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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOLUME LXXVII, 1966

(

R. G. SCHMIEDER, EDITOR

EDITORIAL STAFF

H. W. ALLEN M. E. PHILLIPS

H. J. GRANT, JR. S. S. ROBACK

PUBLISHED BY

THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A.

1966

The numbers of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1966 were mailed at the Post
Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows :

No. 1 — January January 17, 1966

No. 2 — February February 2, 1966

No. 3— March February 25, 1966

No. 4— April April 11, 1966

No. 5— May May 11, 1966

No. 6 — June June 14, 1966

No. 7— July July 1, 1966

No. 8— October October 12, 1966

No. 9 — November November 15, 1966

The date of mailing the December 1966 number will be announced on
the last page of the issue for January 1967.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

JANUARY

Vol. LXXVII No. 1

CONTENTS

Harmston — Eleven new Dolichopus from X. America (Dipt.) . . 1

Brown and Turner — Panoquina panoquinoides and P. errans ... 17

•

Ball — The Chinese species Diplocheila minima (Col.) 19

Leonard — Brachymeria intermedia in North America (Hym.) . . 25

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII JANUARY, 1966 No. 1

Eleven New Dolichopus from North America
(Dolichopodidae: Diptera)

F. C. HARMSTOX ^

This report includes descriptions of eleven apparently unde-
scribed species of the genus Dolichopus and notes on several
described species.

Dolichopus nigropleurus n. sp.

Mule. Length, 3.5 mm ; of wing, 3.5 mm. Face silvery pol-
linose, its width slightly wider than the diameter of middle
tibia. Front metallic, greenish-bronze. Antennae black ; third
segment as broad as long, round at tip. Arista dorsal. Palpi
black. Postocular cilia wholly black.

Dorsum of thorax green, metallic, lightly dusted with brown-
ish pollen which is most evident when viewed obliquely ; pleurae
green with bronze reflections, dusted with grayish pollen. Ab-
domen dark green, metallic, the incisures bronze ; lower lateral
surfaces of third to fifth segments silvery pollinose. Hypo-
pygium black ; lamellae large, including stem their length is
equal to that of the hind basitarsus, whitish with wide black
border, the apex broadly rounded with lower portion jagged
with strong bristles, the upper edge fringed with black hairs;
there is also a scattering of long delicate blackish hairs on the
outer surface and along the lower edge.

1 Biologist, Disease Ecology Section, Technology Branch, Communica-
ble Disease Center, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Greeley, Colorado 80632.

(1)

2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |Jan., 1966

Coxae black, the anterior surface of the fore and middle pairs
with black hairs and bristles. Femora black, the apices of fore
and middle pairs yellow. Middle and hind femora each with
a single preapical bristle ; hind femora ciliated on lower inner
edge with long black hairs which are nearly as long as the
diameter of femora. Fore and middle tibiae yellow ; hind tibiae
black (one specimen has the hind tibia yellowish-brown on
extreme basal portion), tapering toward the base, the apical
portion distinctly thickened and appearing somewhat laterally
compressed. Fore and middle tarsi black from the tip of first
segment ; middle basitarsus without a bristle on upper surface ;
hind tarsi black, first and second segments of equal length, the
former conspicuously enlarged and much thicker than the fol-
lowing segments. Halteres and calypters yellow, the latter with
black cilia.

Wings grayish hyaline ; costa with an elongated enlargement
at tip of first vein ; anal angle not prominent, tapering rather
gradually toward root of wing.

Described from 3 males collected by the author at Dillon.
COLORADO, August 13, 1958. Holotype male to be deposited in
the U. S. National Museum; paratype male in the California
Academy of Sciences, and in the collection of the author.

This species resembles D. packardi Van Duzee in general
coloration but it differs in having the first two segments of hind
tarsi of equal length, in the middle basitarsus lacking a promi-
nent bristle on upper surface, and in having the hind femur
densely ciliate along the lower edge. In packardi, the first
segment of hind tarsi is not at all thickened and is nearly twice
the length of second segment ; the middle basitarsus bears one
(occasionally two) prominent bristles on upper edge; and the
posterior femora have only a few scattered long cilia along
lower edge.

Dolichopus squamicilliatus n. sp.

Male. Length 3.5 mm ; of wing, 3.3 mm. Face wide, lus-
trous silvery pollinose. Front metallic, greenish-bronze in the

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3

middle, the lateral portions bordering the eyes silvery pollinose.
Palpi black, with grayish pollen when viewed obliquely. An-
tennae black; third segment slightly longer than wide, the tip
bluntly pointed. Arista inserted just above the tip. Lower
postocular cilia white, extremely long and flattened, especially
those near the oral opening ; about nine of the upper cilia black.

Dorsum of thorax metallic, dark green with bronze reflec-
tions ; pleurae with grayish pollen. Abdomen with first two
segments bright metallic green, the following three segments
shining bronze, hairs and bristles on the dorsuni black, the
sides densely clothed with delicate pale cilia. Hypopygium
black; lamellae large, about as long as the hind basitarsus ; the
apical portion equally wide, whitish with wide black margin
which is evenly rounded with jagged edge and fringed with
long black hairs.

Fore coxae black on basal half, the anterior surface densely
silvery pollinose with delicate pale hairs and with black bristles
at tip. Middle and hind coxae black. Femora yellow, the hind
pair black at tip as far as the preapical bristle. Hind femora
ciliated on lower inner edge with delicate white hairs that are
longer than the diameter of femora and are slightly curled or
crinkly at tip. Fore and middle tibiae yellow. Hind tibiae
black on outer surface except upper edge which is yellow on
basal three-fourths ; flattened, gradually tapering and enlarged
toward the tip, the inner surface more brownish and glabrous
throughout. Halteres and calypters yellow, the latter with deli-
cate pale cilia.

\Yings grayish hyaline ; costa with a knot-like enlargement at
the tip of first vein; anal margin of wing not rounded or promi-
nent, tapering rather gradually to root of wing.

Described from 1 male collected by the author at Red Feather
Lake, COLORADO, June 19, 1964. Holotype to be deposited in
the U. S. National Museum.

This species differs from all known members of the genus
Dolicliupus by possessing the following combination of char-
acters : lower postocular cilia and bristles behind the oral open-
ing extremely numerous, long, and flattened ; cilia of squamae

4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1966

pale ; outer surface of hind tibia wholly black. The only species
which might IDC confused with squamicilliatus is D. fucatus Van
Duzee, but it lacks cilia along the lower edge of hind femur and
the lower post ocular cilia are yellowish and not at all flattened.

Dolichopus footei n. sp.

Male. Length, 4.2 mm ; of wing, 4 mm. Face moderately
wide, grayish-white pollinose. Front violet, metallic. Palpi
concolorous with face. Antennae black ; third segment tri-
angular, about twice as long as wide, the tip pointed. Arista
inserted just above the tip, appearing subapical. Postocular
cilia wholly black.

Dorsum of thorax black ; pleurae dark greenish, dusted with
silvery pollen. Abdomen dark green, metallic, the portions
bordering the incisures black, the sides with silvery pollinose
areas. Hypopygium black, the apical portion narrowed, ap-
pearing less bulbous than usual with this genus ; lamellae black,
about one-half the length of hind basitarsus, rather round, with
a large rounded notch in the lower apical margin, the remainder
of margin jagged and fringed with black hairs and bristles.

Coxae, femora, tibiae, and tarsi black, of plain structure, their
hairs and bristles black. Hind femora without long cilia on
lower inner margin, but with a row of delicate hairs that are
only about one-fourth as long as the diameter of the femur.
Halteres and calypters yellow, the latter with black cilia.

Wings grayish, hyaline ; costa with an elongated enlargement
at the tip of first vein, the elongation as long as the cross-vein ;
tip of wing with a small, round, jet-black spot bisected by the
tip of the fourth vein.

Female. Similar to the male in coloration of body and legs.
Face about twice as wide as in male. Third segment of an-
tennae triangular, as broad as long, the arista apical. Wing
with the apical dark spot present, but smaller, slightly less
prominent than in male.

Described from 3 male and 2 females collected by Dr. B. A.
Foote, at Kalispell Bay, Priest Lake, IDAHO, July 7, 1959.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Holotype male and allotype female to be deposited in the U. S.
Xational Museum ; paratype male in the California Academy of
Sciences ; paratype male and paratype female in the collection
of the author.

The wholly black coloration of body and legs together with
the black hypopygial lamellae and small jet-black spot at apex
of wing will readily distinguish this species from all of the
known members of the genus Dolichopus.

Dolichopus shastaensis n. sp.

Male. Length, 5 mm. Face rather wide, long, reaching to
near the lower corner of the eye, of rather uniform width, the
portion immediately below antennae slightly wider than the
middle portion, silvery pollinose, the upper portion showing a
yellowish tinge when viewed obliquely. Front metallic, bur-
nished bronze. Palpi silvery pollinose. Antennae black; first
and second segments yellow on lower half, of about equal length,
the former considerably expanded and with dense, stiff, black
hairs, especially conspicuous on outer surface. Arista thick,
densely pubescent, subapical. About the upper twelve post-
ocular cilia black ; six of the middle cilia white and slightly
flattened ; the lower cilia and the bristles behind oral opening
black and slightly flattened.

Dorsum of thorax metallic green with bronze reflections;
pleurae dull-greenish, densely whitish pollinose. Abdomen me-
tallic green with bronze reflections, the lateral and lower por-
tions silvery pollinose. Hypopygium black, silvery pollinose;
outer lamellae slightly longer than wide, the apex rather evenly
rounded, yellow with black margin fringed with stiff black
bristles. Halteres and calypters yellow, the latter with dense
tuft of white cilia.

Fore coxae yellow, the posterior surface concolorous with
pleurae, the anterior surface clothed with black hairs except on
upper outer portion where the surface is glabrous ; middle and
hind coxae black. Femora and tibiae yellow ; middle femora
with a single anterior preapical bristle; hind femora with a row

6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Jan., 1966

of live or six bristles of increasing length ending in the pre-
apical bristle, without cilia along lower inner edge. Hind tibiae
thickened and noticeably compressed, with a long, flat, glabrous
area on inner surface. All tarsi infuscated from near the tip
of first segments.

Wings grayish hyaline ; costa with an elongated enlargement
at tip of first vein ; hind margin of wing deeply indented at tip
of fifth vein ; anal margin rather evenly rounded and prominent.

Female. Face wider than in the male. Antennae smaller
than in male. Costa not enlarged at tip of first vein. Hind
tibiae normal. Coloration of body, legs, postocular cilia, and
cilia of calypters as in the male.

Described from 5 males and 10 females collected by Mr.
W. H. Lange, at Cassel, Shasta County, CALIFORNIA, July 15,
1955. Holotype male and allotype female to be deposited in
the U. S. National Museum; paratypes in the California Acad-
emy of Sciences, the University of California at Davis, and
collection of the author.

This species is related to D. crenatns Osten Sacken, but is
readily distinguished by having the lower postocular cilia and
the bristles behind oral opening wholly black and in having the
anterior surface of fore coxae clothed with coarse black hairs.
In crenatns the lower postocular cilia from about the middle of
the eye are yellowish and the anterior surface of fore coxae is
clothed with extremely delicate pale hairs.

Dolichopus abaftanus n. sp.

Male. Length, 5 mm. Face rather narrow, its width about
equal to the diameter of hind tibiae, whitish pollinose, very
slightly tinged with yellow in some lights. Front metallic green,
with violet reflections. Antennae black ; first segment expanded
on inner portion, yellow on lower half ; second segment narrowly
yellow at base below ; third segment about as long as wide,
pointed, the arista rather thick on basal portion and inserted
immediately above the tip of third segment. Postocular cilia
yellow, about ten of the upper cilia black.

IxXVli] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7

Thorax green with metallic bronze reflections and dense
patches of yellowish-brown pollen on dorsum ; pleurae dusted
with silvery pollen. Abdomen green, usually with bronze re-
flections on the sides and with grayish pollen on lower portions
(in some specimens the sides show a beautiful bluish-violet
reflection ) . Hypopygium black, lightly grayish pollinose ; lamel-
lae slightly longer than wide, dusky yellow with dark brown
apical margin, the apex rather evenly rounded and scarcely at
all jagged; margins sparsely fringed with brownish hair-like
bristles.

Fore coxae yellow with a broad green stripe on outer posterior
surface ; anterior surface with silvery pollen and minute white
hairs except at extreme base on inner edge and on apical fourth
where the hairs are larger and black. Middle and hind coxae
black, narrowly yellowish at tip. Femora and tibiae yellow ;
hind tibiae blackish at tip, especially on inner side. Middle
femora with a single large preapical bristle preceded by a row
of several smaller hair-like bristles ; hind femora with a row
of about six bristles ending in the preapical bristle. Fore and
middle tarsi black from the tip of first segment, the middle tarsi
whitish on basal portion; hind tarsi black from about the basal
third of first segment. Middle tarsi very slightly compressed
from the tip of first segment, the comparative lengths of the
segments as 10-6-5-4-4. Halteres and calypters yellow, the
later with black cilia.

\Yings grayish, hyaline ; costa not thickened at tip of first
vein; last portion of fourth vein bent near its middle; hind
margin of wing broadly concave at tip of sixth vein, the anal
lobe rounded, very prominent, and with anal margin at a right
angle to the costa.

Female. Face wider than in male, yellowish-white. Fore

*>

coxae covered with black hairs on anterior surface. Middle
tarsi not at all compressed. 1 find margin of wings evenly
rounded.

Described from 22 males and 8 females collected by Mr. L. S.
Miller at Howard Prairie Lake Reservoir. 21 miles east of
Ashland, OREGON, July 24, 1963. Holotype male and allotypr

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1966

female to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum; para-
types in the California Academy of Sciences, the Oregon State
Board of Health, and the collection of the author.

Dolichopus abaftanus n. sp. closely resembles Dolichopus
aldrichii (Wheeler) : it differs from the latter species in the
costa having no enlargement at tip of first vein ; in lacking the
conspicuously flattened middle tarsi ; much shorter and less
dense cilia of calypters ; and broader anal lobe of wing.

Dolichopus sinualaris n. sp.

Male. Length, 4.8 mm ; of wing, 4.3 mm. Face rather nar-
row, its width on lower portion equaling the diameter of fore
tibiae, wider on upper portion ; silvery pollinose when viewed
from the front, but showing a yellowish tinge when viewed
obliquely. Front metallic, blue-violet. Palpi yellow. An-
tennae black ; first segment narrowly yellow at tip below ; third
segment slightly longer than wide, somewhat oval, bluntly
pointed ; arista inserted slightly beyond the middle of segment.
Postocular cilia wholly black.

j

Dorsum of thorax dark green with bronze reflections, dusted
with brownish pollen ; pleurae dull green, densely silvery polli-
nose. Abdomen green, the incisures broadly darkened and
with bronze reflections, the lower lateral portions densely sil-
very pollinose. Hypopygium black, dusted with silvery pollen ;
lamellae yellow, the margins narrowly blackened, about the
length of second segment of middle tarsi, rounded on basal por-
tion, flattened at apex which is deeply jagged and bristly,
fringed above with bristle-like hairs.

Fore coxae yellow with large dark spot on outer side at base,
the anterior surface clothed with black hairs ; middle and hind
coxae black. Femora yellow, the hind pair narrowly but sharply
blackened at tip above. Middle and hind femora each with two
preapical bristles placed one in front of the other. Hind femora
with a row of delicate brownish (in some lights yellowish) cilia
on lower inner edge which are longer and more numerous to-
ward the tip where their length is about one-fourth the diameter
of femur. Tibiae yellow, the hind pair black at tip for about

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9

one-sixth their length. Fore tarsi of plain structure, first four
segments dark yellow, the fifth segment hlack. Middle tarsi
blackened from the tip of first segment. Hind tarsi wholly
Mack. Ilalteres and calypters yellow, the latter with hlack cilia.

Wings grayish, hyaline; costa with a small knot-like enlarge-
ment at tip of first vein ; hind margin broadly concave between
the tips of fifth and sixth veins, which makes the anal portion
of wing lobe-like and very prominent.

Described from 1 male collected by the author at Bismarck,
NORTH DAKOTA, August 25. 1961. Holotype male to be de-
posited in the U. S. National Museum.

The presence of two preapical bristles at the tip of middle and
hind femora, together with the wholly black postocular cilia, and
the broadly incised posterior margin of the wing with its large,
broad anal lobe readily separate this species from other known
Dolichopus.

Dolichcpus zygomus n. sp.

Male. Length, 4.2 mm ; of wing, 4 mm. Face rather wide,
silvery white. Front metallic, green with bronze reflections.
Antennae black ; third segment slightly longer than wide, some-
what oval, bluntly rounded at tip. Lower postocular cilia white.
upper cilia black.

Thorax green with slight bronze reflections ; pleurae dusted
with gray pollen. Abdomen green with coppery reflections, the
incisures darkened, the sides with gray pollen. Hypopygium
black, dusted with gray pollen; lamellae large, as long as the
first segment of middle tarsi, the apex broadly rounded and
nearly two-thrids as wide as the length of lamella, whitish-
yellow with the apical and upper margins broadly blackened,
jagged and bristly at apex and fringed with long black hairs
that are continued along the upper margin to near the stem.

Fore coxae dark on about the basal half; anterior surface sil-
very pollinose and clothed with minute white hairs except nar-
rowly on inner portion where the hairs are black. Middle and
hind coxae black-. Femora yellow, the hind pair blackened at

10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |Jail., 1966

tip, except below, as far as the preapical bristle ; bind femora
without black hairs on outer surface except narrowly along
upper edge, which gives the outer surface a somewhat glabrous
appearance, the lower inner edge with a row of delicate, evenly
spaced, pale cilia the length of which is less than one-third the
width of femur. Tibiae yellow ; fore tibiae with a long bristle
at tip on outer side that is about one-half the length of first
segment of fore tarsi and with a similar, but more slender and
slightly shorter, bristle on the inner side. Hind tibiae about
as long as the hind femora, somewhat laterally compressed, par-
ticularly on basal half which is slightly wider than the apical
half ; black on about apical third and narrowly infuscated on
outer side to about the middle, the posterior surface bright
yellow in color except for the black tip. Fore and middle tarsi
black from the tip of the first segment; hind tarsi wholly black.
Halteres and calypters yellow, the latter with whitish cilia.

Wings gray ; costa with a slightly elongated knot-like enlarge-
ment at the tip of first vein ; hind margin of wing evenly rounded
and somewhat narrowed toward the base, the anal angle not
prominent.

Described from 1 male collected by Dr. C. P. Alexander
along Taylor Highway, at Mile Post 49, West Fork Dennisan
River, ALASKA, August 15, 1954. Holotype male to be de-
posited in the U. S. National Museum.

This species is related to sqiiainicilliatus n. sp., from which
it is readily distinguished by having the lateral portions of
abdomen clothed with short, stiff, black hairs. In squamicillia-
ttis the lateral portions of abdomen are clothed with long, deli-
cate, pale cilia. D. zyyoituts n. sp. also differs in having the
cilia along lower edge of hind femora only about one-third as
long as the diameter of femora.

Dolichopus factivittatus n. sp.

Male. Length, 5.6 mm. Face wide, its width equaling the
diameter of hind tibiae, silvery pollinose. Front metallic, blue-
green, lightly dusted with gray pollen. Antennae yellow ; third

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11

segment about as long as wide, obtusely pointed, brown on
about the apical half. Postocular cilia white, about six of the
upper cilia on each side black.

Thorax green with bronze reflections, dusted with gray pollen,
the dorsum with a sharply defined, shining coppery, median
stripe ; pleurae dulled with silvery pollen. Abdomen green with
bronze reflections, the sides dusted with silver pollen. Hypo-
pygium black, dusted with gray pollen ; lamellae equaling the
length of second segment of middle tarsi, about one-half as
broad as long and of nearly equal width throughout, the apex
rather evenly rounded, narrowly blackened, jagged and bristly ;
the outer surface and lower edge clothed with delicate pale
cilia, the upper edge with evenly-spaced, stiff, black hairs that
are curved at their tips.

Fore coxae, femora, and tibiae yellow. Middle coxae brown-
ish-black on outer surface. Fore coxae with delicate pale hairs
on anterior surface and with a few small black hairs on inner
edge. Middle and hind femora each with a single preapical
bristle. Hind femora ciliated along entire lower inner edge
with yellow hairs which are short and delicate on basal half;
the hairs on apical half of about equal length and about one-
third as long as the width of femora. Hind tibiae somewhat
thickened and bowed inward at basal third, the inner surface
glabrous except on apical third. Fore tarsi black from the mid-
dle of third segment ; second segment slightly more than one-
half the length of first segment and slightly less than twice the
length of third segment; upper edge of third segment fringed
with long black hairs on apical half; fourth segment fringed
above with black hairs which are much shorter than those on
third segment ; fourth and fifth segments of equal length, each
slightly less than one-half the length of third segment. Middle
and hind tarsi black from the tip of first segment ; middle basi-
tarsi with a large bristle on upper edge at apical third. Calyp-
ters and halterese yellow, the former with black cilia.

\Yings gray ; costa with a prominent bulbous elongated en-
largement at tip of first vein which is nearly as long as the third
segment of middle tarsi ; last section of fourth vein bent at right

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., 1966

angles near its middle, the bend having a stump vein at its first
angle; anal angle rounded, prominent.

Described from 4 males collected by the author at Terre
Haute, INDIANA, July 4, 1944. Holotype male to be deposited
in the U. S. National Museum ; paratype males in the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences and in the collection of the author.

This interesting species resembles D. vlttatns Loew in pos-
sessing a bulbous elongated enlargement at the tip of first vein,
in the form of the hypopygial lamellae, and in the comparative
lengths of the segments of fore tarsi. It differs from vittatus
by having a fringe of long hairs on the upper edge of the third
and fourth segments of fore tarsi and in having the lower inner
edge of hind femora ciliated with pale hairs which on the apical
half of femora are nearly one-third as long as the diameter of
the femora. The fringe on third and fourth segments of fore
tarsi in factivittatus n. sp. is similar to that of D. cuprinns.
D. longipennis, D. sarotcs, and D. absotuis.

Dolichopus smithae n. sp.

Male. Length, 6 mm. Face moderately wide, dark ochre
yellow, more brownish when viewed obliquely. Front metallic,
dark bronze, dusted with brownish pollen. Antennae black ;
first segment brownish-yellow on lower apical portion ; third
segment slightly longer than wide, pointed at tip ; arista rather
short, ending in a prominent fusiform lamella. Postocular cilia
wholly black.

Thorax dark green, the dorsal surface with metallic bronze
reflections when viewed obliquely ; pleurae green, densely sil-
very pollinose. Abdomen green with bronze reflections, the
incisures narrowly blackened, the sides grayish pollinose. Hy-
popygium black, grayish pollinose; lamellae about three times
as long as wide, their length about equal to the length of first
segment of fore tarsi, of rather uniform width, the basal three-
fifths dusky yellow, the apical two-fifths black with the apex
rounded, jagged, and bristly.

Fore coxae yellow, the basal half of the outer surface dull
green and densely silvery pollinose, the anterior surface densely

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13

clothed with small black hairs. Middle and hind coxae black.
Femora yellow, the middle and hind pairs each with one pre-
apical bristle, the latter nearly bare below, showing only short,
delicate, pale cilia at high magnification. Tibiae yellow, the
hind pair narrowly black at tip on outer surface, the black color
extending to apical third on inner surface. Fore tarsi with
first three segments yellow, the tip of each very narrowly infus-
cated; fourth and fifth segments black; fourth segment con-
spicuously compressed, as wide at tip as it is long, the upper
apical margin bearing several short, stiff, bristles; fifth segment
much compressed, divided into two lobes, the upper of which
is almost twice the length of lower lobe and only about one-half
as wide. Middle tarsi black from the tip of first segment which
has a large bristle above near apical third. Hind tarsi wholly
black. Halteres and calypters yellow, the latter with black cilia.

Wings grayish ; costa with an enlargement commencing before
the tip of first vein and gradually tapering ; wing of rather equal
width, the anal angle only moderately prominent.

Female. Similar to the male in coloration of body and legs ;
face about twice as wide as that of the male, grayish pollinose,
arista without fusiform enlargement at tip.

Described from 1 male and 3 females collected in ALASKA.
Holotype male and allotype female taken at Mt. McKinley Na-
tional Park, Mile Post 29, July 15, 1952, by Dr. Marion E.
Smith ; University of Massachusetts, in whose honor the species
is named; one paratype female taken at Teklanika River, Mt.
McKinley National Park, Mile Post 29, July 15, 1952, and one
paratype female taken at Mile Post 1146, Alaska Highway,
Yukon Territory, July 7, 1952, both collected by Dr. C. P.
Alexander. Holotype male and allotype female to be deposited
in the U. S. National Museum; paratype females in the col-
lection of the author.

The structure of the fore tarsi in D. smithae n. sp. is very
similar to that of D. rcichardti Stackelberg, described from
Pamir. The two species may be readily separated by the color
of the postocular cilia which are wholly black in /'. swithae,
pale in D. reichardti.

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1966

Dolichopus fulgerus n. sp.

Male. Length, 5 mm. Face moderately wide, its width
about equal to the distance between the tips of third and fourth
veins, silvery pollinose when viewed from the front, grayish or
brownish-gray when viewed obliquely. Front dark green,
lightly dusted with brownish-gray pollen in the middle, the sides
densely brownish pollinose. Antennae black ; first segment yel-
low below on apical portion ; third segment about one and one-
third times as long as wide, bluntly pointed ; arista long, notice-
ably widened on apical fourth. Postocular cilia white, about
six or seven of the upper cilia on each side black.

Thorax metallic green with bronze reflections, the dorsum
grayish pollinose ; pleurae densely grayish pollinose. Abdomen
green with bronze reflections, the sides densely grayish polli-
nose. Hypopygium black ; lamellae about as long as the second
segment of hind tarsi, the apex broadly rounded, scarcely jagged,
fringed with black hairs, tapering rather gradually toward the
base, of a sordid grayish color, the apical margin blackened.

