£>H ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME LVI, 1945 PHILIP P. CALVERT, EDITOR EMERITUS EDITORIAL STAFF E. T. CRESSON, JR. E. F. J. MARX J. A. G. REHN A. G. RICHARDS, JR. R. G. SCHMIEDER PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. 1945 The numbers of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1945 were mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows : No. 1 — January February 16, 1945 No. 2— February March 14, 1945 No. 3— March April 27, 1945 No. 4— April May 25, 1945 No. 5— May June 18, 1945 No. 6— June July 23, 1945 No. 7— July August 21, 1945 No. 8— October October 19, 1945 No. 9 — November December 14, 1945 The date of mailing the December, 1945, number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January, 1946. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY 1945 % Vol. LVI No. 1 DIV. IKS. CONTENTS .- Williams — Directional sound waves of Oecanthus or A violinist listens to an insect ............ Freeman — Notes on North American Hesperiidae ....................... 4 Williams — Ants killing Japanese Beetle larva . . . Newman — Midwinter collecting of Lepidoptera in Michigan . . . Gates — Notes on fleas in Nebraska ........................ Emerson — Taxonomic categories and population genetics . . . Obituary — Harrison Carman .................. Personal — Orazio Querci ...................... Entomological Literature .............................................. PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3. IS Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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But possession of a trained musical ear has led to an interesting discovery regard- ing the abilities of what I first considered as a quite ordinary cricket-like wing singer. And hence a violin teacher finds him- self writing along a line about which he knows comparatively little, except for the discovery itself. The reader will therefore bear with a lack of scientific terminology, and I must also ask that my frequent use of the first person be pardoned. Some fifteen years ago, while living in Pacific Palisades (a section of Los Angeles just north of my present home city of Santa Monica), I took frequent walks over the vacant lots of the then sparsely settled district. These walks were taken in the evenings and thus led to my becoming interested in the songs of various insects. It was found that one could approach these little creatures quite closely, if care was taken not to snap twigs or otherwise set up vibrations which they could perceive, and it was further noted that they did not object to the brilliant beam of a three cell focusing-model flashlight. Thus ground crickets were observed, together with grasshoppers and so forth. But one type of insect in particular drew my attention because of its high pitched continuous song which seemed to vary constantly (1) 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '45 in volume as I moved about the bushes whereon they were perched. During the summer nights these insects sang with might and main, holding their wings straight up or even slightly forward of the vertical. The bright light did not bother them in the least which permitted close examination of very many of them. As time went on the fact of the marked change in tonal in- tensity began to impress itself upon my attention, which led to my trying to find out what the cause of this might be. No ap- parent change seemed present in the wing motion, yet the tone volume increased and decreased constantly as I moved about watching any particular insect. Fortunately I did not credit these changes to the interference caused by stems or leaves of the bushes, particularly since they were in a kind of milk-weed with comparatively light foliage and rather delicate structure. It occurred to me, one evening, to focus my light upon a cer- tain insect while it was singing loudly but not moving on its perch, and then walk slowly about the bush and note what effect my motions would have on the tone volume. As I moved the tone became gradually less and less until it was al- most inaudible, and then it began to increase until it reached its former volume, which was followed by another drop in loud- ness, and then a return to clear strong tone as I completed my circuit of the bush. I had taken great care to see that the insect had not moved the position of its body, and hence I felt sure that something connected with my own motions had brought about the marked change in tonal power of this wing singer. It was then only a matter of minutes before I found that if I stood either directly behind or before the line of the insect's body the tone would be loud and clear, but if I moved to either side it became less until it reached the least audible point in a line parallel with the plane of vibration of the wings. This effect I tested again and again with these insects, always finding the re- sults the same. Supposing that this fact of the peculiar ability of the little green cricket to send out highly directional sound waves perpen- dicular to the plane of its wings was well known to entomolo- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 gists, I did nothing about the discovery for a number of years. But as the years continued to come and go it became apparent to me, particularly in reading the articles on insects published in the National Geographic Magazine, that no mention was made of this special sound effect. Then, after still more years had passed, I presented the matter to the National Geographic with a request that they place it in the hands of some one who would be in a position to check the data in order that the discovery, if such it actually was, might not go unrecorded. The magazine replied that it was forwarding my letter to Dr. Edward A. Chapin, Curator of the Division of Insects of the U. S. National Museum, and he wrote to me that he had not read any material wherein such a sound effect was discussed. He said that he wished to send my letter to Mr. James A. G. Rehn, Curator of the Department of Insects of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and asked that I try to obtain a specimen of the insect in question and if possible repeat some of my observa- tions of it. Inspired by this request I went at once to the West Los Angeles Police Department! This appearing to be a quite necessary precaution for one preparing to become an admitted prowler after dark close to a section of the Pacific coast during war time. The Police read my letter from Dr. Chapin with much interest, and advised me to carry it with me, saying that if I did not try to run away I would probably not be shot, al- though they would have to send a patrol car for me if a call came in about my doings. Thus officially registered as an un- official agent of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C., I drove over to Pacific Palisades and managed to locate some of the insects desired. It proved an easy matter to cap- ture two of them, in spite of my rather unorthodox equipment consisting of a kitchen glass and a bit of cardboard, for both of the creatures elected to sit tight instead of hopping away as they can so easily do. I was able to re-check most carefully my observations of the sound wave — using it, in fact, to locate the insects since one needs only to find the point of greatest in- tensity and the singer will be seen in a light beam directed 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 the sound wave line. The marked variation in tonal intensity was even more pronounced than I had previously considered it to be, for moving my ear a very few inches from the point of greatest loudness brought a noticeable drop in volume. I was, of course, most pleased to have all the data, including the specimens, sent to Mr. Rehn for his consideration, and I wish to express my sincere appreciation of the most careful study he has given the matter. This article is written at his re- quest, and I trust that he will add to it his findings concerning the insect under discussion. It is indeed a pleasure to me to feel that Oecanthus nigri- cornis argentinus — a name which I shall always spell in under- lined form with due reverence for its immensity in the ears of the layman — is to receive recognition as possibly the first crea- ture to send out highly directional sound waves, even as the spider has long since established its reputation as the first aviator. Notes on Some North American Hesperiidae, with Two New Records for the United States (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) By H. A. FREEMAN, Pharr, Texas Urbanns eurycles (Latreille) Henry Skinner recorded this species for the United States in 1901, 1 and since that time no authentic records have been made. Some doubt has existed as to the correct determination of Skinners' record, however this can now be put aside as eurycles is well established in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Mr. T. M. Dunkle, Saratoga, California, sent the writer a $ specimen collected at Brownsville, Texas, July, 1943. The writer collected 6 J1^, V-26-44, at Brownsville and 1 5 at Pharr, Hidalgo County, Texas, VI 1 1-24-44. A number of other specimens were observed at Brownsville during May, fly- ing in company with simplicius (Stoll). Eurycles, however prefers the shade, whereas simplicius flies in the bright sunshine. i Ent. News, XII, 171, 1901. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 Astraptes julgerator (Walsh) W. D. Field recorded the capture of a specimen of this species at Donna, Texas.2 The writer caught two rftf at Brownsville, Texas, one V-26-44 and another VIII-29-44. While looking over a collection of Lepidoptera made by Mrs. E. J. Kelso, a number of both sexes of this species were found, all having been caught in her yard at Pharr, Texas. Apparently this species is established in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas as a number of the specimens observed were fresh. Astraptes anaphus (Cramer) The writer caught a fresh, $ anaphus at Pharr, Texas, IX- 9-44. As far as the writer knows this is the first record of this species having been caught in the United States. Although this species is said to be common in Mexico the writer caught only one J1 during two summers of collecting from Nuevo Laredo to Acapulco, so apparently it is rather local in its habits. Lerodea tyrtaeus (Ploetz) Since recording the capture of a 5 tyrtaeus at West Colum- bia, Texas,3 the writer has collected seven more specimens of this species, two J'J1 at Brownsville, Texas, V-25-44 and two $$, VIII-29-44; one <$ and one $ at Pharr, Texas, IX-10-44 and another 5, IX-17-44. This species has become established in Texas as five of the specimens taken were freshly emerged. This species prefers to fly in the shade of the tropical under- growth so abundant along the lower Rio Grande River. Perichares phocion dolor es (Reakirt) Mrs. E. J. Kelso caught a fresh, £ specimen of this species in her yard at Pharr, Hidalgo County, Texas, during Novem- ber, 1940. As far as the writer can ascertain this is the first record of this species or any of its races having been collected in the United States. Apparently this specimen strayed across the border from Mexico, where it is more common. - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Vol. 13, April 1940; No. 2. s Field & Laboratory, Vol. IX, May, 1941, No. 2. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 An Observation of Ants Killing a Larva of the Japanese Beetle By JOSEPH L. WILLIAMS, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania At Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania, a nest of ground ants was disturbed while hoeing in the garden during the latter part of May. A short period was spent ob- serving the workers frantically carrying their larvae and pupae to a place of safety. Shortly afterwards hoeing was resumed. A short distance from the ants a Japanese beetle larva was un- earthed without injury. In a few minutes several ants began attacking the beetle larva about its head. Later other ants were attracted to this struggle, until finally the body of the larva was almost covered with ants. This fight, however, did not cause all of the ants to stop and join in the attack, for hundreds of them were still busy carrying off their larvae and pupae to a place of safety. The larva did not take this attack quietly. It fought back grimly with great vigor. Many ants were killed by its power- ful mandibles. The ants, however, kept on coming. They at- tacked most severely around the larva's head. Two other groups were attacking it on the thorax and at its extreme posterior end. The larva, now being attacked from all sides, gave up fighting and tried to escape by burrowing into the soil. The ants pre- vented the larva from burrowing by crowding in and inflicting such severe pain that it was forced to fight for its life. The beetle larva finally lost its balance and fell over on its back. It tried desperately to right its body. The ants pre- vented this by some piling small particles of dirt around the body. These particles formed a groove throughout the length of the larva's body. During this operation the other ants con- tinued biting the larva. Having the larva badly injured, the ants crowded in for the kill. The larva became so weak that it was unable to fight the ants. Movement of the beetle's body became weak and spas- modic, and finally ceased. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 This struggle began at 1 1 :45 A.M. and the larva was com- pletely paralyzed or dead by 1 :20 P.M. After the fight ended the ants began covering the larva's body with fine soil. This operation was observed until the body was half covered with soil. At this point the larva and specimens of the ants were collected and sent to the United States Museum for identifica- tion. The larva was confirmed as that of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newn.). The ants were identified as Tetra- morium caespitum L. The author is grateful to the officials of the Museum for this kindness. An examination of the larva under the dissecting microscope revealed deep wounds just behind the head and on the thorax just above the legs. The femoral part of each leg on the right side had deep cavities eaten into it. The exoskeleton did not appear broken over the remainder of the body. Midwinter Collecting of Lepidoptera in Michigan JOHN H. NEWMAN, Detroit, Michigan A strip of woods which extends for about two miles, from a short distance north of the town of Utica, Macomb County, Michigan (about twelve miles north of the city limits of De- troit) has yielded interesting and rare specimens of many kinds of insects. Owing to the proximity of the locality to the writer's home he has been able to collect moths there in every month of the year and presents the following notes on captures in January, February and early March in the hope that they might add in a small way to our knowledge of the habits and distribution of these moths and that they might interest other collectors. No- vember and December captures are much more plentiful and the author has numerous species collected in these months which complete recorded captures for each month of the year. It has been my experience when seeking off-season or mid- winter specimens one must, it seems, forget the calendar and pay more attention to the thermometer. The locality, known 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 to old residents as the Devil's Hole, is a mixed hardwoods com- posed chiefly of oak, hickory, maple and elm with rather heavy concentrations of poplar and some basswood. The ground vegetation is luxuriant owing to the low humid situation. Hy- grometer readings have always been at least 58%. The first attempt at winter collecting was on March 7, 1942, when the temperature rose to 54 degrees. In one and one-half hours collecting the following specimens were taken, at bait 1, Grapto- litha antennata; 4, Conistra morrisoni; at light 38, Homoglaea hircina. The latter were interesting as no more than 3 or 4 had been taken in Michigan previously. The second opportunity was offered on February 22, 1943, when the temperature rose to 57 degrees. That evening in the company of Mr. Sherman Moore the sugaring technique of more normal collecting nights was tried, but in vain. However on draping a light sheet over a bush 4 specimens of Homoglaea hircina were secured, although by this time the temperature had receded to 30 degrees and the ground and grass tufts crackled with ice crystals underfoot. One specimen of Conistra mor- risoni was also taken off a small sapling apparently feeding on a moist exudate. We collected a little more than an hour. The following night, February 23, 1943, was warmer; in the woods at 9:00 p.m. the temperature was 46 degrees, the hu- midity 60%, and in sharp contrast to the preceding night the sugar-beer bait was alive with moths, most trees attracting 18 to 24 specimens. By nine o'clock I had collected 63 examples and could easily have taken at least 150, although additional material would have been repetition. I collected about one and one-half hours until a steady rain began soon after nine o'clock. The evening's catch was determined as follows. At bait: 24, Conistra morrisoni; 26, Conistra sidus; 1, Graptolitha bcthunei; 2, Graptolitha laticinera; 2, Graptolitha antennata. At light : 7, Homoglaea hircina; 1, Xylena curvimacula. The next day the temperature dropped to 34 and during the night it registered 12 degrees. On January 25, 1944, the temperature rose to 61 degrees, a record of at least 71 years. Since the weather had been mild Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for some days previous I considered it a good time to see what could be collected in January. At 6:50 p.m. the first moth was taken at bait and at 8 o'clock after having taken 12 specimens the show seemed to be over, for the last two trips along the bait- line yielded nothing at all. The material collected was: 4, Conistra morrisoni; 5, Conistra sidus; 1, Conistra indirecta; 1, Pyrejcrra graefiana; 1, Peronia ferritgana. All were in excel- lent condition, fresh in color and wing fringes unimpaired. The following day, January 26, 1944, gave another temperature rec- ord, 64 degrees. I set my bait rather early and by 7 :50 p.m., when things called a halt rather suddenly I had taken another 13 specimens. A light-sheet draped over a bush yielded nothing, Homoglaea hircina being conspicuous by its absence. The material collected was as follows. 4, Conistra indirecta; 5, Conistra morrisoni; 2, Pyrejcrra graefiana; 1, Agnopteryx nigrinotella; 1, Agnopteryx pulvipennclla. The collections may be tabulated as follows. Phalaenidae Cuculli'mae : Conistra indirecta Wlk.— 1, Jan. 25 and 4, Jan. 26, 1944. C. morrisoni Grt.— 4, Mar. 7, 1942; 1, Feb. 22 and 24, Feb. 23. C. sidus Gn.— 26, Feb. 23, 1943 ; 5, Jan. 26, 1944. Pyreferra graefiana Grt. — 1, Jan. 25, and 2, Jan. 26, 1944. Graptolitha antennata Wlk.— 1, Mar. 7, 1942; 2, Feb. 23, 1943. G. bethunei G. and R .— 1, Feb. 23, 1943. G. laticincra Grt. — 2, Feb. 23, 1943. Homoglaea hircina Morr. — 38, Mar. 7, 1942 ; 4, Feb. 22 and 7, Feb. 23, 1943. Xylena curvimacula Morr. — 1, Feb. 23, 1943. Occophoridae (det. Sherman Moore) : Agnopteryx nigrinotella Busck — 1, Jan. 26, 1944. A. pulvipennclla Clem.— 1, Jan. 26, 1944. Tortricidae (det. Sherman Moore) : Peronea ferrugana Schiff. — 1, Jan. 25, 1944. 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 Notes on Fleas (Siphonaptera) in Nebraska * t By DORIS B. GATES, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station In view of the fact that increased attention is being given various parasites, particularly their connection with diseases (endemic and introduced) it seems desirable to publish a list of the Nebraska fleas now in the collection maintained by the University of Nebraska Department of Entomology. Since relatively little work has been done on ectoparasites in Ne- braska, this list may be only a small percentage of the species present in the state. Towns are Nebraska towns; names of collectors are in parentheses. Ccdiopsylla (Accdiopsylla) inaequalis inaequalis (Baker) 1895. On Sylvilagus auditboni baileyi (Merriam), Harrisburg, May 7, 1942 (3??, 2 &?) (H. J. Hartley). On Cynomys liidovicianus liidovicianus (Ord), Crawford, June, 1944 (5) (H. J. Hartley). On Lepus townsendii campanius Hollister, Crawford, June, 1944 () (D. Gates). In house, Deweese, June 26, 1943 (?, J1) (Mary Homolka) ; Lincoln, June 26, 1942 (6$$, 16 JcO (H. D. Tate) . In basement of house, Beatrice, Aug. 7. 1943 (8 $$) (Coll. ?). In house, Lincoln, June 11, 1944 (18$?, 3dV) (D- Gates); June 15, 1944 (8??) (D. B. Whelan). On dog, Lincoln, June 23, 1944 (?) (D. Gates); Geneva, June 28, 1944 (2 ??, 1 cf) (H.D. Tate). On Geomys lutcsccns (Merriam), Craw- ford, Sept. 26, 1943 (2 ??, 1 ^) (H. J. Martley). On pocket gopher, Lincoln, Oct. 22, 1931 (3$?, 1 ^) (Coll. ?). Hoplopsyllus (Euhoplopsyllus} affinis (Baker) 1904. On rabbit, Roca, Oct. 31, 1915 (?) (G. H. Kohls). On Sylvilagits floridaniis mcarnsi (Allen), Lincoln, March 27, 1944 (5?$. 1 J>) ; April 25, 1944 (2?$, 2^) ; Union, May 7, 1944 (?) (D. Gates). On Lcpus tou'iiseiidii caiiipanins Hollister, Hunt- ley, August 8, 1944 (1 ?, 2J^) (D. Gates). Reported from Nebraska by Jellison (1940). 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 Nearctopsylla genalis genalis (Baker) 1904. On Scalopus aquaticus machrinoides Jackson, Louisville, Dec. 2, 1943 (2 $$, 2 &?) (D. Gates). Nosopsylla jasciatus (Bosc) 1801. Questionably recorded on rat by Swingle (1911). Orchopeas howardii (Baker) 1895. On fox squirrel, Lin- coln, Jan. 19, 1901 (3 $$) (M. A. Carriker, Jr.) ; Dec. 1, 1890 (3 $$, 1 « oT 3 3^'u cu cu - _Q en en • "7- 03 o3 _ J.lzl •*-" +•• N rt oj C ZZ § fe . . 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O • OO O^ O I — — <^l r^ CN tN CM 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 LITERATURE CITED 1. SCHAUS, W., 1911. A New Papilio from Florida. Ent. News, 22: 438. 2. ESPER, 1794. Papilio aristodemus. Mag. Ne. Ausl. Ins., p. 8. 3. GODART, M., 1819. Papilio temenes. Encyclopedic Methodique, 6: 63. 4. BARNES, W. and McDuNNOUGH, J. H., 1917. Check list of Lepi- doptera of Boreal America, p. 1, No. 12. 5. BARNES, W. and BENJAMIN, F. H., 1926. Check List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of Boreal America. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 25 : 5. 6. HOLLAND, W. J., 1930. Papilio ponceana. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 19: 191. 7. HOLLAND, W. J., 1931. Papilio ponceanus. The Butterfly Book, 2nd Ed., p. 318, PI. 70, Fig. 10. 8. BATES, M., 1934. Papilio ponceana. Ent. News, 45 : 167. 9. McDuNNOUGH, J. H., 1938. Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part I, p. 5, No. 14 (Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci.). 10. GRIMSHAWE, MRS. F. M., 1940. Place of Sorrow. Nature Mag., 33: 565. The Feeding Habits of Uranotaenia lowii Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) CHARLES L. REMINGTON,1 Medical Department, Army of the United States The host preferences of mosquitoes important to man as car- riers of pathogenic organisms have long been investigated. However, several large genera and parts of others are not known to include disease vectors, and little dependable informa- tion on these mosquitoes exists. Instead, many casual notes have appeared, containing presumed or suspected facts. The genus Uranotaenia L.-Arr. stands out among the neglected groups, and the present paper deals with a species of that genus. 1 1 am grateful to Mr. M. Graham Netting of the Carnegie Museum for identification of the amphibians mentioned in this paper ; to Mr. Robert Alrutz for obtaining these determinations from Mr. Netting and for rec- ords of U. louni biting in the field; and to my many entomological as- sociates for helpful suggestions during the preparation of the manuscript. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Over twenty species of Uranotaenia are known from British India, and yet the knowledge of their bionomics was summar- ized by Barraud (1934) thus: "Little is known of the habits of the adults; they do not appear to attack man to any extent.' Edwards (1941) in his classic study of African culicines dis- cusses 25 species and 5 varieties of Uranotaenia. He states: "Little is known of the habits of adult members of this genus. None of the African species has been observed to suck blood ..." A clue to the feeding habits of one species is found by Davis and Philip (1931). In Africa precipitin tests were made with 66 U. anniilata Theob. with antihuman and anti-chicken sera. All were negative for human blood, and 7 were positive for chicken blood. These writers state that : "The Uranotaenia were poorly blooded on the whole ; the samples were small and considerably altered in most cases." This host indication for U. annulata awaits confirmation by observations. Uranotaenia sapphirina (O.-S.) and U. lowii Theob. are the representatives of the genus in the eastern half of the United States. In correspondence, Mr. G. H. Bradley has informed me : "I have observed both of these species to alight on man and move around as if preparing to bite, however, no piercing of the skin ever was noted and it appeared as if they were merely lapping up perspiration." Rozeboom (1942) writes: "Rarely they were observed biting a horse or man" in Oklahoma. Heaclley (1921) believes that sapphirina does not take blood. Dyar (1922) relates that: "While every attempt possible was made to try to get females to suck blood, the writer has never observed a single one biting." A contradictory statement ap- pears in his later work (1928), when he states: "The adults will bite under favorable conditions but are very seldom met with." Even less is written about U. loivii. Hinman (1935) finds that : "Under no conditions have they been induced to suck blood." King, Bradley, and McNeel (1939) concisely con- clude : "The adults are rarely seen and are not known to bite humans." Theobald (1903) quotes Hewlett, who, in a state- ment of questionable accuracy, reports U. lowii rare in Trinidad and biting (man) severely. 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 The first known observation of Uranotaenia lozvii taking blood was made in August, 1944, during general insect collecting at lights near New Orleans, Louisiana. It was feeding on a tree frog (Hyla c'merca) under a light. In order to obtain further information on the host preferences, a series of biting tests was undertaken in the laboratory. U. lozvii was very abundant and provided adequate living material for the investigations. Am- phibians and reptiles were plentiful and those used for study were collected during field trips. All mosquitoes and hosts used were taken near Harahan, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, and all biting tests were made there. EQUIPMENT AND METHODS The U. lowii females desired for the tests were collected at lights. The mosquitoes were taken alive into the laboratory and their identity checked with the aid of a dissecting micro- scope. The presence of white distal segments on the hind tarsi and the absence of blue-purple iridescence on the mid-mesonotal longitudinal line easily separate U. lozvii from the other Louisi- ana species of Uranotaenia, U. sapphirlna. The latter occurred in the same area where U. lozvii was being collected, but none was found at light in the vicinity of the laboratory. About one mile to the east, beside the Mississippi River, the two species were taken in a light trap in nearly equal numbers. Male lozvii were rare at light. The cage used for the biting tests was a one-foot cube with a solid wood bottom and sides of 16-mesh hardware cloth fastened to a wooden frame. To observe biting mosquitoes a Spencer binocular microscope was used with a 9 X eyepiece and 1 X, 2 X, and 3 X objectives in a revolving mount. The barrels of the instrument were lifted from the upright of the frame of the microscope, and manual support and focussing, rather than mechanical, had to be used. The objective could then be brought as near the side of the cage as desired. Objects more than four inches from the objective were out of focus. Conse- quently, the animals being tested had to be near the side of the cage. They were placed in the cage through the cloth sleeve Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 and were placed near the side and allowed to become quiet before mosquitoes were introduced. U. lowii showed no desire to feed under a direct light. A cloth placed to reduce the amount of illumination entering the cage diffused the light, and the mosquitoes quickly flew to the lower part of the cage and discovered any hosts present. Once an individual had begun to feed, the cloth could be removed without interrupting the process. BITING HABITS OBSERVED The mosquitoes, if placed with an unattractive animal, gave it no attention at any time. On the other hand, when a suitable host was present, U. lowii quickly showed interest, and some soon began to feed. Usually the tiny culicines did not fly to the body of the host. Most often, they lit on the floor near the animal and walked toward it. On contacting the animal, U. lowii placed the front legs and proboscis against the host, rested on the front and middle legs, and slowly, alternately rotated the elevated, white-footed hind legs. As many as five minutes were consumed in tapping over an area of the skin with the flexible proboscis. During the process, some individuals moved up onto the body of the host, although most remained on the floor. The tapping seemed to be the means of locating the most super- ficial capillaries of the host.2 At length, the mosquito inserted the proboscis and began feeding in the above-described position, leaning forward against the host and continuing to rotate the hind legs. This practice of resting beside the host, rather than on it, while feeding, though common with U. lowii, must be somewhat unusual. With most Uranotaenia lowii females captured for use in the biting tests, the abdomen contained varying amounts of a pale yellow fluid, possibly a plant juice. Some with distended ab- domens took a blood meal as readily as those only slightly fed. One of the first U. lou'ii whose feeding was watched was full of 2 However, Gordon and Lumsden (1939) believe, from their observa- tions of Aedes aegypti (L.), that at least the fascicle of the proboscis is incapable of sensing the location of blood vessels. 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 the pale liquid before being placed with a toad. It fed unusually long, and after about five minutes it began issuing tiny drops of the fluid from its anus. For fully ten minutes these fell, ap- parently forced out by the blood entering the stomach as the mosquito continued to feed. When the proboscis was with- drawn, the stomach was red and greatly distended. It may be that U. lowii takes the juices for its own sustenance, but re- quires blood to produce eggs ; in which case, when a blood meal is secured, the less valuable plant juices or animal excretions are forced out. HOST PREFERENCES Homo sapiens L. Twelve female Psorophora confinnis (L.- Arr.) and twenty female Uranotaenia lozvii were placed in the cage and the writer's bare arm was thrust in through the sleeve. The P. confinnis quickly attacked the arm. The U. lowii rested as readily on the arm as on parts of the cage, but none evidenced any desire to feed on man. A few minutes later these lowii fed on a toad. Terrapene Carolina (L.). Ten U. lozvii were introduced into the cage with the tortoise. None had tried to feed after 30 minutes. Then ten more were added. During the next 30 minutes none of the twenty fed. At the same time ten U. lozvii were placed with two Bitfo valliceps in a cage under similar conditions. Several of the U. lozvii immediately approached the toads and were soon feeding. Their lack of response to the presence of the tortoise was clear, while they fed normally on a known host. Lciolopisma laterale (Say). Twenty U. lowii were placed in the cage with three of these Ground Lizards, which are very nu- merous in southern Louisiana. No lizards had been attacked after 100 minutes. Ten lowii were simultaneously released into a similar cage containing two toads, and as in all other controls used, the lozvii fed eagerly on the toads. This test was twice repeated with the same results. Anolis carolincnsis Voigt. On three separate occasions twenty U. lozvii were placed in a cage with an American Chameleon, for periods varying from 45 to 100 minutes, and no Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 desire to bite was shown by the mosquitoes. The toads in the nearby cage were readily attacked in each of these tests. Rana sphenocephala (Cope). A single U. loivii was taken feeding on the amphibian under field conditions, but no labora- tory tests were made with this Southern Leopard Frog. Hyla c. cinerea (Schneider). U. loivii were collected in the field feeding on this common tree frog on two occasions. Five large H. cinerea were placed in the cage and twenty U. loivii females were introduced with them. Some difficulty was ex- perienced when the tree frogs ate five of the twenty mosquitoes, but the latter avoided the attention of the amphibians after be- coming accustomed to the cage. Within 30 minutes all of the surviving mosquitoes had approached the Hylae, and at least three had fed to repletion. The thigh of the hind legs of the frogs was the object of all observed feedings. Several U. loivii flew to a patch of urine discharged by a Hyla, and some seemed to feed briefly on the fluid. Twelve Psorophora confinnis in- troduced with the U. loivii showed no desire to feed on the am- phibians, and rested most of the time on the ceiling of the cage. (See below under Bit jo valliceps for further notes on H\la.) Bufo valliceps Weigmann. One U. loivii was collected in the field from this, the Mexican Toad, and several were seen biting the species on another occasion. This species was clearly a favorite host of U. loivii in southern Louisiana. In the labora- tory ten female loivii were placed in a cage containing two small Bufo valliceps and an equal-sized Hyla cinerea. After 75 minutes the ten U. loivii were collected in a chloroform tube and examined. Eight had taken blood meals in the cage. The Hyla was carefully watched throughout the 75 minutes, and only one loivii fed on it. Therefore, seven of the eight which took blood meals preferred the two Bufo to the H\la. These Uranotacnia seemed to evidence such a preference for B. val- liceps that the toad was used as the comparison species in the controls run with the tests on other animals. These controls are mentioned under foregoing species. (To be continued] 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Statement on DDT by the American Association of Economic Entomologists At the annual meetings of the two national entomological societies in New York, December 13-15, 1944, most of the papers and discussions involved recent experimental work with DDT. At the end of the meet- ings the American Association of Economic Entomologists adopted the following statement to summarize the results of various research projects and to correct "misunderstanding, over-optimism and distorted impres- sions." This statement seems of sufficient general interest to repeat in full here. THE EDITORS. "We feel that never in the history of entomology has a chemi- cal been discovered that offers such promise to mankind for relief from his insect problems as DDT. There are limitations and qualifications, however. "Subject to these, this promise covers three chief fields: pub- lic health, household comfort, and agriculture. As public health we include control of the insects which carry diseases that have scourged humanity, such as malaria, typhus and yellow fever. Household comfort is taken to cover such things as flies, fleas, bedbugs and mosquitoes. Agriculture includes not only farms, gardens and orchards but forests, livestock and poultry. "In the public health field DDT insecticides are so much more effective than previous weapons against malaria mosquitoes that for the first time there is a practical hope for eradicating that disease from this country. DDT proved in Italy that it is the first and only practical control for typhus. In the household field its amazing lasting effect promises relief for months from flies, mosquitoes and fleas. In the case of bedbugs, eradication from the American home has become a possibility. "In agriculture, it is promising against a wide variety of de- structive pests. These include most potato insects, many orchard and vineyard pests, numerous vegetable insects, as well as the chief insect enemies of vitally important seed crops. It appears to be effective against the pink bollworm and outstand- ing against the Japanese beetle, two of our worst imported pests. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Jt promises also a more practical control of the pests which ravage thousands of square miles of forest, and against many of those which harass livestock. "DDT will not kill all the important insect pects. It will kill many beneficial insects which are allies of mankind against the destructive species. Because of its toxicity to a wide variety of insects, its large-scale use might create problems which do not now exist. To illustrate, it is a superior insecticide for con- trol of codling moth on apples, but in some sections at least will kill certain natural enemies and thus release other insects which may then become major problems. "The research reports emphasize that we have not had time to develop entirely satisfactory mixtures and dosages of DDT insecticides, nor the method and timing of application for many possible uses. Modern agricultural pest control often requires mixing several materials in combination treatments, and we know little of DDT's compatibility with many of these others. Researches thus far were made with a material which was pro- duced under pressure for military needs, and which is not neces- sarily the best form for agriculture. "We do not know enough about effects on plants, animals and soils. While most plants were not harmed by DDT in- secticides in the experiments, injury to squash, corn, tomatoes and possibly fruit trees was reported. DDT is toxic to animal life when large amounts are taken internally or absorbed through the skin from oil solutions, but reports indicate a reasonable margin of safety. In the light of our present knowledge, heavy deposits on edible parts of plants should be avoided. Reports show definite toxicity to cold-blooded animal life including fish and frogs. There has not been time to learn the possible cumulative effects on soils. "More and larger-scale experimentation is needed. Enough DDT for such research in 1945 should be provided." 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Raids of Formica sanguinea Latr. (Hym., Formicidae) * W. V. BALDUF, University of Illinois During the years 1938, 1940 and 1944, I took advantage of chance opportunities to observe twelve raids by four separate colonies of the red slave ant, Formica sanguinea Latr. found on the University campus at Urbana. The identity of the sub- species of sanguinea and the ants raided by them in this area is suggested in the studies made by Smith (1927). He estab- lished that subspecies rubicunda Emery and subintegra Emery occur here, the former common, and that they pillaged the larvae and pupae, chiefly of Formica fusca subsericea Say, but also raided the nests of F. neogogates Em. and, in one case, that of Aphacnogaster julva Roger. Concerning the latter ant, Smith remarked "the brood they (sanguinea) pillage must be eaten shortly afterwards for no one has yet observed a mixed colony of these Myrmicine and Formicine ants." My contribution on sanguinea is divided into two parts, — first an account of a raid observed on July 4, 1944, and second, a number of observations on diverse activities. I discovered the above mentioned raid in progress near Mc- Kinley Hospital at 4:15 P.M. The line of scurrying red work- ers had not yet reached the fusca nest when I came upon it. Without delay they plunged into the entrances and in a very short time the advance individuals reappeared with booty in their jaws and sped on the homeward trip. In a later phase of the first round trip, many of the advanced pillagers had already borne their jitsca captives home and descended into their sub- terranean nest, while the hinder part of the column was still ap- proaching home. Then several minutes passed in which it seemed the raid was about to end ; where upon the reds again poured from their nest in numbers as large as those that made the first trip I observed. These traversed precisely the same 1 Contribution Number 243 from the entomological laboratories of the University of Illinois. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41 course and entered the same fusca nest as before. The last individuals to leave the pillaged nest on the second observed trip carried no fuscas in their jaws. No evidence of a third assault was seen, hence the raided colony appeared to have lost its entire population of larvae and pupae to their marauding relative. Although only two round trips were observed, it is possible that the raiders had already completed one or more in- vasions before I came on the scene. This possibility is sug- gested by the fact that the entrances were not plugged, so the reds entered without delay on the first observed trip. The distance covered in the two trips was around 636 feet, and the total traveling time was approximately 115 minutes. On this basis, the average speed was about 5.5 feet per minute. The raiding workers pressed on at a maximum rate at all times. They crossed a varied terrain that included a short-cut lawn, a concrete walk, a stretch of crushed gravel and a debris-covered woods floor. Now and then an individual left the main trail but promptly rejoined the racing column after a brief lateral run. By taking a fixed position along the trail I was able to count 1281 immature fuscas carried from their nest. The individuals removed consisted of a few callows and many pupae and larvae, the latter representing various sizes or instars. In general the pupae and larger larvae were transported in the earlier phase of the raid. Toward the end of the second round, many reds bore larvae so small it was not always easy to determine whether they carried booty. However, pupae still appeared in small num- bers even near the end of the raid. Since the large majority of the ants carried fuscas, the raiding army is estimated to have numbered approximately 650 workers. In the instance reported by Parker, the sanguineas transported about 12,800 immature fuscas in a total working time of 18 hours distributed over three consecutive days in August. Diverse Activities of F. sanguined At 5 :30 P.M. of July 24, 1938, more than 100 red workers of a colony near the Old Agricultural Building were seen milling 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 excitedly over the site of a fusca nest. This delay in entering the nest may have been due to obstructing plugs which fusca was found by Talbot and Kennedy to insert into the entrances. In late afternoon of July 19, 30 workers of the same colony were discovered spreading in an irregular and, it seemed, plan- less manner from their nest site. This activity probably rep- resented exploration for fusca nests to be raided later. This colony plundered a nest of fusca only eight feet from its home site on July 29. There seemed to be but one entrance to the black nest, and its size did not permit the reds to enter and emerge simultaneously. When a red worker appeared at the exit from within the nest, she pushed her captive fusca larva or pupa partly out through the hole. At this instant, the captive was seized, or possibly stolen, by another worker waiting out- side, which then carried the fusca home. This performance was seen to occur several times. In the scheme of sanguinea, the worker is believed usually to do its part in a raid without such aid. About 650 red workers of the same colony took part in a raid observed on July 24. On the basis of partial counts, I con- cluded only 30 to 40 per cent of this number found fuscas to carry home. Similarly low per cents of the workers returned home without booty also on other occasions. Because the red nest was situated only five to 20 feet from the fusca nests known to be invaded, these probably suffered repeated raids that kept their populations reduced to small numbers. The black adults offered only slight, if any, direct resistance to the observed on- sets of the reds. Upon depositing their captives in the subterranean chambers of their nests, some of the red workers reappeared, in a few in- stances, above the nest site and gathered in small knots among the grasses and a foot or so toward the location of the fitsca nest lately raided. In 15 or 20 minutes, these groups dissolved and the ants returned into the nest. Are such reappearances to be interpreted as incipient second raids ? Had these ants met with other workers still returning home with booty, would they have made another trip to the fusca nest? Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 On August 7, 1938, I discovered an army of red workers loitering and roaming aimlessly over a lawn at Lafayette, Illi- nois. Their nest was adjacent to the foundation of a house, whose owner had poured hot water on the nest three days earlier. Presumably the reds were out on a raid at the time the nest received this treatment, and were now a homeless wandering band. At one time in the afternoon, they milled slowly near the old nest site, and later were seen travelling in- differently away in a loose file, following a path over which I had seen a red colony make a normal raid in 1935. Kennedy states the flight time of sariguinea has varied, ac- cording to recorded cases, from about July 6 to August 3. I saw three winged adults crawling over the site of the colony at the Old Agricultural Building at 2:00 P.M. of July 22, 1938. They were accompanied by four apterous reds and a larger number of worker fuscas. The earliest observed raids of the summer were made on July 4 and 5, 1944, and the latest on September 3, 1940. In- variably the raids occurred on warm sunny days. The nests were situated in regularly-mowed lawns and in direct sunlight. LITERATURE CITED EIDMANN, H. Die Koloniegriindung der cinhcimischen Ameisen. Zeitschr. Vergl. Physiologic, 3, 803-816, 1926. GOETSCH, W. and BR. KATIINER. Die Kolonic-griimlung der Formicinon und ih re experimentelle Beeinfliissung. Zcitsclir. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere, 33, 201-206, 6 figs., 1937. PARKER, G. H. The numbers of ants in ant colonies. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 35, 3, 363-365, 1942. SMITH, M. R. Ants of a typical middle-western city, 1927. Unpublished Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana. TALBOT, MARY and C. H. KENNEDY. The slave-making ant. Formica sanguined subintcgra Emery, its raids, nuptual flights and nest structure. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 33, 3, 560-577, 1 table, 3 plates, 1940. 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 The Mechanics of Digestion in the Calliphorid Flies CYRIL E. ABBOTT, Washington, D. C. The first thorough description of the digestive system of the Calliphoridae was made by Lowne, who, in 1890, published a two volume work on Calliphora crylhrocephala. Recently (1934) Graham-Smith has treated the same subject in even greater detail. Wigglesworth, both in a separate paper (1929) and in his recent book on insect physiology (1940) has also discussed this matter, especially with reference to the function of the proventriculus. Others who have contributed to the discussion are Hewitt (1907), Giles (1906), Patton and Cragg (1913), Patton and Evans (1929) and Snodgrass (1944). The bulk of the present paper has been drawn from the work of the authors cited. Some observations of my own on Lit cilia sericata and Cynomyia cadavcrina have also contributed to this discussion. The digestive system of the calliphorid flies is one of the most specialized groups of organs known. Food is ingested, most of it in a liquid form, into a thin-walled tube which extends from the tip of the proboscis to the proximal part of the abdomen, within which it is expanded to form a bilobed pouch capable of considerable distension. This organ, the crop, is exclusively a storage place for ingested food. Near the anterior wall of the thorax the oesophagus bifur- cates: the ventral branch being that continuous with the crop, the dorsal passing almost immediately into the proventriculus. Posterior to the proventriculus the digestive tube exhibits a narrow constriction, then widens into the mid-intestine. The anterior portion of this mid-gut, which is also its widest part, lies in the thorax, but it continues into the abdomen where it is much coiled. As in other insects, its posterior termination is marked by the attachment of malpighian tubules : four of them in this case. The anterior two-thirds of the mid-intestine is is much narrower than the mid-gut, but posteriorly it expands Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 to form the rectal sack, a peculiar structure which narrows posteriorly until it terminates in the anus. Before considering the functions of these various parts it is necessary to call attention to some details of structure. Dor- sally a short band of muscle connects the proventriculus with the anterior wall of the thorax. The paired salivary glands, which are long, coiled, and very delicate, are attached to the sides of the proventriculus. The structure of the proventriculus is too complex for analysis here, but essentially it consists of an invaginated plug perforated by the lumen of the dorsal branch of the oesophagus, and an outer wall which is heavily muscular. The anterior portion of the mid-gut appears almost nodular as a result of the fact that the muscular layer forms a reticulum with recangular interstices through which the epithelial lining protrudes. Posteriorly the muscular layer becomes practically continuous so that the outer wall is smooth. About mid-way of the narrow part of the hind-gut is a valve bearing chitinous spines. The rectal sacks bears four invaginated rectal papillae of considerable complexity and richly supplied with tracheae. Since the oesophagus, crop, and proventriculus are of stomo- deal origin, they are lined with a chitinous intima which is con- tinuous with the exoskeleton of the fly. The intima which lines the oesophagus and crop, although very thin and capable of much extension, is practically impermeable, even to molecular solutions. This may be demonstrated by ligating the oesopha- gus just anterior to the crop when the latter is distended by a sugar solution imbibed by the fly. The excised organ may be immersed in distilled water for several days without exhibiting any shrinkage, and without successive samples of the water giving a positive test for sugar. An excised crop filled with water may be immersed in a molar solution of sodium chloride indefinitely without collapsing. The crop is obviously a stor- age organ only ; so far as absorption is concerned, any material it contains might just as well be outside of the body. Although efforts have been made to demonstrate that the proventriculus acts as a valve between the oesophagus and mid- 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 gut, both Graham-Smith and Wigglesworth are of the opinion that its sole function is that of forming the peritrophic mem- brane. That a peritrophic membrane exists, and that it is formed in the proventriculus there can be no doubt. This membrane, unlike that lining the crop, is highly permeable, and functions, probably, to protect the walls of the mid-gut from abrasion. A sphincter is present in the short, dorsal branch of the oesophagus just anterior to the proventriculus. I have ob- served this sphincter relax at irregular intervals, allowing the passage of material into the mid-gut. Two other oesophageal sphincters are present : one just anterior to the bifurcation, the other posterior to it in the wall of the oesophagus leading to the crop. By closing the valve on the dorsal branch food may be directed into the crop, or, by reverse peristalsis the fly may regurgitate liquid. Constriction of the valve just anterior to the bifurcation, with simultaneous relaxation of the other sphincters, allows food to pass from the crop to the mid-gut. Unlike those of the crop, the walls of the mid-gut are highly absorptive. This may be demonstrated by dissecting a fly which has fed on dyed sugar solution about twenty-four hours previously. The dyes (methylen blue or phenol red, usually) were often found concentrated in the crop, but never in the sur- rounding tissues : not only did they deeply color the walls of the mid-gut, but also the tissues adjacent to it. Whether it is because the anterior region of the mid-gut is more permeable than other parts, or because this part of the digestive tract is long, the dyes seldom reach the posterior part, and even when the anterior third is highly stained, the remain- ing portion is generally almost free from coloring matter. At the same time, the malpighian tubules and hind-gut may be deeply colored. This indicates that materials in excess, or which are incapable of being metabolized, are often absorbed from the mid-gut only to be deposited in the malpighian tubules. This is, of course, a substantiation of the renal function of the tubules. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 The function of the valve in the hind-gut is problematical. Graham-Smith cautiously suggests that it may destroy the remnants of the peritrophic membrane. Wiggelsworth considers the rectal papillae organs which ab- sorb excess water from the gut, but Graham-Smith doubts this. Another suggestion is that the papillae may oxidize toxic ma- terials. This conclusion is wholly suppositive, and is based upon the rich tracheal supply of the papillae. In a living fly the digestive organs are in constant motion. The lobes of the crop contract in rhythmic alternation. Waves of contraction pass anteriorly along the oesophagus from the crop to the proventriculus, which expands at intervals, usually concomitantly with the adjacent sphincter. Thus food passes into the mid-gut, along which waves of contraction pass pos- teriorly. A reverse peristalsis in the narrower part of the hind- gut probably serves to open the valve there. Strong, but ir- regular contractions occur in the rectal sack. Their effect is to move the rectal papillae inward and backward and then in a reverse direction, not synchronously, but cyclically. LITERATURE CITED GILES, 1906. Jour. Trop. Med. 9 : 99. GRAHAM-SMITH, D. S., 1934. Parasitol. 26: 176-236. HEWITT, C. G., 1907. Quart. Jour. Micros. Soc. 51 : 395-484. LOWNE, B. T., 1890. The Blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala. PATTON, W. S., and E. W. CRAGG, 1913. Textbook of Medical Entomol- ogy. London. PATTON, W. S., and E. M. EVANS, 1929. Insects, Ticks, Mites and Venemus Animals. H. R. Grubb, Croyden. SNODGRASS, R. E., 1944. Smithsonian Miscl. Coll., vol. 104, no. 7, pp. 1- 113. WIGGLESWORTH, V. B., 1929. Parasitol. 21 : 288-321. — , 1940. The Principles of Insect Physiology. E. P. Button, New York. 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 The Collection of Eggs of Aeschna multicolor (Hagen) PAUL C. WILBUR, San Jose, California As pointed out by Tillyard l and others, tbe rounded eggs of exophytic species of Odonata are easily collected. On the other hand, eggs of endophytic species have been laboriously ob- tained by examining masses of water weeds or by watching individual females in the act of ovipositing, and later taking the particular stem in which the eggs are observed to have been deposited. A much simpler method has been developed by the writer as the result of a chance observation in 1943. During a casual stroll in the latter part of August in Pacific Grove, a copulating pair of A. multicolor were captured by hand and without in- jury. No papers being at hand, the separated individuals were placed in separate breast pockets of a loosely woven shirt. About fifteen minutes later it was noticed that the pocket con- taining the female glistened with about thirty eggs which had been oviposited through the cloth. To obtain further eggs, a glass bowl full of tap water was covered with a piece of dish toweling, and the female held by the wing bases so that the tip of the abdomen was brought in contact with the wet towel. A large number of eggs were de- posited through the cloth so that they were attached to the cot- ton fibers on the under side of the cloth by the pedicel and projected into the water at nearly right angles to the plane of the cloth. Nearly all of these eggs hatched between the 10th and llth day. During the summer of 1944, another copulating pair of A. multicolor was captured with a net. A modified procedure for obtaining eggs was developed which may have general applica- tion to endophytic species of Odonata, although it has not been tried on Zygoptera. The method may not be applicable to those species which remain paired during oviposition. 1 Tillyard, R. J. The Biology of Dragonflies. 1917. Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49 Construct an open-ended non-corrosive metal cylinder of slightly smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the vessel in which it is to be suspended. Cover the lower end of the cylinder with a piece of soft loosely woven cotton cloth. Three or four pins may be soldered onto the outside of the cylinder to support it in the vessel. Pour in tap water until the water level in the vessel is established at about % inch above the cloth. Clip both pairs of wings of the captured female at about the level of the arculus with a pair of sharp scissors. Most Odonata can fly with all four wings clipped at the nodus. Place the fe- male on the wet cloth. The diameter of the cylinder should be great enough so that freedom of movement is provided. The vertical walls of the metal cylinder must be high enough to pre- vent escape from the cloth surface. The 1944 specimen of A. multicolor treated in this manner deposited several dozen eggs, the majority of which hatched in from 14 to 20 days. Unfortunately, the emergence of the pronymph was not ob- served in either of these cases. There seemed to be no effect on the success of emergence whether the cloth with attached eggs was maintained horizontal with eggs above or below, or with the cloth vertical. Eggs were laid in a formless pattern, sometimes singly, and at others in compact groups. The reason for the difference in hatching rate between the 1943 and the 1944 pair is not known. Possibly it is related to water temperature. Tillyard (loc. cit.) states that decaying vegetable matter is essential to the rearing of eggs. In both the collections herein described, ordinary city water was used. There was a slight amount of mold growth among the latest hatching eggs, and some may have been killed, but there was a high percentage of emergence. The larvae were active and fed readily on para- mecium. It would appear to be advisable to boil the cloth used, to re- move any soluble material which would support mold growth. and to avoid cloth which has been starched or "sized." 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present from time to time short reviews, notes, news and comments on entomology throughout the world. Contribu- tions from readers are solicited and will be acknowledged when used. We commonly think of complete digestion occurring in the lumen of the alimentary tract before absorption into the blood. But this is not necessarily the case, and in some cases it seems possible that even proteins may be absorbed unchanged or in various states of degradation — both in insects and mammals. It is well known that numerous pigments occur in insects, and in at least some cases these would seem to be absorbed essen- tially as found. Lederer * in reviewing the distribution of pig- ments in invertebrates lists carotenoids, quinones, melanins, pterines, flavons (xanthones), bile pigments and chlorophyll derivatives as being found in insects. Although some of these may be formed by the insects, certainly a number of them are obtained from the food. For instance, chrysine (the yellow pigment of beeswax) is found in several plant resins and is probably derived directly therefrom by the bees.2 And it is well known that the blood of certain caterpillars becomes colored from absorbed chlorophyll. Particularly favorable material for the study of such absorp- tion is supplied by the blood-sucking insects in which a large part of the ingested protein consists of hemoglobin. Wiggles- worth 3 has recently presented a detailed analysis of the fate of hemoglobin in the blood-sucking tropical bug Rhodnius proli.i'its and a preliminary survey of it in various other blood-sucking arthropods. Wigglesworth finds by exacting microspectroscopic methods that most of the ingested hemoglobin is broken down in the lumen of the gut of Rhodnius, the globin being absorbed and used as food, the hematin being excreted as protohematin. But a small amount seems to be absorbed into the blood with- Rev., 15: 273-306. 1940. See also F. Mayer, The Chemistry of Natural Coloring Matters, 354 pp., Reinhold Publ. Corp., N. Y., 1943. 2 R. Barre, Rev. Can. d. Biol., 1 : 485-490. 1942. «Proc. Roy. Soc., 131B: 313-339. 1943. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NliWS 51 out digestion and circulates as kathemoglohin or some spectro- scopically similar form. This circulating form of hemoglobin is taken up by the salivary glands and also by the yolk of develop- ing eggs, both of which become colored red. Some is also taken up by the pericardial cells or nephrocytes, by the epi- thelial cells of the stomach and intestine, and on injection also by the Malpighian tubules. In these cells the red pigment is subsequently changed to brown, then green (verdohem?) and finally to the bile pigment biliverdin. The pericardial cells be- come bright green. The gut cells excrete the biliverdin, but free iron accumulates in these cells so that in old insects they are heavily laden with iron deposits. The story is not the same for all blood-sucking arthropods. Wigglesworth reports that mosquitos and fleas do not absorb any of the blood pigments. They digest the hemoglobin almost completely and leave only a small residue of black protohematin in the feces. In lice (Pcdicidns}, the bedbug (Chne.v), various other Hemiptera, and ticks (I.vodcs, Ornlthodonis) varying amounts of pigments are absorbed but in no other species so readily as in Rhodnius proli.vus. The bedbug and ticks break the absorbed pigment down to protohematin ; only the louse and triatomids carried the breakdown on to the formation of bile pigments. Only in Rhodnins and Cimcx do the salivary glands become colored red, and only in Pcdiculus and Rhodnius is hemoglobin transferred to the developing eggs. These data on hemoglobin breakdown reemphasizc the im- portance of the nephrocytes and especially the epithelial cells of the gut in the intermediary metabolism of insects. In passing we might remind readers that the loss of all of the hematsin would mean losing only 6% of the weight of the hemoglobin because approximately 94% of the weight of the molecule is in the readily utilizable globin. The fate of the hematsin part of the molecule is therefore likely not of great importance to the insect's economy. Aside from these data presented by Wigglesworth, and the hemoglobins or erythrocruorins found as functional respiratory s in some chironomid larvae, hemoglobin has been re- 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 ported from a peculiarly sporadic listing of species. It is re- ported in Gastrophilns and certain aquatic Hemiptera (Bucnoa, Anisops and Macrocorixa). In all of these, with the excep- tion of the modified hemoglobin of chironomid larvae, the pig- ment seems to be a functionless inclusion derived from the blood of the host or prey. This explanation is least probable in Macrocorixa which is mainly, but not solely, herbivorous. A. G. RICHARDS, JR. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Eiperiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — The status of names published as manu- script names [87] 1 : 103-14. Status of certain pre-Linnean names reprinted subsequent to 1757 [87] 1: 115-26. On the type of a genus "A" containing two sps. "Ab" and "Ac," where the generic name in question was published on, or before 31st Dec. 1930 [87] 1 : 127-38. Suspension of the rules for Vanessa Fab., 1807 [87] 2: 239-50. On the prin- ciples to be observed in interpreting Art. 8 of the Code in relation to the form in which gen. & subg. names are to be published [87] 3 : 13-24. August Busck, 1870-1944— Obitu- ary and bibliography by Heinrich and Loftin. [10] 46: 232-39, portrait. Brett, G. H. — Electrically operated regu- lated humidity control. [12] 37: 552-53, ill. Brues, C. T. -Fluorescent staining of insect tissues. [68] 100: 554—55. Essig, E. O. — Needed changes in teaching entomology. (Editorial) [12] 37: 563-65. Frisch, K. v.— Christian Kon- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53 rad Sprengels Blumentheorie vor 150 Jahre und Heute. [Naturwiss.] 31 : 223-29 (1943). Gressitt, J. L.— Entomol- ogy in war-torn China. [68] 100: 519. Hatward, K. J.- Primera lista de insectos tucumanos perjudiciales. Primer Suppl. [Estacion Exper. Agr. Tucuman, Pub. Miscel.] 1944 (4) : 32 pp. Maurice Cole Tanquary, 1881-1944. Obit- uary by W. A. Riley. [68] 100 : 539-40. McCoy, O. R.- Malaria and the war. [68] 100: 535-39. Munger, F — An adaptation of a thermograph to regulate variable tempera- ture. [12] 37: 554. Wadley & Wolfenbarger — Regression of insect density on distance from center of dispersion as shown by a study of the smaller European bark beetle. [47] 69: 279-88. William, C. B.— Some applications of the logarithmic series and the index of diversity to ecological problems. [Jour. Ecol.] 32: 1-44. William Williams Hen- derson, 1879-1944— Obituary. [68] 100: 583-84. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Arthur, D. R. — Aphidius granarius in relation to its control of Myzus kaltenbachi. [22] 35: 257-70, ill. (Braconid). Barnes, O. L. — Feeding experiments with the range caterpillar egg parasite Anastatus semiflavidus. [12] 37: 544-45. Birch & Andrewartha — The influence of drought on the survival of eggs of Austroicetes cruciata in S. Australia. [22] 35 : 243-50. Clarke, C. H. D. — A positive pyrotropism (in horntails). [Canad. Field Nat.] 58: 142. Cornman, L- Effects of ether upon the development of Drosophila melanogaster. [23] 17: 367-77. David, Bracey & Harvey —Equipment and method employed in breeding Aedes egypti for the biological assay of insecticides. [22] 35 : 227-30. Dethier, V. G. — Observations on the life history of Cucullia asteroides (Noctuid). [4] 76: 161-62. Dowdy, W. W. — The influence of temperature on verticle migra- tion of invertebrates inhabiting different soil types. [84] 25: 449-60. Evans, A. C. — Observations on the biology and physiology of wireworms of the gen. Agriotes. [20] 31 : 235-49. Frisch, K. v. — Versuche uber die Lekung des Bienenfluges durch Duftstoffe. [Naturwiss.] 31 : 445-60 (1943). Haardt, K. — Uber die Auspragungsweise und Aus- pragungsbedingungen der Mutation kfl (Kruzfliigelig) bei Ephestia kuhniella. [Biolog. Zentralb.] 63: 478-87 (1943). Imms, A. D. — On the constitution of the maxillae and labium of Mecoptera and Diptera. [53] 85: 73-96, ill. Kuhn & Engelhardt — Uber zwei Entschuppung bewirkende Mutationen (Vi und cal) bei Ptychopoda seriata. [Biolog. 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Zentralb.] 63: 470-78 (1943). McGovran, Yeager, Mayer & Munson. — Effect of potassium fluoride and pyrethrum on Periplaneta americana after hemocytes are blocked with Chinese ink or nephrocytes are stained with trypan blue. [7] 37: 414-19, ill. Munson & Yeager. — Fat inclusions in blood cells of the southern armyworm, Prodenia eridania. [7] 37: 396-400, ill. Noland, J.'L.— Improved method for the determination of the lethal temperature of insects, with especial reference to studies on Periplaneta americana. [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 53: 186-87. Piepho, H.— Wirk- stoffe in der Metamorphose von Schmetterlingen und an- deren Insekten. [Naturwiss.] 31: 329-35 (1943). Rib- bands, C. R. — Influence of rainfall, tides and periodic fluc- tuations on a population of Anopheles melas. [22] 35 : 271-95. Robertson, F. W. — Removal of insect pests from stored products by means of behavior stimuli. [22] 35 : 215-17. Slifer, E. H. — Heal caeca in the Eumastacidae (Orthoptera). [7] 37: 441-46, ill. Simmonds, F. J.- Propagation of insect parasites on unnatural hosts. [22] 35: 219-26. Smith, F. — Nutritional requirements of Cam- ponotus ants. [7] 37: 401-8. Vogt, M. — Induktion von Metamorphoseprozessen durch implantierte Ringdriisen bei Drosophila. [Roux' Arch. f. Entwickl. des Organismen] 142: 131-82 (1942). Vogt, M.— Zur Produktion gonado- tropen Hormones durch Ringdriisen des ersten Larven- stadiums bei Drosophila. [Biolog. Zentralb.] 63: 467-70 (1943). Wellington, W. G. — Barotaxis in Diptera, and its possible significance to economic entomology. [31] 154: 671-72. Yeager & Munson — Relation of dosage to survival time of arsenite-injected roaches. [68] 100: 501-03. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Chamberlin & Ivie. — Spiders of the Georgia Region of N. Amer. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 35: (9), 267 pp., ill. (*). Mello-Leitao, C. de. — Comentarios a respeito da possivel filogenia dos opilioes. [15] 16: 197-209, ill. Robertson, P. L.— Technique for biological studies of cheese mites. [22] 35: 251-55, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS— Borror, D. J.— Additional notes on Erythrodiplax maculosa. [7] 37: 393-95, ill. Daggy, R. H. — Two mayfly gynandromorphs. [10] 46: 256-59. Dos Santos, N. 'D. — Description of the male of Erythrodiplax maculosa. [7] 37: 389-92, ill. Imms, A. D. -(See under anatomy.) Montgomery, B. E.— Distribu- tion and relative seasonal abundance of the Indiana sps. of Agrionidae (Odonata) (Abstract). [Proc. Indiana Acad. Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55 Sci.] 53: 179-85. Wright, M. — Some random observations on dragon fly habits with notes on their predaceousness on bees. [49] 19: 295-301. Taub, R.— New No. Amer. fleas. [Zool. Ser. Field Mus. N. H.] 29: 211-20. ORTHOPTERA— Birch & Andrewartha— (See under Physiology.) Noland, J. L. — (See under Anatomy.) Slifer, E. H.— (See under Anatomy.) Williams, C. B.- (See under General.) HEMIPTERA— Bugbee, R. E.— Eleven n. sp. of Eury- toma from Mexico. [7] 37 420-38, ill. DeLong, D. M.- New gen. (Tenucephalus) and species of Mexican leafhop- per related to Parabolocratus. [43] 44: 236-37, ill. Essig, E. O. — New aphid on guayule and notes on other species of Cerosipha. [Hilgardia] 16: 177-84, ill. Funkhauser, W. D.— Some Venezuelan Membracidae. [18] 29: 193-94. Hungerford, H. B. — Some Venezuelan aquatic Hemiptera. [18] 29: 129. Knull, D. J.— Notes on leaf hoppers with de- scriptions. [43] 44: 239-42, ill. Lawson, C. A.— Relation of hind tibial and sensoria to intermediacy in partheno- genetic aphids. [7] 37: 409-13. Muesebeck, C. F. W.- Genus Ollarianus in No. Amer., including Mexico (Cicadel). [91] 34: 391-98, ill. (*). Smith, R. H.— Bionomics and control of the nigra scale, Saissetia nigra. [Hilgardia] 16: 225-88, ill. Usinger, R. L. — Nomenclature of the genus Nysius and its allies (Lygaeid). [10] 46: 260-62. LEPIDOPTERA — (See also under General.) Dethier, V. G. — (See under Anatomy.) McDunnough, J. — New microlepidoptera with notes (Eucosomid). [4] 76: 153- 56. Kuhn & Engelhardt— (See under Physiology.) Mur- ray, D.— Asymmetry. [21] 56: 109-11, ill. DIPTERA — Alexander, C. P. — New nearctic craneflies. Part XXI. [4] 76: 166-72. Burke, F.— The brine fly. [The Microscope and Ent. Mo.] 5 : 238-40, ill. Crouzel, I. S. de — First instar larva of Acridophaga caridei (Sarcoph). [10] 46: 239-46, ill. David, Bracey & Harvey— (See under Physiology.) Dethier & Whitley — Population studies of Florida mosquitoes. [12] 37: 480-84. Hull, F. M.— Stud- ies on flower flies in the Vienna Mus. Nat. Hist. (Syrphid). [91] 34: 398-404 (S*). Imms, A. D.— (See under Anat- omy.) Macfie, J. W. S. — Ceratopogonidae collected in Trinidad from cacao flowers. [22] 35 : 297-300, ill. O'Neil, Ogden & Eyles — Additional sps. of mosquitoes found in Texas. [12] 37: 555-56. Pryor & Chamberlain— Differ- 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 entiating the larvae of Uranotaenia in the southwest. [12] 37: 543-44, ill. Quinby, Serfling & Neel— Distribution and prevalence of mosquitoes in Kentucky. [12] 37: 547-50. Ribbands, C. R. — (See under Physiology.) Trembley, H. L. — Mosquito culture technique. [Mosquito News] 4: 103-19, ill. Yolles, Yolles & Byrd— On the occurrence of Anopheles pessoai in Trinidad, B.W.I. [68] 100: 547-48. COLEOPTERA— Blake, D. H.— Notes on 5 West In- dian Chrysomelidae. [10] 46: 249-53, ill. (*). Evans, A. C. — See under Physiology.) Hicks, S. D. — Notes on some sps. of Coleoptera taken at Ojibway, Essex Co., Ontario. [4] 76: 163. Marshall, M. Y.— New Tanaops from New Mexico with notes on the genus (Melyrid). [4] 76: 164- 66. Richter, H. R. — Larvae and the ecology of beetles of the gen. Lampra (Buprestid). [64] 1944 (1) : 59-64 (Rus- sian. Engl. sum.). Wadley & Wolfenbarger — (See under General.) HYMENOPTERA— Banks, N. — Psammocharidae taken at Kartabo and other localities in British Guiana. [18] 29: 97-112 (k to subfam. & gen.). Clancy, D. W.— Biology of Allotropa burrelli (Serphoid), a gregarious parasite of Pseudocococcus comstocki. [47] 69: 159-67. Clarke, C. H. D. — (See under Physiology.) Gregg, R. E. — The ants of the Chicago region. [7] 37: 477-80, ill. (k). Rau, P. — Nesting habits of the wasp Chlorion pennsylvanicum. [7] 37: 439-40. Smith, F.— (See under Anat. & Phys.) Smith, M. R. — Second sps. of Glamyromyrmex. [10] 46: 254-56, ill. Walley, G. S. — Compoplegine notes and de- scriptions (Ichn). [4] 76: 157b-61. SPECIAL— The Naturalist's Lexicon. By R. S. Woods. Abbey Garden Press. 1944, 282 pp. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 4. — Canadian Entomol. 7. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 10. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 12. — Journal Eco- nomic Ent. 15. — Anais Acad. Brasil. Cien., Rio. 18.— Zoologica, New York. 20. — Annals of Appl. Biology. 21. — Entom. Record & Jour. Variation. 22. — Bull. Entom. Research. 23. — Physiological Zool. 31. — Nature, London. 43. — Ohio. Jour. Sciences. 47. — Jour. Agr. Research. 53. —Quart. Jour. Microscop. Sci. 68. — Science, New York. 84. — Ecology, Brooklyn. 87. — Opinions and Declarations, Nat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 91. — Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. Literature for sale: Fifty years accumulation of Smithsonian, National and other museum, societies and other publication, in- cluding insects. Large library of books on travel, exploration, big game hunting, much natural history, in many lands. Price lists on request. J. Alden Loring, Box E-N, Owego, New This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. Lepidoptera — Should like to hear from collectors interested in species from central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Would collect other Orders. Paul F. Bruggemann, R. R. 1, Furness, Sask., Canada. Lampyridae of U. S. and Canada wanted from the South and West, especially Photinus and Pyractomena for revisional study. Buy or exchange. J. W. Green, R. D. 2, Easton, Pa. Lepidoptera — Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. JUST PUBLISHED A CATALOGUE AND RECLASSIFICATION OF THE NEARCTIC ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) By HENRY K. TOWNES, JR. (Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, Number 11) The parasitic habits of this group of insects render them of great eco- nomic importance and biological interest, but because of the handicaps of an extremely scattered literature and confused taxonomy, a vast amount of preparation is required of the prospective worker, if his results are to be of lasting value. This catalogue is a coherent guide to the published information and thereby opens the field to more and a better class of research. It gives a more natural systematic arrangement than has previously been available, a bibliography, and a list of the host and parasites of the described ichneumon-flies which occur in America north of Mexico, complete through the year 1940. The price of this work, in two parts (about 800 pages), is $15.00 post- paid. Remittance should accompany order. Part I is ready for delivery and part II should be ready within the next three months but will be sent only when payment covering entire work has been received. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $200 U. S. Currency. Foreign delivery $2.10. ' For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DIV. INS. MARCH 1945 s HA Vol. LVI No. 3 CONTENTS Moul — Notes on Arilus cristatus 57 Gillespie — Odonata of Delaware Co., Penna 59 Remington — Feeding habits of Uranotaenia lowii 64 Rau — The Wasmann Collection of ants 69 Darlington — Notes on some Microlepidoptera 70 Damerell — A simple method for mounting Lepidoptera 74 Notes and News in Entomology 75 Types from New England Museum of Natural History 78 Book Review — Conotrachelus by Schoof 78 Current Entomological Literature 79 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75; additional at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at 1V& cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LYI MARCH, 1945 Xo. 3 Notes on Arilus cristatus (Linnaeus) in York County, Pennsylvania and on its Prey (Heteroptera : Reduviidae) EDWIN T. MOUL, York, Pennsylvania While collecting insects during the summers of 1943 and 1944 I have noticed an increase in the local population of the reduviid, Arihts cristatus (Linnaeus) commonly known as the Wheel-bug. As specimens were observed in the field, daily notes were made. An attempt was made to collect all feeding specimens with their prey. These specimens were mounted one above the other on the same pin for further study. I have collected Wheel-bugs in York County, Pennsylvania since 1933, but only a few specimens each year. These were taken chiefly in the wooded areas of the Susquehanna river hills and the Conewago Creek. They were rare enough for me to collect each specimen seen. I have one specimen for 1933, 2 for 1934 and 2 for 1938. In 1942 these insects first appeared in gardens in central York County, frequently enough to have my attention called to them by neighbors and interested citizens. I have a specimen taken on August 22, 1942 which was feeding on a Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newn.). Egg masses were common during the winters of 1943 and 1944. Hexagonal clusters of from 75 to 150 eggs were found on trunks of white pines, branches of apple trees, one on the branch of a quince tree, one on the trunk of a chestnut oak, sev- eral on the undersurfaces of cherry limbs and on sides of grape vines. Most of these egg masses were within four (4) feet of (57) 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '45 the ground, but placed with no apparent regard to protection or cover. Nymphs were first collected, with prey, on June 3rd. The last adults were collected on October llth. Leland O. Howard reports the young nymphs as feeding on soft-bodied insects, "such weak, delicate species as plant lice." While some young nymphs were observed feeding on young tent caterpillars, others collected while feeding, had on their beaks the Locust-leaf- mining beetle (Chalepus dorsalis Thunb.) and a leaf -bug (Miridae). Several third instar nymphs were observed feed- ing on a pentatomid nymph, an adult Pentatomid (Euschistus euschistoides Vollenhaven) and an adult Membracid (Ceresa dicer os Say.) ; one fourth instar nymph was taken with a pentatomid nymph. Last instar nymphs were taken with an adult pentatomid (Euschistus variolarius Beauv.) and Japa- nese beetles (Popillia japonica Newn.) ; adult Wheel-bugs with Japanese beetles, caterpillars and a wasp (Eumeninae). A complete list of prey follows : Hemiptera Coleoptera Miridae — 1 Chalepus dorsalis Thunb. — 3 Tingidae — 1 Elateridae — 1 Pentatomidae Weevil — 1 Nymphs — 2 Popillia japonica Newn. — 13 Adults— 2 Homoptera Lepidoptera Atymnus querci Fitch — 1 Tent caterpillar — 3 Ceresa diceros Say — 1 Caterpillars — 3 Arachnids Hymenoptera Spider — 1 Eumeninae (wasp) — 1 Copulating adults were taken on August 23rd, and August 29th. The question arises, has this unusual increase in this pre- datory species been due to an increased food supply during the growing season? From observation, the increase of Arilns Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59 cristatus (Linnaeus) has paralleled the local infestation of Chalepus dorsalis Thunb. and Popillia japonica Newn. Mr. Guy Boyd, a local insect exterminator, has also observed these Wheel-bugs preying on Japanese beetles consistently and con- curs with me in the opinion that their abundance is due to this increased food supply. These two beetles have been the pre- dominant forms taken for food. More evidence is needed and the above report is submitted with the hope that further in- formation will be forthcoming. Notes on the Odonata of Delaware County, Pennsylvania JOHN GILLESPIE, Glenolden, Pennsylvania During the five years that I have been studying dragonflies. most of my collecting has been done in the Delaware County region, the majority of it at ponds and streams within four or five miles of Glenolden. A number of interesting captures have been made during this five-year period, which, in the case of a few species, have established extensions of their known ranges. Many Delaware County records are mentioned in Dr. P. P. Calvert's Catalogue of the Odonata of Philadelphia, of 1893. None of these records, or more recently published ones by Dr. Calvert are given here, except for the mention of four inter- esting species not in the list below. These are Erythrodipla.v berenice, Synipetrum corruptum, and Argia tibialis (Calvert. Cat. Odon. Phila.), and Cordulegaster diastatops (Calvert, Ent. News XLIX : 251, 1938). There are, however, a number of unpublished records that Dr. Calvert has kindly given me, some of which are included here in order to make the data as com- plete as possible. Our combined notes bring the number of species reported in Delaware County to eighty-three. This shows that a small and thickly populated district like Delaware County can still yield an interesting variety of dragonflies. Only some of the less common species, for which previously published records from the Philadelphia area are either very 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '45 meager, or lacking entirely, are mentioned in this paper. Those marked with an asterisk (*) have not been previously reported from Delaware County or Philadelphia. A double asterisk (**) indicates new Pennsylvania records, but it is very likely that some of these species occur commonly in some part of the state, and have been overlooked because of the wide gaps in our knowledge of Pennsylvania Odonata. Two species which have been taken just outside of the county are included for the sake of completeness. The collecting area at Holmes deserves special mention. It consists of several swampy ponds with a total area of about an acre. The swamp is apparently produced by springs, and at the end of a very dry summer, as in 1943, it may almost dry up. In spite of this semi-temporary condition the swamp always swarms with dragonflies throughout the summer. Forty-five species have been taken or observed there as a result of some twenty odd collecting trips during the last four years. Many of these species are of particular interest, and Holmes is men- tioned frequently in the list of species which follows. Hagenius brevistylus Selys. Cheyney, June 17, 1934, 1 $ (P. P. Calvert). One female in a field near a small brook flowing into the Springfield Reservoir, June 25, 1940. Gomphus plagiatus Selys. Ridley Twp., Aug. 30, 1894, 1 $ (P. P. Calvert). G. spiniceps Walsh. Chester Creek, Glen Riddle, July 16, 1908, 1 <$ and 1 5 just transformed, their exuviae, two other exuviae (A. S. Calvert, coll. P. P. Calvert). Crum Creek above Strathaven, July 28, 1908, 1 $ dead in water, 27 exuviae collected along banks, other exuviae seen (P. P. Calvert). G. lividus Selys. Common along the Munckinipattus Creek. Several records for Chester, Ridley, and Crum Creeks (May 10-June21). Lanthus albistylus Hagen. Castle Rock, June 16, 1901, 1 $ (Daecke, det. by P. P. Calvert). Gomphaeschna antilopc (Hagen). A female was clinging to the outside of the screen on my window at 7 :30 A.M., May 22, Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61 1941. Another female was taken on a screen door the follow- ing year, early in July. On several dates during a two-week period before the May 22 female was taken, a small aeschnid with a bluish abdomen was seen flying and hovering in sunny parts of the Munckinipattus Creek, low over the water. It was very likely a male of this species, but repeated efforts to catch it were in vain. *Basiaeschna Janata Say. Sycamore Mills, Ridley Creek, May 14, 1942, 1 g. Several others seen there and on Chester creek on the same date. Anax longipes Hagen. Cheyney, Smithson's Pond, July 9, 1936, 1 5 dead, decomposing on water's surface (P. P. Calvert). Holmes, June 19, 1941, 1 J1. (Sight record.) It captured a small dragonfly (Sympetrwn or Pachydiplax), and spent at least ten minutes devouring it while at rest in a tree. On an- other occasion, on Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, I saw this species capture a smaller dragonfly. Longipes seems to be more voracious than its much commoner relative, junius. **Aeslma constricta Say. A male was netted in our garden, Sept. 19, 1943. Two males taken in a large field, about half a mile from the edge of Tinicum marshes. After flying about, low over the ground, they lit on grass stalks, just a few inches from the ground. Sept. 26, 1943. Two males captured while flying slowly, very near the ground in a wide grassy lane at the edge of Tinicum marshes. Sept. 29, 1944. Except for a male that I took at Cape May, N. J., Sept. 25, 1944, this seems to be the southernmost record for this species. Ae. tuberculijera Walker. Holmes, Sept. 1, 1941, 1 ^ One male taken in large field, as above, Sept. 26, 1943. On this date the three species of Aeshna mentioned here, plus umbrosa, were collected in about twenty minutes time, and within a hun- dred-yard stretch along the edge of the field. Moore Lake, Sept. 12, 1944, 1 a en o '3 a 03 - d CN -f c - oo o - CN d t--. £ - o' - "5 CN o CN -t d £ d 00 PC GO 0 § Number 0 a : same locality; I 30, 1919; (J. A. Reis, Jr.); 1 d\ 2$. Batanga; II-IV, 1914; (F. H. Hope) ; 3 $: same locality; IX, 1913; (A. I. Good) ; 1 J\ One female from Batanga and another from Lolodorf have no evident wings. The Lolodorf specimen is exceedingly small, measuring but 9.4 mm. in total length, although that from Ba- tanga is hardly at all under the average dimensions of other Cameroons females. The Lolodorf female measured is the smallest specimen of the species in a series of over one hundred and twenty individuals from a wide range of localities, now before me in the series of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Papilio mylotes Bates (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) By KENT H. WILSON, Fort Worth, Texas In the summer of 1937 the author captured a specimen of Papilio mylotes at his home in Fort Worth, Texas. The speci- men, however, was destroyed in the author's absence abroad. The presence of Papilio mylotes in the United States has been very doubtful in the past. Holland in his The Butterfly Book stated it as being "extremely doubtful." He failed to find any "record of its occurrence north of the Rio Grande." McDun- nough did not mention it in his Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States, 1938. Dr. W. J. Showalter in Our Friends and Foes and Spiders (excerpts from the National Geographic Magazine) said, "Occasionally members of the spe- cies wander as far north as our Gulf coast." Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 A New Species of Paranomada with Notes on Melecta Thoracica Cresson By E. GORTON LINSLEY, University of California, Berkeley The following notes are based upon material very kindly submitted for study by Mr. P. H. Timberlake, of the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California. Paranomada californica new species Female. — Color black, shining; integument almost impunc- tate; pubescence white. Head with occiput clothed with long, pale hairs ; upper frons and vertex subglabrous ; antennae with a rosette of long, plumose, white hairs about bases, scape clothed with moderately long, white hairs ; clypeus shining, subglabrous, reddish; abdomen pale reddish at base, apices piceous; maxil- lary palpi with four free segments. Thorax black, shining; pronotal collar and tubercles densely clothed with pale hairs; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum subglabrous; metanotum pu- bescent, more densely at sides; mesepisterna with vertical face densely clothed with appressed white hairs; propodeum with dense patches of white pubescence on lateral margin, over an- terior angles of triangular area, and on each side of posterior angle of area; intermediate and posterior coxae broadly lamel- late ; wings tinted with fuscous, anterior pair with a large pale area beyond submarginal and discoidal cells ; veins and stigma dark brown. Abdomen black, shining, with a velvety band of plumose white pubescence along apical margin of tergites two, three, and four, band of second tergite broadly, of third tergite narrowly, interrupted at middle ; pygidial plate elongate, apex narrowly triangular, emarginate. Length 7 mm., anterior wing 5 mm. % Male. — Form a little more slender than female ; abdominal bands broadly interrupted on second tergite, successively less broadly interrupted on tergites three, four, and five; pygidial plate narrow, apex narrowly rounded; genitalia with sagittae about as long as stipites, nearly straight externally. Length ', mm., anterior wing. 5.5 mm. 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 Holotype female and allotype male (Timberlake Collection), from Yucca Valley, San Bernardino County, CALIFORNIA, Sep- tember 28, 1944, collected by Mr. P. H. Timberlake. Both examples were captured flying close to the ground at flowers of Gntierresia Incida in company with E.romalopsis verbesinae Ckll. Mr. Timberlake suggests that E.roinalopsis may be the host of this genus, calling attention to the fact that the two fly together and share a striking similarity in general appearance and sculpture. This species is closely related to P. vclutina Linsley (Arizona and Lower California), differing at once from P. nitida Linsley and Michener (Arizona) in the black color and four-segmented maxillary palpi. From P. velutina it may be distinguished by the white rather than ochraceous or golden pubescence, and the interrupted pubescent bands of the abdomen (in the female, broadly interrupted on second tergite, narrowly on third ; in male, very broadly on second tergite, successively more nar- rowly on third, fourth, and fifth tergites.) The female may be further distinguished by the more narrowly triangular pygidial plate, the male also by the narrow pygidial plate which is nar- rowly rounded at apex, and possibly also by the slightly longer sagittae of the genitalia. These differences are expressed in the following key : Females 1 . Color black ; maxillary palpi with four free segments 2 Color pale reddish-brown ; maxillary palpi with five free seg- ments ; abdominal tergites two to four with white pubes- cent bands; wings clouded with pale brownish, veins and stigma light brown. 7.5 mm. Arizona nitida 2. Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites ochraceous or golden, entire ; pygidial plate more broadly triangular, apex sub- truncate. 8.5-11 mm. Arizona and Lower California velutina Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites white, broadly inter- rupted at middle of second tergite, narrowly on third tergite ; pygidial plate more narrowly triangular, apex shallowly emarginate. 7 mm. So. California, .colijornica Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 Males 1. Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites two to five golden or ochraceous, entire; pygidial plate broadly subtriangular, apex broadly truncate. 8.5-10.5 mm. Arizona and Lower California velutina Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites two to five white, widely interrupted at middle on second tergite, succes- sively more narrowly interrupted on tergites three, four, and five; pygidial plate narrow* apex narrowly rounded. 7 mm. So. California calif ornica Figure 1. Melee ta thoracica Cresson, female. Above: basal antennal segments in dorsal view (upper) and frontal view (lower). Below: pygidial plate. X 18. Melecta (Melecta) thoracica Cresson [Fig. 1] Melecta thoracica Cresson has not been recognized by recent workers. In my revision of nearctic Melectinae,1 it was placed in the keys on the basis of the extremely brief original descrip- tion and the few structural characters subsequently mentioned by Viereck.- These characters appear, however, to be valid and definitive, especially the form of the pygidial plate of the 1 Linsley, E. G., 1939, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 32 : 429-468, figs. 1-9. 2 Viereck, H. L.. 1903, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 29: 179. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 sixth abdominal tergite of the female and the proportions of the flagellar segments of the antennae (fig. 1). A fuller descrip- tion follows : Female. — Black, pubescence of occiput, dorsum of thorax, and first abdominal tergite ochraceous to fulvous, remaining pubescence black. Head densely clothed with long, erect, black hairs at sides of face and about antennal bases, upper frons and clypeus thinly pubescent ; .upper frons and vertex closely, mod- erately coarsely punctate, median ocellus without a shining, impunctate triangular area in front, a distinct, elevated carina present between antennal bases and extending to base of clyp- eus ; antennae piceous, first flagellar segment distinctly longer than second ; clypeus moderately shining, finely, irregularly punctate, more coarsely and densely at base on each side of a smooth, median longitudinal basal line, base thinly clothed with long, fine, black hairs; mandibles pale, base and apex piceous. Thorax densely pubescent ; mesoscutum with surface obscured by the long erect pubescence, surface apparently closely punctate ; mesoscutellum with dorsal lobes armed with a spine which is much shorter than, and largely obscured by, the long erect hairs ; mesepi sterna opaque, coarsely, closely punc- tured, clothed with black hairs which do not obscure surface ; wings dark brownish ; legs moderately densely pubescent. Pro- podeum with enclosure finely punctate, nearly glabrous, other- wise clothed with long, erect, black hairs. Abdomen dark brownish or piceous, dull, surface tessellate, finely sparsely punctate; first tergite clothed with long, depressed or suberect, ochraceous or fulvous hairs except for a narrow median line and posterior margin, remaining segments with a few, coarse, suberect black hairs at sides ; pygidial plate elongate triangular, flat, sides straight, apex evenly rounded, not liguliform. Length approximaftely 15 mm. Described from a female from Buffalo, South Dakota, June 16, 1941 (H. C. Severin). There is considerable uncertainty about the type of this species. In his original description, Cresson 3 states, "1 speci- 3 Cresson, E. T., 1875, Wheeler Exp., Zool., 5 : 726. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 men; Eastern Nevada; 1872; Dr. H. C. Yarrow," in his cata- logue of North American Apidae,4 he gives the distribution as "Colorado and Nevada," and in his list of types,5 he records the type locality as "Colorado." Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., who very kindly looked into the matter for the writer, reports that the putative type hears the following labels: (1) "Col," (2) "?," (3) "Holotype 2286," (4) "M. thoracica." Mr. C. F. W. Muesebeck, who made a search for the Nevada specimen in the collections of the United States National Museum, which contain some of the material from the Wheeler Expedition, was unable to locate it. It is reasonable to suppose, therefore, that the Cresson type designation is in error and the type lost. A New Henicopid Centiped from Utah By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah In a small collection of centipeds and millipeds made by Prof. C. L. Hayward on the slopes of the Wasatch Mountains east of Provo, Utah, is a single specimen representing a new genus in the family Henicopidae. It belongs in the subfamily Zygethobi- inae, the type of which is Zygethobius, a genus erected by the author many years ago for another Utah species living at high elevations in the Uintah and Wasatch Mountains. The present genus is the second one of the group to be found in which ocelli are wholly lacking. Genus Yobius, new This is a henicopid genus of the Zygethobiinae, a subfamily characterized by lacking spiracles on the first pediferous seg- ment. It is like Bncthobius in lacking ocelli, but differs in hav- ing the tarsi of all legs biarticulate. The key given below will aid in placing the new genus among those previously known in the subfamily. 4 Cresson, E. T., 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 7: 218. 5 Cresson, E. T., 1916, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1 : 132. 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS f June, '45 Generotype: Yobins haywardi, new species. The name Yobins is given in reference to the finding of the type specimen on what is locally called "Y" Mountain. Key to the Genera of Zygethobiinae 1. Ocelli absent 2 Ocelli present, one on each side 3 2. Tarsi of all but last two pairs of legs uniarticulate Buethobius Chamberlin Tarsi of all legs biarticulate Yobins, new 3. All tarsi simply biarticulate ; pores on last 5 pairs of coxae Zygethobius Chamberlin The second article of all tarsi subdivided into two to many subdivisions ; pores on only the last four pairs of coxae Esastigmatobins Silvestri Yobius haywardi, new species Body with head, antennae and legs yellow throughout. Antennae moderately long, composed typically of 35 or 36 articles, of which those distad of the second are short; second article long ; the first short or intermediate. Prosternal teeth small and pale, 3 + 3, with the median sinus shallow and U-shaped. Legs having the usual tibial spur on anterior side of distal end, otherwise without spines but bearing setae as usual. Tarsi with three claws, of which the accessory laterals are small. Tarsi biarticulate in all legs present, including the penult. It is presumed that the tarsi of the anal legs are similar, but as these legs are missing from the holotype this point is not wholly certain. The second tarsal article is relatively short. Coxal pores circular, 2, 2, 2, 2. Claw of the gonopods of female entire, relatively short ; basal spines 2 + 2. Length, 7.5 mm. Locality — UTAH : Utah County, on "Y" Mountain, east of Provo. One female, lacking anal legs taken May 12, 1944, by C. L. Hayward. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Western United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part IV By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Massachusetts The preceding part under this general title was published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 56: 126-132, 1945. In the present paper I am describing some additional novelties, almost all from the extensive Melander Collection, particularly rich in species from our northwestern states. Where the species are repre- sented by uniques, Dr. Melander has very generously per- mitted me to retain the type specimens in my collection of World Tipulidae, a favor for which I express my deepest thanks. Limonia (Limonia) yellowstonensis new species General coloration gray, the mesonotum patterned with dark brown, including three praescutal stripes ; antennae black, the bases of the flagellar segments narrowly pale and constricted ; knobs of halteres dark brown ; legs yellow, the tips of femora narrowly but conspicuously blackened ; wings unusually nar- row, especially on proximal half; ground color whitish sub- hyaline, heavily spotted and dotted with brown ; Scl ending opposite one-fourth to one-fifth the length of Rs; in-cn before the fork of M. 5. Length about 6 — 6.5 mm. ; wing 6.2 X 1.35 — 6.8 X 1.45 mm. Rostrum brownish black, sparsely pruinose ; palpi black. An- tennae chiefly black, the scape weakly pruinose ; flagellar seg- ments with their bases narrowly pale, the remainder dark brown, the basal stems of the outer segments becoming more constricted ; terminal segment a little longer than the penulti- mate. Head dark brownish gray, vaguely patterned with darker. Pronotum gray, patterned with dark brown. Mesonotum gray, the praescutum with three conspicuous black stripes, the median one vaguely split by a capillary paler vitta. this less dis- 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 tinct in the holotype ; scutal lobes likewise conspicuously black- ened. Pleura gray; dorsopleural membrane infuscated. Hal- teres with stem yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with coxae brownish testaceous, the posterior pair paler; trochanters ob- scure yellow ; femora light yellow, the tips narrowly but con- spicuously blackened ; tibiae yellow, the tips very narrowly and vaguely infuscated ; proximal two tarsal segments yellow, the tips darker ; outer tarsal segments infuscated. Wings unusu- ally narrow, especially on more than the proximal half; ground color whitish subhyaline, heavily spotted and dotted with brown ; the larger areas include, additional to the uniformly darkened stigma, a series of three costal areas, these subequal to or more extensive than the interspaces ; third dark area a common one over the origin of Rs and fork of Sc ; besides brown seams over cord, outer end of cell 1st M2 and at ends of the veins, numer- ous brown dots in the cells, all more or less confluent, in the outer medial field unusually extensive and suffusing the veins ; veins yellow, brown in the patterned areas. Venation : Sc moderately long, ScT ending about opposite one-fourth to one- fifth the length of Rs, Sc.2 faintly indicated to lacking; cell 1st M2 nearly as long as vein M1+2 beyond it ; m-cn from about two- fifths to three-fourths its length before the fork of M. Abdominal tergites yellowish brown to dark brown, still darker laterally, the surface more or less pruinose; sternites obscure brownish yellow to light brown. Habitat. — WYOMING. Holotype: $, Yellowstone National Park, August 25, 1934 (C. P. Alexander). Paratopotype: 1 $. The most similar described species is Limonia (Linwnia) ncUiana (Alexander) from an unknown station in Colorado. This is a larger fly, with broader wings and with vein Sc very short, SC-L ending opposite the origin of Rs. The structure of the male hypopygium of ncJliana shows that it is quite distinct from L. (L.) venusta (Bergroth) and allies. The discovery of the male sex of the present fly will be of much interest. Erioptera (Ilisia) polycantha new species Allied to sparsa; general coloration of mesonotum dark gray, Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 the posterior sclerites variegated with chestnut brown ; basal flagellar segments yellow ; legs yellow, the tips of the femora, tibiae and basitarsi infuscated ; wings yellow, spotted with brown; male hypopygium with the inner arm of the outer dis- tistyle terminating in a sharp recurved spine, on outer margin of base with several acute spinulose points ; phallosome with the lateral apophyses gradually narrowed to acute points. d\ Length about 5 mm. ; wing 6 mm. Rostrum and palpi browTnish black. Antennae with the scape and pedicel light brown, basal flagellar segments yellow, the outer ones infuscated; flagellar segments with the longest ver- ticils unilaterally distributed, exceeding the segments. Head brownish gray. Pronotum light brown medially, darker on sides ; scutellum and pretergites light yellow. Mesonotum chiefly dark gray, the praescutum with indications of a darker plumbeous gray central stripe; pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits black; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly dark gray, the posterior border of scutellum, most of the parascutella, and the broad lateral borders of the mediotergite more chestnut brown. Pleura chiefly brownish gray, the propleura extensively obscure yel- low, concolorous with the dorsopleural membrane. Halteres uniformly pale yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora, tibiae and basitarsi yellow, the tips infuscated, slightly more extensively so on femora ; remainder of tarsi dark brown. Wings with the ground color yellow, restrictedly but handsomely patterned with brown, including spots as follows : At h ; arculus ; origin of Rs ; Sc.2 ; marginal areas at ends of all longitudinal veins excepting R- and 1st A, largest at R1+2, R3 and 2nd A ; an oblique seam on anterior cord from C to r-ni, widest in front; other seams over m-cii, in and as a spot on basal section of M3; veins yellow, dark brown in the patterned fields. Venation : Sc.2 about opposite one-third Rs ; R.2 and R.2+3 subequal ; cell 1st M.2 elongate, the basal sec- tion of M3 more than twice m; ui-cn transverse, almost its own length before" the fork of M \ vein 2nd A nearly straight, the anal veins divergent. 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hy- popygium with the dististyles virtually terminal in position, the mesal portion of basistyle slightly produced beyond their bases. Outer dististyle profoundly bifid, the outer arm a long brown- ish yellow, paddle-like blade; inner arm blackened, gradually narrowed to a sharp recurved spine, on face of style before midlength with a strong black spine ; besides the above, outer margin of the basal half with four or five small erect spinulose points. Inner dististyle relatively narrow, entirely fleshy. Phallosome with the lateral apophyses appearing as broad black plates, gradually narrowed to acute points, the outer margin microscopically serrulate or roughened; inner apophyses ap- pearing as short slender black spines that are directed strongly laterad. Habitat. — WASHINGTON. Holotypc: <$, Quilcene, Jefferson Co., July 24, 1917 (A. L. Melander). The most similar species is Erioptera (Ilisia} sparsa Alex- ander, of California, which has the details of the male hypopy- gium, particularly the outer dististyle and the phallosome, en- tirely different. The unusually spinose inner arm of the outer style is distinctive. Ormosia (Ormosia) hispa new species Belongs to the manicata group ; general coloration of mesono- tum reddish brown, of pleura and abdomen more yellowed ; wings whitish subhyaline, the stigmal region faintly more dark- ened ; R2 very oblique ; male hypopygium with the tergal lobes unusually dilated ; phallosome very large, complex and heavily sclerotized; furcula widely expanded toward apex, deeply forked, the arms truncate at tips and provided with numerous microscopic spinulae ; near midlength of phallosome with a very high crest or flange. J1 Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 5.1 mm. ; antenna about 0.75 mm. Rostrum brownish yellow ; palpi medium brown. Antennae short ; scape light brown, pedicel large, pale yellow, flagellum Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 brown ; flagellar segments elongate, slightly dilated before mid- length and here provided with long conspicuous verticils, these exceeding the segments in length. Head light reddish brown. Pronotum and pretergites yellow. Mesonotum chiefly red- dish brown, the surface gray pruinose, especially on the pos- terior sclerites ; lateral portion of praescutum restrictedly more yellowed. Pleura chiefly reddish yellow. Halteres relatively elongate, stem pale yellow, knob weakly more darkened. