roscoe, California. Exchange — Local Venezuelan (South America) species of lepidop- tera offered in exchange for North American species. Oscar Zuloaga, P. O. Box 263, Caracas, Venezuela. Exchange. — Desire Lepidoptera, particularly specimens and data of Wisconsin and U. S. Catocala. Exchange for same. Wm. E. Sicker. 46 Breeze Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin. Will buy or exchange — Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Wanted- Names and addresses of those desiring Insects from Tennessee. Will collect there during June-September, in all orders. Correspondence solicited. B. Benesh, 107 Argonne Drive, North Chicago, 111. Wanted — West Coast Geometrids for cash or in exchange for Cf'^ornia Butterflies. Edward Guedet. P. O. Box 305, Napa, Calif. Wanted — Western species of Bumblebees, all three castes; also Psithyrus and Catocala. A. P. Morse, Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass. Will Buy Agromyzidae from North, South, Central America and the West Indies. Special prices for reared material with host records and pressed specimens of mines. S. W. Frost, Arendtsville, Penn- sylvania. WANTED- ITvpenids and other quadrifid Noctuids from all parts of >'orth \merica hv exchange or purchase. A. Glenn Rich- ards, Jr., Dept. Biology, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. LEPIDOPTERA AMAZONICA (BRAZIL). I offer, from mv latest trip (1929-1932) to the Amazon Reeion, first quality. all different, with Morpho, Papilio, Caligo, Heliconini, Nymphalidae and other fine specimens. 50 specimens $3.00 (with Agrias sardanapalus c? $5 00 K 100 specimens $5.00 (with Agrias sardanapalus o" $7.00) . Please write and send money order to F. WUCHERPFENNIG, Dingelstadt (EichsfelcH, Germany. NOW READY Our New and Complete Catalogue of Entomological Supplies and Equipment. Listing the largest and most practical and complete stock of Entomological Supplies and Equipment available in the world. Many new articles of collecting and museum equipment, designed by the foremost entomologists in the country, are now available for the first time. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects by ALEXANDER B. KLOTS, Ph. D. One copy of the above will be distributed gratis to everybody on our mailing list; additional copies may be obtained at 15 cents each, postpaid. Indo-Australian Coleoptera A large collection of very beautiful and desirable species, many of them never before offered for sale by any entomological dealer, is now available. All specimens have full and accurate data, and have been named by one of the foremost Coleopterists of Australia. Write for price-list. Specimens of Economic Insects for Pest Collections Several hundred species are now available ; more are being sent in daily. Ward's is the only source of supply in North America for such material, for : Economic Entomologists, Colleges of Agriculture, Experiment Stations, Etc. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc., P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station ROCHESTER, N. Y., U. S. A. The Frank A. Ward Foundation of Natural Science of the University of Rochester XA/ANTP Pi Sphingidae, Saturnidae, Hemileucidae, Ceratocampi- VV/\li 1 C LJ dae. Perfect specimens of desirable species of the above from any Part °* North or South America. Desire specimens from the Southern, Middle-Western, South Western and Pacific Coast States. Single specimens of rare or unusual species, varieties and abnormal examples are particularly wanted. Collectors in any locality having anything to offer, write JOHN M. GEDOES, 331 High Street, Williauisport, Pennsylvania, U. S. A. BUTTERFLY WHEN YOU SELL YOUR COLLEC- TRANSITION FORMS TIONS, SELL THESE KINDS OF AND "FREAKS" SPECIMENS SEPARATELY. WANTED THEY BRING MORE. JEANE D. GUNDER, 310 LINDA VISTA AVENUE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA native Florida Butterflies and Moths spread for Rjker Mounts or in papers. Also make up Riker Mounts to order. Chrysalids and Larvae. MRS. LESLEY E. FORSYTH, Florida City, Florida. Morphos from French Guiana, etc., 10 species 20 specimens, including Hecuba, Rhetenor, Cypris, etc., $6.00. Fine bred Urauia riphaeus, large $2.00 dozen, small $1.50 dozen. Very fine Indian butterflies in papers, many Papilios, Charaxes, Delias, etc., $500 per 100. British Diurnals, 100, 50 species, named $3.00. British Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, 250,000 specimens, named, cheap lots: 500 species 3 cents each, 1000 species 5 cents each. Lists from A. FORD, Entomologist, 42, Irving Road, Bournemouth, England. FOR SALE. Collection of assorted butterflies. Collected in Germany, Austria and Italy. First-class condition 30 x 30 inch. For particulars write to JOSEPH MUHR, CONVALESCENT HOME, Rockaway Park, Long Island. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BT THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. COLEOPTERA 862. — Blaisdell (F. E.)- — Studies in the Melyridae Number Four. (Trans., 50, 313-318, 1925) , 20 961.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Melyridae Number Ten. (Trans., 57, 325-331, 1 pi., 1932) 20 963. — Blaisdell (F. E.). — Studies in the Tenebrionid tribe Scau- rini: a monogr'aphic revision of the Eulabes. (Trans., 58, 35-101, 6 pis., 1932) 1.50 DIPTERA. 960. — Leonard (M. D.). — Some notes on my Revision of the Rhagionidae. (Trans., 57, 321-323, 1931) 20 962. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.). — Studies in the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper 4. (Trans., 58, 1-34, 1932) 65 965. — Painter (R. H.). — A monographic study of the genus Geron Meigen as it occurs in the United States (Bom- byliidae). (Trans., 58, 139-167, 2 pis., 1932) 60 ORTHOPTERA. 964. — Rehn, (J. A. G.). — New or little known Neotropical Blattidae, No. 3. (Trans., 58, 103-137, 2 pis., 1932) 75 967. — Hebard (Morgan). — New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. (Trans., 58, 201-371, 5 pis., 1932) 3.50 LEPIDOPTERA 966. — Bell (E. L.). — Studies in the genus Phocides with descrip- tions of new species (Hesperiidae). (Trans., 58, 169- 199, 5 pis., 1932) ' 75 959. — Cadbury (J. W.) — A new form of Sphinx gordius (Sphing- idae. (Trans., 57, 319-320, 1 pi., 1931) 20 955. — Williams & Bell. — Hesperiidae of the Forbes Expedition to Dutch and British Guiana. Two New Hesperids from Ecuador. (Trans., 57, 249-290, ill., 1 col. pi., 1931) 1.25 958.— Williams (R. C.)— Cuban Hesperiidae. (Trans., 57, 305- 318, 1 c. pi., 1931) 75 Subscriptions for 1933 now Payable. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FEBRUARY, 1933 Vol. XLIV No. 2 r F£B ^ 1933 CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863-1932. CONTENTS Hall, Hull and Dove — New Method in Sand Fly Studies (Diptera: Chironomidae) 29 French — Observations on the Beetle Mordellistena nigricans (Coleop.: Mordellidae) 33 Bequaert — The Nesting Habits of Paranysson, an African Genus of Fossorial Wasps (Hymenoptera, Sphegoidea) 36 Laurent — Mantis Captures Humming Bird (Orthop.: Mantidae) ... 39 Montgomery — Notes on Some New Jersey Dragonrlies (Odonata) ... 40 BirdandRulon — Dragonflies from High Altitudes in Colorado (Odonata) 44 Editorial — Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings, December 27 to 31, 1932 46 Stear — Samia cecropia Moth falls prey to Jumping Spider, Phidippus tripunctatus (Lepid.: Saturniidae; Araneae: Salticidae) . ... 48 McClure — The Effectiveness of the Sting of Aenoplex carpocapsae Cush- man (Hymen.: Ichneumonidae) 48 Hinman — Dragonfiies predacious on Tabanus spp. (Dipt.: Tabanidae) 49 Frost — Disturbances in the domestic tranquility of Chalybion caeru- leum (Hymen.: Sphecidae) 51 Entomological Literature 52 Review — Ross's Praktikum der Gallenkunde (Cecidologie) 55 PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. Act of October 3, 1917. authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., R. G. Sthmieder.Ph.D., Associate Editors. Advisory Committee : Philip Laurent, J. A. G. Rehn, Chas. Liebeck, J. Chester Bradley, Ph.D., Frank Morton Jones, John C. Lutz, Max Kisliuk, Jr., Wm. W. Chapman. The subscription price per year of ten (10) numbers is as follows: United States and possessions, Central and South America . $3.00 Canada . .... 3.15 Foreign . 3.25 Single copies 35 cents. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. One issue, 1 in., $ 1.20, 2 in., $ 2.40, half page, $ 4.00, full page, $ 7.00 Ten issues 11.00, 20.00, 35.00, 60.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS. 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All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. The receipt of all papers will be acknowl- edged. Owing to the limited size of each number of the NEWS, articles longer than six printed pages will be published in two or more installments, unless the author be willing to pay for the cost of ^ sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an art :le to appear without division. Proof will be sent to authors. Twenty-five "extras" of an author's contribu- tion, without change in form and without covers, will be given free when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired this should be slated on the MS. Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will be published in the NEWS for the present,, except where authors furnish the necessary blocks (or pay in advance the cost of making blocks) and also pay for the cost of printing plates. Information as to the cost will be furnished in each case on application to the Editor. Blocks furnished or paid for by authors will, of course, be returned to authors, after publication, if desired. Stated Meetings of The American Entomological Society will be held at 7.30 o'clock P. M., on the fourth Thursday of each month, excepting June, July, August, November and December, and on the third Thursday of November and December. Communications on observations made in the course of your studies are solicited ; also exhibits of any specimens you consider of interest. The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents: five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater numbers of conies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. Printed covers for 50 copies, $4.00 or more, according to number of pages bound. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XLIV. Plate II. . ge lor\q Tog. |rttiC Jar. foar wao/ wire dj\p£\orage for jar to^. FIG. 1. A schematic drawing of an insect trap for a headlight of an automobile. FIG. 2. An insect collecting trap on the headlight of an automobile. Hall. Hull and Dove. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XLIV. FEBRUARY, 1933 No. 2 New Method in Sand Fly Studies (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ily D. G. HALL, J. B. HULL, and \Y. E. DOVE, Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. (Plate II.) The present paper describes some methods for ( 1 ) obtain- ing adult sand flies, (2) the preservation of the natural shape and color of such adults, and (3) the preparation of immature stages for microscope slides. These methods are satisfactory in our studies on sand flies, and it is thought that other entomologists may find them useful in their work. AN AUTOMOBILE-HEADLIGHT INSECT TRAP. An inexpensive, easily transported light trap used to collect insects at night is herein described. It is adapted for use on the headlight of one of the small popular makes of automobiles. In order to obtain information on the seasonal incidence of sand flies in different marsh areas it was necessary to devise a means of collecting these midges. It was learned that sand flies are attracted to artificial light, and that they can be trapped by the use of such light. Since the areas in which sand flies breed are often some distance from available electric lines, illumination was secured from the headlight of an automobile. by the use of such light. The trap described below is efficient in collecting sand flies and it is not cumbersome to handle. If one takes an automobile headlight rim and a jar top rim to a tinner, he can have the metal parts of the trap assembled. When this is accomplished, it is an easy matter for one to make a cone from a sheet of heavy celluloid. A cylinder 14 inches long is rolled from a sheet of 16 gau-c galvanized iron so that its diameter is the same as that of a headlight rim of an automobile. This cylinder is soldered to the headlight rim so that the end receiving the rim can lie fastened to the reflector of the automobile headlight. When in 29 FE3 7 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 use the trap replaces the rim and lens ordinarily used in the headlight. A second rim, 2 inches wide, is made so that the ends fasten together with a small holt. This is made large enough to serve as a band around the front end of the cylinder. To the edge and on the inside of this band the tinner solders a 1-inch strip of sheet iron which is punched with small holes at intervals of about 3 inches. It is soldered at an angle so that a celluloid cone can be anchored to it. (Figs. 1 and 2.) Another 2-inch rim is made so that it slides on the inside and about midway of the cylinder. It supports a jar top so that the latter may receive a pint size fruit jar. The jar top is anchored by soldering 4 wires on the outside and bending them so that the free ends can be soldered to the inside of the rim. (Figs. 1 and 2.f When the pint jar and the trap are placed in position, it is possible to slide this rim so as to provide ample clearance between the bottom of the jar and the bulb of the headlight. Also, this sliding feature permits one to vary the length of the cone of the trap. It is not difficult to make a cone for the trap. It is best to cut a pattern from a large piece of heavy paper and use this in cutting the sheet of celluloid. If one uses a 10-inch radius and draws a circle, he can mark off a distance on the circum- ference of this circle which will be of the same length as the circumference of the front end of the cylinder. This distance may be obtained by actual measurement or by multiplying the diameter of the cylinder by 3.1416. The ends of such a line are connected to the point in the center of the circle. As the pattern is drawn on the paper, allowance is made for overlap- ping of the ends of the celluloid so that the cone can be fastened together with turn-under rivets. Such rivets are used ordinarily as paper fasteners and are provided with a split point. They serve also in anchoring the cone to the front rim of the trap. When the trap is in operation, the companion headlight of the car is not allowed to burn. Sometimes it is also advisable to cut off or cover the tail light. Large insects may be kept from the trap by means of coarse screen wire. Effects of col- ored lights can be studied if gelatin niters of such colors are mounted between clear glass lenses and placed in position in the rear rim of the trap. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 A PRESERVATIVE FOR ADULT SAND FLIES. When specimens of Culicoidcs, Lcptoconops and other biting midges are killed and kept in a dry pill box, or placed immedi- ately on card points, they do not retain the normal shape. When they are preserved in alcohol, they do not retain the pollinosity and color pattern. The following- formula was found to satisfy our requirements in preserving these small Diptera : Alcohol, ethvl, 95 per cent 85 cc. Formalin, 10 per cent 15 cc. Glycerine 5 cc. Living or newly killed specimens are placed in the solution and are allowed to remain in it as long as one desires. This period should not be less than 24 hours. The solution serves as a preserving fluid or as a treatment for specimens prepara- tory to mounting them on tips. When pinned specimens are desired, it is necessary to dehydrate them slowly and com- pletely. They are placed successively in 85 per cent, 95 per cent, and absolute ethyl alcohols, and xylol, allowing a full ten-minute period in each change. Instead of transferring the specimens with forceps or a camel's-hair brush, we find it satis- factory to use a small tip pipette in draining off the solutions. In this way the changes of solutions are made in one vial. During the process of clearing in xylol the specimens are given a normal position on folded strips of filter paper, so that the wings are in contact with the paper. The specimens and paper are gently removed from the solution and allowed to dry. The specimens are then mounted on tips in the usual manner. HETHERINGTON'S SOLUTION. For detailed studies of chitinous structures in entomological work, cleared specimens are usually necessary. A solution re- ported by Hetherington l for nematodes was found effective in fixing, clearing, and dehydrating dipterous larvae and non-pig- mented insects. The solution consists of : Absolute alcohol 20 cc. Chloroform 15 cc. Acetic Acid (Glacial) 5 cc. Phenol Crystals 10 cc. 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 Since this is a fixing as well as a clearing agent, it is not necessary to kill or fix specimens in any other way. The freshly collected or living specimens are simply dropped into the solu- tion. Mature muscoid larvae fix and clear satisfactorily in freshly prepared solutions in about 24 hours, while newly hatched larvae will clear in about one-half that time. When specimens appear clear enough they are transferred to a mixture consisting of equal parts of this solution and oil of winter- green. After about 15 minutes they are transferred to pure oil of wintergreen. When the specimens are sufficiently infiltrated, which usually requires over-night treatment, they are mounted in neutral balsam containing a few drops of oil of wintergreen. Internal chitinous structures such as the buccopharyngeal ap- paratus of dipterous larvae or the internal genitalia of non- pigmented insects clear nicely in this solution. Owing to in- stant fixation, the specimens usually die in normal positions. Since fixing, clearing, and dehydration are accomplished in one solution, much time is saved. The solution has some disadvantages. Fifteen days after it is prepared it loses its clearing power. It is, therefore, neces- sary to make up small quantities, and use only fresh material. Since it does not remove color it is not usable on pigmented chitin. The use of oil of wintergreen causes the specimen to assume a slightly yellowish tinge. This color is not objection- able in the study of the material. The specimens are com- parable to those mounted in balsam for a few years. SUMMARY. 1. A trap for collecting insects is described for use on the headlight of an automobile. 2. A preserving fluid is reported which gives natural shape and color in specimens of sand flies. 3. Hetherington's solution for nematodes is reported as use- ful in fixing and clearing dipterous larvae and non-pigmented insects for microscope slides. . Parasit. 9: No. 1, Sept., 1922. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33 Observations on the Beetle Mordellistena nigricans (Coleop. : Mordellidae). By ANNA MAY FRENCH. This paper is a record of observations made on the stem- boring beetle, Mordellistena nitjricans Melsheimer. This beetle is an inhabitant of the pith cavity of Dcsuiodiuin dillcnii, which grows on dry exposures on the wooded hills about Ithaca, New York. The stems are erect and woody, growing to a heighth of about three feet, and tapering from base to tip. However, the pith cavity remains practically the same size throughout. This cavity is just the rignt size to com- fortably accommodate the full grown larvae. The pith is soft, moist, and decidedly spongy. The larvae were found in the fall of 1929. At that time of year Dcsmodium stalks of two sorts are present : those that were produced the preceding summer and those of a year's standing. The larvae were not found in any case in the old stems. In the shoots of the season, the percentage of infesta- tion is very high, two-thirds of the stems containing the larvae. Only one beetle larva was found in any of the stems examined. OTHER INHABITANTS OF THE STEMS. On the Desmodium stems were found galls made by the larvae of a Lasioptcra. The galls were compound, the num- ber of larvae found in any one gall varying from two or three to eight. The adults of these Diptera first emerged two weeks preceding the adult beetles. Mating was observed soon after the emergence of the adults. The adults lived but a short time. Mordellid beetles have been said to feed upon various dipterous larvae inhabiting stems or old wood. However it does not seem likely that these larvae are fed upon by the beetle, since the galls do not connect with the pith cavity, nor were the beetle larvae found in their vicinity. A parasitic hymenopteron was found in the stems in two instances. The adults of these emerged at the same time that the adult beetles emerged from the other stems. THE LARVA. The larvae found in the fall varied slightly in size, being from five to six millimeters long. There was no increase in 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 size noted during the winter. The body is cylindrical in form ; when in the stem, the posterior part of the abdomen is slightly arched. It is of a light cream color with the exception of the dark brown mandibles. The whole body is very lightly chitin- ized — the chitin being somewhat heavier at the ends. The caudal portions of the abdomen and the head and thorax are quite hairy. The skin of the larvae was so thin that care had to be taken to keep from puncturing it. A moistened camel's hair brush was used for transferring specimens. The larvae have no eyes and only small vestiges of antennae. The three- jointed thoracic legs are short and fleshy, and there are no tarsal claws. There are no ventral prolegs on the abdo- men. However on the first six segments on the dorsal side are six proleg-like tubercles, a specialization which admirably fits the larvae for their stem dwelling habits and forms the most distinctive external . character. On the caudal end of the abdomen is an anal sucker which also aids in locomotion. LARVAL HABITS. The pith cavity of the desmodium is just the right size to comfortably accommodate the larva but there is no chance for it to turn around. The larvae face toward the top of the stem in all cases. Their position in the stem however, varies. When the stems were brought in the larvae were found uniformly near the base of the stem. Towards spring they were found closer and closer to the top. In the stem the larvae move rapidly and backwards and forwards with equal facility. This can readily be observed in a partly opened stem. In order to observe this process more clearly, a larva was placed in a glass tube having about the same bore as the pith cavity of the desmodium. The movement could then be observed in detail. While the body is held in place by the legs, it contracts, mov- ing the anal disk forward. The anal disk is attached, the legs release their hold, the body lengthens and the prolegs distend in a wave which proceeds from the last one to the first. Thus the body is very firmly anchored while being pushed forward. Frass is sometimes found gathered together in some cranny in the pith, and sometimes it is, scattered. In either case it is not abundant. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 THE PUPA. The pupa when first found was of a creamy white color, except for the black eyes. By the following day, however, the tibia and tarsi of all the legs, the antennae, the genitalia, the mouthparts, and the wing-pads were dark brown or black. The remainder was tan rather than cream colored. By the third day the whole pupa was dark. The head was bent under the prothorax. It was covered with numerous fine hairs, appearing almost fuzzy when seen with a lens. The eyes were large and very black and shiny. The serrate, eleven segmented antennae lay along the wing pads, close to the prothorax. The wing pads were dark brown, covered with fine hairs and showed the longitudinal tracheae quite plainly. On the dorsal side of each of the first four of the seven visible abdominal segments was a pair of flattened appendages, each bearing a row of recurved spines on its outer edge. Doubtless these serve the purpose of anchoring the pupal skin when the adult emerges. They correspond in position to the dorsal "prolegs" of the larva. A glass tube having the diameter of the larval burrow was used in observing the transformation of the pupae to the adults. The beetles could be clearly seen and at the same time excess handling was avoided. The pupa has no means of locomotion, but it twitches from side to side, moving the tarsi and mouthparts inside of the pupal skin. The life history was observed only from the time of the find- ing of the larvae in November to the emergence of the adults in late April and early May. When found the larvae were apparently full grown. The entire winter is spent in the larval state. Attempts to force the development by keeping the larvae at room temperature failed. Only those which were left out of doors all winter developed. Sterns were opened at regular intervals in order to determine the time of pupation. The first pupa was found on April twenty-third, and the last one on May eighth. The adult emerges in from three to four days. The first one appeared on April twenty-sixth. 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 The Nesting Habits of Paranysson, an African Genus of Fossorial Wasps (Hymenoptera, Sphegoidea). By J. BEQUAERT, Department of Tropical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. Some twenty years ago, in February, 1912, I spent a week at Kasenga, in the Katanga District of the southeastern Belgian Congo (in lat. 10° 15' S. and long. 28° 45' E.), waiting for an opportunity to continue my journey. One day I noticed a flourishing colony of Paranysson melanopyrus (Smith) x busily at work in the open central yard of the station. At that time, the habits of Paranysson were unknown and I am not aware that they have been studied to any extent since. G. Arnold (1923, Ann. Transvaal Mus., X, 1, p. 13) writes of this genus, apparently from personal observation : "These insects dig short and oblique tunnels in sandy soil. I have never found them with prey, the nature of which is still unknown. P. quddriden- tatus Cam. has a most powerful odor of bugs." In the colony which I observed, each nest consisted of a nearly straight, vertical shaft, 6 to 8 mm. wide, sunk in the bare sand to a depth of about 75 cm. (2l/2 ft.). The lower end of the shaft branched into a few short, more or less horizontal galleries or cells, placed at about the same level in various direc- tions. Each cell measured 10 to 12 mm. in length and 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. The entrance to the burrow was hidden by the loose sand thrown out from the shaft and forming an elliptical mound, about 12 cm. long, 9 cm. wide and 3 cm. high. Through the larger axis of this mound ran a curved tunnel, slightly wider than the shaft into which it led, while it opened on the narrow side of the mound. The sand was more closely packed together and apparently cemented, either by moisture or by saliva, about the tunnel. Often a female wasp was seen resting in the tunnel, with her face in the doorway. One of the nests dug up comprised three cells, one of which was open and empty, while the other two were closed and con- tained each a nearly full-grown wasp larva, dirty white in color with a slight bluish tinge. In other nests I found cells with Identified by Dr. G. Arnold, of the Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 prey and young- wasp larvae. In all cases the prey consisted of larvae at different instars of a pentatomid bug. Natal icola pal- lid us Westwood.2 As a rule, six or seven of these hugs were stored in each cell; they were not dead, but merely paralyzed, as shown by the slight movements of antennae and legs. F. F. Kohl and Ant. Handlirsch regarded Paranysson as at most subgenerically distinct from Nysson. But R. E. Turner, in 1914 (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) XIV. pp. 337-359), showed that these two groups have little in common. Turner united Paranvsson, Scricophonts, Zoyphium and Sphodrotcs into a subfamily Paranyssoninae. He pointed out that Paranysson differs from Nysson, among other points, in the single tibial spur of the middle tibiae and the deep excision of the outer (or lower) margin of the mandibles. Turner's conclusions are fully supported by my observation of the habits, which shows that Paranysson is a true predacious wasp, digging its own nest and bringing in its own prey for the offspring. Nysson, on the other hand, is from all accounts an inquiline or cleptobiont in the nests of other fossorial wasps of the subfamily Gorytinae. G. Arnold ( 1929, Ann. Transvaal Mus., XIII, 4, p. 218) writes of Nysson that "by some authors they have been regarded as parasitic in their habits, but there is no evidence to support such a view." 1 believe, however, that the following observations, on two European and two North American species, leave little doubt as to the inquiline habits of the true Nyssoninae, which were suspected many years ago by Shuckard, Taschenberg and others. C. Ferton (1901, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, LXX, pp. 107-108; 1923, La Vie des Abeilles et des Guepes, pp. 152-153 3) saw the female of Nvsson diinidiatits Jurine, at Bonifacio, Corsica, opening the burrows, dug in the soil, of Gorytcs (Ar pact us) clcyans (Lepeletier). The Nysson would enter the burrow and, if she found the Gorvlcs cell incompletely provisioned and with- out the egg, would leave the nest at once, closing up the en- - Identified by Dr. H. Schouteden, Director of the Congo Museum at Tervueren, Belgium. 3 Fig. 27 of this posthumous volume of collected papers, edited by E. Rabaud and F. Picard, does not represent a Xysson. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 trance; she would then remain in the neighborhood, watch for the Gorytes, and reenter the burrow some time later. Ferton, however, was unable to find either the egg or the larva of Nysson. G. Adlerz (1910, K. Svensk. Vet Ak. Handl., XLV, No. 12, pp. 33-38) was more successful with Nysson inaculatus (Fabricius), in Sweden. He not only observed this wasp en- tering the burrows of Gorytes (Arpactus) tumid us (Panzer), but in four different cells, belonging to three nests which he dug up after seeing Nysson entering them, he found the Nys- son egg concealed under the folded wings of one of the leaf- hoppers that had been stored by the Gorytes female. In a fourth nest he discovered a small Nysson larva in the same position.4 G. P. Earth (1907, Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc., V, 3, pp. 145 and 147), in Wisconsin, observed on two occasions a female Nysson fidelis Cresson entering the burrow of Gorytes canaliculatus Packard by quickly scratching it open, then re- maining for a short while, and closing the entrance again after coming out. Upon excavating these two nests, the Nysson egg was not found in one case ; but in one of the cells of the other nest, in addition to the Gorytes egg placed upon one of the leaf- hoppers stored as prey, another egg was found unattached on the floor of the cell. This egg was similar in shape to that of the Gorytes egg, but smaller and less shiny. E. G. Reinhard's recent observations on Nysson (Brachystegus} hoplisivora Rohwer, in Maryland, are even more illuminating (1925, Jl. Washington, D. C, Ac. Sci., XV, pp. 172-177; 1929, The Witchery of Wasps, pp. 262-271). The female of this wasp enters the burrows of Gorytes (Hoplisus) costal is Cresson, breaking through the barricade of loose sand at the entrance, tarries a few seconds within the nest, and upon emerging, care- fully rearranges the sand over the doorway. Upon opening nests visited by the Nysson, a cell was found on several oc- 4 In their account of the habits of Nysson, A. H. Hamm and O. W. Richards (1930, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 103-104) mention a num- ber of species found associated in various ways with species of Gor\tcs (s. lat.). Most of the relations they list (apart from the observations by Ferton, Adlerz and Reinhard) seem to be based on mere circumstantial evidence. These authors appear to have overlooked Earth's paper. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 casions containing both the Gorytcs egg and the Nysson egg attached to the prey brought in by the Gorytcs female, in every case the Nysson egg was skillfully concealed under the folded wings of the tree-hopper serving as prey to the Gorytcs. The egg of the Nysson is laid before that of Gorytcs and, as it hatches first, the young Nysson larva feeds for a short time on the prey and then explores the cell for the egg of its host, which it devours. The N \sson larva may now feed without danger of molestation upon the store of provisions accumulated by the Gorytcs female. G. Arnold (1923, Loc. cit.) gives the distribution of Paranys- son Guerin (including Hclioryctes Smith and Mesopalarus Brauns ; Pscudohclioryctcs Ashmead also is a synonym) as "African, Indian and N. American regions." The few Indian species, such as P. assiinilis (Bingham), do not appear to be generically separable from the African forms. The Nearctic species, however, which Cresson, Ashmead and others referred to Paranysson, are not in any way related to that genus ; but, as recognized by R. E. Turner (1914, Loc. cit., p. 339) and by S. A. Rohwer (1921, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LIX, pp. 404- 405), they are typical Nyssoninae. Rohwer considers that they form a subgenus of Nysson, which he calls Zanysson Rohwer. Paranysson, as well as the remaining Paranyssoninae, are there- fore confined to the Old World. Mantis Captures Hummingbird (Orthop.: Mantidae). On September 28, while working in my garden, I heard my neighbor give a yell ; on asking her what was the matter, she said "a big, green bug about a foot long, with long arms with teeth on them, had caught a hummingbird, and with this stick 1 knocked the bug down." We searched all along the honey- suckle covered fence but could not find the "bug," but we did find the hummingbird ; which was alive, and in a few minutes flew away seeming none the worse for its experience. There is no doubt but that the insect was the Japanese mantis (Para- tcnodera sincnsis Sauss.), which is quite common around Phila- delphia. It would have been interesting to know how the com- bat would have ended had the combatants been allowed to fin- ish the struggle. Knowing the strength and hold the female mantis has in those front legs, I believe the mantis would have won out. PHILIP LAURENT, Philadelphia. 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 Notes on some New Jersey Dragonflies (Odonata). By B. ELWOOD MONTGOMERY, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. While at Moorestown, New Jersey, during the summer of 1930, Esther Barrett Montgomery and I used much of our spare time to study and collect dragonflies. Eleven hundred and eighty-six specimens, representing 46 species were secured. Many of these species are common and already well known from the localities where we captured them, but a few are con- sidered rare insects and some were taken in new localities; one species has not been reported previously from New Jersey. I am indebted for a few specimens and for information con- cerning collecting grounds to several members of the staff at the Japanese Beetle Laboratory, especially to Dr. Henry Fox who took me to several localities in South Jersey where we made many interesting captures. Mr. E. B. Williamson has checked the determination of a few species. 3.* PROGOMPHUS OBSCURUS Rambur. Along a stream in the pine barrens, near Browns Mills, June 15, 4 <$ . These speci- mens which measure 46, 47, 47, and 49 mm., in length, are considerably smaller than other specimens of this species which I have seen. 83. ANAX LONGIPES Hagen. Lily Lake, a small body of fresh water near the ocean. Cape May, August 10, 1 $ . 97. AESHNA UMBROSA Walker. Moorestown, August 28, 1$. 148. SOMATOCHLORA TENEBROSA Say. A female was found alive inside an insectary at the Japanese Beetle Laboratory, August 7. 168. DOROCORDULIA LEPiDA Hagen. Taunton Lakes, July 27, 1 $. 171. NANNOTHEMIS BELLA Uhler. Browns Mills, June 15, 3 $ 1 $ . Found only in a small bog, not more than ten feet in diameter, at the margin of a stream. 175. CELITHEMIS MONOMELAENA Williamson. Clayton, July 20, 1$. * The numbers are those of the Handbook of the Dragonflies of North America by Needham and Heywood. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41 177. CELTTHEMIS MARTHA \Yilliamson. Clayton, July 20, 1 9 . Captured in a small area partly grown up with low vege- tation and partly mud shore, between a lake and an open wood- land, with the preceding species. Dragonflies, other than Pcri- t/icjnis ten-era Say, were not common here, but one each of Lihclhda inccsta Hagen, Pacliydipla.r loin/ipcnnis Burmeister, and Jschnura posita Hagen were taken and two species of Tramca were seen. 219. SYMPETRUM SEMICINCTUM Say. Rancocas Park, July 29, 1 9 . Frequent visits were made to this locality thruout the summer. The collecting grounds consisted of the weedy margin of a lake formed by a dam in Rancocas Creek bordered by wooded hills and the highlands nearby where only sparse vegetation and a few pines grew. During the day the lake margin was usually a lively dragonfly community, including such species as P. tcncra. Libclliila luctiiosa Burmeister. L. rvanca Fabricius, L. pulchclla Drury, L. inccsta, P. longipennis, and Erythcmis simplicicollis Say, but in the late afternoon when the hills cast shadows across the lake, these conspicuous species disappeared. At this time of day the highlands, where few, if any, dragonflies were found earlier, became the haunt of P. tcncra, L. luctiiosa, and L. pnlchclla and occasionally Plathemis l\dia Drury. Svmpctntin riciniun Hagen or Tramea. In the vegetation near the lake were found Agrion niacnlatnm Beau- vois, Lcstcs inacqualis Walsh, L. rectangutaris Say, L. i'i(/ila.\- Hagen, EinaUagina gcminatinn Kellicott. E. sif/natitm Hagen, E. z'espcruin Calvert, /. posita, and I. z'erticalis Say. These seemed to become more active as the shadows fell across the lake and the larger species left them in peace. 298. NEHALENNIA GRACII.IS Morse. Fisher's Dam, August 6, 1 9 ; Taunton Lakes, July 30. 3 $ 1 9 . August 7. 5 $ 2 9 . 2()9. XKIIALKXXIA INTEC.RICOLLIS Calvert. Fisher's Dam, August 1, 1 9 ; Taunton Lakes. July 30. 3 $ 1 9 . 300. XEIIALKXMA [RENE Hagen. Fisher's Dam. August 1. 1 9 ; Taunton Lakes, July 30, 2 $ . This and the two preced- ing species were taken at each locality only in bog areas; at Taunton Lakes this bog area was in deep shade and the odor of bog gas was very noticeable. The number of each species 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 captured may be taken as an index of the relative abundance of the species in these localities. Since my earlier collecting experience in the lake region of northern Indiana, when the veteran Odonatologist Williamson taught me that Nehalennias are rarities, I have made special effort to hunt out the prob- able Nchalciinia habitats in each locality and to collect until no more specimens can be found. 306. ENALLAGMA DIVAGANS Selys. Browns Mills, June 15, 1 $ . Associated with Argia violacca Hagen, I. posit a and 7. verticalis on a small stream in the pine barrens. 322. ENALLAGMA VESPERUM Calvert. This species was taken frequently at Taunton Lakes, Medford Lakes, Rancocas Park and Fisher's Dam from July 18 to August 25. Many of our collecting trips into the pine barrens were made in the late afternoon — after the official hours for work — and extended until dusk, thus including the time when this species is on the wing. 328. ENALLAGMA WEEWA Byers. Fisher's Dam, August 1, 1 $ , August 6, 80 $ , August 18, 7 $ 1 9 . We made frequent visits to three localities in the pine barrens, Medford Lakes, Taunton Lakes and Fisher's Dam, but the last named was the most interesting and profitable of the three. Each of the three is a series of lakes formed, I was told, by dams impounding the water in former bog lands or swamps. Medford Lakes, and Taunton Lakes to a much less degree, are surrounded by cottages and summer homes until little undisturbed shore line remains. At Medford Lakes only four species, P. longipennis, E. vcspcntin, E. pictum Morse and 7. verticalis, were taken; at Taunton Lakes these four and fourteen others were col- lected, but all that were taken in numbers, except E. pictum of which 24 specimens were secured here, are common and widely distributed. Fisher's Dam included a variety of habitats, including lakes of deep, open water, shallow areas with vary- ing densities of vegetation, flowing canals and bogs and the region was almost undisturbed except for occasional visits by workmen who keep the dams and canals in repair. Specimens of ivccwa were taken only along a relatively open canal. They seemed to alight on the herbage along the stream xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 less frequently and to hover more closely to the water than is the habit of the closely allied species, E. e.vsulans Hagen, which is so familiar a species along Indiana streams. . \ltho quite numerous at the time of our visits the large number secured was the result of "specialized" and continued collecting. The specimen taken on August 1 was recognized as rather unusual in the field and as new to me when I had had an opportunity to study it more closely, and we returned on August 6 deter- mined to secure further specimens. These were secured by wading the canal and exchanging nets frequently in order to have one dry enough to swing swiftly as the low flight of the species made it necessary to skim the surface of the water on almost every stroke. At this time the canal bed was covered with a layer of soft mud, four to eight inches deep, and a con- siderable amount of vegetation was growing in it ; the water was eight to ten inches deep and the current was quite swift. However, before the time of our next visit, August 18, work- men had removed the vegetation and most of the soft mud from the canal bed. E. WCMI was much less abundant than on the earlier dates, but this decrease may have been due to the approach of the end of its season as all of the specimens taken, even on the earlier dates, were violet-gray pruinose from age. Other species collected along the canal on these dates were Boycria rinosa Say, August 6, 4 $ , teneral, Acjrion apicalc Bur- meister, August 1, 11 $ 99 . August 6, 185 10 9 , August 18, 4$ 7 9 , //. niaculatuin. August 1 and 6, 1 9 , each date, and A. vi&lacea, several on each of the three dates. Four other Enallagmas, geminatum Kellicott, vcspcnim, pictum, and civile Hagen were taken at Fisher's Dam but none of them was asso- ciated with ivcciva. This species has been known previously only from Florida. Georgia and South Carolina. Tt is strange that any insect as abundant as we found Tcrrem at this locality would escape notice in a region which has been studied so thoroly by entomol- ogists, unless its occurrence is local or sporadic, or unless it has not been recognized as separate from a more common and 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '33 widely distributed species. It may be that specimens of wccu'a from this region exist in collections under the name of c.vsulans. Since the above was written, Dr. Calvert has informed me that he has studied the specimens from Three States Point, Patcong Creek and Mullica Hill recorded in the Insects of Ncu' Jersey (Rept. N. J. State Museum for 1909, 1910) as Enallagma c.rsnlans, and has found those from Patcong Creek to be E. u'ecu'a, those from the other two localities to be true c.rsnlans. At the time of collection (1899) he had labeled the Patcong Creek specimens "E. exsulans old." Dragonflies from High Altitudes in Colorado (Odonata). By R. D. BIRD and G. OLIN RULON. University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla. The following report is based on collections of Odonata made by Mr. Rulon during July and August, 1931, at elevations of 9000 to 12000 feet in the vicinity of Gothic, Colorado. Gothic, now the seat of the Rocky Mountain Biological Station, sponsored by the University of Oklahoma, is a ghost mining town situated a short distance from Crested Butte. The first adult Odonata were noticed on July 21 at a small stagnant pool surrounded by sedge and grass. This pond is at an elevation of 9600 feet between Gothic and Avery Moun- tains, in the center of a small swamp about one mile and one- half northwest of the Station. It was filled with debris. Thick scum was on the surface of the water. Sphagnum was abun- dant. Soniatoclilora sciiiicircularis 1 $ , and Cocnagrion reso- Iiituni 4 $ , were taken. The second collection was made on July 25 at Meridian Lake about three miles northwest of Crested Butte and west over Gothic Mountain from the Laboratory. The lake is at an elevation of 9000 feet, is one and one-half miles long, about one hundred and fifty yards wide, has no outlet, and is fed by drainage from the surrounding hills. It is about fifty feet deep but contains much moss and debris about the edge. Grass, aspen and spruce come close to the shore. A few Acschna, probably palmata, were seen ; and Enallagina borcalc 9 $ 6 9 , and Enallagina clausum 1 $ 1 ? , were taken. xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 A series of seven old beaver dams two and one-half miles south of the Laboratory at 9100 feet were the scene of three collections. The land about the ponds was swampy and sup- ported a thick growth of Carcx with an occasional willow. Here Odonata were found in abundance. The following captures were made: July 28, Acselina f^alinaia 1 $ , Lcstcs disjunct us 4 $ , Eiiallagvia clausunt 1 5 2 $ ; July 30, Acsclina f^ahnata 3 £ 2 5 : August 8, Aesclina palniata 11 £ 1 $, Aesclina intcrntpta internet 1 $ , Syinpc'ritin I'icinitni 1 5 2 9 (ten- erals). One collection was made on July 29 at a small lake situated at a height of 12000 feet in Sylvanite Basin. This lake was shallow, had no outlet, several floating islands and was sur- rounded by a marshy margin supporting a growth of Carc.v. The pH of the water was 7.4. The following were collected : Aeschna paluiata 1 $ , Somatoclilora scinicircularis 16 $ 1 $ , Lcstcs disjitnctns 3 $ , Lcstcs iincatus 1 $ , Cocnagrion rcsolit- tinn 6 <£ 1 9 , Enallagma boreal c 4 $ . A collection was made on August 4 at Lost Lake. This is a small deep lake about three miles northwest of the laboratory with very steep banks (approximately 60°). Tt was fed by drainage from Bellevue and Baldy Mountains but had no out- let. There was much debris of logs and sticks close to the edge ; vegetation on the banks was Care.r, and grass ; elevation 11000 feet. Four male Aesclina palmata were taken. In addition to the collections of Mr. Rulon, the senior author, while following the trail up Copper Creek to Corundum Pass on August 3. 1930, took Somatoclilora scinicirciilaris and I'.nal- lagina- borcalc at 10300 and 11000 feet respectively. To summarize, the following nine species of Odonata were taken at Gothic, Colorado, from July 21 to August 4. 1931 : 1. Acschna falmata Hagen 9100 to 12000 feet 2. Acschna intcrrnpta interim Walker 9100 feet 3. Somatoclilora seinicircnhiris Selys 9600 to 12000 feet 4. Svinpctntin ricinuin Ffagen 9100 feet 5. Lestes disjunctus Selys 9100 to 12000 feet (\. Lcstcs uncut us Kirby ' 12000 feet 7. C(>cncs, various pouch galls pro- duced by gall mites on linden, willow and alder, the velvet masses or erineums caused by gall mites, the local thickenings or blisters produced by gall mites, and fungi, such as Puccinia, Ustilago and Rhytisina, are noticed and illustrated. There is a chapter on the hollow willow galls of Pontania, another limited to the deformation of entire leaves, some of which we would hardly class as galls, one is devoted to leaf mines, the next deals with marginal leaf rolls and leaf folds, the work of gall midges, aphids or mites, and then comes a consideration of galls on leaf stems and leaf veins. Terminal bud galls, spruce bud galls, shoot galls or twig galls, bark or cambium galls, deformations of the entire shoot or shoot system, root galls produced by various weevils, bacteria and eel worms, deforma- tions of the entire plant or the greater part of it by eel worms or plant bugs, flower galls and fruit galls caused' by insects, fungi or gall mites, are dealt with in a series of chapters. An account of the Cynipidae follows, those exhibiting no alterna- tion of generations, such as A \la.\- and the rose gall wasps, Rhodites, being treated separately from the species occurring upon oaks and maple, many of which exhibit that very inter- esting phenomenon known as alternation of generations'. This latter part is particularly interesting, since in several instances the galls of the two generations are illustrated. The value of this work is greatly increased by an extended bibliography, by a special food plant index classified by the type of the galls and a detailed index. The author has given us an exceedingly interesting discussion of the numerous forms producing galls upon plants in northern Europe. It is written largely from a botanical aspect, and yet gives the biological data so far as they have been recorded. The work will be of interest to American entomologists because although few of the species noticed actually occur in this coun- try, practically all of the gall makers are represented here by closely related species. The admirable series of illustrations add greatly to the value of this book. — E. P. FELT. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed- ing three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Xamcs and addresses of those desiring Coleoptera and Lepidoptera of southwest Arkansas. — Miss Louise Knobel, E. 3rd St., Hope, Arkansas. Wanted— October, 1919, and December, 1919, copies of Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Cash. Harriet A. Wick- wire, 55 Tompkins St., Cortland, N. Y. Wanted for Cash or Exchange — Uncommon species of North American Lepidoptera. Several of each kind. D. V. Brown, Pleas- anton, California. Butterflies — Desire correspondence from Western United States, Canada and Alaska. Will exchange rare California material for specimens from your locality. Lloyd M. Martin, P. O. Box 52, Roscoe, California. Exchange — Local Venezuelan (South America) species of lepidop- tera offered in exchange for North American species. Oscar Zuloaga, P. O. Box 263, Caracas, Venezuela. Exchange. — Desire Lepidoptera, particularly specimens and data of Wisconsin and U. S. Catocala. Exchange for same. Wm. E. Sicker. 46 Breeze Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin. Will buy or exchange — Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring Insects from Tennessee. Will collect there during June-September, in all orders. Correspondence solicited. B. Benesh, 107 Argonne Drive, North Chicago, 111. Wanted — West Coast Geometrids for cash or in exchange for California Butterflies. Edward Guedet. P. O. Box 305, Napa, Calif. Wanted — Western species of Bumblebees, all three castes; also Psithyrus and Catocala. A. P. Morse, Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass. Will Buy Agromyzidae from North, South, Central America and the West Indies. Special prices for reared material with host records and pressed specimens of mines. S. W. Frost, Arendtsville, Penn- sylvania. "Wanted — Hypcnicls and other f|iiadrifkl Noctuids from all parts of Vorth Anurica t>v exchange or purchase. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., Dcpt. Biology, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, '. Y. LEPIDOPTERA AMAZONICA (BRAZIL). I offer, from my latest trip ( 1929-1932) to the Amazon Region, first quality, all different, with Morpho, Papilio, Caligo, Heliconini, Nymphalidae and other fine specimens. 50 specimens $3.00 (with Agrias sardanapalus d" $5.00). 100 specimens $5.00 (with Agrias sardanapalus c?1 $7.00). Please write and send money order to F. WUCHERPFENNIG, Dingelstadt (Eichsfeld), Germany. NOW READY Our New and Complete Catalogue of Entomological Supplies and Equipment. Listing the largest and most practical and complete stock of Entomological Supplies and Equipment available in the world. Many new articles of collecting and museum equipment, designed by the foremost entomologists in the country, are now available for the first time. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects by ALEXANDER B. KLOTS, Ph. D. One copy of the above will be distributed gratis to everybody on our mailing list; additional copies may be obtained at 15 cents each, postpaid. Indo-Australian Coleoptera A large collection of very beautiful and desirable species, many of them never before offered for sale by any entomological dealer, is now available. All specimens have full and accurate data, and have been named by one of the foremost Coleopterists of Australia. Write for price-list. Specimens of Economic Insects for Pest Collections Several hundred species are now available ; more are being sent in daily. Ward's is the only source of supply in North America for such material, for : Economic Entomologists, Colleges of Agriculture, Experiment Stations, Etc. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc., P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station ROCHESTER, N. Y., U. S. A. The Frank A. Ward Foundation of Natural Science of the University of Rochester \A7 A NTP l~^ Sphingidae, Saturnidae, Hemileucidae, Ceratocampi- W /\1 i 1 C L/ dae. Perfect specimens of desirable species of the above from any part of North or South America. Desire specimens from the Southern, Middle-Western, South Western and Pacific Coast States. Single specimens of rare or unusual species, varieties and abnormal examples are particularly wanted. Collectors in any locality having anything to offer, write JOHN M. GEDDES, 331 Hijjrb Street, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, U. S. A. BUTTERFLY WHEN YOU SELL YOUR COLLEC- TRANSITION FORMS TIONS, SELL THESE KINDS OF AND "FREAKS" SPECIMENS SEPARATELY. WANTED THEY BRING MORE. JEANE D. GUNDER, 310 LINDA VISTA AVENUE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Morphos from French Guiana, etc., 10 species 20 specimens, including Hecuba, Rhetenor, Cypris, etc., $6.00. Fine bred Urania riphaeus, large $2.00 dozen, small $1.50 dozen. Very fine Indian butterflies in papers, many Papilios, Charaxes, Delias, etc., $500 per 100. British Diurnals, 100, 50 species, named $3 00. British Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, 250,000 specimens, named, cheap lots: 500 species 3 cents each, 1000 species 5 cents each Lists from A. FORD, Entomologist, 42, Irving Road, Bournemouth, England. North American Butterflies. New price list ready containing over 500 species and varieties. Send for copy. HAL NEWCOMB, So. Pasadena, Calif orria. FORMOSAN INSECTS FOR SALE. Thousands of insects of all orders, especially butterflies and beetles, from Formosa, Japan and the Loochoo Islands for sale. Large numbers of species available. Am planning to make another trip to Formosa this summer. Will collect desired groups. J. LINSLEY GRESSITT, General Delivery, Stanford University, California. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. COLEOPTERA 862. — Blaisdell (F. E.). — Studies in the Melyridae Number Four. (Trans., 50, 313-318, 1925) 20 961.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Melyridae Number Ten. (Trans., 57, 325-331, 1 pi., 1932) 20 963.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Tenebrionid tribe Scau- rini: a monographic revision of the Eulabes. (Trans., 58, 35-10l', 6 pls.,.,1932.); .,V. .;>,,.v 1.50 DIPTERA. 960. — Le.onard (M. D.). — Some no.tes on.myj Revision of the Rhagionidae. (Trans-., 57> 321-323, 1931) 20 962.— Cresson (E. T., Jr.). — Studies in .the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper 4. (Trans., 58, 1-34, 1932) 65 .',*\ ' • " 965. — Painter (R. H.).-4fA . monographic study of the genus Geron Meigen as it occurs in the United States (Bom- byliidae). (Trans., 58, 139-167, 2 pis., 1932) ... 60 ORTHOPTERA. 964. — Rehn, (J. A. G.). — New or little known Neotropical Blattidae, No. 3. (Trans., 58,^103-137, 2 pis., 1932) .75 967. — Hebard (Morgan). — New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. (Trans., 58, 201-371, 5 pis., 1932) 3.50 LEPIDOPTERA 966. — Bell (E. L.). — Studies in the genus Phocides with descrip- tions of new species (Hesperiidae). (Trans., 58, 169- 199, 5 pis., 1932) 75 959. — Cadbury (J. W.) — A new form of Sphinx gordius (Sphing- idae. (Trans., 57, 319-320, 1 pi., 1931) 20 955. — Williams & Bell. — Hesperiidae of the Forbes Expedition to Dutch and British Guiana. Two New Hesperids from Ecuador. (Trans., 57, 249-290, ill., 1 col. pi., 1931) 1.25 958.— Williams (R. C.)— Cuban Hesperiidae. (Trans., 57, 305- 318 1 c. pi., 1931) .75 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS MARCH, 1933 Vol. XLIV No. 3 CHARLES WILLJSON JOHNSON 1863-1932. CONTENTS O* Byrne — On the Effectiveness of Protective Adaptations (Lepid.) . . Hebard — Notes on Colorado Orthoptera Cresson — Descriptions of New Species of the Dipterous Family Ephy- dridae . Leussler — Atrytone bimacula ? aberration .contradicta, aber. nov. (Lepid.: Hesperiidae) . . Curator of Insects at noston Haskin— Theclahalesus, its Life cycle and Habits (Lepid. : Lycaenidae) Hubbell — A Change of Name in the Genus Melanoplus (Orth., Acridi- dae. Cyrtacanthacrinae). Hicks — Observations on Dianthidium ulkei (Cresson). (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Wick wire and Calale— Observations in the Genus Samia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) . . . Headstrom— The Winter Stage of Sibine stimulea CLepid. : Eucleidae) Entomological Literature Review— Blatchley's In Days Agone Obituary — Edward Bruce Williamson Title-page and Index to Volume XL1II. PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Claw Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. Act of October 3. 1917, authorized January 15. 1921. 57 61 65 71 71 72 74 75 79 80 81 84 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. Philip P. 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The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40;, nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies. $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater, numbers of copies will be at the corresponding- multiples of these rate*. Printed covers for 50 copies, $4.00 or more, according1 to number of pages bound. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XLIV. MARCH, 1933 No. 3 On the Effectiveness of Protective Adaptations (Lepidoptera). By HAROLD O'BYRNE, Webster Groves, Missouri. The theories concerning the various aspects of the subject of protective adaptation have received a vigorous attack at the hands of Mr. W. L. McAtee ('32), who has amassed an im- mense quantity of data on the food of birds, based on examina- tions of the contents of their stomachs. The great value of so many definite records cannot be denied, but his interpretation of the result of his investigation is open to serious question. Mr. McAtee obtains the following result from his tabula- tions : that the number of identifications in each of the various taxonomic groups bears a general relation to the frequency with which the animals belonging to those groups occur in nature. I agree with him as to the higher groups — phyla, classes, and orders ; and, in general, families also, although there are some important exceptions. His classification of data does not con- sider categories smaller than families, so any conclusions that can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of protective adapta- tions cannot apply to adaptations that involve smaller units. His method is thus limited in its application. Having arrived at this result, he goes on to mention many instances where birds have eaten supposedly "protected" species, and comes to the conclusion that protective adaptations are of little or no effec- tiveness in influencing birds in their selection of food, and that the theories regarding protective adaptations are inadequate to explain them. T do not think that the results of his investiga- tion warrant such a conclusion. Tn the first place, he has concentrated his attack upon the types of protective adaptation that have been least substantiated and are still disputed — disagreeable tastes and odors, and warn- ing coloration- — while he glosses over the much more important one, concealing coloration. If he had given this last as full 57 M* 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 consideration as he did the others, it would lead to conclusions exactly opposite. For if birds consume as many cryptically colored animals, in proportion to their abundance, as they do conspicuously colored ones, then they are evidently seeking the former in preference to the more easily found conspicuous ani- mals. This would indicate that the latter are less suitable for food, and is therefore favorable to the adaptation theories. My second objection to Mr. McAtee's conclusions is that his method does not take into consideration the circumstances under which the food of birds is obtained. For example, butterflies and many grasshoppers, while in flight, are among the most conspicuous of all insects. We should, therefore, expect them to be eaten by birds in greater proportion than many other insects. Mr. McAtee finds that this is not the case; it seems reasonable to believe, therefore, that their concealing coloration while at rest is the compensating factor. Again, most insects, after they have completed the task of reproduction, become more sluggish and less successful in hiding themselves — effects of "old age." Birds should be expected to devour a larger proportion of such relatively more available prey. If protec- tive adaptations help to preserve their lives until this time, its purpose is accomplished, even though they are eventually eaten by birds. It is therefore absolutelv necessarv to know the cir- j -> - cumstances of capture in order to judge the effectiveness of protective adaptations. My third criticism is that Mr. McAtee has failed to take into account all of the factors involved in the balance of nature. The number of progeny of a pair of animals that survive to reproduce their kind is dependent upon their fecundity, upon the survival of the offspring under optimum conditions, upon the effectiveness of all of their protective adaptations, and op- posed to these, upon the toll taken by the environment (the "resistance of the environment" sec Chapman, '31. chap, viii), including their destruction by all predaceous enemies. Mr. McAtee has considered only a fraction of the resistance of the environment. Determination of the effect of protective adaptations must await the evaluation of the other factors. The destruction of animals by predaceous foes may be taken as xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59 the resultant of two factors, the defensive adaptations of the animals preyed upon — in structure, color, and behavior — and the aggressive adaptations of the attacking animals. The de- velopment of these has been not unlike that of human methods of warfare, where each improvement in defensive fortification has been met by an increase in the effectiveness of weapons of attack. In like manner, the development of protective adap- tations in animals preyed upon has been accompanied by im- proved adaptations for aggression in predators. The status quo has been maintained; forms unable to keep up with the proces- sion have been left by the wayside for the paleontologists to ponder over. Discussion of the effectiveness of protective adap- tations will accomplish little unless we consider their develop- ment along with that of the corresponding aggressive adapta- tions of predaceous animals. For these reasons I believe that Mr. McAtee has failed to prove his case. Furthermore, his discussion of many of the examples that he cites in support of his contention are mis- leading; I shall comment upon a few that refer to the Lepi- doptera. as I am familiar with that order. Referring to the larvae of Geometridae which are supposed to be protected through their resemblance to twigs, he says (p. 58) that "such a defense depends upon immobility whereas these caterpillars must be in motion the greater part of the time while searching for and devouring food." My observa- tion of geometrid larvae has shown them to be generally slow of movement, except when disturbed, and they are often motionless for considerable lengths of time. It would be in- teresting in this connection to determine how many of them are nocturnal feeders and rest in the daytime when most birds are active. Mr. McAtee lists 113 records of birds eating Rhopalocera, of which 24 are larvae and 2 pupae. Of the remaining 87 which deal with adults, not one refers to the best known \orth Ameri- can example of supposed "protected models" in mimicry, Danais plc.rippus Linn. Although this abundant species is one of our most conspicuous butterflies, and is everywhere avail- 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 able to birds, not a single one of the 80,000 birds examined had eaten one. Then he says (p. 59) that there are two records for Papilio species and six for Vanessa species, "supposedly the best pro- tected forms." I do not believe that such a claim has been made for the entire genus Papilla ; one group of them are re- garded as being "protected," the "pharmacophagous" group (Punnett, '15), of which P. pliilcnor Linn, and two or three stragglers into the southern part of the country are the only representatives north of Mexico. He does not say what species were found. As to J'ancssa, his application of the name is con- fusing; but their "protected" qualities are doubtful and have always been disputed. All of the species known to me, that belong to the closely related genera variously called Vanessa, Aglais, Pyramcis, etc., by different authors, are protectively colored on the lower surface of the wings. Mr. McAtee dismisses the supposed difficulty of making identifications of Lepidoptera in bird stomachs by describing the fuzzy appearance of the material due to the presence in it of lepidopterous scales, and he says, further, that identifications can often be made from wing venation in cases where none of the original coloration remains. I wonder how often birds devour butterflies and moths, wings and all, as compared to the frequency with which they pull the wings off and eat only the body. When they do not eat the wings, the difficulty of mak- ing determinations would be greatly increased, and in many cases identification would be impossible. Conclusion. Mr. McAtee's conclusion that protective adapta- tions are not effective does not necessarily follow from the re- sult he obtains from his analysis of the contents of bird stomachs. That the food of birds is generally distributed among the taxonomic groups in proportion to the abundance of individuals and their availability to birds only shows that the majority of animals possess some kind of protective adap- tation. Mr. McAtee's argument is faulty because he selects for his attack only certain adaptations and does not consider the others. However, he is entirely right in subjecting the xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61 theories on protective adaptation to more critical investigation than they have received heretofore. This cannot be denied, whatever the merits of his conclusions. REFERENCES. CHAPMAN, R. X. Animal ecology, with especial reference to insects. McGraw-Hill, 1931. McATEE, W. L. Effectiveness in nature of the so-called pro- tective adaptations in the animal kingdom, chiefly as illustrated by the food habits of nearctic birds. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 85, no. 7, 1932. PUNNETT, R. C. Mimicry in butterflies. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1915. « ^ * ^ » Notes on Colorado Orthoptera. By MORGAN HEBARD, Philadelphia, Penna. Our revisionary studies on the Great Plains Orthopteran fauna have steadily progressed since we published on the Or- thoptera of Colorado in 1929. A few nomenclatorial changes have been made and these, with several records of particular interest we note below, while a small but interesting series of the species taken in the vicinity of Boulder by F. B. Isely in 1931 is listed. ARENIVAGA ERRATICA Rehn. Cortez, V, 19, 1925, 1 9 . Du- rango was the only previous record of this southwestern cock- roach from the state. YERSINIOPS SOLITARIUM (Scudder). This genus was proposed by Hebard in 193 1.1 The species was previously referred to Yersinia Saussure, that genus now restricted to a single very distinct Mexican species. PARATETTIX CUCULLATUS (Burmeiste-r). We have recently noted, in discussing the Cucullatus Group, that there are no recognizable races of this species and that, though best con- sidered distinct from nic.riccuins (Saussure), it shows definite divergence toward that insect in the southwestern portion of its range.2 PARATETUX MEXICANUS EXTENSUS MORSI-:. In discussing the Cucullatus Group we also found that toltccus ( Saussure) is a synonym of inc.vicanus inc.vicuinis (Saussure) but that the insect which had hitherto been recognized as toltccus repre- sents a race for which the oldest name available is c.vtcnsns. 1 Trans. Amer. Knt. Soc., I AT I. p. 114. 2 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LVIII, p. 223. 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 SYRBULA FUSCOVITTATA Thomas. Texas Creek, IX, 18 and 19, 1919, (R. C. Shannon), 1 <5 . Canyon City was the only previous Colorado record for this southern species. ARPHIA CONSPERSA Scudder. In 1931 a we placed Arphia frigida Scudder as a synonym of conspcrsa. Though typic- ally the northern and mountain dwelling insect appears dis- tinct from that of the Great Plains, very large series which we have studied show such gradual transition from one to the other that we do not helieve they can be distinguished as races. MELANOPLUS BOREALIS STUPEFECTUS (Scudder). From exam- ination of the entire original series we find that the type (a male selected by us in 1929, from Taos Peak, New Mexico) correctly represents a race of boreatis from the Rockies of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, but that the females so described are all referable to M. dodgci bohemani (Stal), an insect which was not described until two years later (1878), but specimens of which Scudder also recorded in 1876 incorrectly as Pcsotctti.v nnirsliaUi. MELANOPLUS PACKARDI Scudder. Although M. foedus Scudder is not a synonym of packardi as indicated by us and generally believed in 1929, our records of packardi then given are prob- ably correct. In a series of eighty-four specimens now before us the caudal tibiae are pink in half, blue in half. These were taken May 23 to October 29 and are from Julesburg, Ft. Morgan, Greeley, Ft. Collins, Boulder, Denver, Poudre River, Pingree Park at 9000 feet, Pine Grove, Colorado Springs, La Junta and Canyon City. MELANOPLUS FOEDUS FOEDUS Scudder. Julesburg, VII, 29, 1910, (Rehn and Hebard), 1 5,59. Greeley, 3$, I 9. Denver, (Stoner), 1 9 ; VII, 30, 1895, 1 $ ; VII, 20, 1897, 1 $. Lamar, VII, 18, 1901, 1 $. La Junta, IX, 1. 1909, (Rehn and Hebard), 1 $ , 1 9 . Grand Junction, 1 $ . Though also very common in eastern Colorado, this insect is apparently confined to the river flats where it is particularly numerous in high weedy areas, whereas packardi is generally distributed over the plains and also occurs in the foothills. In western Colorado foedus focdns is less abundant, while packardi is there probably extremely local. In Colorado this insect has the median pronotal dark band weak or obsolete, the general coloration is more uniform and yellowish than that of the majority of specimens of packardi 3 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXIII, p. 147. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63 and all we have seen have the caudal tibiae pink. These features do not aid in distinguishing specimens of focdns focdus from those of packanli, however, in other portions of their distribu- tion. MELANOPLUS FOEDUS FLUVIATILIS Bruner. This insect was reduced to racial status by us in 193 1,4 when we stated that it quite possibly represents merely a local environmental adapt- ation of focdus focdus. SCUDDERIA sps. The grounds given by Caudell for using Phan- croptcra in place of Scnddcria, which we accepted in 1929 for American species, have been found untenable. Under Scnddcria must therefore be assigned tc.vcnsis Saussure and Pictet and furcata fitrcifcra Scudder. MICROCENTRUM RHOMBiFOLiUM (Saussure). Grand Junction, IX, 1, 1931, 1 9 . This record extends the known range of the species considerably northward, as it was previously known in Colorado only from Cedar Edge. STEIROXYS TRILINEATUS (Thomas). Cerro Summit, Montrose County, VIII, 21, 1896, (C. P. Gillette), 1 9 . Wills Ranch is the only previously known Colorado record. STENOPELMATUS FUSCUS (Haldeman). Redland Mesa, near Grand Junction, VII, 1922, (W. Yetter, under rock), 1 $ . Grand Junction, X. 1926, 1 9 . Though the species had been recorded from Colorado only from Cedar, it probably occurs throughout the state except at high elevations. The following small collection was made by F. B. Isely in the vicinity of Boulder from July 27 to August 14, 1931, in plriins, foothills and mountain environment. No. 1. Roggen. \Yeld Country, 5000 feet, in sand hills. No. 2. Boulder, Boulder County, 5300 feet, and nearby foot- hills up to 6300 feet. No. 3. Nederland and Rainbow Lakes, Boulder County, 8200 to 11000 feet. DIAPHEROMERA YKLiKi VELIKI \Yalsh 2 $, No. 1. We dis- cussed and placed as a southern race of this species Caudell's incsillanu in 193 1/' MKKMIRIA MACULIPENNIS MACCLUNGI Rehn 1 S, No. 1. OPEIA ORSCURA (Thomas) 1 <$ , 1 9 , No. 1 and No. 2. A.Mi'ii ITOK.N ;rs COLORADUS (Thomas) 2 £ , 4 9 , No. 2. CORDILLACRIS OCCIPITALIS OCCIPITALIS (Thomas) 1 $ , 1 9, No. 2. CHORTHIPPUS crKTii'Kxxis (Harris) 6 <5 . 1 9, No. 2 and No. 3. 'Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I. XXXIII, p. 187. °ENT. NEWS, XLII, p. 65. '64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 NEOPODISMOPSIS ABDOMINALIS (Thomas) 1 $ , No. 3. This genus was erected in 1932 by Bei-Bienko G to include this single nearctic species. GOMPHOCERUS CLAVATUS (Thomas) 1 $ , No. 3. AGENEOTETTIX DEORUM (Scudder) 2 $ ,2 9 , No. 2. ARPHIA PSEUDONIETANA (Thomas) 3 $ , No. 2. CAMNULA PELLUCIDA Scudder 2 $ , 2 9 , No. 3. DISSOSTEIRA CAROLINA (Linnaeus) 2 9 , No. 2. SPHARAGEMON EQUALS (Say) 2 $ , 1 9 , No. 2. TRACK YRHACHIS KIOWA KIOWA (Thomas) 1 5,4 9 , No. 1. TRIMEROTROPIS PALLIDIPENNIS PALLIDIPENNIS (Burmeister) 1 9 , No. 1. TRIMEROTROPIS CAMPESTRIS McNeill 2 9 , No. 3. TRIMEROTROPIS HUMILIS (Morse) 2 5,1 9 , No. 3, (at 8200 feet). Though revisionary studies will probably split up the genus Trimerotropis as at present understood, further studies of this and allied species prove that they should be assigned there at least for the present. Certainly humilis superficially strongly resembles Spharagemon equate (Say) in certain of the localities where it occurs, but we are convinced that the two species are derived from distinct phyla. The relation- ship to the Mexican Trimerotropis toltcca Saussure is very much closer than some series would suggest and extreme geographic variation appears to occur in each. TRIMEROTROPIS AGRESTIS McNeill 1 $ , 2 9 , No. 1. CIRCOTETTIX RABULA RABULA Rehu and Hebard 1 9 , No. 3. PAROPOMALA WYOMINGENSIS (Thomas) 2 $ , 2 9 , No. 1. SCHISTOCERA LINEATA Scudder 1 $ , No. 1. HESPEROTETTIX VIRIDIS VIRIDIS (Thomas) 1 $ (decidedly re- cessive), No. 1. Further studies of enormous series have convinced us that gillcttci Bruner is a synonym of iicradcnsis Morse and the ncvadcusis and pnitcusis must both be placed as races of viridis.1 HESPEROTETTIX SPECIOSUS (Scudder) 2 5, No. 1. MELANOPLUS DIFFERENTIALS (Thomas) 1 $ , No. 1. MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS (Say) 1 $ , No. 1. MELANOPLUS DAWSONI (Scudder) 2 $ , 2 9 , No. 3. MELANOPLUS FEMUR-RUBRUM FEMUR-RUBRUM (DeGeer) 4 $ (2 from No. 1 large and pale, 2. from No. 2 small). MELANOPLUS INFANTILIS Scudder 1 $ , No. 3. MELANOPLUS LAKINUS (Scudder) 1 9 , No. 2. MELANOPLUS MEXICANUS MEXICANUS (Saussure) 4 c?. 2 ?, No. 3. 8 Eos, VIII, p. 56. 7Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXII, p. 392, (1930). xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65 MELANOPLUS FOEDUS FOEDUS Scudder, 1 $ , No. 1. MELANOPLUS ANGUSTTPENNIS (Dodge) 2 9,2 9 , Xo. 1 and No. 2. MELANOPLUS FLAVIDUS FLAVIDUS Scudder 3 $ . No. 1. MELANOPLUS BOWDITCHI BOWDITCHI Ssudder 1 ?, No. 1. PHOETALIOTES NEBRASCENSIS (Thomas) 1 9 . No. 3. ORCHELIMUM CONCINNUM DELICATUM Bruner 2 $ ,2 9 , No. 1. CONOCEPHALUS FASCiATUs FASCiATUs (DeGcer) 4 $ , 4 9 , No. 1 and Xo. 2. CONOCEPHALUS STRICTUS (Scudder) 1 9,1 $ , No. 2. CONOCEPHALUS SALTANS (Scudder) 1 $ , 1 9 , No. 2. Descriptions of New Species of the Dipterous Family Ephydridae. By EZRA T. CRESSON, JR., Philadelphia, Penna. Paralimna piger new species. The facial markings of this species suggest those of f>nnti- coniis Cress, but here we have no flattened area on the second antennal segment. Head scarcely broader than high ; eyes round. Frons dis- tinctly broader than long ; chocolate brown with ochreous linea- tion ; ocellar bristles almost aligned with anterior ocellus ; profile, convex . Face almost as broad as long ; profile slightly humped above line of upper bristles ; median transverse sulcation not noticeable ; ochreous gray, heavily discolored with chocolate brown, especially between antennae on the hump, as two median vertical stripes and on facialia, leaving the foveae, parafacies and oral margin, ochreous gray. Two subequal bristles each side as strong as f rontorbitals ; the uppermost above line of buccal orbit, with about five fine bristles below. Cheeks one- fourth height of head; medianly brown, leaving orbits and oral margin, grayish. Antenna above center-line of eyes, separated by about width of third segment ; second normal ; third twice as long as broad, arista with ten hairs. Tormae sericeous white. Mesonotum chocolate brown with grayish longitudinal linea- tion, becoming more gray and irrorated laterally. Mesopleura for most part brown, becoming irrorated medianly ; pleura oth- erwise grayish, scutellum almost uniformly brown except later- ally. Brown bands of abdomen broader than the ochreous gray ones with distal margins sharp and scarcely recurved mesally ; median stripe sharply defined and rather broad to apex of abdomen. Ventral lobes gray, irrorated ; those of basal seg- ments more discolored. 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 Legs slightly grayish ; bases of all tarsi tawny, especially of hind pair. Fore femora of male with anterior flexor ciliation of about ten apically curved slightly flattened bristles confined to the medial three-fourths; the longest, proximally, about three- fourths diameter of femora. Post-flexor ciliation confined to basal-half, of about five very long bristles equalling diameter of femora. Flexor surfaces not noticeably sulcate. Fore tibiae slightly bowed. Wings elongate, slightly obscured ; veins brown ; crossveins blackened ; second costal section slightly more than twice as long as third : second of fourth vein slightly more than length of third. Length, 3.3 mm. Type.— S ; ECUADOR. (H. H. Parish; 1914). [U. S. N. M., no. 44805]. Paratyf>c. — 1 $ ; topotypical. Smaller than type (2.7 mm.) and not in as good condition, but apparently similar otherwise. Paralimna luctans new species. Were it not for the silvery spot on the second antennal seg- ment, I would strongly suspect this to be bistriata Hendel or cilifcra Hendel from the Bolivian-Argentina region. The frons is much broader than long, dark brown to blackish, with some ochreous lineation above lateral and ocellar bristles ; frontorbitals slightly in advance of line of frontals. Fronto- facial profile evenly convex. Face about as broad as long with slight interfoveal hump, grayish but much discolored with ochre and brown especially above ; the two submedial longitudinal marks more or less evident ; the median transverse sulcation very evident in certain aspects and runs obliquely into the facialia laterally. Upper facial bristles about as strong as the anterior frontorbital, and are slightly above line of buccal orbit, with about five hairs below. Cheeks whitish, about three-fourths diameter of eye. Antennae above center-line of eyes, black, dark pilose ; second segment with distinct silvery spot above ; arista with about eleven hairs. Mesonotum ochraceous with irrorations and suggestion of three interdorsocentral brown lines. (Lateral margins and mesopleura stained and markings not discernible ; pleura other- wise whitish). Scutellum broad as long, grayish, darker basally. Abdomen with a continuous median brown stripe, broadest on third segment ; basal brown segmental bands with convex mar- gins, attenuating laterally, not extended over onto ventral lobes ; mesal portion of ventral lobes of second and third segments brown. Femora grayish; basal segment of fore, two or three of xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67 middle and hind, tarsi, tawny. Fore femoral filiation of male composed of slightly flattened, pointed, not apically curved bristles which are nearly as long as diameter of femora at about middle of series which runs to minute hairs before distal ex- tremity ; their tibiae are normal. Wings rather noticeably brown tinged. Second costal section more than twice as long as third; posterior crossvein somewhat blackened but not noticeably clouded. Length, 4 mm. Type. — $ ; Posadas, Misiones, ARGENTINA. January 13-15, 1927. (F. & M. Edwards). [British Mus. X. II. Coll.]. Poratypc. — 1 ? ; topotypical. Paralimna sera new species. This species may be distinguished by the blackish upper por- tion of the face which is concolorous with the anterior part of the frons. Frons almost quadrate, convex in profile, dark brown to black with obscure grayish lineation ; ocellar triangle attenuated and attaining anterior margin. Face broad as long, prominent in profile with little or no median hump and no median transverse sulcation ; bluish gray with upper portion except parafacies blackish ; uppermost bristle long and slender, aligned with buccal orbit, with about two shorter hair-like bristles below. Cheeks one-half diameter of eye. Antennae about on center-line of eye; second segment normal ; third, twice as long as broad ; arista with eight hairs, somewhat curving at tips. Tormae sericeous white. Mesonotum dark golden brown with gray dashes suggesting vittation; irrorations absent except on the lateral gray areas. Scutellum concolorous, gray laterally. Mesopleura brown above and below without irroration ; pleura otherwise whitish gray. Abdomen elongate; basal one-half to three-fourths of segments two to five, broadly produced to apices medianly (forming a broad median stripe) and narrow apical margins, opaque brown, leaving a narrow, medianly interrupted subapical gray fascia on these segments. Legs grayish ; one or two basal segments, pale. Fore femora of male beneath with anterior flexor series of rather short, flat- tened, slightly curved bristles mostly confined to distal half: posterior series normal, confined to basal half. Wings brown- ish, crossveins not noticeably darker. Length, 4.5 mm. T\'f>c. — $ ; Yallahs Valley, Blue Mountains, JAMAICA. Feb- ruary 24, 1911. [Am. Mus. N. H.J. Paratypc. — 1 $ ; topotypical. 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 Nostima scutellaris new species. Very similar to N. picta which also occurs in the western United States ; differing in the entire yellow legs, more shining mesonotum and opaque, hlack frons. Black; third antennal segment below, palpi, legs including fore coxae excepting apices of tarsi, yellow. Halteres whitish. Wings immaculate, yellowish hyaline, irridescent, with pale veins. Opaque ; frons velvety black with narrow silvery orbits ; face pale yellow in male, white in female, with narrow silvery orbits ; cheeks white. Mesonotum subopaque to shining, with broad medial stripe dusted anteriorly with brown, limited laterally at dorsocentral lines by conspicuous whitish lines which become broader posteriorly occupying nearly entire lateral part of mesonotum, this dilation varying according to aspect, but always most persistent anteriorly ; these lines continue to an intense white spot at lateral angles of scutellum. Scutellum and pos- terior medial margin of mesonotum, velvety black. Pleura black above, white below, the line of demarkation very sharp ; metanotum grayish. Abdomen polished with a brown pollinose basal medial area. Structurally similar to picta Fallen. T\pc.— $ ; Michigan City, INDIANA, June 29, 1915. (J. M. Aldrich). [U. S. N. M., no. 44806]. Paratypcs. — 1 5,49; topotypical. 1 $ ; Lafayette, In- diana, June 17, 1915. (J. M. Aldrich). 1 9 ; same locality, and collector, June 11, 1915. Sweeping from grass. 1 9 ; same locality and collector, March 30. sweeping over grass. 1 9 ; same locality and collector, May 30, 1916. 1 9 ; Vincennes, Indiana, (J. M. Aldrich). 1 9 ; Peoria, ILLINOIS, May 20, 1918, (J. M. Aldrich). 1 9 ; same locality and collector, Aug- ust 26, 1917. [all U. S. N. M.]. Napaea vanduzeei new species. This species seems to be closely allied to pinguis, which species however has a glistening white face, sharp abdominal margins and less strongly marked wings. Black ; halteres pale yellow ; tarsi brown to tawny. Some- what shining ; sparingly dusted with brown except on abdomen where it is whitish. Frontal vittae rather more shining, but not conspicuously so. Structurally similar to N. pinguis (Walk- er). Face yellowish white, not glistening; rather straight, xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69 slightly oblique in profile. Mesonotum with one to two post- dorsocentrals discernible ; scutellum as broad as long, triangular, with distinct apical conical tubercle ; distance between the apical bristles about one-half their length. Abdomen uniformly bluish tinge and whitish pruinose ; lateral margins revolute but scarcely turned under. Wings strongly tinged with brown ; crossveins broadly clouded and distal portions of second, third and fourth veins narrowly clouded ; whitish areas proximad and distad of anterior crossvein and the three or four near the posterior one, well marked. (Type shows a very short appendage near tip of second vein, also a crossvein between second and third before curve of second) ; second costal section at most twice as long as third; last two sections of fourth subequal. Length, 3.5 mm. Type — 3 ; Niagara Falls, NEW YORK. July 21. 1913. (M. C. VanDuzee). [A. N. S. P., no. 6497]. Pamtypc. — 2 $ ; East Aurora, New York. July 28, 1912. (M. C. VanDuzee). [These specimens do not show any distinct appendage or crossvein as in type, but one has a crossvein near tip of second to costa in both wings.] Scatella troi new species. A species similar to stayualis Fallen, but larger, with gray face and abdomen, and _strpjag lateral basal scutellar bristle. Black ; halteres knob pale yellow, pedicle brownish. Opaque to subopaque ; medifrons, mesonotum and scutellum somewhat shining. Dusting of frons, thorax and scutellum above, golden ochreous or brown, becoming grayish below ; that of face, meta- notum and abdomen plumbaceous. Wings infuscated with four somewhat indistinct but large diluted spots : one in middle of submarginal cell, one sub-basal and one distomedian in first posterior, and one subapical in discal cell. Structurally similar to stac/nalis Fall. Face with three to four subequal, stout, dorsoclinate bristles in lower part of lateral series which are notice! >ly different from the two to three smaller lateroclinate bristles in upper part of the series. Cheeks much broader than width of third antennal segment. . \nte- sutural dorsocentrals wanting or hairlike ; postacrosticals absent, but presutural pair strong. Scutellum with strong lateral basal bristle besides the usual curved seta near apex. Abdomen elongate, scarcely as broad as thorax ; fifth segment truncate, as long as third and fourth together. Wings very long, with second vein slightly curving into costa. Length, 3.5 mm. Female sex unknown. 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 Typc.— S ; Troy, IDAHO. May 31, 1908. (E. T. Cresson, Jr.) [A.~N. S. P., no. '6498]. Paratypcs. — 2 $ ; Husum, WASHINGTON, June 28, 1917, (A. L. Melander), [Coll. Melander]. 3 $ ; Clarkston, Wash- ington, March 8, 1908, [Coll. Melander]. 1 $ ; Kendrick, Idaho. June 7, 1917, [Coll. Melander]. Scatella laxa new species A species structurally similar to stagnalis, but larger, more shining, with white to gray face. Black, with halteres fulvous. Upper surfaces dark, some- what shining, brown pollinose ; face, cheeks, pectus, legs, and apical portion of abdominal segments faintly, white to gray. Medifrons differentiated from the small opaque frontalia. Antesutural dorsocentrals undeveloped ; postsutural acrosticals absent, but sutural pair strong. Scutellum with a lateral down- curved hair near apical bristles. Wings infuscated, with four to five distinct diluted spots, that one in submarginal cell gen- erally occupying full width of cell. Length, 2.2 mm. Type. — $ ; Berkeley Hills, Alameda County, CALIFORNIA, April 11, 1908. (E. T. Cresson, Jr.). [A. N. S. P., No. 6499]. Paratypes. — 3 5,9$; topotypical. OLS . Scutella quadrinotata new species. In some respects similar to the western lax a just described, but the cheeks are broader and the wings with only four spots. Color of the dusting on the frons and thorax above, golden to greenish gold, becoming grayish on the under surfaces ; of the abdomen, more grayish green with distal margins of the segments noticeably whitish gray ; of the face, densely bluish gray. Frons medianly nearly polished ; mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen somewhat shining. In structure similar to stagnalis but more robust, with broader cheeks which are at least equal to that of third antennal seg- ment. Wings with only four well defined whitish spots ; the one usually in the second posterior cell being absent. Length. 2 mm. Typc.— $ ; Colden, NEW YORK. August 3, 1913. (M. C. VanDuzee). [A. N. S. P., No. 6500.] Paratypes. — 2 5,39; topotypical with same date. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71 Atrytone bimacula 9 aberration contradicta. aber. nov. (Lepid.: Hesperiidae). By R. A. LEUSSLER, Omaha, Nebraska. While collecting in a moist meadow at Valley, Nebraska, on July 5. 1932, a locality which has yielded a few specimens of Atrytone bi macula (G&R) each summer for several years past, the writer took a female without spots. The specimen is slightly above average in size, having an alar expanse of 40 mm. The entire upper surface is uniformly fuscous except for a few fulvous scales along costa of fore- wings, as is usual in normal females of this species. The fringes are whitish as in normal individuals. Head, thorax, palpi and antennae as in normal individuals. Underside, differs from normal only in the absence of the usual two spots on primaries, in place of which there is a single faint, very narrow and rather indistinct vertical line 2 mm. in length. While there is a difference of opinion among Lepidopterists regarding the propriety of naming aberrations, I deem it ad- visable to bestow a name upon the insect described above, and as the absence of the usual two spots on forewing contradicts the specific name biuwcula 1 propose for this 9 aberration the name contradicta. Unspotted individuals of Atrytone rcstris and Thorybcs pvladcs have been described and named and for that reason I feel it is desirable to call attention to this unspotted Inuiacnhi. Males of bimacula from this locality vary greatly in the amount of fulvous on primaries. In occasional specimens a considerable area surrounding the stigma is fulvous and the inner portion of secondaries overlaid with bronzy, giving them the appearance of a dwarfed arpa (1'dv. & Lee.). In others the fulvous is limited to a narrow strip below the stigma, sug- gesting the possibility of a tendency toward a uniformly fuscous insect. Curator of Insects at Boston. Mr. Richard Dow writes that he has been appointed to take care of the insects at the Boston Society of Natural History. He says: "I am only working part time, and the position is nominally temporary." ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 Thecla halesus, its Life cycle and Habits (Lepid.: Lycaenidae). By J. R. HASKIN, Auburndale, Florida. I have always been particularly interested in halesus since the day, twenty years or more ago, when I first saw it in the uplands of Arizona feeding on the fall-blooming Blgelovia graveolcns. The books said it was supposed to breed on mistle- toe, but I could see none of it on the sparse and stunted oaks in the vicinity. It was not until 1932 that I had a real opportunitv to study its life habits, and it was in Florida twenty-five hundred miles away that I again found it in April on the great fragrant clusters of Saw Palmetto, Serenoa sernilata. Several species of oak and quantities of mistletoe were in the neighborhood of Beirce's Woods between Lake Ariana and Lake Whistler. On April 10 I took a badly worn female lialcsiij? on a flower- ing cluster of saw palmetto. It was placed in a breeding cage with sprigs of mistletoe and two kinds of oak. April 11-12. Found 18 eggs on mistletoe and four on live oak, scattered singly. Under a low power glass these look like minute, bleached, beachworn Sea Urchin shells. Echinoidea. (When I was a boy in Maine, we called them oar eggs.) At the top of the egg the micropyle is depressed, the center a transparent green. Cross section about 1/40" diameter. April 18-19. Eggs all hatched. Of the four on live oak two died and two crawled into the mistletoe. I therefore decided to feed them on mistletoe. It is difficult to do this for the young, tender mistletoe dries up in a few hours, whether or not the twigs are kept in water. This necessitates transferring the tiny larvae each day to fresh leaves and they are so exactly the color of the mistletoe that it is hard to find some of them. In fact several were lost before I realized how painstaking a search was required to locate them. These larvae are pale greenish yellow with a dark spot on rump. They are hairy, the hair darker than the body. Body tapers from front to rear. April 21. The larvae are now about one-eighth inch long, a bright leaf green in the sunlight with the hairs gleaming brightly. Some have a tiny spot on back of 2nd and llth xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS segments. These young larvae eat the surface off the top of leaves leaving small transparent spots. April 24. Cast skins for 2nd instar. Now a darker green with faint yellowish and light green stripes. A tiny diamond shaped mark on 2nd segment. Length three-thirty seconds of an inch, slug-shaped, tapering to rear. April 28. Cast skins again. Solid green, hairy, skin and hair exactlv resembling the surface of mistletoe leaf. The spot on 2nd segment is white, diamond-shaped with two tiny lines across it. The larva is slug-shaped, with an overhanging fluted curt?in-like border that covers and conceals a very small, brown head and small lees. This curtain touching the leaf all around accentuates the slug-like appearance of the larva. Tt is very slow and sluggish in its movements. Size 10/32 x 3/32 inches. May 1. Casting skins again. Darker green with traces of russet red. covered with minute whitish spots and slightly hairv. The diamond-shaped spot under a glass proved to he white with a fine black border and a pair of fine lines cutting it lengthwise. The small brown head is tucked under a cowl- like hood. So perfectly do they resemble the mistletoe leaf that at times th°v nre hard to locate. Thev now are large enough to eat the whole leaf. Size 18/32 x 6/32 inches. May 4. Becoming more slug-shaped than ever, the skin curi- ouslv roughened, the segments distinguishable. May 8. Have grown to 1 x 10/32 inches, thick, slug-shaped, slow moving. The side fringe or curtain is very noticeable and covers feet and head. Faint, wavy lines of greenish on sides and back. Minute clots on sides of last 8 segments. Hairs are whitish. AYhen drawn up resting they are 3/4 x 10/32 inches. May 11. Have spun their girdles on green mistletoe leaves lying on edge on the bottom of the cage. One is on side of cage near leaves. May 12. Have formed chrysalids of the Thecla type, abdo- mens much larger than thorax. Tn a general way they look like the illustration in Holland's Buffer fly Book. Plate V. fig- ure 26, and are almost the same size, being 10/16 of an inch long, with abdomen 6/16 inch wide and 10/16 inch high. The color is a rusty, mottled brown. Ridge of thorax has coarse 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 yellow bristles with a double row of clumps of the same on four segments of abdomen. On sides of 2nd segment are tiny spots which, under the glass, look like small black ears partly edged with white. The bottom of the chrysalis is flat and fits closely against its support. May 28. Butterflies emerged, from this date to June 2. ex- cept one which may be dead or which may emerge in the fall. In Florida halcsus appears to breed over a considerable period. The only reason more are not seen is that they spend their days in trees and are to be taken only when attractive flowers bring them down within reach. I have taken occasional fresh specimens every month from September 12 to January 19, and all through April also when Palmetto was in bloom. I obtained numbers of eggs from confined females in April, October, and December. One taken in October laid 65 eggs singly and in clusters on mistletoe in two days. Another laid fifty-two in three days in December. It seems to be rather long-lived for a butterfly. A fresh male taken January 19 was fed on sweetened water and lived forty days until February 28. Its wings gradually wore out and a couple of cold nights finally weakened it. As it grew used to captivity it actually seemed to display a certain intelli- gence for each day when I opened the cage to feed it with sugared water on a camel's hair brush, it would prick up its antennae and observe my movements alertly. As the brush approached it would unfold its proboscis and show very plainly that it understood what was coming to it. A Change of Name in the Genus Melanoplus (Orth., Acrididae, Cyrtacanthacrinae) In a recent paper on the Puer Group of the genus Melanoplus (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., Misc. Publ. 23/ p. 56. 1932) I described a new species from the east coast of Florida under the name Melanoplus iusit/nis. Unfortunately I overlooked the fact that insic/nis had already been used by Hebnrcl (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil-, 1917, p. 266) for a 'Mexican race of Melanoplus dcsultorius Rehn. I therefore propose the new name Melanoplus indicifcr to replace Melanoplus insiynis Hub- bell 1932 (not of Hebard 1917). T. H. HUBBELL, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL XRWS 75 Observations on Dianthidium ulkei (Cresson). (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae.) By CHARLES H. HICKS, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. During the summer of 1932 the resin worker bee, Diau- thidiuui nlkcl (Cresson).* was found nesting at or near Owens Lake, a few miles east of Boulder, Colorado. The females were solitary in habit and usually built their nests in natural (?) cavities or short tunnels in the soil. The nests consisted of one or two cells, constructed of pebbles, sticks, stems or other suitable objects, cemented and held together by means of some resinous or gummy substance. The completed and provisioned cell or cells of a given nest were further protected <,, |i-,P outside bv means of a number of pebbles and the like, carried by the female and placed in the open tunnel above. A somewhat detailed account of certain of the habits of this bee is given below. On September 6 a female, D. nlkci, was first observed flying low and coming to rest on a dandelion leaf at 10:15 in the morning. After a brief pause, she flew to and into an entrance in the ground some 4 inches away. The nest tunnel was unusu- ally short and the orifice situated at such an angle that at this time of day the rays of the sun reached within. Tt was there- fore easy to see the bee as she entered head first, inspected the re1! or deposited some nectar, backed out, turned n^o'it and backed into the cell. The latter action was to enable her to brush the collected pollen from her ventral scopa. This bee was gone 23 minutes on a collecting trip and re- maint'd in the cell on her return a total time of one minute and K. seconds in depositing her load. She was then caught for identification. The ends of her wings were worn and frayed, giving evidence of much use and wear previous to this time. She must have built and provisioned other nests prior to my arrival on the scene. The nest was dug out and found to consist of two cells. One was complete and the space above it seemingly filled in * The insects mentioned in this account have been determined by Dr. T. D. A. Cockerell. 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 with debris ; the other was incomplete and but partially provi- sioned. The upper or anterior ends of these cells wyere close to the surface where they had been formed in an angle between two rocks. The unfinished cell was definitely and firmly at- tached to the surface of one stone but the other was apparently not attached at all. Whether this bee selected a natural cavity in which to build her nest or whether she excavated a place in which to form her cells are questions difficult to answer from the facts at hand. It did seem, however, that some excavation must have taken place as the upper edges of the walls gave evidence of previous work. It is a rather widespread habit for the Anthi- diine bees to select nesting holes formed by other insects and such a method is probably followed, at least in part, by D. ulkei. The cells of this nest had been constructed of plant stems, dried leaves, seeds and other vegetable material, with an occa- sional pebble or hard piece of soil held together by a resinous material. Some of the stems were long and extended beyond the end of the cell proper. These extensions gave the cell somewhat the appearance of the larval cases of certain Caddis flies. The use of so much plant material in these cells may have been due in this instance to its abundance in the immediate area. Other cells, formed by the same species nesting where pebbles were abundant, contained more pebbles than sticks or stems. The stems and sticks from one cell numbered 50 and varied from a few millimeters to 17 in length. The very anterior end of the cell or the cap was solely of clear resin. The entire length of the cell proper, not including the twigs or straws which extended beyond the anterior end, measured 14 mm. It was 12 mm. thick at the widest point, having a rounded base and narrow orifice or entrance 4 mm. in diameter. The inner surface of the cell was of smooth resin, apparently quite free from pebbles or sticks. The pollen, in a completed cell, is quite moist and fills the lower two-thirds of the inner space. The egg of the bee is laid upon the top of this mass. It is clear, light in color, curved and apparently rests with each end touching the food below. A resin cap is later built across the opening above it, thus clos- ing the entrance to the cell. If this cell then be opened, the xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77 food content quickly loses its moisture in the dry atmosphere of Boulder, thus preventing the young bee larva from feeding, growing or developing. Special moist conditions must be secured for an opened cell to enable the insect to successfully reach maturity. A nest finished at noon on September 12 and opened on the morning of September 14 contained a larva 3 mm. long, flat on the food mass, which had already begun feeding. A space of 4 mm. was empty above it and between it and the resin cap. The opened cell was enclosed at the laboratory within a celo- phane covering and sealed, but it dried out, nevertheless, and the larva lived a stunted life for a few days, after which it perished. Another nest, taken on September 12, had an entrance tunnel formed at a slight angle, with walls smooth on the inside and a diameter measuring 6 mm. This tunnel opened into the side of a small mound of rather rocky soil, although others found else- where have sometimes been in soil nearly free from stones or gravel. The inner surface of the tunnel was smooth and ap- peared to have been pounded or worked on by an insect when the soil was moist. A few soil droppings at the orifice gave evidence of earlier work but whether it was done by this bee or another animal is a question. This bee, at the time, was making periodical visits to a slope 18 feet away where she was selecting pebbles, twigs' and the like, and carrying them to the nest. She was soon caught for identification and the cell dug out. A completed cell was found just below the surface and with one side attached to a rock. This cell had a distinct cup-shaped depression at the anterior end formed by the side walls some 4 mm. beyond the anterior cap of resin. An interesting and important variation in nest site selection and nest building was met with on the afternoon of September 17, just outside the city limits of Boulder. This bee, much to my surprise, was found carrying and depositing pebbles loosely on the nearly flat surface of a rock. Certain bees of the genus Anthulinin habitually till in the upper tunnel above the cell of a nest with loose pebbles but all pebbles, previously observed used by bees of the genus Diaiitliidiiini and placed on rocks, 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 have been carefully or firmly held together with resin. The nearly flat surface of the rock arose at almost right angles near its center and into this area had been placed the pebbles and the one cell of the nest. Removal of the nest material revealed the one cell, horizontal in position, fully provisioned and containing the large curved, clear egg of the bee at the slightly lower end. The pebbles immediately about the pollen and egg were loosely held together by resin ; the remaining pebbles and sticks had but barely a trace of resin, here and there, among them. The total number of objects the bee had carried, at the time of her capture and hence probably not the absolute maximum, was 920. This con- sisted of 880 pebbles and 40 small sticks and stems. Thus the bee had journeyed to and from this rock some one thousand times in its building, provisioning and attempted concealment of the nest. Still another variation of habit is evidenced from a record * of the species found nesting in an old cell of Anthophora nco- inexicana Ckll., near Boulder. The single cell was built mainly of clear resin, with possibly some soil or a little other material, and attached to the side and upper walls of the inside of the large mud cell of A. neomexicana. The cocoon was light brown and had a mammillary projection at the anterior end similar to that found on the cocoons of other species of the genus. Dr. Cockerell has kindly given me the following data on specimens now in his collection : Boulder. Colorado, University Campus, July 15, T. D. A. Cockerell; Boulder, Colorado, July 17, W. P. Cockerell; on GrindcHa, Boulder, Colorado August 9, W. P. Cockerell one specimen, T. D. A. Cockerell one speci- men ; on Grindelia sernilata, Boulder, Colorado, September 3, T. D. A. Cockerell ; Boulder, Colorado, September 9, S. A. Rohwer; also Raton, N. Mex., fall; and Pecos, N. Mex., no date. These records, in addition to my own captures and date of observations point to a single generation a year and that a late summer or fall one, although our data may be insufficient to definitely determine this. *Hicks, Charles H. Nesting Habits and Parasites of Certain Bees of Boulder County, Colorado. Univ. Colo. Studies. Vol. XV, No. 3. p. 250, 1926. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79 Observations in the Genus Samia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). By HARRIET A. WICKWIRE and ADELE CALALE. Cortland, New York. Tt is well known that moths of Samia cccropia will mate with moths of Samia glovcri when placed in cages, if mates of their own species are not present. However, we have never seen an account similar to an experiment which we tried one June night, so we submit our experience for what it may be worth. On the night of June 4, 1932, two unmated females of Sum ia glovcri were put in a cage and taken into the woods near Venice Center, New York. The cage was set on the ground, several yards in front of the glaring headlights of our car. At 1.30 A. AI. a male Samia cccropia moth appeared from the rear of the headlights, flying low. He crossed the lighted area, and was caught as he hovered over the cage containing the female glovcri moths. Between 1.30 and 2 A. M., four cccropia males flew from the same direction as the first moth, to the caged glovcri females. When two of these males were introduced inside the cage with the glovcri moths, copulation occurred immediately. On June 14, 1932, we "tied out" a newly-emerged female moth of Samia glovcri in our garden in Cortland, New York. The next morning we found this moth unmated, so the experi- ment was repeated the following night. The following morn- ing the moth was found in copulation with a Samia cccropia male. We consider that these cases prove that Samia. glovcri is, as yet, not far enough removed from cccropia to have lost sexual attraction for the latter species. At the time of the experiment there were many cccropia females in Central Xe\v York ; yet the glovcri females, thou- sands of miles away from the boundaries of their habitat, lured the cccropia males away from their kind. This fact raises in- teresting speculations. What would happen in a locality where both species were found? Would they interbreed freely? 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 Is there any such locality? What was the original cause of differentiation between these two species? Was it geographical only? When did the separation occur? For two years we have tried to rear hybrids of these two species, but have been unsuccessful. A mysterious disease started working rapidly on one or the other of the parent stocks. This disease infected all the larvae in the third stage. It brought weeks of work to naught. In our experience the hybrids have been the last to succumb. We believe this to be the disease which Eliot and Soule described in "Caterpillars and Their Moths," and which they considered especially fatal to glovcri larvae. The symptoms were those of diarrhea. We will be grateful for any information which anyone can give us regarding the causes, prevention, or cures for this dis- ease. Usually it has appeared after the first or second molt, and has proved most virulent among the Attacine group. Tropaea lima has never been affected by it, neither has Auto- meris io or Tclea polyphemus. The Winter Stage of Sibine stimulea (Lepid.: Eucleidae). The larva of Sibine stimulea, popularly known as the Saddle- back moth, because of a large green patch on the back of the larva, resembling a saddle-cloth, while the saddle is represented by an oval purplish brown spot, reaches full growth in late summer. It then spins a smooth dark brown ovoid cocoon in which it passes the winter. To ascertain whether the larva passes the winter in the cocoon as larva or pupa, I gathered several specimens in Sep- tember, 1931, which I found feeding on a pear tree. Being rather large, they required little feeding, and within a week had spun cocoons. In the latter part of the following April, I opened these cocoons, and in each case I found that the larva was still in the larval stage. This would seem to indicate that the larva hibernates in the cocoon during the winter. Further- more, as the adults do not fly until June and July, it would also appear that the larva does not change into a pupa until the latter part of May or the first part of June. BIRGER RICHARD HEADSTROM, Medford Hillside, Massachusetts. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 Entomological Literature COMPILED BY LAURA S. MACKEY UNDER THE SUPERVISION O/ E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials published in our January and June issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for lOc. The number of, or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c. the latter within ( ) follows; then the pagination follows the colon : All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. *Papers containing new forms or names have an * preceding the author's name. (S) Papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Rec- ord, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. StS'Note the change in the method of citing the bibliographical references, as explained above. Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed. GENERAL.— Bishopp, F. C.— Mosquitoes kill live stock. [68] 77: 115-116. Griffin, F. J— On the dates of publica- tion of "Palisot cle Beauvois, Tnsectes rec. Afr. Amer.," 1805-(1821). [75] 10: 585-586. Kingston, R. W. C.— Some smart insects. [Nat. Mag.] 21: 55-60, ill. Holland, W. J. -Reminiscences of a naturalist. [76] 1933: 191-192. Jones, F. M. — Insect coloration and the relative acceptability of insects to birds. [36] 80: 345-385. ill. Melander, A. L.- Fighting insects with powder and lead. [76] 1933: 168-172. Strand, E. — Nochmals: Nomenklatur und ethik. [Folia Zool. et Hvdrobiol., Riga] 4: 103-133. Strand, E— Nach- trag zu meinem artikel "Nochmals: Nomenklatur und Eth- ik.'' [Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol.] 4: 188-189. Strand, E.- Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica. [Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol. | 4: 193-196. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Beattie, M. V. F. -The physico-chemical factors of water in relation to mos- quito breeding in Trinidad. [22] 23: 477-496, ill. Cappe de Baillon, P. — La bipartition monstrueuse du pronotum chez les Coleopteres. |24| 101: 245-266, ill. Currie, G. A. Some notes on the biology and morphology of the im- mature stagi-> of Harpobittacus tillyardi < Mecoptera). [Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.] 57: 116-122; ill. Hilton, W. A. —Nervous svstem and sense organs. J13| 24: 64-66, ill. Janisch, E. — The influence of temperature on the life-his- tory of insects. [36] 80: 137-168, ill. Jobling, B.— A re- vision of the structure of the head, mouth-part and salivary 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 glands of Glossina palpalis. [Parasit.] 24: 449-490, ill. Kontkanen, P. — On the larval digestive tract of Acantho- cinus aedilis (Ceramb.). [Ann. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. Van- amo] 12: 91-106, ill. Mer, G. — The determination of the age of Anopheles by differences in the size of the common oviduct. [22] 23: '563-566, ill. Miller, D.— The bucco- pharyngeal mechanism of a blow-flv larva (Calliphora quadrimaculata). [Parasit.] 24: 491-499, ill. Verlaine, L. -L'instinct et 1'intelligence chez les Hyrnenopteres. [Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege"] 17, 13: 1-16. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Alfaro, C. E.- El acaro del cafeto. ( Epitetranychus althae) [Escuela Nac. Agric., Costa Rica] 1932: 26pp., ill. Denis J. — Les Araig- nees an fond des houilleres. [24] 101 : 267-280. *Gertsch, W. J. — Notes on American spiders of the family Thomisi- dae. [40] No. 593: 22 pp. *Mello-Leitao.— Opilioes do Brasil. | Rev. Mus. Paulista] 17: 1-505. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS. — *Jordan, K. — Two new American species of Siphonaptera. [9] 66: 14-17, ill. * Jordan, K. -- Siphonaptera collected by Mr. Harry S. Swarth at Atlin in British Columbia. [Nov. Zool.] 38: 253-255, ill. *Light, S. F.— Termites of western Mexico. [67] 6: 79-162, ill. *Moulton, D.— The Thysanoptera of South America. [105] 451-484, ill. ORTHOPTERA. — *Little, V. A.— A new Melanoplus (Acrididae) of the texanus series. [10] 34': 153-155, ill. HEMIPTERA.— *Barber, H. G.— A new Sciocoris from Texas (Pentatomidae). [10] 34: 149-150, ill. de Long & Davidson. — Some new species of Eug'nathodus (Cicadel- lulae). [43] 33: 55-58. Lowry, P. R. -- Cicadellidae leaf- hoppers of New Hampshire. 1 43 | 33: 59-89. Takahashi, R. -Two new species of Eulachnus del Guercio (Aphididae). [10] 34: 150-153. LEPIDOPTERA. — *Hayward, K. J. --New forms of Pieris phileta (Pieridae). [105] 2: 434-437. Hoffmann, F. — Beitrag zur geographischen verbreitung der neotrop- ischen Syntomiden. [14] 46: 213-215. Hoffmann, F. - Ueber den lichtfang von Heteroceren in der siidbrasilia- nischen Serra. [17] 50: 6-8, cont. * Jones, W. W. — The description and biology of Nepticula braunella new species (Nepticulidae), a species of leaf miner on Primus ilicifolia and the variety integrifolia. [67] 6: 49-78, ill. *Meyrick, E. -- Exotic microlepidoptera. 4: 321-352. Michael, O. - Bemerkungen iieber Agrias. [14] 46: 215. *Prout, L. B.— New exotic Geometridae. (S). [Nov. Zool.] 38: 103-126. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ''•Richards & Thomson. — A contribution to the study of the genera Ephestia (including Strymax), and Plodia (Phyci- tidae), with notes on parasites of the larvae. (S). [36] 80: 169-250, ill. Schiitze, K. T. — Die biologic der kleinschmet- terlinge. Frankfurt am Main. 1931. 235 pp. Spitz, R. - Catalogo das collec5es dos macrolepidopteros do Museu Paulusta. com annotacoes, ate 1929. [Rev. Mus. Paulista| 17: 833-893. DIPTERA. — *Fischer, C. R. - - Urn genero e duas es- pecies novas de Rhopalomeridae do Brasil, e o pupario de Willistoniella pleuropunctata. [105] 2: 441-450, ill. Goffe, E. R. — Meigen "Nouvelle Classification des Mouches a deux Ailes" 1800. [Trans. Ent. Soc. So. England] 8: 58-64. Hodson, W. E. H. — The large narcissus fly, Merodon equ- estris (Syrphidae). [22] 23: 429-448, ill. Macfie, J. W. S.- Ceratopogonidae from the wings of dragonflies. [101] 75: 265-283, ill. *Malloch, J. R. — A new genus of diopsid-17ke Diptera (Periscelidae). (S). [Stylops] 1: 266-268, ill. COLEOPTERA. — *Borgmeier, T. - - Dois novos cole- opteros ecitophilos do Brasil ( Staphylinidae). [105] 2: 397- 401, ill. *Boucomont, A. --Synopsis des Onthophagus d'Amerique du Sud (Scarab.). [24] 101: 293-332. *Bouco- mont, A. — Genre nouveau et especes nouvelles ou peu con- nues de Bolbocerini. [-Scarabaeidae] . (S). [25] 37: 262-268. *Horn, W. — Ueber die bewertung der ausseren geschlecbt>- merkmale fur die systematik und neues iiber neotropische Odontochilae (Cicind.). [105] 2: 401-410, ill. *Liebke, M. -Die Galerita-arten des Rio de la Plata-Stromtales ( Cara- 1 idae). 1 105] 2: 415-420. *Melzer, J.— Xovos generos e novas especies de Cerambycideos do Brasil (Cerambycidae). [105] 2: 420-434, ill. *Mequignon, A.— Sur les Ch'elonari- inn des Antilles avec descriptions d'especes nouvdles (Myrrhidae). [25] 37: 243-246. *Obenberger, J.--Neue neotropische Trachydinen. Eine serie von neuen neotro- pischen Agrilusarten. ( Buprestidae). [Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol.] 4: 233-239; 239-262. *Spaeth, F. -- Ueber die mit Metriona erratica verwandten arten (Chrvsom. Cass.). | Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol.j 4: 263-270. Vandel, A.- -La .-panandrie, la parthenogenese geographique et la polyploi- die (?) chez les Curculionides. [25] 37: 255-256. HYMENOPTERA.— Borgmeier, T.— Leptogenys crude- lis IM-. Smith, 185S (Formicidae). [105| 2: 485. *Cockerell, T. D. A.— Rocky Mountain bees. IV. [40] No. 595: 3 pp. *Conde, O. — Cimbicinen aus dem Museu Paulista (Ten- thred.). [105] 2: 437-441, ill. *Santschi, F.— Quelqucs four- mis inedites de l'Amerique centrale et Cuba. | 105] 2: 410- 414, ill. 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '33 IN DAYS AGONE. Notes on the Fauna and Flora of Sub- tropical Florida in the Days When Most of Its Area was a Primeval Wilderness. By W. S. BLATCHLEY, Author of "The Coleoptera of Indiana," etc. The Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis, 1932. 338 pp., 15 half-tone plates, chiefly of landscapes. $2.00, postage extra. — This book "deals mainly with the distribution and habits of the more interesting forms of plant and animal life which I saw during six trips made between the years 1911 and 1922 into extreme southern Florida. From the great mass of material in my field note books I have sorted out such facts of scientific interest as I thought would be of value and have brought them together in permanent form. Especially have I given the exact type locality and local habitat of many of the more than 200 new species of Coleoptera and 50 new species of Heteroptera whi- h I have described from Florida. I mention also the stations and conditions under which many of the rare forms described by others may be taken." The book is written in diary form and arranged under six chapters of unequal length : I Around the coasts of southern Florida— 1911 (pp. 9-169), II The Okeechobee Wilderness- 1913 (pp. 170-254), III Again the Okeechobee Wilderness- 1918 (pp. 255-270), IV The Southern tip of the United States -1919 (pp. 271-297), V The lower west coast and Ten-thou- sand Islands— 1921 (pp. 298-315), VI Okeechobee for the last time — 1922 (pp. 316-331). Many an observation on plant and bird, fish and reptile, and not forgetting the human species, is met as one turns the pages. No one who has visited Florida, or any region with a similar biota, can fail to be interested by them. The insects which receive most attention are the Coleop- tera, Heteroptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera ; they are men- tioned usually under their technical names and not infrequently brief descriptive notes enable the reader, who picks them up in the localities described, to identify them. Other aspects of nature are not neglected and we conceive that the volume may be very useful as a naturalist's guide. We wish, however, that it had a table of contents, a map and a fuller index, in which all the specific and generic names were entered. These addi- tions would enable one to find again, much more quickly than can now be done, many a species whose identity is concealed under a familv name in the index. — P. P. CALVERT. OBITUARY. With deep regret we record the death of EDWARD BRUCE WILLIAMSON, student of the Odonata, at Ann Arbor. Michigan, on February 28, 1933, as the result of a severe paralytic stroke on February 17. EXCHANGES This column is extended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods and service for sale. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — October, 1919, and December, 1919, copies of Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Cash. Harriet A. Wick- wire, 55 Tompkins St., Cortland, N. Y. Wanted for Cash or Exchange — Uncommon species of North American Lepidoptera. Several of each kind. D. V. Brown, Pleas- anton, California. Butterflies — Desire correspondence from Western United States, Canada and Alaska. Will exchange rare California material for specimens from .your locality. Lloyd M. Martin, P. O. Box 52, Roscoe, California. Exchange — Local Venezuelan (South America) species of lepidop- tera offered in exchange for North American species. Oscar Zuloaga, P. O. Box 263, Caracas, Venezuela. Exchange. — Desire Lepidoptera, particularly specimens and data of Wisconsin and U. S. Catocala. Exchange for same. Wm. E. Sicker. 46 Breeze Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin. Will buy or exchange — Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring Insects from Tennessee. Will collect there during June-September, in all orders. Correspondence solicited. B. Benesh, 107 Argonne Drive, North Chicago, 111. Wanted — West Coast Geometrids for cash or in exchange for California Butterflies. Edward Guedet, P. O. Box 305, Napa, Calif. Wanted — Western species of Bumblebees, all three castes; also Psithyrus and Catocala. A. P. Morse, Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass. Will Buy Agromyzidae from North, South, Central America and the West Indies. Special prices for reared material with host records and pressed specimens of mines. S. W. Frost, Arendtsville, Penn- sylvania. Wanted — Hypenids and other quadrifid Noctuids from all parts of >'<>rth America by exchange or purchase. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., Dent. Biology, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester. X. Y. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring insects from Wisconsin. Will collect in all orders from May to October. Corres- pondence invited. George Kettler, Platteville. Wis. native Florida Butterflies and Moths spread for Riker Mounts or in papers. Also make up Riker Mounts to order. Chrysalids and Larvae. MRS. LESLEY E. FORSYTH, Florida City, Florida. NOW READY Our New and Complete Catalogue of Entomological Supplies and Equipment. Listing the largest and most practical and complete stock of Entomological Supplies and Equipment available in the world. Many new articles of collecting and museum equipment, designed by the foremost entomologists in the country, are now available for the first time. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects by ALEXANDER B. KLOTS, Ph. D. One copy of the above will be distributed gratis to everybody on our mailing list; additional copies may be obtained at 15 cents each, postpaid. Indo-Australian Coleoptera A large collection of very beautiful and desirable species, many of them never before offered for sale by any entomological dealer, is now available. All specimens have full and accurate data, and have been named by one of the foremost Coleopterists of Australia. Write for price-list. Specimens of Economic Insects for Pest Collections Several hundred species are now available ; more are being sent in daily. Ward's is the only source of supply in North America for such material, for : Economic Entomologists, Colleges of Agriculture, Experiment Stations, Etc. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc., P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station ROCHESTER, N. Y., U. S. A. The Frank A. Ward Foundation of Natural Science of the University of Rochester \A7 A NTP P) Sphingidae, Saturnidae, Hemileucidae, Ceratocampi- VVrMi 1 C \-J dae. erfect specimens of desirable species ot the above C C\ D f~* A Q {-I from any part of North or South America. Desire I V-^'iN V>r\Ori specimens from the Southern, Middle-Western, South Western and Pacific Coast States. Single specimens of rare or unusual species, varieties and abnormal examples are particularly wanted. Collectors in any locality having anything to offer, write JOHN M. GEDDES, 331 High Street, Williaiusport, Pennsylvania, U. S. A. BUTTERFLY WHEN YOU SELL YOUR COLLEC- TRANSITION FORMS TIONS, SELL THESE KINDS OF AND "FREAKS" SPECIMENS SEPARATELY. WANTED THEY BRING MORE. JEANE D. GUNDER, 310 LINDA VISTA AVENUE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Morphos from French Guiana, etc , 10 species 20 specimens, including Hecuba, Khetenor, Cypris, etc., $6.00. Fine bred Urania riphaeus, large $2.00 dozen, small $1.50 dozen. Very fine Indian butterflies in papers, many Papilibs, Charaxes, Delias, etc., $500 per 100. British Diurnals, 100, 50 species, named $3 00. British Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, 250,000 specimens, named, cheap lots: 500 species 3 cents each, 1000 species 5 cents each Lists from A. FORD, Entomologist, 42, Irving Road, Bournemouth, England. _ . , North American Butterflies. New price list ready containing over 500 species and varieties. Send for copy. HAL NEWCOMB, So. Pasadena, California. FORMOSAN INSECTS FOR SALE. Thousands of insects of all orders, especially butterflies and beetles, from Formosa, Japan and the Loochoo Islands for sale. Large numbers of species available. Am planning to make another trip to Formosa this summer. Will collect desired groups. J. LINSLEY GRESSITT, General Delivery, Stanford University, California. RECENT LITERATURE FOB SALE BT THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. COLEOPTERA 862.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Melyridae Number Four. (Trans., 50, 313-318, 1925) 20 961.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Melyridae Number Ten. (Trans., 57, 325-331, 1 pi., 1932) 20 963.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Tenebrionid tribe Scau- rini: a monographic revision of the Eulabes. (Trans., 58, 35-101, 6 pis., 1932) 1.50 DIPTERA. 962. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.). — Studies in the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper 4. (Trans., 58, 1-34, 1932) 65 965. — Painter (R. H.). — A monographic study of the genus Geron Meigen as it occurs in the United States (Bom- byliidae). (Trans., 58, 139-167, 2 pis., 1932) 60 ORTHOPTERA. 964. — Rehn, (J. A. G.). — New or little known Neotropical Blattidae, No. 3. (Trans., 58, 103-137, 2 pis., 1932) 75 967. — Hebard (Morgan). — New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. (Trans., 58, 201-371, 5 pis., 1932) 3.50 LEPIDOPTERA 966. — Bell (E. L.). — Studies in the genus Phocides with descrip- tions of new species (Hesperiidae). (Trans., 58, 169- 199, 5 pis., 1932) 75 GENERAL 3201.— Dietz (W.G.).— Obituary by Marjorie Dietz Bachelor. Bibliography by E. T. Cresson, Jr. (Ent. News, 43, 279-282, 1932) .20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS APRIL, 1933 Vol. XLIV No. 4 CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863-1932. CONTENTS Segal — The Hind Wings of Some Dryopidae in Relation to Habitat (Coleoptera) Needham — A Corduline Dragonfly from Mexico (Odonata) Thomas— Prothetely in an Elaterid Larva (ColeopJ Rudkin— A New Lycaeuid Transition Form (Lepid.).. . Needham — New Records of Odonata for the United States . . . Friday — Society Reduces Dues Herrick— An Unusual Invasion of the Clothes Moth, Tineola bisselliella Townsend— Note on Anopheles of the Nyssorhynchus Group (Diptera: Culicidae) . Fall— Agonoderus pallipes Lee. (Coleop.: Carabidae) . Frost — Correction (Hymen.: Sphecidae) Miller — Several Species of Oak Aphids from Massachusetts (Homop. Aphiidae) Request for Bibliographies Entomological Literature 108 Cresson — Ward's Entomological Bulletin" Ill Review— Waterhouse's What Butterfly is That ? 112 85 88 91 97 98 98 99 101 105 107 PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. Act of October 3, 1917, authorued January IS, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. 1'hilip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., R. G. 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The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-fiTe copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; creater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. Printed covers for 50 copies, $4.00 or more, according to number of pages bound. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XLIV. Plate III. 1-HELICHUS (DRYOPS) FASTIGIATUS SAY. 2-LIMNIUS ELEGANS LECONTE. S-STENELMIS CRENATUS SAY. -SEGAL. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XLIV. APRIL, 1933 No. 4 The Hind Wings of Some Dryopidae in Relation to Habitat (Coleop.). By BERNARD SEGAL, Rochester, New York. (Plate III.) The small aquatic beetles of the family Dryopidae are re- markable in their habits as well as in their morphology. A study of the structure of the hind wings of these beetles reveals some interesting facts. They occur within the family in three types: 1) fully developed. 2) reduced. 3) vestigial. A direct correspondence was found between the type of the wing and the habitat of the species. The fully developed hind wing is elongate and rounded at the apex. The entire surface is thickly clothed with fine fixed hairs, or aculeae. These are seen under the microscope to cover the wing membrane as well as the veins. The outer mar- gin is fringed with longer and thicker hair. These can be seen with the naked eye forming a border from the anal angle to the mid-apical angle. Their bases of insertion are annular, thus distinguishing them from the surface hairs. The fringe-setae are longest at the anal angle and decrease in size as they ap- proach the apex. The fully developed wing consists of two distinct areas, the venation area occupying the proximal 2/3 of the wing, and the clear, transparent, apical area. The limits of these two areas are marked by a slight constriction on the costal margin, and a deeper incision on the outer margin. The venation of the hind wing is of the Cantharid type. Using Forbes' system of vein nomenclature, and compared with the hind-wings of European species of Dryopidae figured by Forbes (1922) and by Kempers (1900), the venation may be interpreted as follows: 1. Costa, subcosta and radius all arise separately at the base of the wing, run independently for a short .distance and then 85 APR 15-933 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 crowd closely together towards the costal margin, and termi- nate roundly as a thick vein at the end of the venational area of the wing. 2. Radial sector is atrophied at the base and appears as a recurrent segment of the radius near the distal end of the venation area. 3. Media has also lost its base but is somewhat longer than Rs. It starts at about the mid-venation area, and bends towards the outer margin of the wing. But before reaching the margin it coalesces with cubitus forming a loop. 4. Cubitus originates at the base and runs obliquely across the venation area toward the outer margin, where it joins media before reaching the margin. 5. Four anal veins are usually present, but these vary and offer difficulties in tracing their courses. 6. Cross-vein R-M obliquely joins radial sector and media. 7. There are usually two irregular dark spots in the apical area which are probably traces of lost veins. In the reduced type of wing, the clear apical area is shortened or lost entirely, and the anal veins are decreased in number and less distinct. Based on the degree of development of the hind wings, the genera of Dryopidae would be grouped in the following man- ner: 1. Hdichns (Dryops} with the most fully developed wings in all its species is evidently the most primitive and should be placed at the beginning of the series. 2. Limnius should follow, with fully developed wings in the three species occurring in New York, with fewer and more abbreviated anal veins than in Hclichus. 3. Helmis with at least one species, Hchms quadrinotatns, having individuals with short wings. The reduction consists, besides the loss of the clear apical area, in the disappearance of the cross vein, and a further decrease in the number of the anal veins. 4. Stenelmis, with the most common species, in our locality, Stenelmis crcnatus Say, having vestigial wings. Specimens of this species were collected at different seasons and situations, and more than 100 beetles were examined for their hind wings. xllv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 5. Macron\chus with the only species that occurs in New York, M. (jlabratu-s Say, reaching the highest degree of de- gradation. The hind wings of this species are short, rounded, scale-like rudiments. I because of the lack of Anc \ron\.\- in our vicinity, no great number of specimens were available for dissection. The few that were examined, however, exhibited the same rudimentary type of hind wings as that found in Macronyclnis. None of the species of Dryopidae are known to take wing, although their nearest relatives, Psephcnus lecontii of the fam- ily Psephenidae, and Lara avara, of the family Laridae, fly with great agility. Considering the habits of the Dryopidae, one is led to the following conclusions : These insects at first retreated into swiftly running waters; gradually they became adapted to quiet waters, and with it lost use of wings. Psephcnus inhabits torrents and rapids. It is also found on overhanging bushes and emerging stones. Lara is found riding the current on logs in swift, cold streams (Darlington, 1929). Both of these can fly as well as swim. Hclichns, Limnius, and Hclmis are dwellers of the underside of stones and logs in small creeks, while Machronychus and Anc\ron\.\- have retreated into quiet waters, ponds, and swamps. The dangers of the quick-running current necessitates the use of the wing. The further adaptation was in the direction of going into safer waters, under stones, and the ability to retain the air supply for a longer period, thus being able to live in the safety of the pool and among the stones and pebbles on the bottom of streams and creeks. This new habitat shifted the function of locomotion from the wings to the legs, and those species with the most reduced wings have the longer legs. A study of the larval forms bears witness to the way in which their adaptability to aquatic life advanced. Those species that are found in the riffles and having fully developed wings have, in the larval stage, laterally prolonged lobes on the body segments. These lobes are used to hold fast to the stones. They decrease as the habitat changes from swift running to quiet waters. The larval form ranges from the limpet-shaped Psephcnus and Hcliclnts to the nearly circular larvae of Ancyronyx. 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 The trend of adaptation, then, has been: 1. From semi-aquatic to fully aquatic habitat. 2. From the dangers of swiftly running, to the safety of quiet waters. 3. Loss of wings and increase in length of legs and claws. 4. Change in body structure of larvae, from circular, limpet-shaped, or lobed, to round, worm-like. LITERATURE CITED. DARLINGTON, P. J., JR., 1929. On the Dryopid beetle genus Lara, Psyche, Vol. XXXVI, pp. 328-331. FORBES, W. M. T., 1922. The wing-venation of the Coleoptera. Ann. Ent. Soc. of Amer., Vol. XV, pp. 328-345. KEMPERS, K. J. W., 1900. Het Adersystem cler Keverlengels. Tyd. voor Ent., Vol. XLIII, p. 192." WEST, L. S., 1929. Life history notes on Psephcints Iccoiifci Lee. Battle Creek College Bull., Vol. Ill (No. 1). EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Fig. 1. Hind wing of H elicit us fastif/iatits Say. Fully devel- oped type. Fig. 2. Hind wing of Lhnnins clcgans LeConte. -Fully devel- oped, fringed. Fig. 3. Hind wing of Stcncliuis crciiatns Say. Reduced type. A Corduline Dragonfly from Mexico (Odonata). By JAMES G. NEEDHAM, Cornell Unversity, Ithaca, New York. In a small collection of insects, that was made incidentally to a botanical excursion in Mexico by Dr. L. H. McDaniels of Cornell University, there was a single dragonfly, which, by rare chance, is the first Corduline dragonfly to be recorded from that country. It is a fine male specimen of a new species of the genus Gomphomacromia. The rarity of neotropical Cordulines (and of Macromiines as well) has been noted by Dr. Calvert (Biol. Centr. Amer., Neuropt., pp. 197-8, 1908), Dr. Ris (Archiv. of Naturg. 82:174. 1916), and others. The range of Gomphomacroinia is along the backbone of the continent. The type species is the anti- podean G. parado.vo Brauer, coming from Chile ; G. falla.v McL. is central, coming from Ecuador and adjacent parts of Brazil; while this new species is northern. Other species that in times past have wrongly been placed in Gomphomacromia have gradu- xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89 ally been eliminated, the last one Ncocordulia rol.rcuii Selys, by myself in Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1 : 279, 1908, where I also showed the affinities of this genus to be with Cordulines rather than with Macromiines. The three species are readily separable by color characters, as follows : 1. Front of synthorax blackish, with a pair of distinct oblong antehumeral yellow spots parado.va Front of synthorax brown with a yellow longitudinal stripe on the miclclorsal carina, and without distinct antehumeral pale spots 2 2. Abdominal segments 9 and 10 in the male black above, fallax Abdominal segments 9 and 10 in the male yellow above, mexicana, n. sp. Gomphomacromia mexicana sp. n. Length 45 ; expanse 58 ; abdomen 33 ; hind wing 27. This is a slender blackish species, having the thorax striped and the abdomen spotted with yellow. Face olivaceous, darker across the middle of the labrum, and lighter on the broadly concave prominence of the frons. Labium yellowish. A black cross stripe through the ocelli runs narrowly down the rear of the frons along the margin of the eyes to the blackish mandibles. The low transversely depressed vertical tubercle is brown. Occiput brown, paler in the middle and fringed on the margin with long tawny hairs. This fringe is continued down the carina at the rear of the eyes, the hairs becoming whitish. Rear of head black except on the occiput, and a small spot below the lateral eye tubercle. Prothorax blackish above with a yellow transverse front border. Synthorax blackish, clothed in front with long tawny hairs. The ridges of carina, crest and collar are narrowly yellow. There is an obscure, pale brownish area before the humeral suture, and there are two broad yellow oblique bands each side, one beneath each wing. Wings hyaline, a little flavescent at base and with black veins and stigma. Ante- and postnodals forewing 7:8 and hind wing 5:9, with those in the area Rl near the stigma becoming oblique, and the first of the two cross veins under the stigma simulating a true brace vein. There is an extra bridge crossvein (two in all). There are no planatcs. The triangles are free from cross veins. Beyond the triangle in the front wing are first two rows then one row ( for most of the distance), then a rapidly increasing number of rows of cells where veins M4 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 and Cul rapidly and widely diverge to the wing margin. There are three cubito-anal cross veins (counting the one that bounds the uncrossed subtriangle) in the fore wing, and two in the hind wing. The triangle in the hind wing is a little beyond the arculus, and the sectors of the arculus are short stalked, and about equally stalked, in both wings. The anal loop is not f ootshaped, lacking the toe : it is short, composed of six cells in two rows that are separated by an ill-defined and very zig- zag midrib. The male anal triangle is two-celled and bordered by a gray membranule. The legs are black, with the under side of the front femur yellow. The claws appear bifid at tip, the stout inferior tooth being almost at the apex. The abdomen is quite slender, slightly thickened on a few segments at both ends. Segments 1 and 2 are thinly clad with long tawny hairs, and 10 and appendages with shorter denser black hairs. The color is blackish with a pair of submedian dorsal yellow spots on segments 2-7, large on 3 and 7, small on 2 and 4-6 : dorsum of 9 and 10 mostly yellow ; apical border of 1 olivaceous ; sides of 2 beneath and the broad platelike hamules, yellowish. Appendages black, as long as segments 9 and 10 together, the superiors regularly decurving to their obtuse and slightly dilated tips, which lie in the wide apical notch of the broad plate-like, slowly upcurving inferior. The latter is concave and shining above, convex and hairy beneath. There is a slight pale angulation of the under side of the superiors near the middle. This species is near G. falla.r. It agrees with that species and differs from G. paradoxa in larger size, in having five or six cross veins between the oblique vein and the apparent brace vein at the stigma (postnodals of the second series), where that species usually has three ; also, in having the triangle of the hind wing more distant from the arculus, and the origin of vein A2 more distant from the anal crossing (Ac). This species differs from G. falla.v in the large pale yellow campanulate spots that nearly cover the dorsum of abdominal segments 9 and 10 and in the form of the superior appendages of the male, these being in G. mc.vicana longer, much more strongly decurved to their blunt clavate tips. Type C. U. No. 1127. A single male specimen collected by Professor L. H. MacDaniels at Teotlhuacan, MEXICO, on July 26, 1921, and now in the Cornell University collection. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91 Prothetely in an Elaterid Larva (Coleop.).* By C. A. THOMAS, Pennsylvania State College. In the spring of 1930 the writer dug up from his garden a number of larvae of Monocrepidius Hindus DeG., a rather com- mon wireworm in southeastern Pennsylvania. These larvae were placed in a cellar, in individual salve cans, and remained there throughout the remainder of their larval existence, or until they pupated in midsummer. The temperature of the cellar during this perio . gradually rose from 55° F. to 72° F., but at no time was it warmer than the latter temperature. Pupation among this lot of M. Uriel its larvae began in mid- June, and they had all, except one, pupated by mid-August. Although this individual was apparently under practically the same conditions of temperature, soil moisture, food, etc., as the others, it had not shown any indication of going into the pupal stage when examined on August 25. At the next exami- nation on September 8, however, it was found that this larva had molted. Instead of a normal pupa, however, there was found an abnormal individual combining some characters of the pupa with those of the larva. An examination of the literature showed that this phenomenon is very rare among Elaterid larvae, only one other case, that by Hyslop (1916) having been recorded, although it is occasionally found among larvae of other families and orders, as noted in the appended list of references. Since this phenomenon is so rare, this specimen is here described and figured in detail : Head. Mouthparts apparently normal in shape and size, and typically larviform, except for a slight distension of the mem- branes of the palpi. Antennae larviform, slightly distended. Mandibles normal. A pigmented, pupiform eye arises from a pigmented area on each side of the head, just behind the base of the antenna (fig. 3). These eyes closely resemble those of the Alclaiwtits larva described by Hyslop. Thorax. Prothorax normal throughout, without any disten- sion of the membranes. Mc-so- and metathorax each with a * Publication authorized by the Director of the Pennsylvania Agricul- tural Experiment Station, January 16, 1933, as Technical Paper No. 578. 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 pair of sac-like wing pads, somewhat ptipiform, but shorter and more bag-like, and without any indication of the striation found in the normal pupal wing. The mesothoracic wings are more than twice the size of the metathoracic wings. All wings seem to rise directly from the integument of these segments, with no visible sutures (figs. 1 and 2). Fig. 1- — Ventral view: Details of eyes, extended palpi and antennae, legs and wing-pads. Fig. 2 — Dorsal: Eyes and comparative size of wing-pads. Fig. 3 — Lateral view of head, showing the "eye". Legs. The trochanters and coxae of all legs are larviform except that the heavy chitinous bristles or spines of the pro- ancl mesothoracic coxae are very much reduced in size and number ; those of the metathoracic legs are about normal for the larva. Femora of all legs larviform, but membraneous and without spines except on the metathoracic legs. Tibiae pupi- form on all legs. Tarsi pupiform, except for the prothoracic legs (fig. 1). Abdomen. Entirely larviform, except that the row of bristles on the under side of the tenth segment is greatly re- duced in size and number. No papillae are found on any of the segments (plate 1). xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93 The molted skin from which this specimen emerged shows no unusual developments of any portion of the body or legs. With only one sir:h abnormal specimen at hand, it is impos- sible to prove a definite cause for this phenomenon. As noted above, the lot of larvae containing this specimen was not ex- posed to any temperature higher than 72° F. during the sev- eral months they were in the cellar. Hence high temperature can probably be ruled out in this instance, as the larvae are often exposed to considerably higher temperatures than this outdoors. Plenty of food was supplied to all members of this lot of larvae. Although the soil moisture was not accurately measured, there surely were other cultures which had approxi- mately the same moisture content as that in which this abnor- mal specimen appeared. Such larvae undoubtedly encounter great extremes of soil moisture and temperature in the field, although, of course, they are generally able to leave very dry soil and go into the moister soil below. I have never seen this abnormality among many thousands of larvae outdoors, and it is interesting to note that practically all of the instances of this phenomenon described in the literature were among larvae being reared under artificial conditions. The following list of references to the records of this phe- nomenon among insect larvae is appended in the hope that it may be of use to others interested : REFERENCES. BATAILLON, E. — 1893 — La Metamorphose du ver a soie et le determinisme evolutif. Bull. Scient. France et Belgique, vol. 30, p. 18. Stated that the accumulation of COo is a controlling factor in bringing about metamorphosis. Any artificial condition which would vary activity of the enzymes or change the con- centration of the COi> would alter the phenomena concerned in metamorphosis, and thus might cause these abnormalities. BARBER, H. S. — 1914 — Prothetely or semi-pupal stage in I.opheros fratcnnts Rand. Psyche, XXI, p. 190. Some individuals bn night indoors and kept at abnormally high temperatures became prothetelous. He believed that cer- tain phases of metamorphosis were hastened while other phe- nomena remained unaltered. Bovixc, A. G. — 1906 — Bidrag til kundskaben om Donaciin larveneres natur-historie, p. 241, Copenhagen, Denmark. 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 Transl. into English-Sonderabd. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. Hydro- graph, p. 101, 1910. Recorded an abnormal Donaciid larva (Coleoptera). BUSCK, A. — 1897 — Larvae of Anthrcnus varius showing wing pads. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 4, p. 123. Found six larvae of A. varius showing this phenomenon. CARPENTER, G. H. — Insect Transformation, p. 257. Methuen & Co., London. Stated that such precocious appearance of wing rudiments is instructive because if we accept these abnormalities as ex- amples of reversal to an old ancestral condition, we conclude that among the ancestors of primitive endopterygote insects, wing rudiments appeared outwardly before the pupal stage in the life history. CHAPMAN, R. N. — 1926 — Inhibiting the process of meta- morphosis in the Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusmn Duval.). Journ. Exptl. Zoology, vol. 45, p. 293. Experiments showed that abnormalities in his T. confusum larvae were associated with an undetermined gas produced by the adult when it was irritated, although this probably was not the only cause. Only 10% of the larvae exposed to this gas showed abnormalities, and none were found among the con- trols. Mature larvae emerged with a combination of larval and pupal structures, and pupae emerged as deformed adults. The phenomenon seems to be Metathetely. DAWSON, R. W. — 1931 — Report of two cases of metathetely in Polyphemus larva (Tclca polyphcmus Cramer). ENT. NEWS, XLII, p. 125. Two metathetelous larvae of T. polyphcmus appeared from eggs incubated at 25° C. for 11 days, then exposed to pro- gressively declining temperatures for periods of 3 to 5 days. Dawson suspected a causal connection with the descending temperatures. The head capsule, mouth parts and antennae were distended ; the thoracic legs and prolegs partly so. DEWITZ, J. — 1905 — Untersuchungen uber die Verwandlung der Insektenlarven. II. Archiv fur Anat. u. Physiol., Physio- logische Abt., Suppl. Band, p. 389. Believed that enzymes are not present in the egg, but begin to develop in the young larva, reaching greatest activity in the larva about ready to pupate. After pupation, enzyme activity diminishes until the adult, like the egg, exhibits no activity of these particular enzymes. HAGEN, H. A.— 1872— Stettin. Ent. Ztg., p. 392. Found Prothetely in larvae of silk worms, Boinbv.r inori. HEIN, S. A. A.— 1920, 1924— Studies on variation in the xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95 Meal Worm (Tenebrio molitor L.). Biological and genetical notes on T. molitor. Jonrn. of Genetics, vol. 10, p. 227. II— Variations in tarsi and antennae-Ibid. 1924, p. 1. Described T. molitor larvae with rudimentary wings. These were found only in individuals with abnormally long larval stages, in which pupation was delayed or inhibited. HEYMONS, R. — 1896 — Flugelbildung bei der Larve von Tenebrio molitor. Sitzungber. d. Ges. Nat. Fr., Berlin, p. 142. 1899 — The development of wings in the larvae of T. molitor. Entomologists Record, vol. 11, p. 67. Described winged larvae of T. molitor. Antennae had six segments rather than the normal four. Abdominal tergites and eyes resembled the pupal condition. HYSLOP, J. A. — 1916 — Prothetely in the Elaterid genus Melanotus. Psyche, XXIII, no. 1, 2 pi. Found a specimen of M. coin-munis Gyll. in this condition in the laboratory. He believed that an abnormal humidity at or shortly before the time of pupation was the causative stimulus of this phenomenon. This individual appeared during a period of minimum moulting immediately preceding a very aljrupt and extensive moulting period. It is predominately larviform, but with pupiform eyes and well developed, non-striated wing pads. "This case seems to be a carrying forward of larval characters into the pupal stage rather than a carrying back of pupal char- acters into the larval stages." KEMNER, A.— 1914— Ent. Tidsk. (Swedish), XXV, pt. 1-2, p. 87. KOLBE, H. J. — 1903 — Uber vorschnelle Entwickelung (Pro- thetelie). Allgem. Zeitsch. fur Ent., Bd. 8, p. 1-9, 25-30. Discussed premature development of imaginal antennae, maxillae and legs in larvae of Dendrolinus pini L. (Lepid.) He called this "Prothetelie," meaning "to run before com- pletion." Stated that the histoblasts of the abnormal organs had metamorphosed before the entire insect had completed its metamorphosis, resulting in a larva with the wings, maxillae and legs of a pupa. LENGERKEN, HANNS VON — 1924 — Prothetelie bei Coleopte- renlarven. Zoologischer An/ceiger, v. 58, p. 179, 323, 3 figs. PEYERIMHOFF, P. DE- - 1911 - - Sur tin cas de Prothetelie- Malthodcs batillifcr Cantharides. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. 327. PRUTHI, H. SINGH — 192-1 — Studies on insect metamorphosis. I. Prothetely in Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and other in- sects. Effects of different temperatures. Proc. Cambridge Philosoph. Soc. (Biol. Sciences), v. I, no. 3. p. 139. Stated that Prothetely had never been observed in true wire- worms, though not uncommon in Tenebrionid larvae. Believed 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 it due to retarded development. Factors promoting prothetely : I — Prolongation of larval life by keeping larvae at too high or too low temperatures ; II — Direct effect of temperature. The metamorphosis of the larva is inhibited, but there is a tendency for the pupal organs to appear at the proper time. Therefor these organs are not mature. Experiments showed that very high temperatures delayed the development and produced more abnormalities. The metamorphosis was inhibited, while the pupation was overdue, but there was a, tendency of the organs to appear at the proper time. Pruthi calls this Neoteny or in- hibited development. 1927 — Prothetely in insects. Nature, March 12. Summary of the same information as above. RILEY, W. A. — 1908 — The abnormal appearance of external wing buds in larvae of holometabolous insects. ENT. NEWS, vol. 19, p. 136. Riley found prothetelous larvae of a common Pyrochroid beetle, Dendroides canadcnsis, with the compound eyes and antennal segments of the adult partially developed. He sug- gested that this is not atavism, i. e., a harking back to the period when the larvae bore wings, but rather seems to be a premature development in which characters normally present in the pupal stage are present abnormally in the larva. SILVESTRI, F. — 1905 — Metamorfosi e Costumi della Lcbia scapularis. Redia, 11. Found a pro-nymphal stage with short external wing rudi- ment preceding the pupal stage in L. scapularis. This also occurs in some males of the parasitic Strepsiptera. STRICKLAND, E. H. — 1911 — Some parasites of Slmulium larvae and their effects on the development of the host. Biol. Bull., vol. 21, p. 302. Found that the action of the parasite somehow prevented the wing histoblasts from developing normally. He called this "Metathetely, or running behind completion," meaning that the whole insect had metamorphosed normally except for the wing pads, which were greatly retarded and reduced. He believed it due to keeping the larvae at abnormally high temperatures. This probably results in an increased supply of the enzymes which cause the histoblasts to develop. TRAGARDH, I. — 1912 — Fauna och Flora, p. 245. WILLIAMS, F. X. — 1914 — Prothetely in the Larva of Pho- turis pcniisyli'anicits DeG. Psyche, XXI, p. 126. Found P. pennsylvanicus larva with a pair of well-developed wing pads on the meso- and metathorax. These pads were de- veloped indoors under artificial conditions. Other larvae re- maining outdoors did not show this condition. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 97 A New Lycaenid Transition Form (Lepid.) By C. N. RUDKIN, San Marino, California. LYCAENA XANTHOIDES (Bdv.), tr. form gunderi, new tr. form. Lycaena .vanthoidcs (Boisduval) is described "from the mountains of California" by its author in part as follows: "Underneath of a russet gray, with a great number of black points . . ." (Dessous d'un gris roussatre, avec une infinite de points noirs . . .) (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (2), 10, 292, 1852.) Most specimens coincide roughly in this respect with the description, but in most examples the spots are somewhat gray- ish and are centered with minute white dots. (Examples of race luctuosa (Watson & Comstock) (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42, 453, 1920) from the type locality in the Tehachapi Valley, Kern County, California, nearly always have the dots of a brilliant black with the white centers entirely absent, although this characteristic is not noted by the authors in the original description.) Specimens of .rantJwidcs from other localities vary consider- ably in the intensity of the black markings of the secondaries, and occasional specimens turn up in which the black markings are entirely absent from the underside of the hind wings. Otherwise these specimens appear to be exactly the same as typical examples, except that the females of the type series have considerably less of the light markings on the upper sur- face of the primaries than the average of the species. Inter- mediate specimens are found in which some of the spots are completely absent while others are of full intensity. Holotypc $ July 16. 1932; Bouquet Canyon, Los Angeles Co., CALIFORNIA: AUotypc 9 June 1, 1921; same locality: both deposited in the type collection of the Academy of Sciences at San Francisco. Paratypes: 2 $ 's June 21, 1931 : 2 ' $ 's May 14. 1932: 2$ 's May 21, 1932: 1 $ May 26, 1932: 1 9 June 1, 1921 : 6 9 's May 26, 1932: all paratypes from same locality as the holotype and allotype. One pair of paratypes deposited in the Gunder collection at Pasadena, Calif. ; the remainder held in the author's collection. Classification : change of pattern ; immaculism, well developed. These transition forms represent the extreme development of a tendency to immaculism well-marked in this species, and also a] (parent in the nymotypical forms of several species of the Lycaeninae (Chrysophaninae of authors) and in transition 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 forms of other species of this sub-family. Melanifusism, the opposite tendency, of which this sub-family might theoretically be capable, has not yet come under my observation in this species. Named for Mr. J. D. Guilder of Pasadena, Calif. New Records of Odonata for the United States (Lblidae) I have a nymph of Miath\ria inarcclla sent me by Dr. W. L. McAtee from Florida. Being a nymph it is clearly a resident— not a storm-wind scatterling ; and this adds another genus to our known fauna. Dr. McAtee has obtained for me the following information concerning this specimen : It was collected about midway between Fort Pierce and Okeechobee, Florida, in a roadside ditch created by the con- struction of State Highway No. 8. This specimen was taken in a minnow seine while collecting fishes. The water was less than three feet deep and contained an abundance of bushy pondweed (Naias guadalupcnsis}. Short-nosed gar= ^un fishes warmouth bass, bullheads, and several species of killifishes were abundant in this ditch. The water was fresh at the time of this visit, but the presence of blue crabs (Callincctcs sp.) would indicate that it had been mixed with brackish water from the Fort Pierce end of the ditch at some fairly recent date. The collection was made March 23, 1932 by F. M. Uhler and A. L. Nelson of the Biological Survey. Also, I have seen a specimen of Dythemis vclox that was collected near Auburn Alabama. Hitherto I have not known of its occurrence eastward of Texas. J. G. NEEDHAM, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Society Reduces Dues. At its first monthly meeting for the year 1933, the Lorquin Entomological Society of Los Angeles, California, cut its an- nual membership dues exactly in half. A few years ago the dues of the Society were $2.50. This amount has gradually been reduced until now the yearly payment is only 50 cents, which is no more than enough to cover the cost of routine ex- pense. It has been found that this policy of low cost member- ship keeps older members from resigning and attracts new and younger members as well, especially during these times of ''depression." Present membership is 60. Average attend- ance 35. F. W. FRIDAY, Secy. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99 An Unusual Invasion of the Clothes Moth, Tineola bisselliella (Lepid.: Tineidae). By GLENN W. HERRICK, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Clothes moths have either become me ire abundant and more injurious during the past twenty years or householders have come to realize more keenly the depredations of the larvae. Nevertheless, we have not thought of this frail moth as hav- ing a tendency or indeed the capability of developing in enor- mous numbers even under most favorable conditions and then of migrating to dwelling houses at some distance from its breeding place. Given the proper conditions there is, however, no logical reason why clothes moths should not develop in swarms as do many other insects. Indeed our recent experi- ence with these moths indicates that an abnormal increase in the numbers of them comparable to the outbreaks of other insects is an accomplished fact. The following quotation from a letter of one of our correspondents will afford the setting for the incident, the sequel of which, to say the least, is interesting. ''In a recollection covering nearly 50 years, I cannot recall anything approaching the invasion of moth in my residence from which I am at present suffering, and I am very seriously concerned with the fear that hundreds of dollars' worth of damage may be done to various woolen fabrics in my house unless drastic measures are taken without delay. About two months ago, as nearly as I can recall it, we began noticing in the evening occasional moth millers flying in our living rooms and would usually try to kill them with the fly swatter or the hand. The number of these moth millers has grown steadily greater until at present we feel almost as though we were being overwhelmed with them. In a small entrance hall I have killed, evening after evening, 25 or 30 of them with a fly swatter as they would fly about or crawl over hats and coats hanging on the hat rack. I went to the expense of having a large cedar chest built and installed in an upstairs bedroom for my own rather exten- sive wardrobe, and have been verv careful at all times to keeo this tightly closed. I was alarmed recently to find that a num- ber of these millers had gained entrance and were crawling over several hundred dollars' worth of suits and overcoats with no regard whatever for the supposed repulsive properties of the cedar. I have three oriental rugs that at a fair appraisal are worth 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 close on to a thousand dollars. These are all employed in rooms where there is a flood of daylight on them at all times, and I have gone on the theory that the moth will not eat fabrics which are exposed to strong light. However, during the recent absence of Mrs. P. and myself, an employee ran a vacuum cleaner over these carpets after the house had been closed up for two or three days with the shades drawn, and said that he got an astonishing number of the moth in the vacuum cleaner ; so many that he dumped the bag from the vacuum cleaner on to an open fire and burned them." Further observation, at our suggestion, on the part of our correspondent disclosed the undoubted fact that the moths were entering the house from the outside particularly through the screen doors both at the front and at the back of the house. It also developed that the neighbors in the same block were suffering from a similar invasion of the moths. The whole situation appeared so unusual that a personal investigation seemed worth while. It developed in our investigation that a large warehouse which stood in this block about 150 feet back from the street and about the same distance from the back door of our corre- spondent's home was rumored to have some stored wool in one of the rooms. When the Superintendent of the warehouse had been found and consulted he confirmed the rumor and very courteously allowed us to make an examination of the wool. In one of the rooms 30 feet square and 9^2 feet high some 20 tons of raw wool, between 5000 and 6000 fleeces, were stored. The Superintendent assured us that some of the wool, prob- ably the larger part of it, had been in the warehouse for at least two years. Each fleece was simply rolled up and tied tightly with a string and then tossed into the pile. Here was raw, greasy unwashed wool heavily infested with the larvae of the common clothes moth, Tincola bissclliclla. The extent of the infestation of the wool was almost unbelievable. Living moths were crawling over the floors, dozens of them were at the two or three windows and scores were crawling and flying about the wool while everywhere were hundreds of dead ones. Many of the fleeces were practically destroyed, the outer layers of wool, at least, being reduced to a mass of brownish frass, webs and fragments of wool fibers. Those fleeces deep within the pile of wool were less injured apparently than those xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101 nearer the surface. No adequate estimate of the damage to the wool could be made without an examination of each fleece. The loss to the Produce Company can well be several hundred dollars. The interesting feature of the situation was the fact that the clothes moths, apparently overcrowded in their original breeding place, had begun to migrate outward to establish them- selves in less crowded situations. The moths had flown in large numbers to dwelling houses from 150 to 300 feet from the warehouse. At the same time, of course, they had become a serious menace to the households within the range of their dispersal. • <•> Note on Anopheles of the Nyssorhynchus Group (Diptera: Culicidae). By CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, Boa Vista (Rio Tapajos) Para, Brasil. While conducting a mosquito survey of Fordlandia, on the Rio Tapajos, it became necessary to distinguish the species of Anopheles in collected adult females. The key given by Dyar on page 427 of Mosquitoes of the Americas proved unsatis- factory when applied to hundreds of females of the six species of the Nyssorhynchus group abundant in individuals in and around the main settlement of Boa Vista. The following key was then devised and found to work quite satisfactorily in nearly every case for separation of females in absence of the males. 1. Fifth hind tar sal with black ring at base 2 Fifth hind tarsal lacking black ring 4 2. Fourth fore tarsal lacking white ring at tip, second hind tarsal at most scarcely over 1/3 and usually not over 1/4 black u»i'(/iisi 1 ). iS; K. Fourth fore tarsal tipped with white ring, second hind tarsal at least well over 1/3 black 3 3. Two largest costal black spots well separated. albiinciHus \Yd. Two largest costal black spots subconfluent, bacfniiaiini Petr. 4. Fourth fore tarsal tipped with white ring, second hind tarsal at least well over 1/3 black albitarsis La. Fourth fore tarsal lacking white ring at tip 5 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 5. Second hind tarsal much less than 1/2 black, two largest costal black spots well separated argyritarsis R. D. Second hind tarsal at least nearly 1/2 black, two largest costal black spots separated to subconfluent . . darlingi Root The employment in the above key of the character of the presence or absence of a terminal white ring on the fourth fore tarsal joint led at once to the discovery that tarsimaculatus Goeldi is a synonym of albimanus Wd. The tarsimaculatus of Howard, Dyar & Knab and subsequent authors is a distinct species without white ring on the fourth fore tarsal and the name gorgasi D. & K. is available for it. Goeldi's var. albipcs, for which he proposed the name tarsi- maculata, thus equals albimanus Wd. His var. albit arsis equals albit arsis La. Dr. G. Hagmann, of Santarem, who did the work on Os Mosquitos no Para under Goeldi's direction, con- firms my findings in the premises. Agonoderus pallipes Lee. (Coleop. : Carabidae). By H. C. FALL, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. In a review of Robert A. Staig's book on the Fabrician Types of Coleoptera in the Hunterian Collection at Glasgow Univer- sity (ENT. NEWS, Nov. 1931), the writer called attention to an obvious ambiguity or uncertainty as to the identity of Agonoderus pallipes. According to Staig this species is repre- sented by two specimens in the Hunterian Collection under the label "Carabus pallipes Fabr. MSS," the label as usual not being attached to the pin of either specimen, but gummed or pinned to the bottom of the box. The author says further- "The smaller specimen has one elytron wanting, the larger is without antennae. They correspond with Olivier's figure, but the larger one answers most nearly the description given by Fabricius and Olivier." He accordingly selects the larger specimen as the type and describes it as such. He then gives a separate descrip- tion of the smaller specimen, but if I remember rightly ven- tures no opinion as to the significance of the differences that appear in the two descriptions. The important differences are as follows. In the larger specimen (selected as the type) there are two supra-orbital xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 103 setae, the thorax is said to be orbicular with the sides very strongly rounded and with two marginal setae, the elytra are strongly striate punctate and the short scutellar stria is between the suture and the first long stria. In the smaller specimen there is only one supra-orbital seta, the thorax is roughly squar- ish with rounded hind angles, the sides less strongly rounded and with a single marginal seta, and on inquiry I learn from Mr. Staig that the elytral striae are impunctate and the scutellar stria lies between the first and second long striae. It is obvious from the above and other considerations that the smaller specimen is truly an Agonoderus, but that the larger one is widely separated generically therefrom because of the two supra-orbital setae, while the two lateral pronotal setae, the punctate elytral striae and the position of the scutellar stria would be quite anomalous in Agonoderus. In casting about for something answering to Staig's descrip- tion of the larger Fabrician specimen I hit upon Platynus lim- batus Say as a likely candidate. I accordingly sent Mr. Staig examples of this species together with Agonoderus pallipcs and A. comma as they have been interpreted by American students. As a further test for P. limbatus I called attention to the pres- ence of a mentum tooth and the tripunctate third elytral inter- space in this species ; points not mentioned in the Staig descrip- tion. After making careful comparisons Mr. Staig replied that in these latter respects as well as in all other essentials the larger Fabrician type agrees with the examples of P. limbatus sent and he has no doubt of their specific identity. He further con- cludes that the smaller Fabrician specimen is with reasonable certainty the same as Agonoderus comma as we understand it. If, as I suppose, the pronouncement of Staig constitutes type fixation, then our familiar Platynus limbatus Say becomes Platynus pallipcs Fab. It would now be of much interest to compare the smaller A. pallipcs of the Hunter Collection with the actual Fabrician type of A. comma as a test of the accuracy of our interpretation of the latter. Just where the type of comma is located is unknown to me, but I have urged Mr. Staig, as being more nearly on the ground, to have this com- parison made if possible. As yet I have no word from him on the matter. 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 Having determined that the Agonodcrus pallipcs of Fabri- cius is really Say's Platynus (Agonnm) limbatns, it becomes necessary to decide what name must now be used for our hitherto supposed pallipcs. In 1848' LeConte described his Agonodcrus dorsalis as dis- tinct from pallipcs as understood by him, his belief at that time being that comma Fab. was not different from lincola of the same author. Chaudoir. in May, 1868, (Rev. & Mag. de Zool., p. 164), declared that LeConte's pallipcs was not the pallipcs of Dejean (which he assumed to be that of Fabricius) and that the latter was the same as LeConte's dorsalis. For this reason he proposed the name Iccontci for the pallipcs of LeConte. In Dec., 1868 (Proc. Phila. Acad.) LeConte, reviewing our species of Agonodcrus, separates comma and pallipcs as follows: Hind angles of thorax rounded, scutellar stria long. . .comma. Hind angles of thorax scarcely rounded, scutellar stria short. pallipes. He suppresses his own dorsalis as a synonym of comma- and writes Iccontci Chaud. as a synonym of pallipcs Fab., thus ad- hering to his previous interpretation of pallipcs. From the above considerations it seems obvious that we must now substi- tute Chaudoir s name Iccontci for the species we have called pallipcs Fab. It should be stated that the name label "dorsalis" is at present attached to a Southern states specimen of Ice out ei (pallipcs sens Lee.) in the LeConte collection. LeConte's description and remarks however better fit the more northern comma, and it would seem certain that the name label has either been misplaced or was carelessly attached to the present speci- men by LeConte himself. Correction (Hymen.: Sphecidae). In my recent article "Disturbances in the domestic tran- quility of Chal\bion cacnilcnm (Hymen.: Sphecidae)" ENT. NEWS, Vol. XLIV: 51, 1933. I (-(infused the maker of the nest under observation. Scdiphron cacmcntarium was appar- ently the builder, not CJial\bion cacntlcnm as stated. Phil Ran, Ami. Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. XXI, No. 1 :25, 1928, points out that Chal\bion cacrulcum does not build its own nest, but opens the nest of Sccliphron cacmcntarium and substitutes its own prey and egg. — S. W. FROST, Arendtsville, Penna. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105 Several Species of Oak Aphids from Massachusetts (Homop.: Aphiidae). By FORREST W. MILLER, Department of Zoology, University of Pittsburgh. TUBERCULATUS PUNCTATELLA (Fitch) Aphis punctatclla Fitch, Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc. 14, p. 869. 1855. Color: — Apterous vivipara. — Entire body light yellow in color. Caucla, anal plate, antenna and legs concolorous with body. Alate vivipara. — Same color as aptera except tips of antennal segments III, IV. Y and base of VI and the tarsi are dark brown. Yeins of primary wings bordered with light fuscus; veins of secondary wings dark only at tips. Nymphs.— Same as the alate forms. Measurements: - - Alate vivipara. - - Body 1.84-2.00 mm. ; width through eyes .41 mm. ; hind tibia .85-. 97 mm. ; hind tarsus .11-. 13 mm.; antennal segment III-. 57-. 59 mm.; IV- .39-41 mm.; Y-.36-.42 mm.; VI-. 16 plus .76-. 79 mm.; cornicles .046 mm.; cauda .09-. 10 mm. Apterous female. — Body 1.23- 1.41 mm.; hind tibia .43-. 51 mm.; hind tarsus .09-. 12 mm.; antennal segments III-.20-.24 mm.; IV-.18-.20 mm.; V-.19-.22 mm; VI-. 11-. 13 plus .23-. 27 mm.; cornicle .03 mm.; cauda .09-. 10 mm. Rostrum extending just beyond prothoracic legs. Structural details: — Secondary sensoria round, flat number- ing 4-6 on III, none on other segments of alate viviparae ; absent in the apterous viviparae. Hairs blunt or slightly capi- tate .10-. 12 mm. long on the body and .02-.04 mm. long on the legs and antennae of the apterous forms ; much shorter and not modified at the tip in the alate forms. Cornicles. smooth, concave at the center. Cauda short, slightly knobbed at the center and the annal plate indented in the apterous forms. In the alate, cauda knobbed, hairy ; anal plate divided and hairy. In the alatae there are six pairs of tubercles on the dorsal part of the abdomen; the first are united at base, 1-3 have a single sensory hair on the apex, 4-6 smaller and with two hairs on apex. Two additional pairs of tubercles are located just an- terior to the cornicles about half way between the cornicle and the median dorsal row of tubercles. I'.oth have sensory hairs on apex. There are no lateral tubercles. Mediae of fore wing with 2nd fork .5 distance from the 1st fork to margin of wing. Collection: — On Oncinis uutcrocarpn, August 22, 1932, at Woods Hole. Massachusetts. Scattered over most of the under surface of the leaf, seldom found in groups. Ouite common 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 in this region. For further description of the alate female see Baker (1917). x NEOSYMYDOBIUS ALBASIPHUS (Davis) Symydobius albasiphus Davis, Canadian Ent. 46:7, p. 226. This species of aphid was collected upon Qucrcus palustris and Q. Macrocarpa in the region of Woods Hole, Massachu- setts on July 23, 1932. Most of the trees were heavily in- fested ; feeding taking place mostly upon the young stems and the petiole. All forms of this species have been described by Davis. The form collected in Massachusetts agrees in all cases with these accounts with the exception of segments V and VI of the antenna and the number of sensoria on III. Lengths of antennal segments as given by Davis are as fol- lows: Alate female.— V-.182-.20 mm.; VI-.122 plus .078-.096 mm. Number of sensoria on III, 7-8. Comparative lengths of form collected in Massachusetts : Alate female.— V-.l 58-. 161 mm.; VI-.105-.115 mm., plus .065-.069 mm. Number of sensoria on III, 8-10. MYZOCALLIS ALNI (DeGeer) Aphis alni DeGeer, Memoirs pour servir a 1'histoire des Insectes, Tome 3, p. 74. 1773. This species was first reported from the United States by Davis (1910) as occurring in Illinois, on the under sides of Alnus leaves. Granovsky (1928) describes all the various forms of the species and states that it is to be found only in Illinois, Oregon and British Columbia. Several specimens were collected upon Qucrcus inacrocarpa at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on August 20, 1932. MYZOCALLIS DISCOLOR (Monell). Callipterous discolor Monell, Bull. Geol. and Geog. Surv. U. S. v:l, p. 30, 1879. This aphid, with smoky wings, occurs rather commonly in the region of Woods Hole, Massachusetts where it was collected 1 Baker, A. C, Eastern Aphids. New or little known. Part II. Jour. Econ. Ent., 10:4, fig. 21. Xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107 upon oak, Qucrcus macrocarpa, from July 16, to September 1, 1932. The terminal filament of the sixth antennal segment of the forms collected is slightly longer (.27-. 30 mm.) than given for the species by Knowlton (1929).1 Also the number of sensoria on the third antennal segment is from 9-11 rather than from 2-6 as figured by Knowlton. This larger number of sensoria agrees well with Davidson (1920)2 who says that discolor has eight sensoria along the entire length of the seg- ment. MYZOCALLIS BELLA (Walsh). Aphis bclla Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., p. 299, Dec. 1862. Collections of this aphid were made upon Qucrcus macro- carpa and Q. ilicifolia. Feeding on both hosts takes place on the under side of the leaf along the veins. MYZOCALLIS PUNCTATA (Monell). Calliptcrus pnnctata Monell, U. S. Bull. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr. 5:1, page 30, 1879. This species was collected on various species of Qucrcus from June 28 to September 1, 1932, in the region of Woods Hole, Massachusetts. — ••• — Request for Bibliographies. We note in The Entomologist's Record of February, 1933, that Dr. Walther Horn has a "Request addressed to all entomol- ogists of the world to help the Deutsche Entomologische Jn- stitut build up a bibliographical card index for international reference." The card index is to contain all titles which have been published in all branches of entomology in the world since 1864. 1. All entomologists are requested to publish or to compile lists of all their own entomological publications and to present or to lend one copy of such lists to the Deutsche Entomologische Institut. Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. 2. The attention of all younger entomologists is drawn to the fact that it would be very useful to number their entomol- ogical publications consecutively. 1 Knowlton, G. F. 1929. Aphid notes from Utah. Pan-Pacific Ento- mologist 6:1, p. 39, fig. 5. 2 Davidson, W. M. 1920. A new Mysocallis (Aphididae) Canad. Ento- mologist 52 :6, pp. 176-177. 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 Entomological Literature COMPILED BY LAURA S. MACKEY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology "will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials published in our January and June issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for lOc. The number of, or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c. the latter within ( ) follows; then the pagination follows the colon : All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. *Papers containing new forms or names have an * preceding the author's name. (S) Papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Rec- ord, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. KJJTNote the change in the method of citing the bibliographical references, as explained above. Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed. GENERAL. — Curtis, W. P.— Meigen's "Nouvelle Classi- fication." [S] 69: 38-41. Donisthorpe, H.— On recording- entomological publications, [21] 45: 20-22. Evermann, B. W.— Obituary notice. By E. P. Van Duzee. [55] 9: 10. Flint, W. P. — Balancing the entomological program. [12] 26: 39-45. Heikertinger, F. — Ein besuch des V. Internation- alen Kongresses fur Entomologie in Paris. [79] 18: 227-244. Holland, W, J.— Obituary by A. Avinoff. [68] 77: 204-205. Jellison & Philip. — Faunae of nests of the magpie and crow in western Montana. [4] 65: 26-31. Quayle, H. J. — New quarters for work in entomology in the University of Cali- fornia at Riverside and Los Angeles. [12] 26: 288-291. ill. Rupp, F. — Noch etwas iiber insekten bei Homer. [14] 46: 225. Weiss, H. B. — The entomology of the "Orbis pictus" of John Amos Comenius together with notes on several early, American, entomological juveniles. [6] 40: 511-518. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Bauer, H.— Die histologie des ovars von Tipula paludosa. [94] 143: 53-76, ill. Beck, D. E. — Life history notes and a study of the effects of humidity on adult emergence of Rhagoletis suavis from pupae at a constant temperature (Trypetidae). [6] 40: 497-500, ill. Cros, A. — Forme des stigmaces chez les larves primaires des Meloidae et leurs modifications. [25] 37: 276-279. Hering, M. — Die fnrbe der Blattminen und verfarbungen minierter blatter. [Ent. Jahrb.] 1933: 78-81. Marcu, O. — Zur kenntnis der stridulationsorgane der gat- xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109 tung Limnoxenus (Hydrophilidae). Die geschlechtsunter- schiede der stridulationsorgane der Battling Epipoleus (Curculionidae). |34] 101 : 60-61; 178-179. ill. *Mukerji, D. -Description of a new species of Collembola and its anat- omy. fRec. Indian Mus.| 34: 47-79. ill. Pussard, R. — Con- tribution a 1'etude de la nutrition des Psyllides. Presence de gaines clans les tissus de la plante hote et son importance. 1 25] 37: 292-297, ill. Ressler, W. — Von einer unz \vrckmas- sigen instinkhandlung. [18J 26: 508-510. Rudolfs, W.- Studies on chemical changes during the life cycle of the tent caterpillar I M'dacosoma americana). [6] 4"0 : 481-488. Sherriffs, W. R. — The external anatomy of the spider. [The Hong Kong Nat.| 3: 216-221. ill. Smimov, E.— Zur ver- gleichenden morphologic der zeichnung bei den Coccinelli- den. [94] 143: 1-15, ill. Sweetman & Wedemeyer. — Fur- ther studies of the physical ecology of the alfalfa weevil, Hvpera postica. [84] "14: 46-60, i'll. Thienemann, A — Chironomiden-Metamorphosen. [34] 101: 81-90, ill. Twinn, C. R. — The blackfly, Simulium venustum and a protozoon disease of ducks. [4] 65: 1-3. Zabinski, J. — Copulation exterieure chez les Blattes. Fonctionnement des differentes ]iarties des appeils copulateurs chitines males et femelles de la Blatte (Periplaneta orientalis). [77] 112: 596-598; 598-602, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Berland, L.— Les Arachnides (Scorpions, Araignees, etc.). [59] 16, (A): 485 pp., ill. Bishop & Crosby. — Studies in American spiders: the genus Grammonota. [6] 40: 393-420, ill. *Chamberlin, R. V. — On a collection of Centipeds and Mil- lipeds from Costa Rica. [55] 9: 11-24, ill. Schroeder, H. O. —A note on the occurrence of the Australian cattle tick in Texas. [10] 35: 23-24. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS.— Hendee, E. C. — The association of termites with fungi. [68] 77: 212-213. *Longinos Navas, R. P. — TJecadas de insoctos nuevos. (S). [Broteria] 29: 34-44, ill. *McDunnough, J. —Notes on the Heptagenine species described by Clemens from the Georgian Bay Region. Out. [4] 65: 16-24; 33-43, ill. Ulmer, G. — Bemerkungen iiber die seit 1920 neu auf- gestellten gattungen der Ephemeropteren. [60] 93: 204- 219. Watson, J. R. — Some Thysanoptera of the Great Smoky Mountains. [39] 16: 61-62. ORTHOPTERA.— *Gunther, K.— Columbianische Phas- mo'iden aus der sammlung des Rev. Apolinar Mar'ia. [Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin] 18:' 226-261, ill. *Kastner, A.— Die Meconeminae des Stettiner Museums. TS). [60] 93: 163- 182, ill. *Rehn, J. A. G. — \Yissenschaftliche ergebnisse der 110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 schwedischen entomologischen reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914-1915 mid 1923-1924 Orthoptera [83] 24A, No. 11: 1-73, ill. HEMIPTERA. — *Ball, E. D.— Some new treehoppers from the southwest with notes on others. [95] 46: 25-32. *Barber, H. G. — The Cydnidae and Pentatomidae of Cuba. [Jour. Dept. Agric. Puerto Rico] 16: 231-284, ill. Haupt, H. — Transitorische intersexualitat bei Homopteren (Ful- goroidea). [34] 101: 255-260, ill. Hottes, E. C.— Descrip- tions of Aphiidae from western Colorado. [95] 46: 1-23. Michalk, O. - - Lectio de heteropteris, im anschlussan die sammelanweisungen. [Ent. Jahrb.] 1933: 155-163. Michalk, O. — Einige bemerkungen iiber die genital assymmetrie der Capsiden. (Heteropt.). [Ent. Jahrb.] 1933: 153-154. Miller, F. W. — Notes on several species of aphids collected on Populus angustifolia in Idaho. [4] 65 : 3-5. *Tissot, A. N. -Five new species of Annuraphis and Aphis. [39] 16: 49-60, ill. Usinger, R. L. — The male of Vanduzeeina sle- vini. (Scutelleridae). [55] 9: 30. LEPIDOPTERA. — *Benjamin, F. H. — New genera and species of Phalaenidae. [55] 9: 1-6. Brower, A. E. — Eury- mus eurytheme in Maine. [6] 40: 510. Decker, G. C.— Biology of the bidens borer, Epiblema otiosana (Olethreuti- dae). [6] 40: 503-509, ill. Forbes, W. T. M.— The Rubi- della group of Aristotelia (Gelechiidae). [6] 40: 423-432, ill. Hoffman, F. — Beitrag zur geographischen verbreitung der neotropischen Syntomiden. [14] 46: 213-215. Klots, A. B. — A generic revision of the Pieridae together with a study of the male genitalia. [70] 12: 139-242, ill. Lhomme, L. — Quelques appareils pen connus pour la chasse, la preparation et 1'etude des Papillons. [L'Amateur de Papil- lons] 6: 151-161, ill. *Rothschild, L. — New species and subspecies of Arctiinae. [75] 11: 167-192. (S). *Rousseau- Decelle, G. — Ouelques formes nouvelles et aberrantes des genres Papilio et Charaxes. (S). [25] 37: 301-307. Stoll- meyer, C. R. — Notes on life history of Morpho peleides insularis. (S). [6] 40: 523-526, ill. Watson, F. E.— Doctor Ottolengui's collection of Phytometrinae. [6] 40: 438. DIPTERA.— *Aldrich, J. 'M. — Notes on the Tachinid genus Ceracia Rondani with a new species from the Philip- pines. [10] 35: 9-10. Bishopp, Cory & Stone. — Preliminary results of a mosquito survey in the Chesapeake Bay sec- tion. [10] 35: 1-6. *Czerny, L. — Tyliden und Neriiden des zoologischen Museums in Hamburg. (S). [60] 93: 267-302. *James, M. T. — New and little-known Colorado Diptera. [6] 40: 435-438. Krober, O.— Das genus Stibasoma (Ta- banidae). (S). [60] 93: 241-259, ill. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111 COLEOPTERA. — *Brown, W. J. — New species of Col- eoptera IV [4] 65: 43-47. *Dawson, R. W. — New species of Serica (Scarabaeidae), VI. [6] 40: 529-548, ill. Hatch, M. H. — The species of Miscodera (Carabidae). [55] 9: 7-8. Hatch, M. H. — Records of Coleoptera from Montana. [4] 65: 5-15. *Obenberger, J. — De generis Hylaeogena specie- bus novis (Bupr.). De Nonnulis generis Callimicra specie- bus novis. (S). [74] 10: 125-129, 147-151. *Spaeth, F.- Neue Cassidinen (Chrysom.). (S). [60] 93: 182-204. *Uh- mann, E. — Sudamerikanische Hispinen aus der sammlung des Stettiner Museums uncl der meinigen. Beitrag zur kenntnis der Hispinen (Chrys.). |60] 93: 260-266, ill. *Van Dyke, E. C. — A short review of Dyslobus, a genus of broad- nosed weevils of the subfamily Otiorhynchinae with de- scriptions of new species. [55] 9: 31-47. *Wolcott, A. B. —A new species of Cleridae from Central Mexico. 2pp. [pub. by author]. HYMENOPTERA.— *Cockerell, T. D. A.— Bees col- lected at Borego, California, by Wilmatte P. Cockerell and Milene Porter. [55] 9: 25-28.' Cushman, R. A.— Aquatic ichneumon-flies. [4] 65 : 24. Cushman, R. A. — Notes on Sphecophaga burra, an ichneumonid parasite of Vespula maculata. [10] 35: 10-11. Cushman, R. A. — Notes on the oviposition habit of Chelonus sericeus. [10] 35: 7-8, ill. *Daniel, D. M. — A new species of Macrocentrus from Nova Scotia. [4] 65 : 25-26. *deGant, F. D. — Five new species of North American ichneumon-flies. [50] 82, Art. 11: 6pp. Eidmann, H. — Zur kenntnis der ameisenfauna von Siidla- brador. [34| 101: 201-221. *Gahan, A. B.— Description of a chalcidoid parasite of Protocalliphora. [4] 65: 31-33, ill. Jacob, H. — Kin miniatur-bienenstaat. [Knt. Jahrb.] 1933: 149-152, ill. Neave, F.— The Bremidae of Manitoba. [Can- adian Jour. Res.] 8: 62-72, ill. *Ross, H. H. — The descrip- tion and life history of a new sawfly, Sterictiphora apios (Argidae). [10] 35': 13-19, ill. .*Saiman, K. A.— A new species of Pepsis from Arizona (Psammocharidae). [55] 9: 9-10. *Timberlake & Cockerell. — A note on Andrena nudimediocornis. [55] 9: 28-29. The appearance of three numbers of Ward's Kntomological Bulletin impels attention to this new publication of Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc.. of Rochester, New York. The purpose of this monthly bulletin, as the publisher says, "is to inform entomologists regarding the services which Ward's Department of Kntomology is prepared to offer. No matter what your interest, whether that of the teacher, the economic 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '32 worker, or the amateur collector, we believe you will want to know more about Ward's division, of Entomology." The Bulletins are interesting to read and are full of information relative to the recent advances made in entomological collecting and preparation equipment, technic and the like. We hope the Bulletin will continue and increase in size, and that all "next issues" will be eagerly awaited by all entomologists. The Ward's Natural Sciences Establishment, Inc., P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Sta., Rochester, N. Y., will be glad to receive names and addresses of those desiring this publication. Another publication, now in its eleventh volume, published monthly by The General Biological Supply House, Chicago, entitled "Turtox News" is of a similar nature, but covers the natural sciences in general, serving the same purpose to experi- mental student in biology. May it also have a prosperous existence. E. T. CRESSON, JR. WHAT BUTTERFLY is THAT? A guide to the Butterflies of Australia by G. A. WATERHOUSE, D.Sc., etc. Illustrations by NEVILLE W. CAYLEY, F.R.Z.S. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., Sidney, Australia. 1932. 291 pp., 34 plates. In 1914 Dr. Waterhouse, with Mr. G. Lyell, issued through the same pub- lishers a scientific treatise on the Butterflies of Australia. This rather expensive book was illustrated with photographic repro- ductions and a few color plates of the butterflies then known to inhabit Australia. The present volume is illustrated writh 25 most excellent colored plates of the butterflies, by Mr. Cay- ley, and 9 plates showing life histories. While the title of the book and its comparatively low cost will make it a popular reference volume, it is nevertheless, a valuable scientific con- tribution to the literature. There are included all the butterflies that have been added to the Australian fauna since the original work, and with the excellent descriptions and accurate figures, will enable students and collectors to name their insects and also learn many interesting facts about their life histories and habits contained in its pages. There are 339 buterflies and many forms or local races listed, j of which the Lycaenidae and Hesperidae furnish over 200 species. Our old friends Danaida plexippus, the Monarch Butterfly, which Dr. Waterhouse calls the Wanderer, and Pymtncis cardui, the Painted Lady, are also found in Australia. Among the more beautiful butterflies are the gaudily colored Whites or Jezabels as he calls them, and the brilliant Blues and Hairstreaks. The frontispiece shows the handsome green Cape York Birdwing, one of the four forms of Papilla priamus found in Australia. ROSWELL C. WILLIAMS, JR. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods and service for sale. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted for Cash or Exchange — Entomological News, Vol. XXXIII, Nos. 9 and 10; Vol. XXXIV complete; Vol. XXXV, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9. Have for exchange Canadian Entomologist, Vols. 56, 57 and 58. Robt. W. Glenn, 509 Orchard Avenue, Avalon, Pittsburgh, Pa. Wanted — The first thirteen volumes of Entomological News, 1890 to 1902 inclusive. Preferably in original monthly parts, unbound. Write John M. Geddes, 331 High St., Williamsport, Pa. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring Coleoptera and Lepidoptera of southwest Arkansas. — Miss Louise Knobel, E. 3rd St., Hope, Arkansas. Wanted — October, 1919, and December, 1919, copies of Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Cash. Harriet A. Wick- wire, 55 Tompkins St., Cortland, N. Y. Wanted for Cash or Exchange — Uncommon species of North American Lepidoptera. Several of each kind. D. V. Brown, Pleas- anton, California. Butterflies — Desire correspondence from Western United States, Canada and Alaska. Will exchange rare California material for specimens from your locality. Lloyd M. Martin, P. O. Box 52, Roscoe, California. Exchange — Local Venezuelan (South America) species of lepidop- tera offered in exchange for North American species. Oscar Zuloaga, P. O. Box 263, Caracas, Venezuela. Exchange. — Desire Lepidoptera, particularly specimens and data of Wisconsin and U. S. Catocala. Exchange for same. Wm. E. Sicker. 46 Breeze Terrace, ATadison, Wisconsin. Will buy or exchange — Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring Insects from Tennessee. Will collect there during June-September, in all orders. Correspondence solicited. B. Benesh, 107 Argonne Drive, North Chicago, 111. Wanted — West Coast Geometrids for cash or in exchange for California Butterflies. Edward Gnedet. P. O. Box 305, Napa. Calif. Wanted — Western species of Bumblebees, all three castes; also Psithyrus and Catocala. A. P. Morse, Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass. Will Buy Agromyzidae from North, South, Central America and the West Indies. Special prices for reared material with host records and pressed specimens of mines. S. W. Frost, Arendtsville, Penn- sylvania. Wanted — llypi-nids and other quadrifid Xoctuids from all parts of ^>Torth America bv exchange or purchase. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., D "*•>*•. Billon"1'. Univ. of R^rhestor. Rochester Y. Y. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring insects from Wisconsin. Will collect in all orders from Mav to October. Corres- pondence invited. George Kettler, Plattevillc, Wis. Wanted — X;MIK-S and addresses of tiioM1 dc^imm < 'c>l"i>i>u-ra, Lep1'- dopte^a and Hymenoptera of Pennsylvania and Xew Jersey. R. C. Casselberry, 71 E. Price Ave., Lansdowne, Pa. Ward's Entomological Services Entomological Supplies and Equipment Carefully designed by professional entomologists. Ma- terial of high quality at low prices. Send for Catalogue No. 348. Insect Preparations Life Histories, Type Collections, Collections of Econo- mic Insects and Biological Insect Collections. All specimens are accurately determined. Send for Catalogue No. 360. Insects for the Pest Collection We have in stock over three hundred species of North American Insect Pests. Send for Price List No. 349. Ward's Entomological Bulletin A monthly publication sent free to all entomologists requesting it. Information for the Beginner Send for " Directions for Collecting and Preserving In- sects Y' by Dr. A. B. Klots. A mine of useful information. Price 15 cents. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station ROCHESTER, N. Y., U. S. A. The Frank A. Ward Foundation of Natural Science of the University of Rochester \A7 A MHTpP) Sphingidae, Saturnidae, Hemileucidae, Ceratocampi- VV /A1N 1 C LJ cjae perfect specimens of desirable species of the above P/~\D /^* AQf-I from any part of North or South America. Desire ^— ' »V v->**»3ri specimens from the Southern, Middle-Western, South Western and Pacific Coast States. Single specimens of rare or unusual species, varieties and abnormal examples are particularly wanted. Collectors in any locality having anything to offer, write JOHN M. GEDDES, 331 High Street, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, TJ. S. A. BUTTERFLY WHEN YOU SELL YOUR COLLEC- TRANSITION FORMS TIONS, SELL THESE KINDS OF AND "FREAKS" SPECIMENS SEPARATELY. WANTED THEY BRING MORE. JEANE D. GUNDER, 310 LINDA VISTA AVENUE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Morphos from French Guiana, etc., 10 species 20 specimens, including Hecuba, Rhetenor, Cypris, etc., $6.00. Fine bred Urania riphaeus, large $2.00 dozen, small $1.50 dozen. Very fine Indian butterflies in papers, many Papilios, Charaxes, Delias, etc., $500 per 100. British Diurnals, 100, 50 species, named $3 00. British Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, 250,000 specimens, named, cheap lots: 500 species 3 cents each, 1000 species 5 cents each Lists from A, FORD, Entomologist, 42, Irving Road, Bournemouth, England. native Florida Butterflies and Moths spread for Riker Mounts or in papers. Also make up Riker Mounts to order. Chrysalids and Larvae. MRS. LESLEY E. FOBSYTH, Florida City, Florida. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. COLEOPTERA 862.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Melyridae Number Four. (Trans., 50, 313-318, 1925) 20 961.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Melyridae Number Ten. (Trans., 57, 325-331, 1 pi., 1932) 20 963.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Tenebrionid tribe Scau- rini: a monographic revisior of the Eulabes, (Trans., 58, 35-101, 6 pis. 1932: 1.50 DIPTERA. 962. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.). — Studies in the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper 4. (Trans., 58, 1-34, 1932) 65 965. — Painter (R. H.). — A monographic study of the genus Geron Meigen as it occurs in the United States (Bom- byliidae). (Trans., 58, 139-167, 2 pis., 1932) 60 ORTHOPTERA. 964. — Rehn, (J. A. G.). — New or little known Neotropical Blattidae, No. 3. (Trans., 58, 103-137, 2 pis., 1932) 75 967. — Hebard (Morgan). — New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. (Trans., 58, 201-371, 5 pis., 1932) 3.50 LEPIDOPTERA 966. — Bell (E. L.). — Studies in the genus Phocides with descrip- tions of new species (Hesperiidae). (Trans., 58, 169- 199, 5 pis., 1932) 75 GENERAL 3201.— Dietz (W.G.).— Obituary by Marjorie Dietz Bachelor. Bibliography by E. T. Cresson, Jr. (Ent. News, 43, 279-282, 1932) .20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS MA.Y. 1933 Vol. XLIV CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863-1932. CONTENTS Brues— Charles Willison Johnson, 1863-1932 Calkins — Observations concerning Hyloicus eremitodes Stkr. in the Vicinity of Scott City, Kansas (Lepid.: Sphingidae). . Haskin — Notes on Two So-called Species of Eurema (Lepid. : Asciidae) Rowe — Records of Tachinidae from Illinois with Description of One New Species (Diptera) Geiser — G. W. Belfrage's Texas Localities Knight — Bothynotus Fieber: Descriptions of Two New Species from North America (Hemip.: Miridae) Foster — Swarming of Scafopse atrata Say (Diptera: Scatopsidae) . . Entomological Literature PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Sectii Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., R. G. Sthmieder.Ph.D., Associate Editors. Advisory Committee: Philip Laurent, J. A. G. Rehn, Chas. Liebeck, J. Chester Bradley, Ph.D., Frank Morton Jones, John C. Lutz, Max Kisliuk, Jr, Wm. W. Chapman. The subscription price per year of ten (10) numbers is as follows: United States and possessions, Central and South America . $3.00 Canada . 3.15 Foreign 3.25 Single copies 35 cents. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. One issue, 1 in., $ 1.20, 2 in., $ 2.40, half page, $ 4.00, full page, $ 7.00 Ten issues " 11.00, 20.00, 35.00, 60.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS. All remittances and communications regarding sub- scriptions, non-receipt of the NEWS or of reprints, and requests for sample copies, should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. All complaints regarding non-receipt of issues of the NEWS should be presented within three months from date of mailing of the issue. After that time such numbers, if available, will be supplied only by purchase. Not more than two issues will be replaced gratis, through loss in transit or in change of address, unless such have been registered, at the subscriber's expense. No subscriptions accepted which involve giving a receipt acknowledged before a notary, except at the subscriber's expense. MANUSCRIPTS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. Address all other com- munications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, Zoological Laboratory, University •f Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. The receipt of all papers will be acknowl- edged. Owing to the limited size of each number of the NEWS, articles longer than six printed pages will be published in two or more installments, unless the author be willing to pay for the cost of i. sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an art :le to appear without division. Proof will be sent to authors. Twenty-five "extras" of an author's contribu- ti^n, without change in form and without covers, will be given free when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired this should be slated on the MS. Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will be published in the NEWS for the present, except where authors furnish the necessary blocks (or pay in advance the cost of making blocks) and also pay for the cost of printing plates. Information as to the cost will be furnished in each case on application to the Editor. Blocks iurnished or paid for by authors will, of course, be returned to authors, after publication, if desired. Stated Meetings of The American Entomological Society will be held at 7.30 o'clock P. M., on the fourth Thursday of each month, excepting June, July, August, November and December, and on the third Thursday of November and December. Communications on observations made in the course of your studies are solicited ; also exhibits of any specimens you consider of interest. The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies. 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies. $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies. 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater numbers of copif-s will he at the corresponding multiples of these rates Printed covers for 50 copies, $4.00 or more, according to number of pages bound. CHARLES W. JOHNSON ENT. NEWS. VOL. XLIV. PL. IV. Co/n tf.^y of III f B<»lnn Society »f ,\'atn> at ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XLIV. MAY, 1933 No. 5 Charles Willison Johnson, 1863-1932. By CHARLES T. BRUES. (Portrait, Plate IV.) By the death of Charles Willison Johnson on July 19, 1932, entomology suffered the loss of one of its most accomplished devotees. His death, after a brief illness, at the age of not quite seventy years, came as a wholly unexpected blow to his many friends and associates. Many students who know him through correspondence and the whole entomological world familiar with his extensive writings will mourn his loss for many years to come. Native to and reared as a boy in New Jersey, he moved to St. Augustine, Florida, at the age of eighteen. Here he spent eight years of his early life and first became seriously interested in insects and molluscs. He then removed to Philadelphia where he served as curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science for fifteen years (1888-1903) and later to the Boston Society of Natural History where he also filled the post of curator. At the time of his death he had completed thirty years (1903-1932) of active and highly pro- ductive work at that institution. He was an active member of several entomological and con- chological societies and has served as president of the Entomo- logical Society of America and the Cambridge Entomological Club. Since 1917 he was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Practically all of Johnson's entomological publications are primarily taxonomic, and deal with Diptera. He possessed a \vunderfully wide acquaintance with the North American mem- bers of this order, involving a critical knowledge of the major- ity of the numerous families. Combined with his indefatigable energy and great perseverance as a collector, this led him to prepare several faunal lists as "The Diptera of Jamaica" (1894 ami 1919), "Diptera of Florida" ( 1S<>5 and 1913), "Diptera of New Jersey" (1900 and 1910) and finally a marvelously complete book of 326 pages on the Diptera of New England 113 MAY 4 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 (1925). An elaborate account of the Insect Fauna of the Mount Desert Region appeared just two years later. All of these are based in great part on material originally obtained by himself. A complete list of Johnson's entomological publica- tions, recently published in Psyclic (December, 1932) by Dr. A. L. Melander, includes about 180 titles. This does not include a considerable number of papers on Mollusca published over the course of many years, culminating in a large manuscript on New England, practically completed at the time of his death and now being prepared for early publication by W. J. Clench. He also served as associate editor and manager of the Nautilus, a malacological magazine, from 1890 till his death, a -period of forty-two years. During the full three decades spent at the Boston Society of Natural History, Johnson devoted an immense amount of time to building up the New England Collection of insects now pre- served in that institution. During each summer season he made frequent short collecting trips to particularly favorable points or to localities not previously visited throughout this area. The material obtained on these excursions was gradually identified and incorporated into the collection which thus grew to be very complete and highly comprehensive from the standpoint of geographic distribution. Other collectors, fired by his en- thusiasm, contributed much additional material, so that the col- lection enjoyed a rapid increase in size and value. A census made in 1930 showed more than 10,000 species and over 60.000 specimens from New England, the collection having grown from about 3,000 species and 8,000 specimens as a result of Johnson's unremitting efforts. Naturally the Diptera re- ceived a full share of attention, but no group was neglected as the aid of many specialists in other groups was eagerly sought, and usually secured, for his interest and pride in the collection were highly contagious. He enjoyed a wide famil- iarity with the entire insect fauna of New England and in conversation was able to pour out, without the slightest hesi- tation, information of the most surprisingly detailed nature relating to the most diverse groups. As the result of his life-long special interest in North Amer- ican Diptera, Johnson amassed a very large and complete col- xlivj ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115 lection of specimens in this order. This received continuous and painstaking attention, almost entirely during the evening hours, as he kept it at his home until recently, when it .was transferred to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har- vard, where it now remains. Anyone who consults this col- lection cannot fail to sense the meticulous, almost loving care which was bestowed upon it during the course of many years. Johnson was a very regular attendant at the monthly meet- ings of the Cambridge Entomological Club and furthered its interests in many ways. He served as its president during 1908 and 1915, for many years as a member of the editorial board of Psyche and was always ready to serve on committees. His willingness in the latter respect led the Club to avail them- selves of his advice and counsel at very frequent intervals. When he was present, interest in the Club meetings never lagged, as he was always ready with a small box of flies about which an interesting discourse could be woven. On such occa- sions his marvelous memory and ever vigorous youthful enthu- siasm were displayed to best advantage. He very rarely pre- sented prepared papers at such meetings and relied but little on notes to guide his remarks. He nearly always joined in the discussion of subjects' presented by other members or-%ould ask questions that showed his deep interest in all aspects of entomology however foreign to his own special field. As a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences he was also nearly always to be seen at the meetings. S.ome of my most vivid and pleasant impressions of him as. a fellow- entomologist and personal friend were acquired at one of .the little refreshment tables in the library of the Academy. Here he often joined a group of biologists after the formal session tn discuss various topics. He could not forget entomology for long, however, and it was a rare occasion indeed that failed to include some reference to flies or other insects. Had it not been for such opportunities to meet with him, one might have regarded him as of rather unsociable temperament. "Phis was by mi means true, however, and was due in great measure to his desire to devote all his spare time to entomological study. Johnson was an ardent prohibitionist and the only occasion in which I have known his ever-present good humor to fail him resulted from a mention of opposing views on this question. 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 Ordinarily he was so engrossed in his own work that he was bothered little by the troubles of the world in general and disregarded them whenever possible. One of Johnson's greatest contributions to entomology is not very widely known. In his position as curator, first at the Wagner Institute and later at the Museum of the Boston Soci- ety of Natural History, he came into contact with many ama- teurs and young people interested in entomology. The keen interest which he displayed in budding naturalists, encouraged many young men to enter this field with serious interests.* Johnson was married at the age of thirty-four, while living in Philadelphia, to Miss Carrie W. Ford, daughter of the conchologist, John Ford. They had no children. The death of his wife in 1931 was a severe blow, from which he never recovered and was coincident with the first striking change in his demeanor which I had noticed during over twenty years' association with him. The passing of Johnson leaves a gap in the already greatly depleted ranks of naturalists in America and one which may not be filled for many years to come. Observations concerning Hyloicus eremitodes Stkr. in the Vicinity of Scott City, Kansas (Lepid. : Sphingidae). By VIRC.IL F. CALKINS, Scott City, Kansas. For the past three or four years, occasional specimens of this rare Sphingid species have been taken by me in more or less faded and worn condition. Having had numerous requests for this moth from this locality which may be regarded as in the heart of its classic range, I tried each year without success to locate the food-plant of the species and to learn something of its early stages. During the spring of 1932 Mr. John M. Geddes, of Williams- port, Penna., with whom I was in correspondence, informed me that Prof. Snow had stated in some of his writings that the larvae of H. eremitoidcs fed on wild sage (Sali'M) . This plant occurs quite abundantly in many parts of the state of Kansas and is regarded as a weed. A search of my immediate neigh- [* In Philadelphia, H. L. Viereck, C. T. Greene and J. A. G. Rehn, as the last has told in the NEWS for June, 1932, page 141. — EDITOR.] xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117 borhood failed to locate any plant belonging to the genus Salria ; however, inasmuch as I usually took a few H. ereinitoidcs specimens each year, I knew their food-plant must be some- where near at hand. Some days after when on an excursion into the countryside, I found a large patch of Salvia, presumably the species S. lan- ccolata. An examination of the plants failed to reveal any Sphingid larvae, however. Wishing to have some of the plants growing near at hand for observation. I dug up several of them and transplanted them into my garden. I felt sure the plants on my premises would be singled out by any moths oc- curring in the vicinity and I would eventually obtain a few eggs. Daily inspection of them failed to reveal anything and I gave the idea up as hopeless. About a month afterward, arising very early one morning, I went into the garden and glancing at the sage plants, I was rewarded by noticing a few small greenish-purple caterpillars which undoubtedly were Sphinx-moth larvae. I immediately dug up one of the plants, put the caterpillars with it and re- moved it to my study where I was sure they could not get away and I could observe them at my leisure. Business took me away from home that evening, and the next morning when I thought about looking at the caterpillars, they were gone to my surprise. After searching for them, I finally found them in the corners on the floor they having apparently become dissatisfied with their changed quarters and crawled away. From then on, they refused to remain on the bucketed plant and as I wished to observe them to the final stages, I removed them to their accustomed place in the open, putting a fine screen wire cage over them and the plants. Here they were reasonably satisfied and took to eating. The next morning when I went to look at them they had completely vanished and I was very disappointed in having to face the possibility of losing my prizes without an opportunity to observe their habits. I surmised that the things had become dissatisfied again with their surroundings and had tied. The wire cage was only placed loosely over the plants and they could have crawled under the edge with very little effort. An evening or two later when out collecting moths. I dumfounded to find my caterpillars in the top of the si 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\\s | May, '33 plants eating away, but by this time, grown much larger in size. I knew positively that they had not been on the plants that day ; I was beginning to suspect something — that these peculiar caterpillars had a hide-away some place during the day, coming out at night to do their feeding. Subsequent observations re- vealed that the large caterpillars burrowed down into the ground, coming out at dusk and climbing the food-plant for a night of eating. At the approach of day-light they again resorted to their underground abode. Later on, I found that only cater- pillars half-grown, or larger, had this very unusual characteristic of going underground, the smaller ones remaining on the under side of the leaf of the food-plant where they were almost entirely inconspicuous. My caterpillars at this time were attain- ing full growth, for they were three or more inches long. Two days after, they failed to appear above the surface of the ground and I knew they were undergoing a change preparatory to the pupal state. Eighteen days later, I was rewarded with two fine Hyloicus eremitoides moths which I found resting on the top of the screened-in wire cage. The few remaining moths came forth within two or three days following. I had reared the larvae to maturity and found the species to be eremitoides. Meanwhile, I had been searching my plants daily for eggs and I had also located a fine patch of the sage plants growing close to home. I was successful in finding a number of the eggs which I reared to maturity thus observing the complete life-history of the moth. An interesting thing concerning the caterpillar of Hyloicus eremitoides is that it may be either pale green, green flecked with purple, or almost entirely a dark purplish-green, cater- pillars of this color being very beautiful and the most common. In this respect, the larvae apparently exist in different colors and maculations the same as Pholns satcllitia and Cclerio lineata, the color having nothing to do with the adult moth. Prof. Snow was said to have described the caterpillar as being pale green with seven white stripes. It may be the larvae that he had under observance were all green, the color being dependent somewhat on different localities, or environment. The following data may be of interest to the entomologist wishing to know more about Hyloicus erciniloidcs Stkr. xliv] F.XTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119 Egg: Pale green, semi-globular, smooth, slightly depressed on top. Laid preferably on the underside of the l?-f of :\ species of Sah'ia, presumably lanccolata. Incubation, about 10 days. Larvae : When first hatched, the caterpillar measures 4 mm. in length, the color being pale yellowish-green with a very prominent black caudal horn half as long as the newly hatched caterpillar itself. It moults at the end of 3, 5, 7 days and goes into the ground 10 days later. Full grown larvae measure 3 or Zl/2 inches being some shade of green variously flecked with minute purple specks of varying intensity, some being entirely pale green ; crossed diagonally by seven white stripes which are flanked by purple, some having a distinctly purple patch around the head ; 8 purple dots along the side at the base of each white stripe. Legs, pro-legs and anal prolegs, or claspers, deep purple. Horn, purple, or purplish-black. The head is very peculiar, having a pronounced protuberance almost suggestive of another horn in front, but rather blunt. Immediately in front, and behind, this pointed protuberance is a concentrated splotch of purple margined on each side by a white longitudinal stripe coming together at the top of the protuberance, or top-knot. The larvae when half grown have the peculiar habit of bur- rowing into the ground during the day, coming out at night to feed. Young larvae remain on the plant, concealed lengthwise on the under surface of a leaf. Period of inactivity is about 18 days, or less, or in the case of the second brood, over winter. Pupa: Brown, 1^4 inches in length, with a free tongue case about y% of an inch long. Very similar to the pupa of Hyloicus eremitus Hbn. The moth is aptly named the Hermit-like Sphinx being very hermit-like in its existence. When found in the open, it is usually resting on the sides of buildings about a foot from the ground, or on fence posts close to the ground surface. It is seldom met with on flowers. The insect may be classed as double brooded, although the broods overlap. The first appears in May and June, the second in August, continuing into the month of September. I have also taken specimens in July. My observations of the larval stages of H. crcmit aides were not as extensive, or complete, as I had wished for ; hence, my description is only general in character. I hope to write a more detailed description of the larval stages of cr emit o ides next year, when I have had an opportunity to observe tlu-m closely. 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 Notes on Two So-called Species of Eurema (Lepid. Asciidae). By J. R. HASKIN, Auburndale, Florida. These notes are offered as evidence that Eurema dcmoditas Hubner, (commonly known as E. dclia, Cramer), and E. jucunda B. & LeC. are conspecific, representing seasonal but over-lapping forms. One color variety is described as a new spring form. Another inter-connecting fall form corresponds to the description of form ccpio, G. & S. EUREMA DEMODITAS Hubner, 1818. delta, Cramer, 1780 (nee D. & S. 1776). daria Godart, 1819. form jucunda B. & LeC., 1830. form ccpio G. & S., 1889. form ddioidcs, new, Haskin, 1932. At Auburndale, Florida, dcmoditas flies during the fall and winter while jucunda flourishes during the summer. There is a marked difference on the upper side of these, particularly as to the females. The dcmoditas is clear lemon yellow, and the female has no bar across the primary. The jucunda is a paler yellow, some of the females even showing a touch of albinism. Both sexes have the bar across primary the female however not being as strongly marked as the male. Also, both sexes have the secondary bordered with black. Suspecting that these might be conspecific, I obtained eggs from a typical female of dcmoditas, which was caught ovi- positing upon Joint Vetch, Acschymomcne visciditla, Septem- ber 29th. The eggs hatched in from three to four days, and within twenty-four days after hatching the pupae were formed. One female emerged seven days later ; two males took nine and ten days respectively the last emerging November 6th. On September 24th I caught a typical female of jucunda which was depositing eggs on Stylosanthus biflora. The eggs hatched in three days. The larvae were fed on Stylosanthus for eight days but on account of its scarcity were subsequently fed on Joint Vetch. In twenty-three days from date of hatch- ing the pupae were formed. Nine days later, October 29th, a male and a female emerged. xliv] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 The progeny of the dcinoditas mother and the jucunda mother were practically identical. None resembled jncitnda. On the upper side they resembled demoditas, but the under side of the hind wings had only a trace of the red powdering typical of dcinoditus the coloration in general being yellowish with a few brown and red scales. This form, for which the name ccpio G. & S. is available, I have found during the fall months from September to November. It varies more or less as to the amount of brown and rufous powdering. The palest specimens approach the darkest of an intermediate spring form which 1 will now describe. One feature that remains constant in all the forms is the hairy coal black bar on the primary of the male, separated from the inner margin by a narrow yellow space distinctly tinged with orange. EUREMA DEMODITAS, form dclioides, new form. Upper side identical in coloration and markings with typical demoditas. Under side with the hind wing white, or white flecked with gray, as in jucunda. Type locality : Auburndale, FLORIDA. Number and sexes of types : Holotypc, $ March 26, 1932. Allot ypc, 9 March 28, 1932. Paratypcs, 10, $ $ , April, 1932. Types in U. S. National Museum; paratypes in U. S. National Museum and in my possession. Note :— A total of 30 males and a single female were cap- tured during the period of March into May, some individuals with the under side of the hind wing pale yellowish or tinted with buff, thus paralleling the fall ccpio. Although the four forms which I have outlined overlap as to seasons I believe it wise to differentiate them in order to emphasize an unusual and well marked change for each of the four seasons. An entire set of the specimens discussed in this paper has been presented to the U. S. National Museum. I have to thank Mr. Foster H. Benjamin who very kindly worked out the synonomy of this group for me and helped to condense my notes for publication. 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 Records of Tachinidae from Illinois with Description of One New Species (Diptera). By J. A. ROVVE, University of Utah. The following paper is a list of Tachinidae represented in the Illinois State Natural History Survey Collection. It was prepared to give the distributional records of the members of this family and any other information regarding the species taken at the time of collection. Forty-three genera and seventy species are listed and one member of the genus Bclvosia described as new. All localities cited are in the state of Illinois, except where some other state or province is specified. I wish to thank Mr. H. H. Ross of the Illinois State Natural History Survey for the privilege of working on this material. CISTOGASTER iMMAcuLATA Macq. Urbana, Sept. 20, 1923, sweeping; Vandalia, June 13, 1909, clover. GYMNOSOMA FULIGINOSA Desv. Ware, Sept. 20. 1931 (Mohr) ; Urbana, April 4, 1931 (H. H. Ross). PHORANTHA CALYPTRATA Coq. Urbana, Sept. 26, 1931 (H. H. Ross) ; Meredosia, May 29, 1917. P. OCCIDENTIS Walk. Dubois, Aug. 9, 1917. TRICHOPODA FORMOSA Wied. Oakwood, June 2, 1927 (F. H. Prison); Jordan, Ont., Sept. 10, 1915 (H. Curran). CRYPTOMEIGENIA THEUTIS Walk. Gimlii July 15, 1909. PARADMONTIA BREVIS ? Coq. Urbana, June 20, 1915. PLECTOPS MELISSOPODIS Coq. Dubois, May 23, 1917. CLATORIA SPINOSA ? Coq. Dubois, July 5, 1909. HYPOSTENA AENEA Coq. Urbana, Sept. 26, 1931 (H. H. Ross). H. BARBATA Coq. Dubois, May 10, 1917. DIDYMA EXIGUA V. D. W. Urbana, June 10, 1920, parasite of PIPAUSTA AINSLEI, in corn and smart- weed (C. S. Spooner ) . POLIDEA AREOS Walk. Urbana, Apr. 27, 1931 (A. R. Park). RACODINEURA AMERICANA Coq. Dubois, Aug. 8, 1917. LEUCOSTOMA SENILIS Tns. Bondville, Oct. 1, 1909. L. SP ? Dubois, Aug. 9, 1917. EUTRIXA MASURIA Walk. Savanna, July 9, 1917. SIPHONA GENICULATA DeGr. Urbana, Apr. 22, 1917, in cot- tonwood. White Heath, Apr. 22, 1917. PLAGIA AMERICANA V. D. W. Urbana, June 27, 1931 (A. R. Park) ; Bushnell, clover, June 18, 1909. BIOMYIA AURIGERA Coq. Cypress Sept. 2, 1931 (Mohr). xlivj ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS 123 B. GEORGIAE B-B. Dubois, Aug. 10, 1917; White Heath, May 22, 1915; Carbondale, May 27, 1910; Flgin. rye grass and clover, June 25, 1909. ATACTA APICALIS Coq. Paris, on Protoparce, 1904 (A. A. Garault) ; Havana, roadside, Sept. 8, 1910. Belvosia pollinosa n. sp. Male. Length 15 mm. Front at the vertex slightly longer than the combined length of the second and third antennal joints. Frontals arranged in three indistinct rows. Antennae black. Cheeks thinly pollinose the brown background color showing through in spots. Facial depression and parafrontals white pollinose throughout. Palpi brown, lighter at the tips. Belvosia pollinosa. Thorax shining black except in front where it is thinly white pollinose. Sternopleurals eight. Dorso-centrals live. Scutel- lum black, thinly golden pollinose on the posterior ventral mar- gin, bearing thirteen marginals and numerous submarginals. First and second abdominal segments shining black. Third and fourth golden pollinose throughout except on the apical 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 fourth. First abdominal segment with five marginals, second with seven, third and fourth with marginal rows. Legs black. Coxae with tufts of very large spiny bristles projecting backward. Pulvilli as long as the last tarsal joint. Wings and both calypters brown. Forceps of the genitalia black, hairy except on the extreme tip, shaped as in figure. Described from a single male collected at Alto Pass, ILLINOIS, June 5-6, 1919. Holotypc in the collection of the university of Utah. This species comes out in the key with B. splcndens Curran, but differs in having the para-frontals pollinose throughout. LINNAEMYIA COMTA Fall. Urbana, new clover. May 21, 1909. GYMNOCHAETA ALCEDO Loew. Urbana, June 1, 1929 (Mohr) ; Vancouver, B. C, Mar. 13, 1912 (H. H. Ross). EXORISTA DORSALIS Coq. Oregon, June 19, 1917. E. EUDRYADIS Tns. Chicago, May 30, 1909 (Davis). E. ORDIXARIA V. D. W. Alto Pass, May 7, 1917. EUPHOROCERA CLARiPENNis Macq. Vandalia, Sept. 16, 1931 (Mohr). PHOROCERA LEUCANIAE Coq. Urbana, in woods, April 22, 1926 (T. H. Frison) ; Carbondale, reared from cocoon, April 16, 1928 (T. H. F.); Muncie, May 3, 1920; Homer, Apr. 26, 1909. P. RUFILABRUM V. D. W. Oregon, June 19, 1917; Lilly, at Mackinaw River, June 11, 1914; Peoria, on maple, July 23, 1898 (McElfresh) ; Angerville, June 6, 1915. P. SAUNDERSII Will. Dubois, May '22, 1917. FRONTINA ALETIAE Riley. Champaign, Aug. 14, 1915 (Frison). F. ARCHIPPIVORA Will. Champaign, July 24, 1885. F. FRENCH ii Will. Urbana, June 9, 1903 (Titus) ; Centralia, June 16, 1909 (Girault) ; Metropolis, Sept. 19, 1931 (Mohr). STURMIA DISTINCTA Wied. Kernak, Sept. 2, 1924 (T. H. F.) ; Metropolis, Sept. 3, 1924 (T. H. F.) ; Brownsville, Texas, Nov. 26, 1910 (T. Garden) : Hayworth, July 24, 1878. S. FRAUDULENTA V. D. W. Algonquin, June 23, 1896; Aurora, Aug. 15, 1908 (Girault). S. INQUINATA V. D. W. Oregon, June 19, 1917; Algonquin, June 20, 1896; Fox Lake, Aug. 2, 1924 (T. H. F.) ; Tonti, May 24, 1912 (Titus) ; Urbana, July 25, 1848. S. NIGRITA Tns. Lafayette, Ind., July 19, 1915; River Forest, July 11, 1913; Algonquin (Nason). S. OCCIDENTALS Coq. Odin, May 28, 1910, in pit cage; and on flowers of wild parsnip; Plainview, May 3, 1915. Xliv] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 S. PHYCIODIS Coq. Muncie, June 8, 1927 (T. Faud A. G.). S. STRIGATA V. D. W. Odin, May 31, 1910, parsnip. ACEMYIA TIBIALIS Coq. White Heath, May 18, 1839, in woods (Morten). PSEUDOCHAETA ARGENTiFRONS Coq. Carbonclale, July 31, 1909 (Hart-Wood); Pulaski, Aug. 3. 1908 (Gerault). P. PYRALIDIS Coq. Cambridge, June 20, 1931, parasitic on thistle butterfly. TACHINOMYIA ROBUSTA Tns. Algonquin (Nason), Odin, 1910, on parsnip; St. Paul. Minn., May 30, 1924; Algonquin, June 4, 1914. BLEPHARIPEZA ADUST A Loew. Algonquin (Nason) ; Forreston, June 11, 1892 (Marten). B. INERMIS Bigot. Algonquin, 111., June 10, 1915; Clay City, Aug. 22, 1905. WINTHEMIA MILITARIS Walsh. Pleasent Plains, June 26, 1931 (Mohr). W. QUADRIPUSTULATA Fab. Algonquin, June 23, 1896; Urbana, July 13, 1931 (Mohr) ; Agassiz, B. C, taken from the cater- pillar of the "white wooly bear" on hops, Aug. 19, 1927 (H. H. Ross); Champaign, July 8, 1909 (Sanborn) ; Sav- anna, July 10, 1917; White Heath, May 15, 1915; River Forest, July 11, 1913; Dubois, May 28, 1917; Plainview, May 3, 19l5; Alto Pass, June 5, 1919; Centralia, June 9. 1909 (Girault) ; Vandalia, June 4, 1914, clover; Elgin, June 25, 1909, rye, grass, clover; Virginia, June 17, 1909. red clover; Aurora, June 26, 1909, red clover partly in bloom; Sparta, June 11, 1909, ragged clover field; Prinston, June 21, 1909, weedy clover; Bushnell, June 18, 1909, clover; Oak- wood, July 2, 1931 (H. H. Ro~ss) ; Bluffs, Aug. 19, 1917; Normal, July 7, 1884, boxelder. PARADIDYMA SINGULARIS Tns. Urbana, June 7, 1916; Odin, May 11, 1910; Normal, Aug. 18. 1887. HILARELLA POLiTA Tns. Havana, Geason's sand-dunes, April 30, 1914; Meredosia, sand pit, Aug. 22, 1917; Urbana, May 18, 1889, pond grove. BRACHYCOMA SARCOPHAGINA Tns. Urbana, July 3, 1908, clover. • GONIA BREVIPULVILLI Tot. Normal; Ames. Ta.. AIT. 22. 1896, Exp. Sta. Vancouver, B. C, March 19. 1926 (IT. H. Ross) ; Urbana, Apr. 1, 1880 (Marten); Tculon, July 20. 1915. G. FRONTOSA Say. Urbana, divdgnlitch, Apr. 25. W15; Dan- ville, Apr. 5, 1929 (Prison & R. II.) ; Algonquin, .March 20, 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 1905 (Nason) ; Seymour, Apr. 20, 1912; Vancouver, B. C. (H. H. Ross) ; Oakwood, middle fork, Apr. 26, 1911 ; Don- gola. Mar. 9, 1916; Forest Glen; Chicago, Aug., 1878; Mahomet, Apr. 3, 1929 (Prison). G. LONGIPULVILLI Tot. Olympia, Wash. (T. Kincaid). G. SAGAX Tns. Homar, Apr. 26, 1909; Urbana, Apr. 23, 1928 (Prison) ; Algonquin, May 3, 1896. SPALLANZANIA HESPERIDARUM Will. Sparta, June 10, 1909, weedy clover ; Champaign, July 7, 1885, swept from weeds ; Urbana, Sept. 25, 1923. CHAETOGAEDIA ANALIS V. D. W. Urbana, Oct. 6, 1901 ; Crystal Lake (Titus). CUPHOCERA FUCATA ? V. D. W. Odin, in pit cage. May 28, 1910; Urbana, Sept.. 1931 (Mohr) ; Makanda, on golden- rod, Oct. 16, 1902 (Titus). ARCHYTAS ANALIS Fab. Urbana. July 17, 1908, clover; Oak- wood, June 2, 1927 (T. H. Fuson) ; Havana, Devil's Hole, June 23, 1928 (Prison and Hayes). A. ATERRIMA Desv. Alto Pass, Aug. 11, 1891 (Hart and Shiga) ; Savanna, July 21, 1892, sweet clover (McElfresh) ; Odin, Aug. 23, 1909; Milo, Bureau Co., July 15, 1879; Phila., Pa.; Metropolis, on Xiuithinin tpinositni, Aug. 15, 1891 (Hart-Shi<>. 3 1 am especially indebted to Doccnt Dr. Sixten Tielfrage (Lund), Prof. Dr. Sjostedt, and Captain Lennart Belt"' 'lairman of the Bel- fragian Society, Stockholm ; as well as to Jenny Belfrage's Bidrag till Slakten Bcljraycs Historic, Goteborg, 1916. 12S ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 of these researches it was found that Belfrage was descended from a long line of Swedish nobles (three of his four grand- parents were barons or baronesses in their own right) and that he had enjoyed excellent training in entomology in his youth. It was found that he was on terms of intimate friend- ship with the Swedish entomologists, Professors Boheman and Zetterstedt, (the former the first curator of entomology in the Natural History Museum in Stockholm), and with Carl Stal, with whom for many years he conducted a long correspondence on familiar and equal terms. Belfrage's father, it was found. was a Court Chamberlain in the royal palace at Stockholm, and his mother was the Baroness Leijonhufvud, of one of the noblest families of the Swedish noblesse. After a checkered experience in Sweden, young Bel f rage was encouraged to come to America ; and after an eventful career as an entomological collector in New York, Illinois, and Texas, died in Bosque County, Texas, on December 7, 1882. In my biographical sketch above referred to, but scanty in- formation could be given relative to Belfrage's career as an entomological collector. In the last three years, however, thanks to the kindness of Professor Sjo'stedt (who caused the archives of the Natural History Museum and the Swedish Academy of Sciences to be searched, with most satisfying results) ; and the directors of several museums and academies of science in America, an extensive Belfrage correspondence has been un- earthed, by which it is possible to trace the movements in Illinois and Texas of G. W. Belfrage. The following notes are presented in extension and correction of the former biography. Belfrage journeyed to America sometime in 1860 or '61. At the time of his coming he was about twenty-six years old. The real reasons for his leaving the homeland are not clear. One thing is certain, however, that "in some way he made it impossible for himself to remain in Sweden and [he] therefore emigrated.4 Belfrage, in a letter of date 18 March. 1859, to the great Swedish entomologist, Prof. C. J. Boheman, speaks of his prospective departure as final : "I am going to leave my 4S. Belfrage to S. IV. Geiser, 12 Apr., 1(>_">. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 129 country forever, and depart for the land of the Yankees." His letters to Professor Boheman and Dr. Carl Stal, members of the Swedish Academy of Sciences and the N aturhistoriska Riks- muscuni, reveal that for some time he had contemplated leaving Sweden, and that he looked to his family for an annual sub- vention. . . . From a very careful study of the extant Belfrage letters, the following, at least, may be said of his early life. Belfrage had long before 1857 come into terms of almost filial intimacy with Professor Boheman. It is possible that the contact was through Bel f rage's father, who may have been a companion-in- arms with Boheman/' Passages in the very intimate letters from G. W. Belfrage to Carl Stal raise the question in one's mind as to whether the two had not at some time studied to- gether at Uppsala. Unfortunately, we do not have any of the letters that Belfrage received from Swedish correspondents; for at his death, these were burned, together with a "bale of manuscript," listed by the appraisers of his estate as "of no value," although it appears, from his letters to Stal, to have been a work on the insects of Bosque County, Texas. In October, 1859, Belfrage finally made up his mind to leave Sweden for America. The approximate date of his departure may be set as late in 1859 or early in 1860. During his last few months in Sweden he rusticated at Koping, a small town at the head of Lake Malar, west of Stockholm. Belfrage's first letter from America (one written in response to one several months old, from Boheman) is dated 8 August, 1861. From this letter it appears that Belfrage has been in America for some time ; that he has already sent a collection of insects to Boheman ; that he is "suffering from that com- mon disease, called a lack of money." The war-excitement is on in America, and his pecuniary embarrassment offers Bel- frage the hard alternatives of selling his insect collections at great sacrifice, enlisting in the Federal army, or starving. These months are obscure ones sprinkled but sparsely with missives B Professor Carl Johan Boheman (1796-1868) was a retired army cap- tain: in 1841 he was appointed curator of Entomology at the Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Gustaf Bell'niur'-; l';itlirr. Axel Ake Belfrage (1796-1885) advanced to a captaincy in the Swedish army in 1820, and quitted the army in 1844, with the brevet-rank of major. 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 that give fleeting glimpses of want and mental and physical distress. During the last half of 1861 his want was so great that for two days and nights he was without food and shelter, and was obliged to sell valuable insect-collections at a ruinously low figure.6 After a year's silence Belfrage emerges again in the correspondence, this time in Chicago. Here he remains until the end of 1866, with occasional collecting trips along Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, and to the Swedish colony at Altona, Knox County, Illinois. His life during 1864 and 1865 is reflected in single letters for each of those years. One common theme runs through these letters : the need for insect needles in quantity for use in mounting his collections, and money, money. During 1866, Belfrage entered into correspondence with all of the leading American entomologists : Cresson, Ulke. Pack- ard, Uhler, Henshaw, Hagen, Scudder and the rest. They en- couraged him to carry out a long-cherished plan of his to go to Texas on an insect-collecting trip; and armed with letters from the American Consul at Stockholm, and the Swedish Academy of Science, stating that he was a Swedish subject collecting for the Academy, he set out. "If I go South without such letters," said Belfrage in a message to Boheman asking that they be sent, "you will understand what kind of brotherly love I can expect from the Southerners after having lived among the 'damned Yankees'." He arrived in Houston from New Orleans, on the fourth day of January, 1867. On his arrival, he was penniless, or nearly so ; but soon sales of insects (particularly to American and British students, who paid much better than Continental workers) lifted him from poverty. . . . Belfrage was a prodigious collector. As early as 1869 he advertised an exchange-collection of 25,000 Texan insects, and had won the cordial approval of naturalists as "an active and zealous collector ; his mounting of specimens is the very per- fection of neatness." 7 He sold continually and extensively during the thirteen subsequent years, both to amateurs and seri- ous students. During many of his collecting-years he collected and sold from ten to fifteen thousand insects; and the total of his collections must have been very great. At the time of his death his collection comprised "36,881 pinned specimens in xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131 good order, in addition to beetles in paper, sawdust, and alcohol, and butterflies in papers"-— in itself a great collection, but at that, only a fraction of his life's collections. After Belfrage's death this collection, now the "Belfrage Collection" in the United States National Museum, was purchased by C. V. Riley. In this collection are most of the types of the new species of Hymenoptera described by Cresson in his "Hymenoptera Texana" (1872). Belfrage long had in mind plans for an extensive trip to collect insects in West Texas and New Mexico ; in fact, his hopes and plans recur periodically, like a fixed idea, in his correspondence. In 1867,8 he voices the hope that he may get a mule and wagon and travel into West Texas, and "collect 100,000 insects per annum." In March, 1868, he was still avowing the same purpose. Belfrage. it appears, collected in several parts of Texas, and not merely in Bosque and McLen- nan Counties, as Cresson and others have thought. He lived at Houston during all of 1867 and the first half of 1868, when he moved to Bosque County, Texas. He made a fruitless exploring and collecting trip to Quintana, at the mouth of the Brazos River, in April, 1867; in the late fall of 1868, he col- lected insects in the pine woods of Eastern Texas. A fire in his lodgings at Houston, in February, 1868, destroyed all his books, and many of his early collections. After Belfrage came to Bosque County, he made (April, 1869) a month-long trip to the Border (probably at Laredo, southwest of San Antonio) ; and in the following year, he made a two-months' trip to West Texas. After each of these trips, he was for a long time afflicted with malarial fever. The great trip that was planned to New Mexico never' materialized, as far as I can discover. In 1869 Belfrage issued a prospectus of this in the Canadian Entomologist,9 but advertisements issued as late as 1877 indi- cate that his wishes were still unfulfilled. From 1870 to about 1879 Belfrage made his home in Bosquo County near the hamlet of Norse; and it was hen- that he made his magnificent collections of insects from Bosque County. 