Fore coxae black and densely grayish pollinose on basal half,
the apical half yellowish ; anterior surface with black hairs ex-
cept the outer basal portion which is covered with minute white
hairs. Middle and hind coxae black. Femora yellow ; middle
and hind femora each with one preapical bristle, the latter
densely ciliated on lower edge of basal half and sparsely ciliated
on apical half with delicate pale cilia that are about one-fourth
as long as the diameter of femora. Tibiae yellow, the hind
pair black on about apical fourth. Fore tarsi almost twice the
length of their tibiae, the segments extremely slender, the
second and third segments somewhat laterally compressed ; first
three segments yellow, the fourth and fifth black ; fourth seg-
ment considerably compressed, elongate-triangular ; fifth seg-
ment much compressed, triangular, about as wide at the tip as
long, the apex somewhat concave. Middle tarsi about one and
one-half times as long as their tibiae, black from the tip of first
segment which has a long bristle on upper surface at apical
third. Hind tarsi black, elongate, the first two segments equal-

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15

ing the length of their tihiae. Halteres and calypters yellow,
the latter with hlack cilia.

Wings gray ; costa with a prominent elongated enlargement
at tip of first vein which tapers gradually toward tip of wing ;
hind margin of wing tapering toward hase, the anal angle not
prominent.

Female. Face wider than male. Arista plain, tapering
evenly to the tip. Fore tarsi hlack from the tip of first segment ;
otherwise the coloration of the legs and the body as in the male.

Described from 2 males and 1 female collected by Dr. C. P.
Alexander at Muncho Lake, Mile Post 455, Alaska Highway,
BRITISH COLUMBIA, June 28, 1952. Holotype male and allo-
type female to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum ;
paratype male in the collection of the author.

This very distinct species is readily recognized by the greatly
elongated and peculiarly modified fore tarsi. No other known
species of Dollchopus has the fore tarsi about twice the length
of fore tibiae, second and third segments extremely slender and
laterally compressed, the fourth and fifth segments black, lat-
erally compressed and forming a broad concave-triangular tip.

Dolichopus kyphotus n. sp.

Male. Length. 4 mm. Face rather narrow, silvery polli-
nose. Front metallic green, lightly dusted with gray pollen.
Palpi yellow. Antennae black ; first segment brown on lower
apical portions third segment as wide as long, the tip broadly
rounded. Postocular cilia white, about six of the upper cilia
black.

Thorax green, metallic, lightly grayish pollinose; pleurae
densely grayish pollinose. Abdomen metallic, dark green with
bronze reflections, the middle portion of the third segment shin-
ing blue when viewed from the side. Hypopygium black; lamel-
lae about as long as the second segment of hind tarsi, somewhat
oval, white with narrow black apical margin which is deeply
jagged and bristly, the inner surface with numerous long,
curled, pale cilia.

16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1966

Fore coxae yellowish-brown, the inner portions of a lighter
color, the outer and basal portions infuscated and dusted with
gray pollen ; anterior surface clothed with delicate pale hairs
except on the inner basal portion where the hairs are larger and
black. Middle and hind coxae black. Femora and tibiae yel-
low. Middle and hind femora each with one preapical bristle,
the latter ciliated on about the apical third of the lower inner
edge with delicate pale hairs the longest of which are about as
long as the width of femur at point of attachment. Hind tibiae
slightly thickened and blackened on apical fifth. Fore and mid-
dle tarsi infuscated from the tip of the first segment. First
segment of fore tarsi about as long as the combined length of
the second and third segments and with numerous short, stiff
black bristles on its lower surface ; first and second segments
somewhat laterally compressed and appearing considerably
broader than the following three segments. First segment of
middle tarsi without a bristle on upper edge. Hind tarsi wholly
black. Halteres and calypters yellow, the latter with delicate
pale cilia.

AYings grayish ; costa with a knot like enlargement at the
juncture of first vein from which point the costa tapers gradu-
ally toward tip of wing ; hind margin of wing evenly rounded,
the anal angle only moderately prominent.

Described from 1 male collected by Mr. C. O. Berg, at Mata-
nuska Valley, ALASKA, June 27, 1952. Holotype male to be
deposited in the U. S. National Museum.

Dolicliopns kyplwtus n. sp. is much like D. flavicilliatns Van
Duzee but differs in the structure of the antennae and the cilia-
tion of hind femora. In flavicilliatus the third segment of an-
tenna is about twice as long as broad ; the cilia of hind femora
are coarse, longer than the diameter of the femur, and are
evenly spaced along the apical two-thirds of lower edge of
femur. The first and second segments of the fore tarsi in
flavicilliatus are slender, not conspicuously enlarged as in ky-
photns n. sp.

Paratypes of Dolichopns pingreensis James in the Colorado
State University collection have been compared with specimens

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL XENVS 17

of D. flaz'icilliatits Van Duzee from various areas in Canada,
Minnesota, and \Yyoming. They appear synonymous.

Dolichopus plumipes (Scopoli )

Mnsca plninipes Scopoli. Ent. Carn., p. 334, 1763.
Dolichopus nigroapicalis Van Duzee. Pan-Pac. Ent. 6: 125,
1930.

The coloration of the face and antennae together \vith the
narrow black line on the dorsal surface of middle tibia identify
nigroapicalis to be the same as plituiipes. In the type male
specimen of nigroapicalis from Colorado the middle tarsi and
tips of middle tibiae were broken off which caused Van Duzee
to misidentify his specimen.

Panoquina panoquinoides (Skinner)

and Panoquina errans (Skinner)

(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

F. MARTIN BROWN, Fountain Valley School, Colorado Springs,
Colo, and THOMAS W. TURNER, Kingston, Jamaica, W. I.

This winter Mr. Turner sent to me the results of several years
of work upon the life histories of Jamaican butterflies. These
were for incorporation in a forthcoming book about the butter-
flies of Jamaica by Brown and Heineman. In reading Mr.
Turner's notes about panoquinoides I was struck by the differ-
ence between his descriptions and those of Dr. John A. Comstock
(1930) relative to errans. Dos Passes (1964) followed Evans
(1955) in placing errans as a subspecies of panoquinoides thus
differing from the treatment of errans by McDunnough (1938),
who followed Lindsey, Bell and Williams ( 1931 ) . Evans's place-
ment was based upon the similarity of the male genitalia. These
are similar, but by no means exactly alike. They are more alike
than these structures are alike among the other species in the
genus.

18

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

| Jan., 1966

If crrans is considered a subspecies of panoquinoides, then
the species has a remarkably disjunct distribution. Panoqui-
noides is found from Florida to Texas in the Gulf States and
in the Greater Antilles, cugcon Godman & Salvin in the Lesser
Antilles, and crrans in California and Lower California. Evans's
subspecies calna from Callao, Peru, probably is another species.
This bothered me when I reviewed the genus in preparation for
writing the text of the book noted above. I believe it is much
better to revert to the older treatment of these taxa and to con-
sider crrans a species that is related to panoquinoides and prob-
ably derived from it, but not a subspecies of it. Below is a com-
parison of the immature stages of the two that point up the
significance of the slight but constant genitalic differences.

panoquinoides

EGG : hemispherical, white

LARVA :

1st Instar : vivid green, light
brown head changing to
blackish brown. Two fine
dorsal cream colored lines.

Mature : Green, four dorsal
greenish-white stripes, a yel-
lowish-white lateral stripe.

PUPA : Translucent green,
larval stripes persist on dor-
sum of abdomen.

errans

MALE VALVE : subquadrate,
about 0.5 deep as long;
cauclad tooth coarsely spined ;
as long as aedoeagus.

hemispherical, pale yellow

white with black head

Reddish-brown with a dorsal
dark line and a thin dark
lateral line. Prothoracic shield
white with a black transverse
bar.

Whitish green head and wing-
cases, a pair of brownish eye-
spots ; abdomen pale brownish
yellow. Anterior portions
hairy. Darkens materially just
before imago emerges,
subquadrate, about 0.4 deep as
long ; cauclad tooth finely
spined ; a little shorter than
aedoeagus.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 ')

REFEREXC i:s

COMSTOCK, J. A. 1930. Studies of Pacific Coast Lcpidoptera. Dull. S.

Calif. Acad. Sci. 29 : 135-142.
DOS PASSOS, C. F. 1964. A Synonymic list of the Xcarctic Rhopaloccra.

The Lepid. Soc., Memoir No. 1, p. 3.
EVANS, W. H. 1955. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidac in the

British Museum (Natural History). Part IV, p. 403.
LINDSEY, A. W., E. L. BELL, R. C. WILLIAMS. 1931. The Hesperioidca

of North America. Denison Univ. Bull. Jour. Sci. Lab. 26: 138.
McDuNNoucH, J. 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and

the United States. Part 1, Macrolepidoptera, Mem. S. Calif. Acad.

Sci. 1 : 36.

The Chinese Species Diplocheila minima Jedlicka:
A Redescription and Observations on its Rela-
tionships (Col.: Carabidae)

GEORGE E. HALL, Department of Entomology, University of
Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

INTRODUCTION

This species was described in 1931, but in a revision of the
genus Diplocheila (Hall, 1959: 47 J, the species was listed as
incertac scdis, because I had not seen the type material, and
could not decide on the basis of the original description if the
insect was in fact a member of that genus.

While visiting the Deutsches Entomologisch.es Institut in
1961, I discovered the two cotypes of this species, and obtained
the female on loan. Later, at the Hritish Museum, I found a
third specimen of the species, a male, which had not been men-
tioned in the original description, and which Jedlicka evidently
had not seen before he published the description. These speci-
mens are described below, following which the classification
of this species is discussed.

20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1966

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to Dr. J. W. Machatschke, Deutsches Ento-
mologisches Institut, and to Mr. J. Balfour-Browne, British
Museum (Natural History), for the loan of the material on
which this study is based.

This work is a by-product of a study financed in part by
Grant A- 1399, National Research Council of Canada.

A preliminary draft of the manuscript was read and criti-
cized by Brian Hocking, Donald R. Whitehead, and John R.
Barren, Department of Entomology, University of Alberta, and
the final draft was typed by Miss Joan Shore, Departmental
secretary.

DESCRIPTION

Diplocheila minima Jedlicka, 1931

Diploclicila minima Jedlicka, 1931: 103. Ball, 1959: 47.

Female, labelled as follows : Nitou, Tatsieniu, Szechuan,
China, Em. Reitter ; COTYPUS [red paper] ; Diplocheila minima
Jedl [handwritten]; det. Ing. Jedlicka; Rcmbus minima Jedl
[handwritten]. Deutsch. Ent. Inst.

Total length 11.3 mm, width 4.8 mm. Color generally black,
but tips of terminal articles of palpi piceous. Integument gen-
erally opaque, the following shining : head, median areas of
thoracic sterna, and abdominal sterna. Microsculpture as de-
scribed for the striatopunctata group (Ball, 1959: 58), except
that meshes of propleura are about isodiametric, and lines on
dorsal surface are coarser than in other species of the genus.

Head. Two supraorbital setigerous punctures over each eye ;
frontal impressions broad, shallow basins, posterior margins not
extending to plane of anterior pair of supraorbital setigerous
punctures. Clypeus as in subgenus Isorembits Jeannel ; cly-
peus 0.24 times wider than long, 2.17 times wider than labrum,
with a deep longitudinally directed groove on each side. Lab-
rum 1.44 times wider than long; maximum length 1.76 times
greater than minimum length, form typical of subgenus Iso-
r embus.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\\ S

21

FIGS. 1-3. Diplochcila minima, ?. FIGS. 4-6. <$ genitalia.

1. Outline of pronotum, dorsal aspect. Length, 2.50 mm.

2. Left half of sternum 8, dorsal aspect. Length, 1.70 mm.

3. Left stylus of ovipositor, ventral aspect. Length 0.40 mm.

4. Median lobe. Length, 2.44 mm. A. Left lateral aspect. B. Apical
portion, ventral aspect.

5. Left paramere, dorsal aspect. Length, 1.14 mm.

6. Right paramere, dorsal aspect. Length, 1.12 mm.

22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1966

Mandibles trigonal, asymmetrical, left one without teeth,
terebral tooth of right one molariform, generally as described
for striatopunctata group.

Thorax. Pronotum in outline as in Fig. 1 ; disc feebly con-
vex, flattened posterior-laterally, posterior-lateral impressions
very broad and shallow basins. Apex of prosternum between
front coxae margined. Metepimeron with posterior margin
broadly rounded, not sinuate.

Legs. Tarsus witli articles 1 — \ with a single row of setae
on each ventro-lateral margin ; article 5 without setae on
ventro-lateral margins.

Elytra. Internal plica absent. Stria 1 joined to sutural
stria, basal portion of stria 1 absent; striae impunctate, 7 as
deep and distinct as 1-6, 2-7 obsolescent toward apex; stria
7 broken posteriorly, anterior portion separated from deepened
apical portion ; striae 8 and 9 close together. Intervals flat,
interval 3 with a single setigerous puncture on disc.

Hind wings fully developed.

Abdomen. Sternum 6 with four setigerous punctures near
apical margin ; sternum 8 as in Fig. 2.

Ovipositor. Stylus as in Fig. 3, witli spines.

Male. Labelled as follows : Tatsieniu, Prov. Setschuan China
merid ; verglichen mit der Type and mit ilir identisch [green
paper ; handwritten]; Diplocheila minima Jedlicka | handwrit-
ten] ; British Museum Natural History.

Total length 11.1 mm, width 4.8 mm. Except for inconse-
quential details, external characteristics as in female. Sternum
6 with two setae toward apex.

Male genitalia with median lobe and parameres as in Figs.
4, 5, and 6; internal sac without armature.

CLASSIFICATION AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY

This species is a member of the subgenus I sore in bits Jeannel,
as shown by the form of its mandibles, labrum, clypeus, the
female eighth sternum, and stylus of the ovipositor. The spe-
cies of the subgenus Isoreinbits are arrayed in three species

Ixxviij

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

23

groups. The diagnostic characteristics of these groups and
the comparable characteristics of minima are presented in
Table 1.

Note that minima differs from the striatopunctata group in
only one characteristic : it has setose styli. Minima differs from
the aegyptiaca group in three characters, and from the seelandica
group in four characteristics. On the basis of these considera-
tions, I include minima in the striatopunctata group.

Now, minima is interesting for two reasons. First, its com-
bination of morphological characteristics links more closely the

DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES GROUPS
OF SUBGENUS ISOREMBUS

^.AEGYPTIACA group
ZEELANDICA group
STRIATOPUNCTATA group

FIG. 7. Map showing the distribution pattern of the subgenus

North Polar projection.

24

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Jan., 1966

TABLE 1. Distribution of Diagnostic Characteristics in the
Subgenus Isorembus

Groups

Characters

Left
mand.

Head:

setig.
punct.

Pro-
sternum

5th
tarsal
segment

Flytral
punct.

Elytral
base
stria 1

Female
stylus

Total

Zeelandica
score

inner
edge not
thickened
P1

2

P

not

margined

P

setose
P

absent
P

present
P

setose
P

7-p

Aegyptiaca
score

inner
edge
thickened
d"

1

d

margined
d

setose
P

present
d

absent
d

setose
P

2-1'
3-p
2-p

(Minima)
score

inner
edge not
thickened
P

2
P

margined
d

glabrous
d

present
d

absent
d

setose
P

Striatopunctata
score

inner
edge not
thickened
P

2
P

margined
d

glabrous
d

present
d

absent
d

setae
absent

d

1 P = primitive.

2 d = derivative.

species of the aegyptiaca group with those of the North Ameri-
can species of the striatopunctata group. The species minima,
while most like the North American members of the striato-
punctata group (six characters in common), is also more like
the members of the aegyptiaca group than are the North Ameri-
can species of the striatopunctata group (Table 1). Further,
the aegyptiaca group and North American members of the
striatopunctata group can be linked to the more primitive zee-
landica group through minima. This is because minima has
one more character judged to be primitive than have the other
groups of species. (The basis for judging these characteristics
is presented in Ball, 1959.)

The second point of interest concerns the possibility of veri-
fying predictions made on the basis of taxonomic data. Before
I saw Diplochcila minima, I stated that the striatopunctata
group was probably of Old World ancestry (Ball, 1959: 96),
based on the morphological and distributional characteristics of
the species of the subgenus Isorembus. This hypothesis con-

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25

stituted a prediction in the sense that it could be tested by data
discovered following proposal of the hypothesis. The presence
of minima in the Old World, its relative primitiveness, and its
clear affinities to the New World species of the subgenus lend
support to the prediction, if they do not actually verify it. See
Figure 7 for a map illustrating the distribution pattern of the
subgenus Isorembus.

SUMMARY

1. The species Diplochcila minima Jedlickn, 1931 is re-
described.

2. On the basis of its morphological characteristics, minima
is placed in the striatopunctata group of the subgenus Isorembus.

3. This species is important because first, its combination of
characteristics links together more closely the known species
groups of the subgenus Isorembus, and second, its presence in
the Old World tends to confirm the previously made statement
that the striatopunctata group is of Old World ancestry.

REFERENCES

BALL, G. E. 1959. A taxonomic study of the North American Licinini
with notes on the Old World species of the genus Diplochcila Brulle
(Coleoptera). Mem. Anier. Ent. Soc. No. 16. 258 pp. 15 plates,
75 tables.

JEDLICKA, A. 1931. Neue Carabiden aus Siid-China. Acta Soc. ent.
Cech. 28: 102-108.

Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera:
Chalcididae) Established in North America

DAVID E. LEONARD, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment

Station, New Haven

Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) is a parasite of Porthetria
dispar and other lepidopteran pupae in southern Europe and
northern Africa. Burgess and Grossman (1929) describe the
introduction of this parasite into this country as early as 1908,
and Dowden (1935) discusses its biology.

26

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Jan., 1966

Dowden (1935) noted that although 20,000 specimens of
B. intermedia had been released in New England, none had been
recovered, possibly because the climate of New England was
colder than that in the Mediterranean area of Europe.

Burks (1960a) published the first record of recovery of this
parasite. One adult was obtained from a pupa of Cocoecia col-
lected in Marion, Massachusetts, in 1942. Burks (1960b) con-
sidered this one record insufficient to demonstrate that this
insect was established in North America.

During the summer of 1965, many B. intermedia 1 have been
collected in Connecticut from gypsy moth pupae. The num-
bers of this parasite and its distribution indicate that it has
become established in parts of this state. It is present in Ox-
ford, Woodbury, Guilford, and Killingworth, where infestation
of the gypsy moth has been high for several years, as well as in
East Lyme, where a heavy infestation occurred for the first
time in 1965.

Indications of the percentage of parasitism can be found in
Table 1. Pupae were collected from three Connecticut towns.

TABLE 1. The percentage of parasitism of Brachymeria intermedia (Nees)
in field collections of gypsy moth pupae from three Connecticut towns

Percentage

Town

Date of
Collection

Number of
Pupae

Ichneumonid-
Type
Emergence

Percentage
F>. Intermedia
Recovered

Holes

East Lyme

July 19-20

1073

29.2

4.8

Guilford

July 20-21

435

4.4

0*

Woodbury

July 23

149

10.7

1.3

* One adult collected in the field.

On the trees selected, all pupal cases on the trunk from 0-6
feet from the ground were collected. The dates of collection
were after adult emergence, and supposedly after parasites had
emerged from the pupae. However, B. intermedia were found
to be emerging from some, and emergence continued in the
laboratory until the week of August 1. Undoubtedly, some of

1 Identification confirmed by Dr. B. D. Burks. Entomology Research
Divison A. R. S. U.S.D.A. Washington, D. C.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27

the intermedia had emerged in the field prior to the collection
of pupae. The emergence holes of this parasite fit the ichneu-
monid emergence holes in the key of Campbell (1963). The
percentage of parasitism cannot exceed the percentage of
ichnenmonid type emergence holes in the pnpae.

Of considerable interest is the fact that this insect reached
very high numbers in a short period of time. It does not appear
likely that in the past this insect could have been at as high a
population level as witnessed in 1965 and not have been noted.
Moulton (pers. comm., 1965) reports that Brachymeria were
rare in a collection of about 1,272,000 pupae from Connecticut
in 1964. However, numbers of these parasites emerged from
about 500,000 gypsy moth pupae in 1965.

In addition to the releases listed by Dowden (1963), the
Plant Pest Control Division, U.S.D.A., released B. intermedia
from Spain in Stratford and Redding, Connecticut, in 1963.

It would be difficult to explain the numbers and spread of
inter media as a direct result of these releases. It is more likely
that intermedia had been maintaining itself at low population
levels, as indicated by the four specimens collected in Oxford,
Connecticut, in 1960 and the one reported by Burks from Massa-
chusetts. B. intermedia appears now to be adapted to this
environment.

This parasite has more than one generation per year. Al-
though known primarily as a parasite of gypsy moth pupae, it
also parasitizes other lepidopteran pupae (see Dowden 1935)
and its high incidence may be correlated with an increase in
numbers of other lepidopterans, perhaps of the leaf rollers that
have recently been increasing in Connecticut.

LITERATURE CITED

BURGESS, A. F. and S. S. CROSSMAX. 1929. U. S. D. A. Tech. Bull.

86 : 147 pp.
BURKS, B. D. 1960a. EXT. NEWS 71 : 62.

— . 1960b. Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc. 86 : 225-274.
CAMPBELL, R. W. 1963. Canad. Ent. 95 : 337-345.
DOWDEN, P. B. 1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50 : 495-523.

-. 1962. Agric. Handbook 226: 70 pp.

MOULTON, A. R. 1965. Pers. Comm. U.S.D.A. A.R.S., Plant Quar-
antine Division, Naugatuck, Conn.

NOTICE. The December, 1965, issue of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS was
mailed at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., on December 10, 1965.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

FEBRUARY HIGtt

Vol. LXXVII No. 2

GONTEiNTS

Dakin — Two new species of Melanoplus from Alabama (Orth.) 29

Xebeker and Gaufin — New stoneflies from Idaho (Plecop.) ... 36

Alexander — The status of Pczotctti.r bohcniani Stal (Orth.) . . 43

Weisman — Distribution of the genus Sphecomyia Latr. (Dipt.) 50

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII FEBRUARY, 1966 No. 2

Two New Species of Melanoplus from Alabama
(Orthoptera : Acrididae)

MATT E. DARIN/ Department of Zoology-Entomology,
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

During the course of a survey of the Orthoptera of Alabama
in 1959 I encountered two new species of the genus Melanoplus
but did not describe them because of insufficient material. Since
that time I have collected both species in sufficient numbers to
warrant publication.

Melanoplus cantralli new species

In 1916 Rehn and Hebard established the dccorns group of
the genus Melanoplus. In this group they placed five species—
decorus Scudder (1897), austral is Morse (1904), attenuates
Scudder (1897), hebardi (Rehn) (1906), and nubilis Rehn
and Hebard (1916). Now, Melanoplus cantralli may be added
to this assemblage.

Although in many respects the most distinctive member of
the decorns group, cantralli is most closely related to hebardi
(Rehn). It may be differentiated from that species, and all
other members of the group, by its larger size, more robust form,
and very distinctive male terminalia. The antennal crescent in
both sexes of cantralli is nearly as wide as the basal segment of
the antenna ; this crescent in the other five forms of the decorus
group is less than one-half the width of the basal segment.

1 Present address : Box 1435, University of Southwestern Louisiana,
Lafayette, Louisiana.

(29)

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

Females of cantralli can likewise be differentiated from their
nearest relatives by their larger size, more robust form, and
furthermore by the presence of a light, diagonal, irregular stripe
lying obliquely across the black postocular band on the pro-
notum. Other differences in minor features of the female sub-
genital plates and cercus are evident.

Holotype — Male. General appearance and coloration very
similar to M. hcbardi. Antennal crescent broad and complete,
at point of greatest width (0.41 mm) slightly less than width
of first antennal segment (0.56 mm). Disk of pronotum with
lateral carinae indistinct, outlined in color on prozona, sub-
parallel, diverging slightly caudad ; median carina well-developed
throughout, cut only by principal sulcus ; pencilled with black ;
caudal margin subtruncate ; cephalic margin feebly rounded with
slightest trace of median emargination ; prozona (3.31 mm) less
than twice as long as metazona (1.83 mm) ; lateral lobes dis-
tinctly longer than high; postocular black stripe terminating at
cephalic margin of metazona, bearing two small yellowish-brown
blotches separated by the coloration of the median sulcus. Teg-
mina dark yellow-brown, obovate (length 4.27 mm, width 2.50
mm), tips truncate, dorsal margins well separated. Cephalic
and median femora yellow-brown. Caudal femora yellow-brown,
knees blackened on outer and inner faces except for yellow-
brown genicular lobes. Caudal tibiae pale glaucous, weakly in-
fused with black dorso-distally. Spines of all tibiae black ;
calcars and spurs yellow-brown, tipped with black. Mesepi-
meron and metepimeron black ; metepisternum peripherally
black with disk yellow-brown. Abdomen yellow-brown ; each
tergite with a black suffusion laterally that becomes progres-
sively smaller from the second to the ninth tergum. Cercus
(Fig. a) tapering slightly from base to middle, then expanding
to the rounded obovate apex, ventral margin broadly concave ;
entire cercus black except for a yellow-brown tinge on basal
one-fourth and a light yellow-brown line around the dorsal and
caudal rim of the apex. Furculae one-fourth length of supra-
anal plate, strongly tapering in basal third, distal portions form-
ing narrow, aciculate, parallel projections. Supra-anal plate

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31

triangularly shield-shaped, longer than broad ; lateral margins
briefly concave then convex to the broadly rounded right-angled
apex, in basal one-half raised into a distinct ridge (not plicate at
distal end as in other members of the decorns group) ; in basal
third of plate, and between furculae, a narrow sulcus lying be-
tween well-defined ridges which fuse, obliterate the sulcus, and
form a single broad longitudinal ridge lying in the center of
the plate ; distal one-third of plate feebly hollowed out, lateral
to this area a swollen raised bump extending evenly on each side
to the margins of the plate (not forming the short, blunt, evenly
convergent ridges as found in other species of this group).
Subgenital plate broad at base, strongly narrowing to a feebly
tuberculate apex. Aedeagus (Figs, b & c) with apex of each
dorsal valve expanded into a broadly rounded lamella which is
bent caudally and caudo-ventrally until, from a lateral view, it
appears as a broad "C"-shaped structure ; ventral valves a pair
of rectangular plates extending from the broad base, the meso-
apical angle of each plate elongated into a rounded lamella sit-
uated at right angles to the apical margin of the valve. Length
of body from vertex to tip of abdomen 24.52 mm, from vertex
to tip of caudal femora 25.95 mm: length of pronotum 5.14
mm; length of caudal femora 13.08 mm; greatest width of
caudal femora 3.28 mm.