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs broken. Wings whitish subhyaline, the prearcular and costal regions slightly more yellowed ; stigmal region faintly more darkened ; veins brown, yellow in the brightened fields. Venation : Sc^ ending just before the unusually oblique R2, Sc2 about opposite one-fifth to one-sixth the length of the long Rs; cell M2 open by the atrophy of the basal section of M3 ; m-cu close to the fork of M ; Anal veins divergent. Abdomen, including hypopygium, chiefly yellow. Male hy- popygium with the tergal lobes even more dilated than in man i cat a and allies. Both dististyles unusually narrow, the outer style arcuated, its distal half with microscopic setulae; inner style subequal in length, nearly straight, the length about six times the diameter at midlength, the apex obliquely trun- cated. Phallosome unusually large, complex and heavily sclero- tized ; furcula widely expanded at apex, the two arms with numerous microscopic spinulae, especially along the margins of the notch, the apices obliquely truncated ; at near midlength of phallosome with a very high crest or flange ; what appears to represent the aedeagus originates still more basad, bifurcate at its tip. Habitat. — WASHINGTON. Holot\pc: $, Puget, Thurston Co., July 4, 1925 (A. L. Melander). Ormosia (Ormosia) liispa is entirely different from the other species of the inanicata group, especially in the very distinct phallosome of the male hypopygium. The other species, O. (O.) inanicata Doane (dcviata Dietz, juscopyga Alexander) and O. (O.) uwdica Dietz (stylijcr Alexander) of North 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [JuilC, '45 America, and O. (O.) subdeviata Alexander, of Japan, are all much more closely allied among themselves. 0. (O.) pro- jnnda Alexander, of western North America, is even more isolated and generalized but from the structure of the phallo- some I believe should be referred to this group of Ormosia. Molophilus (Molophilus) distilobatus new species Belongs to the gracilis group, pnbipennis subgroup; general coloration of mesonotuni reddish brown, variegated with yel- low ; antennae short, the more proximal flagellar segments with very long verticils ; legs yellow, tips of femora and tibiae in- conspicuously darkened ; wings grayish yellow ; male hypopy- gium with the basistyle unusually long, the lobes lying far distad ; mesal lobe with the blackened spinous setae all near apex of lobe ; a supplementary slender flattened blade at edge of mesal lobe ; both dististyles pointed at their tips ; phallosome with long pale setae. <$. Length about 4.5 mm.; wing 5 mm.; antenna about 1.1 mm. Rostrum light brown ; palpi black. Antennae short ; basal segments yellow, outer ones passing into pale brown ; the more basal segments with unusually long verticils, the longest about twice the segments, those of the outer segments smaller; re- maining vestiture of segments abundant but pale and incon- spicuous. Head above chiefly dark brownish gray, the an- terior and posterior portions yellowed. Pronotum yellow, vaguely more darkened medially above; pretergites yellow. Mesonotum reddish brown, very sparsely pruinose, the humeral region extensively light yellow, the ex- treme lateral borders back to the suture very narrowly so ; scutellum infuscated, its posterior border narrowly obscure yellow ; postnotum infuscated, the suture between mediotergite and pleurotergite conspicuously yellow. Pleura chiefly reddish brown, more heavily darkened on the anepistenmm, the re- mainder more or less variegated by yellow. Halteres with stem whitened, its outer portion weakly infuscated, apex of knob Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 light yellow. Legs with coxae reddish yellow ; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs yellow, the tips of the femora some- what extensively but very vaguely darkened, of the tibiae more narrowly so ; outer tarsal segments brownish black. Wings grayish yellow, the prearcular and costal fields clear light yel- low ; veins brownish yellow, macrotrichia brown. Venation : R2 virtually in alignment with r-m; petiole of cell M3 about twice m-cit ; vein 2nd A sinuous, narrowing the cell on outer half, ending about opposite one-third the length of the petiole of cell M3. Abdominal tergites brown, with narrowly pale posterior borders; sternites more yellowed. Male hypopygium with the basistyle unusually long, the lobes lying far distad, including both the ventral and mesal ones, both on the same general level and terminating before the tips of the dististyles. On edge of mesal lobe a small and relatively slender flattened lobe, its sur- face with rather numerous setae on the outer portion, the apex and inner edge of the blade glabrous; main portion of mesal lobe broad, with about 18 black spinous setae, all placed near the apex. Outer dististyle moderately curved, slender, nar- rowed to the acute tip, the outer margin with a few appressed spines. Inner dististyle longer, strongly bent beyond mid- length, narrowed to the long apical spine, the ventral margin of outer half with coarse conspicuous spines ; face of style near midlength with a few very long setae. Phallosome broad, sub- acute at apex, the surface with numerous long pale setae. Habitat. — OREGON. Holotypc: J\ Viento, Wasco Co., July 1, 1917 (A. L. Melander). From the other regional members of the pubipennis subgroup having short antennae in the male sex, the present fly differs somewhat conspicuously in the structure of the male hypopy- gium, particularly of the basistyle and its lobes. It is most similar to Molophilus (Molophilits} spiciilatus Alexander, yet entirely distinct. 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 Personals Dr. Nathan Banks. As of July first. Dr. Banks will re- tire from the position of Curator of Insects in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Dr. Banks will continue his work on the Neurop- teroids and on the Psammocharids. Personal mail should be addressed to 103 Norfolk Street, Holliston, Massachusetts. Dr. A. Glenn Richards, Jr. is relinquishing his Assistant Professorship of Zoology at the University of Pennsylvania to become an Associate Professor at Minnesota. He is to inaugu- rate a graduate course and research in Insect Physiology, to establish a research laboratory in insect physiology and to con- tinue the course in Insecticides. His new address, as of July 1st, is: Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Uni- versity of Minnesota, St. Paul 8, Minnesota. Dr. Richards, since 1942, has also served as the Recording Secretary of the American Entomological Society, and as Secre- tary of its Council, and brought to those offices discerning ability and tactful judgment, for which the thanks of the Society and of its members follow Dr. Richards to his new post. For his effective work on ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, — as a member of its Editorial Staff since 1942, and as Managing Editor from January 1944 to May 1945, — the NEWS wishes to express to Dr. Richards its grateful acknowledgement and thanks. The NEWS extends to him its best wishes for success and joy in his new field of activity. Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr., California's well known Cole- opterist, has retired and moved away from San Francisco ; also given up his research studies. His new address is 22 High Street, Watsonville, California. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Typhus in Naples: Typhus is a louse-borne disease which can be effectively controlled only as lice are exterminated. Shortly after its capture by the Allies, Naples was threatened by a serious epidemic. Thousands had lived in bomb-shelters with inadequate sanitary arrangements and the situation was ripe for an explosive outburst of the disease. The Rockefeller Foundation's typhus team, using their new method for applica- tion of insecticide without removing clothes, undertook the mass clelousing of the entire population. Forty delousing stations were established to which the people came by the thousands and tens of thousands. Men dusters cared for the boys and men, and a staff of women cared for the girls and women and the white DDT powder was applied directly by compressed air guns which swoshed it up trousers and skirts, down sleeves, into collars, seams, tucks and folds, wherever the insect or its eggs might cling. More than 1,300,000 were treated in Janu- ary alone, and Naples has a population of less than 1,000,000, which shows that some people came for more than one treat- ment. If well dusted, DDT will protect the body against lice for four to five weeks. The epidemic in Naples which might have taken thousands of lives collapsed with astonishing rapidity. Yellow Fever. Research in vellow fever is now beine* •• o carried on by the Rockefeller Foundation in seven localities out- side the United States, four of them in South America and three in Africa. In Villavicencio, Colombia, in an endemic yellow fever region, more than 2,000 animals have been trapped, ranging all the way from mice to wildcats and monkeys, and from birds to snakes and other reptiles. Immunity and inoculation tests gave posi- tive results in only two species — the monkey and the opossum. That is, antibodies against yellow fever were found in their bloodstreams, evidence that at some time past they had been infected with the virus. 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 In June 1944, the laboratory at Ilheus, Brazil, trapped a sick monkey, a marmoset. In its bloodstream were discovered not antibodies, but the active virus of yellow fever. The animal was seriously ill and soon died, and exhaustive laboratory tests showed conclusively that it had died of yellow fever. This episode is historically interesting, because it is the first time in any country that a wild animal has been picked up in its natural habitat suffering from yellow fever. It lends sup- port to the thesis that yellow fever is primarily a disease of jungle animals transmitted by jungle mosquitoes. But there are many questions still to be answered. How is jungle yellow fever transmitted to man? Where is the reservoir of the virus during the periods between epidemics? In brief, where does the sporadic infection come from and what keeps it going? From : THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION, A REVIEW FOR 1944. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF Under the above bead it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— Beebe, W.— Jean Henry Fabre. Tribula- tions of a naturalist and the courtship of the scorpion. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 213-33. (See also under Hy- menoptera and Arachnida.) Carpenter, F. M. — Carboni- ferous insects from the valley of Mazon Creek, 111. [Illi- nois Sta. Mus., Sci Pap.] 3: 20 pp., ill. (*). Endicott, A.- Preliminary survey of insects visiting goldenrod in Itasca Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 Park, Minn. [Proc. Minn. Acad. Sci.] 11 : 28. MacCreary, D. — Some ectoparasites, excluding Ixodoidea, of Delaware mammals. [12] 38: 126-27. de Oliveira, S. J.— Dicloro- difenil-tricloroetana (DDT) no combate as brocas de livros : Dorcatoma bibliophagum e Catorama herbarium (Anob). [105] 15: 325-28. Reeks & Smith.— List of some forest insects of Newfoundland. [Scadian Nat., N. Brunswick] 2 (5): 1-17. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Beebe, W. -Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur. Why ants have wings. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 39-44. Cragg & Ram- age. — Chemotropic studies on the blow-flies Lucilia sericata and L. caesar. [116] 36: 168-75. Day, M. F.— Corpus allatum of the sheep ked. [5] 50: 1-8 (1943). Gold- schmidt, R. B. — Podoptera, a homoeotic mutant of Droso- phila and the origin of the insect wing. [68] 101 : 389-90. Harrington, C. D. — Biological races of the pea aphid. [12] 38: 12-22. Hartman, C. G. — How Odynerus suspends her egg- [5] 51: 1-4, 1944. Hartman, C. G., et al.— Notes on the habits of Osmia georgica as ascertained by tile glass- tube method. [5] 51: 162-65 (1944). Ludwig, D.— Ef- fects of atmospheric humidity on animal life. [23] 18: 103- 35. Marvin, P. H. — Effectiveness of macrocentrus ancyli- vorus reared from strawberry leaf roller in parasitizing oriental fruit moth. [12] 38: 119. Milne, A. — Ecology of of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus. Seasonal activity in Britain with particular reference to northern England. Host availability and seasonal activity. [116] 36: 142-52; 153-57. Parman, et al. — Overwintering ecology of the screw worm, Cochliomyia americana — a symposium (5 papers). [12] 38: 66-9"0. Schneirla, T. C.— Army-ant be- havior pattern : Nomad-statary relations in the swarmers and the problem of migration. [92] 88: 166-93. Sommer- man, K. M. — Bionomics of Ectopsocus pumilis (Corrod.). [5] 50: 53-64 (1933), ill. Sulkin, S. E.— Recovery of equine encephalomyelitis virus (Western type) from chicken mites. [68] 101 : 3*81-83. Tshernov, O.— Biological peculiarities of nymphs of Ephemeroptera on which sterlets of dvina feed. [Zool. Jour., Moscow] 23: 216-20. (Russian with Eng. Sum.) Vellard, J. — Cuatro conferencias sobre ani- males venenosos. [Inst. Univ. Pas Paris en Buenos Aires] 71 pp. Wellington, W. G. — Conditions governing the dis- tribution of insects in the free atmosphere. [4] 77: 7-15. 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 ARACHNIDA & MYRIOPODA— Beebe, W.— (See under General.) Bishopp & Trembley. — Distribution and hosts of certain N. Amer. ticks. [17] 31: 1-54. Bryant, E. B. — Notes on Dictyolathys maculata (Araneae). [5] 50: 83-86 (1943). Three species of Coleosoma from Flor- ida. [5] 51: 51-58, ill. (1944). Crane, J.— Spiders of the family Salticidae from Brit. Guinana and Venez. [18] 30: 33-42, ill. (*). Goodnight, C. J. & M. L.— Duas esp. nov. de opilioes Sul-Americanos. [105] 15: 332-34, ill. Loornis, H. F. — Millipeds principally collected by Prof. H. E. Shel- ford in the eastern and southeastern states. [5] 51 : 166- 77, ill. (1944) (*). Milne, A. — (See under physiology.) Turk, F. A. — Studies of Acari. II. Descr. of new sp. and notes on established forms of parasitic mites. [116] 36: 133-41, ill. SMALLER ORDERS AND ORTHOPTERA— Banks, N. — New Neuroptera and Trichoptera from the U. S. [5] 50: 74-81 (1943). Carpenter, F. M.— Notes on Nearctic Neuroptera. [5] 49: 49-51 (1942). (See also under Gen- eral.) da Costa Lima, A. — Sobre dois fosseis da bacia terciaria de Fonseca (Alvinopolis — Minas Gerais). [15] 16: 291-92, ill. Emerson, A. E. — Kolotermes milleri, n.sp. of termite from the Florida keys and Jamaica. [5] 50: 18- 22 (1943). Milne & Milne.— Caddis flies (trich.) and pitcher plants. [5] 51: 179-82 (1944). Prince, F. M.- Description of three new sp. of Dactylopsylla and one new subsp. of Foxella, with records of other species and genera (Siphonaptera). [4] 77: 15-20, ill. Sommerman, K. M. — (See under physiology.) Strohecker, F. H. — An Ammo- baenetes from Nevada (Gryllacrid). [5] 51: 147-50, ill. (1944). Steyskal, G. C. — Notes on Nallachius americanus (Dilar., Neur.). [5] 51: 183-84 (1944). HEMIPTERA — Callan, E. McC.— Cacao stink-bugs in Trinidad (Pentatomid). [105] 15 : 321-24. Drake ^Har- ris.— New Pheumatobates from Brazil, with a note on R. imitator (Gerrid). [105] 15: 269-72. ill. Fennah, R. G.- New species of Bothriocera (Cixiid) from the Lesser An- tilles. [5] 50: 9-17 (1943). Usinger, R. L.— Annectant genus of Cimicoidea from Baltic amber. [5] 49: 41-47 (1943). Wygodzinsky, P. — Additional notes on the Bra- zilian sps. of gen. Aradus. Notas sobre Reduvioidea. [105] 15: 326-31, ill.; 342-51, ill. LEPIDOPTERA— Beebe & Fleming.— Sphingidae of Kartabo, Br. Guiana and Caripito. Venezuela. [18] 30: 1- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 6. Clench, H. K. — Lycaenidae of the Bahama Is. [5] 49: 52-60 (1942). New Calisto from Hispaniola and Cuba. [5] 50: 23-29 (1943). Notes on Calisto. [5] 50: 115 (1943). Gorham, R. P. — Lepidoptera (moths) taken in and near Fredericton, N. B. [Acadian Nat. N. Brunswick] 2 (5) : 52-66. Lichy, R. — Documents pour servir a 1'etude des lepidopteres du Venezuela. 2. Terias gratiosa (Pei- erid). Documents pour servir a 1'etude des Sphingidae du Venezuela 6. Madoryx oiclus. [46] 3: 193-94; 195-202, ill. Loveridge, A. — Wings of the mourning cloak butter- fly snipped by ant. [5] 51: 178 (1944). Nabokov, V.- New or little known nearctic Neonympha. [5] 49: 61-80 (1943). Female of Neonympha maniola. [5] 50: 33 (1943). Nearctic forms of Lycaeides. [5] 50:87-99 (1943). Notes on the morphology of the genus Lycaeides. [5] 51 : 104-38, ill. (1944). DIPTERA — Alexander, C. P. — New Nearctic craneflies. [4] 77 : 1-6. New or little-known Tipulidae from Vene- zuela.V. [46] 3 : 171-92. Records & descr. of Brazilian Tipulidae. XI. Two undescr. sps. of Psychodid diptera from Tropical Amer. [105] 15: 292-312; 313-17. Records & descr. of N. Am. crane flies. V. Tipuloidea of Grand Teton Nat. Park & Teton Nat. Forest, Wyo. [119] 33: 391-439, ill. (*). Baker, E. W.— Studies on the Mexican fruitfly known as Anastrepha fraterculus. [12] 38: 95-100. Barnes, R. C. — Anopheles walkeri in diurnal shelters in Massachusetts. [12] 38: 114. Bequaert, J. — Notes on Hippoboscidae. 18. The genus Chypteromyia ; with the descr. of a n.sp. [5] 49: 108-17 (1942). Further studies of the Tabanidae of Trinidad. [5] 51: 12-21 (k), (1944). Bromley, S. W. — Bee-killing asilids in N. England. [5] 49: 81-83 (1943). Brues, C. T.— N. Amer. species of Chaetopleuromorpha (Phorid). [5] 50: 50-52 (1943). New neotropical Phoridae. [5] 51: 151-61 (1944). Eyles & Burgess. — Anopheles walkeri in S. Carolina. [12] 38: 115. Hull, F. M. — New species of Syrphidae from the neo- tropical region. [5] 49: 84-107 (1942). Studies on Syr- phid flies in the Mus. Comp. Anat. [5] 51: 22-45 (1944). Revisional study of the fossil Syrphidae. [26] 95: 251-353, ill. (*). Some n.sps. of genus Salpinogaster (Syrphid). [46] 3: 165-70 (S). Johannsen, O. A. — Noxious species of Phlebotomus in the Okefenokee Swamp, Ga. [5] 50: 112- 13 (1943). Lane, J. — As esp. Neotropical do gen. Clino- helea (Ceratopog.) Zoogeography of Neotropical Ano- 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ June, '45 phelini (Culicid). [105] 15: 249-61; 262-68 (*). Schoof & Schell. — Survival of anopheline larvae and pupae in muck. [12] 38: 113-14. Stone, A.— Notes on gen. Tri- choprosopon (Culicid). [105] 15: 335-41 (S). Thurman, Ogden & Eyles. — United States record for Culex interroga- tor. [12] 38: 115. COLEOPTERA— Monte, O.— Sobre Coleopteros Otido- cephalinae. [105] 15: 318-20 (*). Patterson & Hatch.- Annotated list of the Scolytoidea of Washington. [Univ. Wash. Pub., Biol.] 10: 147-54. Werner, F. G.— Rev. of the gen. Pleomorpha. Three n.sp. of Cebrio. [5] 50: 30-32, 34—36 (1943). New N. Amer. species of Epicauta. [5] 50: 65-73 (1943). HYMENOPTERA— Banks, N.— Two new genera in Psammocharidae. [5] 50:82 (1943). Beebe, W.— Thomas Belt. Driver ants. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 151-59. Maurice Maeterlinck. The Swarm. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 197-212. (See also under Anatomy.) Benson, R. B. -Blasticotomidae in the miocene of Florissant, Colorado. [5] 49 : 47^8 (1942). Buren, W. F.— New fungus growing ant from Mexico. [5] 51: 5-7 (1944). Enzmann, E. V.- Systematic notes on the genus Pseudomyrma. [5] 51 : 49- 103, ill. (1944), (k*). Haeussler, G. J.— Gambrus stokesii, an Australian parasite of codling moth and oriental fruit moth. [12] 38: 103-06. Hartman, C. G.— (See under Physiology.) Michener, C. D. — New bee of the genus Heriades from Panama. [5] 50: 109-11 (1943). Moure, J. — Notas sobre Abelhas da Colecao Zikan. II. (Apoid.) [105] 15: 273-91 (*). Rau, P.— Appearance of Vespula squamosa in Missouri. [5] 50: 114 (1943). Wasps feed- ing on comb honey. [5] 51 : 50 (1944). Schneirla, T. C.- (See under Physiology.) LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 4. — Canadian Entom. 5. — Psyche, Jour, of Entom. 12. -Jour. Economic Entom. 15. — Anais Acad. Brasil. Cien., Rio. 17. — Jour. Parasitology. 18. — Zoologica, New York. 23. — Physiological Zool. 26. — Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool. 46. — Bol. Entom. Venezolana. 68. — Science, New- York. 92.— Biological Bull. 105.— Rev. Entomol. R. d. Janeiro. 116. — Parasitology, London. 119. — Amer. Mid- land Nat. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted — Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, 2>l/2 and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Lijc Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. V ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JULY 1945 Vol. LVI v:. I -.3. U.S. HATL No. 7 CONTENTS Edmunds — Ovoviviparous mayflies of the genus Callibaetis Chamberlin — Two new centipeds from Trinidad 1 Hebard — Species and races of Hesperotettix in Utah 175 Rodeck — Two new subgenera of Nomada 1 79 Hull— New syrphid flies 182 Henderson — Additional notes on Papilio ponceana 187 Personals 189 Notes and News in Entomology 189 Entomological Literature 190 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. 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THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVI JULY, 1945 No. 7 Ovoviviparous Mayflies of the Genus Callibaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) By GEORGE F. EDMUNDS, JR., University of Utah, Salt Lake City Of the several records of the occurrence of ovoviviparity in the genus Callibaetis, Nedham and Murphy (1924) were first to record the phenomenon in the species Callibaetis vivipara. Needham and Murphy of Brazil. Doctor Osgood Smith (Need- ham, Traver, Hsu, 1935) reported a single female of Callibaetis sp. as containing well developed nymphs. Berner (1941) de- scribed this condition in C. floridanus Banks and C. pretiosus Banks from Florida and Callibaetis sp. from Michigan and gave an excellent description of the nymph within the chorion and after its liberation which occurs at approximately the time of ovopositing. Clocon diptcnnn Linn., the only ovoviviparous mayfly reported in a genus other than Callibaetis, \vas recorded by Von Siebold as early as 1837. The author was first attracted to this study in 1943 when he noticed how rapidly Callibaetis claudiac Edmunds * established itself in temporary pools. Several female imagos were dis- sected and some were found to contain eggs with well developed nymphs in them. The nymphs wrere carefully studied and found to agree with Berner's description of the nymph of C. floridanns Banks. Each specimen was found to contain 400 to 450 eggs. It was noted that the eggs of newly emerged imagos do not fill the abdominal cavity, thus considerable room is left for growth. * This species is in the process of being described by the author. The description will appear in a future issue of this journal. (169) 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 In Salt Lake City, September 21, 1944, Callibaetis montanus Eaton was observed ovopositing in puddles of waste sprinkling water that had accumulated on an asphalt pavement. This water had been standing only a few hours, yet there were a number of tiny white nymphs clearly visible against the black pavement. The eggs hatched within a few minutes after touch- ing the water and the tiny nymphs began moving about in the shallow puddle. Several females were collected from the sur- face of the water at the time. One of these has two eggs con- taining well developed nymphs still clinging to the egg valve. The addition of these two species to those previously re- ported increases the number in the genus known to be ovovivip- arous to six or possibly seven species, depending on whether the New York (Smith) and Michigan (Berner) specimens were of the same or of different species. Thus, Berner's as- sumption that most if not all of the North American species of the genus are normally ovoviviparous is strengthened by these observations. Berner noted the correlation of ovoviviparity and longevity in mayflies. He kept a female of Callibaetis floridanus Banks alive for eight days, and European workers have kept a female of Cloeon dipterum Linn, for twenty-one days. In June, 1944, the author kept two females of Callibaetis claudlae Edmunds alive in a flask for ten days and believes their death to have been due to desiccation rather than to any other cause. Berner states, and the author agrees, that this time is more than suf- ficient for the development of the eggs. This extended longevity of the females coupled with the com- paratively short life of the male produces a peculiar sex ratio in nature. Although the males are by far the most active, field collecting usually produces an overwhelming majority of fe- males. Even though the author has made special efforts to collect male specimens, females are predominant in the collec- tion at an eight to one ratio. Thus the fact that a considerable number of species are known only from female specimens seems to be further evidence of ovoviviparity throughout the genus. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 Conclusions 1. It is probable that all species of the genus Callibaetis are ovoviviparous. 2. Longevity is necessarily correlated with ovoviviparity in the order Ephemeroptera. 3. The sexual ratio of an ovoviviparous species of Ephemer- optera is abnormal due to the longevity of the female and the comparatively short life of the male. REFERENCES CITED BERNER, LEWIS. 1941. Ovoviviparous mayflies in Florida. Florida Ent. 24; 2: 32-34. NEEDHAM, J. G., and MURPHY, H. E. 1924. Neotropical mayflies. Bull. Lloyd Lib. 24, Ent. ser. 4: 1-79, pis. 1-13. NEEDHAM, J. G., TRAVER, J. R., and Hsu, Y. 1935. The biology of mayflies. Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, New York. Two New Centipeds from Trinidad By RALPH V. CHAM BERLIN, University of Utah The types of the two new centipeds described in this article are part of a collection made by A. H. Strickland on Trinidad in the period from Nov. 23, 1943, to Mar. 1, 1944. This col- lection was sent for identification by Mr. C. F. W. Muesebeck of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. The types of the new species are at present retained by the author. In addition to the new forms here described there were in the collection specimens of Lamyctinus coccitlus Brolemann (St. Augustine), Lamyctcs sp. (St. Augustine), and Itypliilits gni- anensis Chamberlin (Sangre Grande), and of the millipeds Siphonotns piirpurcus Pocock and Docodesmus trinidadcnsis Chamberlin. Newportia oligopla, new species Cephalic plate with two fine longitudinal sulci diverging for- 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 ward from caudal margin as shown in the figure. (Fig. 1.) Antennae compound of 17 articles; the first two articles and most of the third sparsely setose, the remaining articles, includ- ing distal portion of the third, more densely clothed with fine short hairs. Basal plate with a transverse semicircular sulcus which is some- what angled at the middle where there is a pit-like depression. Paired longitudinal sulci run from the caudal margin forward, each furcate behind the transverse sulcus at which the branches Figure 1. Neivportia oligopola. trinidadense. Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. Leucolimim Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 end. (See fig. 1.) Paired longitudinal sulci present on ter- gites from the second to the twenty-second inclusive. Prosternal margin with a narrow, gently convex rim on each side, the two halves meeting in an obtuse, reentrant angle at the middle. A single seta a little caudad of the margin on each side. Claws of normal size. Tarsi of anterior legs not divided. Tibiae of anterior legs with a spine at distal end in anterodorsal position, but with no ventral spine. Pseudopleural processes moderately long and slenderly acumi- nate, each terminating in a single point or spine, and with no lateral spine. Poriferous area large, reaching to tergite on each side. Femur of anal legs with a series of four stout teeth below. Patella with a single tooth at base on mesal side and a much smaller one on ventral face distad of middle. Tibia unarmed, much thicker than first article of tarsus, in length about equal to the first article of the tarsus. Tarsus clawless, composed of eleven long articles of which all but the first are subequal in length, the first decidedly thicker than the others and about equal in length to two and a half of those following it. Length of largest specimen, 26 mm. Locality — TRINIDAD, B. W. I.: St. Augustine, in soil of Savannah land, taken between 23rd Nov., 1943, and 1st Mar., 1944. Distinguished from other species in which the cervical sulcus is angled and has a pit at middle in having no ventral spine on anterior tibiae and tarsi and in having four teeth on the femur. Genus Leucolinum, new This genus is placed tentatively in the Ballophilidae along with the apparently related and imperfectly known Taciiioliiiiiin. occurring on St. Vincent. It agrees with the latter genus in having the ventral pores diffuse instead of concentrated in a sharply limited circular or oval area. It is readily distinguished from Taeniolinum in having the antennae slender and filiform 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July< '45 instead of short, thick and attenuated. The Panamican Lep- tynophilns also agrees with these two genera in having non- clavate, non-geniculate antennae but differs in having its ventral pores in a sharply defined elliptic area. Lcucolinuin agrees with other members of the family in having the labral margin smooth and wholly lacking teeth over the median arc. Last ventral plate broad. Coxopleurae each with a single pore. Anal legs clawless. Generotypc: Lcucolinuin trinidadense, new species. Leucolinum trinidadense, new species This is a pale, almost white, soil-dwelling form. Head and antennae of forms shown in figs. 2 and 3. No frontal suture evident. Palpi of second maxillae with claws reduced as shown in fig. 4. Prebasal plate not exposed. Prehensors with joints unarmed; claws rather small, un- armed, when closed scarcely exceeding the anterior margin of head. Chitinous lines not apparent on the prosternum. Dorsal scuta bisulcate. Ventral plates with not definitely defined porigerous area. Anal legs clawless ; the articles proportioned as shown in fig. 5. Last ventral plate broad. Coxopleurae each apparently with a single pore of moderate size, the limiting rim of which is not sharply sclerotized. Pairs of legs, 37. Length, 9 mm. Locality — TRINIDAD: St. Augustine. Several specimens taken in soil ("detrital silt") from Savannah land between the 23rd of November, 1943, and the first of March, 1944. Col- lector, A. H. Strickland. K'i, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 The Species and Races of Hesperotettix in Utah (Orthoptera : Acrididae, Cyrtacanthacridinae) By MORGAN HEBARD, Research Fellow, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia A study of Hesperotettix as found in Utah, based on the col- lections of the Utah State Agricultural College, has recently been published by my friend the late Professor W. W. Hender- son.1 Reliance on past literature, much too often misleading or actually incorrect, has in that study largely led to a number of serious errors. Extensive collections made by J. A. G. Rehn and the author in Utah, and a number of other important though small series, enable me to list the species and races of the genus in question, though time at present is not available to revise this difficult genus and analyze its species and races which occur west of the Rocky Mountains. The following alone include parts of Utah in their distribu- tion. Hesperotettix viridis viridis (Thomas), 1872. Synonym established by Hebard 1935, jest ir us Scudder, 1897. Probably present throughout Utah in better watered areas up to (rarely above) 6000 feet, but there found in the more arid environment, usually on Snakeweed, Gutierrczia sp., as ob- served by Henderson. Usually locally abundant, adults are taken as early as June 13, but are in greatest numbers after mid-summer. The species is highly variable, size, brilliancy and intensity of marking differing widely, largely if not entirely in keeping with the luxuriance and green through light yellowish brown to brown color of the plants in which it lives. Henderson has recorded viridis viridis from nineteen Utah counties and has cited much literature, previous records being erroneous from Iowa, where it is supplanted by viridis prutcnsis Scudder, and from New Jersey, where the even more distinc- 1 Great Basin Nat., Ill, pp. 9 to 21 (1942). 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 tive viridis brevipennis alone occurs. Our Utah material was taken at elevations between 2500 and 6500 feet, and is from Logan, Mantua, Box Elder Canyon, Ogden reservoir, Sunset, Salt Lake City, Maple Peak, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Morris, Deseret, Leeds, Washington, Middleton, Harrisburg, Santa Clara, Kanab, Zion Canyon, St. George and the western slope of the Beaver Dam Mountains. This race is absent from most of the desert portions of western Utah, where the genus is rarely encountered, and is known as yet only from the few widely separated localities here given. The present race is particularly widespread and abundant as well as generally distributed over the Great Plains and South- west. West of Utah different phases occur, apparently at- tributable to influences on viridis viridis of immediate environ- ment or even adaptation to certain different types of food plant. Whether or not some of these warrant description as previously unrecognized races cannot at present be decided. Hesperotettix viridis pratensis Scudder, 1897 (atypic to- ward viridis viridis). Reduced to race of viridis by Hebard in 1931. Maple Peak, outlying Wasatch Mountains back of Salt Lake City, 5000 to 6500 feet, ix, 7, 1909 (Rehn and Hebard), 2^, 4$. Typical over wide areas of the mid-west and eastern border of the Great Plains, but often locally distributed even there, this race occurs even more locally in parts of Wyoming, all but Western Colorado and New Mexico, southern Idaho " and southeastern Oregon.- Far distant from its other western limits, a condition apparently referable to this race, and the only development of viridis there existing, populates locally the mountains to the Pacific Coast at the extreme southwestern portion of California. Divergence toward or integradation with viridis viridis is shown by atypic material of viridis pratensis before me from - But often slightly to definitely atypic there. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177 southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, narrowly on the Great Plains where these races meet, in Montana and at some locali- ties in Wyoming and Colorado, at the locality in Utah here recorded, and locally on the Pacific Coast from southern British Columbia to northern California. Hesperotettix viridis nevadensis Morse, 1903. Synonym established by Hebard in 1931, gillettei Bruner, 1904, who in 1929 first placed it as a race of nevadensis but referred it to racial status under viridis in 1931. As I feared, and as is now seen, the series recorded by Hend- erson as curtipennis, later sent me through his kind cooperation, represents viridis nevadensis. His observations, given under the latter name in the same paper, almost postulated this. Ten Utah counties are represented. Widespread and often locally abundant in Utah, this race often supplants viridis viridis where aridity has become pro- gressively more decided, and is in turn supplanted by the much more local and less numerous viridis termius in the extensive desert areas of large western portions of the State. My series, taken up to 7750 feet (Red Canyon), is from Tintic, Orr's Ranch in Skull Valley, Clear Creek divide in Pavant Range 7250 feet, Dog Valley in Pavant Range at 5900 feet, Marysvale at 6000, Kanosh, Beaver Canyon in Tushar Range at 6400, Parowan Summit in Iron County, Red Canyon southeast in Paunsagunt Plateau, Glendale, Bellevue and the Beaver Dam Mountains at 4650 to 5000 feet. There is very great variation in degree of reduction of the organs of flight present in series rather than in individuals of the same series. The pair from Marysville, Utah, show such reduction to an extreme degree, the tegmina being small lanceo- late pads differing from those of viridis termius only in that their apices are not truncate. Thus strongest convergence toward that race is indicated. I have found viridis nevadensis in western Colorado, abundant from southern Idaho through Utah and Nevada (where it is, 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 however, local, often separated by considerable intervals in the desert areas), very scarce in central-eastern and southeastern Oregon, and present, but in even less numbers, in southwestern Oregon east of the Sierras and a small adjacent area in Cali- fornia. Intergradation with viridis viridis is particularly indicated in some series from central southwestern Montana and southern Idaho. Hesperotettix viridis termius Hebard, 1917. Described as a race of nevadensis, I referred it instead to viridis in 1931. I have this race only from Milford at 4900 to 5000 feet (type locality), Pintura, Frisco at 6300, White Sage Valley at 6600 and Marysvale (one female), Utah. From outside of Utah I have material from very widely separated localities in arid southern Nevada and California only as far west as the Argus Range. The small size and truncate tegmina (usually weakly obtuse- angulate emarginate at the end of the humeral trunk) are con- spicuous features. As Hesperotettix pad fie its Scudder is peculiar to coastal southern California and so is absent everywhere east of the Sierra Nevada, it is unfortunate that Henderson reported his series of viridis termius from Utah as that insect. I have series of Hesperotettix curtipennis Scudder from southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico and north- ern Arizona (where the Grand Canyon is its northern limit). Though the series so reported by Henderson is all representa- tive of viridis termius, as I find from examination of that entire series, it is almost certain that curtipennis will be found in extreme southeastern Utah. Thus the Utah forms of Hesperotettix are : viridis viridis, viridis pratensis, viridis nevadensis, viridis termius, and prob- ably curtipennis. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 Two New Subgenera of Nomada Scopoli (Hym. : Apoidea) * HUGO G. RODECK, University of Colorado Museum.f Boulder, Colorado Holonomada Robertson 1903, Can. Ent., 35 : 177 (new genus, type Nomada superba Cresson). Robertson's Holonomada received its name from the entire seventh male tergite, and was characterized in addition by the third antennal segment exceeding the fourth in length. While snperba was designated as the type, the listed species included N. vincta Say, which is hereunder designated the type of Pachy- •nouiada new subgenus, and placida Cresson which is in the present paper included in Callinomada new subgenus. When restricted to the snperba type of insect, Holonomada is perfectly valid as a subgenus, but it cannot at present be considered a genus by the writer. A synopsis of the subgenus, for compari- son with the subsequently proposed new subgenera, is as follows : Holonomada Robt. Large (11-15 mm.), vernal (May-July), sexually monomor- phic species of robust form. Ground color of insects black, sometimes ferruginous. Eyes considerably convergent below in facial aspect, more so in females. Both sexes usually with light facemarks. Punctures of mesonotum moderately coarse, dense, and subuniform. Dorsum of prothorax rounded-cari- nate, considerably below level of mesonotum. Sides of pro- podcum u'ith prominent projecting angles just behind the pro- podeal spiracle, most readily seen in profile from diagonally above. Hair of head and thorax moderately long and abund- ant. Scape of male antennae robust but not globular. Seg- ment 3 of antennae subequal to or longer than segment 4. * Extracted from a thesis accepted by the University of Minnesota. t On leave of absence for military service. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 Basal vein usually slightly to considerably basad of transverse median, but sometimes somewhat apicad. Anterior coxae rather broad at apex, without spines. Apex of hind tibiae with a rather dense fringe of long, slender, usually golden bristles, similar in both sexes. Impunctate apical margins of abdominal terga extremely narrow. Seventh tergum of males rather long and narrow, tapering, apex rounded and entire. The characters in italics are those by which this subgenus may be distinguished from Pachynomada. Pachynomada new subgenus Type species, Notnada vincta Say 1837, present designation. Large (10-13 mm.), autumnal (Aug.— Sept.), sexually mono- morphic species of rather slender form. Ground color of in- sect usually red. Facial quadrangle nearly equilateral, eyes only slightly converging below. Females without yellow face- marks. Punctures of mesonotum fine, very dense and uniform. Dorsum of prothorax roundcd-carinate, only slightly depressed medially. Hair very short and sparse, nearly absent on meso- notum and (except adducta) on sides of propodeum. Scape of male antennae globular-swollen. Segment 3 of antennae slightly longer than segment 4. Basal vein interstitial with to slightly basad of transverse median. Anterior coxae narrow at apex, often with a low tubercle, but not spined. Apex of hind tibiae with 4—6 widely-spaced, short, acute spines, heavier in the female. Impunctate apical margins of abdominal tergites very narrow. Seventh tergum of males not very broad, taper- ing, rounded at tip, entire or minutely or very shallowly emargi- nate. Apparently allied to CaUinomada, but distinguished by the characters in italics. For comparison with Holonomada see italicized characters of that subgenus in the synopsis above. This subgenus is partially a segregate from Holonomada Robertson, receiving vincta Say and sebrata Cresson, which have been included in that group. N. besseyi Swenk belongs Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181 here, as does addncta Cresson. It has been the good fortune of the writer to find the male of N. victrLv Cockerell which likewise belongs in this subgenus, although it has in all the known specimens of both sexes only two submarginal cells. It is likely that N. morrisoni Cresson also belongs in this sub- genus although the writer has not yet had an opportunity to examine the genitalia. There are undoubtedly other species which should be included, but which have not yet come to at- tention. Callinomada new subgenus Type species, Nomada antouita Cockerell 1909, present desig- nation. Rather small (7-9 mm.), autumnal (Aug.-Sept.), sexually monomorphic species. Facial quadrangle nearly equilateral, eyes only slightly converging below. Punctures of mesonotum fine, very dense and uniform. Dorsnin of prothora.r sharp-carinate, produced upward at sides and depressed medially, anterior face more or less concave. Hair very short and sparse, nearly ab- sent on mesonotum and sides of propodeum. Antcnnal scape of males obconic, rather slender and curved. Segment 3 of antennae from about equal to distinctly longer than segment 4. Basal vein interstitial with to definitely apicad of transverse median. Anterior coxae with low, rounded or conical spine rudiments but not actually spined. J/v.r of hind tibiae with 3-5 very short, stunt, acute, straight spines. Impunctate apical margins of abdominal terga very narrow. Seventh tcrgiim of males broad, very broadly rounded, entire or minutely or very shallowly emarginate. Apparently allied to Paehynomada but distinguished by the characters in italics. This subgenus contains Nomada snowii Cresson, aqiiilarnm Cockerell, mutatis Cockerell, plaeida Cres- son, and verecunda Cresson, as well as the type, anlonita Cockerell. 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 New Syrphid Flies By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi This paper describes the new species and varieties of Syrphid flies which have accumulated during the last two years. Cerioides malleus n. sp. A small species with club shaped abdomen. Wing with a single brown spot at apex. Face with a thick armed yellow V, narrowly margined by brown. Male. Length 10 mm. Head: vertex, except for the area across and immediately after and before the ocelli and the upper part of the occiput which is brownish red, light yellow. The face and front and cheeks are light yellow, marked with brown- ish red, as follows : a small spot on the eye margin on the pos- terior part of the cheeks, a broad band from the lowest portion of the epistoma almost to the eye margins. Also there is an area reaching from the anterior tip of epistoma in the form of narrow linear vittae. These two vittae diverge on either side of the face at the same angle as the band of the lower face diverges and they continue to widen until they become con- fluent above with a broad, similarly colored area that occupies almost exactly one half the width of the face below the antennae, and which area also extends half the length of the face beneath the antennae. This upper block of reddish brown encloses the lower half of the short front; it contains just below its middle a pair of pale yellow ventrally rounded triangles narrowly separated from one another. Also the large red brown block sends a short, sharp, small projection into the yellow of the lateral portion of the face. Finally the yellow triangle which remains upon the lower half of the face is narrowly divided upon its upper portion by a linear brown stripe. The central area is enclosed by the brown. The cheeks and all of the lower portion of the face are silvery pubescent; the upper block of brown has minute brown patches bare of pubescence. The antennae are missing. The frontal prominence is completely Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 lacking in this species. Thorax: brownish red, a little darker upon the central portion of the mesonotum which, however, is not black, but is darker due to the very thick accumulation of microscopic black setae. The lateral half of the transverse suture is margined with pale yellow which continues down narrowly upon the posterior part of the mesopleura, across the middle of the sternopleura almost to touch the arcuate yellow stripe upon the upper part of sternopleura. There is a wider, pale yellow stripe across the middle of the metapleura. The humeri, the narrow subapical margin of the scutellum and a long slender, narrow margined vitta upon the posterior part of the mesonotum which runs from the suture slightly obliquely almost to post calli are pale yellow. The pile of the mesonotum, though exceedingly short, is all golden and the reddish color is overlaid especially laterally and particularly upon the pleura and upon the coxae as well as the legs with quite microscopic, silvery pubescence. Abdomen: club-shaped, rather short, the first two segments almost as long as the remaining three and greatly narrowed. The abdomen is narrowest just before the middle of the second segment, but the apex of that segment is considerably wider than its base which in turn is more narrow than the base of the first segment. The hypopygium is quite large, protuberant and bluntly rounded and not greatly smaller than the third segment. The third and fourth segment and the protuberant hypopygium form a large, oval, broadly rounded club. The abdomen is reddish brown, a little darker upon the third segment, its posterior margin laterally and narrowly, the whole posterior margin of the cylindrical second segment and the whole wider posterior margin of the third segment pale yel- low. There is an obscure, transverse, narrow7, dorsal and ven- tral fascia of yellow across the apical portion of the hypopygium. Legs: brownish red, the basal sixth of the hind femora and the basal portion of their tibiae pale yellow. The brown of the tibiae, however, extends almost to the base ventrally. The hind tarsi are lacking, the anterior tarsi quite dark reddish brown, the apical segment very pale, the middle tarsi light 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty* '45 brown. Wings: hyaline, veins pale brown. There is a sharp, acute bend in the third vein, somewhat less than a right angle; it is without spur and all of the remainder of the submarginal cell, after the completion of the bend, together with most of the marginal cell above it is light brown in color. Holotypc: one male. Rikatla, LOURENCO MARQUEZ (H. Junod) April 1915. In the Cornell University collection. Mallota separata n. sp. Flies with the male eyes separated narrowly ; abdomen black pilose beyond the second segment ; related to ^osticata Fabr. Male. Length 15 mm. Head: vertex protuberant, shining black and apparently quite bare. There is no evidence that pile has been denuded for there is yellow pile on the posterior part of this prominence and extensive, long, sulphur-yellow pile on the posterior part of the occiput. There is also a single row of long black hairs, widespread, nearer the eye margins and upon the occiput. The lateral half of the front is sparsely white pubescent with a few long white hairs and more black ones. The triangular, middle, anterior area of the front is polished, bare, black and with a linear, median crease on the upper half and a transverse crease across the lower middle. The eyes are definitely separated by from two to three times the width of the anterior ocellus. The face and cheeks are shining black, silver pubescent with silvery pile. The antennae are dark brown, the arista pale yellow, black apically, white at apex. Thorax: shin- ing brownish on the sides and anteriorly, due to pollen, the mesonotum is broadly black, except on the anterior margin. The pile of the mesonotum is light sulphur-yellow with only a few black hairs in the center. The scutellum is light brown with narrow blackish base, the pile is entirely sulphur-yellow ; there is similar pile upon the post calli and widely over the mesopleura, pteropleura and sternopleura. Abdomen: shining blackish with light yellow pile upon the first segment except its anterior corners ; the yellow pile is continued upon the base of the second segment, triangularly, and upon the basal half of the sides. The remaining pile of the abdomen is thick, long and - Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 entirely jet-black including that upon the hypopygium. Legs: all of the femora shining black, the tibiae very dark brown, the tarsi light reddish-brown. The pile of the hind femora, except a few inner basal hairs and their tibiae and tarsi, is entirely black. The femora are considerably thickened and arcuate, their ventral surface concave with a subapical, ventral pro- tuberance and black, bristly, tufted pile. The hind tibiae are flattened and somewhat arcuate, but without the thick, abundant black pile found in the middle of the ventral surface in posticata Fabricius. Wings: hyaline with a faint, small brown cloud near the origin of the second and third veins. Holotype: a male. Oxford, MISSISSIPPI, May, 1942, (F. M. Hull). Mesogramma arethusa n. sp. A small fly, the abdomen shining light orange brown, the third and fourth segments with four black vittae. Related to boscii Macquart. Male. Length 5.5 mm. Face and front yellow, the cheeks blackish behind, the vertex coppery red, shading into brassy, the vertical triangle metallic black. The upper pile of the vertex is entirely black and the very sparse pile of the front whitish. The first two antennal segments are pale brown, the third wholly light orange, the arista brown and rather thickened at the immediate base. The middle indentation of the occiput marked ; the occiput is bluish black with silvery pubescence and pile of which there are several rows. Thorax: blackish and brassy brown before the scutellum and with some evidence of similar vittae but the mesonotum is however discolored. The humeri are dark brown, linearly yellowish behind ; the mesonotal margin between the humeri and the transverse suture is wholly black but dull yellowish bro\vn behind the suture and over the post calli and again upon the margin of the scutellum ; disc of scutellum greenish black. The upper sternopleura and the posterior half of the mesopleura is yellow, only the former white pubescent; propleura black. Abdomen: narrowly oval 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 with nearly parallel sides ; shining black. The extreme an- terior corners of the first segment and a median, medially sub- interrupted and sublaterally subinterrupted fasciae are orange in color. Third and fourth segments are shining orange brown; down the middle run two slender, linear, narrowly separated, anteriorly divergent vittae reaching the base of the segments. The posterior corners of these segments are black and from the medial, anterior angle of this black area a wider vitta reaches forward the full length of the segment and from the outer anterior angle of this same black there runs along the margin of the segment a diminishing extension of the black ending rather sharply at about one-third of the distance from the base of the segment. The fifth segment has a slender medial vitta and a wider sublateral one on either side. The hypopygium is orange brown with a prominent, sharply delineated, shining black spot to the right. Legs: pale brownish yellow, the hind femora with a wide, distinct, black band occupying most of the posterior half except the apex. The hind tibiae are blackish except the ex- treme apex and the narrow base, their tarsi dark brown, the second and third segments barely lighter. Wings: hyaline, stigmal cell dilute brown. Female. The front is metallic bluish black, minutely wrinkled but not striate ; vertex similar to male ; frontal pile blackish, the margins of the front linearly yellow, face yellowish with a divergent, obscure brownish stripe beginning just below the antennae ; third antennal segment dark brown on at least the upper half. T/iora.r: mesonotum and scutellum and pleura similar to male. Abdomen: wider, more oval, the fascia of the middle of the second segment scarcely interrupted sublaterally and not at all medially. Medial vittae of third and fourth seg- ments rather more extensively produced upon the lateral an- terior ends of these vittae. The whole anterior portion of these vittae is somewhat larger and the lateral margin of all of the segments is black throughout, least so upon the second segment at the ends of the yellow fascia. The yellow of the abdomen is less of an orange color, has a rather extensive opaque pattern Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 which comprises most of the vittae except their narrow posterior apices. Legs and ivings: similar to the male, the stigmal cell almost hyaline. Holotypc: a male, from Englewood, FLORIDA (J. G. Need- ham). Allotype: one female, Englewood, Florida. The pattern of the female suggests boscii Macquart but be- sides the lateral and sublateral vittae posteriorly, it also differs in the divergent stripe of the face and the hind tibiae which are blackish almost throughout. Furthermore, the notopleura are black, and in boscii are yellow vittate. The male of arethtisa differs even more from the male of boscii Macq. (To be continued) Additional Notes on Papilio Aristodemus Ponceana Schaus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) By W. F. HENDERSON, Chicago, Illinois The article in the February (1945) issue of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS brought in several memoranda concerning ponceana. One of these was in the form of a correction concerning speci- men No. 24 in the published table, but the other memoranda brought information in regard to additional specimens. All suggestions have been followed up and in so far as replies have been received, the following notes bring the data concerning ponceana up to date : No. 24. A correction should be made in the table as pub- lished in February: Locality: Key Largo, Florida; Date: August, 1943; Present Possessor: R. Chermock, Coral Gables, Florida. Additional specimens: No. 25. ^. Miami, Florida; May 21. - - Wm. Schaus. Specimen now in the collection at Cornell University. Ithaca, New York. This specimen bears an authentic label indicating its possession by Jacob Doll, but Dr. W. T. M. Forbes is of the opinion that it is another one of the original Schaus specimen.-,. 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty? '45 There is no year of capture indicated on the label. Cornell University received this specimen from the collection of Addi- son Ellsworth (Johnson City, N. Y.), whose record book shows that he obtained it from William Reiff. No. 26. c?. No. 27. $. Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida ; May, 1935; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe; Present Possessor: R. Chermock, Coral Gables, Florida. No. 28. 5- Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; May 28, 1935; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. (Believed to be a bred speci- men.) No. 29. J. Same data as No. 28 except date: May 30. 1935. No. 30. 5. Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; May 19, 1936 (bred) ; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. No. 31. <$. Same as No. 30 except date: June 10, 1936 (bred). No. 32. 5. Key Largo, Florida; June 24, 1940; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. No. 33. <$. Key Largo, Florida; May 18, 1941; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. Specimens 28-33 inclusive are in the possession of Mr. Kent H. Wilson, Fort Worth, Texas. This brings the total number of specimens up to 33, the last recorded capture being in August, 1943. The writer wishes to express his thanks to those who have so kindly cooperated in making this record more complete, and it is hoped that any other collectors who have ponceana will write in and report them. Personals Dr. Andrey Avinoff, Director of the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh since 1926, has resigned for reasons of health. The title of emeritus has been conferred upon him. Dr. Joseph C. Bequaert has been appointed head curator of recent insects at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 Entomologists of Netherlands Indies. According to Dr. J. C. Bradley, information received from the Netherlands Red Cross is to the effect that, as of 28 October, 1943, Jacobus Van der Vecht was a military internee of the Java camp. They have no information concerning Dr. J. G. Betrem, who, at the out- break of hostilities, was Agricultural Entomologist in Semarang, Java. Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. How Long Do Entomologists Live? An examination of Mathilde M. Carpenter's "Bibliography of Biographies of En- tomologists" (American Midland Naturalist, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 1-116, 1945), discloses among other things, the birth and death dates for 2,187 entomologists born between 372 B.C. and 1920. Both amateur and professional entomologists are included and although some of the entomologists had other occupations, the list as it stands may be considered as representing an occupa- tional group of white males for the entire world, and the mor- tality of the subjects as being due to all causes. It is of interest to note that the average age at death for the entire 2,187, was 65.48 years. The largest number of deaths occurred in the age group 70 to 74. Thirty per cent of the 2,187 died before reaching 60 years. Of the remaining 70 per cent, 23 per cent died between the ages of 60 and 69, 29 per cent between 70 and 79. and 18 per cent between the ages of 80 and 94. Of special interest are the 1 ,600 entomologists who were born between 1500 and 1859. The average age at death for this group was 69.09 years. When the period from 1500 to 1859 was divided into smaller periods it was found that the deviations from 69.09 were small. In other words, all during the years 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [uty, '45 from 1500 to 1859 entomologists continued to live an average of 69 years. Life tables for early times are fragmentary and rather in- complete, but the expectation of life at birth in Breslau for the years 1687 to 1691 was about 34 years. In Carlisle, England, 1780-1787, the expectation at birth was close to 40 years. In continental United States in 1910, it was about 50 years and in 1940 it was 62.94 years for white males and 67.31 years for white females. All during these times, however, when the expectation of life at birth was low for populations in general, entomologists con- tinued to live an average of 69 years. In every population from early times to the present, a certain part of the population, by reason of parentage and environment, has always lived many years beyond the average for the balance of the population, and it is apparent that entomologists for the most part have always been recruited from among that portion of the population that lived the longest. Karl Pearson con- cluded many years ago that from 50 to 75 per cent of the gen- eral death rate is determined by the forces of heredity. If this is correct, most of the credit for living long lives should go to the parents of the entomologists. — HARRY B. WEISS. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles jrrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 GENERAL — On the retention of ii or i in specific patro- nymic names. [87J 1 : 147-58. Use of the name of a corn- posit genus for a component part requiring a name, where the name so used was published on, or before, 31st Dec. 1930. [87] 1 : 159-70. Designation of genotypes for genera published with identical limits on, or before, 31st Dec. 1930. [87] 1: 171-78. Designation of genotypes by Latreille, 1810. [87] 1: 179-90. Acosta Solis, M. Los climas en la regiones naturales del Ecuador. [Flora, Quito] 4 (11- 12) : 139-208. Allen, A. A.— Nomenclature-^Another plea for realism. [8] 71 : 81-83. Balfour-Browne, F.— Further to the problem of a changing nomenclature. [8] 71 : 108-9. Bradley, J. C— Amateurs. [19] 40: 9-10. Campos, F.- Fauna entomologica de Guayaquil en vertiginosa exposi- cion. [Flora, Quito] 4 (11-12): 125-34. Chamberlin & Lawson — Mechanical trap for the sampling of aerial insect populations. [Mosquito News] 5: 4-7, ill. Comstock, W. P. — Violet Harriet Dos Passes and her N. American moths. [6] 53: 47-48. Davis, William Thompson— Obituary notes. [Mus. Bull. Staten Id. Inst. A. & S.] 27 (No. 3), 17 pp., ill. Dobzhansky, Th. — Genetics and macro-evolution. (A re- view of Simpson, G. G., Tempo and mode in evolution.) [Jour. Hered.] 36: 113-15. Fletcher, F. C.— Sericulture, its successes and failures. [118] 18: 73-75, cont. Grensted, L. W. — Formation and gender of generic names : a further note. [8] 71: 118. Peterson, A. — Some insect infants. [54] 60 (6) : 426-42. ill. Riley, N. D.— Problem of "anting" in birds. [109] 10: 13-14. Romney, V. E.— Effect of physical factors upon catch of the beet leaf hopper (Eutettix tenellus (Bak.)) by a cylinder and two sweep-net methods. [84] 26 (2) : 135-47, ill. Sailer, R. L— Bite of a lacebug, Corythucha cydoniae. [103] 18: 81-82. Simpson, G. G.- Tempo and Mode in Evolution. N. Y. Columbia Univ. Press, 1944, 237 p. $3.50. Review by C. L. Hubbs in [90] 79: 271-75. Solomon, M. E.— Tyroglyphid mites in stored products. Methods for study of population density. [20] 32: 71-74. Teale, E. W. The sayings of William T. Davis. [19] 40: 3-6. Vouk, A. M. — Aphidae as vectors of the mosaic disease on onions. (Microbiology, Moscow] 13 (4) : 180-84. (Russian, English summary.) Wain- wright, C. J. — Xomenclatorial problems. [8] 71: 79-80. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Bostick, B. O. — Morphology of the carabid beetle, Calosoma scrutator. 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty- '45 [7] 38: 14-32. Crombie, A. C. — On competition between different species of graminivorous insects. [Proc. R. Soc. London] B, 132: 362-95. Daggy, R. H. — Biology and sea- sonal cycle of Anopheles farauti on Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. [7] 38: 1-13. Dennell, R. — Insect epicuticle. [31] 155: 545. Goldschmidt, R. B.— Evolution of mouth parts in Diptera ; a counter critique. [55] 21: 41—47. Grosch, D. S. — The relation of cell size and organ size to mortality in Habrobracon. [Growth] 9: 1-17. Hawley & Dobbins — Distribution and abundance of the Japanese beetle from 1935 through 1943, with a discussion of some of the known factors that influence its behavior. [6] 53 : 1-20. Lees & Picken — Shape in relation to fine structure in the bristles of Drosophila melanogaster. [Proc. R. Soc. London] B, 132: 396-423, ill. Marcus, H. — La base ana- tomica del olfato topoquimico. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 141-45, ill. La respiracion de las hormigas. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2 : 307-20, ill. Rau, P. — Size of the cell and sex of the wasp in Ancistrocerus catskillensis. [7] 38: 88. Reynolds, J. M. — On the inheritance of food effects in a flour beetle, Tribolium destructor. [Proc. R. Soc. London] B, 132: 438-51. Roth, L. M.— Odoriferous glands in the Tenebrionidae. [7] 38: 77-87, ill. Schrader, F.— The cy- tology of regular heteroploidy in the genus Loxa. (Pent.) [57] 76: 157-78. Tiegs, O. W. — Post-embryonic develop- ment of Hanseniella agilis (Symphyla). [53] 85: 191-328, ill. Villee, C. A. — Phenogenetic studies of homoeotic mu- tants of Drosophila melanogaster. III. The effects of tem- perature on the expression of bithorax — 34E. [90] 79: 246-58. Wellington, W. G. — Conditions governing the dis- tribution of insects in the free atmosphere. II. [4] 77: 21-28. Whiting, A. R.— Effects of X-rays on hatchability and on chromosomes of Habrobracon eggs treated in first meiotic prophase and metaphase. [90] 79: 193-227, ill. Williams, C. R. — Prolongation of larval-pupal development in Drosophila melanogaster and its effect on facet number. [90] 79: 259-70. Williams, J. L.— Anatomy of the internal genitalia of some Coleoptera. [10] 47: 73-91, ill. Yeager & Heishman — Some effects of antisera on larvae of the southern armyworm, Prodenia eridania. [7] 38: 45-52. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Barrows, W. M. —New spiders from the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. [7] 38: 70-76, ill. Bryant, E. B.— Argiopidae of Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 Hispaniola. [26] 95 (4): 359-418, ill. (*k). Carter, A.- This bug is a borgia (Dermacentor sps.). [Frontiers, Phila.] 9: 132-34, 160, ill. Curran, C. H.— Ticks and hu- man welfare. [Nat. Hist. New York] 54: 283-85. Ewing, H. E. — Mites of the U. S. Antarctic Service Expedition 1939-41. [Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.] 89: 296. McGregor, E. A. — A new gen. and sp. of tetranychid mite from Cali- fornia: [10] 47: 100-2, ill. Mulaik, 'S.— New mites in the family Caeculidae. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 35 (17) : 23 pp., ill. Schubart, O. — Os diplopodos de Pirassuntmga (Argentina). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 321-440, ill. (*S). Solomon, M. E. — (See under General.) Tiegs, O. W. — (See under Ana- tomy.) Wang, Y. M. — Preliminary report on Chilopoda at Ishan, Kwangsi and Meitan, Kweichow. [6] 53 : 63-67. THE SMALLER ORDERS— Crawford, J. C.— A new gen. and sp. of Thripinae from bulbs. [10] 47: 92-94. Eraser, F. C. — Migration of Odonata. [8] 71 : 73-74. Glance, G. — Collembola of the U. S. Antarctic Service Expedition 1939-41. [Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.] 89: 295. Jellison, W. L.— Genus Oropsylla in N. Amer. [17] 31: 83-97, ill. Marcus, H. — (See under Hymenoptera.) Mosley, M. E. — Designation of certain genotypes in the Trichoptera. [108] 14: 46-47. Williner, G. J.— Cecilidos nuevos (Cecilid). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 293-99, ill. (S). Wray, D. L. — A new Tetracanthella (Collembola) from N. Carolina, with a key to known species. [7] 38: 33-37. HEMIPTERA — Beamer, R. H. — New sp. of Dikraneura from Arizona (Cicadel). [103] 18: 83-84. Beamer & Lawson. — Rev. of the gen. Stragania in Amer. north of Mexico (Cicadel). [103] 18: 49-66, ill. (*). Caldwell, J. S. — Notes on Issidae from Mexico (Fulgorid). [7] 38: 89- 120, ill. (k). Neotropical lanternflies of the gen. Phrictus in the U.S.N.M., with descr. of 4 n. sps. [50] 96: 177-84, ill. Fennah, R. G. — New lanternflies from So. America (Fulgorid). [50] 96: 95-105, ill. Characters of taxonomic importance in the pretarsus of Auchenorhyncha (Homop.). [10] 47: 120-28, ill. Jensen, D. D.— Notes on the syn- onymy, nymphs and distribution of Heteropsylla texana (Psyllid). [55] 21: 74-76. Metcalf, Z. P.— General cata- logue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV, pts. 4-7. Fulgoridae, Derbidae, Achilixiidae Meenoplidae, Kinnaridae. 252 pp. Romney, V. E. — (See under General.) Sailer, R. L — Status 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u- '45 of Corimelaena White, 1839, Eucoria Mulsant and Rey, 1865 and Allocaris McAtee and Malloch, 1933 (Pent.)- flOJ 47: 129-35, ill. New name for Acantholoma Stal. (Scutell.). [10] 47: 135. Note concerning Solubea post- postia (Pent.). [10J 47: 136. (See also under General.) Sampson, W. W. — Five n.sp. of Aleyrodidae from Cali- fornia. [55] 21 : 58-62, ill. Schiff, H.— Notes on Thysania zenobia (Heteroc.). [6] 53: 88. Vouk, A. M. — (See under General.) LEPIDOPTERA— Blanchard, E. E.— Dos n.esp. de Agaonidos Argentines. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 301-305, ill. Bourquin, F. — Metamorfosis de Automeris eothila (Hemileucid). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 285-91, ill. Boyd, W. M. — Notes on the potato tuber moth — Gnorimoschema (Phthorimea) operculella in New Jersey. [6] 53: 68. Brown, F. M. — Notes on Mexican butterflies. [6] 53: 31- 46. Butt, F. H. — External morphology of Amphymallon majalis, the European corn-borer. [Cornell Univ. Mem.] no. 266: 18 pp., ill. Comstock, W. P. — (See under Gen- eral.) Corfe, C. E. — Two moths from one cocoon. [Canad. Field Nat.] 58: 191. dos Passes, C. F.— Some col- lections of Lepidoptera. [6] 53 : 62. Floroff, D. N.— Steganoptycha diniana desertana Carad. in east Siberia. [Bull. Inst. Sci. Biol. Geog. Univ. Irkoutsk] 9 (3-4): 169- 207, ill. (Russian, English summary.) Forbes, Wm. T. M.— The genus Phyciodes (Nymph.). [70] 24: 139-207, ill. (k). Freeman, T. N. — Review of the N. Amer. sps. of the gen. Argyrotaenia (Tortric). [Scient. Agric.] 25: 81- 94, ill. (*). Heinrich, C. — Gen. Fundella, a contribution towards a rev. of the Amer. Pyralidoid moths of the fam. Phyctidae. [50] 96: 105-13, ill. (*S). Moss, A. M.- Castnia of Para, with notes on others. [108] 14: 48-52. Stallings & Turner. — Two new races of butterflies. [103] 18:82-83. DIPTERA— Addis, C. J.— Phlebotomus (Dampfomyia) anthophorus, n.sp. and P. diabolicus from Texas. [17] 31 : 119-27, ill. Alexander, C. P. — Records and descriptions of neotropical crane-flies. XIX. [6] 53:49-61. Bequaert, J. — Unusual occurrence of Lynchia americana. [19] 40: 30. Bickley, W. E. — Anal gills of mosquito largae. [Mos- quito News] 5: 18. Cortes, R. — Nuevo nombre gen, para u n taquinido de la Rep. Argentina (Tachinid). [Acta Zool. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 Lilloana] 2: 255-57. Daggy, R. H. — (See under Physi- ology.) Dean, G. A. — Two interesting insect species (Her- netia illucens, Dermestes lardarius). [103] 18:84. Hardy, G. H.— On flies that fold their wings. [8] 71 : 93-94. Hare, J. E. — Flying stage of the deer lousefly Lipoptena depressa in California. [55] 21 : 48-57. Harmston & Knowlton — New Dolichopodidae from Michigan. [103] 18: 77-81. Levi-Castillo, R.— New var. of the Anopheles pseudopunctipennis complex in Ecuador. [Mosquito News] 5: 17-18. Matheson, R. — Notes on Anopheles oc- cidentalis and A. quadrimaculatus. [Mosquito News] 5: 1-3, ill. Rapp, W. F. — Check-list of Psychodidae of South and Central America. [6] 53: 21-30. Reinhard, H. J.— New genera and species of N. Amer. Tachinidae. [4] 77 : 28-36. New gen. & sps. of muscoid flies. [103] 18: 67-77. Stage & Chamberlin. — Abundance & flight habits of cer- tain Alaskan mosquitoes, as determined by means of a rotary-type trap. [Mosquito News] 5: 8-16, ill. QfiXHQHTEEA— Bostick, B. O.— (See under Ana- tomy.) Dean, G. A. — (See under Diptera.) Dillon & Dil- lon— Rev. of the tribe Pachypezini (Ceramb.). [19] 40: 11-27, ill. (k*). Fender, K. — Studies in the Cantharidae, II. [4] 77: 37-39, ill. (*). Oregon Chrysomelidae. [55] 21 : 72-73. Notes on the sps. of Podabrus of Oregon and Washington (Cantharid). [55] 21 : 77-80 (*). Fisher, W. S. — New beetles of the family Eucnemididae from Cent. Amer. & West Indies. [50] 96: 79-93. Hawley & Dob- bins— (See under Physiology.) Hinton, H. E. — Descr. of two n.sps. of Elsianus with a key to the graniger species- group. [8] 71: 90-92 (S*). New & little known sps. of Microcylloepus (Elmid). [9] 78: 57-63, ill. (S). Key to the No. Amer. sps. of Terapus, with a descr. of a n.sp. (His- terid). [108] 14: 38^45, ill. (S). Pao Chu (Hung Fu Chu). — Larvae of the Harpalinae unisetose (Carab). [Abst. of Thesis, Univ. 111.] 7 pp. Richter, P. O.— Notes on Phyllophaga barda with a desc. of the larva. 1 10] 47 : 97-99, ill. Sanderson, M. W. — A new N. Amer. species of Lithocaris (Staph). [10] 47: 94-97, ill. Seevers, C. H.- New gen. & sps. of Trichopseniinae from American and Aus- tralian termite nests (Staphilin). [55] 21 : 63-72. ill. Werner, F. G. — Revision of the gen. Epicauta in America north of Mexico (Meloidae). [26] 95 (5): 421-517. ill. (*k). Williams, J. L. — (See under Anatomy.) 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 HYMENOPTERA— Benson, R. B.— Classification of the Pamphiliidae (Symphyta). [108] 14: 25-33, ill. Classi- fication of the Xyelidae. [108] 14: 34-37, ill. Bugbee, R. E. — Eight new species of the genus Eurytoma from Mexico and Guatemala. Parts V and VI. [7] 38: 53-69, ill. Campos, F. — La hormiga Holocoponera whymperi, vulgar- mente quinquina. [Flora, Quito] 4 (11—12) : 135-136. Macnamara, C. — Note on the swarming of Solenopsis mo- lesta. [4] 77 : 40. Marcus, H. — Estudio comparado de la articulacion mandibular en las hormigas y termites. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 260-84, ill. Mickel, C. E.— Three new species of Mutillidae from Peru and Bolivia. [7] 38: 38- 44. Morley, B. D. W.— Ant butter. [31] 155 (3939) : 517. Murray, W. D. — Taxonomic value of male genitalia in sphecoid Hymenoptera. [7] 38: 121-24, ill. Rau, P.— Carnivorous habits of the adult wasp, Odynerus dorsalis. [19] 40: 29-30. (See also under Physiology.) Ross, H. H. — A taxonomic outline of the Nearctic species of Pachy- nematus (Tenth). [10] 47: 105-20, ill. (k*). Schuster, R. M. — A n.sp. of Pseudomethoca (Mutillid) from the W. Indies. [19] 40: 7-8 (k). Scott, H.— Rainfall in relation to scarcity or abundance of wasps. [8] 71 : 97-98. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 4. — Canadian Entomologist. 6. — Jour. New York Entom. Soc. 7. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 8. — Entom. Monthly Mag. 9. — The Entomologist, London. 10. — Proct. Ent. Soc. Washington. 17. — Jour, of Parasitology. 19. — Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc. 20. — Annals of Appl. Biology. 26. -Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool. 31. — Nature, London. 50. -Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 53. — Quart. Jour. Microscop. Sci. 54. — Scientific Monthly. 55. — Pan-Pacific Entomolo- gist. 57. — Jour, of Morphology. 70. — Entom. Americana. 84. — Ecology, Brooklyn. 87. — Opinions and Declarations, Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 90. — American Nat. 103. — Jour. Kansas Entom. Soc. 108. — Proc. R. Entom. Soc. Lon- don (B). 109.— Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (C). 118.- Ward's Nat. Sci. Bull. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted — Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, 3Vz and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both imagos and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Please renew your subscription for 1946 early ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DTV T OCTOBER 1945 „£ » Vol. LVI No. 8 CONTENTS Chamberlin — On three lithobioid chilopods 197 Chamberlin — A European centipede in Utah 199 Westfall — Synonymy in the genus Gomphus 200 Rodeck — Genus Melanomada, new designation 202 Freeman — A new species of Lerodea 203 Knowlton — Amphorophora aphids notes 206 Rapp — Andrew Bolter Insect Collection 209 Hull— New syrphid flies 210 Personals 218 Notes and News in Entomology 218 Rapp — A correction 220 Entomological literature 220 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, MVj n f THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ' PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at tne post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at lYi cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LYI OCTOBER, 1945 No. 8 On Three Lithobioid Chilopods By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah Of the three new species of chilopods herein described, the first two are based upon specimens taken in Illinois by William F. Rapp, Jr., and pertain to the family Lithobiidae. The third is a member of the Gosibiidae and its type specimen was taken in Mexico by Prof. V. E. Shelford. The types of the three species are in the author's collection. Genus Physobius, new Differing from Garibius and Monotarsobius in lacking a special lobe on the tibia of the male. Agreeing with both of these genera in having the articles of the antennae normally 20 in number. Prosternal teeth 2 + 2. Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Posterior coxae armed dorsally. Ventral spines of anal legs 0, 1,3, 3, 0 to 0, 1, 3, 2, 1 as against 0, 1, 3, 1, 0 in Garibius. Generotype. — Physobius rappi, new species. Physobius rappi, new species Head and antennae brown, the antennae of a somewhat pur- plish cast with apical portion lighter. Dorsum pale, testaceous, the last tergite darker. Last two pair of legs also darker, ex- cept tibiae which are light. A striking peculiarity is presented by the prosternum which bears only a single tooth on each side ; this moderately large, with the special seta near its outer base. Median sinus strictly V-shaped. These teeth are symmetrical and normal as far as can be detected. (197) 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Ventral spines of anal legs 0, 1, 3, 2; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0; claw single ; coxae armed laterally as well as dorsally. Ventral spines of penult legs 0, 1, 3, 3, 2; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, with one accessory claw; coxa not laterally armed. Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0, 1, 2, 1 ; dorsal, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0. Coxal pores, 3, 3, 3, 3. Claw of female genital forceps tripartite with the lateral teeth small ; basal spines 2 + 2. Length, 11.2 mm. Locality. — ILLINOIS : Mahomet. One female taken Mar. 4, 1945. Tidabius plesius, new species A species apparently nearest to T. poaphilus of Nebraska, with which it agrees in having the posterior coxae wholly un- armed and in having the ventral spines of the anal legs, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, with the dorsal spines 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 and the claws 2. It differs, however, in having the dorsal spines of the penult legs 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, and in having also but 2 dorsal spines on the third joint of the three or four preceding pairs, the others, except the first, having but one spine. Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0, 0. 0, 1, the dorsal, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ; ventral spines of the second legs 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ; dorsal, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2. The articles of the antennae typically 28 instead of 32. Length of female holotype, 9 mm. Locality. — ILLINOIS: Urbana, Feb. 25, 1945. Mayobius victoriae, new species In the type specimen the head, antennae, prehensors and first tergite are brown ; the remaining part of the dorsum testaceous ; legs yellowish. The antennae of moderate length, the articles mostly short, 47 in number. Ocelli in 2 series, 1 + 3, 3, the single ocellus large, the seriate ocelli in each row decreasing in size cephalad. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 Prosternal teeth 2 + 2 as usual, the ectal spine on each side much less robust than the teeth but truly spiniform. Readily to be distinguished from other known species in ap- parently lacking spines on the first legs both below and above. The second legs also lack spines below but have small ones above; thus, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1. Ventral spines of penult legs 0, 1, 3, 1 (2?) 1; dorsal, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1; an accessory claw present. None of the posterior coxae armed. Claw of the female gonopods strictly entire. Basal spines 2 + 2, stout. Posterior angles of 9th, llth and 13th dorsal plates strongly produced, those of the 7th weakly so (Subgenus Mayobius, sens. str.). Length, 11 mm. Locality. — MEXICO: Tamaulipas : Ciudad Victoria. Female type taken Dec. 30, 1943. Occurrence of a European Centiped in Utah By R. V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah Cryptops hortcnsis Leach, a common European centiped, known heretofore also from the Azores, Madeira, and St. Helena, has over a series of years been taken occasionally at quarantine in soil about plants imported from Europe. It has not, however, previously been noted as anywhere established in America. In April of this year, Mr. Stanley Mulaik brought in a single specimen with soil taken near the Biology Building of the University of Utah. Subsequent investigation has shown that it is abundant in cultivated soil on the campus of this institution. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 A Note on Synonymy in the Genus Gomphus (Odonata) By MINTER J. WESTFALL, JR., Cornell University While working over the Gomphines recently with Dr. James G. Needham, the author noted several synonymous names, four of which are pointed out below. Gomphus quadricolor Walsh 1863. Gomphus quadricolor Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 2 (3) : 246-249 [Rock Island, 111., 1 J>; type lost (Mutt- kowski, Catal. p. 96)]. 1922. Gomphus alleni Howe, Occasional Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 19-20, figs. 1-4. Squam Lake, New Hampshire, June 22, 1907; 1 J1 only; type (formerly at Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Museum) now at Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College. Only the type of alleni is known, but I remembered having seen the peculiar teeth figured by Howe on the superior append- age of alleni in other specimens we had been calling quadricolor. With the original descriptions of alleni and quadricolor before me and a specimen which had been determined by Dr. E. M. Walker as quadricolor, I could find no specific difference in the two descriptions. Howe had compared alleni with almost everything else near it except quadricolor. This he must have overlooked. Howe states that he compared the type with the Gomphine material of the collection at the Museum of Com- parative Zoology with the aid of Nathan Banks, also that Mr. E. B. Williamson and Dr. P. P. Calvert studied the type and believed it to be new. It is difficult to see how all could have failed to note its identity with quadricolor, except that the lat- ter species is none too common in collections and not well known. It was quite certain after my study that alleni should be rele- gated to synonymy, but to be still more certain I sent the speci- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 men of qnadricolor determined by Walker and which fits Walsh's description to Nathan Banks at the Museum of Com- parative Zoology. He has kindly examined the type of alleni and compared it with my specimen of qnadricolor. In a letter he writes, "G. alleni is the same species ; it agrees with your specimen throughout, and also with two qnadricolor we have from Ohio." This species has been recorded in the literature from Ont., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Mich., Wise., Ohio, Ind., 111., Tenn., and Ala. This synonymy apparently constitutes a new record for New Hampshire. Gomphus descriptus Banks 1896. Goni pints descriptus Banks, Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 4: 194. Ithaca, N. Y., May 15-21; 6 J*s, 2 $s ; types [said by Muttkowski (1910, Catal. p. 91) to be in the collection of Banks] are at the U. S. National Museum according to a recent communication from Nathan Banks. 1943. GompJius argus Needham, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 38 (5): 143-152, figs. 1-2. Argus Brook, Lloyd Wild- life Reservation near McLean, N. Y., June 4, 1923 ; single fragmentary J1 ; holotype in Cornell Univ. collection in vial and on two slides. 1943. Gomphus mortimcr Needham, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 38 (5): 143-152, figs. 1-2. Chipola Lake, Fla., April, 1929; 2 J's, one taken in transformation; types in Cornell Univ. Coll. in vials and on slides. After carefully studying the types of argus and mortimcr with me, Dr. Nedham has requested that I report them as syno- nyms. In describing argus he mentioned a close relationship with descriptus, but did not recognize it as identical. G. descriptus had been recorded from Ont., Que., Mass, (specimens in collection of M. J. Westfall, Jr.), N. Y., Mich., Iowa, and N. C. Dr. Needham's specimens extend the known range to Florida. 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Gomphus (Stylurus) notatus Rambur 1842. Gomphus notatus Rambur, Ins. Nour.,p. 162. Single J1; mutilated type in Mus. Paris (Rambur did not know where the type was collected). 1943. Gomphus (Stylurus) jucundus Needham, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 38 (5): 143-152, figs. 1-2. Crown Point, N. Y., July 30, 1939 ; types J and $ taken in copula- tion, now in Cornell Univ. collection in 2 vials and on 3 slides. After studying this species again, and comparing it with the type description of notatus and material from the Williamson collection, Dr. Needham has requested that I report it as a synonym. This species is recorded from Manitoba to Que., N. Y. to N. C, Ala., Tenn. to Wise. Genus Melanomada Cockerell, New Designation (Hym. : Apoidea) * HUGO G. RODECK, University of Colorado Museum,f Boulder, Colorado Melanomada Cockerell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55 : 587, 1903 (new subgenus, type Nomada grindcliae Ckll.). Hesperonomada Linsley, Pan-Pac. Ent., 15: 5, 1939 (new genus, type Hesperonomada melanantha Lins.). Melanomada was erected by Cockerell as a subgenus based upon Nomada grindcliae Ckll., and characterized by the entire seventh male tergite, the black color of the male and the black and red of the female, the smooth shining vertex and mesono- tum, etc. Later (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIX: 648, 1911) Cockerell described N. (Melanomada) helcniclla as a second species of the group. * Extracted from a thesis accepted by the University of Minnesota. f On leave of absence for military service. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 Upon examining the types of Cockerell's species Nomada penniycra, sidacfloris, and pasitiira, the writer became con- vinced that these also belong to this subgemis. The genus Hesperonomada Linsley, based on the species melanantha Lins. from California, corresponds to Melanoinada in both external and genitalial characters. The generic distinct- ness of Melanomada ( including Hesperonomada) from Nomada, recognized by Linsley in the erection of Hesperonomada, can be established without any doubt by an examination of the male genitalia, particularly the 9th sternum, which is radically dif- ferent from that of any group of Nomada, and is illustrated in the Linsley reference above. A thoroughgoing revision of the genus Melanomada, ap- parently considerably larger than anticipated, will necessarily await the accumulation of more specimens than now appear to be available. The insects are rare, or at least are rare in col- lections. The generic characters will be neither entirely those of Cockerell's Melanomada nor entirely those of Linsley's Hesperonomada since the inclusion of the additional species which may prove to belong here will modify the concepts of both authors. M. melanantha has two cubital cells, a peculi- arity which appears sporadically in numerous species of Noma- dines, and which is a fairly constant character in Nomada (Hcminomada} obliterate and Ar. (Pachynomada} victrix. A New Species of Lerodea from Texas (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) By H. A. FREEMAN, Pharr, Texas For some time the writer had been confusing a species of Lerodea from Texas with ncamathla Skinner and Williams. Despite the fact that this species resembles the Florida species, certain superficial characteristics encouraged the writer to make genitalic studies and thus find that the specimens from Texas constitute an unnamed species the description of which follow. 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Lerodea Julia n. sp. ($. Upper surface : Primaries, greyish-brown with three very faint, linear subapical spots. There are two yellowish spots below the subapical ones, the lowest one not in line and nearer the center of the wing. The entire surface of the wing is over- scaled with light yellow scales and hairs. Secondaries, greyish- brown, overscaled with light yellow scales and hairs. Under surface : Primaries, center of the wing greyish-brown with the costal margin, apex and outer margin overscaled with ochreous scales. The spots reappear but are much fainter. Secondaries, brown, heavily overscaled with ochreous scales, otherwise immaculate. Fringe : Lighter in coloration than the wings. The palpi are yellowish-brown with some white scales interspersed. 5- Similar to the J1, except the ground color is somewhat darker. Expanse : <$$, 26-29 mm., average 28 mm. ; 5$, 26-29 mm., average 28 mm. Described from 17 specimens, 11 J'J1 and 6 9$. The data on these specimens, all collected by the writer, are as follows : 1 J\ X-15-44, 1 <$, 1-2-45, I ?, 1-1-45, 1 ?, XII-30-44, 1 ?, 1-28- 45, Pharr; 3^, I?, V-31-42, Uvalde; 1 , VIII-16-44, New Braumfels ; 1 <$, VI— 8-40, Brownsville ; all in Texas and 1 $, VI-8-35, Monterrey, N. L., Mexico. This species is named in honor of my second daughter. Holotype <$, X-15-44, Pharr, Texas and allotype $, XII- 30-44, Pharr, Texas, are in the collection of the author. Para- types, 3 gg are in the collection of Mr. Otto Buchholz ; 1 J* in the collection of Dr. George Rawson ; 1 J\ in the Stallings and Turner collection ; one pair will be placed in each of the follow- ing museums ; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, The American Museum of Natural History, and the United States National Museum. The other 2 ^^ and 2 $2 paratypes will remain for the present in the collection of the author. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 Julia resembles neamathla Skinner and Williams superficially more than any other species of Lerodca; however, the follow- ing differences can be noted. 1. Julia is slightly larger than neamathla. 2. The spots on the primaries are larger and somewhat more readily discernible in julia, because of their lighter coloration. 3. The overscaling on the upper surface of both wings is somewhat lighter in julia than in neamathla. 4. On the lower surface of the secondaries of julia. the over- scaling is of a more ochreous coloration, thus being lighter than neamathla. Fig. 1. Genitalia of: Lerodca julia n. sp., <$ paratype, Uvalde, Texas, V-31-42. Julia belongs to that group of obscurely marked skippers that for accurate determination requires a study of the genitalia. Despite the resemblance to neamathla, the genitalia are differ- ent as can be seen by comparing the figure with the genitalia of the Florida species. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Amphorophora Aphids Notes By GEORGE F. KNOWLTON, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah The following paper includes the description of an apparently undescribed Amphorophora from currant foliage, and records host and locality data for additional species of the genus Am- phorophora, a number of which were collected upon berry plants. Amphorophora fronki 1 n. sp. Alate vivipara: Color green ; cleared specimens largely pale ; antennae 2.75 mm. long; antennal III, .865 with 51 to 57 sen- soria; IV, .44 to .46 with 2 to 4 sensoria in row on basal half of segment; V, .367 to .385 without secondary sensoria; VI, .014 + .95 ; rostrum exceeds second coxae ; rostral IV + V slenderly obtuse, .145 mm. long; hind tibiae 1.72, pale with thickened distal end blackish; hind tarsi .175, blackish; cornicles vasiform, .296 long, pale with distal three-fifths slightly dusky, swollen portion scarcely twice thickness of narrowest part; cauda .32 mm. long, pale to slightly dusky. Apterous vivipara: Color green ; body 2.4 mm. long ; antennae pale with dark ends on III to VI ; antennals III, .835 to .93 with 12 to 15 sensoria on proximal half; IV, .408 to .48, with- out sensoria; V, .4 to .464; VI, .104 to .112 + .92 to .945; rostrum reaching third coxae, tip slenderly obtuse; rostral IV + V, .152; hind tibiae 1.92, pale, blackish at distal ends; hind tarsi .168 to .176; cornicles .736 to .785, spinosely imbricated before the flange; cauda .368 to .385, pale, usually with 3 lateral hairs ; cauda rounded. Collected on foliage of "bedbug currant," Ribes sp., at Ameri- can Fork, Utah, July 25, 1940 (G. F. Knowlton). Type in the collection of writer. Winged females of Amphorophora fronki n. sp. key to A. sensoriata Mason in Mason's key (U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 67 : 1 Named in honor of 1st Lt. W. D. Fronk. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 5-6, 1925) from which they differ in having no sensoria on antennal V, longer rostrum, shorter and paler antennals III and IV with fewer sensoria. Aptera of A. fronki key to A. per- gandei Mason in the above key, but possess longer cornicles and have fewer lateral hairs on cauda. Alate A. fronki have paler and less tuberculate antennae and paler cornicles than A. per- gandei. Amphorphora amicae Glend. Collected on Arnica sp. near foot of Puyallup Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Washington (H. C. Bennion). A. cratacgi (Monell). An extremely heavy infestation caused foliage of Cratacgits to drop early in the forestry nursery at the Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah, during the fall of 1943. On September 5 to 8 the trunk, branches and soil beneath a number of Crataegus were green with hundreds of thousands of these crawling aphids, deserting heavily infested fallen leaves and crawling back upon the hosts. Also collected at Hoytsville, Utah, October 1943; Mt. Timpanogos, Utah, July 12, 1942; Grand Canyon of the Snake River, Wyoming, September 11, 1941 (Knowlton) ; and at Hollister, Idaho, August 30, 1930 (D. E. Fox). A. geranii G.-P. Buhl, Idaho, October 17, 1930 (D. E. Fox). A. grind cliae Wins. On Grindclia sqiiarrosa at Garland, June 4 and 10, 1938, and Granite, June 27, 1937, in Utah; Beaver Dam, April 25, 1935, and Flagstaff, September 23, 1944, in Arizona; Basin, Wyoming, September 12, 1941; Helena, Montana, August 2, 1944; and Castleford, Idaho, August 19, 1943. A Iialli Knit. Runs to A. ncrvata (Gill.) in Mason's key (U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 2: 6, 1925) from which it differs in more swollen cornicles, relatively longer antennal V and unguis. Rostral IV + V, .126 mm. long; hind tibiae 1.77; hind tarsi .126. A. laingi (?) Mason. An apterous female collected at Puyal- lup, Washington, August 11, 1937 (H. C. Bennion) keys to this species in Mason's key (U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 67: 6-7, 1925). 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 A. niasoni (Knit.). On Helianthits annitus, Toquerville, Utah, June 18, 1935; Fredonia, Arizona, July 11, 1935. A. minima Mason. On raspberry, Wooster, Ohio, August 24 (Wilcox). A. nervata (Gill.). On leaves and tender tips of twigs of wild rose, Rosa chrysocarpa, at Big Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, June 29, 1925 ; and Rosa jendleri at Emigration Canyon, Utah, July 25, 1925 ; on cultivated rose at Bonneville Dam and Port- land, Oregon, June 20, 1939 ; Twin Falls, Idaho, August 19, 1943; Shoshone, Wyoming, September 13, 1935; Bozeman, Montana, July 16, 1936; Overton, Nevada, May 20, 1935; in Utah at Moab, July 26, 1935, and at Amalga, Cedar Valley, Delta, Hooper, Logan, Ogden, Pleasant Grove, Provo. St. George and Springville. Collected in sweeps on grass at Salem, Oregon, June 17, 1939. A. ritbi (Kalt.). Abundant on wild raspberry leaves at Miner's Basin in LaSal Mountains, Utah, July 28, 1939; on tame raspberry at Wellsville, Utah, July 4, 1939; on Rubus strigosns, Hyrum, Utah, October 12, 1938; on Rubus sp. at Albany, Oregon, August 24, 1944. A. rubicola (Oest.). On wild raspberry, Ritbiis sp., Living- ston, Montana, July 31, 1942 (H. F. Thornley). A. rubicumbcrlandi K.-A. On wild black raspberry canes, Rubus sp., Oregon Caves, Southern Oregon, June 24, 1939 (Dr. S. A. Huber). More than 1000 to 2000 in some very large colonies on black raspberry canes examined at Puyallup, Washington, June 17, 1939 (Huber-Knowlton). A. scnsoriata Mason. On growing tips of cultivated rasp- berry, Madison, Wisconsin, October 7, 1914 (A. C. Burrill) ; Haddonfield, N. J., July 12, 1938 (M. D. Leonard). A. sonchi (Oest.) On Lactuca at Overton, Nevada, April 26, 1935; Bozeman, Montana (C. B. Philip); Buhl, Idaho, August 19, 1943; Hurricane and Salt Lake City, Utah; on loganberry, Corvallis, Oregon, October 8, 1914 (A. L. Lovett) ; on wild gooseberry on foothills west of Woodruff, Utah, July 5, 1935 ; on black currant at Fielding, Collinston and Garland, October 22, 1929; on Sonchus aspcr at Magna; alates on sugar Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 beets (accidentals?) at Cornish, Utah, September 23, 1926. Alate on Rosa sp., Ogden Canyon, October 9, 1937 (acci- dental?); winged females in greenhouse at Logan, Utah on Agropyron crcstatnm, December 5 and 15, 1939; at Preston, Idaho on currant. The Andrew Bolter Insect Collection x By WILLIAM F. RAPP, JR. The statement has recently been made that the Andrew Bolter collection has been lost. This collection was willed to the De- partment of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, by the late Andrew Bolter in 1900. The will specified that the collection was to be kept in the original cabinets and was not to be broken up and placed in other collections. The provisions of the will have been kept and the collection is still retained by the University of Illinois' Entomology Department. At the time of Bolter's death this collection was considered the largest private insect collection in North America. A par- tial list of types was published by Prison.2 Many types and co-types are still thought to be in the collection. It is particu- larly strong in Lepidoptera, the majority of which were de- termined by the leading specialists of the day, such as Smith, Hulst, Grote, Daecke, Edwards, and Harris. A partial list of the Lepidoptera has been published by Kimball and Jones.3 The collection is also rich in Coleoptera. There is a fair num- ber of Hymenoptera, which were largely determined by E. T. Cresson, Sr. The type of Trogits bolteri is in the collection, and possibly several other of Cresson's types. Today the collection is in good condition, but the nomencla- ture is that of 1900. Unfortunately, there is very little collec- tion data with the specimens, the majority having only state labels. 1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, No. 252. 2 Bull. 111. State Nat. Hist. Survey, vol. 15 (1927), pp. 232-233. 3 Kimball, C. R. and Jones, F. M., Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard Islands, Mass., Publication of the Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association, vol. IV. 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 New Syrphid Flies By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi (Continued from page 187) Eristalis maritimus n. sp. A submetallic fly, the wings widely tinged with brown, espe- cially just beyond the middle ; scutellum yellowish brown. Re- lated to resolutus Walker. The opaque fasciae upon the ab- domen are much more narrow, the front is shining black without the prominent transverse depression. Female. Length 11 mm. Head: The upper occiput, the front and vertex shining black with a slight purplish cast on either side of the faint median line; the entire pile of this area is black and the front is without the prominent transverse de- pression of resolutus which lies a short distance above the an- tennae. Face widely shining black in the middle, the sides yellowish white pubescent with similar colored pile. Beneath the antennae this pubescence extends nearly across the face and it extends on either side of the antennae and linearly up the front halfway upon the eye margins. Antennae with the first two segments dark brown; the third is reddish ventrally and narrowly along the base and brownish black upon the re- mainder. Arista dark brown. Thorax: black with a bluish reflection especially prominent in the middle of the posterior half. Seen from the rear there are a pair of narrowly sepa- rated, submedial, grey pollinose vittae reaching to the posterior third where they are diagonally cut off and their apices are divergent. There is a similar pair of pollinose fasciae just anterior to the transverse suture. There is a more whitish or brownish white pollinose spot mesad to each humerus. The posterior half of mesopleura and upper half of sternopleura and an obscure spot on the hypopleura are pale yellowish or brown- ish white pollinose and these areas have reddish yellow pile ; pteropleura with abundant black pile and the pile of the mesono- tum except upon the notapleura, the ventral edge of post calli Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 and a few hairs at the sides of the scutellum are reddish orange ; dorsal pile of the post calli black. Scutellum light orange brown with abundant appressed black pile. Abdomen: wide and short oval, the first segment black with reddish pile along the sides. The second segment has a subopaque, narrow, basal border and a wider medial vitta which expands posteriorly into a subapical fascia that is somewhat diffuse; the depression which marks the anterior border of this opaque fascia is quite marked and rather deep. The remainder of the antero-lateral portion is strongly brassy but apically coppery red ; medially the apical margin of this segment is brassy. Upon the third segment there is a large, subopaque, medial, elongate spot reach- ing from the base nearly to the apex of the segment. The basolateral part of the segment is quite reddish coppery with a narrow, oblique, greenish blue, quite diffuse, rather shining, diagonal stripe running from the posterior corner towards the opaque medial spot which, however, it does not reach. Upon the fourth segment there is only the large, oval, medial sub- opaque black spot, the remainder of the sides coppery in color. Legs: Femora black, becoming sepia near the apex. Pile of anterior femora entirely black, of the middle femora black ex- cept for a band of long, reddish yellow hairs posterodorsally upon the basal half and some short yellow pile along the an- terior surface on the basal half. Pile of hind femora short and black but with a prominent, dorsal row of long reddish brassy pile above and similar, more sparse pile ventrally; the lateral pile is chiefly black. The anterior tibiae are blackish on the apical half and light yellowish brown diffusely upon the basal part ; the middle tibiae are dark brown apically and yellowish brown basally. The hind tibiae are dark sepia brown upon the apical two-thirds but diffusely yellowish brown basally and without the central yellow triangle found on resolutiis. Pile of hind tibiae almost wholly reddish orange but with numerous short black hairs ventrally upon the basal half. All of the tarsi are very dark brown with brownish black pile dorsally and 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 yellowish brown pile ventrally. Wings: strongly tinged with brown from the middle nearly to the apex ; the whole of the posterior and apical border of wings pale brown, the first and second basal cells and the base of the costal cell very pale yel- lowish brown. Holotype: a female, GUADALCANAL (C. O. Berg collector), 1944; presented to the author by George Steyskal. Dideopsis hemipennis n. sp. Related to aegrota Fabricius. The dark sepia brown area upon the base of the wing is sharply delimited instead of diffuse and covers only the basal half or slightly more of the wing. The brown color runs diagonally backward well behind the posterobasal corner of the discal cell. At most only half of the discal c^ll is colored with brown. Male. Length 9 mm. Head: Vertex shining black, the front shining black on the lower half and with a faint bluish cast laterally, diffusely merging into a pollinose or pubescent area above. Middle of upper front yellowish brown pubescent, merging into the yellowish white pubescence along the eye mar- gins. Pile of upper part of the front long, erect and black with many reddish hairs intermixed but entirely black laterally on each side of the supra-antennal callus. Pile of the face entirely pale yellow. Middle of the face dully shining black, the ex- treme lower part of face and cheeks black but most of the sides of the face pale yellow and with similarly colored pubescence. Tubercle of face fairly prominent. The first two antennal seg- ments black whereas they are dark brown or reddish brown in aegrota; the third segment is blackish above, light reddish brown below entirely to the apex. Thorax: Mesonotum shin- ing black, the notapleura grey pollinose, a prominent reddish yellow collar of hairs present ; the mesonotal pile is fine, erect and black but reddish along the sides and before the scutellum and entirely reddish over the base of the wing ; the thick tuft of black pile over the wing as in aegrota is absent. Scutellum yel- lowish brown with fine, blackish pile ; squamae light yellow with Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 similar fringe ; halteres orange brown. The mesopleura are yellowish pollinose with thick yellowish brown pile ; pteropleural pile black; plumulae white. Abdomen: rather similar to acgrota in general pattern, the pair of spots upon the base of the second segment almost connected across the midline. The basal fascia of third segment is a little wider and not indented postero- medially. Legs: Anterior and middle femora light reddish brown becoming more brownish basally, their tibiae and anterior basitarsi light reddish brown. Middle tarsi entirely blackish except the extreme base which may be a little reddish. Hind femora and their tibiae except for yellowish middle band sepia brown, their tarsi black, the pile of the hind legs black. Venter colored as in acgrota. Wings: apical half of the wings ob- liquely hyaline, the apical half of the stigmal cell very pale yel- lowish, the basal half sepia, the brown color of the wing rather sharply delimited and reaching from just beyond the end of the costal cell across the middle of the discal cell to the end of the wing at the end of the sixth vein. The extreme base of the first and the second basal cells is barely paler than the sur- rounding brown color. Holotype: a male, NEW GEORGIA, 1944 (C. O. Berg col- lector) ; presented to the author by George Steyskal. Eristalis collaris De Meijere variety nigrovittata new variety Distinguished by the metallic blackish vitta upon the face. Male. Length 9.5 mm. Head: The pile of the front and vertex is black ; of the face pale yellowish brown. The lateral eye marginal bands of pubescence are also pale yellowish brown. Cheeks and lower part of the face deep yellowish brown. Mid- dle of the face with a brownish black highly polished medial vitta. The antennae are orange brown, the arista reddish brown. Upper eye facet of the male enormously enlarged, ex- tending halfway down the eyes but the enlarged area not sharply separated. Thorax: black, the entire area anterior to the suture with thick, yellowish brown, slightly reddish pollen and similarly 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 colored pile. Viewed posteriorly there are two broad, sub- medial vittae of this same pollen which are anteriorly fused and which extend posteriorly a short way past the transverse suture. Their posterior ends are obliquely truncate and divergent. There is a fascia of the same colored pollen just before the scutellum with similar pile. The intervening area upon the mesonotum is nearly opaque black but reddish sepia brown upon the edges and with black to blackish brown pile. The post calli are shining reddish brown ; the presutural yellow pollinose stripe extends down upon the mesopleura across the upper sternopleura and curves upward over most of the hypo- pleura; pleural pile reddish yellow. The squamae are pale yellowish brown basally, sepia on the apical half with sepia fringe ; scutellum deep yellow, opaque except upon the trans- lucent rim which is shining, its discal pile thick and black, the marginal pile yellow. Abdomen: with the first and all of the second segment deep yellow except an opaque, anteromedially produced, posterior black fascia which however extends only upon the posterior third of the segment and the medial exten- sion extends forward only two-thirds the length of the seg- ment. Pile of the yellow areas yellow or orange except pos- teriorlaterally on the second segment ; pile of the black areas black. The third segment is deep yellow on the basal half, becoming metallic over the yellow laterally; the posterior half is subopaque black, brown where joins the yellow and the black area black pilose. There is a medial, posterior, metallic golden notch on the black area. Fourth segment metallic brassy or golden, with a narrow, central, opaque black fascia very slightly oblique, meeting in the midline at the base of the segment. The pile of this segment is wholly golden. Legs: entirely pale brownish orange ; the apex of the hind tibiae is light reddish brown, the last two tarsi on all of the legs black. Wings: hya- line, the dip of the third vein quite shallow but long, the wings without villi, the stigmal cell very pale yellow and almost hya- line, narrowly brownish at its immediate base but without any stigmal cross vein. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215 Female. Similar to the male, the metallic black stripe of the face is wider and still more prominent, the vertex shining black ; a short distance below the ocelli there is a transverse, pos- teriorly concave, opaque black cross band which is in the middle extended forward more than half the length of the front ; its anterior end rounded. The anterior part of the front is shin- ing black, the lateral margin rather widely creamy brown pubescent and connected with the same pubescences of the face ; all of the frontal pile is black. Upon the abdomen there is only a narrow basal yellow fascia upon the second segment, the remainder being opaque black except for metallic black lateral triangles. The whole of the first segment is pale brown- ish yellow, third segment similar to the male except that the anterior brownish yellow fascia is shallowly indented posterio- medially, the indentation not quite reaching the base and the metallic black laterally extends narrowly to the base. Fourth segment with the basal yellow fascia complete and with a tiny, medial, posterior notch. Holotype: a male, GUADALCANAL, Nov. 1934, C. O. Berg. Allotype : a female, with the same data. Types in the author's collection. Chrysogaster minuta n. sp. A bright metallic greenish black fly in which the wings are rather strongly tinged with brown and the subapical cross vein is straight, making a right angle with the last section of the third vein. Related to stigmata Will. Male. Length 4.5 mm. Head: The front, vertex and face are shining greenish black, the front with a prominent, round punctate depression in the middle and very sparse, short, light yellow pile. Pile of the vertex blackish. Face with a trans- versely striate area beneath the antennae which is narrow and does not reach the eyes. The lower part of the face and epi- stoma are rather sharply produced forward beyond the base of the antennae. The antennae are wholly black, the second seg- ment approximately twice as long as the first, the third nearly 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 twice as long as the second. Thorax: Mesonotum shining greenish black, including the scutellum and with four obscure brassy vittae. Mesonotal pile short, erect, abundant and brassy yellow. The pleural pile is quite sparse but of the same color. Squamae pale yellowish brown with similar fringe, halteres light orange. Abdomen: wider than thorax, the lateral mar- gins greenish to brassy black, slightly coppery upon the sides at the end of the second segment. Disc of abdomen only moderately shining and more or less subopaque black with a slight bluish, purplish reflection. Legs: Femora and tibiae wholly greenish black with light brownish to pale yellow pile ; tarsi wholly black, pale pilose. Wings: rather strongly and uni- formly tinged with dilute smoky brown, the stigma barely darker. Subapical cross vein straight making a right angle with the last section of the third vein. Holotype: a male, Mt. Rainier, WASHINGTON, July 7, 1926 (F. M. Hull collector). Salpingogaster uncinata n. sp. A dark sepia brown species with yellowish legs; a yellow stripe on the reddish brown pleura and the face reddish brown in the middle. Related to diana Hull. Male. Length 11 mm. Head: Vertex shining black, the front deep reddish brown, the sides narrowly yellow, the face light yellow with reddish brown medial stripe reaching to just below the prominent tubercle. The pile of the front and face is sparse and yellow. The front is without a prominent con- striction. The first two antennal segments are light brown, the third missing. Occiput yellowish grey pollinose with fine golden pile, the eyes with a medial indentation. Thorax: Mesonotum reddish sepia brown with on either side a narrow, slender, shining reddish or chestnut vitta reaching practically to the scutellum and very slightly diverging posteriorly. The post calli and the region just in front are light reddish chestnut. There is a similar colored slender vitta which runs from the inner end of the pale yellow humeri to the transverse suture. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217 The notapleura are narrowly yellowish, the posterior half of mesopleura and upper posterior half of sternopleura and a narrow vertical band margining the metanotum are light yel- low; scutellum sepia brown, the base and the margin light yellow. Pile of the mesonotum quite sparse, short and yellow. Squamae light brownish yellow. Halteres light brown. Ab- domen strongly constricted upon the cylindrical second seg- ment which segment is reddish chestnut in color. The middle of this segment is not quite half as wide as the base or apex. The first segment is of the same color, its lateral margins or lobes bluntly rounded and a little more yellowish. Third, fourth, and fifth segments shining sepia black with slight bluish reflections and formed into a wide, quite convex club-like por- tion. The hypopygium is sepia with a strong narrow down- ward curved hook-like projection; venter dark reddish brown, the fourth sternite with on either side a rounded bristly lobe. Legs: First pair of legs wholly yeltow, second and third pairs wholly yellow except for light reddish brown coxae and tro- chanters and for faint but wide brown subapical bands on their femora and the medial surface of the femora more yellowish brown. Posterior femora with thick abundant blackish pile that becomes quite long ventrally and near the apex rather stiffer and more bristly. Wings: strongly tinged with yellow- ish, the costal and subcostal cell and basal half of the marginal cell and of the first basal cell above the spurious vein deep yellow. The stigmal cell is rather dark brown, the marginal cell and the apex of the submarginal cell light brown. Loop of the third vein only moderately deep, about as deep as the usual species of Eristalis. Subapical cross vein only moderately sig- moid. Holotypc: a male. La Suiza, COSTA RICA (Pablo Schild) 1924. Type in the collection of Dr. A. L. Melander. 218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Personals University of Minnesota. In June, the NEWS announced the appointment of Dr. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., to the faculty of the College of Agriculture. Further appointments, as published in a recent number of SCIENCE, are : Dr. Clarence E. Mickel, acting chief of the Division of Entomology and Economic Zo- ology since the retirement of Dr. William A. Riley on June 15, 1944, has been promoted to be chief of the Division ; Dr. Mykola H. Haydak has been promoted to an associate professorship. He will be in charge of the beekeeping work of the Division and succeeds the late Dr. Maurice C. Tanquary. Dr. Laurence K. Cutkomp has been appointed research associate, and Dr. H. Y. Fan has been appointed research fellow in the Division. Both will assist in the research programs in insect physiology. Notes and News* in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Observation Hives. In the "A B C and X Y Z of Bee Culture," by Root, we learn that the first approach to the mod- ern type of observation hive was invented in England by W. Mew about 1650. It is interesting in this connection to call attention to the fol- lowing paragraph in "The Diary of Samuel Pepys," under the date of May 5, 1665 : "After dinner to Mr. Evelyn's ; he being abroad, we walked in his garden, and a lovely noble ground he hath indeed. And among other rarities, a hive of bees, so as being hived in glass, you may see the bees making their honey and combs mighty pleasantly." The paragraph, in all its quaintness, helps to fix the date of the first use of the observation hive, and also its popularity at that time among the gentry of England. — PHIL RAU. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219 Insects, Men and Ultra-violet. Normal human eyes are blind to ultra-violet light. Many insects, however, are able not only to see ultra-violet light but are extraordinarily sensitive to it. This we know from the work of Lubbock, Von Hess and Kiihn in Europe and from the researches of Lutz and of Bert- holf in this country. Kiihn l was able to train bees to come to the ultra-violet line 365 m/A of the mercury-vapor spectrum ir- respective of its relative brilliance or of its position with respect to other lines and concluded that bees see this wave-length as qualitively distinct, i.e., as a separate color. For example, bees trained to respond to 365 m/t (ultra-violet) will not respond to 405 m/A (visible blue or violet) and vice versa. Bertholf 2 showed that this wave-length has maximum stimulative effi- ciency, as compared with all other parts of the spectrum. Fur- thermore, he is convinced of the validity of Kiihn's conclusions. Recently, Professor George Wald 3 of Harvard University pointed out that aphakic persons (those who have had their lenses removed in the operation for cataract) can see very well in the ultra-violet, the part of the spectrum that is ordinarily absorbed by the yellow color of the human lens. This being so, aphakics should be able to tell us what ultra-violet looks like. Do they experience a strange new color sensation which only they and the bees know of? Dr. Wald disappoints us with:— "this ordinarily produces no striking distortion of their visual experiences, as may be judged from the fact that they usually are wholly unaware of their extraordinary capacities." Nor do they have new sensations ; aphakics "seem to see this region (365 m/j.) as they do 405 m//,, as blue or violet." Wald also states that we are no longer dependent on "pure speculation" (apparently referring to the conclusions of Kiihn) and implies that color sensation in bees must be like that in aphakics. 1 Kiihn, A. 1927. liber den Farbensinn der Bienen. Zeitsch. f. ver- gleichende Physiol. 5 : 762-800. - Bertholf, L. M. 1931. The distribution of stimulative efficiency in the ultra-violet spectrum for the honeybee. Jour. Agric. Research 43 : 703-713. y Wald, G. 1945. Human vision and the spectrum. Science 101 : 653- 658. 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 But is the basis for Wald's comparison really adequate? In view of the very great differences between the visual organs of man and insects, is it not dangerous to conclude that because wave-lengths 365 m/x and 405 m/x appear qualitatively alike to man they must appear alike to insects? After re-reading Kiihn's carefully planned experiments, one is inclined to ask :— Who is speculating? — R. G. SCHMIEDER. A Correction By WILLIAM F. RAPP, JR. In my article in Entomological News for May 1945. page 117, I stated that Eupaniasis aleoptera (Druce) is the genotype for Neopaniasis Rapp. This is a mistake on my part and the type is Paniasis aleoptera Druce. Also Dr. Schaus' name is not spelt with a final "e." I am greatly endebted to Mr. Halm W. Capps for calling these errors to my attention. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, ire recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221 GENERAL — Carl & Hardy. — Flora and fauna of the Paradise Mine area, British Columbia. [Report, Provin- cial Mus. Nat. Hist. & Anthropology Brit. Columb.] 1944: C18-C38, ill. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Insects of the Cali- fornian Islands. [125] 4: 283-96. Baird, A. B.— Labora- tory propagation of parasites and its place in biological con- trol problems. [125] 4: 417-20. Bartlett, K. A'.— Collec- tion of parasites of the sugar-cane borer, Diatraea sac- charalis, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. [125] 4: 335-38. Flanders, S. E. — Practical application of biological studies of para- sites employed in biological control. [125] 4: 373-81. In- gram, Holloway & Wilson. — Recent development in bio- logical control of Diatraea sacchralis in the continental U. S. [125] 4: 359-63. Marin & Perra.— Introduccion de hvperparasitos-en Chile: Resumen de las importaciones hechas y de sus resultados. [125] 4: 351-57. Meiners, E. P.— "'Cockroach" versus "roach." [19] 40: 56. Michel- bacher, A. E. — Value of accurate classification of insects as illustrated by the confusion of two closely related sp. of Hypera. [125]) 4: 403-405. Muma &" Jeffers.— Galls found on the canes of brambles in Maryland. [Maryland Nat. Hist. Soc. Maryland] 15: 47-52, ill. Pierce, W/D.- Fossil arthropods from California. [38] 44: 1-9, ill. (*). Rapp, W. F. — Opinion 152 of the International Comm. of Zool. Nomenclature. [68] 102: 17-18. Schwarz, H. F.- \\ ax of stingless bees (Meliponidae) and the uses to v\'hich it has been put. [6] 53: 137-44. Steyskal, G. — Remarks upon spatial relationships in entomological description. [19] 40: 57-59. Weiss, H.B.— Insect food habit ratios of the Lloyd-Cornell reservation. [6] 53: 167-68. Wille, J. E. — Resume de las diferentes labores ejecutadas en el Peru para combatir insectos daninos por el "metodo biologico." [125] 4: 369-71. William Thompson Davis— 1862-1945. -Obituary by H. B. Weiss. [6] 53: 127-135 (photo). ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Barnes, H. F. — Studies of fluctuations in insect populations. VIII. Wheat blossom midges on broadbalk, 1932— M3. [97] 10: 94-120, 1941. IX. Carrot fly (Psila rosae) 1936-41. [97] 11: 69-81, 1942. Bouhniol, J. J. — Nymphes acephales pre- maturees chez le ver a soie (Bomlyx mori). [127] 188: 418-20, 1944. Butt, F. H.— External morphology of Am- phimallon majalis, the European chafer (Coleoptera). [Mem. Cornell Univ.] 266. 18 pp., ill. Douglas, J. R.- Knowledge of the internal anatomy of Dermacentor ander- 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 soni necessary to pursue the study of rickettsial infection in the tick. [125] 4: 487-97, ill. Ellsworth, J. K.— Medical entomological problems of the war. [Ann. Biol. Collo- quium, Corvallis, Oregon, 1943] 5: 18-21. Friedland & Harnly. — Effect of temperature on the wings of dimorphos/ dimorphos vestigial-pennant/vestigial in Drosophila mela- nogaster. [92] 88: 247-53. Goux, L.— Note sur la con- stitution du tegument chez la larve d'une Aleurode. [127] 188: 627-28, 1944. Herms, W. B.— Some entomological problems of the Pacific area with which medical entomolo- gists should be concerned. [125] 4: 429-32. Knowles, F. L. — Growth measurements of Anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae. [130] 58 (4) : 136-39, ill., 1943. Mickey, G. H.— Gy- nandromorphs in Drosophila melanogaster. [Proc. Loui- siana Acacl. Sci.] 8: 83-99, ill. Montshadsky, A.— On the mechanism of digestion in the larvae of Chaoborus (Diptera). [Zool. Jour., Moscow] 24: 98. Nicolle & Lwoff. — L'acide pantothenique dans la nutrition de I'hemi- ptere hemophage Triatoma infestans. [127] 188: 341—43, 1944. Paillot & Kirkor. — Etude de la Vitesse de chemine- ment des aliments a travers les differentes parties du tube digestif de 1'abeille. [127] 188: 34-35, 1944. Peterson, A. —Some insect infants. [54] 60: 426-42, ill. Picaud, A. — Recherches histologiques sur le glycogene chez les larves de dipteres du gen. "Simulium. [127] 188: 264-65, 1944. Poulson, D. F. — Chromosomal control of embryogenesis in Drosophila. [90] 79: 340. Richards & Weygandt.— The selective penetration of fat solvents into the nervous sys- tem of mosquito larvae. [6] 53: 153-65. de Salles & Hathaway. — Nota sobre a infestacas ae Musca domesteca por um ficorniceto do gen. Empusa. [Ill] 41: 95-99, ill. Sautet & Audibert. — Rythme cardiaque des larves de mous- tiques, en asphyxie. [127] 188: 679-80, 1944. Scharrer, B. — Experimental tumors in an insect. [68] 102: 102. Shull, A. F. — Inheritance in lady beetles. III. Crosses be- tween variants of Hippodamia quinquesignata and between this species and H. convergens. [Jour. Hered.] 36: 148- 60, ill. Stewart, M. A. — Present knowledge of the status of vectors of sylvatic plague in No. Am. [125] 4: 433-37. Stojanovich, C. J. — Head and mouthparts of the sucking lice (Anoplura). [117] 10: 1-46, ill. Wiltshire, E. P.- Is the diapause in insects eradicable? [21] 57: 49-51. Yeager, J. F, — Blood picture of the southern army worm (Prodenia eridania). [47] 71 (1): 1-40, ill. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223 ARCHNIDA & MYRIOPODA— Chamberlin & Cham- berlin. — Genera & sps. of the Triclenchthoniclae (Dithidae). [Hull. Univ. Utah] 35: No. 23, 67 pp., ill. (*). Cooley & Kohls. — Antricola new genus. Amblyomma gertschi new species and notes on Ixodes spinipalpis. [130] 57 (46) : 1733-1736. ill., 1942. Ixodes baergi, a n.sp. of tick from Ar- kansas. 57 (49): 1869-1872, ill. Davis, G. E.— Ornitho- doros turicata : the male, feeding and copulation habits, fertility, span of life and the transmission of relapsing fever spirochetes. [130] 56 (36): 1799-1802, 1941. Goodnight, C. J. & M. L. — Additional Phalangida from Mexico. [40J No. 1281, 17 pp., ill. (*). Gibson, W. W.— List of spiders collected near Memphis, Tenn. [49] 20: 214-17. Hoff, C. C. — New Neotropical Diplosphyronida (Chelonethida). [40] No. 1288, 17 pp.. ill. Hoffmann, A. — Neoschoengastia nunezi n. sp. (Acarina). [56] 5: 221-25, ill. Howell, D. E.— Ecology of Dermacentor albipictus. [125] 4: 439-58. Keifer, H. H. — Eriophyid mites, especially imported species in Calif. [125] 4: '397-401. Marietta, Bustamante y Varela. — Hallazgo del Rhipicephalus sanguinelus in fectado naturalmente con fiebre manchada de las montanas rocosas, en Sonora Mexico. [56] 5 : 297-300. Muma, M. H.— New and interesting spiders from Maryland. [95] 58: 91-102, ill. Philip, C .B. — Rocky Mountain spotted fever: known and potential tick vectors in the U. S. [Proc. 6th Pacific Sci. Cong., Pacific Sci. Assoc.] 5: 581-84. Pierce, W. D.- (See under General.) Schubart, O. — Sobre os represen- tantes Brasileiros da familia Spirostreptida. [15] 17: 51- 87, ill. Tovar, R. M. — Existencia del Dermacentor parum- apertus, Amblyomma inornatum y A. maculatum en Mexico. [56] 5: 293-95. SMALLER ORDERS AND ORTHOPTERA— Alpa- tov, Nastjukova & Chartulary. — Eggs of the body and head form of Pediculus humanus L. in relation to the breeding- conditions. [Zoologitsheskij Journal] 24 (1) : 42-47, ill. (In Russian, summary in English.) Crawford, J. C.— North Amer. sp. of the gen. Isochaetothrips (Thysanop.). [10] 179-82 (*). Eraser, F. C.— Note on the importance of Eolestes svnthetica in the phylogeny of the Odonata. [107] 20 (4-6) : 54-56, ill. Jellison, W/L.— Siphonaptera : the genera Amphalius and Ctenophyllus in North America. [130] 56 (49): 2341-2349, ill., 1941. Jellison & Good.- Index to the literature of Siphonaptera of North America. [National Inst. Health] P.ull. 178: 194 pp.. 1942. Kohls, 224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 G. M. — Siphonaptera a study of the species infesting- wild hares and rabbits of North America north of Mexico. [National Institute of Health] Bull. 175: 34 pp., ill., 1940 (k). La Rivers, I. — (See under Hymenoptera.) Pierce, W. D. — (See under General.) HEMIPTERA— De Long, D. M.— Genus Chlorotettix in Mexico (Cicalel.). [Lloydia] 8: 1-30, ill. (k*). Fen- nah, R. G. — Tropiduchidae of the Lesser Antilles (Homop, Fulgor). [10] 47: 137-67, ill. (k*). Fennah, R. G.— Ful- goroidea, or lanternflies of Trinidad and adjacent parts of S. Amer. [50] 95: 411-520, ill. (*). Freitag & Severin.- Insect transmission, host range and properties of the crinkle strain of western-celery-mosaic virus ; Transmission of celery-yellow-spot virus by the honeysuckle aphid, Rho- palosiphum conii (Dvd.) ; Poison-hemlock-ringspot virus and its transmission by aphids to celery. [Hilgardia] 16 (8) : 361-74, ill. ; 375-388, ill. ; 389-410, ill. Griffith, M. E. -Environment, life history and structure of the water boatment, Ramphocorixa acuminata (Corixid). [45] 30: 241-366, ill. Knowlton, G. F. — Rabbitbush Aphid notes. [19] 40: 43. Knull, D. J. — Eleven new leaf hoppers with notes on others (Cicadell). [43] 45: 103-10, ill. Tissot, A. N. — Cinara osborniana noni.n. (A correction). [39] 27: 102. Usinger, R. L. — Distribution and host relationship of No. and C. Amer. Triatominae. [125] 4: 459-61. Usinger, R. L. — Triatominae of No. & C. Amer. & W. Indies and their public health significance. [U. S. Pub. Health Bull.] 288: 83 pp., ill., 1944 (*k). Woods, S. F.- Habitat of California cone-nosed bugs Triatoma protracta, naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. [38] 44: 18- 19, ill. LEPIODOPTERA— Bouhniol, J. J.— (See under Ana- tomy.) Comstock, J. A. — Notes on the early stages of Nemoria delicataria. [38] 44: 20-21. ill. Fender, K.- Mixed up butterfly (aberration of Euphydryas colon). [19] 40: 54. Hovanitz, W. — Distribution of Colias in the Equatorial Andes. Comparisons of some Andean butter- fly faunas. [Caldasia. Bol. Inst. Cien. Nat. Univ. Nac. Colombia] 3: 283-300; 301-306. Ingram, Holloway & Wilson. — (See under General.) Pierce, W. D. — (See under General.) Rawson, G. W. — Interesting problems con- nected with the checkered white butterfly Pieris protodice. [19] 40: 49-54. Sanford, L. J. — Anteos maerula, a new butterfly recorded from Florida. [6] 53: 136. Schwan- Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS witsch, N. — On the ground plan of the wing-pattern of lepidoptera. [Zool. Jour., Moscow] 24: 99-111, ill. (Rus- sian with Engl. sum.) Ureta, E. — Lepidopteros Ropalo- ceros de Bolivia. [131] 19: 31-41, 1941. Rev. de las esp. Chilenas del gen. Automeris (Saturn). [131] 20: 51-80, ill. (*), 1942. Rev. del gen. Polythysana (Saturn.). [131] 21: 55-70, ill. (S), 1943. DIPTERA — Aitken, T. H. G. — Anopheles complex in Calif. [125] 4: 463-86, ill. Alexander, C. P.— Undescribed species of Tipula from Western N. Amer. I. [19] 40: 33- 37. New or little known Tipulidae. LXXII. Neotropical sps. [75] 12: 8-38. Barretto, M. P.— Sobre o genero Culi- coides, 1809, com a descr. de tres n. esp. (Ceratopogonid). [Anais Fac. Med. Univ. S. Paulo] 20: 89-105, ill. (S). Bromley, S. W. — Insect enemies of the house fly, Musca domestica. [6] 53 : 145-52. Robber fly and Japanese beetle. [19] 40: 44-47. Christophers, S. R.— Structure of the Culex egg and egg-raft in relation to function. [36] 95 (2) : 25-34, ill. Eyles, D. E. — Critical rev. of the literature relating to the flight and dispersion habits of anopheline mosquitoes. [U. S. Pub. Health Bull.] 287: 39 pp., 1944. Eyles & Bishop. — Microclimate of diurnal resting places of Anopheles quadrimaculatus in the vicinity of Reelfoot Lake. 1 130] 58 (6): 217-30, 1943. Frohne, W. C.- Reconnaissance of anopheline larval habitats and charac- teristic desmids of the Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. [130] 57 (33) : 1209-1217, 1942. Galvas & Damascene.— Ob- servacoes sobre anofelinos do complexo albitarsis (Culecid). [Anais Fac. Med. Univ. S. Paulo] 20: 73-87, ill. Good, N. E. — List of mosquitoes of the District of Columbia. [10] 47: 168-79. Hardy, D. E.— Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae incl. Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria. [45] 30: 367-548, ill. (*). Harmston & Knowlton.— Status of Liancalus limbatus (Delicti.). [19] 40: 55-56. Headlee, T. J. — Mosquitoes of New Jersey and their control. 326 pp., ill.. New Brunswick. Komp, W. H. W. — Anopheline mosquitoes of the Caribbean region. [National Institute of Health] Bull. 179, 194 pp., ill. (k), 1942. Komp, W. H. W. -Technique for staining, dissecting and mounting the male terminalia of mosquitoes. [130] 57 (36): 1327-1333, ill., 1942. Matheson, R. — Descr. of 2 n.sps. Paratrichobius anduzei and Nycteribosca granclemonti (Streblid). [17] 31: 191-94, ill. (S). Miller, D. — Generic name changes in Diptera. [108] 14 (5-6): 72. Pierce, W. D.— (See under 226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 General). Pritchard & Pratt. — I. A comparison of light trap and animal bait trap anopheline mosquito collections in Puerto Rico. II. A list of the mosquitoes of Puerto Rico. [130] 59 (7): 221-33, ill., 1944. Rapp & Cooper.- Check-list of the Psychodidae of Europe. [6] 53: 117-26. Steyskal, G. — Behavior of Thaumatomyia (= Chloropisca) species (Chloropid.). [19] 40: 48. Vargas, L. — Algunas consideraciones sobre Anopheles occidentalis (Culicid). [56] 5: 2; 5-19, ill. Vargas, L. — Simulidos del nuevo mundo. [Monogr. Inst. Salub. Enferm. Trop.] 1 : 241 pp., ill. Wilcox & Martin. — Contributions from the Los An- geles Museum Challe Channel Islands Biological Survey. Robber flies (Asilid.). [38] 44: 10-17, ill. (*). COLEOPTERA— Balfour-Browne J.— Genera of the Gyrinoidea and their genotypes. [75] 12: 103-11. Bart- lett K. A. — Collection in Trinidad ancl Southern Brazil of Coccinellids predatory on bamboo scales. [125] 4: 339-44, ill. Blackwelder, R. E. — Checklist of the coleopteraus in- sects of Mexico, C. Amer. the West Indies and S. Amer.. 3. [Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.] 185: 343-550. Bromley, S. W.- (See under Diptera.) Butt, F. H. — (See under Anatomy.) Cartwright, O. L. — Ataenius darlingtoni a synonym of A. salutator. [19] 40: 47. Clausen, C. P. — Some factors re- lating to colonization, recovery, and establishment of insect parasites. [125] 4: 421-28. Ewer, R. F.— Effect of grain size on the oviposition of Calandra granaria (Curculi- onidae). [107] 20 (4-6): 57-63. Hinton, H. E.— Synop- sis of the Brazilian sps. of Cylloepus (Elmid). [75] 12: 43-67, ill. (k*). Knull, J. N— New sp. of Agrilus from Kentucky (Buprest.). [43] 45 : 80-81, ill. Larson, N. P.- Activity of blister beetle, triungulins. [Proc. So. Dakota Acacl. Sci.] 23: 31-32. Linsley, E. G. — Origin and dis- tribution of the Cerambycidae of N. Amer. with special reference of the fauna of the Pacific slope. [125] 4: 269- 82, ill. Michelbacher, A. G. — (See under General.) Otoyo, F. — Anotaciones sobre el gen. Ancognatha y descr. de una n. esp. (Scarabaeid). [Caldasia. Bol. Inst. Cien. Nat. Univ. Nac. Colombia] 3: 273-82, ill. Park, O. — Preliminary study of the Pselaphidae of the Guianas. [Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci.] 7: 277-327, ill. (*). Shull, A. F.— (See under Physiology.) Tottenham, C. E. — Some notes on the nom- enclature of the Staphylinidae. [108] 14 (5-6): 70-71. Van Dyke, E. C. — Origin and distribution of the coleop- terous insect fauna of N. Am. [125] 4: 255-68. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 227 HYMENOPTERA— Baker & Bradley. — Colonization of imported parasites of the European corn borer in the U. S. [125] 4: 325-33. Cushman, R. A. — Ichneumon-flies of the gen. Cryptanura, mainly Tropical America. [50] 96: 139- 76 (*). Donisthorpe & Morley. — Alphabetical list of scien- tific terms used in myrmecology. [107] 20 (4-6) : 43-49. La Rivers, I. — Wasp Chlorion laeviventris as a natural con- trol of the mormon cricket. [119] 33: 743-63. Malkin, B. —Supplement to the N. Y. State list of Coleoptera. [6] 53: 91-116. Michener, C. D. — Distributional history of N. Am. bees. [125] 4: 297-303. Pate, V. S. L— Synonymical note on Ammoplanopterus (Sphecid.). [19] 40: 37. On two holarctic pemphilidine wasps. [19] 40: 38-43. Pe- reira, F. R. — Lista de himenopteros del Valle de Azapa, Chile. [131] 19: 133-34, 1941 (*). Schwartz, H. F.— (See under General.) Wolcott, G. N. — Introduction from Brazil and establishment in Puerto Rico of Larra americana. [125] 4: 347-50. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 6. — Jour. New York Entom. Soc. 10. — Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 15. — Anais Acad. Brasil. Cien., Rio. 17.— Jour, of Parasitology. 19.- — Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc. 21. — Entom. Record & Jour. Variation. 36. — Trans. R. Entom. Soc. London. 38. — Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 39. —Florida Entomologist. 40. — Amer. Museum Novitate's. 43. — Ohio Jour. Sciences. 47. — Jour.Agr. Research. 49.— Jour. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 50. — Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 54. Scientific Monthly. 56. — Rev. Inst. Salub. y Enfer. Tropic. Mex. 68. — Science, New York. 75. — Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 90.— American Nat. 92.— Biological Bull. 95.- Proc. Biolog. Soc. Wash. 97. — Jour. Animal Ecology. 107.— Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (A). 108.— Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (B). 111. — Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 117.— Microentom., Stanford Univ. 119. — Amer. Midland Nat. 125.— Proc. 6th Pacific Sci. Cong., Pacific Sci. Assoc. 127. — Comp. R. Soc. Biologic, Paris. 130.— U. S. Pub. Health Reports. 131.— Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., Santiago de Chile. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted — Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both imagos and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. 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R. de la Torre-Bueno STAYS IN ANY POSITION RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York I Subscriptions for 1946 are now due. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS NOVEMBER 1945 „ ._ U.o. HATL. B5U5, Vol. LVI No. 9 CONTENTS Benesch — Remarks on the genus Apterodorcus 229 Tuthill— On the Psyllidae of Cuba 235 Usinger — Notes on the genus Cryptostemma 238 Forbes — The geometrid tracheation 242 Grant — More on the origin of flight 243 Personals 245 Notes and News in Entomology 246 Current Entomological Literature 249 Review — The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut. Fasc. I 259 Obituary— Fd. Le Cerf 259 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OP NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages. 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50 $2.75; additional at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at IVa cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVI NOVEMBER, 1945 No. 9 Some Remarks on the Genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) S By BERNARD BENESH, North Chicago, Illinois Dr. G. J. Arrow, of the British Museum (Natural History), recently proposed a new genus Apterodorcus for Lucamts bacchus Hope and Westwood (1845), giving a sketchy idea of the characters defining the genus. The purpose of the present contribution is to amplify the generic characters, by description and illustrations, thus facilitating identification of the insect. APTERODORCUS Arrow (1943). Figs. 1-10 Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 12: 139, 1943. Ztoraw Dejean (1837), Solier (1851), Philippi (1859). Lucanus Hope and Westwood (1845). Sclerostomns Burmeister (1847). Sclerognathus Philippi (1887),Heyne and Taschenberg (1909), Van Roon (1910), Bruch (1911), Germaine (1911), Kriesche (1922), Ruiz (1924), Porter (1934). Obovate, convex, black, dorsum subopaque, venter feebly shining. Head transverse, more than twice as broad as long, declivous in front, anterad nearly straight, clypeus prominent and feebly trilobate (in large individuals) or truncate (small individuals) ; anterior angles broadly rounded, diverging la- terad; eyes circumscribed half-way by the canthus; behind the eyes with an obtusely rounded dilatation protruding beyond the anterior angles of the prothorax, excavated on top and slightly bent upward; antennae (fig. 5) fairly long and slender, not dif- ferentiated in the sexes, scape as long as the funicle and clava. slightly bent ; funicle nearly twice as long as the clava, segments apparently of equal length, progressively broadening to the (229) DEC* a '45 230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 seventh segment, piceous, glabrous, shining; clava tri-lamellate, eighth and ninth segments twice as broad as long, lobate, lobes flattened and pubescent, with basal anterior portion glabrous, shining, ultimate segment semicircular and pubescent through- out; mandibles robust, multiform in males (figs. 9, 10), fairly constant in females (fig. 8), rounded externally, inside deeply hollowed. Prothorax broader than long, front margin slightly emargi- nate, anterior angles obtuse, gently diverging and arcuate to basal third, obliquely truncate to basal angles,, which are obtuse, base straight ; lateral and basal margin slightly reflexed ; pro- notum less convex in the male, simple; female, on the anterior margin with two close median tubercles. Scutellum parabolic, broader than long. Elytra fused, broadest near the middle, posterad regularly rounded in female, more attenuated in male. Legs fairly long and stout ; anterior tibiae broad, terminal furcation well developed and bent downward in large <£<£ (fig. 8) , followed by three to four irregularly spaced strong spines ; intermediate and posterior tibiae armed with two spines, the median very strong and two to three times as long as the other ; tarsi one third shorter than the tibiae, praetarsus as long as the four succeeding segments combined, segments ventrad beset with long golden setae. Head and pronotum irregularly punctured by shallow, well- spaced punctures, the pronotum of female more polished and shining; elytra finely rugulose sculptured and, in proportion, longer in the female. Both sexes apterous. Beneath, mentum (fig. 1) broader than long, anterior angles broadly rounded, Explanations of the Figures FIG. 1. Mentum and labium, dorsal view (?). FIG. 2. Maxillae, dorsal view, (a) female, (b) male. FIG. 3. Genitalia, ventral view (?)• FIG. 4. Genitalia, male, (a) ventral view, (b) lateral view. FIG. 5. Right antenna, male. FIG. 6. Left anterior tibia ($). FIG. 7. Head and anterior portion of prothorax (?), (a) lateral aspect. FIG. 8. Right anterior tibit (c?). FIG. 9. Mandibles of male (minor development), (a) lateral aspect. FIG. 10. Mandibles of male (maximum development), (a) lateral aspect. Scale A = figures 1-5. Scale B = figures 6-10. Ivi, '45 I ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 231 B.B. 232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov.,'45 narrowing towards base, rugose; maxillae (fig. 2) strongly con- stricted in front of the palpifer, inner lobe (lacinia) hooked in the female (fig. 2-a), simple in the male (fig. 2-b). Designated genotypes: Lucanus bacchus Hope and Westwood (1845), <^; Dorcus bipunctatus Philippi (1859), $. Apterodorcus bacchus (Hope and Westwood) (1845) Lucanus bacchus Hope and Westwood, Catalogue of the Luca- noid Coleoptera, p. 26, 1845. Dorcus bipunctatus Philippi, Anales Universidad de Santiago, 16:656,1859. Hope and Westwood (1845) : "Latus niger laevis elytris punctatis, capite lato antice declivi ; mandibulis maris vix capitis longitudine intus obtuse dentatis in medio ; oculis septo simplici parum incisis, lateribus pone oculos in tuberculum conicum exsertis; prothorace maris transverse angulis posticis rotun- datis, elytris vix longioribus quam latis lateribus rotundatis, tibiis anticis 4-5 dentatis posticis in medio 1 -dentatis apicibusque externis acutis. Long. corp. mas. (mand. inclus.) lin. 12^. Habitat Chiloe." Philippi (1859) : "D. niger, subovatus, capite angustiore quam thorax punctato, punctis in margine anteriore lateribusque profundius et magis confertis ; mandibulis punctatis, extus bi- carinatis, supra planis ; tergo prothoracis punctato, punctis in medio haud obliteratis antice in medio marginis punctis duobus elevatis notato; elytris valde punctatis (punctis postice inulto minoribus), antice sulcis abbreviatis confuse notatis; ventre nitidiore, lateribus valde punctato. Long, cum mandibulis 12y2 lin. ; latit. capitis inter oculos 3% lin. ; latit. thoracis 5y2 lin. ; latit. elytrorum totidem." 1 Philippi's selection of the name bipunctatus is unfortunate and misleading; what were described as punctures are really the two frontal tubercles on the pronotum, for which "binodo- sus" or "bituberculatus" would be more appropriate. The insect is well figured by Ruiz (1924) and Porter (1934) ; however, the indication of the sexes J1 and 5 is erroneous as 1 The writer desires to express his deep appreciation to Senor Ramon Gutierrez of Santiago, Chile, for the copy of this description. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NF.VVS 233 both examples are males. Similar examples to those figured by Ruiz (1924) are reproduced here in figures 9 and 10; figure 9 portrays a small male, which agrees in every particular \vith the small male used by Ruiz for the illustration, and figure 10 represents a male of maximum development, which Ruiz in- dicated as the female (!) of the species. The <§ genitalia here figured (fig. 4) were dissected from the latter specimen and the $ genitalia (fig. 3) were obtained from a specimen repro- duced in figure 7. The female genitalic characters are similar to the lucanid genera Plwlidotns Macl., Lamprima Latr. and Figulus Macl., with which group the insect probably is to be associated. The measurements of the insects 2 are : length X width, in millimeters c? (No. 796) rf (No. 4635) ? (No. 4906) •• Overall 29.0 24.4 26.9 Mandibles 4.4 3.1 2.6 Head 4.8 X 10.7 3.1 X 8.8 3.8 X 8.4 Prothorax 6.8X11.9 6.0X10.2 7.0x11.1 Elytra 13.1X11.6 11.5X10.3 14.6X11.5 The species ranges from the 35th degree southern latitude southward, along the eastern and western slopes of the Cordil- leras, in Argentina and Chile, subsisting, according to Ruiz (1924), on beech (Nothojagns obliqua). Kriesche (1922), in recording some lucanid species from Argentina, apparently over- looked Bruch's "Catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina," when he states : "On this occasion I would like to communicate, as hitherto no lucanids \vere known from Argentina, the geographically interesting fact that the Berlin Museum has Sclerognathns baccluis Hp. caelatus Blanch., femoralis Guer., and vitatns Eschsch. from Neuquen:" Bruch recorded all these, plus fainnairci Parry, eleven years earlier, from Rio Negro, N. Huapi, and Neuquen. Also assigned to Apterodorcus, solely on its comparison with bacchus, is Deyrolle's tristis, described in following fashion: "Allied to 5\ Bacchus, as regards size and form, but more de- pressed, and more opaque. Mandibles somewhat similar, but - Deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 3 Figures 10, 9 and 7, respectively. 234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov.,'45 presenting a kind of inclined plane from the external margin to the interior teeth, with a rounded tubercle in the middle of this plane in lieu of the ridge which exists in S. Bacchus. Head nearly similar, except the post-ocular tubercles which are less developed laterally, and much more so posteriorly. Prothorax with its sides more parallel, especially behind ; its posterior angles, although likewise truncate, are much more pronounced. Scutellum half the size of that of its congener. Elytra flatter, more opaque, punctuation similar to that of 5\ Bacchus. Be- neath much more opaque. Finally, this species is distinguished by its general form, its more quadrate prothorax, its very small scutellum, and its generally more opaque aspect. Hab. — Chili. Coll. Mniszech. (H. Deyrolle.)" The species is unknown to the writer, and Dr. Arrow, from whom data were sought on the insect, states (letter Nov. 8, 1944) : "I am inclined to think it must be something quite un- known to me. It is, I suppose, in the Oberthur collection." Only critical comparison of the typical material will prove whether the species is distinct; however, we are strongly in- clined to consider it synonymous with bacchus, as some char- acters mentioned in the description are actually lacking, the ridge, for example, being non-existent. Synonymies and Systematic Bibliography Apterodorcus Arrow. bacchus (Hope and Westwood), Cat. Lucan. Coleop., p. 26, 1845.— Philippi. An. Univ. Santiago, 71 : 681, 1887.— Heyne and Taschenberg, Exot. Kafer in Wort u. Bild. p. 56, pi. 8, fig. 19 3, 1909.— Van Roon, Coleop. Cat., 8: 44, 1910.— Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 17: 181, 1911.— Kriesche, Stett. Ent. Ztg., 83: 127, 1922.— Ruiz, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., 28: 76-80, fig. <$<$, 1924.— Porter, 1, c., 38: 188-197, 1934. bipunctatus (Philippi), Anal. Univ. Santiago, 16: 656, 1859; 1. c., 71 : 681. 1887.— Germain, Bol. Mus. Nacional, Santiago. 3: 47-73, 1911. cJiilcnsis (Dejean), Cat., 3rd ed., p. 193, 1837. — Parry, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 2: 94, 1864. darzvini (Burm.), Tand. d. Ent., 5: 424, 1847. — Solier, in Gay's Hist. fis. y polit. de Chile, Zool., 5 : 49, 1851. tristis (Deyrolle), Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 95, 1870. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 235 Further Observations on the Psyllidae of Cuba (Homoptera) By LEONARD D. TUTHILL, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa Herewith are presented observations on some psyllids re- ceived from S. C. Bruner of the Estacion Experimental Agro- nomica, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, since the publication of the author's previous article on Cuba Psyllidae.1 PLATYCORYPHA new genus Head large, wider than thorax. Vertex with distinct medial suture, rounded smoothly into frons. Frons visible between genae as narrow sclerite. Genae swollen ventrally, not conical. Antennae long and slender. Thorax broad, flat dorsally. Mesoepisternum strongly produced ventrad. Proximal seg- ment of metacoxa with two black claws. Forewings large, broadly rounded apically, vein Ra very short, with large ptero- stigma, cubital cell broad. Genotype : Platycorypha princeps n. sp. A member of the subfamily Pauropsyllinae, the species for which this genus is erected shows affinities to both Heteropsylla and to Paurocephala magnijrons. The principal points of difference from the latter are the very broad head, distinctly wider than the thorax, the narrow frons, the very short Ra and broad cubital cell in the forewing. It differs from Heteropsylla in the much greater size, larger head, wing venation and type of genitalia. Platycorypha princeps new species Length to tip of folded wings 3.5-4 mm. Color: Females entirely green except antennae dark apically and tip of genital segment dark. Males usually with thorax, at least, yellow. Wings hyaline. Structure: Head large, wider than extreme width of thorax including wing bases. Vertex short and broad, rounded down anteriorly, smoothly continuous with frons, a sharp suture be- tween vertex and genae, medial suture prominent. Lateral 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 55 : 93-96, 1944. 236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 ocelli large, borne on raised prominences of vertex at posterior angle of eyes. Frons nearly covered by enlarged genae. Median ocellus large. Genae swollen ventrad, somewhat angu- larly produced, not conical. Clypeus prominent, broad. An- tennae very long and slender, 3.3 times as long as width of head, longer than body. Eyes large, deep constriction around base. Thorax broad, moderately arched dorsally. Pronotum long. Mesoepisternum very strongly produced ventrad. Meta- coxa with small caudal spurs, not produced anteriorly. Meta- tibia with large basal spine, several black spines apically. Proximal segment of metatarsus with two black clawlike spines. Forewings large, broad, rounded apically; basal vein short, M and Cu with common petiole, R long, Rx very short to large pterostigma, Rs sinuate, long, marginal cells large, cubital much larger than medial, Ct^ strongly arched. Venation of hind wings prominent, R and M with common petiole. Male genitalia small. Proctiger short, produced caudad as blunt lobes. Forceps as long as proctiger, stout, simple, black- tipped; in lateral view somewhat turned caudad apically; in caudal view broad, arched, apices almost touching. Female genital segment small, much shorter than rest of abdomen, dorsal valve high, abruptly narrowed to short, upturned styli- form apex, ventral valve nearly as long as dorsal, sharp apically. Holotype, male, allotype female, 5 male and 7 female para- types, 1 fifth instar nymph collected at Santiago de las Vegas, Habana, Cuba, June 22-28, 1944, by S. C. Bruner and V. Barry on Myroxylon toluiferwn H. B. K., "Balsamo de Guate- mala." Two additional female paratypes are from Mexico, one bearing the data, "Finca Esperanza, Chiapas, June 29, 1938, Dr. R. Nettel col." the other, "Jalapa, Veracruz, March 30, 1933, Alfonso Dampf col." The holotype, allotype and paratypes are in the author's col- lection, paratypes are also in the collections of the Estacion Experimental Agronomica and Alfonso Dampf. Heteropsylla cubana Crawford ' Several specimens collected by J. Acufia and S. C. Bruner at Santiago de las Vegas, Havana, February 6, 1944, were breed- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237 ing on Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth., "aroma blanca." These are identical with Crawford's specimens which were collected at Havana from the same host plant. The specimens which Crawford included as paratypes taken from Poinciana rcgia at Santiago de las Vegas are distinct and represent a species ap- parently undescribed. As no type specimen was selected by Crawford one of the males from Havana is being selected as the type. Epicarsa sp. One female specimen belonging to this genus was collected by S. C. Bruner at Santiago de las Vegas, November 16, 1923. This is apparently distinct from Epicarsa corniculata described from one male from Para, Brazil, but due to the condition of the specimen and the paucity of information available concerning this genus it is not described at this time. Coelocara new name The author's prior use of this name (Ent. News, 55: 93, 1944) is a nomen nudum under the amended International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. This name is proposed to replace Freysuila Sch\varz which was described in the Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 4 : 196, 1899. Schwarz did not have the same insect before him as that originally described by Aleman under the name Frey-siiila dugcsii. The latter is a member of the Psyllinae. The type species of the genus Coelocara is Coelocara schwarsi (new name for F. dugesii Schwarz). Mitrapsylla cubana Crawford Several males and females from Victoria de las Tunas, Oriente Province, March 29, 1916, collected by J. R. Johnston, appear to be this species. The specimens are mostly quite teneral but are without indication of host plant. The male forceps are similar to those described by Crawford for .17. albalineata. 238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 Katacephala grandiceps Crawford Bruner writes that this species, which has not previously been recorded from Cuba, is evidently rather common in the lowland forest growth. Specimens at hand are from Cojimar, Havana Province, July 29, 1928, collected by S. C. Bruner. Katacephala tenuipennis Tuthill One specimen of this form is from Santiago de Cuba, Oriente Providence, October 4. 1928, F. Silvestri and S. C. Brunei- collectors. Notes on the Genus Cryptostemma with a New Record for Georgia and a New Species from Puerto Rico (Hemiptera: Cryptostemmatidae) By ROBERT L. USINGER, University of California The genus Cryptostemma H. S. 1835 (= Dipsocoris Haliday. 1855) is well known in Europe where the type and only species, alwninn H. S., is apparently quite common. Butler (1923) describes the habits of alienuin in Britain as follows: "The favorite haunts of Dipsocoris are the large banks of shingle that are to be met with here and there beside most of our Scottish rivers. In such places, on turning over stones near the edge of the water, one is almost certain to see the little creature gliding swiftly along among the damp gravel, and hiding itself in some crevice. As far as I have seen, it does not appear to like too much wet, and I have never noticed it, as Haliday seems to have done, on the water, nor flying. When alive, the wing- cases are purplish-brown with a whitish bloom-like gloss pro- duced by the fine adpressed hairs with which they are covered." In 1925 McAtee and Malloch first recorded the genus from the Western Hemisphere, describing three new species as fol- lows: pedunculatum from Panama (one specimen); smitlii from the Island of Grenada, B.W.I., (two specimens) ; and •nhlcri from Mexico and the island of St. Vincent, B.W.I., (two Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.\VS 239 specimens). Nothing was added on the biology of these American species. I can now record the collecting of large numbers of these insects along streams in the mountains of North Georgia and high up in the Sierra Palm Forest on El Yunque in Puerto Rico. In both cases the bugs occurred under conditions iden- tical with those described by Butler. It seems clear that Cryptostcinina will prove to be a widely distributed genus when collectors concentrate on its particular microhabitat. Cryptostemma uhleri McAtee and Malloch Found commonly beneath stones along the banks of the stream which forms the outlet to Lake Trahlyta, Vogel State Park, Georgia, Sept. 9, 1943. Both nymphs and adults were taken. The adults resembled small Collembola superficially and moved so fast that it was necessary to stop them with a little pressure of a finger before picking them up with forceps. These specimens key out to uhleri and agree with the female holotype. No. 27576, U.S.N.M., Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, April 11, 1908, A. Fenyes Coll., which I have examined, in size, pronotal proportions, and hemelytral venation but differ in being slightly darker in color. When males of the Mexican species are collected it may be found that genitalic differences exist between Mexican and Georgian forms. Meanwhile, the name uhleri must be used since the females show no significant differential characters. The male genital claspers of Georgia specimens are described below. The right clasper is a broadly expanded plate-like appendage, half as broad as long, with the sides sinuate and the upper or inner apical angle slightly produced. The left clasper differs from the left clasper of pedunculatum in being more uni- formly slender throughout, obliquely bent at apical fourth, and not enlarged at apex. Presumably these large, asymmetrical claspers are homologues of the basal pair of large, symmetrical clasping organs "emanating from lateral margins of the seg- ment in front of base of the hypopygium proper" (McAtee and Malloch, pp. 3 and 4) . Smaller appendages occur on the dorsal 240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 surface of the capsule itself but details of these will have to await a comparative study of the male genitalia in this entire group. I find no similarities or even homologous structures in the single damaged male of alienum H. S. before me. Cryptostemma pratti new species Relatively short and broad with costal margins of hemelytra expanded, sinuate subbasally and constricted at cuneal fracture. Color fulvous with whitish testaceous clavi, except apically and narrowly at bases. Discal and apical cells of hemelytra narrow at point of contact, neither separated by a longitudinal vein nor by a distinct transverse vein. Head almost half again as broad as long, 18:: 13, the eyes one-fourth as wide as interocular space, 3 : : 12, slightly less than twice as long as broad, S1/^ : : 3, upper surface strongly convex, impressed at base of convex clypeus. Rostrum not reaching apices of front coxae, stout at base, tapering apically. Antennae approximately twice as long as width of pronotum, 50 : : 24, proportion of segments one and two, 31/-> : : 7, the third and fourth segments subequal, each about three times as long as second. Pronotum slightly longer than head, 12:: 11, twice as broad as long, the anterior angles and humeral angles rounded. An- terior and posterior margins nearly straight, lateral margins straight but flaring posteriorly. Disk moderately elevated, calli indistinguishable except for a short transverse impression be- hind each antero-lateral angle. Scutellum broader than long, 14 : : 9, the sides straight and disk flat. Hemelytra two and one-half times as long as width of pronotum, 59 : : 24, the corium comprising half the length and the cuneus comprising one-fourth of the total length along costal margin. Costal margin roundly expanded just behind base, then briefly straight along expanded embolium. Broadly arcu- ate behind basal sixth to cuneal fracture. Fracture very deep, reaching middle of corial disk, slightly oblique. Venation as in pcdunculatum except that the discal and apical cells are strongly narrowed at point of contact, the apical cell not pedunculate but narrowly joined to basal cell. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 241 Male genitalia strongly asymmetrical, without the plate-like appendage of the right side as described for ithleri. The left clasper is narrow and slightly arcuate, four times as long as wide, with a subapical bristle arising from one side and curving out beyond rounded apex. A pale mediodorsal arm projects backward from the base of the capsule and this may be homol- ogous with the small "clasper" illustrated by McAtee and Mai- loch for pcdiinculatum. The structure is broader throughout and expands into short rounded propections at apex. There are two tapering immovable arms, one short and sinuate and directed to the left at middle of base and the other long and straight, tapering to an acute apex, arising from the left side of capsule at apical third and directed to the right. Color uniformly pale brown to fulvous except for stramine- ous disk of clavus and white wings beneath this area, the ex- treme base and broad apex of clavus fulvous, however. Eyes reddish. Legs, rostrum and antennae testaceous. Size: Length 1.36 mm., width (pronotum) 0.41 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and seven paratypes, col- lected beneath stones at a mountain waterfall, El Yunque, PUERTO Rico, April 29, 1945. The species is named after Dr Harry Pratt who did so much to facilitate my work in Puerto Rico. The types have been deposited in the U. S. National Museum. This species is certainly closest to pedunculatuvn but that species has a pedunculate apical cell, unicolorous hemelytra, and entirely different left genital claspers. REFERENCES BUTLER, E. A. 1923. A biology of the British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. London, pp. viii + 682 (pp. 308-309). HALIDAY, A. H. 1855. Nat. Hist. Review, vol. 2, Proc. Soc. p. 61, pi. 2, fig. 3. HERRICH-SCHAFFER, G. A. W. 1835. In Panzer, G. W. F., Faunae In- sectorum Germanicae oder Deutschlands Insecten, No. 135, p. 11. McAxEE, W. L. and J. R. MALI.OCH. 1925. Revision of bugs of the family Cryptostemmatidae in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 67, Art. 13, pp. 1-42, pis. 1-4. 242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS The Geometrid Tracheation [Nov., '45 By WM. T. M. FORBES, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York I am not aware that any tracheation of this family has been published, and the interpretation of the radial system is a little uncertain. Through the kindness of Mr. Lawrence Rupert I have two fresh pupae of Semiothisa granitata, that show most of the tracheation very clearly, though the transparency is not sufficient to show a couple of important points. In both wings the basal connections are clear : Sc and R are each separate stems from the base of the wing, but run parallel ; median is separate, but definitely belongs to the posterior group of tracheae, curving up from behind ; 1st A is from the base of Cu, separating about where the joint of the wing would be in the adult, and the other anals are on a separate stem, the two anals of the hind wing separating abruptly at base of wing. Pupal Tracheation of Semiothisa granitata In the fore wing radius shows its forking very clearly in the younger pupa, which has 7?4+5 and R2+:, separate, but R^ arising out of the base of the stalk of R2+s ; in the later one R} has fused with Sc, except for a very short oblique piece, and J?:, and 4 have fused for a substantial distance. The accessory cell, then, is the true one (1st J^.,) and the missing radial branch in this form is R^ (except for the minute fragment which becomes the "cross-vein" between the accessory cell and Sc). The stem of media forks abruptly into three at the point which would represent the end of the cell, but this may be assumed to be a secondary condition, since there is no likelihood that the discocellulars are deflected portions of M: and M... First Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 243 A shows its trachea plainly, but there is only one more trachea, 3rd A being unrepresented. In the hind wing, so far as it can be seen through the pad of the fore wing, Rl can be seen plainly arising out of the R- trachea near its base and joining Sc ; and the media is so far as visible like the fore wing, but unfortunately M^ could not be seen. As the upper of the two visible tracheae is exactly in line with the base it is probably the trachea of the missing vein M2. First A is normal, and 2d and 3rd A simple, there being no sign of the forking of 3rd A which some primitive forms show. Whether this tracheation is normal for the whole family is of course a question, since the Geometridae are notoriously un- stable in venation — closely related forms, and even individuals of the same species, often showing quite different arrangements of the radial branches. In fact the condition of the very primi- tive South American Hedylinae suggests that the true ace. cell (1st R3} is on the way to obliteration, and that the two ar- cessory cells may in some groups be 1st Rl and 1st R2. The Hedylinae also have preserved the third anal in fore wing as a distinct vein, and should have an interesting tracheation. More on the Origin of Flight By CHAPMAN GRANT Dr. William T. M. Forbes says, in "The Origin of Wings and Venational Types in Insects," that the lateral extensions which later developed into wings "served to plane through the air, more or less like a flying squirrel or a flying fish, before true flight was developed." This is a thought that one often sees expressed and I believe that it is opposite to what really happened. In a note which appeared in "The Auk" covering this subject, I pointed out that in the case of soaring animals such as fish, squid, marsu- pial, squirrel, snake and lizard the gliding apparatus was per- fected and no musculature for flapping was developed. In this 244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 case the mortality by natural selection would eliminate the in- dividuals less apt at soaring, thus perfecting this art; e.g., if any soaring individual had made any attempt to flap instead of soar, it would have been less efficient at the moment with fatal results. Hence, once a soarer, always a soarer. On the other hand, animals that progressed on water, and possibly on land also, and were used to escaping by frantic efforts in the use of their limbs, were starting with muscle- activated organs. Individuals that, by the fortuitous flattening of the fore or of all four appendages used in swimming or otherwise, were able to sustain themselves in the air for one or two beats were on the right road to true flight. The individ- uals that could sustain themselves for three flaps survived, whereas their two-flap brethren fell. This, I believe, was the true origin of flight. How then did insects fare? Apparently their wings never were ambulatory organs? Turn again to Dr. Forbes who says, p. 382: ". . . we must call special attention to two leg-muscles running from the edge of the pleura to the coxa. . . ." So we do have a direct connection between the leg muscles and the tissues that were to develop into wings. Dr. Forbes now vi- sions, p. 383, "According to one school the pre-flying condition took the form of a strongly flattened insect, essentially like an apterous cockroach . . . that developed the habits of climbing up the trunks of the Devonian trees and planing off to a new locality. . . . Others would have in mind an insect that was at home in the water, and developed the habit of leaping out from time to time like a flying fish." Dr. Forbes follows the flying squirrel school of thought and goes on to say, p. 385, ". . . con- traction of the basalar muscle . . . would obviously pull the front of the wing down as well as move the leg. ..." We see that he now desired to dissociate the wing from the leg. So we are back to a creature that really flapped by muscular efforts of its appendages and not a planer. I resubmit that once a soarer always a soarer : That true flight developed irom creatures that could sustain themselves by violent exertion for a very short distance. My belief is that Ivi, '45J ENTOMOLOGICAL XFAVS 245 this did not happen on land, but that, as with birds, flight started in the water with the use of fin-like appendages, used for swim- ming. Certain groups took to surface swimming, pelagic life, and those which jumped clear and planed never learned to fly, whereas those that struggled along the surface by flapping did develop true flight by the escape of those which at first could sustain themselves for just one or two flaps. LITERATURE CITED FORBES, WM. T. M., The origin of wings and venational types in insects, Am. Midi. Nat., 1943, pp. 381-405. GRANT, CHAPMAN, On the origin of flight, The Auk, vol. 44, 1927, p. 121. Personals Dr. C. T. Brues. A dinner was given on October 3 at the Faculty Club of Harvard University in honor of Dr. Brues, pro- fessor of entomology, on the occasion of his retirement with the title of emeritus. There was an attendance of eighty. A bound book, containing letters of appreciation and a silver bowl were presented to him. Dr. F. M. Carpenter, who will succeed Dr. Brues as professor of entomology, presided. Dr. Charles P. Alexander, professor of entomology and head of the department of entomology and zoology, has been appointed acting dean of the newrly established School of Science at the Massachusetts State College. Dr. Angelo M. da Costa Lima, distinguished Brazilian entomologist, formerly of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz, on Au- gust 31 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Agronomy, honoris causa, by the Universidade Rural of Rio de Janeiro, being the first to receive this degree. Since Brazilians are not allowed to hold two positions in government-operated institutions, Dr. Costa Lima was obliged, some years ago, to give up his paid post at the Institute Oswaldo Cruz while retaining his post as Professor of Agricultural Entomology in the Escola Nacional de Agronomia. He has, nevertheless, continued to work at the 246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 Oswaldo Cruz three days a week without remuneration. Dr. Costa Lima is the author of "Insetos de Brazil" of which six volumes have been prepared and published. For this work, and by a government decree, he has received a monetary award of 140,000 cruzieros, with which sum he plans to travel in the United States, and if possible, also in England and on the Con- tinent. In 1943, the Entomological Society of America elected him an honorary fellow, he being the first and only foreigner to receive this honor. Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. "How Long Do Entomologists Live?" Reconsidered. It is doubtful that it would be worth while to write a scientific article to demonstrate that nonagenarians tend to die at an older age than babies in general. Nevertheless, Mr. Weiss ("How Long Do Entomologists Live?", Entomological News, LVI, 1945, pp. 189, 190) has found it at least interesting to point out, in a not too complimentary fashion, that entomologists tend to die at an older age than babies in general. The average age at death for 2,187 entomologists born 'be- tween 372 B.C. and 1920 A.D. was found to be 65.48 years, and for the 1,600 entomologists born between 1500 and 1859, the average age at death was 69.09 years. These are thought to be high averages. Confining our attention, for the moment, to the latter group, I should think it might be more fruitful to point out that, if entomologists lived no longer than people in general, they would have had to live by and large to at least age 54, ac- cording to the Breslau table cited (Halley's data) to be classified as famous entomologists, and to age 40, according to the U. S. life table (1930-39) for white males. In other words, for those who attain age 40, the average age at death is 69. One further note on the group of 2,187 entomologists. As- sume that, in general, age 40 must be attained before a person lvi,'45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247 is a good enough entomologist to be listed in this group, even though, no doubt, many of them were listed for work done at a much later age. The following table gives the percentage dis- tribution of deaths found for the entomologists by Air. Weiss and the corresponding distributions from the Breslau Data, the American Experience Table, and the table for U. S. white males, 1930-39, for those who attain age 40. Percentage of those attaining age 40 Percentage of dying at given age A f A t \ Entomologists • dying at given age Breslau Data (Halley) American Experience Table U. S. white males (1930-39) Under 60 30 46 26 23 60 and under 70 23 22 25 24 70 and under 80 29 22 30 31 80 and over 18 10 19 22 Total 100 100 100 100 All this is not to prove that entomologists live no longer than people in general who have attained the age which is required by entomologists to be classified as such in an historical docu- ment. It is hoped that they do. A much more refined study than that made by Mr. Weiss is required, however, to yield even tentative conclusions. Certainly, before giving too much credit to the parents of entomologists, one should examine the factors which differentiate entomologists from babies. — E. DOUGLASS BURDICK. Philippine Journal of Science. Dr. C. P. Alexander has received a letter from the distinguished chief of the Division of Publication of the Philippines, D. Eduardo R. Alvarado. With minor omissions, the very informative account of the fate of a leading scientific journal that the latter gives is as follows : "We are very glad to hear again from you after a lapse of about four years. Already we have started reorganizing the Division of Publications which had remained closed during the 248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 Japanese regime, and have begun recalling all our prewar per- sonnel. "We suffered terribly in this war, our losses being very great. This is particularly true in the city of Manila. Besides the loss of a great number of lives, private and public buildings, includ- ing educational and scientific institutions, among them the Bureau of Science — the repository of collections of great inter- est and importance to the scientific world, as well as publications —were completely destroyed. Among the destroyed publica- tions was the Philippine Journal of Science, — printed copies, manuscripts, illustrations, etc. It pains us to think of such losses. In our program of reorganization we have included the revival of the Journal of Science, as well as other publications, and as soon as funds, facilities and materials are available, we shall start printing them. As usual, we shall be glad to receive your contributions for publication in said journal. As we have said, this war has brought us untold sufferings and privations. Fortunately for most of us, we have survived such terrible experience, and from scratch we will try to begin where we left off before. God helping, we hope we shall get on our feet again. Snakes. Major Grant, publisher of "Herpetologica." calls out attention to the blind snake that lives in the nests of termites and adds that entomologists seem to have more in- formation on the association of reptiles and termites and ants than is available in herpetological works. He would be glad to publish papers on these two subjects or to assemble notes, giving full credit to the source, in ''Herpetologica." Please write Major Chapman Grant, 2970 Sixth Avenue, San Diego 3. Cal. Ivi, '45] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 249 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — On the type of the genus Hypselopus Bur- meister, 1835. [87] 3: 67-76. On the status of names Pompilus Fab. and Psammochares Lat. [87] 2: 377-396. Use of new name. [87] 3: 131-136. Suspension of the rules for Eitthalia Hiibner. [87] 2 : 401-409. On Article 30 of the International Code. [87] 2: 149-156. Need for the suspension of the rules for Strymon Hiibner, 1818. [87] 2: 361-374. Suspension of the rules for Euploea Fab., 1807. [87] 2: 337-345. Suspension of the rules for Bracon Fab. (1804-05). [87] 2: 321-332. Suspension of the rules for Argynnis Fab., 1807. [87] 2: 309-318. Twenty-one names in the Orthoptera added to the official list of generic names in zoology. [87] 2: 147-160. Bolivar Urrutia, Ignacio— Necrologia [104] 12: 336-38. Bromley, S. W.— Insect ene- mies of the house fly, Musca domestica. [6] 53: 145-52. Robber fly and Japanese beetle. [19] 40: 44-47. Burr, M. —Current note: American entomologists and the \Yar. [21] 57: 91-92. Davis, William Thompson— Biographical note. [6] 53: 127-35, port. Dean, Smith & Kelly— Four- teenth or 1944 annual insect population summary of Kan- sas. [103] 18: 85-99. Donisthorpe, Horace — Ants as car- riers of disease. [8] (4) 6: 185. Eyles, E. D. — How does a fly land on the ceiling? [107] 20 (1-3): 14-15. Gold- schmidt, R. B. — Mimetic polymorphism, a controversial chapter of Darwinism. [Quart. Rev. Biol.] 20: 147-164. Grensted, L. W. — Pleuron, pleura and pleurite. [8] 81 : 162-63. Gunton, Williams, Slater & Uvarov — Insects and weather. [109] 10: 19-21. Hemming, Francis— A list. 250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 with prices, of publications by the "International" Com- mission on Zoological Nomenclature since 1938. [7] 38: 298-300. Madden, A. H.— A brief history of medical ento- mology in Florida. [39] 28: 1-7. Miller, David (see also under Diptera). Mosely, Martin E. — The designation of certain genotypes in the Trichoptera. [108] 14 (3-4) : 46-47. Poulson, D. F. — Chromosomal control of embryo- genesis in Drosophila. [90] 79: 340-363. Roebuck, A.— How shall we name insects? [20] 32: 185-86. Scharrer, Berta — Experimental tumors in an insect. [68] 102 : 102. Schwarz, H. F. — Wax of stingless bees (Meliponidae) and the uses to which it has been put. [6] 53: 137-44. Smith, H. M. — Categories of specific names in zoology. [68] 102: 185-189. Steyskal, G. — Remarks upon spatial relationships in entomological descriptions. [19] 40: 57-59. Weiss, H. B. — Insect food habit ratios of the Lloyd-Cornell Reser- vation. [6] 53: 167-68. William Thompson Davis— 1862- 1945. [6] 53 : 127-135, ill. Wellington, W. G.— (See under Anatomy, etc.) Wright, S. — Genes as physiological agents (Drosophila). [90] 79: 289-303. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Alpatov, V. V. — Parthenogenetic females among certain races of the honey bee. [Advances in Mod. Biology, Moscow] 19: 281-82. (Russian.) Christophers, S. R. — Structure of the Culex egg and egg-raft in relation to function. [36] 95 : 25-34, ill. Dodge, H. R. — Notes on the morphology of mosquito larvae. [7] 38: 163-167, ill. Ewer, R. F.— Ef- fect of grain size on the oviposition of Calandra granaria (Curcul.). [107] 20: 57-63. Goldschmidt, R..— The struc- ture of podoptera, a homoeotic mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. [57] 77: 71-104, ill. Hill, D. L.— Carbo- hydrate metabolism during embryonic development (Orth.). [Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.] 25: 205-16. Lyman, F. Earle — Reactions of certain nymphs of Stenonema (Ephem- eroptera) to light as related to habitat preference. [7| 38: 234-236, ill. Murray, D.— Senses of moths. [21] 57: 61-63, ill. Newton & Pratt — Experiments to determine whether infective larvae of W^uchereria bancrofti can mi- grate from the abdomen of the mosquito intermediate host. [17] 31: 266-68. Nicholson, H. P.— The morphology of the mouthparts of the non-biting blackfly, Eusimulium dacotense D. & S., as compared with those of the biting- species, Simulium venustum Say (Diptera: Simuliidae). [7] 38: 281-297, ill. Park & Davis— Further analysis of Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251 fecundity in the flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Duval and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. [7] 38: 235-244, ill. Querci & Romei — Effects of the reflected solar radiation on insects. [39] 28: 20-21. Richards & Weygant— Selective penetration of fat solvents into the nervous system of mos- quito larvae. [6] 53: 153-66. Stojanovich, C. J., Jr.— The head and mouthparts of the sucking lice (Insects: Ano- plura). [117] 10 (1): 1-46. Strickland, E. H.— Method for permanently reducing the number of blowflies in screened houses. [19] 40: 59-60. Tauber, Drake & Decker — Effects of different food plants on egg production and adult survival of the grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus. [43] 19: 343-59. Villee, C. A.— Developmental interac- tions of homoeotic and growth rate genes in Drosophila melanogaster. [57] 77: 105-18. Wellington, W. G.- Conditions governing the distribution of insects in the free atmosphere. Ill: Thermal convection. [4] 77: 44-49. Wiltshire, E. P. — Is the diapause in insects eradicable? [21] 57: 49-51. Yeager, J. Franklin— Blood picture of the Southern Army worm (Prodenia eridania). [47] 71 : 1^-0. Zukel, J. W. — Marking Anopheles mosquitoes with fluores- cent compounds. [68] 102: 157. ARACHNIDA & MYRIOPODA— Araujo Feio, J. L. de -Victorwithius monoplacophorus n. gen., n. sp. da su!>- fainilia Withiinae Chamberlin, 1931. [32] n. s., Zoologia. no. 28: 1-7, ill. (S). Auguston, G. F. — New gen. n. sps. of dermanyssid mite from Texas. [38] 44: 46-48, ill. Feio, J. L. — Victoewithius monoplacophorus n. g., n. sp. da sub- familia Withiinae. [32] no. 28, 7 pp., ill. (S). Hoff, C. C. —New sps. and records of cheliferid Pseudoscorpions. [119] 34: 511-22. Laing, F. — Interpretation of some early collembolan gen. names. [8] 81 : 134—39. Mello-Leitao, C. — Algumas aranhas da regiao Amazonica. [32] no. 25: 12 pp. (*). — Aranas de la Prov. de B. Aires y de las Gober- naciones de la Pampa, Neuquen. R. Negro y Chubut. [122] 2, Zool.: 1-62, ill. 1942 (*). Las aranas' de Cordoba, la Rioja, Catamarca, Tucuman, Salta y Jujuy. [122] 2, Zool.: 99-198, ill. 1942 (*). Aranas de la Prov. de Santa Fe. [122] 2, Zool.: 199-225, ill. 1942 (*). Aranas del Chaco y Santiago de Estero. [122] 2. Zool.: 381^27. ill. 1942 (*)". Aranas nuevas de Mendoza, la Rioja y Cordoba. [122] 3. Zool.: 101-21, ill. 1943. Aranas de "la Prov. de Bucn«- Aires. | 122] 3, Zool.: 311-93. ill. 1944 (*). Considi-raoV^ ' o genero Eusarcu.^ I'crty c docrican novos 252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov.,'45 laniatores. [15] 17 (2): 149-162. Muma, M. H— New and interesting spiders from Maryland. [95] 58: 91-102, ill. Nevin, F. Reese — Immature forms of the mite, Cae- culus pettiti. [7] 38: 195-198, ill. Pereira & de Castro- Morfologia externa e analise dos caracteres taxonomicos de Pycnochernes eidmanni (Chernetidae) das panelas de lixo dos formigueiros de Atta sexdens. [14] 15: 239-261, ill. Smith, C. N. — Biology of Ixodes dentatus Neumann (Ixo- dTdae). [7] 38: 223-233. Scares, B. M. — Alguns reparos a "Notas sobre opilioes— V a XIII." [77] 4: 309-312 (S). Notas sobre opilioes. [77] 4: 243-275 (S). Opilioes do Alto da Serra. [77] 4: 277-302, ill. Opilioes do Alto da Serra. [77] 4: 221-241 (*). Aracnideos de Monte Alegre. [77] 4: 151-168, ill. (*S). Mais alguns Opilioes de Boracea. [77] 4: 177-185 (*S). Notas sobre aranhas. [77] 4: 319- 320. Um novo opiliao da Bahia. [77] 4: 33-36, ill. Scares, H. E. M. — Um novo opiliao do Parana. [77] 4: 321-324, ill. (S). Wharton, G. W.— Trombicula frittsi n. sp. [17] 31: 282-83, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS— Borror, D. J.— A key to the New World genera of Libellulidae (Odonata). [7] 38: 168-194, ill. Brown, E. S. — Nymphal stage of Capnia atra, with a descr. of certain distinguishing features. [107] 20: 50-53, ill. Crawford, J. C.— North Amer. sps. of the gen. Isochaetothrips. [10] 47: 179-82 (*k). Fraser, F. C. — Note on the importance of Eolestes synthetica in the phy- logeny of the Odonata. [107] : 20: 54-56, ill. Guimarae's, L. R. — Um novo Malofago do surucua Trogonurus auran- tius (Spix). [77] 4: 71—77, ill. (S). Sobre os Menoponidae encontrados em tinamiformes. [77] 4: 105-116 (*S). Mais um caso de Associacao entre Mallophaga e Hippoboscidae. [77] : 4: 79-84. Jellison, W. L.— Siphonaptera : a n. sp. of Conorhinopsylla from Kansas. [103] 18: 109-11, ill. Kim- mins, D. E. — Note on some specialized hairs in the Palpari- nae (Myrmelionid). [9] 78: 97-99, ill. A new species of Odonata from Ecuador. [75] 12: 187-189, ill. (S). Laing, F. — The interpretation of some early collembolan generic names. [8] (4) 6: 134-139. Traver, J. R.— Notes on Bra- zilian mayflies. [32] no. 22: 53 pp., ill. (*k). Williner, G. J. — Cinco esp. n. Misioneras del gen. Psocus. [104] 12: 235-43, ill. Wright M. — Dragonflies predaceous on the stablefly Stomoxys calcitrans. [39] 28: 11-13. Wygod- zinsky, P. — Sobre uma nova especie de Plusiocampa do Brasil (Thysanura). [77] 4: 301-308 (S). Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL M.\\ S 253 ORTHOPTERA— Collins, G. B.— Some observations on macropterism in Chorthippus parallelus (Acridid). [8] 81 : 179-82. Hepper, H. C. — Notas ecologicas, sistematicas y ge zoogeograficas de acridios de la Argentina. [104] 12: 280-98, ill. Meiners, E. P.— "Cockroach" versus "roach." [19] 40: 56. Rehn, J. A. G. — Man's uninvited fellow trav- eler.—The cockroach. [54] 61: 265-276. Rehn & Rehn- Studies of certain Cyrtacanthracridoid gen. III. Buckel- lacris, another new No. Amer. gen. of Holarctic type. [1] 71 : 1-45, ill. Soukup, J. — Los Proscopidos del Museo de Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado." [66] 8 : 242-59, ill. Strohecker, H. F. — Notes on and descriptions of Mexican Orthoptera. [7] 38: 207-215 (*). HEMIPTERA— Beamer, R. H.— Genus Kelisa in Amer. north of Mexico (Fulgorid). [103] 18: 100-108, ill. (*k). Cook, W. C. — The relation of spring movements of the beat leaf hopper (Eutettix tenellus Baker) in central Cali- fornia to temperature accumulations. [7] 38: 149-162, ill. DeLong, D. M. — A new genus Acunasus and eight new spe- cies of Mexican leafhoppers (Cicadellidae). [7] 38: 199- 206, ill. Essig, E. O. — Hyalopteroides pallida. an aphid new to No. Amer. [55] 21: 119-20. Fennah, R. G.- Tropiduchidae of the Lesser Antilles (Fulgorid). [10] 47: 137-67, ill. (*k). The Fulgoroidea. or Lanternflies, of Trinidad and adjacent parts of South America. [50] 95: 411-520, ill. Griffith, M. E.— The environment, life history and structure of the water boatman, Ramphocorixa acumi- nata (Uhler) (Hempitera, Corixidae). [45] 30: 241-365. ill. Knowlton, G. F. — Rabbitbrush aphid notes. [19] 40: 43. Knull, D. N. — Eleven new leafhoppers with notes on others. [43] 45 : 103-10, ill. Lepage & Giannotti. — Algu- mas esp. n. de coccideos do Brasil. [14] 15: 299-306, ill. Thomas, I. — Synonymy of Aphididae. [20] 32: 187. LEPIDOPTERA—d' Almeida, R. F.— Nota supplemental- a "Revisao do genero Phoebis." [32] no. 27 : 16 pp. Sobre a nomenclatura de alguns grupos superiores da ordem Lepi- doptera. [77] 4: 312-318. Nota suplementar a "Revisfu. do genero Phoebis Huebner." [32] n. s., Zoologia, no. 27: 1-16. Bourquin, F. — Notas sobre matamorfosis de Hyalo- sticta prope obliqualia (Pyralid). [104] 12: 248-52. ill. Observaciones sobre metamorfosis de Neobourquinia bifas- ciata (Notodon). [104] 12: 257-59, ill. Breyer, A.— Lista parcial de lepidopteros coleccionados en Salta. [104] 12: 310-12. Notas lepidopterolo,qicas (Saturn). | 104] 12: 254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 330-33, ill. Breyer & Orfila. — Las esp. del gen. Roth- schildia en Tucuman con aclaraciones sobre R. maura y R. schfeiteriana nom. nov. [104] 12: 299-304, ill. Bryk, F.- Schmetterlingsausbeute der Schwedischen wissenschaft- lichen Expedition nach Patagonien. [83] 36A : 1-30, ill. (S). Bugbee, R. E. & A. Reigel.— The cactus moth, Meli- taria dentata (Grote) and its effect on Opuntia macrorhiza in western Kansas. [119] 33 (1): 117-127. Carpenter, G. D. H. — Notes on Charaxes (Lep., Nymphalidae) in the Hope Dept. of Entom., Univ. of Oxford. [108] 14 (7-8): 81-88. Costa Lima, A. de — Insetos do Brasil. 5° tomo.— Lepidopteros. Escola nacional de agronomia, serie di- datica, No. 7. [112] pp. 1-379. Fender, K.— A mixed up butterfly [Euphydryas colon]. [19] 40: 54. Figueiredo & Pereira.- — Notas sobre "Xanthopastis timais, praga das amarilidaseas. [14] 15 : 289-98, ill. Filho, L. T.— Interes- sante anomalia em um Cosmosoma teuthras (Walker). [77] 4: 187-196, ill. (S). Fleming, H.— Saturnioidea of Kartabo, Br. Guiana and Caripito, Venezuela. [18] 30: 73-80, ill. (*). Fox, R. M. — New gen. & sps. of Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). [40] 1295: 1-14 (S). Gib- son, J. — Callicore candrena christopheri ab. nov. (Nymph.). [104] 12: 246-47, ill. (S). Hayward, K. J.— Hesperiidarum Argentinae catalogus. [122] 2, Zool. : 227-340, 1942. Kohler, P. — Melanismos natureales en lepidopteros Argen- tines. [104] 12: 253-56, ill. (*). McDunnough, J.— New Coleophoridae. [4] 77 : 49-52, ill. Results from an ex- amination of geometrid types in the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology. [4] 77: 62-68. McGuffin, W. C.— New descr. of larvae of forest insects : Larvae of the gen. Eu- pithecia (Geomet.). [4] 77: 53-55 (k). Oiticica, J., Fil- Sobre a esp. Callionima pan (Sphingid). [32] no. 21: 28 pp., ill. Estudos sobra Automerinae. [32] no. 26: 18 pp., ill. Estudos sobre Automerinae. Estudio 1 — Sobre o tipo do genero Gamelia Hiibner (1819). [32] n. s., Zoologia, no. 26: 1-18, ill. (S). Potts, R. W. L.— Two new variants in California Colias eurytheme. [38] 44: 49-50, ill. Querci & Romei — (See under Anatomy, etc.) Rawson, G. W.— Interesting problems connected with the checkered white butterfly, Pieris protodice. [19] 40: 49-54. Sanford, L. J. — Anteos maerula, a new butterfly recorded from Florida. [6] 53: 136. Schaefer & Breyer — Segunda lista de lepidop- teros de Catamarca. [104] 12: 327-29. Sheppard, A. C.- New record for Canada [Acentropus niveus]. [4] 77: 55. Ivi, '45J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 255 Smith & Linsley — Migration of Vanessa cardui. [55] 21: 109. Stallings & Turner — Notes on Kansas butterflies. [103] 18: 111. Watson, J. R.— The damage of Melipotis Acontioides to the Royal Poinciana. [39] 18-19. Weni- ger, D. — List of butterflies collected in Cowley Co., Kans. in 1944. [103] 18: 112-20. DIPTERA— Alexander, C. P. — Undescribed species of Tipula from western U. S. [19] 40: 33-37 (*). New or little known crane-flies from California. [38] 44: 33-45, ill. Undescribed sps. of Tipulidae from the western U. S. [55] 21 : 91-97. New species of crane-flies from South America. Part XII. [7] 38: 256-280. Records and descriptions of North American crane-flies (Diptera) Part V. Tipuloidea of the Grand Teton National Park and Teton National Forest, Wyoming. [119] 33 (2) : 391-439. Belkin, Knight & Rozeboom — Anopheline mosquitoes of the Solomon Is. and New Hebrides. [17] 31: 241-65 (k). Blanchard, E. E. — Los dipteros muscoideos del Museo de La Plata. I. Tachinidae. [122] 2, Zool. : 341-80, 1942; 3, Zool. : 123-161, 1943, ill. (*). Bridarolli, A. J.— Alotipo hembra de Apo- cephalus marginatus (Phor.) [104] 12 : 244-45, ill. Brom- ley, S. W.— Robber fly and Japanese beetle. [19] 40 : 44-47. Bromley, S. W. — (See under General.) Bruch, C. — Obser- vaciones biologicas sobre Strobelia baccharidis (Trypet). [122] 2, Zool. : 85-93; ill., 1942. Camras, S.— A study of the genus Occemyia in North America (Conopidae). [7] 38: 216-222 (k). Carrera, M. — Chave sinoptica da subfamilia Leptogastrinae com a descriqao de un novo genero e uma nova especie. [77] 4: 85-93. Collin, J. E. — Correction of a mistake of long standing concerning the identity of Aty- lotus plebius Fallen (Diptera, Tabanidae). Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. [108] 14 (7-8) : 89-90. Fattig, P. W.— Asilidae or robber flies of Georgia. [Emory Univ. Mus. Bull.] 3: 33 pp. Good, N. E. — List of the mosquitoes of the District of Columbia. [10] 47: 168-79. Hardy, D. E.— Revision of nearctic Bibiunidae including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). [45] 30: 367-547, ill. Harmston & Knowlton — On the status of Liancalus limbatus (Do- lichop.). [19] 40: 55-56. Hauber, U. A.— Tanypodinae of Iowa. I. Genus Pentaneura. [119] 34: 496-503, ill. Her- man, C. M. — Cephenemyia jellisoni reared from nasal bot of blacktailed deer (Cuterebrid). [55| 21: 120. Johann- sen, O. A. — Two n. sps. of Cecidomyiidae from Florida. [39] 28: 8-10. Matheson, R. — Descriptions of two new 256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 species, Paratrichobius anduzei and Nycteribosca francle- monti (Streblidae). [17] 31: 191-194, ill. Miller, D.- Generic name changes in Diptera. [108] 14: 72. Owen, W. B. — New anopheline from the Solomon Is. with notes on its biology. [17] 31 : 236-40, ill. Saunt, J. W.— Migra- tion of Syrphidae. [8] 81: 131. Smart, J. — Drosophila subobscura Collin : descriptive notes on the species with comments on its nomenclatoral status (Diptera). [108] 14 (3-4) : 53-56. Soper & Wilson — Anopheles gambiae in Brazil, 1930-1940. 262 pp., 75 figs. New York: The Rockefeller Fdn. (Review by L. E. Rozeboom in [68] 99: 451-52.) Steyskal, G. — Behavior of Thaumatomyia species (Chloropisca). (Chloropid). [19] 40: 48. Strickland, E. H. — (See under Anatomy.) Townes, H. K. — Nearctic sps. of Tendipedini (Chironomid). [119] 34: 1-206, ill. (*). Vargas, L. — Nota sobre Ceratopogonidos y Culicoides. [56] 6: 41-49. ill. (S). Notas sobre la Oncocerciasis. I. Consideraciones sobre la poblacion de Simulidos adultos. II. El factor luz y los Simulidos adultos. III. Algunos factores que afectan la fijacion de las larvas de Simulidos. 1 56] 6: 51-70 (S). Wright, M.— (See under Smaller Orders.) COLEOPTERA.— Balfour-Browne, J.— The genera of the Gyrinoidea and their genotypes. [75] 12: 103-111. Blackwelder, R. E. — Compiler. Checklist of the Coleop- terous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Bull. 185 : U. S. N. M. Part 3. Brom- ley, S. W. — (See under Diptera). Cameron, M. — Descrip- tions of new Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). [108] 14 (5-6) : 63-69. Cartwright, O. L. — Ataenius darlingtoni, a syno- nym of A. salutator. [19] 40: 47. Cushman, R. A.— The Ichneumon-flies of the genus Cryptanura Brulle, mainly tropical American. [50] 96: 139-176. Fisher, W. S.- New sp. of Obe'rea from Canada (Ceramb.) [4] 77: 56 (*). Hinton, H. E. — Stethelmis chilensis, n. gen. & sp. of Elmi- dae from Chile. [108] 14: 73-76, ill. (k). A key to the North American species of Terapus, with a description of a new species (Col., Histeridae). [108] 14 (3-4): 38-45. Linsley, E. G. — Further notes on some sps. of Plecoma. [55] 21: 101-14 (*). MacSwain, J. W.— Notes on the habits of the predator Cymatodera ovipennis, with a descr. of the pupa (Clerid). [55] 21: 97-100, ill. Malkin, B.- Supplement to the N. Y. State list of Coleoptera, No. 6, additions and corrections. [6] 53: 91-126. Mertinez, A. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 257 — Insectos nuev, o poco conocidos. III. Gen. Anomiop- soides. (Scarab.) [104] 12: 260-79, ill. (S, k). Navajas, E. — Sobre a validez de Fulcidax violaceus (King-, 1824). [77] 4: 95-103. Algumas notas sobre a nomenclatura dos Fulcidacideos. [77] 4: 213-220 (S). Smith & Michel- bacher — Abundance of Hupera punctata in 1945. [55] 21 : 118. Smith & Potts — Biological notes on Plecoma hirti- collis (Scarab). [55] 21: 115-18. Tottenham, C. E.- Some notes on the nomenclature of the Staphylinidae. [108] 14: 70-71. VanDyke, E. C.— New sps. of No. Amer. Coleoptera. [55] 21 : 101-109. Werner, F. G.—A revision of the genus Epicauta in America North of Mexico (Me- loidae). [26] 95, no. 5: 421-517 (*k). Wittmer, W.- Nuevos Cantharidae. [104] 12: 313-26, ill. (S). HYMENOPTERA.— d'Araujo e Silva, A. G.— Nota sobre "Homalotylus flaminius" (Encyrtid). [Bol. Fito- sanit., R. de Jan.] 1 : 29-35, ill. Benson, R. B. — Classifica- tion of the Xyelidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). [108] 14 (3-4) : 34-37. Classification of the Pamphiliidae (Hymen- optera Symphyta). [108] 14 (3-4) : 25-33. Blair, K. G.- Notes on the economy of the rose galls formed by Rhodites (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). [107] 20 (1-3): 26-31. Blanchard, E. E. — Dos nuevos Ichneumonidos, parasites de Listroderes. [104] 12: 305-309, ill. (S). Descr. de dos himenopteros parasites de larvas de Strobelia baccharidis (Chalc). [122] 2, Zool. : 93-98, ill. 1942 (*S). Bradley, J. C. — Scoliidae of Northern S. Amer., with special refer- ence to Venezuela. I Campsomeris. [46] 4: 1-36, ill. (*k). Cockerell, T. D. A. — Description and records of bees. [75] 12: 208-212 (*). Donisthorpe, J. K.— List of scientific terms used in Myrmecology. [107] 20: 43-49. Gregg, Robert E. — The worker caste of Harparoxenus canadensis Smith (Formicidae). [4] 77: 74-76, ill. Hincks, W. D. — Nomenclature notes on some parasitic Hy- menoptera (Ichneum. & Eulophid). [9] 78: 89-91. La Rivers, Ira — The wasp Chlorion laeviventris as a natural control of the Mormon cricket. [119] 33 (3): 743-763. Malaise, R. — A new species of a bipolar Saw-fly genus. [83] 36B: 1-5. ill. (S). Morley, B. D. W.— Observations on some plesiobiotic colonies of ants (Hymenoptera), with notes on some other mixtabiotic colonies. [107] 20 (1-3) : 1^. Muma, M. H. & Jeffers, W. F.— Studies of the spider prey of several mud-dauber wasps. |7| 38: 245-255, ill. Pate, V. S. L. — Synonymical note on Ammoplanopterus 258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '45 (Sphecicl). [19] 40: 37. On two Holarctic Pemphilidinae wasps (Sphecid). [19] 40: 38-43. Notes on Ammoplanus (Sphecid). [55] 21 : 83-90, ill. (*). Talbot, M.— Compari- son of nights of 4 sps. of ants. [119] 34: 504-10. Walley, G. S. — New Canadian sps. of Syndipnus, with records of other sps. (Ichneum). [4] 77: "41-43, ill. (*). Whiting, A. R. — Dominant lethality and correlated chromosome ef- fects in X-rayed Hcbrobracon eggs. [92] 89: 71. SPECIAL. — Bulletin of Zool. Nomenclature. Vol. 1, pp. 87-118. — Publication of proposals submitted to the Intern. Comm. Instructions to authors laid down by the Intern. Comm. in May, 1943. On the status under Art. 3 of the Intern. Code, of a trivial name consisting of an unlatinised modern patronymic. On the status, under Art. 3 of the Intern. Code, of a specific or subspecific trivial name con- sisting of a phonetic reproduction of the initial letters of two or more modern patronomics. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 4. — Canadian Entomolo- gist. 6. — Jour. New York Entom. Soc. 7. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 8. — Entom. Monthly Mag. 9. — The Ento- mologist, London. 10.- — Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 14. — Arch. Inst. Biol., S. Paulo. 15. — Anais Acad. Brasil. Cien., Rio. 17. — Jour, of Parasitology. 18. — Zoologica, New York. 19.— Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc. 20.— An- nals of Appl. Biology. 21. — Entom. Record & Jour. Vari- ation. 26. — Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool. 32. — Bol. Mus. Nac., R. d. Janeiro. 36. — Trans. R. Entom. Soc. London. 38.— Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 39.— Florida Entomologist. 40. — Amer. Museum Novitates. 43. — Ohio Jour. Sciences. 45. — Univ. Kansas Science Bull. 46. — Bol. Entom. Vene- zolana. 47. — Jour. Agr. Research. 50. — Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 54. — Scientific Monthly. 55. — Pan-Pacific En- tom. 56. — Rev. Inst. Salub. y Enfer. Tropic. Mex. 57.— Jour, of Morphology. 66. — Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado," Lima. 68. — Science, New York. 75.— Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 77.— Papeis Avul. Dept. Zool. Secret. Agr., S. Paulo. 83. — Ark. f. Zool., K. Svenska Vetensk. i. Stockholm. 87. — Opinions and Declarations, Inter. Nat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 90. — American Nat. 92. — Biologi- cal Bull. 95.— Proc. Biolog. Soc. Wash. 102.— An. Escol. Nac. Cien. Biol., Mexico. 103. — Jour. Kansas Entom. Soc. Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259 104. — Revista Soc. Ent. Argentina. 107. — Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (A). 108. — Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (B). 109.— Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (C). 112.- Anals Inst. Biol. Mexico. 117. — Microentom., Stanford Univ. 119.— Amer. Midland Xat. 122.— Revista Mus. de La Plata, B. Aires. THE DIPTERA OR TRUE FLIES OF CONNECTICUT. FASC. 1. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY; KEY TO FAMILIES TANYDERIDAE, PTYCHOPTERIDAE, TRICHOCERIDAE, ANISOPODIDAE, AND TIPU- LIDAE. By G. C. Crampton, C. H. Curran and C. P. Alex- ander; with an Introduction by R. B. Friend. Hartford, 1942. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey, Bul- letin No. 64. 509 pp., text-figures and 4 plates. This work is part six of the Guide to the Insects of Con- necticut ; the previous parts included the orders Euplexoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Odonata. In the present part, Dr. Crampton gives a lengthy chapter of 1 1 1 pages in which will be found very thorough analysis of, and discussion on, the various terms applied to the sclerites, etc., of the Diptera, including the genitalic structures of both sexes, and fourteen figures and thirteen pages of bibliography. This chapter I consider one of the most valuable features of the work. Dr. Friend has four pages and three plates on the wing venation; and a key to the families of Diptera is given by Dr. Curran. The remainder of the work is Dr. Alexander's taxonomic treat- ment of the families included, and gives keys to the genera and species, with figures illustrating important features of some species. References to original descriptions, published illustra- tions, and Dr. Alexander's own descriptions, the known dis- tribution, and Connecticut records, are also given of each species. If subsequent fascicles of this work are produced along these lines, we will have a valuable contribution to the Diptera of North America. E. T. CRESSON, JR. Obituary Mr. FD. LE CERF died during the past winter after a short illness due in part to lack of heat and insufficient nourishment. His collection and his library are now at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted — Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095. Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both images and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito. Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tripulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Insects Studied Microscopically AT EVERY ANGLE with this Completely Adjustable Holder Available Now for Immediate Shipment at NUSHAWG Biological Supply, Inc. Here's a sturdy, PRACTICAL insect holder for ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED microscopic obser- vation. Simply thrust pinned insect into cork "well" until it is in line with axis of curved arm, then turning knurled knobs you will secure com- plete dorsal and ventral coverage with the insect in constant focus. Once adjusted, insect's position re- mains fixed, due to split-shaft con- struction. Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. R. de la Torre-Bueno STAYS IN ANY POSITION RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York Have you renewed your subscription? ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DECEMBER 1»45 u.3. „„..„. Vol. LVI No. 10 CONTENTS Ross — Sawfly genitalia 261 Hull — New syrphid flies from Mississippi 268 Forbes — Position of Epione mollicularia 272 Rau — Food preferences of the cockroach 276 Notes and News in Entomology 278 Obituary 279 Current Entomological Literature 280 Review — Brazil, orchid of the tropics '.Y: 291 • Index and title page to Volume LVI u . «•*. 293 tt FE PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copjes, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies. $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at IVz cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVI DECEMBER, l'M5 Xo. 10 Sawfly Genitalia: Terminology and Study Techniques By HERBERT H. Ross, Illinois State Natural History Survey. Urbana, Illinois During the past two decades several hypotheses have been advanced regarding the derivation and homologies of parts of sawfly genitalia, including the genital capsule of the male and the saw of the female. The proponents of each hypothesis have frequently indicated a preference for a new or modified termi- nology to be applied to the various parts. In the development of the taxonomy of the sawflies, characters of both male and female genitalia have assumed continually greater importance in evaluation and diagnosis of both genera and species. With this development there has arisen a need for a stable termi- nology for parts of the saw and male genital capsule, a set of names which are uninomial for easy use, which apply definitely to the various parts as they exist in the group, and which can be applied by both taxonomist and morphologist regardless of differing theories of evolutionary development. A terminology is here presented which has been designed to fill this need. The names have been selected on the following basis: (1) elimination of homonyms, that is, identical names which have previously been used for some other part of the in- sect body; (2) priority of uninomial latinized names, with the elimination of phrases, as a designation for well-defined mor- phological units; (3) tempering consideration of priority with weight of usage over a long period, or with application of a term to a homologous structure in several insect orders. The resultant terminology for the male genitalia agrees in many respects with that proposed by C'rampton (1919) as enlarged (261) • 262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 by Peck (1937), with the addition of a few names for certain parts. Many of the more recent terms proposed by Snodgrass (1941) are antedated by other available names. The termi- nology of the saws is a modification of that proposed by Ross (1929). TERMINOLOGY Male Genitalia, figs. 1-5 The genitalia of male sawflies form a well-organized capsule, in repose retracted within the apical segments of the abdomen. The capsule articulates with these segments by means of a flexi- ble membranous tube. Primitively the surface bearing the volsellae or ossicles is ventral ; in certain groups, however, soon after adult emergence, the genital capsule undergoes a twisting of 180° so that this surface becomes dorsal. It is therefore con- venient to orient surfaces in relation to the volsellae ; the surface bearing them is the ossicular side, the opposite the abossicular side. The genital capsule, figs. 1 and 2, is divided into four prin- cipal parts, a gonocardo, gonoforceps (paired), volsella (paired), and aedeagus. The latter three are subdivided further. Gonocardo (gc}. — This sclerite forms a ring around the base of the capsule. Basal ring, cardo, and lamina annnlaris, are other terms which have been used by various authors. Gonoforceps. — Arising above the gonocardo is a pair of lateral clasper-like appendages. Each is a gonoforceps. In most sawflies the apical portion forms a distinct, articulated seg- ment, h, the harpes, and the basal portion forms the major sclerite of the capsule, the gonostipcs (gs}. In some families the end of the harpes has a membranous suction organ, the gonomacula (gm). In many forms the mesal margin of the primary dorsal (abossicular) surface of the gonostipes is pro- duced into a definite lobe, the parapcuis (/>/>) ; the two opposing parapenes are partially fused at least at the base ; this structure formed by the two parapenes is termed the praepiitiinn. Volsella, fig. 3. — On the primary ventral surface of the cap- sule is a pair of structures, separate on the meson, but each Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263 joined laterally by membrane to the gonostipes, and frequently appearing to be implanted on their mesal surface. Each of these structures is a volsella (v). The flat basal portion of the volsella which is contiguous with the membranous edge of the gonostipes is the basivolsella (bv). The apex of the volsella bears two definite lobes, projecting beyond any membranous connection with the gonostipes, (1) a lateral distivohella (dv) which is an un jointed continuation of the basivolsella, and (2) a mesal gonolacinia (gl) , which usually articulates by a narrow membranous hinge with the basivolsella. The gonolacinia has an apical portion or apiceps («/>) and a basal prolongation or basiura (ba). The basivolsella has a longitudinal thicken- ing, the volsellar strut (vs) ; its apex marks the point of closest articulation between basivolsella and gonolacinia. Snodgrass (1941) has pointed out that the distivolsella and gonolacinia are opposable, like thumb and forefinger, and function as acces- sory clasping organs. He proposed the names crespis volsel- laris and digitus volsellaris for these two parts, respectively, but Peck's (1937) names distivolsella and gonolacinia have priority. Both writers have shown that several workers, in- cluding myself, have used the term sagitta erroneously for the gonolacinia. Sagitta should be restricted to the lateral sclero- tized processes of the aedeagus in Apoidea, Aedeagus (ae}. — In the sawflies this central structure is divided into a pair of long penis valves (pv} ; their apex is hinged by membrane along the primary dorsal surface, but the primary ventral edges are free. Crampton proposes pcnisalva for penis valve ; if a latinized term is desired, this should be em- ployed. The term penis valve, however, has been adopted gen- erally by almost all workers in the field. It seems desirable at this time to propose names for certain distinctive areas of a penis valve. Each penis valve, fig. 4, has a lateral projection or ergot (e), for muscle attachment. Basal to the ergot is a tail-like portion, the valvura (vr), attached to the capsule by both muscle and membrane ; beyond the ergot is the head like portion, the valviceps (vc) . The valviceps has a sclerotized mesal thickening or valvar strut (w) and may be 264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 highly ornamented with teeth or folds. In some genera of Nematinae, fig. 5, it is definitely subdivided at the apex into a mesal flap, the pseitdoceps (pc), and a lateral flap, the paravalva (pr). The latter bears at its apex a spine or spur, the val- vispina (va). Female Saw, or Ovipositor The functional units of a typical sawfly ovipository apparatus have been illustrated by Snodgrass (1935, fig. 317). They con- sist of two pairs of valvifers which are attached to the ninth tergite and which give rise to the other parts ; a saw formed by two pairs of articulated processes, one arising from each val- vifer; and a sheath composed of a pair of appressed end seg- ments of the second valvifers. The second valvifers and sheath together form a protective structure into which the hinged saw is retracted when not in use. The sheath may function also as a brace during oviposition. The sheath and saw exhibit many useful taxonomic characters. The sheath is usually simple in structure, each half flat or convex. In certain groups there is a flange-like projection extending along the apico-ventral margin. This flange, or scopa, is greatly developed in the Argidae and in many genera appears to form the edge of the sheath; the primary edge is hidden within the opposed scopae. The saw. — The dorsal pair of blades (each is a lance, fig. 7) are processes of the second valvifers; the ventral blades (each a lancet, fig. 8) are processes of the first valvifers. Along at least part of the dor sum the two lances are tightly joined by membrane or fused solidly. On each side the lance and lancet are joined together by long rod-like interlocking grooves, or virgae (vi} . The virga of the lance is situated near the ventral margin on the lateral surface ; the virga of the lancet is situated on the inner surface near the dorsal margin. These allow the lancet to slide back and forth. The lances are articulated at the base and swing in an arc from this stationary pivot point. At their base the two lancets are joined by membrane to a triangu- lar external plate, or Hgamcntnm, which allows some movement of the lancets back and forth under the lances. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 265 The lance, fig. 7, is divided into segments by seam-like su- tures (s). The large basal segment, or radix (ra), bears the articulation with the valvifer. The apical blade-like portion or lamnium (la) is usually simple in structure, with 10 to 30 seg- ments. The lancet, figs. 6 and 8. has a long membranous radix (ra) bearing the dorsal sclerotized virga and a ventral sclerotized cord or tractiitin (tr) ; this latter is frequently enlarged where it connects with the ligamentum, the enlarged portion forming a heel plate or tangintn (ta). The apical portion forms the lamniitm (la) which is divided by sutures into definite seg- ments. The ventral margin of each segment usually forms a definite toothed scrrula (se). Each suture (s) may bear a comb-like row of spines to form a ctcnidiinn (ct), or a wing- like projection or a/a (a). The ala usually terminates ventrad in a spur, the alaspicula (ad), and may bear small spines or alaspinulae (ac) on its free edge. Near the ventral margin there is frequently a definite spur, the spicnlella (sr) ; between spiculella and alaspicula may be a group of sub alar spines (sa). The sclerotized ventral border of the blade is the sclerora (so), which is traversed in each segment by one or more pores; a section of the sclerora between two pore groups may be termed an abscissa (aso). The membrane on the mesal side of the lancet usually forms a long crease, or crepidium (cr) ; fre- quently this terminates basally in a sclerotized tongue or ex- aniiuin (ex). STUDY TECHNIQUES Sawfly male genitalia and saws can be studied to the best advantage if removed from the specimen and cleared. For this, use specimens which have been killed dry, pinned, and allowed to harden for at least two weeks. These can be relaxed in a damp sand-carbolic acid relaxing chamber. The male genitalia may be extracted with a needle, the saws cut out with a pair of very fine optical scissors. With the saws, care must be taken to make the cuts at the extreme base of the saw in order to obtain a complete preparation. Preparations clear readily 266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Ar^ [Dec., '45 PLATE I Hypothetical figures of sawfly genitalia Fig. 1. Male genital capsule, primitively dorsal (abossicular) aspect. Fig. 2. Male genital capsule, primitively ventral (ossicular) aspect. Fig. 3. Volsella. Fig. 4. Penis valve, simple type. Fig. 5. Penis valve, Nematine type. Fig. 6. Portion of lancet. Fig. 7. Lance. Fig. 8. Lancet. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267 in 5 per cent NaOH or KOH. Soaking for three to five hours in cold solution is usually sufficient. If this does not give ade- quate clearing, heat the clearing solution in a water bath for not more than five minutes. Clear only to the extent of re- moving muscle tissue, but not enough to cause marked de- sclerotization. Wash the preparation in distilled water and clean in 80 per cent alcohol. Lancets and lances should be separated and mounted in Damar balsam as permanent slide mounts. It is necessary to have perfectly flat mounts of the lancets. Since the lances are frequently much thicker, it is desirable to mount the two lancets under one cover and the lances under another. Delicate saws should be stained ; acid fuchsin has proven very satisfactory for this purpose. Male genital capsules and unusually thick lances may be studied in glycerin. In some cases it is advantageous to mount the penis valves as a permanent slide mount. List of abbreviations a — ala pc — pseudoceps ac — alaspinulae pp — parapenis ad — alaspicula pr — paravalva ae — aedeagus ps — paravalvar strut ap — apiceps pv — penis valve aso — abscissa of sclerora ra — radix at — attachment point to valvifers or s — suture ligamentum sa — subalar spines ba — basiura se — serrula bv — basivolsella so— sclerora cr — crepidium sr — spiculella ct — ctenidium ta — tangium dv — distivolsella tr — tractium e — ergot v — volsella ex — examium va — valvispina gc — gonocardo vc — valviceps gl — gonolacinia vi — virgae gm — gonomacula vr — valvura gs — gonostipes vs — volsellar strut h — harpes vv — valvar strut la — lamnium 268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 REFERENCES CITED CRAMPTON, G. C. 1919. The genitalia and terminal abdominal structures of males, and the terminal abdominal structures of the larvae of "Chalastogastrous" Hymenoptera. Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc., 21 (6) : 129-55, 58 figs. PECK, O. 1937. The male genitalia in the Hymenoptera, especially the family Ichneumonidae. Canadian Journ. Sci., D, 15: 221-74, 158 figs. Ross, H. H. 1929. Sawflies of the sub-family Dolerinae of America North of Mexico. 111. Biol. Monog., 12 (3) : 116 pp., 73 figs. SNODGRASS, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw- Hill, New York, 667 pp., 319 figs. 1941. The male genitalia of Hymenoptera. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 99 (14): 86pp., 6 figs., 33 pis. New Syrphid Flies from Mississippi By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi Several new species of Syrphids have been collected in Mis- sissippi during the past year. This paper describes these species. Mallota mississipensis n. sp. Flies with the femora, the tarsi and hind tibiae wholly black, the male eyes rather widely separated, the thoracic pile reddish orange and the pile of the abdominal segment alternating yel- low and black. Related to illin&isensis. Male. Length 12 mm. Head: Eyes bare, the vertex shin- ing brassy black, rather convex, the eyes separated by a dis- tance between facets equal at least to the apical width of the second antennal segment in the lateral view. Pile of upper occiput and vertex light yellow, the frontal hair which arises from that part of the front above the narrowest portion is sub- appressed and directed upward and backward ; pile of the lower front and face nearly white. Face with a shining middle stripe and the cheeks black. The sides of the face are widely yellow- ish white pubescent with abundant similar colored pile. The Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 269 three segments of the antennae wholly black, the arista quite short, about as long as the last t\vo antennal segments, much thickened and reddish brown, the apex sharpened. Thorax: mesonotum black, overlaid with pale brownish yellow- pollen and very dense, orange reddish pile. Ground color of the scutellum subtranslucent, light brownish yellow, its pile orange reddish. Squamae pale brownish yellow with orange brown border and yellowish fringe. Pleural pile thick, pale yellowish white. Abdomen: shining black, the pile of the first segment reddish yellow, upon the second segment brownish yellow ex- cept upon the apical fourth where it is black widely through the middle, almost to the sides. The third segment is similarly pilose, the black pile beginning in the middle about half way down the length of the segment and expanding outward as an obtuse triangle almost to the posterior corners. The fourth segment has similar black pile but beginning a little closer to the base. Legs: The femora are shining black with chiefly yellow- ish white pile. Upon the massively thickened hind femora there is some black pile at the extreme apex above and again sub- apically along the outside and extensively along the entire ven- tral and medio-ventral surface. The only light coloration upon the femora is the quite linear apical margin which is light brown. Anterior tibiae upon the basal fourth and middle tibiae upon the basal third light brown which quite diffusely shades into the remaining black part of these tibiae. Hind tibiae quite black including the knees. Tibial pile chiefly pale yellow with some black intermixed especially towards the apex on all three pairs. Hind tibiae considerably flattened. All of the tarsi wholly black and black pilose dorsally but with reddish yellow or brown pile ventrally. Wings: greyish hyaline, the veins upon the basal third yellowish brown, the third and fourth veins beyond the middle dark brown. There is a pale brownish cloud at the base of the submarginal cell extending above and below it and more faintly upon the end of the second basal cell. There is a very strong stigmal cross vein but the stigmal cell is greyish hyaline. 270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 Holotype: a male, Oxford, MISSISSIPPI, March 11, 1945. (F. M. Hull collector.) Caught on wild plum blossom quite high up at the top of the tree. In Curran's key to Mallota species, this fly would go to Illinois ensis, differing in the black legs and banded pile. I have compared it with specimens of illinoisensis before me. Volucella anastasia n. sp. A small blackish species with considerably reduced pattern and related to jasciata Macquart. There are no yellow spots upon the sternopleura or propleura. Male. Length 6.5 mm. Head: Vertex black, the front widely yellowish along the eyes but shining sepia black on the anterior half before the antennae. The face is polished black with on either side a wide, pale yellow stripe which becomes attenuated and a little more brownish towards the sharply conical epistoma. The posterior part of the cheeks is divided by a narrow, obscure, reddish brown vitta ; pile upon the black middle stripe black, upon the sides of the face brownish yellow. The antennae are sepia brown. The pile of the eyes is dense, long and blackish brown with some pale hair posteroventrally and a middle vertical band of denser blackish pile. Thorax: Mesonotum shining black with long thick pile which is chiefly black; there is some yellowish pile anteriorly before the suture. The humeri, and a diagonal, sublateral yellowish vitta which is divided by a crease and a much narrower posterior exten- sion which lies beyond the suture and which is evanescent just before the post calli, are all pale yellow. There is a fairly large yellow spot on the posterior part of the mesopleura, a yellow spot on the metapleura immediate beneath the yellowish squa- mae and a tiny yellow spot diagonally below in front of it which may be upon the extreme upper part of the hypopleura. The scutellum is yellowish, the disc subtranslucent brown, the pile very thick and black. Just before the scutellum are a pair of tiny yellowish brown spots. Halteres with cream colored knobs. Abdomen: black, the second segment with a narrow, medial, quite widely separated yellowish brown fascia. Third Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 271 segment with a posteriorly indented fascia of the same color; the basal margin of the fourth segment is linearly yellowish brown, the posterior margin quite black; pile of the abdomen pale yellowish straw colored, black upon the hypopygium. Venter with a pair of basal, medially separated, subtranslucent yellowish spots which do not reach the sides; third strenite black, its extreme base linearly yellowish. Legs: black, first two segments of the first four tarsi and first three segments of the posterior tarsi reddish yellow ; basal third of all of the tibiae and the apex of their femora yellow. Pile of legs black every- where except upon the yellow segments of the tarsi where it is golden. Wings with a fasciate pattern similar to fasciata Mac- quart. The apex of the marginal cell is less protuberant and the brown of the wings a little more smoky. Holotype: a male, University, MISSISSIPPI, May 30, 1944 (F. M.Hull collector). Brachypalpus margaritus n. sp. A large blackish fly, brassy yellow pile, distinguished from oams Walker by the black tarsi, the black antennae and the spots on the cross veins and apex of wing. Length 9-12 mm. Female. Head: Vertex and upper part of front shining bronze, the lower part of the front black with a slight brassy appearance; a small triangle of yellowish pubescence lies just above the antennae and there is a similar transverse band across the middle of the front. The face is deeply concave, shining brassy black, with a narrow band of yellowish pubescence from the antennae to the eye and a similar, slightly widening band from the lower part of the eye margin to the epistoma. All three segments of the antennae are wholly black, the arista thickened, orange brown basally, more yellowish apically. All the pile of the head yellow. Thorax: Mesonotum brassy black with four slender more or less opaque black vittae, the outer pair interrupted at the suture and these vittae narrowly mar- gined with copper or bronze. The scutellum is brassy black. All of the thoracic pile is brownish yellow. Squamae yellow- ish white with yellow border and fringe : halteres light yellow- 272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 ish brown. Abdomen: Broad, oval, wider than the thorax and shining black but slight brassy along the sides of the segments. The dense pile is erect and pale brownish yellow. Legs: The femora are black with a slightly brassy cast upon the hind pair which are rather thickened. The anterior and middle tibiae are brownish black except upon the basal fourth which is brownish yellow, and merges quite diffusely into the dark brown re- mainder. The hind tibiae are blackish ; only the extreme base yellowish brown. All of the tarsi are black. The pile of the legs is brassy yellow, the hind femora with two or three rows of sharp, small, black spines upon the distal two-thirds of its length. Wings: Venation typical of Brachypalpus ; the stigma is dark brown and there is a conspicuous dark brown cloud at the base of the submarginal cell spreading also above and below it and a similar brown cloud over the anterior cross vein and the end of the second basal cell. In addition, the apical fourth of the wing apex above the middle of the first posterior cell is rather strongly tinged with grey. Holotype: a female, Oxford, MISSISSIPPI, March 10, 1945 (F. M. Hull collector). Caught on wild plum blossoms close to the ground. Paratypes : two females, March 11-13. Also on low blossoms of plum. The Position of Epione mollicularia (Lep. Geometridae) By WM. T. M. FORBES, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Epione mollicularia Zeller was described in the Verh. zool.- bot. Ges. Wien, xxxviii, 481, 1872, on the basis of a male from Boll (we presume from the vicinity of Dallas, Texas) in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The Packard collection, now also in the M. C. Z., has a second male, probably of the same lot, though without locality or collector label, and the only other specimen I have seen is one in the American Museum of Natural History from Arkansas, about half as old. Zeller's placing was reasonable for the time, since then venational char- acters were not much used in the geometers, and the appearance Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 273 is closely like females of E. apiciaria and parallelaria, which still typify the genus. Hulst, in his generic revision of the Geo- metridae (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxiii, 373, 1896), placed it in Hyperetis (which he misspelled Hyperitis) apparently on pure hunch, since he evidently had no data on the venation, and the wing form as figured by Packard (Monog. Phal., pi. 11, fig. 57) is not at all like Hyperetis. Perhaps the pink and yellow coloring, as in H. nepiasaria, suggested the reference. Barnes and McDunnough in the 1917 check-list mysteriously sunk it as a race of H. amicaria, in spite, again, of the totally different wing-form and pattern, and it still stands so in the new (1938) checklist. In the meantime Grossbeck had received the Arkansas speci- men, had recognized it, and set it aside as not a Hyperetis, and presumably a new genus, though the reference was never published. Recently I have been trying to clarify my ideas on the classi- fication of the ennomid geometers, with the use of any new char- acters that could be found; and have studied the antenna (Psyche, xxxii, 106), the pupa (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., liii, 177), the gen a and chaetosema (in press) and most of all the male genitalic characters ; in the latter case parasitizing my col- leagues on a large scale, and specially Mr. Hahn Capps of the National Museum, and my own student Capt. J. G. Francle- mont, now of the Southwest Pacific. I believe that true group- ing characters are becoming clear, and so far as the present problem goes, think there can be defined a tribe Anagogini, based on the following characters : Pupa with eight hooks on cremaster, with a setulose callosity marking the position of the first spiracle ; without flange-plate, and with femur concealed. Imago with antenna pectinate; male genitalia (see figure) with juxta proper reduced to a deep cup, bearing a pair of long spinulose processes (the furcae) ; gnathos strong, beaked, with terminal spines which usually lie in a vertical row or longitudinal cluster ; coremata usually pres- ent, located at the articulation of valve and vinculum, as nor- mally when they occur in the Ennominae. 274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 This group divides into two separate subgroups, one of the three closely related genera Anagoga, Plagodis and Hyperetis, the other a more varied remainder. The latter group are dis- tinguished by the pupa, which has a deep denticulate groove between the 9th and 10th segments dorsally, and by the imaginal antenna which has the pectinations naked, attached to the seg- ments basad of their middle, and extending within a segment or two of the apex. Most of the genera also have besides the usual two divergent apical setae on each pectinuation, a third seta on many of the pectinations of the anterior series, well back from their apices. These setae need fairly high power, but can be seen with 100 diameters of the binocular without mounting. The venation of the Anagoga group has a single trapezoidal accessory cell (the first) while the other group almost always has vein R^ free, and frequently R2 also, the second accessory cell, if either, being developed. The genera which concern us may be keyed as follows : 1. Radius arising by three roots from discal cell, the first two (R! and R2) being normally entirely free 2 Radius arising by two roots only, R2 being stalked on R5_5 Ccpphis (Priocycla) and Epione 2. Fore wing with M^ connate or stalked with 7?3_5 from upper angle of cell ; a transparent discal lunule ; antenna with apical and subapical setae only; sedceagus with strong cornuti Selenia Forewing with M^ free, there being a short but distinct upper discocellular vein ; no transparent discal lunule 3 3. Tongue obsolete ; antenna with apical and subapical setae only ; sedoeagus with strong cornuti ; furcae short and close together Slossonia Tongue well developed; antenna with a lateral as well as apical setae on many of anterior pectinations ; furcae aris- ing from opposite sides of the pit-like juxta; sedoeagus with cornuti -only in M. inatoniaria 4 4. Thorax with smoothly imbricated scaling only ; male genitalia with furcae reduced (determinata) or with cornuti on sedoeagus (inatomaria) , pupa strongly flattened. Alctanema Thorax with normal vestiture, with hairs intermixed ; male genitalia with well developed, usually unequal furcae, the sedoeagus with terminal spine only and no cornuti. Pupa cylindrical Metarrhanthis lvi/45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 275 We may add that in Metarrhanthis, Cepphis and Epione, the wing form tends to be different, there being a strong tendency to have the teeth at veins R and M^ of the hind wing strong with a deep concavity between, with the fore wing less strongly angled ; while in the residue, the strongest angle is at M3 of the fore wing. Male genitalia of Metarrhanthis mollicularia Z. ; with uncus drawn de- tached in side view. /, cup of juxta proper; / and aed., apices of furca and aedceagus on a larger scale. The coremata lie behind the valve and the right one is shown as if by transparency. Coming to mollicularia; this species shows all the characters of Metarrhanthis, so far as they appear on the male imago, in- cluding the fully pectinate antenna, with bristles on the anterior row of naked pectinations, radius arising by three roots, with the first two free, and the distinctive hind-wing form well marked. It is easily separated from any of our other species by the bright yellow median area of fore wing as well as basal area of hind wing ; and in the genitalia by the long, slender and 276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 equal furcae, as shown in the figure. It is evidently the most distinct species of the genus, and occupies the extreme south- west fringe of the humid Atlantic area, to which the genus is limited. The coloring of the specimens suggests the possibility of a racial difference, since both the Texas specimens are clear yel- low with bright rose shades on basal and outer areas, while the Arkansas one has a deeper and duller yellow and the rose area duller rusty ; but this specimen was much fresher when caught, and the Texas ones are rubbed and possibly faded. The geni- talic drawing is from the Packard specimen by courtesy of the staff of the M. C. Z. — since the type has lost most of its ab- domen. Food Preferences of the Cockroach, Blatta orientalis Linn. By PHIL RAU, Kirkwood, Missouri A dozen dome-shaped, wire cockroach traps (3 inches high by 6% inches in diameter) had just been purchased, and while they were still new and clean, it was thought that they offered an opportunity to learn something of the food preferences of the cockroach. It seemed that a test of this kind could not safely be made with old contaminated traps, because the odor left by previous occupants would probably be the attractant, rather than the food itself. Seven traps were therefore baited on May 13, placed in a row, six inches apart, on the floor of a moderately infested room, and observed for eleven days. The traps were baited as follows : 1 — Fresh celery, stalks and leaves. 2 — Hard-boiled egg. yellow and white. 3 — Bacon. A — Boiled potato. 5 — Cinnamon bun. 6 — Sliced banana, fruit and skin. 7 — White bread. Ivi, '45 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277 It was found that the trap with bacon was completely ignored during the eleven days, for not one cockroach entered that trap. The hard-boiled egg, too, was unpopular, for only one roach was taken, and that one entered the trap only on the tenth night. Almost equally unpopular was the celery, for it attracted only two nymphs, and they came in on the eighth night. Banana was more popular, and lured the adults of both sexes into the traps on the eighth night. Cooked potato was much more in favor, and attracted 22 adults, the first ones (9 in number), however, not coming in until the sixth night, when the potato was becoming moldy. Plain white bread was more attractive, and caught 44 adults of both sexes, the first ones (11 in num- ber) coming in on the third night of the experiment. The sugary, fragrant cinnamon bun. however, brought in 65 adults during the experiment, the first 29 of which also entered the trap on the third night. To summarize, we find that in the experiments covering eleven nights, 144 roaches entered the traps in the following order : No. of nights before first ones Bait entered trap Number Cinnamon bun Third night 65 Bread Third night 44 Cooked potato Sixth night 22 Banana Eighth night 10 Celery Eighth night 2 Boiled egg Tenth night 1 Bacon Eleventh night 0 Total 144 We must therefore conclude that starchy foods are practically the entire choice of oriental cockroaches. It is also interesting to note that the longer time it took roaches to be drawn to a certain bait, the fewer were finally attracted to it. Of course, it might be said that after the first few roaches had entered the traps, others followed, not by reason of the food odor, but because of the odor of the other roaches. In 278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 order to test this, and also to know whether for experiments of this kind old, odorous traps are as good as new, clean ones, the following controls were set up. Two traps were baited with live cockroaches, but without food; one trap contained seven adult females, and the other seven adult males. During this period of eleven nights, no roaches came to these traps ; it is evident that roach odor is not an attractant, and the roaches that came into the traps did so in response to the lure of food. Also, it is evident that re-used, odorous traps would have given the same results in testing food preferences as did the new traps. Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Sequel to the Rape of the Wasmann Collection of Ants: Dr. C. Willemse, of Eygelshoven, Holland, the noted Dutch Orthopterist, in a recent letter (November 18, 1945) passed on to me the most interesting and pleasing sequel to the story of scientific "schrecklichkeit" revolving around this famous collec- tion. The following is quoted from his letter : "The collections and libraries of all the museums in Holland are safe and had no damage. Perhaps you heard the story of the collection of ants of the late Rev. E. Wasmann. This col- lection was stored in a small provincial museum at Maastricht. . . . On a certain day there came Prof. Bischoff (a well-known hymenopterist) from Berlin, aided by Gestapo agents, and 'took' (== stole) this unique collection to Berlin, pretending that it was a German collection and that it was much safer in Berlin ! About a month ago the collection happily returned to the mu- seum (in Maastricht), brought back by one of your fine soldiers, Major Prof. Dr. J. W. Bailey, from the University of Rich- mond, who found where the collection was in Berlin and who loaded it on his jeep and brought it back to Maastricht. Honor to the U. S. Army!"- -JAMES A. G. REHN. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 279 How big is a group? There has been a good deal of argu- ment as to what is the best size for a group, in the classification of insects, but I think little really serious thought. It seemed interesting to consider the idea that each step of subdivision should be (on the average, of course) equal, to make the most efficient classification. How large should the average group be, to carry out this idea? Let us assume that there are a million (or perhaps 500,000) species in the class Insecta. Our classification uses commonly 1 1 steps, of which four are used everywhere, while the other seven are only utilized when finer subdivisions are needed to handle a larger number of species. These are : CLASS, Sub- class, ORDER, Suborder, Superfamily, FAMILY, Subfamily. Tribe, GENUS, Subgenus, Species-Group, and SPECIES. There is one school of thought that refuses to admit any cate- gory between genus and species, save as a temporary expedient, but this point of view looks silly to the writer. Calculate the llth and 4th roots of 1,000,000 (or 500,000) and we get 3.50 (3.04) and 31.6 (21.2). It would appear, then, that the ideal size for a species-group would be between 3 and 4 species, a subgenus 3 or 4 species-groups, a genus 3 or 4 subgenera, and so on up the line. Or considering the species in a genus, the ideal number would appear to be about 20 or 30. Actually, of course, the numbers in a proper classification would not be definite, but would vary enormously ; but I think those workers who admit the use of subgenera and species groups are working closer to these figures than they realize.— WM. T. M. FORBES. Obituary Dr. Jean Carl, Sub-director of the Museum of Natural History of Geneva, Switzerland, and an entomologist of distinc- tion, died on June 7, 1944, we have been informed. He was born in 1877 and spent his entire life in zoological activities, from 1900 until his death in connection with the Geneva Mu- seum. Dr. Carl's scientific publications number eighty-two 280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 titles and dealt largely with entomology, particularly the~Col- lembola and Orthoptera. His contributions to our knowledge of the isopods and diplopods were also of very great importance. He was deeply interested in zoogeographic problems, and in addition to important field work in his native Switzerland he conducted field researches in central Africa and southern India. Dr. Ralph Henry Smith, professor of entomology and en- tomologist in the Agricultural Experiment Station of the Uni- versity of California, died on September 22 at the age of fifty- seven years. Dr. Theodore Henry Prison, the well-known hymenop- terist, director of the Illinois State Natural History Survey since 1931, died on December 9. He was fifty years old. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY CHARLES HODGE IV, EDWIN T. MOUL, MAURICE E. PHILLIPS AND HENRY K. TOWNES JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — On interpreting Article 30 of the Code. Opin. & Declar. Intern. Com. Zool. Nomen. 2: 411-430. Beall, G. & Williams, C. B. — Geographical variation in the wing length of Danaus plexippus (Lep. Rhopalocera). [107] 20: 65-76. Beaumont, J. de— L'Origine et 1'evolu- tion des societes d'insectes. [126] 52: 329-338. Costa Lima, A. da. — Insetos do Brasil. [Escola Nac. de Agron. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 281 Ser. Didatica] No. 7—1945, 379 pp. 5.° Tomo— Capitulo 28. Curran, C. H. — Insects in the House — The Fall Webworm. [128] 54: 332. Curran, C. H. — A camouflage artist among Caterpillars. [128] 54: 360-363, ill. Curran, C. H.— DDT. [Natural History.] 54: 401-405, ill. Davis, W. T.— Obit- uary. [10] 47: 230-235. Frost, S. W.— Insects feeding or breeding on Indigo, Baptisia. [6] 53: 219-225. Ghilarov, M. S. — Principal properties of injurious insects surviving to field crop rotation. [99] 47: 211-214. Hemming, F.— Im- portance of facsimile reproduction of rare works. Bull. Zool. Nomen. of Intern. Com. Zool. Nomen. 1: 119-120. Jones & Piper. — Insect photography with limited equip- ment. [65] 47: 275-282. Kalmus, H.— Correlation be- tween flight and vision, and particularly between wing and ocelli, in insects. [107] 20: 84-96, ill. "Levene, H. & Dobz- hansky, T. — Experiments on sexual isolation in Drosophila. [41] 31:274-281. Minkiewicz, S.— Obituary. [4] 77: 116. Rosillo, M. A. — Enumeracion de Insectos vinculados a la Economia de Entre Rios. [Memorias del Museo de Entre Rios] No. 22, Zoologia. 82 pp. Seamans & Rock.— Starvation of early instar of Agrotis orthogonia Morri, in control. [4] 77 : 57-60. Strickland, A. H.— Survey of the Arthropod soil and litter fauna of some forest reserves and Cacao estates in Trinidad. British West Indies. [97] 14: 1-11. Zikan, J. F. — Consideraqoes sobre a Metamorfose dos Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, 1944. 37 pp. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Abbott, C. E. — Oviposition in Phaenicia (Lucilia) sericata Meig. [6] 53: 227-230. Beament, J. W. L.— Cuticulae lipoids of in- sects. [33] 21: 115-131, ill. Buxton, P. A.— Experiments with DDT in solutions and emulsions against mosquito larvae in West Africa. [22] 36: 165-175. Canals, J.- Descr. de n. gen. y esp. de opiliones de la subf. Pachylinae. [124] 8: 1-21. ill., 1943 (S). Carter, W.— Oral secretions of Pineapple Mealybug. [12] 38: 335-338. Cockayne, E. A. — Peroneural defect in Brenthis euphrosyne L. [21] 57: 109-110. Cooper & Whitenall. — An arsenic resistant tick. [31] 156: 450-451. Dampf, A.— Notas Sobre Pulgas I a VII. [35] 6: 47-70, ill. DeMeillon, Goldberg & Lavoi- pierre. — Nutrition of the larva of Aedes aegypti L. II. Es- sential water-solvent factors from yeast. [33] 21 : 90-96. Deoras, P. J. — On the comparative morphology and evolu- tion of adult Trichoptera. [123] 6: 35-48. Dos Passos & Grey. — A genitalic survey of Argynninae (Lepidoptera : 282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 Nymphalidae). [40] 1296: 1-29, ill. Geigy & Aboim.- Gonadenentwicklung bei Drosophila nach friihembyonaler Ausschaltung der Geschlechtszellen. [126] 51 : 410-417, ill. Gibson, N. H. E. — On the mating swarms of certain Chiro- nomidae. [36] 95: 263-294. Gloor, H. — Phanokopie einer Letalmutante von Drosophila melanogaster. [126] 51: 394-402, ill. Hadom & Graber. — Uber einen Drosophila- Stamm mit veranderten Spermatheken. [126] 51: 418-423, ill. Kalmus, H. — Correlations between flight and vision, and particularly between wings and ocelli in insects. [107] 20: 84-96. Kennedy, J. S. — Observations on the mass mi- gration of desert locust hoppers. [36] 95 : 247-262. Lyman, F. E. — Reactions of nymphs of Stenonema to light. [7] 38: 234-236. Marlowe, R. H. — Effect of foods on ovarian development in the melon fly. [12] 38: 339-340. Muma, M. H. & Jeffers, W. F. — Studies of the spider prey of sev- eral mud-dauber wasps. [7] 38: 245-255. Nicholson, H. P. — Morphology of mouth parts of non-biting blackfly, Eusi- milium dacotense, cf. with biting species, Simulium venus- tum Say. [7] 38: 281-297. Pal, R.— Nephrocytes in some Culicidae. [123] 6: 143-148. Park, T. & Davis, M. B.— Further analysis of fecundity in flour beetles. [7] 38: 237- 244. Parkin, E. A. & Green, A. A.— The toxicity of DDT to the housefly. [22] 36: 149-162. Rakshpal, R.— On the structure and development of the male reproductive organs in the Lepidoptera. [123] 6: 87-93. Reiff, M.— Fertili- tatstypen bei Seliktionsstammen, ihr Verhalten bei Kreuz- ungen und Transplantationsversuchen. Drosophila melano- gaster. [126] 52: 155-211, ill. Reiff, M.—Fertilitatstyphen bei Selektionsstammen von Drosophila melanogaster und ihr Verhalten bei Kreuzungen. [126] 51: 424-430. Ris & Grouse. — Structure of the salivary gland chromosomes of Diptera. [Proc. National Acad. Science] 31 : 321-327, ill. Sevastopulo, D. G. — Effect of overcrowding larvae (Lepid.). [9] 78: 117-119. Soenen, M. A.— L'organe de Johnston des Diptera Brachyceres. [Annales Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles] 9— 22, ill. Webb, J. E. — On the respiratory mechanism of Melaphagus ovinus L. (Diptera). [93] 114: 218-250, ill. Wellington. — Conditions governing distribution of insects in free atmosphere. [4] 77: 69-73. Wigglesworth, V. B.— Transpiration through the cuticle of insects. [33] 21 : 97- 114, ill. Zikan, J. F. — Considerations on the metamorphosis of insects. Rio de Janeiro, 1944, pp. 52, 14 pis. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPpDA— Arthur, D. R.- Hatching of the eggs of Ixodes ricinus. [31] 156: 538. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 283 Chamberlin & Ivie. — Some Erigonid spiders of the genera Eulaira and Diplocentria. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 36: 3-19, ill. Cloudsley-Thompson, Capt. J. L. — Behaviour of the com- mon centipede Lithobuis forficatus. [31] 156: 537-538. Cooper & Whitnall. — (See under Anatomy.) Goodnight, C. J. & M. L.— Phalangida from the U. S. [6] 53: 239- 245 (*). Hoff, C. C. — The pseudoscorpion subfamily Ol- piinae. [40] 1291: 1-30, ill. (k*). Hoff, C. C.— Two new pseudoscorpions of the genus Dolichowithius. [40] 1300: 1-7, ill. Holm, A. — Studien iiber die Entwicklung und Ent- wicklungsbiologie der Spinnen. [127] 19: 1-214, ill. Holm, A. — Uber Gynandromorphismus und Intersexualitat bei den Spinnen. [127] 20: 397^14, ill. Kaston, B. J.— New spi- ders in the group Dionycha with notes on other species. [40] 1290: 1-25, ill. Kaston, B. J.— New Micryphantidae and Dictynidae with notes on other spiders. [40] 1292: 1- 14, ill. Lawrence, R. F. — A new parasite mite from the golden mole. [93] 114: 302-306, ill. Mello-Leitao, C. de.- Consideragoes sobre o Genero Eusarcus Perty E Descricao de Quatro Novos Laniatores. [15] 37: 149-162. ill. (S). Nevin, F. R. — Immature forms of the mite Caeculus pettiti. [7] 38: 195-198. Schubart, O. — Alguns diplopodos novos do ceara colecionados por alcides L. Gomes. [125] 5: 275- 281, ill. (*). Smith, C. N.— Biology of Ixodes dentatus Neum. [7] 38: 223. Stahnke, H. L. — Scorpions of the genus Hadrurus Thorell. [40] 1298: 1-9. SMALLER ORDERS— Aubert, J.— Le Micropterisme chezles Plecopteres (Perlaries). [126] 52 : 395-399. Bonet, F. — Nuevos Generos y Especies de Hipogastruridos de Mexico (Collembola). [35] 6: 13-45. ill. Borror, D. J.- Key to New World genera of Libellulidae. [7] 38: 168- 194'. Carpenter, F. M. — Panorpidae from China. [5| 52: 70-78. Emerson, A. E. — The neotropical genus Syntermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). [62] 83: 433-471. Jordan, H. E. K. — On the deciduous frontal tubercle of some genera of Siphonaptera. [108] 14: 113-116. Koch, M.— Zygaena Fab. Mitteil. d. Miinchner Ent. Gesell. 34: 66-81. Light & Illig.- — Rate and extent of development of Neotenic Re- productives in groups of nymphs of the termite genus Zootermopsis. [Univ. of Cal. Pub. in Zoology] 53: 1-40. Salmon, J. T. — Notes and synonymy on some Generic name- of the Collembola. [Trans. Royal Soc. of New Zealand] 75: 68-71. Werneck, F. L. — Note on Linognathus cervi- caprae. [Ill] 41: 233-235. Werneck, F. L.— Mallophaga from the Andes. [Ill] 41 : 257-261. Williner, G. J.— Dos 284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 nuevos corrodentidos de Cordoba. [124] 9: 445-452, ill., 1944. HEMIPTERA— Atkins & Dahms. — Reaction of small- grain varieties to green bug attack. [U. S. D. A. Tech. Bull] 901: 1-30. ill. Balduf, W. V.— Bionomic notes on Menecles insertus (Say). [19] 40: 61-65. Beamer, R. H.- Four new species in the genus Bakerella. [103] 18: 149- 154. Brown, E. S. — Corixidae of the Faeroe Islands, with observations of the geographic distribution of Corixidae in neighbouring parts of the world. [93] 114: 490-506. Bruch, C. — (See under Coleoptera.) Carvalho, J. C. M.— Mirideos neotropicais : XVIII. Novo genero e nova especie de "Dicyphinae" (Hemiptera). [125] 5 : 303-306, ill. Car- valho, J. C. M. — Mirideos neotropicais. [105] 16: 158- 186 (*). China, W. E.— A completely blind bug of the fam- ily Lygaeidae. [108] 14: 126-128. Christensen, J. R.- Nota sobre Agalliana ensigera (Homopt.). [124] 7: 27-36, ill., 1942. Cook, W. C. — Relation of spring movements of beet leafhopper in central Calif, to temperature accumula- tions. [7] 38: 149-162. Costa Lima, A. da & C. A. Campos Seabra. — Stenopodinae da coleqao do Institute Oswaldo Cruz. [Ill] 41: 507-510. Costa Lima, A. da.— Descr. de Nuevo Reduvidae de la Argentina. [124] 6: 499-500, 1941. DeLong, D. M. — A new genus Acunasus and 8 new species of Mexican leafhoppers. [7] 38: 199-206. Drake & Ham- bleton. — Concerning Neotropical Tingitidae (Hemiptera). [91] 35: 356-367 (*). Drake & Harris.— Concerning the Subfamily "Vesciinae" (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). [125] 5: 155-156. Drake & Harris. — Concerning the genus "Metro- bates" Uhler (Hemiptera: Gerridae). [125] 5: 179-180 (*). Drake & Harris. — Notas sobre Hebridae del hemisferio occidental. [124] 8: 41-58, 1943 (*S). Drake, C. J. & Harris, H. M. — Two new species of A/nerican Sirthenea. [46] 4: 53-56. Drake, C. J. & Hurd, M. P.— New American Tingitidae. [46] 4: 123-128. Fennah, R. G.— External male genitalia of Fulgoroidea. [10] 47: 217-229. Fennah, R. G. — The Cixiini of the Lesser Antilles (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). [95] 58: 133-146, ill. (*k). Fennah, R. G.- Tropiduchidae and Kinnaridae from the Greater Antilles. [5] 52: 119-138. Harris, H. M. & Drake, C. J.— A new Brachymetra from Peru with a list of known species. [10] 47: 211-212. Hurd, M. P. — Monograph of the genus Cory- thaica Stal (Hemiptera: Tingidae). [81] 20: 79, ill. (K). Knowlton & Allen. — Amphorophora studies. [4] 77: 111- 114, ill. (K*). Kullenberg, B. — Fur Kenntnis der Morpho- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS logic des mannlichen Kopulations-apparates bei den Capsi- den (Rhynchota). [127] 20: 415-430, ill. Lizer y Trelles, C. A. — La coleccion Coccidologica de Pedro Jorgensen. [124] 7: 69-80, ill., 1942 (*S). Lizer y Trelles, C. A.- Descr. de cuatro psilidos filocecidogenos. [124] 8: 151- 165, ill., 1933 (*S). Maltais, J. B.— Simple method of mounting aphids on Microscope slides. [4] 77 : 103-104. McAtee, W. L. & Malloch, J. B.— Identity of Tetyra late- ralis Fab. [10] 47: 212-213. McKenzie, H. L.— Revision of Parlatoria and closely allied genera (Homoptera: Coc- coidea: Diaspididae). [117] 10: 47-121, ill. (K*). Met- calf, Z. P. — Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana. [18] 30: 125-143. Monte, O.- Tres novos Tingitideos. [105] 16: 249-251. Palaez, D.— Estudios sobre Membracidos. V. Las especies Mexicanas del genero Sphongophorus Fairmaire (Hemiptera-Homop- tera). [102] 4: 53-146, ill. Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la.- Random notes on Thasus acutangulus. [19] 40: 83. Torres, B. A. — Algunas interesantes alteraciones en el pan de la nerviacion alar en Cicadidae. [124] 6: 519-530, ill., 1941. Torres, B. A. — Sobre un n. gen. y cuatro n. esp. del gen. Tettigades (Cicad.). [124] 7: '253-263, ill. (S). Torres, B. A. — Sobre la supuesta variacion de Tettigades chilensis y cinco n. esp. del genero citado (Cicadid). [124] 9: 453-74, ill., 1944 (S). Wygodzinsky, P.— Two new spe- cies of Ploiaria and Rothbergia. [105] 16: 244-248. Wy- godzensky, P. — Notas e descricoes de "Emesinae" Neo- tropicais (Reduviidae: Hemiptera). [125] 5: 247-262. LEPIDOPTERA — On the type of the genus Lycaeides Hubner 1819 (Lepid.). [Opin. £ Declar. Intern. Com. Nomen.] 2: 431-442. Beall & Williams.— Geographical variation in the wing length of Danaus plexippus (Lepi- doptera, Rhopa locera). [107] 20: 65-76, ill. Costa Lima, A. da. — Insects of Brasil. [Escola Nac. de Agron.] 1945: pp. 379. Dos Passes & Grey. — A new species and some new subspecies of Speyeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). [40] 1297 : 1-17, ill. Dos Passes & Grey.— (See under Anat- omy, etc.). Forbes, W. T. M. — The ennomid pupa (Geo- metridae). [6] 53: 177-210. Fox, R. M.— New genera and species of Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). [40] 1295: 1-14, ill. Frings, H.— On the ability of the cater- pillars of the milkweed moth, Euchaetias egle Drury, to land on the feet after falling. [119] 34: 662-672. Gabriel, A. G. — Notes on some Papilionidae with descriptions of 286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 five new subspecies. [9] 78: 151-152. Howes, W. G.— New Lepidoptera. [Trans. Royal Soc. of New Zealand] 75: 66-67, ill. James, M. T. — (See under Diptera). Luscher, M. — Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber die lar- vale und die imaginale Determination im Ei der Kleider- motte (Tineola biselliella Hum.). [126] 51: 531-627, ill. McDunnough, J. — New North American Geometridae with notes. IV. [4] 77: 97-103, ill. (*). McDunnough— Re- sults from examination of Geometrid types in Cambridge Mus. Comp. Zool. [4] 77 : 62-68. Nabokov, V.— Notes of neotropical Plebejinae. [5] 52: 1-61. Schwanwitsch, B. N. — Wing pattern in Lycaenid Lepidoptera. [107] 20: 97- 100. Tauber & Bruce. — Preliminary studies on starvation of first instar European corn borer larvae (Pyrausta nubi- lalis). [81] 20: 53-58. Travassos, L. — Contribuicao ao Conhecimento dos "Arctiidae" VIII (Lepidoptera: Hetero- cera). [125] 5: 197-204, ill. Vogl, P. C.— Esfngidos (Sphingidae) y Dipteros (Diptera) de la Hacienda La Trinidad de Maracay. [Bol. Soc. Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales] 9: 321-323. Weber, E.— New Morphidae. [Mitteil. Mimchner Ent. Gesell.] 34: 124-134. Wiltshire, E. P. — Zoogeographic classification of West Palearctic Lepidoptera. [9] 78: 113-116. DIPTERA — Addis, C. J. — Laboratory rearing and life cycle of Phlebotomus (Dampfomyia) anthophorus Addis (Diptera: Psychodidae). [57] 31: 319, ill. Alexander, C. P. — New or insufficiently known Crane-flies from Chile. [Agricultura Tecnica] 5 : 5-23. Alexander, C. P. — New or little known Tipulidae. [75] 12: 213-233 (S). Alexander, C. P. — New or little known Tipulidae of Venezuela. [46] 4: 57-76. Alexander, C. P. — New species of crane-flies from S. A. [7] 38: 256-280. Alexander, C. P.— Records and descriptions of Brazilian Tipulidae. [105] 16: 210-243. Bates, M. — Observations on climate and seasonal distribu- tion of Mosquitoes in eastern Colombia. [97] 14: 17-25. Belkin, J. N. — Anopheles nataliae, a new species from Gua- dalcanal. [57] 31 : 315-318, ill. Bequart, J.— Notes on Hip- poboscidae. Additions to the larger species of Lynchia, with two new species. [5] 52: S&-104. Brooks, A. R.— New Canadian Diptera (Tachinidae). [4] 77: 78-96 (*). Camras, S. — A study of genus Occemyia in N. A. [7] 38: 216-222. Carpenter, S. J. & Jenkins, D .W.— A new record of Megarhinus rutilus Coq. in South Carolina. [Mosquito News] 5 : 88. Castillo, R. L. — Anophelines of Ecuador. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 287 [Guayaquil, Ecuador] 1945: pp. 172. Chamberlain, R. W. & Duffey, T. E. — Collection records of Mansonias in Flor- ida, with keys to species. [Mosquito News] 5: 96-97. Cortes, R. — New or little known Tachinidae from Chile. [Agricultura Tecnica] 5 : 24-30. Damascene, R. G. & Cau- sey, O. R.— Studies on Flebotomus. [Ill] 41 : 339-350 (*). Davis, D. E. — A comparison of mosquitoes captured with avian bait and with human bait. [10] 47: 252-256. De- Meillon, Goldberg & Lavoipierre. — (See under Anatomy, etc.) Dodge, H. R. — Notes on morphology of mosquito larvae. [7] 38: 163-167. Dubinin & Tiniakov. — Seasonal cycles and the concentration of inversions in populations of Drosophila funebris. [90] 79: 570-572. Gjullin, C. M. & Mote, D. C. — Notes on biology and control of Chrysops. [10] 47: 236-244. Goffe, E. R.— The genus Ceria Fab. 1794, nee Scopoli 1763, and the several names proposed or used in its stead. [9] 78: 120-122. Goldschmidt, R. B.- Note on the action of the bar series in Drosophila. [Growth] 9: 259-264. Jackson, C. H. N.— Comparative studies of the habitat requirements of Tsetse fly species. [97] 14: 46-51. James, M. T. — A new larvaevorid parasite of the social butterfly Eucheira socialis Westwood (Dip- tera). [91] 35: 328-330, ill. (*). Joyce, C. R.— Occurrence of Psorophora mexicana (Bell.) in U. S. [Mosquito News] 5 : 86. Kelman, M. — The forces influencing chromo- some pairing in Drosophila melanogaster. [90] 79: 567- 570. Koch, J. — Die Oenocyten von Drosophila melano- gaster. [126] 52: 415-420, ill. Lane, J. — Four new species of Culex. [105] 16: 204-209. Lane, J.— Os sabetineos (Culicidae) da America. [105] 16: 132-157. Linsley, E. G. — A Phorid fly from the nests of Anthophora in Cali- fornia. [19] 40: 67-68. Lopes, H. de S. — Importance of female genital apparatus of Sarcophagidae in classification. [125] 1: 215-221. Lopes, H. de S.— Notochaeta aldrichi n. sp., parasite of Oligochaetes in Brasil. [125] 2: 361-364. Masing, R. A. — Egg laying in Drosophila melanogaster as influenced by sugar content in the food. [99] 47: 296-299. Meigen, J. G. — Classification of Diptera. Paris. 1800 (fac- simile reproduction). [Bull. Zool. Nomen. of Intern. Com. Zool. Nomen.] 1 : 121-160. Melander, A. L. — Ten new spe- cies of Empididae. [5] 52: 79-87. Najera, L.— .Mt-todo nuevo para el transporte de larvas de culicidos. [ I'ol. R. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat.] 42: 471-476. Ozburn, R. H.- Prelim. report on anopheline mosquito survey in Canada. [29] 1944: 37-44. Paraense, W. L. — Infc-cofiu c 288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 do Culex quinquefasciatus pelo Plasmodium juxtanucleare. [Ill] 41: 535-540. Peterson, A. G. & Smith, W. W.- Occurrence and distribution of mosquitoes in Mississippi. [12] 38: 378-383. Pratt, H. D.— Mansonia indubitans Dyar & Shannon — a new addition to U. S. fauna. [103] 18: 121-129. Pratt, Wirth & Denning.— Occurrence of Culex opisthopus Komp in Puerto Rico and Florida. [10] 47: 245-251. Rapp, W. F. & Snow, W. E.— Catalogue of the Lonchopteridae of the world. [19] 40: 81-83. Rapp, W. J., Jr. & Snow, W. E. — Catalog of Pantophthalmidae of the world. [105] 16: 252-254. Ris & Grouse.— (See under Anatomy, etc.) Sabrosky, C. W. — Three new African Chloropidae with a discussion of the status of Pseudogaurax (Diptera). [93] 114: 456-461, ill. Schwanwitsch, B. N.- Wing pattern in Lycaenid Lepidoptera. [107] 20: 97-100, ill. Seaman, E. A. — Ecological observations and recent records on mosquitoes of San Diego and Imperial Coun- ties, California. [Mosquito News] 5: 89-95. Soenen, M. A. — (See under anatomy, etc.) Souza Lopes, H. de.— Sobre un novo genero de "Sarcophagidae" de Surinam (Diptera). [125] 5: 295-298, ill. Stone & Earner.— Fur- ther notes on the Aedes scutellaris group (Diptera, Culi- cidae). [95] 58: 155-162, ill. (*). Teixeira de Freitas, J. F. & Lopes, H. de S. — A new Brazilian species of Condylo- stylus Bigot. [Rev. Brasil. Biol.] 1: 27-30. Tomlinson, T. G. — Control by D.D.T. of flies breeding in percolating sewage niters. [31] 156: 478-179. Van Emden, F. I.- Keys to the Ethiopian Tachinidae — I Phasiinae. [93] 114: 389-436, ill. Vargas, L. — Cuatro Nuevas Especies y ostros Datos Sobre Simulidos De Mexico. [35] 6: 71-82. ill. Vogl, P. C. — (See under Lepidoptera.) Webb, J. E. — -(See under Anatomy, etc.) Williams, C. B. — Evidence for the migration of Lepidoptera in South America. [105] 16: 113-131. Wirth, W. W. — Occurrence of Culex elevator Dyar & Knab in Florida, with keys to the Melanoconions of U. S. [10] 47: 199-210. ORTHOPTERA— Buckell, E. R— Grasshopper outbreak of 1944 in British Columbia. [4] 77: 115-116. Carpenter, Hale & Burtt. — Notes on the habits of a species of Oxypilns (Mantidae) and the flight of the male of a species of Pa- lophus (Phasmidae). [107] 20: 82-83. Hebard, M.- Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mts. in vicinity of Hot Springs, Va. [1] 71 : 77-97. James, H. G.— A note on the mortality of Mantis religiosa L., in the egg stage. [29] Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKNVS 289 1944: 35-36. Ogloblin, A. — Nota sinonimica sobre un pre- sunto acridio Chileno. [124] 8: 147-149, 1943. Rau, P.- Notes on the life history of Periplaneta fulig'inosa Serv. [5] 52: 107-108. Strohecker, H. F.— Notes and descrip- tions of Mexican Orthoptera. [7] 38: 207-215. COLEOPTERA— Arrow, G. J.— Systematic notes on a few genera of erotylid Coleoptera. ' [108] 14: 117-118. Blake, D. H. — Six new species of beetles of a eumolpid genus new to the West Indies. [91] 35: 323-327, ill. Bondar, G. — Notas entomologicas da Baia (Ctirculionidae). [105] 16: 89-112. Bruch, C. — Miscelaneas entomologicas, VII, VIII, IX, X. [124] 6: 353-369, 1941 (Cerambicid ) : 6: 500-517, 1941 (Carabid. & Redivid) ; 7: 1-19 (Passilid) ; 7: 129-151, ill., 1942 (*S). Chu, H. F.— The larvae of the Harpalinae Unisetosae. [70] 25: 1-71. Fisher, W. S.— A change in name in Cerambycididae. [10] 47: 251. Gebien, H. — The genus Gyriosomus. [Mitteil. Mtinchner Ent. Gesell.] 34: 135-194 (K). Gunn & Knight.— The biology and behaviour of Ptinus tectus Boie (Coleoptera: Ptinidae), a pest of stored products. [33] 21 : 132-143, ill. Guerin, J. -Novos Megalopodidae neotropicais. [105] 16: 254-260. Hammett, G. G. — An investigation into the life history and morphology of the mustard beetle, Phaedon cochleariae F.. on watercress. [93] 114: 368-380, ill. Hess, L.— Life of Lady Bird Beetle. [128] 54: 406-410, ill. Hungerford, H. B. — The sweetpotato leaf beetle, Typophorus viridicyaneus (Crotch) in Kansas. [103] 18: 154-155. Kelsey, Spiller & Denne. — Biology of Anobium punctatum. [New Zealand Jour, of Sci. & Tech.] 27: 59-68, ill. Kuschel, G.— Un "gorgojo acuatico del arroz" Argentine (Lissorhoptros bosqui n. sp.) (Curcul.). [124] 8: 305-315, ill., 1943. Leech, H. B. — Three new species of Nearctic Deronectes (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). [4] 77: 105, ill. Leech, H. B.- Specific characters and distribution of Agabus vancouveren- sis and A. hypomelas. [4] 77: 77-78. Macnab, J. A. & Fender, D. McK. — Occurrence of Trigonurus in western Oregon. [19] 40: 79-80. Potts, R. w! L.— Key to specie of Cremastocheilirii of N. A. and Mexico. [19] 40: 72-78. HYMENOPTERA— Need for suspension of rules for Prosopis Jurine 1807 (Hymen.). [Opin. & Declar. Intern. Com. Zool. Nomen.] 2: 443-458. Araujo, R. L. — Cuntri- buicao para o conhecimento de "Polybia minarum" Duckc. 1906 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). [125] 5: 157-163, ill. Balduf, W. V. — Bionomics of the rose seed chalcid. Mega- 290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '45 stigmus nigrovariegatus Ashm. [10] 47: 185-198. Banks, N. — The Psammocharidae of Northern South America. [46] 4: 77-122. Banks, N. — Two new species of Psammo- charidae. [5] 52: 105-106. Benson, R. B. — Further note on the classification of the Diprionidae. [22] 36: 163-164. Creighton, W. S. — On subgenus Rhachiocrema with a new species. [5] 52: 109-118. Eddy, B.— Bees and a Bee Tree. [Animal Kingdom] 48: 141-145, ill. Gregg, R. E— The worker caste of Harpagoxenus canadensis Sm. (Formi- cidae). [4] 77: 74-76. Gregg, R. E.— Two new forms of Monomorium. [5] 52: 62-69. Melin, D. — The function of the pore-plates in Hymenoptera. [127] 20: 303-344, ill. Pratt, H. D. — Taxonomic studies of Nearctic cryptini (Ichneumonidiae : Hymenoptera). [119] 34: 549-661, ill. (K). Schaeffer, E. W. — A complementary lethal effect in the sex-linked group of Habrobracon (Hymenoptera). [90] 79 : 509-522. Schuster, R. M.— A key to the Central Ameri- can, Mexican and West Indian species of Ephuta. [105] 16: 187-203 (*). Teal, E. W.— World of a wild bee. [Nature M., Wash.] 38: 461-464. Townes, H. K. & Townes, M. C. — A key to the genera of Eclytini and a revision of the Neotropical species. [46] 4: 41-52. Weber, N. A. — Biology of the fungus-growing ants. [105] 16: 1- 88. Wilkinson, D. S. — Description of Palearctic species of Apanteles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). [36] 95: 35-226, ill. * LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 4. — Canadian Entomologist. 5. — Psyche, Jour, of Entom. 6.— Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7. — Ann. Ent. Soc. America. 9.- — Entomologist. 10. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 12.- — Jour. Economic Entom. 15. — Ann. Acad. Brasil. 17. — Journ. Parasitology. 19.— Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 21. — Entomologists Record and Jour, of Variation. 22. — Bull. Entom. Research. 29. — Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario. 31. — Nature, London. 33. — Jour. Exper. Biology. 35. — Rev. Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat. 36.— Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 40. — Amer. Museum Novitates. 41. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 46. — Bol. Entom. Vene- zuela. 57. — Jour. Morphol. 62. — Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65. — Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 70. — Entom. Ameri- cana. 75. — Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 81.— Iowa Sta. Coll. Jour. Science. 90. — Amer. Naturalist. 91. — Jour. Wash- ington Acad. Sci. 93. — Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 95.— Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 97. — Jour. Animal Ecology. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 291 99.— C. R. (Doklady), Acad. Sci. URSS. (N. Sen). 102.- Ann. Escol. Nac. Cien. Biol. Mexico. 103. — Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc. 105.— Rev. Entomol. R. d. Janeiro. 107.— Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., A. 108.— Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., B. 11 I.- Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 117. — Microentomology. 119. — Amer. Midland Nat. 123. — Indian Jour. Entom. 124.— Notas Mus. de la Plata. 125.— Rev. Brasil. Biol. 126.- Rev. Suisse Zool. 127. — Zoologiska Bidrag, Uppsala. 128. — Natural Historv- Review BRAZIL, ORCHID OF THE TROPICS. By Mulford and Racine Foster. Jaques Cattell Press. 6 + 308 pp. Illus. Index. S3.00. This book is an interesting account of two expeditions made to southern and southwestern Brazil by the authors to collect bromeliads and orchids, both as living and herbarium speci- mens. These two groups of plants are particularly difficult to dry, because of their fleshy structure, and the authors were re- markably successful in getting good herbarium preparations. Many species were successfully transplanted to the Fosters' orchidarium in Florida but also many were killed by Govern- ment fumigation on entry. Their descriptions of the wealth of beautiful bromeliads, including many new species, are vivid and enthusiastic. There are numerous good accounts of the collect- ing localities, which would have been more valuable if a detailed and adequate map of the region studied had been included. References to insects and other animals are few and rather gen- eral, so that the book will hardly serve as a guide to zoological collecting, but enough is said of the tenants of bromeliads to show how much is still to be learned about them. There are 137 black and white photographs, four beautiful kodachromes and 32 line drawings. This is a fascinating narrative of "botanizing" in a little- known part of a country that has always beckoned naturalist- — AMELIA S. CALVERT. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted — Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, 3Vz and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both images and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tripulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst. Mass. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. INDEX TO VOLUME LVI (* Indicates new genera, species, names, etc.) ABBOTT, C. E. The mechanics of digestion in the calli- phorid flies 44 ALEXANDER, C. P. Undescribed species of crane-flies from the western United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipu- lidae). Part III 126 Undescribed species of crane-flies from the western United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part IV 155 AMER. Assoc. ECON. ENT. Statement on DDT 38 ANON. Typhus in Naples, Yellow fever (from Rocke- feller Foundation report) 163 BALDUF, W. V. Raids of Formica sanguinea 40 BANKS, N. Types from the New England Museum of Natural History 78 BENESH, B. Some remarks on the genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera : Lucanidae) 229 BURDICK, E. DOUGLASS. How long do entomologists live? Reconsidered 246 CALVERT, A. S. Review : Brazil, orchid of the tropics . . . 291 CALVERT, P. P. Harrison Garman (obituary) 19 Supplementary notes on the ecology of odonate larvae . . 113 CHAMBERLIN, R. V. A new henicopid centiped from Utah 153 Occurrence of a European centiped in Utah 199 On three lithobioid chilopods 197 Two new centipeds from Trinidad 171 CRESSON, E. T., JR. Review : The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut, Fasc. 1 259 CUTHBERT, N. L. and M. J. CUTHBERT. A cat that eats cicadas 143 DAMERELL, V. R. A simple method for mounting Lepi- doptera 74 DARLINGTON, E. P. Notes on some Microlepidoptera . .70, 89 DAY, M. F. Notes and News in Entomology [Review on insect hormones] 75 (293) 294 INDEX THE EDITORS. Changes in editorship 106 Current entomological literature 23, 52, 79, 109, 135, 164, 190, 220, 249 EDMUNDS, G. F. Ovoviviparous mayflies of the genus Callibaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) 169 EMERSON, A. E. Taxonomic categories and population genetics 14 FORBES, W. T. M. The geometrid tracheation 242 The position of Epione mollicularia 272 How big is a group ? 279 FREEMAN, H. A. A new species of Lerodea from Texas (Lepidoptera : Hesperiidae) 203 Notes on some Hesperiidae, with new records for the United States (Lepidoptera: Phopalocera) 102 Notes on some North American Hesperiidae, with two new records for the United States 4 FROST, S. W. Spurious veins in the wings of Exoprosopa fasciata Macq. (Diptera) 104 GATES, D. B. Notes on fleas in Nebraska 10 GILLESPIE, J. Notes on the Odonata of Delaware County. 59 GRANT, C. More on the origin of flight 243 HEBARD, M. The species and races of Hesperotettix in Utah (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Cyrtacanthracridae) .... 173 HENDERSON, W. F. Additional notes on Papilio aristo- demus ponceana Schaus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) .. 187 Papilio aristodemus ponceana (Lepidoptera: Papilioni- dae) 29 HODGE, C. IV. Current entomological literature 280 HULL, F. M. New syrphid flies 182, 210 New syrphid flies from Mississippi 268 KNOWLTON, G. F. Amphorophora aphids notes 206 LINSLEY, E. G. A new species of Paranomada with notes on Melecta thoracica Cresson 149 MARX, E. J. F. Review: The genus Conotrachelus Dejean (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in the North Central United States 78 INDEX 295 MOUL, E. T. Notes on Arilus cristatus (Linnaeus) in York County, Pennsylvania, and on its prey (Heterop- tera : Reduviidae) 57 Current entomological literature 280 MUMA, H. and K. E. MUMA. Biological notes on Atypus bicolor Lucas (Arachnida) 122 NEEDHAM, J. G. Tracking dragonfly nymphs 141 NEWMAN, J. H. Midwinter collecting of Lepidoptera in Michigan 7 PHILLIPS, M. E. Current entomological literature 280 RAPP, W. F., JR. A correction 220 Neopaniasis, new name for Paniasis Druce 1890 (Lepi- doptera) 117 The Andrew Bolter insect collection 209 RAU, P. Food preferences of the cockroach Blatta orien- talis 276 Notes on the behavior of certain ants 118 Observation hives 218 The Wasmann collection of ants 69 REHN, J. A. G. Forficuline Dermaptera from the south- ern Cameroons 144 Sequel to the rape of the Wasmann collection of ants . . 278 The status of Stal's Oedipoda venusta, 1861 (Orthop- tera, Acrididae, Oedipodinae) 132 REMINGTON, C. L. The feeding habits of Uranotaenia lowii (Diptera: Culicidae) 32, 64 RICHARDS, A. G., JR. Notes and News in Entomology [Fate of the hemoglobin ingested by insects] 50 [Intracellular symbionts] 107 Review : Tempo and mode in evolution 134 RODECK, H. G. Genus Melanomada Cockerell, new desig- nation (Hym. : Apoidea) 202 Two new genera of Nomada Scopoli (Hym. : Apoidea) . 179 Ross, H. H. Sawfly genitalia ; terminology and study techniques 261 SCHMIEDER, R. G. Insects, men and ultra-violet . . . 219 . 294 INDEX THE EDITORS. Changes in editorship 106 Current entomological literature 23, 52, 79, 109, 135, 164, 190, 220, 249 EDMUNDS, G. F. Ovoviviparous mayflies of the genus Callibaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) 169 EMERSON, A. E. Taxonomic categories and population genetics 14 FORBES, W. T. M. The geometrid tracheation 242 The position of Epione mollicularia 272 How big is a group ? 279 FREEMAN, H. A. A new species of Lerodea from Texas (Lepidoptera : Hesperiidae) 203 Notes on some Hesperiidae, with new records for the United States (Lepidoptera: Phopalocera) 102 Notes on some North American Hesperiidae, with two new records for the United States 4 FROST, S. W. Spurious veins in the wings of Exoprosopa fasciata Macq. (Diptera) 104 GATES, D. B. Notes on fleas in Nebraska 10 GILLESPIE, J. Notes on the Odonata of Delaware County. 59 GRANT, C. More on the origin of flight 243 HEBARD, M. The species and races of Hesperotettix in Utah (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Cyrtacanthracridae) .... 173 HENDERSON, W. F. Additional notes on Papilio aristo- demus ponceana Schaus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) . . 187 Papilio aristodemus ponceana (Lepidoptera: Papilioni- dae) 29 HODGE, C. IV. Current entomological literature 280 HULL, F. M. New syrphid flies 182, 210 New syrphid flies from Mississippi 268 KNOWLTON, G. F. Amphorophora aphids notes 206 LINSLEY, E. G. A new species of Paranomada with notes on Melecta thoracica Cresson 1 49 MARX, E. J. F. Review: The genus Conotrachelus Dejean (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in the North Central United States , 78 - • • * » • • i INDEX 297 Hemoglobin absorption and fate 50 Hormones in insects 75 How big is a group ? 279 How long do entomologists live? 189, 246 Microlepidoptera, biology of some 70, 89 Mosquito sampling, human bait vs. light-trap 93 Mounting lepidoptera 74 Nomenclature and semantics . 100 Observation hives 218 Odonata, ecology of larvae ... 113 Origin of flight 243 Ovoviviparous mayflies 169 Papilio ponccana 32 Philippine Journal of Science . 247 Prey of Arilus crisfatus 57 Raids of Formica sanguined . . 40 Snakes 248 Sound waves of Oecantlius, di- rectional 1 Speciation (review of book) . . 134 Symbionts, intracellular 107 Taxonomic categories and pop- ulation genetics 14 Tracheation, geometrid 242 Tracking dragonfly nymphs . . 141 Types of the N. Engl. Mus. Nat. Hist 78 Typhus in Naples 163 Ultra-violet vision in insects . 219 Veins, spurious (Dipt.) 104 Vitamins and symbionts 107 Wasmann collection 69, 278 Yellow fever 163 OBITUARY NOTICES Carl, J 279 Prison, T. H 280 Carman, H 19 Le Cerf, Fd 259 Smith, R. H. 280 PERSONALS Alexander, C. P 245 Alvarado, D. E 247 Avinoff, A 188 Banks, N 162 Bequaert, J. C 188 Betrem, J. G 189 Blaisdell, F. E., Sr 162 Brues, C. T 245 Costa Lima, A. M. da 245 Cutkomp, L. K 218 Fan, H. Y 218 Haydak, M. H 218 Mickel, C. E 218 Querci, Orazio 22 Richards, A. G., Jr 162 Riley, W. A 218 Stempff er, M 99 Van der Vecht, J 189 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION California: Dipt. 132; Hym. .. 150 Cameroons : Dermaptera 144 Costa Rica : Dipt 217 Cuba : Homop 235 Florida: Dipt. 187; Lepid. 29, 91, 187 Georgia : Hem. 238 Guadalcanal : Dipt 212, 215 Idaho: Dipt 128 Illinois: Chilopods 197, 198 Lourenco Marquez : Dipt 184 Mexico : Chilopod 198 Michigan : Lepid 7 Mississippi : Dipt 185, 268 Nebraska : Siphonapt 10 New Georgia : Dipt 213 New Jersey : Lepid 70 North Carolina: Odonate larva 116 Oregon : Dipt 161 Pennsylvania : Odonata 59 Puerto Rico: Hem. 241 298 INDEX South Dakota : Hym 152 Texas: Lepid 4, 102, 148, 203 Trinidad : Chilopods 171 United States: Lepid. ..4, 102, 148 Utah: Horn. 206; Orth. 175; Chilopod 153, 199 Washington: Dipt. 130, 158, 159, 216 Wyoming : Dipt 156 COLEOPTERA Apterodorcus 229 bacchus, Apterodorcus 232 Conotrachclus (review of book) 78 Intracellular symbionts 107 japonica, Popillia 6 Iristis, Apterodorcus 234 DIPTERA acgypti, Aedes 66 anastasia,* Volucella 270 anmdata, Uranotaenia 33 arcthusa* Mesogramma 185 cladacantha* Tipnla 130 confinnis, Psorophora 36 Digestion in Calliphora 44 Diptera of Connecticut, Review 259 distilobatus* Molophilits 160 erythroccphala, Calliphora ... 44 fasciata, E.roprosopa 104 Feeding habits, Uranotaenia . . 32 Gastrophilus, hemoglobin in . . 52 hcmipennis* Dideopsis 212 hispa* Ormosia 158 lowii, Uranotaenia 32 malleus* Ccrioides 182 margaritus* Brachypalpus ... 271 maritimus* Eristalis 210 minuta* Chrysogaster 215 mississipcnsis* Mallota 268 Mosquito sampling, human bait vs. light-trap 93 nigrovittata* Eristalis collaris 213 polycantha* Erioptera 156 rastristyla* Tipula 129 sacajawea,* Tipula 126 sapphirina, Uranotaenia 33 separata* Mallota 184 Spurious veins, Exoprosopa . . 104 uncinata* Salpingogaster 216 yellowstonensis,* Limonia 155 HEMIPTERA Anisops, hemoglobin in 52 Buenoa, hemoglobin in 52 Cimex (digestion) 51 cristatus, Arilus 57 Cryptostemma 238 Macrocorixa, hemoglobin in . . 52 pratti* Cryptostemma 240 prolixus, Rhodnius (digestion) 50 ithleri, Cryptostemma 239 HOMOPTERA Amphorophora, notes 206 arnicae, Amphorophora 207 Cat eats cicadas 143 crataegi, Amphorophora 207 Coelocara* 237 cubana* Heteropsylla 236 dugesii, Freysitila 237 Epicarsa 237 Freysuila 237 fronki* Amphorophora 206 geranii, Amphorophora 207 grandiceps, Katacephala 238 grindeliac, Amphorophora 207 halli, Amphorophora 207 laingi, Amphorophora 207 linnei, Tibicen 143 masoni, Amphorophora 208 minima, Amphorophora 208 nervata, Amphorophora 208 Platycorypha* 235 prince ps* Platycorypha* .... 235 Psyllidae of Cuba 235 rubi, Amphorophora 208 INDEX 299 rubicola, Amphorophora 208 rubicumberlandi, Amphoro- phora 208 schwarsi* Coclocara* new name 237 sensoriata, Amphorophora .... 208 sonchi, Amphorophora 208 tenuipennis, Kataccphala 238 HYMENOPTERA antonita, Nomada ....'" 181 Ants, notes on behavior 118 barbatus, Pogonomyrmex .... 120 Bees, chrysine in 50 calif arnica,* Paranomada .... 149 Callinomada* 181 castaneus, Camponotns 118 cespitum, Tctramorium 119 daviger, Lasius 119 curvispinosus, Lcptothora.v . . . 120 fulva, Aphaenogaster 40 fusca subscricea, Formica .... 118 Genitalia of sawflies 261 grindeliae, Nomada 202 hcrculeanus, Camponotus .... 118 Holonomada* 179 imparts, Prenolepsis 119 lacviuscula, Crematogastcr . . . 121 melanantha, Mclonomada .... 202 Melanomada* 202 minimum, Monomorium 121 molcsta, Solcnopsis 121 neogogates, Formica 40 occidental{f, Pogonomyrmex . . 120 Pachynomada* 180 sanguined, Formica, Raids ... 40 subscricea, Formica fusca .... 40 thoracica, Mclccta 151 vincta, Nomada 180 Wasmann collection of ants. 69, 278 LEPIDOPTERA agrimoniclla, Anacampsis .... 90 aleoptera, Enpaniasis 117, 120 aleoptera, Paniasis 117, 120 Anagogini, key to 274 anaphus, Astraptcs 5 argentipunclella, Gelcchia .... 90 aristodemus, Papilio 29 asander, Aguna 102 Biology of some Microlep. . .70, 89 bipunctellus, Dichomcris 91 bosquella, Stegasta 90 Cepphis 274 clonius, Spathilepia 103 comptana, Ancylis 73 concitatricana, Gwendolina ... 73 crataegella, Lithocolletis 91 dacckeana, Endothcnia 71 dolores, Pericharcs phocion . . 5 cdata, Lerodea 103 Ennominae 272 Epione 272 curycles, Urbanus 4 fasciolana, Gypsonoma 72 floridana, Ancylis 73 fulgcrator, Astraptes 5 Geometrid tracheation 242 granitata, Semiothisa 242 hebesana, Endothenia 71 Hesperiidae, N. Amer 4 hopfferi, Astraptes 102 julia* Lerodea 204 kearfotella, Compsolcchia .... 90 Key to Anagoga group 274 liriodendrana, Polychrosis ... 70 liriodendronclla, Pliyllocnistis. 92 lupinella, Anacampsis 90 magnoliella, Pliyllocnistis .... 92 malitiosa, Godmania 103 Mctancma 274 Mctarrhanthis 274 Microlepid., biology 70, 89 Midwinter collecting in Michi- gan 7 mollicularia, Epione 272 Mounting method 74 mylotes, Papilio 148 Neopaniasis* 117, 220 300 INDEX packardclla, Gracillaria 91 pertextalis, Pyrausta 93 phocion dolores, Pericharcs .5, 104 platana, Anchylopcra 73 ponceana, Papilio 29, 187 Priocycla 274 robiniclla, Recurvaria 89 Selenia 274 sericoranum, E.rartema 72 Slossonia 274 tertialis, Phylyctaenia 92 trinofclla, Lithocolletis 91 trisignana, Pcronea 89 tyrtacus, Lcrodea 5 ODONATA alleni, Gomphus 200 argus, Gomphus 201 descriptns, Gomphus 201 floridcnsis, Didymops 141 jucundus, Gomphus 202 mortimer, Gomphus 201 multicolor, Aeschna (oviposi- tion) 48 notatus, Gomphus 202 Notes on the ecology of larvae 113 Notes on the Odonata of Dela- ware County, Pennsylvania . 59 Nymphs, tracking 141 Progomphus 142 quadricolor, Gomphus 200 siinplicicollis, Erythemis 114 ORTHOPTERA curtipcnnis, Hesperotetti.v .... 178 Dermaptera (see under smaller orders) Directional sound waves 1 Food of cockroach 276 Heperotcttix 175 nigricornis, Occanthus 1 Oecanthus 1 orien tails, Blatta 276 pictipennis, Dissostcira 133 Species and races of Hcspero- tettix in Utah 175 venusta, Dissosteira 132 venusta, Oedlpoda 132 venusta, Spharagemon 132 viridis, Hesperotetti.v 175 SMALLER ORDERS affinis, Hoplopsyllus 11 ajrum, Echinosoma 145 biaffra, Dicrana 145 bruneri, Oropsylla 12 Callibaetis 171 cams, Ptenocephalldcs 10 cheopis, Xenopsylla 13 claudiae, Callibaetis 169 curvicauda, Labia 146 Dermaptera 144 crythrocephalus, Diaperasticus 148 fasciatus, Nosopsylla 12 flavipennis, Chclisochcs 146 qcnalis, Ncarctopsylla 12 hirsuta, Oropsylla 12 Jwwardii, Orchopeas 12 ignota, Dactylopsylla 11 inaequalis, Cediopsylla 10 irritans, Pulex 13 Icucopus, Orchopeas 12 Mayflies, Ovoviviparous 169 montanus, Callibaetis 170 murrayi, Apachyus 146 Notes on fleas (Siphonaptera) in Nebraska 10 occidentals, Echinosoma 145 Pediculus, digestion in 51 pseudagyrtes, Ctcnophthalmus 11 riparla, Labidura 146 simplex, Cacdiopsylla 10 sp., Oropsylla 13 variagayum, Euenkrates 147 NON-HEXOPODA Amphibian hosts of Urano- taenia 67 bicolor, Atypus (Arach.) 122 INDEX 301 European centipede in Utah . . 199 haywardi* Yobiits* 154 hortensis, Cryptops 199 I.vodes, digestion in 51 Leucolinum* (Chilopod) .... 173 oligopla* Newportia 171 Ornithodorus, digestion in ... 51 plesius* Tidabins 198 Pliysobius* 197 rappi* Physobius* 197 trinidadcnse,* Leucolinum* . . 174 victoriae* Mayobhts 198 Yobius* 153 Zygethobiinae, generic key . . . 154 ENTOMOLOGISTS! 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Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. R. de la Torre-Bueno • STAYS IN ANY POSITION • RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME LVII, 1946 PHILIP P. CALVERT, EDITOR EMERITUS EDITORIAL STAFF F. T. CRESSOX, JR. E. F. J. MARX .1. A. G. REHN A. G. RICHARDS, JR. R. G. SCHMIEDER PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. 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Vol. LVII No. I CONTENTS Beatty — Dragonflies in Pennsylvania and New Jersey 1 Cartwright — A new Phyllophaga from Alabama and Georgia 10 Rapp — Ichneumonidae notes 1 - Osborn and LeClerq — Notice to Laboratories and Museums 13 Notes and News in Entomology Sabrosky — Recent opinions on nomenclature 14 Schmieder — Directing the flight of bees lh Remington — A new entomological publication 19 Bromley — Wheel-bug vs. Japanese beetle 21 Personals Entomological Literature Review— Foundations of plant geography 31 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER. BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada Entered as second-class matter April 19. 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. 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THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII JANUARY, 1946 No. 1 Dragonflies (Odonata) Collected in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in 1945 By GEORGE H. BEATTY, III, Merion, Pennsylvania From 6 April to 8 October, 1945, the writer collected dragon- flies in central and southeastern Pennsylvania and in the south- ern half of New Jersey. 2251 specimens representing 93 species were obtained. Four other species x were positively identified in the field but were not captured, and three species.2 including one of these four, were collected by a companion but not by the writer. Four other species,3 not collected by the writer, were secured in the territory covered by this paper, in 1945, by another collector. Date and locality records are occasionally augmented by those of another odonatist, Mr. John Gillespie, when they provide an extension of seasonal or geographic range or are otherwise significant. The writer is responsible for all specific determinations, though in some cases confirmation was made by Dr. Philip P. Calvert. With the exception of specimens deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and a few pre- sented to other dragonfly students, this collection has been re- tained intact, each specimen being carefully preserved with complete data. It is available to students who wish to ex- amine it. 1 Epiacschna hcros, Epicordulia princcps, Dorocordulia Icpida, and Libcllula julia. 2 Dorocordulia Icpida, Argia bipniictulata, and EnaUagma rccnrvatitm, all collected on 24 June by John Gillespie. 3 Cordulcgastcr obliqmts, Epicordnlia princcps, Llbclliila ribrans, and EnaHatjma carunculatum. (1) | * ' 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '46 The following list of collecting stations includes only those which were visited by the author himself. Except for those in Centre County, Pennsylvania, and Cape May, New Jersey, all of the localities are well within a fifty-mile radius of Philadel- phia.4 A number of species are recorded from this Philadelphia region for the first time in this paper and others are the first from their respective states. A few dragonflies are being re- corded for the first time for the faunal zone in which they were collected this year. In the annotated list which follows, many of these extensions of geographic range are noted and seasonal extensions are likewise pointed out. 1945 COLLECTING STATIONS ALBERTSON BROOK, Hammonton Twp., Atlantic Cy., N. J. 5 Sept. This typical small cedar stream, about three miles south of Atsion, was inspected only near the highway. Agrion apicale, Hetaerina aniericana, Argla vlolacea, Enallagma iveezva, and Ischnnra posita were the dragonflies collected here. ATSION LAKE, Shamong Twp., Burlington Cy., N. J. 5 Sept. Only Libellula pulchclla, Sympetrum vicinum and Argia vlo- lacea were found at this large artificial pond. In a small cran- berry bog in the woods nearby, Anomalagrion hastatitin oc- curred in swarms. BATSTO POND, Washington Twp., Burlington Cy., N. J. 5. 7 Sept. A large artificial pond, formed by damming the Batsto River on the site of a former cedar swamp. The pond has narrow sandy beaches beyond which there is a shallow zone with a 4 A list of dragonflies known to occur within fifty miles of Philadelphia is being prepared. Dr. Calvert, in his Catalog of the Odonata of the vicinity of Philadelphia [Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX: 152a-272, 1893], established a twenty-mile radius for the "Philadelphia Odonate Fauna." However, so many dragonfly habitats near the city have ceased to exist or have been ruined by pollution since the collecting days of Calvert, Laurent, Daecke, and Aaron, that today's collector must go farther afield to find the same species which were formerly abundant in and near Philadelphia. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL MAYS dense growth of rushes. Among the rushes, Perithemis do- inita, Celitlicinis cponina and monomelaena, Libcllnla inccsta, Sympetrum ainbignuni, rubicundulum, and riciiunn, Pachydi- plax lonyipennis, Lcstcs vigila.v, and Enallagma geminatum were collected. At a small mill-pond near the outlet of Batsto Pond, the fol- lowing were noted: Ana.r jiinius, Celithemis martini, Sympc- tnun rubicundulum and ricinuin, Lcstcs rigila.r, .-Irgia violacea, Enallagma geminatum, E. aspcrsum, and Ischnura posita. BEAR MEADOWS, Harris Twp., Centre Cy., Penna. 16 June. This locality consists of a large sphagnum bog at an eleva- tion of 1824 feet, surrounded by higher mountains. The bog is covered with a dense growth of Kalmia, Rhododendron, Vac- cinium, and Gaylussacia, and through its center flows a deep slow stream about ten feet wide. Along the stream and else- where in the bog twenty-two species of dragonflies were found, including Gouiphacschna furcillata, Basiaeschna Janata, Cordn- legastcr diastatops, Cordulia shurtlcffi, Libclluhi Julia, L. quadri- maculata, Lciicorrhinia Intacta, L. hudsonica, Amphiagrion saiiciitin, Nehalennia Irene. X . (/racilis. Chromagrion conditum, and Enallagma liugcni. BRANCH OF FRIENDSHIP CREEK, Southampton Twp., Burling- ton Cy., N. J. 31 Aug., 4. 7 Sept. • A small cedar-stained stream flowing slowly over a sandy bottom. It was examined only where it is crossed by the high- way about one mile west of Fisher's Dam, where it is dammed to form a small pond. Libcllula inccsta, Lcstcs riyila.v, and Ischnura vcrticalis occurred at the pond, while Argia riolacea, Enallagma icecii'a, and Ischnura posita were found along the stream. BROOMALL, Marple Twp., Delaware Cy., Penna. 6, 9 Apr., 17, 22, 25, 29 May, 6 June, 16, 20, 23. 26 July. 1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, 27, 29, 30 Aug. The chief collecting ground consisted of several acres of waste fields, overgrown with small sassafras, dogwood, and tulip trees, which lie at the edge of a woodland area of about 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '46 ten acres containing many tall tulip trees and various smaller trees. This woodland forms a screen across the head of the narrow valley of Langford Run, a small, clear stream which flows into the larger and polluted Darby Creek about three quarters of a mile below. The screen of trees apparently stops the progress of most of the dragonflies which come up the valley and causes them to settle down in the bordering fields. Gomphus lividits, Droniogouipluts spinosus, Boycria vinosa, Aeschna unibrosa, Macroinia iUinoicnsis, Somatochlora tene- brosa and filosa, Perithemis doinita, and Sympetrum scinicinc- tinn are among the nineteen species found at this unusual and interesting locality. CAPE MAY CITY, Lower Twp., Cape Alay Cy., N. J. 22 Sept. Many dragonflies, apparently part of the autumnal migration, were seen flying about a weedy plot of about % acre near the beach. These included Anax jnnius, Epiacschna heros, Syin- pctrnm rnbicundiiliiin, Pachydipla.v longipennis, Pantala flaves- cens, Trained Carolina, and Enallagiua civile. Dragonflies were evident in lesser numbers throughout the town. CAPE MAY POINT, Lower Twp., Cape May Cy., N. J. 22 Sept. Migrating dragonflies were collected among the wooded sand- dunes near the beach. CECIL, Gloucester Cy., N. J. 5 Sept. At a small, shallow, artificial lake near N. J. Highway No. 42, many dragonflies were collected. These were found among the emergent vegetation which extended for ten to fifty feet from the shore and included Nannotlicmis bclla, Cclithemis martha, Sympetrum vie inn in, Hetaerina americana, Lestes vigilax, Enallagma signatitm, vespennn, and pict-um, Ischnnra rambnri, and Anomalagrion hastatum. CENTRAL SQUARE, Newtown Twp., Delaware Cy., Penna. 22, 25, 29 May, 6 June, 8. 10 Aug. At a small artificial pond of about 1 acre, containing practi- cally no vegetation, but many fish, twenty-one species were found but none was of particular interest. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS CLARK'S BROOK, Hammonton T\vp., Atlantic Cy., X. J. 7 Sept. About one mile north of Albertson Brook, this small cedar stream proved to be unusually well populated by dragonflies. Boyeria vinosa, Agrion apicale, Argia tibialis, A. violacca, and Enallagma weciva were collected. At Sleeper Brook, about 100 yards north of Clark's Brook. Argia violacca, Enallagma i\.'ccica, and Ischnura posita were found. "CRUM CREEK FARM," Xewtown Twp.. Delaware Cy., Penna. 8 Aug. The artificial pond of about one acre lies about two miles west of Xewtown Square and about fifty yards east of Crum Creek. It is used for swimming and boating but nevertheless supports an interesting dragonfly fauna. Thirteen species were found at the pond, but Agrion maculatum was the only dragon- fly seen along Crum Creek nearby. DARBY CREEK, Radnor Twp., Delaware Cy., Penna. 27, 29 Aug. This rather large, polluted stream has not proved to be a good collecting ground for dragonflies. Most of the collecting was done at a point about two miles northeast of Xewtown Square. Boyeria vinosa, Sympetrum rubiciindiilinn, Agrion inacnlatnm, Hetacrhia americana, and Argia violacca were the only species occurring here. DAVIS LAKE, Cape May Point, X. J. 22 Sept. At this artificial sand-pit pond, few dragonflies were seen except Enallagma civile and Ischnura ramhuri. "ECHO VALLEY FARM," Xewtown Twp., Delaware Cy., Penna. 8 Aug. About l^o niiles west of Xewtown Square, a few dragonflies were collected at a tiny pond formed by damming a small stream. The pond was choked with emergent vegetation and surrounded by alders. Only common species such as Sympetrum ruhicnn- dulum, Erythcinis siinplicicollis, Agrion maculatum, I.cslcs rcctangularis, and Ischnura vcrticalis were taken. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '46 ERMA, Lower T\vp., Cape May Cy., N. J. 22 Sept. A few dragonflies. including Sympetrum ainbiguniii and S. obtrusiim, were collected at a small sphagnum bog which was nearly dried up at the time of the writer's visit. FISHER'S DAM, Southampton Twp., Burlington Cy., N. J. 21, 28, 31 Aug., 4, 7 Sept. A chain of small lakes was formed when dams were erected to flood a cut-over cedar swamp. The lakes are now almost completely dried up, but the odonate fauna is extremely rich and varied. Among the twenty-three species taken at various points about the lakes, canals, bogs, and streams are Ha- i/cnius brevistylus, Boycrla z'inosa, Somatochlora tcncbrosa, Cclithcmis cponina and martha, Libcllula inccsta, Agrion api- calc, Argia tibialis, Enallagma gcininatiiin, E. pictum, E. iveewa, and Anomalagrion hastatnm. FOLSOM, Atlantic Cy., N. J. 5 Sept. Dragonflies were collected in a swampy field about one mile southwest of Folsom. FRIENDSHIP CREEK, about 300 feet west of "Branch of Friend- ship Creek," described above. 4, 7 Sept. At this large cedar stream, Enallagma ivccu'a was abundant. Agrion apicale, Argia violacca, and Boycrla vinosa also oc- curred here. This is the same stream which flows out of the lower lake at Fisher's Dam. Its banks are densely overgrown, so it was examined only near the highway. At that point the stream is about twenty feet wide and at least four feet in depth. Most of the bottom was covered with Vallisneria, on the float- ing leaves of which E. u'cciva often came to rest. HOLMES, Ridley Twp., Delaware Cy., Penna. 13, 21 Sept., 5 Oct. The collecting locality here consists of two shallow pools on the site of a former brickyard with a combined area of less than an acre. They contain an abundance of sedges, cattails, and many other aquatic plants and are depressed below the level of the surrounding land, providing a very sheltered habitat for dragonflies. Only a fraction of the total yearly population is Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 represented by the following September and October captures : Ana.i- jnniits, Aeschna uuibrosa, A tnbcrculijcra, A. vcrticalis, Sympctruin obtritsuin, S. viciiuun, S. ntbiciindnliim, Tramea Carolina, Lcstcs jorcipatits, L. rcctaiu/iilaris, L. unguiculatns, Enollat/nia civile, E. aspcrsum, Ischniira posita, I. vcrticalis, and Anomalagrion hastatum. Many other species have been found to occur here on other dates by Mr. John Gillespie, who has studied this locality ex- haustively for a number of years.5 LILY LAKE, Cape May Point, N. J. 22 Sept. Except for Ischnura rauiburl, which was abundant, few dragonflies were seen at this pond of about 10 acres. PENN VALLEY, Lower Merion Twp., Montgomery Cy., Penna. 8 June, 30 Aug., 2 Sept. The collecting area here consisted of several small swampy pools in an overgrown meadow. They were fed by springs and contained sedges, cattails, and other vegetation in various de- grees of density. POND NEAR FISHER'S DAM, Southampton Twp., Burlington Cy., N. J. 31 Aug., 4, 7 Sept. This pond, about half an acre in area, is located on a side road, about one mile north of N. J. Highway No. 40 and about two miles west of Fisher's Dam. Most of the pond is choked with vegetation and the banks are overgrown with small willows and other trees. Among the dragonflies occurring here were Anu.v jitnius, Libcllttla inccsta, Sympetrum vicinuni, Pachydi- phi.v lon See "Notes on the Odonata of Delaware County, Pennsylvania," by John Gillespie [Ent. News, LVI : 59-64, Mar., 1 duties as assistant profes- sor, January 1. 1(!46. He was formerly a naval officer on ma- laria control. Promotions include Dr. T. (". Allen from asso- ciate professor to professor, and Dr. J. 11. Lilly from assistant professor to associate professor. 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '46 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY CHARLES HODGE IV, EDWIN T. MOUL, MAURICE E. PHILLIPS AND HENRY K. TOWNES JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k): papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS are not listed. GENERAL — Baptist, B. A. — Control of insect pests by Agricultural methods. [Tropical Agriculturist] 101 : 13—17, 1945. Beilmann, A. P. — Some fungus diseases and insects of -evergreens. [Mo. Bot. Garden Bull.] 33: 221-223, 1945. Bess, H. A. — Influence of natural mortality factors on insect survival. [7] 38: 472-481. Blanchard, E. E.— Insects and nematodes of tobacco. [13] 1, no. 1. Brues, Charles T.— The future of Entomology. [90] 80: 19-21. Champlain, A. B.— Classified collections of insects. [17] 19: 26-30. Dendy, J. S. — Fate of animals in stream drift when carried into lakes. [27] 14: 333-357. Eddy, B.— Let us take a look at insects in Winter. [Animal Kingdom] 48: 176-181. Eyndhoven, G. L. Van. — In Memoriam Dr. A. C. Oude- mans. 12 Nov. 1858-14 Jan. 1943. [101] 86: 1-56, 1943. Frost, S. W.— Teaching Entomology. [17] 19: 30-33, 1945. Gardner, J. C. M. — A note on the insect borers of Bamboos and their control. [Indian Forest Bull.] 125: 1-17, 1945. Goldschmidt, R. B. — Mimetic polymorphism ; a controver- sial chapter of Darwinism. (Concluded.) [Quart. Rev. of Biology] 20: 205-230, ill., 1945. Guyton, T~. L.— A sym- posium on insect problems in Pa. Introduction. [17] 19: 24-26, 1945. Haber, V. R. — Insects in relation to public health. [17] 19: 35-38, 1945. Nabours, R. K.— Derivation of Hymenoptera. [7] 38: 457. Pepper, J. O. — Insect con- trol in Pa. [17] 19: 33-34, 1945. Sorenson, C. J.— A pre- liminary study of cattle grubs in northern Utah. | Farm & Home Science] 6: 11-12. Starcke, A. — Definition of species, subspecies, variety and aberration. [58] 11 : 40-48. Stabler, R.— Insect mounts. | Turtox Newsl 24: 23-24. Watson, J. R.— Bayard Franklin Floyd. [39] 28: 39. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS Weiss, H. B. — Early entom. ideas and practices in Amer- ica. [6] 53: 309-308. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Andre, M. -Hibernation in Tetranycha. [131] 14: 57-61. Begg, M. & Hogben, L. — Chemoreceptivity of Drosophila melam<- gaster. [108] 133: 1-19. Barendrecht, G.— On gynando- morphy in Osmia rufa L. [58] 11 : 146-147. Cook, W. C. -Vitality of beet leafhopper on favorable and unfavorable host plants. [84] 27: 37-46. David, M. — Action of col- chicine and acenaphthene on spermatogenesis of Orthoptera of the genus Stauroderus Boh. [5] 221 : 185-186. Davis, M. B. — The effect of population density on longevity in Trogoderma versicolor Crentz. [84] 26: 353-362. Fernald, H. F. — A colony of solitary wasps. [7] 38: 458— 1-60. Ham- nett, G. G. — An investigation into the life-history and morphology of Phaedon cochleariae F. [93] 114: 368-381, ill. Haskins & Enzman. — Occurrence of impaternate fe- males in the Formicidae. [6] 53 : 263-277. Henson, H.— Theoretical aspects of insect metamorphosis. [2] 21 : 1-15 Hickin, N. E. — Mode of entry of contact insecticides. [31] 156: 753-754, 1945. Hovanitz, W.— Effects of genetic and environmental variations on Colias populations. [7] 38: 482-502. Jones, E. T. & Piper, P. A.— Insect photography with limited equipment. [65] 47: 275-282, ill. Krishna- murthi & Rao. — Media for rearing Rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica St.) in work on the egg-parasite Trichogramma minutum R. [H] 14: 252-253. Kullenberg, B.— Genitalia of Lygus pratensis (L.) (Hemiptera). [28] 62: 177 Light, S. F. & Illig, P. L. — Rate and extent of development of neotenic reproductives in groups of nymphs of termite genus Zootermopsis. [67] 53: 1-40. Lohmander, Hans.- Vorlaufige Spinnennotizen. [83] 35A : no. 16. 1-21. Mac- Swain, J. W. — Nesting habits of Andrena rhodotricha Linsley. [55] 21: 134. Marshall, W. S.— Rectal sac of Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeG. [7] 38: 461-471. Mat- thee, J. J. — Biochem. differences between solitary and gre- garious phases of locusts and noctuids. [22] 36: 343-371. Park, Thomas. — Life tables for tin- I'.lack Flour Beetle, Tribolium madens Charp. [90] 79: 436-444. Poisson & Patay. — A propos de la destruction des insectes parasites par des matieres "inertes." [4] 16: 123-126, 1939. Querci & Romei. — Effects of the reflected solar radiation on in- sects. [39] 28: 36-38. Rau, P.— Longevity as a factor in psychic evolution. [7] 38: 503-504. Richards & Cutkomp. -Neuropathology in insects. [6] 53:313-355. Ris, Hans. -The structure of meiotic chromosomes in the gnis>hop- per. [92] 89: 242-256, ill. Scott, T. L.— Bee anatomy. 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '46 (Microscope and Entomological Monthly] 5: 277-281, ill., 1945. Talbot, M. — Fluctuations in activity of ants. [84] 27: 65-70. Tauber, O. E. & Bruce, W. N.— Preliminary studies of starvation — Pyrausta nubilalis. [81] 20: 53-55. Tauber, A. H., Joyce, C. R. & Tauber, O. E.— Further tox- icity studies with the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis (Say). [81] 19: 429-433. Thomas, M.— Instinct in spiders. [3] 41 : 199-206. Torres, B. A. — Cicadas injurious to agri- culture (Argentina). [13] 1, no. 4. Webb, J. E.— On the respiratory mechanism of Melophagus ovinus L. (Diptera). [93] 115: 218-250. ill. Williams, C. M.— Continuous anes- thesia for insects. [68] 103: 57-58. Yeager & Munson.— Survival time in poisoned roaches. [7] 38: 559-600. Yeager & Munson. — Physiological evidence of a site of action of DDT in an insect. [68] 102: 305-307. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Baker, E. W.- Scheloribates chauhani. a new species of oribatid mite from India (Acarina : Ceratozetidae). [91] 35 : 386^388, ill.. 1945. Braendegaard, J. — I. Spiders (Araneina) from northeast Greenland between Lats. 70° 25' & 76° 50' N. II. On the possibility of a reliable determination of species of the fe- males of the genus Erigone. [Meddelelser Om Greenland] 125: 5-31. ill., 1940 (*). Buitendijk, A. M.— Voorloopige catalogus van de Acari in de collectie — Oudermans. [ 18] 24: 281-391. ill., 1945. Corr, W. H.— Truth about scorpions. [15] 60: 80-86. Chamberlin & Ivie. — Nearctic mygalo- morph' spiders. [7] 38: 549-558 (*). Cooley, R. A.- Ixodes tovari. a new species from Mexico. [55] 21 : 144- 148. Exline, H. — Spielers of genus Conopistha from Peru and Ecuador. [7] 38: 505-528 (*). Hoff, C. C.— Pseudo- scorpions from North Carolina. [89] 64: 311-327. ill., 1945 (*). Lundblad, O.— New and little known Hydra- carina from South America. [28] 65: 135-162. Mello- Leitao, A. de. — New species of gen. Pyenogonium Briin- nich. 1764. [32] no. 42. Thomas, M. — (See Anatomy, etc.) Tragardh, I. — Comparative morphology and phylog- eny of the Mesostigmata. [28] 62: 169- 176. Tragardh, I.— Classification of Uropodida. [28] 65: 173-185. Van Riper, W. — Jumping spiders. [15] 54 : 467, ill. Van Riper, W. — How strong is the trapdoor spider? [15] 60: 70-71. Vergani, A. R. — Transmission of "Lepra explosiva" of the orange. (Argentina.) [13] 1. no. 3. Wallis, O. L.— Okinawan trapdoor spiders. [15] 60: 68-69. THE SMALLER ORDERS— DerWerf, G. J. van.— Een onbekend Trichopterenlarfje Orthotrichia angustella. [ 101 ] 86: 83-85, ill., 1943. Dias dos Santos, N.— Contrib. to knowledge of fauna of Sao Paulo. I. Genus Dythemis Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25 Hagen. [32] no. 40 (*). Kruseman, Jr., G. — Voorloopige Naamlijst van Nederlandsche Psocoptera, benevens van die. welke in het aangrenzende gebrid gevonden zijn (4 de mededeeling over Psocoptera). [101] 86: 94-97, 1943 Montgomery, B. E. — Dist. and relative seasonal abundance of the Indiana species of Cordulidae and Libellulidae. (Odonata.) [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 54: 217-224, 1944. Ricker, W. E. — A first list of Indiana Stoneflies (Plecop- tera). [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 54: 225-230, 1944. San- tos, N. D. dos. — Contribuiqao ao conhecimento da fauna de Pirassununga, estado de Sao Paulo. I. Genero Dythemis Hagen, com a descricao de duas especies novas e notas sobre outras especies. (Libellulidae: Odonata.) [32] 40: 1-11, ill., 1945 (*). Watson, J. R.— Ecological and geo- graphic distribution of the Thysanoptera of the Geenton. [39] 28: 33-36. Werneck, F. "L.— Os Tricodectideos dos Roedores. [Ill] 42: 85-150 (*). Wright, M.— Dragon- flies predaceous on the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L).. [39] 28: 31-32. HEMIPTERA— Carvalho, J. C. M.— Mirideos neotropi- cais, generos Diaphinidia Uhler, Hyaliodes Renter, Hyalio- docoris Knight, Sinervus Stal et Spartacus Distant, com descricoes de especies novas. [32] 36: 1-79, ill., 1945. Carvallio, J. C. M. — Mirideos Neotropicais XVI. Revisao do genero Garganus Sta. (Hemip.). [32] 45: 1-15. ill., 1945. Cook, W. C. — Beet leafhopper (see Anatomy, etc.). DeLong, D. M. — New genus — Retusanus — and five new species of Mexican leafhoppers. [55] 21 : 135-140. Drake & Hambleton. — Concerning Neotropical Tingitidae. [91] 35: 356-367 (*). Fennah, R. G.— The Cixiini of the Lesser Antilles. [95] 58: 133-146. ill. (*k). Ferris & Usinger.- American Polyctenidae. [55] 21: 121-124 (*). Ghani, A. N. — Studies on cotton Jassid (Empoasca devastatus Dis- tant) in the Punjab. VII : Age of leaf and Jassid suscepti- bility. [Proc. Indian Acad. Science] 22: 219-224. 1945. DeCoursey & Hofmaster. — Some factors affecting the in- secticidal action of Pyrethrum extracts on the beet leaf- hopper. [47] 71 : 553-565, 1945. Holgersen, H.— Norske sikadee I. [Nytt Magasin for Naturvidenskapene] 205-218, ill.. 1944. Huckett, H. C.— Timing rotenone ap- plications for control of the pea aphid on Long Island, with special reference to mosaic incidence. [N. V. S. Agric. xp. Station] Bull. 713: 3-30. ill.. 1945. Kurd, M. P.- \ mono- graph of the genus Corythaica Stal. [81] 20: 79-99. ill. (k). Kullenberg, B.— (See "Anat.. etc.). Mansilla, E. E. L.- Phylloxera (see Anat.. etc.). Poisson, R.— Notes Eauniques sur les Hemipteres aquatiques des mares, lacs et tourbieres 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '46 des environs de Besse-en-Chandesse (Puy-de-Dome). Re- marque sur la distribution geographique de Micronecta poweri Dgl. et Scott. [4] 16: 127-132, 1939. Rakshpal, R. —Mustard-aphid (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae Da- vis). [11] 14: 272-273. Sleesman, G. B— Coccidae or scale insects of Pa. [17J 19: 43-48, 1945. Torres, B. A.- Cicadas (see Anat., etc.). Watson, J. R. — White flies on gardenias. [39] 28: 30-31. LEPIDOPTERA— Barros, A. R. do R.— Contribuicoes ao estudo da familia Arctiidae. (Lepidoptera : Heterocera.) [32] 38: 1-11. ill., 1945. Bryk, Felix.— Uber die Schmetter- lingsausbeute der Schwedischen wissenschaftlichen Expe- dition nach Patagonien 1932-1934. [83] 36A : no. 3. 1-30, ill. (S). Chermock, R. L. — Notes on life histories of some Floridian butterflies. [ 17 j 19: 40-43, ill., 1945. Chermock & Chermock. — Two new races of North American butter- flies. [17] 19: 38-40, 1945. D'Almeida, R. F.— Novos Ithomiidae da fauna Brasileira. (Lepidoptera: Rhopalo- cera.) [32] 39: 1-13, ill. (*). Eisner, C.— 1st im Genus Parnassius Saison-Dimorphismus anzutreffen? [18] 23: 44-46, ill., 1941. Eisner, C. — Einige Ergebuisse der Sich- tung der Gattungen Melitaea und Argynnis in Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlijke Historic, Leiden. [18] 24: 116-124, 1942 (*). Fisher, K. J.— Colias, migrating in U. S. A. [107J 20: 107-109. Freeman, H. A. — A new form of Hesperia metea Scudder from Texas. [Field & Laboratory] 12: 20-22. Freeman, H. A. — Further notes on the Hesperoidea of Dallas County, Texas. [Field & Laboratory] 12: 56-58. Gadd & Fonseka. — (See under Hymenoptera.) Goldfinch, G. M. — Notes on Australian Boarmiidae and Oenochormi- dae (Lepidoptera) with description of new species. [16] 69: 189-197. 1944. Goncalves et Silva Cruz.— Lepidopteros de Portugal Coleccionados por Alfredo W. Tait. [Bro- teria] 14: 177-187, 1945. Goodson, F. W.— New species of American Theclinae in British Museum. |9] 78: 169-171.- Hovanitz. — Colias (see Anat., etc.). Jones, F. M. — Platoe- ceticus Packard, and a remarkable new species of the genus. (Lepidoptera: Psychidae.) [1] 71: 99-124. ill. (*). Knaben, N. — De norske artene av slekta Toxocampa Guen. (Noctuidae.) [Bergens Museums Arbok] 1939/40. Heft 1. Nr. 6. 1-15. Lempke, B. J. — Catalogus der Nederland- sche Macrolepidoptera VI. |101] 84:^276-350, ill., 1941. Lempke, B. J. — Catalogus der Nederlandsche Macrolepi- doptera VII. [101] 85: 72-143, ill. Martin, K.— Schmet- terlinge von Madeira. [18] 23: 1-12, 1941. Murthi & Rao. —Alternate media for large-scale rearing of the rice moth — Corcyra cephalonica St. — in the work of mass-production Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27 of the egg-parasite Trichogramma minutum R. (11] 14: 252-253, ill., 1945. Musgrave, A. — Some butterflies of Aus- tralia and the Pacific. Swallowtails II. [Aus. Museum Mag.] 8: 421-424, ill., 1945. Olsen, H.— Blitzing the hem- lock looper. [Nature, Wash.] 39: 34-36, ill. Opheim, M. -Forteguelse over Macrolepidoptera, saerlig fra Vest- lanclet og Trondelagen. jBer_,ens Museums Arbok.) 1938 Heft 2, Nr. 7; 1-14. Poisson, Abbage, Barbotin. — Sur une migration de la Vanesse du Chardon Pyrameis cardui L. en Bretagne. [4] 16: 116-118, 1939. " Rau, P.— Yucca plant, Y. filamentosa and the Yucca moth, Tegeticula (Pronuba) yuccasella Riley : An ecological-behavior study. [Annal Mo' Bot. Garden]" 32: 373-394. Roepke, W.— On the genera Dudusa Walk, and Tarsolepis Butl. in the Dutch East Indies. (Lep., Het., Xotodontidae.) [101] 86: 77-83, ill., 1943 (*). Roepke, W.— On some new or little known Indo-Malayan Xoctuids. (Lepid., Heter., family Agrotidae.) [18]' 23: 13-30, ill., 1941 (*). Scott, F. B. — Hawk moths of Darjeeling and Sikkim. | Jour. Bengal Nat. Hist. Soc.] 20: 62-71. ill. (k). Turner, A. J.- Re vision of Australian Lepidoptera Oecophoridae XII. [16] 69: 253-273, 1944 (*). Van de Pol, P. H.— Investiga- tions concerning the Androconia of certain Satyridae, in particular of Cpenonympha pamphilus L. [101] 86: 91-94, ill., 1943. Vari, L. — Anacampsis betulinella, a new species of the Gelechiadae. [101] 84: 351-355, ill. Wahlgren, E.- Individual variability in Papilio machaon machaon L. [29] 7: 1-9. Watso'n, J. R. — A new host for Composia fidelissima vagrans Bates. (Lepidoptera.) [39] 28: 29. Wilson, G. F. — The leopard moth. [Jour. Royal Hort. Soc.] 70: 148-150. DIPTERA — Addis, C. J. — Collection and preservation of -andflies (Phlebotomus ) with keys to U. S. species. (Dip- tera: Psychodidae.) [89] 64: 328-332, ill.. 1945. Albu- querque, D. de O. — Descricao do Alotipo Macho de Fannia petrochiae Shannon and del Ponte, 1926 e notas sobre a femea. (Diptera: Muscidae. ) [32] 41: 1-4, ill.. 1945. Albuquerque, D. de O. — Sobre Fannia trimaculata (Stein, 1897) Malloch 1913. (Diptera: Muscidae.) |32| 34: 1-11. ill., 1945. Alexander, C. P. — Xew or little-known Tipulidae -Neotropical species. |75] 12: 234-264; 390-419 (S). Alexander, C. P. — Xeotropical crane-flies. [6] 53: 279-292 (*). Audcent, H. L. F. — Addition to Bristol Insect Fauna (Diptera) since 1942. [Proc. Bristol Xat. Soc.] 27: 46-48. Audcent, H. L. F. — Addition to Bristol insect fauna (Dip- tera) since 1939. | Proc. Bristol Xat. Soc.] 9: 381-385. Begg & Hogben. — Drosophila (sec Anat., etc.). Cerqueira 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '46 & Lane. — Note on Haemagogus capricornii Lutz. [10] 47: 279-288. Davis, D. E. — Annual cycle of plants, mosquitoes, birds and mammals in two Brazilian forests. [27] 15: 243- 295, ill., 1945. deMeijere, J. C. H. — Over de metamorphose vau Metopia leucocephala Rossi, Cacoxenus indagator Low, Palloptera saltuum L.. Paranthomyza nitida Mg. en Hy- drellia nigripes Zett. (Diptera.) [101] 86: 57-61, ill., 1943. deMeijere, J. C. H. — Die Larven der Agromvzinen. [101] 86: 61-76, ill., 1943 (k). Goffe, E, R.— Type-species for Meigen's "1800" genera in the Syrprnclae. [g] 81 : 241-248. Harden, P. H. — Occurrence of Orthpodomyia alba Baker in Louisiana. [14] 5: 131. Herman, C. M. — Nose bot fly of deer. [Cal. Fish & Game] 32: 17-18, ill., 1946. Hill & Mc- Dowell.— -Wyeomyia caracula Dyar & Nunez Tovar, descr. of larva and pupa and redescr. of adult. [10] 47: 296-299. James, Maurice T.- — A new larvaevorid parasite of the social butterfly Eucheira socialis Westwood. [91] 35: 328-330, ill. Lee, D. J. — Notes on Australian mosquitoes (Diptera; Culicidae). V. Genus Armigeres and new species of Armi- geres, Theobaldia and Culex. [16] 69: 215-225, ill., 1944. Michener, C. D. — Seasonal variations in mosquitoes. [6] 53 : 293-300. Morlan, H. B. — Dengue fever mosquito con- trol at Galveston, Texas. [Proc. & Tran. Texas Acad. Science] 28: 112-117, 1944. Rapp, W. F., Jr.— New Psy- chodidae from Barro Colorado Island. [6] 53: 309-312. Rapp, W. F., Jr. — Pseudolutzomyia, new name for Lutzo- myia Curran. [10] 47: 278. Rapp & Snow. — Catalog of Apioceridae. [55] 21: 157-160. Roth, L. M. — Aberrations and variations in anopheline larvae of the southeastern United States. [10] 47: 257-278. Smart, J.— Classifica- tion of Simuliidae. [36] 95: 463-532. Welch, E. V.- Anopheles albimanus Wied in Florida. [14] 5: 145. Wise- cup & Shillinger. — Observations on the abatement of pest mosquitoes with DDT residual sprays. [39] 28: 27-29. Wright, M. — See under Smaller Orders. ORTHOPTERA— Ander, K.— Revision of Orthopteran types oj. C. P. Thunberg. [28] 66: 155-162. Armer, Sister J. M. — Influence of the diet of Blattidafe on some of their intestinal Protozoa. [Proc. & Trans. Texas Acad. Science] 28: 93, 1944. Gunn, and others. — Mass departure of locust swarms in relation to temperature. [31] 156: 628-629, 1945. Hebard, M. — The Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mountains in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Va., and notes on other Ap- palachian species and recent extensions of the known range of still other southeastern species. [1] 71: 77-97. Jong, C. de. — Orthopterological notes I. On the Lesini of the Leiden Museum. (Tettigoniiclae, Copiphorinae.) [18] 23: Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS 29 263-272. ill., 1942 (*). Marshall.— Melanoplus (see Anat., etc.). Rehn & Rehn. — A contribution to our knowledge of the Eumastacidae (Orth., Acridoidea) of Africa and Mada- gascar. Part 1. [41] 97: 179-248, ill., 1945 (*). Yeager & Munson. — Roaches (see Anat., etc.). COLEOPTERA— Armstrong, J. W. T.— On Australian Dermestidae. IV. [16] 70:47-52, ill., 1945 (k*). Bernet Kempers, K. J. W. — De larven der Helodidae. (Cyphoni- dae.) [101] 86: 85-91. ill.. 1943. Blake, D. H.— Nine new species of Metachroma from the West Indies. [91] 36: 22-27 ', ill. Blake, D. H. — Six new species of beetles of a eumolpid genus new to the West Indies. [91] 35: 323-327, ill. Brinck, P.— Gyrinidae of Colombia. [29] 9: 19-20 (*). Bryant, G. E. — New species of African Chrysomelidae (Halticinae. Coleoptera). [75] 12: 336-340, ill. (*). Cor- poraal, J. B. — Notes on some Cleridae in the Hamburg Zoological Museum. [101] 84: 359-361, 1941 (*). Curran, C. H. — Insects in the house. Spicier beetles. [15] 55: 46- 47, ill. D'Almeida, R. F. — New Ithomiidae of the Brasilian fauna. [32] no. 39. Decider, C. L. — Revision of the Eroty- lidae (Coleo) of the Leiden Museum. [18] 24: 49-115, ill., 1942 (*). Fender, K. M. — New Laricobius from Ore- gon. [55] 21 : 152. Jong, C. de. — Xotes on Cerambycidae. I-XIV. [18] 24: 18-48, ill., 1942. Kelsheimer, E. G.- Notes on the great elm leaf beetle. [39] 28: 25-27, ill. Marshall, G. A. K.- — On the east African species of Poly- claeis (Coleoptera, Curcul.). [75] 12: 285-309 (k*). Mc- Keoun, K. C. — Australian insects. XXV. Coleop. Tiger Beetles. [Aust. Museum Mag.] 8: 411-414. ill., 1945. Palm, T. — On development and life cycle of Obrium can- tharinum L. [29] 7: 19-21. Park, O— New Pselaphid from Brazil associated with termites. [Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci.] 7: 445-451. Patay, M. R.— Contribution a 1'etude d'un Coleoptere (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)). [4] 16: 3-145, ill.. 1939. Potts, R. W. L.— A new Coenonycha from Calif. [55] 21: 141-143. Ram, G.— Study of the life cycle of Bruchus analis Feb., the common pulse beetle. [11] 14: 273-274. 1945. Saylor, L. W.— Synoptic revision of the U. S. scarab beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae. [91] 35: 378-386; 36: 16-21, ill. (k). Schedl, K. E.— Neue Scolytidae aus Java. Beitrag zur Morphologic und Syste- matik der Scolytoidea. [101] 85: 1-49. ill., 1942 (*). Tanner, V. M. — New species of Araeoschizus (Coleoptera- Tenebrionidae). [120] 6: 125-126, 1945. Upton, R. G.- r>ark beetles of the pines of Stephen F. Austin State Teach- ers College. fProc. M: Trans. <>f Trxa-; Acad. Science] 28: 100-102, 1944. VanDoesburg, P. H.— A new Ili 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan-, '46 Ophrygonius (Zang) from Borneo. [101] 84: 356-357, 1941. VanDoesburg, P. H. — Aceraius lamellatus Grav. from Celebes. [101] 84: 358, 1941. HYMENOPTERA— Buren, W. F.— Leptothorax longi- spinosus subsp. lowensis nom. n. [10] 47: 288. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Descriptions and records of Bees. [75] 12: 350- 356 (*). Fernald.— Wasps .(see Anal:., etc.). Gadd & Fonseka. — Neoplectrus maculatus Feiri'ere — a predator and parasite of Natada mararia Mo. and other nettlegrubs. [Ceylon Jour. Sci.] 23: 9, 1945. Gregg, E. V.— Statistical study of taxonomic categories in ants. [7] 38: 529-548. Haskins & Enzrnan. — (See Anat., etc.) Holgersen, H.— The ants of Norway. (Hymen., Formicidae.) [Nytt Ma- gasin for Naturvidenskapene. Oslo] 84: 165-203. ill.. 1944 (k). MacSwain. — Andrena (see Anat., etc.). Malaise, R. -Key to the saw-flies of the world. [28] 62: 131-140. Malaise, R. — New South American saw-flies. [28] 63 : 89-119. Mao, Y.-T. — Synopsis of Mexican species of Car- diochites Nees. [55] 21: 125-134 (*). Roman, A.— Die Ichneumoniden des Nordlichen Norwegens. [Tromso Mu- seums Arshefter] 54: 3-25, 1936. Ross, H. H.— New tribe and genus of Nematine sawfly. [55] 21 : 153-156. Roszler, Paul.— Myrmecologisches 1938. [101 ] 85 : 50-71. Schuster, R. M. — New brachypterous species of Photopsis. [55] 21 : 149-151. Scott, T. L— (See Anat., etc.) Soukup, J.— Los Proscopidos del Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado." [66] 8: 242-259, ill. (S). Talbot, M.— Ants (see Anat., etc.). Wahlgren, E. — Leafmining Tenthredinid larvae. [29] 9: 138-148. SPECIAL— On Article 25 of the International Code. [87] 3: 129-136. On the status of the name Rhynchonella alta. [87] 3: 109-128, ill. Need for suspension of the rules for Prosopis Jurine. [87] 2: 443-458. On the type of the genus Lycaeides Hubner. 1819. [87] 2: 431-442. Suspen- sion of the rules for Area Linnaeus, 1758. [87] 3: 93-108. Suppression of the name Cobra Laurenti, 1768, and suspen- sion of rules for Bitis Gray, 1842. [87] 3: 77-92. Suspen- sion of the rules for Nummulites Lamarck, 1801. [87] 3: 137-160. On Article 30 of the International Code. [87] 2: 347-358; 411-430. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc. 2. — Biol. Rev. of Cambridge Philos. Soc. 3.— Bui. et An. Soc. Ent. de Belg. 4.— Bull. Soc. Sci. Bretagne. 5. — Comptes rendus de 1'Acad. Sci., Paris. 6. — Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7. — Ann. Entom. Soc. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 America. 