8 G. W. B. to C. J. Boheman, 28 February, 1862. 7 Canadian Naturalist, 2: 160, 1869. 8G. IV. B. to C. J. Boheman. 31 January, 1867. 9 Op. cit. 2: 159-60; 179-80, 1869. 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 In 1879 he built for himself a small hut on Meridian Creek, on the "Chris Pederson farm," about three miles from his former home on the "Carl Ouestad place." Here he was found dead on the morning of December 7, 1882. Viewing Belfrage through the letters preserved in the archives of the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm, one sees a brilliant, well-read, social and all-too-convivial, companionable man, deeply interested in the work to which he gave his life;" deeply loved by those to whom he gave his confidences. He was admired at a distance by the simple country people, his neighbors, who were without the circle of his close acquaintance. He died at the early age of forty-eight, a broken man, but one who has placed students of the entomology of Texas and the Southwest under an obligation that can hardly be overstated. Bothynotus Fieber : Descriptions of Two New Species from North America (Hemip., Miridae). By HARRY H. KNIGHT, Iowa State College, Ames. The genus Bothynotus Fieber was erected in 1864 to include the single European species described as Phytocoris pilosus Boheman (1852). The genus was not recognized from North America until Wirtner (1917) described Neobothynotus inodes- tus from Pennsylvania. At that time the writer (1917) pointed out that he was "unable to find generic points of difference between Ncobothynotus Wirtner and Bothynotns Fieber." We also suggested that modestus Wirtner might be an importation of pilosus Bohe, but in this we were mistaken as later exami- nation of European specimens of pilosus proved the species to be distinct, although members of the same genus. Since that time we have examined specimens of Bothynotus modestus Wirtner from Maryland, near Plummer Island (J. D. Hood) and from Wilmington, Ohio (S. A. Watson). The history of this species indicates that it may be widely distributed but specmens are very scarce. Until the present time only two species of Bothynotus have been described, hence it is of con- siderable interest to add two new ones from the Nearctic fauna, indicating that North America may have been the center of origin for species of this genus. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 In our list of "Family Miridae of the District of Columbia and vicinity" the writer placed Botliynotus modes/us Wirtner in subfamily Clivineminae without word of explamuion, dins I will review the reasons at this time. Renter (1910) in his great work "Nene Beitrage zur Phylogenie und Systematik der Aliriden" erected the subfamily "Bothynotina" to include Botli- ynotus Fieb. and a new genus Dasliyincnia Popp. In the same publication Renter employed the subfamily name "Ambraciina" and included therein his "Division Clivinemaria" of 1876. Van Duzee (1916) in his "Check List of Hemiptera" employed the principle of priority to subfamily names and raised Renter's group name, Clivinemaria of 1876, to the status of subfamily and included the American genera, divine ma Rent, and Largi- dea Van D. The writer finds that Botliynotus Fieber -is closely allied to Clivinema Renter as shown by structure of the genitalia, form of toothed claws and bristle-like arolia, also in the peculiar modifications of the prothorax, especially involving the collar and calli. Examination of the genital claspers of the various species of Clivinema, Laryidea and Botliynotus, show a sur- prising amount of similarity, in fact the form of left clasper appears to be characteristic of these genera and therefore of the subfamily Clivineminae. Apparently no generic distinctions can be based upon the claspers, but slight modifications may in some cases be useful for specific determinations. From these observations it is evident that Bothynotina Renter (1910) must be merged with the older subfamily group Clivineminae Renter (1876). Bothynotus barberi n. sp. Differs from modestns Wirtner in the smaller size, also in the shorter second antennal segment which in length is just equal to width of head across eyes; anterior angles of prono- tum somewhat inflated, arising distinctly above the smooth impressed calli. $. Length 3.5 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width .75 mm., vertex .47 mm. ; frons more distinctly convex and tylus less prominent than in modestns: color uniformly pale red, tylns Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, vol. 75, art. 13, p. 8, 1929. 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 more brownish, clothed with prominent pale pubescence. Ros- trum fuscous (broken). Antennae: segment I, length .346 mm. ; II, .78 mm., cylindrical, about equal to segment I in thickness; III, .346 mm., slender; IV, .30 mm., slender; fus- cous to blackish, segment I paler at base; clothed with promi- nent pale yellowish pubescence, interspersed with a few longer hairs, especially on the last three segments. Pronotum: length .78 mm., width at base 1.34 mm.; disk coarsely, uniformly punctate, pleura more finely punctate ; calli deeply impressed, shining, impunctate except for a single deep puncture at each inner angle ; collar nearly flat, separated from calli by impressed line; lateral margin of disk slightly concave, anterior angles rather distinctly inflated, rising well above the level of the calli and collar, projecting laterally above the coxal cleft, the latter very deep at dorsal extremity; color uniformly brownish black, collar and calli reddish to brownish. Disk as well as the whole dorsum clothed with prominent, erect pale hairs, the tip of each hair decurved ; membrane more finely but distinctly pubescent. Scutellum moderately convex, pubescent but impunctate. Hemelytra : embolar margins slightly sinuate, not arcuate ; embolium flat, prominent, lateral edge sharp, slightly reflexed ; finely punctate, color brownish black, slightly translucent ; cun- eus slightly concave but lateral margins not distinctly reflexed; membrane uniformly dusky, veins darker, finely wrinkled, finely but distinctly pubescent. Body beneath reddish brown to black- ish ; ostiolar peritreme pale fuscous, surface alutaceous, central lobe projecting strongly laterally. Legs uniformly pale fuscous brown, tips of hind femora reddish; strongly pubescent, hind femora with two or three long hairs on posterior margin, tibiae not distinctly spinulose ; claws toothed at base, arolia bristle-like, and in this respect very similar to species of Clivineina Renter. Genital claspers ap- parently generic in character, their form very similar to that observed in Clivineina Reut. and Largidca Van D. Holotype: $ July 20, 1905, Huachuca Mts., ARIZONA (H. G. Barber) ; author's collection. Named in honor of the collector, Mr. H. G. Barber, to whom the writer is indebted for several new or interesting Miridae. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 Bothynotus johnstoni n. sp. Distinguished from barbcri by the smaller size and reflexed outer margin of the cuneus ; anterior angles of pronotum not inflated, pubescence erect, not decurved. $. Length 2.7 mm., width 1.17 mm. Head: width .57 mm., vertex .32 mm. ; color red, shining, tylus and buccula fuscous, a pair of small spots on vertex and a mark each side on frons, fuscous. Rostrum, length .78 mm., reaching upon base of intermediate coxae, fuscous. Antennae: segment I, length .25 mm., reddish brown to black; II, .60 mm., cylindri- cal, equal in thickness to segment I but more slender at base, dark brownish black, clothed with prominent pale pubescence, length of longest hairs about equal to thickness of segment; III, broken. Pronotum : length .62 mm. ; width at base .99 mm. ; disk moderately convex, more finely punctate than barbcri and the anterior angles are not inflated ; collar convex, distinctly con- stricted and separated from calli, the latter smooth, impressed on posterior margins, but very little below level of disk. Scutel- lum moderately convex, apex slightly more prominent, impunc- tate, finely rugulose on disk. General coloration uniformly brownish black, shining, heme- lytra semi-translucent ; head red, ventral surface reddish brown to blackish, legs pale fusco-brownish, femora becoming reddish on apical half. Clothed with prominent, erect pale yellowish to dusky pubescence, hairs of dorsum not decurved at tips. Hemelytra : embolar margins nearly straight, curved in at base ; embolium with outer edge sharp, narrowly reflexed ; clavus with inner half more coarsely and strongly punctate than elsewhere ; cuneus with outer margin reflexed to form a right angle with disk, impunctate but strongly pubescent. Membrane uniformly dark fuscous, finely wrinkled, finely but distinctly pubescent. Genital claspers of the same general form as in barbcri but the left clasper with distal one-third thicker. Holotypc: $ June 3, 1926, Carthage, MISSISSIPPI (H. G. Johnston) ; author's collection. Named in honor of the col- lector, Mr. Horace G. Johnston, who is doing some good work with Aliridae. 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 Swarming of Scatopse atrata Say (Diptera: Scatopsidae) On May 3, 1932, I sent the following notes to Dr. J. M. Aldrich, of the United States National Museum. At this place, Lyerly, Georgia, Chattooga Co., about 55 miles south of Chattanooga, Tennessee, on April 22, 1932, the insects here- with were taken where they were swarming as they had been swarming for several days prior thereto. Their issuance was from a vertical "joint" between corner boards of a dwelling house wall at northwest corner of building. The joint was finished by means of a quarter round moulding and numerous nail holes together with a poor fit had enabled them to seek out a home within. These insects were swarming and were conducting propa- gative congress at once. Many dozens in pairs were observed hurriedly running over the wall boards, meanwhile having union and each being of apparently the same size, I could not decide which sex was being towed backward. There were no reversals of direction in the towing. There was no tandem processioning commonly observed in termite swarms. There was some inter- ference from third parties as the towing was being done. These insects are strong and capable fliers; they had a dabbing motion in flight when coming back to vicinity of their issuance point as if seeking to alight, or as if seeking to choose something. Many hundreds issued and few departed at once. Most of them tarried and moved incessantly about in copula- tion or interfering with copulating pairs. There was not ob- served any pairing outside ; all seemed to issue singly or one towing another per genitalia. More than half of them took to the air and remained near place of issuance. I think none cast any wings. They kept up their swarming for a week but now are not visible. The house-corner is beneath a good porch roof, i. e., good for 6 years past. The house is on brick piers 2 feet high. The wood is all dry. Much elm tree shade is near by. I do not know what they are and ask you to have them named and described as to significance, etc. Dr. Aldrich replied : "The fly is Scatopsc atrata Say ; it is a very common insect, found on the inside of windows, espe- cially in basements. I see by my index it has been reared from decaying lemons, onions, plums, butternut hulls, and also from animal excrement. It appears to be a general scavenger in decomposing vegetable matter. "I have never heard of the issuance of the insect in the way you describe, but the flies are so small that they no doubt have been overlooked hundreds of times." JOHN G. FOSTER, Lyerly, Georgia. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 Entomological Literature COMPILED BY LAURA S. MACKEY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials published in our January and June issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for lOc. The number of, or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c. the latter within ( ) follows; then the pagination follows the colon : All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. •Papers containing new forms or names have an * preceding the author's name. (S) Papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Rec- ord, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. ttS~Note the change in the method of citing the bibliographical references, as explained above. Papers published in the Entomological Neu's are not listed. GENERAL.— Burr, M.— Orthoptera and spiders. [21] 45 : 38-40. Finkenbrink, W. — Experimentelle untersuch- ungen zur dewitzschen hypothese des apterismus bei insek- ten. [46] 26: 385-426, ill'. Gaines, J. C.— Trap collections of insects in cotton in 1932. [19] 28: 47-53, ill. Holland, W. J.— Obituary. By G. P. Engelhardt. [19] 28: 79. Tanisch & Maercks. — Licht und insektenentwicklung. [46] 26: 372-384, ill. Schulze, P.— Ueber zeckengynander. [46] 26: 427-436, ill. Williamson, E. B.— Obituary. By F. Payne. [68] 77: 344. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Avel, M. M.— Sur le fonctionnerhent possible par prise automatique de la ventouse des larves de Blepharocerides (Torrenticoles). [Bull. Soc. Zool. France] 57: 140-142. Balduf, W. V.— The morphology of the ovipositor of Draeculacephala (Cicadel- lidae). [7] 26: 64-75, ill. Bledowski u. Krainska. — Die ent- wicklung1 von Banchus femoralis. (Bibl. Univ. Lib. Pol- onae, 1925, Fasc. 16, 50 pp., ill.) Bondroit, J. — Origine de 1'ouvriere des fourmis.< [Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belgique] 62: 13-24. Brandt, H. A. — Histology of the silk glands of cer- tain Aviculariidae. (13) 25: 1-6, ill. Chickering & Bacorn. — Spermatogenesis in the Belostomatidae. Multiple chrom- osomes in Lethocerus. | Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts & Let.] 17: 529-534, ill. Cvetkov & Ephroimson.— La cine- tique de la photo reaction chez Drosophila melanogaster. [Bull. Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S.] 1932: 1151-1153 |in Russian]. Fisher, R. A. — On the evidence against the chemical indue- 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 tion of melanism in lepidoptera. [Pro. R. Soc., Loud.] (B) 112: 407-416. Fletcher & Haub— Digestion in blowfly larvae, Phormia regina, used in the treatment of osteomye- litis. [43] 33: 101-109, ill. Hedenius, A.— Molecular weights of the blood pigments of the invertebrates. [31] 131: 325. Heymons & Ltinmann. — Die vasa malpighi von Galerucella viburni. [34] 102: 78-86, ill. Hilton, W. A.— Nervous sys- tem and sense organs. Acarina [13] 25: 8-12, ill. Hinman, E. H. — Enzymes in the digestive tract of mosquito larvae. [7] 26: 45-52. Hiising, H. — Wieviel nektar fasst die honig- blase der Honigbiene? [17] 50: 80-82, cont. Leeson & Mel- lanby. — Insects and micro-climates. [31] 131: 363. Mun- scheid, L. — Die metamorphose des labiums der Odonaten. [94] 143: 201-240, ill. Pflugfelder, O.— Ueber den feineren bau der schlafenorgane der Myriapoden. [94] 143: 127-155. ill. Rabaud, E. — L'instinct maternel des Araignees. Le rapt du sac ovigere. [Bull. Soc. Zool. France] 57: 258-262. Stammer, H. J. — Die metamorphose der syrphide Temnos- toma vespiforme und die eigenartigen anpassungen der larve dieses tieres an das bohren im holz. [46] 26: 437-446, ill. Thomas, M. — L'instinct chez les Araignees. [33] 72: 273-280, ill. Thomas, M. — L'instinct et la psychologic des Hymenopteres. Le determinisme des moeurs des guepes et des abeilles sociales. [33] 72: 177-198. Vance & Smith.- The larval head of parasitic hymenoptera and nomenclature of its parts. [7] 26: 86-94, ill. Wotzel, F.— Zur kenntnis der tympanalorgane der Hydrocores. [94] 143: 241-262, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Chickering, A. M. — Araneae from the Doug'las Lake Region, Michigan. Addi- tions to the list of Araneae from Michigan. [Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts & Let.] 17: 515-520, 521-528. *Crosby & Bishop. — American spiders : Erigoneae, males with cephalic pits. [7] 26: 105-182, ill. *Grandjean, F.— La famille des Protoplophoridae (Acariens). [Bull. Soc. Zool. France] 57: 10-36, ill. (S). *Jacot, A. P. — Phthiracarid mites of Florida. [Jour. E. Mitchell Sc. Soc.] 48: 232-267, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS.— Bird, R. D. -Dragonfly hunting in Oklahoma. [76] 1933: 371-377, ill. Edinger, O. H. — Family Sminthuridae of Southern Cali- fornia. [13] 25: 7. Geijskes, D. C. — The dragonfly-fauna of Trinidad in the British West Indies. [Zool. Meded. Mus. Nat. Hist. Leiden] 15: 96-128, ill. *Samal, J.— Beitrage zur kenntnis der Plecopteren-fauna Siidlabradors. [34] 102: 95-100, ill. Stanford, J. S.— A preliminary list of Utah Siph- onaptera. [Pro. Utah Acad. Sci.] 8: 153-154. *Traver, J. R. -Mayflies of North Carolina. [Jour. E. Mitchell Sc. Soc.] xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 48: 141-206, ill. *Watson, J. R.— Two new species of Plec- trothrips. [39] 17: 16-18, ill. ORTHOPTERA.— Hebard, M.— The orthoptera of Min- nesota. [Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta.] Tech. Bull. 85: 61 pp. *Hebard, M. — Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthopt- era of Colombia. [1] 59: 13-67, ill. Rehn, J. A. G.— Some Dermaptera from Angola, northern Rhodesia and the Bel- gian Congo, with the description of a new species of Kar- schiella. [1] 59: 1-10. HEMIPTERA.— Abbott, C. E.— Notes on the lift history of Jalysus spinosus. 1 19] 28: 43-44, ill. Cummings & Aus- ten.— The bed-bug. Its habits and life history and how to deal with it. [Brit. Mus.] Econ. Ser. No. 5": 27 pp., ill. Drake & Harris. — New American Veliidae. [Pro. Biol. Soc. Washington] 46: 45-53. *Granovsky, A. A. — Two new genera and species of Aphiidae. [10] 35: 29-43, ill. *Green, E. E. — Notes on some Coccidae from Surinam, Dutch Guiana, with descriptions of new species. [Stylops] 2: 49- 58, ill. Lerch, E. C. — A list of Homoptera from Ontario [19] 28: 76-78. Wilson, J. W.— (See under Lepidoptera.) LEPIDOPTERA.— Comstock & Dammers.— Notes on the life histories of two California lepidopterous insects. [38] 32: 27-37, ill. Comstock & Henne. — A new Lycaenid from southern California. [38] 32: 23-26. Schiissler, H.— Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Pars 55. Saturniidae: 1. Sub- fam. Attacinae. 81 pp. Stichel, H. — Lepidopterorum Cata- logus. Pars. 54. Amathusiidae. 171 pp. *Williams, R. C. —A new hesperid from Mexico (Hesperiidae). [1] 59: 11- 12, ill. Wilson, J. W. — The biology of parasites and preda- tors of Laphvgma exigua reared during the season of 1932. [39] 17: 1-15, ill. DIPTERA.— Bromley, S. W.— Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Asilidae. pt. 5: 261-284, ill. Collin, J. E.- Meigen's "Nouvelle Classification": A reply to Mr. Goffe. [8] 69: 61-65. *Curran, C. H.— The Canadian species of the tachinid genera Cryptomeigenia and Tachinomyia. [Trans. R. Soc. Can.] 20, (V) : 155-171, ill. Edwards, F. W.— Semi- final words on Meigen's "Nouvelle Classification." [8] 69: 59-61. *Edwards, F. W. — Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Chironomidae. pt. 2: 233-331; Scenopinidae, My- daida. pt. 5: 258-260. ill. James, M. T— New Asilidae from Colorado. [40] No. 596: 3 pp. Malloch, J. R.— The genus Coelopa (Coelopidae). [75] 11 : 339-350. ill. :i:Malloch, J. R. —Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Rhagionidae, Therevidae, Lonchopteridae. pt. 5: 199-257, ill. Metcalf, C. L. — An obscure Temnostoma differentiated 1>\ iN larval characters (Syrphidae). [7] 26: 1-8, ill. *Parent, O.— Die 140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '33 ausbettte der cleutschen Chaco-Expedition. Dolichopodidae. [56] 11: 241-259, ill. *Serafim & Davis.— Distribution of Aedes (Taeniorhynchus) Taeniorhynchus. Aedes (Taeni- orhynchus) jacobinae, new species. (S). [7] 26: 13-19, ill. Soot-Ryen, T. — Diptera from Arctic Siberia. [Medd. Zool. Mus., Oslo] No. 14: 7 pp. *Van Duzee, M. C.— New Doli- chopidae from North America with notes on several described species. [40] 599: 27 pp., ill. Wilson, J. W.— (See under Lepidoptera.) COLEOPTERA.— *Arrow, G. J.— A few new Melolon- thine Coleoptera from Mexico. [75] 11: 145-151. *Arrow, G. J. — The genus Uroxys (Copridae) with descriptions of some new species. [75] "ll: 385-399, ill. (S.) Brandt, M.- Am nest des kranichs. [Der Naturf., Berlin] 9: 455-457, ill. Dobzhansky, T. — Geographical variation in lady-beetles. [90] 67: 97-126, ill. Gahan & Laing.— Furniture beetles. Their life-history and how to check or prevent the damage caused by the worm. [Brit. Mus.] Econ. Ser. No. 11: 30 pp., ill. *Marshall, G. — New neotropical Curculionidae. [Stylops] 2: 59-69, ill. *Mequignon, A. — Sur les Chelon- arium des Antilles avec descriptions d'especes nouvelles (Byrrhidae). [25] 38: 46-47. Moderegger, U.— Ueber gerichtete variabilitat bei Coccinelliden. Zur variabilitat von Coccinella 14-pustulata. [46] 26: 327-333, ill. *Reichen- sperger, A. — Neue ecitophile Histeriden aus Mittel-und Sudamerika. [34] 101: 299-309, ill. van Emden, F.— Die larven der Callirrhipini. [33] 72: 199-259, ill. Wolcott & Montgomery. — An ecological study of the coleopterous fauna of a tamarack swramp. [43] 33: 113-169. HYMENOPTERA.— *Butcher, F. G.— Hymenopterous parasites of Gyrinidae with descriptions of new species of Hemiteles. [7] 26: 76-85, ill. *Cockerell, T. D. A.— Bees collected by Mrs. Maurice T. James in Pingree Park, Colo- rado. [7] 26: 40-44. Crevecoeur, A. — Recherches biolo- giques sur Ammophila campestris (Sphegidae). [33] 72: 164-176. *Cushman, R. A. — Descriptions of new ichneu- mon-flies with taxonomic notes. [50] 82, Art. 14: 16 pp. *Kennedy & Schramm. — A new Strumigenys with notes on Ohio species (Formicidae). [7] 26: 95-104, ill. Parker & Smith. — Eulophus viridulus, a parasite of Pyrausta nubil- alis. [7] 26: 21-39. ill. Ritcher, P. O.— The 'external mor- phology of larval Bremidae and key to certain species. [7] 26: 53-63, ill. Wilson, J. W. — (See under Lepidoptera.) SPECIAL NOTES — Johansen, J. P. — Danmarks rov- biller eller billefam. Staphylinidae's Danske slaegter og arter. Kobenhavn. 1914. 660 pp., ill. This may be of interest to students of the Staphylinidae. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — The first thirteen volumes of Entomological News, 1890 to 1902 inclusive. Preferably in original monthly parts, unbound. Write John M. Geddes, 331 High St., Williamsport, Pa. Wanted — Xames and addresses of those desiring Coleoptera and Lepidoptera of southwest Arkansas. — Miss Louise Knobel, E. 3rd St., Hope, Arkansas. 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Argonne Drive, Kirkwood, Missouri RECENT LITERATURE FOB SALE BT THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY (900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. COLEOPTERA 862.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Melyridae Number Four. (Trans., 50, 313-318, 1925) 20 961.— Blaisdell (F. E.^r^Studies in the Melyridae Number Ten. (Trans., 57, 325-331, 1 pi., 1932) 20 963.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studie\ in the Tenebrionid tribe Scau- rini: a monographic reVisior of the Eulabes. (Trans., 58, 35-101, 6 pis. 1932)\. 1.50 * DIPTERA. 962. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.). — Studies in the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper 4. (Trans., 58, 1-34, 1932) 65 965. — Painter (R. H.). — A monographic study of the genus Geron Meigen as it occurs in the United States (Bom- byliidae). (Trans., 58, 139-167, 2 pis., 1932) 60 ORTHOPTERA. 964. — Rehn, (J. A. G.). — New or little known Neotropical Blattidae, No. 3. (Trans., 58, 103-137, 2 pis., 1932) 75 967. — Hebard (Morgan). — New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. (Trans., 58, 201-371, 5 pis., 1932) 3.50 LEPIDOPTERA 966. — Bell (E. L.). — Studies in the genus Phocides with descrip- tions of new species (Hesperiidae). (Trans., 58, 169- 199, 5 pis., 1932) 75 GENERAL 3201.— Dietz (W.G.).— Obituary by Marjorie Dietz Bachelor. Bibliography by E. T. Cresson, Jr. (Ent. News, 43, 279-282, 1932) 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JUNE, 1933 Vol. XLIV No. 6 CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863-1932. CONTENTS 141 145 147 Avinoff — William Jacob Holland .................... McClure— The Click Beetle's Click (Coleop. : Elateridae) ....... Brown — Two New Catasticta (Lepid. : Pieridae) .......... Park — The Food and Habits of Temesiphorus costalis Lee. (Coleop.: Pselaphidae) ........ ........ Van Duzee — Preoccupied Names of Dolichopodid Flies and the New Names Proposed for the Species (Diptera) ....... . . Fattig — Water-boatmen Try to Land on Auto Top (Hemipt. : Corixidae) Haskin — The Life Histories of Eurema demoditas, Lycaena theonus and L. hanno (Lepid.: Pieridae, Lycaenidae) ......... Personals ............................. Change of Address. ...... ................ . Roberts — Additional Notes on Myiasis in Rabbits ( Dipt . : Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae) ......................... Entomological Literature ....................... Special Notices— Schmidt's Bibliographia Odonatologica ....... 163 Review — Seitz's Macro-Lepidoptera of the World ............ 164 Review — Weber's Lehrbuch der Entomologie ............. 166 149 151 152 153 156 156 PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Claw Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January IS, 1921. 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The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. Printed covers for 50 copies, $4.00 or more, according1 to number of pages bound. I ENT NEWS. VOL. XLIV . PLATE V. ( PHOTOGRAPH OF ABOUT 1892. ) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XLIV. JUNE, 1933 No. 6 William Jacob Holland. (Portrait, Plate V.) With the death of Dr. William Jacob Holland, which • >c- curred on December 13, 1932, an eminent figure in the world of science passed away. He was the dean of .American en- tomologists, the author of innumerable publications in this field. But Dr. Holland was far more than an eminent entomologist of world-wide reputation — he was a naturalist of a universality of erudition which is but rarely found among scientific men of the present day. With a prodigious memory, a keen under- standing of the diversity of scientific problems, he was at home in the manifold domains of learning. Above all, he was a man of outstanding intellectual and spiritual culture, and that is why his loss has created an irreparable void in the community with which he has been associated for nearly three score of years and within the ranks of his fellow workers in the scientific field. Wrilliam Jacob Holland was born in Bethany, on the island of Jamaica, on August 16, 1848. His family was of Moravian extraction, residing for a long time in Salem, North Carolina. From there his father was sent as a missionary to the West Indies. From early boyhood Dr. Holland was trained in studies of natural history. Upon graduation from the Moravian Col- lege and Theological Seminary at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1867, he received the degree of bachelor of arts from Amherst College in 1869. For a year after graduation he served as principal of a high school in Amherst, and the following year occupied the same position at Westboro. Massachusetts. Hav- ing been ordained into the Moravian ministry, he entered Princeton Theological Seminary and concluded the course in 1874. Subsequently he joined the Presbytery of Monmouth and came to Pittsburgh as pastor of the Belletield Presbyterian Church, which position he held until IS'M. In the course of ""._.. j. 141 JUN 8 1933 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 his pastorate Dr. Holland devoted much time to scientific studies. He went to Japan as a member of the United States Eclipse Expedition in 1887 and used this opportunity in a very profitable way for various biological investigations. In 1891 he was made chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania, now the University of Pittsburgh. In 1898 his friend, Andrew Carnegie, invited him to assume the respon- sibilities as director of the museum founded by this steel mag- nate. This office was held by Dr. Holland with signal success until 1922, when he became director emeritus of the Carnegie Museum. Under the administration of Dr. Holland the museum attained the rank of one of the most important scien- tific institutions of its kind on the continent. It would be scarcely possible to describe in a brief sketch all the outstand- ing services of Dr. Holland to this institution. Any attempt to enumerate his major accomplishments in this respect would be futile since it would necessitate a recital of the whole his- tory of the growth of the Carnegie Museum since its inception. Dr. Holland performed the duties as vice-president of the Carnegie Hero Fund from 1904 to 1922, and upon his election as president of that body became a member of the Carnegie Corporation. In this latter capacity. Dr. Holland had an op- portunity to devote his efforts in a most indefatigable way toward the promotion of the manifold courses within the com- petence of that body. Dr. Holland was an active member of the board of trustees of several institutions of higher learning, and carried on the duties of Belgian Consul for some years after the world war. He had the distinction of becoming the founder of the Ameri- can Association of Museums in 1907, and remained president of the association until 1909. lie was a member of scores of scientific societies, among them the Zoological and Entomologi- cal Societies of London, the Entomological Societies of Amer- ica, Washington, New York, Cambridge, Germany, France, Russia and Brazil; the American Zoological .Society, Royal Society of Edinburgh, American Philosophical Society, and several foreign scientific academies. He was a councilor for the Association for International Conciliation, a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, [since Janu- xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 ary 31, 1882], the Pennsylvania Historical Society, Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania, and Moravian Historical Society, and corresponding member of the American Ento- mological Society. Dr. Holland was the author of numerous scientific treatises and books, notably of "The Butterfly Book" and "The Moth Book," which became sources of reference for specialists and were chiefly instrumental in stimulating a widespread interest in lepidopterology among amateurs in this country. He also wrote many scientific papers issued by the United States Gov- ernment and by various learned societies in America and abroad. The list of his contributions reaches about five hundred biblio- graphical items and covers an extraordinary variety of topics. The entomological papers alone approach one hundred and twenty titles from the year 1886 to the last years of his life. A large proportion of his papers on Lepidoptera deal with forms of Rhopalocera and Heterocera from West Africa. The lepi- dopterous fauna of Congo was thoroughly studied by Dr. Hol- land who also contributed to the knowledge of the butterflies of Somaliland, Sierra Leone, Kamerun, and the Seychelles. Other articles deal with the Lepidoptera of the Bahamas, the Isle of Pines, Hainan, Celebes, and Buru. Several articles written at various times of his long entomological career were devoted to the fauna of different portions of North America. In recent years Dr. Holland paid much attention to certain taxonomic problems and discussed on several occasions the significance of Hiibner's "Tentamen" as a basis for nomen- clatorial changes proposed by some modern authors. The En- cyclopaedia Britannica applied to him as to a leading specialist in the museum field for the preparation of a survey of the his- tory of scientific museums. For the last thirty-four years he edited the Annals and Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. Numerous seats of higher learning honored themselves by bestowing degrees of honorary doctorate upon this distinguished scientist in recognition of his eminence in learning. Among Mich universities were Washington and Jefferson College, Am- herst College. Dickinson College, Xew York University, Bethany College, St. Andrew's in Scotland, and the University of Pittsburgh. 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 Dr. Holland owned an extensive entomological collection which was particularly rich in Lepidoptera from North Amer- ica, Africa, and certain regions of Asia. It contained repre- sentative series of Rhopalocera and Heterocera from various countries in different parts of the world. Especially valuable portions of the collection of Dr. Holland were the Pyralids collected by Pryer in Japan and the well-known collection of North American Rhopalocera assembled by Edwards, with all the types described by these noted entomologists. Dr. Holland's collection included types of many hundreds of new species which were described by him during his life time. One of the most significant scientific achievements of Dr. Holland was connected with the paleontological exploration of the Carnegie Museum which were directed by him in Utah, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota. The finds of these expeditions resulted in many discoveries, including the cele- brated Diplodocus canicgici, the original skeleton of which is adorning the gallery of fossils in the Carnegie Museum, whereas nine replicas were presented to the leading scientific institutions in Europe and both Americas. In recognition of his contribu- tions to science Dr. Holland received decorations from Belgium, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Russia, and Spain. Dr. Holland passed away amid his favorite labors, lending his concentrated attention, as throughout his life, to current problems of natural history advanced by contemporary inves- tigations. Until the end he remained absorbed by the adven- turous spirit of scientific research, responsive to the lure of exploring some new avenue of the ever-widening horizons of knowledge. He lived a life of exceptional usefulness. En- dowed with a profusion of gifts, among which his linguistic abilities were by far not the least, he cultivated his native talents and molded them into a personality of unique qualities and values. A churchman, a leader in education, the father of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, a man of learning honored far and wide by academies, international congresses and uni- versities, Dr. Holland will not only be mourned sincerely, but his achievements will also not fail to remain an inspiration challenging the best within us.* A. AVINOFF. * [An autobiographical sketch of Dr. Holland and a more recent portrait than that here published are in the NEWS for July, 1929. — EDITOR.] xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145 The Click Beetle's Click (Coleop. : Elateridae). By H. ELLIOT McCLURE, Urhana, Illinois. Click beetles with tbeir startling saltatorial abilities have always been fascinating to the author, so that during the past two years a desultory study of the resilience of these insects has been carried on. Individuals of the three species of elaterids, Aeolus dorsalis, Mclanotus difficilis Blatch. and Alans ocitlatus, Linn., were jumped in an effort to determine the average heights they achieved and Mclanotus was studied for effects of fatigue and age upon the heighths of the leap. Two methods of recording the height of the jump were used, the latter proving the more efficient. At first the insects were allowed to spring in a glass cylinder with a rule secured to it by rubber bands. The beetle was placed on its back on a glass plate under this and, as quickly as it regained its feet, was turned over. By watching the apex of the jump on the rule the height could be recorded. As the ascent was not perpendic- ular, the friction with the sides of the cylinder reduced '.he height. The second method gave the insect more freedom and obtained better results. A rule was supported at the back of a glass plate and the peak of the insect's spring recorded approxi- mately from it. The tests were made of evenings in a warm room with the light directly above the specimen. The insects performed equally well under red or white light. They were weighed and measured for comparisons between the species. The tiny Aeolus, seven millimeters long, was the aeronaut of the group. It jumped completely out of the experimental set up. The insect averaged 36.2 centimeters in its jumps and, being only seven millimeters long, leaped 51 times its own length. Mi/aiiotns is a jumper of medium ability. It throws itselt an average of 17.6 centimeters or eleven times its length. < >ne specimen was made to jump 465 times in two hours before it refused to spring. Alans, though of imposing proportions, jumps barely "twice its own length. It averaged 7 centimeters and was very active. 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 springing the instant it was on its back. This was also true of Aeolus, but Melanotus needed considerable teasing after a few jumps. It is interesting to note that, though Alaus jumped only one-fifth the heighth attained by Aeolus, it did twelve times as much work. Of the species studied, the height of the jump was inversely proportional to the size of the insect, the ratio being Aeolus 5. Melanotus 2, and Alaus 1. Subsequent work may show species with average heighths between those studied. TABLE I. Comparison of Jumping abilities of Three Species of Elaterids. Species Aeolus dorsalia Melanotus diffictlis Alaus oculatus Length 7 millimeter 15 mm. 34 mm. Weight 18 milligram 50 mg. 1200 mg. Maximum Height of Jump 49 centimeter 21 cm. 10 cm. Average Jump 36.2cm. 17.6 cm. 7.0 cm. Ratio 5 2 1 Work done per Jump .65 gm. cm. .88 gm. cm. 8 40 gm. cm. No. Jumps 120 986 295 Jumps per Minute 6.6 3.0 7.3 As is known, the mechanism which hurls the insect into the air consists of a prothoracic spine which fits into a mesosternal groove. The spine is pulled out of the groove by throwing the prothorax back so that it catches on a small ridge when fully out of the groove. By the contraction of muscles attached in the pro- and meso-thorax, the spine is plunged into the groove so that the force of its blow and that of the insect's body against the substratum throws the insect spinning upward. A Melanotus, weighing 52 milligrams and jumped at 24 hour periods so as to show the effects of age and fatigue on the ENT. NEWS, VOL. XL1V. Plate VI. UPPER FIGURES: CATASTICTA FORBESIA. LOWER FIGURES: C. FLIZA POSTAUREA. BROWN xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147 heighth of the jump, gave the following results. The first eve- ning the leaps were made in the glass cylinder while the rest were made with the insect free. No. of Ave. No. of Ave. Days 1 Jumps 200 Heigh 11.2 en t Days i. 6. . 7 Jumps 20 Heig 19.0 ht 2 75 183 " 30 19.0 3 61 19.0 " 8 . 50 18.8 4 50 18.7 " 9 15 16.6 5.. 51 19.3 " 10. . .Dead 0.0 During these ten days the insect was kept in a small con- tainer with moist earth and some hits of grass. On the ninth day the insect was almost too weak to pull the spine into place, hut, though the average was slightly lower, several of the jumps were 19 centimeters high or equal to the previous attainments. When the insect was too fatigued to cock the spring it was possible to cock it with one's fingers and then allow the insect to jump. The heighths under such conditions were approxi- mately the same, 16 to 18 centimeters. When fatigue, age, and starvation have no appreciable effect upon the heighths attainable by this species it would seem that the spring must be partly mechanical. That is, not only is the action muscular, but some sort of physical strain exists between the pro- and mesothorax when the spine is pulled back. Two New Catasticta (Lepid. : Pieridae). By F. MARTIN BROWN, Fountain Valley School, Colorado Springs, Colorado. (Plate VI.) While examining the specimens of the genus Catasticta in the museums in America preparatory to a general revision of the genus, I have found several undescribed forms worthy of names. The present paper deals with two such forms. ( Jin- is in the collections of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, the other in the collections at Cornell University. CATASTICTA FLIZA postaurea new subspecies. Upper surfaces: As in C. fli'/.c H.-S., but with the light median band of the secondaries a rich golden yellow instead of white. In addition, in the paratype, the small white snots in the broad black-brown margin of the secondaries are obsolete. 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 The specimens differ from C. noakcsi Joicey and Rosenberg in having a white median band on the primaries. Under surfaces : as in C. fliza, but with the yellow inter- nerval dashes on the disc so broadened as to make practically a continuous yellow band on the secondaries. The specimens differ from C. noakcsi in having a white median band on the primaries and much more extended yellow markings on the secondaries. Length of the costal margin of the f orewing : Type 29 mm. Paratype 27.5 mm. Holotype: a female from Vista Nieve, COLOMBIA. XII. 22. 1922. Coll. by H. L. Viereck. Paratype: possibly a male (no abdomen on specimen) from Hacienda Cincinnati, Sierra San Lorenzo, Magdalena, Colombia, 4200 feet, VII. 21. 1920. The types are in the collections of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Catasticta forbesia new species. Probably allied to C. strauiinae. Upper surfaces : resembling to some degree C. pitana. The specimen differs on this surface from C. pitana in the follow- ing respects : The primaries lack the submarginal row of white dots and the subapical dots are reduced in size ; the black-bro\vn marginal band of the secondaries contains a series of large white spots, some of which run into the white discal area ; the internerval spaces on the margin contain more or less triangular white spots. On the whole, the upper surfaces present the appearance of a slightly aberrant specimen of pitana, with the inner margins of the dark marginal band rather irregular. Under surfaces : It is on these surfaces that the alliance with strauiinae is discernible, the two being identical in shape and position of the maculation. They differ in the base color ; it is white in forbesia and buff in strauiinae. Length of the costal margin of the primary: Type 19.2 mm. For a series of strauiinae the average is 20.4 mm. and for a long series of pitana it is 27.6 mm. Plolotvpe: a male from Tambo Enenas, Camino del Pichis, PERU. VII. 4. 1920. Cornell University Expedition, Lot No. 607, Sub 125. The type is in the collections of the Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. The species is named in honor of Dr. William T. Forbes of that institution. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 The Food and Habits of Temesiphorus costalis Lee. (Coleop. : Pselaphidae). By ORLANDO PARK, Department of Zoology, University of Illinois. The large pselaphid, Tnicsiplwnis costalis Lee., is relatively so abundant in central Illinois that I was led to inquire into its ecology and have accumulated data accordingly since 1926, some of which are given in this short study. In the last year alone forty-four specimens have been taken from a single sugar maple-bur oak forest near Urbana. Here as elsewhere in ecologically equivalent forests studied, the species is found most commonly on the lower, protected sur- faces of moderately moist bark strips which have fallen from logs and come to rest near the latter upon the forest floor. More rarely is it taken under the loose bark of such decayed logs, or within the galleries of ants in the wood, as noted by Blatchley (1910). With careful search it can be obtained throughout the year. My experience has been that the species tends to be locally abundant, and that within a favorable habitat is more often gregarious than solitary. Thus it is common to find three to six beetles under one bark strip, often within several square inches of space, and none or a few widely scat- tered over the rest of the same log debris. As stated by Blatch- ley, this gregarious tendency is apparently stronger in winter, the pselaphids hibernating in a loose aggregation in their habitat niches. The Urbana specimens show a greater preponderance of females (28 $ $ , 16 $ <5 ) collected. Both sexes usually letisimulate when handled. In this re- action the legs are folded closely to the sides of the body, the head is flexed ventrally and the antennae are folded over and pressed along the mid-ventral area of the body. This response endures for from fifteen to two hundred seconds, depending upon the strength of the original stimulus and the number of letisimulations, since too many induced rapidly may shorten the time of feigning. It is of interest to note that this species, while commonly taken away from ants, was taken from the nest galleries of large colonies of Aphaenogaster fulra Roger*. To better understand 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 this relationship hosts and beetles were brought to the labora- tory and studied in petri dish nests as described previously (Park, 1929). In these nests the host workers and queens were not seen ;o molest the beetles, although they may do so. In view of this, and also that the beetles are not confined to the ant nests in nature, but probably visit them irregularly from their adjacent habitat niches in the log mold, Tmesiphonis cost alls may be considered as a facultative synoekete. The facultative habit brings up a number of interesting ques- tions, one of which is the food of such a species, e. g. do the beetles lead a normal predaceous life, eating what they can capture in the log mold or are they specialized feeders? The question cannot be answered definitely at present, but the beetles were not seen feeding upon the small arthropods which co- inhabited the mold. They were found to feed however, upon the brood of their occasional host, Apkaenogaster fulra. This is in agreement with similar findings for other ant-nest psela- phids and clavigerids (Park, 1932 a, b), and tends to the con- clusion that the species may live apart from the ants, but, un- molested, may raid the brood chamber of the host living within the same log. TincsipJioms costalis apparently does not feed every day. When four or five beetles were placed in a laboratory nest with a cluster of host eggs and larvae they did not feed upon the brood sometimes for three days as subsequent counting of the latter proved. Irregularly, however, one of the beetles would be seen investigating the clustered brood and carrying away an egg or larva. The beetle would then usually retire to a crevice and devour them. One female was seen to completely chew up and eat one young larva and one egg in just an hour, the sharp, curved mandibles working steadily, while the fore- legs held the booty in place and the antennae and palpi kept up a continuous movement. Two hours later the same beetle had carried off and eaten a second larva. During this time the other beetles were spending the day with legs and antennae retracted, beneath bits of moist bark in the nest. * I am indebted to Dr. M. R. Smith and Dr. Thomas Park for the identification of the host ants mentioned. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 LITERATURE CITED. BLATCHLEY, W. S. 1910. Coleoptera or beetles, exclusive of the Rhynchophora, known to occur in Indiana. Indianapolis, Nature Pub. Co. PARK, ORLANDO. 1929. Ecological observations upon the myr- mecocoles of Formica ulkei Emery, especially Lcptinus testa- ecus Mueller. Psyche, 36: 195-215. 1932a. The myrmecocoles of Lasius umhrahis ini.rtits aphidicola Walsh. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 25 : 77-88. 1932b. The food of Batrisodcs glo- bosus (Lee.). Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 40:377-378. Preoccupied Names of Dolichopodid Flies and the New Names Proposed for the Species (Diptera). By M. C. Van DUZEE, Buffalo, New York. Having known for some time that some of these names were preoccupied, and my attention having been called to others by Abbe O. Parent, I am giving new names to these species, to- gether with the name, author and time of the first description of the species first described under the name. Sciapus parvus, new name for P silo pus pectoralis Van Duzee, Panama, American Museum Bulletin, Vol. Ixi, Article v, p. 168, April 11, 1931. A Psilopus pectoralis was described by Meij. in 1^13 and has since been placed in Sciapus. Sciapus tenuis, new name for Sciapus tenuitarsis Van Duzee, Brazil, American Museum Novitates. No. 483, p. 12. August 7, 1931. A Psilopus feiutitarsis Meij. was proposed for a species from New Guinea, in 1913. Argyra splendens, new name for Arc/yra splendida \ an Duzee, California, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. Ixvi, Art. 23, p. 21, 1925. An Argyra splcndidiis Meij. was described from Sumatra. in 1916. Sympycnus bullacki, new name, after Mr. Bullock who took the specimens, for Svmpvcnus imperfect us Van Du/ee, Guate- mala, Proc. U. S. National Museum, 'Vol. Ixxiv, Art. 10, p. 25, February 9, 1929. A Symp\cnns imperfectus Becker was described from Europe in 1918. ' Medetera univittata, new name for Mcdetera ohesu Van Duzee, New York State, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., fourth series, Vol. ix, p. 264, 1919. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 A Mcdctcra obcsa Kow. was described from Central Europe in 1877. Medetera arctica, new name for Mcdctcra bicolor Van Duzee, Alaska, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxii, p. 249, 1923. A Mcdctcra bicolor Meig, was described from Central Europe in 1838. Medetera aeneiventris, new name for Medetera acncus Van Duzee, California, California Academy of Sciences, fourth series, Vol. ix, p. 263, August 26, 1919. A Mcdctcra acnca Meigen was- described from Central Europe, in 1838. Medetera viridiventris, new name for Mcdctcra currani Van Duzee, Panama, Bulletin American Museum, Vol. Ix, Art. v, p. 182, April 11, 1932. A Mcdctcra currani Parent, was described from Africa, January, 1932. — «•» — Water-boatmen Try To Land On Auto Top (Hemipt.: Corixidae). While collecting insects on September 8, 1932, we drove off the main highway near Atlanta, down a narrow road through a rather sparse thicket, and parked our auto. It was about four P. M., and the sun was shining very brightly. While we were yet in the auto, we noticed what appeared to be many drops of rain striking the top of the auto. Then we noticed that there were a great number of bugs striking the bright radiator hood. When we got out to catch the bugs we saw hundreds of them striking the bright top of the new auto. We caught several hundred in a few minutes. There must have been several thousand of the corixids that struck the top and radiator hood during the fifteen minutes that we remained there. Mr. H. G. Barber, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, identified the water-boatmen as Arctocoriva nitida Fieber. The next afternoon we drove our old auto to the same spot, but none of the corixids struck the car. Then the next after- noon we again drove our new auto to the same spot, and the bugs again struck the top and radiator hood in great numbers. The sun shining upon the top and radiator hood gave the appearance of water. It was very interesting to watch them as they struck the auto top, a great many of them struck it upside down, then they would use their legs as they would, if they had struck water. We made a survey of the country near the place, and found a small stream a short distance away. This was only a few feet wide and was overhung with small trees. — P. W.FATTIG, Emory University, Emory University, Georgia. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 The Life Histories of Eurema demoditas, Lycaena theonus and L. hanno (Lepid. : Pieridae, Lycaenidae). By J. R. HASKIN, Auburndale, Florida. The year 1932 was very favorable for the study of butter- flies in central Florida. Among the life histories worked out by me were three concerning which little has hitherto been published. EUREMA DEMODITAS Hiibner. This has been listed in Amer- ican catalogues as E. clclia. For a corrective synoimmy please refer to the May number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1933. Eurema demoditas and its forms deposit eggs on .-Icschy- inainciic I'iscidula, SfylosantJiits bi flora and probably other plants of this type when available. The eggs are scattered singly, generally upon upper side of leaves. The egg is irregu- larly spindle shaped, opaque white, resembling the egg of E. cuter pc (lisa} in size and general appearance. Incubation is three davs in warm weather, sometimes four in cooler weather. J The newly hatched larva is about 2 mm. long, head brownish black, body slightly tapered, smooth with a few white hairs, pale yellow-green. In two days it changes, becoming all green including head with a faint light stripe on the sides and with more fine hairs. They camouflage well with the fine stem of food plant and at times are hard to locate. Under favourable conditions they grow to about 8 mm. in about five days. Then growing more rapidly they become 16 mm. in eight days by 2 mm. thickness, tapering- to the rear. In 11 to 12 days a well developed larva will reach 20 to 22 mm. in length by about 2.5 mm. in thickness. During the greater part of growth they look as if the waxv semi-transparent green body seen on the lower half was covered by a close fitting blanket over upper half. This is a lighter dull green, cross corrugated, dotted with tiny white spots and sparsely haired. There is a trace of a darker green line on back. The edge of this "blanket" is greenish-white appearing as a pale stripe along the sides. The head is also light green with fine hairs. After hanging up with button and girdle on a stem of the food plant they remain dormant about a day and then form pupae. A well-developed pupa is 15 mm. in length. In shape it resembles the illustration of /{. lisa in Holland's book, Plate V, no. 56. It has a waxy semi-transparent appearance, pale 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 green in color with a few dark markings on wing case and abdomen. Some of the females are very heavily marked with brown coloring. A trace of a dark line along sides is con- tinued as a row of dots on abdomen. In three or four days the yellow and black of the wings shows plainly and in five days the butterfly emerges. The periods as given above, 20 days in all, cover the warm weather conditions. In the fall months when the weather is distinctly more unfavorable the larval and pupal stages not only lengthen but vary greatly. Eggs taken October 29, hatched in three days, but the larval stage varied from 16 to 42 days and the pupal stage varied from 12 to 16 days. When the temperature becomes lower than 50 degrees F. the larvae lie dormant. Low temperature retards the development of the pupae also. LYCAENA THEONUS Lucas. This butterfly oviposits in the half -developed flower heads of such plants as the cultivated Plumbago. The eggs are rather flattened turban-shaped, mi- cropyle very slightly depressed, surface finely pebbled, color a pale tint of Plumbago blue, cross section about l/2 mm. and depth l/4 mm. They hatch in three to four days. Larvae are flesh colored, hairy, tapering slightly to the rear. Head is small, dark brown, tucked under a cowl-like projection. Length about 1 mm. These larvae at once eat little holes in the side of tender partlv developed buds. In four days they increase from two to 3J/2 mms. and are big enough to eat the entire flower buds. By the eighth clay they are 6 to 7 mm. in length. The skin is curiously roughened, joints strongly arti- culated, traces of pale lines showing along the sides. In 10 to 12 days they become 8 to 9 mm. in length by 2 mm. in breadth. The color is green with an over tone of russet red, skin rough, head and legs concealed by overlapping fringe. The cross section of the body is roughly triangular with the apex depressed. In about 15 days the chrysalids are formed on the under side of leaves. In constructing the girdles some fail to make a single girdle but support themselves by a number of single strands most of which however unite over the back. They are about 6.5 mm. loir;- by 3 mm. wide and 2 mm. deep. Thorax is flesh-colored rind abdomen a pale tan. A few dark gray xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 specks are scattered over the surface with an irregular dark- line along the sides. Abdomen is slightly haired. Under side is not flattened but rounded. In a general way it resembles the pupa of coinvntas. In four days the butterfly colors show and in six to seven days the butterflies emerge. This study was made during the first half of the warm and dry month of September. In April. 1933, I found thconns ovipositing on Galactia pilosa, on Lower Matecumba Key in Florida. LYCAENA HANNO Stoll. This common butterfly oviposits abundantly on Chauiaccrista brachiata and aspcra. Fine large specimens also develop from eggs laid in the partly developed heads of the Crab's-eye vine, Abrns precatorius. I watched a female laying eggs on the Partridge Pea (brachiata}. The leaf 'of this plant is made up of 20 to 30 leaflets. Hanno would light on the upper side of a leaf near the main stem and crawl slowly across the branching leaflets dragging its tail along the surfaces. When it came to a fair opening between two leaflets it stuck its tail through and by curling it under would deposit an egg on the under side of the leaf. The dwarf or hairy Partridge Pea (aspcra) has a leaf composed of 40 to 50 small leaflets set closely together. When laying eggs on this plant Hanno does not attempt the same tactics but oviposits either on the upper side of a leaflet or on the very hairy stem of the new fresh growth. On the Crab's-eye vine the eggs are tucked in between the half -devel- oped buds. In this district, Hanno's number is kept low by a minute parasite wasp which deposits its egg in the butterfly's egg. This parasite has been identified by Air. Gahan. of the U. S. National Museum, as "Trichogramma sp., probably iniinttiiin, Riley." Added to this many eggs seem to be infertile. Less than 107 developed larvae out of a large' number gathered. The egg of hanno is a dainty light plumbago blue the shade varying slightly on different eggs. It is turban-shaped, rather Hat. with a depressed top and a tiny green center. Width is a shade over ]/2 mm. and depth }4 mm. Surface is roughend with a finely pebbled pattern. Incubation is three days. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 The larvae on emerging are about 1 mm., black bead, flesh- colored body with a few long, scanty, upstanding hairs. They immediately seek young partly-developed flower buds and feed on the sides of the buds. In a day or so the color becomes clear amber. In three days the larva changes, the skin roughens and becomes more hairy, head black, body flesh-colored, length about 2 mm. In 5 or 6 days some become green and others rufous in color, length about 4 mm. In 11 days the green and rufous colors are strongly marked, the tiny black head on a transparent neck is hidden along with its legs by folds that over-lie them. Segments are well-articulated, cross-section of body triangular with raised apex. There is a curious green raised dot on either side of the llth segment. The larvae attain full growth of about 8 mm. in 14 to 18 days. The green larvae have a reddish stripe along the back while the rufous- colored ones have a greenish under-shade. They now retire to the dead leaves on the floor of the breeding cage and after lying quietly one or two days the pupae are formed. The pupae are waxy pale green with a trace of a line along the center of abdomen. In shape they somewhat resemble L. scitddcri and are 9 mm. in length, the abdomen much larger than the thorax. As pupation progresses the wings show whit- ish, then blue and white, the abdomen waxy green. In five to eight days the butterflies emerge. This study was made during the period from September 25 to October 27, 1932, with eggs gathered in five separate lots. Personals. We learn through The Naturalist that Mr. Herman J. Erb is now employed by the Standard Scientific Supply Corp., New York, cataloging, indexing and organizing the entomological department of that company. Their publication, The Natur- alist is devoted to the interest of the naturalist, scientist and collector and the first issue contains many little newsy articles of interest. It may be secured by addressing the publishers, 34 West 4th Street, New York. We note in The Pan Pacific Entomologist that Dr. E. C. Van Dyke is having an interesting and profitable trip thru Europe studying at the large museums and plans to do some collecting in Egypt. Change of Address. (Miss) Harriet A. Wickwire, Camp Wyoda, Little York, New York, formerly 55 Tomkins Street, Cortland, N. Y. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 Additional Notes on Myiasis in Rabbits (Dipt. : Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae). By R. A. ROBERTS, Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. The frequency of screw worm infestations in Lcpits cali- fornicns tc.riaints Waterhouse, the common Texas jack raH>i;. at Uvalcle, Texas, has led to the conclusion that myiasis in rabhits is not uncommon in nature. Johannsen, in 1926, wrote of the occurrence of larvae of Wohlfahrtia vigil \Yalk. in young rabbits reared in the open at Ithaca, N. Y. He has continued to observe attacks by this species on rabbits. In 1931 the author reported several cases in which blowfly attacks on jack rabbits followed either gunshot wounds or lesions caused by the larvae of Cutcrcbra. These instances oc- curred in 1930, and since then two additional cases of infesta- tions of gunshot wounds have been observed. These are here described in detail, the Sarcophaga being determined by David G. Hall. * As soon as the rabbits in the two cases were killed collec- tions of larvae from the wounds, together with the flesh sur- rounding the affected area, were immediately removed from the animal and placed in quart Mason jars containing siftul sand. These jars were capped with lids of 60-mesh wire cloth and placed in fly-proof cages in a fly-proof insectary. No subsequent fly infestation was therefore possible. Case 1. On July 24, 1931, an adult jack rabbit weighing 6l/2 pounds was killed in dense mesquite brush. An infested wound 30 by 50 mm. was found on the left rump at the base of the tail, extending through the fleshy portion to the inside of 'ihe leg where it again opened. It was apparently caused by a small-caliber rifle. Some of the fly larvae present were mature, and it appeared that others had migrated. This Miggested an old wound. A seropurulent discharge was occurring, and the wound had an extremely foul odor. The larvae had workrd entirely through the leg, and additional fly eggs had been de- 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 ]>( »sited recently on the side of the wound. It was apparent that the rabbit would have died. The following adult speci- mens were reared from the larvae which remained in the wound : August 5 to 7, 35 Cochlioniyia niaccllaria Fab.; August 15, 1 Sarcophaga plinthopyga \Yiecl. Case 2. On May 20, 1(>32, an adult jack rabbit was killed in a dense growth of mesquite and cactus. An injury in the head, another on a rear leg, and roughened spots on other parts of the body indicated that the rabbit had been previously wounded with a shotgun. The rabbit was greatly emaciated. The wound, 45 mm. in diameter, in the lower right side of the face, pene- trated through skin and flesh into the interior of the mouth, extending up to about 25 mm. below the eye, and included the right nostril. There was no discharge or pus although the wound appeared old. There were many small maggots and some larger ones ; a fresh lot of eggs had been deposited on the margin of the wound. The rabbit apparently would have died. The emergence from the larvae collected was as follows : May 31 to June 1, 16 C. niaccllaria; June 6 to 15, 583 S. plin- thopyga; and June 13-14, 2 Bracliyineria fonscolornbci (Dufour). The last mentioned insect is a hymenopterous parasite of blowflies, and this is the first record of its being reared from blowfly larvae removed from a wound. However, this parasite has been observed upon wounds in living cattle. In each of these cases, and in those previously recorded by the author, the screw worm fly, C. niaccllaria, was reared. In all instances of gunshot wounds, larvae of S. plinthopyga were present. S. plinthopyga did not accompany any infestations of screw worms in Cntcrcbra lesions in rabbits, but in one instance Sarcophaga snlcata Aid. was found. Hlowfly attacks in rabbits probably follow many gunshot wounds, and it is probable that during the seasons with weather favorable for fly attacks such infestations result fatally. An infestation of a body wound is almost certain to result in the penetration of the intestine, and a head wound permits early penetration of the mouth and nostrils. Infestations occasionally occur within Cntcrcbra lesions, which are usually on the rump, if favorable conditions of temperature and humidity exist. xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 In most cases noted, additional masses of eg^s. probably oi" C. macellaria but possibly of Lucilia, had been deposited on the wound margins. From the second case noted in this paper, the 583 S\ plinthopyga larvae would be sufficient to consume the soft tissues of the entire head of the rabbit. On October 16, 1^31, a matured Culcrchra larva was re- moved from the back of a jack rabbit. The larva was placed in a pint Mason jar containing 2 inches of dry sand, where it overwintered as a pupa. At no time was moisture added. Four and a half months (136 days) later, on February 29, 1932. an adult male Cuterebra scnddcri Tns. emerged. This is a rather rare species. It was determined by J. M. Aldrich. LITERATURE CITED. JOHANNSEN, O. A. 1926. ITolilfalirtia I'itjil, a parasite upon rabbits. Jour. Parasit. 13: 156. ROBERTS, R. A. 1931. Myiasis in Jack Rabbits, Lcpus cali- fornicus tc.rutnits. Jour. Parasit. 18: 102-104. Entomological Literature COMPILED BY LAURA S. MACKEY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OP E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials published in our January and June issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for lOc. The number of, or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c. the latter within ( ) follows; then the pagination follows the colon : All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. *Papers containing new forms or names have an preceding the author's name. (S) Papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper. For records of Economic Literature, see the TCxpci i -'tation Rec- ord, Office of Experiment Stations. Washington. Also Review <>f Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers mi Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Kni i>mol<.ir\ . Series r> ;i '. : 347-387, ill. *Borgmeier, T. — Duas especics novas de Tabanidae do P>rasil. | 105 | 3: 1-5. ill. *Borgmeier, T.— Cm novo genero myrmccophilo de Phorideos da Argentina. |K'5| 3: 45-48, ill". Campos, F. — Kl gigantesco taban<> Pantophthalmus bellardii. |H)8| 14: 17-19. Fischer, C. R.- Xota sobre An- a-trc'pha punctala (Trypctidae ) c uma especie nova de 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June> '33 Cyrtonotum (Drosophilidae). [105] 3: 83-92, ill. Glasgow, H. — The host relations of our cherry fruit flies. |12j 26: 431-438, ill. *Hendel, F. — Ueber einige typen Wiede- mann's und Schiner's von acalyptraten Musciden atts Sud- amerika, nebst einigen verwandten arten. [105] 3: 58-83, ill. *James, M. T. - - New Asilidae from Colorado. [40] 596: 3 pp. ^Shannon, R. C. -- Correction in Anopheles. [10] 35: 58. Townsend, C. H. T.— On Nyssorhynchus tarsimaculatus Goeldi and the races of Nyssorhynchus. [105] 3: 7-12. *Van Duzee, M. C.— On five species of Dip- tera, new and old. [55] 9: 63-67, ill. *Van Duzee, M. C.- New Dolichopodidae from North America with notes on sev- eral described species. [40] 599: 27pp. *Van Duzee, M. C. - - The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932. [61] 21: 65-73, ill. (S). COLEOPTERA.— *Bierig, A. — Especies nuevas o poco conocidas de Neobisnius (Staphylinidae) de la region neo- tropica. [105] 3: 48-57, ill. *Blair, K. G.— Further Coleop- tera from the Galapagos Archipelago. [75] 11: 471-487. *Blaisdell, F. E. — A new species of Helops from Guadalupe Island (Tenebrionidae). [55] 9: 88-90. Boving, A. G- Description of the larva of Decadiomus pictus (Scymnini, Coccinellidae). [Pro- Biol. Soc- Washington] 46: 101-104, ill. *Bruch, C. — Coleopteros mirmecofilos de Misiones (Staph. Pselaph. Hister.). [105] 3: 12-37, ill. *Bruck, C. R. — Two new species of Phloeosinus Chapuis (Scolytidae). [4] 65 : 54-56. Campos, F. — Anormalidades observadas en una pareja de Stenodontes villardi. Nueva anormalidad ob- servada en el Coleoptera Euchroma gigantea. [108] 14: 15-16; 21-22, ill. *Chapin, E. A. — A new genus of West Indian Coccinellidae. [Pro. Biol. Soc. Washington] 46: 95-100, ill. *Hopping, R. — A new buprestid from British Columbia, with notes on the genus Buprestis. [55] 9: 84- 88. Linsley, E. G. — Two interesting new records. [55] 9: 92. *Linsley, E. G. — A new species of Neoclytus from White Fir ( Cerambycidae). [55] 9: 93-94. A new Cali- fornia clerid beetle. [55] 9: 95. Metcalf, C. L. — Thylodrias contractus. [12] 26: 509-510. *Musgrave, P. N— New spe- cies of Helmidae. [10] 35: 54-57, ill. Parkin, E. A.— The larvae of M>im- wood-boring Anobiidae. [22] 24: 33-68, ill. de Peyerimhoff, P. — Les larves des Coleopteres d'apres A. G. Boving et F. C. Craighead et les grands criteriums de 1'ordre. [24] 102: 77-106. Smith, Q. J.— A study of the Tenebrionidae of southeastern Iowa. [Pro. 1'owa Acad. Sci.J 38: 259-265, ill. xliv] KXTOMOLOC.ICAL NEWS 1<>3 HYMENOPTERA.— Borgmeier, T.— A rainha cle Eciton rogeri (Formicidae). [105] 3: 92-96, ill. *Cockerell, T. D. A. — Descriptions and records of bees. (S). (75J 11 : 456-468. *Cockerell, T. D. A.— Rocky Mountain Bees. [40] 595: 3 pp. *Fage, L. — Les Arachnides cavernicoles de Belgique. f3S| 25: 53-56, ill. Flanders, S. E. — Some early observations concerning Trichogramma. [12| 26: 511. Hicks, C. H.— A study of Sphex breviceps. [4] 65: 49-54. Hicks, C. H.— Note on the relationship of an ichneumonid to certain digger wasps. [55] 9: 49-52. *Muesebeck, C. F. W.— Five- new hymenopterous parasites of the oriental fruit moth. [35] 10: 48-54. SPECIAL NOTICES.— Bibliography of Australian En- tomology 1775-1930, with biographical notes on authors and collectors. By A. Musgrave. A 380 page publication of the Royal Zoological Society of New South "Wales 1932, which students of other faunae mav find useful. The first Lieferung of Bibliographia Odonatologica, compiled by Dr. Erich Schmidt, Berlin-Steglitz, and published by Fritz Wagner, Vienna, xviii, Haizingergasse 4, has appeared" under date of April 15, 1933. Announcement of this project was made in the NEWS for November, 1931, page 245. This install- ment comprises one plate and 116 pages in large clear type. The text contains the titles and places of publication of all papers, in chronological order, on Odnnata, under authors' names, arranged aphabetically, from Aaron to Dobson. In many cases the author's name is followed by tue dates of his birth and death, the localitv in which he chiefly lived or worked » j and references to biographies or obituary notices. Plate I is labeled "Amerikanische Autoren" and contains portraits of E. M. Walker, E. B. Williamson, P. P. Calvert, C. H. ivenne^y and J. G. Needham. It is expected that 4 or 5 additional parts, each of 80-96 pages and a plate of portraits, will be required to complete the book. Until the publication of Lieferung 2, the price for the entire work is 1.20 Reichsmark for each "Bogen" (16 pages) and .80 RM. for each plate. Afterward ihe price will be 1.50 and 1.00 RM. respectively. The last part is to include subject, zoogeographical, anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, migrational and other indexes. The bibliography appears to be very complete and should be extreme! v useful. As the publication of the entire work awaits a sufficient number of subscribers, it is to be hoped that all students of this group of insects and all entomological laboratories and libraries will assist themselves by subscribing at once. 1(4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\\ S | J UllC, '33 Probably every student of Lepidoptera has seen or is aware of the magnificent work on that order entitled THE MACRO- LEPIDOPTERA OF THE WORLD by Dr. Adolf Seitz, now being published by Alfred Kernen of Stuttgart. Without doubt it is. in this line, the greatest undertaking of recent years, and too much applause cannot be given Dr. Seitz for giving the entomological world such a splendid monument. Its conception was daring and its production, now in its twenty- sixth year, required courage, and faith in mankind. Its com- pletion is essential and Dr. Seitz should have the support of all those able to give such, either financially by subscribing to it, or by collaborating in its production.. The plan of the author in this great work was to describe and figure all of the known species of butterflies and the larger moths of the world, giving their systematic arrangement based on the most recent revision by recognized authorities. This attempt to cite all the known species with their important synonyms, and to illustrate in color almost every species men- tioned, is fairly well carried out, and this alone makes the work an absolutely necessary part of the library of every working macro-lepidopterist. The work appears in two parts. ( 1 ) Palaearctic Fauna, con- sisting of four volumes completed, 1864 pp., 345 pis., and four supplementary volumes now printing. (2) Exotic Fauna, which is divided into three sections, Americana, Indo-Australiana and Africana, which will comprise sixteen volumes. The volumes on the butterflies 2956 pp., 460 pis., and some of those on the moths are completed. A seventeenth volumn will treat of the morphology, biology and geographical distribution. The work is published in quarto size, in German, French and English editions, and may be secured from the publishers in any desired combination of families. Information will be gladly supplied by addressing Alfred Kernen, Verlag, Poststrasse 7, Stuttgart, Germany. However commendatory this work may be, there are, as is to be expected, some imperfections, especially errors in typog- raphy and in taxonymy, and others which are more or less pardonable. But we also find a few which are not excusable, and these latter should be called to the attention of those con- sulting the work. Not being a lepidopterist in the strictest sense of the word, I may possibly lay too much stress on what will be considered trivial, ignoring, for lack of knowledge more of the fundamental. But it is these trivial things that are annoying and quite numerous while the fundamental are prob- ably few. It is by having had to consult this great work in attempting to determine species when rearranging collections of xlivj KXTOMOI.OilH AL XKWS 1 < O American Heterocera, and by instances called to mv attention by authoritative students of this order, that the following re- marks are made. The quality of the color work on the numerous plates is sometimes very poor, which when figuring species very similar in color and pattern, renders the illustrations practically worth- less. We often find an entirely different color from that described, or the pattern too prominent, or rarely entirely in- correct. Of course the mechanical rendition of the correct colors and their tints and shades is extremely difficult, and one cannot expect to secure by this means an exact reproduction of the original colors without incurring prohibitory expense. On the other hand an incorrect color figure is very misleading and of possible value only if showing the pattern clearly enough to assist the description of the color. Better still in such cases would be references to good previous figures of the species, if such exist, and which would be well worth the extra line or two. It was, of course, necessary to have different students work up the families or groups in which they are considered to be, and should be, authoritative, but the selection of these colla- borators, in some cases was very unfortunate. This resulted in considerable difference in the quality of descriptions; indeed many are quite worthless. I have seen some inexcusable errors in giving references to the illustrations, errors in giving the name of the author of the species, sometimes omitting it entirely, evidence of poor proofreading. Sometimes a specific name will be changed in one place and not in another. Errors in giving the vein terminology correctly, often result in such glaring non- sense as "vein 2 midway between 2 and 4." These of course are readily caught by one familiar with the subject discussed. More serious it is that there is no uniformity in the vein terminology, which in some instances will no doubt lead the novice far ast rax- Some collaborators use the number system of Meyrick and Hampson ; one uses median for the veins which another terms the radials, or radials of one are the snbcostals of another. ( >ne often runs against "dead ends" where a comparison is made with a species not mentioned in the work, or with species which do not appear from the description or figure to be enough alike for comparison. This latter procedure is very common. Inexcusable' and much to be criticized is the trend, encoun- tered now and then, of a collaborator discoloring his work with personalities, often going so far as to make bare misstatemeiiN of facts. As an example may be selected a part on the Khopalo- cerous genus Lycaena where we find the following statemmt : " pallidecramera and pallidecanariensis Verity are two names Dr. Verity has kindly provided for forms still to be discovered 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 which he presumes to occur in clamp localities in Africa. . . . A kindlier provision for the future can scarcely be imagined." The fact is, as can be readily ascertained, Dr. Versity based these names on forms from Northern Africa elegantly figured by Oberthur in his magnificent "fitudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee." One consulting this part of the work should be cautious in accepting statements made therein. Very annoying are the long delays in the appearance of a plate or two in a group where all the text and the other associated plates have been issued for some time. I note here one instance where the text was printed in 1928, and one of the associated plates has not yet appeared. These remarks may seem to convey the idea that we here have a very imperfect and impractical work. I hope that no one will so understand my purpose. These volumes have a place on our work tables that cannot be taken bv anv other. - j They are of inestimable value and are constantly being used by many working macrolepidopterists. I have said above that errors cannot be eliminated in a work constructed as this one is. and my purpose here is to call the attention of lepidopterists to this grand work, and also prepare them for the nature of some of the errors contained therein. E. T. CRESSON, JR. LEHRBUCH DER ENTOMOLOGIE, by Professor HERMANN WEP.KU, of Danzig. 726 pages, 555 figures. Published by Gustav Fischer, Jena. A first glance through the pages of this book, treating largely of insect structure, reveals at once that we have opened some- thing new in entomological texts. The general appearance breaks with tradition, most of the old familiar illustrations are absent, and a multitude of new ones takes their places; ento- mology here asserts that it has passed its adolescent stage. The book is not only predominantly morphological in ;hc sense that it deals largely with structure and the homologies of structural parts, but it is morphological from the viewpoint that anatomical form is an adaptation to function. In other words, the morphology of insects becomes a part of the biology of insects, as it properly should be. The chapters do not follow the conventional classification of organs according to anatomical continuity of tissues ; the subject of each section embraces the organs that are functionally associated in the maintenance of the physiological activities of the insect. Animal functions that maintain the individual consist of two principal groups of activities, namely, metabolism and movement ; thereto, and utilizing each, is added the function of reproduction. For the first time in entomology we have a general text book in which xliv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 the subject of morphology is built up on this fundamental fact. The first chapter gives a leading example of the naturalness and educational value of associating in a text the organs that work together in the economy of the animal. It deals with ihe skeleton and the musculature; that is, it presents as a unity ihe structural elements of insect mechanisms. In the older text books on entomology, the skeleton and the muscles had little to do with each other, except perhaps that a few diagrams showed something of the mechanism of a leg or the wings. If the muscles were given particular attention they were assigned to a special chapter on muscles. Here the student could leave them if he so chose, and he usually did so choose. As a conse- quence many entomologists have grown up with the idea that a work on insect anatomy is principally the making of a map of the skeletal sclerites. Far from being an exhausted subject. the study of the external structure of insects offers vet to the student its most interesting and instructive phase, which is that of understanding the relation of sclerites to muscles, and of following thus the evolution of insect mechanisms. From the practical standpoint of determining the homologies of skeletal parts used in the description of insect species, a study of muscles will easily vindicate itself. Where endless series -if comparative studies on sclerites have been made without lead- ing to conclusive results, a reference to the muscles will in many cases show at once fundamental structural distinctions that were overlooked entirely in purely surface studies. However, it is the fate, or the natural course, of most sciences, and particulirlv of entomology, to progress backward. Hence, it is encouraging to feel that, with the arrival of a new guide, we are at last able to see where we are going. The only faults that can be found in Dr. Weber's treatment of the skeletal parts are in places where he has ivt suflin'ently based his scheme of skeletal homologies on the muscle relations. Thus his treatment of the labium is not entirelv satisfactory or consistent, because the primary elements of the organ are not distinguished in all cases according to the evidence from "mi-rl? attachments. Also, it would appear, the hrmo1o<.>''rs of the in- gestive mechanism are not consistentlv followed tlmincrh the *T> various groups of insects, especially in the sucking orders But the field is new. and further studies are certain to throw more light on structural relationship that are as yet imperfe-tlv understood. On the other hand, the author gives us a wealth of anatomical details from his own wide knowledge of the feeding mechanism of insects. The Nervous System and the Sense Ort/uns furnish the sub- 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '33 ject matter for the second chapter. Much of the text on the nervous system deals with the finer structure of the nerve cen- ters, such as the interrelation of the fibrous tracts in the brain and the ventral nerve cord. To the sense organs are devoted 67 pages, in which the author apparently has condensed and tabulated practically all that is known on the subject of sense receptors in insects, and what is not incorporated in the text is made available by the many bibliographical references. The third chapter, entitled Tlic Interaction of the Sense Organs, the Nen'oits System, and the Effectors, links up the chain of structural elements described in the two preceding chap- ters. It includes a discussion of the physiology of reflexes- coordination, orientation, and the usual tropisms. The fourth chapter, on The Organs of Metabolism, is a natural assemblage of the structural parts of the insect's body that maintain the chemical life of its constituent cells. The chapter, therefore, treats of the organs of alimentation, the Malpighian tubules- the respiratory system, the blood, the organs of circulation, the oenocytes, and the fat body, and includes for good measure the ectodermal glands. The subjects of the fifth chapter. Reproduction and Develop- ment, are associated with each other, as they are in many text books, though biologically they are quite distinct processes. The two may- and often are, put at opposite ends of a book, and, indeed, it is a perplexing problem to decide whether devel- opment should be used as a guide to adult structure, or given as the biological sequence of the reproductive function. Since a book must have a beginning and an end, the author must decide where to cut the life cycle. The text treats fully the organs of reproduction, the history of the germ cells, fertiliza- tion, egg-laying, nest building, care of the brood, and concludes with 58 pages devoted to ontogeny in its wider sense, including embryonic and postembryonic development. The sixth chapter is a condensed survey of the principal fields of insect ecology. The seventh and final chapter presents a brief but comprehensive review of insect classification. The remainder of the book includes many pages of classified litera- ture references, probably 2000 entries by author's name and place of publication, and concludes with an ample index. The subject of insect morphology, as demonstrated by Dr. Weber's book, has now reached a stage in which it may rightly assert its ability to render the fundamental services that should be expected of it to the other branches of entomological science, particularly, in taxonomy and insect relationships, physiology, and ecology. R. E. SNODGRASS. EXCHANOES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three line^. f-ee to subicr'b-rs. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — The first thirteen volumes of Entomological News, 1890 to 1902 inclusive. Preferably in original monthly parts, unbound. Write John M. Geddes, 331 High St., Williamsport, Pa. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring Coleoptera and Lepidoptera of southwest Arkansas. — Miss Louise Knobel, E. 3rd St., Hope, Arkansas. Wanted — October, 1919, and December, 1919, copies of Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Cash. Harriet A. Wick- wire, 55 Tompkins St., Cortland, N. Y. Wanted for Cash or Exchange — Uncommon species of North American Lepidoptera. Several of each kind. D. V. Brown, Pleas- anton, California. Butterflies — Desire correspondence from Western United States, Canada and Alaska. Will exchange rare California material for specimens from your locality. Lloyd M. Martin, P. O. Box 52, Roscoe, California. Exchange — Local Venezuelan (South America) species_ of lepidop- tera offered in exchange for North American species. Oscar Zuloaga, P. O, Box 263, Caracas, Venezuela. Exchange. — Desire Lepidoptera, particularly specimens and data of Wisconsin and U. S. Catocala. Exchange for same. Wm. E. Sicker, 46 Breeze Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin. Will buy or exchange — Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Wanted — West Coast Geometrids for cash or in exchange for California Butterflies. Edward Guedet. P. O. Box 305, Napa, Calif. Wanted — Western species of Bumblebees, all three castes: also Psithyrus and Catocala. A. P. Morse, Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass. Will Buy Agromyzidae from North, South, Central America and the West Indies. Special prices for reared material with host records and pressed specimens of mines. S. W. Frost, Arendtsville, Penn- sylvania. Wanted — Hypenids and other quadnfid Noctuids from all parts of vnrth America bv exchange or purchase A. Glenn Richards, Jr.. Df^nt. Bi<~>logv. Univ. of Rochester. Rochester. X. Y. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring insects from Wisconsin. Will collect in all orders from Alay to October. Corres- pondence invited. George Kettler, Platteville, Wis. Wanted — Names and addres^-^ of those desiring Col'-nptrra. Lep'- doptera and Hv^enoptera of P-nntvlvania pnd New Jersey. R. C. Casselberry, 71 E. Price Ave., Lan^downe. Pa. Exchange — Texas Orthoptcra. F. P>. Isely. Trinity University, "\Ynxahachie, Texas. Wanted -- Names ?nd addresses of thosr desiring insects from Colorado. Charles H. Hicks. P. O. Box 262, Boulder. Col,. -ado. Ward's Entomological Services Entomological Supplies and Equipment Carefully designed by professional entomologists. Ma- terial of high quality at low prices. Send for Catalogue No. 348. Insect Preparations Life Histories, Type Collections, Collections of Econo- mic Insects and Biological Insect Collections. All specimens are accurately determined. Send for Catalogue No. 360. Insects for the Pest Collection We have in stock over three hundred species of North American Insect Pests. Send for Pi ice List No. 349. Ward's Entomological Bulletin A monthly publication sent free to all entomologists requesting it. Information for the Beginner Send for u Directions for Collecting and Preserving In- sects " by Dr. A. B. Klots. A mine of useful information. Price 15 cents. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station ROCHESTER, N. Y., U. S. A. The Frank A. Ward Foundation of Natural Science of the University of Rochester BUTTERFLY WHEN YOU SELL YOUR COLLEC- TRANSITION FORMS TIONS, SELL THESE KINDS OF AND "FREAKS" SPECIMENS SEPARATELY. WANTED THEY BRING MORE. JEANE D. GUNDER, 310 LINDA VISTA AVENUE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA native Florida Butterflies and Moths spread for Riker Mounts or in papers. Also make up Riker Mounts to order. Chrysalids and Larvae. MRS. LESLEY E. FOBSYTH, Florida City, Florida. T^ *„ _ Indian Butterflies in papers including about 20 different Papilios, rlllC showy Delias, Charaxes, etc., $5. 00 per 100 (50 species). Several thousand Morphos from French Guiana, etc., at cheap rates. British Lepi- doptera, 1500 species ; British Coleoptera, 2000 species, cheap named collec- tions. British Diurnals, in papers, 100 specimens (50 species) named=$3.00, mailed free. Many important books on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Lists from A. FORD 42. IRVING ROAD. BOURNEMOUTH. ENGLAND RECENT LITERATURE FOB SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. COLEOPTERA 963. — Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Tenebrionid tribe Scau- rini: a monographic revision of the Eulabes. (Trans., 58, 35-101, 6 pis. 1932: . . . 1.50 DIPTERA. 965. — Painter (R. H.). — A monographic study of the genus Geron Meigen as it occurs in the United States (Bom- byliidae). (Trans., 58, 139-167, 2 pis., 1932) . . , 60 ORTHOPTERA. 964. — Rehn, (J. A. G.). — New or little known Neotropical Blattidae, No. 3. (Trans., 58, 103-137, 2 pis., 1932) 75 968. — Rehn (J. A. G.)- — Some Dermaptera from Angola, North- ern Rhodesia and Belgian Congo, with the description of a new species of Karschiella. (Trans., 59, 1-10, ill., 1933) 20 967. — Hebard (Morgan). — New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. (Trans., 58, 201-371, 5 pis., 1932) 3.50 970. — Hebard (Morgan).' — Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Columbia. Supplement to papers 1-5. (Trans., 59, 13-67, 2 pis., 1933) 1.15 LEPIDOPTERA 966.— Bell (E. L.). — Studies in the genus Phocides with descrip- tions of new species (Hesperiidae). (Trans., 58, 169- 199, 5 pis., 1932) 75 969. — Williams (R. C., Jr.). — A new Hesperid from Mexico. (Trans., 59, 11-12, 1 pi., 1933) 20 971. — Williams and Bell. — Studies in the American Hespero- idea. Paper I. (Trans., 59, 69-84, 1 pi., 1933) 35 GENERAL 3201. — Dietz (W.G.). — Obituary by Marjorie Dietz Bachelor. Bibliography by E. T. Cresson, Jr. (Ent. News, 43, 279-282, 1932) 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JULY, 1933 Vol. XLIV No. 7 JUL 1 5 1933 CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863-1932. CONTENTS Leussler — An Apparently Undescribed Hesperia (Lepid.: Hesperii- dae) Avinoff — List of Entomological Papers Written by Dr. W. J. Holland. Fernald — Sex of Migrating Monarch Butterflies (Lepid.: Nymphalidae) Linsley and Martin— Notes on Some Longicorns from Subtropical Texas (Coleop.: Cerambycidae) , PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Clau Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Sectu Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. 169 171 177 178 Knight— How to Keep the Red Type Labels Red. Coding — Synonymical Notes on Membracidae. III. (Homop.) . . . Hints for Collectors Entomological Literature Review — Hingston's — A Naturalist in the Guiana Forest Review — Balfour-Browne's— A Text-book of Practical Entomology. . . 195 Review— Kennedy's— Methods for the Study of the Internal Anatomy of Insects Review — Flint and Metcalf— Insects — Man's Chief Competitors .... Obituary — Dr. Frederic W. Goding 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The Americas Entomological Society. Philip P. Calvert. Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., R. G. Sthmieder.Ph.D., Associate Editors. Advisory Committee : Philip Laurent, J. A. G. Rehn, Chas. Liebeck, J. Chester Bradley, Ph.D., Frank Morton Jones, John C. Lutz, Max Kisliuk, Jr., Wm. W. Chapman. The subscription price per year of ten (10) numbers is as follows: United States and possessions, Central and South America . $3.00 Canada .... 3.15 Foreign 3.25 Single copies 35 cents. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. 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Calvert, Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. The receipt of all papers will be acknowl- edged. Owing to the limited size of each number of the NEWS, articles longer than six printed pages will be published in two or more installments. unless the author be willing1 to pay for the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. Proof will be sent to authors. Twenty-five "extras" of an author's contribu- tion, without change in form and without covers, will be given free when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired this should be stated on the MS. Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will be published in the NEWS for the present, except where authors furnish the necessary blocks (or pay in advance the cost of making blocks) and also pay for the cost of printing plates. Information as to the cost will be furnished in each case on application to the Editor. Blocks furnished or paid for by authors will, of course, be returned to authors, after publication, if desired. Stated Meetings of The American Entomological Society will be held at 7.30 o'clock P. M., on the fourth Thursday of each month, excepting June, July, August, November and December, and on the third Thursday of November and December. Communications on observations made in the course of your studies are solicited ; also exhibits of any specimens you consider of interest. The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents: five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater numbers of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates Printed covers for 50 copies, $4.00 or more, according to number of pages bound. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XLIV. JULY, 1933 No. 7 An Apparently TJndescribed Fesperia (Lepid.: Hesperiidae). By R. A. LEUSSLER, Omaha, Nebraska. Hesperia yosemite, new species. In December, 1930, I received from Mr. E. A. Dodge, the well-known Lepidopterist of Santa Cruz. Calif., a small series of a Hesperia species. These skippers had been collected near Yosemite, Calif., Sept. 2, 1929, by his friend and co-worker Mr. John Strohbeen, also of Santa Cruz. Both Docile and Strohbeen recognized that the form was probably new. Mr. Strohbeen kindly sent me some additional specimens and re- ported that the skippers were taken on a big Oak Flat near Yosemite Valley, and that they were numerous there. A careful study of the material suggested that the specimens were possibly harpalus or cabclus, but Dr. Holland, to whom specimens had been sent for comparison with the types, wrote, shortly before his death, that he had made a close and critical comparison and that they were neither cabclus nor liarpalus but a small hitherto undescribed species, very near cabclus and harpalus but distinct. Ernest L. Bell, who also obtained speci- mens from Dodge, states that they are of quite different appear- ance than other members of the group and cannot be satisfac- torily placed under any present name. A name therefore would seem to be in order, and following the practice of giving geographical names to species in this group, I propose the name yosemite. A description follows: Male, upper side: Primaries bright yellow fulvous, dark- border on outer margin, fulvous apical spots within the border well defined. Stigma clear cut and without shading. Secondaries same ground color as primaries; dark border very narrow on outer margin- somewhat broader on costa. I'nder- side : primaries paler than upper side, apical spots and outline 169 -XVv 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [JuK'> '33 of stigma reproduced, inner margin paler than remainder of wing. Secondaries beneath, yellow with a faint greenish-grey cast. Spots small and creamy white. Female, upper side : ground color of both wings somewhat paler than male ; dark borders darker, broader and more clearly defined. Apical spots on primaries quite distinct in this sex, and on the secondaries the spots of lower surface show through above. The underside in the female sex is paler, the secon- daries being a peculiar grey, tinged with greenish-yellow, and the spots are a clearer white than in the males. Expanse: Male 26 mm., female 26 mm. The above is a description of the $ holotype and $ allo- type which are in the collection of the writer. There were before me, at the time of describing, 25 additional males and 15 additional females, belonging in part to E. L. Bell and to E. A. Dodge. All of these are designated paratypes. There is as usual more or less variation in size and in the width and intensity of dark borders in the series. The types, however, were selected as representing a fair average in these characters. In two of the males the underside of secondaries is immaculate, while in several others the spots are yellowish. This is decidedly the smallest of the known N. A. species of Hcspcria. The smallest male measures 22 mm., while the largest measures but 28 mm. The smallest and largest females measure 24 and 28 mm., respectively. Compared with cabclus and harpalus this insect, according to Dr. Holland, is : 1. Smaller than either of the foregoing. 2. The ground color is brighter on the upper side. 3. The terminal borders of the primaries are narrower. 4. The stigma on the primaries is more sharply defined and seems different in extent and outline. 5. The light spots on the underside of the secondaries, which are not visible in cabdus, are quite different from what appears in the female type of Jictrpalus. From oregonia, which it also somewhat resembles, it can be distinguished by its smaller size, brighter color of upper sur- face, different color of underside of secondaries and lighter spots thereon. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 List of Entomological Papers Written by Dr. W. J. Holland. By A. AVINOFF, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1. Contributions to a knowledge of the Lepidoptera of West Africa, I, 'Trans, .liner. Ent. Soc. XIII, 1886, pp. 323-332. 2 pis., 3 new sp. 2. The larva of Liphyra brassolis. Probably Aphidivorous. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XIX. 1887, p. 61 ct scq. 3. Correspondence. Entonwlogica Americana, 1888, p. 35 ct sccj. Contains an account of the entomological collections of the writer. 4. Notes upon a small collection of Rhopalocera made by the Rev. B. C. Henry in the Island of Hainan, together with descriptions of some apparently new species. Trans. Amcr. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV, 1888, pp.' 11 1-124 (1 new genus, 9 new sp.) 5. A New Work on Japanese butterflies : Review of "Rhopa- locera Nihonica" by H. Pryer. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XX, 1888, pp. 77-78. 6. Captures made while traveling from Winnipeg to Victoria, B. C. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XX, 1888, p. 89 ct scq. 7 . Annotated catalogue of the Insects collected in 1887-88 by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross." Lepidoptera by W. J. Holland. Proceedings U. S. N. M., Vol. XII, 1889, p. 201 ct scq. (Protoparce galapagensis sp. nov.) 8. Contributions to a knowledge of the Lepidoptera of West Africa, II. List of African Sphingidse received during the years 1887-1888. Trans. Amcr. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVI, pp. 55-70, 3 pis. (4 new gen., 12 new sp.). March 1888. 9. Description of New Species of Japanese Heterocera. Trans. Amcr. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVI, 1889, pp. 71-76 (9 new sp. ) . March. 10. List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera taken by William Do- herty of Cincinnati in Celebes, June and July, 1887, with de- scriptions of some apparently new forms. Proc. Boston Soc Nat. Hist., Vol. XXV. 1890, p. 52-82, 3 pis. (11 sp. nov.). 11. Descriptions of three new species of African Hesperiidae. Entomological Xcics, 1890, pp. 155-6. 12. Descriptions of m-\v species of African Hesperiid;r. Entomological \cics, IS(>\. pp. 3-5. (3 new species.). 13. New species of Ncptis from Africa. /•ntomoltx/ical Ncu's, 1891. pp. 248-9 (1 pi.). 14. Descriptions of New West African Lyc.vnid;i'. Nov. -Dec., 1890, pp. 1-9 (1 new genus, 25 new species). 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS f Jill}', '33 15. Descriptions of New West African Lycaenid;e. Psyche, March, 1891. 16. Collecting and Preserving Insects. In "Taxidermy and Zoological Collecting," by W. T. Hornaday. Scribners, 1891, pp. 305-338. 17. The Life-history of Spcilyis s-signata Holland. Ps\chc, Jan. 1892, p. 201-3, 1 pi. 18. Notes upon the Transformation of Some African Lepi- doptera. Psyche, Feb. 1892, pp. 213-16. 1 pi. 19. Report upon the Insects Collected by the U. S. Eclipse Expedition to West Africa, 18S9-90. Lenidoptera by W. J. Holland. Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XVI, 1802, pp. 568-572. 20. Descriptions of some new species of African Lepidoptera. The Entomologist, (London) Supplement to Vol. XXV, 1892, Sept. 1892, pp. 89-95 (1 new genus, 21 new sp.). 21. Descriptions of some new species of African Lepidoptera. Ann. &Macr. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1892, pp. 284-295 (2 new gen., 17 new sp.). 22. Descriptions of four new W'est African Butterflies. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXV, 1893, pp. 1-3. 23. Some New and Little Known African Butterflies. Ento- mological Nezvs, 1893, pp. 22-27 (11 new species.). 24. New African Nyctemerid?e and Linaridse Entomolog- ical News, 1893, p. 54-62, 1 pi. (17 new species.). 25. New Genera and Species of Wect African Limacodid?e. Entomological News, 1893, pp. 102-105, 1 pi. (4 new gen. and 19 new species ). 26. Three New West African Bombycids. Entomological News, 1893, pp. 136-7, 1 pi. 27. New Species of West African Drepanulidse. Eiitomo- logical News. 1893, pp. 171-180, 1 pi. (4 new gen., 22 new sn.). 28. Newr Exotic Lepidoptera. Entomological News, 1893, pp. 337-344. 1 pi. (13 new sp.). 29 Descriptions of New Species and Ceneri of West .Afri- can Lenidoptera. Psvche. Ian. 1893, pp. 773-376 H6 new sp.). 30. (Continuation). Psyche. Feb. 1893, pp. 393-406 (1 new genus, 36 sp. nov.). 31. (Continuation). Psyche. March. 1803. pp. 411-418 (3 new genera, 33 sp. nov.). 32. (Continuation). Psyche. April, 1803, pp. 431-4 (1 new genus, 10 sp. nov.). 33. (Continuation). Psyche. May, 1893, pp. 451-4 (1 new genus and 10 sp. nov.). 34. (Continuation). Psyche. June, IS' >3. pp. 469-476 (1 new genus, 34 sp. nov.). xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35. (Continuation). Psyche, July, 1893, pp. 487-90 (2 new genera, 15 sp. nov.). 36. (Continuation). Psyche, September, 1893, pp. 513-20 (2 new genera, 16 sp. nov.). 37. (Continuation). Psyche, October, 1893, pp. 531-8 (5 new genera, 16 sp. nov.). 38. (Continuation). Psyche, November, 1893, pp. 549-52 (3 new genera, 9 sp. nov.). 39. (Continuation). Psyche, December, 1893, pp. 565-8 (1 new genus, sp. nov.). 40. Butterflies of China, Japan and Corea. Book review of the great work by John Henry Leech. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXVI, pp. 113-4. 41. Four New Genera and Species of West African Sesiidse. Journal New York Entomological Society, Vol. I, Dec., 1893. Illustrated, pp. 181-4. 42. African Hesperiidae. Entomological News, 1894, pp. 26-31, 1 pi. (9 sp. nov.). 43. Notes upon a Small Collection of Butterflies from Serra (Sjerra), Timor. Laut. Entomological Xctcs, 1894, p. 39. 44. New West African Dysgoniiclse. Entomological Ne:cs, 1894, pp. 57-9, 1 pi. (5 new sp.). 45. Some New and Little Known African Hesperiidse. I en- tomological News, 1894, pp. 89-95, 1 pi. (9 sp. nov.). 46. New and Undescribed Genera and Species of West Afri- can Noctuidse. Psyche, January, 1S94, pp. 7-10 (2 new genera, 10 sp. nov.). 47. (Continuation). Psyche, Febrauary, 1894, pp. 27-34 (5 new genera, 18 sp. nov.). 48. (Continuation). Psyche, March, 1894, pp. 47-50 (1 new genus; 9 new species.). 49. (Continuation). Psyche, April, 1894, pp. 67-70 (11 new species.). 50. (Continuation). Psyche, May, 1894, pp. 83-90 (26 new species.). 51. (Continuation). Psyche, June, 1894, pp. 109-114 (4 new genera, 49 sp. nov.). 52. Translation of article by Sandberg on the Metamor- phoses of Arctic Butterflies. Canadian Entomologist, 1894, pp. If i ct seq. 53. Clerck's Icones. Canadian Entomologist, 1894, pp. 83, et seq. 54. Two New African I .\v;eni. Entomological News, 1895, pp. 166-8 (2 sp. nov.). " 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '^3 55. List of the Lepidoptera collected in eastern Africa by Dr W. L. Abbott, with descriptions of some apparently new species. Proceedings U. S. N. M., Vol. XVIII, 1895, pp. 229- 58 ( 1 new genus, 22 new species. ) . 56. List of the Lepidoptera collected in Somali-land, East Africa, by Mr. William Astor Chanler and Lieut, von Hohnel. Proceedings U. S. N. M., XVIII, pp. 259-64, May, 1896. 57. List of the Lepidoptera from Aldabra, Seychelles, and other East African Islands, collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Proceedings U. S. N. M., XVIII, pp. 265-75, May, 1896. 58. List of the Lepidoptera collected in Kashmir by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Proceedings U. S. N. M., Vol. XVIII, 1895, pp. 275-78. 59. Ravages of Dcrmcstes vulpinus in Cork. Entomological Nfurs, 1896, pp. 68-9. 60. A New African Saturnid. Entomological Nezvs, 1896, pp._ 133-5, 1 pi. 61. A preliminary Revision and Synomymic Catalogue of the Hesperiidse of Africa and the adjacent islands, with de- scriptions of some apparently new species. Proceedings Zoo/. Soc. London, 1896, pp. 2-107, 5 pis. (11 new genera, 24 new species.). 62. Two New Species of the Genus Xctnthospiloptcry.r Wallengren. Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., London (6), XX, pp. 291-294 (2 cuts), 189*7. 63. In "Through Unknown African Countries," by A. Don- aldson Smith. Appendix D. List of the Lepidoptera Heter- ocera collected by A. Donaldson Smith, p. 408-422. Edward Arnold, Publisher to the Indian Office, London & New York, 1897. 64. Notes on Lepidoptera. Journal New York Entom. Soc., 1898, pp. 57-59. 65. Descriptions of New West African Heterocera. Ento- mological Nczvs, 1898, pp. 11-13 (6 new species.). 66. "The Butterfly Book." 1898, pp. 1-382. 48 colored pis., 184 figs. Doubleday, McClure & Co., New York, N.Y. New and revised edition, 436 pp., 77 pis., 1931. Doubleday, Doran & Co., New York. 67. Concerning ticks. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXX 1898, pp. 96-7. 68. Description of a Variety of Argyiuiis nitocris Edwards, from Chihuahua, Mexico, var. caerulescens Holland. Ento- mological Nezt's, January, 1900, p. 232. 69. The Lepidoptera of Burn. Pt. I, Rhopalocera. Nori- tates Zoologiccc, VII, March, 1900, pp. 54-86 (18 new species.). xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 70. "Rhopalocera Aethiopica," by/ Chr. Aurivillius, Book review, Science, New Series, Vol. XI, pp. 421-23, March 16, 1900. 71. ''Everyday Butterflies," by S. H. Scudcler, Book review, Science, N. S. XI, January 1900, pp. 67-8. 72. Alaskan Insects. Entomological News, March, 1900, pp. 381-388. (5 new species.). 73. Alaskan Insects. Entomological News, April, 1900, pp. 417-424 (1 new sp.). 74. Book review : "A Brief Guide to the Common Butter- flies of the Northern United States and Canada," by S. H. Scudcler. Science, N. S., Vol. XI, 1900, Aug. 17. 75. The Lepidoptera of Burn. Part II, Heterocera. Novi- tates Zoologies, VII, December, 1900, pp. 555-591 (2 new genera, 44 new species.). 76. Book review : Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. By Frederick Ducane Godman and Oshert Salvin. Science, N. S.', XV, January, 1902, pp. 186-188. 77. Two New Species of Bahaman Lepidoptera. Anns. Cam. Mns., Vol. I, pp. 486-9, March, 1902. 78. Description of an Apparently new species of Palindia. (P. men'icki). Entomological News, 1902, p. 172. 79. "The Moth Book," 1903, Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 80. The distribution of Catopsilis cnbulc. Entomological News, XV, p. 41, Jan., 1904. 81. Note on Epipyrops barbcriana Dyar. Entomological Ncivs, Vol. XV, pp. 344-5, Dec., 1904. 82. A New Noctuid from Sierra Leone. Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. XVI, pp. 18-20, July, 1905. 83. An Evil-smelling Beetle. Entomological AYzi'.s-, October, 1907, p. 367. 84. A New Lycsenid from Kamerun, West Africa. Ento- mological News, Vol. XXIV, 1913, pp. 301-3. 85. "The Butterfly Guide." 1915, Doubleday, Pajje & Co., New York, N. Y. 86. Butterflies. The Mentor, August, 1915, Vol. 3. X... 12. Serial No. 88, The Mentor Association, Inc., 52 E. 19th St.. New York, N. Y. 87. The Lepidoptera of the Isle of Pines, being a list of the Species collected on the Island by Mr. }. L. Graf and Mr. G. A. Link, Sr., in 1910 and 1912-13. Annuls Cam. Mus. Vol. X, 1916, pp. 487-518. 88. A list of the Orthoptera collected on the Isle of Pines by J. L. Graf and G. A. Link, Sr., in 1910 and 1912-13. Annals Cam. Mns., Vol. X, 1916, pp. 542-546. 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89. Two new West African lepidoptera. Annals Cam. Mus., Vol. XI, 1917, pp. 14-28, 1 pis. (2 new species.). 90. List of the Hymenoptera collected on the Isle of Pines by G. A. Link, Sr.," 1912-13, and contained in the Carnegie Museum. Annals Cam. Mus., Vol. XI, 1917, pp. 291-296. 91. List of the Coleoptera collected on the Isle of Pines by Gustav A. Link, Sr., 1912-13. Aimals Cam. Mus., Vol. XI, 1917, pp. 333-345. 92. Lepidoptera of the Congo, being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the American Museum of Naural History Congo Expedition, together with Descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species. Bull. Amcr. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XLIII, Dec. 1920, Art. 6, pp. 109-369, pis. VI-XIV. 93. A new species belonging to the genus Goodia (Ortho- gonioptilum}. Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington, Vol. XXIII, No. 4, April, 1921, pp. 99-100, 1 pi. 94. The Geographical Distribution of the Machaon-Group of the genus Pa pill o (Lcp. Rhop.). Entomological News, Vol. XXXII, 1921, pp. 207-208. 95. Calopteryx maculata Beauvois, an interesting photograph. Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington, Vol. XXIV, 1922, p. 117, pi. 13. 96. A few notes on Distribution ( Lep. ; Orth. Blattidse). Entomological News, Vol. XXXIII, 1922, pp. 168-169. 97. Tingitidae of Tingidae. Science. N. S., LVI, 1922, pp. 334-335. 98. Tingitidae or Tingidae Again. Science, LVI, 1922, pp. 536-7. 99. The Family name of the Lace-bugs (Tingitidae). Annals Entom. Soc. of America, Vol. XVII, No. 1, March 1924, pp. 95-96. 100. The Epipaschiinae of the Western Hemisphere, a Syn- onymic catalogue of the species hitherto described with figures of many which have not heretofore been depicted. Annals Carnegie Museum, Vol. XVI, 1925, pp. 49-130, 7 pis. 101. The Lepidoptera named by George A. Ehrmann (The Parnassiidse by A. Avinoff). Annals Cam. Mus., Vol. XVII, April, 1927, p. 299-364. 102. Exit Htibner's Tentamen. Science, Vol. LXVI, July, 1927, pp. 4-5. 103. "Exit the Tentamen, But" . . . What?" Science. N. S., Vol. LXVII, pp. 161-162, Feb., 1928. 104. The Invalidity of the Tentamen names of the butter- flies. (Lepid. ; Rhopalocera). Entomological News, Vol. XXXIX, No. 2, pp. 50-59, Feb., 1928. xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105 The Argynnids of the Nokomis group. Annals Cam. Mus., Vol. XIX, Oct. 10, 1928, pp. 15-34. 106. Notes upon some North American Species and Varieties. of the Genus Brcntliis. Annals Cam. Mus., Vol. XIX. No. 1. Oct., 1928, pp. 35-46. 107 A New Riodinid from Louisiana (Lepid.). Entomo- logical News, Vol. XL, Jan., 1929, p. 20. 108 The first picture of an American Butterfly. Scientific Monthly, Vol. XXIX, July, 1929, pp. 45-48, 1 pi. 109. Hesperia run cola Boisd. and Pamphila californica Ma- bille Synonyms of Atrytonc vcstris (Boisduval) (Lepid.: Hes- periidse). Entomological Nczvs, Vol. XL, December, 1929, pp. 326-328. 110. The Mutual Relations of Museums and Expert Special- ists. Transactions Fourth Entomological Congress of Ento- mology, Ithaca, August, 1928, Vol. II, pp. 278-285, Dec. 1929. 111. Forum on Problems of Taxonomy: Types I.e. De- cember, 1929, (pp. 688-693). 112. New Species and varieties of North American Butter- flies. Annals Cam, Mus., Vol. XIX, No. 3, Jan., 1930, pp. 155-160. 113. Notes on some American Butterflies, mainly relating to their classification and nomenclature, Ft. 1, Fap. Pier. Nymph. (DanainEe). Annals Cam. Mus., Vol. XIX, No. 3, 1930. 114. Papilio monustc L. (A Critique). Reprinted from the Bulletin Brooklyn Entoin. Soc., Vol. XXV, No. 3, Tune, 1930, pp. 133-137. 115. New species of Ercbia. Trans. Arncr. Entoin. Socictv. Vol. LVI, July, 1930, pp. 149-153. 116. Two New North American Butterflies. Annals Cam. Mus., Vol. XX, Aug., 1930, pp. 5-7. 117. Notes on some American Butterflies mainly relating to Classification and Nomenclature. Ft. 2, Nymphalidae, . 2, June, 1931, pp. 255-265. Sex of Migrating Monarch Butterflies (Lepid.: Nymphalidae). Dr. H. T. Fernald, 707 E. Concord Ave., Orlando, Florida. wishes information on the question whether both sexes, or only females, of the Monarch Butterfly, Ihnians archi^ns, take part in the southward migration of this species in autumn. 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Jllly, '33 Notes on Some Longicorns from Subtropical Texas (Coleop. : Cerambycidae). By E. G. LINSLEY and J. O. MARTIN, Oakland, California. Since the subtropical insect fauna of Brownsville, Texas, was first made famous by Townsend, and later by Wickbam, Schwarz, and Schaeffer, this interesting region has been sought by many collectors. During recent years the development of good roads and improved methods of transportation have elimi- nated the necessity for spending long periods of time in travel- ling to and from Southern Texas. Brownsville is on the direct air route to Central America and Mexico and may be reached by air from almost any point in Eastern United States. The path of the motorist is made easy by paved roads from Cali- fornia or New York. What a change from the days when Prof. Wickham first bumped and skidded his way to Browns- ville in a stage coach ! During a short period in the summer of 1930, and again in the late spring of 1932, the writers had the privilege of collect- ing in Brownsville. The limited time on both occasions allowed us only a brief introduction to the fauna. We found it inter- esting, however, to compare notes with previous writers, and especially with Mr. Schaeffer who was the last to describe the region. At the present time, the subtropical areas which Mr. Schaeffer refers to as "covered with a dense forest and thick undergrowth of varied shrubbery and a rich vegetation of lower plants," are greatly reduced both in size and number as a result of the encroachment of agriculture. Only half a dozen such thickets still exist and few of these are more than an acre or two in size. Most of these areas are on private property, and if the owner is unsuccessful in driving off the would-be collector, the ticks and "redbugs" usually achieve this purpose. The Palmetto Grove, ''consisting of Sabal inc.ricana of enor- mous size, and a variety of shrubs and trees densely overgrown or bound together by several species of vine," is now a picnic ground where one may collect upon payment of the twenty-five cent admission price. Much of the undergrowth has given way xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 to benches, tables, and paths, although there are still a few untouched spots where collecting is possible. Most of the uncultivated land in Brownsville is forested with Mexican ebony, Huisache, Mimosa, and various related thorny trees. In these areas a continual process of clearing is taking place, and around freshly cut trees we found excellent collect- ing not only in the daytime, but at night with the lantern. Most of the longicorns collected in this manner were of the more widely distributed species, although subtropical forms were not uncommon. The Cerambycidae of the Brownsville region are particularly interesting because they represent a greater proportion of sub- tropical species than may be found in any other family of the Coleoptera. The first list of Brownsville Cerambycidae was published by Prof. Townsend (1898) and included forty-three species. The second list was that of Mr. Schaeffer (1908) and comprised seventy-eight species. It is interesting to note how few species have been added since Mr. Schaeffer's paper appeared. Col. Casey, (1912, 1913, 1924) has described several species from this locality, but most of these are species which appear in the list under other names- and hence do not materially swell the total. Among the species included below are only eight which were not in Mr. Schaeffer's list. Of these eight species, Ncoclytus acwminatus is widely distributed, Anopliuni mocstiim, Ata.via hubbardi, and Lcpturiics niinutus are found in other parts of the South, Ebitria haldc- nntni and f/y/v.r///.v pallida are typically Texan, and only Ecynts cornutus and Oncidcrcs conniticcps appear to be truly sub- tropical. These and recently described species bring the Brownsville total to approximately eighty-eight, of which we collected sixty-five species during our ten-day visit ( May 2(< June 8, 1932). Since the host plants of few of these species have been recorded, the following notes are offered in the hope that they will prove of assistance to other collectors. 1. ARCIIODOXTKS MKLANOPUS var. CILIPES Say. Taken under loose bark of various trees and occasionally at light. 2. SMODICUM cucrj IFORMK Say. Small series under bark of dead Sali.v. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Julv» '^3 3. ACHRYSON SURINAMUM Say. This species was beaten in considerable numbers from Mexican ebony, Pithecolobium fle.ricaulis, and Huisache, Acacia faniesiana. and was taken commonly at light. Specimens vary from 9 to 18 mm. in length. 4. A. CONCOLOR LeConte. The larger specimens of this species are about the size of the smaller specimens of A. sitriu- amum. A. concolor bores in small twigs of Acacia and Pithe- colobium and is occasionally taken at light. Numerous ex- amples were reared from branches which had been girdled by Oncidcrcs pustidatus Lee. 5. GNAPHALODES TRACHYDEROIDES Thomson. This species is most active at dusk and in the early evening, when it may be captured flying about freshly cut Acacia. 6. EBURIA STIGMATICA Chevr. Under loose bark of Sali.v and Acacia. 7 . E. MUTICA var. MANCA LeConte. A few examples taken at light. 8 E. HALDEMANI LeConte. One example under bark of Sali.r. 9. PANTOMALLUS OVICOLLIS LeConte (?Eburia dcnsa Casey). Taken occasionally on P. fle.ricaulis and at light. 10. ROMALEUM TAENIATUM LeConte. Taken under bark of ^fl/?.r and at light. 11. ELAPH DION MIMECTICUM Schaeffer. This species hides beneath loose bark and around branch stubs on living trees, and was taken on Sali.v, Acacia, Celt is and Fra.rinus. It is also common at light. 12. HYPERMALLUS INCERTUS Newman. Taken at light. 13. ANEPSYRA TENUE LeConte. Taken on Acacia fanicsi- ana and at light. 14. ANOPLIUM INERME Newman. Occasionally taken at light. 15. A. MOESTUM LeConte. A small series taken at light. 16. A. TRUNCATUM LeConte. Reared from girdled branches of Acacia and also taken at light. 17. A. NIVETVESTITUM Schaeffer. Beaten from Fra.rinus te.vensis and other trees in the Palmetto Grove. The specimens lie very still on the beating sheet and are apt to be overlooked. 18. PSYRASSA TEXANA Schaeffer. Beaten from A. faniesiana and taken at light. 