Allotypc — Female. Similar in build and coloration to holo-
t\pe except cephalic margin of pronotum feebly rounded, caudal
margin of pronotum rounded-truncate with broad emargination,
dark post-ocular stripe strongly interrupted by a diagonal
yellow-brown line beginning below the stripe at the cephalic
margin of the pronotum and extending to the junction of the
principal sulcus and the lateral margins of the pronotum, lateral
margins more divergent ; caudal tibiae deep glaucous. An-
tennal crescent complete ; greatest width 0.46 mm. Width of
first antennal segment 0.68 mm. Length of tegmina 5.30 mm.
greatest width of tegmina 2.89 mm. Cercus triangular with
margins very slightly but distinctly concave, 0.75 mm in length,
one-third longer than wide. Ovipositor with valves only mod-
erately curved; dorsal angle of upper valve 153 degrees; upper

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

margin of dorsal valve with blunt irregular teeth. Lateral angle
of eighth sternite 146 degrees. Notch of eighth sternite shal-
low. Length of body from vertex to tip of ovipositor valves
28.85 mm ; from vertex to tip of caudal femora 29.16 mm ; length
of prozona 3.96 mm ; length of metazona 2.09 mm ; length of
pronotum 6.05 mm; length of caudal femora 15.21 mm; greatest
width of caudal femora 3.66 mm.

Variation: The most evident variation among the males is in
the extent of the dark markings on the cercus. A few of the
specimens show no black on the cercus ; in most of the speci-
mens, the extent of darkening is slightly less than that of the
holotype. In the females, the extent of development of the light
diagonal mark dividing the postocular dark stripe is the most
evident variation. In most of the specimens the stripe is more
distinct than in the allotype, but in one is only faintly indi-
cated. The coloration of the caudal tibiae in both sexes also
shows some variation. The tibiae range from a yellow-green
darker than in the holotype to distinctly fuscous in the males,
but in none are the tibiae deeply glaucous as in the allotype.
The caudal tibiae are glaucous in most of the females, but in
two specimens they are dark yellow-brown. The coloration in
one female is very similar to that of the holotype. Males vary
in body length from 21.2 to 26.5 ; females, from 22.5 to 28.3 mm.

Specimens examined: 27 males, 13 females, all collected
by me.

Holotype: Escambia County, ALABAMA, 5 miles east of East
Brewton on U. S. 29, August 25, 1962. Deposited in the
Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.

Allotype: Same data and depository as holotype.

Paratypes: 6 males, 2 females, same data as holotypes ; 5
males, 1 female, same data as holotype except October 5, 1962 ;
1 male, Escambia County, 9.5 miles east of East Brewton, Oc-
tober 5, 1962 ; 3 males, 2 females, Escambia County, 8.4 miles
southwest of Brewton, October 5, 1962 ; 8 males, 5 females,
Escambia County, 1.2 miles north of Brewton, August 26,
1963 ; 2 males, 1 female, Baldwin County, 5 miles east of the
Mobile Causeway, September 24, 1959; 1 male, Baldwin County,
Gulf Coast Substation (near Fairhope), July 11, 1961. One

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33

pair of paratypes deposited at each of the following : University
of Michigan, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
U. S. National Museum, and my personal collection; all others
in the Auburn University Insect Museum.

Ecology: All specimens were taken from the litter and short
vegetation of pine woods. At the type locality they were col-
lected from open areas in a slash pine woods. They appeared
to occur in small local colonies of several individuals and were
taken by carefully trampling the dry pine needle litter. The
specimens taken in other locations were from similar habitats.

This species is named in honor of I. J. Cantrall, University of
Michigan, Museum of Zoology, whose advice and encourage-
ment aided me during my survey of Alabama Orthoptera.

Melanoplus primaestivus new species

This species is a member of the tribulus group of the genus
Mclanopliis as recognized by Hebard (1935). In the size and
shape of the furculae and cerci, it is more closely related to M .
dclau'circ than to any of the other eight species presently as-
signed to the group. Primaestivus can be recognized readily
by its distinctive aedeagus.

Holotypc — Male. General coloration light yellow-brown ;
dorsal surface of head, pronotum, legs, and abdomen heavily
sprinkled with numerous dark brown spots. Postocular stripe
percurrent on the pronotum, terminating on the mesepimeron.
Basal one-half of second abdominal segment suffused with black.
. \ntennal crescent complete, about one-half (greatest width 0.22
mm) width of basal antennal segment (0.40 mm). Disk of
pronotum with lateral margins moderately diverging poste-
riorly ; median carina distinct throughout, slightly higher on
metazona (1.39 mm) ; lateral carinae indistinct. Tegmina oval,
tips rounded ; dorsal margins not attingent. Caudal tibiae
yellow-brown with a slight bluish tinge. Cercus (Fig. d)
much broader at base than at apex ; feebly narrowed at middle ;
tip subtruncate with lower angle moderately prolonged ; entire
cercus curving slightly mesacl. Furculae as minute rounded
lobes ; well separated. Supra-anal plate trigonal, slightly longer

34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

than wide; basal one-fourth of lateral margin forming a blunt
ridge feebly plicate at its caudal terminus ; lateral margins weakly
convex throughout, terminating in a sharply rounded right-
angled apex. Aedeagus (Fig. e) with dorsal valves wrapped
around ventral valves, the apical portion of the dorsal valves
flaring strongly away from the ventral valves. Ventral valves
like a pair of long, thin, attingent laminae, apices rounded and
slightly divergent. Length of body : vertex to end of abdomen
18.42 mm; vertex to end of caudal femur 19.20 mm; length of
pronotum 4.07 mm ; length of caudal femur 9.88 mm ; greatest
width of caudal femur 2.62 mm ; length of furcula 0.24 mm ;
length of supra-anal plate 1.67 mm; length of tegmen 3.59 mm;
greatest width of tegmen 1.98 mm.

Allot\pe — Female. Coloration similar to that of holotype
except for a slight reddish tinge throughout. Antennal crescent
divided, much narrower (0.16 mm) than width of basal antennal
segment (0.42 mm). Prozona (3.22 mm) slightly less than
twice as long as metazona (1.90 mm). Cercus narrow, tri-
angular, straight sided, tip acute, 0.77 mm in length. Upper
valve of ovipositor with dorsal angle 136 degrees, armed with
sharp evenly spaced teeth. Lateral angle of eighth sternite 150
degrees ; eighth sternite without notching. Length of body
from vertex to tip of ovipositor 24.25 mm ; from vertex to end
of caudal femur 21.94 mm; length of caudal femur 11.59 mm;
greatest width of caudal femur 2.98 mm ; length of pronotum
5.12 mm; greatest length of tegmen 4.44 mm; greatest width
of tegmen 2.86 mm.

Variation: Very little variation occurs in the series except for
the color of the caudal tibiae and the tips of the cerci of the
males. Coloration of the caudal tibia varies from yellow-brown
to glaucous in both sexes. The lower angle of the tip of the
cercus in some specimens is not at all or only slightly pro-
longed, while in others it is more prolonged than in the holo-
type. Males in the series vary in body length from 16 to 19
mm ; females range from 22 to 25 mm.

Specimens examined: 34 males, 22 females, all collected
by me.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

35

Holotype: Lawrence County, ALABAMA, 2 miles south of
Wren, June 28, 1963. Deposited in the Museum of Zoology,
University of Michigan.

Allotypc: Same data and depository as holotype.

liis cantralli n. sp., holotype. a. Lateral view of left cercus.
b. Caudal view of aedeagus. c. Lateral view of aedeagus.

Melanoplus primaestivus n. sp., holotype. d. Lateral view of left cercus.
e. Caudal view of aedeagus.

Paratypcs: 18 males. 14 females, same data as holotype; 1
male, 1 female, same as holotype except July 24, 1959 ; 2 males,
Winston County, Alabama, Natural Bridge Recreation Area,
Ala. 33, 1 mile north of U. S. 278, August 17, 1962; 12 males,
6 females, same as preceding except June 26-27, 1963. One
pair of paratypes deposited at each of the following: University
of Michigan, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
U. S. National Museum, and my personal collection ; all others
in the Auburn University Insect Museum.

Ecology: All specimens were taken from leaf litter in oak-
hickory woods. At the ivpe locality the species was more
abundant than at the Natural Bridge Recreation Area, where

36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

specimens of Mclanoplns tepldus Morse and M. similis Morse
were taken at the same time. M. primaestivus is an early
maturing form, reaching its peak abundance in late June or
early July. The name primaestivus is from Latin (prinia and
acstivus) meaning first of the summer, indicating that it is an
early maturing form.

LITERATURE CITED

HEBARD, M. 1935. New genera and species of the Melanopli found
within the United States and Canada (Orthoptera, Acrididae).
Parts V and VI. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 60: 337-390.

REHN, J. A. G. and MORGAN HEBARD. 1916. Studies in the Dermaptera
and Orthoptera of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Region of the
Southeastern United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 68:
87-314.

New Stoneflies from Idaho (Plecoptera) *
ALAN V. NEBEKER and ARDEN R. GAUFIN -

Several stoneflies new to Idaho are described and recorded
here along with a list of stoneflies now known to occur in the
state. Most of the data has been accumulated by the authors,
but valuable material borrowed from Dr. W. F. Barr, Mr. S. D.
(Skip) Smith, and Mr. Dick Logan, University of Idaho,
Moscow, is gratefully acknowledged. Assistance from Mr.
Stanley G. Jewett, Jr., is also gratefully acknowledged.

Capnia nedia new species

Male : Wings brachypterous, length of body 6 mm. First nine
abdominal tergites without special modifications. No lobe on

1 This work was supported by N.I.H. and N.S.F. grants no. WP 54 &
G-20703.

- University of Utah (also U. of Montana Biological Station).

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37

ninth sternite. Supra-anal process reflexed, extending forward
to eighth tergite, narrow in dorsal view, somewhat triangular
in side view (Figs. 1, 2, 3).

Holotype male: IDAHO, Boise Co., Boise, Sand Cr. IV-8-61,
Max Ollieu.

Only a single male is known. It was dissected from a mature
nymph which had just begun to exuviate. The male supra-anal
process is distinct, showing no resemblance to other Idaho
Capnia.

Capnia cygna Jewett

Two mature Capnia nymphs were dissected and identified as a
male and female of C. cygna Jewett. The female is herein de-
scribed. The males were described by Jewett (1954) from
two males from Washington (probably Rock Cr. — no specific
locality). This is the first record of this rare species from
Idaho.

Female : Wings fully formed, eighth sternite unmodified ex-
cept for a minute median notch on posterior edge. Two
inconspicuous patches of hairs on eighth sternite (Fig. 8).

Figs. 6 and 7 show the male supra-anal process as it was when
dissected from the nymphal skin. Fig. 5 illustrates the normal
position (Jewett, 1954) in the naturally emerged adult. The
process is directed back in the nymph with the nymphal cuticle
forming a sheath around it (10th tergite). After exuviation
the process is inverted and assumes the position in Fig. 5.
This position is different from that in Plecoptera such as
Alloperla in which the supra-anal process is preformed directed
anteriorly. A very large tubercle is found on the hind margin of
the 7th tergite of the specimens illustrated by Jewett. No such
tubercle is found on the specimen illustrated here but a patch of
spines is found in the same position. It may be assumed that
after exuviation the tubercle is 'blown up' possibly as in wing
expansion. A tubercle as large as that illustrated by Jewett
would make exuviation rather difficult if it were preformed as
such within the nymphal skin.

38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb.,; 1966

Capnia distincta Prison

This species is now known to occur in Idaho and is probably
widespread in many parts of the state. Collections were made
by the authors during the winter and spring of 1965.

It has been found at the following localities : Salmon R., Hwy.
93, 3 mi. W. of Clayton, Custer Co., IH-7-65, A. V. Nebeker.
8 males, 5 females; Lake Fork Cr. Hwy. 15, 10 mi. So. of
McCall, Valley Co., 111-24-65, A. V. Nebeker, 1 female ; Salmon
R., South Challis, 111-14-65, A. R. Gaufin, 1 female; N. Fk.
Teton R., Hwy. 32, Fremont-Teton Co., III-6-65. A. V.
Nebeker, 5 males, 3 females.

Capnia coloradensis Claassen

This common Rocky Mt. species is now reported from several
localities in Idaho. Most specimens were collected during the
intensive investigations in 1965.

It has been collected from the following localities: Salmon R..
So. Challis, 111-14-65, A. R. Gaufin, 1 female; Pine Cr.. 6.5 mi.
N. Priest River, Bonner Co., 111-26-65, S. D. Smith, 4 females,
3 males; Kalispell Cr., 35 mi. N. Priest River, Bonner Co.,
111-20-65, S. D. Smith, 4 males, 8 females; Granite Cr. and
Priest Lake, Bonner Co., 111-12-65, S. D. Smith, W. F. Barr,
L. Hawkins, 1 female, 1 male; Santa Cr., 3 mi. N. of Emida,
Hwy. 95A, Benewah Co., 111-25-65, A. V. Nebeker, 5. males.
7 females; Basin Cr., at jet. with Salmon R., 10 mi. VV. of
Stanley, Custer Co., III-7-65, A. V. Nebeker, 1 male ; N. FK.
of Teton R., Hwy. 32, Fremont-Teton Co., III-6-65, A. V.
Nebeker, 4 males, 5 females ; Salmon R., Hwy. 93, 3 mi. W. of
Clayton, Custer Co., III-7-65, A. V. Nebeker, 2 males, 1 female.

Capnia trava Nebeker & Gaufin

Two additional species of Capnia belonging to the Capnia
colnmbiana group have also been found in the state. One of
those is Capnia trava which has been found only in the northern
part of the state.

The following are collection records for this species : Granite
Creek and Priest Lake, 111-12-65, W. F. Barr, L. Hawkins, 11

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39

males, 5 females ; Pine Creek 6.5 miles N. Priest River,
111-12-65, W. F. Barr, S. D. Smith, L. Hawkins, 21 males, 5
females ; Deep Creek 7 miles north of Naples, Hwy. 95, Boun-
dary Co., 111-26-65, A. V. Nebeker, 1 male, 1 female; Moyie
River 1 mile south of Canada, Hwy. 95, Boundary Co., 1 1 1-26-
65, A. V. Nebeker, 2 males, 4 females.

Capnia lemoniana Nebeker & Gaufin

This species belongs to the Capnia coluinbiana complex and is
not common in Idaho, being primarily a more southerly
form. It has been found at the following localities : Lenore,
Xcz Perce Co., 3-IV-55, W. F. Barr (UI), 2 males, one female;
\Yorni creek, Franklin Co., 23-IY-55, Jewett, Gaufin, Wilson,
1 female.

Peltoperla brevis Banks

Nymphs of Peltoperla have been collected in most of the cold
rapid streams throughout all of central and northern Idaho
and have been identified as P. brevis. It has not been found in
the Teton Drainage of S.E. Idaho but has been found commonly
in N.W. Montana.

Nemoura haysi Ricker

This species is now reported in Idaho from the following
locality : Cub River, Deer Cliff Inn, Franklin Co., A. R. Gaufin,
IY-23-55, 5 females, 3 males.

Nemoura californica Claassen

This species is common and widespread throughout the Rocky
Mt. states. Lack of records from Idaho surelv indicates a lack

j

of collecting rather than the scarcity of the insect within the
state. It has now been found at the following localities : Reeder
Cr., Priest Lake, Bonner Co., W. F. Barr, VII-23-62; Moon
Cr., 3 mi. E. of Kellogg, Shoshone Co., S. D. Smith, IX-16-64;
Garden Cr. 2 mi. \V. of Challis, Custer Co., S. D. Smith, NI-
11-65.

40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

Arcynopteryx aurea Smith

One adult male was collected by Skip Smith from Laird Park,
Latah Co., V-ll-62. This is the only known collection from
Idaho. This is a unique species known only from areas along
the Pacific Coast (Fig. 9).

Isoperla fusca Needham and Claassen

One collection record for this species can be noted as follows :
Lolo Pass Summit, S. D. Smith, VII-28-64.

Isoperla mormona Banks

This abundant species is probably in collections but is re-
corded here from the following locality : Little Cr. Rock Cr.
Canyon, Twin Falls Co., T. R. Gittins, VII-16-60.

Isoperla pinta Prison

This species has recently been found to be locally common
in the Rocky Mts. (Gaufin, 1964), and is here recorded for
Idaho: Teton R., 4 mi. W. of Tetonia, Teton Co., W. F. Barr,
VI-23-64.

Kathroperla perdita Banks

One collection record for this interesting species is as follows :
S. Fk. of Coeur d'Alene R., 3 mi. E. of Mullen, Shoshone Co.,
A. V. Nebeker, W. C. Petty, 1 nymph. In conjunction with
this, Paraperla cast skins have been found very commonly in
many parts of the state and it appears to be one of the most
common stoneflies.

Acroneuria californica Banks

This species has now been found abundantly inland from the
Pacific coast as far as the continental divide and is taken rarely
in the Green River drainage as far south as N. Utah.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

41

FIGS. 1-3. Male terminalia of Caf>nia ncdia: 1, dorsal view; 2,
lateral view ; 3, ventral view.

FIGS. 4-7. Male terminalia of Capnia cygna: 4, ventral view; 5,
lateral view (inverted) ; 6, dorsal view (not inverted) ; 7, lateral view
(not inverted).

FIG. 8. Ventral view of Capnia cygna female subgenital plate.

FIG. 9. Lateral view of male terminalia of Arcynopteryx atirea.

FIGS. 10-11. Alale terminalia of Capnia distincta: 10, dorsal view;
11, lateral view.

FIG. 12. Ventral view of Capnia distincta female subgenital plate.

42

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Feb., 1966

The following are the species known to occur in Idaho :

Pdtoperla brevis Banks

Newoitra cataractae Neave

N. calif arnica Claassen

N. flexura Claassen

N. tina Ricker

N. dcccpta Frison

N. d die at ula Claassen

.V. besametsa Ricker

Ar. haysi Ricker

N. cinctipes Banks

N . coluinbiana Claassen

N. frigida Claassen

N. oregonensis Claassen

Lcittra aiigiista Banks

L. jorcipata Frison

L. occidentalis Banks

L. sara Claassen

Megaleuctra kincaidi Frison

Capnia cygna Jewett

C. coloradensis Claassen

C. conjnsa Claassen

C. distincta Frison

C. gracilaria Claassen

C. lincata Hanson

C. venosa Banks

C. nedia Nebeker & Gaufin

C. ziikeli Hanson

C. trai'a Nebeker & Gaufin

C. lenioniana Nebeker & Gaufin

Encapnopsis brevicauda Claas-
sen

Brachyptera occidentalis Banks

B. nigripcnnis Banks

B. pacifica Banks

Ptcronarcclla badia Hagen

Pteronarcys calijornica New-
port

Arcynopteryx signata Hagen

A. subtruncata Hanson

A. aurea Smith

A. bradlevi Smith

A. curi'ata Hanson

A. parallda Frison

Isogenus tostonus Ricker

7. frontalis cohtbrinns Hagen

/. clongatus Hagen

/. inodcstus Banks

/. expans-iis Banks

Isoperla fitlva Claassen

/. fnsca Needham & Claassen

/. longiseta Banks

/. nwrmona Banks

/. patricia Frison

/. petersoni Needham & Christ-
tenson

/. pint a Frison

Diitra knowltoni Frison

Kathroperla pcrdita Banks

Parapcrla jrontalis Banks

rtapcrla sopladora Ricker

Allopcrla autiimna Hoppe

A. nicdveda Ricker

A. serrata Needham & Claas-
sen

A . sever a Hagen

+-1. lineosa Banks

A. pallid ula Banks

A. albert ensis Needham &
Claassen

A. bor calis Banks

A. coloradensis Banks

A. fidclis Banks

A. jratcrna Frison

A. laniba Needham & Claassen

A. divcrsa Frison

A. signata Banks

Acronenria calijornica Banks

A. theodora Needham & Claas-
sen

A. pacifica Banks

Claassenia sabnlosa Banks

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 4:3

LITERATURE CITED

GAUFIN, A. R. 1964. Systematic list of Plecoptera of Intermountain

Region. Utah Acad. Proc. Vol. 41 : 221-227.
JEWETT, S. G., JR. 1954. New stoneflies (Plecoptera) from western

North America. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 11 : 543-549.
— . 1959. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest.

Oregon State Monogr. No. 3, O.S.U. Press.
XEBEKER, A. V. and A. R. GAUFIX. The Capnia coluinbiana complex of

North America (Plecoptera, Capniidae). Ann. Amer. Ent. Soc.

91 : 467-489.
RICKER, W. E. 1964. Distribution of Canadian stoneflies. Gewasser

und Abgewasser, Heft 34/35. 50-71/Verh. 3 Int. Symp. Plecop-

teren ( 1964) Bagel, Dtisseldorf.
— . 1965. New records and descriptions of Plecoptera (Class Insecta).

J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 22(2), 1965.

The Status of Pezotettix bohemani Stal (Orthop-

tera: Acrididae), with Designation of a Lecto-

type and Restriction of the Type Locality

GORDON ALEXANDER, Department of Biology,
University of Colorado

In his paper on the Orthoptera of Colorado. Hehard (1929)
suggested that a southern form of the Mclanoplus dodgci com-
plex he recognized as a distinct suhspecies of M. dodgei. He
used Stal's name bohemani (Pezotettix bohemani — though he
erroneously referred to it as P[odisma] bohemani), stating that
"Comparison of large series hefore us from the mountains of
southern Colorado and northern New Mexico with the descrip-
tion of bohemani and paratypes of altitiidinnm convinces us that
bohemani is a southern race of dodgei, with altitndinum a syno-
nym. Scudder had placed bohemani as a synonym of dodgei."
(The reference to altitudinum is to Pezotettix altititdimtm Scud-
der (1879), which was described from northern New Mexico
and southern Colorado.) Later, Hehard (1935) stated that

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

lie had decided, on the basis of examination of concealed
genitalia, that M. bohcmani was a species distinct from M.
dodgci.

When I examined Stal's description (1878) I found nothing
to indicate that his specimens came from southern Colorado,
nor, in fact, that they corresponded with specimens of the dodgci
group from southern Colorado. The complete description fol-
lows : "P. Bohcmani Stal. — P. jrigido simillimus et maxime af-
finis, differt autem magnitudine minore, genis minus tumescenti-
bus, elytris alisque nonnihil brevioribus, cercis marium angus-
tioribus, segmenti ventrali ultimo marium apice macula parva
rotundata nigra notato. <$$ Long. 14-21 mill. Patria : Colo-
rado. (Mus. Holm.)"

Specimens of M. dodgci do indeed have somewhat shorter
tegmina and narrower cerci than does Pczotctti.r frigido Bohe-
man, which is Bohcnianclla jrigida as used by Harz (1957) or
Melanoplus frigidus as used by Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko
(1963 and earlier) — the only species of Melanoplus in the Old
World as recognized by Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko. The
black spot on the last ventral segment is an individual variation,
and it is not "apical" in Stal's specimen referred to later in this
paper. The only significant feature of Stal's description is in
the measurements, these suggesting extremely small specimens.
Specimens from the populations to which Hebard applied the
name bohcmani, even those from alpine areas, are typically
larger.

My examination of Stal's description suggested to me that
Scudder's synonymy was probably correct. Whereas Hebard
had apparently not seen any of Stal's types, Scudder had. In
his synonymy of Podisma dodgci (Thomas), Scudder wrote
(1897) : "By the kindness of Doctor Aurivillius, of Stockholm,
I have received one of the type specimens of Stal's Pezotettix
bohemani, and been able to compare it with the types of the
other nominal species mentioned in the synonymy."

Hebard's comments (1935) about differences in the genitalia
were not accompanied or followed by descriptions. In 1950,
Fehlmann reported on a comparison of the internal genitalia of

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45

males from southern Colorado populations with those from the
type locality of Mclanoplus dodgcl (Thomas), which is Pikes
Peak, concluding that the variations within each population were
as great as the differences between the Pikes Peak population
and those from further south. Our assumption is that the
differences Hehard found were individual variations.

With the use of the name bohcniani in this apparent state of
confusion, I asked Dr. Harold Grant if he would, on his recent
trip to Stockholm, look for Stal's types of Pezotcttix bohemani.
They were in the Riksmuseum, in excellent condition. Through
the courtesy of Dr. Erik Kjellander, three syntypes, one male
and two females, were sent me for examination. An examina-
tion of them proved to be critical to a solution of the problem, for
as soon as I saw them I realized that they were from an alpine
area but were not typical of "southern" Colorado populations.

Each specimen bears, in addition to the Riksmuseum label and
number, a locality label with the one word "Colorado," and a
label stating that the specimen is a syntype of Pczotettix bc-
hcmani Stal. The male, however, has an additional label below
that of the locality, bearing the one word "Morrison." This
almost certainly refers to Herbert Knowles Morrison, who
collected insects in Colorado in the 1870's and sent specimens to
specialists in Europe as well as America. We have no definite
information on Morrison's itinerary, but I am indebted to Mr.
F. Martin Brown (several letters, 1965) for information on
the year the specimens were obtained and their possible source.
He wrote that Morrison's only visit to Colorado for which he
had concrete evidence was in 1877. On the basis of 140-odd
species of butterflies collected by Morrison, Mr. Brown wrote,
"it is possible to say that he collected west from Pueblo into the
Wet Mountains around Rosita and probably south to Greenhorn
Mt. There is no evidence that he visited Pikes Peak, although
he may have. There is no evidence that he collected in alpine
areas." These last comments were in response to my statement
that the specimens appeared to have come from the alpine areas
on Pikes Peak. Mr. Brown suggested, however, that the speci-
mens may have been given Morrison by II. W. Nash, an

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

entomological collector in Pueblo who wandered all over the
mountains, had collected on Pikes Peak, and was quite generous
in giving away his specimens.