8. — Entom. Monthly Mag. 9. — The Entomolo- gist, London. 10. — Proc. Ent. Soc. \Yashington. 11.- Current Science, India. 12. — Entomologische Tidskrift. 13. — Minist. d. Agric. d. la Nacion (Argentina). 14. — Mos- quito News. 15. — Natural History. 16. — Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales. 17. — Proc. Pa". Acad. Sci. 18. — Zoolo- gische Medeelingen. 22. — Bull. Entom. Research. 27.— Ecological Monographs. 28. — Entomologiske Tidskrift. 29. — Opuscula entomologica. 31. — Nature, London. 32.— Bol. Mus. Nac., R. d. Janeiro. 36. — Trans. R. Entom. Soc. London. 39. — Florida Entomologist. 47. — Jour. Agr. Re- search. 55. — Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 58. — Entomolo- gische Berichten. 65. — Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 66. — Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado," Lima. 67. — Univ. Calif. Publications Entom. 68. — Science. New York. 75. — An- nals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 81. — Iowa Sta. Coll. Jour. Sci- ence. 83. — Ark. f. Zool., K. Svenska Vetensk. i. Stockholm. 84. — Ecology, Brooklyn. 87. — Opinions & Declar., Inter- nat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 89.— Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 90. — Amer. Naturalist. 91. — Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 92. — Biological Bulletin. 93.— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don. 95.— Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 101.- -Tijdschrift v. entomologie, Amsterdam. 107. — Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (A). 108.— Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (B). 111. — Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 120. — Great Basin Nat.. Provo, Utah. 131.— Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., Santiago de Chile. Review FOUNDATIONS OF PLANT GEOGRAPHY. By Stanley Cain. Harper Bros., N. Y. 556 pp. $5.00. It is not often that an entomologist finds much to concern him directly in a book on a botanical subject, hut here is one that contains a great amount of material of prime interest to any entomologist interested in speciation and geographic distribution. The book is somewhat broader in scope than the title would indi- cate. It puts a fresh light on some of the problems of in.-r. • distribution and suggests other problems not as yet probed in the entomological field, such as that of disjunct distribution be- tween the Atlantic Coast and Great Lakes regions. The search- ing analysis of the means of speciation is one of the tine>t fea- tures of the work. — GEORGE C. STEYSKAL. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted — Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, 3Vz and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both images and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tripulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. I want to collect Pennsylvania insects from York and Adams Co. E. W. Mange, 307 W. Walnut St., Hanover, Pa. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Lijc Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid \vithir the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozebooni and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Insects Studied Microscopically AT EVERY ANGLE with this Completely Adjustable Holder Available Now for Immediate Shipment at NUSHAWG Biological Supply, Inc. Here's a sturdy, PRACTICAL insect holder for ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED microscopic obser- vation. Simply thrust pinned insect into cork "well" until it is in line with axis of curved arm, then turning knurled knobs you will secure com- plete dorsal and ventral coverage with the insect in constant focus. Once adjusted, insect's position re- mains fixed, due to split-shaft con- struction. Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. .R. de la Torre-Bueno • STAYS IN ANY POSITION • RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York ^ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FEBRUARY 194« DIV- INS U.S. Vol. LVII No. 2 CONTENTS Riegel — Wasps and Water 33 Obituary— Rosvvell C. Williams, J r 34 La Rivers — On the genus Tro.nlnderus 35 Stallings and Turner — Texas Lepidoptera 44 Beatty — Dragonflies in Pennsylvania and New Jersey (cont.) 5n Notes and News in Entomology Steyskal — The number of species in a genus 57 Entomological Literature 58 Review — The adelid moths of South Africa .63 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER. PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $i.30 foreign: $3 15 Canada Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of post: ge prescribed for in Section 1. 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Tire LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII FEBRUARY, 1946 No. 2 Wasps and Water 3y GARLAND T. RIEGEL, Capt., Sn. C., A. U. S. Much lias been written about the interesting habits of wasps by observers who have devoted years to this fascinating study. At the suggestion of Mr. Phil Ran, I wish to add a fragment to this mass of information — an observation made in North Africa upon a curious activity of one species. During the height of the dry season in Tunisia during the summer of 1943. wasps were frequently observed alighting right on the surface of quiet pools and streams, picking up a load of the liquid and, when ready to return to the nest, taking off directly from the water surface. On July 17 near Mateur two of these relatively large insects were collected after they had settled on the water of the Oued el Malah at the village of Sidi Salem. They proved to be females of Polistcs gallic us (L.) (det. Townes, 1945). I had often observed our Ameri- can species walk to a pool for water after alighting nearby, but this behavior was new to me. Mr. Ran, however, has recorded this same remarkable procedure for four American Polistes (pallipes, annularis, nihiginosis and variatus), and given obser- vations on their use of the water to cool the nests during hot, dry clays in Missouri (1 & 2 ) . Undoubtedly the same use was being made of the water in the semi-desert conditions then pre- vailing in Tunisia. Mr. Ran states in a personal communication that there are a few records of Hymenoptera alighting on and taking off from water without breaking the surface tension, and that he has also recorded such behavior in the mining bee, Anthophora ithntpta, but I have been unable to review the literature. Polistcs (/ullicns (Fig. 1 ) apparently has no structure on the tarsi other than eight fairly large setae on or near the claws ^33) •••• i 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 and the empodium that might assist in preventing the breaking of the water surface. Both the specimens collected are about eleven millimeters long, and after drying over 25 months weighed 17.74 and 20.74 milligrams respectively (after the aver- FIG. 1. Polistcs (/al liens (L.), female- age weight of a large number of the same size insect pin was subtracted in each case). As insects go, this is fairly large and heavy, and its ability to "land" on water and take off again with a full load arouses admiration in the observer. REFERENCES CITED 1. RAU, PHIL. 1931. Polistes wasps and their use of water. Ecology, 12 (4) : 690-693. 2. - —. 1933. The Jungle Bees and Wasps of Barro Colorado Island (Rau, Kirkwood, Mo.), 324 pp. Obituary MR. ROSWELL C. WILLIAMS, JR., research associate of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and a member of its Council, past recording secretary and past president of the American Entomological Society, student of the Rhopalocera and specialist in the Hesperiidae, died March 7. A sketch of his life will appear in a future issue. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS On the Genus Trogloderus Le Conte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) By IRA LA RIVERS, Nevada Academy of Natural Sciences, Reno, Nevada The genus Trogloderus Le Conte 1879, among other insects, may be likened to some of the weird extinct mammals ex- emplified by the titanotheres and uintatheres ; like them, its members have embarked on that phase of evolutionary growth which seems to characterize any ancient group in the last stages of its existence — they are developing fluidly and rapidly into grotesque caricatures of their plain and drab ancestors. At first glance, to one uninitiated to the group, their deviation from the parent stock would seem of little moment in contrast to the apparently striking growths achieved by more noticeable ele- ments among the scarabs — but among these latter, there are ready links to fit the chain when the group is viewed as a whole, thus reducing the total effect. The differentiation of Trog- gloderus is nearly as pronounced when the staid drabness of their predecessors is taken into account, and while they have not developed such eccentricities as horns, and probably never will, they have achieved a rugosity of prothorax and a costate elytral condition which will compare favorably with the ex- crescences which, in other animals, have been taken as indica- tions of an explosive growth phase, generally purporting an early extinction of the line. As an additional indication, ani- mals in this stage of evolution, with small exception, appear to have achieved their maximum adjustment to an environment which has for some time been relatively static — and perhaps this final flareup is merely an external expression of somatic flexibility which, unable to produce any variations of value to a system already in equilibrium, continues to exert its influence in meaningless changes in morphology. It is certain, and quite apparent, that in their initial stages such changes are neutral in character; they perform no useful function in adjustment, but seem not to militate against the adjustment. In the final stages even, they may not be of intrinsic importance in any elimina- 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 tion of the animal from the scene. Probably the greatest opera- tive factor in the death of a line is the changing environment itself. Since all environments change eventually, and often with comparative suddenness, the well-adjusted animal is not able to meet the demands required of it to operate as part of the new flux and succumbs. Troglodcrns gives further indications of being in the initial phases of this flareup by the state of flux of its members. All subspecies possess pronounced elytral costation with small in- dividual variation, but the rugosity of the prothorax is ex- tremely variable, and almost defies classification. Differentia- tion has been based exclusively on these prothoracic variations, but they are of such complexity as to present a problem dif- ficult of solution with adults only. There is considerable field- work yet to be done before these variations in the imago can be evaluated — however, enough is now known to indicate re- liably the extent of these variables, and the chief objective now is to fill in the gaps, obtain the "missing links" of the line and to verify conclusively that which, until now, we have had to relegate to theory in the absence of all the facts. When the author first reviewed the genus (1942). he added the species nevadns to the already described costatits and tnber- cnlotits. It was evident that nevadns was closely allied to costatns, but in the absence of truly transitional elements, al- though the former was represented by an adequate series (14 specimens), there was no alternative but to give nevadns specific status, with the reservation that intermediates might be dis- covered with more extensive collecting. At that time, there were several specimens of undescribed variables in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences which it was not possi- ble to work out, and so they were not included. A recent perusal of these has convinced the author that, in some re- spects, they show "missing link" characters still sought in the group, and make it possible to crystallize convictions which had hitherto been held only in theory. The author is deeply indebted to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke for the privilege of examining the specimens of the California Academy of Sciences and for his kind and unstinting aid. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 SUBFAMILY BLAPTINAE Tribe Elcodiini Genus TROGLODERUS Le Conte Trogloderus Le Conte, 1879, North American Entomologist. Troglodcrus Le Conte & Horn, 1883, Smithsonian Misc. Collec- tions 507. Troglodcrus Blaisdell. 1909. U. S. N. M. Bulletin 63. Troglodcrus La Rivers. 1942, Annals Ent. Soc. Am.. 1943. P. C. Jour. Ent. & Zool. The distribution of the genus includes the western half of Nevada, southern California, northwestern Arizona, southwest- ern Utah, and southern Idaho. Trogloderus was erected to in- clude the first described species, costatus. It is peculiar that no specimens have been found in eastern Nevada — Trogloderi have been found up to a line which almost exactly bisects Nevada from north to south, but not east of this line ; yet their area of distribution curves around southern Nevada into Ari- zona and Utah. It is probable that they exist in some portions of eastern Nevada and remain to be discovered. Altitudes of collecting localities vary from 900 ft. in southern California to 6,300 ft. at Lake Tahoe, California, and the zonal range is from Lower Sonoran in southern California, Upper Sonoran over most of Nevada and Idaho, and Transition in Nevada and California. The group is primarily an eremophilous one. and is obviously a product of the Great Basin, perhaps much as we know it today, with arenophilous preferences. The most stable subspecies, tiiberculatits, inhabits the southern limits of the generic range, which is the most static portion, lacking the ex- tremes of temperature prevalent over the northern portions; this and the variable humidities, flora, etc., are reflected in the confusion of variants constituting the remainder of the costatus complex. It is also likely, in the case of these latter costatus variables, that Pleistocene Lake Lahontan which covered wide areas of west-central and northern Nevada in the geologically- recent past is responsible for much of the variation exhibited. (Geological estimates vary from 10.000 to 50,000 years ago for the last body of water to occupy the Lahontan basin proper. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS "[Feb., '46 This ancient inland sea is represented now only by such rem- nant desert lakes as Pyramid, Walker and the recently-dried Winnemucca, and the vast, white alkali flats known as Deserts or Sinks, stretching for over a hundred miles across northwest- ern Nevada, and now bearing a thin sheet of water only during the winter and spring rain season, being deserts in the most literal sense of the word during the rest of the year.) Typical northern ncvadus has obviously been influenced by the distribution of Lahontan waters. All the author's speci- mens have been taken within the confines of the old lake itself, while additional specimens are from well within the drainage system supplying the lake. It may be that this preference for the Lahontan system is merely the result of an arenophilous species seeking the best sand dune areas ; in this case, the lake itself, which seems to have converted many thousands of tons of surrounding volcanic rock into fine sand along its numerous shores. After final recession of Lahontan, this sand has been gathered here and there, where consistent wind currents pre- vailed, into aeolian dunes, often of large size and extent, and on these Troglodcri have prospered. Typical costatus, the most northern of the complex, is dis- tributed from southern Idaho across north-central Nevada to the mid-eastern edge of California. While it has been found on two sand dune areas, one of which (Paradise Valley) it shared with ncradus, it alone of the entire genus, in the author's experience, has been taken in typical Upper Sonoran sagebrush (Artemisia tridcntata) and Transition pine timber (Finns [>on- dcrosa jcffrcyi) country. In the vicinity of Reno, it is a com- mon species along the cottonwood (Populits trichocarpa and P. jrcuwntl) choked Truckee river-bottom, while it has been found at other spots on the eastern face of the humid Sierras, as well as at middle altitudes in the Sierras themselves. It is too early to conjecture on the origin of the group, but their initial invasion of the Sierras at this, the only known point, may have been accomplished by following the Truckee river from its desert mouth to its source in these mountains. The four new specimens tentatively referred to ncvadus, and detailed more fully under the discussion of that form, have no Ivii. '46 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 connexion with the Lahontan system and are obviously, al- though seemingly not now technically separable, of different origin than the northern series. Little can be said of vandykei since but one specimen is known. The author's previous key (1942) is modified below to in- clude the new form, as well as to reflect the present status of those remaining. 1. Pronotum entirely tuberculate on dorsum costatns tuberculatus Pronotum reticulate, at least in the center of the disc. . . . (2) 2. Pronotal median foveae deep, distinct, separate costatns costatns Foveae absent or faint and connected, appearing as a shallow furrow (3) 3. Pronotum entirely reticulate, smoothly rounded on top costatns ncvadits Pronotum tuberculate along marginal bands, dorsum bilobed on cross-sectional view costatns randykci Trogloderus costatus costatus Le Conte Trogloderns costatns Le Conte, 1879. N. A. Ent.. Jan. 1. p. 3, pi. l.fig. 3. Trogloderns costatns Le Conte & Horn. 1883, Smiths, Misc. Colls. 507. Trogloderns costatns Blaisdell. 1909. U. S. N. M. Bull. 63. Trogloderns costatns La Rivers, 1942, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., 1943. P. C. Jour. Ent. & Zool. No new distribution records can be added to the published account of this variable, but some diagnostic features should be elucidated. Size within the confines of typical costatns varies from 10mm. to 15 mm. (including both sexes), and color ranges O of living mature material are from jet black to a weak purplish- brown, with the teneral light brown commonly met in the field. Pronotal reticulation varies from fine and evenly-spaced to large and irregular. The posterior pronotal margin is evident on most specimens unless the foveation is extreme, when the marked crenulations and buckling of the pronotal dorsum in- vade and destroy the continuity of the margin. In these cases, the reticulum is markedly elevated above the plane of the side pronotal margins, which are relatively smooth and flat, as a 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 plateau above the surrounding plain. A marked, but never complete, breaking down of the intervening reticula between the foveae is noted in many of these extreme specimens. Gen- erally, the sinuosity of the pronotal marginal outlines is gently and progressively curved, but some of the extreme forms evince the more marked outlines characteristic of an occasional tubcr- cnlatus and of the lone specimen upon which vandykei is based, but these lack the complete marginal serration of randykei— tubcrculatiis. Trogloderus costatus nevadus La Rivers Trogloderus nevadus La Rivers, 1942, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., December 4/35 : 437-440, 1943, P. C. Jour. Ent. & Zool. There is no additional distributional datum to be added to the northern forms. The length variation is from 8 mm. to 11 mm., averaging considerably less than costatus. The purplish-brown color is much more common than in costatus, but black speci- mens are not rare ; the teneral light brown often predominates in many sandy localities where nci'adns is the only form present. All specimens of ncvadns examined possess well-defined pos- terior pronotal borders, and the reticulations are, almost with- out exception, small and regular, in consequence of which the cross-sectional view of the pronotal dorsum shows a smoothly- curved outline, and appears nearly flattened from above, in contrast to the generally roughly-broken costatus pronotum. Nearly all specimens are consistent in the possession of a sug- gestion of the two distinct median foveae of costatus and tnber- culatus, either as faint depressions caused by a lowering of the reticule walls, or as a widening at front and rear of the narrow median furrow. Among the California Academy of Sciences specimens re- cently examined are four I am referring to ncradus on the basis of pronotal structure, but which are considerably larger than the average of the specimens hitherto known under the name. The largest of these reaches 15 mm., the maximum of costatus, and all are jet black. All came from southern California : Kern County (Randsburg. 5/IV/27, el. 2.500 ft.. Thos. Craig). San Bernardino County (Yermo, 9/VI/40. el. 2.100 ft., W. F. Ivii, '46 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41 Barr & K. S. Hagen). The author is only generally familiar with the Randsburg locale, hut spent a month collecting in the Yermo region, which contains considerable areas of sand dunes and sandy soils, from which these specimens seem to have come ; these are similar to typical ncvadus habitats in Nevada. In fact, the form is known only from such environs. While there is yet little of a concrete nature to bulwark the supposition, it may be that these specimens represent a southern variable in the process of formation, for they are incongruous when assem- bled with the northern specimens. Trogloderus costatus vandykei n. subsp. The jet-black variable is described from a single specimen in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, taken by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke in San Bernardino County (Baker, 22/V/25, el. 920 ft.). While more material will be needed to evaluate finally the form's position in the complex, the fact that no further specimens have been taken in the 20 years since its initial discovery makes it necessary to utilize this unique in com- pleting a survey of the entire group. Of all the specimens so far unearthed, this alone seems to combine elements of all the other known forms. The conspectus is that of the genus, which has been admirably given by Blaisdell (1909), and the differential diagnostic features are mentioned below. It differs from most other variables in ( 1 ) possessing reticulations over the center dorsum of the pronotum and tubercles along the lateral margins, thus suggesting the affinities between costatus and tnbcrctilatiis, and (2) carrying distinct serrations the entire distance of its lateral pronotal margins, which margins in turn are distinctively sinuate, flaring out in a pronounced bulge near its caudad end before bending back sharply to end at the posterior pronotal collar. This pronounced sinuosity plus the entire serrations is found only in vandykei and some tnbcrcitlatits, although, as mentioned, some extreme costatus show a similar sinuosity, in which case the posterior half of the lateral edge producing the sinuosity is smooth and free of serrations; in most ncradns. and many costatus, serrations are common the entire lateral edge ot the pronotum, but the sinuosity in these is naturally symmetrical in the manner of an unstrung bow. bulging evenly in the middle-. 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS [Feb., '46 and tapering gently on either side. In this set of characters in vandykei can be seen obvious ties between costatits and ncvadus. Vandykci possesses a shallow median pronotal furrow as in ncvadus, with a mild but noticeable widening at the posterior end, an incipient fovea. Although vandykei has a relatively smooth pronotal surface, as does ncvadns, unlike the rough dorsum of costatits, in cross-section it differs from ncvadus in exhibiting a bilobed appearance due to two parallel, rounded ridges lying in the center of the disc on each side of the median furrow, whereas in ncvadus, such a section presents a smooth curve across the center. Vandykci also resembles ncvadus in the relative smoothness of the elytra between their conspicuous costae, both lacking the pronounced cross-ridging usually pres- ent in costatits and tuberculatus. These cross-ridges, however, even when strongest, never compare in height with the costae themselves. Another feature shared between vand\kci and ncvadus is the near obliteration of the median elytral costa, especially in the anterior half; this is generally well-developed in costatus and slightly less so in tuberculatus. The following table will serve to formulate these differences more fully : T. c. T. c. T. c. T. c. costatus nevadus vandykei tuberculatus TUBERCULA- TIONS ON PRONOTUM none to faintly on extreme lateral margins same as costatus on lateral margins onlv entire pronotum SERRATIONS complete to ON PRONOTAL incomplete EDGES complete complete complete SINUOSITY OF PRONOTAL EDGES regular to irregular regular irregular regular to irregular MEDIAN ELYTRAL COSTA prominent repressed repressed prominent PRONOTAL MEDIAN FOVAE prominent distinct and separated obsolescent obsolescent prominent distinct and generally separated ELYTRAL IN- TRA COSTATE RIDGING pronounced repressed repressed pronounced Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 Trogloderus costatus tuberculatus Blaisdell Troglodcnis tuberculatus Blaisdell, 1909. U. S. N. M. Bull. 63: 490-492. pi. 6. fig. 14. Trogloderus tuberculatus La Rivers. 1942. Annals Ent. Soc. Am. There is little to be added to what is already known of this variant. It rivals costatus in size, and has been diagnostically delineated in the preceding discussions. However, one of the California Academy specimens shows considerable foveal ob- literation and coalescence, approaching nevadus in this detail ; all other specimens seen have possessed deep, distinct foveae resembling those of costatus. In conclusion, it may be said that tuberculatus is perhaps the most distinctive and readily-differentiated subspecies of the en- tire group, and vandykci with its partial tuberculation indicates the affinities of tuberculatus with the remainder of the costatus complex. At the present state of our knowledge of the species. costatus is a variable compounding of four recognizable entities and probably others, as yet unknown and undescribed, whose eventual appearance will undoubtedly be of aid in resolving the problem of relationships. Complete solution, however, will de- pend, in the author's opinion, on a thorough study of larval and pupal chaetotaxy. Many groups of tenebrionids show similar tendencies, particularly the ELEODIINI and CONIONTINI within the author's experience, in which the immature forms possess differential characters completely lost in the adults ; even genitalia fail miserably in attempts to analyse satisfactorily the differ- ences between many adults of Elcodcs and Coniontis, and the Trogloderi, like certain other ELEODIINI, have a generalized type of genital construction which possesses no adequate specific diagnostic characters. REFERENCES BLAISDELL, FRANK E., SK. 1909. A Monographic Revision of the Coleoptera Belonging to the Tenebrionide Tribe Elcodiini Inhabit- ing the United States, Lower California, and Adjacent Islands; U. S. N. M. Bulletin. 63: 29, 483-492, pi. 6. figs. 7. 14. LA RIVERS, IRA. 1942. A New Troglodcnis from Nevada. With a Key to the Known Species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) : Annals Ent. Soc. Am., 4/35 : 435-440. 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 — . 1943. A List of the Elcodcs of Nevada, with the Description of a New Subspecies (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ; P. C. Jour. Ent. & Zool.. 4/35: 53-61, 1 fig. LE CONTE, JOHN L. 1879. New North American Coleoptera; North American Entomologist, p. 3, pi. 1. fig. 3. LE CONTE, JOHN L., and HORN, GEORGE. 1883. Classification of the Coleoptera of North America ; Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions 507 : 374. Texas Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera: Papilionoidea) By DON B. STALLINGS and J. R. TURNER, Caldwell, Kansas When H. A. Freeman moved to Pharr, Texas in 1944, he immediately began to make some remarkable catches of butter- flies in that vicinity.* From the butterflies caught at Pharr and the surrounding territory we are of the opinion that this area of the Rio Grande Valley is in the Tropical Zone (the same as Southern Florida) rather than in the Lower Austral Zone. Late life zone maps of North America do not indicate this area to be tropical ; however, the life zone map by C. Hart Merriam corrected to Dec. 1897 as published in Bulletin No. 10, U. S. Dept. of Agric., Division of Biological Survey, 1898, shows this area to be tropical. There are other indications which tend to prove this to be true. Mr. Freeman's interests are chiefly with the skippers (Hes- perioidea) and hence he has passed on to us for determination most of the other Rhopalocera. In addition he has contacted several other collectors in the vicinity, all of whom have been most generous with their finest specimens. In as much as a number of these represent new records for the LTnited States, some of which are native, we asked Dr. Wm. P. Comstock of the American Museum of Natural History to check our de- terminations. We wish to give our thanks for his valuable assistance. Since many collectors will want references to these new records we have given some data on the literature. To save space we will refer to "Macro-Lepidoptera of the World," * See also Ent. News, vol. LVI, No. 1, p. 4, and Ent. News, vol. LVI, No. 4, p. 102. Ivii, '46 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NKXVS 45 Vol. 5, edited by Seitz, simply as "Seitz," and "Biologia Cen- trali Americana" (Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera), by Godman and Salvin as G. & S. The following list is by no means complete, but includes only the more interesting and unusual catches. Papilio polydamus L. A number of specimens were collected at Pharr in July. September and October. It can be con- sidered native. Papilio ornythion Bdv. Thus far only a few specimens have been collected by Mr. Freeman during September, but this species should be native to the area. Paf>ilio anchisiadcs idaens Fabr. Freeman collected two specimens on May 12th. 1945, at Pharr. Seitz gives the food plant of this species as "Citrus," so we see no reason why this should not be native in southern Texas. Antcos macrnla Fabr. A single specimen of this large species was collected in August and a number of other specimens seen. It appears to be native. Phoebis philae form obsolcta Niep. One specimen of this form was collected in August. The species should be native in this region. Enrema daira Godt. ( ?). A female albino of this species was collected in October by Freeman. Until other specimens are collected we will not know for sure whether it is of the typical race daira or race lydia Felder, although we are inclined to think it is daira. In any event this specimen can be referred to as form pallid ula Klots as this name should be sufficient for all albinos of this species. Enrcma protcrpia Fabr. Flies in good numbers in Septem- ber and into October. Enrcma protcrpia f. hiem. ynndlachia Poey. This winter form begins to appear in October. Enrcma nisc pcrimcdc Pritt. This race appears to be com- mon at Pharr. showing a distinct summer and winter form. The best collecting period is in September and October. Appias drnsilla Cramer. This species until of late has gone under the name of Appias ilairc Godt. It is native in this area, collected during August. September and October. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 Ascia josephina joscplia S. & G. This race was collected in September and October. Undoubtedly native. Danaus cresnuus montczmna Talbot. A series of this race was collected by Freeman at Pharr during September and October. Dr. Comstock advises us that the A. M. N. H. has a series collected at Brownsville, Texas, in December which are considerably smaller than the specimens collected by Free- man. It is probable that this race shows seasonal variation. See Talbot, "Revisional Notes on the Genus Danaus Kluk" (Lep. Rhop. Danaidae), Trans. Royal Ent. Soc.. London. 93: 115-148. Native in southern Texas. Heliconius petiveranus Doubleday. This beautiful specimen was collected in August at Pharr by Mrs. J. A. Cook and repre- sents a fine new record for the United States. The species is well depicted on plate 78b Seitz under the name petiverana D. & H. This must be considered a stray in the United States. Dryas Julia modcrata Stich. This distinctive race is native to the area and is collected during August and September. Enptoicta Jicgcsia hoffmanni Comstock. This newly de- scribed race is native and is in full flight in September. For original description see Comstock, "Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands," vol. XII, part 4, page 446, note 1. Melitaca thcona thckla Edw. This race is native to the area, being collected in October, March and April. Melitaca clada callina Bdv. Another native collected during October. Chlosync janais Dm. A native species collected during October. Chlos\nc cndcis G. & S. A native species collected during October. Chlos\nc htciilia calijornica Wright. Several specimens of lacinia caught at Pharr in October can not be distinguished from California specimens of calijornica, hence at best calijornica is not more than a race of lacina, though at Pharr it occurs as a form. Biblis hypcria aganisa Bdv. A single specimen was collected by Mrs. E. J. Kelso in July at Pharr. This represents another fine new record for the United States. This race has previ- Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 ously gone under the name of Didonis biblis aganisa Bclv. For picture see Seitz, Plate 94f. See also, Comstock, "Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands," page 460. A second speci- men was seen by Freeman in February in an orange grove, but for the time being we must consider this as a stray. Anartia jatrophac Intcipicta Fruhst. A native, best flight in September and October. . I mirtiu jiitiuia Fabr. Common during March and April. Victorina stelenes biplagiata Fruhst. In flight during Au- gust. It should be native. Victorina stelenes biplagiata f. pallida Fruhst. This winter form flies during December and January. Myscclia ctlnisa Bclv. Probably a native. Flies in October and December. C \clogramma astcria (G. & S.). One specimen collected by D. Ring at Almo. Texas, in July. This is a further new record for the United States, but must be considered a stray. The species is well pictured in G. & S.. plate 108. figs. 31-32. Tinictcs cliiron Fabr. A single stray was collected in Feb- ruary. Athena petrens Cram. A single stray was collected in Feb- ruary. Adelpha jcssonia Hew. Freeman collected a specimen in August, a second specimen in October and a third in November. There is a chance that this species may be native as the speci- mens are in good condition. For pictures, see Seitz, plate 109c and G. & S. plate 29, figs. 18-19. Chlorippe pavon Latreille. Mrs. Freeman had the good for- tune to capture the first specimen of this new record for the United States in October. A second specimen was caught in May. These specimens do not look like the figure shown in Seitz on plate HOBc but are very similar to lanre Dru. pic- tured at llOBe. Probably a stray in the United States. Anaea glycerin in Doubleday. A single specimen was col- lected by Mrs. E. J. Kelso in July at Pharr. This species is shown in Seitz at plate 118c. We would judge that the speci- mens shown in Seitz represent the winter form as they are 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL XFAYS | Feb.. '46 darker and more heavily marked than the Pharr specimen. This is another new record for the United States. Anaca pitliynsa Feld. Several specimens (all badly worn) have been caught at Pharr. For picture, see Seitz, plate 118f. One specimen of the winter form of this species was caught at Pharr on March 2nd, 1945. It looks a great deal like Anaca cnbacna Bsd. as shown by Seitz on plate 118f. We are in- clined to treat cnbacna as the winter form of pith\itsa how- ever. Dr. Comstock is not so sure of this. In any event pithynsa has a winter form that looks just like cnbacna, as pictured by Seitz. Apodemia u'alkcri Godm. Native to the region with main flight in October. Eincsis cincsia Hewitson. Mr. Freeman collected a good series of this new record for the United States in October and November at Pharr. This species has a well developed bulge on the costa of the forewing. See "Exotic Butterflies." Hewit- son, vol. 4, plate 45, fig. 7. Lasaia scssilis Schauss. There has been some confusion about this genus and its occurrence in the United States. This particular species is often confused with Lasaia agcsilas narscs Stand, both of which are supposed to be native in Texas, al- though Freeman has not as yet caught narscs. Scssilis un- doubtedly is the species that Holland was speaking about in his "Butterfly Book" when he mentioned Lasaia sula Stand, at page 216. Mr. Freeman sent these specimens to us identified as narscs. The Stallings-Turner Collection had a series of speci- mens caught at Victoria, Mexico, which we had identified as scssilis. Seeing that the specimens we had received from Free- man did not correspond to Holland's picture of narscs or to our Mexico scssilis we decided that the Texas specimens were probably the sula mentioned by Holland. The whole mess was passed on to Dr. Comstock who determined the Texas speci- mens as scssilis and our Mexican specimens as sula. It might be well to mention that our Mexican specimens agree with the Seitz figure of scssilis, much better than do the Texas speci- mens. Dr. Comstock remarks that the genus is variable and a big series would be needed for study. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49 Tlicclu hurjocliii Godart. Another ne\v record for the United States collected by Freeman in October and May at Pharr. It is a native of the area. This species has usually gone under the name of Tlicclu thins Hbn. For figures see Seitz. plate 145i, k; Geyer. "Zutrage Sammlung Exotische Schmetterlinge," plate 619 (128). figs. 743-744; Hewitson. "Diurnal Lepidop- tera," vol. 2. plate 58. figs. 369-370. See also Comstock and Huntington. "Lycaenidae of the Antilles." Annals of N. Y. Acad. of Sciences, vol. XLV, art. 2. page 88. Strvinon siiiiacthis Dru. This species is also native to the area and is collected in October. Strvinon coluuiclla istapa Reak. Appears to be common in January, February, March. April, May, September and October. Strvinon laccyi (B. & M.). One female was collected by Freeman in October. This is one of the least known species in North America. So far as we know the type and this specimen are the only specimens known. We have compared this speci- men with the pictures of the type and find them alike although the Freeman specimen represents the winter form, being some- what darker. The type, also a female, was caught at Del Rio, Texas. July 9th. We join with Comstock and Huntington in considering this a good species, although the fact that no males have been caught does suggest the possibility that we may be dealing with a rare female form of some other species. Str^mon clvtic Edw. This species which is still rare in most private collections is collected during August, September. De- cember. April, May. June and July. Strvinon azia Hew. This tiny hairstreak is native to the area although nowhere common. Collected in April and May. Mitoura .vtnni Reak. A series of this native was collected in October. While this paper is factual it does have some of the charac- ters of a fish story, so it will not be amiss to mention the "one that got away." March 25th. 1945. Mr. Freeman wrote us. "I am still cussing for something I missed this afternoon. Today I chased a Morpho and finally lost it in the maze of jungle. It was orange beneath and very shiny blue above." 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 Dragonflies (Odonata) Collected in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in 1945. By GEORGE H. BEATTY, III, Merion, Pennsylvania (Continued from page 10} In the following list of species, full data are given for all captures of species which may be of interest. Briefer data are supplied for the better known species for which extensive infor- mation on their distribution, etc., is already available. Locality names refer to the preceding list of collecting stations. The location of localities other than those visited by the writer is noted briefly as they occur in the list of species. These supple- mentary records are indicated by the collector's name which fol- lows them in parentheses. The order of species and, but for a few changes resulting from more recent knowledge, the nomen- clature are based upon those of Needham and Heywood.'5 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES ' Progomphus obscurus Rambur. NEW JERSEY : Whitesbog, 2J, 24 June ; 4 J1. 1 $. 8 luly ; 1 c?, 22 July. This species was found only along the larger drainage ditches of the cranberry bogs where it squatted in characteristic fashion on the little sand bars and beaches. It was most abundant on 8 July when nearly every suitable spot had an ohscnnts squatting on it. Hagenius brevistylus Selys. NEW JERSEY: Fisher's Dam, 1 5- 21 August. The female was captured when it alighted on the sandy shore of the lower lake, near the outlet. Other females of Hat/cnins were ovipositing in the small streams at the outlet on 21 and 28 August, though none of this species was seen on 31 August or 4 September. When not flying over the water, they usually perched on high dead branches near the stream. On such a 0 A Handbook of the Dragonflies of Nortli America. Charles C. Thomas. Springfield, 111., 1929. Pp. viii + 378, ill. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51 perch, one Hagenius was found on 28 August, eating a Lib ell nl a incesta. Gomphus lividus Selys. PENNSYLVANIA : Wyola, 1 d\ 1 ?, 17 May ; 1 J, 25 May ; 1 <$, 29 May ; 1 ?, 6 June ; Broomall. 1 <•?. 1 $. 22 May ; 1 <$, 25 May ; 2 $, 29 May ; Darby Creek, 1 <$, 6 June. Gomphus exilis Selys. PENNSYLVANIA : Central Square, 4 <$, 7 $, 22-29 May. NEW JERSEY : Whitesbog, 1 $. 29 April ; 1 J\ 20 May : Upton Ponds, 1 ?, 24 June ; 1 . 13 Sept. ; 3 . 26 April ; 2 J1, 1 ?, 17 May ; 1 $. 22 May ; 1 J1. 25 May. Epicordulia princeps Selys. PENNSYLVANIA: Seen at Spring Creek. 18 June. Westtown Lake. 1 J1. 23 June (J. Gillespie). Tetragoneuria cynosura Say. PENNSYLVANIA: Central Square. Wyola, Broomall, 22 May- 6 June. NEW JERSEY: Upton, 1 <$, 29 April. Tetragoneuria semiaquea Burmeister.7 NEW JERSEY: Upton. 3 J. 29 Apr.; 2 J\ 1 £. 13 May; 7^, 4 ?, 20 May. T. sciniaqttca was abundant and easily collected at this local- ity. The writer believes that this form is specifically distinct from T. cynosura. Wing coloration, size and color of abdomi- 7 This is scininqiica as defined by Muttkcnvski [Bull. \Yisc. Nat. Hist. Soc., 9 (3) : 118-122, July, 1911]. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS nal spots, width of abdomen, and general size all set it apart from c \nosi i ni, though no structural differences are apparent. Somatochlora tenebrosa Say. PENNSYLVANIA: Broomall. 1 J1. 1$, 16 [uly: 2^, 1$, 23 July ; 1 . Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — Beaumont, J. de. — Systematique et crois- sance dysharmonique. [14 1 19: 45-52. Bornebusch, C. H. —Animal life in relation to vegetation and soil. |7| 23: Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59 240-254. Brues, C. T— Future of Entomology. [90| 80: 19-21, 1946. Hayes, W. P. — Taxonomic type names and identification terms used for immature insects. [19| 40: 123-127. Poisson & Patay. — A propos de la destruction des insects parasites par des matieres "inertes." |5| 17: 37^40. Wilson, G. F. — Insects pests of Cotoneaster horizontalis. [12] 70: 271-275, ill., 1945. (Hemiptera & Lepidoptera.) ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Anthon, H. —Structure of the head of dipterous larvae : Olbiogaster sp. (Rhyphidae). [7] 23: 303-320. Bolwig, N.— Vitamin E on larvae of honey bee. [7] 22: 295-298. Christensen, P. — Serosa and amnion of Lepidoptera. [7] 23: 204-223. Faester, K. — Biological observations on Crabro planifrons Thorns. (Fam. Sphegidae). [7] 24: 97-114. Haarlov, N. — Chaetotaxis of tarsus 1 in some Merostigmata. [7] 23: 273-294. Kettlewell, H. B. D.— Female assembling scents. [9] 89: 8-14. Krogh, A. — Some experiments on the osmo- regulation and respiration of Eristalis larvae. | 7 | 23 : 49- 65. Larsen, E. B. — Importance of master factors for activ- ity of Noctuids. [7] 23: 352-374. Lemche, H.— On gen- etics of Ephestia Kuhniella Zell. (Lep. Pyral.). [7] 23: 37-48; 24: 127-157. Mohr & Mossige. — Cytogenetic analy- sis of the spontaneous 3rd. Chromosome deficiency vein in Drosophila melanogaster. [18] 1942 : 7 : 1-51, ill. Nielsen, S. — Biology of Cicindela campestris L. [7] 24: 170-174. Nielsen, E. T. — X-ray observations on the passage of food in Orthoptera. [7] 23: 255-272. Norgaard, E.— Feeding habits of Linyphia (Aran.). [7] 23: 82-100. Salt & Sea- mans. — Experimental starvation of larvae of pale western cut-worm. Agrotis orthogonia Morr. [4] 77: 150-155. Silvestri, F. — Intercastes of Syntermes grandis (Rambur) caused by a protozoan. [Acta] 9: 77-89 (S). Wesenberg- Lund, C.— On Biology of Chironomidae. [7] 23: 179-203. Wolff, N. L. — Asymmetrical Lepidoptera: somatic mosaics. [7] 23:443-456. ARACHNIDA & MYRIOPODA— Haarlov, N.— (See Anat.. etc.) Lees, A. D. — Water balance in Ixodes ricinus L. and certain other species of ticks. [116] 37: 1-20, 1946. Lewis, E. A. — Nairobi sheep disease: The survival of the virus in the tick Rhipocephalus appendiculatus. |116] 37: 55-59. Lewis, Piercy & Wiley. — Rhipicephalus neavei \\arburton. 1912, as a vector of East Coast Fever. [116| 37: 60-64. Milne, A. — Ecology of the sheep tick, Txodes ricinus L. Distribution of the tick on hill pasture. 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 |116| 37: 75-81. Norgaard, E.— (See Anat., etc.) Rad- ford, C. D. — Notes on Trombicula deliensis Walsh, 1923 ( Acarina ; Trombidiidae) with description of the adult. 1 116] 37: 42-45, ill. Smith, C. N.— Biology and control of the American dog tick. [U.S.D.A. Tech. 'Bull. 905] 1-74. ill.. 1946. SMALLER ORDERS— Carriker, M. A., Jr.— Studies in Neotropical Mallophaga VII. Goniodes and allied genera from Gallinaceous hosts. [17] 6: 355-399. ill.. 1945 (*). Gisin, H. — Material for revision of the Collembola. ( 14] 19: 121-156 (*). Hopkins, G. H. E.— On Harrisoniella (Mallophaga) with special reference to the genotype. [9] 89: 4-7. Needham, J. G.— Dragonflies of S.W.' Florida. | 19 1 40: 104-110. Santos, N. D. do. — Ypirangathemis cal- verti. n.g. and n.s. (Odonata). | 105] 16: 457-462 (S). Scheinert, C. A. — Silverfish. rayon enthusiast. [15] 39: 149. ill. Silvestri, F. — New conception of castes in correla- tion to state of colony, and two new species of Syntermes. |3| 6: 1-16 (S). Silvestri, F.— (See Anat.. etc.') Wahl- gren, E. — Gall-making Thysanoptera. [16| 10: 119-126. HEMIPTERA — Carayon, J. — Les elements bacilliformes secretes par les glandes genitales annex de certains Hemip- teres. [6] 70: 11-14, 1945. DeLong, D. M.— The genus Tinobregmus (Homoptera-Cicadellidae) in Mexico. [19] 40: 97-102 (*). Fisher, K. J. — Two species of Colias mi- grating in central U. S. A. 1 107] 20: 107-109. Gorham, R. P. — Use of flight traps in the study of aphid movement. |1| 2: 106-111. 1946. Poisson, R.— Contribution a 1'etude des Gerris de France et de 1'Afrique du Nord (Hemipteres: Gcrridae). [5] 17: 140-173, ill.. 1940 (*k). Poisson, R.- Sur la biologic de Myzoides (Myzus) per sicae (Sulz) . . . a propos des plantes notes secondaires de cet Aphidien. | 5] 18: 18-20. 1941. Poisson, R.— Sur quelques Hemipteres aquatiques des collections du Musee Royal d'histoire Natu- relle de Belgique. [5] 17: 54-71. ill., 1940 (*). Richter, L. -Membracidae Colombianae. [17| 6: 339-354. ill. (*). Usinger, R. L. — Review of genus Saldoida with new rec- ords for Georgia and Virginia. 1 19] 40: 116-118 (k). Wygodzinsky, P. — On genus Metapterus Costa, 1860. with notes on other neotropical Emesinae. [105] 16: 462-470 (*)• LEPIDOPTERA— Christensen, P.— (See Anat., etc.) Gardner, J. C. M. — Immature stages of Indian Lepidoptera (Cossidae, Indarbelidae). [ 1 1 ] 45 : 390-396. Larsen, E. B. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61 -(See Anat.. etc.) Lemche, H. — (See Anat., etc.) Mc- Dunnough, J. — New North American Eupithecias (Lepid., Geometridae). [4] 77: 168-176. McDunnough, J. — North American Coleophorids. [4] 77: 145-150 (*). Smith, C. C. — Notes on the birch shoot borer, Epinotia solicitana Walker (Olethrentidae : Lepidoptera). [1] 2: 114-121. ill. Wolff, N. L.— (See Anat., etc.) DIPTERA— Alexander, C. P. — Notes on tropical Ameri- can species of Tipula Linn. [105] 16: 330-356; 415-440 (*). Alexander, C. P. — Records and descriptions of Tipu- liclae from tropical America VI. [105] 16: 373-393 (*). Alexander, C. P. — New or little known Tipulidae LXXIV. Neotropical species. [75] 12: 390-419. Alexander, C. P. —New nearctic craneflies. [4] 77: 140-144. Anthon, H.— (See Anat., etc.) Bequaert, J. — Dr. L. Vargas on Ameri- can black-flies — a review with critical notes. [19] 40: 111- 115. Bohart & Ingram. — Four new species of mosquitoes from Okinawa (Diptera: Culicidae). [91] 36: 46-52. ill. Bromley, S. W. — Bee-killing- Asilidae of the southeastern states. ' [10] 48: 16-17. Harmon & Knowlton. — Three new western Dolichopodidae. |4| 77: 137-139. Henrik- sen, K. L. — Two South American warble-flies, parasites of rodents. [7] 22: 284-289. Krogh, A.— (See Anat.. etc.) Kryger, J. P. — The Chalcid subfamily Eunotinae. |7| 23: 66-81. Lane, J.— New species of Dixa. [105)16:444-446 (S). Lane, J. — Redescription of Ceratopogonidae. |105] 16: 356-372 (S). Lopes, H. de S. — Two neotropical Sarco- phagidae of the British Museum. [105] 16: 450-456 (*). Steyskal, G. — Pseudacteon onyx n.s., a Phorid attacking ants. | 114[ 489 (k*). Wesenberg-Lund, C.— (See Anat.. etc.) Wishart, G. — Aplomya caesar (Aldrich). a tachinid parasite of the European corn borer. [4| 77: 157-167. ORTHOPTERA— Nielsen, E. T— (See Anat.. etc.) Rehn & Rehn. — A contribution to our knowledge of the Eumastacidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) of Africa and Madagascar. Part 1. [41] 97: 179-248, ill.. 1945 (*). COLEOPTERA— Barber, H. S.— Note on Ceratoma and Andrector (Col., Chrysom.). [19| 40: 121-122. Bondar, G.— Entomological notes XVI." |105| 16: 315-329 (S*). Bridwell, J. C. — Genera of beetles of the family Bruchidae in America north of Mexico. [91] 36: 52-57 (k). Dietrich, H.— Elateridae of New York State. 1 13] 269: 3-79. ill.. 1945, (k). Guerin, J. — Ne\v Clytridae (Col.) from Argen- tina. | 105 1 16: 447-449. Hoeg, Niels. — On systematic* 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '46 of Aleoeharini. [7] 24: 264-286. Jeannel, Dr. R. — Sur une modification insolite de 1'organe Copulateur male de certain Coleoptera. [6] 70: 8-1 1, ill.. 1945. Liljeblad, E.— Mono- graph of Mordelliclae of N. A. north of Mexico. [20] 62 (k*). Loding, H. P. — Catalogue of beetles of Alabama. [Geol. Sur. Alabama Monog. 11] 7-172, 1945. Maria, H. A. — Miscelanea entomologica y catalogo sistematico, sino- nimico y geografico de los insectos del genero "Carabus.'' 1 17] 6:" 322-327. ill.. 1945. Nielsen, S.— (See Anat., etc.) Poisson, R. — Sur une invasion de Cassides (Coleoptere: Cassididae) dans des Champs de betteraves en Ille-et- Vilaine. [5] 18: 29-32, 1941. Poisson, R. — A propos d'une invasion de Lema (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) sur des cereales dans le departement de la Mayenne. [5] 18: 21- 25. Poisson, R. — Sur la presence en Bretagne du Lyctus (Xylotrogus) brunneus Stepli. (Coleoptere: Lyctidae). | 5]" 17: 21-28, ill. Saylor, L. W.— A new Melolonthine genus, Ulata. from Argentina. [105] 16: 441-444 (*). Saylor, L. W. — Synoptic revision of the U. S. Scarab beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae No. 3: Tribe Oryctini (Part). [91] 36: 41-45, 'ill. \k). Saylor, L. W.— Revision of genus Athlia (Scarab.. Melolonthinae). [10] 48: 18-25 (k*). HYMENOPTERA— Barbotin, F— Sur les Cynipides gallicoles (Hymenopteres) du departement d'llle-et-Vilaine. [5] 18: 42-50. 1941. Bolwig, N.— (See Anat., etc.) Faester, K. — (See Anat., etc.) Holgersen, H. — Ant stud- ies in Rogaland (S.W. Norway). [2] 7: 1-75. 1943. Moure, J. — Apoidea of the collection of Conde Barbiellini. [105] 16: 394-414 (kS*). Moure, J.— On Epicharitina (Hym. Apoidea). [105] 16: 293-314 (S*). Richards, O. W. — Revision of the genus Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). [36] 95': 295-462. ill.. 1945 (*k). Weber, N. A. — Two common ponerine ants of pos- sible economic significance. [10] 48: 1—15. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Acadian Naturalist. 2. — Avhandl. Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi. 3. — Boll, del Lab. di Ent. Agraria di Portici, Naples. 4. — Canadian Entomologist. 5. — Bull. Soc. Sci. de Bretagne. 6. — Bull. Soc. Zool. de France. 7. — Entomologiske Medelelser. 9. — Entomologist. 10. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 11. — Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 12.— Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc. 13.— Mem. Agric. Exp. Sta.. Cornell L'. 14. — Mitteilungen der Ivii, '46 1 I:\TOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63 schweiz. ent. Gesellschaft. 15. — Xature. Washington. 16. — Opuscula Entomologica. 17. — Rev. de la Acacl. Colom- biana. 18. — Skrifter Utgitt av Dot Xorske Viedenskaps- Akademi. 19.— Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 20.— Univ. Mich. misc. publ. Mas. Zool. 36. — Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 41.— Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. IMiila. 75.— Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 90. — American Xat. 91. — Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 105.— Rev. Entomol. R. d. Janeiro. 107.— Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., A. 114.— Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. L'niv. Mich. 116.- Parasitology, London. Review THE ADELID MOTHS OF SOUTH AFRICA. THE MOTHS OF SOUTH AFRICA. Vol. IV. Part 2. By A. J. T. Janse. I suppose most lepidopterists can recall their surprise when they first caught an adelid, one of those minute delicate things with excessively long antennae. Dr. Janse remarks on their strong resemblance to the trichopterids of the family Lepto- ceridae and speculates on a possible caddis-fly ancestry for them, perhaps more direct than in any other group of Frenatae. The maxillary palpi and the male genitalia tend to support this idea. About 250 species are described from all over the world, and of these 68 are recorded from South Africa. The genus Adela has only two recorded South African species, but Ccroinitia has the great majority of its species in that region. Janse divides Ccroinitia into three groups, based primarily on the male geni- talia. He says : "It is doubtful whether one can consider these three groups as true genera, so I here treat them as subgenera, writing, for example, Agisana tnrpis, instead of Ccroinitia (Agi- sana) titrpis. Of the S. African Adelidae, two were described by Walker, two by Zeller. four by Walsingham, one by Stainton, 34 by Mc-yrick and 25 now by Janse. As in all Janse's work, the descriptions are excellent and the drawings of structures are exquisite, while the various moths are illustrated by enlarged photographs. Although this book is on the African fauna it should be in the hands of all lepidopterists, who will learn much from it. — T. D. A. COCKERELL. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted — Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, 3% and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both imagos and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frixzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tripulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. I want to collect Pennsylvania insects from York and Adam.s ( <>. E. W. Mange, 307 W. Walnut St., Hanover, Pa. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S\ A. Insects Studied Microscopically AT EVERY ANGLE with this Completely Adjustable Holder Available Now for Immediate Shipment at NUSHAWG Biological Supply, Inc. Here's a sturdy, PRACTICAL insect holder for ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED microscopic obser- vation. Simply thrust pinned insect into cork "well" until it is in line with axis of curved arm, then turning knurled knobs you will secure com- plete dorsal and ventral coverage with the insect in constant focus. Once adjusted, insect's position re- mains fixed, due to split-shaft con- struction. Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. R. de la Torre-Bueno • STAYS IN ANY POSITION • RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DIV. MARCH 1946 u>s. WA-CL. *», Vol. LVII No. 3 CONTENTS Alexander — Undescribed crane-flies, Part V 65 Carpenter — Tick collections 71 Beatty— Dragonflies in Pennsylvania and New Jersey (cont.) 76 Rapp — Translation of introduction to Meigen, 1800 81 Personal 86 Entomological Literature 86 Review — Insect dietary 91 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS-, LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic: S3. 30 foreign: $3.15 Canada. Entered a- .-ei Mid-das- matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster. 1'a . under tht Acl of March ?, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rale of po-iat-e prescribed fnr in Se: linn 1. Act of October 3, 1917. authorized January 15. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. Editorial Staff: E. T. CRESSON, JEL, E. J. F. MARX, J. A. G. REHN, A. G. RICHARDS, JR., and R. G. SCHMIEDER. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers : Domestic, $3.00 ; Foreign, $3.30; Canada, $3.15— U. S. Currency. SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISEMENTS: All communications and remittances to be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. 1 Inch 2 Inches 3 Inches 6 Inches One Issue $1.00 $ 1.90 $ 2.75 $ 4.80 Five Issues 4.50 8.50 12.00 21.00 Ten Issues 8.00 15.00 21.00 36.00 MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be ad- dressed to R. G. Schmieder, Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4, Pa. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. If not accepted, authors will be so advised and postage requested for return of manuscripts. 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Authors wishing more than the 25 separates must so advise the Editor or the printer. See bottom of this page. The Editor requests that authors state the number of separates desired in a letter accompanying their manu- script. SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages. 25 copies. $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies. $400; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies. $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each Plates, printed on one side: first 50. $2.00; additionals at IV: cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS. INC., Lancaster, Pa ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII MARCH, 1946 Xo. , Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Western United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part V By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Massachusetts In the present article I wish to describe three new species of the vast genus Tif>ula from the Rocky Mountain and Pacific states and provinces. Except where indicated to the contrary in the text, the types of the novelties are preserved in my per- sonal collection of world Tipulidae. I am very much indebted to Messrs. Hallahan, Leech, Melander and Michener for their kindly interest in saving these flies. Tipula (Yamatotipula) jacintoensis n. sp. J1. Length about 10 mm.; wing 9-9.5 mm.; antenna about 2 mm. 9- Length about 12-14 mm.; wing 10-11 mm. Closest of land in the small size and darkened wings, differ- ing especially in the highly contrasted yellow and black pattern of the thorax and abdomen. Thorax black, variegated with light yellow, including the pronotal scutellum. pretergites. dorsopleural membrane, median region of scutum, parascutella and the broad posterior portions of the scutal lobes ; cephalic two-thirds of mediotergite and the entire anapleurotergite similarly brightened. Pleura dark brown, the pteropleurite and metapleurite light yellow. Legs yellow, the femoral tips narrowly blackened, on the posterior legs including the outer sixth or seventh. Abdomen black, the broad posterior and lateral borders of the tergites. and less evidently of the sternites, bright yellow. Male hypopygium with the median tergal lobe low and broad, without lateral shoulders as in spcrna.v. (65) O» •• 31 t6 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '46 Holotypc: J1, San Jacinto Mountains, CALIFORNIA, Tahquitz Valley, altitude 8,000 feet, June 3, 1940 (C. D. Michcncr). Allotopotypc: $; pinned with type. Paratopotype: J1; para- types: 1 d\ 1 $, Round Valley, altitude 8,800 feet, June 14, 1940 (C. D. Michener). Further collections and study may show that this fly is a race of the northern Tipula (Yaiuatotipnla) land Alexander (Mount Hood. Oregon). Tipula (Oreomyza) shoshone n. sp. Allied to pseudotruncorum; antennae black, the apex of pedicel restrictedly yellow ; mesonotal praescutum gray, with five dark brown stripes, the median one capillary ; male hypo- pygium with the ninth tergite having a narrow rectangular median notch, the broad lateral lobes produced into a small tooth ; margin of lobes with microscopic denticles ; outer disti- style gradually narrowed outwardly ; inner dististyle long and narrow, with both the beak and lower beak united into a single blackened structure ; outer basal lobe entirely pale. J\ Length about 13.5-14 mm.; wing 14.5-15.5 mm.; an- tenna about 2.9-3 mm. Frontal prolongation of head uniformly gray ; nasus small ; palpi brownish black. Antennae black ; scape elongate, gray pruinose ; apex of pedicel restrictedly obscure yellow ; flagellar segments short-cylindrical, with poorly indicated basal enlarge- ments ; verticils long and conspicuous, much exceeding the seg- ments in length. Head gray ; vertex with a brown median stripe. Pronotum gray, with three small brown spots. Mesonotal praescutum gray, conspicuously patterned with dark brown, including five stripes, the sublateral pair broadest ; intermediate stripes at anterior end with a narrower backward extension that passes through the pseudosutural foveae and almost reaches the suture behind ; fifth stripe a capillary median line ; posterior sclerites of notum gray, each scutal lobe with two disconnected dark brown areas ; a slightly paler brown median stripe, begin- ning at the suture, extending almost to the abdomen, narrowly interrupted at the posterior end ; parascutella dark. Pleura and Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67 pleurotergite light gray, restrictedly patterned with somewhat darker gray ; dorsopleural region huffy yellow ; propleura yel- low, variegated with small hrown spots. Halteres yellow, knob brownish black. Legs with the coxae and trochanters gray ; remainder of legs hlack, the femoral bases broadly yellow, more extensive on the fore legs where nearly the proximal third is included, on posterior femora with nearly the basal fifth bright- ened: claws (male) delicately setuliferous. with a small sub- basal tooth. Wings cream-yellow, variegated with pale brown and darker brown areas, the latter most evident at the stigma and as an arcular darkening ; the paler brown clouds cover much of the remainder of wing, interspersed with pale ground areas ; post-stigmal pale band broadest, especially developed in the holotype, more restricted in the paratype. Venation: Rl+~ pre- served. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the more basal segments light gray pruinose on sides ; at about tergite five and on the succeeding segments, the caudal borders of the tergites narrowly yellow; lateral tergal borders broadly yellow; sternites gray, narrowly darkened medially and sublaterally ; subterminal ster- nites with broad areas on either side of midline ; hypopygium relatively large, dark brownish gray, more or less variegated with yellow. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite broad, transverse, narrowed posteriorly, the caudal border with a nar- row rectangular median notch; behind the notch with a dorsal furrow that is provided with numerous microscopic setulae from small tubercles ; lateral tergal lobes broad, the outer lateral angle produced into a small tooth ; margins of lobes with additional microscopic denticles. Appendage of ninth sternite dilated at base, the outer pendulous portion bearing several long yellow setae, those at apex subequal in length to the outer lobe of the appendage. Basistyle entire, unproduced. Outer dististyle relatively long and narrow, broadest subbasally. very gradually narrowed to the obtuse tips. Inner dististyle long and narrow, the beak blackened, narrowly obtuse ; lower beak apparently lacking and evidently fused with the beak ; outer basal lobe en- tirely pale, one face covered with abundant setulae and with a submarginal fringe of longer setae ; upper apical angle narrowed into a small glabrous point. Gonapophysis appearing as a flat- 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Alar., '46 tened dark-colored blade, broadly obtuse at apex. Eighth sternite at apex bearing two low hemispherical lobes that are provided with unusually long yellow setae, the lobes separated from the sclerite by pale membrane. Holotypc: J1; Adna. Lewis County, WASHINGTON, July 10, 1917 (Melander) ; in Melander Collection. Paratypc: J*; Steel- head, BRITISH COLUMBIA, May 21, 1933 (H. B. Leech). Although allied to Tipula (Orcomyza} pscndotruncornni Alexander, likewise from the Pacific and Rocky Mountain northwestern states and provinces, the present fly is well-dis- tinguished by the details of structure of the male hypopygium, particularly of the tergite and both dististyles. The hypopygial details of pscitdotruncoritin have been described and figured by the writer in another report (Amer. Midi. Nat., 33: 410; 1945). The present fly is evidently the species described and figured by Snodgrass (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.. 30: 211, pi. 16, figs. 132, 134; 1904) as T. (O.) tnnicontiii Meigen, of Europe. I had formerly believed that Snodgrass's description referred to pseudotruncorum (Can. Ent.. 52: 229; 1920) but evidently this is not the case. Tipula (Lunatipula) saxemontana n. sp. Size medium (wing, male, about 15 mm.) ; general colora- tion gray, the praescutum with four dark brown stripes ; femora yellow, the tips infuscated ; claws ( male ) toothed ; wings with a strong brownish tinge, the stigma darker ; conspicuous obli- terative areas before and beyond the stigma and across the cord ; abdomen orange-yellow, with a broad blackish median stripe and less conspicuous sublateral ones ; male hypopygium with the tergite conspicuously notched ; basistyle produced caudad into a long flattened blade, its tip obtuse ; inner dististyle with the outer basal lobe a large subcircular blade that is produced into two pale points ; eighth sternite sheathing, the emarginate apex fringed with abundant yellow setae. J1. Length about 13-15 mm.; wing 14-16 mm.; antenna about 4.5-5 mm. Frontal prolongation of head relatively long, nearly equal to the remainder of head, light brown, more pruinose at base; nasus exceedingly short to virtually lacking ; first segment of Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69 palpi brown, succeeding segments black. Antennae with scape and pedicel obscure yellow ; first flagellar segment obscure brownish yellow, the tips narrowly 1 thickened, remainder of organ black ; flagellar segments rather strongly incised ; longest verticils subequal in length to the segments. Head with an- terior vertex buffy, posterior vertex gray, clearer gray on pos- terior orbits, the areas delimited internally by more blackish lines ; a capillary dark brown median vitta. Pronotum gray, with three brown spots. Mesonotal praescu- tum gray, with four conspicuous dark brown stripes, the inter- mediate pair representing the lateral borders of a slightly darker gray median area, the latter in front exceeding four times the width of the brown stripes, narrowed posteriorly ; a slight dark- ening at the humeral region, the extreme margin of which is yellowed ; scutum gray, each lobe with two brown areas ; pos- terior sclerites of notum gray, the lateral border of the medio- tergite and the pleurotergite more yellowish gray. Pleura gray, the dorsopleural membrane light yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae light gray prui- nose ; trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs variable in color, in some, including type, with the femora yellow, the tips infuscated, more broadly so on fore legs where about the outer two-thirds is included, more narrowly darkened on the fore and middle legs; in other specimens, the femoral tips are about equally darkened on all legs, including about the outer twelfth to fifteenth ; tibiae yellowish brown, the tips narrowly blackened ; tarsi black, the basitarsi extensively yellowish brown ; claws toothed. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the stigma darker brown; pre- arcular and costal fields a trifle more yellowish brown ; con- spicuous white obliterative areas before and beyond stigma and crossing a cord at the fork of .17. the last largest; veins brown, pale in the obliterative areas. Venation: R^., entire; cell Isf M., pointed at outer end; /// oblique, a little shorter than the petiole of cell .I/,. Abdominal tergites orange-yellow, with a very broad blackish median stripe that is narrowly interrupted at the posterior borders and again at the similarly narrow yellowish gray bases of the segments; on intermediate segments a much less evident 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '46 sublateral dusky area, broadly interrupted on the posterior borders ; lateral tergal margins broadly pale, more or less prui- nose ; sternites yellow, the intermediate segments broadly dark- ened medially, the posterior borders narrowly yellow ; hypo- pygium dark chestnut red to almost blackish. Male hypopygium relatively large and conspicuous. Ninth tergite longer than broad, slightly narrowed outwardly, the posterior border con- spicuously emarginate, including a narrow median incision and broader and shallower submedian notches ; teeth adjoining the median notch acute ; outer lateral angles less evidently incised. Ninth sternite with the appendage conspicuously bilobed, in- cluding a large oval lobule provided with abundant curved setae, those at apex shorter and more dense, and a small, more basal lobule that bears very elongate setae which are decussate at the midline. Basistyle entire, the outer portion produced caudad and mesad into a conspicuous flattened blade, its tip obtuse, usually broadly so, in cases approaching subacute. Outer dististyle a dark-colored flattened blade, with abundant long pale setae. Inner dististyle with the beak very obtuse, lower beak more pointed ; dorsal crest narrow, its margin irregularly toothed : outer basal lobe very large and conspicuous, appearing a large subcircular blade, the outer portion produced into two conspicuous pale points ; surface of blade with numerous long yellow setae. Eighth sternite sheathing but not projecting be- yond the other elements of the hypopygium, the posterior border emarginate and fringed with abundant yellow setae. Holotype: ^\ Grand Tetons, at Arizona Creek. WYOMING, altitude 6,800 feet, July 2, 1941 (C. P. Alexander). Paratopo- typcs: 4 <$<$, altitude 6,790-6,800 feet, July 8, 1941 ; July 5, 1942 (C. P. Alexander) ; Paratypcs: ^, Inv-ermere. BRITISH CO- LUMBIA, August 15. 1927 (A. A. Dennys) ; JJ. Yellowstone, Tower Falls" 6.400 feet. June 23. 1941, 2 JJ; Osprey Falls, 7,000 feet. June 25, 1941 ; Northeast Entrance. 7.200 feet. June 26. 1941 (C. P. Alexander) ; Rocky Mountain National Park, COLORADO, 11.000 feet, July 24. 1941, taken above timberline, flying above dwarf willows and mountain bog birch. He tula (jlandulosa Michx. (C. P. Alexander) ; Gothic. Colorado, 10,- 000 feet, July 15. 1934 (J. D. Hallahan). Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71 This species has long been confused with Tipula (Lunatipnla) pleuracicula Alexander 1915 (arizonica Alexander, 1916; mono- chroma Dietz, 1919) and I am particularly indebted to Dr. Alan Stone for examining the types of my species, now in the United States National Museum, and thus settling the identity of this well-marked fly. The above names all pertain to a smaller yellow crane-fly that is allied to T. (L.) splendens Doane, 1901, having the basistyle of the male hypopygium produced into a much more slender stiletto-like point than in the present species. In an earlier report (Amer. Midi. Nat.. 30: 732; 1943) I had referred to the present fly as being pleuracicula and this name should be corrected to saxemontana. Tick Collections at Army Installations in the Fourth Service Command By STANLEY J. CARPENTER.' ROY W. CHAMBERLAIN - and LEONORA PEEPLES,3 Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory. Fort McPherson, Georgia Numerous collections of ticks have been made by Army per- sonnel in the seven states comprising the Fourth Service Com- mand during 1943. 1944. and 1945, and forwarded to the Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory for identifica- tion. The states included in the Fourth Service Command are Alabama. Florida. Georgia. Mississippi, North Carolina. South Carolina and Tennessee. The collections are summarized in Table 1. During 1943 to 1945. the following species were taken: Amblyomma ameri- cannin (Linnaeus), A. dissmiile Koch. A. tubcrculatum Marx, Dermdcentor albipictns Packard. D. variabilis (Say). Hacina- phy sails leporis-palustrls Packard. I. v odes ric inns scapnlaris Say, Khipicephalus sanguineus Latreille. and Ornithodorus turi- cata Duges. A total of 3.227 specimens, representing 47 locali- ties, are included. 1 Major, Sanitary Corps. Army of The United States. - 2nd Lieutenant. Sanitary Corps, Army of The United States. 3 SP-5, Medical Technician. 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar , '46 TABLE 1. Tick Collections in the Fourth Service Command, 1943-1945 (L = larva; N = nymph) Number of Specimens Collected Species and I— fy-iL-f- OT* Locality Date Source L N Adults Amblyomma americanum FLORIDA Marianna 5/15-18/44 Dragging 3d" 59 6/6-8/17/44 3 2rf 59 9/28/44 Dog 1 GEORGIA Hinesville 4/9-6/20/44 Man 2d* 59 MISSISSIPPI Biloxi March, 1945 19 Centerville 6/27/44 Man 3 Id* 149 6/27-8/15/44 Trap 788 714 4o" 79 Gloster 8/1-11/44 Man 2 Hattiesburg 3/30/44 Man 1 9 4/17/44 Cow 19 4/23/44 Man 1 9 5/15-6/10/44 Dog Id1 219 NORTH CAROLINA Fayetteville 5/10/44 2c? 1 9 3/29/44 Deer 3d* SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 5/14-6/6/44 3tf 89 Debidue Beach 5/4-6/1/44 Man 3 2. 13 May; 8^, 20 May; I j, 24 June; Whitesbog, 1 J, 1 ?, 29 June. Since e.vnsta Say and deplanata Rambur are evidently forms of the same species, these specimens from New Jersey, the tension zone of the two forms, combine the characters of both. At all manner of small ponds, ditches, and sand pits, deplanata was abundant in May. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77 Libellula julia Uhler. PENNSYLVANIA: Bear Meadows, 16 June (seen). Several dragonflies which could be identified as this species with reasonable certainty on the basis of the chalky white stripes on the dorsum of the thorax were seen flying swiftly about over the sluggish stream which flows through the meadows. Libellula luctuosa Burmeister. PENNSYLVANIA: Central Square. 1 J1, 25 May; also seen at the following : Central Square, 29 May, 6 June ; State College, 17, 19 June; Crum Creek Farm, 8 August; Central Square, 10 August ; Westtown Lake, 3 Sept. Libellula auripennis Burmeister.8 NEW JERSEY : Upton Ponds, 1 $, 29 June ; seen at Upton Ponds, 30 June, 12 August. Libellula cyanea Fabricius. NEW JERSEY : Whitesbog, 1 <$, 24 June ; seen at Whitesbog, 29 June ; Whitesbog, 4 ^, 1 , 8 July ; seen at Whitesbog, 22 July- Libellula flavida Rambur. NEW JERSEY : Whitesbog, 3 g, 1 $, 8 July ; 1 ?, 22 July. This species was seen ovipositing in very small ditches, in the cranberry bogs, which were found to be dried up on 12 August. No flavida were seen about the larger ditches. Libellula semifasciata Burmeister. PENNSYLVANIA: Wyola, 2 J\ 1$. 26 Apr.; 1$. 17 May; Broomall, 1 g, 1 , 22 'May; 1 $. 26 July; and seen at Wyola, 22, 25, 29 May ; Broomall, 25, 29 May ; Bear Meadows, 16 June. NEW JERSEY: Upton. 1 $. 29 Apr.; 1 $>, 13 May; seen at Upton. 20 May; Upton Ponds, 24, 29. 30 June, 8 July, 12 August ; Whitesbog, 24 June, 8 July. s Although the writer is reluctant to discard a name of long standing, Libellula needhami Westfall should be probably substituted for L. auri- pennis. See Westfall, M. J., Jr., Synonymy of Libellula auripennis and L. jesseana, and the description of a new species [Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 68: 17-31, 1 pi., 19431. 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '46 Libellula pulchella Drury. PENNSYLVANIA : Broomall, Penn Valley, and seen at Central Square, Wyola, State College, Bear Meadows, Spring Creek, and Cruni Creek Farm, Holmes, 6 June-21 September. NEW JERSEY : Upton Ponds, and seen at Whitesbog, Fisher's Dam, Atsion Lake, Folsom, and Lily Lake. 24 June-22 Sep- tember. Libellula quadrimaculata Linne. PENNSYLVANIA: Bear Meadows, 1 $, 16 June. Quadrimaculata was quite abundant and widely distributed in the bog area. Females were seen ovipositing in small pools in the sphagnum moss. Libellula incesta Hagen. NEW JERSEY: Upton. 1 J\ 30 June; Fisher's Dam. 2 J1. 21 Aug. : 3 c?, 1 $. 28 Aug. ; 1 J\ 31 Aug. ; 1 J1, 4 Sept. ; Batsto Pond, 1 J\ 7 Sept.; and seen at Pond near Fisher's Dam, 31 Aug., 4, 7 Sept.; Branch of Friendship Creek. 31 Aug., 4 Sept.; Batsto Pond. 5 Sept., and Whitesbog, 24 June, 8 July. Libellula vibrans Fabricius. PENNSYLVANIA: Glenolden, Delaware Cy., 1 $. 31 Aug. (J. Gillespie). Libellula lydia Drury. PENNSYLVANIA: Broomall, Wyola; and seen at Central Square, State College, Crum Creek Farm, Westtown Lake, 26 April-3 September. NEW JERSEY : Upton ; and seen at Whitesbog. Upton Ponds. 29 Apr .-12 Aug. Sympetrum ambiguum Rambur. NEW JERSEY : Batsto Pond, 1 , 5 Sept. ; Erma, 1 $. 22 Sept. These were the only individuals of aiiihif/unin seen in 1945. The species was abundant in southeastern Pennsylvania, south- ern New Jersey, and Maryland in 1944. many specimens having been collected in localities where it had never been seen before. Sympetrum obtrusum Hagen. PENNSYLVANIA: Holmes, 1 J1, 21 Sept.; Tinicum Marshes, 26 Sept.; 15 J1, 29 Sept.: 2 J1. 8 October. NEW- JERSEY : Erma, 1 J1. 22 Sept. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 79 The intergradation between this and the following species makes positive identification almost impossible in many cases. The notch of the hamuli varies from one sixth to one third of the total length and the facial color varies from pale brown and grayish white to ivory and pure china-white. The difficulty arises when some of the individuals with the whitest faces are found to have deeply notched hamuli and those with very shal- low notches to have brown faces. The specimens cited above have been segregated upon the basis of hamular structure alone since both cyanide fumes and drying may have affected the facial color. Such intergradation as this suggests that obtrusum and rubicnndnliiin are not specifically distinct or that extensive hy- bridization occurs. The fact that obtrusum is on the extreme edge of its geographic range may contribute to this extreme variability. The New Jersey record is from a point which is often considered a part of the Lower Austral (Austroriparian) zone 9 and represents the first recorded occurrence of obtrusum in that zone. Sympetrum rubicundulum Say. PENNSYLVANIA: Broomall, Penn Valley. State College, Spring Creek. Echo Valley Farm. Darby Creek, Westtown Lake, Holmes, Tinicum Marshes, 17 June-8 October. NEW JERSEY : Upton, Batsto Pond, Erma. Cape May City, 12 August-22 September. Sympetrum semicinctum Say. PENNSYLVANIA: Broomall. 1 $, 26 July; 1 $, 1 August; Penn Valley, 1 J\ 30 August ; seen at Broomall, 8 August. Sympetrum vicinum Hagen. PENNSYLVANIA: Broomall. Holmes, Tinicum Marshes, etc., 16 July-8 October. NEW JERSEY: Upton, Whitesbog, Upton Ponds, Fisher's Dam. Pond near Fisher's Dam, Batsto Pond. Cecil, and seen at Atsion Lake, Cape May Point, 8 July-22 September. 9 See Merriam, "Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States" (1898). On the basis of total growing heat (sum of daily excesses over 43° F.), the Cape May peninsula qualifies as part of the Lower Austral Zone by having a t.g.h. which in most years is slightly over 18,000°. See also Clark [U. S. N. M. Hull. 157: p. 18. 1932). Forbes [Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Memoir 68, p. 17. 1923], Stone [Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1910, p. 41, 1911). 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '46 Leucorrhinia intacta Hagen. PENNSYLVANIA: Bear Meadows, 1 J1, 16 June; State College, 1 hn\vn that although the first part of the Duda \\<>rk ( palacarctic and nrarctic re- gions) bears the date December, 1925, it did not appear until January 16, 1926; the second part appeared on December 10. 1926. (93) 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 3. Middle tarsi yellowish ; fore basitarsus as long as the two following joints together, the second joint articulating at one-fourth from the tip of the basitarsus (Hudson Bay— 1917, Wash. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull. 143: 46) J1 T. maljormans Melander and Spuler Middle tarsi with each joint whitish basally, black apically ; fore basitarsus slightly longer than the second joint, which articulates at the middle of the basitarsus (Birtle, Mani- toba—1929, Amer. Mus. Novitates No. 339:10) <$ T. maculitarsis Curran 4. Legs mostly reddish ; fore femora without bristles below (Grant Mt, Essex Co., N. Y., running with ants — 1927, Amer. Mus. Novitates No. 275 : 2) . .5 T. notinani Curran Legs black ; fore femora on under side with two approximate spines 5 ^- maljormans Melander and Spuler 5. Small species 2-3 mm. in length ; anterior notopleural bristle not half as long as posterior 6 Larger species 4-5 mm. in length ; anterior notopleural bristle over half as long as posterior 8 6. Fore coxae yellow ; male fore femora nearly straight, only slightly sinuate on upper side ; female fore femora with two or three small stout bristles on middle of under side (N. Y., Conn., Pa., 111. [types] ; Mich.— 1917, Wash. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull. 143: 46) T. flavico.m Melander and Spuler Fore coxae dark brown to blackish ; male fore femora strongly deformed, strongly sinuate on upper side, with a long bristle at base of under side ; female fore femora with- out bristles near middle beneath, with but one, or with four or five 7 7. Male middle tarsi with last three joints cordate, wider than long ; female fore femora on under side without or with but one small bristle near middle (Wash., Ore., Mont., Vt, Pa., [types] ; N. Y. (Leonard)— 1917, Wash. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull. 143 : 45, fig. 23 [on pi. opp. p. 80] ) T. latitarsata Melander and Spuler Male middle tarsi with last three joints not broadened, longer than wide; female fore femora with four or five small, closely spaced bristles near middle beneath (Islands of Washington Sound, Wash. — 1917, Wash. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull. 143: 44)... T. hicisnrata Melander and Spuler 8. Antennae wholly black ; cheeks white-pruinose ; mesonotum with very thin brownish pruinosity, supra-alar bristle strong ; ends of third and fourth veins almost parallel ; MALE : long lateral hair tufts present on fourth sternite ; fore femora with backwardly bent spine in emargination ; Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fore tibiae with conspicuous pale lappet at middle (Europe ; widespread in northern nearctic region — 1761. Fauna Suecica, 2d ed. : 456: 1917, Melander and Spuler. Wash. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull. 143: 43, f. 25 [on pi. opp. p. 80] ; 1926, Duda. Ann. naturhist. Mus. Wien 39: 92. pi. 3, f. 13 ) T. putris Linnaeus Antennae reddish basally ; cheeks brown, not pruinose ; meso- notum with rather heavy brownish pruinosity. supra-alar bristle lacking ; third and fourth veins strongly convergent ; MALE : without tufts on fourth sternite ; fore femora with distally inclined spine in emargination ; fore tibiae without lappet (Europe: Cambridge. Mass. — 1826. Syst. Beschr. 5: 291; 1926! Duda. Ann. naturhist. Mus. Wien 39: 94, pi. 3, f. 14) T. nif/riconiis Meigen Thcmira minor is not included in the above key; lacking hu- meral bristles, it belongs in the genus Enicomira Duda. as shown in the writer's key to the American genera of Sepsidae (Pan- Pacific Ent., 19: 93, 1943). Duda has expressed the opinion that T. incisiintta might equal T. pusiHc! Zett. and that T. fla-r:- co.va might equal the poorly known T. yracttis Zett. Some Fungus-Growing Ants Eat and Harvest Wild Fungi By GEORGE N. WOLCOTT, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Puerto Rico The unique agricultural habits of the fungus-growing, leaf- cutting, or "parasol" ants of the neotropics are supposed nor- mally to trend toward one-crop farming. The pieces of leaves of plants which the larger workers are seen carrying on their backs "like parasols" are comminuted inside the nest into a substratum on which is grown in pure culture a specific sym- biotic fungus which is the only food of the ants. Thus, to have these ants eating wild and uncultivated fungi, and cutting up . the wild fungus, as they normally would the leaves of trees, and carrying bits of it into the nest seems a deliberate and wanton contamination of the pure culture, besides being a revrr- froin an agricultural stage of culture to one much more primi- tive in which natural growths are eaten immediately, and the incidental surplu^ brought into the nest. 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 Some laborers of the Institute Agronomico do Norte, at Belem, Para, Brasil, engaged in clearing the land for planting rubber, had discarded an unbarked but trimmed pole beside the path in the forest leading to the clearing where their huts were located. On this prostrate pole, towards the end of the rainy season, an abundant growth of "oyster" fungi had appeared, and when observed on May 24, 1945, the part of it overgrown with fungi was serving as a path on which the fungus-growing ants were carrying pieces of cut-up leaves to their nest. Some of the ants, however, had been diverted from their task, and were intently feeding on the edges of the fresh white oyster mushrooms, while minims running about below were cleaning up all the chips. When the procession arrived at the butt end of the pole, it consisted of ants carrying only bits of green leaves, but when it left the pole for the nest, every third or fourth ant carried a white burden on its back : a bit of freshly-cut fungus. Observed early the next morning, some fungi had been eaten down to their main stems, and the ants were beginning on others that may have developed during the night. T-ime and tide wait for no man, or ant, especially in a Brasilian forest, and numer- ous ghostly white beetle larvae were also feeding on the fungi, as was discovered when the fungus-infested part of the pole was brought into the guest house of the Institute to dry. The beetle larvae cleaned out the stems of the fungi until only a hard, dry shell remained, and then aestivated until a fresh supply of poly- pore fungus was supplied them in Puerto Rico. This proving acceptable, they promptly continued growth and development, eventually becoming small, shining, oval, bright yellow beetles, identified by Mr. W. S. Fisher of the U. S. National Museum as a species of Mycotretus (Erotylidae), a genus of which eighty species have been recorded from Brasil. The master carpenter of the Institute identified the wood of the pole as being "cupiuba," of which he had additional lumber in his shop. Cupiuba is Gonpia ylabra Aubl, a reasonably com- mon tree in the Amazon and Guiana forests, favorably known because of its resistance to the attack of dry-wood termites, and extensively used in construction. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS The least-eaten oyster fungus available was dried in the her- barium-oven of Dr. W. Andrew Archer, and, via diplomatic pouch, submitted by Dr. H. M. Langford to Mr. John A. Stevenson, Senior Mycologist in charge. Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Beltsville, Maryland. Of it he writes, under date of July 11, 1945, as follows: "The mushroom which the ants were cutting up and carrying off to their nest is a species of Pleiirotns. The common "oys- ter" mushroom is a member of this genus. What the Brazilian or other tropical species of this genus are, no one knows. I looked through Moller's classical work on the fungi grown by the leaf-cutting ants of Brazil, and the species involved, in his account at least, are distinctly not of the genus Pleurotits. Perhaps the ants were using this form for food direct, and not mixing it into their fungus plantations." Specimens of the ants eating and carrying to the nest the Pleurotus were determined by Dr. Neal A. Weber of the Uni- versity of North Dakota as being Acromyrmcx (A.} coronatus Fabricius. To be sure, this is not the most specialized form of the Myrmicine tribe Attii, but is given by Wheeler as being next to the least primitive and the nearest to At to. s. str. It should therefore be among the least likely to exhibit such reces- >ive traits as eating wild fungi and harvesting them into its nest. Texophon, a New Genus in the Diplopod Family Lysiopetalidae By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN J In a small collection of millipeds and centipeds taken in Texas from nests of the wood rat Ncotouta uncrowns Baird. by Maj. D. E. Hardy, were two males representing the interesting new species and genus here described. Taken at the same time from these nests were representatives of two other millipeds, Aniulns prosoicus Chamberlin and Siphonophora te.vascolens Cham- berlin. The types of the new form are at present retained in the author's collection. 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 Genus TEXOPHON, new Distinguished from Spirostrephon and Delophon in the struc- ture of the gonopods. In these the principal blade is simple, not bent laterad into a subuncate process as exhibited by Spiro- strephon and lacking the subapical trifurcate process in the latter; distally somewhat sigmoidally flexed and curving for- ward ; from outer side of base of each a slender, less sclerotized, simple slender process curving about caudal side and then paral- leling the gonopod proper, a pair of shorter pale processes aris- ing cephalad of gonopods and distally curving caudo-ectad. Texophon ncsshis, n. sp. Fig. 1. Gonopods of male, ventral view, with exoskeleton removed on one side. Fig. 2. Left gonopod in situ, ectal view. Texophon nessius, new species Body yellowish with a dark longitudinal dorsal band gem- inated by a narrow median yellow stripe. Head black between eyes and antennae, the vertex covered with a network of dark lines. Legs yellow. Antennae dusky. Antennae long, fili- form; second and third articles longest, subequal, the fourth and fifth somewhat shorter, with the sixth next in length. Eye Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99 patch large, composed of 7 or 8 vertical series of ocelli ; e.g., from behind forward, 8, 8, 7, 7, 6, 5, 4. Collum with 20 crests across caudal border low, suheqnal in length. First two pairs of legs in the male with a median ventral comb of hairs. The other anterior legs with ventral surface studded with numerous short setose points arising from nodular bases. Third legs in types with fungiform or pustular extru- sions from coxae. Gonopods as shown in figs. 1 and 2. Number of segments in male holotype, 50. Length, about 19 mm.; diameter, about 1.2 mm. Locality : — TEXAS : Laguna Madre, 23 miles south-east of Harlingen. Twro males taken in nest of Neotoina inicropus, September 26, 1945, by D. E. Hardy. Obituaries Dr. Alfredo Borelli, \Ye learn from a recent issue of the 'Annali' of the Civic Museum of Natural History of Genoa that Dr. Borelli died May 6, 1943, at Boves, near Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy, at the age of eighty-four. In addition to his numerous and important studies of the Dermaptera, which constitute the most outstanding series of contributions on the systematics ot these insects to appear in the last thirty years. Dr. Borelli also published papers on reptiles, scorpions and the Solpugida. In 1893 and 1894, Dr. Borelli visited the Chaco of Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia and there made important insect collec- tions. Dr. Carlo Menozzi. From the 'Annali' of the Genoa Museum we have also learned of the death of Dr. Menozzi, on March 4, 1943, at the age of fifty-one. Dr. Menozzi was also a student of the Dermaptera, and had published other contribu- tions on ants. 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 Papilio Aristodemus Ponceana Schaus (Lepi- doptera: Papilionidae) Notes By W. F. HENDERSON, Chicago, Illinois Since the publication of the articles on this species in the February and July (1945) issues of Entomological News, further communications have been received. Mr. Franklin H. Chermock has kindly submitted data con- cerning the specimens in his possession. It is interesting to note that he has two specimens which are believed to have been captured by Schaus himself. No. 34 £ Miami, Florida, May 1899; collected probably by Schaus. In F. H. Chermock collection. No. 35 £ Same as No. 34. No. 36 $ Matecumbe Key, Florida, May 7, 1943, Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. F. H. Chermock collection. No. 37 $ Same as No. 36, except collected on May 14, 1944. No. 38 5 Same as Nos. 36, 37, except collected on June 2, 1944. Nos. 39-44 Six J^, all collected at the Matecumbe Key, May 3-22, 1945 by Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. F. H. Chermock collection. No. 45 $ Key Largo, Florida, June 14, 1941 ; collected and owned by Mr. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. No. 46 g Matecumbe Key, Florida, May 2, 1945; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. Carl Cook collection. Mr. Cyril F. DosPassos of Mendham, New Jersey, reports the acquisition of 28 specimens (18 £<$ and 10 5$) from Mrs. Grimshawe. The writer has also acquired four more specimens for his own collection, all from Mrs. Grimshawe. It is now quite apparent that ponceana is coming to be better known than it was for many years and that this beautiful species will be represented in more collections as the years pass. The pioneer collector of this species continues to be Mrs. C. N. Grim- shawe, who has been responsible for 66 of the 78 specimens referred to in this series of notes. Ivii. '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101 In conclusion, the writer again wishes to express his thanks to all of those who have cooperated with him in this survey. A Mechanical Holder for Microscopical Exami- nation of Pinned Insects THEODORE A. OLSON. Lt. Colonel. Sn. C.* Eighth Service Command Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston. Texas Taxonomic work in entomology usually involves careful ex- amination of insects from all angles ; some of the positions are frequently difficult to attain with the ordinary cork hlocks or other common devices used as holders for pinned specimens. In an attempt to overcome some of the difficulties and in an effort to expedite identifications, a mechanical holder which is an integral part of the microscope stage was developed at the Seventh Service Command Medical Lahoratory. Fort Omaha, Nebraska, in early 1942. This device was produced with the assistance of Ordnance machinists at that post, and the first working model was used during the 1942 season. The success of this device, as measured by its popularity with technicians who had the opportunity to use the holder, indicated that it was a practical piece of equipment which could be given further trial. To date, 5 mechanical holders have been made ; each has re- ceived a favorable comment by users. The first model has been in almost daily use for 3 years. The device can be made by a professional machinist in 21/-> to 3 hours time. Brass stock is used. Dimensions and assem- bly are indicated in figure 2. When completed the holder is mounted on the binocular dissecting microscope stage by drilling a hole (for the threaded center pin) through the stage at a point approximately \l/s inches from the right side and S}-\ inches from the front edge of the platform when the microscope is in working position (figure 1). The exact position will vary somewhat with the type of microscope in use. but there is * On military leave. School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr... '46 considerable leeway and this fitting may be done by anyone who has a fair amount of mechanical ability. Left-handed persons may wish to mount the device on the left side of the stage. The final position should be such that the insect-carrying head may be centered under the objectives when needed, while it may readily be swung back toward the center pillar of the micro- scope, and out of the way, when not in use. Figure 1 Some of the movements which may be accomplished by the holder are illustrated in figure 2. Briefly, there is a primary horizontal rotation about the main upright, a vertical rotation through the long horizontal rod, another rotation accomplished by the central sleeve of the head, and. finally, a long, back-and- forth, horizontal movement produced by sliding the rod through the upright. By placing a "point mounted" insect at an angle to center it over the mid-point of the head, the insect will stay in focus through practically all rotational movements. If bends Ivii, '46 ] ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS 103 A and B have not been accurate, the centering may be imperfect, but this may easily be corrected by changing the angle of the head to a small degree. If, as is the custom with some workers, the microscope is used with the base removed, a very flat ter- minal nut must be substituted for the one shown. Because there is only a limited hollow space beneath the microscope plat- form, the tension spring and threaded center pin may also have to be reduced in length to permit proper mounting of the holder. POSITION NO I POSITION NO 2 POSITION NO 3 POSITION NO 4 CM— 0-^ SKETCHES OF POSSIBLE ADJUSTMENTS Assembled head, showing manner of pinning specimen , Vertical hole in upright to permit intro- / duction of internoljKetsure spring. Bend 8 Bend A Drilled to receive knurled knob (Intect carrier) Terminal bearing Knurled knob B Imparts final rotation. It fits into the terminal bearing. Threaded pin passes thru microscope stage SCALE Horizontal rod to Import primary vertical rotation Rod elides back and forth and rotate* Horizontal hole in upright. Internal pressure spring Leather washer Pressure spring to make horizontal rotation smooth and to prevent un- screwing of terminal nut. -Threaded terminal nut for adjusting the pressure of external spring.- Figure 2. Mechanical holder for microscopical examination of insects. 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 Bragonflies (Odonata) Collected in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in 1945 By GEORGE H. BEATTY, III, Merion, Pennsylvania (Continued from page 81) Tramea Carolina Linne. PENNSYLVANIA : Holmes, Tinicum Marshes, and seen at Broomall, Central Square, State College and Crum Creek Farm, 22 May-8 Oct. NEW JERSEY : Upton Ponds, 1 . 24 June ; 6 J\ 1 $, 29 June; 7^, 30 June; 4 . 24 June ; 3 J1, 5 9, 29, 30 June ; 3 J\ 7 $, 8 July ; 2 ^, 1 $. 22 July ; 14 <$, 5 ?, 12 Aug. ; Whitesbog, 2 J, 24 June ; 2 $, 29 June ; Fisher's Dam, 5 J, 1 , 28 Aug. ; 1 ?, 4 Sept. ; Pond near Fisher's Dam, 1 9, 31 Aug. ; 1 ?, 4 Sept.; Atsion Lake, 22 J\ 16$, 5 Sept.; Folsom. 12 J1, 14 $, 5 Sept. ; Pond near Fisher's Dam, seen, 7 Sept. ; Erma, seen, 22 Sept. ; Lily Lake, 1 $, 22 Sept. A. hastatitin occurred in swarms at Holmes-, Atsion Lake and Folsom, but only in relatively small numbers in the other locali- ties. The foregoing list represents about 70% of the combined odonate faunas of Pennsylvania and New Jersey as they are now known.15 However, there is good cause to believe that a considerable number of additional species will be found in both states. 15 The writer is compiling complete bibliographical catalogues of the dragonflies of Pennsylvania and New Jersey which will appear shortly. They will bring together all published records and many hitherto unpub- lished as well as data on distribution, seasonal range, and habitat. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111 Two genera are conspicuous in the 1945 collections by their poor representation. These are. Complins and Argia, both chiefly restricted to fluviatile habitats. A glance at the list of collecting stations reveals few such habitats beside the cedar- stained streams of the New Jersey pine barrens which have a dragonfly fauna which is in many ways peculiar to them alone. Their sand bottoms and lack of turbulence, as well as the chemi- cal nature of the water, make them a highly specialized environ- ment. The good representation of such genera as Acschna, Libcllnla, Lestes, and Enallagma, is due to the writer's concentration upon lenitic habitats. In the preceding list, most of the dragonflies of unusual interest are lenitic forms. Collecting was generally done on a survey basis, attempt being made to secure specimens of all forms occurring at a given place and time because of the writer's interest in dragonfly popula- tions as such. Only in the case of species of unusual interest, such as Aeschmi constricta, Somatochlora filosa, Sympetrum obtnisnin, and Enallagma wcewa, was rather intensive collecting of a single species resorted to. The writer is indebted beyond hope of repayment to Dr. Philip P. Calvert who read the ms. of this article, making many valuable suggestions, and for his help, authoritative informa- tion, encouragment, and inspiration, freely given. To other odonatists who, in correspondence, aided materially in this work he is likewise grateful. Thanks are due to John Gillespie, with- out whose cheerful assistance many species would not have been collected, who was the author's companion on many field trips, and who willingly granted permission for the inclusion in this paper of any of his records desired. To all who assisted with field work the writer expresses his deep appreciation, especially to Alonzo Ellis, George Babb, Helen Gould, Dr. F. H. Forster, Virginia Orr. and my father, George H. Beatty, Jr. Alonzo Ellis deserves special credit, for he collected with rare discrim- ination and, with characteristic generosity, presented to the writer all of the dragonflies which he secured. 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 Personal Dr. Henry K. Townes, Jr., was honored by the Washing- ton Academy of Sciences on the 21st of March, 1946. The citation read : Henry K. Townes, Jr., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville, Maryland, in recognition of his distinguished service in the morphology and taxonomy of the insect superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Dr. Townes' "A catalogue and reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae" was published last year as No. 11 of the Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, at Philadel- phia. Much of the work on this memoir was done by Dr. Townes during his stay, as a National Research Fellow, at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY CHARLES HODGE IV, EDWIN T. MOUL, MAURICE E. PHILLIPS AND HENRY K. TOWNES JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology. Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k): papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— Cockerell, T. D. A.— Looking- Forward. [55] 22: 40. du Dresnay, G. — Procedure for keeping- but- terfly wings horizontal. [33] 9: 307-310. Delamare-De- boutteville, Cl. — Collection and preservation of minute in- sects. [12] 2: 66-69. Faure, G. O. — Identificaciones y datos adicionales de alg-unos insectos y aracnidos de Chile. [32] 48: 66-76, 1945. 'Freeman, J. A.— Studies in the dis- tribution of insects by aerial currents. The insect popula- tion of the air from ground level to 300 feet. [15] 14: 128- 154, 1945. Frost, S. W. — Additional Notes on Baptisia Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 113 Insects. |17| 54: 16. Keen, F. P.— Entomology in West- ern Pine Silviculture. [26J 22: 1-8. Lhomme, L.— Alight trap which kills automatically. [33] 10: 121-122. Miller, D.— Apropos C. V. Riley. [26] 22: 28-30. Monro, H. A. U. — Low temperature fumigation. [9) 77: 192-196. Strickland, E. H. — Adult Oclonata as Class-Room Material. [5] 39: 28-32. Williams, C. B.— Climate and insect life. [22] 156: 214-215, 1946. Wright, M.— Economic impor- tance of dragonflies. [19] 21 : 60-70. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Beirne, B. P. — Notes on Biology of Some Hymenopterous Parasites of the Beech Weevil (Rhynchaenus'fagil.). [30] 21 : 7-11, ill. Bodenstein, D. — Corpora Allata of Mosquitoes. [4] 488: 396-405, ill. Bourgogne, J. — Genetics of Lepidoptera. [33] 10: 34-47, 49-63. Cottier, W.— Effects of rotenone bearing dusts on the diamond backed moth (Plutella macu- lipenis Curt.). [23] 27: 244-249, 1945. d'Aguilar, J.- Bionomics of Chloropidae (Dipt.). [12] 2: 3-6. Deonier, C. C. — Population Studies on Cochliomyia americana in Arizona. [16] 19: 26-29. Ferreira Lima', A. D.— Schisto- cerca paranensis (Brum.) in Rio Grande do Sul. [7] 1 : 139-145. Filho, J. O. — Sobre a morfologia do penis em Lepidoptera. [8] 50: 1-79, ill., 1946. Groth, K.- Genetic studies on Lepidoptera. [33] 9: 323-334. Jahn, T. L. — The electroretinogram as a measure of wave- length sensitivity to light. [17] 54: 1-8. Kalmus & Mitchison. — Transplantation of larval ovaries in Drosophila from and to individuals susceptible to carbon dioxide. [22] 156: 230-231. 1946. Leclerca, J.— Effect of Atmo- spheric Humidity on eggs of a Phasmid. Carausius moro- sus. [30] 21 : 3-5. Le Marchand, S.— Biology of Stig- mella sericopeza Z. [33] 9: 351-357. Le Marchand, S.- Sexual organs of the families of Lepidoptera. [33] 10: 22- 33. Lindquist, A. W., Madden, A. H. and Schroeder, H. O. — Effect of Temp., on Knock-down and Kill of Mosqui- toes and Bedbugs Exposed to DDT. [16] 19: 13-15. Melvin, R. — A note on culturing of chiggers (Trombi- culidae). [5| 39: 143-144. Michener, C. D.— Observ. on habits and life history of chigger mite. E. batatas. [5] 39: 101-118. Muhsam, B. F. & H. V.— Life tables for Musca vicina and Calliphora erythrocephala. [31 | 115: 296-305. Needham, A. E.— Relative proportions in serially repeated structures. [31] 115: 335-370. Owsley, W. B.— Com- parative morphology of internal structures of Asilidae 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 (Dipt.). [5] 39: 33-68. Payne, N. M.— Life history and habits of the flat grain beetle (L. minutus Oliv.). [17] 54: 9-12. Perry, W. J. — Keys to Larval and Adult Mos- quitoes of Espiritu Santo (New Hebrides) w/notes on Bionomics. [26] 22: 9-18. Roeder & Weiant.— Site of action of DDT in the cockroach. [34] 103: 304- 306, 1946. Snodgrass, R. E. — The Skeletal Anatomy of Fleas (Si- phonaptera). [35] 104 No. 18: 1-89, ill." Scares, O. M. — Scolytus sp. harmful to fruit trees. [7] 1: 137-138 (S). Strickland, E. H. — (See General). Suomalainen, E.— Beitrage zur zytologie der parthenogenetischen insekten. I. Coleoptera. [3] 54: 7: 1-144, ill., 1940. Weiss, H. B. -Insects and the spectrum. [17] 54: 17-30. Yeager & Munson. — Analysis of concentration-survival time curves of arsenite-injected roaches having different resistance. [5] 39: 141-151. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Bristowe, W. S. —Some notes about the American Black Widow Spider, Latrodectes mactans F. [13] 82: 54, ill. Bristowe, W. S. -Spider miscellany. [18] Sen 42: 63-67, ill., 1945. Cham- berlin, R. V.— A New Texas Lithobius. [26] 22: 20-21 (k). Chamberlin, R. V. — On some centipedes from Georgia. [9] 77: 215-216 (k*). Ewing, H. E.— Taxonomic notes on American chiggers (Larvae of the mite family Trombi- culidae) including the redescription of a genus and the de- scription of two new species. [27] 59: 21-28. Gertsch, W. J/ — Five new spiders of the genus Neoantistea. [17] 54: 31-37. Keegan, H. L. — Six new mites of superfamily Parasitoidea. [36] 65: 69-77, ill., 1946. Mello-Leitao, C de. — Escorpioes Sud- Americanos. [6] 40: 9-468, ill., 1945. Melvin, R. — See Anat., etc.) Michener, C. D. — See Anat., etc.) Needham, A. E. — See Anat., etc.) Sloggett, B. M. — Introduction of Latrodectus to the Pacific Islands. [41] 62: 165, 1946. Turk & Phillips.— Monograph of the slug mite — Riccardoella limacum (Schrank). [31] 115: 448-472. The SMALLER ORDERS— Badonnel, A. — Psocopteres. [14] 42: 1-164 (k), 1942. Conde, B.— Protura. [12] 2: 49-53. Dos Santos, N. D. — Redescricao de Micrathyria artemis (Selys Ms.) Ris 1911 (Odonata: Libellubidae). [8} 49: 1-4," ill.. 1945. Dos Santos, D. N.— Oligoclada nemesis (Ris, 1911) nova combinacao e notas sobre outras especies (Odonata: Libellubidae). [8] 46: 1-4, ill., 1945. Dos Santos, N. D. — Contribuicao ao conhecimento de fauna Ivii, '46] I.XTOMOLOGICAL NF,\\S 115 de Pirassununga, estado de Sao Paulo. 3. Micrathyria almeidai n.sp. (Odonata: Libellulidae). [8] 48: 1-5. ill., 1945. Dos Santos, N. D. — Contribuicao ao conchecimento de fauna de Pirassunung-a, estado de Sao Paulo. 2. De- scricao de Oligoclada borrori n.sp. (Odonata: Libellulidae). [8] 47: 1-5, ill., 1945. Dos Santos, N. D.— Descricao de Brechmorhoga travassosi n.sp. e notas sobre Brechmorhoga nubecula (Rambus 1842). [8] 51: 1-8. ill., 1946. Hanson, J. F. — Comparative morphology and taxonomy of the Capniidae (Plecoptera). [1] 35:' 193-249. ill., 1946. Seguy, E. — Insectes ectoparasites (Mallophages, Anoplure-. Si- phonapteres). [14] 43: 7-684, ill. (k). 1944. Snodgrass, R. E. — See Anat., etc.) Strickland, E. H. — (See General.) Wright, M. — Description of numph of Sympetrum am- biguum (Rambur). [19] 21: 135-138. 'Wright.— (See General.) HEMIPTERA— Beamer, R. H. — Genus Stenocranu in America Xo. of Mexico (Homo.-Fulgoridae). [16j 19: 1- 11, ill. (*k). Beamer, R. H. — Erythroneura of the Vul- nerata Group (Homo.-Cicadellidae). [16] 19: 15-22, ill (*k). Cunha Marques, A. X. de. — Cariologia comparada de alguns Hemipteros Heteropteros (Pentatomideos e Coreicleos). [21] 163: 1-105, ill., 1945. DeLong, D. M.- Xe\v genera and spp. of Mexican leafhoppers. |5] 39: 82- 83. DeLong, D. M. — The Mexican species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). [25] 46: 13-30. ill. (k*), 1946. Drake & Hambleton. — Xe\v species and . new genera of American Tingidae (Hemiptera). [27] 59: 9-16, 1946. Froeschner, R. C. — Cercopidae or Spittlebugs of Missouri. [16] 19: 30-35, ill. (k). Knull, D. J.— Erythroneura of the obliqua group from Ohio and Tennessee (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). [25] 46: 45-1-9. ill. (*). Sampson, W.- Generic classification of California Aphids by first instar nymphs. [39] 7: 367-402 (k). Usinger, R. L.- Motes on Cuban Triatominae (Hemi, Reduviidae). [26] 22: 19-20. White, W. S. — The environmental conditions affecting the genetic mechanism of wing production in the Chrysanthe- mum aphid. 1 2] 80: 245-270, 1946. LEPIDOPTERA— Bourgogne, J.— (See Anat., etc.) du Dresnay, G. — (See General.) Filho, J. O.— (See Anat., etc.) Forbes, W. T. M. — Two new characters in the Geo- metridae. |17| 54: 39-46. Freeman, H. A. — Notes on skippers with Xew Records for U. S. ( Lep. Hc-p) |(>| 77: 201. Groth, K.— (See Anat.. etc..) Holik, O.--Xoim-ncla- 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 tural question of Zygaena purpuralis Brunn. [33] 9: 340-343. Jerrel & Jaques. — Geometridae of Iowa. [29] 51 : 463-466. Ladeiro, J. M. — Catalogo dos Lepidopteros exoticos em coleccao no Museu Zoologica da Universidade de Coimbra A regiao Palearctica. [21] 170: 1-53, 1946. Leech, H. B. -Flights of Nymphalis californica Bdv. in British Colum- bia and Alberta in 1945. [9] -77: 203. Le Marchand, S.- Classification of the Tineina. [33] 10: 94-111. 125-144. Le Marchand, S. — Key to genera of Lithocolletidae. [33] 9: 315. Le Marchand, S.— (See Anat., etc.) McGuffin, W. C. — New descr. of Larvae of Forest Insects: Xvctobia, Eufidonia (Geometr.). [9] 77: 197-199, ill. Silva" Cruz e Goncalves. — Notas Lepidopterologicas. Novos elementos adicionais a lista de Lepidopteros de Portugal de ]"• T. Wattison. [21 ] 150: 1-138, 1943. Urquhart, F. A.— Giant silkworm moths. [10] 8: 64-65, ill., 1946. Wallace, P. P. -Biology and control of the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula Harris. [42] 488: 373-395. Wind, R. G.— New Spp. of N. A. Satyridae. [26] 22: 25-27. DIPTERA — Anon. — Identification of female Anophe- lines of the United States. [38] March 1946: 1-16. Alex- ander, C. P. — New nearctic craneflies. [9] 77: 186-191. Alexander, C. P. — Studies on craneflies of Mexico, Part VIII. [5] 39: 119-139 (*). Bohart, R. M.— New species of Mosquitoes from the Marianas and Okinawa (Diptera, Culicidae). [27] 59: 39-46, ill., 1946. Bordenstein, D.- (See Anat., etc.) Brooks, A. R. — The genus Girschneria Townsend. [9] 77: 184-185. d'Aguilar, J.— (See Anat., etc.) Deonier, C. C. — (See Anat., etc.) Dodge, H. R.- Identification of Culex males under low magnification. [5] 39: 140-142 (k). Fattig, P. W.— Tabanidae or horse- flies and deerflies of Georgia. [11] No. 4, 26 pp. Harm- ston, F. C. and Knowlton, G. F. — Two New Paraclius (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). [16] 19: 23-25 (k). Hauber, V. A. — Life histories and ecology of Iowa midges (Tendi- pedidae). [29] 51 : 451-462. Owsley, W. B.— (See Anat., etc.) Phillips, V. T. — Biology and identification of Try- petid larvae. [20] 12: 1-161, 16 pis. (k). Rapp, W. F., Jr. — Types of Genera and Subgenera of Pipunculidae. [9] 77: 209. Redlinger & Jaques. List of Chloropidae of Iowa. [29] 51 : 471-472. Ribbands, C. R.— Anopheline life-cycles and population fluctuations. [22] 156: 232-233, 1946. Sabrosky, C. W. — Two new species of Ogcodes from Chile (Diptera: Acroceridae). [32] 48: 317-319, ill., 1945. lyii. '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117 Smart, J. — Classification of the Simuliiclae (Diptera). [37] 95: 463-532 (k), 1945. Stiles & Luber.— Iowa spiders. [29] 51 : 473-484. Villee, C. A.— Curled blistered wings, a digenic character of Drosophila melanogaster. [2] 80: 280-283, 1946. COLEOPTERA — Alonso, R. G. — Contribucion al cono- cimiento cle los Scarabaedae Chilenos. Dynastinae ory- ctini. [32] 48: 112-118, 1945. Beirne, B. P.— (See Anat., etc.) Brindley, Chamberlin, Hinman. — Pea weevil and methods for its control. [U. S. D. A. Farm. Bull. 1971] 1- 24, ill. Cottier, W. — Use of lead arsenate as a control for the grass grub, Odontria zealandica White. [23] 27: 239- 243. 1945. Gillogly, L. R.— A New Sp. of Xitidulid Beetle. [26] 22 : 22-24. Hayes, W. P. and Chu, H. F.— Larvae of genus Xosodendron Latr. (Col., Nosodendridae). [5] 39: 69-79, ill. (k). Hicks, S. D. — Additional notes on Coleo- ptera taken in Essex Co., Ontaria. [9] 77: 214. Hoff- mann, A. — Coleopteres Bruchides et Anthribides. [14] 44: 2-184, ill., 1945. Jeannel, R. — Coleopteres carabique. Premiere partie. [14] 39: 1-571, ill. (k), 1941; 40: 573- 1173, ill. (k), 1942. Johnson, J. P. — The incinerator beetle, Dermestes cadaverinus Fabr. [42] 488: 311-415. Landeiro, R. — Stizocera plicicollis on "peroba" (Aspidosperma sp.). [7] 1 : 123-126 (S). Leech, H. B.— Some Pacific coast spp. of Tropisternus. [9] 77: 179-184 (*). Liljebead, E.- Monograph of the family Mordellidae (Coleoptera) of N. Amen. X. of Mexico. '[40] 62: 9-229, ill. (*k), 1945. Linsley, E, G. and MacSwain, J. W. — Longevity of Tri- chodes and Pelonium Larvae (Col. Cleridae). [26] 22: 18. MacNay, C. G. — Occurrence in X. A. of the European Staphylinid Deleaster dichrous Grav. [9] 77: 213. Mar- shall, G. A. K. — XTew Curculionidae from Tropical Africa (Coleoptera). [4] 12: 429-448, ill. (k), 1946. Marshall, M. Y. — Xote on Hyperaspidius flavocephalus Blatchley with description of the female. [9] 77: 177-178. Parker, R. L. — Additional Host and Distribution Records of the S \\ectpotato Leaf Beetle, T. viridicyaneus (Crotch) (Coleo., Chrvsomelidae). [16] 19: 11-12." Paulian, R.— Colcop- teres scarabeides. |14| 38: 2-239, ill. (k). 1941. Payne, N. M. — See Anat., etc.) Saylor, L. W. — l\t/\ isimi of the scarab beetles of the Dynastine genus Erioscelis. [27] 48: 61-66 (k*), ill. Stehr, W. C.— Xew spp. of Scymnus (Coleo. Coccinellidae). |5| 39: 80-81. Suomalainen, E. — (See Anat., etc.) Thery, A. — Coleopteres Buprestides. [14J 41: 1-221, ill. (k), 1942. 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '46 HYMENOPTERA— Beirne, B. P.— (See Anat., etc.) Cockerell, T. D. A. — Description and records of bees. [4] 12: 46K-475 (*k). 1946. Enzmann, J.— New form of Myr- mecina. [17] 54: 13-15 (k*). Enzmann, J. — New house- invading Ant from Mass. [17] 54: 47-49. Gomes, J. G.- A new chalcid (Minapis pseudonigra n.sp.). [7] 1 : 127- 129 (S). Kennedy, C. H. — Myrmecological technique. I. The use of ether in collecting ants. [25] 46: 10-12, 1946. Pate, V. S. L. — N. American spp. of genus Lestiphorus (Hymen. Sphec.). [9] 77: 210-213 (k). Pate, V. S. L.- New Pemphilidine wasps, with notes on previously de- scribed forms. I. Ectemnius (Hymenoptera : Sphecidae). [24] 171 : 1-14, 1946. Pratt, H. D.— Taxonomic Studies of Nearctic Cryptini (Ichneumonidae). [1] 34: 549-661. Rau, P. — Nests and adults of colonies of Polistes wasps. [5] 39: 11-27. Rayment, T. — New bees and wasps. Part I. Notes on the biology of Exoneurae with a specific de- scription. [41] 62: 178-184, ill. (*), 1946. Richards, O. W. — A revision of the genus Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). [37] 95 : 295-462, ill. (k), 1945. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Amer. Midi. Nat. 2. — Amer. Nat. 3.— Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennicae (A). 4. — Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5. — Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 6. — Arg. Mus. Nac. R. de Jan. 7.— Boletim Fitossanitaria. 8. — Bol. Mus. Nac. do R. de Jan. 9. — Canadian Entom. 10. — Canadian Nature. 11. — Emory Univ. Mus. Bui. 12. — 1'Entomologiste. 13.— Entom. Monthly Mag. 14. — Faune de France. 15. — Jour. Animal Ecol. 16. — Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc. 17. — -Jour. New York Entom. Soc. 18. — Jour. Ouekett Micro. Club. 19. — Jour. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 20. — Mem. Amer. Entom. Soc. 21.— Mem. e Est. Mus. Zool. Univ. de Coimbra. 22. — Nature. 23. — New Zeal. Jour. Sci. & Tech. 24. — Notulae Naturae. 25. — Ohio Jour. Sci. 26. — Pan-Pacific Entom. 27. — Proc. Biol. Soc. "Wash. 28.— Phoc. Entom. Soc. Wash. 29.- Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 30. — Proc. Roy. Entom. Soc. (A). 31. — Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 32. — Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 33. — Rev. franchise de Lepidopt. 34. — Science. 35. —Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 36. — Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc. 37.— Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 38.— U. S. Publ. Health Serv. 39.— Univ. Cal. Publ. Entom. 40.— Univ. Mich, misc. publ. Mus. Zool. 41. — Victorian Nat. 42. — M-th Ann. Rep. State Entom., Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both imagos and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — -Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. I want to collect Pennsylvania insects from York and Adams Co. E. W. Mange, 307 W. Wa'lnut St., Hanover, Pa. Lepidoptera — Wanted, Hyloicus (Sphinx) and other Sphingidae in exchange for U. S. and Wisconsin Lepidoptera. \Vm. E. Sicker, 119 Monona Ave., Madison 3, Wisconsin. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. Insects Studied Microscopically AT EVERY ANGLE with this Completely Adjustable Holder Available Now for Immediate Shipment at NUSHAWG Biological Supply, Inc. Here's a sturdy, PRACTICAL insect holder for ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED microscopic obser- vation. Simply thrust pinned insect into cork "well" until it is in line with axis of curved arm, then turning knurled knobs you will secure com- plete dorsal and ventral coverage with the insect in constant focus. Once adjusted, insect's position re- mains fixed, due to split-shaft con- struction. Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. R. de la Torre-Bueno • STAYS IN ANY POSITION • RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street. Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1119. — Cresson (E. T. Jr.) — Synopses of No. Amer. Ephydridae. la. Supplement of part I on the subfam. Psilopinae. II. The tribes Hydrelliini, Hydrinini and Ilytheini of the subfam. Notiphilinae, with descr. of n. sps. (70: 159-180, 1944) ... $ .40 1123. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Indoaustralian Ephydridrae. I. The subfam. Psilo- pinae. (71: 47-75, 1945) 60 1127. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Neotropical Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae. (71 : 129-163, 1946) 75 1126. — Rapp (W. F.) — Two new Nemocera Diptera. (Sciaridae and Cecidomyidae). (71 : 125-128, figs., 1946) 20 THE BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPETID LARVAE By VENIA TARRIS PHILLIPS Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 12, 161 pp., 16 pis., 1946 This is a comprehensive work describing and figuring the important characteristics of the larvae cf forty five species of American fruit flies (Diptera). An indispensible work for economic en- tomologists. It includes a glossary of the terms used in the descriptions; a list of 442 species of the family, with their known hosts; a list of their host plants; and an extensive bibliography. The plates contain 192 exquisitely executed figures. Price $5.00 (postpaid, domestic delivery) U. S. Currency, remittance must accompany order. HYMENOPTERA 1118. — Bradley (J. C.) — A preliminary revision of the Pompilinae of the Americas exclusive of the tribe Pompilini. (70: 23-157, 2 pis., 1944) 1.60 LEPIDOPTERA 1125. — Jones (F. M.) — Platoeceticus and a remarkable n. sp. of the genus (Psychidae). (71: 99-124, 6 pis., 1945) 75 ORTHOPTERA 1121. — Tinkham (E. R.) — Sinochlora, a new tettigoniid gen. from China, with descr. of 5 n. sps. (70: 235-246, 2 pis., 1945) . . .25 1124. — Hebard (M.) — Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mountains in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Virginia, and notes on other Appalachian sps. and recent extensions of the known range of still other southeastern sps. (71: 77-97, 1945) 45 1120. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — A revision of the locusts of the group Hy- alopteryges (Acrididae). (70: 181-234, 1 pi., 1944) 1.00 1117. — Rehn and Rehn — Studies of certain Cyrtacanthacridoid gen. (Acrididae). II. Prumnacris, a new No. Amer. gen. of Holarctic type. (70: 1-21, 2 pis., 1944) 50 1122.— III. Buckellacris, another new No. Amer. gen. of Hoi- arctic type. (71 : 1-45, 2 pis., 1945) 1.00 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ?. I;: MAY 1946 ys Vol. LVII No. 5 CONTENTS Remington — Insects as food in Japan Drake and Hambleton — New American Tingidae 121 Sherman — Cerambycidae of South Carolina 125 Personal 1-27 James — The dipterous family Tylidae Wene — Additions to checklist of Cicadellidae 131 Notes and News in Entomology Richards — Recent papers on the insect cuticle Present state of some German museums Wolcott collection of Cleridae Correction Notice Review — Mosquitoes of the southern United States 139 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic: S3. 30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19. 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC.. Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII MAY, 1946 No. 5 Insects as Food in Japan By CHARLES L. REMINGTON, Cambridge, Massachusetts The subject of insects as food has long aroused the curiosity of American naturalists, perhaps because eating insects is a custom both foreign and somewhat disgusting to them. An American's "natural" feeling of repugnance in this case is merely one of custom, and has little practical basis, since peoples have eaten insects in all parts of the world, apparently through- out the existence of Homo sapiens. Americans show no hesi- tation in eating crabs, lobsters, and shrimp, all rather closely related to insects as members of the phylum Arthropoda. In some local areas of the world, where other animal foods are not available, insects have become a necessary food, supply- ing needed proteins to the diet of the inhabitants. The writer recently enjoyed hearing a first-hand account of insect eating in one of these areas from Professor Tetsuo Inukai, zoologist of the Hokkaido Imperial University of Sapporo, Japan. Pro- fessor Inukai's home province is Nagano Prefecture in north- central Honshu. Xagano is one of the few wholly inland prov- inces, segregated principally by mountains from ready contact with the sea. The people of the province are unable to get enough fish and meat to fill their protein needs, and they exten- sively tap the insect population. The favorite insect for food in Nagano is the Yellow-jacket Wasp (subg. I'espnla), whose larvae and pupae are highly prized. Pupae of all wasps are eaten when found, but Politics seems to rank next to Vespitla in frequency of occurrence on Japanese menus. In Sapporo the writer saw Vcs^uhi pupae preserved in cans and apparently sold in grocery stores. Pn>- (119) 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 fessor Inukai told of various methods of raiding the ground- nesting Vcspitla colonies for the young forms. One is to place a small charge of gunpowder into the nest entrance with a long stick, light the fuse, and stand hack. After the explosion the wasps are stunned and harmless. A more amusing (to us) method is for the food hunter to divest himself of every shred of clothing. If he moves quietly he may tear up the nest and take the young without being stung, since the vicious little wasps will not sting a nude person. Professor Inukai claimed that he had successfully used this method ! Other very popular insects are all species of Cicadidae (adults), O.rya I'ero.v (called "Inago" in Nagano Prefecture) and practically all other grasshoppers, all crickets (Gryllidae), and all praying mantes (Mantodea). These insects are killed in a hot pan and, like the wasp larvae and pupae, they are preferably cooked by frying. Professor Inukai related that all pupae (other than wasps') taken in the soil are carefully avoided. Apparently some are very poisonous. On the other hand, all insects found in fresh water are edible and delicious. Larvae and aquatic adults of ' Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Ephemerida, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, and others are eaten, unsorted. Aquatic insects are frequently gathered by nets and screens which are held in swift water while the stream bottom above them is agitated, stones moved, and trash stirred. Professor Inukai mentioned par- . ticularly Dytiscns adults and Belostomatidae among aquatic insects commonly eaten. Larvae and pupae of Cerambycidae, Elateridae, and certain other wood-boring beetles, as well as larvae of Cossidae (wood- boring moths) are dug out of dead wood and are valued as food. Lepidoptera pupae not found in the soil are said to be very tasty. One of the commonest and most easily gathered is the pupa of the Hag Moth (Eucleidae), a pest insect whose larvae bear stinging hairs. The pupa of the silkworm (Bombyx mori} is eaten, not only in Nagano Prefecture, but throughout Japan. When the silk is reeled from the cocoons the edible Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 and nourishing pupae remain, and are not discarded. They are fried in fat and salted. While a dinner guest of several zoologists at the Hokkaido Imperial University, the writer was served Boniby.v pupae prepared in this manner. Achieving the rather difficult viewpoint of unprejudiced interest, he found the pupae very delicious, enough so that he determined to in- vestigate the taste of various American Saturniidae, such as Platysamia cccropia, Actias lima, and Tdca polyphemus. Eating insects may have possibilities beyond the food value. Certainly the Hag Moth population of Nagano Prefecture in Japan meets a challenge in the appetites of the insect eaters. Who can tell what crop increases might result from cultivation of a taste for grasshoppers among the inhabitants of the Great Plains region of the United States and Canada? Three New Species and a New Genus of American Tingidae (Hemiptera) By C. J. DRAKE and E. J. HAMBLETON The present paper contains the description of a new genus, three new species and notes on seven species of American Tingidae. The specimens were collected by Edson J. Hamble- ton. The types are in the Drake collection. Teleonemia prunellae, n. sp. Head black, with very short testaceous spines, the hind pair adpressed and a little longer. Rostrum extending beyond meso- sternum, brown, the apex dark. Bucculae areolate, closed in front. Orifice with prominent rim. Legs yellowish brown, the tarsi black. Hypocostal ridge uniseriate, the areolae moderately large. Antennae moderately long, densely clothed with rather long hairs, dark fuscous ; segment I short, scarcely longer or thicker than II ; III slightly more than two and one-half times as long as IV; IV short, scarcely thickened. Leg> brown, the tips of femora and tibiae testaceous, the tarsi black. Pronotum strongly convex, black, shiny, very coarsely pitted, tricarinate ; carinae thin, whitish, indistinctly areolate; later;;! 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 carinae deeply, roundly constricted ; collar moderately long, biseriate, almost truncate in front ; paranota very narrow, thin, whitish ; triangular process areolate, becoming whitish at apex. Elytra moderately constricted beyond middle, grayish, opaque, with numerous areolae dark brown to black-fuscous ; costal area rather narrow, uniseriate ; subcostal area wider, biseriate ; dis- coidal area long, extending beyond middle, with outer boundary nearly straight, widest near middle, there four areolae deep. Length, 3.40 mm. ; width, 0.95 mm. Type (male), allotypc (female), and 16 paratypes, Guate- mala City, GUATEMALA, May 15, 1945, found on Prunella vulgar is. This species is most closely related to T. sclnvarzi Drake (1918) and T. hnachncac Drake (1941) but differs from them by its larger size, smooth, and shiny black pronotum. The former feeds on Bcloperonc calijornica. Tclconciiiia prolixa Stal Numerous specimens, Finca Moca, Guat., July 7, 1945, taken on Cinchona blossoms. Leptodictya tabida Herrick-Schaffer Many specimens, breeds on sugar cane, Esquinta, Guat., June 27, 1945. It is also known to occur on bamboo. Leptodictya bambitsac Drake Common on bamboo, Finca Naranjo, Guat., July 7, 1945. This species is sometimes found on sugar cane. Leptopharsa lincata Champion Numerous specimens, Esquintla, Guat., June 27, 1945. Leptopharsa divisc Champion Many specimens, Mazatenango, Guat., May 16, 1945, an un- determined species of Rubiaceae. Cqrythucha setosa Champion A long series of specimens, collected on an unidentified tree, Guatemala City, June 10, 1945, and Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. May 19, 1945. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 Corythucha deccns (Stal) Several specimens, Guatemala City, Guat., May 15, 1945. CorythucJia gossypii (Fabricius) Very common, Finca Naranjo, Guat., June 13, 1945, taken on Canavalia cnsifonnis. PLIOBYRSA, n. gen. Head short, exposed, with five spines. Antennae long, slen- der, longly pilose; segment I moderately long, stouter and dis- tinctly longer than II, the latter short ; III very long, slenderest; IV moderately long, slightly enlarged. Bucculae reticulate, meeting or nearly meeting in front. Rostral channel uninter- rupted, the laminae low ; rostrum moderately long. Orifice in- distinct. Hypocostal ridge uniseriate. Pronotum moderately convex, finely pitted, tricarinate ; hood small, tectiform. scarcely produced anteriorly ; paranota usually widest opposite humeri, not produced anteriorly or posteriorly ; hind triangular process short, rounded or triangular at apex. Elytra usually gradually widened posteriorly, the tips separated in repose, divided into usual areas ; costal area wide ; discoidal area short, not reaching middle of elytra; nervure separating subcostal and discoidal areas raised so as to form an inflated area. Margins of elytra finely hairy, serrate or nearly smooth, sometimes veinlets finely hairy. Generotype, Pliobvrsa inflata Drake and Hambleton ( — Lcp- topharsa in flat a D. & H.). Leptopliarsa advcrsa Drake and Hambleton and Lcptobyrsa inollincdiac Drake and Hambleton, and perhaps Leptobyrsa translucida Champion are congeneric and are here transferred to the new genus Pliob\rsa. This genus is distinguished from Plcscobyrsa Drake and Poor by the distinctly narrower basal portion of elytra and the nonproduced anterior and posterior margins of paranota. Planibyrsa Drake and Poor lias uni- carinate pronotum and no hood. 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 Pliobyrsa lateris, n. sp. Head black, the spines moderately long testaceous. An- tennae slender, testaceous shortly pilose ; segment I dark fus- cous, thicker and slightly more than twice as long as II, the latter brown; III scarcely more than twice as long as IV, the latter a little thicker and pale brown. Rostrum not reaching middle of mesosternum. Bucculae short, nearly touching in front. Legs rather slender, testaceous. Pronotum dark reddish brown, moderately convex, finely pitted, tricarinate ; median carina testaceous, with dark spot in front, uniseriate, much higher than lateral ; lateral carinae testa- ceous, parallel, low, uniseriate, testaceous ; hood small, testa- ceous, slightly protruding in front ; paranota rounded, moder- ately wide, biseriate in front, uniseriate behind, the outer margin serrate ; triangular process triangular, membraneous, areolate. Elytra broad, testaceous, with transverse dark fuscous band near base, widened at base, the tips separated in repose, the areolae hyaline, the nervures in apical half fuscous ; costal area wide, mostly triseriate ; discoidal area very short, inflated. Length, 2.80 mm.; width, 1.75 mm. Type (male), allotypc (female) and 8 paratypes, Mazate- nango, GUATEMALA, May 16, 1945, E. J. Hambleton. The shorter antennal hairs, higher median carinae and more abruptly widened elytra at base separate it from other members of the genus. Pleseobyrsa ablusa, n. sp. Broad, testaceous, the pronotum brown. Head black, the frontal pair of spines short, brown, directed forward, the median very short, the hind pair greatly reduced. Rostrum yellowish brown, extending to base of mesosternum ; laminae low, testa- ceous. Antennae moderately long, shortly pilose ; segment I thicker and nearly three times as long as II, the latter short and brownish; III very slender, testaceous, two and one half times as long as IV ; IV brownish, slightly thickened, with longer hairs. Bucculae testaceous, closed in front. Orifice present. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 Pronotum moderately convex, coarsely pitted, tricarinate. the calli large, smooth and black ; lateral carinae long, parallel, ex- tending from calli to hind margin of triangular process, indis- tinctly areolate ; median carina faintly higher, the areolae scarcely distinct ; collar short, yellowish brown, slightly elevated at middle ; paranota narrow, testaceous, uniseriate behind, bi- triseriate in front, the front margin roundly protruding ante- riorly, scarcely reaching middle of eyes. Elytra broad, the areolae hyaline ; costal area wide, mostly with five rows of areolae, a narrow transverse band (nervures only) just in front of middle and a transverse vein near base fuscous ; subcostal area very wide, with six rows of areolae in widest part ; dis- coidal area short, very broad, with outer boundary costate and sinuate, widest behind middle, there six areolae deep. Wings short, scarcely longer than abdomen. Abdomen beneath dark fuscous. Legs testaceous. Length. 4.10 mm.; width, 2.85 mm. T\pc, male, Changes. PERU, September, 1912. This species differs from P. peruviana Drake by its narrower paranota, long lateral carinae and much wider subcostal area. The lateral carinae are not present on hind triangular process of pronotum in peruviana. Type in Drake Collection. Notes on Cerambycidae of South Carolina (Coleoptera) BY FRANKLIN SHERMAN,* Clemson College, Clemson, South Carolina Since the writer began faunal survey work in South Carolina in 1925, he has given the family Cerambycidae some special attention. Adults have been collected from flowers, at light >. and on plants in all parts of the state, and a number have been recorded in association with their host-plants by rearing or otherwise. Our records indicate May, June and July as the most produc- tive months for collecting of adults in this state, particularly with * Technical Contribution No. 132 from the South Carolina Experi- ment Station. 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 the flower-frequenting species. The flowers of Jersey tea and wild hydrangea, especially in our mountains, attract the greatest variety of species, with decidedly smaller numbers on flowers of dogwood, wild rose, spirea, elder, daisies, goldenrod, and others. Identifications of many of the species have been made by our- selves, the more difficult ones by Mr. W. S. Fisher and Mr. J. N. Knull, to whom our thanks are due, also to Mr. A. Boving for identification of larvae in a few cases. Our records show a total of 222 species and subspecies re- corded from this state, one of which was obviously an accidental individual introduction. The western tip of South Carolina with mountains attaining 3.600 ft. elevation, shows a strong infusion of northerly and westerly forms, while the eastern coastal area shows an infusion of southerly forms. The main central area of the state gives some mixture of these extremes, plus numerous species which are of wide general distribution in this part of the country. This same condition is exhibited by other faunal groups, i.e., amphib- ians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In about 60 species our records represent an extension of the known range as indicated in Leng's Catalogue. A few new species or varieties (not yet described) have been taken. Our 222 species are distributed among 95 genera, of which 66 genera have only 1 species each in our faunal list. Among the northerly and westerly forms are : Prionns laticollis (Drury) Obn'iun rnbidum Lee. Tcssaropa tcnuipcs (Hald.) Hapalosalia aurata Horn Stromatinm pnbcscens Hald. Hapalosalia ribex Newn. Romalcum rufuluin (Hald.) Plcctrodcra scalator Lee. and Hcterachthcs 4-uiaculatns¥ab. many others Of the more southerly forms there are : Archodontes melanopus (L.) Methia necydalca (Fab.) Dcrobrachns brcvicollis Serv. (others) Scaphlnus iniiticus (Fab.) Callichroina suavcolcns (L.) Crioccpliahts nnbilis Lee. (a beautiful species!) Phychodes trilincatus (L.) and others Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 Of rare or unusual species, or ones at least pleasing to se- cure, there are : Dcrancistnis taslci Buq. Nccydalis inellita Say Ebnria distincta Hald. Physocnomum brerilincnin Ccntrodcra dccolorata Say (Harris) Arhopalus fiilinhians (Fab.) Evodinus inonticola (Rand.) Xylotrechus accrina Fisher Gaurotcs cyanipeiuiis (Say) Xylotrechus tiitidus Horn Leptnra einaryinata L. (very rare, fide Knull) Bellamira scalaris (Say) Anthoboscns ntricola (Oliv.) Enryptera latcralis Oliv. Michthysoma heterodoxum Encyclops cocrulca (Say) Lee. (an "ant-like" species) Purpuricenus hunicralis (Fab.) Cyrtiims pygtnaeits (Hald.) (our smallest cerambycid) For years we searched in vain for the "cloaked knotty-horn" elder borer Desmocents pallia-tits Forst., but in June 1939 we found it quite common on elder in mountain valleys near our northern (the N. C.) border. The most noteworthy recent addition to our list came last year (1945) when Mr. O. L. Cartwright took a series of the large and conspicuous Plectrodera scalator Lee., associated with quak- ing aspen trees in the "sandhills" section of South Carolina ; it seems to be chiefly a Mississippi valley species. Our "accidentally individually introduced" species is Chloro- phorus annnlaris Fabr., from Japan. In August 1934 an adult was caught in the act of emerging from an imported Japanese bamboo fishing-rod in a hardware store in Walhalla, South Carolina, and it was given, still alive, into our possession — an il- lustration of how potentially serious pests may innocently lie spread by commerce. Personal Dr. J. Linsley Gressitt has been separated from the Navy where lie was an entomologist in the U. S. Naval Medical Re- serve Unit No. 2, and is returning to the Lingnan Natural His- tory Survey and Museum and to the Biology Department of Lingnan University, Canton, China. 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 The Dipterous family Tylidae (Micropezidae) in Colorado By MAURICE T. JAMES, Department of Entomology, Colorado Experiment Station, Colorado A. & M. College, Fort Collins, Colo.1 In his review of trie Neriidae and Tylidae (Micropezidae) of America north of Mexico, Cresson 2 recorded seven species as occurring in Colorado. In working over the accumulated mate- rial in the collection of the Colorado A. & M. College, I was able to identify all seven of these species, but no others except for one that is apparently new to science. The present paper is offered for the purpose of describing that species and of add- ing to our knowledge of the geographical distribution of the others. No citations to the literature will be given, since these can easily be found by consulting Cresson's work. The termi- nology corresponds to that used by Cresson, except that I am accepting the Meigen 1800 names as valid and, consequently, adopting the generic name Tylos instead of Micropesa. Tylos lineatus (Van Duzee) This species is common throughout the eastern Colorado plains and into the foothills. At Roggen, it occurs in June. Most records are for elevations under 6,000 feet ; however, I have taken it at Salida (7,050 feet), Aug. 3, 1938. The only record for western Colorado is from Maybell (5,903 feet) but it undoubtedly occurs widely at similar elevations, since it is widespread in Utah. Tylos setaventris (Cresson) Costilla County, July 19, 1932. 1 $. 1 Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Scientific Journal Series Number 207. 2 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. LXIV. pp. 293-366, 1938. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL XRWS 129 Tylos turcanus (Townsend) Common at Roggen, May 19 to June 16, where it occurs in general earlier than T. I in eat its, though overlapping that species in seasonal distribution. The only other localities from which this species is recorded are in Arizona. This is only one of a number of southern species that extend into the sandhills area of the South Platte Valley. Paracalobata univitta (Walker) Cresson's record from "Marysville" should read "Mays- ville." I have several specimens from Fort Collins, June 14 to July 18. Paracalobata pallipes (Say) Widespread east of the Rockies and at lower elevations in the foothills; I have taken it, however, on La Veta Pass (9,378 feet) and at Pingree Park (9,300 feet). Paracalobata mima (Hennig) Apparently common in the mountains, mostly above 8,000 feet. The lowest locality from which 1 have a record is Steam- boat Springs (6,680 feet). In his records of this species, Cresson erroneously stated that Pingree Park is in Pueblo County ; actually, it is in Larimer County, north of Rocky Mountain National Park. Paracalobata microfulcrum, n. sp. <$, J. Head mainly black ; frontale usually narrowly reddish- yellow immediately above base of antennae : parafrontal yellow- anteriorly, gradually darkening to black on posterior half; face and bucca yellow; oral margin chiefly yellow but with some infuscation; proboscis brownish; palpus yellow; antenna yellow. the arista black, sparsely pubescent basally. Entire head cov- ered with cinereous pollen, that of the velvety frontale sparse but evident in an oblique light ; that of the median half of the posterior orbit likewise sparse. Some yellowish pile on face, occiput, and proboscis. Thorax wholly black ; pronotum. hu- merus. pteropleuron. and lower and posterior parts of meso- 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 pleuron shining ; mesonotum with a large subshining area cov- ering most of the postsutural region except the broad margins and extending onto the posterior third of the presutural region, with sometimes extentions forward in the form of one or two indistinct vittae ; thorax otherwise cinereous pollinose. Pile of thorax whitish to yellowish ; bristles black. Halteres yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline ; veins pale yellow. Legs chiefly yel- low ; middle and hind coxae black ; each femur with an exten- sive black posterodorsal vitta, the middle and hind femora being sometimes largely blackish or brownish-black ; hind tibiae usu- ally brownish-black except at extremities ; tarsi sometimes in- fuscated apically. Coxae cinereous-pollinose, legs otherwise subshining. Abdomen black except fulcrum and apical half of claspers, which are yellow ; mostly shining, the first seg- ment cinereous pollinose dorsally, the genital segments of male with sparse cinereous pollen ; hairs scattered, short, whitish. Claspers (fig. 1) of male of ordinary size; terminal lobe oval, flattened, with a triangular lobe extending backward ; fulcrum very small, weakly bilobed. Ovipositor cylindrical, somewhat flattened toward base, distinctly auriculated at base. Length, 5 to 6 mm. FIG. 1 Holotypc, ($, allot y pc, $, and paratopotypcs, 1 <$ , 4 $, Divide, Colorado, July 19, 1937 (M. & H. James) ; paratypes, 1 ^, Florissant, Colo., July 21, 1937 (M. & H. James), and 1 J\ Webster, Colo., Aug. 1, 1938 (M. T. James, Urless Lanhan). Types in the Colorado A. & M. College collection. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131 In Cresson's key this species runs to pallipcs and ininia, but differs from both those species in the much more extensive darkening of the legs and the small size of the fulcrum. The ovipositor is auriculated basally, as in pallipcs, but the lobes are less prominent. Cnodacophora nasoni (Cresson) Apparently a high altitude species, so far as habitats in Colo- rado are concerned. Cresson recorded it from Electra Lake ; I have specimens from Salida, Pingree Park, and Kenosha Pass, all taken in August. Additions to the Checklist of the Cicadellidae at Chatham, Virginia, with Eleven New Records for the State By GKORGE WENE/ Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Field Laboratory, Chatham, Virginia During the summers of 1941 and 1942 leaf hopper collections were continued at Chatham, Virginia. These collections were taken within a two mile radius of the Agricultural Experiment Station Field Laboratory. As in the original checklist by Wene & Dominick (1941 ).'-' the names are brought up to date accord- ing to DeLong & Caldwell (1937).:! Thirty-nine more species were collected in this area, eleven of which have not been recorded before in this state, and can be considered as new records. This makes a total of 104 species 1 Now at the Dept. of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. -WENE, GEORGE, and C. B. DOMINICK. A Checklist of the Cicadellidae at Chatham, Virginia, with Thirteen New Records for the State. Va. Jour. Sci., vol. 2; pp. 122-123. 1941. 3 DELONG, D. M., and J. S. CAI.DWEI.L. Check List of the Cicadellidae (Homoptera) of America, North of Mexico. Ohio State University; pp. i-iv and 1-93. 1937. 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL TSfEws [May, '46 which were collected in this small area. A total of 24 new records were found here also. In the following list of additional species, the new records are marked with an asterisk. Helochara communis Fh. 6-22—4-1. Spangbergiclla me. vie ana Bak. 7-8-41. Osbornellus consors (Uhl.). 7-1-41. Osbornellus scalaris (V. D.). 8-23-41. Osbornellus unicolor (Osb.). 8-23-41. Platymoideus acutits (Say). 6-14—40. Nasutoideus verciindns (V. D.). 8-13—41. Nasittoidcus magdalenis (Prov.). 6-5-40. Polyainia interrupt us DeL. 7-12-41. U tier us col onus (Uhl.). 6-22-41. Ophiola striatula (Fall.). 5-29-41. Amblysellus citrtisii (Fh.). 7-12-41. *Dryli'.r paralldus (V. D.). 6-7-41. *Phlepsius attractus Ball. 5-27-41. Texananus majcstus (Osb. & Ball). 8-15-41. Graminella fitchii (V. D.). 7-26-41. Chlorotettix spatnlatits Osb. & Ball. 6-22-41. Chlorotettix tunicatiis Ball. 8-23-41. Maerosteles wilburi Dorst. 6-26-41. Forcipata loca Del. & Cald. 5-21-41. Empoasca maligna Walsh. 7-25-41. *Einpoasca atrolabes Gill. 6-7-41. *Empoasca unica Prov. 7—9-41. *Empoasca adunca DeL. 6-27-41. Empoasca birdii Godg. 8-18-41. Typhlocyba pomaria Me A. 6-24—41. *Typhlocyba aureotccta (S. & DeL.). 5-27-41. *Enpteryx melissae Curt. 6-20-41. *Hymetta distincta Fair. 6-26-41. Erythroneura vulnerata Fh. 5-21-41. *Erythroneura laivsoniana Bak. 7-1-41. ^Erythroneura nocvits Gill. 6—26—41. Erythroneura obliqua (Say). 8—18-41. Erythroneura morgani (DeL.). 8-23-41. Erythroneura hartii (Gill.). 6-22-41. Erythroneura comes (Say). 7-26-41. Erythroneura tricincta Fh. 7-26-41. Erythroneura vitis (Harr.). 6-30—41. ^Erythroneura oniaska Rob. 8-23-41. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Recent papers on the insect cuticle. It is well known to every entomologist that most insects are highly resistant to wet- ting by water, that is, their cuticle is hydrophobic. Following the work of Kiihnelt (1928), Wigglesworth (1933) and Pryor (1940), this water-repellent property has been attributed to a waxy or at least fatty layer on the outer surface. Sometimes this waxy layer is considered to be the epicuticle, more com- monly the hydrophobic layer is considered to be a waxy layer on the outer surface of the non-chitinous epicuticle. Being hydro- phobic, this waxy layer is commonly thought to control to a large extent the permeability of the cuticle — both control evapo- ration leading to desiccation and control the entry of some con- tact insecticides. Undoubtedly it does play a very important role in this connection as is well illustrated by several recent papers from workers in England. In 1935, Ramsey l reported that the cockroach is covered with a water-resistant grease which deters evaporation at ordinary temperatures, but that if the temperature is raised much above 30° C. (87° F.) the mobile grease layer undergoes a change of phase, its continuity is destroyed, and loss of water by evap- oration ("transpiration) increases tremendously. This has been confirmed and greatly extended in a recent paper by Wig- glesworth.-' Briefly stated. Wigglesworth has studied the loss of water from numerous species of insects (with spiracles plugged to exclude evaporation via the tracheal system) by successive weighings after holding in a dry atmosphere for some hours at various temperatures. For some insects (e.g. larva of the fly Bibio) there is a straight line relationship between tem- perature and weight loss attributable to evaporation, i.e., at any higher temperature water is lost more rapidly just as it would 1 Jour. Exp. Biol., 12: 373-383. 1935. -Jour. Exp. Biol., 21 : 97-114. 1945. 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 be from an open dish on heating. These are insects which lack a waxy coating and normally live perforce in a moist environ- ment. In a dry environment they promptly dry up and die. For many insects, however, evaporation is very slight until a certain "critical temperature" is reached (e.g., cockroach, wire- worms, mealworms, hugs, etc.). As soon as these insects reach this "critical temperature" evaporation suddenly becomes very rapid and the insect dries up. These are insects which possess a waxy coating — they may normally live in either a moist or a dry environment. The "critical temperature" is not the same for all species; in some it is near 30° C. (87° F.), in some near 40° C. (105° F.). in some near 50° C. (123° F.), and in ex- treme cases over 60° C. (140° F.). The simplest way of showing that the effect is not due to vital processes is to repeat the experiments with dead insects. The same results on rates of evaporation are obtained with dead as with living insects (and so for convenience after preliminary validating experiments dead insects were used). It is possible to detect physical changes in the waxy layer after passing the "critical temperature" but an even better method of showing that the waxy layer is the dominant factor in controlling evapora- tion through the cuticle is to scratch or abrade this layer at tem- peratures below that "critical" for the species being used. Once the waxy layer is extensively interrupted evaporation jumps. So it seems reasonable to conclude that when the waxy layer is interrupted in any manner an increased rate of evaporation will result. The layer can be interrupted by heating to the point of phase change or by abrasion or by removal with solvents. All give the same effect. To elucidate the reason for different "critical temperatures" for different species, Beament 3 extracted the waxes from vari- ous species and examined their physical properties. They have different melting points and different phase-change points, and these are correlated with the "critical temperatures" of the spe- cies from which the waxes were extracted. Further, these 3 Jour. Exp. Biol., 21 : 115-131. 1945. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 waxes placed on artificial membranes showed "critical tempera- ture" properties similar to those of the cuticle of the insects from which the wax came. It is also interesting that the nature of the membrane on which the waxes are deposited is important, and that cuticle gives a better binding for insect waxes than for instance tanned gelatin or collodion. An interesting ecological consideration arises from the work on abrasion. Numerous soil-inhabiting insects (e.g. wire- worms) are endowed by nature with a highly water resistant waxy coat but they get this so badly scratched against soil particles that if they are removed from their moist environment they promptly dry up and die. Further, a satisfactory explana- tion of the lethal action of abrasive dusts, commonly used in insecticides, is obvious in similar terms. Most recently, Beament 4 has shown a similar waxy layer on the insect egg shell but in this case the wax layer is on the inside of the shell, not on the outer surface. Being on the inside it is not in a position to be abraded by dusts and can be reached only by chemicals that can first traverse the seven protein layers of the shell. Likely we have here a partial answer to the ques- tion of why numerous good insecticides do not kill eggs. Of course, only a fraction of the properties of the cuticle and only a part of the story of cuticle permeability depend on these waxy coats, but undoubtedly the waxy layer does play an ex- tremely important role in those insects which possess such.— A. GLENN RICHARDS. Present State of Some German Museums. Under the above title Francis J. Griffin, Registrar of the Royal Entomologi- cal Society of London, has contributed an informative summary in the May llth issue of NATURE, his comments being based on an officially approved visit, made to determine definitely what the present condition of at least some of the German museums might be. As many German museums were depositories for great and important entomological collections, particularly rich in type material, any authentic information on their present con- * Nature. 157: 370. 1946. 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 clition is of interest, and an abridged analysis of portions of Dr. Griffin's article is here given for American entomologists who might not have access to the original report. Dr. Griffin summarizes the general condition in "one lasting impression," i.e. "the certainty that it will be many years before anything approaching normal conditions returns to German mu- seums. The destruction of buildings must be seen to be be- lieved, and one may be excused for thinking that there is a good case for abandoning such towns as Cologne, Frankfurt, Stutt- gart and others and building new towns on alternative sites." He adds, however, that "by and large, scientific collections have emerged from the war with relatively little damage since for the most part they were evacuated in time. It has certainly been proved that such a policy was wise. Exhibition collec- tions and teaching material, on the other hand, have usually suffered the fate of the museum or university building in which they were kept, while 'souvenir-hunting' has added to the losses." The Museum at Darmstadt is said to be destroyed, but it was not possible to determine whether the contents had earlier been removed. The same is true of the Museum at Karlsruhe. The building of the Stuttgart Museum is burned out, and the col- lections suffered severely. The most valuable part of the Stutt- gart entomological collection was evacuated to a salt mine at Kochendorf, where it still was in November, 1945, while other parts of the collection were deposited in various castles in the vicinity of Stuttgart. It is thought that none of the Stuttgart entomological types have been lost. Dr. E. Lindner and Dr. Gotz, both entomologists, are still at the Museum. The Niederrheinisches Museum at Duisburg is completely wrecked and its contents are nothing but debris. The Zoolo- gisches Institut building at Bonn is completely destroyed, and the entire collections are said to be lost. These include the Winnertz collection of Diptera, part of the Nees von Esenbeck collection of Hymenoptera, both with type material, and the Bruch collection of Coleoptera, while a portion of the Reichens- perger collection of myrmecophiles was also destroyed. The Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 library of the Naturwissenschaftliches Institut at Gottingen was evacuated to a salt mine at Wolpriehausen and shared the mine with a munition dump. The latter blew up and a portion of the library is believed to be lost. The Institut building is a total loss, but the collection is undamaged. The buildings of the famous Senckenberg Museum at Frank- furt on Main are very seriously damaged, having been burned out and also hit by high explosive bombs. The collections, aside from the exhibition series, were evacuated to more than forty different places, and all but one of these escaped damage, the one being completely destroyed. Apparently no entomological ma- terial was contained in the destroyed section. The library of the Senckenberg Museum was evacuated and is said to be safe. The Deutsches Zoologisches Museum (formerly the Zoolo- gisches Museum der Universitat) at Berlin is very heavily dam- aged. The Russians appointed Drs. H. Bischoff (whose name will long be connected with the Nazi-enforced wanderings of the Wasmann collection of ants) and H. Pohle as directors, and entomologists on the now reduced staff are said to be Drs. M. Hering, W. Ramme, and H. Hedicke, and Messrs. N. J. Kardi- koff and M. Eisentraut. The Museum was declared an in- dependent institution, free from the University, by the Russians in September. 1945. The following entomologists, known for their association with the Berlin Museum, are said to have been alive November, 1945: Drs. Freise, and G. Enderlein, and Messrs. Bluthgen and Hans Wagner. Those said to be dead include Alfken, Max Muller. Engel, Draudt, Urbahn, Hen- ning and Pappenheim. The collections are partially destroyed (estimated loss in entomology one-fifth ), but the main part is safe. Much of the Hering collection of leaf-miners has been destroyed, but many of its bred specimens have been saved. The Staudinger collection, including the Microlepidoptera. is safe. The Museum Library was first evacuated to Altlitz-on- Oder, but, shortly before the Russian advance, was largely re- turned to Berlin, where it now is. Only six cases with tlu-ir contents are, lost, and these are known to have been burned. Working conditions at the Museum are said to be deplorable, 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '46 as no glass for window replacements is available and weather damage is progressively destructive to collections and publica- tions, to the preservation of which the small staff, working under many handicaps, is now largely devoting its energy. The building of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut in Gosslerstrasse (Berlin-Dahlem) is practically undamaged, but the contents were evacuated to Post Blucherhof, Mechlenburg, where they are believed to be intact. The present director Dr. H. Sachtleben is presumed to be at Post Blucherhof with the collection. Wolcott Collection of Cleridae. Mr. Albert Burke Wol- cott. of Downers Grove, Illinois, has presented his collection of 4,740 insects, including types, to the Chicago Natural History Museum, according to Clifford C. Gregg, director. Mr. Wol- cott, a former member of the museum staff, did a great deal of work on the Cleridae and, according to Karl P. Schmidt, chief curator of zoology, this collection will make the museum's representation of those beetles more comprehensive than any other in the western hemisphere. Correction In T. D. A. Cockerell's review on The Adelid Moths of South Africa, the end of the quotation should come at the end of line 28 on page 63 (Vol. '57, no. 2), after the word "sub- genera." After this line, insert the following : but having said this, he proceeds to treat them as genera. Notice Due to various circumstances, the titles of papers from cur- rent entomological literature that are ordinarily found in each issue of the NEWS are omitted but will appear in our next issue. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 Review THE MOSQUITOES OF THE SOUTHERN' UNITED STATES EAST OF OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS, by Stanley J. Carpenter. Woodrow W. Middlekauff and Roy W. Chamberlain, American Midland Naturalist. Monograph 3, 292 pp.. University Press, Notre Dame. Ind-.. May 1946. So overwhelming are the destructive results of war that it is a pleasure to consider such a constructive result as this new book. The 4th Service Command Laboratory at Fort Mc- Pherson, Georgia was the center of mosquito work in the south- eastern states during the war period, and from the great amount of information gained from mosquito control work in this area, the authors have taken the opportunity to produce this excellent hand book. The very fine illustrative work at once catches the attention. Drawings of the larvae and male terminalia are given for all species. Other adult structures are included where they are of diagnostic value. Of the page space for each species about 409r is used for the illustrations, which will indicate the emphasis on this feature. The first 48 pages are devoted to bionomics, relation to disease, techniques of collecting, prepara- tion and storage of material, and general morphology. The re- mainder of the work contains the treatment of 71 species or subspecies together with keys to the adults, the larvae, and the male terminalia. There is also a bibliography of 188 references and a full index. Comparing the widely used reference of King, Bradley, and McNeel l on The Mosquitoes of the Southeastern States very great progress is evident in the completeness of data on bio- nomics, distribution, descriptions and keys. Relatively little, however, has been added in the way of new species and tax- onomy. Considering the three new species or subspecies de- scribed since 1940: specimens of Acdcs jiilrns pollens had been confused with true Acdcs hiiuaciilatits ; Psornplwni lomjipalpHS was likewise confused with P. hJieles crucians or the two species of Orthopodomyia. Some details of form may be questioned, such as, the alpha- betical sequence of species under the subgenera rather than placing the most nearly related species adjacent to one another. It is fortunate that forms of Anopheles crucians are subspecies rather than species and Citlc.r pipicns and quinquefasciatus are so named and thus placed together, but surely if one knows to which subgenus a species belongs he will have little trouble in locating the page without the use of the index. Considering the index we wonder why the page reference was omitted where the species is listed separately and not under the generic name. Generic names come and go and most people prefer to look up the species name directly. Presumably the drawings were made from selected specimens and therefore the value of such draw- ings would have been greatly increased if the geographic locality of the specimen had been given. It is not unlikely that some of the species may become subdivided into races or geographical subspecies, in which case the drawings may become indeter- minate or misleading. For those not directly interested in mos- quitoes this book may be a useful guide as to how other groups of insects might be treated. No publication is ever perfect or will please all people, but surely the authors and the many other persons who have contributed to this book should feel well pleased with the result. — H. R. ROBERTS. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both images and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. I want to collect Pennsylvania insects from York and Adams Co. E. W. Mange, 307 W. Wa'lnut St., Hanover. Pa. Lepidoptera — Wanted, Hyloicus (Sphinx) and other Sphingidae in exchange for U. S. and Wisconsin Lepidoptera. Wm. E. Sicker, 119 Monona Ave., Madison 3, Wisconsin. Hymenoptera-Aculeata (except ants and bees) and Ichneumonidae for exchange or purchase. Will collect any order in exchange. D. G. Shappirio. 4811 17th St.. X\V, Washington 11, D. C. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. Insects Studied Microscopically AT EVERY ANGLE with this Completely Adjustable Holder Available Now for Immediate Shipment at NUSHAWG Biological Supply, Inc. Here's a sturdy, PRACTICAL insect holder for ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED microscopic obser- vation. Simply thrust pinned insect into cork "well" until it is in line with axis of curved arm, then turning knurled knobs you will secure com- plete dorsal and ventral coverage with the insect in constant focus. . Once adjusted, insect's position re- mains fixed, due to split-shaft con- struction. Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. R. de la Torre-Bueno • STAYS IN ANY POSITION • RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1119. — Cresson (E. T. Jr.) — Synopses of No. Amer. Ephydridae. la. Supplement of part I on the subfam. Psilopinae. II. The tribes Hydrelliini, Hydrinini and Ilytheini of the subfam. Notiphilinae, with descr. of n. sps. (70: 159-180, 1944) ... $ ,40 1123. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Indoaustralian Ephydridrae. I. The subfam. Psilo- pinae. (71 : 47-75, 1945)" .60 1127. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of . the Neotropical Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae. (71 : 129-163, 1946) 75 1126. — Rapp (W. F.) — Two new Nemocera Diptera. (Sciaridae and Cecidomyidae). (71 : 125-128, figs., 1946) ..20 THE BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPETID LARVAE By VENIA TARRIS PHILLIPS Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 12, 161 pp., 16 pis., 1946 This is a comprehensive work describing and figuring the important characteristics of the larvae of forty five species of American fruit flies (Diptera). An indispensible work for economic en- tomologists. It includes a glossary of the terms used in the descriptions: a list of 442 species of the family, with their known hosts; a list of their host plants; and an extensive bibliography. The plates contain 192 exquisitely executed figures. Price $5.00 (postpaid, domestic delivery) U. S. Currency, remittance must accompany order. HYMENOPTERA 1118. — Bradley (J. C.) — A preliminary revision of the Pompilinae of the Americas exclusive of the tribe Pompilini. (70: 23-157, 2 pis., 1944) 1.60 LEPIDOPTERA 1125. — Jones (F. M.)— Platoeceticus and a remarkable n. sp. of the genus (Psychidae). (71 : 99-124, 6 pis., 1945) ORTHOPTERA 1121. — Tinkham (E. R.) — Sinochlora, a new tettigoniid gen. from China, with descr. of 5 n. sps. (70: 235-246, 2 pis., 1945) . . .25 1124. — Hebard (M.) — Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mountains in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Virginia, and notes on other Appalachian sps. and recent extensions of the known range of still other southeastern sps. (71: 77-97, 1945) ... .45 1120. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — A revision of the locusts of the group Hy- alopteryges (Acrididae). (70: 181-234, 1 pi., 1944) 1.00 1117. — Rehn and Rehn — Studies of certain Cyrtacanthacridoid gen. (Acrididae). II. Prumnacris, a new No. Amer. gen. of Holarctic type. (70: 1-21, 2 pis., 1944) 50 1122. — III. Buckellacris, another new No. Amer. gen. of Hoi- arctic type. (71 : 1-45, 2 pis., 1945) 1.00 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JUNE 1946 Vol. LVII No. 6 CONTENTS Hatch — Nameability in taxonomy 141 Chermock — Migration in Ascia monuste phileta 144 Rehn — The post-oak locust in New Jersey in 1944 147 Chamberlin — Some millipeds of Georgia 149 Knowlton — A new sagebrush aphid 153 Frota-Pessoa — Drosophila mallochi, nom. nov 155 Wright — A note on Hellgrammites 156 Staebler and Buren — Aedes tortilis in the U. S 157 Notes and News in Entomology The Adams collection of Odonata Personal Entomological Literature Review— British Butterflies , . .>X. fl66 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. Editorial Staff: E. T. CRESSON, JR., E. J. F. MARX, J. A. G. REHN, A. G. RICHARDS, JR., and R. G. SCHMIEDER. 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Authors wishing more than the 25 separates must so advise the Editor or the printer. See bottom of this page. The Editor requests that authors state the number of separates desired in a letter accompanying their manu- script. SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2. SO; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $300 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies. $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at IVi cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC.. Lancaster. Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII JUNE, 1946 No. 6 Nameability in Taxonomy By MELVILLE H. HATCH, University of Washington, Seattle The modern problem of what to name and what not to name in plant and animal classification is a product of evolutionary biology. Previous to Darwin naturalists had sought simply for samples of originally created species. Darwin removed the absolutes of his predecessors. The notion that only individuals exist presented taxonomists with a sheer relativity, that since no two individuals are precisely the same, could end logically only with attaching a separate name to each specimen. The com- plex systems of varieties, color varieties, formae, abberations, etc., such as are found in portions of the lepidopterological and coleopterological literature are the result. The problem of nameability cannot be resolved primarily by reference to the natural objects to be named. It can be solved only by erecting a set of assumptions as to what, in the light of biological phenomena being such as they are, it is useful and expedient to name. Different naming practices can be com- pared and criticized only by making explicit and contrasting the diverse assumptions on which they are more or less uncon- sciously based. Linnaeus derived his practice from the assumption that the organic world has arisen as the result of a series of discrete creative events, and that all the individuals derived from a single such creative event should receive the same specific name. Biologists no longer accept the basic Linnaean assumption and consequently must seek another basis for their nomenclature. Relativists like myself* and others who have espoused the * HATCH, Tour. X. V. Knt. Soc., XXXV. 1V27. p. 341: XIA'III, 1940, pp. J35-J44. (1.41) 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 extensive naming of color forms and aberrations have assumed mere distinguishability as the basis of naming types of living things. I am now convinced that such a practice can end only in the reductio ad absurdum of naming each individual specimen. The alternative to taxonomic "relativism" may be termed "populationalism." To avoid the pitfall of relativism, to ac- count for the circumstance that while no two individuals are the same some resemble each other more than they do others, above all to account for the facts of ecology, taxonomists are led to interpret their individual specimens in terms of "popu- lations." A "population" is a dynamic system. In its entirety (i.e., in respect to all of the members that constitute it) no population can ever be investigated, but a study of individual specimens (which are all we can ever investigate) does give valid information about the population or populations that they represent. In the light of these considerations, I propose that we explicitly assume that only populations merit specific and infraspecific names, not because other classes of specimens may not be recognizable but because in the present state of biologi- cal knowledge, the population is the first system above the level of the individual to possess biological efficacy. There is nothing either new or startling about this position. It is the implied position of most modern taxonomists who have not believed in color-variety-naming. It has been the position in regard to species and subspecies of color-variety-namers like myself, who have merely desired to extend "populational" no- menclature to non-populational classes. I am now convinced, however, that such an extension is not desirable and that such classes should be handled by a nomenclature that is entirely independent of and not continuous with that used to designate populational units. So delimited, the problems of populational taxonomy are ex- tremely complex. Populations vary as do many other natural systems. Some are large; some are small. They may be spatially sharply delimited (species) or they may grade into one another geographically or ecologically (subspecies). Tem- porally they may intergrade likewise, and the paleontologist can never rid himself of the suspicion that, if he had enough data, Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 all his "species" would grade together and his taxonomy would become one of working outward from points on a continuous series rather than one of working within limits of variation, as is now the case. Furthermore, populational taxonomy is ren- dered difficult by the varying amounts of data available on different populations. Some of these difficulties were treated by the author some years ago in a paper in the American Naturalist.* Perhaps it may be no more than the over-enthusiasm of a recent convert, but I suggest that the policy advocated above, that only populations merit specific and infraspecific names, be implemented by resolution of biological and entomological so- cieties, by the refusal of the editors of scientific journals to publish descriptions of undescribed non-populational categories to which Latin name are attached, and eventually by amending the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. I do not in the least suggest that studies in infra-populational variation be discouraged, but merely that they be accompanied by a nomenclature (using letters, numbers, formulae, non-Latin names, etc.) that is independent of populational nomenclature. Finally, there is the mass of infra-populational names already present in the literature. I suggest that such names be con- tinued as nomenclatorially on a par with other trivial names, but that every effort be 'made in accordance with the plan set forth above to reduce or eliminate the formation of such names in the future. Authors who are interested only in populational units will treat infra-populational names as absolute synonyms. Authors who are interested in infra-populational variation, will probably continue to use such names where they are already in existence, since it would usually seem to be unwise to drop al- ready extant names in favor of designations of another sort, as by lettering or numbering. Where extant names are used in an infra-populational sense, they could be placed in quotation marks, e.g., var. "alb in us ]. Doe." A newly discovered albino variety, however, would not be given a Latin name but other- wise designated as var. A : albinistic. * "The Logical Basis of the Species Concept," Aim-r. Xat. I. XXV, 1941, pp. 193-212. 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 Migration in Ascia monuste phileta (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) BY RALPH L. CHERMOCK Ascia monuste phileta (Fabricius) 1 is found throughout the year in southern Florida. Its frequency is characterized by population waves (Term after Timofeeff-Ressovsky, 1939), the high peaks usually occurring in January-February and June- July. The population size decreases between these periods, in some years almost completely disappearing. Occasionally the peaks of high population concentration far exceed the normal range, and huge numbers of adult specimens occur. The author, in February of 1943, observed one of these population swarms in the Miami area. On a half acre of land covered with Spanish needle (Bidens pilosa, L.), a favorite food plant of the adults, over 500 freshly emerged specimens of A.m. phileta could be ob- served feeding at one time. During normal high peaks, 50 to 60 specimens are seen here. This situation was duplicated in other localities in Bade County. Within a few days, specimens of this subspecies in a normal ratio of males and females could be seen flying northward along the city streets and through the pine-palmetto country. They were undoubtedly in the process of migration. In the summer of 1945, the author was collecting on Key Largo and again observed a population swarm. However, in the Miami area simultaneously, only the normal population peak existed. During the following week, numerous specimens of A.m. phileta were again seen heading north along the streets in Miami. Most of these specimens were slightly flown. This same situation was observed in the summer of 1943, when a relatively large migration of this subspecies followed the eastern coast line north from the keys, after a population swarm on Key Largo and Upper Matecumbe Key. Evidently, there was a correlation between the abnormally high peak of population con- centration which the author is designating as a population swarm, 1 This is the name applied to the Floridian subspecies of Ascia monuste (see Comstock, 1943). Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145 and the incidence of migration of A.m.phileta. How can this correlation be explained ? First, we might attempt to find an explanation for a popula- tion swarm. The various Cnicifeme which comprise the food plant of the larval stage of this butterfly are abundant and could support more than the normal larval population. If ecological conditions are satisfactory, it can readily be understood how an extreme increase beyond the normal population size can result in one generation. Although the larval stage can be supported by the environ- ment, a biological pressure is exerted on the increased number of adults. More specimens are found flying in a given area ; and the limited number of flowers on which the adults feed in the area immediately surrounding the location of the larval food plant, is insufficient to support the adult population. As a re- sult, they start moving to other areas in search for a suitable environment for their sustenance. Probably other biological factors exist which encourage this migration, but the need for food is unquestionably an important one. Localities abounding in flowers used as food by the adult A.m.phileta are scattered and surprisingly scarce in south Flor- ida. Population swarms of this species might also be present in these areas or at least the normal high peak of the population wave. Consequently, these localities in turn furnish a state of biological pressure on the migrants, which results in the continu- ation and possible supplementing of the migration. As the limits of the species range are reached by the migrants, the fac- tors which initially started the migration are replaced by biologi- cal pressures exerted by a foreign environment. This could ex- plain the continuation of the migration of this butterfly along the Atlantic seaboard, far out of the normal breeding limits of the species. Ascia uioniistc clcomes (Boisduval & LeConte) was probably established as the result of one of these northern migrations, in which a few specimens were sufficiently adapted to the new en- vironment to survive. Its geographic isolation from the paren- tal stock, along with a new combination of environmental pres- 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 sures, gave rise to characters sufficiently distinct to merit sub- specific designation. However, in the small population existant, degenerative evolution has evidently taken place which has prob- ably led to its extinction (Principle after Wright, 1939), as in- dicated by the lack of recent records. In another species of butterfly found in the south, Papillo cresphontes cresphontes (Cramer), a similar migrant form has become established in central Pennsylvania which probably has adapted itself through the interplay of natural selection and genie variation to its en- vironment, and is increasing in numbers and distribution. It also has developed diagnostic characters sufficient to separate it from the parental stock and can be considered a subspecies, Papilio cresphontes pennsylvanicus (F. H. Chermock & R. L. Chermock, 1945). SUMMARY A possible explanation for the migration of Ascia inonustc phileta is based on an increase in numbers of adult specimens beyond the normal high peaks of the population waves, which condition may be designated as a "Population swarm." This results in biological pressure being exerted on the adults, one element of which is the limited supply of food, thereby giving rise to migration. This process is continuous throughout the extent of the migration, although the character of the biological pressure changes with the change of environment at and beyond the limits of the normal distribution of the species. These mi- grating forms can develop into distinct subspecies if they are able to become established far beyond their normal ranges, if geneti- cally they can develop characters adapting themselves to the new environment through selection, and because of their isolation. BIBLIOGRAPHY CHERMOCK, F. H., & CHERMOCK, R. L. 1945. Two new races of North American butterflies, Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci., vol. XIX. COMSTOCK, W. P. 1943. The genus Ascia in the Antilles, American Museum Novitates, no. 1229. TIMOFEEFF-RESSOVSKY, N. W. 1939. Mutations and geographical varia- tion. In : The new systematics. Oxford. WRIGHT, SEWALL. 1939. The statistical consequences of Mendelian heredity in relation to speciation, in : The new systematics, Oxford. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147 The Post-Oak Locust (Dendrotettix quercus) at Mount Misery, New Jersey, in 1944 (Orthop- tera, Acrididae) By TAMES A. G. REHX, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia In 1938 John W. H. Rehn and I x presented a series of observations on a serious outbreak of the Post-Oak Locust (Dendrotettix qncrcns} in the Mount Misery section of New Jersey, on the Ocean-Burlington County line. In the same paper we reviewed our knowledge of the occurrence of this potentially destructive species in the eastern United States, and also discussed its dimorphism in wing-length. In a letter under date of July 6. 1944, Dr. Emlen P. Darling- ton, to whose interest and cooperation we owed the opportunity to study the 1936 outbreak, advised me that in company with Supervisor J. P. Allen, of the Lebanon State Forest, he had made a preliminary survey of a Dendrotettix infestation in that forest, and that he was mailing me some material then taken. He said the greatest infestation was in the neighborhood of that of 1936. On July 26 I visited the outbreak area with Dr. Darlington and Supervisor Allen, travelling approximately eight miles within the state forest boundaries. The general area of infestation was found to be essentially the same as in 1936, both from our observations then and Supervisor Allen's more regular and critical check-ups in the course of his periodic inspections. The occurrences were spotty, apparently governed by a preference for chestnut oak and similar species, but avoiding scrub oaks. The injury already done was very great in a number of places, trees and some saplings being almost completely defoliated, and the ground conspicuously covered with droppings. The insects by that date, however, were not abundant, being locally common but in no degree as numerous as on August 1, 1936. Some were mating, very few climbing upwards as was so noticeable in 1936, and others, particularly females, were resting quietly on 1 Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., LXIV, pp. 79-95, pis. V-VI. 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 the bark of pines distributed through the oaks. All seen were brachypterous except for three macropterous individuals, two of which, a male and a female, found far apart, were captured. There was no ocular evidence of oviposition, and none of the more than a score of females taken and eviscerated had as vet j any very considerable number of fully formed eggs. Two mag- gots, presumably of Sarcophaga atlanis Aldrich,2 were found in my cyanide bottles when the sixty or so collected specimens were dumped, and one female, when eviscerated, contained a single maggot. Some weeks after my 1944 visit to the Mt. Misery area a letter from Dr. Darlington (dated August 19) advised me that chestnut oaks and other oaks "along the old Browns Mills- Pointville road at the Fort Dix boundary, about one mile north of Browns Mills" had had their foliage denuded. No locusts were found then, "but the work had all the evidence of Dendro- tettix quercus infestation, comparable to that at the Lebanon State Forest." Further Dr. Darlington added, "the trees which were three-fourths or more denuded covered about an acre . . . with some scattered areas in the borders." This indicated an additional 1944 outbreak area approximately six miles north- west of those within the Lebanon State Forest from which our observations had chiefly been drawn. j Whether the periodic outbreaks of Dendrotetti.v in the New Jersey pine-barrens are regularly cyclic, which seems less prob- able, or are due to the relative absence of inhibiting control factors which we as yet do not understand, remains to be deter- mined. Certainly parasitism plays a definite part in the pic- ture, as past evidence shows. The injury this species inflicts in its mass outbreaks on the more desirable species of oaks in the pine-barrens is serious, even if over a limited area, as the defoliation is so severe it is often followed by the death of the trees involved. 1 wish to thank Supervisor Allen and Dr. Darlington for their kindness in calling this outbreak to my attention, and also for their assistance at the time of my visit on July 26. 2 See Rehn and Rehn, idem, p. 88. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 On Some Millipeds of Georgia BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah In a small collection of millipeds made in Georgia by P. W. Fattig of Emory University are representatives of the three new species and the several previously known species listed below. Scoter pcs aitstrinns nudus, new variety A number of specimens taken September 28, 1944, four miles south of Kingston in Saltpeter Cave. Separated from S. aiistrinits Loomis, sensu str., as represented by the types from Manitou Cave, near Fort Payne, Alabama, in lacking terminal claws on the ninth legs of the male. Spirostrephon lactarhiin (Say) One female, presumably this species, also taken in Saltpeter Cave, on September 28, 1944. Spirobolits inaryinatits (Say) Two females referred to this species, one taken at Boston on April 14, 1939, and one on Stone Mountain on August 2, 1936. Saiulus atlantus, new species In general structure of the male gonopods, probably nearest to S. jiunans, occurring in Tennessee, although these differ clearly in details, such as in the shorter inner division or coxa of the anterior pair, the form of the outer or second division, and the form of the posterior pair. See further figures 2, 3, and 4. The form of the collum, stipes of the mandible, etc., of the male as shown in figure 1. At once distinguished from S. jinnans in the larger abruptly bent mucro of the last tergite. (See figures 5 and 6.) This is somewhat shorter in the female than in the male so far as the types show. Number of segments in the male holotype, 53. Diameter, 2.3 mm. 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 Dorsum of chestnut cast, with no median dark line, some lighter spots in transverse series on each side ; the usual lateral series of black spots (repugnatorial glands) ; below the dark- spots the sides are lighter, more or less yellowish in color; feet light yellow. Locality : GEORGIA : Atlanta. A male and female taken De- cember 1, and one female December 2, 1945. M'nnnluria ycoryiana (Bollman) Two males and a female taken on Stone Mountain August 6, 1936. Epeloria atlanta, new species A much smaller form than the generotype, E. talapoosa Chamb., the only other known species of the genus, from which it also differs in the details of the gonopods of the male, such as in the more divergent apical prongs, as shown in the figure. The dorsum in the male holotype is blackish from a network of lines which are across the posterior part of the metazonite and merge into a solid cross band, prozonite also with a dusky EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Saiulits atlantus, new species Fig. 1. Lateral view of lower end of collum, mandible, and first legs of male. • Fig. 2. Anterior gonopods (coleopods) of male, anterior view. Fig. 3. Left posterior gonopod, submesal view. Fig. 4. The same, subectal view. Fig. 6. Posterior end of male, lateral view, showing form of cauda. Saiitlus finnans, Chamberlin Fig. 5. Caudal end, lateral view. Epclnria atlanta, new species Fig. 7. Left gonopod of male, ectoventral view. Pachydesmus denticulatus, new species Fig. 8. Right gonopod of male, ventral aspect. iu. 9. Left U(iiiii|)(i(l of male, subanterior view. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 network or band over light brown ; keels orange or reddish, a narrow band of same color more or less evident across caudal border of metazonites. Legs yellowish. The female allotype is not in full color and does not show the dark coloration on dorsum. Length, about 34 mm., width, 6.5 mm. Locality: GEORGIA: Atlanta, December 1, 1945. A male (holotype) and female (allotype). Pachydesmus denticulatus, new species A large form in which the dorsum, in the preserved types, is dull brown with the outer part of keels yellow. Agreeing most closely in general structure with P. rctrorsits Chamberlin, but differing in the details of the male gonopods. In these the seminiferous blade is similar in general form but has the upper margin finely dentate as shown in the figure. The other branch is less divergent, running subparallel with the semi- niferous blade, and is notably more slender and longer ; similarly furcate distally, but the two prongs proportionately much shorter. See further figures 8 and 9. The sternites are without spinous processes, but on the pos- terior segments present a low, median elevation somewhat com- pressed in the cepholocaudal direction and lying between the posterior legs. First joint of legs not spined. Length of male holotype, 47 mm.; width, 12.5 mm. A male paratype is somewhat wider, 13.2 mm. Locality : GEORGIA : Atlanta. Male holotype, taken April 27, 1939, a male paratype November 4, 1941, another paratype, October 21, 1942, and the female allotype May 26, 1943. All were taken by P. W. Fattig. Enryiirus erythropygus (Brandt) One female referred to this species was taken at Atlanta on April 4, 1939. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS 153 A New Sagebrush Aphid (Homoptera) By GEORGE F. KXOWLTON, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan Artemisias or sages are important browse plants in Utah and over much of the western United States. Aphids frequently infest the sages, sometimes to a damaging extent. Among Epameibaphis aphid material examined recently was found an apparently undescribed species, here described as new. Distri- butional notes on a few additional Artemisia-infesting aphids also are included. KEY TO APTEROUS VIVIPARA 1. Cornicles black atricornis G.-P. Cornicles pale or at most, dusky 2 2. Antennal III lacking sensoria ntaJicnsis K.-S. Antennal III of aptera possessing sensoria 3 3. Antennal III with 1 to 4 sensoria frigidac (Oest.) Antennal III with 5 or more sensoria tJwrnlcyi n. sp. Epameibaphis thornleyi n. sp. Apterous rk'ipara: Color pale; appendages pale, to dusky on distal portions; body 1.37 to 1.45 mm. long; width across ab- domen .71 to .79; through eyes, .395 to .42 with ocular tuber- cles absent or weakly developed ; vertex broadly rounded to flattened, with conspicuous hairs .075 to .079 mm. long and flattened at ends; antennal III, .28 to .3 mm. long with 5 to 6 sensoria; IV, .19 to .238; V, .182 to .205; VI, .11 to .125 plus .38+ (?) (broken); rostrum reaches abdomen; rostral IV + V, .189 to .2 mm. long and slenderly pointed; hind tibiae .79; hind tarsi .126, dusky; cornicles pale to somewhat dusky, .474 to .491. imbricated to knob-shaped apex; cauda .142 long, blunt at apex, pale, with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral hairs. Taxonomy: This species runs to Epameibaphis frigidae (Oestlung) in Knowlton and Smith's key (Proc. Ent. Soc. \Yash. 38: 89, 1936), from which it differs in being larger in size, possessing more sensoria on antennal III, and longer rostral IV + V. 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 Collection: This material was collected on Artemisia triden- tata in Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, September 11, 1941 (G. F. Knowlton), while on a field trip with Mr. F. H. Thornley, in whose honor the species is named. Type in the collection of the writer. EpameibapJiis atriconiis G.-P. A specimen was found in a rockwren's stomach, collected at Dolomite, Utah, September 28, 1941 (Knowlton). Also collected on Artemisia, usually tri- dentata, at Leeds, Utah (Knowlton) ; Snowwater Lake, Ne- vada, August 20, 1943 (Knowlton) ; Lavina, Montana, June 2 and July 2, 1942 (H. F. Thornley) ; Big Horn in May, and Acton, July 1942, in Montana (Thornley) ; Helena, Montana, August 2, 1944 (Knowlton) ; Roundup, Montana, May 26, 1942 (Thornley). E. frigidae (Oestlund) on Artemisia tridentata at Trout Creek, Utah, August 8, 1945 (Knowlton) ; Helena and Lake Helena, Montana, August 3, 1944 (Knowlton) ; on Artemisia at Flagstaff, Arizona, September 23, 1944 (Knowlton) ; White Valley, Millard County, Utah, May 19, 1940 (R. W. Fautin). E. ittahensis K.-S. Collected on Artemisia at Zion National Park, Utah, September 7, 1943 (Knowlton). Aphis artemisicola Williams on Artemisia tridentata at Vernal and Weber Canyon, Utah; North Powder, Oregon, June 17, 1939; Carson City. June 30, Battle Mountain, Carson City and Wells, Nevada, July 1, 1939; Gibson and Ryegate, Montana, August 14, 1942 (H. F. Thornley). A. canae Williams on Artemisia tridentata at Preston, Idaho. June, 1933; Gallatin, Montana. July 15, 1936. A. oregonensis Wilson on Artemisia tridentata at Gallatin, Montana and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, July 15, 1936. Macrosiphum artemisopJiilns K.-A. on Artemisia at Roundup, Montana, June 15, 1942 (H. F. Thornley). M. coweni (Hunter) on Artemisia tridentata at Snowwater Lake, Nevada, August 20, 1943 ; foothills of Raft River Moun- tains, Utah, May 24, 1930; Boise, Idaho, June 16, 1939; Flag- staff, Arizona, September 23, 1944; Grand Canyon of the Snake River, Wyoming, September 11, 1941. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 M. filifoliac G.-P. on Artemisia filifoliae at Mt. Nebo, July 12, and Beaver Mountain, July 10, 1942, in Utah; Judith Gap, June 18, and Roundup, May 26, 1942, in Montana (H. F. Thornley). M. frigidae Oestlund, on Artemisia jrigidae, Teton Pass, Wyoming, September 13, 1941. M. frigidicola (G.-P.) on Artemisia at Acton, Montana, July 1, 1942 (H. F. Thornley). M. jouesi G.-P. on Artemisia at Steamboat Springs, Colo- rado, August 18, 1935; Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, Septem- ber 11, 1941; Beaver Mountain, Utah, July 10, 1942; Allen Canyon, Utah, August 25, 1938. M. Indovicinae (Oestlund) on Artemisia vulgaris at Hubbard Ranch, Nevada, August 20, 1943; Craig, Montana, August 5, 1944; on Artemisia tridcntata in Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, September 11, 1941 ; on A. ludovicianae, Colfax, Washington, August 7, 1944. Drosophila mallochi, nom. ncv. By O. FROTA-PESSOA, Santa Teresa, Rio de Janeiro During a bibliographic revision, I saw that Drosophila lati- I'ittata Malloch, 1924, is a preoccupied name and wrote to Pro- fessor J. R. Malloch about it. He kindly asked me to propose a new name, which is what I am doing in this note. Drosophila mallochi nom. nov. Drosophila latiz'ittata Malloch. 1924 in Malloch & McAtee, 1924 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 37: 36-37. nee Drosophila latirittata Malloch. 1923 Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 48: 618. D. mallochi is a North-American species, while D. latirittata Malloch, 1923. is an Australian one. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 A Note on Hellgrammites in Eastern Tennessee By MIKE WRIGHT, Tusculum College, Greeneville, Tennessee Hellgrammites or larvae of the large and spectacular dobson fly (Corydalis conuitus) are found fairly frequently in the cool, fast flowing streams of eastern Tennessee, particularly in the mountainous section. They are locally known as "grampies" and are highly valued as bass or trout bait. This observer has frequently found specimens while searching for dragonfly nymphs in such streams, usually under larger rocks. According to Comstock's An Introduction to Entomol- ogy (p. 287), these insects spend about three years in their larval stage, leaving the water to pupate under a stone or some other object on or near the bank of the stream. In view of this we wish to report the following interesting observation on the terrestrial wandering of these larvae. On May 11 and 12, 1946, the writer with a party of students stayed at Kinzel Springs, about 25 miles northwest of Gatlin- burg, Tennessee. This resort is located on Little River just outside the Smoky Mountain Reserve. At about 10:30 P.M. several students brought in a large hellgrammite from the road- way just outside the cottage. Further investigation produced two additional larvae, all walking along the same roadbed. The roadbed was some 200 to 300 feet from the river and raised about 15 to 20 feet above the water level of the river. In many places the river bank was gently sloped and contained abundant rocks and other debris suitable for pupation of hellgrammites. Little River was high, due to recent rains, and carried consid- erable silt from upstream cultivated fields, but suitable pupating areas were abundant. We are unable to offer an explanation for this wandering, but note that no hellgrammites were found on land the next morning, although several were taken in the stream. In addi- tion, one large larva was found inside a cottage located on the edge" of the stream, but some 15 feet above the water level. The hellgrammite had crawled up the side of the cottage and through some opening into the bedroom, where it was found wandering about over the floor. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL .\K\VS 157 As larval measurements are not given in our available litera- ture, the following dimensions of the two largest larvae are given herein: total length of body (a) 74 mm., (b) 71 mm.; width of head (a) 10.5 mm., (b) 9 mm. /. eces tortilis (Theobald), a Mosquito New to the United States By ARTHUR E. STAEBLER. S. A. Sanitarian (R) and WILLIAM F. BUREX, Asst. Sanitarian (R), Foreign Quarantine Division, U. S. Public Health Service Aedcs tortilis (Theobald) occurs in the Bahamas, Virgin Islands, and the Greater Antilles. So far as we are aware the species has never been taken in the United States, even on the Florida Keys. On August 28, 1945, a female specimen was captured in a light trap operated by Mr. J. H. Hause, Malaria Control in War Areas at Key West, Florida. As Key West is a port of entry for aircraft, this trap was set up with the co- operation of Mr. Hause by the writers for the purpose of checking on the possible implantation of exotic insects of Public Health interest. Aedes tortilis has also been taken in the routine insect in- spection of aircraft arriving at Miami, Florida, from quarantin- able areas. A total of five dead females has been recovered as follows: September 27, 1944. on a plane from San Juan. Puerto Rico, via Guantanamo, Cuba (2 specimens) ; October 7, 1944, on a plane from Panama Canal Zone via Jamaica (1 specimen) ; August 20, 1945, on a plane from San Juan, Puerto Rico via Camaguey, Cuba (1 specimen) ; November 24, 1945, on a plane from Barranquilla, Colombia via Camaguey, Cuba (1 specimen). There is a possibility that Acdcs tortilis may have been re- cently introduced at Key West by aircraft. The identification of the specimens has been confirmed by Dr. Alan Stone of the U. S. National Museum. 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Julie, '46 Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. » The Adams Collection of Odonata. Dr. Charles C. Adams, lately retired as Director of the New York State Museum, Al- bany, N. Y., has presented his collection of Odonata to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The insects, about 3900 in number, representing at least 337 species, are mostly in paper envelopes. The localities of origin include Illi- nois (Dr. Adams' native State, in which he did much collecting around Bloomington) ; the upper waters of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers (gathered in the course of his investigations of the mollusk lo) ; Gotha, Florida (collected by Adolph Hem- pel) ; Phoenix, Arizona (from R. E. Kunze) ; Intervale, New Hampshire (collected by G. M. Allen) ; Orono, Maine (by F. L. Harvey) ; the Nilgiris, India (by a native collector) ; and many localities of the Old World as received in exchange from the well-known French student of the Odonata, Rene Martin (1846-1925). Many examples from Dr. Adams' collection are recorded in the Odonate section of the Biologia Centrali- Americana. Dr. Adams writes : "The collection was given to the Academy in recognition of Dr. Philip P. Calvert's outstand- ing contribution to our knowledge of Odonata and on account of his generous and friendly relations with all students of these insects." Dr. Calvert has been a Research Fellow in Ento- mology at the Academy for many years. Personal Dr. Donald T. Ries, formerly Park Naturalist at Starved Rock State Park, Utica, Illinois, has recently returned from ac- tive duty with the Sanitary Corps, U. S. Army. He has been appointed Assistant Professor of Biology at Illinois State Nor- mal University, Normal, Illinois, beginning in September 1946. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY CHARLES HODGE IV, EDWIN T. MOUL, MAURICE E. PHILLIPS AND HENRY K. TOWNES JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology', Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k) ; papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — Boyd, William M. — Injurious insects of New Jersey nurseries. | N. J. State Dept. of Agric.] Cir. 355: 5-142, ill. Brues, C. T.— Insect Dietary. Harvard Univ. Press, 1946, pp. xxvi + 466. Guyton, T. L. — Control insects for camp comfort. [Perm. Game News.] 17: 13, 1946. Hutzel, J. M. — Insect control for the Marines. [39] 62: 417-420, 1946. Lhomme, L. — Combating moisture in insect boxes. [37] 10: 228-233. Musgrave, A.— Bibliog- raphy of Australian Entomology. [8] Rapp, W. F., Jr.— The "Generic Name Pandora. [6] 12: 499-500 (*). Wes- enberg-Lund, Dr. C. — Biologic der Susswasserinsekten. Kopenhagen uncl Berlin. 1943, ill., pp. 1-628. On the status of the names Ceraphron Panzer, [1805], and Ceraph- ron Jurine 1807. [30] 2: 495-508. On the type of the genus Polyommatus Latreille. 1804. [30] 2: 509-520. On the type of the genus Agriades Hubner [1819] and it- synonym Latiorina Tutt, 1909. [30] 2: 483-494. On offi- cial list of generic names of Morpho Fabricius, Helicopis Fal>. and Pontia Fab. |30] 2: 5-9. Suspension of the rules for Nymphidium. |30| 2: 459-470. On interpreta- tion of Article 30 of International Code. [30] 2: 471-482. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Armstrong, T. — Differences in life history of codling moth on pear and apple. | 15 1 77: 231-333. Avery, J. L.— Parasitic infec- tions among natives of the Samarai District, Papua. Guinea. [25] 32:25-29. Berjot, E. — Anomalous duration of pupal stage of butterflies. |37| 10: 225-226. Boden- 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 stein, D. — Investigation of the locus of action of DDT in flies (Drosophila). [9] 90: 148-157, ill., 1946. Carlson, J. G. — Protoplasmic viscosity changes in different regions of the grasshopper neuroblast during mitosis. [9] 90: 109- 121, ill., 1946. Cockayne, E. A. — Peroneural Defect in Abraxas grossulariata, L. [21] 58: 45-46, ill. Use, Dora. -The color vision of insects. [34] 65: 68-82. Lindberg, H. — Morphological variations of stylopized cicadas. [28] 23: 144—156. Marcus, H. — Comparative study of mandibu- lar articulation of ants and termites. [1] 2 : 259-284. Marcus, H. — Respiration of ants. [ 1 ] 2 : 307-320. Marcus, H. — Olfactory organs of ants. [1] 2: 441-445. Palmer, E. D. — Intestinal canthariasis due to Tenebrio molitor. [25] 32: 54-55. Richards & Cutkomp.— Correlation be- tween the possession of a chitinous cuticle and sensitivity to DDT. [9] 90: 97-108, 1946. Roeder & Weiant.— The sight of action of DDT in the cockroach. [38] 103: 304- 306. Suomalainen, Eske. — Beitriige zur zytologie der parthenogenetischen insekten. I Coleoptera. [5] Ser. A. 54: no. 7, 1-76, ill. Waterhouse, D. F.— Studies of the Physiology and Toxicology of blowflies. [7] Bui. 191 : 1- 39. Wheeler, L. R. — Hairs on the Bodies and Upper Wing- Surfaces of Butterflies : A Probable Protection Against Cold. [20] 79: 80-87. Williams, R. W. and H. W. Brown. — Transmission of Litomosoides carinii. by tropical rat mite, Liponyssus bacoti. [38] 103: 224. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Bequaert, J. C.- The ticks, or Ixodoidea, of the Northeastern U. S. and East- ern Canada. [18] 25: 73- (k). Brennan, J. M. — New genus and sp. of chigger, Chatia setosa. [25] 32: 132-135. Bryant, E. B. — Some new or little known southern spiders. [35] 52: 178-191 (*), ill. Chamberlin, R. V. & Wilton Ivie. — On several new American spiders. [14] 36: No. 13, 1-15, ill. Cooley & Kohls. — Genus Ixodes in North Amer- ica. [Federal Security Agency. Nat. Inst. of Health Bull.] 184: 1-246, 1945, ill. Ewing, H. E.— Notes' on the taxonomy of three genera of Trombiculid mites, with de- scription of a new genus. [31] 59: 69-72, ill. Keegan, H. L. — Six new mites of the superfamily Parasitoidea. [46] 65: 69-77, ill. Rapp, W. F., Jr.— "(See General.) Schubart, O. — Diplopoda of Pirassununga, Brazil. [1] 2: 321-440 (k*). Strandtmann, R. W. — Atricholaelops sig- modoni, new sp. of mite. [25] 32: 164-169. Ivii, '46] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 SMALLER ORDERS— Banks, N.— Review of Chryso- pidae (Nothoch) of Central America. [35] 52: 139-174 (k*). Clay, T. — The Mallophagan Genus Virgula. [6] 12: 428. Bias Dos Santos, N. — Contribuic,ao ao conheci- mento da fauna de Pirassununga (Sao Paulo). [43] 1 : 15-20, ill. (S) *. Eraser, F. C. — Notes on Amazonian Odonata in Leeds Museum. [47] 96: 11-46 (*). Eraser, F. C. — Lestes spatula, new sp. of dragonfly from the Ar- gentine. [33] 15: 46-48. Hammer, M. — Studies on the Oribatids and Collemboles of Greenland. [27] 141, no. 3, pp. 7-210, ill., 1944. Marcus, H.— (See Anat, etc.) Mel- son, A. — Uber die Entwicklung und Biologic der Trich- opteren. [41 J Suppl. Ed. 17: 255-631, ill. Oksala, Tarvo. — Zytologische studien an Odonaten. [5] Ser. A., IV Biofogica, 59: 1-37. ill. Santos, N, Dias Dos. — Xotas Sobre Brechmorhega tepeacea Calvert, 1909 E Brechmorhoga tepeacea Calvert, 1908. [11] Zoologia No. 56: 1-4, ill. (S). Snodgrass, R. E. — -The skeletal anatomy of fleas (Siphon- aptera). [40] 104: no. 18, 1-89, ill. Vellard, Schiapelli & Gerschman. — South American Theraphosidae. [1] 3: 165- 213 (*). Williner, G. J. — New Cecilidae (Corrodentia). 1 1 ] 2 : 293-299 (s) . HEMIPTERA— Barber, H. G.— Records and descrip- tions of miscellaneous Cuban Hemiptera. [12] 41: 52-61 (*). ill. Blanchard, E. E. — Descriptions and notes on Ar- gentine aphids. [1] 2: 15-62 (*). Carvalho, Jose.— Mi- rideos Neotropicais. N\" — Genero Neoneella Costa Lima, com describees de duas especies novas. [11] Zoologia 54: 1-3, ill. (k) S. Doncaster, J. P. — The shallot aphis, Myzus ascalonicus sp. n. [33] 15:27-31. Evans, J. W. — Natural classification of leaf-hoppers. [47] 96: 47-60. Jacobson, L. A. — Effect of Say stinkbug feeding on wheat. [15] 77: 200. 1945. Knowlton, G. F.— Chermidae Notes. [12] 41: 61. Ruckes, H. — Brochymena obscura (H— S), B. tene- brosa. \Yalker, and P>. parva, a new name. [12] 41 : 41 — 1-4. Sampson, W. — A generic classification of California aphi>l> by means of first instar nymphs. |49| 7: 365-402. ill., 1946. Sheppard, R. W. — Occurrence of mealybug. Pseudo- coccus comstocki (Kww.) at Niagara Falls, Ontario. [15] 77:217. LEPIDOPTERA— Berio, E.— Descrizione dell' arma- tura genitale di alcune Hvpotacha e diagnosi di una nuova specie. [4| 62: 25-29, ill. Bourguin, F. — Metamorpho-i.- of Hypercallia melobaphes Meyr. |1| 3: 135-13C>. Bour- 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 quin, F. — Metamorphosis of Automeris eophila Dognin. [1] 2: 286-291. Cockayne, E. A.— (See Anat., etc.) >ox, Richard M. — Sobre la identidad de la Melinea lucifer Bates, con la descripcion de dos nuevas subspecies (Lepidoptera : Ithomiinae). [10] IX, Nos. 32-33: 154-159, ill. (S). Freeman, H. A. — Notes on some skippers, with new rec- ords for the U. S. (Lepidoptera: Hesperidae). [15] 77: 201. 1945. Gardner, J. C. M.— Larvae of Noctuiclae. [47] 96: 61-72 (k). Hayward, K. L. — Estudios sobre Hespe- ridos Neotropicales. [1] 1: 45-53, ill. Kohler, P. E.- Argentine Noctuidae, subfam. Agrotinae. [1] 3: 59-134 (k*). Leech, H. B. — Flights of Nymphalis californica Bdv. in British Columbia and Alberta in 1945. [15] 77: 203, 1945. McGriffin, W. C. — New descriptions in larvae of forest insects: Nyctobia, Eufedonia (Lepidoptera; Geo- metridae). [15] '77: 197-199, 1945. Nabokov, V.— A Third Species of Echinargus, Nab. (Lycae.). [35] 52: 193. Rapp, W. F., Jr. — (See General.) Schreiter, R. — Notas Entomo-Biologicas y Otras. [1] 1: 7-44, ill. Stempffer, H. — Systematic importance of genitalia. [37] 10: 217-224. Sweetman, H. L. — Further data on the value of hand con- trol of the tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americana Fab. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). [15] 77: 202-203, 1945. Valle, K. J. — Suurperhoset Macrolepidoptera III Yokkoset, Noctuae. [44] ill., 9-483. Wheeler, L. R.— (See Anat., etc.) Williams, R. C. & Hayward, K. J. — Catalog of Hesperiidae of Ecuador. [1] 2: 246. DIPTERA — Albuquerque, D. — Sobre Fannia obscuri- nervis (Stein, 1911). [11] Zoologia No. 57: 1-9, ill. (S). Alexander, C. P. — Records and descriptions of North American crane flies (Diptera) Part VI, Tipuloidea of Ari- zona,-New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas. [2] 35: 484— 531, ill. (*), 1946. Alexander, C. P.— New or little-known Tipulidae (Dipt.) — LXXIV Neotropical Species. [6] 12: 390-419. Alexander, C. P. — Undescribed species of Tupula from W. N. America (Dipt; Tipul.) Part II. [12] 41 : 45- 51. Alexander, C. P. — New Nearctic Crane-flies. (Tipu- lidae : Diptera) Part XXVI. [ 15] 77 : 204-208, 1945. Bick, G. H. — Collections of Mosquitoes on Parris Island During 1945. [24] 39: 89-91. Brooks, A. R.— Revision of North American spp. of Rhodogyne complex. [15] 77: 218-230' (k*). Brooks, A. R. — A new Canadian Tabanus. [15] 77: 234. Carpenter, S. J. & Chamberlain, R. W.— Mosquito collect, at Army Install, in 4th Serv. Command, 1943. [24] Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 39: 82-88. Cortes, R. P. — Chilean spp. of genera Phorocera and Parasetigena. [1] 3: 157-164 (k*). Cresson, E. T., Jr. — A Systematic Annotated Arrangement of the Genera and species of the Neotropical Ephydridae (Diptera) Sub- family Psilopinae. [45] 71 : 129-163 (k*). Fisher, E. G.- Genus Monoclona Mik (Diptera; Mycetophilidae). [29] 175: 1-4, (*), ill. Frey, R.— A new classification of Scia- ridae. [28] 22: 5-44 (*). Frey, R.— Key to the genera of Syrphinae. [28] 25: 152-172. Hauber & Morrissey.- Tanypodinae of Iowa (Diptera) II. Pentaneura guttipennis (V. de Walp). [2] 35: 532-534, 1946. Hull, F. M.— The genus Quichuana Knab (Syrphidae). [2] 1317: 1-17 (Sk*), ifl. Hull, F. M. — Las moscas del genero Mero- macrus (Syrphidae). [10] 9: Nos. 32-33: 104-118 (S*). Matheson, R. — Guide to the Insects of Connecticut Part VI. The Diptera or true flies. [42] Bull. 68: 1-48, ill. (k). Matheson, R. — The Mosquitoes of No. America. Corn- stock, 1944, pp. viii + 314, ill. (k). Melander, A. L.- Nearctic Species of Iteaphila and Apalocnemis. [12] 41: 29-40 (k*). Porter, J. E. — Larva of Uranotaenia syntheta (Diptera: Culicidae). [2] 35: 535-537, ill., 1946.' Rapp, W. F. J. — Types of genera and subgenera of Pipunculidae. [15] 77: 209' 1945. Rapp, W. F., Jr.— Two new Nemocera Diptera (Sciaridae & Ceciclomyidae). [45] 71: 125-128 (k), ill. Rapp, W. F., Jr. — (See General.) Rozeboom & Knight. — The punctulatus complex of Anopheles. [25] 32: 95-131. Seguy, E. — Etudes sur les mouches parasite-. [Encyclopedic Entomologique, Paris, 1941] 21: 1—136 (k*). Soukup, J. — Lista de los Dipteros peruanos descritos en los ullimos anos. [10] IX, Nos. 32-33: 119-142 (S). ORTHOPTERA— Isely, F. B.— Differential feeding in relation to local distribution of grasshoppers. [17| 27: 128-138. Key, K. H. L. — General ecological characteristics of the outbreak areas and outbreak years of the Australian plague locust. [7] Bull. 186: 1-127, ill. Liebermann, J.- Synopsis of the genus Psiloscirtus Bruner. [1] 3: 151- 156. Liebermann, J. — Callonotacris caeruleipennis n. sp. from Brazil. [1] 2: 247-253. Liebermann, J. — Los acri- doideos de Chile. [36] 48: 161-316, ill.. 1945. Piran, A. A. — Machima phyllacantha recorded in Argentina. [1] 2: 5-7. Piran, A. — Catalog of Argentine mole cricket-. [1] 3: 141-150. Woodson, W. D.— Jerusalem cricket. [22] 10: 144-147. 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 COLEPTERA— Bagal, S. R.— Life history and bionom- ics of two predaceous and one mycophagous species of Coccinellidae. [23] 45 : 566-575, ill. Bridwell, J. C.— The genera of beetles of the family Bruchidae in America north of Mexico. [26] 36: 52-57. Doucette, C. F. and Latta, R.— The lily weevil, etc. [48] Circ. 746: 1-24, ill. Frost, C. A.