19. Ps. SALLEI Bates. This rare species was taken on Acacia and at light. 20. COM PSA TEXTILTS var. ALACRIS Bates. One example taken on A. faniesiana. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181 21. IBIDION EXCLAMATIONIS Linell. This species hides dur- ing the day around rotten branch stubs of Acacia, Mimosa, Celt is, and other trees and was reared from branches girdled by Oncidcrcs pitstidatus Lee. 22. I. TOWXSENDI Linell. Also reared from girdled branches and found under conditions similar to those of the preceding. Both species rest with their antennae placed straight forward giving them the appearance of a small twig. 23. HYPEXILIS PALLIDA Horn. One example of this rare- species was taken at light. 24. OBRIUM MACULATUM Oliv. Very common on Acacia, .W/.r, Ccltis, Fra.vinus, and other trees, as well as at light. A few specimens were reared from branches girdled by Oncidcrcs. 25. O. MOZINNAE Linell. Beaten from Acacia and attracted to light. 26. CYLLENE CRINICORNIS Chevr. This species was taken running rapidlv over freshly cut branches of Acacia fanicsiana and Pithecolobium flc.ricauHs. During the day the beetles are very active and rather difficult to capture, but after dark they mav be drawn from brush piles bv means of a lantern. 27. NEOCLYTUS ACUMINATUS Fab. This species must be added to the two Ncoclytus listed by Mr. Schaeffer (N. inner on- atns and N. abbreviates). The Brovnsville form differs from the typical in being dark brown instead of reddish, the head, antennae, and legs rufous, and the elytral fascia white instead of yellow. Examples reared from branches of Acacia girdled by Oncidcrcs piistidatns Lee. 28. EUDERCES EXILIS Casey. Beaten from Acacia and Sali.r. The adult beetles bear a striking resemblance to the ants which over-run every tree and shrub. 29. TETRANODES NIVEICOLLIS Linell. Beaten from Mimosa and Acacia. 30. RHOPALOPHORA LAF.VK OLLIS LeConte. This beautiful species was taken on Saiuhncns in the Palmetto Grove. 31. Rn. RUGICOLLIS LeConte. Taken on Sali.r. 32. RH. A. \orsTATA Sehffr. Taken on Cell is in the Pal- metto Grove. 33. STENOSPHENUS ixn.osrs Horn. A small series taken mi sunflower stems. 34. SpiiAKXoTin.f cs SUTURALIS LeConte. Taken mi Acacia farncsiana. 35. DENDROBIUS M .\\mr.ri, AKIS Sen'. One specimen taken in flight. 36. TIIRYALLIS UNDATUS Lac. I'.eatc'ii from (V///.V and Saii.v in the Palmetto Grove. The Brownsville sj)ecimens are not quite typical, differing from the form figured by Lacordaire in 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '33 having the undulating lines of the elytra shattered and broken. This species at first glance looks like a small specimen of Synaphaeta guc.ri Lee. 37. ASTYLIDIUS PARVUS LcConte. A small series taken on Celtis. 38. LEIOPUS WILTI Horn. This species was found only on Acacia farnesiana. 39. L. CRASSULUS LeConte. Taken on Acacia and related trees. Like Mr. Schaeffer. we did not find Lcptostvlus binstus Lee., and it seems quite likely that this is the form that was called L. binstus in previous Brownsville lists. 40. 41. L. SPP. Two undetermined species taken on Fm.rinns tc.rcnsis and jungle plants. Casey has described L. tc.ranus and L. lionstoni from Brownsville but we cannot identify these from the descriptions. This genus is in great need of revisional study. 42. LEPTURGES MINUTUS Champ, and Knull. One specimen taken in miscellaneous beating, and very kindly compared with the type by Mr. J. N. Knull. The Brownsville specimen is half again as large as the type and more plainly marked, but appears to be assignable to L. ininntns. 43. L. CELTIS Schaeffer. Taken on Celtis in the Palmetto Grove. 44. L. ANGULATUS LeConte. Abundant on every type of tree and shrub. Several hundred specimens captured show little variation in maculation. This anpears to be a valid species. 45. DECTES SPINOSUS Say (fDcctcs latitarsus Casey). A few specimens taken on small annuals. 46. ECYRUS FASCIATUS Hamilton. This is one of the most beautiful of our longicorns and bears a striking resemblance to the lichen-covered branches on which it is found. Examples were taken on dead branches of Sali.r and other trees. 47. E. DASYCERUS var. TEXANUS Schaeffer. Beaten from dead branches of Acacia farnesiana and taken at light. In < mi- series none show any intergradation with typical E. dasyccrus Say. 48. E. CORNUTUS Linsley. A small series beaten from dead Salix. 49. EUPOGONIUS FULVOVESTITUS Schaeffer. Taken in the Palmetto Grove. 50. E. VESTITUS Say. Beaten from Fra.rinus te.vensis. 51. PYGMAEOPSIS VJTICOLA Schaeffer. This interesting little species was beaten from jungle vines in the Palmetto Grove. The female is 4.5 mm. long, with the pubescence of the elytra mottled brownish, black, and white. The white pubescence is arranged in longitudinal interrupted lines. The male is 3 mm. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 long, the elytra uniformly cinereus. with darker areas in the basal and sub-apical region. The male does not have the mottled appearance of the female and lacks the interrupted white lines of the elytra. 52. ONCIDERES PUSTULATUS LeConte. This species appear •> to be active in late summer and fall, and from the abundance of its work, examples must be rather numerous at that time of year. O. pnstidcttns girdles branches of both Cicada fanicsiaiKi and Pithecollobium flc.ricaulis, selecting branches an inch to an inch and one-half in diameter and six to twelve feet in length. The larvae are restricted to the main portion of the branches, leaving the outer twigs to smaller beetles which avail themselves of this specially prepared breeding place. Among the insects reared from these outer branches were eight species of longicorns. 53. O. TEXANUS HORN (?Oncidcrcs snbtropicits Casey). This species was taken girdling small twigs of Acacia fanicsi- cina. 54. O. CORNUTICEPS Schaeffer. This fine species was described from Texas without definite locality and this appears to be the first record in regard to its distribution. One male and two females were captured on Ccltis in the Palmetto Grove. Mr. Schaeffer has very kindly compared these specimens with his type, and found them to agree in all important respects. The coloration of this species suggests O. sparsa Bates. 55. APORTAXIA LINEATA Hamilton. This species is beaten from dead branches of Sali.v and is usually taken with Ecyrus cornntus Linsley. Three examples taken from jungle vines appear to represent a new species of Aporataxia. 56. ATAXIA CRYPTA Say. Taken on Sali.v, Acacia, Ccltis, and at light. 57. A. HUBBARDI Fisher. Numerous examples taken from the stems of sunflower. 58. A. TIBIALIS Schaeffer. One example of this interesting species was taken in the Palmetto Grove. This is not a typical Ataxia. 59. HIPPOPSIS LEMNISCATA Fab. Taken commonly on jungle vines, sunflower, and small annual plants. 60. DORCASTA CINEREA Horn. Taken on sunflower, small annuals, and at light. 61. SICYOBIUS BROUSI Horn. Miscellaneous beating in the Palmetto Grove. 62. MECAS JXORXATA Say. ( )n small composite plains. 63. M. PERGRATA Say. One example in Palmetto Grove. 64. HEMIERAXA SUTURALJS Linell. Miscellaneous beating. 65. CATHETOPTERON AMOENA Hamilton. A number of ex- amples of this very pretty little species were taken on Ccltis. 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '33 How to Keep the Red Type Labels Red. By HARRY H. KNIGHT, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. For many years it has been customary for systematic en- tomologists to mark flic t\pc specimen of a new species with a red label. In more recent years this has meant selecting and marking a holotype and allotype with red labels. Paratypes and other types of special category have been marked with labels of various colors, but usually with a color less conspicu- ous than bright red. It has been my experience that non-fading red label material has been difficult to obtain since the war period. That veteran of pin labels, Mr. C V. Blackburn, of Stoneham, Mass., did for many years furnish the finest labels that could be obtained. After the war period he wrote me that it seemed impossible to obtain a good bright red stock for type labels. I have found that the best red labels he could supply in the period 1919 to 1928 have done more or less fad- ing. Perhaps the economic depression, which has reduced many artificial values, will be responsible for bringing back an era in which quality will be stressed, and among other things let us hope this will result in the manufacturer placing more perma- nent colors in red paper stocks. This brings us to the fact there are many type labels in collections throughout the country which show fading red colors. In fact there are rumored threats of some systematists going off the red label standard. In my own collection the fading colors reached the point where I resolved to do something about it. I finally hit upon the idea of recoloring the old labels with a good quality of waterproof scarlet ink. I found that "Hig- gins' Scarlet waterproof Ink" is very satisfactory for the pur- pose. Old labels can be colored without removing them from the pin. Using a camel's hair brush one can apply the ink in sufficient quantity to flow evenly over the label surface. The label will curl somewhat while damp but soon regains the original position when dry. Labels that have been written upon with waterproof black ink, and such ink should always be used, will not be affected by the addition of some scarlet ink. Label strips can be dipped or painted before using, and when dried out can be written upon with black ink just as xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 before. There may be other brands of waterproof scarlet ink which will do for coloring labels, but in any case the ink should be waterproof and non-fading. Experience has shown that an old type label can be colored in less than one minute of time. Remove the type specimen from the case or box and set it on a handling block for safety, then apply the red ink with a brush and replace in the collection. Synonymical Notes on Membracidae. III. (Homop.)* By FREDERIC W. CODING. CENTROTINAE. Ccntrotus bonasia Fabr., a species unrecognized since it was described may now be placed in its modern genus. Dr. W. E. China, through the courtesy of Prof. R. A. Staig, of the Glas- gow Museum, has compared a cotype of the species with Walker's type of Calliccntnis auri fascia and states (in lift.) that they are the same species. Cen trot us magcllani Fairm. from the Philippines, with its projecting forward suprahumerals and the posterior pronotal process distant from the body belongs in the genus Ariinanes Dist. Possibly Dr. Funkhouser may be able to identify this species from examples in his extensive collection of forms from that locality. Fairmaire's unknown species Ccntrotns parla is identified in error by Distant as a Leptocentrus; but its slender supra- humerals and attenuated posterior pronotal process being close to the scutellum excludes it from that genus and places it in the genus Cebcs Dist. Distant gives the habitat as India whereas Fairmaire says East Indies. The Indian species fig- ured by Distant should be cataloged as Leptocentrus paria Dist. DARNINAE. Tclamona spinigera Haviland apparently belongs in Funk- houser's new genus Spinoda/moides, its characters agreeing with those of that genus the most closely. [*Nos. I and II were published respectively in Jinir. X. Y. Knt. Soc., xxxviii, pp. 39-42 (1930) and Ann. Ent. Soc. Anier., xxiv, pp. 935-936 (1931).— EDS.] 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jub'> '^3 Tclamona ruficarinata Fowler is described as rather nar- row, pronotum testaceous brown variegated with black, rugose, laterally carinate, median carina red, with a large broad rounded protuberance a little before the middle, abruptly descending in front to dorsum leaving a flat level space before the meto- piclium ; numerals broad, porrect, subauriculate ; posterior process nearly long as tegmina which are piceous and testaceous variegated; legs testaceous partly infuscate. Long. 10; lat. 5 mm. Bogota. This species has been cataloged as synonymous with Tcla- mona gibba Buckt. ; but a comparison of the two descriptions with an examination of Buckton's figure prove them to be dis- tinct. Gibba is piceous or deep brown ; pronotum rises above the almost vertical metopidium in a blunt short horn which projects forward as shown in the figure ; behind this horn is a smaller dorsal eminence which gradually slopes into the pos- terior process whose apex reaches tips of tegmina ; numerals very obtuse. Tegmina dark, almost black ; legs brown. Long. 13; lat. 9 mm. Bogota. Fowler's species is narrow, gibba robust, the dorsal crest of the former being near the middle leaving a flat level space in front, but no mention is made of an anterior projecting horn; whereas the crest of gibba rises almost vertically above the head with two elevations ; the numerals are broad, porrect and sub- auriculate in ruficarinata, but obtuse in gibba, while the color patterns and sizes are totally different. It is evident that the two forms are not only distinct species, but belong in different genera. Until an examination of the type is made it seems best to allow ruficarinata to remain in the genus Tclamona. Laporte having used the name gibba for the type of his genus Atypa, Buckton's species has been re- named Atypa bucktom Godg. SMILIIN-E. Darnis triguttata Burn, is doubtless a Bocthoos (Parniula) where Stal placed it, and is one of the color varieties of B. dlspar Fabr. It is not Vanduzca. rcstita Godg. which VanDuzee proves is a good species. McAtee states that the type label of vcstita is on the pin of a male arquata Say in the National xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 Museum. The original description of rcstita was made from a specimen from Arizona which had been submitted to Dr. Uhler, who informed me it was a new species and in his collec- tion under the MS. name of t'cstita which T adopted, to which specimen the type label was attached. \Yhen and by whom the label was changed is not known. In his carefully prepared monograph of the Telamonini Dr. Ball has placed Tclaiiwna cclsa Godg.. from Brazil, as a synonym of Telamona qncrci Fitch, a form common in the eastern United States. In his introductory remarks, page 4, he says, "Specific characters are almost entirely based on size, shape and color pattern, and differences in shape of horn, crests and humeral angles within generic patterns." A comparison of cclsa with qitcrci shows that they greatly differ in all of Ball's specific requirements. Cclsa is strongly punctured, yel- low anteriorly becoming darker towards apex of pronotum, with lateral margins narrowly black. Qncrci is finely punc- tured, greenish brown irrorate with white dots. Pronotum of cclsa is convex from the strongly sinuate basal margin to be- hind the numerals, then elevated in an erect crest whose front margin is vertical, hind angle obtuse, hind margin obliquely sinuate, a strong circular impression each side at posterior base ; numerals large, auriculate, tips black ; posterior process almost long as tegmina. Pronotum of qncrci with basal margin weakly sinuate, lateral margins concolorous ; crest subquadrangular, in- clined backwards, front margin concavely sloping into the meto- pidium, hind margin upright, lateral circular impressions not mentioned in any published description; humerals short, not auriculate ; posterior process shorter than tegmina. Basal third of tegmina of cclsa- black punctured, which is absent in qncrci. Body of cclsa yellow, of qncrci brown. The above mentioned differences are much greater than in forms separated into species by Ball, and the habitats are very distant. (Jucrci feeds on oaks; but oaks are not a part of the Brazilian flora, while no records have been found of shipments of young oaks from the United States to Brazil. Judging from all the known data it is certain that cclsa is a valid species. 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IJ"!}'. '33 Hints for Collectors. Ward's Entomological Bulletin, number five, May, 1933, has just come to hand. Special prices are given on collecting nets, entomological pins, spreading boards and breeding cages. The Establishment is experimenting on a new light trap. They ad- vise that collectors keep records of the species of flowers on which specimens are taken. A small additional label placed below the usual data label is excellent. Far too little data of this sort are recorded. Even the time of day when the speci- men was captured is also good information to preserve. A note is given of the adoption by some collectors of mounting their minute specimens on the side of a regular, large insect pin at the usual height, instead of pinning them to a "minuten" or sticking them to a point ; using DuPont household cement or other good adhesive. [DuPont's is quick drying and should be used very thin (with banana oil or acetone) necessitating fast work, or the surface of the adhesive will become glazed and the specimen will not be thoroughly fastened.] Entomological Literature COMPILED BY LAURA S. MACKEY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining- to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including- Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating- to American or exotic species will be recorded. The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the .iournal in which the paper appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials published in our January and June issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for lOc. The number of. or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c. the latter within ( ) follows; then the pagination follows the colon : All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. •Papers containing new forms or names have an preceding the author's name. (S) Papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so Indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Rec- ord, Office of Exneriment Stations. Washinerton. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mologv, see Review of Applied Entomology, Sories B K^Nnte the change in the method of citing the bibliographical references, as explained above. Papers published in the Entomological Ncu'S are not listed. GENERAL. — Balfonr-Browne, F. — The law of pnority in nomenclature. [Pro. Ent. Soc. London] 7: 75-79. Cockayne, E. A. — The origin of castes in insects. [21] 45: 60-61. Darby, H. H. — Insects and micro-climates. [31] 131 : 839. Engelhardt, G. P. — The cleaning of greasy in- xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL \F.\YS 189 sects. [19] 28: 108. F. A. D.— The Royal Entomological Society of London. [31 J 131 : 678-679. Forel, A.— Auguste Forel 1848-1931. Souvenirs myrmecologiques recueillis. Par E. Bugnion. [41] 15: 156-180. Guppy, P. L.— The success- ful attack of a Trinidad wasp upon a Papilio larva. [Pro. Ent. Soc. London] 7: 67-68. Jeannel, R. — Seance du Cent- enaire de la Societe Entomologique de France. [25] 37: i-lxxiv, ill. Johnson, C. W. — The entomological publica- tions of. [5] 39: 87-99. Lameere, A. — Precis de Zoologie les Arthropodes, III. Chap. 8-9. [Rec. Ins. Z. Torley- Rousseau] 4, Suppl : 149-336, ill. Needham, J. G.— Co- operation among American zoologists toward a compendium of culture methods for invertebrate animals. [68] 77: 427- 428. Osborn, H. — A specimen mount for insects and other objects of natural history, etc. [68] 77: 587. Poulton, E. B. et al. — Protective adaptations of animals, especially insects. [Pro. Ent. Soc. London] 7: 79-105, ill. Testout, M. H. — Compte rendu des Fetes du Centenaire de la Societe Entomologique de France et du V Congres interna- tional d'Entomologie. [Bull. Mens. Soc. Linne. Lyon] 1: 131-134. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Abbott, C. E. - The effect of temperature and relative humidity upon the ol- factory responses of blowflies. [5] 39: 145-149, ill. Calhoun, M. L. — The microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract of Callus domesticus. [Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci.] 7: 261-381, ill. Chudoba, S. — Sur le developpement des chromosomes dans le noyau de la spermatide chez Tenebrio molitor. [69] 113: 195-196, ill. Davidson, J. — Effect of rainfall-evapora- tion ratio on insects inhabiting the soil surface. [31] 131: 837-838, ill. Dobkiewicz,- L. — Morphologische studien zur metamorphologische studien zur metamorphose von Papilio podalirius. Die gestaltlichen veranderungen des darm- kanals. [46] 26: 469-528, ill. Elson, J. A.— Protozoans and beetles. [90] 67: 283-286, ill. Eltringham, H.— "Senses of insects." [Pro. Ent. Soc. London] 7: 119-136. Page, L.- A propos du parasitisme des Phorides. [Bull. Soc. Zool. France] 58: 90-92, ill. Fattig, P. W.— Food of the robber fly, Mallophora orcina. [4] 65: 119-120. Hamm, A. H.- The epigamic behaviour and courtship of three species of Empididae. [8] 69: 113-117, ill. Loughnane, J. B. — Insect transmission of virus A of potatoes. [31] 131: 838-839. McKeown, K. C. — The maternal instinct in insects. 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '33 [Australian Mus. Mag.] 5: 23-24. Orska, J. — Sur la syn- topie de 1'appareil de golgi et du vacuome dans les cellules sexuelles males chez Cetonia hirtella (Lamellicornia). [69] 113: 192-194, ill. Paulian, R. — Dimorphisme des caracteres sexuels secondaires chez les males de quelques especes d'onthophagus (Lamell.). [Bull. Soc. Zool. France] 58: 95-99, ill. Pilawski, S. — Le corps mitochondrial dans la spermatogenese chez Cicindela hybrida. [69] 113: 189-191, ill. Poll, M. — Contribution a 1'etude des tubes de Malpighi des Coleopteres leur utilite en phylogenese. [Rec. Ins. Z. Torley-Rousseau] 4: 47-80, ill. Raignier, A. — Introduction critique a 1'etude phonique et psychologique de la stridula- tion des fourmis. [Broteria] 2: 51-82, ill. Steiniger, F.— Die erscheinungen der katalepsie bei stabheuschrecken und wasserlaufern. [46] 26: 591-708, ill. Varley & Butler.- The acceleration of development of insects by parasitism. [Parasitology] 25: 263-268. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Bristowe & Mil- lot. — The Liphistiid spiders. With an appendix on their internal anatomy. [93] 1932: 1015-1057, ill. *Chamberlin & Ivie. — Spiders of the Raft River Mountains of Utah. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 23: 79pp., ill. *Chamberlin, R. V- Four new spiders of the family Gnaphosidae. [40] 631 : 8 pp., ill. *Roewer, C. F. — Araneen aus mexikanischen ameisenwohnpflanzen. [34] 102: 183-188, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS.— *Banks, N. — Concerning the genus Notiobiella ( Hemerobiidae). [5] 39: 103-106. Carpenter, F. M.— Note on Haplodictyus incertus. |5] 39: 144. *Carpenter, F. M. — A new Boreus from British Columbia [5] 65: 94-95, ill. *Davis, W. T- Dragonflies of the genus Tetragoneuria. [19] 28: 87-104. ill. Gordon, E. L. — Notes on the Ephemerid genus Lep- tophlebia. (Key to species). [19] 28: 116-131, ill. Issiki, S. —Morphological studies on the Panorpidae of Japan and adjoining countries and comparison with American and European forms. [Japanese Jour. Zool.] 4: 315-416, ill. Knowlton & Thomas. -- Food plants and distribution of some Utah Thysanoptera. [4] 65: 114-117. *McDun- nough, J. - The nymph of Cinygma integrum and de- scription of a new Heptagenine genus. [4] 65: 73-77. ill. *Snyder, T. E. — Calcaritermes in the United States. [10] 35: 67-69, ill. Werneck, L. — Sobre as especies de Ano- plura parasitas da Ihama. [Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz] 27: 21 :32, ill. Werneck, L. — Considerac,oes sobre o genero "Phthirpedicinus" e sua especie typo. [An. Acad. Brasileira xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 191 Sci.j 4: 161-164, ill. Sobre as especies do genero Pedicinus. | An. Acad. Brasileira Sci.] 4: 179-184, ill. ORTHOPTERA.— *Arndt & Dozier.— Le criquet Ha'i- tien du cafeier. [new species of Scelionidae]. [Sta. Exp. Dept. Agric. Haiti] Bull. No. 26: 7-16, ill. Criddle, N.- Notes on the habits of injurious grasshoppers in Manitoba. [4] 65: 97-102, ill. HEMIPTERA. — *Blanchard, E. E. — Aphid miscellanea. fPhysis] 11: 19-36. ill. (S). *B16te, H. C.— New Pyrrhoco- ridae in the collection of the British Museum. [75] 11 : 588- 602, ill. (S). deLong & Davidson. — The genus Agellus, (Cicadellidae) [43] 33: 210. *Drake, C. J.— Notes on M>me American Tingitidae. [5] 39: 100-102. *Drake & Harris.- Some miscellaneous Gerridae in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology [5] 39: 107-112. Hungerford, H. B. — The male of Notonecta compacta. [19] 28: 135. *Jac- zewski, T.— Notes on some South and Central American Corixidae. [Ann. Mus. Zool. Polonici] 9: 329-339, ill. Lin- dinger, L. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der Schildlause (Coc- cicl.). [26] 13: 77-78. Pearson, E. O. — Notes on the genus Dysdercus in Trinidad, B. \V. I. [5] 39: 113-126, ill. Poul- ton, E. B. — The alligator-like head and thorax of the trop- ical American Laternaria laternaria (Fulgoridae). [Pro. Ent. Soc. London] 7: 68-70. LEPIDOPTERA.— Biederman, M. R.— Varietes inedites on pen connues des genres Agrias et Siderone. [Bull. Mus. Xat. Hist. Nat., Paris] 5: 114-121, ill. (S). Britton & Harte. — The recent north-eastward spread of the orange sulphur butterfly, Colias eury theme. [19] 28: 109-115. *Clarke, J. F. G. — Notes and new species of Microlepidop- tera from Washington state. [4] 65: 84-93, ill. Forsyth, M. S. — Variant of Agraulis vanillae discovered on Florida Keys. [Lepid. News] 1: 2. Groves, E. O. — Food and its relation to Lepidoptera [Lepid. News] 1: 1. Gundlach, J. -"Genero Erebus." ( Reprinted from original.) [Lepid. News] 1 : 3-4. Handford, R. H. — Note on the hibernation of Phyciodes gorgone ( Nymphalidae). [4] 65: 95. Hunt- ington, E. I. — Erycinidae and Lycaenidae from the regions of Mt. Roraima and Alt. Duida. [40] No. 611: 5 pp. *Mey- rick, E. — Exotic Microlepidoptera. 4: 353-384. Poulton, E. B. — -"Wings of British. European and N. American but- terflies bearing the marks of attack by enemies, chiefly birds. [Pro. Ent. Soc. London] 7: 71-73. Poulton, E. B. 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July> '33 et al. — The gregarious resting habits of Danaine butterflies in Australia; also of Heliconine and Ithomiine butterflies in tropical America. [Pro. Ent. Soc. London] 7: 64-67. Satterthwait, A. F. — Larval instars and feeding of the black cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon. [47] 46: 517-530, ill. *Schaus, W. — New species of Heterocera in the National Museum. [75] 11: 566-587, cont. (S). Stempffer, H.— Contribution a 1'etude de quelques especes du genre Lycaeides (Lycae- nidae). [25] 38: 108-112, ill. de la Torre, C.— Notes on butterflies of Cuba. [Lepid. News] 1: 4-8. DIPTERA. — *Bequaert, J. — Description of a new North American species of Lasia (Cyrtidae). [40] No. 617: 2pp., ill. Bromley, S. W. — Additions to the Ohio list of robber flies. [43] 33: 204. *Brues, C. T. — Phoridae associated with ants and termites in Trinidad. [5] 39: 134-138. Notes on some tropical Phoridae. [5] 39: 139-144. *Curran, C. H. — The North American species of Actia in the American Museum of Natural History. [40] No. 614: 7pp. Goffe, E. R. — Synonymic notes on the dipterous family Syrphidae. [Trans. Ent. Soc. So. England] 8: 77-83. Martini, E.— The hypopygia of certain anophelines (Culicidae). [10] 35: 61-67, ill. *Matheson, R. — A new species of mosquito from Colorado (Culicidae). [10] 35: 69-71, ill. *Prado, A.- Notas sobre Mansonia albifera e sobre o macho de Man- sonia albicosta. [Mem. Inst. Butantan] 6: 193-197. *Stone, A. — Two new species of Tabanus from North America. [10] 35: 75-77. Wilson, G. E, — Three prehistoric parasites. [68] 77: 560. COLEOPTERA.— Arrow, G. J.— Further notes on the coleopterous genus Aserica (Melolonthinae). 1 10] 35: 71-73, Berlioz, M. J. — Note sur tin Coleoptere-Cerambycide de 1'Amerique du Nord, le Desmocerus piperi. [Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Paris] 5: 111-113. *Bruch, C.— Algunos estafilinidos de Misiones. [Physis] 11: 1-8, ill. (S). *Bruck, C. R. — New species of Carphoborus with key to species north of Mexico (Scolytidae). [4] 65: 103-106. .Chagnon, G. — Contribution a 1'etude des Coleopteres de la Province de Quebec. [Le Nat. Canadien] 60: 166-178, ill. Cooper, K. W. — Xenorphipis brendeli from Long Island. (Bupres- tidae). [19] 28: 115. Cooper, K. W.— On the American species of Alobates. (Tenebrionidae). [19] 28: 105-107, ill. Eggers, H. — Zur synonymic der Borkenkafer (Ipidae). | Knt. Nachrichtenb.] 7: 17-20. *Linsley, E. G.— A new xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS species of Monochamus from California (Cerambycidae). [4] 65: 118-119. Maulik, S.— On a structure in the an- tennae of beetles of the Chrysomelid genus Agetocera. [93] 1932: 943-956, ill. *Maulik~, S.— New Argentine Hispinae. [75] 11 : 605-609, ill. Milne, L. J.— Notes on Pseudolucanus placidus (Lucanidae). [4] 65: 106-114. ill. HYMENOPTERA. — Arndt & Dozier. -- (See Orthop- tera.) Crowell, M. F. — Oviposition of the ichneumonid Itoplectis conquisitor in a larva of Pyrausta nubilalis. [5] 39: 102. Cushman, R. A.— The identity and synonymy of three Oriental species of Cremastus (Ichneumonidae). [10] 35 : 73-75. Dreyer & Park. — Local distribution of Formica ulkei moundnests with reference to certain ecological fac- tors. [5] 39: 127-133. *Hicks, C. H.— A new Herbstiella (Apoidea) from North America. [40] No. 616: 2 pp. Hicks, C. H. — Notes on the prey and inquilines of Podalonia viol- aceipennis form luctuosa. [5] 39: 150-154. *Middleton, W. — Five new sawflies of the genus Neodiprion. [5] 39: 77-84. Rau, P. — Jungle bees and wasps of Barro Colorado Island (Panama). 1933. 324pp., ill. Rayment, T.— A remarkable leaf-cutter bee. [Victorian Nat.] 50: 9-11. ill. *Sandhouse, G. A. — Notes on some North American species of Halictus with the description of an apparently new species. (Apoi- dea). [10] 35: 78-83. *Schwarz, H. F.— Some neotropical Anthidiinae: Anthidium, Heteranthidium, and Dianthid- ium. [40] 624: 27pp. Some neotropical Anthidiinae: Par- anthidium, Anthidiellum, and Hypanthidium. [40] 625: 9pp. A NATURALIST IN THE GUIANA FOREST by Major R. W. G. KINGSTON. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., London: Edward Arnold & Co., 1932, pp. xiii, 384; 16 plates, 150 text illustrations. $5.00. — Major Kingston, author of Problems of Instinct and Intelligence, based largely on his own observations of insects and spiders in India, to whose natural history he has contributed many other volumes and papers, here describes some of the experiences of the Oxford University Expedition to British Guiana, of which he was leader. The expedition comprised twelve persons, of whom the entomologists were Major Hingston, O. W. Richards, of the Imperial College of Science, and J. E. Duffield, of Oxford, as well as a number of helpers recruited in Guiana. It established itself in a camp on Moraballi Creek, a tributary of the right bank of the Essequibo River, about 15 miles above Bartica and two miles from the creek's mouth. Here for four months, August to November, 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, '33 inclusive, of 1929, it devoted itself to a study of the forest, especially its roof, and its fauna and flora. "We were not so much concerned with making large collections as with matters connected with field observation such as the habits, instincts, life-histories and behaviour of the various forms of tropical life." "We collected altogether 75 mammals, 166 birds, 207 reptiles, about 10,000 insects, about 5,000 sets of plants, and about 500 miscellaneous. The collection of animals has been deposited at the British Museum and plants at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." Technical reports on these "will be published independently by specialists in suitable zoological and botanical journals." An area of about 2000 square yards was divested of its vege- tation to serve as a camp site. Here tents and shelters were erected. From this centre the surrounding forest was explored. Some tall trees were felled to examine the life of their crowns, but the chief studies of the forest canopy were made from arm- chair-like seats suspended from ropes or attached to high branches, or by climbing out such branches directly or on rope ladders. Two native rubber-balata men proved more efficacious in carrying the first ropes to elevations of 100 feet, more or less, than rocket-firing apparatus brought along for the pur- pose. Descriptions of the difficulties encountered and the ways in which they were met are given in some detail for the benefit of future investigators in these altitudes. Obviously strength, perseverance and a level head are necessary qualifications and much risk must have been run by those who ascended to the tree tops. Baited traps, illuminated at night, and hung at differ- ent elevations, furnished much material. Brief summaries of the insects and other animals of the roof and of other parts of the forest will be found in several places (pp. 56, 59-60, 75-80, 82-84, 353-359, 362). The final chapter (XVI) contrasts the differences between tree-roof and forest-floor. The author was strongly impressed with the horizontal stratification of the forest. Botanically he believes that there are at least four layers. To each of these he assigns characteristic mammals and birds and believes that the examination of the insect col- lections made will confirm this division. A large part of the book (pp. 85-235) is devoted to the snares, traps, nests and protective devices of spiders, 27 new species of which are described in the appendix, pp. 363-377. Protective, intimidating and warning devices of insects occupy fewer pages (236-348). The book is highly interesting to all concerned with tropical forest conditions and life. P. P. CALVERT. xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 A TEXT-BOOK OF PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY by FRANK I'.AI.- FOUR- BROWNE. New York Longmans Green & Co. London: Edward Arnold & Co., 1932. 10 x 7>4 inches, pp. viii, 191, 116 figs. $5.00. METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF THE INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS by CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Ohio State Uni- versity. Mimeographed by H. L. Hedrick, Columbus, ( )hio. 1932. 10^4 x Sy2 inches, 103 pp. on both sides of each leaf, many illustrations. $2.00. Here are two books very different in their immediate objects and in their contents, but both concerned with insect anatomy. The first is designed to meet requirements in subject matter and within time limits in English educational arrangements. It is divided into three parts, Elementary Course (28 pp.), Ad- vanced Course (66 pp.) and the Principles of Systematic En- tomology (94 pp.). It thus follows that the same group of insects may be treated three times. I.e., from each of these points of view. The text consists largely of directions for laboratory work. The cockroach occupies 14 of the pages and all of the illustrations (limited to external anatomy) of Part I, while the remainder of this Part treats very briefly of the orders other than Orthoptera. In Part II, 23 pages and 24 figures are concerned with the external and internal anatomy of the adult Dytiscits nutrt/iualis, followed by 7 pages and 5 figures on its larva. The rest of Part II is arranged on the basis of organ systems, with a couple of pages each on em- bryology and on histology and another brief summary of the orders. Part III includes a study of a grasshopper (14 pp., 11 figs.), the wings of insects (7 pp., 5 figs.) and the external morphology of Rhynchota, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera (68 pp., 54 figs.). The only keys for iden- tification are one of families of larvae of Coleoptera (based mi Macgillivray's of 1903) and one of families of larvae of Lepi- doptera (based on Fracker's of 1915). There is a general index of 2 1/3 pages. This volume may, therefore, serve as a labor- atory manual for three different courses in entomology of in- creasing length, as well as a reference book on those insects and topics which are dealt with at greater detail. It is well-printed and the illustraions are new. Prof. Kennedy's book is a handbook of the technique of the collection, dissection, fixation, whole-mounting, embedding, sec- tioning and staining of insect material, the apparatus and tools to be used therewith, the making of drawings and their repro- duction in publication. It too has been written for a course of instruction — at Ohio State University — wherein the problem 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '33 method of teaching is used, but its usefulness is world-wide, wherever entomology is pursued. The author has brought to- gether from many sources a very large number of methods, suggestions, hints, cautions and bits of advice for the beginner and for the most advanced research worker as well. There is a bibliography of eleven titles on microscopical technique and an extensive alphabetical index of 12 pages. P. P. CALVERT. INSECTS. — Man's Chief Competitors. By W. P. FLINT and C. L. METCALF. The Williams and Wilkins Co. in coopera- tion with the Century of Progress Exposition. Baltimore, 1932. 133 pp. 12 figs. $1.00. — With the public mind attuned to the reading of sparkling, wise-cracking columnists and adapted to the pap dispensed in a supercilious manner by our more pros- perous group of writers, it is becoming more difficult for scien- tific workers to produce anything which can compete success- fully for popular attention. And yet it is the scientific worker, the specialist, who should take time to give something of what is his to the public. Although it be difficult for him and although he may not quite master the perfection of style of the professional writer, it is he who should do it, for he alone possesses the proper background of knowledge from which to select what is best. This little volume succeeds very well in maintaining an imag- inative and popular style and in avoiding technical terminology, but presenting withal an informative and balanced account of its subject matter. The point of view is that of considering insects as man's competitors and enemies. The methods and equipment of both the enemy camps are described, including a comparison of the structure and functioning of the bodies of insects and man. Then follows an account of the ten principal orders of insects and finally a series of seven insect "biog- raphies" including the Grape Phylloxera, Fleas and the Black Death, Ox Warbles, etc. In each case the historical side is not neglected, mention being made of the way in which the main facts were discovered. The book will interest both old and young, its style is very apt to arouse the imagination and interest of the latter, especially. R. G. SCHMIEDER. OBITUARY. With great regret we announce the death of DR. FREDERIC W. CODING, well known for his work on the Membracidae, which occurred at Livermore Falls, Maine, on May 5, 1933. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted for Cash or Exchange — Uncommon species of North American Lepidoptera. Several of each kind. D. V. Brown, Pleas- anton, California. Butterflies — Desire correspondence from Western United States, Canada and Alaska. Will exchange rare California material for specimens from your locality. Lloyd M. Martin, P. O. Box 52, Roscoe, California. Exchange — Local Venezuelan (South America) species of lepidop- tera offered in exchange for North American species. Oscar Zuloaga, P. O. Box 263, Caracas, Venezuela. Exchange. — Desire Lepidoptera, particularly specimens and data of Wisconsin and U. S. Catocala. Exchange for same. Wm. E. Sicker. 46 Breeze Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin. Will buy or exchange — Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Wanted — West Coast Geometrids for cash or in exchange for California Butterflies. Edward Guedet, P. O. Box 305, Napa, Calif. Wanted — Western species of Bumblebees, all three castes; also Psithyrus and Catocala. A. P. Morse, Peabody Museum, Salem.v Mass. Will Buy Agromyzidae from North, South, Central America and the West Indies. Special prices for reared material with host records and pressed specimens of mines. S. W. Frost, Arendtsville, Penn- sylvania. Wanted — Hypenids and other quadrifid Noctuids from all parts of North America by exchange or purchase. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., D^nt. Biolofrur[>nrca. In studying their key to that group, one very much questions * Journal N. Y. Ent. Society, Vol. XL, No. 3, Sept., 1932. 197 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 whether a student unfamiliar with the group could successfully place a variety by its use. On the other hand, the worker who knows the group will not agree with many of their arbitrary decisions in matters either of rank or position. They may be correct in censuring the making of many synonyms, but are scarcely convincing in their reasons (or lack of reasons) for sinking some names of accepted usage and retaining others. In the humble opinion of one who has studied the Cicindeli- dae over thirty years, and who has collected and known inti- mately more than a hundred of the North American species and varieties, an identification table or key in this family, to be useful, should be planned in conformity with the natural lines of genetic development as indicated by stable taxonomic characters, placing color and maculation as secondary. Doctor Walther Horn, our highest authority on the Cicindelidae, is on record (1, p. 35) as stating, with regard to the family: "... Color and design have no specific value at all, and there- fore may be entirely left out of, the determination tables of the species." Yet we are presented here with a key based almost wholly upon color and maculation. Such a key must neces- sarily contain inconsistencies and fall subject to criticism, due in the present case to the use of very loosely anplied terms to indicate color. A specific instance may be cited. One of the two groupings under (6) is: "Thorax and elytra greenish (rarely both a greenish blue)." This leads to the varieties propinqua, dcnvcrcnsis and pugctana, which, to call them "greenish," is like calling grass greenish or coal blackish, so very decided is their color. It also leads to decemnotata, which may be as correctly considered reddish or copperish as greenish. No two people could agree on such a color as "greenish." The variety ludoviciana, most intimately related to dcnvcrcnsis, is placed in another grouping under (6) : "Thorax and elytra a different color." This is a misleading basis upon which to attempt to separate ludoviciana from dcnvcrcnsis, since the writer has collected, and has seen in other collections, frequent specimens of denverensis in which the elytra were of a differ- ent color than the head and thorax, and D. E. Lantz (3, p. 256) xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 has specifically mentioned having "a dcmrrcnsis with a blue head and thorax." Forms intermediate between dcnvcrcnsis and splcndida have, of necessity, the thorax and elytra of different color. Groupings based wholly upon color are not natural ones, and would lead to endless confusion in the hands of one unacquainted with the family. We find cimarrona considered a valid spea'es. senarated. under (2). on the basis of "elvtra with marginal line." Those acquainted with the fiurbnrca PTOHD hnve decided years ago that cimarrona is not entitled to snecific rank, and we have the statement of no less an authority than Doctor LeConte that it is not. Dr. F. H. Snow savs (6, p. 16) regarding anduboni Lee. and cimarrona Lee. : "A Inrjje series of the last two forms was taken, convincing Dr. LeConte of what he had lonrr sus- pected, that they should not be considered distinct species." (At the time this was written, in 1877, auduboni was consid- ered as including both the "Teen and black forms ) The writer has called attention (5, p. 183) to the same fact in the follow- ing words : "C. cimarrona has resulted from a fusion of cjra- minca and auduboni, together with a change of markings, in the high table-lands east of the Rocky Mountains, as shown by a series taken bv Doctor Snow in South Park. Colo., which exhibits every possible stafe of transition from gravwnea and auduboni to cimarrona." It is understood, of course, that in this statement qraminca refers to what is now called auduboni, and auduboni to what is now considered nicjcrrima. The same fusion of these three varieties may be found in Gallinas Can- von above Las Vegas, New Mexico, and in many other local- ities. A definite chanee in coloration accompanies this fusion, the green and black forms showing a tendency to blend in most specimens into a somewhat browner tone, and to be overlaid with cupreous reflections, that become intensified with an in- crease of altitude. There is a simultaneous change in shape also, the mountain forms becoming somewhat more elongate, more robust, more convex. As would be expected in a transi- tion, within a restricted territory, from feebly maculate forms 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 to those with complete markings and marginal band, there are intermediate forms in which the markings are quite complete (corresponding to those of iiinbalis) hut are not connected by a marginal band. Some of these forms answer very well to the description of augitralis Casey, and may be identical with it. In which case it seems very plain that both dmarrona and auguralis are varieties of purpurca, so that Casey and Leng were both correct in placing auguralis as such, contrary to the views of the authors, whose key for the group would require some alteration to accommodate the correction. The proper inclusion of cmiarrona with the purpnrca subgroup was well understood by Lantz (3, p. 257), who said: "A study of the habits of the purpurca group leads me to recognize two series. The first is represented by purpurca and the varieties graminea, auduboni, dmarrona, etc. The series has usually a detached, oblique middle band. . . . The other series has the middle band less oblique when complete, but often short and at right angles to the border of the elytron, or even lacking. . . . To it belongs limbalis, splcndida, dciwcrcnsls, etc." The writer made up a tabular arrangement of the purpurca group (5, p. 184) to show this same division into two subgroups, with eight varieties in each, that would require no correction at the present time except the exclusion of plutonica. The use of the "marginal line" in erecting a species is of very doubtful value in the genus Cicindela, since one can men- tion other American species and varieties (pulchra; Iccoutci ; nigrocacrulca) in which every type of variation from the im- maculate to that with markings fused into a marginal vitta can be found, without these forms having received distinctive names that would stand. Furthermore, varieties showing the peculiarity of marginal band are to be found in both the pur- purca and the limbalis subgroups, those in the former all coming under the name dmarrona. Those forms of the limbalis sub- group displaying the development of a marginal band are also found in Colorado, but they are much more brilliant in color- ation and very different in habits from dniurrona. Placing importance, as they do, on the marginal line, it is hard to under- xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 stand how the authors could have overlooked this unusual variety in any study of the purpurea group. Doctor Horn (1, p. 31) especially refers to it : "... wonderful forms of pur- purea from Sedalia (red, entire border white; green, the middle band broadly united with the humeral lunule)." And V. E. Shelford, in his brilliant work on Color and Color-Pattern Mechanism of Tiger Beetles, amply illustrates the maculation of the variety on Plate 25, Figs, p to s, and Plate 28, Figs. 508-509 and 516-518. As in einnirrona, this variety is exceed- ingly variable, both in color and markings, the color varying from bright red, or red with green reflections, to occasional brilliant green individuals. The markings are usually complete and rather broadened, often dilated at the margin and partly or entirely fused to form a marginl band, but occasionally are so restricted as to approximate those of splendida. The variety reaches its best development on the high table lands between Denver and Colorado Springs, fine series having been collected at Sedalia. Though exceedinly variable, its characteristics of color and markings are so distinctive from all other forms in the limbalis subgroup as to justify its proper characterization, both for reference purposes and for cabinet arrangements, and I suggest for it the name Cieindela sedalia. One finds small reason for erecting splendida as a species distinct from limbalis, and for placing transz'crsa under lim- balis, and cvanoeephala under splendida. This is an attempt to harness one horse of the team backward, and is astonishing in view of their statement (p. 349) : "As might be imagined, intermediates are often encountered in Kansas (Argentine) which is apparenly one of the rare localities where both limbalis and var. transvcrsa and splendida and var. cyanocepliula occur together." It is new to our knowledge that distinct species can have intermediate forms mingling with them in the same locality and retain their specific identity. The writer has years ago (5, p. 180) recorded the occurrence of these four forms together at Topeka, Kansas, and has further shown trans-rersa and splendida to be one species (5, p. 183) : "Specimens of this last were frequently found in copula with typical trans- 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 versa, thus establishing splendid a as a variety of transversa, and so of pur pur ca." This was at Fern Glen, near St. Louis, Mo. Again, we hardly agree with the statement that "denverensis may be traced through ludoviciana as merely another variety of splendida." Why "through ludoviciana," which is a very local and sporadic form? Professor Lantz has shown (3, p. 256) that the distributional boundaries between splendida and denverensis overlap just as do those between transversa and splendida: "In four cases I found denverensis and splendida in copulation, and my frien'd, Mr. Johnson, of the Ft. Collins, Colo., Experiment Station, has observed similar cases near Denver." As to the reduction to synonymy of certain varietal names, without a more fundamental reason for doing so in each in- stance, the habit reveals itself as purely arbitrary. The authors, for example, annul the name nurabilis, which is abundantly distinct in form and color, as well as minor characters, from auduboni, but retain ludoviciana, which is very feebly separable in a large series from denverensis. The line of geographical separation between the red-and-green forms (splendida; cyan- ocephala] and the purely green, or blue and green (ludoviciana; denverensis; propinqua), inscribes a diagonal line from the northwest across northeastern Colorado and southwestern Kan- sas, bending eastward through Oklahoma and northeastern Texas to extreme northern Louisiana. There seems little doubt that in time connecting forms will be found between denver- ensis and ludoviciana that will sink the latter name to synonymy. On the other hand, the writer has shown (5, p. 183) that "C. denverensis occurs in two forms, corresponding to splendida and ainocna in markings, which have not received distinctive names." Since denverensis was described as having maculation oimilar to splendida, the green form with complete markings corresponding to those of cyanoccphala and I'unbalis, and which occurs in company with denverensis in the valley of the South Platte, is without proper characterization, and I suggest for it the name Cicindcla plattcnsis. It bears to typical denverensis xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 exactly the same relationship that cyanoccphala bears to splen- dida, or linibalis to tmns^'i'rsa, and is fully as deserving of a name, hoth for reference purposes and for cabinet arrange- ments. Like the other fully maculate varieties (linibalis; cyan- occpliala), iii the more northern extension of its range it some- times occurs to the almost exclusion of its sister form, dcni'cr- ensis. It should not be confused with pncjctana, which is per- haps more properly associated with dcccnmotata, although the key of the authors does not make this very clear. The placement of pnrpitrca and all of its close derivatives in a key under "thorax, head and elytra always the same or about the same color" is misleading, since some western varieties, such as mirabilis, have the head and thorax distinctly red or cupreous and the elytra quite green. To be useful to a student of this family, a key to its varieties should delineate and delimit group- ings more closely. Excluding only the forms of dcccninolata, which is admittedly entitled to specific standing, the remainder of the pnrpurea group has all too evidently sprung from two stem forms, pur- pur ca and linibalis. The genetic development of the group has taken two distinct and very divergent directions in its move- ment westward across the continent, which would seem to jus- tify the separation of the group into two species. In habits also the two subgroups have diverged, those from the pnrpurea stock preferring open meadow roads or prairie, those from linibalis, clay banks or hilly clay roads. Whether this separa- tion into two species is really justifiable rests, it seems, upon the one vital question : Do pwpurca and linibalis ever occur together, and interbreed, in the Eastern States? (In the West we know that they do not.) This point has never been made clear to our knowledge. If they do interbreed, all varieties in the group (excepting dcccmnotata and possibly piigetana} should be thrown into one species; if they do not, the group can stand, as now considered, a complex of varieties of two species, pnrpurea and liuibalis. Let the collector who is so placed as to find the two stem forms together decide this ques- tion. Most of us are agreed that the acid test by which to deter- 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 mine whether two related forms that occur together are the same or separate species is whether or not they interbreed and give rise to intermediate forms, no matter what their similarity in structure may be. To determine this point in the Cicindelidae is comparatively easy because of their bold diurnal habits. The application of this test has separated se.ryuttata and patruela, that were once considered varieties of one species ; likewise has separated fonnosa and Icnyi. It has kept together the rather dissimilar re panda and duodecimguttata, and the even more dissimilar Mexican hydro phoba and quinqucnotata. The same test has definitely established en prase ens and tna-cra as distinct species (4, p. 427), in spite of their frequent erroneous place- ment as varieties of one species by those not personally ac- quainted with their habits. The references included here under Literature Cited, all of which papers discuss species of the purpnrea group, will supply a few of the omissions from the Bibliography of the authors. Most of them will be found in Mr. Leng's able and complete Bibliography of Taxonomic Coleopterology to January 1, 1919, published with his Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. LITERATURE CITED. (1) HORN, WALTHER. 1903. Letters of a Traveling Ento- mologist. Published by Warren Knaus, Press of Demo- crat-Opinion, McPherson, Kansas, pp. 1-44. (2) KNAUS, WARREN. 1900. The Cicindelidae of Kansas. Canadian Entomologist, XXXII, pp. 109-116. (3) LANTZ, D. E. 1905. Notes on Collecting Cicindelidae. Transactions Kansas Acacl. Science, XIX, Topeka, Kans., pp. 252-260. (4) SMYTH, E. G. 1905. Notes on Collecting Cicindelidae. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., XIX, pp. 425-432. (5) SMYTH, E. G. 1907. Notes on Collecting Cicindelidae— II. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., XXI, Pt. I, pp. 180-188. (6) SNOW, F. H. 1877. List of Coleoptera Collected in Colorado in June, July and August, 1876, by the Kansas University Scientific Expedition. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., V, pp. 16-21. (7) WILLISTON, S. W. 1878. Notes on the Habits of Some of the Rarer Cicindelidae. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., VI, pp. 32-33. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 A New A.lcidamea (Hymenop.: Megachilidae). By T. D. A. COCKERELL, University of Colorado. Alcidamea brachyodonta n. sp. Male. Length about or nearly 6 mm., anterior wing about 3.8 mm. ; black, with pale hair, dense and rather dull white on face, white and thin on cheeks and pleura, very dense and faintly fulvescent on middle of front, faintly fulvescent on thorax above, the fringe on scutellum erect and very long ; eyes black ; scape stout and black ; flagellum beyond about the third joint clear ferruginous beneath ; and the apical half clear red on both sides, the apex with the usual spiniform termination ; meso- thorax finely punctured, shining between the punctures ; scutel- lum and base of metathorax shining ; tegulae dark reddish ; wings somewhat dusky, especially in the apical field, stigma and marginal vein dark, the other veins pale brown ; second cubital cell receiving first recurrent nervure very near its base, and the second more than twice as far from the apex ; basal nervure falling short of nervulus ; legs black, with sparse white hair, the tibiae at end, and the small joints of tarsi, rufescent; abdomen finely punctured, shining, with five rather dull white hair bands, the first two broadly interrupted ; apex produced and broadly rounded, a small tooth at each side of sixth tergite ; second sternite with a rather small erect denticle. Habitat: Pasadena, CALIFORNIA. Charles H. Hicks, 2156. A. cold Crawford, from Redlands, is even smaller (male about 5 mm.), with brown antennae, and the apex of the abdomen is pointed, as in A. producta Cresson. The California A. f/rin- nclli Ckll. is much larger, and differs in many respects, such as the venation, the structure of abdomen, and the green eyes. Changes at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia announces the following staff changes made by the Board of Trustees : Mr. William J. Fox, for many years Assistant Librarian, was appointed Librarian. Mr. Morgan Hebard, formerly Curator of the Department of Entomology, wishing to be relieved of all administrative duties and to devote his time more fully to the care and study of his personal collection, resigned as Curator and was ap- pointed a Research Associate in the same department. Mr. James A. G. Rehn, formerly Associate Curator of the Department of Entomology, was apjxjinted Curator of the same department to succeed Mr. Hebard. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 Observations on a Chrysid Parasite and its Host (Hymenop.: Chrysididae, Megachilidae). By CHARLES H. HICKS, University of Colorado. Not a great deal is known concerning the early stages of chrysid larvae and their host relationships. This applies partic- ularly to American species. It is rather generally believed that the young chrysid feeds only on the larva of the host although Chapman * has shown that some species, at least, first destroy the small, host larva and later eat the stored provisions of paralyzed caterpillars. A review of Chapman's paper, and cer- tain others of importance, is given by Sharp in the Cambridge Natural History, vol. VI, pages 3 and 4, 1899. In the instances where the host is a bee, hence a pollen feeder, the chrysid either waits until the bee larva has grown before it attacks it or, as in a record by Ferton ** (and possibly others), the parasite is said to actually consume pollen and honey while waiting for the bee larva to develop or to reach sufficient size. During the Spring of 1928, at Pasadena, California, the writer was fortunate in securing two nests of bees, each con- taining chrysid larvae. The chrysid involved is Chrysis (Holo- chrysis) pacifica Say or an unnamed variety or race of pacifica. This determination has been made by Dr. Leland H. Taylor to whom I am pleased to express my appreciation for this and other favors. Certain data concerning the development of the chrysid, together with notes on the host, follow : The host from one nest proves to be that of a new species which Dr. Cockerell has described as Alcidamea brachyodonta, the description of which is published in this issue of the NEWS. The nest from which this specimen has been reared was taken at Pasadena, California, on May 28 and contained 4 completed cells. The builder and provisioner had but recently constructed a barricade to the outside and above the series of cells. The outer part of the barricade consisted of a plug, concave in out- line as seen from above, formed of greenish and brown plant material and a few small pebbles, about one millimeter in thick- * Chapman, T. A. "On the Oeconomy of the Chrysides parasitic on Odynerus spinipcs." Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 6, pp. 153-158, 1869. ** Ferton, Ch. "La Vie des Abeilles et des Guepes." Chiron, Paris. 1923. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 ness. The plant substance composing it was thought to have been obtained in part, at least, from lichens. Below, a space measuring some 24 mm. in length had been rilled with loose pebbles. A support or partition of plant material held these pebbles from falling upon the content of the first cell (last to be constructed). The first cell was 6 mm. long; 2nd, 13 mm.; 3rd, 8 mm.; and the 4th, 12 mm. in length. Between the first and the sec- ond cell, some pebbles had been used with the plant material in the partition ; between the others, the partitions were thinner and consisted solely of a greenish substance. The content of the lowest cell rested on the concave base of the pith of the plant stem. Each cell contained some pollen and a larva of the host bee, A. bracliyodonta, but the size of the larva was pro- gressively larger and the amount of food increasingly less in the cells from one to four. Each host larva had a small, parasitic, chrysicl larva on its body. These parasites were of about the same size and re- mained attached to the hosts, although the latter were jarred considerably. At this time, just after the nest had been taken, the parasites were oriented as follows : Xo. 1 was on the seg- ment just anterior to the mid-body region of the host, with its head toward or attached at a nearly dorsal position; Xo. 2 was on the 4th from the last segment with its head toward the dorsal region of the host and with its tail touching the pollen in ;he cell ; Xo. 3 was on the 3rd segment from the last of the host and in a position similar to that of Xo. 2 except that it rested entirely on the host ; Xo. 4 was like Xo. 3 but was attached midway between the head and tail of the host. The entire nest was placed in a test tube containing a cotton plug for a stopper. Certain facts of development and of larval reactions were sub- sequently observed and recorded. Two days after the nest had been taken from the field, all the host larvae had grown much larger, those in the last two cells (numbers 3 and 4), having nearly finished their provi- sions. The chrysid larvae, changed in position on the host body, remained practically the same in si/e. During the after- noon of the following day, the host from the 4th cell began to spin its cocoon. This was after it had finished passing 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 and apparently following complete evacuation of the digestive tract. These pellets had been plastered to the side of the small vial to which the host and parasite had been transferred follow- ing the period of feeding. Normally the feces would have been placed at the ends of the cell and outside the cocoon of the insect. During the period of feeding of this specimen and that of the others of the nest, food and atmospheric conditions were kept moist. This was accomplished by placing periodically with- in the test tube enough fresh leaves to furnish sufficient moist- ure. The cotton stopper aided in preventing too rapid evapora- tion and allowed for an exchange of gases for respiration. This method, when properly regulated, keeps the pollen moist and provides better conditions for larval growth and develop- ment. It may be used to advantage where regulated moist chambers cannot be had. The host larva, in spinning, attached its silk to cotton placed in the vial but it was unable to enclose itself in a cocoon, due to the large size size of the tube. This failure had been planned in order that .the spinning would be dissipated and that with the host and parasite in view at all times. Thus when finished on the following day, a bed of silk lay beneath the larva and none at the side or above it. During the active movement of the host while spinning, the parasite held on, seemingly shifting its position as the need for it arose. This was true likewise when the host was forced to tumble out onto my hand or when rolled back into the vial. It appeared that the chrysid larva held onto the host by means of its jaws, supplemented at times by the contact of the pos- terior end of the body. A dark spot in the center of the body indicated that it had probably fed a little although active feed- ing did not take place until the host had completed its work. Then it fed noticeably and actively until the tissues of the host were exhausted, spun its cocoon successfully (since cotton for a side attachment had been provided) and later in the labora- tory completed its development. It emerged during the early winter a mature chrysid, Chrysis (Ifoloclirysis) pacific a or an unnamed variety or race of pacified. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 The parasite from one cell was removed from the host and mounted on a slide in balsam. A sketch of it accompanies this article as well as that of the adult larva from another. FIG. 1 Mature chrysid larva removed from cocoon. Anterior end is to the right, x 10. FIG. 2. Sketch of first instar of ' hrysis ( tfoloclirysis) ftacijica Say or an. unnamed variety of pacijica, parasite ofAlcitlamea brachyodunta Ckll. Dark, central mass represents ingested food, x 85. From still another host of this series, the young chrysid was forcibly removed and placed on the paralyzed, moth larva, prey of the wasp, Podalonia riolaceipcunis form Inctnosa. It, however, did not attack this prey and later perished. A second nest, believed to be that built by a species of bee belonging to the genus Ashmeadiella, likewise contained chrysid larvae. These parasitic larvae appeared very like those from the nest of A. brachyodotita and their reactions and relation- ships quite similar. It is hoped that the host from this nest may be identified and the data later presented. The parasite from one cell in this series was found at one time on the food mass. It seems probable that the adult female chrysid seeks the nest and cell of the host (or hosts) and lays her egg therein. The larva then, upon hatching, attaches itself to the host and remains with little or no food until the host has reached a late larval or prepupal stage before attacking it. In nine instances, only one chrysid larva was found to a given host larva thereby suggesting that usually but a single fertile egg is deposited in a given cell. 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 Two New Species of Calendra (Col.: Curculionidae.) By A. F. SATTERTHWAIT, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The 'following species have heen unearthed through the gen- erous cooperation of Mr. Henry Dietrich, formerly inspector in the Mississippi State Plant Board, with the Webster Groves Station of the Bureau of Entomology in its investigation of the corn billbugs. Calendra dietrichi, new species. Front tibia narrowing toward apex, the outer edge, at the spot where the outer apical angle usually appears, not in the least angulate or lobecl. but evenly merging into the terminal claw or uncus ; third joint of each tarsus one-third to one-half wider than basal joint. Pronotum without actual vittae ; median line narrow, pol- ished, impunctate, almost contacting base and apex ; punctures circular, wide, shallow, heavily coated, only moderately variable in size, smallest at basal edge and at apical collar, some of them confluent near base on each side of the median line and in the posterior outer angles of the disk ; all punctures of one type, each with an erect central seta slightly projecting. A small polished area, large enough to accommodate about two punc- tures, slightly cephalo-laterad of middle of each half of disk. Beak moderately compressed, ventro-apical angle less than 90 degrees, apex above slightly concave, upper contour almost flat, very slightly convex from base past scrobes, then slightly con- cave, then convex, then straight 'for apical fourth ; flattened portion at base with thoracic type of punctures from eye to eye, and extending slightly on to the head and part way laterad along eyes like eyebrows, except for a narrow, transverse, pol- ished, impunctate area caudad of interocular puncture. Inter- ocular puncture inconspicuous at base of long, wide depression. Elytra thinly and generally covered with yellowish gray coat- ing. Intervals flat, basal portion of third slightly elevated. Sutural interval uniseriately punctate, about 22 punctures in basal half; the second interval with 12 punctures in basal half not closely set and somewhat larger than those on sutural in- terval ; the third with about 30 in basal half, those in basal third irregularly biseriate or uniseriate, balance uniseriate. Striae open, punctures large, 8 in basal half of first stria, 6 in basal half of second, the punctures in the apical half not conspicuous. Pygidium bearing long, untufted setae across the apical third. xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 Last sternite setaceous, with tufts as long as the pygidial setae. Other ventral punctures generally like those of thorax, each with a slightly projecting seta. General color dark grayish hrown with yellowish gray coat- ing in depressions. Measurements in millimeters : Female, total length 9.23; width of beak nt middle 047. at apex 0.52, at base 1.06. least depth about 0.70. length 2.96; pronotal width 3.60, length 4.13, humeral width 3.80, 'elytra! length 4.50. The female type was reared from a larva in rice stubble from Wiggins, MISSISSIPPI, March 4, 1^32, submitted by Mr. Henry Dietrich ; the adult issued April 6 (Webster Groves No. 32002). Another female, collected in the adult state under chips at Delchamps, ALABAMA, December 13, 1931, by Mr. Dietrich (Webster Groves No. 31155), is almost exactly like the female type except that its feet are almost devoid of setae, and to this denuded condition is attributed the fact that the third tarsal joint of each foot appears somewhat inflated, at least \l/2 times the width of the basal joint. The rostrum of the Alabama specimen has two concave spaces in the dorsal curve. The Alabama specimen differs also in that the polished impunctate area at the base of the beak extends completely across from eye to eye. Through the courtesy of Mr. Henry Dietrich the type is de- posited in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 44807). This species more closely resembles C. germari Horn than C. chittendcni Blatch. It differs from germori in having the lower apical point of the rostrum acute, in having a partial differentiation between the rostrum and the head, in having no notable irregularity in the sculpturing of the pronotum, and in having elytra with prominent wide open striae, fewer and much smaller strial punctures, much finer punctures on intervals, and more sharply defined intervals. It differs from C. chittendcni in having the basal portion of the rostrum closely beset with large coated punctures and in the absence of a fovea in front of the eye, in having only a narrow smooth line on the disk of the pronotum and only one style of puncture, and in having much closer punctures on flat, square-shouldered elytral intervals. 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 Calendra lucedalensis, new species. Tibia not truncate, broadly rounded or lobed at outer apical angle ; all tarsi slender, the joints about equally wide. Elytral intervals flat and even, striae fine and shallow ; strial punctures large, about twice as long as wide, shallow, about 12 to 16 in the first stria. Even intervals about equal. Punctures on in- tervals fine, uniseriate, except at base of third, where they are irregular. Coating even, though less opaque toward base of seventh and eighth intervals, apparently from abrasion. Pronotum without actual vittae though there are slight de- pressions with large, more or less confluent punctures from the middle of the base forward and outward, practically lost before reaching middle. A slight depression with congested large punctures near center of each basal quarter. Median line less than half the thoracic length, moderately wide, impunctate in the center, failing to reach base and apex by about equal distances. Pronotum more clearly black than the elytra, yet lusterless or nearly so. Collar fold at apex not obvious across the median line. Beak compressed, its depth at apex double its thickness at middle, flattened above at base, moderately curved with a fossal bump near base above, and about a 25 degree bend near apex. Apex above concave ; below, about a 95 degree angle, not rounded. Interocular puncture deep, circular, without canal. Metasternum with a few very coarse punctures, some confluent. Punctures coarse on sternite 1, deeper on 5, moderately fine on 2, 3 and 4. Sternites shiny, without obvious setae. Pygidium coarsely, not very densely, punctured, with a slight median elevation indicated at the apex. Pygidial setae all very fine, short. General color blackish-brown with scant yellowish-gray coat- ing. Measurements in millimeters: Female, total length 11.25; width of beak at middle 0.38, at base 0 76, length 3.55 ; pronotal width 3.13, length 4.43, humeral width 3.96, elytral length 5.01. Type locality, Lucedale, MISSISSIPPI, June 22, 1932. Found dead by Mr. Henry Dietrich. Described from one specimen in very good condition. Through the courtesy of Mr. Henry Dietrich the type is deposited in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 44808). This species is somewhat suggestive of scoparia Horn, espe- cially those specimens of the latter species in which the pro- notal irregularities are at a minimum. The elytral pattern is quite distinctive ; this and the character of the front tibiae and xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 the slenderness of the tarsi separate it from most of the species of the eastern and central states, and indicate nearness to C. cicatistriata (Fahr.) (ulkci Horn). There are slight serrations in the tibiae but they are not nearly so strong as in C. serratipcs Chitt. The Marloff Collection of Insects. The late Mr. Fred Marloff, Jr., bequeathed his entire col- lection of insects with the cabinets to the Carnegie Museum. This is the largest and the most valuable bequest ever received in the Section of Entomology. The collection contains 27.000 specimens mostly from United States and Canada. Mr. Mar- loft's beautful collection of Micro-Lepidoptera had already some years before been acquired by this museum through the generosity of Dr. George H. Clapp. Mr. Marloff until his death preserved the greatest interest in the Carnegie Museum, and he used to express his desire to the curator, that his col- lection would be there preserved. This collection will always stand as a monument of this gentle, true, and spirited lepidop- terist. 34th Ann. Rep. Carnegie Mus. 1931:31. Entomological Literature COMPILED BY LAURA S. MACKEY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above hend it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining: to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including- Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The figures within brackets \ ] refer to the journal in which the paper appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials published in our January and June issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for lOc. The number of. or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c. the latter within ( ) follows; then the pagination follows the colon : All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. •Papers containing new forms or names have an * preceding the author's name. (S) Papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so Indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Rec- ord, Office of Experiment Stations. Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series P> Jt?TNote the change in the method of citing the bibliographical references, as explained above. Papers published in the Entomological News arc not listed. GENERAL. — Adkin, R. — The 1i.jrht-tr.nn as an adjunct to the exnloratioii of a fauna. [9] 66: 123-120. Barber & Wade. — Note on a collection of old entomological paint- ings. [6] 41: 101-103. Bequaert, J. C. — Contribution to the 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 entomology of Yucatan. (Carnegie Inst. AYashington] No. 431 : 547-574, ill. Cockerell, T. D. A.— The Brazilian collec- tions of H. H. Smith. |6] 41 : 54. Ewing, H. E. Some pecu- liar relationship between ectoparasites and their hosts. [90] 67: 365-373. Gilmore, R. J. — Life in mountain waters. [Colorado Coll. Publ.J 1933: 28pp., ill. Hering, M.— Mor- phologische Untersuchungen in der Gattung Parnassius (Lepidopt.) als Beitrag zu einer Kritik am Begriff der Unterart [Alitteil. Zool. Mus. Berlin] 18 (3): 273-318, ill. Jacot, A. P. — Examination of the reverse side of micro- mounts. [68] 78: 128-129. Lai Hora, S.— Silken shelters of torrential insect-larvae. [Current Sci.] 1 : 341-343, ill. Lindner, E. — Ueber die preparation von Dipteren und Hy- menopteren. [Museumskunde] 5: 73-78. ill. Osborn, H.- Entomological centenaries. [7] 26: 201-202. Phillips, E. F. -Insects collected on apple blossoms in western New York. [47] 46: 851-862. Richards, O. W.— The centenary of the Royal Entomological Society of London. [Sci. Progress, London] 28: 52-60. Soffner, J.— Insektenleben und "men- schliche kultur. [17] 50: 160-162, cont. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Bacelar & Frade. -Sur la longevite chez les Araignees. [77] 113: 523-524. Baker & Arbuthnot. — The application of artificially pro- longed hibernation of parasites to liberation technique. [7] 26: 297-302. Beams & King.— The intracellular canaliculi of the pharyngeal glands of the honeybee. [92] 64: 309-314, ill. Biron, M. and Metalnikov, S.— fitudes snr rimmunite des chenilles de Galleria mellonella envers IPS Bacilles tu- berculeux. [C. R. Soc. Biologic, Paris] 113 (25): 1050-1052. Brolemann, H. W. — Les segments thoraciques chez les Diplopodes-Chilognathes (Mvriapodes). [Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse] 64: 471-482. Dingier, M.— Das stridulation- sorgan yon Crioceris. [97] 52: 705-709, ill. Douglas, J. R. -Additional information on precipitation as a factor in the emergence of Epilachna corrupta from hibernation. [84] 14: 286-297, ill. Duncan, P. M.— The muscles and the nerves of the ovipositor of Anax junius. [1] 59: 145-157, ill. Dyal & Nath.— On the nature of the "Yolk-Nucleus" <>f spiders. [Jour. R. Micros. Soc.] 53: 122-128. ill. Ells- worth, J. K. — The photoreceptive organs of a flesh fly larva, Lncilia sericata : an experimental and anatomical study. |7| 2(>: 203-215, ill. Fulton, B. B.— Inheritance of song in hy- brids of two subspecies of Nemobius fasciatus. [7] *26: 368- 376. v. Gebhardt, A. — Zur anatomic des geschlechtsap- parates der Buprestiden. [Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc.] 12: xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215 104-118, ill. Gerould, J. H.— Orders of insects with heart- beat reversal. [92] 64: 424-431. Giordani-Soika, A.— Osser- vazioni svtl colorimento della ninfa imenotteri. [Mem. Soc. Ent. Italiana] 11: 206-219. Grandi, G— Morfologia ed etologia comparata cli insetti a regime specializzato. [Bol. Lab. Ent. R. 1st. Sup. Agrar. Bologna] 5: 143-305. _ ill. Grandjean, F. — Observations sur les organes respiratoires des Oribates [Acariens]. [25] 38: 123-127. Henke, K.- Zur vergleichenden morphologic des zentralen symmetrie- systems auf dem schmetterlings-fliigel. [97] 53: 165-199, ill. Hertz, M. — Ueber figurale intensitaten uncl qualitaten in der optischen wahrnehmung der biene. [97] 53: 10-40, ill. Hilton, W. A.— The senses of spiders. [13] 25: 21-31, ill. Howell & Usingcr. — Observations on the flight and length of life of drone bees. [7] 26: 239-246, ill. Janisch, E.- Beobachtungen bei der aufzucht von bettwanzen, [Zeit. Parasitenk., Berlin] 5: 460-514, ill. Jb'rg, M. E. — Consid- eraciones histofisiologicas sobre los ojos de los insectos (Polybia scutellaris y euterme). [104] 5: 93-102, ill. Kirch- ner, Z. — Comportement de 1'appareil de Golgi et du vac- uome pendant la spermatoisrene.se chez Aphrophora salicis. [77] 113: 1293-1295, ill. Koch, A.— Ueber das verhalten symbiontenfreier Sitodrepalarven. [97] 53: 199-203, ill. Koltzoff, N. K. — Ueber die kunstlicne parthenogenese des seidenspinners. [97] 52: 626-642. Lartschenko, K. — Die unempfanglichkeit der raupen von Loxostege sticticalis mid Pieris brassicae gegen parasiten. [Zeit. Parasitenk., Berlin] 5: 679-707, ill. Lengerken, H. — Ueber bilaterale und pseudo-fiihler 'heteromorphose unter natvirlichen bed- ingungen. [97] 53: 1-10, ill. Lins de Almeida, J. — NYmv- eanx agents' de transmission de la Berne (Dermatobia hominis) ait Bresh. [77] 113: 1274-1275. Lutz, F. E.- Experiments with "Stingless Bees" (Trigona cressoni par- astigma) concerning their ability to distinguish ultraviolet patterns. [40] 641: 26pp., ill. Machulka, V. — Eine modi- fikation der t(")tung der insekten mit schwefeldioxyd. [Ent. Nachricht.] 7: 69-70. MacLagan, S. — The ecological sig- nificance of soil reaction (pH value) in relation to terres- trial animals. [Proc. Roy. Physical Soc., Edinburgh] 22 (3) : 107-122, ill. [The insect treated of is the Collembolan, Smynthurus viridis]. Malouf, N. S. R. — The skeletal motor mechanism of the thorax of the "Stink Bug," Nezara viri- dula. [Bull. Soc. R. Ent. Egypte] 1932: 161-203. ill. Mathic, M. M. — Utilisation des pontes et des larves de Culicides et de Chironomides dans 1'elevage des poissons. [P>ull. Soc. Nat. Acclim. France] 1933: 182-185, ill. Mehta, D. R.— 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 On the development of the male genitalia and the efferent genital ducts in Lepicloptera. [53] 76: 35-61, ill. Metcalf, M. E. — Notes on the structure and development of the female genital system in Dasyneura leguminicola (Diptera). [53] 76: 89-105,' ill. Nieschulz, O.— Ueber die bestimmung der vorzugstemperatur von insekten (besonders von fliegen und mucken). [34] 103: 21-29, ill. d'Orchymont, M. A- La respiration des Palpicornes aquatiques. [33] 73: 17-32. Robinson, W. — The use of blowfly larvae in the treatment of infected wounds. [7| 26: 270-276. Russell, E. S.- new theorv of animal colouration. [Sci. Progress, London] 28: 154-159. Schindler, P. — Ueber temperaturversuche in einer sauerstofratmosphare. [14] 47: 35-36, ill. Simanton, W. A. — Determination of the surface area of insects. [7] 26: 247-254, ill. Sumner, R. — Influence of gregarines on growth in the mealworm. [68] 78: 125. Suster, P. M-- Das Johnstonsche organ bei den larven holometaboler in- sekten. [34] 103: 63-65. Suter, P. — Untersuchungen iiber korperbau, entwicklungsgang und rassendifferenzierung der kommaschildlaus, Lepidosaphes ulmi. |41] 15: 347- 420, ill. Tarsia in Curia, I. — Nuove osservazioni snH'organo simbiotico di Calandra oryzae. [Arch. Zool. Italiano] 18: 247-263, ill. Thienemann & Mayer. — Chironomiden-Meta- morphosen. VI. Die metamorphosen zweier hochalpiner Chironomiden. [34] 103: 1-12, ill. Walker, E. M.— On the anatomy of Grylloblatta conipodeiformis. [7] 26: 309-344, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— *Bryant, E. B.- New and little known spielers from the United States. [Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.] 74: 171-193. ill. *Chamberlin, J. C.- Some false scorpions of the atemnid subfamily Miratem- ninae. (Chelonethida). [7] 26: 262-269. ill. *Davis, N. W. —A new Opilionid from Florida (Cyphophthalmi). [6] 41 : 49-52, ill. *Dunn, L. H. — Two new sps. of ticks from Panama. [Parasitology] 25: 353-358. ill. Ewing, H. E- Afielcl with the spiders. [Nat. Geog. Mag.] 64: 163-194, ill. :i:Gertsch, W. J. — New genera and species of North Amer- ican spiders. [40] 636: 28pp., ill. -*Gertsch, W. J.— Diag- noses of new American spiders. [40] 637: 14pp., ill. Mar- shall, R. — Preliminary list of the Hydracarina of Wiscon- sin. [Trans. Wisconsin Acacl. Sci. Arts & Let.| 28: 37-60, ill. Passmore. L. — California trapdoor spider performs en- gineering marvels. [Nat. Geog. Mag.] 64: 195-211, ill. Stormer, L. — Are the trilobites related to the arachnids? [16] 26: 147-157, ill. *Viets, K.— Neue Hydrachna-und xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217 Eylais-arten ( Hydruchnellae, Acari) aus Porto Alegre, Brasilien. [34j 103: 161-171, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS.— *Bird, R. D. — Somatochlora ozarkensis, a new species from Okla- homa (Odonata-Cordulinae). [Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan] 261: 1-7, ill. *Jordan, K. — Four new fleas collected by F. Spillmann in Ecuador. Two new South American bird-fleas. [71] 38: 343-348; 358-361, ill. Klein, B. M.— Beobachtungen an Odonaten. [97] 52: 709-715, ill. MacLagan, S. — (See Anatomy, Physiology, etc.) *Navas, L.— Insectos de la Argentina y Chile. [104] 5: 79-86, ill. :i:Navas, L. — Decadas de insectos nuevos. [Broteria] 29: 101-110, ill. (S). *Navas, Longino. — Neurotteri e Tricotteri del "Deutsches Entomologisches Institut" di Berlino-Dah- lem. [27] 65 (5): 105-113, ill. Needham, J. G.— A stonefly m:mph with paired lateral abdominal appendages: [13] 25: 17-18, ill. Schmidt, E. — Bibliographia Odonatologica. 1933: 114pp. Spieth, H. T. — The phylogeny of some may- fly genera. [6] 41 : 55-86. Traver, J. R. — Heptagenine may- flies of North America. [6] 41 : 105-125. *Wagner, J.- Aphanipteren-material aus der sammlung des Zoologischen Museum der Berliner Universitat. [Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Ber- lin] 18 (3) : 338-362, ill. *Werneck, F. L.— Nova especia do genero Gliricola ( Mallophaga : Gyropidae). [Mem. Tnst. Oswaldo Cruz] 27: 147-151, ill. (S). ^Williamson, E. B. and Gloyd, L. K. — A new Somatochlora from Florida (Odonata-Cordulinae). [Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan] 262: 1-7, ill. Williamson, E. B.— The status of Sympetrum assimilatum (Uhler) and S. decisum (Hagen). (Odonata-Libellulinae). [Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan] 264: 1-8, ill. ORTHOPTERA.— Beamer, R. H.— Collecting Gryllo- blatta campodeiformis var. occidentalis. [7] 26: 234-237. ill. Crampton, G. C. — The affinities of the archaic orthopteroid family Grylloblattidae, and its position in the general phylo- genetic scheme. [6] 41: 127-166. Faure, J. C.— The phases of the Rocky Mountain locust Melanoplus mexicanus. [12] 26: 706-718, ill. *Hebard, M.— Notes on Panamanian Der- maptera and Orthoptera. [1] 59: 103-144, ill. Kastner, A. -Die Hexacentrinae des Stettiner Museums. [60] 94 (1): 21-46, ill. (S). :!:Liebermann, J. — Dos nuevas es])ecies de Marellia. Marellia paranaensis y Marellia gemignauii. |104| 5: 109-116. ill. (S). Thomas, E. S.— Neoconocrphalus lyristi-s in the middle west ( Teltigoniidae). [7] 26: 303-3( )S. ill. Vayssiere, P. — La lutte centre les sauterelles; son or- 218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 ganisation internationale. Observations biologiques^ stir le criquet migratc-ur ct le criquet pelerin. [C. R. Acad. d'Agric. de France] XIX (22) : 801-810. HEMIPTERA. — Ancona, L. — Los jumiles de Cuautla. (Euchistus zopilotensis). [An. Inst. Biol., Mexico] 4: 103- 108, ill. *de Carlo, J. — Nuevas especies de Belostomidos. [104] 5: 121-126, ill. (S). *Gillette & Palmer.— New species of aphids from Colorado. [7] 26: 348-367, ill. Prebble, M. L. — The biology of Podisus serieventris in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. [Canadian Jour. Res.] 9: 1-30, ill. Rawit- scher, F. — Wohin stechen die pflanzenlause? [Zeitschrift fur Botanik, Jena] 26 (4) : 146-168, ill. LEPIDOPTERA. — *Breyer, A. --Castnia jorgenseni, nueva especie de la Republica Argentina. [104] 5: 207-208, ill. *Le Cerf, F. — Formes nouvelles de Lepidopteres Rho- paloceres. [Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris] 5: 212-214. (S). Comstock & Dammers. — Notes on the life histories of four California!! lepidopterous insects. [38] 32: 77-83, ill. Haller, M. S. — Luna, queen of the evening emergences. [Nature Mag.] 22: 71-73, ill. *Hayward, K. J.— Lepidop- teros Argentines. [104] 5: 149-188, ill. *Hayward, K. J.- Notas adicionales acerca de los Nymphalidae Argentines. [104] 5: 213-218, ill. Hering, M.— (See General). Hormu- zachi, C. — Desusiri asupra teoriilor despre evolutiunea Lepidopterelor europene. [Bui. Fac. Stiinte din Cernauti] 5: 271-283. McClure, H. E. — Unusual variation in the life cycle of the male of Aenoplex carpocapsae, codling moth parasite. [7] 26: 345-347. ilf. Ohara, K.— Studien iiber den feinbau der seide. [Scien. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res., Tokyo] 21 (431-434) : 104-127. ill. Orfila, R. N.— Estudios de Lepidopterologia Argentina. Catalogo sistematics de los Sphingidae. Adicion al catalogo de los Lepidopteros Argentines. [104] 5: 190-206, 209-212. Querci, O.— An account of my studies in the biology of Pieris rapae. [21] 45 : 65-70. Richards, A. G. — Morphology of the female re- productive system of Incurvaria russatefla. [6] 41 : 167-184, ill. Rocci, U. — La struttura e la variabilita delle armature maschili in alcuni gruppi specifici del gen. Melitaea (Nym- phal.). [Mem. Soc.^Ent. Italiana] 11: 123-161, ill. DIPTERA.— Alexander, C. P.— Undescribed species of Eriopterine crane-flies from the United States and Canada (Tipulidae). [6] 41: 91-100. *Bequaert, J. C.— (See under (iciieral). :i:Bequaert, J. — Notes on the Tabanidae described by the late C. P. Whitney. [Occ. Pap. Hoston Soc. Nat. Hist.] 8: 81-88. Copello", A.— Biologia de Hyperalonia xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219 morio (Bomb.) [104] 5: 117-120, ill. *Curran, C. H.— Two new Diptera from Guatemala. 1 40 1 643: 2pp. Davis, N. C. — Notes on some South American mosquitoes. [7] 26: 277-295, ill. Dowden, P. B. — Lydella nigripes and L. pin- iariae, fly parasites of certain tree-defoliating caterpillars. [47] 46: 963-995, ill. *Duda, O.— Die neotropischen Chlor- opiden. [Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol., Riga] 5: 41-47. *Felt, E. P. — A new enemy of the pineapple mealybug and a list of gall midge enemies of mealybugs. [6] 41 : 87-89. Fluke, C. L. — Revision of the Syrphus flies of America north of Mexico (Syrphidae, Syrphus). [Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts and Let.] 28: 63-124, ill. Mathur, R. N.— Notes on the bionomics of Odontomyia cyanea Brunetti (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). [Indian Journ. Agric. Science, Delhi] III (2) : 369-376, ill. *Painter, R. H.— Notes on some Bomby- liidae from Panama. [40] 642: 10pp.. ill. Patton, W. S- A revision of the genera of the tribe Muscini, subfamily Muscinae, based on a comparative study of the male ter- minalia. The genus Musca. [Ann. Trop. Med. & Paras., Liverpool] 27: 135-156, ill. Roberts, R. A.— Activity of blowflies and associated insects at various heights above the ground. [84] 14: 306-314. Rogers, J. S. — Contributions toward a knowledge of the natural history and immature stages of the craneflies. The Genus Polymera Weidemann. [Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan] 268: 1-13, ill. Roubaud, E. — Essai synthetique sur la vie du moustique commun ( Culex pipiens). [Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Paris] 16: 168pp., ill. Russell, P. F. — The value of an animal barrier in malaria control. [68] 78: 101-102. Williams, I. W.— The external morphology of the primitive Tanyderid dipteron Protoplasa fitchii with notes on the other Tanyderidae. [6] 41 : 1-34, ill. COLEOPTERA.— *Chamberlin, W. J.— A synopsis of the genus Polycesta Soliar with the description of one new species. (Huprestidae). [6] 41 : 37-46. ill. Coleman, A. P. -The Pleistocene of the Toronto region. [Ontario Dept. of Mines] 41st Ann. Kept. 41 (7): 1-55, ill. [Coleoptera pp. 20-21]. Corporaal, J. B.— Further notes on Cleridae. [101] 76: 115-118. Dallas, E. D. — Un acaro ectoparasito de Megadytrs glaucus ( Dityscidae ) . |104| 5: 127-128. :1:Denier, C. L. — Descripcion de una espccie nueva del genero Lytta. Descripcion del genero \\"agneria (Meloidi). [104[ 5: 87- 92, ill. (S). Essig, E. O. — Nomenclature of the vegetable weevil. [68| 77: f»()5-6()f,. *Gillet, J. J. E— Laim-llicornes Coprophages. (S). [33] 72: 323-332. Goldman, E. H.- 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 Comparisons of the mouth-parts of adult longhorn beetles with reference to their food (Cerambycidae). [1] 59: 85- 102, ill. *Hatch, M. H. — Studies on the Leptodiridae (Catopidae) with descriptions of new species. [6] 41: 187- 238, ill. *Horn, W. — Une race nouvelle d'une Tetracha d'Argentine. [104] 5: 103-104. Lassig, W.— Ein mahnruf an alle kafersammler. [14] 47: 45-46. Park, O. — Ecological study of the ptiliid myrmecocole, Limulodes paradoxus. [7] 26: 255-261, ill. Parker & Smith.— Additional notes on the strepsipteron Eoxenos laboulbenei. [7] 26: 217-233, ill. *Pic, M. — Sur divers Monommides de 1'Amerique Merid- ionale. [104] 5: 105-108. Poll, M.— Note sur la classification des Coleopteres. [33] 73: 57-67. ill. Roberts, R. A.— (See Diptera. Tarsia in Curia, I. — (See Anat. & Phys.). Travis, B. V. — Notes on the habits of June beetles in Iowa (Phyllo- phag-a). [Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci.] 7: 397-406. *Uhmann, E. — Drei neue siidamerikanische Hispinen. Beitrag zur kenntnis cler Hispinen (Chrys.). [Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol., Riga] 5: 77-81. *Voss, E. — Monographic der Rhynchitinen- Tribus Auletini. Ill Teil der Monographic der Rhynchi- tinae-Pteroeolinae. [60] 94 (1): 108-136. HYMENOPTERA.— Guthrie, C. C.— Swarming and mating of ants. [68] 77: 627. *Mickel, C. E. — A new name for Mutilla dimidiata, with a redescription of the type specimen. [7] 26: 377-380. Pearson, J. F. W. — Studies on the ecological relations of bees in the Chicago region. [Ecol. Monographs] 3 (3): 373-341, ill. Roberts, R. A.— (See Diptera). Schwarz, H. F. — Two Stelis (Odontostelis) and a Melipona Bee that have been recorded in error as An- thidiinae. [40] 650: 1-5. Wahl, O. — Von den biologischen bedeutung des zeitgedachtnisses der bienen. [Forschungen und Fortschritte, Berlin] 9(20/21): 308-309. HUGH SCOTT. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE IN- SECT FAUNA OF THE SEYCHELLES AND ADJACENT ISLANDS. Trans. Linnean Soc. London xix, Part 3. (March, 1933). pp. 308-391. — Many years ago it was recognized that the faunae of remote islands were of extraordinary interest to students of geographical distribution and evolution; and furthermore, that if collections were not made in the near future, many of the inhabitants of these islands would be lost for ever, having disappeared as a result of human occupation. The dodo, the history of which is familiar to every one, is but an example of the sort of thing which has happened or is happening on almost all islands possessing endemic species. Accordingly, a xllV, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221 Committee was appointed under the auspicies of the Royal Society of London, the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science and the Bishop Museum at Honolulu, to ex- plore and report on the Zoology of the Hawaiian Islands. The resulting publications, issued under the title 1-auna Htr^'ttiicusis, were recognized as representing a contribution to zoological science of the first magnitude, and a source of information and inspiration to all subsequent generations of zoologists. It was evident, however, that the Hawaiian group was in many re- spects unique and so far from settling the problems connected with insular faunae, strongly suggested the importance of in- vestigating other islands or groups of islands. It would be through comparisons of the various results thus attained that some of the most important and interesting generalizations could be made. Attention was directed to the Seychelles group in the Indian Ocean. The Zoology of these islands was briefly discussed by A. R. Wallace in Island Life (second edition, 1892, Chap, xix), and the conclusion reached that "we have the fragments of a very ancient island, which may perhaps never have been continental." The insect fauna was evidently very little known, and owing to the great number and variety of insects, it seemed that an entomological expedition was particularly desirable. Accordingly, with the aid of the Percy Sladen Trust, Dr. Hugh Scott and others visited the islands, and made a very careful investigation of the insects. Dr. Scott spent eight months, working hard ; and being already a skilled and experienced collector, he secured an immense amount of material. It was roughly estimated that there were fifty thou- sand specimens. This was a great achievement, but equally great was that of getting practically all the material worked up, by Dr. Scott himself in the groups of beetles with which he is especially familiar, and by numerous other specialists in other groups. In all, eighty-three reports were published, and the whole results are fairly to be compared with those given in the Fauna Ha-a-aiicusis. As an example of constructive, purpose- ful entomology, it would be hard to find anything better. Two hundred and thirty-three genera and 1423 species were described as new, these including a certain number from the Aldabra group, north of Madagascar. It is impossible in a brief space, to review all the conclusions derived from or suggested by these reports. Comparing the Seychelles group (about 160 square miles) with the Hawaiian Islands i about 7000 square miles) we find : Seychelles. 2090 species (1366 believed endemic) 1217 genera (215 believed endemic) 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 Hawaiian Islands. 3115 species (about 2726 regarded as endemic) 613 genera (178 endemic) Necessarily, these figures will be altered greatly as the result of future work, thus it is estimated that not more than about half the existing insect fauna of the Hawaiian Islands is known. Nevertheless, it is quite certain that the main statis- tical features will stand, and represent positive facts. How are we to interpret these facts? Probably we may classify insular faunae on the following basis : A. Very ancient islands, with a high percentage of endemic genera and species. 1. Oceanic islands, with comparatively few genera, and various important families wholly absent. Species often very numerous and closely allied. Example : Hawaiian Islands. 2. Islands with] old continental connections, hence very many genera, and fewer species per genus. Example : Seychelles, New Caledonia. Using this classification, a good argument can be made for the continental origin of the Madeira Islands.* B. Relatively recent islands, with a much smaller percentage of endemic forms, or sometimes hardly any. 1. Oceanic islands, with a small fauna, usually now consisting principally of species introduced by man. Examples hard to demonstrate, but doubtless can be found. 2. Islands with continental connections, and a fauna almost identical with that of the adjacent con- tinent. Examples : Tasmania, Ireland, Formosa. On some such basis we may perhaps determine rather exactly the past history of an island, and at the same time get some idea of the rate o, evolution of different forms of life. There are various modifying factors to lie taken into account. Thus, for example, Formosa is mountainous, and no doubt the fauna of its higher altitudes was largely differentiated before the separation from China occurred. Tasmania contains some dis- tinct animals, which are evidently relics of a time prior to its separation, but have died out in Australia. In some cases, * A new analysis of the Madeira fauna is perhaps called for. The extreme poverty of various groups (c. g., Buprestidae, Elateridae, Scara- baeidae) is very striking. Buprestidae are now extremely numerous and varied in North Africa. Madeira appears to have no native ants. For an argument against the continental origina of the Madeiras, see Nature, April 8, 1922, p. 446. xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS oceanic islands have been so completely overrun by rats or other pests, that' it is difficult to find the original inhabitants, most of them having been exterminated. Sometimes, as in the case of New Caledonia, there is reason to believe that there have been great changes of level, at one time increasing the land area, at another reducing it to a relatively small amount. As a consequence of this many species may have been exter- minated long ago. Dr. Scott remarks that there is no evidence that the Sey- chelles originated "before all the orders of living insects were differentiated." On the contrary, many modern genera were evidently already in existence, but we know from the fossils that many genera of insects are of enormous antiquity. The early continental connection was surely with Asia. The resem- blances to the Ethiopian fauna, such as they are, may be readily explained by the survival in Africa of various genera once also living in Asia. The wider distribution of many groups now exclusively African is well known to paleontologists. The total absence of several important groups (e.g., the sawflies) in the Seychelles is surprising, but does not indicate that they were not in existence when the islands were formed. The island-; are mountainous, with elevations up to nearly 3000 feet, but it is possible that the elevations at some former period were not so great. Also, no doubt, they have been greater, but presum- ably never comparable to those of the Hawaiian Islands. Nearly all the apparently endemic genera and species were found in the small areas, totalling about five square miles, where the ancient forest still survives. It is easy to imagine the losses io fauna and flora resulting from this restriction of the original forested area. We are indeed amazed that under such condi- tions Scott was able to discover such a large and varied insect fauna. This discussion does scant justice to Scott's paper, the study of which may be commended to every entomologist who is interested in the larger aspects of his science. T. D. A. COCKERELL. FIGHTING THE INSECTS: the Story of an Entomologist. By L. O. HOWARD. The Macmillan Company. 333 pages. 193\ $2.50. — This is Dr Howard's own story, told humorously, geni- ally and modestly, and is both romantic and dramatic. He tells of his boyhood in Ithaca, his days at Cornell University, his growing interest in insect life, his work, from 1878 to 1931, first as Assistant Entomologist and later as Chief of the Bureau of Entomology. lie writes in popular vein of his scientific 224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 work, avoiding all technicalities, and making the gipsy moth, the mosquito, and the silk worm equally delightful to read about. He tells lively stories of his travels in many lands and of a host of notable scientists and public men whom he has met. Dr. Howard says that an entomologist is still a queer fellow in the eyes of many, but he is really very much like other people. Very likely people might find the story of an entomologist— that is, an average typical entomologist — interesting ; but the particular entomologist who writes this, being perhaps more like the average man than is the average entomologist, has had the good luck to be thrown into positions in which he has been able to draw forcible attention to the insect problem, since he has in the course of the years taken part in many investigations that have been successful and have proved useful to all human- ity. So why should not his life be interesting? This book will be found interesting, not only to those who know Dr. Howard personally and to entomologists in general, but to others who find entertainment in reading of the lives of useful men ; and its moderate price brings it within the reach of all. [E. T. C. Jr.] MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY. A survey of insects and allied forms which affect the health of man and animals. By WILLIAM A. RILEY, University of Minnesota, and OSKAR A. JOHANNSEN, Cornell University. First edition McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York and London, 1932. Pp. xi, 476, 184 figs, and frontispiece, $4.50. MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY. By ROBERT MATIIESON, Cornell University. Springfield, Illinois & Baltimore, Maryland. Charles C. Thomas, 1932. Pp. xiii, 489, 211 figs, and double frontispiece. $5.00. It is not often that two different books under the same title by two members of the same faculty appear about the same time, but such is the case in the present instance. It is natural, on reading the names of the authors of the first volume, to recall their earlier work on this subject, reviewed in the NEWS for May, 1915, and to assume that their present work may be merely a slight revision of their previous text. This is far from being the case. They do indeed speak of it, in the pref- ace, as a revision, but at once explain that they have so recast the material as to arrange it in a systematic order. After a brief historical chapter and a second summarizing the ways in which Arthropods may affect the health of man and animals, the arrangement is strictly taxononic. We still think, as we did in 1915, that this is preferable to the ecological arrange- xliv, '33] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 225 ment adopted in their volume of that year. The sequence which they here follow is: Crustacea, Arachnida, Myriopoda, Insecta. An appendix deals with hydrocyanic gas fumigation against household insects. Prof. Matheson likewise begins with a chapter embracing a brief historical account and some generalities on insect-borne diseases and then follows a taxonomic arrangement whose sequence is Crustacea, Arachnida, Insecta. His nineteenth chap- ter, Poisonous and Urticating Arthropods, contains nearly all that he has to say on Myriopods, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, while certain Arachnida and mosquitoes find a place here also. The last chapter is on collecting, preserving, mounting, dissecting and rearing insects. The Orthoptera are practically omitted from the book. Matheson makes greater provision (32 pages, 25 figures) for those users of his book whose knowledge of insect structure in general is scanty than do Riley and Johannsen (16 pages, 4 figures). The latter authors employ only the Comstock-Need- ham nomenclature of wing-venation ; Matheson gives both this and also that which is widely used by writers on Diptera, as by Williston in his Manual. Both volumes contain numerous keys for identification of Arthopods ; those in Riley-Johannsen are in most cases fuller in characters employed and include a greater number of genera, families, or other taxonomic divisions. Thus, Matheson's 1 page key to Culicidae is for 1 1 genera, and the key to the species of Anopheles (pp. 237-238) embraces those of the Americas only. Riley-Johannsen give a two page key to 41 genera and 12 pages to keys for the species of Anopheles of the entire world, grouped by continents. Yet 36 species of Acdcs appear in Matheson's index to 5 in the other work. Both books give extensive, selected bibliographies ; Matheson places them at the end of each corresponding chapter ; Riley-Johann- sen has one comprehensive list at the end of the volume. P. P. CALVERT. HOUARD, C., (preface par E. L. BOUVIER). LES ZOOCECIDIES DES PLANTES DE I. \\MERTpUE DU Sl'D ET DE I/AMERIQUE Cl,.\ TRALE. 1-546 p. Map, 1027 fig., Hermann et Cie : Paris, 1Q33, Pr. 120 fr. — This general summary of the gall fauna of South and Central America is the first comprehensive tabulation we have had of this comparatively unknown and most interest ing fauna. The author, exceptionally well equipped through his preparation of five similar volumes on the galls of the Mediter- ranean region, Asia, Africa and Oceania, has followed the same general plan in this work. It is a descriptive, admirably illus- trated list of plant galls, arranged in a botanical sequence. There 226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '33 are 1,341 deformities described from 98 plant families. The general discussion of the galls as a whole and of those of each of the families add greatly to the value of the work. The descriptions of the individual galls are accompanied by citations, making it comparatively easy, in connection with the extensive bibliography, to ascertain further details in regard to any species or group. The tabulated matter respecting the gall makers and their hosts greatly aids a comprehensive view of the whole. The fact that but 229 species are definitely associated with the deformities they produce indicate there is much to be learned in regard to this fauna with its known 1,341 galls, the latter by no means representing the whole number. The gall midges are responsible for over 50% of the deformities produced by identified species and this ratio is not far from that of the gall faunae of Dutch East Indies, the Mediterranean region, North America and Central Europe as indicated by earlier published works. The 20 psyllid galls make a relatively poor showing compared with the 145 recorded from the Dutch East Indies and the 19 deformations produced by gall mites are a mere drop in the bucket compared to the 355 recorded from the Dutch East Indies and 263, 162 and 196 listed respectively from the Mediterranean region. North America and Central Europe. The other identified gall makers are represented by even fewer species. A comparison between the gall makers and their host prefer- ences also shows interesting conditions. The 164 galls in the Composites compare favorably with the 181 and 182 recorded in earlier lists from Asia and North America, through decidedly low for the 660 listed from the Mediterranean region. The 48 galls of the Spurge family are low for the 129 listed from Asia and also from the Dutch East Indies, though they compare favorably with the 43 from the Mediterranean region. The 39 galls listed from the Madder family are small compared with the 91, 71 and 160 recorded from Asia, Dutch East Indies and the Mediterranean area respectively. There is a closer ap- proximation in the fauna of the Laurel family, 36 galls being recorded in this work and 53 and 48 from Asia and the Dutch East Indies respectively. The 16 galls in the Beech family and the 14 in the Rose family present marked contrasts to conditions recorded for these groups in Asia, the Mediter- ranean region and North America respectively. The author is to be congratulated upon the preparation of such a satisfactory volume which cannot prove otherwise than an invaluable guide to all future students of plant deformities in that section of the world. E. P. FELT. EXCHANOES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Will Buy Agromyzidae from North, South, Central America and the West Indies. Special prices for reared material with host records and pressed specimens of mines. S. W. Frost, Arendtsville, Penn- sylvania. Wanted— Hypenids and other quadrifid Noctuids from all parts of North America by exchange or purchase. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., Dept. Biology, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Wanted — Names and addresses of those desiring insects from Wisconsin. Will collect in all orders from May to October. Corres- pondence invited. George Kettler, Plattevilfe, Wis. 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GERTRUDE NELSON, Briston, Nebraska Indian Butterflies in papers including about 20 different Papilios, showy Delias, Charaxes, etc. , $5.00 per 100 (50 species) . Several thousand Morphos from French Guiana, etc., at cheap rates. British Lepi- doptera, 1500 species ; British Coleoptera, 2000 species, cheap named collec- tions. British Diurnals, in papers, 100 specimens (50 species) named=$3.00, mailed free. Many important books on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Lists from A. FORD 42. IRVING ROAD. BOURNEMOUTH. ENGLAND Ward's Entomological Services Entomological Supplies and Equipment Carefully designed by professional entomologists. Ma- terial of high quality at low prices. Send for Catalogue No. 348. Insect Preparations Life Histories, Type Collections, Collections of Econo- mic Insects and Biological Insect Collections. All specimens are accurately determined. Send for Catalogue No. j6o. 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SHERMAN, JR. 132 PRIMROSE AVENUE MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK RECENT LITERATURE FOB SALE BT THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. COLEOPTERA 963.— Blaisdell (F. E.).— Studies in the Tenebrionid tribe Scau- rini: a monographic revision of the Eulabes. (Trans., 58, 35-101, 6 pis. 1932: . . 1.50 DIPTERA. 965.— Painter (R. H.). — A monographic study of the genus Geron Meigen as it occurs in the United States (Bom- byliidae). (Trans., 58, 139-167, 2 pis., 1932) 60 ORTHOPTERA. 964. — Rehn, (J. A. G.). — New or little known Neotropical Blattidae, No. 3. (Trans., 58, 103-137, 2 pis., 1932) 75 968. — Rehn (J. A. G.). — Some Dermaptera from Angola, North- ern Rhodesia and Belgian Congo, with the description of a new species of Karschiella. (Trans., 59, 1-10, ill., 1933) 20 967. — Hebard (Morgan). — New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. (Trans., 58, 201-371, 5 pis., 1932) 3.50 970. — Hebard (Morgan). — Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Columbia. Supplement to papers 1-5. (Trans., 59, 13-67, 2 pis., 1933) 1.15 LEPIDOPTERA 966. — Bell (E. L.). — Studies in the genus Phocides with descrip- tions of new species (Hesperiidae). (Trans., 58, 169- 199, S pis., 1932) 75 969. — Williams (R. C, Jr.). — A new Hesperid from Mexico. (Trans., 59, 11-12, 1 pi., 1933) 20 971. — Williams and Bell. — Studies in the American Hespero- idea. Paper I. (Trans., 59, 69-84, 1 pi., 1933) 35 GENERAL 3201.— Dietz (W.G.).— Obituary by Marjorie Dietz Bachelor. Bibliography by E. T. Cresson, Jr. (Ent. News, 43, 279-282, 1932) 20 SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR 1934 NOW PAYABLE Detachable Subscription Blank in this Number ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS NOVEMBER, 1933 Vol. XLIV No. 9 f v' NOV 10 1933 CHARLES WILLISON JOHNSON 1863-1932. CONTENTS Crosby and Bishop — Two New Species of Eperigone (AraneaeJ. . . . 227 Cresson — A New Genus and Species of the Dipterous Family Ephydri- dae Reared from Duck Weed 229 Hebard— Orthoptera to be found in Winter and Spring in and near Tucson, Arizona 231 McAtee— Hawks Eating Dragonflies (Odonata) Fernald — Did this Wasp Reason ? (Hym., Sphecinae) . . . 236 Dr. Marlatt Retires as Entomology Chief in U. S. Department of Agri- culture 238 Forbes — Species and Less, an open Letter (Lepid. : Rhopalocera). Aubertin — Priority in Diptera Collecting Insects in the Canadian Rockies 245 Entomological Literature 246 Review— Janse's The Moths of South Africa 253 PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing: at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Sectic Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., R. G. Sthmieder,Ph.D., Associate Editors. Advisory Committee: Philip Laurent, J. A. G. Rehn, Chas. Liebeck, J. Chester Bradley, Ph.D., Frank Morton Jones, John C. Lutz, Max Kisliuk, Jr, Wm. W. Chapman. The subscription price per year of ten (10) numbers is as follows: United States and possessions, - Central and South America $3.00 Canada . 3.15 Foreign 3.25 Single copies 35 cents. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. One issue, 1 in., $ 1.20, 2 in., $ 2.40, half page, $ 4.00, full page, $ 7.00 Ten issues " 11.00, 20.00, 35.00, 60.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS. All remittances and communications regarding sub- scriptions, non-receipt of the NEWS or of reprints, and requests for sample copies, should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 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Blocks furnished or paid for by authors will, of course, be returned to authors, after publication, if desired. Stated Meetings of The American Entomological Society will be held at 7.30 o'clock P. M., on the fourth Thursday of each month, excepting June, July, August, November and December, and on the third Thursday of November and December. Communications on observations made in the course of your studies arc solicited ; also exhibits of any specimens you consider of interest. The printer of the "News" will furnish reprints of articles without covers over and above the twenty-five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents: three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies, $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents: greater n--'ihers of conies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. Printed covers f> :0 copies. $4.00 or more, according to number of pages bonnd. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XL1V. Plate VII. f •- a ..d EPERIGONE AUGUSTAE 1-4, E. AUGUSTALIS 5-7 CROSBY AND BISHOP. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XLIV. NOVEMBER, 1933 No. 9 Two New Species of Eperigone (Araneae). By C. R. CROSBY and SHERMAN C. BISHOP. (Plate VII) Since our revision of Eperigone in 1928 (X. Y. State Mu- seum Bui. 278) the following two new species have come to hand. Eperigone augustae n. sp. (Plate VII, figs. 1-4). $. Length, 1.1 mm. Cephalothorax grayish yellow, with distinct radiating lines and margin darker ; a distinct dark spot in front of dorsal furrow connected with the posterior lateral eye by curved dark lines ; viewed from above evenly rounded on the sides, slightly convergent towards the front, broadly rounded in front ; viewed from the side, steeply ascending be- hind, a slight depression at the cervical groove, then gently rounded over to the posterior eyes. Clypeus almost straight and slightly protruding. Posterior eyes in a straight line, equal, the median separated bv two-thirds the diameter and from the lateral bv the radius. Anterior eyes in a straight line, the median smaller than the lateral, all separated by the radius. No tooth on face of chelicera. Sternum dark greenish with scattered minute vel- low spots, broad, rounded on the sides, produced in a truncate point between the hind coxae which are separated bv the dia- meter. Labium grayish. Endites banded with gray. Legs dusky yellowish. Palpus grav over yellow with minute light dots. Abdomen dark greenish gray with a few minute, light spots. Femur of palpus normal and gently curved. Patella short a"d slightly arched above. Ratio of length of femur to that of patella as 0 to 3. Tibia longer than patella, moderately widened distallv. the dorsal margin thin and depressed, the edee gently sinuate, the lateral angle produced into a short blunt tooth. Laterally from this tooth there is a smooth, semi- circular excavation. Paracymbium broad at base, very strongly curved and hooked at tin Bezel high and pointed. The em- bolic division is a modification of the Eperigone type, the scapium is widened and broadly rounded on the mesal side of 227 228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '33 the bulb, the posterior tooth (a) is developed into a very long, slender, gently curved and pointed process, the mesal tooth (d) well developed, lying close to the place usually occupied by the anterior tooth which in this species seems to be lacking. The duct opens through a short slender process ( f ) lying in the concavity of the scapium. 5 . Length 1.1 mm. Similar to male. The epigynum of the same general form as in aitf/nsfalis but the posterior margin is convex in the middle ; the receptacles are twice their diameter apart. Holotypc, male, East Aurora, NEW YORK, May 13, 1926; allotypc, female, Enfield Glen, New York, May 22, 1932. New York: Yoorheesville. June 19, 1923, \$ (Augusta Wolf). East Aurora, May 13, 1926, 2 $ (Henry Dietrich). Enfield Glen, May 22, 1932, U 1 9 . Eperigone augustalis n. sp. (Plate VII, figs. 5-7). $ . Length 1 mm. Cephalothorax dusky over dull yellow, darker along the radiating lines, at the margin and in a patch in front of the cervical groove; viewed from above, broakllv rounded on the sides, slightly crenulate, a slight constriction n^ the cervical groove, broadly rounded across the front ; viewed from the side rather steeply ascending behind the cervical groove, then nearly level to the hend which is gently rounded over the top to the posterior median eyes. Clypeus nearly straight and verv slightly protruding. Sternum dark greenish- gray with small light vellow flecks. Endites dull yellow at base, darker distally. Legs dull yellow. Abdomen dark gray. Posterior eyes in a straight line, equal, equidistant, separated bv two-thirds the diameter. Anterior eyes in a straight line, the median smaller than the lateral, all separated by the radius of the median. Femur of palpus normal, slightly curved. Patella short. Ratio of length of femur to that of patella as 16 to 5. Tibia has the dorso-lateral surface deeply excavated toward the tip and the integument thin ,-ind semi-transparent. It is armed dorso-laterally with a stiff, slightly curved, rather narrow process. Paracymbium broad at base, strongly curved and slightly hooked at tip. The embolic division of the bulb is very similar to that of