The problem of restricting a type locality is easier in this
group than with many insects. Members of the dodyci complex
are brachypterous, and there is little gene flow between popula-
tions from different sections of the mountains. Populations
from alpine areas that are isolated from each other by inter-
vening lower elevations are phenotypically distinct. Thus, a
comparison of Stal's syntypes with specimens from different
populations in Colorado has given us a clue to the population
represented by Stal's series.

Fortunately, through collections made in 1949 by Dr. H. A.
Fehlmann, I have had available for comparison large series of
specimens from the alpine areas where Morrison might have
collected and where Hebard may have thought the type series
was collected — Greenhorn Mountain and the Sangre de Cristo
Range, west of the West Mountain Valley. The syntypes of
Pezotetti.r bohcinani differ from members of these populations
in several respects. They are slightly smaller in overall size,
the hind femora are definitely smaller in proportion to general
body size, the tegmina are relatively shorter, and the hind femora
in all populations from southern Colorado (south and southwest
of Pikes Peak) are dark red in a broad ventral band while the
syntypes are greenish yellow in the same region with only a trace
of red along the ventral edge. The dark red in southern Colo-
rado populations varies between Ridgway's (1912) coral red
and jasper red ; it may be as dark as pompean red in specimens
from southwestern Colorado. Femur color is similar in the syn-
types, the Pikes Peak population, and in populations from
further north, but only the Pikes Peak population agrees in
both size and color with Stal's syntypes. These data, for males,
are summarized in Table 1. Though not here given in detail
for females, these differences are as marked in females as in
males. And in those respects in which comparison can be made,
the male used by Stal closely resembles the type of Caloptcnns
Dodgci Thomas (1871), which is in the U. S. National

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

47

TABLE 1. Extremes of Measurements of Males from Various Colorado

Populations of Melanoplus dodgei (Thomas) Compared with the

Same Measurements from the Male Lectotype of

Pezotettix bohemani Stal.

All measurements are in millimeters, made to the nearest 0.1 mm.
under 8X magnification. (Each set of measurements from a population
is based on five specimens selected from the series available, to include the
two largest and two smallest as determined by visual inspection, hence
no averages are used.) The alpine populations came from the highest
elevations of M. dodgei populations in each area; the differences in altitude
are not significant.

Total
Length

Pronotum

Hind Femur

Teg-
men
Length

Color
Lower
Part
Hind
Femur

Length

Width

Length

Width

Pezotettix bohemaui Stal,
lectotvpe
Pikes Peak,
12,500'-13.00<>'
Greenhorn Mtn.,
12,300'
Sangre de Cristo,
Horseshoe Lake,
12,400'
Sangre de Cristo,
Trinchera Peak,
12,300'
Front Range,
Goliath Peak, 12,100'
Front Range Foothills,
near Boulder, 6,700'

14.7
13.5-16 0

3.6

3 5-4 0

2.4

2 4-2 8

8.4
8 3-9 0

2.5
2 4-2 7

3.9

2 8-4 4

Greenish
yellow
Greenish
yellow
Deep
red
Deep
red

Deep
red

Greenish
yellow
Buffy
yellow

15 8-18 1

3 7-4 4

2 6-2 8

9 1-9 9

2 6-2 9

3 5-5 0

15.6-17.9
16.1-17.8

3.9-4.6
4 0-4.5

2.6-2.7
2 6-2 8

9.0-10.2
9 3-10 6

2.6-3.1

> 8-2 9

3.5-4.9
4 0-5 5

15.2-17.9

3.8-4.1

2.5-2.7

8.9-9 8

2.6-2.8

4.3-4.8

16.6-24 4

4.2-5 1

2.8-3.1

9 6-10 3

2.6-3.3

4.6-6 8

Museum, and which, through the courtesy of Dr. Ashley B.
Gurney, I examined and made scale drawings of some time ago.
Thomas's type is fragmentary and in a Riker mount, hut the
head and pronotum, part of the abdomen (including the termi-
nal segments), and one hind leg have been preserved.

On the basis of comparison of three of Stal's syntypes with
populations of the Melanoplus dodyci complex from different
parts of Colorado, and from what we can surmise of the activity
of the probable collector, I wish to restrict the type locality of
Pczotcttix boliciuani Stal to the alpine area above 12,000 feet
in altitude on Pikes Peak, Colorado. (On the basis of Thomas's
description of Caloptenus Dodgei we might conclude that the
type Thomas used came from approximately 10,000 feet, as
this is the elevation he mentioned, but this elevation is below

48

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Feb., 1966

timber line and probably was an error.) Pesotettix bohemani
Stal is a synonym of Melanoplus dodgei (Thomas), and the
type specimens of both came from the same locality.

I wish to designate the male syntype that has been the prin-
cipal basis of this comparison as the lectotype of Pesotettix
bohemani Stal. This specimen, which is in the Riksmuseum,
Stockholm, bore the following labels when I received it : Colo-
rado/Morrison/168 [over] 65/Riksmuseum Stockholm/ Syn-

A

5mm.

FIG. 1. Lectotype of Pesotettix bohemani Stal. A. Side view. (The
terminal portion of the hind tarsus is missing.) B. Dorsal view of last
abdominal segments.

type Pesotettix bohemani Stal. It now bears the additional
label : lectotype Pesotettix bohemani Stal designated Alexander
1965. It is illustrated in Fig. 1. The female syntypes I ex-
amined bear the same sequence of labels, with the exception that
neither bears the name "Morrison." Their numbers are 169
[over] 65 and 170 [over] 65. I am particularly grateful to
Drs. Grant and Kjellander for their part in making possible my
examination of these specimens.

Since Pesotettix bohemani Stal is based on a series of speci-
mens from the type locality of Melanoplus dodgei (Thomas), a
synonym, its name is not available for the northern form of M.
dodgei. If this southern form merits recognition by name,
such a name may be available in Scudder's Pesotettix altitudi-
num (1879). (Scudder's 1897 description emphasizes the deep
red color of the lower portion of the hind femur, a feature I

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49

have commented upon.) Before a final decision is reached on
the forms of M. dodyci, however, a thorough investigation of
populations from New Mexico to Canada should be carried out
in as much detail as the recent studies by Van Horn (1965) on
populations of M. dodf/ci in the Front Range of the Colorado
Rockies.

LITERATURE CITED

BEI-BIENKO, G. YA. and L. L. MISHCHENKO. 1963. Locusts and grass-
hoppers of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. 2. vols. (English
translation of 1951 Russian edition.) Jerusalem: Israel Program
for Scientific Translations.

BROWN, F. M. Letters to G. A. dated 1 July, 27 July, and 5 August,
1965, concerning collections made by H. K. Morrison and H. W.
Nash in Colorado.

FEHLMANN, H. A. 1950. Alpine Orthoptera of the eastern Rockies of
Colorado. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Univ. of Colorado. 21 pp.

HARZ, K. 1957. Die Geradfliigler Mitteleuropas. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
494 pp.

HEBARD, MORGAN. 1929. The Orthoptera of Colorado. Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phila. 81 : 303-425.

— . 1935. Orthoptera of the upper Rio Grande valley and the adjacent
mountains in northern New Mexico. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
87 : 45-82.

RIUGWAY, R. 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washing-
ton, B.C. : published by the author. 43 pp. + 53 color plates.

SCUDDER, S. H. 1879. A century of Orthoptera. Boston: published by

the author. 84 pp.

— . 1897. Revision of the orthopteran group Melanopli (Acridiidae)
with special reference to North American forms. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. 20: 1-421.

STAL, C. 1878. Observations orthopterologiques. Sur le Pezotettix et
quelques genres voisins. (Remainder of paper in Latin.) Bihang
Till K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar 5 : 3-20.

THOMAS, C. 1871. On a new grasshopper from Colorado. Canadian
Ent. 3: 168.

VAN* HORN, D. 1965. Variations in size and phallic morphology among
populations of M clan op I us dodgci (Thomas) in the Colorado Front
Range (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 91 : 95-119.

50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

Distribution of the Genus Sphecomyia
Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae)

KENNETH E. WEISMAN, Department of Biological Sciences,
Western Illinois University, Maconib. Illinois

This paper, the third part in a revisionary study of the
syrphid genus Sphecomyia, brings together available informa-
tion and presents new data on the distribution of the genus.

I am indebted to the following institutions and individual for
the generous loan of specimens used throughout this study.
The abbreviations used in the "specimens examined" data are :

United States National Museum, USNM ; Ohio State Uni-
versity, OSU ; Oregon State University, ORSU ; University of
California at Berkeley, UCB ; University of California at Davis,
UCD ; University of Kansas, UK ; University of British Co-
lumbia, UBC ; California Academy of Science, CAS ; Canadian
National Collection, CNC ; University of Alberta, UA ; Zoologi-
cal Museum, Leningrad, ZML ; and personal collection of Y.
Sedman, YS.

The genus is limited to the Holarctic Region. 6". vittata,
S. brevicornis, S. cohtnibiana, S. pattonii, S. dyarl, S. occi-
dental is, S. nasica, and S. jit sea are confined to the Nearctic
Region while S. Tcspifonnis is Palearctic.

Specimens have been recorded as collected on Primus yra-
ciUis, Heracleinn maximum, Heraclcitni lanatum, and V actinium
parviflorus and at elevations between 4,000 and 6,000 feet. The
records are from April through September.

Sphecomyia vittata (Wiedemann), 1830. Fig. 1.

TYPE LOCALITY: "Vaterland?" (Wiedemann, 1830), or
"Georgien" (Roder, 1879). Type deposited, "Im Wiener
Musseum" (Wiedemann, 1830).

RECORDS: Carolina (Latreille, 1825); Georgia (Wiedemann,
1830) ; Nebraska (Hunter, 1869) ; Colorado, New York, New
Hampshire, Virginia (Osten-Sacken, 1877) ; Minnesota, Con-
necticut (Williston, 1886).

Lxxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51

NEW RECORDS : CANADA ; Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec.
UNITED STATES ; Delaware. Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,
New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
South Carolina, Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: British Columbia: 1 $, Soda Creek,
UBC. Quebec: 1 ?, Montreal Is., USNM. Alberta: 1 $,
Sundance, UA. Virginia: 2 ££> 1 ?» Falls Church; 1 $, Glen-
carlyn, USNM. New York: 2 $<$ 3$$, Paterson, OnSU ;
1 ?, Essex Co., USNM. Michigan: 1 J\ 1 ?, Midland Co.,
YS; 1 ?, Newaygo Co., YS. New Hampshire: 1 <?, 1 ?, Jef-
frey Co., UCD, USNM. North Carolina: 1 J1, Highlands,
USNM. Ncu> Jersey: 1 <£ Malaga, USNM. Oklahoma: 1 ^,
255, Dover, UK. Wisconsin: 1 <£, Land O' Lakes, personal
collection. Indiana: 1 $, Brown Co., USNM. Pennsylvania:
1 ?, Collingdale, USNM; 1 $, Montag Co., UK. Connecticut:
1 ?, Stamford, USNM. Massachusetts: 1 J, Forest Hills; 1 $,
Petersham, USNM. Texas: 1 ?, Necogd Co., UK. Ohio:
2$?, Hocking; 1$, Ira, OSU.

Sphecomyia vespiformis (Gorski), 1852. Fig. 2.

TYPE LOCALITY: "Lithuaniae . . ." (Gorski, 1852). Type
deposited, "Musaeo berolinensi . . ." (Gorski, 1852).

RECORDS: Lithuania (Gorski, 1852); Siberia, Norway
(Schiner, 1857) ; Sweden (Osten-Sacken, 1876) ; Finland
(Roder, 1879) ; Leningrad, Novgorod, Jaroslavl, Moscow,
Kaluga, Mogilev Oblasts, Baltic Coastal Area, Middle belt of
Western Europe ( Stackelberg, 1958).

Roder (1879) incorrectly declared S. rcspiforniis synony-
mous with S. vittata. Therefore, the distributional records of
S. I'ittata in the Palearctic Region are actually those of S. vespi-
f or mis. There is no doubt that the two species are very close
phylogenetically in spite of their geographical separation.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: U.S.S.R., 1 J1, 1 $, Leningrad, CXC.
1 J1, 1 9, Berdestsino, ZML.

Sphecomyia brevicornis Osten-Sacken, 1877. Fig. 3.

TYPE LOCALITY : Webber Lake, Sierra County, California.
Type deposited, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge.

52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

»

RECORDS: California (Osten-Sacken, 1877) ; British Columbia
(Osburn, 1908) ; Oregon (Shannon, 1925).

NEW RECORDS : UNITED STATES : Washington, Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: British Columbia: I $, Robson,
UBC; 2 ,&?, Langley, UBC; 2^, Saanich Dist., UBC.
Oregon: 1 £, 1 $, Hood River, UBC. Washington: 1 <$, Pu-
yalup, OnSU ; 1 $, Blue Mts., USNM. California: 1 J1, Crystal
Lake, UBC ; 1 J1 , Stevens Creek, UCB ; 1 ^, Yuba Pass, UCB ;
1 J1, Walnut Creek, CteSU ; 1 $, Camp Angelus, USNM ; 1 J\
Dutch Flat, UCD ; 1 $, Mono Co., UCB ; 1 $ Sentinel Dome,
UCB. Idaho: 15 JV?, 2 $$, Moscow Mt., USNM, UK, UCD.

Sphecomyia columbiana Vockeroth, 1965. Fig. 4.

TYPE LOCALITY : Thirty-two miles S.W. of Terrace, British
Columbia. Type deposited, Canadian National Collection.
Ottawa.

RECORD: British Columbia (Vockeroth, 1965).

NEW RECORDS: UNITED STATES: Washington, Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: British Columbia: Paratypes #8463,
2dV, 2$$, 32 miles S.W. of Terrace, CNC. Washington:

1 £, Walla Walla, USNM. Idaho: 1 $, Coolin, Priest Lake.
CAS.

Sphecomyia pattonii Williston, 1882. Fig. 5.

TYPE LOCALITY : Washington Territory. Type deposited,
U. S. National Museum.

RECORDS: Washington Territory (Williston, 1882) ; Oregon,
Idaho (Shannon, 1925) ; Central British Columbia south to
Idaho and California (Vockeroth, 1965).

NEW RECORD : UNITED STATES : Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: British Columbia: 1 <$, 1 5, Na-
naimo, UK, USNM ; 1 $, Cabriora, OSU. Idaho: 6 <$<$, 3 $?,
Moscow Mt., USNM, UK, ORSU. Washington: 6 JJ, Mt.
Rainier, USNM, ORSU ; 1 <£ Colokum Pass, UK ; 2 J^,
North Puyallup, ORSU ; 1 J, Blue Mt., USNM ; 1 $, Signal
Peak, ORSU. Oregon: 1 J1, Linn Co.; 1 J\ Three Sisters;

2 c?c?, 1 $, Klamath Co. ; 1 £, 1 $, Crater Lake ; 1 ^, Mt. Jef-

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53

ferson ; 1 J\ Duffy Prairie ; 1 <$, Mary's Peak ; 1 J1, 1 $. Crater
Lake ; 1 J>, Parkdale ; 1 $, Deschutes Co. ; 1 ?, Grant Co. ; 1 $,
Crescent Lake; all ORSU. Montana: 1 J\ Missoula, UCD.
California: 2 gg, Sonoma Co., UCD; 1 ^ , Humboldt Co.,
OSU; 1?, Eldorado Co., UK; 1$, Walnut Creek, USNM;
1 ?, Napa, UCD.

Sphecomyia dyari Shannon, 1925. Fig. 6.

TYPE LOCALITY: Gold Lake Camp, Plumas County, Cali-
fornia. Type deposited, U. S. National Museum.

RECORD: California (Shannon, 1925).

NEW RECORDS: UNITED STATES: Washington, Oregon,
Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington: 1 J, Mt. Rainier,
USNM ; 1 ?, Walla Walla, USNM. Oregon: 1 J, 1 ?, Talent,
ORSU ; 1 <$, 2 5$, Crater Lake, ORSU ; 1 $, Lake of the Woods,
UCD. California: 2 £<$, 2 $?, Camp Baldy, UCD, UCB ; 8 <$<$,
5$?, San Bernardino, UCD; 2 <?, Chester, OSU; 1 J1, Yo-
semite, UCB; 1 J\ 2$$, Tahoe, UCB; 2 <$<$, Woods Lake,
UCD ; 1 J\ 1 $, Nevada Co., UCD ; 1 ?, Modoc Co., UCB :
1 ?, Santa Cruz Mts., USNM; 1 ?, Ventura, UK; 1 ?, Crystal
Lake, UCB ; 1 ?, Kern Co., UCB ; 1 ?, Lassen Co., UCD ; 1 ?,
Lake Co., UCD ; 1 ?, Yolo Co., UCD ; 1 $, Amardo Co., UCD ;
1 ?, Shasta Co., UCD.

Sphecomyia occidentalis Osburn, 1908. Fig. 1.

TYPE LOCALITY: Vancouver, British Columbia. Type de-
posited, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Ohio State
University.

RECORDS: British Columbia (Osburn, 1904); Washington
(Osburn, 1908); Idaho (Shannon, 1925).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: British Columbia: Cotype, 1 J\ Mis-
sion, USNM; 1$, Bakerville, UBC. Washington: 3 Jtf,
Olympia, ORSU; 3^, 3$$, Mt. Rainier, USNM, OSU,
ORSU; 1J1, Mt. Steel, OSU; 1 J1, Aberdeen, ORSU; 1$,
Baker Mt., UK. Idaho: 1 ^, Moscow Mt., USNM.

54

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Feb., 1966

I. S. vittata

5.7,

2. S. vespiformis

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55

Sphecomyia nasica Osburn, 1908. Fig. 8.

TYPE LOCALITY : Hope Mts., British Columbia. Type de-
posited, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Ohio State
University.

3. S. brevicornis 4. S. columbiana

5. S. pattonii

6. S. dyari

7 S. occidentalis 8. S. nasica 9. S. fusca

FIGS. 1-9. Distribution of Sphecomyia spp.

Solid circles indicate localities represented by specimens examined dur-
ing this study ; hatching indicates previous distribution records and pre-
sumed range of the species.

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1966

RECORDS: British Columbia (Osburn, 1908) ; Oregon, Wash-
ington (Shannon, 1925).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington: 4 J1 ^ 2 5$, Mt. Rai-
nier, UCD ; 1 <£ 1 ?, Mt. Jefferson, UCD, OnSU ; 1 $, Ameri-
can River. Oregon: 1 <£ Mary's Peak, OfiSU ; 1 <j>, Mt. Hood,

Sphecomyia fusca Weisman, 1964. Fig. 9.

TYPE LOCALITY : Gold Lake, Sierra County, California. Type
deposited, Department of Entomology, University of California
at Davis.

RECORD: California (Weisman, 1964).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: California: Holotype, Sierra Co.,
Gold Lake; Allotype, Nevada Co., near Hobart Mills; Para-
types, 4 ^cT, 3 $5, Nevada Co., all UCD.

LITERATURE CITED

GORSKI, S. B. 1852. Analecta ad Entomographiam Provinciarum Occi-

dentali-Meridonalium Imperii Rossici 1 : 1-214.
HUNTER, W. D. 1869. Canad. Ent. 28: 87-101.
LATREILLE, P. A. 1825. Families naturelles du regne animal, exposees

succinctement et dans un ordre analytique, avec 1'indication de leurs

genres. Paris, pp. 1-570.
OSBURN, R. C. 1904. Canad. Ent. 36 : 257-262.

-. 1908. Canad. Ent. 49: 1-15.
OSTEN-SACKEN, C. R. 1876. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Science 3 : 38-71.

-. 1877. Western Diptera. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 3 : 189-354.
RODER, V. 1879. Entomol. Nachrichten. 7 : 96-98.
SCHINER, J. R. 1857. Zoologisch-botanische gesellschaft, Verhand-

lungen 7 : 279-506.

SHANNON, R. C. 1925. Pan. Pac. Ent. 2 : 43-44.
STACKELBERG, A. A. 1958. Zool. Inst. Acad. of Sciences USSR. 24:

192-246.

VOCKEROTH, J. R. 1965. Canad. Ent. 97 : 86-88.
WEISMAN, K. E. 1964. Ent. News 75 : 266-268.
WIEDEMANN, C. R. 1830. Aussereuropaischc Zweifliigler Insekten 2:

1-684.

WILLISTON, S. W. 1882. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 20 : 299-332.
- . 1886. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 31 : 1-335.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

MARCH 196tt

Vol. LXXVII No. 3

CONTENTS

Emmel and Emmel — A new Papilio from California ( Lep. ) . . . 57

Abdullah and Abdullah — Byturidae and Biphyllidae (Col.) .... 63

Alexander — Xe\v exotic crane-flies. Part XII (Dipt.) 69

Roberts — Technique for rearing Tabanidae (Dipt.) 79

Nomenclature Xotice 82

Review 83

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII MARCH, 1966 Xo. 3

A New Papilio from the Mojave Desert of
California (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

JOHN F. EM MEL and THOMAS C. EM MEL, Department of Bio-
logical Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305

In the vast arid reaches of the Mojave Desert of California,
isolated mountain ranges support ecological islands of Upper
Sonoran Zone plants and animals. Many of these organisms
have been isolated for a sufficiently long time to have diverged
from relatives in the main Sierra Nevada or Coast Ranges, some
becoming endemic species. In the Providence Mountains of
the eastern Mojave, a new Papilio butterfly was discovered
several years ago and intensive field work in 1964 and 1965 has
made possible the acquisition of a series of specimens, as well as
a knowledge of the life history and foodplant.

The new Papilio seems referable to the Papilio indra Reakirt
unit within the Papilio inachaon complex, and is being named
at this time as a subspecies of this species. It is evident from
our studies, however, that evolutionary divergence has pro-
gressed to a remarkable degree within the group of "subspecies"
ascribed to Papilio indra, and it may be necessary to change
this assesment in the future.

Papilio indra martini new subspecies

Hoiotypc, male. Expanse, 66 mm. Forewing length, 3(^ mm.
Length of tail, 6 mm.

SMITH:

(57) MAR

58

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[March, 1966

Primaries, superior surface: Dull black, with a complete sub-
marginal series and a complete post-median series of cream-
colored spots. All of these spots are less developed than in typical
indra, and are clouded by black scaling. The post-median spots
are arrow-shaped, with the apices made indistinct by dense black-
scaling ; the band formed by these spots bends outward near the

inner margin.

Secondaries, superior surface : Dull black, with a submarginal
series of cream crescentic spots slightly less developed than in
Indra. The row of blue spots is more prominent than in typical

FIG. 1. Papilio indra martini Emmel and Emmel, new subspecies.
Holotype (male) on left, and allotype (female) on right; upper surfaces
above, lower surfaces below.

!.\,\\ ii |

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

59

FIG. 2. The six subspecies in the Papilio indra group.

Left column: Top, P. i. indra male (Six Mile Canyon, Boulder Co.,
Colo., June 10, 1962). Second, P. i. fnrdi female (Calico Alts., San Ber-
nardino Co., Calif., March 8, 1962). Third, P. i. pcrgmnus male (Tecate
Peak, San Diego Co., Calif., April 10, 1964). Fourth, P. i. martini fe-
male, Paratype No. 1.

Right column: Top, P. i. kaibabcnsis female (Roaring Springs, North
Rim, Grand Canyon Nat. Park, Ariz., July 4, 1965, ex larva). Second,
P. i. minor i female (Black Ridge, Mesa "Co., Colo., May 24, 1964, ex
"vuni). Third, P. i. martini female, Paratype No. 4.

The two paratypes of P. i. martini represent the extremes of forewine
pattern variation within the type series.

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

indra, approximately intermediate between indra and P. I.
minor i. The orange-red anal spot is mostly filled by the central
black spot; only the area lateral to and anterior to this black-
spot is orange-red ; the area just posterior to it is cream. The
post-median series of cream spots forms a band slightly less
developed than in indra. Near the costal margin, the band is
widest, narrowing posteriorly. Just posterior to the outer edge
of the cell, the band bends inward, becoming an irregular line.
Both the submarginal and post-median series of spots are slightly
clouded by black scaling.

Primaries, inferior surface : Very similar to superior surface,
except that the spots are slightly larger, and their color is lighter,
being a cream-white.

Secondaries, inferior surface : Similar to superior surface, but
with the submarginal spots and the posterior half of the post-
median series slightly larger, and all spots lighter in color, being
cream-white. The submarginal spot nearest the costal margin
is largely light red-orange. The anal spot has a larger area of
red-orange than it does on the superior surface.

Head and thorax as in typical P. indra. Abdomen, entirely
black ; in specimens of other subspecies of the P. indra group,
there is nearly always a lateral yellow area of varying size just
anterior to the claspers.

Allotype, female. Expanse, 72 mm. Forewing length, 43
mm. Length of tail, 7 mm.

Primaries, superior surface : Dull black, with same cream-
colored markings as for male.

Secondaries, superior surface : Dull black, markings same as
for male. The submarginal spot nearest the costal margin is
obliterated by black scaling.

Primaries, inferior surface : Same as for male.

Secondaries, inferior surface: Same as for male, except that
the second submarginal spot is tinged with orange, and the
black central spot of the anal spot is larger than on the superior
surface.

Head, thorax, and abdomen same as in male.

Holotype male : From an egg taken on Lomatiwn parryi

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61

(Wats.) Macbr., on May 9, 1964, in Gilroy Canyon, elevation
5,600 feet, Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County.
CALIFORNIA ; reared on tbe same plant. Emerged July 8, 1964.
Leg. John F. Emmel and Thomas C. Emmel. Gilroy Canyon
is located approximately midway between Mitchell Caverns State
Park and the Bonanza King Mine.

Allotype female : Same locality, date, and collectors as for
holotype; emerged October 10, 1964.