— Notes on Maine Coleoptera for 1945. [35] 52: 177. Hicks, S. D. — Additional notes on Coleoptera taken in Essex County, Ontario. [15] 77: 214, 1945. Khatib, S. M. H. — Studies in Galerucinae. External morphology of Galerucella birmanica (Jacoby), Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Phytophaga, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae. [32] 23: 1-38 ill., 1946. Landin, B. O. — Studies of some Aphodius. [19] 67: 66-75 (k). Lepesme, P. — Les Coleopteres. [En- cyclopedic Entomologique, Paris, 1944] 22: 1-334. Mac- Nay, C. G. — Occurrence in North America of the European Staphylinid Deleaster dichrous Grav. [15] 77: 213, 1945. Park, O. — Checklist of Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) known from Guatemala. [13] 7: 457-468, 1946. Rapp, W. F., Jr. —(See General.) Saylor, L. W. — Synoptic revision of the United States Scarab beetles (Dynastinae). [26] 36: 41- 45, ill. (k). Straneo, S. L. — Studi sul genere Abacetus Dej. [4] 25: 162-187, ill. (*). HYMENOPTERA— Benson, R. B.— European genera of Tenthredininae. [33] 15:33-40. Blanchard, E. E.— Two new spp. of Argentine Blastophaga. [1] 2: 301-305. Guiglia, D. — Catalogo degli Orissidi di tutto il mondo. [4] 25: 85-111. Marcus, H.— (See Anat., etc.) Pate, V. S. L. — North American species of the genus Lestiphorus (Hymenoptera : Sphecidae : Gorytini). [15] 77: 210-213 (k), 1946. Popov, V. V. — Zoogeography and some mor- phological peculiarities of the family Trigonaloidae. [16] : 72-74. Richards, O. W. — Nomada flava Panz. and the strains of N. panzeri Lepelet. [33] 15: 17-26 (k). Talbot, Mary. — Daily fluctuations in aboveground activity of ants. [17] 27:65-70. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Acta Zoologica Lilluoana. 2. — Amer. Midland Nat. 3. — Amer. Museum Novitates. 4. — Ann. del Mus. Civ. di Storia Nat. Giacomo Doria. 5. — Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennicae. 6.— Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 7. — Australian Commonw. Council for Sci. & Ind. Res. 8. — Australian Museum. 9. — Biological Bulletin. 10. — Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 Prado. 11. — Bol. do Mus. Nacional N. S. Rio de Janeiro. 12.— Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 13.— Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci. 14. — Bull, of the Univ. of Utah. 15. — Canadian Entomolo- gist. 16.— C. R. (Doklady), Acad. Sci. URSS. (N. Sev.). 17. — Ecology. 18. — Entomologia Americana. 19. — Ento- mologisk Tidskrift. 20. — Entomologist. 21. — Entom. Rec- ord & Jour. Variation. 22. — Frontiers. 23. — Jour. Bom- bay Xat. Hist. Soc. 24. — Jour. Economic Entom. 25.— Jour, of Parasitology. 26. — Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27.— Meddelelser Om Gronland. 28. — Notulae Entomologicae. 29. — Notulae Naturae. 30. — Opinions and Declarations, Internat. Com. Zool. Nomen. 31. — Proc. Biolog. Soc. Wash. 32.— Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 33.— Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., B. 34. — Proc. Roy. Philos. Soc. Glasgow. 35.— Psyche. 36. — Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 37. — Revue franchise de Lepidopterologie. 38. — Science. 39. — Scien- tific Monthly. 40. — Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 41.— Sonder- druck aus dem Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. 42. — State Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. Conn. 43. — Summa Brasiliensis Bi- plogiae. 44. — Suomen Elaimet Animalia Fennica. 45.— Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 46. — Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 47. — Trans. Roy. Entom. Soc. London. 48. — United States Dept. Agric. 49. — Univ. Calif. Pub. in Entom. British Butterflies The British Islands have a biota which is of extraordinary interest whether regarded from the aesthetic or purely scientific point of view. The flowers, the birds, the butterflies and moths, the snails, are extremely beautiful, and give much pleasure to those able to appreciate them. But at the same time there is perhaps no part of the world which illustrates so well the mi- grations and variations of species, the events taking place since the glacial period or periods, when most of the country was covered with ice. It was a happy thought to found a new series of books, under the title of The New Naturalist, to set forth the essence of all this, including the observed facts, and modern theories of genetics ; to present the best results of scien- tific work in such a way that any intelligent person could under- stand. At the same time, the sense and enjoyment of beauty is well satisfied by exquisite colored plates. 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '46 With this ambitious purpose the problem naturally arose, how could men be found to write the books ? They must not be mere compilers, they must know nature out-of-doors, and yet they must have understanding of theoretical matters sufficient to interpret the observations made in the field. At the same time they must be good writers. Whether these conditions can be met in the case of the numerous other volumes proposed, re- mains to be seen, but certainly the first author, Dr. E. B. Ford of the University of Oxford abundantly satisfies all these re- quirements. The book is so interesting and stimulating that one would like to discuss it at great length, but some idea of its contents can be got from the chapter headings. The History of British Butterfly Collecting. The Structure and Develop- ments of Butterflies. The Senses and Colours of Butterflies. The Principles of Classification. Habits and Protective De- vices. Relations with Other Insects. Distribution. Dispersal. Theoretical Genetics. Practical Genetics and Breeding. Ge- netic Interactions. Evolution. The Races and Subspecies of British Butterflies. The Origin of the British Butterfly Fauna. There are numerous maps showing distribution. Long ago, I was called upon to assist Alfred Russel Wallace in the preparation of a new edition of his ISLAND LIFE. Wal- lace considered that there ought to be a number of races of British animals evolving in Pleistocene or Pliocene times. At that time there was a very strong prejudice against such an idea and as we now think of it, it seems extraordinary that we were so blind as to the actual facts, whether relating to mammals, birds or insects. Among the butterflies, striking abberations were prized by collectors, and given names, but the relatively inconspicuous differences between subspecies were overlooked. Thus the English race of the swallow-tail, Papilio machaon, is said by Ford to constitute a distinct subspecies which cannot be confused with any other. It is beautifully illustrated in the book, and at the same time the French race for comparison. But this British insect was named subsp. britannicus by Seitz, in a German work in quite modern times. The price of the book is only 16 shillings, though it has 368 pages and very many illustrations. It is published by Collins, 14 St. James' Place, London. — T. D. A. COCKERELL. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both images and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. Lepidoptera — Wanted, Hyloicus (Sphinx) and other Sphingidae in exchange for U. S. and Wisconsin Lepidoptera. Wm. E. Sicker, 119 Monona Ave., Madison 3, Wisconsin. Hymenoptera-Aculeata (except ants and bees) and Ichneumonidae for exchange or purchase. Will collect any order in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N\V, Washington 11. D. C. Wanted — Oriental Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae for determi- nation and research purposes: China, India, Philippines, Pacific. Will purchase from China, Assam, Burma, Siam, Formosa. Will exchange identified Chinese insects. J. Linsley Gressitt, Lingnan University, Canton, China. Insects Studied Microscopically AT EVERY ANGLE with this Completely Adjustable Holder Available Now for Immediate Shipment at NUSHAWG Biological Supply, Inc. Here's a sturdy, PRACTICAL insect holder for ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED microscopic obser- vation. Simply thrust pinned insect into cork "well" until it is in line with axis of curved arm, then turning knurled knobs you will secure com- plete dorsal and ventral coverage with the insect in constant focus. Once adjusted, insect's position re- mains fixed, due to split-shaft con- struction. Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. R. de la Torre-Bueno STAYS IN ANY POSITION RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for tbe general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozcboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE • FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1119. — Cresson (E. T. Jr.) — Synopses of No. Amer. Ephydridae. la. Supplement of part I on the subfani. Psilopinae. II. The tribes Hydrelliini, Hydrinini and Ilytheini of the subfam. Notiphilinae, with descr. of n. sps. (70: 159-180, 1944) ... $ .40 1123. — -A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Indoaustralian Ephydridrae. I. The subfam. Psilo- pinae. (71: 47-75, 1945) 60 1127. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Neotropical Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae. (71 : 129-163, 1946) 75 1126. — Rapp (W. F.) — Two new Nemocera Diptera. (Sciaridae and Cecidomyidae). (71 : 125-128, figs., 1946) 20 THE BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPETID LARVAE By VENIA TARRIS PHILLIPS Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 12, 161 pp., 16 pis., 1946 This is a comprehensive work describing and figuring the important characteristics of the larvae of forty five species of American fruit flies (Diptera). An indispensible work for economic en- tomologists. It includes a glossary of the terms used in the descriptions; a list of 442 species of the family, with their known hosts; a list of their host plants; and an extensive bibliography. The plates contain 192 exquisitely executed figures. Price $5.00 (postpaid, domestic delivery) U. S. Currency, remittance must accompany order. HYMENOPTERA 1118. — Bradley (J. C.) — A preliminary revision of the Pompilinae of the Americas exclusive of the tribe Pompilini. (70: 23-157, 2 pis., 1944) 1.60 LEPIDOPTERA 1125. — Jones (F. M.) — Platoeceticus and a remarkable n. sp. of the genus (Psychidae). (71 : 99-124, 6 pis., 1945) ORTHOPTERA 1121. — Tinkham (E. R.) — Sinochlora, a new tettigoniid gen. from China, with descr. of 5 n. sps. (70: 235-246, 2 pis., 1945) . . .25 1124. — Hebard (M.) — Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mountains in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Virginia, and notes on other Appalachian sps. and recent extensions of the known range of still other southeastern sps. (71: 77-97, 1945) ... .45 1120. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — A revision of the locusts of the group Hy- alopteryges (Acrididae). (70: 181-234, 1 pi., 1944) 1.00 1117. — Rehn and Rehn — Studies of certain Cyrtacanthacridoid gen. (Acrididae). II. Prumnacris, a new No. Amer. gen. of Holarctic type. (70: 1-21, 2 pis., 1944) 50 1122. — III. Buckellacris, another new No. Amer. gen. of Hoi- arctic type. (71 : 1-45, 2 pis., 1945) 1.00 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JULY 1946 .. Vol. LVII No. 7 CONTENTS Bell — Koswell Carter Williams, Jr Crowell — An amphibious cockroach from Panama Alexander — Undescribed crane-flies, Part VI 173 Brescia ct al — Toxicity of DDT. Insect balance 180 Notes and News in Entomology Kuala Lumpur 183 The Hoffman collection 184 Cornell University 184 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BV THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. 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THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC.. Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII, PLATE 1 ROSWELL CARTER WILLIAMS, JR. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII JULY, 1946 No. 7 Roswell Carter Williams, Jr. Mr. Williams was born in Brooklyn, New York, on August 21st, 1869 and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 7th, 1946. He was in his seventy-seventh year. He attended the Adelphi Academy in Brooklyn, graduating with a B.S. de- gree, and then entered Cornell University from which he gradu- ated in 1892 with an M.E. degree. He was associated with Charles P. Steinmetz in the development of the "Three Phase Power Transmission" experimental work. He removed to Philadelphia and about 1896 entered the electric engineering and contracting firm of J. F. Buchanan & Company as a partner, and remained a member of that firm until his retirement from business in 1918. In World War I, Mr. Williams volunteered for war service and received the appointment of Captain in the Ordnance De- partment. He was appointed by Congress on the Board of Adjustment to represent the Government at Nitro, West Vir- ginia and served throughout the war. Mr. Williams was long very much interested in natural his- tory, especially in the study of Lepidoptera, and for many years up until the time of his death was actively associated with the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and with the American Entomological Society. He was elected an annual member of the Academy on November 26th, 1901, became an Associate Sustaining Member on February 21st, 1928, and a Sustaining Member on January 16th, 1929. He served as a member of the Scientific Council of the Academy from De- cember, 1(>2(), until his death. He was Chairman of the Com- mittee on Accounts of the Academy from December, 1922, to (167) pi 25 '4-6 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, '46 October, 1924, when through a reorganization of the operations of the Academy the Committee was discontinued. In 1922 he was elected by the Council of the Academy to the post of Re- search Associate in the Department of Entomology which he held to the time of his death. Mr. Williams was elected a member of the American Entomo- logical Society on March 25th, 1915 and served three periods as its Recording Secretary, i.e. 1916-1918, 1920, and 1922-1924. He was President of the Society the years 1926 to 1935 and as ex-President was a member of its Council up to the time of his death. At various times he served as a member of the Society's Finance Committee and of its Publication Committee. In his studies of Lepidoptera, Mr. Williams was principally interested in the family of butterflies known as the Hesperiidae, and about these published numerous papers and described for the first time many species new to science. He was particularly interested in these butterflies from the tropical regions of Amer- ica, but also did considerable work with those of the North American fauna. He had many correspondents in Central and South America who sent him specimens from various countries. His earliest publication known to the writer was in ENTOMO- LOGICAL NEWS, xxv, 1914, in which he described a new form of hesperid. For several years up to the time of Dr. Henry Skinner's death in 1926, Mr. Williams worked intimately with him and collabo- rated with him in writing a comprehensive work on the male genitalia of the North American Hesperiidae, illustrated by drawings from nearly all the then known species occurring north of the Mexican border, and with the description of a new species. Under the title of "On the Male Genitalia of the Hesperiidae of North America" their work was published as a series of papers in the Transactions of the American Entomo- logical Society, XLVIII, 1922-1923, XLIX, 1923, and L, 1924. These are the first and only publications of this kind dealing entirely with the North American species of Hesperiidae. The illustrations and much other data provide great assistance to students of these butterflies. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169 Mr. Williams was keenly interested in the study of the male genitalia of Hesperiidae as a means of certain identification of species and most of his works are well illustrated with drawings of these structures. He published his "Studies in the Neo- tropical Hesperiidae" in the Transactions of the American Ento- mological Society in two parts, LIT, 1926 and LIII. 1927, the first part dealing with the genus Eudamus and the second part with several other genera. These papers contain descriptions of several new species and one new genus and a great deal of data on various other species and include drawings and two plates in each part of very exact and beautiful figures in natural color of the insects themselves. He also published in the Transactions, LVII, 1931, a paper entitled "Two New Hes- perids from Ecuador" illustrated with drawings and colored figures of the two species. He also published another paper entitled "A New Hesperid from Mexico" in the Transactions, LIX, 1933. with a plate of black and white figures. In 1929 a small group of collectors, in which Mr. Williams participated, sent Mr. Orazio Querci to Cuba to collect Lepi- doptera, and on the Hesperiidae taken on this expedition Mr. Williams published a paper in the Transactions of the Ameri- can Entomological Society, LVII, 1931, entitled "Cuban Hes- periidae." This paper is illustrated with drawings, a chart showing species and dates of capture and one plate of fifteen figures of butterflies in their natural color. Mr. Williams joined with Dr. A. W. Lindsey and the writer in compiling a revised edition of "The Hesperioidea of North America," which was published in the Denison University Bul- letin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, XXVI, 1931. Mr. Williams and the writer worked together on many prob- lems concerning the American Hesperiidae and jointly published several papers which appeared in the Transactions of the Ameri- can Entomological Society. These papers are "Short Studies in American Hesperiidae," LVI, 1930; "Studies in the Ameri- can Hesperioidea," in four parts, LIX, 1933, LX, January, May and September, 1934; "New Species of Pellicia with Re- marks on the Genus," LXV, 1939; "New Neotropical Hes- 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '46 periidae and Notes on Others," LXVI, 1940, all of which are illustrated with drawings. In 1926 Mr. Williams participated in organizing an expedi- tion to the Guianas to collect insects, and early in 1927 Dr. W. T. M. Forbes of Cornell University and his associate Dr. P. P. Babiy were sent to Dutch and British Guiana with short stops in some of the West Indies. They spent several months collecting and on the Hesperiidae taken by them a joint paper was published by Mr. Williams and the writer entitled "Hes- periidae of the Forbes Expedition to Dutch and British Guiana." This paper appeared in the Transactions of the American Ento- mological Society, LVII, 1931, and in it several new species are described and it is illustrated with many drawings and one plate of colored figures. Mr. Williams and Mr. Kenneth J. Hayward, of Tucuman, Argentina, jointly compiled the "Hesperiidarum Rei Publicae Aequatoris Catalogus" published at Tucuman in De Acta Zo- ologica Lilloana del Institute Miguel Lillo, II, 1944. In this work they presented a catalogue of all the known species of Hes- periidae occurring in Ecuador, with a long bibliography and de- tails of the localities from which the insects came. To the writer's knowledge, Mr. Williams spent a great deal of time over several years in research and in compiling the information for this catalogue from the large amount of Ecuadorean mate- rial in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Two weeks before his death Mr. Williams completed assem- bling specimens of butterflies for a map showing their distribu- tion in the United States, which has been published in the July issue of the "Holiday" magazine and this, his last contribution to the Science of Entomology, is a tribute to his many years of interest in it. The writer's own intimate friendship with Mr. Williams be- gan nearly twenty-five years ago while he was working with Dr. Skinner on their papers, and over this long period of years it was always of the greatest pleasure to work with him on prob- lems of mutual interest, much of it done by correspondence, but many very happy hours were spent with him and his family at Ivii, '46 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 their home and with him at the Academy of Natural Sciences. He was a cheerful, courteous, unassuming man, a loving hus- band, a devoted father, a loyal friend, a patriotic, upstanding citizen of his Country ; he was "Roz" to his host of friends and by them his memory will be cherished so long as they live. Surviving him are his wife, Carrie Hamsher Williams, and four sons: Roswell Carter III, Hamilton, Arthur P., Lieu- tenant Charles M., U.S.N. ERNEST L. BELL Notes on an Amphibious Cockroach from the Republic of Panama By H. H. CROWELL, Assistant Entomologist, Oregon Agri- cultural Experiment Station, Corvallis While dipping for mosquito larvae in a lagoon of the Rio Chilibre near the Panama Canal Zone boundary in January, 1944, the writer found the nymph of a medium-sized roach. The insect was, at first glance, thought to be an hemipterous water bug, since it was swimming rapidly around in the dipper beneath floating scraps of vegetation. It was transferred to a jar of water and taken alive to the writer's home in Ancon, Canal Zone. A battery jar aquarium was fitted out with the floating aquatic plants Piaropns crassipcs (water-hyacinth) and Jnssiaca nataus, which were the predominant plants in the la- goon. Food, in the form of "Pablum"*(baby food — known to be eaten readily by certain household roaches), was offered to the nymph by floating it on sections of cork. Both the "Pablum" and the small round leaves of the Jussiacu were fed upon, but not while the roach was under observation. About two weeks after its capture, the roach molted into an adult, winged female. The nymphal skin was not found, so it was assumed that it had been eaten — a common procedure for roaches. During the time the roach was under observation in the aquarium, it was induced several time to submerge, volun- tarily, by passing the shadow of one's hand over it or by touch- ing it lightly with the end of a pencil. When disturbed, the 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J^ty? '46 roach (both in the nymphal and in the adult stages) dived into the water from the floating vegetation and swam around the jar rapidly for a minute or two well below the surface of the water. If not disturbed further, the roach clung to the dangling roots of the aquatic plants and remained quiescent for as long as fif- teen minutes, on two occasions, before climbing to the surface and thrusting forth its antennae and head. In this position it often remained quiescent for five or more minutes before emerg- ing completely. When the roach was quiet under the water, a large bubble of air could be seen trapped beneath the pronotal shield. The adult specimen was sent to the National Museum and was identified by Dr. H. K. Townes as Epilampra abdomen- nigntni (DeG.). Subsequent mosquito collecting trips to the Chilibre lagoon revealed no additional specimens of this species in the aquatic vegetation. One specimen of an unknown spe- cies was dipped on one trip, but it escaped before it could be transferred to a suitable container. Since returning to the United States the writer has received some very interesting information concerning the amphibious habits of roaches from correspondence with Mr. James A. G. Rehn, Curator of Insects at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, Entomologist with the Division of Insect Identification in Washington. Dr. Rehn was very familiar with this species, having had considerable to do with clearing up its much involved synonymy and working out its distribution. Epilampra abdomen-nigrum occurs from southern Mexico to Amazonia and through the Lesser Antilles, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. Although this species has been col- lected on the mainland more abundantly, probably, than any other species of the genus, the amphibious life habits have not been specifically noted for it or for any other related form from Panama. Aquatic habits have been noted, however, for other species of Epilampra and relatives of the genus since 1900, when Annandale recorded observations on adults of a Malayan species of Epilampra. Since then there have been a number of re- corded observations of amphibious habits in blattids from both the Eastern and American tropics, largely in genera of the family Epilamprinae. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the West- ern United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipuli- dae). Part VI BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Massachusetts The preceding part under this title was published in ENTO- MOLOGICAL NEWS, 57: 65-71, 1946. At this time I am charac- terizing three further species from California and Idaho, all be- •longing to the major genus Ti[>nla. Acknowledgement for these specimens is given under the individual species. Tipula (Oreomyza) inyoensis new species Belongs to the borcalis (itnca) group; mesonotal praescutum yellow, with four more reddish brown stripes, the intermediate pair approximated or confluent in front; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly yellow; pleura and pleurotergite entirely yellow; femora yellow, the tips narrowly and weakly darkened ; wings with a strong brownish tinge, more yellowed on basal third, with- out clearly defined pattern ; basal abdominal segments chiefly yellow, the outer ones more darkened ; ninth tergite with the median portion produced, its margin gently emarginate, on either side beneath with a slender blackened rod ; inner dististyle with the beak unusually slender, blackened, extended straight backward into the dorsal crest ; lateral appendage very reduced, somewhat as in imuicra, without a pendulous lower process nr a claw-like middle one ; upper process a conspicuous blackened clavate lobe ; gonapaphysis appearing as a flattened blade. (j\ Length about 15 mm.; wing 13 mm.; antenna about 5.J mm. $. Length about 15 mm.; wing 12.2 nun. Frontal prolongation oi head obscure yellow, paler beneath; nasus very long, tufted with long black setae ; palpi obscure testaceous yellow, the terminal segment more infuscated. An- tennae (male) long; scape, pedicel and extreme base of first flagellar segment obscure yellow, remainder of flagellum black, 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '46 the extreme bases of the more proximal segments paler ; flagellar segments elongate, gently incised, longer than any of the verti- cils. Head above brownish gray, clearer gray in front, more yellowed behind ; posterior vertex more infuscated, with a vague darker median vitta. Pronotum infuscated medially above, obscure yellow on sides. Mesonotal praescutum with the ground color yellow, with four more reddish brown stripes, the intermediate pair approximated or confluent in front, obliterating the central pale vitta; outer borders of both intermediate and lateral stripes vaguely bordered by darker ; scutum yellow medially, the lobes extensively grayish brown ; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly yellow, the scutellum with a capillary brown median vitta, this less evident on the scutum ; mediotergite more reddened on sides of posterior third. Pleura and pleurotergite yellow, unpatterned. Halteres writh stem yellowish brown, the extreme base yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow ; femora yellow, the tips narrowly and weakly darkened, most evidently so on the outer face ; tibiae obscure brownish yellow, the tips narrowly darkened ; tarsi black, basitarsi restrictedly paler on proximal portions ; claws hairy, simple. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, more yellowed on basal third, without clearly defined pat- tern, the prearcular and costal fields most evidently so ; stigma brownish yellow, vaguely bordered by darker ; a scarcely evi- dent pattern in the basal cells, particularly M and Cn ; oblitera- tive areas restricted ; veins brown, paler in the more brightened fields. Venation : Rs long, about three-fourths longer than m- c u ; Ri + .,. entire ; in about twice the petiole of cell M^. Abdomen chiefly yellow on basal segments, the outer ones more suffused, on the subtefminal segments the sublateral por- tions more darkened ; hypopygium chiefly yellowish brown on tergite and styli, the eighth sternite pale. Male hypopygium with the median portion of the ninth tergite slightly produced, its caudal margin gently emarginate ; from the lower surface on either side arises a slender blackened rod. Outer dististyle flattened, its apex truncate. Inner dististyle with the beak un- Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 usually slender, blackened, extended straight backward into the dorsal crest; lower beak very deep, its upper outer angle more blackened and produced into a short point ; dorsal crest with numerous setae, on the outer face more emarginate and pro- duced into a conspicuous lobe that is tufted with a fewr long setae. Lateral appendage very reduced, somewhat as in madera, without a pendulous lower process or a claw-like middle one ; upper process a conspicuously blackened clavate lobe, its tip obtuse ; lower angle merely triangular, not at all produced, en- tirely pale. Gonapophysis appearing as a flattened blade, the tip narrowed abruptly into a small obtuse lobule. Eighth ster- nite very shallowly incised to form three low lobes that are only sparsely hairy, the central one especially so. Habitat. — CALIFORNIA. Holotype: <$, Camp Manzanar. Tnyo County, altitude about 3700 feet, July 1-6, 1945 (Joe M. May- eda) ; through Dr. John A. Comstock. Allotopotype: $; para- topotypc, 1 c?. The present fly is one of the interesting species collected by Mr. Mayeda in the vicinity of Camp Manzanar and kindly pre- sented to me by Dr. Comstock. This is a very distinct species in an unusually difficult group, in its almost unpatterned wings somewhat resembling Tipnla (Oreomyza) appendiculata Loew (derelicta Dietz, stalactoidcs Doane), differing very evidently in the structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the reduced lateral appendage. In "this last respect it most resembles T. (0.) madera Doane, which is one of the largest species in the group, with the wing pattern especially heavy and distinct. Tipula (Lunatipula) alcestis new species Belongs to the barbata group; allied to accurata: wings with a brownish tinge, the obliterative area before cord extensive, virtually crossing the wing; remaining cells not conspicuously streaked with whitish ; male hypopygium with the lobes of the ninth tergite obliquely truncated ; beak of inner dististyle stout, outer basal lobe broad; gonapophysis dark-colored, terminating in an acute spine; eighth sternite with the median plate small, compressed-flattened. 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jul}'> '^ ^. Length about 11-11.5 mm.; wing 13-13.5 mm.; antenna about 3.5 mm. 5- Length about 14-15 mm. ; wing 13 mm. Described from alcoholic specimens. Frontal prolongation of head brown, darker above : nasus elongate; palpi dark brown, terminal segment somewhat paler. Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow% the former a little darker at proximal end ; basal two flagellar segments weakly bicolored, the remainder uniformly brownish black ; flagellar segments only feebly incised, longer than the verticils. Head brown. Thorax brown, variegated with darker brown, including broad praescutal stripes and a single major darkening on either scutal lobe ; postnotum chiefly darkened ; scutum and scutellum with a darkened capillary median vitta. Pleura with the mesepister- num dark brown, the mesepimeron and metapleura paler, vari- egated with brown. It is probable that in dry specimens the surface is more or less pruinose. Halteres with stem yellow, knob brown, its apex paler. Legs with the coxae brown ; tro- chanters yellow ; femora brownish yellow, the tips narrowly blackened ; tibiae yellow, still more narrowly darkened at tip ; tarsi obscure yellow, passing into black. Wings with a brown- ish tinge, the prearcular and costal fields a trifle more yellowed ; stigma darker brown ; cells beyond cord more strongly infus- cated, especially in the outer radial field ; small brown spots at origin of Rs and over the anterior cord ; obliterative area before cord extensive and conspicuous, virtually crossing the wing along vein M4, slightly broken at end of Rs; poststig- mal pale area likewise conspicuous, including parts of cells Sc.2, R.2 and R3 ; pale streaks along veins virtually lacking, most evident as vague lines in cells Cit and 1st A ; veins brown. Venation: Rs relatively long, .from about one and one-half to nearly two times in-cn, longer than in accurata. In this latter species, the wings are more conspicuously variegated by paler, involving virtually the entire wing and appearing chiefly as broad streaks along the veins, excepting in the outer radial field. Ivh, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.WS 177 Abdomen with the segments chiefly yellow, the tergites tri- vittate with brown, the lateral pair more broken ; on the fourth and succeeding segments the color more uniformly dark brown : hypopygium chiefly yellow. Male hypopygium having the ninth tergite with broad lobes, obliquely truncated and less pointed than in accurata; median notch a trifle wider. Appendage of ninth sternite smaller, oval, with long dark-colored setae. Outer dististyle long and slender. Inner dististyle with the beak much stouter than in accurata, sloping upward to the dorsal crest; outer basal lobe broader than in accurata. Gonapophysis dark- colored, relatively long, produced into a slender spine on side near apex. Eighth sternite with the median plate small, com- pressed-flattened, not rectangular, as in accurata. Habitat. — IDAHO. Holotypc: J\, alcoholic, Humphrey, Cen- tennial Mts., Clark Co., along Route 91, altitude 6,500 feet, August 20, 1941 (Stanley B. Mulaik). Allotopotypc: alcoholic $. Paratopotypcs: 1 J1, 1 $. alcoholic. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Stanley B. Mulaik for the present material and other interesting Tipulidae from Colorado, Idaho and Utah. The most similar described species is Tipnla (Luna- tipnla) accurata Alexander, which differs conspicuously in the wing pattern and in several important details of structure of the male hypopygium, including the tergite, inner dististyle, gona- pophyses and eighth sternite. Tipula (Lunatipula) zelotypa new species Si/.e relatively small (wing, male, 12 mm.) ; mesonotal prae- scutum gray, with four entire brown stripes ; antennae with scape and pedicel yellow, basal flagellar segments weakly bi- colored; femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly and weakly infuscated ; claws (male) simple; wings with a weak brmvn tinge, sparsely spotted with darker brown ; a virtually complete obliterative band at and before cord ; no trichia on squama or in wing cells ; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite having a broad shallow V-shaped notch, the low lobes heavily blackened; basistyle produced caudad into a very thin scooplike blade ; dis- tistyle compact, beak obtuse; two spinelike points on style, 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS behind the beak, the other in the region of the posterior crest; outer basal lobe a strong curved arm, unequally bifid at tip; eighth sternite with its caudal border very slightly produced, provided with numerous pale setae that are directed caudad, not arranged in brushes or pencils. J1. Length about 12 mm. ; wing 12 mm. ; antenna about 4 mm. Frontal prolongation of head brownish yellow, the dorsal sur- face sparsely dusted ; nasus elongate ; palpi with basal three seg- ments brownish yellow, terminal one blackened. Antennae with the scape and pedicel yellow; first flagellar segment obscure brownish yellow ; succeeding segments weakly bicolored, the small basal swellings brown, the apices paler, the outer seg- ments more uniformly dark brown. Head above light gray, more yellowed on the occipital region.; a short brown median vitta on the posterior vertex ; vertical tubercle low, entire. Pronotum brownish gray. Mesonotal praescutum gray, with four narrow entire brown stripes, the intermediate pair sep- arated by a ground vitta of more than one-half their width ; lateral stripes slightly broader ; humeral region narrowly bor- dered by dark browrn; posterior sclerites of notum testaceous brown, the scutal lobes and median region of scutellum pat- terned with somewhat darker brown ; pleurotergite pruinose. Pleura pruinose behind, the anterior portion somewhat more variegated with darker, especially on the anepisternum and ven- tral sternopleurite ; dorsopleural membrane yellow. Halteres yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with the coxae yellow, sparsely pruinose, the fore pair a little darker ; trochanters yel- low ; femora and tibiae obscure yellow, the tips narrowly and weakly infuscated, the latter more narrowly so ; tarsi light brown, passing into black outwardly; claws (male) simple. Wings with a weak brownish tinge, heavier along the veins beyond cord ; stigma small, pale brown, inconspicuous ; oblitera- tive band before cord large, extending from before stigma to the posterior border along vein M4, involving less than the prox- imal half of cell 1st M2; veins brown. No squamal setae; no trichia in wing cells, including the stigma ; veins beyond cord with relatively abundant long trichia. Venation : Rs a little Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 less than twice in-cn; Rl + 2 entire; m oblique, longer than the petiole of cell M^; M3 + 4 little more than one-half the basal section of Mlf2; cell 2nd A broad. Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, trivittate with brown, the median stripe broad and distinct, narrowly interrupted at the posterior borders of the segments ; lateral areas much broken, becoming more distinct on the outer segments ; basal sternites yellow, the outer segments darker but this apparently caused by discoloration ; hypopygium chiefly pale. Male hypopygium with the tergite having a very broad and shallow V-shaped emargination, the low lobes heavily blackened ; median region with a microscopic lobule ; outer apical portion of lobe with an indistinct blackened point or carina, Appendage of ninth ster-- nite a small lobe provided with numerous short pale setae. Basistyle produced caudad into a flattened, very thin, scooplike blade. Dististyle with the beak very stout and obtuse, the lower beak lacking ; dorsal crest scarcely elevated ; region of posterior crest produced into a short spinelike lobe ; on face of style be- hind the beak- with an even smaller reddish spine; what appears to be the outer basal lobe is a curved arm, unequally bilobed at tip, the axial spine larger, the subapical one evidently variable in size ; apical portion of arm with numerous setae. Aedeagus stout but simple ; gonapophyses reduced. Eighth sternite trans- verse, the central area of the posterior border very slightly pro- duced, provided with numerous long pale setae that are not arranged in brushes or pencils. Habitat. — CALIFORNIA. Holotype: $, Brawley, Imperial County, altitude 109 feet below sea-level, April 5, 1935 (A. L. Melander) ; Alexander Collection, through kindness of Dr. Melander. The present isolated fly shows some points of resemblance to Tipula atrisiiiiiiiia Doane, which I have referred to the subgenus Lnnatipula Edwards. In all other respects, the hypopygium and general appearance of the«two flies is quite distinct. It may be found that sclotypa is more properly to be considered as being a Trichotipnla but, if so. it deviates in many respects from the hitherto accepted characters of the subgenus. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July> '46 Relative Toxicity of DDT Aerosols to Mosquitoes and Musca Domestica. Insect Balance x By FRANK BRESCIA, College of the City of New York, VICTOR K. LAMER, IRWIN B. WILSON, JOHN C. ROWELL, KENNETH C. HODGES, Columbia University, New York City Resolution of the well founded fear of an unbalanced insect world that may result from the use of DDT over large tracts of land (1, 2, 3, 4) requires information on the relative suscepti- bility of the various insects to DDT. Such a quantitative labo- ratory study will indicate what other insects will be effectively controlled during control operations for any given insect. Control of the natural population of salt marsh mosquitoes up to 5000 feet downwind in open country under favorable meteorological conditions was obtained (5) with an output of 15 gallons of emulsion (50 per cent water— 50 per cent oil by vol- ume; DDT content being 10 per cent of the weight of the oil) per 1000 feet of front covered with the Insecticidal Aerosol Generator developed at Columbia University. This dosage is equivalent to 5 pounds of DDT per 1000 feet of front. It was also found that an area cleared of anopheline adult mosquitoes remained relatively free of such adults for several days. This protective period cannot be attributed to the deposited DDT but very probably to a low rate of infiltration. Several insects of medical and economic importance were also subsequently used as test insects. The results obtained empha- size that the dosage recommended (above) for mosquito control operations is not equally effective against other insects and that zi'ith tins comparatively small and controlled dosage, the possibility of appreciable disturbance of the natural insect bal- ance, resulting from general insect destruction, appears to be remote. 1 This paper is based on work done for the Office of Scientific Research and Development under O.S.R.D. contract OEMsr 1388 with Columbia University. Ivii, '46 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181 Field experiments in which Musca domestic^, suspected to be an important factor in the transmission of infantile paralysis, were exposed to several dosages using the aerosol generator are presently reported. The results indicate that the adult fly is 4 to 6 times more resistant than the adult (salt marsh) mosquito. Fly tcchiiic. Pupae, obtained from the Entomological Test- ing Laboratory, New York City, were placed in each of several cages (brass netting) with a cotton wad wetted with a sugar solution. Emergence was produced by keeping the cages at about 85° F. under conditions of high humidity. Shortly before the field experiment, fresh cotton wads with sugar solution were introduced into the cages and the cages placed in large screw cap bottles which contained a wad of cot- ton saturated with water. When not being exposed to the aerosol or to the wind in the case of some checks, the fly cages were kept in the jars. At the time of the test, the flies varied in age from 3 to 30 hours, most of them being at least 24 hours old. Experimental procedure. Cages of flies were exposed to the aerosol in open country for different intervals of time at 3 dif- ferent distances, 100, 500, and 1000 feet, downwind. The generator was stationary but the equivalent dosage (gals, per 1000 feet) of a moving test was calculated from the gen- erator output (gals. /min.), exposure time (from 2 to 20 min- utes depending on distance) and spread (feet) of the aerosol at each distance. The mass particle diameter was 16 microns; the wind velocity 9 miles per hour. Four check cages were placed upwind of the generator. Three cages were exposed to the wind for various periods ; the fourth was kept within the jar. Two additional check cages were kept in the laboratory. Results and discussion. Within 2 hours after exposure to the aerosol, all flies were knocked down and a few were dead, except in one cage which had been exposed to an equivalent dosage of 4.7 gallons of emulsion per 1000 feet of front at a distance of 1000 feet downwind. In this cage only one fly was down while 15 were active. All flies were down in another 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '46 cage at the same distance and exposure. The check cages showed a 10 per cent knockdown. Mortality data for the 1000 foot distance are given in Table 1. TABLE 1. Mortality Data for Several Dosages of DDT Aerosol at 1000 Feet Downwind and for Controls. May 5, 1945 Equivalent Dosage in Gallons of Emulsion Number of per 1000 Feet of Front Flies % Dead 4.7 16 12 4.7 11 9 6.1 13 55 (1) 14 19 95 (1) 14 23 91 (1) 24 27 100 24 26 100 Check Cages Exposed to Wind. Minutes Number of Flies % Dead (2) 50 17 6 50 27 22 120 9 11 0 17 16 0 12 0 (1) Living flies were on their backs. (2) Those flies which were living but were on their backs were counted as dead. The data show that an output of about 15 gallons of the emul- sion per 1000 feet of front will be required to effect adult house- fly control to 1000 feet downwind. Comparing this data with the mosquito data (given in the introduction), it can be con- cluded that an adult housefly is 4 to 6 times more resistant than an adult salt marsh mosquito. To obtain a more accurate com- parison, quantitative laboratory studies are required. It can, however, be definitely stated that the same extent of control against mosquitoes and flies will not be effected for a given DDT output. This will be also true, of course, of other insects and other forms of life more resistant to DDT than the mos- quito. It appears very probable, therefore, that the projection Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 of controlled and regulated quantities of DDT used to control mosquitoes may not lead to any serious disturbance in insect balance. The danger zvill be present when quantities greater than the recommended 5 pounds of DDT per 1000 feet of front (5) are used to obtain control over large areas by residue effects. REFERENCES CITED (1) CONANT, R. 1944. No joy in an insect-free-world. Entomological News, 55 (10) : 258-259. (2) WIGGLESWORTH, N. B. 1945. DDT and the balance of nature. At- lantic Monthly, 107 (6) : 107. (3) 1945. Statement on DDT by the American Association of Economic Entomologists. Entomological News, 56 (2) : 38-39. (4) STRICKLAND, E. H. 1945. Could the widespread use of DDT be a disaster? Ibid., 56 (4) : 85-88. (5) BRESCIA, F., LAMER, V. K. et al. 1946. Salt marsh and anopheline mosquito control by ground dispersal of DDT aerosols. O. S. R. I >. Report No. 5731. Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Kuala Lumpur. From a letter recently received from N. C. E. Miller, wrho before the war wrote extensively on Orthop- tera and Rhynchota, and was a member of the staff of the De- partment of Agriculture at Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States, we learn that following his release from internment by the Japanese for more than three years in Sumatra, he visited Kuala Lumpur and found his insect collections and library largely intact, but that the very well known and active Museum of the Federated Malay States, also at Kuala Lumpur, was no more, having been levelled in bombing. He also informed us that H. M. Pendlebury, of the Museum, and a capable ento- mologist, one of the authors of "The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula," who also took a major part in the most recent zoological exploration of Mt. Kina Balu, in Borneo, had been released from internment only to die in India from the effects of malnutrition and starvation. 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July* '^6 The Hoffman Collection. The American Museum of Natural History has recently received, through the generosity of Mr. Frank M. Johnson, the Carlos C. Hoffmann collection, consisting primarily of Mexican Lepidoptera and scorpions. Dr. Hoffmann lived in Mexico for many years and the collection, which is in magnificent condition, is the result of over thirty years of work. It contains nearly 15,000 spread Lepidoptera, mostly identified, and about as many specimens in papers. It is particularly rich in Saturniidae, Sphingidae, and butterflies of the southern two-thirds of Mexico, but includes also large numbers of small moths. The northern part of the country is rather poorly represented in comparison with the southern por- tion. The scorpion collection is from the entire country, and contains seven hundred specimens. Dr. Hoffmann was much interested in medical entomology, whence his interest in scorpions probably arose. He published several papers on Mexican scorpions, including a revision of the species occurring in that country. On Lepidoptera he pub- lished numerous papers, describing many species the types of most of which (in addition to the scorpion types) were received with the collection. His papers on Lepidoptera culminated in a series of catalogues of Mexican species of the various families. The collection will be of great value as it is from a region where most North American collections are poor. For this reason it will make possible studies of distribution and geo- graphical variation heretofore impossible. Cornell University. The Department of Entomology announces the inauguration of a five year research program , to study the amino acids of insects. This work is made possi- ble by a grant from the Lalor Foundation of Wilmington, Dela- ware, and is being carried out in the laboratories of Insect Physiology of the Department of Entomology. The project supports two research fellows and appointments have been made for Mr. H. L. House who is on a leave of absence from the Dominion Parasite Laboratory at Belleville, Ontario, and Mr. J. J. Pratt, Jr., who has recently been discharged from the U.S.P.H.S. Initial studies will include the identification of the amino acids in insects, and the amino acid nutritional re- quirements of insects. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both images and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. Lepidoptera — Wanted, Hyloicus (Sphinx) and other Sphingidae in exchange for U. S. and Wisconsin Lepidoptera. Win. E. Sicker, 119 Monona Ave., Madison 3, Wisconsin. Hymenoptera-Aculeata (except ants and bres) and Ichneumonidae for exchange or purchase. Will collect any order in exchange. I). G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., NW, Washington 11, D. C. Wanted — Oriental Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae for determi- nation and research purposes: China, India, Philippines, Pacific. Will purchase from China, Assam, Burma, Siam, Formosa. Will exchange identified Chinese insects. J. Linsley Gressitt, Lingnan University, Canton, China. Wanted — Papers on C'icindelidae of any part of the world, espe- cially Soutli America and Pacific. R. G. Dalil, 3225 Grand Ave.. Apt." 13, Oakland 10. Cal. Insects Studied Microscopically AT EVERY ANGLE with this Completely Adjustable Holder Available Now for Immediate Shipment at NUSHAWG Biological Supply, Inc. Here's a sturdy, PRACTICAL insect holder for ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED microscopic obser- vation. Simply thrust pinned insect into cork "well" until it is in line with axis of curved arm, then turning knurled knobs you will secure com- plete dorsal and ventral coverage with the insect in constant focus. Once adjusted, insect's position re- mains fixed, due to split-shaft con- struction. Available immediately at • INSECT ALWAYS IN FOCUS • RECESSED FOR SUBSTAGE LIGHTING • NOTHING TO WEAR OUT $15.00 each. Order now . . . enjoy peak efficiency in insect observation! EMINENT ENTOMOLOGIST SAYS: "I am completely sold on your idea, which in this day of binoc- ular microscopes makes such a device necessary for the proper examination of whole insects in constant focus and at different angles." — /. R. de la Torre-Bueno • STAYS IN ANY POSITION • RIGID, STURDY, CHROME- PLATED NUSHAWG BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY, Inc. East Aurora, New York ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Lije Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for tbe general collector and tbe specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1119. — Cresson (E. T. Jr.) — Synopses of No. Amer. Ephydridae. la. Supplement of part I on the subfam. Psilopinae. II. The tribes Hydrelliini, Hydrinini and Ilytheini of the subfam. Notiphilinae, with descr. of n. sps. (70: 159-180, 1944) ... $ .40 1123. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Indoaustralian Ephydridrae. I. The subfam. Psilo- pinae. (71: 47-75, 1945) 60 1127. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Neotropical Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae. (71 : 129-163, 1946) 75 1126. — Rapp (W. F.) — Two new Nemocera Diptera. (Sciaridae and Cecidomyidae). (71 : 125-128, figs., 1946) 20 THE BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPETID LARVAE By VENIA TARRIS PHILLIPS Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 12, 161 pp., 16 pis., 1946 This is a comprehensive work describing and figuring the important characteristics of the larvae of forty five species of American fruit flies (Diptera). An indispensible work for economic en- tomologists. It includes a glossary of the terms used in the descriptions; a list of 442 species of the family, with their known hosts; a list of their host plants; and an extensive bibliography. The plates contain 192 exquisitely executed figures. Price $5.00 (postpaid, domestic delivery) U. S. Currency, remittance must accompany order. HYMENOPTERA 1118. — Bradley (J. C.) — A preliminary revision of the Pompilinae of the Americas exclusive of the tribe Pompilini. (70: 23-157, 2 pis., 1944) 1.60 LEPIDOPTERA 1125. — Jones (F. M.)- — Platoeceticus and a remarkable n. sp. of the genus (Psychidae). (71 : 99-124, 6 pis., 1945) 75 ORTHOPTERA 1121. — Tinkham (E. R.) — Sinochlora, a new tettigoniid gen. from China, with descr. of 5 n. sps. (70: 235-246, 2 pis., 1945) . . .25 1124. — Hebard (M.) — Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mountains in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Virginia, and notes on other Appalachian sps. and recent extensions of the known range of still other southeastern sps. (71: 77-97, 1945) ... .45 1120. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — A revision of the locusts of the group Hy- alopteryges (Acrididae). (70: 181-234, 1 pi., 1944) 1.00 1117. — Rehn and Rehn — Studies of certain Cyrtacanthacridoid gen. (Acrididae). II. Prumnacris, a new No. Amer. gen. of Holarctic type. (70: 1-21, 2 pis., 1944) 50 1122. — III. Buckellacris, another new No. Amer. gen. of Hoi- arctic type. (71 : 1-45, 2 pis., 1945) 1 .00 Subscriptions for 1947 are payable mnv ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS OCTOBER 1946 . * Vol. LVII No. 8 CONTENTS » Freeman — Two new skippers 185 Lasky — Mosquitoes at Denver, Colorado 188 Chamberlin — A new centiped I'M Rau — Notes on parasites of mud-wasps 195 Rapp — Note on pseudoscorpions Entomological Literature V\. .*,. i JJ. . 198 Jew— Practical Malariology ->^£*S^*HS£?£< 206 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER. PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; S3. 30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19. 1943. at the post office at Lancaster. Pa., under the Act if March 3. 1879. Acceptance for mailinp at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1, Act ot October 3. 1"17. aulhori/ed January 15. 1921. 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THE LANCASTER PRESS. INC.. Lancaster. Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII OCTOBER. 1946 Xo. 8 Two New Species of Skippers from North and Central America (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) By H. A. FREEMAN. Pharr, Texas Celaenorrhinus stallingsi new species (Fig. 1) This species appears to be nearer jritzgaertneri (Bailey) than any of the other species in the genus ; however there are several specific differences that can easily be noticed. In stallingsi the coloration is darker brown, and the small white spot found in interspace 1, toward the base, in fritsgaertneri, is absent and in its place is a black dot. On the under surface of the primaries the oblique discal band of six white hyaline spots reappears and below the sixth spot there is a white area that extends to the (inter margin of the wing. This area is not present in jritz- (jaertncri. The fringe is concolorous with the wings and not feebly checkered as in fritsgaertneri. The genitalia differs from the Godman and Salvin figure ( Biologia, PI. 85, Fig. 4) in the shape of the uncas and the scaphium. the saccus is shorter and the vinculum is not recurved, there is a curved spur at the caudal end of the aedeagus and the terminal arm of the clasper is longer and more pointed than in jritzgaertneri. Kxpanse. — J1, 42 mm. ; $, 43 mm. Described from 2 specimens, 1 J1, V-28-41, Monterrey, N. L., MEXICO, collected by Don B. Stalling ; and 1 $, XI-8-44, Pharr TEXAS, collected by the author. This species is named in honor of Mr. Don B. Stallings, who is one of our outstanding lepidopterists. (185) '» 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS [Oct.. '46 Holotyt>e—<$, V-28-41, Monterrey, Mexico, is in the Stal- lings and Turner collection and all o type $. XI-8-44, Pharr, Texas, is in the collection of the author. Figure 1. Genitalia of Celaenorrhinus stallingsi new species, <$ holotype, Monterrey, N. L., Mexico, V-28-41. Calpodes evansi new species (Fig. 2) ^. — Upper surface. — Primaries, dark brown, becoming lighter toward the base due to the presence of light br< >wn scales and hairs. There are two tan subapical spots and four larger semi-hyaline spots arranged as follows : a narrow one at the end of the cell, and three larger ones in the lower half of the wing between the cell and the outer margin. These are all tan in coloration. Secondaries, dark brown ground color, well suffused toward the base with lighter brown scales and hairs. There is an in- distinct light band running from the coastal margin toward the anal angle. Under surface. — Primaries, light brown becoming much darker toward the base. All of the spots reappear and the bottom one is suffused with sordid white scales. Secondaries, brown, with a bluish-violet sheen over all but the anal angle, which is dark brown. There is an indistinct white band running from the costal margin nearly to the anal angle. Fringe of both wings light brown. Body, dark brown above, light beneath, nearly white. Ivii, .'46 J KXTOMOI. OC.ICAL NEWS 187 Expanse. — 15-47 nun. £ — Similar to the J\ except the hyaline spots on the upper surface of the primaries are lighter in coloration, the white band on the lower surface of the secondaries is not easily discernible and the bluish-violet sheen on that surface of the wing is a little more pronounced. Expanse. — 49 mm. 2. Genitalia of Calpodcs ci'ansi nc\v species, c? paratvpe, Limon, Costa Rica. X-5-15. Described from 4 specimens, 3 ^^ and 1 J. The data on these specimens are as follows: 1 <§ , Limon, COSTA RICA, X-5-15, collector not known ; 1 J\ Belzie. BRITISH HONDURAS. VII-06, collector not known ; 1 J\ Pharr. TEXAS. X-21-44, and 1 $. Pharr. TEXAS. X-8-44, both collected by the author. The two Central American specimens were loaned to the writer by the American Museum of Natural History. This species is named in honor of Brig. W. H. Evans of the British Museum, who first recognized this species as being undescribed. Hol«typc.—<$, X-21-44. Pharr. Texas, and allotype ?, X- 8-44. Pharr, Texas, are in the collection of the author. The two Central American parutypcs are in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Calpodcs cvansi resembles syhicola H.-S., in the maculation of the primaries, both above and beneath. The white band on the under surface of the secondaries is much broader and more conspicuous in cvansi than in sylvicola. The main difference is easily discernible in the greater size of cz'cmsi being nearly twice as large as sylvicola. 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct.. '46 Report of Mosquitoes Collected at Fitzsimons Gen- eral Hospital, Denver, Colorado, During the Seasons of 1944-1945 * By WILLIAM R. LASKY, Sgt. U. S. Army, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado There has never been a systematic survey of the mosquitoes of the State of Colorado. In 1918 Dr. T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of Colorado, published a list (Journal Econ. Ent. XI: 195-200, 1918) on the order of a preliminary survey. In 1924, Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, of the U. S. National Museum, republished Dr. Cockerell's list as a supplement to his obser- vations and studies made at Grand Lake, Colorado, at an ele- vation of 7,000 feet. He was mainly concerned with the Cana- dian'fauna occurring at that high altitude and, in compiling his list, he compares his findings with those of Dr. Cockerell. The writer acknowledges the assistance of others whose en- couragement and help with difficult identifications have made this work possible. He is particularly indebted to Colonel Hugh W.. Mahon, M. C, Chief of Laboratory Services, Fitzsimons General Hospital, whose constant encouragement and interest have been most helpful. He is further indebted to Colonel J. Vincent Falisi, M. C., Chief of Laboratory Services and to 1st Lt. Hugh L. Keegan, Sn. C., Entomologist, Seventh Service Command, Omaha, Nebraska, for their careful confirmations of identifications and for their assistance and advice. The author wishes to express his thanks to Dr. Maurice T. James of Colo- rado A. & M. College for his help in determining the validity of the first record of Cnlc.v pipicns Linn, in Colorado. * In 1942 the Seventh Service Command Laboratory at Omaha, Ne- braska, organized a Mosquito Collecting program for the Army instal- lations in the Service Command. In 1944, Fitzsimons General Hospital was included in this program. The findings of the Service Command Laboratory were published by Theodore A. Olson and Hugh L. Keegan, jointly, in the Journal of Economic Entomology, 1944, Vol. 37, pp. 780- 785 and p. 847. Since these findings deal with the nine state area of this command and are concerned mainly with the mosquitoes related to dis- ease transmission, it is felt that the present report, which is more specific in nature, is warranted. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\\ S 189 This report deals with the eighteen species of mosquitoes, four of them new to the State, collected on the post area and within the environs of Fitzsimons General Hospital, located in Adams County, thirteen miles east of Denver, Colorado, at an altitude of 5.280 feet. METHODS OF COLLECTION AND KKSTLTS ( )I:TATNEI> During the two-season survey, adult mosquitoes were col- lected nightly in a single Xe\v Jersey-type light trap. This trap was set up at various points on the po.st and these stations were rotated weekly. In 1944. 14.459 mosquitoes were col- lected in the five months. May through Septemher, during which time the trap was set up 92 nights out of a possible 143 nights. Of the remaining nights, in which no trapping was done. 40 occurred on weekends, and 1 1 were inclement. In 1945, the survey was conducted from May through October and 5.285 mosquitoes were trapped. The trap was set up 100 nights out of a possible 184. The season being a very wet one, 36 nights were unfit for trapping because of rain or snow and 48 occurred on the weekend. A total of 19,744 mosquitoes was collected by means of a single trap during the two seasons. During both seasons, the greatest numbers were collected dur- ing the last two weeks of August and the first week of Sep- tember. The species yielding the greatest number of individuals were: In 1944. Culc.r tarsalis. ,-lcdcs I'c.vans, Culiscta inornata, Acdi's dorsalis and Culc.r pipicns, in the order named. In 1945, Culc.r pi[>icns led. followed by .Icdcs I'c.vtins, Culc.v tarsalis, Cnliscta inornata and .Icdcs dorsalis. (See Table 1.) Adult mosquitoes were also collected by hand, while both resting and biting. These collections were made weekly. Rest- ing collections were made under bridges, road culverts, in build- ings and under duck nesting shelters at the game refuge. Bit- ing collections were made both in the daytime and evenings. In the 1944 season 152 mosquitoes of six species were collected in this manner. In 1945. 1.475 mosquitoes of 15 species were taken. Collections of larvae were made weekly and yielded a total of 2,020 specimens during the two seasons. Aedes tlorsalis 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '46 led as the most numerous species of larva collected ; then came Acdes Z'e.i'ons, Culc.r tarsalis, Culiseta inoniata and Culcx pi picas. (See Table 1.) Eighteen distinct breeding sites were found, of which 5 may be called permanent while the remainder depend on rainfall, irrigation and snow to become suitable for breeding. Larvae were taken in animal hoof prints filled with rain water, in alkaline, grassy rain water pools, in an irrigation pond marsh, in road ditches, in irrigation ditches throughout the post area and in the irrigation inlets and catch basins of this system. Larvae were taken in an ornamental fish pond, at the grassy sides of a natural creek, in waste disposal cans par- tially filled with rain water and even in an old rain-water-filled bedpan on the post dump. The following table summarizes the results of the collections during the two seasons of the survey. A total of eighteen spe- cies was found, belonging to four genera. Of the 29,391 speci- mens taken, over half were of Culcx tarsalis. TABLE 1. Mosquito Collections at Fitzsimons General Hospital During 1944 and 1945 Seasons Species Trap Hand Larvae Total Aedes dorsalis 388 37 5,853 6,278 Aedes fitchii 2 1 3 Aedes increpitus 15 110 125 Aedes nigromaculis 51 49 9 109 Aedes sticticus 2 2 Aedes triseriatus 15 9 24 Aedes trivittatus 58 3 20 81 Aedes vexans 1,789 47 838 2,674 Culex apicalis 3 Culex pipiens 2,691 165 2,929 Culex restuans 10 10 Culex salinarius 2 2 Culex tarsalis 14,103 901 666 15.670 Culiseta incidens 9 36 55 100 Culiseta inornata 590 262 499 1.351 Culiseta melanura 2 Culiseta morsitans 1 Psorophora signipennis 12 1 3 19,744 1,627 8.020 29.391 Ivii, '46 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS A'r;v records for the Slate of Colorado Aedcs sticticus Meigen. Four adult $5- I" traP: Aug. 10 and 15. Biting: Aug. 8 and 13. 1945. //«/« ti-iscriatits Say. Twenty-four adults, all in 1945. In trap: ^, Aug. 16. 26, 30. Sept.' 6; $?. July 30. Aug. 16. 21. 23 (2 specimens). Sept. 6 (2 spmns.). Sept. 7 (4 spurns.). Biting: July 26 (3 spmns.). Sept. 4. Resting: 45 season than in the 1944, season. Acdcs nigromaculis was found to bite very savagely late in the afternoon and during the day if disturbed from its resti place in the high grasses near its breeding locale. It i> : uncommon to constitute an important pest. Aedes sticticus Meigen Specimens of Acdcs sticticus were collected only by trap and while biting in the daytime. The four specimens taken are the first published records of this mosquito from Colorado. Aedes triseriatus Say Twenty-four specimens, both male and female, of this >pe- cies were collected during 1945 at Fitzsimons. These are the first published records for this state. Although extensive in- vestigation was made to ascertain the breeding locales, none was found. There are no really suitable tree-holes in the area surrounding the post as most of the trees, cottonwoods and willows, have such porous bark that the rain water does not remain in their crevasses longer than 48 hours, even after heavy rains. Presumably this mosquito is breeding elsewhere and further work is necessary to discover its breeding place. Adult> occurred in small numbers throughout the post, especially in the vicinity of the duck pond refuge where it was found active and biting throughout the day. Both trap and hand collections were made throughout July, August and as late as September 7th, 1945. However, nowhere was it observed in any numbers. Further work will be necessary to determine its local impor- tance. It is a vicious daytime biter and of some annoyance to golfers. (To be continued ) 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct.. '46 A New Centiped of the Genus Guambius from Mississippi By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN The new lithobiid centipecl here described is represented by a male and female forming part of a small collection made at Pass Christian, Mississippi, in February, 1946, and submitted to me for study by Wm. F. Rapp, Jr. Other chilopod species represented are the following: Thcatops posticus (Say), Cryp- tops hyalimts (Say). Otocryptops sexspinosus (Say), Scolo- pcndra z'iridis Wood. Neolithobius inorda.r (Koch). Geophilus nwrda.v Meinert. The types of the new species are retained in the author's collection at the University of Utah. Guambius (Sibibius) christianus, new species Dorsum uniform light brown, the head but little darker. An- tennae dark brown, paler at tip. Legs with middle joints brown, the proximal ones paler and the tarsus yellow or somewhat rufous except at base. Antennae short, composed of 26 articles. Ocelli in three se- ries, 1+3,3,2; the single ocellus largest, the most caudal of the top series also large, the ocelli of the bottom series small. Prosternal teeth 2+2, the outer tooth on each side slightly larger than the mesal one; median incision V-shaped, the angle acute. Ectal spine setifonn. Coxal pores round 4(5). 4.4.4. Ventral spines of first legs 0.0,0,0.1; dorsal also 0.0,0,0,1. Ventral spines of penult legs 0,1,2,3,2; dorsal 0,0,3,2.2(1); claws 3. Ventral spines of anal legs, 0,1,3.3,1 ; dorsal. 0,0,2,1,0; claws 2. None of the coxae armed. The claw of the female genital forceps large and strictly entire. Basal spines 2+2, these all conically acute from base to apex, the messal one on each side much smaller than the ectal one. Length of female holotype, 12.5 mm. Locality. — MISSISSIPPI : Pass Christian. An adult female and a not fully mature male were taken on February 15. 1946 by J. and \\ . Rapp. Ivii, '46] KXTOMOLOG1CAL NK\VS 195 The male is 9.2 mm. long. In the spining of the legs it differs in having the ventral spines of the penult 0,1.2,2,2, and of the anal legs on one side 0,1,2,2,1. The penult legs not as yet modi- fied. The fourth article of the anal legs with a longitudinal dorsal sulcus mesad of which is a longitudinal ridge bearing a series of setae. The ocelli are 1+3.2.1. The species is apparently nearest to G. ocdipcs (Bollman) of Arkansas, hut it is a smaller form with claws of anal legs 2 instead of 3, etc. There is no indication in the not fully devel- oped male of christiamts of such exceptionally strong modifica- tion of the anal and penult legs as characterize ocdipcs. Notes on a Few Dipterous and Hymenopterous Parasites of Mud-wasps (Dipt., Hymenoptera) BY PHIL RAU, Kirk wood. Missouri HYMENOPTERA Mcsostcnns discoidalis Cr. [H. K. Townes|.* A bamboo stem (. inindiaria tccta) from Reelfoot Lake. Tennesee. con- tained two cocoons of an unknown Trypoxylon wasp. From these emerged two ichneumonid parasites, M. discoidalis Cr. The insects left the cocoons nearly a month apart, one on May 6, and the other on June 4, 1941. Some years earlier, a parasite of this species (determined by R. A. Cushman) emerged from a nest of Sccliphron caementarium on May 15. Some of the cells in this nest were reused by the wasp rscndni/cnia inillipcs. so I do not know which of the two wasps was host to the parasite. There are three species of the genus Mcsostcnns listed in "In- sects of New York" (1928). but hosts are not given for any of them. H The names of the specialists \vliu named the insirt> appear in hrackrt-. 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct.. '46 Chrysis parvitla Fab. [H. K. Townes]. Several dead speci- mens of this parasite were found in the sealed cells of •Scdiplinni caementariuui in a nest taken at Steeleville, Missouri, in 1942. In one of the cocoons in the same nest, made by Chalybion cy- ancnin, another C. parvula was found. The latter observation shows, of course, that the host lived long enough to make its cocoon after parasitization. Sphaerophthalmapennsylvanicascavea¥>\ake. [H. K. Townes]. A dead male of this parasite was found within the cocoon of 6". caementariinn in a mud nest taken in St. Louis county, Missouri, and two additional males emerged from similar nests brought from Huzzah, Mo. and Ellsworth, Kansas. The former emerged on June 10, 1942, and the latter on Aug. 30, 1942. Here too, the hosts did not die until after they had produced the cocoons. DlPTERA Anthrax daphne O. S. [R. H. Painter]. Several of these parasites emerged from the cells of Scdiphron caeincntariuin Aug. 4 to 6, 1942. The mud nest was taken near Scott City, Kansas. Anthrax alb ojas datum Macq. [R. H. Painter]. Two cocoons of Trypoxylon davatmn taken from an old nest of 5". cacincn- tariuin were parasitized by this fly. The nest was taken near Eminence, Missouri, and the adults emerged July 23, 1942. Anthrax pauper O. S. [R. H. Painter]. A nest of 6". cacuicn- tarium sent by a friend from somewhere in Oklahoma gave forth parasites of this species on June 12, 1942, and nests collected from Scott City, Kansas, gave several adults in August, 1942. Anthrax slossonae Johns. [R. H. Painter]. Six adults of this parasite emerged from the cocoons of Trypoxylon polltnm, the pipeorgan builder. The nests were taken at Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, and the flies emerged June 7 to 16, 1941. Toxophora amphitca Walk. [H. R. Painter]. Several cells in an old Polistes nest had been reused and sealed with mud by the wasp Odynerus foramina-tits Sauss. From two of these cells, a male and a female T. amphitae emerged on May 26, 1942. The nest was taken at Gray Summit, Missouri. Ivii, '46 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I Note on Pseudcscorpions liv JAXKT L. C. RAIT, University of Illinois. Urbana. THinm- T \ventv-nne specimens of pseudoscorpions were collected co- incidentally with the author's field work on a |)rohlem for a thesis entitled "Insect Hihernutioii Studies in Champaigr ( 'onnty, Illinois, During the Winter of 1 '.'44-45." so far unpub- lished. Most of the insects and the pseudoscorpions were taken with the use of a Jacot apparatus.1 a modification ot that orig- inally proposed by Berlese. Essentially this consisted of a large funnel of sheet steel or copper with a sieve at the bottom and a 300 watt bulb suspended within an inch of the sample of litter taken from the field. The dry heat of this light drove the specimens downward through the sieve and into a beaker of 70 percent alcohol placed beneath the funnel. Surprisingly, in more than 90 such samples, pseudoscorpions were found only three times and then all from the same locality, Urbana, Feb- ruary 18, 1945. This area, lying east of town, was fairly wooded and not far from the west branch of the Salt Fork River. Several chestnut trees, evidently victims of the chestnut blight, had fallen and were starting to rot. Some of these were pried up and the material underneath was found to be free of fro>t. Debris from the tree plus some of the underlying soil yielded the following specimens: M icrohisiitin hnninciiin Hagen (1) Pselaphochernes puri'its Hoff (20) The pseudoscorpions we're kindly determined by Dr. C. Clay- ton 1 1 off of Quincv College. Personal We have learned by letter from I'.uenos Aires that Dr. Augustin Riggi has been appointed Director of the Museo . \rgentino de Ciencias Xaturales. " I'.ernardino Rivadavia," as of July 10, 1946. 1 Jacot, A. P. 1936. Soil structure and soil biology. Ecology. 17: 359-379. 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS [Oct., '46 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY CHARLES HODGE IV, RAYMOND Q. BLISS, EDWIN T. MOUL, MAURICE E. PHILLIPS AND HENRY K. TOWNES JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— Anon.— F. W. Xunenmacher. (Obituary). [28 1 22: 70. Allenspach, V. — Preparation of small beetles. [26] 19: 343-347. Blackwelder, R. E.— Fabrician Genotype Designations. [9] 41 : 72-78. Collart, A.— Regards sur le moncle des Dipteres. [8| 82: 18-14. Edney, E. B.— An Apparatus for Handling Small Living Insects. [10] 37: 83-87 ill. Gadd, C. H. — Macrocentrus homonae — a poly- embryonic parasite of tea tortrix (Homona coffgearia). [12] '23: 67-80. Gemignani, E. V. and Rodriguez, R.- Damage to wood by Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) (Coleopt. : Ceramb.). [34] 10": 370-378. Gibson, A.— Obituary of Theodore Henry Prison. |11| 78: 23-24. Grensted, L. W. — Pleuron, Pleura and Pleurite : A Postscript. (15] 82: 146-147. Knowlton, G. F. — Grasshoppers eaten by Utah birds. [20] 19: 71-72. Van Hearden, H. P.— Some histo- logical methods of interest to entomologists. [19] 8: 157- 161. Weiss, H. B.— Fred M. Schott, 1887-1946. Obituary. [21] 54: 170-171. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Allard, H. A. — Synchronous Singing of 17-year Cicadas'. [29] 48: 93-95. Cassab, A. — Le regime alimentaire de la Courtiliere (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). [6] 1943: 83-86. Donis- thorpe, H. — Fifty Gynandromorphous Ants taken in a single Colonv of M. sabuleti Meinert in Ireland. [14] 79: 121-131, Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 ill. Fenjves, P. — Bionomics of the aphid. My/us persicae Sulz. of the potato. [26] 19: 489-611. Fox-Wilson, G.- Factors Affecting Populations of Social \Yusps. Vespula Sp.. in England. f31] 21: 17-27. ill. Habib, A.— Biology and bionomics of Asterolecanium pustulans Ckll. (Hemiptera: Coccidea) . [ 6J 1943 : 87-1 12. Hayward, Kenneth J.— Food plants of Argentine Hesperiiclae. 1 34 j 11: 31-36. Hean, A. F. — Notes on maternal care in thrips. [19] 6: 81-83. Henson, H. — On the Malpighian tubules of F. auricularia (Dermap.). |31 | 21 : 29-39, ill. Hudson, G. H.- -The ten- torium in Orthoptera. 1 19] 8: 71-90. Joerg, M. E. — En- sayo de cultivo de celulas ectodermicas cle un insecto. [33] 1 : 65-68. Krause, J. B. — The Structure of the Gonads of Wood-Eating Beetle, P. cornutus Fabr. |3] 39: 193-206, ill. Leclerq, J. — Insects which drink water. [8] 82: 71- 75. Linck, E. — Copulation in Carausius morosus I'.r. (Or- thopt.; Phasm.). [26] 19: 202-203. Martin, C. H. and Finney, G. L. — Control of sex-ratio in Macrocentrus ancyli- vorus Rowher. 1 18] 39: 296-299. Nadig, A.— Copulation in chionea (Diptera). [26] 19: 308-316. Riedel, F. A.- Connective Tissue in the Ventriculus of Certain Lubber Grasshoppers (Orth. Acricli.). [3] 39: 289-303, ill. Rose- dale, J. L. — On the composition of insect chitin. [19] 8: 21-. Shay, D. E — Observations on the Cellular Enclosures of the Mid-Gut Epithelium of Periplaneta americana. [3] 39: 165-169, ill. Theron, P. P. A. — Terminating diapause in codling moth larvae. [19] 6: 114-123. Ullyett, G. C.— On the function of the caudal appendage in primary larvae of parasitic Hymenoptera. |19| 7: 30-37. Ullyett, G. C.- Oviposition by Ephestia kuhniella Zell. |19) 8: 53-59. Ullyett, G. C. — Some aspects of parasitism in field popula- tions of Plutella maculipennis Curt. |19) 6: 65-80. Van der Merwe, J. S. — Biology and ecology of Mormoniella vi- tripennis Walk. ( Pteromalidae, Hymenoptera). [19] 6: 48-64. Zolotarev, E. K. — Influence of chloroform on gas cons exchange of chrysalids of Antherea p'ernyi Guer. |7| 49 : 20-23. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Bequaert, J. C.- The Ticks, or Ixodoidea. of X.K.U.S. and E. Canada. |13| 25: 185-232 (k). Bouvier G. and Gaschen, H. — Mites para- -itic on Diptera. |26| 19: 191-197. Chamberlin, R. V.- On the Chilopods of Alaska. [3] 39: 177-18C> (k*). ill. Chamberlin, R. V. — .A \V\\ Si-lirndyloid Chilopod fnun C;il. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '46 [28] 22: 69-70. Cooreman, J.— Tyroglyphopsis frennetti n. sp. \S] 81 : 241-244. Giinthart, E.— Spinning mites (red spiders) and their natural enemies. [26] 19: 279-308. Nesbitt, H. H. J. — Three New Mites from Xova Scotian Apple Trees. [11] 78: 15-22, ill. SMALLER ORDERS— Berner, L.— N. Spp. of Florida Mayflies (Ephe.). [17 1 28: 60-82. ill. Carriker, M. A., Jr.— Neotropical Mallophaga Miscellany No. 1. [4] 4: 165-189 (*), ill. Henson, H. — See under Anat. Jameson, E. W., Jr. — A new sp. of Epitedia Jordan (Siphonaptera). [20] 19: 62-65. Kennedy, C. H. — Archaeepodagrion bilub- ata, n. sp.. from Central Ecquador. [3] 39: 171-176, ill. Moulton, D. — -N. sp. of Thrips from Haiti and Turkestan. [28] 22: 56-58. Moulton, D.— Two n. sp. of Thrips from N. A. [28] 22: 59-60. Ross, H. H.— A Review of the Ne- arctic Lepidostomatidae (Trich.). [3] 39: 265-291 (k*), ill. Snyder, T. E. — A Small, Dark-Colored New Kalotermes from Guatemala. [29] 48: 158-160. Williner, G. J.— As- calafidos Argentines. [34] 12 : 425-437 (*). Wray, D. L. —New Collembola from North Carolina. |9| 41 : 79-85, ill. ORTHOPTERA — Daguerre, J. B. — Biological observa- tions on Dichroplus arrogans (Stal). ]34| 10: 341-346. Liebermann, J. — The genus Adimantus Stal in Argentina. [34] 12: 416-424. Liebermann, J.— Antiphon gallus Stal, new for Argentina. [34 1 10: 363-367. Liebermann, J.- Geographical distribution of some genera of Argentine acridines. [34] 1: 103-106. Rehn, j. A. G.— One Genus and Six n. sp. of C. American and Columbian Pseudophyl- linae (Ortho., Tettig.). [38] 72: 1-26 (k), ill. Shay, D. E. —See under Anat., etc. HEMIPTERA— Allard, H. A.— (See under Anat., etc.) Ball, E. D. and Parker, F. H.— Some New N. A. Tdiocerus (Homo., Cica.). [20] 19: 73-82. Beamer, R. H.— A N. Sp. of Delphacine Fulgorid w/notes on Four Other Spp. [20] 19: 82-87, ill. Bodenheimer, F. S. — Additions to the Coc- coidea of Iraq, with 2 new spp. [6] 1944 : 85-100. Calkins, L. A. — Notes on the juniper mealy bug. Pseudococcus ju- niperi Ehr. [20] 19: 66-68. DeCarlo, J. A.— New spp. of Limnocoris Stal. [34] 11: 37-41. DeCarlo, J. A.— New spp. of Cryphocricus Sign, and Heleocoris Stal. [34] 10: 426-433. DeCarlo, J. A. — Aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemip- tera. [33] 1 : 1-4 (*). DeCarlo, J. A.— Los Ranatridae de Ivii, '46 J KNTo:\ioi.o:;ir.\L NK\VS 201 Sud America. |1| 42: 1-3S. PI. I-VII (k*). DeLong, D. M. and Hershberger, R .V. — Tin- (ienus Sam-tarns in X. A. Including the Mexican species. |3| 39: 207-224 (k*), ill. Habib, A.— (See Anat., etc.) Hepner, L. W.- Snbgenus and Several X. S])]). of Scaphylopius. [20| }'>: S7-109. Hungerford, H. B. — A new genus and species of Xotonectidae. [20) 19:59-61. Jensen, D. D.— A New Eu- ])halerns and Notes on Other Spp. of Psyllidae from Idaho (Homo. Psyll.i. |3| 39: 242-245. ill. Knowlton, G. F.- Minnte Pirate Bug Notes. |9| 41 : 103. Knowlton, G. F. Deraeocoris brevis Feeding ( )bservations. |9| 41 : 100-101. Knowlton, G. F. — Some Aphid Host Record-. [28] 22: 75- 76. Knull, D. J.— The Genus Bandara Ball (Homo.. Cica.). |3| 39: 259-264 (k*). ill. McKenzie, H. L.— A New Sp. of Lcpidosaphes Attacking Yendsobium Orchids in Hawaii and Calif. |30| 12: 611-613, ill. Rubin, G. J.— Three new' spp. ot Neohaematopinus. |29| 48 : 119-124. Ruckes, H. -Mecidea minor, a N. Sp. of Pentatomid from Xe\v Mexico. [9] 41 : 86-88. ill. Schott, F. M.— 17-Year Cicada Notes for 1945. 1 21 | 54: 167-169. Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la— On 1 leperotirgis Antennata Drake. |9] 41: 94-95. Usinger, R. L. — Xotes on the Synonymy and Classification of the Ericocephalidae. [3| 39: 170. 'Usinger, R. L.- Motes and Descriptions of Ceratocombus. |30| 12:633-636 (S*i. LEPIDOPTERA— Blevins, T. B.— Xotes on Zerem- eurydice. [28] 22: 74-75. Bourquin, F. — Metamorpho-i- of Megalopyge undnlata vulpina Berg. |34| 12: 387-393. Bourguin, F. — Metamorphosis of Megalopyge albicollis Walker. | 34 1 1 1 : 22-30. Bourquin, F.^On the metamor- phosis of Eulia fletcheriella Kohler. [34 1 10: 394-398. Bourguin, F. — Metamorphosis of Citheronia vogleri Wey- enb. | 34 | 10: 354-362. Bourquin, F. — Xotes on metamor- phosis of Opsiphanes guiteria ])hilon h'rust. | 34 | 1 : 75-76. Clench, H. K. — Notes on the Amvntor (iroup of tin- (ienns Thecla. |14| 79: 152-157 (*). Comstock, W. P.— A Sa- tnrnid from the Bahamas. |21] 54: 171-172. Engelhardt, G. P.— The X. A. Clear-Wing Moths of the Family Aegeri- idae. |41| 190: 1-201. PI. 1-32 (k*). Janse, A. J. T.- ('ontril)ntion to the study of the Phycitinac ( Pvralidae. l.rp.i. | I'M 4: 134-166; 5: 27-45; 7: 1-16; 8: 24-48. Koeh- ler, P.— ( )n the genus Eudule Hl)ii. | 34 | 1 : 61-64. Kohler, P. — Xew -pp. .if Argentine Lepidoptcra. | 34 | 10: 3oS 369 Lichy, R. — Documents ]>onr >ervir a 1'etnde des Sphingidae dn Vene/.uela. |4| 5: 1 5-2o. ill. Lichy, R.-- Documents 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS [Oct., '46 pour servir a 1 'etude des Lepidopteres du Venezuela. |4] 5: 1-13 (*). ill. McDunnough. J. — A Study of the Caryae- foliella Group of the Familv Coleophoridae (Lep.). [11] 78: 1-14 (k*). ill. McDunnough, J.— New N. A. Phalaeri- dae \v/notes. [11] 78:28-35. McDunnough, J. — Revision of the N. A. Genera and Spp. of Phalaenid Subfamily Plusi- inae (Lep.). [24] 2: 175-232 (k*). ill. Stallings, D. B. and Turner, J. R. — Notes on Kansas Butterflies. [20] 19: 110. Warren, B. C. S.; dos Passes, C. F., and Grey, L. P.— Sup- plementary Notes on the Classification of Argynninae ( Lep., Nymph.).' [31] 15: 71-73. DIPTERA— Alexander, C. P.— New or little-known Ti- pulidae (Dipt.)— LXXV. Neotropical Spp. [2| 12: 579- 609. Alexander, C. P. — Undescribed Spp. of Tipula from Western N. A. (Dipt.. Tip.), Part III. [9| 41 : 65-71. An- drews, H. W. — A suggested nomenclature for the Wino- Bands of certain Trypetidae (Dipt.). [16] 58: 75-78, ill. Bean, J. L. — A Preliminary List of the Mosquitoes of Maine. [ 1 1 ] 78 : 25-28. Belkin, J.' N., Knight, K. L., and Rozeboom, L. E. — Anopheline Mosquitoes of the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides. [22] 31: 241-265 (k*), ill. Blanchard, E. E. — Six new species of Argentine Otitidae. |33j 1 : 85-96. Blanchard, E. E. — Apuntes sobre Dipteros argentinos. [33| 1: 5-12 (*). Collart, A.— (See General.) Del Ponte, E. and Heredia, R. L. — Anopheles holmbergi n. sp. [34] 12 : 382-386. DeMeijere, J. C. H.— Die Larven der Agromy- zinen. |37| 1944: 65-74. Efflatoun Bey, H. C.— Mono- graph of Egyptian Diptera, Part VI, Bombyliidae. [6| 1945: i_483 *(k). Fluke, C. L. and Hull, F. M.— Syq>hid Flies of Genus Cheilosia, Subgenus Chilomyia in N. A. (Part II). [40] 36: 327-347 (k*), ill. Fox, L— A Review of the Spp. of Biting Midges or Culicoides from the Carib- bean Region (Dipt., Cerato.). [3] 39: 248-258 (k*). ill. Hoogstraal, H. — The larva and male of Aedes (Skuska) amesii (Ludlow). [29] 48: 125-131. Iriarte, D. R.— La Familia Simuliidae en Venezuela. [5] 14: 333-347, ill. Knight, K. L. — The Aedes (Finlaya) niveus subgroup of Oriental mosquitoes. [23 1 36: 270-280*. Ortiz," C. S.- Catalogo de los Dipteros de Chile. Santiago. 1946. pp. 1- 253 (*). Reinhard, H. J. — The genus Minthozelia in U. S. [20 1 19: 52-58. Reinhard, H. J.— Review of the Tachinid Genera Siphophyto and Coronimyia (Diptera). [29 1 48: 79-92 (k*). Rincones, R. G. — Juicio sobre el trabajo de in- corporacion del Dr. David R. Iriarte a la Academia National Ivii, '46] KXTOMOLOOU AI, XK\VS 203 cle Medicina. La Familia Simuliidae en Venezuela. [5| 14: 349-353. Roth, L. M.— The Female Genitalia of the \Vyeomyia of X. A. (Dipt.. Culic.). |3| 39: 292-297 (k), ill. Streisinger, G. — The Carclini Sp. Gp. of the Genii- Drosophila. [21| 54: 105-113. ill. (S*). Vargas, L.— The Anopheles pseudopunctipennis complex. [35 1 6: 265-270. COLEOPTERA — Aravena, R. O. — Coleoptera of the S. W. region of province of Buenos Aires. [34] 10: 347-350. Arrow, G. J. — A Xe\v Giant Sp. of Ruteline Coleoptera. [31 1 15: 49-50 (S), ill. Barber, H. S.— A Xe\v Tortoise beetle from Texas (Coleo, Cassid.). \9\ 41: 102-103. Blackwelder, R. E. — Checklist of the Coleopterous Insect> of Mexico. Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 4. [41 | 185: 551-763. Blake, D. H.- Species of beetles of genus Lactica from West Indies closelv related to L. tibialis (Olivier). [23 1 36: 267-269 *(kj. Blake, D. H. — Seven new spp. of West Indian Chrysomeli- dae. [29] 48: 111-119. Bradley, J. C.— The Family Xame of Anthribidae (Coleo.). the Identity of Amblycerus thon- berg. and the Taxonomic Position of Eusphvrus Le Conte. [9] 41 : 96-99. Cartwright, O. L.— Two Xew Psammodius from S. East U. S. (Coleo.. Scarab.). [9| 41 : 89-91. Cha- pin, E. A. — Review of the Xew World Spp. of Hippodamia Dejean (Coleo. Coccin.). |36| 106: 1-39 + PI. 1-22 (f). Denier, P. C. L. — Enumeration! Coleopterorum ameriean- orum familiae Meloidarum. [34] 10: 418-425 (*). Denier, P. C. L. — Estudios sobre Meloidos Americanos. [33] 1 : 15-28. Dethlefsen, E. S.— A X. Sp. of Bolitobius from the Pacific Coast. [28 1 22: 71-72. Dillon, L. S. and E. S. -The Tribe Onciderini. Part II. [32| (k*). ill. Dillon. L. S. and E. S. — Review of the Onocephalini (Coleo., CVr- amb.). 1 38 1 72: 27-48 (Sk*). ill. Fender, K. M.— Some Xew Oregon Beetles. [28] 22: 66-68 (k). Frick, K. E._- Xew Record for Aulicus terrestris Linsley. |28| 22: 55. Green, J. W. — A X. Sp. of Enochrus (Coleo., Hvdro. ). |38| 72: 61-64 (k). ill. Hagen, K. S.— Occurrence of Ceu- torhynchus assimilis ( Paykull ) in Calif. [28| 22: 73. Hatch, M. H. — Xote on Introduced Spp. of Carabus in X. A. [9] 41 : 71. Hatch, M. H.— Mr. Ross II. ArnettV "Revision of the Xearctic Silphini and Xicrophorini." [21] 54: 99- 103. Hatch, M. H. — Notes on European Coleoptera in Washington, including a n. sp. of Megasternum. | 2S | 22: 77-80 (k). Hinton, H. E. — Svnopsis of Brazilian Spp. of Elsianus Sharp (Coleo.. Elm.)". |3'»| <»6: 125-149 (k*), ill. 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '46 Knull, J. N. — A X. Sp. of Dirhagus w notes on Other Eu- cremidae (Coleo.). |3| 39: 246-247. Krause, J. B.— See under Anat. Kuschel, P. G. — Aportes entomologicos (II) -Cratosomus Gyll. (Coleop., Curcul.). [34] 12: 359-381 (*k). Linsley, E. G. — Preliminary Key to the Spp. of Pleocoma. [28] 22: 61-65. 'Martinez, A. — New and little known insects (IV) (Col. Scarab.). [34] 12: 394-409 (S). Monros, F. — Tres interesantes eonfusiones en Chrysome- loidea neotropicales. [34] 12: 410-415. Nunenmacher, F. W. — Studies Among the Coccinellidae, No. 10. [28] 22: 72-73 (*). d'Orchymont, A. — A propos du nom de famille Ptiliidae. [8] 81 : 237-239. Pate, V. S. L.— A Minute on l>icheloryx Harris 1827. 1 28] 22 : 68. Pic, M.— New South American Coleoptera. [33 1 1 : 73-74. Ray, E. — Studies of N. A. Mordellidae II. [28] 22: 41-50. ill. (*), Reinhard, H. J.— A new Phyllophaga from Texas. [20] 19: 69-70. Robinson, M. — Studies in the Scarabaeidae III (Coleo.). [38] 72: 49-59 (*). Shull, A. F.— The Standards by which the Spotless Phase of H. convergens is Judged. [3] 39: 190-192. Tilden, J. W.— Schizopus in Monterey Co., Cal. [28 1 22: 60. Uhmann, E. — Zwei neue Hispiden aus Para- guay. [33 J 1: 13-14. HYMENOPTERA— Benson, R. B.— Classification of Cephidae -(Hymen., Symph.). [39] 96: 89-108 (k*), ill. Blanchard, E. E. — New parasitic Hymenoptera. [34] 11: 3-21. Blanchard, E. E. — New Ichneumonoidea of Argen- tina. [33] 1 : 37-50. Daguerre, J. B. — Nests of the genus Atta Fab. in Argentina. [34| 12: 438-460 (k). Donis- thorpe, H.— Formicidae, Stephens (1829). [16] 58: 89-91. Donisthorpe, H. — See under Anat., etc. Dreisbach, R. R.— Green Halictine Bees of Genera Agapostemon, Augochlora, Augochlorella and Augochloropsis (Hym.. Apo.) in Mich, w/keys and distribution. [25] 30: 221-227. Enzmann, J. — Crematogaster lineolata cerasi, the Cherry Ant of Asa Fitch (with a Survey of the American Forms of Cremato- gaster, Subgenus Acrocoelia). [21 | 54: 89-97. ill. (k*). Fox-Wilson, G. — See under Anat. Gemignani, E. V. — A new sp. of Trypoxylon. [34] 11 : 42-44. Gemignani, E. V. -Types of spp. of genus Trypoxylon in Mus. Argent, de Cienc. Nat. |34] 10: 434-447. Honore, A. M.— Nomen- clature and type spp. of the genera of Sphecidae. [6] 1943. 29-56. Ogloblin, A. A. — A new sp. of genus Nenomymar Crawf. (Mymaridae, Hym.). [33] 1: 97-100. Pate, V. S. L. — New Records of Sphecoid \Yasps from N. East U. S. h'ii. '46) KXTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS 2<)5 |9J 41: 91. Pate, V. S. L.— Prey Records of Gorytiue Wasps (Hymen., Sphec.). [9| 41 :' 99. Pate, V. S. L.- Minute on Ampulex Jurine, 1807 (Hvmen., Sphec.). [9] 41: 101. Strickland, E. H. — An Annotated List of the Ichneumonoidea of Alberta. [ 1 1 | 78 : 36-46. Tulloch, G. S. — The Thoracic Structure of Worker Ants of Genu.- Pheidologeton. [9| 41: 92-93, ill. Williams, F. X.— Two X". Sp. of Astatinae. \v/notes on the Habits of the < iroup. [30J 12: 641-650. ill. SPECIAL— On the Status of the Xames Serphus Schrank, 1780, and Proctotrupes Latreille, 1796. |27| 2: 545-556. On the Status of the Xames Sphex L.. 1758. and Ammophila Kirby. 1798. [27J 2: 56<»-588. On the Type of the Genus Euchloe Hiibner |181'>|. [27 1 2: 533-544. On the Type of the Genus Princeps Hiibner | 1807). and its Synonym Orpheides Hiibner |1819|. [27 1 2: 557-568. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Anales del Mus. Argent, de Ciencias Xat. 2. — Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3.— Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 4.— Bol. de Entom. Yenezolana. 5. — Bol. del Lab. de la Clinica Luis Rozetti. 6. — Bull, de la Soc. Fouad d'Entom. 7. — Bull, de la Soc. de Naturalistes. Moscow. 8. — Bull, et Ann. Soc. Entom. Belgique. 9. — Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc. 10.— Mull. Entom. Research. 11. — Canadian Entomologist. 12. —Ceylon Journ. of Sci. 13. — Entomologia Americana. 14. -Entomologist. 15. — Entom. Monthly Mag. 16. — En- tom. Record & Jour. Variation. 17. — Florida Entomologist. 18. — Jour. Economic Entom. 19. — Jour. Entom. Soc. South Africa. 20. — Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc. 21. — Jour. New York Entom. Soc. 22. — Jour, of Parasitology. 23. — Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24.— Mem. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25.— Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts & Letters. 26. — Mitteilung d. Schweiz. Lnt. Gesell. 27.— Opinions & Declar., Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 28. — Pan-Pacific Entom. 29. — Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 30. — Proc. Hawaiian Entom. Soc. 31.— Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. (A). 32.— Reading Publ. Mus. & Art Gallery. 33. — Revista Argentina de Entom. 34. — Revista de la Soc. Entom. Argentina. 35. — Revista del Inst. de Salub. y Enferm. Tropic., Mexico. 36. — Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 37. — Tijdschrift v. entomologie, Amsterdam. 38.— Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 39. — Trans. Roy. Entom. Soc. London. 40. — Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts & Letters. 41.— U. S. Nat. Mu^. Mull. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '46 Review PRACTICAL MALARIOLOGY. By Paul F. Russell, Luther S. West and Reginald D. Mamvell, xix + 684 pp. W. B. Saun- ders Company, Philadelphia. London, 1946. $8.00. Practical Malariology was prepared under the auspices of the Division of Medical Sciences of the National Research Council and is designed to give field, laboratory and clinical information about malaria. It was originally started as a military medical manual but has been changed to conform with civilian needs. The volume presents in an interesting narrative form an up-to- the-minute account of malariology that should prove to be of great value to all who are interested in this subject. The method of presentation is such that the book is not only inter- esting reading but useful as a source of general information and reference. Particularly valuable are the excellent digest of important recent literature and the carefully selected bibliogra- phies. Aside from a relatively short historical introduction it contains sections on the parasite, mosquitoes, man. the commu- nity, prophylaxis and control, and therapeutic malaria, and an appendix with keys to the Anophelini of the world. The section on the parasite not only discusses the human Plasmoclia but also summarizes what is known concerning the various animal forms, both those used in experimental projects and others but newly discovered or poorly known. In this sec- tion one finds ". . . Physiologic peculiarities of a species may be just as real, and perhaps just as stable, but do not seem to be sufficient grounds for establishing new species." While "physiologic" species do not ease the lot of the investigator, is it feasible arbitrarily to deny them recognition ? Particularly in entomology, the noting of physiologic differences and at times the naming of such forms has stimulated more critical morpho- logical surveys. In many cases these have revealed substan- tiating characters. Perhaps refinements in technics and further investigations will reveal more readily recognized differences in the Plasmodia. but even if these fail should not the findings be the guide, not the ease of applying a measure? In this section Ivii, '46 1 I:\TOMOLOGICAI. \F.\VS 207 the chapter on laboratory technics summarizes the many impor- tant new methods available for research and diagnosis. In addition to the usual morphology, taxonomy and biology, the section on mosquitoes includes interesting chapters on bio- nomics and distribution. In the latter are tables, by zoogeo- graphic regions and subregions. of the important vectors show- ing areas where they are of importance, general range and larval habitat. Again there is a useful section on laboratory and field technics and a selected bibliography. The pathology and clinical aspects are reviewed in the section on man and the various available treatments are discussed. The chapter on immunity, latency and relapse while giving an analy- sis of the available information clearly shows one of the many lacunae in our knowledge of malaria. The epidemiology of malaria, a discussion of the types of epidemics and the influence of climatological factors as well as methods of making surveys are interestingly covered in the section dealing with the com- munity. The section on therapeutic malaria presents a summa- tion of available knowledge. Effective utilization of information discussed in the earlier sections and a discussion of various methods of prophylaxis and control are fully covered. The concise presentation of recent advances and the selected bibliography are valuable contribu- tions. Revised keys to the Anophelini of the world, which, while following previous keys, have some important changes, form an appendix. As new forms have been added and the status of several has been changed it is regretted that a selected bibliog- raphy has not been included. Practical Malariology will undoubtedly prove to be one of the valuable contributions to the subject in recent tinie^. I. W. H. RKIIN This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Odonata — "Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both imagos and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io- moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. Lepidoptera — Wanted, Hyloicus (Sphinx) and other Sphingidae in exchange for U. S. and Wisconsin Lepidoptera. Win. E. Sicker, 119 Monona Ave., Madison 3. Wisconsin. Hymenoptera-Aculeata (except ants and bees) and Ichneumonidae for exchange or purchase. Will collect any order in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., NW, Washington 11, D. C. Wanted — Oriental Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae for determi- nation and research purposes: China, India, Philippines, Pacific. Will purchase from China, Assam, Burma, Siam, Formosa. Will exchange identified Chinese insects. ]. Linsley Gressitt, Lingnan University,. Canton, China. Wanted — Papers on Cicindelidae of any part of the world, espe- cially South America and Pacific. R. Ci. Dahl, 3225 Grand Ave.,. Apt. 13, Oakland 10. Cal. Chrysididae — Wanted for determination in preparation of revision. Win. G. Bodenstein, Galesville, Maryland. Coccinelidae — Wanted from other localities. Will buy or exchange for misc. So. Cal. coleops. F. W. Furry, 1633 Virginia Ave., Glen- dale 2, Cal. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozebooin and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1119.— Cresson (E. T. Jr.)— Synopses of No. Amer. Ephydridae. la. Supplement of part I on the subfam. Psilopinae. II. The tribes Hydrelliini, Hydrinini and Ilytheini of the subfam. Notiphilinae, with descr. of n. sps. (70: 159-180, 1944) ... $ .40 1123. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Indoaustralian Ephydridrae. I. The subfam. Psilo- pinae. (71: 47-75, 1945) 60 1127. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Neotropical Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae. (71: 129-163, 1946) ..' 75 1126. — Rapp (W. F.) — Two new Nemocera Diptera. (Sciaridae and Cecidomyidae). (71 : 125-128, figs., 1946) 20 THE BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPETID LARVAE By VENIA TARRIS PHILLIPS Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 12, 161 pp., 16 pis., 1946 This is a comprehensive work describing and figuring the important characteristics of the larvae of forty five species of American fruit flies (Diptera). An indispensible work for economic en- tomologists. It includes a glossary of the terms used in the descriptions; a list of 442 species of the family, with their known hosts; a list of their host plants; and an extensive bibliography. The plates contain 192 exquisitely executed figures. Price $5.00 (postpaid, domestic delivery) U. S. Currency, remittance must accompany order. HYMENOPTERA 1118. — Bradley (J. C.) — A preliminary revision of the Pompilinae of the Americas exclusive of the tribe Pompilini. (70: 23-157, 2 pis., 1944) 1.60 LEPIDOPTERA 1125. — Jones (F. M.) — Platoeceticus and a remarkable n. sp. of the genus (Psychidae). (71 : 99-124, 6 pis., 1945) 75 ORTHOPTERA 1121. — Tinkham (E R.) — Sinochlora, a new tettigoniid gen. from China, with descr. of 5 n. sps. (70: 235-246, 2 pis., 1945) . . .25 1124. — Hebard (M.) — Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mountains in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Virginia, and notes on other Appalachian sps. and recent extensions of the known range of still other southeastern sps. (71: 77-97, 1945) ... .45 1120. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — A revision of the locusts of the group Hy- alopteryges (Acrididae). (70: 181-234, 1 pi., 1944) 1.00 1117. — Rehn and Rehn — Studies of certain Cyrtacanthacridoid gen. (Acrididae). II. Prumnacris, a new No. Amer. gen. of Holarctic type. (70: 1-21, 2 pis., 1944) 50 1122.— III. Buckellacris, another new No. Amer. gen. of Hoi- arctic type. (71 : 1-45, 2 pis., 1945) 1 .00 Have you renewed your subscription? ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS NOVEMBER I!..,. Vol. LVII No. 9 CONTENTS La Rivers — Dragonfly observations in Nevada Obituary Ries — Uroceras gigas in Brazil Personal Pate— Generic names of the Sapygidae ^^^fU^jK^S^^'ZW Lasky — Mosquitoes at Denver, Colorado (cont.) 222 Shappirio — Notes on wasps 229 Entomological Literature 230 FEB 111947 p u ,.«* PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50: 100 copies, $3,00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00: 50 copies. $4.00: 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6,25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies. $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75: additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00: additionals at ll/2 cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PR-ESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII NOVEMBER. 1946 \o. 9 Some Dragonfly Observations in Alkaline Areas in Nevada Bv IRA LA RIVERS. Nevada Academy of Natural Sciences, Reno. Nevada Ophiogomphus morrisoni Selys 1879 This Pacific coast species enters the western Great Basin along streamways which head in the Sierra Nevada mountains and end in desert basins in Nevada. In 1914, Kennedy (1917) found it prominent on the Truckee River system from Lake Tahoe (6225 feet elevation) down to the valleys and alkali plains of central western Nevada at elevations-as low as 3800 feet. The difference in elevation does not seem marked, at first glance, but climatic conditions are radically altered from the one situation to the other. Lake Tahoe lies in the High Sierras surrounded by dense coniferous forests. As zonations go, this vicinity can be accredited to the Transition, and possesses an average rainfall of 20 inches. On the flats of adjacent central Nevada, Upper Sonoran elements constitute the zonational pic- ture and over most of this vast region, Atriplc.v and Sarcobatus (shadscale and greasewood) replace the sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) so popularly and erroneously thought to characterize most of the Upper Sonoran zone in Nevada. Annual rainfall decreases to less than 4 inches in portions of this region within the immediate range of 0. morrisoni. This diversification of the floral picture is somewhat mislead- ing, however, in any consideration of dragonfly ecology, for aquatic insects do not generally reflect such extreme changes in external temperatures since water is more stable in this respect than ground or air. and humidity is no longer a factor. So while certain dragonflies may be definitely restricted to high col.! (209) 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., '46 mountain streams, and others to the warmer waters of lowlands, many occur indiscriminately in the two areas, generally re- quiring only certain types of stream bottoms on which to pass the naiadal stage. This is the case with O. morrisoni; not only does it occupy both types of habitats, but occurs in waters varying widely in percentage of total solids, from fresh to brackish. The Truckee River in its upper reaches is one of the purest of mountain streams — in its extreme lower stretches where it meanders through alkaline desert ground, it becomes increasingly brackish. Pyramid Lake, a tectonic basin of considerable proportions into which the Truckee River naturally empties, is quite brackish. Only one requirement seems consistently needed for the spe- cies— that of a gravelly or sandy bottom for the naiad stage. Kennedy (1917) records it frequenting gravel bars and beaches from the High Sierras to the Humboldt River system east of Pyramid Lake. In the vicinity of Pyramid Lake, I have found it more commonly, and in many cases, exclusively, on sand beaches and bars, but there can be little intrinsic difference here between the two habitats, intergrading as they do. The subspecies O. morrisoni nevadensis Kennedy 1917 was based on specimens from the western Great Basin, typical morri- soni being delimited to higher montane areas to the adjacent west. There is little actual difference between the two varieties, but nevadensis seems good on the basis of ecological considerations. The exact inter-relationships of the group of Ophiogoiuplii con- taining the species occidcntis, sevcrus and morrisoni have yet to be worked out. Very probably intergrading forms will be found, when material from the concerned Western areas can be com- pared. All are somewhat unstable, exhibiting considerable in- dividual variation, both in coloration and genitalia. O. morrisoni has been recorded from both the Truckee and Humboldt River systems in Nevada (Kennedy 1917, La- Rivers 1940, 1941), where it is quite common. Dr. Kennedy's Pyramid Lake specimens were taken in August of 1914 and, from his notes (1917), seem to have come from the Truckee River a few miles from its delta at the southeast edge of the lake. Under Ivii. '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 the description of 0. in. iicracicnsis, he lists the allotype from "Pyramid Lake, Nevada," but in a list of captures at Pyramid Lake, no 0. m. nevadensis is mentioned. In any event, his col- lecting locality at the Lake seems to have been in the neighbor- hood of a mile east of the river mouth. Here the lake waters are comparatively fresh as against the salinity concentrations achieved farther north. For many years I have known of an almost phenomenal abun- dance of the species in the brackish middle waters of the lake as evidenced by the cast skins of emergent naiads left conspicuously on lime-whitened tufa domes just above water level in the vicin- ity of the Pyramid, a massive rock-island close to the eastern shores of the lake. However, I was never able to collect the spot at optimum emergence time, and naiads never seemed abundant. During June 19-20, 1946, the species was found emerging in large numbers about rocks surrounded by sandy shore in the vicinity of the Pyramid, and was the only immature form to be taken from the water, although adult Syinpctntin corrupt u in were regular inhabitants. While most emergences apparently took place during the night or early morning hours, many naiads crawled up on the rough tufa on shaded sides, or hid under slabs of tufa and went through the process of emer- gence during all hours of the day. Cast skins were everywhere, but imagines were only rarely seen, a fact attesting the nervous activity and wide-ranging propensity of adults. The process of emergence occupied only some 30 minutes, at the end of which the very pale tenerals had expanded their wings sufficiently to flutter to a more protected spot on the rocks. Specimens hardened in paper sacks required some 24 hours to attain a good color, and were not then entirely hardened. Air temperature at 3 P.M. was 90°F, and lake water along the shal- low, sanded beach varied from 64°F to 73°F, depending on whether it lay in the shade or exposed to the hot desert sun. Xaiads came up in about equal numbers from both shaded and unshaded water. Water temperatures were obtained from six inches of depth — temperatures dropped sharply in several feet of water some distance from the shore. 