Paratypes: 2 males and 7 females, Nos. 1-7 having been taken
by the authors as ova on Lomatium parryi on May 9, 1964, at
the type locality, and reared on the same plant.

Paratype No. 1 : Emgd. Oct. 21, 1964. Deposited in Los
Angeles Co. Museum. Paratype No. 2: Emgd. Oct. 21, 1964.
Deposited in collection of John F. Emmel and Thomas C. Em-
mel. Paratype No. 3: Emgd. Jan. 17, 1965. Deposited in Los
Angeles Co. Museum. Paratype No. 4: Emgd. Jan. 21, 1965.
Deposited in collection of J. F. Emmel and T. C. Emmel.
Paratype No. 5 : Emgd. Mar. 17, 1965. Deposited in Los An-
geles Co. Museum. Paratype No. 6: Emgd. Feb. 4, 1965. De-
posited in Los Angeles Co. Museum. Paratype No. 7 : Emgd.
Oct. 6, 1964. Deposited in collection of J. F. Emmel and T. C.
Emmel. Paratype No. 8 : Coll. May 9, 1964, in canyon above
Bonanza King Mine, elevation 5,650 fet, Providence Mts., Calif.,
leg. John F. Emmel. Deposited in collection of T. F. Emmel and
T. C. Emmel. Paratype No. 9: Coll. April 5, 1934, Providence
Mts., Calif., no collector. Deposited in Los Angeles Co. Museum.

The holotype and allotype will be deposited in the collection
of the Los Angeles County Museum. A pair of topotypes will
be deposited in the American Museum of Natural History at
a later date.

We take great pleasure in naming this subspecies after our
close friend Lloyd M. Martin, Associate Curator of Entomology
at the Los Angeles County Museum, who has given unlimited
aid and encouragement in our studies of the Papilio inachaon
complex and other Rhopalocera.

There are now six named subspecies of Papilio indra, includ-
ing the typical form. The following summarizes their distin-
guishing characteristics.

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

In typical indra (Reakirt, 1866) the outstanding features are
the small size, stubby wings, very short tails, and medium-width
yellow limbal band. Range : Northern half of the states of
California, Nevada, and Utah, and north-central Colorado, north
to the Canadian border, in mountain areas.

P. i. pergamus (Edwards, 1874) is similar to indra in mark-
ings, but is larger, and has long tails and more angular wings.
Range : Mountain ranges of southwestern California, from the
Santa Barbara Mountains south to the mountains of northern
Baja California.

P. i. minori (Cross, 1937) is generally larger than the previous
two, and has a narrower limbal band, in some specimens obso-
lescent ; there is greater development of the blue areas on the
secondaries ; tails are long. Range : Extreme western Colorado,
southeastern Utah, northwestern New Mexico (J. F. Emmel,
unpublished).

P. i. kaibabensis (Bauer, 1955) is similar to minori, but with
the limbal band absent or reduced to a few spots ; blue areas on
secondaries are very prominent ; tails are long. Range : Grand
Canyon region of Arizona.

P. i. fordi (Comstock and Martin, 1955) has the greatest devel-
opment of the light yellow markings, exhibiting a wide limbal
band ; smaller than typical indra, but with longer tails. Range :
Mountain ranges of western Mojave Desert and northwestern
Colorado Desert (J. F. Emmel, unpublished).

P. i. martini is slightly larger than typical indra, and has longer
tails ; the ground color is a duller black than in other subspecies ;
the limbal band is narrower than in indra, and on the secondaries
it tapers posteriorly, and as it passes the outer edge of the cell,
it bends inward, becoming a thin, irregular line — this pattern is
unique to this subspecies, and may be used as an immediate dis-
tinguishing feature; the yellow markings are paler than in any
other subspecies, and are often clouded by black scales ; the ab-
domen is entirely black in nearly all specimens, the exceptions

Ixxvii

ENTOMOLO(;iCAL NEWS 63

showing only a trace of yellow scales laterally — in all other sub-
species yellow markings are present on the abdomen. Impor-
tant character differences are also found in the early stages,
which will be described in a separate paper. Range : Providence
Mountains, eastern Mojave Desert.

LITERATURE CITED

BAUER, D. L. 1955. A new race of Fapilio indra from the Grand Can-
yon region. Jour. Lepid. Soc. 9 : 49-54.

COMSTOCK, J. A., and L. M. MARTIN. 1955. A new Papilio from Cali-
fornia. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 54: 142-148.

CROSS, F. C. 1937. Butterflies of Colorado. Proc. Colo. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 16.

EDWARDS, H. 1874. Pacific coast Lepidoptera, No. 10, On a new spe-
cies of Papilio from California. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5 : 423.

MUNZ, P. A. 1963. A California flora. University of California Press,
Los Angeles. 1681 pp.

REAKIRT, T. 1866. Coloradoan butterflies. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 6:
122-151.

Byturidae and Biphyllidae (Coleoptera), Two

Primitive Families of the Heteromera not

the Clavicornia — A New Interpretation

of some Old Observations '

MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH - and ABIDA ABDULLAH, Department
of Entomology, Macdonald College of McGill University,

P. Q.

There is no doubt that the Byturidae (fruitworms) and tin-
Biphyllidae (false skin-beetles) are families of the Cucujoidea.
The superfamily includes a primitive section called Clavicornia
from which seems to have evolved a derivative section called

1 Senior author's paper number 47 on the Coleoptera.

2 The research was supported by a Postdoctorate Fellowship awarded
to the senior author by the National Research Council of Canada.

64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

Heteromera. The only suggestion we know of regarding the
origin of the Heteromera is Crowson's view that the Heteromera

o

probably evolved from a fairly primitive clavicorn type near
Byturidae and Biphyllidae (Crowson, 1955: 91, and vide Ab-
dullah, 1964: 16). We have critically examined the observa-
tions of Crowson (1955, 1960, and' 1964), Barber (1942),
Boving and Craighead (1931), Emden (1942), Peterson (1951),
and Roberts (1958) and come to the definite conclusion that
the two families belong to the derivative cucujoid group called
Heteromera and that they are primitive within the section. In
other words, the Byturidae and Biphyllidae are primitive fami-
lies of the Heteromera, not of the Clavicornia. However, we
agree with Crowson (1955: 84) in dismissing the suggestion of
some "older authors" of a direct connection between the Melyri-
dae (Cleroidea) and the Biphyllidae-Byturidae.

With the understanding that the Heteromera is a derivative
group of the Cucujoidea and keeping in mind the principles of
phyletic weighting (vide Cain and Harrison, 1960; Simpson,
1961 ; and Crowson, 1965) we examined the characters defining
the Clavicornia and Heteromera in both the adult and larvae.
The following report on the primitive and derivative alterna-
tives of a character in the Heteromera seems reasonable :

1. ANTENNA:

Primitive — clubbed as in the Biphyllidae, Byturidae, Hemipep-
lidae, Tetratomidae, etc. (and many Clavicornia).
Derivative — filiform as in the Anthicidae, Meloidae, etc.

2. FRONT COXA:

Primitive — transverse or oval (i.e., non-projecting) as in the
Biphyllidae, Byturidae, Hemipeplidae, Inopeplidae, etc. (and
many Clavicornia).
Derivative — projecting as in the Anthicidae, Meloidae, etc.

3. TROCHANTER:

Primitive — non-heteromeroid as in the Hemipeplidae (and

Clavicornia).

Derivative — heteromeroid as in the Biphyllidae, Byturidae,

Anthicidae, etc.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65

4. TARSAL FORMULA:

Primitive — 5-5-5 as in the Biphyllidae, Byturidae ( and Clavi-

cornia).

Derivative — 5-5-4 as in the Hemipeplidae, Inopeplidae, Tetra-

tomidae, Anthicidae, etc.

5. AEDEAGUS :

Primitive — heteromeran type as in the Biphyllidae, Byturidae
and other Heteromera (with the ventral part of the tegmen alto-
gether absent). We do not know the condition in Hemipeplus
and Inopeplus but if the aedeagus is heteromeran in these gen-
era, then we are fairly confident of our conclusion.
Derivative— inverted heteromeran type as in the Cononotidae
with the tegmen ventral and median lobe dorsal (however, quite
variable in the Anthicidae).

6. ABDOMEN :

Primitive — all visible sternites free as in the Biphyllidae, By-
turidae, etc. (and Clavicornia).

Derivative — first few visible sternites connate as in the Aderi-
dae, Nilionidae, Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae, etc.

7. LARVAL MANDIBLE:

Primitive — prostheca present as in the Biphyllidae (Roberts,
1958: 275, fig. 47) (and most Clavicornia, e.g., the Endomychi-
dae (Peterson, 1951: 91, fig. I).

Derivative — without a true prostheca as in the Tetratomidae
(Crowson, 1963 : 83 and fig. 3 ) and with a setiferous lobe below
niola as in the Byturidae (Peterson, 1951 : 91, fig. O) and some
Anthicidae (Emden, 1942: 259, fig. 26).

8. LARVAL HEAD: MEDIAN EPICRANIAL SUTURE:
Primitive — present as in the Byturidae, Tetratomidae (Crow-
son, 1964: fig. 1), etc.

Derivative — absent or reduced as in the Scraptiidae (Bo'ving
and Craighead, 1931: 175, fig. A).

9. LARVAL TENTH ABDOMINAL SEGMENT:

Primitive — present, postero-ventral and pygopod-like as in the
Byturidae (Peterson, 1951 : 175. fig. O) and typical Clavi-
cornia (Crowson, 1960: 127).

66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

Derivative — absent ; if present not pygopod-like, position ven-
tral, transverse and with sclerotized dorsal and ventral lips as in
Mccynotarsus, Anthicidae (Boving and Craighead, 1931 : 179,
fig. W) ; Scraptiidae (ibid., 1931 : 175, fig. D) and other typical
Heteromera (Crowson, 1960: 127).

We believe that the facts do not support Crowson's opinion
that the "5-5-4 tarsi in the male sex might well be an ancestral
feature in Cucujoidea" because in those families of the Hetero-
mera where this tarsal formula exists either the aedeagus is
of the heteromeran type or the trochanters are heteromeroid and
the larval mandible lacks prostheca (Crowson, 1960: 128). The
presence of these essentially correlated characters defines a nat-
ural group. The discovery of Protomcloc Abdullah has now
fairly conclusively established that the Heteromera is a natural
(monophyletic) group and that the old division (Tenebrionoidea,
Meloidea, Cucujoidea) is artificial, for if the Meloidae evolved
from the Anthicidae or the latter from the Pyrochroidae, these
families could not be placed remote from each other in a phylo-
genetic classification (Abdullah, 1965).

There are two major possibilities with respect to the Biphyl-
lidae-Byturidae : either we place them in the Clavicornia on
the basis of primitive (negative) characters shared with other
Clavicornia while attributing their similarities with the Hetero-
mera to convergence or we place them in the Heteromera for
having evolved a number of important Heteromeran characters
in both the adult and larvae which could neither be attributed
to convergence nor explained on the basis of adaptations to the
same special mode of life while explaining their certain structural
similarities with the Clavicornia as due to ancestry, an interpre-
tation which is consistent with the view that the Heteromera
have evolved from the Clavicornia.

Crowson (1955 and 1960) has made a number of suggestions,
even seemingly contradictory at times, sometimes favoring the
first view and sometimes the second view yet at no time taking
a clear stand on the issue. For example, here are the sugges-
tions that the byturids are primitive Clavicornia : . . . "by the

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67

totality of their structure they are most closely allied to the more
decidedly 'Clavicorn' Biphylliclae" (Crowson, 1955: 106) ; "By-
turids are the nearest 'Clavicorn' relatives of the Heteromera"
(op. cit. :136) ; the Byturidae possibly have "direct affinity"
with the Protocucujidae as suggested by "the structure of the
front coxae, the pseudo-tetramerous tarsi, the relatively large
bi setose empodium and the angular bend in the r-m cross-vein
(suggesting an incipient spur)" (op. cit.: 106) ; the Byturidae
may be related to the Endomychidae-Cerylonidae as suggested
by the wing-venation (op. cit.: 106, 109). Further, "the fami-
lies allied to Endomychidae" are the Cerylonidae, Corylophidae,
Coccinellidae, Discolomidae, Merophysiidae and Lathridiidae
(Crowson, 1960: 127).

On the other hand, it could be argued that Crowson had
earlier suggested that the Biphyllidae-Byturidae are more "Het-
eromera-like" in the "wing-venation, aedeagus, trochanters and
met-endosternite" than the Cucujidae (Crowson, 1955: 103),
but it could be pointed out that he also used some of these
characters to link them with the Endomychidae and certain other
families of the Clavicornia and since the Cucujidae is not a
family of the Heteromera, this does not prove anything. Per-
haps, the best indication in his writings may be obtained in the
following sentence "If the Clavicornia-Heteromera division is
to be employed, I think the phylogenetically soundest procedure
might be to base it essentially on the structure of the aedeagus
and include Byturidae and Biphyllidae in Heteromera as well
as Cisidae, Mycetophagidae, Colydiidae (excluding Ceryloni-
dae), etc." (Crowson, 1960: 127). However, it should be
pointed out that in the same paper, Crowson stated, ... it is
natural to suspect the group [Cucujoidea] of being worthy of
subdivision into two or more superfamilies" and "5-5—1- tarsi
in the male sex might well be an ancestral feature in Cucujoi-
dea" (op. cit.: 127-128). We can not imagine anything sensible
or necessary in a division involving more than two superfamilies
(or even two) as the old division (Tenebrionoidea, Meloidea
and Cucujoidea) is undoubtedly artificial. Also, if the 5-5-4
tarsal formula is a primitive feature then the Biphylliclae-Byturi-

68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

dae could be mistaken for derivative Heteromera, a view which
is not supported by other features of their anatomy.

Compared with the Byturidae, Biphyllidae appears to be
more primitive for the larval mandible has a prostheca but
lacks the post-molar setose lobe found in the Byturidae. How-
ever, in other features it resembles the Byturidae closely : the
heteromeroid trochanters, the first anal vein running into the
subcubital fleck (Crowson, 1955: 92, fig. 113), the byturid type
of the met-endosternite and the heteromeran aedeagus-characters
which merit them to be called families of the Heteromera. The
resemblances with the Endomychidae or the Cerylonidae in
certain characters of the wing-venation are unimportant when
the differences in the other above-mentioned characters are
considered.

We, therefore, transfer the Biphyllidae and Byturidae to the
Heteromera from the Clavicornia and at the same time reject
any suggestion of direct affinities with any other group of the
Coleoptera. The two families are primitive Heteromera, and
not clavicorn ancestors of the Heteromera.

REFERENCES

ABDULLAH, M. 1964. New heteromerous beetles (Coleoptera) from the

Baltic amber of eastern Prussia and gum copal of Zanzibar. Trans.

R. ent. Soc. London 116: 329-346.
— . 1965. Protomeloc argentinensis, a new genus and species of

Meloidae (Coleoptera), with remarks on the significance of cantha-

ridin and the phylogeny of the families Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae,

Meloidae and Cephaloidae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13(7) :247-254

(1964).
BARBER, H. S. 1942. Raspberry fruitworms and related species. Misc.

Publ. United States Dept. Agric. 468: 1-32.
MOVING, A. G. & CRAIGHEAD, F. C. 1931. An illustrated synopsis of the

principal larval forms of the Coleoptera. Ent. Americana (n.s.)

11: 1-351.
CAIN, A. J. £ HARRISON, G. A. 1960. Phyletic weighting. Proc. zool.

Soc. London 135 : 1-31.
CROWSON, R. A. 1955. The natural classification of the families of

Coleoptera. viii + 187 pp., London.
— . 1960. The phylogeny of Coleoptera. Ann. Rev. Ent. 5 : 111-134.

Ixxvii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69

— . 1964. Observations on British Tetratomidae (Col.), with a key to

the larvae. Ent. mon. Mag. 99: 82-86 (1963).

— . 1965. Classification, Statistics and Phylogeny. Syst. Zool. 14:
144-148.

EMDEN, F. I. VAN. 1942. Larvae of British beetles III. Key to the
families. Ent. mon. Mag. 78 : 206-272.

PETERSON", A. 1951. Larvae of insects. II. v + 416 pp. Ann Arbor,
Mich.

ROBERTS, The late A. W. R. 1958. On the taxonomy of Erotyliclae
(Coleoptera), with special reference to the morphological characters
of the larvae. II. Trans. R. ent. Soc. London 110: 245-258.

SIMPSON, G. G. 1961. Principles of animal taxonomy. 247 pp. Ox-
ford Univ. Press, London.

New Exotic Crane-Flies (Tipulidae: Diptera).

Part XII

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts l

The preceding part under this general title was published in
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Vol. 76 (8) : 213-222. I am continu-
ing the consideration of Oriental crane-flies belonging to the
tribe Hexatomini collected by Dr. Fernand Schmid in various
parts of India and have included one further species from British
North Borneo.

All species discussed at this time belong to the extensive genus
Epiphragma Osten Sacken, abundantly represented in the Ori-
ental and Neotropical Regions, with fewer species throughout
the Holarctic. Attention is called to a neglected character to
be found in the antennae where the proximal segments of the
flagellum in many species are united to form a fusion-segment.
The primitive number of antennal segments in the genus is 16
and the number involved in the fusion is readily determined by
the number of free segments beyond. In the Indian species of

1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of Massa-
chusetts.

70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

E[>iphraynia the conditions obtaining are as follows. Antennae
with 16 segments, with none fused: Epiphragma (Epiphragma)
dysaithria, new species; E. (E.) scoptcs Alexander. With 15
segments, there being two in the fusion: E. (E.} commoptcra,
new species; E. (E.} dysonunata Alexander; E. (E.) kempi
Brunetti ; E. (E.) ricina Brunetti. With 14 segments, there
being three in the fusion: E. (E.) callgata Alexander; E. (E.)
rhododcndri, new species. With 13 segments, there being four
in the fusion: E. (£.) pcrocellata, new species. The condition
of the antennae is unknown in E. (E.) ado.ra Alexander and
E. (E.} ornatipennis (Brunetti).

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) commoptera, new species

Mesonotal praescutum with a pattern of light and dark brown,
yellow pollinose ; antennae black, fusion-segment light yellow,
of two articles ; legs yellow, in male femora virtually unpat-
terned ; wings whitened, with a dark pattern, the areas solidly
dark brown ; abdominal tergites dark brown, brownish black on
sides, with a conspicuous silvery area on posterior half ; male
hypopygium with tergal lobes very low ; dististyles slender.

J1. Length about 9.5 mm ; wing 9.8 mm ; antenna about 2.7
mm.

§. Length about 10 mm; wing 10 mm.

Rostrum dark brown; palpi black. Antennae 15-segmented,
the fusion-segment of two articles ; black, the fusion-segment
light yellow, vaguely darkened at apex ; terminal segment about
one-half the penultimate. Head above chiefly brownish black,
narrowly cinnamon brown on orbits and sides of vertex.

./

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum with confluent
stripes, the long intermediate pair light cinnamon brown in
front, more yellowed behind, the posterior half with four paler
brown areas before the suture to form a transverse band ; lat-
eral, humeral and cephalic parts of praescutum broadly dark-
brown ; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly dark brown, scutal
lobes and mediotergite slightly gray pruinose. Pleura dark
brown, more pruinose behind, variegated by slightly more
brownish black areas on propleura, dorsal anepisternum, and

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71

ventral sternopleurite and pteropleurite. Halteres dark brown,
extreme base of stem and apex of knob vaguely brightened.
Legs with fore coxae dark brown, yellowed apically ; trochanters
yellow ; middle and hind coxae and trochanters chiefly dark
brown ; remainder of legs light yellow, the femora in male vir-
tually unpatterned, in female with a narrow very pale brown
subterminal ring that is subequal to the yellow apex. Wings
whitened, with a conspicuous dark pattern, all areas being
solidly dark brown, without differentiated margins ; basal half
of wing with three major ocelliform areas in cells R and M, all
interconnected and broadly reaching the border in cell C; be-
yond the cord the ocelli are scarcely evident, the dark pattern
being very irregular, leaving large marginal ground areas in all
cells excepting Rr> ; cell 2nd A with alternating brown and white
areas ; veins light brown, more yellowed in the costal ground
areas. Venation : ui-cit about its own length beyond the fork
of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sides broadly brownish
black, with a conspicuous silvery gray marginal area on pos-
terior half; sternites and hypopygium dark brown. Male hypo-
pygium with the tergite broadly transverse, posterior border
sinuously truncate, the lobes very low, separated by a small
V-shaped emargination. Interbase with outer arm slender.
Both dististyles unusually narrow, the inner style at midlength
slightly less than twice the diameter of the outer style.

HABITAT. INDIA (Sikkim, Kumaon). Holotyf>c: J\ Nanga,
Sikkim, 5,000 feet, August 3, 1959 (Fernand Schmid). Allo-
to polype: $, Gery, Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon, 6,890 feet, August
16, 1958 (Fernand Schmid).

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) ornatipennis (Brunetti) has the
wing pattern much as in the present fly except that the dark-
ened areas are bordered conspicuously by darker brown, espe-
cially in the costal and outer cells.

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) dysaithria, new species

Size relatively large (wing of male 12.5 mm) ; all antennal
segments unfused ; femora uniformly brownish yellow, tibiae and

72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March. 1966

tarsi clearer yellow ; wings whitened, with a slightly ocelliforni
darkened pattern, the costal areas solidly darkened; abdomen
uniformly brownish black, the hypopygium more brownish yel-
low, the tergal lobes rounded, pale yellow.

J1. Length about 15 mm; wing 12.5 mm; antenna about 2.6
mm.

Rostrum brownish black, margined above by gray ; palpi black.
Antennae black, the first flagellar segment small, yellow ; all
flagellar segments distinct and unfused, the first about one-half
longer than the second, the remaining segments progressively
lengthened ; verticils of outer segments very long. Head dark
brown, the anterior vertex adjoining the antennae yellowed.

Pronotal scutum brown, its posterior margin and the scutel-
lum yellowed, sides broadly blackened. Mesonotal praescutum
with anterior and lateral borders broadly dark brown, more
intense at the margins, humeri paler ; anterior half with two
intermediate brown stripes divided by a capillary black central
vitta ; posterior half of praescutum variegated, median area
yellow, the remainder gray with narrow brown lines, the inter-
mediate pair shorter, not reaching the suture ; posterior sclerites
of notnm dark brown, mediotergite and anterior half of scutum
gray pruinose, posterior borders of scutellum and mediotergite
indistinctly blackened ; pleurotergite dark brown, the center gray
pruinose. Pleura brownish black, variegated by silvery, espe-
cially on the mesepisternum ; dorsopleural membrane dusky.
Halteres dark brown, base of stem restrictedly paler, knob uni-
formly darkened. Legs with coxae yellowed, banded with
brown, heavier on posterior pair ; trochanters yellow, darkened
beneath ; femora brownish yellowy, unpatterned, tibiae and tarsi
clearer yellow. Wings with the ground whitened, subequal to
or more extensive than the darkened pattern ; costal cell chiefly
whitened, the dark areas between h and the supernumerary
crossvein barely reaching costa ; the dark pattern includes weak
ocelli, the most distinct in cells R and M, especially over origin
of Rs, the other areas more uniformly darkened, not margined ;
darkened areas in outer radial field, including the basal fourth
of cell 7?4, more brownish yellow, the dark pattern in the costal

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73

and stigmal regions darker brown ; cell 2nd A with three dark
areas, including the base and apex; veins brown, darker in the
more heavily patterned parts, yellowed in the costal interspaces,
including vein C. Venation : Cell 1st Mz slightly narrower at
either end than at central part ; in- en- about one-third its length
beyond fork of M.

Abdomen brownish black, the posterior borders of tergites
very narrowly and inconspicuously yellowed, hypopygium more
brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with lobes of tergite
rounded, pale yellow, with abundant delicate setulae. Interbase
and the terminal spine of the outer dististyle long and slender.

HABITAT. INDIA (West Bengal). Holotype: g, Lingsoka,
4,270 feet, September 9, 1959 (Fernand Schmid).

Epipliragina (Epipliragina) dysaithria is readily told from
other regional members of the genus by the unfused basal seg-
ments of the antennal flagellum, the uniformly colored legs and
the wing pattern. The very different E. (£.) scoptes Alex-
ander, of Nepal, similarly has 16 separate antennal segments,
all being uniformly darkened.

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) perocellata, new species

Allied to rhododendri; antennae 13-segmented, the yellow
fusion-segment being comprised of four articles ; femora yellow,
with a vague brown subterminal ring, the tips distinctly yel-
lowed ; wings with an abundant ocelliform brown pattern, the
ocelli with darker borders, including the sections in the costal
cell ; central ocellus of cell 2nd A short and arcuated.

J1. Length about 11 mm; wing 10.5 mm; antenna about 2.1
mm.

Rostrum light cinnamon brown, paler on margins; palpi dark-
brown. Antennae shorter than in rJwdodcndri, scape brown,
pedicel brownish black, fusion-segment yellow, remainder of
flagellum brownish black ; fusion-segment elongate, comprised
of four articles, the former sutures indicated beneath; all outer
segments with long verticils. Head above yellow pollinose, pos-
terior vertex and occiput with a central brown line ; bristles of
head black, porrect.

74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

Pronotal scutum yellow, infuscated above, scutellum yellow.
Mesonotal praescutum with four yellow pollinose discal stripes,
the anterior and lateral borders broadly cinnamon brown, the
margin more blackened ; mid-region of praescutum with a nar-
row cinnamon brown stripe that ends in an acute point some
distance before suture, the stripe further divided by a capillary
brownish black vitta ; anterior half of scutum yellow pollinose,
weakly darkened near suture, posterior half dark brown ; scu-
tellum gray pruinose, parascutellum darker, sunken ; postnotum
gray pruinose, mediotergite behind broadly brown, pleurotergite
similarly darkened, the katapleurotergite variegated with gray.
Pleura patterned with gray and brownish black, the latter ap-
pearing as an interrupted longitudinal stripe extending from
cervical region to the pleurotergite, with less evident darkenings
on the dorsal sternopleurite which is chestnut beneath ; small
black areas on meron and beneath wing root. Halteres with
stem yellow, knob brown, tip slightly paler. Legs with coxae
and trochanters yellowed ; femora yellow with a vague brown
subterminal ring that is more than twice the length of the yellow-
apex ; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Wings with the ground whit-
ened, with a very heavy ocelliform darker pattern, including
large areas on disk at and before origin of Rs, over the
cord, outer end of cell 1st M., and at fork of A/1 + 2 ; further more
or less complete marginal ocelli at ends of longitudinal veins, in
cell 2nd A the central area shorter and more arcuated than in
rhododendri; darkened costal sections of ocelli writh paler cen-
ters, not uniformly dark brown, as in rhododendri; veins brown,
more yellowed in the costal interspaces. Venation : Cell Ml
relatively narrow ; in-cn about its own length beyond fork of M.

Abdominal tergites variegated yellow and brown, the posterior
lateral areas light gray ; basal sternites brownish black, succeed-
ing segments light yellow, dark brown laterally beneath the over-
lapping tergites; hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypo-
pygium with tergal lobes very low, obtuse, their contour about
the same as that of the median emargination. Outer dististyle
slender, narrowed gradually to the curved apical spine; inner
style a little shorter and broader than in rhododendri.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 75

HABITAT. INDIA (Sikkim). Holotypc: J\ Kechoiperi, 5,900
feet, April 9, 1959 (Fernand Schmid).

The nearest ally of the present fly is Epiphragma (Epl-
phragma} rhododendri, new species, which differs evidently in
the pattern of the legs and wings and in antennal structure, such
as the nature of the fusion-segment of the flagellum.

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) rhododendri, new species

Size large (wing of male over 11 mm) ; antennae with 14
segments, the fusion-segment comprised of three articles ; meso-
notum gray, the praescutum patterned with light hrown, includ-
ing a conspicuous blackened central vitta, pleura brown, varie-
gated with darker brown ; femora yellow, tips broadly dark
brown, with vague indications of a dark suffusion beyond mid-
length, the two enclosing a more yellowed ring ; wings whitened,
with a very extensive brown pattern that is unusually ocelliform,
including a series of broken ocelli along the posterior border ;
cell 1st M.2 longer than vein Jl/3 beyond it ; male hypopygium
with the outer clististyle relatively narrow, the interbase a long
spine.

<$. Length about 9.5-11 mm; wing 10.5-13 mm; antenna
about 3-3.1 mm.

J. Length about 10 mm; wing 10 mm.

Rostrum silken yellow, tufted with long yellow setae ; palpi
black. Antennae with scape and pedicel dark brown, fusion-
segment orange, remainder of flagellum black; antennae with 14
segments, the fusion-segment elongate, including three articles ;
outer flagellar segments elongate, subequal to their longest ver-
ticils. Front and anterior vertex silvery yellow ; posterior vertex
extensively dark cinnamon brown, the genae more grayish.

Pronotum obscure yellow with three coarse transverse corru-
gations, the posterior one including the scutellum. Mesonotum
chiefly gray, praescutum with sides and anterior third patterned
with light brown, the lateral margins narrowly darkened, a very
conspicuous black central stripe that ends in a point just before
the suture; posterior border of mediotergite darker. Pleura
brown, sparsely pruinose, variegated with darker brown areas,

76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

chiefly including the propleura, anterior dorsopleural region,
anepi sternum, dorsal sternopleurite and pteropleurite. Halteres
with stem light brown, its base, and apex of the knob yellowed.
Legs with coxae and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora yel-
low, tips broadly dark brown, with vague indications of a broad
paler brown suffusion beyond midlength, the two enclosing a
clearer yellow subterminal ring ; tibiae obscure yellow, tips dark-
ened ; tarsi brown. Wings with the ground whitened, very
extensively patterned with darker, the markings chiefly ocelli-
form, in cells R, M, and outer radial field paler and more fulvous
than the areas behind ; the ocelliform pattern includes partial or
broken areas in all cells along posterior border, including cell
2nd A ; cell C with solidly darkened brown areas, including two
before the supernumerary crossvein ; most of the ocelli are nar-
rowly and vaguely margined with slightly darker brown ; dark-
ened areas of disk tending to form crossbands, the one at origin
of Rs separated from the band at cord by a whitened ground line
that is connected behind with a comparable whitened band be-
yond cord, the latter extending from the outer radial field back-
ward across cell 1st 7l/2 at midlength ; veins light brown, darker
in the heavily patterned markings. Venation : Rs long, spurred
at origin; R2 + s + t long, more than twice the arcuated 7?2 + 3; cell
1st M., elongate, exceeding vein M4 ; in-cn less than its length
beyond the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites yellowish gray, conspicuously variegated
by dark brown, including lateral areas on the basal rings, the
posterior lateral borders light gray, not silvery as in some species
of the genus; basal sternites yellowed; hypopygium brownish
black. Male hypopygium with posterior border of tergite vir-
tually truncate, with two very low submedian lobes. Outer dis-
tistyle relatively narrow, its length more than five times the
greatest breadth, the tip curved into a slender spine ; inner style
longer, the outer half a paddlelike blade. Apical spine of inter-
base subequal to or slightly longer than the enlarged base, nar-
rowed very gradually to the acute tip.

HABITAT. INDIA (Sikkim). Holotypc: ^, Yedang, 10,600
feet, in Rhododendron association, June 9, 1959 (Fernand

Ixxvii I I:\TOMOLCXIICAL \K\YS 77

Schmid). Allutopotypc: $, May 25, 1959. Paratopotype: \ ^,
pinned with type ; paratypcs: 1 ^, Chachu, 9,950 feet, in Rhodo-
dendron association; 2 rfrf, Chateng, 8,700 feet, May 22, 1959;
2 <&?, Zema, 9,100 feet, June 14, 1959 (Fernand Schmid).

Epiphragina (Epiphragma) rhododendri is told most readily
from other Indian species by the structure of the fusion-segment
of the antennae, the hroad brown femoral tips, and the unusually
heavy ocelliform pattern of the wings.

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subvicina, new species

Epiphragma (Epiphragina} I'icina Edwards ; Jour. Federated
Malay States Mus., 17: 283; 1933; nee Epipliragma vlcina Bru-
netti ; Rec. Indian Mus. 15 : 331-332, pi. 8, fig. 15 (wing) ; 1918.

J1. Length about 10 mm ; wing 10.5 mm ; antenna about 2 mm.

Rostrum pale fulvous ; palpi black. Antennae short, dark-
brown, the two-segmented fusion-segment light yellow ; first free
flagellar segment shorter than the second, the outer two seg-
ments subequal. Head light cinnamon brown, silvery behind
the antennae, posterior vertex with a narrow darker brown
central line that is expanded in front.

Pronotum and pretergites yellow, posterior section of scutum
more infuscated. Mesonotal praescutum with stripes cinnamon
brown, the intermediate pair dark brown on posterior fourth;
lateral stripes yellowed, brown on posterior half, these darkened
areas forming an interrupted transverse band before the suture ;
humeral and lateral parts more chestnut, restrictedly patterned
with darker, more intensely so on lateral borders ; scutum brown,
yellow pollinose adjoining the suture; scutellum brown basally,
the posterior border broadly yellow; mediotergite chiefly ob-
scure yellow, behind broadly dark brown, pleurotergite exten-
sively yellowed, dark brown anteriorly. Pleura yellowed ven-
trally, above patterned with dark brown, especially on the anepi-
sternum and dorsal pteropleurite. Halteres yellowed, knob
brown, tip paler. Legs with coxae yellowed, outer half pat-
terned with pale brown ; trochanters yellow ; femora verv pale
brown, base and apex narrowly yellowed; tibiae and tarsi yel-
low. Wings with the ground pale yellow, with a pale brown

78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

pattern as in the genus, including three major ocelliform areas
in cells R and M, the last at the cord, the parts in cell C solidly
darkened ; beyond the cord the darkened pattern very irregular,
sending narrow branches to margin along veins R., and R4 ;
before the cord cell 1st A extensively darkened, including a
major cloud at and beyond midlength ; veins yellow, clearer in
the ground areas. Venation : Sc2 long, terminating nearly oppo-
site the fork of R2 + 3 + i; vein R± long and sinuous, cell R:, at
margin about one-half more extensive than cell R.2 ; cell 1st M.,
long and narrow, nearly as long as Rs; in-cu more than its
length beyond the fork of M ; cell 2nd A long.

Abdominal tergites chestnut brown, the posterior and lateral
margins narrowly gray, bordered internally by darker ; sternites
more yellowed, the sides infuscated. Male hypopygium with the
tergal lobes small, subtriangular, the tips obtuse with micro-
scopically serrulated margins. Interbase with the free outer arm
unusually short, subequal in length to the enlarged base. Both
dististyles broader than in vicina, especially the inner style.
Aedeagus much stouter, the apex fully three times the diameter
of the interbasal arm ; in vicina the apical third of aedeagus very
slender, subequal to the diameter of the interbasal arm.

HABITAT. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO. Holotypc: J\ Mount
Kinabalu, 5,500 feet, April 10, 1929 (H. M. Pendlebury).

The species is based on material received through an exchange
with the late Dr. Fred W. Edwards who had identified it as being
Eplphragma (Epiphragma) vicina Brunetti, of India (type, a
female, from Sureil, Darjiling District, Eastern Himalayas,
5,000 feet, taken between October 11-31, 1917 by Annandale
and Graveley). Besides the male in my possession it was indi-
cated that further specimens were in the British Museum (Nat-
ural History), these including one male, two females from the
type locality and two males from Kamborangah, 7,200 feet,
taken in March-April 1929.

There is no question of the distinctness of the two species.
The chief differences are in the wing pattern and venation and
in the structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the inter-
base and aedeagus.

Ixxviij KXTOMOLOGICAI. .\K\VS 1()

A Technique for Rearing the Immature Stages
of Tabanidae (Diptera)1

R. H. ROBERTS, Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv.,
USDA, Stoneville, Mississippi

Most species of Tabanidae for which information about the
larval stage is available have been found in semi-aquatic environ-
ments, and one of the principal problems in rearing the immature
stages has been how to simulate such an environment.

Two rearing methods have been employed. Hine (1906)
used jelly glasses that contained sand covered with algae or
leaves of water plants, while others have modified this method by
using material from larval habitats. Marchand (1917) reared
larvae in 7-in. test tubes fitted with 6-in. rolls of filter paper
kept moist by a small amount of water in the bottoms of the
tubes. This method was better since it allowed the larvae to
be observed. However, the tubes needed daily attention to
prevent dessication. Attempts to reduce evaporation by cork-
ing the containers might have caused the larvae to be asphyxi-
ated, especially in smaller vessels.

Roberts and Dicke (1964) described the use of plastic con-
tainers lined with filter paper. They noted a positive thigmo-
tactic response of the larvae, i.e., larvae invariably were located
between the container wall and the filter paper. In addition,
they noted in large larvae, 10 to 15 mm or longer, a greater
mortality because of incomplete ecdysis or a sealing of the anus
by crusted fecal material. These difficulties indicated that, in
nature, both ecdysis and evacuation of the gut are assisted by
the mechanical resistance of the medium to the movement of the
larvae.

Thus, a medium had to be developed in which (1) the larvae
could easily be observed, (2) a wet environment could be
maintained without constant attention, and (3) there was
enough mechanical resistance to aid molting and evacuation of
the gut.

1 In cooperation with the Delta Branch of the Mississippi Agricultural
Experiment Station.

80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

REARING TECHNIQUE. — Two materials were used successfully
in rearing various species of Tabanidae. The first consisted of
glass beads 4, 5, or 6 mm in diameter barely covered with
water. These were satisfactory for larvae 10 mm long or longer
but not for early instars, since these smaller larvae and their
exuviae were extremely difficult to locate in the beads.

The second material was agar. Nutrient bacterial agar, as a
medium and food source, proved unsatisfactory because of the
rapid growth of bacteria. However, agar, which by itself
neither supports bacteria nor serves as a food source, was
used successfully as a larval medium. The most suitable con-
centrations ranged from 0.8 to \%. At less than 0.8% the
medium was too soft to provide sufficient resistance, and above
\% it was too hard. Newly hatched and other small larvae
had difficulty in penetrating the harder medium, whereas large
larvae broke it apart, which seriously interfered with visual
observation. In the 0.8-1 % range, however, the small larvae
were able to penetrate the medium and move easily about in it.
With the larger larvae the medium closed around them and
prevented visual distortion.

Even in plain agar waste materials and excess food supported
bacterial growth, and in order to use the medium for longer
periods, an antibiotic, Panalba®,2 was added. This contains two
parts tetracycline phosphate and one part novobiocin. The
finished agar had 25 ju,g/ml of tetracycline phosphate and 12.5
/tg/ml of novobiocin, and could be used 7-10 days, whereas
untreated agar could be used only 3-5 days before contamination
necessitated transferring the larvae to fresh medium. Recently,
a second antibiotic, Pimafucin®,2 used in conjunction with
Panalba at a concentration of 30^1-0 /ig/ml has extended the life
of the medium to 2-3 weeks.

The present technique consists in rearing the larvae in the
agar medium until they are 15-20 mm long. Then they are
transferred to the glass bead substrate. The pupae are em-

2 Mention of proprietary products does not necessarily imply their
endorsement by the USDA.

Ixxvii]

KX TO MO LOCK A I. .\K\YS

81

bedded in an agar medium in an upright position, with the
thoracic spiracles protruding ahove the surface, a position that
appears to facilitate eclosion.

FIG. 1.

REARING CONTAINERS. — Tahanid larvae are cannibalistic and
must he reared in separate containers. Containers should be
large enough to allow some freedom of movement. A rough
rule of thumb used in the present studies was to select containers
that gave a "crawl" distance equal to at least twice the length of
the larva.

The circular containers used were made of crystal-clear rigid
plastic, 2 in. in diameter and 1J in. deep, with close-fitting snap-
on lids.3 Since the larvae tended to remain near the outer
circumference, a "crawl" distance of about 6 in. was available,
which was more than adequate even for larvae that were 50-60
mm long. Although larger containers were also used, no out-
standing advantage was noted (Fig. 1).

These containers were filled to one-third to two-thirds of
their volume with either agar or glass beads, the amount depend-
ing on the size of the larvae. Several iVm- boles drilled in the
lid allowed for interchange of air. Although not necessary for

•^ Manufactured by Tri-State Plastic Molding Co., Henderson, Ky.

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1966

small larvae, air exchange was needed for larvae 25 mm or
longer, especially when the containers wrere opened and ex-
amined only at two- to three-day intervals. These lids were
not used for larvae under 10 mm long because the larvae were
able to escape.

This technique has been used successfully for nearly 2 years in
rearing larvae of Tab anus lineola Fabricius, T. schwardti
schu'ardti Philip, T. abdominalis Fabricius, T. proximus
Walker, and CJiIorotabanus crepuscularis (Bequaert).

REFERENCES CITED

HIKE, J. S. 1906. Habits and life histories of some flies of the family

Tabanidae. Tech. Series No. 12, Bur. Ent. Bull. 12, pt. II, p. 19-38.
MARCHAND, W. 1917. An improved method of rearing tabanid larvae.

J. Econ. Ent. 10 : 469-72.
ROBERTS, R. H., and R. J. DICKE. 1964. The biology and taxonomy of

some immature nearctic Tabanidae (Diptera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.

57 : 31-40.

Nomenclature Notice

Possible use of plenary powers by the Commission is announced
for: In ARANEAE — (1625) Suppression of Drassus atropos
Walck. 1830. In SIPHONAPTERA — (1618) Neotype for Cerato-
phyllns soricis Dale 1878; (1709) Type species for Monopsyllus
Kolenati 1875 ; Suppression of Ceratophyllus sciuri Kol. 1856,
Monops\llus sciuri Kol. 1857, and Ccratopsyllus monoctcnus
Kol. 1856. In LEPIDOPTERA — (1708) Suppression of Papilio
lintingensis Osbeck 1765. In COLEOPTERA — (1720) Suppres-
sion of Xylcborus Bowdich 1865. In DIPTERA — (1706) Type-
species for Phasia Latr. 1804; (1716) Type-species for Cham-
aemyia Meigen 1803. In HYMENOPTERA — (1710) Type-spe-
cies for Stisus Latr. 1802-1803; (1711) Id. for Diodontus Cur-
tis 1834; (1712) Id. for Trichosis Foerster 1868; (1713) Id.
for Prospaltella Ashmead 1904.

Send comments with case number (given above in parenthe-
sis) to International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature,
c/o British Museum (N. H.), Cromwell Road, London S.W.7,
England. (See Bull. zool. Nomencl. 22, pt. 4.)

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Review

Dobrotworsky, N. V. 1965. THE MOSQUITOES OF VIC-
TORIA. 237 pp. Melbourne University Press ; Xe\v York :
Cambridge University Press, $18.00.

This is a clearly printed and well illustrated (albeit expen-
sive) volume covering the mosquito fauna of this interesting
and ecologically varied corner of Australia. In all, 76 species,
subspecies, and varieties are treated and both adult and larval
characters (where known) are illustrated for each species. The
descriptive material under each taxon includes characters of the
adult male and female, fourth stage larva, biology and distribu-
tion. Keys are given to the adults and, where possible, to
fourth stage larvae.

The introductory sections include brief but clear discussions
of the structure and biology of the adult and immature stages,
the distribution and composition of the mosquito fauna and
their role as disease vectors in Victoria. The endpapers are
illustrated with a map of Victoria, showing topography, average
annual rainfall and tree cover. — SELWYN S. ROBACK

ADVANCES IN PEST CONTROL RESEARCH. Edited by R. L.
Metcalf. Pp. vii + 289. Interscience Publishers, John Wiley
& Sons, New York, London, Sydney, 1965. Price: $11.00. "

Contents : P. C. Kearney et al. on chlorinated aliphatic acids
in soils; P. de Pietri-Tonelli on rogor applied to plants; S. P».
Soloway on biological activity and molecular structure of the
cyclodienes ; A. E. Dimond on natural models for plant chemo-
therapy ; G. P. Georghiou on the genetics of insecticide re-
sistance ; and Tzuru Yamamoto on nictinoids as insecticides.
Indexes and cumulative index for Vols. I— VI.

Snodgrass, R. E. A TEXTBOOK OF ARTHROPOD ANATOMY.
363 pp. (Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, 1952.) Facsimile re-
print by Hafner Publ. Co., New York and London, 1965.
$9.00.

Essig, E. O. A HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGY. 1029 pp.
(The Macmillan Co., 1931.) Facsimile reprint by Hafner
Publ. Co., New York and London, 1965. $16.50.

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All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are
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Membracidae wanted. Purchase or exchange. T. L. Stringfellow,
Military Reservation, Box 11-A, Hudson, Massachusetts.

Buprestidae, Scarabaeidae, and butterflies wanted in exchanges for
beetles and butterflies. Mr. W. van der Starre, 25 Crawley St., Warr-
nambool, Victoria, Australia.

Butterflies of the World wanted in exchange for those of my locality.
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Scoliidae of the Neotropical Region, Africa, or Madagascar wanted
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Wanted. Services of a capable artist to make some drawings of
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Oestridae wanted. Botflies of Nearctic deer, elk, caribou, sheep;
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Planchets, radiation warning signs and labels, dosimeters and other
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Formosan Insects. Large quantities of dried butterflies, moths, beetles,
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Memoirs of the
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With 195 new records, this study increases the known butter-
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

APRIL 1966

Vol. LXXVII No. 4

CONTENTS

Dodge — Sarcophaga ntilis and allies (Dipt.)

Muchmore — A cavernicolous pseudoscorpion 97

Hubbard — Ctenophthalmus cophitnts schmicdcri n. sp. (Siph.) 101

Saetber — Copidosoina nacvia n. sp. (Hym.) 103

Nomenclature Notice 110

Obituary 110

Review 1 1 1

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII APRIL, 1966 No. 4

Sarcophaga utilis Aldrich and Allies
(Diptera, Sarcophagidae)

H. RODNEY DODGE, Department of Entomology,
Washington State University, Pullman l

Previous identifications in this group have been liable to
error, due to the presence of unrecognized new species and
especially to the fact that Townsend himself sunk arisonica
(Townsend) as a synonym of bishoppi Aldrich. Arisonica is a
widespread western species which was unknown to Aldrich
(1916).

I am grateful to the curators of many collections for making
their material available for study. Types and other important
material are to be found in the following collections: The U. S.
National Museum (USNM) ; California Academy of Sciences
(CAS) ; American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) ;
Chicago Museum of Natural History (CMNH) ; University of
Arizona (UAriz) ; University of California, Berkeley (UCalB) ;
University of Kansas (KU) ; Washington State University
(WSU). Various paratypes have been retained in the author's
collection at the latter.

The species, which are merely a well marked group referrable
to Sarcophaga (s.l.)> have been referred to the following
generic names :

1 Scientific Paper No. 2700, College of Agriculture, Washington State
University, Project No. 9043.

(85)

86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

Wohlfahrtiopsis, Townsend, 1917, p. 45 (type Sarcophaga

johnsoni Aldrich). Townsend, 1934 (key); 1937, p. 225

(description).
Sarcabaeophaga, Townsend, 1918, p. 160 (type Sarcophaga

utilis Aldrich). Townsend, 1934 (key) ; 1938, p. 66.
Petrosarcophaga, Townsend, 1919, p. 543 (type P. ari-onica

Townsend). Townsend, 1934 (key) ; 1938, p. 53.
Wohlfahrtiopsis (Scarabaeophaga), Roback, 1954, p. 64.

Diagnosis: Large species with parafacials subequal to width
of clypeus; cheeks broad, 0.30-0.30+ of head height; male front
broad, with strong outer vertical present but no proclinate
frontoorbitals ; vibrissae somewhat above oral margin; proster-
num bare; 4 posterior DC bristles, the discal thoracic bristles
reduced; genital segments red and male hind tibia non-villous
except in johnsoni. Male genitalia with forceps nearly straight.
rather thick, contiguous most of length, often with dense pre-
apical setules on outer margin, tip acute ; accessory plate sub-
triangular, flat, with hooked, blade-shaped, nude and shining-
apical prolongation; claspers subequal in length, usually rather
simple, the posterior without bristle and anterior often with an
internal thorn ; penis 2-segmented, the club large and very com-
plicated, often enclosed in a mucilagenous mass. Female geni-
talia with tergum divided above, the ventral margins broadly
separating to expose the genital sterna (ST 6-7) ; ST 6 with
hind margin concave ; spermatheca unusually elongate, with 7-8
very strong constrictions (Fig. 7).

BIOLOGY

Sarcophaga johnsoni is saprophagous ; very little has been
added to our knowledge of the biology of the other species since
Aldrich (1916). They are evidently parasitic or perhaps scav-
engers in weakened adult scarabaeid beetles. 5*. utilis has been
recorded from 3 genera of Scarabaeidae and from "pinned in-
sects in a box" ; 6". arlzonlca has been reared from a dung
beetle ; S. gcorglana from pitcher plants, Sarracenla species. It
is possible that the latter species still attacks Scarabaeidae, be-

l.xxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87

cause PhyllopJiaga species are commonly trapped by the larger
Sarraccnia; beetles thus trapped might be especially susceptible
to larviposition by the fly.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1. Genitalia black; male hind tibia villous (Coastal, Maine

to Texas) johnsoni Aldrich

Genitalia red ; male hind tibia not villous 2

2. a External characters, male and female 3

b Male genitalia (the male of bceri is unknown) 8

c Male forceps 12

3. Palpi black ; antennae black 4

Palpi red, at least apically 5

4. Costal spine vestigial; parafrontofacials (PFF) gray;

male front 0.28-0.32 of head width (Eastern North

America) utilis Aldrich

Costal spine subequal in length to anterior crossvein ;
PFF yellowish pollinose (Mexico) . .beeri, new species

5. Third antennal segment infuscated to nearly all black,

3x ANT 2; male front 0.26-0.275 of head width

(Texas, Baja Calif, to central Washington)

arizonica (Townsend)

ANT 3 red or reddish, shorter ; male front 0.30-0.36
of head width 6

6. Cheek white haired on posterior half ; ANT 3 is 2—

2.25 X ANT 2 ; male front 0.30-0.32 of head width

(Texas, Mexico) bishoppi Aldrich

Cheek with few or no white hairs before metacephalon ... 7

7. Antenna 3 is 1.75X ANT 2; palpi thickened, especially

in the female ; male front wider than an eye, 0.36-0.37

of head width (Arizona, Texas, Mexico)

kesseli, new species

ANT 3 about 2.25 X ANT 2 and infuscated ; palpi mod-
erately clubbed ; male front 0.3-0.32 of head width
(Georgia, Florida, Alabama) . . .georgiana, new species

8. Posteroapical lobe of penis with strongly ribbed wings

(Figs. 3, 5) 9

Posteroapical lobe with simple, flattened wings (Figs.
1,2,4) 10

9. Posterior clasper with sides parallel on basal 0.75, then

strongly excised to a sharp apex (Fig. 5) ... .arizonica
Posterior clasper uniformly tapered and curved to a
sharp tip (Fig. 3) utilis

88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

10. Claspers both with a strong tooth, that on the anterior

clasper spur-like (Fig. 4) bishoppi

Posterior clasper, at least, not thus toothed 11

11. Posterior clasper excised on apical third of length

(Fig. 2) kesseli

Posterior clasper evenly tapered to apex (Fig. 1)

georgiana

12. Forceps with a strong subapical constriction 13

Forceps not so, evenly tapered subapically 14

13. Constriction extends across the back, thus prominent in

profile ; tip of forceps slightly hooked (Fig. 1) .georgiana
Constriction best seen in posterior view ; tip of forceps
straight (Fig. 4) bishoppi

14. Forceps nude subapically (Fig. 5) arizonica

Forceps nearly uniformly haired to apex . .utilis and kesseli

Sarcophaga (Wohlfahrtiopsis) johnsoni Aldrich

Sarcophaga johnsoni, Aldrich, 1916, pp. 162-5, fig. 75 ; Hallock,

1942, p. 222, figs.
Wohlfahrtiopsis johnsoni, Townsend, 1917, p. 45 ; 1934 (key) ;

1937, p. 225. Roback, 1954, p. 64, figs. 82-84.