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '46 The ability of O. morrisoni to tolerate wide variations in brackishness can be demonstrated by the fact that Pyramid Lake has undergone marked changes in volume in the 100 years since its discovery by the white man, and is now at the lowest and most brackish level in its recorded history. When discovered by Fremont in the winter of 1844, the lake has been reliably esti- mated to have stood at an elevation of 3860 feet (Hardman and Venstrom 1941), which was considered low under normal con- ditions. It rose to a maximum of 3879 feet in 1868, remained above 3860 feet until 1917, since which time it has steadily dropped until it stood at 3818 feet in 1939. At the present writ- ing (1946) it stands at 3814 feet (Dukes 1946) and seems to have established a quasi-equilibrium with the greatly curtailed Truckee River inflow. It will doubtless retreat farther in the ensuing years, but the period of accelerated recession such as occurred between 1917 and 1939 when the lake level dropped nearly 50 feet in 22 years seems to be over. From 1939 to 1946, the level receded at an average rate of 7 inches per year as com- pared with 27 inches per year during the 1917-1939 interval. Tree-ring studies of the Truckee River system watershed (Hardman and Reil 1936) indicated that drought conditions prevailed in the area for many years prior to 1860, at which time increased precipitation raised the lake level considerably. This continued until about 1917, when drought again became domi- nant ; this, coupled with the tapping of the lower Truckee River by the Fallon agricultural district's Derby Canal in 1908, was sufficient to initiate extreme desiccation of the Pyramid Lake area. During Dr. Kennedy's collecting visit to the south end of Pyramid Lake, the water level stood between 3865 and 3861 feet, some 50 feet higher than it is today, although he erroneously listed it at 3880 feet. Its companion lake, Winnemucca, then with approximately 70 feet of water in its deepest portions, is now (1946) absolutely dry, and has been so for nearly ten years, being now a large alkaline flat or playa, containing water only during the winter and spring rains. During Jones' (1925) 1914 analyses of Pyramid Lake at a level of about 3863 feet, the water showed a content of approximately 0.270% NaCl, or about one-tenth that of seawater. Hutch- inson's (1937) 1933 investigations gave him a figure approxi- Ivii. '46] KXTOMOLOGICAL \K\vs 213 mating 0.320% for an elevation of about 3826 feet, or something like an eighth that of sea water. Analyses by Miller (1946) for 1943 indicate a salinity of approximately 0.334% at a lake level of 3815.5 feet. His analyses for 1944 were quite similar, show- ing a salinity remaining at approximately that of the 1943 level. During the summer of 1946, I took a water sample at Fremont Point, on the mid-eastern shore of Pyramid Lake at the focus of Ophiogomphus inorrisoni emergence previously mentioned, which Mr. Miller was kind enough to run. The sample was ob- tained in about a foot of constantly-moving water along the sandy beach, care being taken to eliminate the obvious, macro- scopic sediments in suspension. The resulting analysis showed a total salinity of 0.350% ; lake elevation was 3814 feet. The increase over the 1943 figure is possibly attributable to the prox- imity of the shoreline, which is demonstrably contributing ma- terial to the lake with each rain, and also to the leaching action of the waves. It is thus apparent that concentration of electrolytes is pro- ceeding systematically in the lowering lake, and it is quite ob- vious that a point will be reached eventually at which such con- centration will progressively eliminate much of the animal life now occupying the basin, leaving only a few halobiotes. Hut- chinson (1937) mentions the finding of "a very large number of dead dry fish" on a low terrace in Winnemucca Lake, shallow companion of Pyramid Lake, "three meters above the water level" (of 1933), which were determined as Lcitcidius pcctinijcr Snyder 1917, a lake chub now (1946) swarming in Pyramid Lake, and once as common in Winnemucca Lake. A strict lake breeder, this species was perhaps the last to go, although no spe- cific data are available for several other species once common to the lake. These were presumably killed by electrolytic con- centration which had reached a lethal point, and probably died during 1930, when the lake stood approximately three meters above the level of 1933. The NaCl concentration during Hutch- inson's investigations of Winnemucca Lake stood at approxi- mately 5.0% and a slightly lower value undoubtedly prevailed when the lake was ten feet higher. However, in such specula- tions, there are other electrolytes than sodium and chlorine to be considered ; calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sul- 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '46 fates, carbonates and bicarbonates are all present, are all con- centrating at the present time, and must all be accorded a part in the picture — how much of a part is not apparent at present. Some idea of their prevalence may be gained by comparing total solids in Pyramid Lake with total salt content. For example, total solids during Jones' analyses amounted to approximately 0.35% for the lake as against 0.27% of salt ; the 0.08% represent- ing ions other than sodium and chlorine. Miller's 1943 analyses give total solids approximating 0.47%, an increase of 0.12% over Jones' figures. No such data are available on lethal concentra- tions for insects, which flourished in Winnemucca as they do in Pyramid today, but it is certain the latter will have to recede tremendously from what it is today before such concentrations become effective. Pyramid Lake now has slightly more than 300 feet of water in its deepest portions, although small de- creases in water level will leave large areas at the shallow north and south ends exposed. If and when the lake becomes too saline to support non-halophiles, such species will undoubtedly move to the freshwater sloughs about the mouth of the river and to the river itself. Dr. Kennedy gives a specific gravity of 1.0034 for Pyramid Lake in 1914. My data indicate a slightly smaller figure. By 1943, when the lake level had receded nearly 48 feet from its 1914 elevation, the specific gravity stood at a fraction in excess of 1.004. It would seem, from Osborn's data (1906), that a critical point may be approaching for odonates, but at present, a large population of several species flourishes in the lake, as well as other non-halophiles upon which the naiads prey, and at the slowly accumulative rate of salinity concentration now prevail- ing, it would seem that no sudden extinction awaits the naiadal population, but rather a gradual lessening of its numbers. The damselfly Etiallagina clausuni Morse 1895 was quite abun- dant about the sanded shore margins of the lake in the vicinity of the Pyramid, but naiads were only rarely found, and these where many tufa fragments lay in the water and provided cover. Adults, however, were common perching on dried tumbleweed or Russian thistle (Sahola kali tcnuijoUa} lying partially imbedded along the shore. Ivii. '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 215 SPRING. SOUTH SMOKE CREEK DESERT While field collecting during June of 1946, I found a local fo- cus of dragonflies at the south end of the Smoke Creek desert, 55 miles due north of Reno, Nevada (\\ashoe County), and some 70 miles by road. This desert, a massive alkali flat 35 miles long and 8 miles wide, is the southernmost of a chain of >uch sinks stretching from the north end of Pyramid Lake for r a hundred miles northeasterly across northwestern Nevada, and all are remnants of Pleistocene Lake Lahontan. Water is excessively scarce in these waste areas and we came without warning upon the highly mineralized springs in the Sarcobatetum I'cnnicnlati (Billings 1945) about a mile south of the south end of the Smoke Creek desert. Such areas as this are of interest to the odonatist in the Great Basin since the dragonfly popula- tion is generally discontinuous and concentrated about such spots. The many miles intervening are devoid of all but a few wanderers. South of the springs sanded hills rose to a moderately-sized ridge — between the springs and the desert the soil became de- creasingly sandy and increasingly alkaline. Greasewood (Sar- cobatus rcniiicnlatiis) prevailed and grew large and sturdy. No trees grew about the springs, but some 300 yards of shallow, narrow ponds lay on the alkali hardpan, fed by two springs, and bearing extensive growths of sedges and grasses. Over these pools dragonflies of many species swarmed. Some swept per- sistently over the water, others were found only among the greasewood about the ponds. Seining produced very few naiads, chiefly those of Plathciuis I yd in siihannitit, which was by far the commonest species over the pond. The following species were taken: (21/VII/46, el. 4000 ft., LaR. & Christen sen). Anax junius (l)rury) 1773. Occasional individuals beat over the pools on wider circuits which carried them some distances out in the Surcobatctnin. Uncommon. 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '46 Aeshna multicolor Hagen 1861. These were common, and, while met occasionally beating over the surrounding grease- wood, were most in evidence working carefully through the mediumly-dense thickets of sedges at an average height mid- way between the water and the tops of the plants — they were quite adept and persistent in this type of hunting, and seemed more stealthy than usual. They invariably pur- sued any Atiax juniits which appeared. Libellula saturate Uhler 1857. Only one individual was seen over the greasewood some distance from the ponds. Libellula pulchella Drury 1773. Somewhat less common than Aeshna multicolor, and, like it, found over pond and greasewood. Libellula composita Hagen 1873. Only a few individuals of this white-faced, distinctly blue-bodied species were seen. All were found in the Sarcobatetum about the ponds, and were difficult to catch in the brisk breeze then prevailing. Plathemis lydia subornata Hagen 1861. This form, only weakly differentiated from typical lydia, was by far the commonest dragonfly, and was seemingly restricted to the pond areas, where it beat over the water in regular cir- cuits, Libellula satttrata-iashion. The only female seen was perpetually molested by the numerous males as she sought to oviposit in marginal waters (June 21). With Erythemis simplicicollis and Sympetrum corrupt inn, this is generally the only species found in the smaller springs of this area of the desert, springs which are often only muddy seeps, generally near the base of a hill, and few and far between. Sympetrum corruptum Hagen 1861. This was not com- mon, only a few individuals being seen, with males and fe- males about equally represented. Pachydiplax longipennis Burmeister 1839. One specimen was taken in the brush some distance from water. Erythemis simplicicollis Say 1839. Several individuals were seen, and one taken, both in the Sarcobatetum and about the pond margins. Strangely enough, no Pantala or Trapezostiguia were seen. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217 Lestes congener Hagen 1861. This large damselfly was not common about the ponds, but was usually found resting in the greasewood about the water, wings half-spread in char- acteristic fashion. Ischnura denticollis Burmeister 1839. Common, and one of the smallest species present ; confined apparently to the pond margins. Ischnura cervula Selys 1876. ( >nc specimen was taken at the pond margin. REFERENCES BILLINGS, W. D. 1945. The plant associations of the Carson desert region, western Nevada. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies 7: 89-123. DUKES, H. C. 1946. Personal communication. Office of the Truckee River watermaster, Reno, Nevada. HARDMAX, G. and O. E. REIL. 1936. Relationship between tree growth and stream run-off in the Truckee River basin, California-Nevada. Nev. Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 141. HARDMAN, G. and C. VENSTROM. 1941. A 100-year record of Truckee River run-off estimated from changes in levels and volumes of Pyramid and Winnemucca Lakes. Trans. Amer. Geophysical Union 1941 : 71-90. HUTCHINSON, G. E. 1937. A contribution to the limnology of arid regions. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci. 33 : 47-132. KENNEDY, C. H. 1917. Notes on the life history and ecology of the dfagonflies (Odonata) of central California and Nevada. Proc. U.S.N.M. 52: 483-635 (Separate No. 2192). LA RIVERS, I. 1940. A preliminary synopsis of the dragonflies of Nevada. Pan-Pac. Ent. 16: 111-123. — . 1941. Additions to the list of Nevada dragonflies. Ent. News 52: 126-130, 155-157. MILLER, M. R. 1946. Personal communication. Chemical laboratory, Agric. Exper. Station, Reno, Nevada. Obituary Morgan Hebard, one of our leading students of the Orthop- tera and Dermaptera, died suddenly on December 28, 1946. at his home in suburban Philadelphia. A biographical sketch of his life will appear in an early number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '46 Urocerus gigas Fabricius in Brazil (Hym. : Siricidae) By DONALD T. RIES, Illinois State Normal University, Normal, Illinois • Several years ago while checking some sawflies in the collec- tion of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. I found seven specimens of Siricidae which, according to the la- bels, were collected at "Itunana River, Matto Crosse, Brazil, 1880." This is without doubt Matta Grosso, the large dense forest province of inland Brazil. No previous record of the occurrence of Siricidae in South America has been found in literature. I identified the specimens (all females) as Urocerus gigas Fabricius, a common palearctic species. This identification was corroborated by Mr. Robert B. Benson of the British Museum (Natural History) who kindly compared one of the specimens with material in that institution. Although it is common through Europe and Asia, no records of this species have heretofore been reported from the western hemisphere. The most logical explanation for its occurrence in South America is that lumber containing the larval stages was shipped in from some European country. A similar instance of the importation of nearctic specie^ "i Siricidae to England in lumber has been recently recorded by Benson (Ent. Monthly Mag., Ixxxi, 67-68, 1945). Personal Dr. H. Radclyffe Roberts, Assistant Curator in the Depart- ment of Insects, member of the Board of Trustees and of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Natural Sciences, has been appointed Managing Director of that Academy as of January 1, 1947. Dr. Roberts is known among entomologists for his original work on Orthoptera and as joint author of the two parts of the ''Mosquito Atlas." Ivii. '46 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219 The Generic Names of the Sapygidae and their Type Species (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) By V. S. L. PATE, Ithaca, X. Y. The Sapygidae are a small family of approximately eighty described species, distributed among nine genera. Representa- tives of the family occur in all the major zoogeographic regions of the world with the exception of the Australian Realm. In the past, the Sapygidae have been regarded as a wholly parasitic group and their exact taxonomic position has long been a matter of conjecture. But Fedtsclicnkia, hitherto generally considered to be a somewhat aberrant J\Iutillid, is indubitably a Sapygid and is the type of a separate and distinct subfamily. The structure of the legs indicates that the members of this Holarctic genus are without question fossorial forms. Indeed, the general habitus of Fedtsclicnkia is so very similar to that of the present day Anthoboscines, there can be little question that the Sapygidae arose from the ancestral stock of those forms. A list of the generic and subgeneric names proposed for Sapygidae, with the type species of each, is presented below. The form of citation used is the same as that introduced in my catalogues 1 of the generic names of the Sphecoid wasps and of the Psammocharidae. Aclastocera Forster, 1855. Verb, naturhist. Yer. preuss. Rheinl. ti. Westphal., XII, p. 247. TYPE: Aclastocera Frivaldskii Forster, 1855 [= Poloclinun repandnui Spinola, 1805]. (Monobasic.) Isogenotypic with Polochntui Spinola, 1805, q.r. Araucania - new genus for Laura Reed, 1930 nee Trinchese, 1873 * nee Lacaze-Duthiers. 1883.4 TYPE: Laura cliilcnsis Ree*d, 1930 [= Anuieania cliilcnsis (Reed)]. Isogenotypic with Laura Reed, 1930, q.r. T-Sphccidae: Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. no. 9, (1937). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LXXII, pp. 65-137, (1946). - After the Araucanian Indians of Chile. 3 Trinchese, 1873, Mem. Accacl. Sci. 1st. Bologna, (3), IV, p. 198. 4 Lacaze-Duthiers, 1883, Mem. Aca.l. France, (2), XLII, no. 2, p. 1. 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov.. '46 Arthrosapyga Pic, 1920. L'Echange, Revue Linneenne (Mou- lins), [XXXVI], no. 400. p. 15; (Aug. 2, 1920). [Several species.] TYPE: Sapyga (Arthrosapyga} soncta Pic, 1920. (Original designation.) Cosilella Banks, 1913. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII, p. 237; (July 9, 1913). TYPE: Cosila (Cosilella) plntonis Banks, 1913 r' [=•- Tclc- phoromyia anthracina Ashmead, 1898 = Fedtschenkia anthracina (Ashmead)]. (By original designation and monobasic.) Eusapyga Cresson, 1880. Proc. Ent. Sect. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1880, p. xx in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VIII. (Dec. 1880). [Five species.] TYPE: Sapyga (Eusapyga) nibripes Cresson, 1880 [= Eu- sapyga nibripes (Cresson)]. (By designation of Ashmead, Jan. 5, 1903, Canad. Entom., XXXV, p. 3.) Fedtschenkia de Saussure, 1880.6 [in Fedtschenko], Reise in Turkestan, II, Zool. Th., 13 Hymenoptera: Scoliidae, p. 13. [Bull. Imp. Gesell. Fr. Nat. Hist., Anthropol., Ethnograph., XXVI, p. 10.] TYPE: Fedtschenkia grossa de Saussure, 1880. (Monobasic.) Hellus Fabricius, 1805. Systema Piezatorum, p. xiii [genus only] ; p. 246. [Seven species.] TYPE: Hellus 6-piinctatus Fabricius, 1805 ~ [= Scolia 5-punc- tata Fabricius, 1781 := Sapyga 5-pnnctata (Fabricius)]. (Fixed by Shuckarcl, 1837, Essay Indig. Fossor. Hymen., p. 44.) Isogenotypic with Sapyga Latreille, 1796, q.v. Laura E. P. Reed, 1930 nee Trinchese, 1873 ncc Lacaze-Du- thiers, 1883. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., XXXIII, p. 508. 5 After examining the type of Cosila (Cosilella) plntonis Banks, a female in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, I am convinced that it is merely the opposite sex of the species which Ash- mead described fifteen years earlier as Tclcphoromyia authracina. 6 The western North American species anthracina, which Ashmead in 1898 described and assigned to the Thynnid genus Telephoromyia, is referable to the genus Fedtschenkia. 7 Fabricius indicated he considered, but did not designate, this species as type. Ivii, '4(>j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221 TYPE: Laura chilensis E. P. Reed, 1930 [= Sapyga chilensis (Reed) 8 = Arancania chilensis (Reed)]. (Monobasic.) Isogenotypic with Arancania new7 genus, q.r. Monosapyga Pic, 1920. L'Echange, Revue Linneenne, (Mou- lins), [XXXVI], no. 400, p. 15; (Aug. 2, 1920). TYPE: Sapyga (Monosapyga) Thcrcsac Pic, 1920. (Original designation and monobasic.) Parasapyga Turner, 1910. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1910, p. 405. TYPE: Parasapyga niollcri Turner. 1910. (Monobasic.) Polochridium Gussakovskij, 1933. Ark. Zool. (Stockholm), 24 A, no. 10, p. 48. TYPE: Polochridium count Gussakovskij, 1933. (Original designation and monobasic.) Polochrum Spinola, 1805. Fauna Liguriae Fragmenta, p. 7, (1805) ; Insectorum Liguriae ... I, p. 19, (1806). TYPE: Polochrum rcpunditin Spinola, 1805.9 (Monobasic.) Isogenotypic through synonymy with Aclastoccra Forster, 1855, q.v. Sapyga Latreille, 1796. Precis Caract. Insect., p. 134, (1796) ; [no species]. Hist. Nat. Crust. Insect., Ill, p. 346, (1802) ; [one species]. TYPE: Scolia 5-punctata Fabricius, 1781 [= Sapyga 5-punc- tata (Fabricius)]. (Fixed by Latreille, 1802. v. sup.} Isogenotypic through synonymy with Hcllus Fabricius, 1805, q.v. Sapygina A. Costa, 1887. Prospetto degli Imenotteri Italiani . . . II, p. 111. TYPE: Sapyga 10-giittata Jurine, 1807 [= Sapygina 10-gut- tata (Jurine)9]. (Monobasic.) 8 Reed originally described Laura as a Masarid \vasp, but later (1932, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., XXXVI, pp. 141-143), at the suggestion of Bequaert, sank it as a synonym of Sapyga. However, as will be shown elsewhere, I consider the group generically distinct, and hence have pro- posed the new name Araucania for it. 8 Arnold (1929, Ann. Transvaal Mus., XIII, p. 175) considers both Polochrum and Sapygina to be merely subgenera of Sapyga, but I be- lieve each is sufficiently distinct to be accorded generic rank. 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Xov.. '46 Report of Mosquitoes Collected at Fitzsimons Gen- eral Hospital, Denver, Colorado, During the Seasons of 1944-1945 By WILLIAM R. LASKY, Sgt.. U. S. Army. Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado (Continued from page 193) Aedes trivittatus Coquillett Aedes trivittatus was collected and found breeding through- out the two seasons in moderate to small numbers. As little is known about its breeding habits, some investigations were made that yielded good results. It was found to develop so fast under natural conditions that the few pupae found in a collection of half-grown Aedes dorsal is larvae were usually A. trivittatus pupae. If first instar larvae of A. dorsalis were col- lected, the two or three half- to full-grown intermingled larvae would be A. trivittatus. Therefore, unless frequent collections are made, it is very easy to miss. Good luck was had with rearing this species in the laboratory. Wild adult females were collected gorging and were found to oviposit readily on damp cotton. Three days elapsed between the last meal and ovi- position. It was noted that all females so bred died following oviposition. To simulate natural conditions one batch of eggs was allowed to dry out slowly for 1 1 days, at the end of which time distilled water was added to the cotton and within 24 hours the first larvae had emerged. Five days were required for these larvae to pupate and adults emerged 24 hours follow- ing pupation. These larvae were fed on a suspension of cul- tured brewers yeast, Saccharomyces. Another female ovi- posited and her eggs were allowed to dry out. These eggs were slowly dried for 22 days, at the end of which time distilled water was added. These eggs did not hatch for nine days fol- lowing moistening. These larvae pupated in eight days and emerged on the ninth. A third set of eggs collected in the same manner and slowly dried out for 21 days did not emerge until 29 days later. These larvae died after the first instar so Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL xp.ws 223 further data could not be collected. From these data, it may be concluded that factors other than moisture influence the emergence of this larvae from the egg. This mosquito was collected in moderate numbers by trap and a small number of individuals were collected biting in full daylight both on sunny and on dark days. Larvae were first collected in the alkaline, grassy rain-water depressions in the meadows northwest of the post. Here four larvae of this species were collected July 13th, 1944, with Acdcs I'c.vans and Acdcs dorsal is. Some were collected in this same area June 7th, 1945, and August 13th, 1945, with Aedes dor- sails, Acdcs nigromaculis and Acdcs rc.rans. A couple of larvae were also found in a similar rain-water, prairie pool at another location on June 7th. among large numbers of Acdcs dorsalis and Acdcs z'c.vans. A few were taken from an irri- gation ditch catch-basin west of Fitzsimons June 7th, 1945. and July 26th. 1945 together with Culc.v tnts, ordinarily scarce in any locality, has been extremely common in the Washington area and in some locali- ties more plentiful than nearly every other wasp. On a cloudy,. very hot and oppressive day in mid-July, wasps •of all types were out in great numbers. They seemed to fly slowly, and lacked their usual energetic manner, as if the heat and humidity were almost too much for them. A Bembecinus female was seen flying along, carrying what appeared to be a leaf-hopper. She sensed intrusion as she was approached, dropped the prey, which was unfortunately lost, and left the 230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Xov., '46 vicinity. This occurrence was repeated several times and it was seen that another way of obtaining a specimen of the prey would have to be found. After a wait of thirty minutes beside a Bcinbcciniis burrow, the owner returned, carrying her prey. She was picked up by hand, since it was worth being stung to get her prey. The latter was found to be a leaf-hopper, Graphocephala versnta Say.* On another occasion, this species has been taken with fulgorid bugs as the prey but this record is unobtainable. B. nanus, it was found, returns to the burrow7 daily with fresh food for the larva, resembling in this habit many other of the bembecine wrasps. To my knowledge, this species \vas never recorded from this area until July, 1945, when it became very common, and con- tinued so until Autumn. It has been common again in 1946, although not quite in the numbers of 1945. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY CHARLES HODGE IV, RAYMOND Q. BLISS, EDWIN T. MOUL, MAURICE E. PHILLIPS AND HENRY K. TOWNES JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record. Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so sta_ted in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k) ; papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — Munro, J. W. — Entomology of stored prod- ucts. [31] 24: 649-658. Vappula, N. A. — Finnish entomo- logical literature published in 1942 including economic ento- mology and control of insect pests. [32] 9: 1-12. * Kindly determined bv Dr. P. W. Oman. Ivii, '46] KXTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Boyce, J. M. — Influence of fecundity and egg mortality on the popula- tion growth of Tribolium confusum Duval. [11] 27: 290- 302. Cooper, K. W. — Detachment frequency of attached ? chromosomes in autosomal structural heterozygotes of Dro- sophila melanogaster. [26] 32: 273-275. Cristol, Haller, Lindquist — Toxicity of DDT Isomers to some insects af- fecting man. [30]" 104: 343-344. Ellenby, C.— A micro- respirometer for single prepupae of Drosophila melanogas- ter Meigen. [16] 22: 85-87, ill. Fraenkel and Blewett- The dietetics of the caterpillars of three species of Ephestia. E. kuehniella, E. elutella and E. cantella and of a closely re- lated species Plodia interpunctella. [16] 22: 162-171, ill. Fraenkel and Blewett — The dietetics of the clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella Hum. [16] 22: 156-161. ill. _ Fraenkel and Blewett — Linoleic acid, vitamin E and other fat-soluble substances in the nutrition of certain insects (Ephestia kuehniella, E. elutella, E. cantella and Plodia interpunctella.) [16] 22: 172-190, ill. Glaser, R. W.— Intracellular bacteria of the cockroach in relation to symbiosis. [20] 32 : 483-489. Hershberger, R. V. — Differential stains of insect tissues. [22] 46: 152-162. Kangas and Leskinen — Pegohylemyia anthracina Czerny (Muscidae) als Zapfenschadling an der Fichte. [32] 9: 195-212, ill. Khatib, S. M. H.— Studies in Galerucinae. The internal anatomy of Galerucella birman- ica (Jacoby). [25] 24B : 35-54, ill Possompes, B.— Les glandes endocrines post-cerebrales des dipteres. I. Etude chez la larve de Chironomus plumosus L. [7] 72: 99-109. ill. Stanley, J. — The environmental index, a new param- eter as applied to Tribolium. [11] 27: 303-314. Sze, Li- chieh — Cytological studies on Acrididae. IV. Structure of the x-chromosome in the meiosis of Phlaeoba infromata. [19] 79: 113-123, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Brennan, J. M.- Two new species of Trombicula : T. montanensis and 1 . aplodontiae (Acarina, Trombiculidae) from N.W. United States. [20] 32: 441-444, ill. Cooper, K. W.— Occurrence of the mite Cheyletiella parasitivorux ( Megnin) in X. Amer- ica, with notes on its synonymy and "parasitic" habit. [20] 32: 480-482. Ewing/H. E.— Xotes on Trombiculid mites with descriptions of Walchiinae n. subf., Speotrombicula n. g., and Eutrombicula defecta n. sp. [20] 32: 435-440 (k), ill. Fox, I. — New genus, Boringuolaelaps, and new species of mites from rats in Puerto Rico. [20] 32: 445-452 (k), 232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '46 ill. Turk, F. A. — Studies of Acari V — Notes on and de- scriptions of new and little-kno\vn British Acari. [3] 12: 785-820 (k*), ill. Wharton, G. W.— Observations on As- coschongastia indica (Hirst, 1915) (Acarinida : Thorbiculi- dae). [10] 16: 153-184. ill. SMALLER ORDERS— Bonet, F.— Nuevos generos y especies de Hipogastruridos de Mexico (Collembola). [29] 6: 13-45 (k), ill. Calvert, P. P. — New species of Brazilian Libellulinae (Odonata) and their nearest allies. [6] 69: 1-4, ill. Dampf, A.— Notas sobre pulgas. I a VII. [29] 6: 47-69, ill. Geijskes, D. C. — Observations on the Odonata of Tobago, B.W.I. [34] 97: 213-235 (k). ill. Guimaraes, L. R. — Alguns aspectos bionomicos de Leptopsylla segnis (Schonh.) (Suctoria). [4] IV: 233-259. Hickin, N. E.— Larvae of the British Trichoptera 21. [34] 21: 61-65, ill. Larvae of British Trichoptera 22. [27] 21 : 55-60, ill. Hol- lenbeck, A. H. — A practical method for mass production and transfer of Xenopsylla cheopis. [20] 32: 463-464, ill. Longfield, C. — Larvae of the Sympetrum fonscolombii (Selys) (Odonata). [27] 21: 47-48, ill. Rehn, J. A. G.- Five new species of earwigs of the Indo-Pacific genus Neso- gaster (Dermaptera: Labiidae : Nesogastrinae). [23] 98: 219-239. Saunders, L. G. — A Canadian Japygid (Thy- sanura). [8] 78: 95. Tjeder, B. — Neuroptera and Mecop- tera of N. Norway. [35] 63 : 3-15, 1943. ORTHOPTERA— Burtt, E. — Observations on east Afri- can Pamphaginae (Orthoptera) with particular reference to stridulation. [27] 21 : 51-54, ill. Filho, L. T. — Tecnicas gerais seguidas no estudo da ordem mantodea Burmeister, 1838. [4] IV, 113-155; sobre a familia Acanthopidae Bur- meister, 1838. [4] IV, 157-231, ill. Glaser, R. W.— (See Anatomy, etc.) Sze, Li-chieh — (See under Anatomy, etc.) HEMIPTERA— Broadbent, L.— Alate aphides trapped in Northwestern Derbyshire, 1945. [27] 21 : 41-46. Car- valho, J. C. M. — Mirideos neotropicais XXV, Genero Pachv- merocerus Renter e correcoes de trabalhos anteriores (Hemiptera). [6] 68: 1-9, ill. Cleaves, H. H.— The magic cicada on Staten Island, 1945. [28] 10: 73-80. Dean and Chapman — Biology and control of the Apple Redbug. [21] Bull. 716: 3-42, ill. Emery, W. T. — Temporary immunity in alfalfa ordinarily susceptible to attack by the pea aphid. [15] 73: 33-43. Hartzell, F. Z.— Method's of estimating foliage area injured by grape leaf-hoppers. [21] Tech. Bull. 277: 5-49, ill. Jacob, F. H.— Ne\v British species of My- Ivil. '46] KXTOMOLOGICAL XF.XYS 233 zaphis van der Goot associated with wild roses. Myzaphis bucktoni sp. n. ; and a comparison with AT. rosarum (Kal- tenbach) (Hem: Aphididae). [27] 15 : 110-117, ill. Koest- ner, J. — Museum notes on the 17-year Cicada. [28] 10: 81- 84. Lambers and Rogerson — Xew British Aphid from Primus padus L.. Myzus padellus sp. n. (Hem: Aphididae). [27] 15 : 101-105. ill.' Metcalf, Z. P.— Gen. Cat. of the Hem- iptera. Fas. IV. Fulgoroidea. Part 8. Dictyopharidae. Smith College. Mass. Pallister, J. C. — Type material and specimens taken from the Davis collection of Cicadas, Staten Island Museum. [28] 10: 45-47; Cicadas described by Wm. T. Davis which should be in the Davis collection or place of deposit uncertain. [28] 10:48- . Usinger, R. L. —Gen. Cat. of Hemiptera. Fas. V. Polycteridae. Smith College. Usinger, R. L. — Notes and descriptions of Am- brysus Stal with an account of the life history of Ambrysus mormon Montd. (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). [37] 31: 185- 210 (*), ill. Zakhvatkin, A. A. — Studies on the Homoptera of Turkey. [34) 97: 149-176 (*), ill. LEPIDOPTERA— Beall, G.— Seasonal variation in sex proportion and wing length in the migrant butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Danaidae). [34] 97: 337-353, fig. Carpenter, G. D. H. — Capture of butterflies in great numbers by the grass Setaria verticillata (L) Beauv. in east Africa. [27] 21 : 49-50. Clark, A. H.— Two new butterflies from the Ad- miralty Islands. [24] 59: 119-120. D'Almeida, R. F.- Estudos biologicos sobre alguns Lepidopteros do Brasil. [4] IV: 32-70, ill.; Segunda nota suplementar a "Revisao das Terius americanas." |4| IV: 73-94. ill.; Revisao do genero Xanthocleis Boisd. [4] IV: 97-112, ill. Francle- rnont, J. G. — Revision of the species of Symmerista Hiibner known to occur N. of the Mexican border (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). [8] 78: 96-103 (k*), ill. Fraenkel and Blewett — (See under Anatomy, etc.) Gardner, J. C. M.— Oil larvae of the Noctuidae. II. [34] 97: 237-252 (k), ill. McDunnough, J. — Notes on Robinia-feeding Phycitid larvae (Lep. : Phycitinae). [8] 78: 109-110. McDunnough, J.- Gracillariid studies (Lepidoptera). [8] 78: 91-95 (*), ill. Musgrave, A. — Some butterflies of Australia and the Pacific. Swallowtails. [5] 9: 66-72, ill. Richards, O. W.— Rearing larva of the eyed hawk-moth, Smerinthus ocellatus (L), on apple and sallow. [27] 21 : 72. Richards, O. W. and Wal- off, N. — Study of a population of Ephestia elutella Hubner (Lep., Phycitidae) living on bulk grain. [34| 97: 253-298. 234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '46 ill. Waloff and Richards — Observations on the behaviour of Ephestia elutella Hiibner (Phycitidae) breeding on bulk grain. [34] 97 : 299-335, fig. Wiltshire, E. P.— Middle east Lepidoptera V. New genus, new species, and 2 new races from Iran, with taxonomic notes on other Persian Hetero- cera. [27] 15: 118-128, ill. DIPTERA— Alexander, C. P.— Undescribed species of western nearctic Tipulidae. II. [12] 5: 93-103. Brito da Cunha, A. — Polymorphism in natural populations of a spe- cies of Drosophila. [18] 37: 253-256, ill. Cooper, K. W.- (See Anatomy, etc.) Ellenby, C. — (See under Anatomy, etc.) Gerberick, J. B. — An annotated bibliography of pa- pers relating to the control of mosquitoes by the use of fish [1] 36: 87-131. Horsfall, W. R.— Biol. and control of mos- quitoes in the Rice area. [36] Bull. 427 : 3-46, ill. Hauber and Morrissey — Limnochironomids in Iowa including their life histories. [13] 52: 287-292 (k), ill. Jones, D. T.— Do- mestic habits of two flies. [13] 52: 299-301. Kangas and Leskinen — (See Anatomy, etc.) King and Hoogstraal— New Guinea species of Culex (Culiciomyia), with descrip- tions of two new species. [24] 59: 143-154 (k), ill. Knight and Laffoon — Oriental species of the Aedes (Fin- laya) Kochi group (Culicidae). [33] 72: 203-225 (k*), ill. McGovern, Harnly and Gable — A new approach to the pat- tern problem in Drosophila wings. [17] 102: 159-177, ill. Pennak, R. W.— Notes on Mountain Midges (Deutero- phlebiidae) with a description of the immature stages of a new species from Colorado. [2] 1276: 1-10 (k), ill. Pos- sompes, B.— (See Anatomy, etc.) Sabrosky, McDaniel, Reider — A high rate of natural Plasmodium infection in Anopheles crucians. [30] 104: 247-248. Someren, E. C. C. van — Ethiopian Culicidae. Tribe megarhinini — notes and descriptions. [34] 97: 177-186 (k*), ill. Spencer, W. P.- High mutant gene frequencies in a population of Drosophila immigrans. [22] 46: 143-151. Strickland, E. H.— An an- notated list of the Diptera of Alberta. Additions and cor- rections. ^ [9] 24: 157-173. Trembley, H. L.— Aedes atro- palpus (Coq.) a new mosquito vector of Plasmodium gal- linaceum Brumpt. [20] 32: 499-501. Vargas, L.— Cuatro nuevas especies y otros datos sobre Simulidos de Mexico [29] 6: 71-82, ill. COLEOPTERA— Benesh, B.— Systematic revision of the Holarctic genus Platycerus Geoffroy (Lucanidae) [33] 72: 139-202 (k), ill. Boyce, J. M.— (See Anatomy, Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS etc.) Jaques and Redlinger — Preliminary list of the Carabi- dae known to occur in Iowa. [13] 52: 293-298, ill. Brown, W. J. — Xotes on some species of Canthon and Dichelonyx (Coleo. : Scarabacidae). [8] 78: 104-109, (k*i. Khatib, S. M. H. — (See Anatomy, etc. ) Knull, J. N. — A new species of Aplastus from Idaho (Coleoptera : Plastocerdiae). \22\ 46: 142. McKeown, K. C.— Australian insects. XXVII. Water Beetles. [5] 9: 46-49, ill. Stanley, J.— (See Anat- omy, etc.) Salt and Hollick — Studies of wireworm popu- lation. II. Spatial distribution. [16] 23: 1-46, ill. HYMENOPTERA— Cockerell, T. D. A.— African col- letid Bees. [3] 12: 836-851 (k*). Holgersen, H.— Ants of northern Norway. [35] 63: 3-33, ill.. 1942. Holgersen, H. — Formica gagatoides Ruzs. in Norway. [35] 64: 3-17, ill., 1943. Popov, V. B. — Xotes on the nomenclature of bees (Hymen: Apoidea). [27] 15: 106-109. Richards, O. W. — Observations on Bonibus agrorum (Fab.). [27] 21: 66-71. Romun, A. — List of new finds of Ichneumonidae in Norway. [35] 60: 3-20, 1942. O'Rourke, F. J.— Discovery of rare ant Stenamma westwoodi Westwood. in Co. AYick- low. [14] 8: 413-414. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1.— Amer. Midi. Xat. 2. — Amer. Museum Xovitates. 3. —Annals & Mag. Xat. Hist. 4. — Arg. de Zool. 5. — Aus- tralian Mus. Mag. 6. — Bol. Mus. Nac. do R. de Jan. 7.— Bull. Soc. Zool. France. 8. — Canadian Entomologist. 9.— Can. Jour. Research. 10. — Ecological Monographs. 11.— Ecology. 12. — Great Basin XTat., Provo, Utah. 13. — Iowa Acad. Sci. 14. — Irish Naturalist Jour. 15. — Jour. Agr. Re- search. 16. — Jour. Exper. Biol. 17. — Jour. Exp. Zool. 18. -Jour. Heredity. 19. — Jour. Morphol. 20. — Jour. Para- sitology. 21. — X. Y. State Agr. Exp. Sta. 22. — Ohio Jour. Sci. 23. — Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. 24. — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25. — Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 26. — Proc. Xat. Acad. Sci. 27.— Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., B. 28.— Proc. Stat. Isl. Inst. Arts & Sci. 29.— Rev. Soc. Mexicana Hist. Xat. 30. —Science. 31. — Science Progress. 32. — Suomen Hyon- teistieteelinen Aikakauskivja. 33. — Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 34. — Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. 35. — Tromso Mus. Ar- shefter. 36. — Univ. Ark. Agr. Exp. Sta. 37. — Univ. Kan- sas Sci. Bull. EXCHArXTQES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Odonata — Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both images and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. I want to collect Rothschildia farbesi, agapema, galfina and io moths for interested persons. E. Frizzell, Route 4, San Benito, Texas. Wanted — Information as to the existence and present location of a copy of Solodonikov, S. V. Contribution a 1'etude de la faune et de la biologic des larves des Libellules du Donetz et de certains de ces af- fluents. [In Ukrainian.] Trav. Soc. Nat. Charkow 52: 249-268. 1929. [Quoted from Zool. Rec. 1936, Ins. p. 147, No. 3114.] P. P. Calvert, P. O. Box 14, Cheyney, Penna. Wanted — Crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New Guinea, New Caledonia and Neighboring Islands, for revisional purposes. Also, names and addresses of individuals or institutions possessing any of these flies. Correspondence solicited. Chas. P. Alexander, Fernald Hall, Am- herst, Mass. Lepidoptera — Wanted, Hyloicus (Sphinx) and other Sphingidae in exchange for U. S. and Wisconsin Lepidoptera. Wm. E. Sicker, 119 Monona Ave., Madison 3, Wisconsin. Hymenoptera-Aculeata (except ants and bees) and Ichneumonidae for exchange or purchase. Will collect any order in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N\V, Washington 11, D. C. Wanted — Oriental Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae for determi- nation and research purposes: China, India, Philippines, Pacific. Will purchase from China, Assam, Burma, Siam, Formosa. Will exchange identified Chinese insects. J. Linsley Gressitt, Lingnan University, Canton, China. Wanted — Papers on Cicindelidae of any part of the world, espe- cially South America and Pacific. R. G. Dahl, 3225 Grand Ave., Apt. 13, Oakland 10, Cal. Chrysididae — Wanted for determination in preparation of revision. Wm. G. Bodenstein, Galesville, Maryland. Coccinelidae — Wanted from other localities. Will buy or exchange for misc. So. Cal. coleops. F. W. Furry, 1633 Virginia Ave., Glen- dale 2, Cal. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1119. — Cresson (E. T. Jr.) — Synopses of No. Amer. Ephydridae. la. Supplement of part I on the subfam. Psilopinae. II. The tribes Hydrelliini, Hydrinini and Ilytheini of the subfam. Notiphilinae, with descr. of n. sps. (70: 159-180, 1944) ... $ .40 1123. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Indoaustralian Ephydridrae. I. The subfam. Psilo- pinae. (71 : 47-75, 1945) 60 1127. — A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and sps. of the Neotropical Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae. (71 : 129-163, 1946) 75 1126. — Rapp (W. F.) — Two new Xemocera Diptera. (Sciaridae and Cecidomyidae). (71 : 125-128, figs., 1946) 20 THE BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPETID LARVAE By VENIA TARRIS PHILLIPS Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 12, 161 pp., 16 pis., 1946 This is a comprehensive work describing and figuring the important characteristics of the larvae of forty five species of American fruit flies (Diptera). An indispensible work for economic en- tomologists. It includes a glossary of the terms used in the descriptions; a list of 442 species of the family, with their known hosts; a list of their host plants; and an extensive bibliography. The plates contain 192 exquisitely executed figures. Price $5.00 (postpaid, domestic delivery) U. S. Currency, remittance must accompany order. HYMENOPTERA 1118. — Bradley (J. C.) — A preliminary revision of the Pompilinae of the Americas exclusive of the tribe Pompilini. (70: 23-157, 2 pis., 1944) 1.60 LEPIDOPTERA 1125. — Jones (F. M.) — Platoeceticus and a remarkable n. sp. of the genus (Psychidae). (71 : 99-124, 6 pis., 1945) ORTHOPTERA 1121. — Tinkham (E. R.) — Sinochlora, a newT tettigoniid gen. from China, with descr. of 5 n. sps. (70: 235-246, 2 pis., 1945) . . 1124. — Hebard (M.) — Orthoptera of the Appalachian Mountains in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Virginia, and notes on other Appalachian sps. and recent extensions of the known range of still other southeastern sps. (71: 77-97, 1945) ... .45 1120. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — A revision of the locusts of the group Hy- alopteryges (Acrididae). (70: 181-234, 1 pi., 1944) 1.00 1117. — Rehn and Rehn — Studies of certain Cyrtacanthacridoid gen. (Acrididae). II. Prumnacris, a new No. Amer. gen. of Holarctic type. (70: 1-21, 2 pis., 1944) 50 1122. — III. Buckellacris, another new No. Amer. gen. of Hoi- arctic type. (71 : 1-45, 2 pis., 1945) 1 .00 Have you renewed your subscription? ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DECEMBER 1946 Vol. LVII No. 10 CONTENTS Pate — New wasps from southern Arizona Horsfall — Area sampling of larval mosquitof» Alexander — Undescribed crane-flies. Part X 245 Personal Knull — Two new Stenosphenus • Current Entomological Literature 255 Indexes and title page to Volume LVII 263 PUBLISHED MONTHLY. EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. Act of October 3," 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. 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THE LANCASTER PR-ESS. INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVII DECEMBER, 1946 No. 10 Two New Wasps from Southern Arizona. (Hymenoptera : Sphecidae) By V. S. L. PATE, Ithaca, N. Y. In the material collected during the summer of 1946 in the southwestern United States by Mr. Howard E. Evans of East Hartford. Connecticut are the following two interesting and dis- tinctive new wasps. One of these, Hapalomellinus tcrcn, is the second species to be discovered of the peculiar and endemic western Xearctic Gorytine genus Hapalomellinus. I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Evans for his kindness in contributing this material. Hapalomellinus teren l new species The much hner and more delicate vestiture of white tomen- tum, which is golden on the upper face, vertex, and mesonotum. and the wholly red body differentiate tcrcn from albitomentosus. Furthermore, in tcrcn the front lacks the scattered coarse punc- tures which are so characteristic of albitomentosus; the omaulus is absent above and obsolescent below; the mesonotal-scutellar suture is simple, not foveolate as in albitomentosus; the s.tigma is eburneous; the pygidial area is polite and very sparsely punc- tate; and the first abdominal Semite shows no trace of a median keel on the apical half. Finally, the postocellar line of albito- mentosus is twice the length of the ocellocular distance, whereas in /err// the postocellar line is only one and a half the length of the ocellocular distance. 1 rtprji', delicate: in allusion to the slender, dainty habitus and delicate vestiture of this little \va-q >. (237) 238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 Type. 5; Along Santa Cruz River, Tucson, Pima County, ARIZONA. Elevation, 2350 feet. August 6, 1946. (Howard E. Evans; flying over sand.) Female. Length 6.5 mm. Fulgid ferruginous ; the following citrinous : labrum, clypeus, lower front and inner orbits, man- dibles save for red apices, scapes anteriorly, and fore and middle tarsi. Second, third and fifth abdominal tergites with a nar- row, apical, eburneous fascia. Wings hyaline ; veins brtmneous ; stigma eburneous. Head subcircular in anterior aspect ; impunctate. Eyes con- vergent toward clypeus. Clypeus and lower front with a fine silvery sericeous pubescence ; upper front and vertex with a very fine vestiture of aureous puberulent hair ; temples thinly clad with fine silvery pubescence. Clypeus transversely subrectan- gular, twice as wide as long, median length three-eighths the vertical eye length, apical margin truncate, weakly flanged. Front bisected by a fine impression running down from median ocellus, without scattered pit-like punctures. Vertex with ocel- locular line two-thirds the postocellar distance; occipital carina moderate, neither a complete circle in extent nor attaining the hypostomal carinule. Antennae situated slightly above dorsal margin of clypeus ; subantennal sutures distinct ; scape thick, obterete, one-half the vertical eye length ; pedicel suborcate, subequal in length to first flagellar article ; flagellum with first three segments subequal in length, penult article two-thirds the length of terete ultimate segment. Mandibles strongly decus- sate, apices acuminate, with a distinct preapical tooth on inner margin ; lower margins entire. Thorax fulgid, impunctate; dorsally with a fine aureous pu- berulent tomentum; pleura, sternum and propodeum with a very fine silvery tomentum. Pronotum with anterior dorsal margin and humeri rounded ; propleural catch very wreak. Mesonotum with notauli weak, arcuate, developed on anterior fourth; mesonotal laminae distinct, obliquely truncate and de- clivent; suture between mesonotum and scutellum efoveate; scutellum and postscutellum simple. Mesopleura with omauli absent above, obsolescent below ; episternal suture oblique, pres- Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239 ent for entire length ; episternauli weak ; sternauli absent. Pro- podeum impunctate, without sculpture, fulgid ; dorsal face with a large trigonal enclosure defined by strongly impressed, efoveate furrows and bisected by a strong line which continues onto and also bisects posterior face ; posteriolateral angles broadly rounded. Legs slender, elongate, clothed with a very fine silvery puberu- lent tomentum. Fore tarsi slightly flattened, with a pecten of long, slender, flattened, spatulate, flexible bristles. Middle and hind tarsi long, slender, the apices of the segments with a verti- cellate whorl of small spines ; middle tarsi with claws asymmetri- cal, the outer claw much larger than the inner one ; hind tarsi with segments weakly inflated. Middle tibiae weakly spined on outer faces ; hind tibiae with very few spines. Abdomen slender, elongate, petiolate, fulgid, impunctate ; clad with a very fine inconspicuous pubescence dorsally, the tergites with narrow silvery sericeous apical fasciae, the sternites with a thin vestiture of puberulent silvery hair. First segment slender, subnodose at apex. Pygidial area trigonal, glabrous, polite, with a very few scattered fine punctures. Paratypes. Two topotypical females which agree with the type in all essential features of livery and structural detail. Moniaecera evansi new species The strange and curious flagellar process, the simple and rounded ecarinate pronotum, and the fine, moderate punctura- tion of the head and thorax differentiate evansi from all other described species of Moniaecera. Type. J1; Banks of the Santa Cruz River, Tucson, Pima County, ARIZONA. Elevation, 2350 feet. August 2, 1946. (Howard E. Evans; flying over sand.) Male. Length 4 mm. Aenaeruginonigrous ; the following eburneous: palpi, mandibles except red apices, antennal scapes, fore and middle tibiae, fore and hind tarsi, fore and middle tro- chanters, fore femora save for a black stripe on outer faces-, middle tibiae except for a black stripe on both inner and outer faces, and hind tibiae broadly annulate at base. Last abdominal segment pale fulvous. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent ; veins and stigma badeous. 240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 Head fulgid ; clypeus and inner orbits with appressed silvery sericeous pile ; vertex with sparse and scattered, decumbent puberulent silvery hair; temples thinly clad with silvery pubes- cence. Front strongly concave between inner orbits and weakly, transversely strigose ; with a large, flattened, declivent spine medially just above antennal sockets; upper front longitudinally aciculate and with scattered, well separated moderate punctures, bisected by a strong impression running forward from anterior ocellus. Vertex transversely aciculate, with the punctures scattered and well separated anteriorly to contiguous posteriorly ; ocelli large, arranged in an equilateral triangle, the postocellar and ocellocular lines subequal in length, postocellar line bisected by a fine furrow. Occipital carina distinct but not appreciably flanged, a complete circle in extent and not tangent below, but well separated from, the apex of the hypostomal carinule, the intervening region foveolate ; temples and lower portion of head with fine, well. separated, setigerous punctures, the latter area without tubercles or callosities. Antennae with scapes obterete, ecarinate, slender, one-half the vertical eye length ; pedicel ob- terete, one and a half the length of first flagellar article; first seven flagellar articles short, annular, subequal in length and weakly fringed beneath, the eighth produced beneath into a very large flat, curved, laminate, subsecuriform process, penult seg- ment three times the length of the first and two-thirds the length of the simple last article. Clypeus short, median length one- eighth the vertical eye length ; linear laterally, deeply emarginate on each side of the flat, truncate median lobe. Mandibles as customary in genus ; lower margins entire, and edentate be- neath at base. Thorax fulgid ; dorsum subglabrous, pleura and especially the sternum with appressed silvery sericeous pile. Pronotum dis- tinctly and closely punctate; dorsal surface flat, not notched medially ; anterior margin and humeri rounded, ecarinate ; pos- terior margin roundly emarginate medially. Mesonotum closely, distinctly, and evenly punctate throughout; suture between mesonotum and scutellum impressed and finely foveolate ; axil- lae immarginate ; scutellum gently tumid, punctate like meso- Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 241 notum; postscutellum flat, punctate like scutellum. Meso- pleura with puncturation similar to mesonotum but somewhat more separated ; prepectus weakly margined anteriorly ; epi- sternal suture oblique, impressed ; mesopleural pit very distinct ; metapleura glabrous, impunctate; mesosternum rounded, im- marginate anteriorly. Propodeum glabrous, with a fine favose sculpture throughout ; dorsal face without a trigonal enclosure but bisected by a narrow, linear, immarginate, finely foveolate furrow which also bisects posterior face and is deep and widened dlscally there ; lateral carinae obsolete. Legs simple, normal for genus. All tibiae slender, obterete, not spinose. Fore and hind tarsi simple, unmodified ; middle tarsi with metatarsi fusiform and four-fifths the length of four distal segments combined. Longer hind tibial calcar four-fifths the length of hind metatarsus which is subequal in length to four distal segments combined. Fore wings short, not surpassing apex of third abdominal segment ; marginal cell three and three-fifths as long as wide and squarely truncate at apex; radius with first abscissa about two- fifths (0.416) the length of second abscissa, the third abscissa one-sixth the length of second abscissa; transverse cubital vein oblique, inclivous, one-half the length of second abscissa of cu- bitus which is about three-fourths (0.77) the length of first ab- scissa of cubitus. Abdomen fulgid ; with a very sparse and inconspicuous cloth- ing of short silvery hair. Tergites with a very fine, transverse aciculation ; sternites impunctate. First segment slender, petioli- form but not appreciably nodose at apex ; the remainder of ab- domen gradually ampliate toward the strongly clavate apex; last tergite transversely subsemicircular, without a pygidial area but with a few scattered punctures on disc; hypopygium wide, flat, apex entire and broadly rounded. Paratypes. Two topotypical males which agree with the type in all essential features of livery and structural detail. It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this bizarre little pem- philidine wasp to its collector, Mr. Howard E. Evans. 242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 Area Sampling of Populations of Larval Mosqui- toes in Rice Fields 1 By WILLIAM R. HORSFALL, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas Sampling of populations of larval mosquitoes in rice fields presents a unique problem because the fields provide uniform habitats of extensive acreage. The land is nearly flat with con- tour earth levees holding water over the surface to a depth of 4-8 inches. Larvae, when present, are usually distributed over the whole area. In order to obtain samples from representative parts of a field, an observer must wade, and such disturbance causes larvae (especially culicine larvae) to submerge. Dipping is a familiar and standard method of sampling popu- lations of mosquito larvae especially when observing diverse habitats where other methods are cumbersome. It has been used for sampling populations in rice fields (Knowles and Fisk, 1945). Larval densities determined by this method deviate with ob- servers, and often comparable densities may appear divergent when recorded by the same observer in different places. Even with such habitual surface forms as anopheline larvae, attempts to relate capacity of dipping device to surface area have been unsatisfactory (Goodwin and Eyles, 1942). Area sampling is a reliable means of comparing larval den- sities in a uniform habitat. Goodwin and Eyles used a floating device in the form of a hollow square of one-half to one square meter made by planking set on edge for comparing densities of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say in different locations. At each location enclosed larvae were dipped out and counted. Cam- bournac, 1939, used a hollow rectangular chamber with metal sides enclosing an area of 0.1 square meter for sampling popula- tions of larvae in rice fields in Portugal. Another means of area sampling used in rice fields since 1939 is that of a count- ing chamber consisting of a cylindrical screen cage with a cross- section area of one square foot (Horsfall, 1942, p. 16). The 1 Research paper No. 816 Journal Series, University of Arkansas. Pub- lication permitted by the Director of the Arkansas Agricultural Experi- ment Station. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 243 cylinder is 13 inches high and is open at both ends. Support and weight are provided by a metal band at each end of the cylinder and four metal struts between them. In use the device is dropped at random intervals in a rice field in such a way that one end settles into the mud, and the walls enclose larvae pres- ent under one square foot of surface. Larvae are dipped out and counted as they rise to the surface. As a means of determining actual numbers of larvae present, this chamber has proved satis- factory for all species that rise to the surface. Area sampling was more dependable than dipping as was shown by collections in an area where the exact population of larvae of Psorophora confinnis ( Lynch- Arribalzaga) was known. Two hollow squares made of wide bands of sheet metal each enclosing 16 square feet were placed in a plot of rice having no larvae of this species present. One square was infested with 16 larvae (one larva to a square foot), and the other was infested with 64 larvae (four larvae to a square foot) . Three hours later each enclosure was sampled by taking 100 dips and ten area samples of one square foot. Ten larvae were found in ten area samples in the enclosure containing one larva to the square foot, and 35 larvae were observed in ten area samples in the enclosure containing four larvae to the square foot. One hundred dips from the enclosure containing one larva to a square foot yielded two larvae, and 100 dips from the other yielded 17 larvae. Ac- tual ratio of larvae, in the two enclosures, was 1 : 4 larvae. Comparison of populations in the two enclosures by means of the area sampler (one square foot) showed a ratio of 1 : 3.5 lar- vae. Comparison by means of a dipper showed a ratio of 1 : 8.5 larvae. Area sampling of Psorophora coufinnis was more accurate than dipping under field conditions also. Observations were made at intervals of 30 steps along each contour from one near- est the well to one near the low side of the field. At each sta- tion 10 dips and an area sample of one square foot were observed. Toward the upper part of the field where the larval population was visibly less, 28 stations yielded 36 larvae with the area sam- pler and 15 larvae in 290 dips, or a mean of 1.3 ± 0.3 - larvae to 2 Standard Error. 244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 a square foot and a mean of 0.5 ± 0.2 larvae in 10 dips. Where the larval incidence was visibly greater, 63 stations yielded 337 larvae in the area sampler and 117 larvae in 630 dips or a mean of 5.2 ± 0.5 larvae to a square foot and a mean of 1.9 ± 0.2 larvae in 10 dips. Fifty per cent of the stations in the area of lower in- cidence yielded larvae when the area sampler was used and only 27 percent showed larvae when the dipper was used. In the area of higher incidence, 95 per cent of the stations were positive when the sampler was used and 73 per cent were positive when the dipper was used. SUMMARY An area sampling device consisting of a cylindrical screen cage open at both ends and having a cross-section area of one square foot is an effective means of accurately comparing larval densi- ties in a uniform habitat such as rice fields. More accurate re- sults were obtained in plot and field tests with this device than were obtained with a dipper. In two plots where actual popula- tions of larvae of Psorophora confinnis (L.-A.) were as 1 to 4, the area sampler showed the ratio to be 1 : 3.5 larvae, and a dip- per showed the ratio to be 1 : 8.5 larvae. Under field conditions where a population of these larvae was low, 50 per cent of the stations yielded larvae with the area sampler, and only 27 per cent showed larvae with the dipper. In an area where larvae were abundant, 95 per cent of the stations showed larvae with the area sampler, and only 73 per cent showed larvae by dipping. LITERATURE CITED CAMBOURNAC, F. J. C. 1939. A method for determining the larval Anopheles population and its distribution in rice fields and other breeding places. Rev. Malar. 18: 17-22. GOODWIN, M. H. and D. E. EYLES. 1942. Measurements of larval popu- lations of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Ecol. 23 : 376. HORSFALL, W. R. 1942. Biology and control of mosquitoes in the rice area. Ark. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bui. 427. 46 pp. KNOWLES, F. L. and F. W. FISK. 1945. DDT water emulsion in rice fields as a method of controlling larvae of Anopheles quadrimaculatus and other mosquitoes. U. S. Pub. Hlth. Repts. 60: 1005-1019. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 245 Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the East- ern United States and Canada (Dipt. : Tipulidae). PartX By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Massachusetts The preceding part under this general title was published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 55 : 241-247 ; 1944. Acknowledgment of sources of specimens discussed herewith will be given under the individual species. Tipula (Arctotipula) thulensis n. sp. Allied to bcsselsi; size large (wing, male, 17 mm.) ; general coloration gray, the praescutum with four darker plumbeous gray stripes ; vestiture of head and thorax very long and con- spicuous, chiefly black, that of the meron paler; antennae black throughout, flagellar segments chiefly subcylindrical, the verticils exceeding the segments ; wings with a very faint brownish tinge, stigma oval, dark brown ; male hypopygium with the tergite ex- tensively covered with short black setae, somewhat more con- centrated near the mesal portion of the lobes ; caudal border of tergite with a relatively small U-shaped median notch, no ventral spinous armature ; outer dististyle oval, yellow, the tip obtuse ; inner dististyle narrow, the flattened beak obtuse ; outer margin at near three-fourths the length with a strong, slightly curved black spine ; outer basal lobe a slender glabrous blade. J\ Length about 14 mm.; wing 17 mm. Frontal prolongation of head relatively short, dark gray, con- spicuously clothed with long black setae ; nasus conspicuous. Antennae short, black throughout, scape pruinose ; flagellar seg- ments short-suboval to subcylindrical, with scarcely developed basal swellings ; verticils longer than the segments. Head gray, with abundant black setae ; anterior vertex broad ; no vertical tubercle. Pronotum gray, with unusually abundant long dark setae, ar- ranged primarily in a large group on either side. Mesonotum 246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 gray, the praescutum with four darker plumbeous gray stripes that are poorly defined against the ground ; interspaces, includ- ing the lateral border, with abundant erect black setae ; posterior sclerites of notum similarly provided with long black setae, para- scutella obscure testaceous yellow. Pleura light gray ; dorso- pleural membrane buffy yellow ; propleura, sternopleurite and meral region with long setae, the last group paler in color; pleurotergite and all dorsal pleurites, as well as the actual meron, glabrous. Halteres with stem blackened, knob conspicuously pale yellow. Legs with the coxae light gray, with, very long conspicuous pale setae; trochanters gray; femora and tibiae obscure brownish yellow, the tips narrowly blackened; tarsi passing into black; claws (male) with a small tooth. Wings with a very faint brownish tinge to subhyaline ; stigma oval, dark brown; cell Sc slightly darker than the remainder of ground; veins brown. Squama with setae ; veins virtually glabrous ; distal section of vein Ri+5 with scattered trichia almost to base. Venation: Rs about three times m-cu; petiole of cell Mt longer than in. Abdomen blackish gray, pruinose, the tergites slightly darker medially; posterior borders of segments narrowly yellow, more extensive on segments three to five; styli yellow. Male hypo- pygium with the ninth tergite extensively covered with short black setae, somewhat more concentrated near the mesal por- tion of the lobes ; caudal border with a relatively small U-shaped median notch, the adjoining lobes lying slightly more ventrad, jutting beyond the level of remainder of tergite ; lobes with abun- dant erect pale setulae; margin of notch glabrous or with ex- ceedingly small microscopic setulae ; no ventral spinous arma- ture, such as in bessclsi and suttoni. Outer dististyle an oval f yellow lobe, about one-half longer than its greatest width, the tip obtuse ; provided with abundant yellow setae, including a strong row near lower edge. Inner dististyle narrow, the flat- tened beak obtuse, glabrous ; outer margin at near three-fourths the length with a strong slightly curved black spine ; surface of blade opposite this spine with five or six black setae ; outer basal lobe appearing as a slender glabrous blade. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247 Habitat. — Canadian Northwest Territories. Holotype: g. BAFFIN ISLAND, River Clyde, 70° North Latitude, June 1945 (Jack P. Woolstenhulme) ; through George F. Edmunds, Jr. This interesting species is closest to Tipula (Arctotipula) besselsi Osten Sacken, T. (A.) besselsoides Alexander, and T. (A.) suttoni Alexander, differing from all in the structure of the male hypopygium. Lackschewitz (Trav. Ins. Zool., Acad. Sci. URSS, 4: 288-291; 1936) has placed T. (A.) alascaensis Alexander as a synonym of the north European T. (A.) ciliata Lundstrom, and T. (A.} aleutica Alexander as a synonym of besselsi, both quite incorrectly so. It may be emphasized that both alascaensis and aleutica are entirely valid species. It may further be noted that Lackschewitz's identification of besselsi (following Riedel) is not that species but is closer to the present fly though differing in all details of structure of the male hypo- pygium. Tipula (Arctotipula) salicetorum Siebke, of northern Europe, is more like besselsi yet again apparently quite distinct. It appears that there are rather numerous Arctic and Sub- arctic species in this subgenus and that these do not have the vast range over the Holarctic Region that was believed by Lackschewitz. Limonia (Geranomyia) remington! n. sp. Size relatively large (wing, male, over 7 mm.) ; rostrum very long, approximately three-fourths the length of the body ; meso- notal praescutum with three dark brown stripes; scutal lobes brownish black; pleura chiefly pale, the ventral sternopleurite a little darkened; femora brown, the tips conspicuously black- ened; wings weakly tinged with gray, the oval stigma dark brown ; Sct ending about opposite three-fifths Rst cell 1st M2 long, exceeding the distal section of vein M1 + 2; abdominal ter- gites bicolored, dark brown ringed with yellow ; male hypo- pygium with the lateral tergal lobes low, widely separated, each with a group of blackened setae ; ventral dististyle large and fleshy, its area about four times that of the basistyle, rostral prolongation short and stout, the two spines from very unequal tubercles ; gonapophyses with the mesal-apical lobe long, straight and slender. 248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 J1. Length, excluding rostrum, about 8 mm. ; wing 7.4 mm. ; rostrum about 6 mm. Rostrum of unusual length, as shown by the measurements, being approximately three-fourths the length of remainder of body, pale brown. Antennae black; flagellar segments sub- cylindrical, with verticils that are shorter than the segments; terminal segment about three-fourths the length of the penulti- mate. Front, hinder portion of posterior vertex and occiput buffy yellow, the remainder of vertex brown, the narrowed ante- rior vertex a trifle paler. Pronotum light testaceous yellow, the scutellum paler yellow. Mesonotal praescutum with three dark brown stripes, the inter- spaces only a trifle paler; humeral region extensively light yel- low, the lateral borders of the sclerite less extensively so ; median region of scutum testaceous yellow, the lobes brownish black; scutellum brown ; postnotum dark brown, pruinose, pleuroter- gite abruptly whitened. Pleura, including the dorsopleural membrane, chiefly pale, the sternopleurite weakly infuscated, the metapleura almost white. Halteres short, stem testaceous, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae greenish, the fore pair a trifle darker ; trochanters light green ; femora brown, the tips rather broadly and conspicuously black, the amount subequal on all legs ; remainder of legs dark brown, the outer tarsal seg- ments passing into black; claws with basal spine. Wings with a very weak grayish tinge, the prearcular field more whitened ; stigma oval, dark brown, very conspicuous ; veins brown, paler in the prearcular field. Venation: Sc long, Sc1 ending about opposite three-fifths Rs, Sc2 near its tip; Rs long; cell 1st M2 elongate, exceeding the distal section of M1 + 2 in length; m-cu at fork of M. Abdominal tergites bicolored, the basal rings and, on the more proximal tergites, the very narrow caudal margin yellow, the slightly more extensive remainder of each segment dark brown ; sternites yellow, on the posterior margins more darkened ; eighth and ninth segments yellow, the styli more infuscated, especially the outer faces of the ventral dististyles. Male hypo- pygium with the tergite transverse, the caudal margin broadly and shallowly emarginate, glabrous except for the low widely Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 249 separated lateral lobes, each of which bears about 16-18 setae, the more lateral ones stouter. Basistyle small, its ventromesal lobe simple. Dorsal dististyle a strongly curved hook, a little widened on outer third, the distal end narrowed to the obtuse tip. Ventral dististyle large and fleshy, its area about four times that of the basistyle ; rostral prolongation very short and stout, with two subequal rostral spines from very unequal tubercles, in one the tubercle about three-fourths as long as the spine, in the other a little more than one-third the spine. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe long, straight, slender. Habitat. — LOUISIANA. Holotype: J1, Chalmette, Orleans Parish, October 17, 1944 (Charles L. Remington). I take great pleasure in naming this species for Mr. Charles L. Remington, to whom I am greatly indebted for Tipulidae from various parts of the United States, New Caledonia and the Philippines. It is very distinct from the other regional members of the subgenus in the unusually long rostrum, coloration of the body, wings and legs, and in the structure of the male hypo- pygium. The darkened stigma is most like that of the otherwise distinct Limonia (Geranomyia) perjecta Alexander (Arizona to Mexico). Dicranoptycha microphallus n. sp. Size small (wing, male, under 7.5 mm.) ; general coloration brownish gray, the praescutum without distinct stripes ; anten- nal flagellum black ; legs pale brownish yellow, all pairs generally similar, tips of femora and tibiae undarkened ; wings with a faint brownish tinge, the costal border narrowly light yellow ; costal fringe (male) short; in-cu about its own length beyond the fork of M; abdomen brown, the subterminal segments brownish black ; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle rela- tively slender, strongly curved to the long black terminal spine, the surface of outer half with abundant spines but no setulae ; gonapophyses dark-colored, the mesal apical lobe relatively slen- der, the tip obtuse, pale ; aedeagus unusually small and slender, especially the outer third or fourth which is pale and even narrower. 250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 rf. Length about 6.5 mm. ; wing 7.2 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, flagellum black; verticils long and conspicuous. Head light gray ; anterior vertex broad. Pronotum gray. Mesonotum brownish gray, the praescutum without distinct stripes, the ground appearing light brown, heav- ily pruinose; median region of scutum and the scutellum paler brown ; pleurotergite similarly pruinose. Pleura yellow, clear- est on the ventral portion, somewhat darker on dorsal half, the region below the dorsopleural membrane conspicuously darker. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs pale brownish yellow, all similar to one an- other, the tips of the femora and tibiae undarkened ; tarsi passing into brown. Wings with a faint brownish tinge, the prearcular region and narrow costal border light yellow; no stigmal or other darkening ; veins light brown, paler in the yellow portions. Costal fringe short. Venation: Sc^ ending a short distance beyond the fork of Rs, Sc0 a little removed from its tip ; m-cu about its own length beyond the fork of M; cell 1st M0 subequal in length to or a trifle longer than M4. Abdomen brown, the subterminal segments brownish black, the ninth segment again paler, the basistyles yellow. Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle relatively slender, strongly curved to the long black terminal spine; surface of outer half with abundant semierect spines, those of outer half somewhat more appressed ; a few delicate setulae on basal portion of style but lacking among the spines. Inner dististyle longer, very gradually narrowed outwardly, the tip broadly obtuse. Gona- pophyses dark-colored, the mesal apical lobe relatively slender, the tip obtuse, pale. Aedeagus unusually small and slender, especially on its outer third or fourth which is even narrower and pale ; on basal half the width of the aedeagus is about equal to that of the mesal-apical lobe of the gonapophysis across its base. Habitat. — GEORGIA. Holotypc: J\ Blood Mountain, Septem- ber 11, 1945 (P. W.Fattig). I am indebted to Professor Fattig for several very interesting Tipulidae from Georgia. The nearest ally of the present fly is Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251 Dicranoptycha septemtrionis Alexander, of the northeastern United States. This has the hypopygial structure most like that . of the present fly but differs in all details, particularly the stouter aedeagus and the different armature of the outer dististyle. Neolimnophila capnioptera n. sp. Allied to ultima; praescutal stripes distinct; wings narrow, with a strong brownish tinge ; vein R2 more than one-half its own length before the fork of R3 + i; cell 1st M2 narrow, about equal in length to vein M4; male hypopygium with the outer spine of basistyle unusually large, about two-thirds as long as the major spine, both spines hairy ; inner dististyle with abun- dant long erect setae. J*. Length about 7.5 mm.; wing 7.8 X 1.8 mm. Rostrum blackish gray ; palpi black. Antennae black through- out; fusion-segment involving four segments, there being ten free ones beyond ; verticils long and conspicuous. Head gray, the central portion of posterior vertex more infuscated. Pronotum dark gray. Mesonotum dark brownish gray, the praescutum with four brown stripes that are moderately clear- cut, the intermediate pair about twice as wide as the median interspace; posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura clear gray. Halteres pale, knobs weakly infuscated. Legs with the coxae gray pruinose ; trochanters obscure yellow ; remainder of legs black, the femoral bases restrictedly obscure yellow; fore tibiae without spurs, middle and hind pairs spurred. Wings relatively narrow, as shown by the measurements ; strongly tinged with brown, the extreme base more yellowed; stigmal region vaguely more darkened ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc! ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc2 longer, placed near its extreme tip; vein R<> more than one-half its own length be- fore the fork of R:,+ 4 ; cell 1st M2 long and narrow, about equal to vein M4; cell M± subequal to its petiole; m-cu about its own length beyond the fork of M ; vein 2nd A straight, the cell rela- tively narrow. Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black. Male hy- popygium with the spines near the proximal end of basistyle more nearly equal in size than is the case in ultima, the outer 252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 one about two-thirds the length of the major more basal spine .and fully as stout, both provided with appressed setae. Inner dististyle with the elongate erect setae more abundant, erect and conspicuous. Habitat. — GEORGIA. Holotype: <§, Winder, Barrow Co., No- vember 8, 1945 (P. W. Fattig). Neolimnophila capnioptera, while allied to the common and wide-spread N. ultima (Osten Sacken), differs in the narrow darkened wings and in the details of structure of the male hypo- pygium, particularly the spines of the basistyle and the inner dististyle. In Japan and China, rather numerous further spe- cies of the genus occur and it seems possible that still other forms may be found to occur in the southern Appalachians, thus conforming to the type of geographical distribution found in many genera of plants and certain groups of Tipulidae (as Dolichopeza: Oropeza; Dicranoptycha). Whether the genus Neolimnophila Alexander should be placed in the tribe Hexatomini or in the Eriopterini still remains in question. The middle and hind tibiae have long conspicuous spurs which is definitely a Hexatomine character but the affini- ties with such other groups as Chionea Dalman, Cladura Osten Sacken and Crypteria Bergroth seem so obvious that for the time being, at least, it seems better to retain all of these groups in the more primitive Eriopterini. Personal Dr. J. McDunnough, outstanding specialist on North Amer- ican Lepidoptera and recently retired chief of the Systematic Unit of the Division of Entomology, Canadian Department of Agriculture, has accepted a Research Associateship at the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, New York City, where he will continue his studies on North American moths. His work will be of particular value to the Museum since it has been many years since there has been a moth specialist on the staff of this institution. Dr. McDunnough's first research project will be to complete a revision of the large and difficult geo- metrid genus Eupithecia. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Two New Stenosphenus (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) By JOSEF N. KNULL, The Ohio State University * In identifying the Stenosphenus in our collection with the re- cent synopsis by Fisher,f I found that the two following species did not agree with the described forms. Mr. W. S. Fisher kindly compared these and agreed that they were new. Stenosphenus piceus n. sp. Male. Slender, elongate ; shining black throughout. Head irregularly, coarsely punctate, median groove between antennae ; antennae extending over two segments beyond elytra when laid over top, scape stout, coarsely punctured, other seg- ments finely punctate, segments three to seven inclusive spinose at apices, spines decreasing in length apically; surface densely clothed with short pubescence, intermixed with much longer hairs. Pronotum wider than long, widest about middle, wider at base than at apex; sides broadly rounded; disk convex, with transverse depression at base ; surface glabrous, with irregularly placed large and small punctures in all but central area, a long white hair arising from each puncture. Scutellum transverse, rounded in rear, densely pubescent. Elytra at base wider than widest part of pronotum; sides subparallel, broadly rounded on apical fourth to sinuate apices which are spinose on sutural and outer angles ; surface densely, uniformly, coarsely punctured, separated by about their own diameters, a short semi-erect white hair arising from each puncture. Abdomen beneath smooth, finely, sparsely punctate. Pro- sternum smooth in front and in middle, separating to densely, coarsely punctured areas. Length 8.7 mm. ; width 2.3 mm. * Contribution from Department of Zoology and Entomology. tW. S. Fisher, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36, 86-94: 1945. 254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 Female. Differs from male by antennae not extending to apices of elytra.. Prosternum smooth in front and middle with finely, densely punctured pubescent area on each side. Holotype $ and allotype labeled Davis Mts., TEXAS, July 1, D. J. & J. N. Knull collectors. Paratypes, Davis Mts., July 7, H. A. Wenzel, and Chisos Mts., Tex., July 17, 1946, D. J. & J. N. Knull. Paratype in H. W. Wenzel collection, The Ohio State University, rest of type material in collection of author. According to Fisher's key this species would run to S. dolosus Horn. Aside from differences in color, pubescence of elytra is shorter, apices lack prominent spines, and pronotum is more densely punctured. Stenosphenus texanus n. sp. Male. Slender, elongate, shining, prothorax all but anterior margin and femora all but apices red, rest of insect black. Head irregularly coarsely punctured, median groove between antennae ; antennae extending over three segments beyond apices of elytra when laid over top, scape stout, coarsely punctured, other segments finely punctate, segments three to seven inclusive spinose at apices, spines decreasing in length apically, surface clothed with short pubescence, intermixed with longer hairs. Pronotum wider than long, widest in middle, wider at base than at apex; sides broadly rounded; disk convex, with trans- verse depression at base; surface glabrous, with irregularly placed large and small punctures in all but central area, a long white hair arising from each puncture. Scutellum broadly rounded in rear, densely, finely pubescent. Elytra at base wider than middle of pronotum; sides sub- parallel, rounded in apical quarter, apices truncate, sutural and outer angles spinose; surface densely, uniformly punctured, punctures separated by less than their own diameters, a short semi-erect hair arising from each puncture. Abdomen beneath, smooth, shining, sparsely, finely punctate. Prosternum smooth in front, a densely, coarsely punctured area on each side separated in middle by transverse rugulose area. Length 11.2 mm. ; width 2.8 mm. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 255 Female. Antennae extending to about apices of elytra. Pro- sternum transversely rugulose. Holotype male and allotype labeled Davis Mts., TEXAS, July 3, D. J. & J. N. Knull collectors. Paratypes with same data; also from same locality, July 7-27, H. A. Wenzel and Chisos Mts., Tex., July 9, 1936, D. J. & J. N. Knull. Paratypes in H. W. Wenzel collection, The Ohio State University, rest of type ma- terial in collection of writer. According to Fisher's key this species runs to 6". rossi Lins. It differs by having antennae longer than body in male; pro- notum more densely punctured and all of femora in part red. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY CHARLES HODGE IV, RAYMOND Q. BLISS, EDWIN T. MOUL, MAURICE E. PHILLIPS AND HENRY K. TOWNES JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— Anon.— Frank Ellsworth Blaisdell, Sr. (Obituary). [27] 22: 99. Anon.— Mosquito Psychology. [Time Magazine] Oct. 14, 1946. Adams, C. V.— A Method of Marking Insects. [13] 79: 169-171. Chen, S. H.— Evo- lution of Insect Larva. [35] 97: 381-404. Cockerell, T, D. A. — N. Sp. and Sub sp., Collected in a Month in Guatemala. [22] 54: 203-206. Collin, J. E.— On the Selection of a Genotype for a Genus in Which No Named Species Was at Any Time Included by Its Author. [22] 54: 207-210. Dibb, J. R.— Nomenclature (II). [14] 82: 253-254. 256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 Fletcher, F. C.— DDT and the Insect Collection. [38] 20: 32. Fletcher, F. C. — Non-professional Entomology. [38] 20: 12-13. Grant, C.— Spirit. [21] 38-48, Kerrich, G. J. — On Some Terms Used in Insect Morphology and Tax- onomy. [14] 82: 252-253. Moore, G. A.— Presidential Address. [17] 76: 5-9. Oman, P. W. and Cushman, A. D. —Collection and Preservation of Insects. [36] 601 : 1-42, ill. Pradhan, S. — The utility of statistical methods in ento- mological research. [20] 7: 243-247. Romney, Van E.— The insect community found on a perennial peppergrass in southern New Mexico and s.w. Texas. [12] 27: 258-262. Snowball, G. J. — A consideration of the insect population associated with cow dung at Crawly, West Australia. [23] 28: 219-245, ill. Teale, E. W.— Insect trapper. [18] 8: 74-77, ill. Weiss, H. B. — The contributions of physicians to entomology in the United States from 1723 to 1865. [22] 54:309-314. ' ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Bellomy, M. D.— Cardiographs for Grasshoppers. [19] 11: 8-10, ill. Dobzhansky, Th. — Complete reproductive isolation between 2 morphologically similar species of Drosophila. [12] 27: 205-211, 1946. Grant, C. — Transmetamorphic Memory vs. Instinct. [21] 38: 46-47. Hoffman, C. H. et al.— Field Studies on the Effect of DDT on Aquatic Insects. [U.S. D.A. Bur. of Ento.] E-702 : 1-20 + ill. and 4 tables. Lempke, B. J. — Some remarks on Lasiocampa quercus, L. [16] 58: 133-135. Waloff, N. and Richards, O. W.— Obser- vations on the behaviour of Ephestia elutella Hiibner (Phycit) breeding on bulk grain. [35] 97 : 299-335. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Chamberlin, R. V. — A New Chilopod Genus of the Family Sogonidae. [11] 78: 69-71 (k). Chickering, A. M.— The Salticidae of Pan- ama (Spiders). 97: 5-474 (k*), ill., 1946. Cooley, R. A.- Ixodes holdenriedi a N. Sp. of Tick from a Pocket Gopher in Calif. (Acar. Ixod.). [27] 22 : 103-104, ill. Farner, D. S. — A New Host and Locality Record for the Trombiculid Mite W. americana Ewing w/a note on its Morphology. [29] 48: 185-186. Rapp, J. L. C. — List of spiders taken in Champaign Co., 111. during the fall and winter of 1944-1945. [22] 54: 315-319. Southcott, R. V.— Studies on Trombidi- idae (Acarina). [30] 70: 312-316, ill. Southcott, R. V.- On the family Smarididae (Acarina). [30] 70: 173-178 (k), ill. Turk, F. A. — On 2 new false scorpions of the gen- era Tridenchthonius and Microcreagris. [2] 13: 64-70, ill. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 257 THE SMALLER ORDERS.— Back, E. A.— Silverfish. [U.S.D.A. leaflet 149] : 1-4. Bohart, R. M.— A N. Sp. of Halictophagus Parasitic on Cercopidae (Strep., Halic.). [29] 48: 200-202. Davis, C.— Revision of the Embioptera of Western Australia. [23] 28: 139-147, ill. Despax, R.- Contribution a 1'etude du genre Isopteryx Pict. (Chloroperla Newm.) (Plecoptera). [10] 76: 205-233 (*), ill. Despax, R. — Valeur des caracteres sexuels pour la distinction des especes de genre Perla Geoffr. (Plecoptera). [10] 77: 65-74, ill. Freeman, R. B. — Pitrufquenia coypus Marelli. (Mall., Gyrop.) an Ectoparasite on Myocastor coypus Mol. [14] 82: 226-227. Ross, H. H.— Hydropsyche Antilles, an unusual N. Sp. from Santo Domingo (Trich., Hydro.). [29] 48: 182-184. Ross, H. H.— A Review of the Nearctic Lepidostomatidae (Trich.). [3] 39: 265-291 (k*), ill. HEMIPTERA.— Caldwell, J. S.— Notes on Haplaxius Fowler w/desc. of N. Sp. (Homo. Ciyi.). [29] 48: 203-206. Carvalho, J. C. M. — Mirideos neotropicais XXIV : Generos Cystotylus Bergroth, Peritropis Uhler e Poeas Distant (Hemiptera). [39] 67: 1-10, ill., 1946. China and Fennah. — On the genera Tetigonia Geoff., Tettigonia F., Tettigoni- ella Jac., and lassus Fab. (Hemiptera, Homoptera). [2] 12: 707-712. Evans, J. W.— A Natural Classification of Leaf-Hoppers (Homo., Jass.,), Part 2, Aetalionidae, Hylici- dae, Eurymelidae, [35] 97 : 39-54, ill. Evans, J. W.— New leaf-hopper (Homoptera: Jassoidea) from W. Australia. [23] 27: 143-163, ill. Hsiao, T.— The genus Neella Renter, with descriptions of four new species (Miridae). [24] 36: 385-387 (k*). Kullenberg, B. — Studien iiber die Biologic der Capsiden. [40] 23 : 1-522, ill, 1944. Metcalf, Z. P.— A N. Sp. of Delphacodes from Alberta (Fulgor.). [11] 78: 63-65, ill. Monte, O. — Duas N. Sp. de Tingitideos da Bo- livia. [6] 5 : 27-28. Ribaut, H. — Demembrement des genres Athysamus Burm. et Thamnotettix Zett. (Homoptera: Jassidae). [10] 77: 259-270 (k). Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la -AN.A. Dieushes (Heter. Lygae, Beosini). [9| 41 : 126-128 (*). Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la. — A Synopsis of the Hemip- tera-Heteroptera of America North of Mexico, Part III, Family XI— Lygaeidae. [15] 26: 1-40; 41-88 (to be contd.). LEPIDOPTERA. — Beall, G.— Seasonal variation in sex proportion and wing length in the migrant butterfly, D. plexippus (Dan.). [35] 97: 337-53. Bell, E. L— Some Corrections to the "Studies in the Pyrrhopyginae." [22] 258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 54: 199-201. Eliot, N.— Continental Drift and Precis la- vinia. [13] 79: 225-228. Hinton, H. E.— On the Homol- ogy and Nomenclature of the Setae of Lepidopterous Lar- vae, with Some Notes on the Phylogeny of the Lepidoptera. [35] 97: 1-37, ill. Lempke B. J.— (See under Anat, etc.) McDunnough, J. — Note on Certain Dichrorampha Sp. (Lep. Lasp.). [11] 78: 65-67 (*). McDunnough, J.— New N.A. Eupithecias, II (Lep., Geometr.). [11] 78: 86-89. Mc- Dunnough, J. — Some Coleophoridae of Eastern Ontario and N.W. Nova Scotia. [11] 78: 54-63 (*), ill. McDunnough, J. — The Spp. of the Truncata Group of the Genus Dys- stroma (Lep. Geometr.). [11] 78: 71-78. Palmer, E. L. — Some butterflies and moths. [26] 39: 417-424, ill. Sperry, J. L. — Two Apparently New Geometrid Moths from South- ern California. [9] 41 : 137-139. Turner, A. J.— Revision of Australian Lepidoptera. Oecophoridae XIII. [30] 70: 93-120 (k*). Waloff, N. and Richards, O. W.— (See under Anat., etc.) DIPTERA— Alexander, C. P. — Records and Descriptions of Neotropical Crane-flies (Tip.), XXI. [22] 54: 293-397 (*). Alexander, C. P. — New or little-known Tipulidae (Dip.), LXXVI. Neotropical Species. [2] 12: 734-765. Ashby, D. G. and Wright, D. W. — The immature stages of the carrot fly. [35] 97 : 355-379. Carrera, M. e. Lane, J.— Diptera de Caiboa (Est. do Parana) (Dip. Stratiomi, e Ta- ban.). [33] 4: 127-136, ill. Carrera, M.— Duas N. Sp. de Cyrtidae (Dip.) de Brasil. [28] 7: 79-86, ill. Carrera, M. -Pequenas Notas Sobre Asilidae (Dipt.). [28] 7: 93-100 (S), ill. Carrera, M. — Sobre Algumas Esp., do Genero Atoniomyia Herman 1912 (Asil.). [28] 7: 113-128 (Sk*), ill. Cerqueira, N. L. and Boshell-Manrique, J. — Note on Haemagogus Spegazzinii Brothes, 1912 (Culic.). [29] 48: 191-200. Dobzhansky, Th. — (See under Anatomy, etc.). Hardy, G. H. — Miscellaneous notes on Australian Diptera, XI. Evolution of characters in order: venation of the Nemestrinidae. [30] 70: 135-146 (k), ill. Hart, T. A.— Breeding Habits of A. farauti (A. punctulatus var. moluc- censis) in New Guinea. [25] 6: 89-90. Huckett, H. C.— The Subgenera Craspedochaeta and Acrostilpra in N.A. Genus Hylemyia Sens. Lat. (Muse.). [9] 41: 110-125, PI. Ill (k*). Hull, F. M.— The Genus Lepidostola Mik. [1] 1326: 1-15 (k*), ill. Johannsen, O. A.— Revision of the North American species of the Genus Pentaneura (Ten- diped: Chironom.). [22] 54: 267-289 (k*). King, W. V. Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259 and Hoogstraal, H. — Description of 3 new species of mos- quitoes of the genus Aedes, submenus Finlaya, from New Guinea. [24] 36: 305-313 (*), ill. Lee, David J.— Notes on Australian Mosquitoes (Culicidae), Part VI. Genus Tripteroides in Aust. Region. [30] 70: 219-275 (k*), ill. Melander, A. L. — Synopsis of Coptaphlebia, w/descriptions of New American and Oriental Spp. (Dipt. Empid.). [27] 22: 105-117 (k). Pratt, H. D.— The larva of Psorophora (Janthirosoma) coffini Dyar and Knab and a Key to the Psorophora larvae of U. S. and Greater Antilles (Culic.). [29] 48: 209-214. Rees, D. M. and Harmston, F. C.— Ob- servations on the habits of A. freeborni in N. Utah and S. Idaho (Culc.). [25] 6: 73-75. Sabrosky, C. W.— Family Names in the Order Diptera. [29] 48: 163-171. Taylor, F. H. — Contribution to a knowledge of Australian Culicidae. [30] 70: 211-212, ill., n. sp. Taylor, F. H.— Diptera of the territory of New Guinea, XIII. Family Tabanidae, Genus Chrysops. [30] 70: 328-332, ill. Vargas, L. and Palacios, A. M. — Descripcion del Huevo, Larva y Pupa de Anopheles gabaldoni Vargas 1941. [32] 7: 19-27 (S), ill. Wilson, C. A. et al. — A list of the Mosquitoes of Penna. w/notes on their Distribution and Abundance. [25] 6: 78-84. Wood- hill, A. R. — Observations on the morphology and biology of the subspecies of Anopheles punctulatus Donitz. [30] 70: 276-287, ill. Wray, F. C. — Six Generations of C. pipiens without a Blood Meal. [25] 6: 71-72. COLEOPTERA — Araujo, R. L. — Notas Sobre o Genero Tiphavra e Descric,ao de Uma Nova Especie (Col., Cure.). [28] 7: 87-92 (k). Araujo, R. L.— Notas Sobre Variances No Colorido de "Pyrota Vittigera" (Blanch, 1843) (Coleo., Melo.). [31] 4: 229-232 (S), ill. Balfour-Browne, J.- Two N. Spp. of Gyretes (Colo. Gyrn.) from Brazil. [13] 79: 172-174. Barber, H. S.— A New Rhabdopterus from Texas (Chryso.). [9] 41: 140-142. Beck, P.— Cont. a 1'etude de la Faune de Costa-Rica. Coleopteres Lamelli- cornes Dynastinae. [10] 77: 29-32. Benesh, B. — A Sys- tematic Revision of the Holarctic Genus Platycerus Geof- froy (Col. Lucan.). [34] 72: 139-202, PI. IV-IX (k*). Brown, W. J. — Some New Chrysomelidae, w/notes on other Spp. (Coleo.). [11] 78: 47-54, ill. Buchanan, L. L.— The Japanese Weevil, Pseudocreorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs, in America (P. setosus of Amer., Records, not Roelofs) (Cur- cul.). [9] 41: 143. Buchanan, L. L. — Notes on American Rhyncolus, w/description of a N. Sp. (Curcul.). [9] 41: 260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '46 129-136. Cameron, M. — New species of Oriental Staphy- liniidae. [2] 12: 682-694. Chapin, E. A.— Review of the New World species of Hippodamia Dejean (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). [Smith. Misc. Coll.] 106: 1-39 (*), ill. Costa-Lima, A. Da. — Sobre Dios Insetos Galicolas (Cur- culio., Cryptorhynch., e Ichneu, Pimpli.). [8] 8: 189-192 (*), ill. Crowson, R. A. — A Revision of the Genera of the Chrysomelid Group Sagrinae (Coleo.). [35] 97: 75-115 (k*), ill. Fender, K .M. — A Correction to the Key to the Genera of the Scraptiini. [27] 22: 117. Heifer, J. R.— A New Subsp. of Buprestis. [27] 22: 100-102. Hinton, H. E. — -A Key to the Spp. of Xerelmis Hinton w/descriptions of three N. Sp. (Col. Elm.). [14] 82: 237-241 (S). Hin- ton, H. E. — On some new Indo-Australian Sosylus with a Key to the species (Colydiidae). [2] 13: 35-53 (k*), ill. Hinton, H. E. — A Synopsis of the Peruvian Species of Cyl- Icepus Er. (Elm). [2] 12: 713-733 (k). Horsfall, W. R.— Biology and Control of Common Blister Beetles in Arkan- sas. [37] 436: 1-55. Knull, J. N.— The Long Horned Beetles of Ohio (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). [Ohio State Univ. Studies: Ohio Biol. Stir. Bull. 39] 7: 133-354, 1946 (k*), ill. Newman, J. F. — A study of the digestive enzymes of the larval gut of Dinoderus ocellaris(St.). [20] 7: 13-19. Rapp, W. F., Jr. — Zoogeographic distribution of Cicindeli- dae. [14] 82: 224-225. Ray, E.— Studies of N.A. Mordel- lidae, III (Coleo.). [27] 22: 90-99 (*). Rivers, I. L.— Some Food Habits of Feronia ater Dejean (Coleo. Carab.). [27] 22: 102. Rouge, P. — Bio-geographie des Carabides, Chrysomelidae et Curculionides du Bassin du Salat. [10] 77 : 233-243. Van Dyke, E. C.— N. Spp. of N.A. Coleoptera. [27] 22: 81-89 (k). Verdcourt, B.— Notes on the Aspara- gus beetle (Crioceris asparagi, L.), Part I. Variation. [16] 58: 123-124, PI. XVII. HYMENOPTERA— Araujo, R. L.— Contribuic,ao Para O Conhecimento Do Genero "Synoccoides" Ducke, 1905 (Hym., Vesp.). [31] 4: 339-348 (S), ill. Araujo, R. L.- Contribuiqao Para O Conhecimento de "Polybia Minarum" Ducke, 1906 (Hyn., Vesp.). [31] 5: 157-163 (S), ill. Araujo, R. L. — Angiopolybia Nom. N, Para O Conceito Revalidado De Stelopolybia Ducke, 1914 (Hymen., Vesp.). [28] 7: 165-170. Araujo, R. L.— Contribuiqao Para O Con- hecimento De "Gymnopolybia meridionalis (Iher., 1904)" (Hymen.). [4] 11 : 11-16 (Sk*), ill. Araujo, R. L.—Con- tribuiqao para O Conhecimento Do Genero "Metapolybia Ivii, '46] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 261 Ducke, 1905" (Hym., Vesp.). [4] 16: 65-82 (Sk*). Araujo, R. L. — Contribuic,ao Para O Conhecimento Do Genero Editho Parker (Hym., Bemb.). [5] 4: 505-511 (Sk). Costa-Lima, A. Da. — (See under Coleo.). Donisthorpe, H. — The ants of Mauritius (Formicidae). [2] 13: 25-35, ill. Girth, H. B. and McCoy, E. E. — Five Ichneumonidae reared from cocoons of the European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.). [22] 54: 320. Grant, C.— (See under Gen. and Anat., etc.). Michener, C. D. — Notes on the Hab- its of Some Panamanian Stingless Bees (Hymen., Api.). [22] 54: 179-197. Pate, V. S. L.— A New Wasp from the Galapagos Islands (Spec. Pemphi). [27] 22: 118-120. Townes, H. — The Generic Position of the Neotropic Ichneu- monidae w/types in the Phila. and Quebec Museums, De- scribed by Cresson, Hooker, Norton, Provancher and Viereck. [6] 5 : 29-63. Wishart, G.— Laboratory Rearing of M. Gifuersis Ashm., a Parasite of the European Corn Borer. [11] 78:78-82. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Amer. Museum Novitates. 2. — Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 4. — Arquivos do Inst. Biol. Sao Paulo. 5. — Bol. Biol. Soc. Brasil. de Entom. 6. — Bol. de Entom. Venezolana. 7. — Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard. 8. — Bol. de Soc. Brasil. de Agron. 9.— Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc. 10.— Bull. Soc. d'Hist. de Toulouse. 11. — Canadian Entom. 12. — Ecology. 13.- The Entomologist. 14. — Entom. Monthly Mag. 15.— En- tomologica Americana. 16. — Entom. Record & Jour. Var. 17. — Entom. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rep. 18. — Fauna. 19.- Frontiers. 20. — Indian Jour, of Entom. 21. — Jour, of En- tom. & Zool. 22. — Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 23.— Jour. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 24. — Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25- -Mosquito News. 26. — Nature Magazine. 27. — Pan-Pacific Entomol- ogist. 28. — Papeis Avulsos do Dept. Zool. Sao Paulo. 29. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 30. — Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales. 31.— Revista Brasil. Biol. -Re- vista del Inst. de Salub. y Enferm. Tropic. Mexico. 33.- Separata de Arg. du Mus. Paranaense. 34. — Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 35. — Trans. Roy. Entom. Soc., London. 36. — U.S.D.A. Misc. Publ. 37.— Univ. Ark., Coll. Agric. Bull. 38— Wards Nat. Sci. Bull. 39.— Zoologia. 40.— Zoologi- ska Bidrag Fran Uppsala. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera — Wanted, Hyloicus (Sphinx) and other Sphingidae in exchange for U. S. and Wisconsin Lepidoptera. Wm. E. Sicker, 119 Monona Ave., Madison 3, Wisconsin. Hymenoptera-Aculeata (except ants and bees) and Ichneumonidae for exchange or purchase. Will collect any order in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., NW, Washington 11, D. C. Wanted — Oriental Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae for determi- nation and research purposes: China, India, Philippines, Pacific. Will purchase from China, Assam, Burma, Siam, Formosa. Will exchange identified Chinese insects. J. Linsley Gressitt, Lingnan University, Canton, China. Wanted — Papers on Cicindelidae of any part of the world, espe- cially South America and Pacific. R. G. Dahl, 3225 Grand Ave., Apt. 13, Oakland 10, Cal. Chrysididae — Wanted for determination in preparation of revision. Wm. G. Bodenstein, Galesville, Maryland. Coccinelidae — Wanted from other localities. Will buy or exchange for misc. So. Cal. coleops. F. W. Furry, 1633 Virginia Ave., Glen- dale 2, Cal. Wanted — Ataenius and allied Aphodiinae from all parts of the world, especially Mexico, Central and South America. O. L. Cart- wright, Clemson, S. C. For Sale: U.S.A. Only CERAMBYCIDAE The world's largest special collection of Cerambycidae — over 100,000 specimens, more than 16,000 species, including 800 types, 2,000 paratypes, many rarities, unicas and special show pieces. Also included, an almost complete Special Library on Cerambycidae with over 6,000 volumes, 60 complete series of entomological periodicals and 1,500 separates on Cerambycidae. Enquire: Frederic F. Tippmann, Chief Engineer, 49 Fasan- gasse, Vienna, Austria. INDEX TO VOLUME LVII (* Indicates new genera, species, names, etc.) ALEXANDER, C. P. Undescribed crane-flies from the eastern United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae) PartX 245 Undescribed crane-flies from the western United States and Canada (Dipt. : Tipulidae) Part V 65 Idem, Part IV 173 BEATTY, G. H. Dragonflies (Odonata) collected in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in 1945 1, 50, 76, 104 BELL, E. L. Roswell Carter Williams, Jr. (obituary) 167 BRESCIA, F., V. K. LAMER, I. B. WILSON, J. C. ROWELL and K. C. HODGES. Relative toxicity of DDT aerosols to mosquitoes and Musca domestica. Insect Balance . . 180 BROMLEY, S. W. Wheel-bug vs. Japanese beetle 21 CARPENTER, S. J., R. W. CHAMBERLAIN and LEONORA PEEPLES. Tick collections at army installations in the Fourth Service Command 71 CARTWRIGHT, O. L. A new Phyllophaga from Alabama and Georgia (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) 10 CHAMBERLAIN, R. W. (See under Carpenter) CHAMBERLIN, R. V. A new centiped of the genus Guam- bius from Mississippi 194 On some millipeds from Georgia 149 Texophon, a new genus in the diplopod family Lysi- opetalidae 97 CHERMOCK, R. L. Migration in Ascia monusta phileta (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) 144 COCKERELL, T. D. A. Review: British Butterflies 165 Review: The adelid moths of South America 63, 138 CROWELL, H. H. Notes on an amphibious cockroach from the Republic of Panama 171 DRAKE, C. J. and E. J. HAMBLETON. Three new species and a new genus of American Tingidae (Hemiptera) .... 121 FREEMAN, H. A. Two new species of skippers from North and Central America (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) 185 FROTA-PESSOA, O. Drosophila mallochi, nom. nov 155 263 264 INDEX HAMBLETON, E. J. (See under Drake) HATCH, M. H. Nameability in taxonomy. . . . , 141 HENDERSON, W. F. Papilio aristodemus ponceana Schaus (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae) notes . V 100 HODGE, C. IV, E. T. MOUL, M. E. PHILLIPS and H. K. TOWNES, Jr. Current Entomological Literature 22, 58, 86, 112, 159, 198, 230, 255 HODGES, K. C. (See under Brescia) HORSFALL, W. R. Area sampling of populations of larval mosquitoes in rice fields 242 JAMES, M. T. The dipterous family Tylidae (Micropezi- dae) in Colorado 128 KNOWLTON, G. F. A new sagebrush aphid (Homoptera) 153 KNULL, J. N. Two new Stenosphenus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 253 LAMER, V. K. (See under Brescia) LA RIVERS, I. On the genus Trogloderus Le Conte (Cole- optera: Tenebrionidae) 35 Some dragonfly observations in alkaline areas in Nevada .209 LASKY, W. R. Report of mosquitoes collected at Fitz- simons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado, during the seasons 1944-45 ...188, 222 LE CLERQ, J. Notice to laboratories and museums 13 MOUL, E. T. (See under Hodge) OLSON, T. A. A mechanical holder for microscopical examination of pinned insects 101 OSBORN, H. Notice to laboratories and museums 13 PATE, V. S. L. The generic names of the Sapygidae and their type species (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) 219 Two new species of wasps from southern Arizona (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) ." 237 PEEPLES, L. (See under Carpenter) PHILLIPS, M. E. (See under Hodge) RAPP, J. L. C. A translation of the introduction and pref- ace to Meigen's 1800 paper on Diptera 81 Note on pseudoscorpions 197 RAPP, W. F. Ichneumonidae notes 12 INDEX 265 RAU, P. Notes on a few dipterous and hymenopterous parasites of mud-wasps 195 REHN, J. A. G. The post-oak locust (Dendrotettix quercus) at Mount Misery, New Jersey, in 1944 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) 147 REHN, J. W. H. Review: Practical malariology 206 REMINGTON, C. L. A new entomological publication 19 Insects as food in Japan 119 RICHARDS, A. G. Recent papers on the insect cuticle .... 133 RIEGEL, G. T. Wasps and water 33 RIES, D. T. Urocerus gigas Fabricius in Brazil (Hym.: Siricidae) 218 ROBERTS, H. R. Review: The mosquitoes of the south- ern United States east of Oklahoma and Texas 139 ROWELL, J. C. (See under Brescia) SABROSKY, C. W. Notes on recent opinions of the Inter- national Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 14 SCHMIEDER, R. G. On directing the flight of bees 16 Review: Insect dietary 91 SHAPPIRIO, D. G, Notes on District of Columbia wasps (Hym. : Sphecoidea) 229 SHERMAN, F. Notes on Cerambycidae of South Carolina (Coleoptera) 125 STAEBLER, A. E. Aedes tortilis, a mosquito new to the United States 157 STALLINGS, D. B. and J. R. TURNER. Texas Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera: Papilionoidea) 44 STEYSKAL, G. C. Themira nigricornis Meigen in North America, with a revised key to the Nearctic species of Themira (Diptera: Sepsidae) 93 The number of species in a genus 57 Review: Foundations of plant geography 31 TOWNES, H. K. (See under Hodge) TURNER, J. R. (See under Stallings) WENE, G. Additions to the checklist of the Cicadellidae at Chatham, Virginia, with eleven new records for the state 131 WILSON, I. B. (See under Brescia) 266 INDEX WOLCOTT, G. N. Some fungus-growing ants eat and harvest wild fungi 95 WRIGHT, M. A note on hellgrammites in eastern Tennes- see 156 GENERAL SUBJECTS Mud-wasp parasites 195 Amphibious cockroach. . 167 Museums- German. . 135 Ascia monusta migration 144 Museums, war injury to Bebecinus habits 229 13' 135' 183 Bees, directing flight of to red Nameability in taxonomy. ... 141 clover etc 16 New entomological journal Behavior, language of bees'. '.'.'. 16 Number of sPecies Per Senus • • 57 Cockroach, amphibious 167 Odonata, ecology . Collections Parasites of mud-wasps Charles C. Adams (Odon.)-. 158 Post-oak locust in N. J. . .. 147 Carlos C. Hoffman (Lep., Pseudoscorpion collecting 197 scorp ) J84 Species, number per genus .... Albert B'.Wolcott'cClerid.)''. 138 Taxonomy, nameability in . .. 141 Corydalis, wandering larvae ... 156 War and entomology. . 13, 135, 183 Cuticle, recent papers 133 WasPs and water • DDT aerosols, toxicity . ...... 180 WasPs- wmter activity. DDT and insect balance 180 Wheel-bug vs. Japanese beetle . Dendrotettix outbreak... 147 OBITUARY NOTICES Dragonfly ecology 209 Dragonflies in alkaline areas ... 209 Borelli, A. . Food habits, review 91 Hebard, M.. . 217 Food, insects as, in Japan 119 Menozzi, C.. . 99 Food, of ants 95 Williams, R. C., Jr 34,167 Fungus ants and wild fungi ... 95 r»i?r>erkTvr AT c /-. i r n x^H/lxowii Al_• ' SMITHSON AN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 9088 00844 5496