Easily recognized by its black genitalia, villous male hind tibia
and restricted habitat. Ranges along the ocean beach from
Maine to Texas; saprophagous in larval stages on dead animal
matter.

Sarcophaga (Scarabaeophaga) utilis Aldrich. Fig. 3

Sarcophaga utilis, Aldrich, 1915, pp. 151-2, fig. ; 1916, pp. 225-7,
fig. 132. Davis, 1919, (host record); Hall, 1929, p. 89;
Knowlton and Janes, 1931 (in error — see arizonica} ; Hallock,
1942, p. 228, figs.

Scarabaeophaga utilia, Townsend, 1918, p. 160; 1934 (key);

1938, p. 66.

Wohlfahrtiopsis utilis, Roback, 1954, p. 64, figs. 87-89.

Distinguished by its wholly black antennae and palpi and gray-
pollinose face, this species ranges widely in the East — Atlanta,
Ga., Baton Rouge, La. and Piano, Texas, to New York (Long
Island, Ithaca, Cotturaugus and Chatauqua Co.), Michigan (Ag.
College, Owosso, Black River), Galesburg, 111., Iowa (Co. #52,
Cl. Creek), Kansas (4 counties) and Atoka Co., Oklahoma.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89

Also recorded from Ontario (Pelee Point), Quebec and Utah.
The latter record cannot be confirmed and doubtless refers to
arizonica, which see.

S. n tilis has been reared from Allorhina nitida and Geotrupes
splendent (Aldrich, 1915, 1916), Phyllophaga spp. (Davis,
1919), and P. fntilis lanccolata and crassissima (Hall, 1929).
This species is not readily taken by fly trap ; most specimens so
taken are males.

Sarcophaga (Scarabaeophaga) beeri, new species

Length 10.5 mm. Very similar to ntilis (antennae and palpi
black) but front broader (0.37 vs. 0.33 of head width at vertex
in female sex) ; face yellowish, palpi more strongly clubbed,
costal spine stronger, vibrissae higher above oral margin and
parafacial wider, nearly equal to the vibrissal span.

Female: Front at narrowest (vertex) 0.37 of head width and
strongly widening to lunule; frontal vitta black, sides parallel,
slightly narrowing below, width 0.5 of front at level of lower
PFRO ; frontal rows 8-10, diverging in last 2 pairs ; PFRO 2 ;
RFRO 1 ; ocellar present ; outer vertical strong ; PFF broad,
yellowish gray, with scattered setules to below lunule, a row of
stronger parafacial hairs ; antennae black, vaguely reddish at
base of ANT 3, which reaches 0.8 to vibrissa, is 2.5 X 1 and 2x
ANT 2; arista long plumose 0.67 to tip, upper row single;
arista whitish for 0.3 of length beyond the basal swelling ;
vibrissa above oral margin, span l.lx width of parafrontal,
index (height above oral margin/span) 0.4; oral margin slightly
protuberant ; cheek black haired, 0.33 of head height ; meta-
cephalon white haired ; ANT axis 0.75, vibrissal axis 0.75 of
head height ; posterior orbits yellowish ; occiput gray, with 3
rows black POC; palpi black, clavate, 1.2x antenna, apical 0.33
strongly swollen and nearly bare.

Thorax gray-pollinose, trivittate. Chaetotaxy: ACR 0:1;
DC 4:4 (last 2 only strong) ; IA 1:2; SA 2:3; HUM 3; NPL
4 ; PAD setuled ; SCUT 2 marginal, no apical, one discal ; PPL
and PST bare ; MTST setuled ; STPL 3, in line ; beret setuled ;

90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

HYPL 7-8; INFSO present. Wing subhyaline, veins brown,
veins 1, 3 and 5 darker; vein 3 setuled 0.33 to crossvein;
posterior crossvein oblique, sinuons ; vein 4 right-angled ; costal
spine subequal to anterior crossvein; costal sections (from base)
20/36/22/43/18/4; basicosta white; epaulet black; squama
white. Legs black; mid femur with 3 A, 3 strong AV, 5 PV
and no comb or streak; hind femur with 7 AD, 5 A, 8 AV, 3
PV ; mid tibia with 3 AD, 1 AV ; hind coxa setuled posteriorly ;
tibial cicatrix small.

Abdomen black, with T 4 partly red above ; a strong, tessel-
lated, gray-pollinose pattern; MM on T 3 ; venter black haired;
sterna 3-5 overlapped by terga and without marginal bristles ;
ST 2 with only bristly hairs. Genital segments red, ordinary,
about as in Fig. 8.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: MEXICO: Puebla 2 mi S. of Cholula, cornfield, 5
July, 1956, R. E. Beer and party (KU).

Sarcophaga (Scarabaeophaga) arizonica (Townsend). Figs.

5-7

Petrosarcophaga arizonica, Townsend, 1919, p. 543.
Petrosarcophaga bishop pi (=ari2onica) in error, Townsend,

1938, p. 53.
Sarcophaga u tills, Knowlton and Janes, 1931, p. 148.

This species is distinct in both sexes by the elongate and infus-
cated to rarely wholly black third antennal segment, fully 3X
ANT 2. From iitilis, to which it is most closely allied through
conformation of the penis, it differs by the red palpi. S. georgi-
ana may resemble it by the infuscated antenna 3, but this segment
is shorter in that species.

Distribution: Ranges widely in the West, from Texas to Baja
Calif, and central Washington. It appears to be restricted to or
is most commonly taken, in desert environments. In support
of this statement, and because it has previously been confused
with other species, I list all localities known to me : ARIZONA :
Bumble Bee, Cameron, Canyon Lake, Chiricahua Mts., Globe,
Kingsman, Oak Creek Canyon, Organ Pipe Cactus Natnl Monu-

Ixxvii I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (M

inent, Prescott, Santa Catalina Mts., Tucson, White Sands,
Yarnell Hill; CALIFORNIA (by Counties): Calaveras (San
Andreas) ; Imperial (Coachella Valley) ; Inyo (Cedar Flat,
Death Valley, Lone Pine, Panamint Mts., Shoshone, Surprise
Canyon, Westgard Pass) ; Kern (Kernville, Onyx) ; Los An-
geles (Desert Springs) ; Riverside (Anza, Box Canyon, Desert
Hot Springs, Hopkins Well, Inclio, Joshua Tree Natnl Monu-
ment, Idyllwild, Magnesia Canyon, Palm Springs, Pinon Flat,
Riverside, San Jacinto Mts., Shaver's Well, Whitewater) ; San
Bernardino (Chubbock, Goffs, Needles, Quail Springs) ; San
Diego (Borego, Borego Springs, Boulevard, Campo, Dulzura,
Jacumba, Julian, La Quinta, Mt. Springs, Yaqui Well) ; COLO-
RADO : Macedonia ; IDAHO : Owyhee Co. and Iron Springs ; NEW
MEXICO : Hidalgo Co. ; NEVADA : Walker Lake, Pyramid Lake ;
TEXAS: El Paso, Alpine; UTAH: Bellevue (USNM), Grand
Co., Logan, St. George, Zion Natnl Park; WASHINGTON:
O'Sullivan Dam (Grant Co.), Columbia Basin Wildlife Reserve
(Othello) ; MEXICO: (all Baja California) : Islas Pardida & San
Estaban (both in Gulf of California), San Felipe.

A Bellevue, Utah record of utilis by Knowlton and Janes
(1931) is certainly in error and must apply to this species, with
host "dung beetle." The specimen on which this record is based
cannot be found at Utah State University and therefore must
be the one in USNM labeled "Bellevue, Utah," without host
data label. It is a male arisonica.

Sarcophaga (Scarabaeophaga) bishoppi Aldrich. Fig. 4

Sacophaga bishoppi, Aldrich, 1916, pp. 258-60, fig. 123.
Petrosarcophaga bishoppi, Townsend, 1934 (key) ; 1938, p. 53.
Wohljahrtiopsis bihoppi, Roback, 1954, p. 64, figs. 85-86.

Distinguished by the short, red third antennal segment and
cheeks partly white-haired, this species is not rare in Texas and
ranges into adjacent Mexico. Aldrich's (1916) Florida record
is in error (see georgiana) ; records and identifications from
various Western states, like Townsend's treatment of arisonica
as a synonym, are also in error.

The spur on the anterior clasper is not restricted to this
species, but is particularly well developed. Fig. 4 shows the
genitalia tilted, to show the spur on the far side.

92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

The Melander paratype male which Aldrich referred to has
the front at narrowest 0.32 and at vertex 0.333 of head width
(not 0.353 at narrowest, as stated) ; antenna 3 is 2x ANT 2.
The holotype has front 0.30 and thorn of anterior clasper slightly
longer, but I believe these differences are intraspecific. A sketch
of the process of the penis of the holotype is included in Fig. 4
because it varies from the specimen illustrated.

A female from Victoria, Texas (USNM) has palpi thicker
than in the male sex; ANT 3 is 2.4 X ANT 2; front 0.37 of
head width at vertex.

Distribution: TEXAS: Crystal City (type), Austin, Browns-
ville, Castroville, Hidalgo Co., San Antonio, Sonora, Uvalde,
Victoria; MEXICO: Ciudad Victoria and Santa Teresa, both
Tamaulipas.

Sarcophaga (Scarabaeophaga) kesseli, new species. Fig. 2

Length 13-14 mm. A gray-pollinose species with antennae
duel palpi red, male front wider than an eye at vertex and
strongly widening ; parafacial wider than vibrissal span ; palpi
greatly swollen. Readily distinguished by the very broad male
front and short ANT 3.

Male: Front at narrowest (vertex) 0.36-0.37 of head width,
at lunule 0.50 ; frontal vitta velvety black, with sides parallel ;
frontal rows 8-9, strongly diverging in lower two pair ; PFRO
none (rarely one) ; RFRO 1 ; ocellar weak; outer vertical 0.8 of
inner; PFF gray, with 3+ scattered rows of hairs, stronger
below and towards the frontal row ; antennae red, ANT 3
reaches 0.84 to vibrissa, 2.5:1 and is 1.7x ANT 2; arista long
plumose 0.7 to tip, the upper rays in a single row ; vibrissae
above oral margin, index 0.45, span subequal to width of para-
facial ; epistoma slightly warped forward, not protuberant ; cheek
black-haired to metacephalon, 0.32 of head height ; ANT axis
0.80, vibrissal axis 0.70 of height ; occiput slightly convex, with 2
rows black POC ; palpi red, clavate, nearly 2x vibrissal span
and apically subequal to width of apex of antenna.

Thorax strongly gray-pollinose, trivittate. Chaetatoxy : ACR

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93

0:1; DC 0:2; IA 1:2; SA 2:3; HUM 3; NPL 4; PAD
setuled; SCUT 2 marginal, 1 apical, 1 discal; PPL 0; PST 0;
STPL 3, in line; beret setuled; INFSO present. Wing sub-
hyaline, veins yellow brown, veins 1, 3 and 5 darker; vein 3
(only) setuled 0.6+ to crossvein; posterior crossvein straight,
oblique ; vein 4 acutely angled ; costal spine minute ; costal sec-
tions 20/33/20/46/15/4; basicosta white; epaulet black; squama
white.

Legs black ; mid femur with 5 A, 4-6 AV, 4 strong PV and no
comb ; hind femur with 7AD, 4 A, 7 AV, 5 PV ; hind tibia not
villous, hind coxa setuled posteriorly ; tibial cicatrix small.

Abdomen black with T 4 mostly or part red, with tessellated,
gray-pollinose pattern ; MM on T 3 ; venter black-haired ; sterna
1-4 uniformly haired, slightly narrowing, ST 5 broadly Y-cleft.
Genital segments red, shining, without bristles ; forceps red,
finely haired, contiguous to apices ; accessory plate red, triangu-
lar, with bare, curved apical blade; claspers subequal in length,
the posterior without bristle, moderately excised apically on
front margin ; penis 2-segmented, the stalk ridged on the back,
distal segment as figured, the posteroapical process not ribbed
on the sides.

l:cinalc: Similar to male, with usual sexual differences; palpi
unusually strongly thickened.

Holotypc male, Bumble Bee, Yavapai Co., ARIZONA, Oct. 12,
1951. E. L. Kessel (CAS). Allotypc, Brewster Co., TEXAS
(Rio Grande), June 13-17, 1908. Mitchell & Cushman
(USNM).

Various paratypes (some retained) as follows: 7 males,
Menard, Tex., 1929 (Gushing) and 1 male, Uvalde, Texas,
P.ish. 6097 (genitalia lost) in USNM ; 1 male, "Gr Can" (Grand
Canyon, Ariz.), July 11. in my collection; 1 male, Marathon,
I'.rcwster Co., Texas (AMNH) ; 2 CAS males: Sheffield, Pecos
Co., Texas, July 24, 1921, C. D. Duncan and MEXICO: 27 mi
SK of Chiuahuah (Arnaud et al.) ; from (KU) a male, Malaga,
N. M. and 3 females from Starr Co., Texas, Sabino Canyon,
Arizona and 15 mi SW of China, N.L., Mexico; from (AMNH)
2 males, Van Horn, Texas and Rodeo, New Mexico ; 1 male.

94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

8 mi S of Canutillo, Dgo., Mexico, Aug. 9, 1951, on fhvs. of
Guard iola tulocarpa, P. D. Hurd (UCB) ; from (UAriz) 1
female, Standfield, Ariz., on cotton and 2 males, Tombstone,
Ariz., July 27, 1955, on Mortonia scaliclla and La Gloria, N.L..
Mexico, May 24, 1948, Nutting Coll.

Sarcophaga (Scarabaeophaga) georgiana, new species. Figs.
1,8

Sarcophaga utilis (partim), Aldrich, 1916, p. 277, last para-
graph.

Sarcophaga bishoppi (partim) , Aldrich, 1916, p. 260 (allotype
and a Georgia male).

Aldrich recognized two males of this species from Theodore
and Kushla, Alabama, as differing from utilis and perhaps
worthy of a varietal name; his Georgia and Florida records of
bishoppi also are georgiana. The male from Theodore, Alabama,
reared from Sarraccnia by Dr. F. M. Jones, remains the only
rearing record, to my knowledge.

Length 9-14 mm. Differs from utilis by the antennae and
palpi red, at least in part, the male forceps in profile with a
subapical notch, the posteroapical process of penis with simple,
unribbed wings. Differs from kesseli by ANT 3 longer and
darker, male front narrower than an eye and posterior clasper
not excised. The description of kesseli applies to this species,
with the following exceptions :

Male: Front 0.30-0.32 (average 0.31 of five) of head width ;
frontal rows 11-12; ANT 3 reddish only at base, reaches 0.85
to vibrissae and is 2.25 X ANT 2 ; parafacial 0.8 of vibrissal
span ; vibrissal index 0.33 ; cheek 0.3 of head height ; palpi red
apically or wholly; numerals 3-4; costal sections 20/30/ IS/33/
14/4; hind femur with 8 AD, 4 A, 9-11 AV, 4 PV ; T 4 usually
narrowly red on hind margin ; forceps with nude, diagonal,
subapical groove, strongest on sides but visible in profile ;
posterior clasper evenly tapered ; penis as figured.

Female: Similar to male, with the usual sexual differences;
front 0.35 of head width ; 2 PFRO ; APS absent ; mid femur

Ixxvii ]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

95

with 4 A, 4 AV, 5 PV ; hind femur with 7 AD, 5 A, 7 AV, 4
PV; femora without modified posterior streak; sternum 2 with
marginal row of 4 bristles ; genitalia as figured.

Holotype: Male, Stone Mountain, GEORGIA, May 17, 1952,
Dodge & Seago, in author's collection. Allotype and 7 male, 4
female paratypes, Moultrie, Ga., Sept. 2 and 9, 1949, H. R.
Dodge ; 14 males, 1 1 females, Tifton, Ga., June and October,

FIGS. 1-5. Lateral view of male genitalia, with enlarged view of the
posteroapical process of the penis (in Figs. 2 and 5 this process is shown
in posterior view). 1, Sarcophaga ycorgiana; 2, S. kesscli; 3, 5". utilis;
4, S. bishoppi; 5, S. arisonica.

FIGS. 6-8. Female genitalia. 6. S. arisonica, ventral view ; 7, same,
spermatheca ; 8, 5". georgiana, posterior view.

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

1896 (from Hough colln. ; 5 at USNM, 6 at CMNH, others in
various collections, including mine) ; 6 males, 2 females, Worth
Co., Ga., May 16, 1951, O. K. Fletcher. Other paratypes, 4
Florida males at (KU) : Fruitville, LaBelle, Likely, Lacoochee ;
in (USNM) : 3 males, Leesburg, Fla., C. H. Curran; 1 female,
Ormond, Fla. (allotype bishoppi) ; male and female in copulo,
Miami, Fla., 7. XI and a female, 26. X, Townsend ; 1 female, Or-
lando, Fla. and a male without genitalia from Lake Placid, Fla.
also the two Alabama males referred to in the first paragraph.

This species may be expected to occur in the Sarracenia
meadows from North Carolina to eastern Texas, but occurs far
from Sarracenia at Miami and Stone Mountain, so is evidently
not dependent upon that plant. The palpi may be red only at the
tip or wholly red ; the wings are quite strongly yellowed in some
specimens.

VARIATIONS IN VENTRAL SETULES OF VEIN 3

This paper was completed and most of the specimens distrib-
uted or not before me when the following observations were
made :

The presence of ventral setules on vein 3 beyond the basal
node is exceptional and rarely mentioned in descriptions. In
my quest for characters common to both sexes such setules, when
they occur, have been assumed to be diagnostic. It is, therefore,
disconcerting that one female of two mated pairs and one of
13 additional males of utilis (Fayetteville, Ark., May 15, 1965)
have ventral setules half way to the anterior crossvein on both
wings, whereas other specimens examined for this character
have none beyond the node. Among 23 (UCalB) specimens of
arisonica, only the basal node is setuled except for a single setule
beyond the node on two (of 46) wings. The only kesseli
examined, the (UCalB) male, has ventral setules on both wings
half way to the crossvein.

REFERENCES

ALDRICH, J. M. 1915. A new Sarcophaga parasite of AUorhlna nitida.
Jour. Econ. Entom. 8: 151, fig.

Lxxvii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 97

. 1916. Surcophaga and allies in North America. Mem. I, Thomas

Say Foundation, Lafayette, Ind., 301 p.
DAVIS, J J. 1919. Contribution to the knowledge of natural enemies

of Phyllophaga. 111. Biol. Surver Bull. 13 : 53-153.
HALL, D. G. 1929. An annotated list of the Sarcophaginae which have

been collected in Kansas. Jour. Kansas Entom. Soc. 2 : 83-90.
HALLOCK, H. C. 1942. The Sarcophaginae of New York, III. Jour.

New York Entom. Soc. 50 : 201-241, figs.
KNOWLTON, G. F. and M. J. JANES. 1931. Notes on some beneficial

Utah Diptera. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters 8 : 148.
ROBACK, S. S. 1954. The evolution and classification of the Sarco-
phaginae. 111. Biol. Monograph 23 (3/4) : 1-181, illus.
TOWNSEXD, C. H. T. 1917. Genera of the Dipterous tribe Sarcophagini.

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 30 : 189-197.
— . 1918 (1917). New genera of Amobiinae. Insector Inscit. Menstr.

5 ( 10-12) : 157-165.
— . 1919. New genera and species of muscoid flies. Proc. U. S. Natnl

Mus. 56 (2301) : 541-592.

— . 1934. Manual of Myiology, Itaquaquecetuba, Brazil, II : 1-289.
-. 1937. Ibid. V : 1-232.
. 1938. Ibid. VI : 1-242.

A Cavernicolous Pseudoscorpion of the Genus
Microcreagris from Southern Tennessee

"\YILLIAM B. MUCHMORE, University of Rochester,
Rochester, New York

The genus Microcreagris is widely represented in the epigeal
fauna of the eastern United States. In addition, three troglobi-
tic species have heen described by Chamberlin (1962) from
caves in Virginia and Alabama. Of these three the most highly
modified is M. valcntinci from Cudjo's Cave, in Lee County,
Virginia [but erroneously located by Chamberlin (p. 350) at
Cumberland Gap, Tennessee]. The present paper describes
another highly modified form, from Nickajack Cave in Marion
County, Tennessee.

98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

Microcreagris nickajackensis, new species

Material: Holotype male (WM 754.01001) collected in
Nickajack Cave, 0.6 mile south of Shellmound Station, Marion
County, Tennessee on 1 August 1964 by R. Horton.

Description: Male: A highly modified troglobitic species of
the genus — eyeless, pale in color and with greatly attenuated
appendages. Carapace about one-third longer than wide, the
greatest width being just behind the "ocular" region; epistome
small and rounded ; no eyes present ; surface smooth dorsally and
becoming finely reticulated on the sides. Carapacal setae 4-6-4-
4-2-6=26.

Abdomen typical. Tergal chaetotaxy 6:6:6:7:8:7:8:7:
8: 6: 6: mm. Genital area typical. Sternal chaetotaxy 7:[(6)
(4)] : (3)T9(T(3):(2)6(2):8:10:9:10:9:9:6:mm.

Chelicera less than two-thirds the length of the carapace; 2.21
times as long as broad. Right palm with six and left palm with
seven setae; fixed finger with a row of 17-19 teeth, of medium
size and pointed at the proximal end but becoming small and
rounded distally ; movable finger with 11-12 teeth, smallest at
the proximal end and becoming larger distally ; galea short,
slender and unbranched ; serrula exterior with about 35 blades ;
serrula interior with about 20 blades; flagellum of eight setae,
of which all but the most proximal one or two are unilaterally
pinnate.

Palps very long and slender ; proportions of the podomeres as
shown in Fig 1 ; placement of the tactile setae of chela as shown
in Fig. 2. Fixed finger with 118 low, rounded, contiguous
teeth; movable finger with 119 similar teeth. Trochanter 2.9,
femur 7.2, tibia (including pedicel) 5.2, chela (without pedicel)
6.0, and hand (without pedicel) 2.2 times as long as broad ;
movable finger 1.95 times as long as hand.

Legs long and slender ; leg I with basifemur 4.9, telofemur 4.0
and tibia 7.2 times as long as deep; leg IV with entire femur
6.0 and tibia 9.3 times as long as deep. Leg IV with a true
tactile seta on telotarsus 0.47 the length of the segment from the
proximal end. Subterminal tarsal setae unequally bifurcated
at about the middle and each branch with several spinules.

Ixxviij

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Measurements (in mm) : Body length 3.44. Carapace 1.02
long, greatest width 0.74. Chelicera 0.63 long by 0.29 broad ;
movable finger 0.43 long. Palpal trochanter 0.75 by 0.26 :
femur 1.69 by 0.24; tibia (with pedicel) 1.52 by 0.29; tibial
pedicel 0.65 by 0.11 ; chela (without pedicel 2.37 by 0.40; chelal
pedicel 0.25 by 0.19; hand 0.84 by 0.38; movable finger 1.63 by
0.14. Leg I : basifemur 0.79 by 0.16; telofemur 0.59 by 0.15 ;
tibia 0.76 by 0.11 ; metatarsus 0.40 by 0.09; telotarsus 0.58 by
0.08. Leg IV : entire femur 1.37 long ; basifemur 0.63 by 0.23 :
telofemur 0.74 by 0.22; tibia 1.27 by 0.14; metatarsus 6.50 by
0.11 ; telotarsus 6.76 by 0.09.

Remarks: This highly modified species most closely resembles
Microcreagris valentinei Chamberlin among other American
forms in the genus. It can, however, be distinguished easily
from M. valentinei by the following combination of characters:

FIGS. 1-2. Microcreagris nickajackensis, n. sp., holotype male.
1. Dorsal view of left palp. 2. Lateral view of right chela.

100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

1 ) 26 setae on the carapace,

2) only seven setae on anterior genital operculum of male,

3) six or seven setae on cheliceral palm,

4) less attenuated palpal podomeres,

5) base of chelal hand more clearly separated from pedicel.

Geographically, the nearest known cavernicolous species of
the genus are M. pcrscphonc Chamberlin and M. pinto Cham-
herlin from caves in Marshall County, Alabama. M. nicka-
jackcnsis has considerably more attenuated appendages than
either of these species and also differs from them in details of
the carapacal and tergal chaetotaxies. Since very little is known
of the epigeal species of Microcreagris in Tennessee and Ala-
bama, nothing can yet be determined about the relations of the
carvernicolous forms to their epigeal ancestors.

LITERATURE CITED

CHAMBERLIN, J. C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions,
principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and
Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida) Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
123(6) : 299-352.

Ctenophthalmus cophurus schmiederi n. ssp.

(Siphonaptera)

C. ANDRESEN HUBBARD, Tigard 23, Oregon ;
Malaria Institute, Amani, Tanzania

High up in the Western Usambara Mountains of northeast
Tanzania 16 miles northwest of Lushoto at the edge of the
great Shume Forest Reserve there lies on the brink of an almost
4,000 ft escarpment a point known as "World View." Here one
can meditate in jungle silence while looking out over the
parched plains below through which the Mkomazi River flows
to water the large masses of game in the Mkomazi Game Re-
serve that lies on the Umba Steppe. Close at hand is the ghost

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101

town of old German Shume, long since dead because, being a
sawmill town, when the primeval forest was cut the town died
and left behind as skeletons the abodes of workers, ranging
from mud huts, and board and bat houses, to the big old German
red brick home of the overseer which is now Shume Rest House.
The elevation here is 6,000 feet, and the land is reforested with
cypress which is not yet old enough to harvest. Here, if
one sits on the veranda of the rest home, on a rock at "World
View," or on a log at the forest edge, and waits quietly a moment
or two, out will bob a medium sized "Chocolate Brown Mouse."
Several of these mice, taken in live traps, were found to be
carrying a new subspecies of Ctenophthalmus copJiurns T. & R.
1913.

Ctenophthalmus cophurus schmiederi n. spp.

The new subspecies differs from both C.c. cophurus and C.c.
Iieniingivayi Hubbard 1963 in the shape and the proportions
of the finger F in the male and the angle of the slant and the
proportion of the parts of the apical outline of the VII sternite
of the female.

Type Data : The holotype male and the allotype female are
mounted on slides bearing the writer's number T2450, dated
May 23, 1965, host listed as Lophurom\s flavopunctatits mar-
yarettae Heller, location as Shume, Loshoto District, TANZANIA,
and deposited * in the Tring Branch of the British Museum.
Bearing the same data are paratypes deposited in U. S. National
Museum and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Description. Modified Segments. Male. Whereas the sides
of the fingers of cophurus and hemingwayi may be close to
parallel in schmiederi the apical portion is expanded until al-
most ham shaped (apically very much broader) and at the

* The types of the first 10 U. S. fleas described by the writer are in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia with paratypes in U. S.
National Museum and British Museum, the next 40 U. S. fleas described
have their types in the U. S. National Museum with paratypes in the
British Museum, and the types of some 25 fleas described from outside
the U. S. are in the British Museum, with paratypes in the U. S. National
Museum.

102

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[April, 1966

Ct"enophthalTnus cophurus X and R.

Allotype

VI I St.

CtenophtKo-lmaS Coplnxru-S Schrniederi H\xkba.r<l

Paratf pe

V>e m i r> a v/ O-Y i

1963

FIG. 1. Ctcnophthalmus cophunts schmicdcri Hubbard 1966,
Ct. c. cophurus J. and R. 1913, Ct. c. hemingwayi 1963.

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 103

extreme apex where the anterior and posterior angle meet there
is a small tip armed with a tiny bristle. Armature otherwise
as in all cophnrus.

Female: VII sternite with apical angle tipped anteriorly more,
the upper hump less prominent, the hook more prominent,
the bay shallower and higher on the margin, making the distance
from the hook to the bottom of the outline greater than in other
cophnrus.

Length : A medium sized flea. Male 2.25 mm. female 3.00
mm.

Remarks: This flea is the representative of the cophunts
group east of Mt. Kilimanjaro, where hemingwayi ranges west
and cophnrus is found in Kenya and Uganda.

This flear bears the name of Dr. Rudolf G. Schmieder, of the
University of Pennsylvania, Editor of Entomological News, and
friend of the writer for 20 years who, through these years, has
published many papers for him on world fleas.

This is the fourteenth flea described by the writer as new
from Tanzania under U. S. National Science Foundation grants
G14023 and GB 1954.

Copidosoma (Litomastix) naevia n. sp.

A New Encyrtinae from Colorado

(Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera)

OLE A. S.ETHER, University of Oslo, Department of Limnology,

Blindern, Norway

The Encyrtid flies help to control aphids, psyllids, coccids and
many other insects injurious to plants. Members of the sub-
genus Litoniasti.v Thomson are parasitic on hemipterous, lepi-
clopterous, and dipterous larvae (Thompson 1875 p. 172, Mayr
1876 p. 682, Mercet 1921 p. 442, Nikol'skaya 1952 p. 432,
Ferriere 1953 pp. 29-30, Peck 1963 pp. 360-369).

During a survey by Dr. Kare Elgmork, Oslo, in upper parts
of North Boulder Creek, Colorado, imagines of a new species.

104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

according to Nikol'skaya (1952), Ferriere (1953) and Erdos &
Nowicky (1955) of the subgenus Litomastix, were occasionally
found. Two female specimens were caught on July 9, 1960,
at a height of about 3,500 m. Six females and one male were
collected on July 13 on the slope of Navajo Peak in the upper-
most part of the creek, between snowbanks, at a height of about
3,800 m (Elgmork & Saether in preparation).

Copidosoma (Litomastix) naevia n. sp.

Female. — Head as wide as deep ; frontovertex at the anterior
ocellus as wide as one half the width of the head ; ocelli in an
obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair separated from the
eye margins by their diameter, from occipital margin by about
three quarters of their diameter; scrobes moderately deep;
mandibles distinctly tridentate, the lower tooth larger (Fig.
1C). Antennae 0.80 mm in length; scape slender; pedicel 2.9
times as long as wide at apex ; club solid, obliquely truncate,
acuminate (Fig. IB). Ratio of length of antennal joints to
each other (radicula, scape, pedicel, 6 funicle segments, club)
: 16 : 52 : 26 : 10 : 10.5 : 1 1 : 1 1 : 10 : 49. Ratio of greatest widths
of antennal segments (same sequence) : = 7 : 10 : 9 : 7.5 : 9 : 10.5 :
11 : 12: 13:15.

Forewings 1.54 mm long by 0.65 mm wide and uniformly
ciliated except the basal third ; submarginal, marginal, stigmal
and postmarginal veins approximately in the ratio of 133 : 9 : 18 :
11 ; submarginal vein with about 13 bristles; below the stigmal
vein 4 spines of the same length as the usual bristles (Fig. IF) ;
stigmal vein cuneiform, with a cluster of 4 round white spots
near apex ; submarginal vein with a constriction at apex. Hind
wings 1.14 mm long by 0.40 mm wide.

Middle tibia with 9 spines at the apex, and with several spines
on the tarsal joints (Fig. 1A). Ratio of lengths of leg segments
(coxa outwards)

front leg — 13 : 18 : 81 : 76 : 16 : 1 1 : 9 : 9 : 16
middle leg— 43 : 17: 124:130: 45 : 14: 11 : 11 : 16
hind leg— 42 : 20 : 110: 130:35: 18: 15:14:19

IxXVli] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105

Spur of middle tibia in same ratio : 37.

Head, axillae, and mesopleurae minutely reticulate (head
more longitudinally reticulate anterior to eyes) ; coxae, tro-
chanters, femora, tibiae except apical and basal, and scape
longitudinally reticulate (coxae less longitudinally than the
other) ; mesoscutum largely reticulate; scutellum coarsely reticu-
late longitudinally ; tegulae minutely reticulate longitudinally.

Abdomen flattened and cordate.

Body black, in general, with a slight brownish tinge on abdo-
men. Head and prescutum with greenish and bluish reflec-
tions ; mesoscutum and tip of scutellum with a greenish reflec-
tion ; scutellum and mesopleurae with a coppery reflection ;
femora and tibiae with greenish and coppery reflections. An-
tennae brownish black. Forewings hyaline with a pale fuscous
clot just below the marginal vein and surrounding the stigmal
vein (Fig. IF). The apex of fore and middle femora, base of
all tibiae, basal two thirds of mesotibial spur and basal two
thirds of first four tarsal joints whitish yellow; apical third of
spur and first four tarsal joints subfuscous ; fifth tarsal joints
fuscous.

Length 1.4-1.8; length of holotype 1.8 mm; width of thorax
of holotype 0.5 mm.

Male. — Head very little wider than deep ; ratio of frontovertex
at the anterior ocellus to width of head as 12.5:27; posterior
pair of ocelli separated from the eye margins by their diameter
and almost touching occipital margin; mandibles as in female,
or perhaps a little more pointed. Antennae 0.85 mm in length ;
shape about as in female. Ratio of lengths of antennal joints to
each other (radicula, scape, 6 funicle segments, club) : = 16:62:
26 : 12 : 13 : 14 : 14 : 14 : 12 : 34. Ratio of greatest width of an-
tennal segments (same sequence) = 6 : 8.5 : 9 : 5.5 : 6.5 : 8 : 8.5 :
9.5 : 11. Bristles of male antennae very little longer than the
female.

Forewings 1.39 mm by 0.57 mm wide; shape as in female;
submarginal, marginal, stigmal, and postmarginal veins approxi-
mately in the ratio of 131:10:18:9; submarginal vein with
about 1 1 bristles.

106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

Middle tibia with 7 spines on the tip. Ratio of lengths of leg
joints :

front leg— 43 : 19 : 62 : 76 : 16 : 1 1 : 9 : 9 : 19
middle leg— 40 : 23 : 100: 116: 32 : 16: 13 : 12 : 19
hind leg— 37:24:96:110:33: 17:15: 13:19

Spur of middle tibia in same ratio 29.

Reticulation as in the female. Coloration as in the female
except that the abdomen is a little more brownish and apex of
fore and middle femora, all tibiae, spurs, and tarsal joints more
yellowish.

Coloration of wings as in the female.

Genitalia (Fig. ID) rather stout.

Length of body 1.49 mm ; width of thorax 0.43 mm.

Holotype, allotypes, and 4 paratypes at the Entomology Re-
search Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.
Ontario ; 3 paratypes in the author's collection.

This new species may be distinguished from all known
European species by the fuscous dot on the forewings and by
the male antenna of which the pedicel is larger than the first
funicular segment. Its size is also greater than the most
European species.

Of the 12 nearctic species presently placed in Copidosonia
Ritz., sensu lato, (Peck 1963 pp. 360-369), 8 species seem to
belong to the subgenus Litomastlv Thomson. Only one of
these species, Copidosonia (Litomasti.v} truncatellum Thomson,
is circumpolar.

C. truncatellum s. str. (Dalm.) (Dalman 1820 pp. 168-169,
Thomson 1875 p. 174, Mayr 1876 pp. 734, 739-740, Mercet 1921
pp. 456-457, Nikol'skaya 1963 p. 424) has no fuscous spot on
the forewings, the male pedicel is shorter than the first funicular
segment, the first funicular segment in the female is as long as
wide, and the female measures only 0.9-1.2 mm in length. This
species, however, is the nearest related of the European species.

C. truncatellum floridana Ashm. (Ashmead 1900 p. 365.
Girault 1916 p. 49) does have the fuscous patch against stigmal

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

107

B

D

FIG. 1. Litomastix naci'ia n. sp.

A. Tarsal joints, apex of tibia and spur of middle leg of female.
B. Antenna of female. C. Mandible of female. D. Genitalia of male.
E. Apex of front tibia of female. F. Veins of forewing of female.

108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

and marginal veins. But the mandibular teeth in the female are
small and subequal, while C. naevia has a long first mandibular
tooth. Its flagellum is not longer than the scape, whereas it
is distinctly longer in C. naevia.

Of the 7 remaining nearctic species belonging to the subgenus
Litomasti.v, namely C. bakeri (How.) (Howard 1898 pp. 237-
238; Girault 1916 pp. 49-50; Snodgrass 1941 pp. 36-37, pi. 8,
figs. F-H), C. cclaena How. (Howard 1885 pp. 11-12), C.
gelechiae How. (Howard 1885 pp. 10-11, 21), C. intermedium
How. (Howard 1885 p. 12), C. koehleri Blanch. (Doutt 1948
pp. 145-148), C. lymani How. (Howard 1907 pp. 102-103),
and C. turni (Pack.) (Howard 1889 pp. 1888-1889), only C.
bakeri is mentioned as having a fuscous patch along the stigmal
vein and the pedicel in male antenna shorter than first funicular
segment (Girault loc. cit.}.

C. bakeri and C. naevia n. sp. both have a long first mandicular
tooth, about same ratio of lengths and widths of joints in female
antennae to each other, and, in contrast to other nearctic species
of Copidosonia, the male antennae are very similar to the female
antennae, only with the funicle joints somewhat longer and
the club shorter. C. bakeri, however, has a minute third man-
dibular tooth in the female and the second tooth over 4 times
the size of the third tooth, while they are subequal in C. naevia ;
the forewings of C. bakeri are lightly infuscated from head of
the submarginal vein distad to the apex, while hyaline in C.
naevia; the abdomen is less pointed and less cordate in C.
bakeri; there are shorter hairs on caulis, and the digiti volsellari
are shorter and pointing backwards (Snodgrass 1941, pi. 8,
figs. F-H). C. bakeri seems, however, to be the nearest
related previously known nearctic species.

C. lymani may also be closely related as the description is
inadequate and the male unknown. It measures only 0.92 mm
in length, however.

The Japanese species L. inaculata Ishii (Ishii 1928 p. 115)
also has a fuscous dot on the forewings. The male is unknown,
the size is only 0.87 mm in the female, and there are only 4
spines on the tip of the middle tibiae. However, this species
also seems closely related with C. naevia n. sp.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am much indebted to Dr. Oswald Peck, Entomology Re-
search Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa,
for his critical reading of the manuscript, and his helpful sugges-
tions for improvement.

REFERENCES

ASHMEAD, W. H. 1900. On the genera of the Chalcid-flies belonging

to the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 22: 323-412.
DALMAN, J. V. 1820. Forsok til uppstallning af Insect-familjen Ptero-

malini, i synnerhet med afseende pa de i Sverige funne arter. K.

svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 41: 123-172, 340-385.
DOUTT, R. L. 1948. Arrenoclavus, a new genus of polyembryonic

Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera). Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 145-148.
ELGMORK, K., and O. A. S.ETHER (in preparation). Distribution of

invertebrates in a high mountain brook in the Colorado Rocky

Mountains.
ERDOS, J., and S. NOVICKY. 1955. Genera Encyrtidarum regionis

palearcticae. Beitr. Ent. 5 : 165-202.
FERRIERE, C. 1953. Encyrtides palearctiques (Hym. Chalcidoidea).

Nouvelle table des genres avec notes et synonymies. Mitt. Schweiz.

Ent. Ges. 26 : 1-45.
GIRAULT, A. A. 1916. New Encyrtidae from North America. Psyche

23 : 41-50.
HOWARD, L. O. 1885. Descriptions of North American Chalcididae from

the collections of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and of Dr.

C. V. Riley, with biological notes. (First paper). Together with

a list of the described North American species of the family. Bull.

U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. 5: 1-47.

— . 1889. The hymenopterous parasites of North American butter-
flies. In: SCUDDER, S. H. The butterflies of the Eastern United

States and Canada with special reference to New England. Private

Press, Cambridge, Mass. 3: 1869-1911.
HOWARD, L. O. 1898. On some parasitic insects of the subfamily

Encyrtinae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 21: 231-248.
— . 1907. A new Canadian species of Copidosoma. Canad. Ent. 39 :

102-103.
ISHII, T. 1928. The Encyrtinae of Japan. Bull. Imp. Agric. Exp. Sta.

Japan 3 : 79-160.
MAYR, G. 1876. Die europaischen Encyrtiden. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.

Wien 25 : 675-778.
MERCET, R. G. 1921. Hymenopteros. Fam. Encirtidos. Fauna Iberica.

Madrid. 732 pp.

110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1966

NIKOL'SKAYA, M. X. 1952. The chalcid fauna of the U.S.S.R. (Chal-
cidoidea). Tabl. anal. Faune U.R.S.S., 44. (1963. Translated from
Russian. Israel Program for scientific translations, Jerusalem, pp.
593).

PECK, O. 1963. A catalogue of the nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta:
Hymenoptera). Canad. Ent, suppl. 30: 1-1092.

SNODGRASS, R. E. 1941. The male genitalia of Hymenoptera. Smith-
sonian Misc. Coll. 99(14) : 1-86.

THOMPSOX, C. G. 1875. Skandinaviens Hymenoptera. 4'e delen inne-
hullande slagtet Pteromahis Svedcrus. Lund. 259 pp.

Nomenclature Notice

Possible use of the plenary powers by the Commission is
announced in connection with the following names, listed In-
case number : 1 564, Neotype for Acarus telarius Linnaeus,
1758 (Acarina). 1722, Suppression of Anopheles africanus
Theobald, 1901 (Diptera). 1725, Removal of homonymy of
CHRYSOPINAE in Neuroptera and Diptera. 1613, Type-species
for Erbula Stal, 1783 (Hemiptera).

Send comments with case number to International Commis-
sion on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o British Museum (N.H.),
Cromwell Road, London S.W. 7, England. (See Bull. zool.
Now cud. 22, pt. 5/6.)

Obituary

In deep sorrow, \ve record the accidental death by
drowning of Dr. Harold J. Grant, Jr., in Trinidad, on
February 27th. Dr. Grant was Curator and Head of the
Department of Entomology of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, Editor of the Transactions of
the American Entomological Society, and Associate Edi-
tor of Entomological News. A biographical memorial
will appear in a later issue of this publication.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 1 1

Review

A HISTORY OF GENETICS. Alfred H. Sturtevant. Harper
and Row, X. Y., 1965, 165 pp. Price: $5.50.

This is a remarkable account of the significant events in the
history of genetics by one of the great figures in genetics.
Sturtevant's first-hand knowledge of the scientific relevance of
each discovery, and in many cases of the individuals responsible
as well, extends to the early part of this century, and it is evi-
dent that in many areas he has not lost touch with current
developments. Where his personal acquaintance is lacking, for
example in discussing Mendel's contributions and the intellec-
tual environment in which they were made, the history is care-
fully researched. The writing is lucid and very concise without
being disjointed. I found only one unclear passage in the
book, the last sentence on p. 125 concerning temperate bacterio-
phages. The sense in which they form a transition to the "infec-
tive agents" responsible for transformation and transduction
seems mysterious.

It must Ite borne in mind that the selection of material and
especially of termination dates of his accounts of the various
areas of genetics is arbitrary. The jacket claims that the his-
tory covers the period up to "about 1950"-— in some cases it is
well before this, and in others after. For instance no mention
of the fundamental experiment of Luria and Delbriich (1943)
is made anywhere in the book, presumably because accounts are
readily available elsewhere. On the other hand, there is refer-
ence to an article by Gibor and Granick in 1964, which is also
accessible. I think this hazy termination of the accounts of
work in various fields detracts from the book and could have
been avoided easily.

Since the book is unique in being Sturtevant's own survey
of genetics, and is authoritative because of his complete mastery
of most of the field, these criticisms are not too serious. — X. R.
KALLENBACH

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

MAY 196ti

Vol. LXXVII No. 5

CONTENTS

Rol iack— Notes on Tanypodinae types ( Dipt. ) 113

McDermott — Apisoma yechae sp. nov. (Col.) 132

Knull — Two new North American Smodicus (Col.) 136

Neel and Gillespie — Leaf mining weevil on tulip tree 139

Abdullah — Anoploplus tuberculatus, with a new subfamily .... 143

Refresher courses at the CDC. 147

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII MAY, 1966 Xo. 5

Notes on Tanypodinae Types in European
Museums (Dipt.: Chironomidae)

SELWYN S. ROBACK, Curator, Department of Limnology.
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

As is the case in many groups of insects, many of the early
descriptions of North American and Greenland species were by
European workers and the types of these repose in the museums
in Europe. Also, the names of many European species have
been applied to North American specimens or used in the North
American literature. In the course of a study of the North
American Tanypodinae,* I found it desirable to go to Europe
and study some of these types. In many cases, I found it
necessary to label previously unrecognized or unlabeled holo-
types or to designate lectotypes from syntypic series. Unfor-
tunately, as is usually the case when old types are examined,
some long used names proved to be synonyms. The synonymy
and type designations are given under each species.

I am deeply indebted to the following individuals for making
the collections at their institutions available to me and for the
help and kindness shown me during my stay at their institutions.

Dr. Paul Freeman, British Museum (N.H.) ; Dr. M. Des-
camps and Dr. T. Tsacas, Paris Natural History Museum ; Dr.
S. L. Tuxen and Dr. L. Lyneborg. University Zoological Mu-
seum, Copenhagen ; Dr. C. Lindroth, Entomological Institute,
Lund University, Sweden. The ownership of a few specimens
from American Institutions listed here is as follows : United

15 The support of the National Science Foundation (Grant GB2719) is
gratefully acknowledged.

(113)

IWU7

114

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[May, 1966

States National Museum (USNM), Canadian National Collec-
tions (CNC), Illinois Natural History Survey (INKS). The
figures are by Mr. Robert Moore, Jr.

In the following descriptions I have used the roman numerals
I-III for the prothoracic — metathoracic legs, T^T-, for the
tarsal segments, LR for leg ratio, AR for antennal ratio. The
thoracic chaetotaxy is as in Curran (1934).

Tanypus punctipennis Meigen

Tanvpus punctipennis Meigen 1818:61, 62
Tan\pus punctipennis (part) Malloch 1915:383
Tan\piis pnncti 'Dennis Edwards 1929:299
Tonvpus punctipennis Sublette 1964:132

Sublette (1964) has noted that most of the New World speci-
mens determined as T. punctipennis Meigen are not that species
but rather T. carinatus or T. neo punctipennis Sublette. I have
examined the Meigen specimen of T. punctipennis at Paris and
it proved to be very close to, if not identical, with T. carinatus
Sublette. Figs. 1-5 compare the genitalic dististyles of Ed-
wards', two U. S., and the Meigen specimen with the holotype
of T. carinatus and Table 1 compares some of their measure-

TABLE 1. Comparison of d" T. punctipennis and T. carinatus specimens

punctipennis

carinatus

Meigen
Type

Edwards
speci-
men

Lake
City
Mich.

Grand
Junction
Mich.

Sask.

Holo

Ontario

Dististvle length

.152

.158

.154

.160

.154

.104

.108

Basistvle length

.260

.270

.250

.290

.263

.196

.196

Carina present

+

small

small

+

+

+

+

\Vimi length

3.6

3.9

3.3

3.3

2.6

2.8

LRI

.76

.81

.79

.80

.81

.86

LRIII

.89

.90

.85

.91

.89

.90

Beard* I

8.0

7.0

7.0

8.0

2-5.0

5.0

Basistyle lobe

+

+

+

+

+

+

All measurements in mm.

* Beard ratio = length of longest hairs divided by tarsal diameter.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115

nients and ratios. There are too few specimens from too few
localities to establish whether T. carinatus is a small form of
T. punctipennis. For the present, I feel they should be retained
as separate species. The Edwards specimens determined as
T. punctipennis agree in general maculation and measurements
but have a smaller carina on the dististyle, Fig. 4 (also see Fig.
7e, Sublette 1964). In the specimen I personally examined
this difference may be an artifact of mounting. The orientation
of the dististyle in the mount and the extent of clearing with
KOH before mounting can affect the apparent size of the carina
and the orientation of the hairs. Of the 3 North American males
which I feel belong to T. punctipennis, one shows a dististyle
similar to Edwards specimens, Fig. 3, while the other two are as
in Meigen's specimen, Fig. 2. I have included these North
American specimens in Table 1.

The detailed history of the Meigen material is not fully clear.
Johannsen (1926) states that some of the Von Winthem mate-
rial in Vienna was said to be determined by Meigen and in
some cases were co-types. I cannot establish, to my satisfac-
tion, whether the Paris specimen and those in Vienna are syn-
typic. In the interest of stability and in the absence of any
evidence clearly establishing a single specimen as holotype, I
feel it is reasonable to assume that they are syntypes and I have
therefore designated the Paris specimens as lectotype of T.
punctipennis.

Lectotype male. — Head brown, lighter around eyes ; pronotum
brown, lighter above; moderately produced above; vittae brown,
highly pollinose ; mesonotal tubercle low and dark ; acrosticals
not discernible ; scutellum light brown ; postnotum black-brown ;
femora with basal three-quarters and apex dark ; base and apex
of tibiae, apex T1( apical half of T2 and T.t_- dark; claws spatu-
late, toothed apically ; 2 long and 2 short spines on base ; em-
podium present about as long as claws; LRI, .76; spur tibia I,
.068 mm with 2 lateral teeth ; beard I about 8 times tarsal diam-
eter; LRI I, .74; spurs tibia II, .079, .049 mm with 3 lateral
teeth each; LRIII, .89; spurs tibia III. .089. .064 mm with 2
lateral teeth each; comb tibia III with 11 bristles; wing, 3.6

116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

mm ; maculation similar to Fig. 7d, Sublette 1964 ; spots slightly
darker ; m-cu, .43 arculus to wing tip ; Cuz about 4 times length
of petiole of Cu; wing moderately haired ; abdomen brown ; ninth
tergite with about 20 hairs on disc ; genitalia brown, Fig. 7 ;
basistyle .260 mm long with a group of larger spines meso-
ventrally, suggesting a lobe; dististyle, Fig. 1, .152 mm with
a distinct internal carina.

Specimens: <§ Allemagne (Paris)

<$ Radwell Harts 15-VI-1917 (Edwards)

(USNM)

$ Lake City, Mich. 25 Aug. 1952 (USNM)
$ Grand Junction, Mich. 15 July 1914 (INKS)

2477
c? Indian Head, Sask, 9-VIII-45 (Sandercock)

(CNC)
J1 Ottawa, Ontario 10-VI-56 (Vockeroth)

(CNC)

Procladius crassinervis (Zetterstedt)

Tanypus crassinervis Zetterstedt 1838:817 (1) (Lyksele)
T any pits crassinervis Staeger 1845:354 (11 J*, 2$$)
Tanypus crassinervis Zetterstedt 1850 :3599
Trichotanypits chorens Andersen 1937:21, 22 (nee. choreits

Meigen)

Trichotanypits choreits Henriksen 1939:68
Trichotanypiis crassinervis Henriksen 1939:68
Procladius crassinervis Sublette and Sublette 1965:149

The type series at Lund consisted of 4 syntypes, one J1
(slightly teneral), 2$$ and one poor specimen with no ab-
domen or wings. I have designated the male as lectotype and
it is so labeled. The specimens determined as this species by
Staeger consist of a J1 and 2 $$ at Copenhagen. Though a
little larger and darker than the Zetterstedt type, they agree in
all essentials, particularly the distinctive structure Fig. 12, of
internal strut 2. The specimens determined as T. chorens by

FIGS. 1-7. Tanypus pitnctipennis Meigen. 1. Dististyle, lectotype,
Paris. 2. Dististyle, Grand Junction, Michigan. 3. Dististyle, Lake City,
Michigan. 4. Dististyle, England, det. Edwards. 6. Genitalia, Grand
Junction, Michigan. 7. Genitalia, lectotype, Paris.

FIG. 5. Tanypus carinatus Sublette, Dististyle, holotype.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

117

118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

Andersen (1937) are identical with the Staeger and Zetterstedt
material. The shape of the heel of the dististyle Figs. 8-10, is
subject to a great deal of variation. Though they superficially
appear different, I have been able, by pressing down on the cover
slip, to convert the shape of Fig. 10, into that of Fig. 8 (T.
crassinervis Zett. ) .

Lectotype male. — Head brown; antennal ratio 2.1 ; pronotum
brown ; vittae black-brown ; humeri and part of supra-alar area
lighter ; numerals 10 ± ; prescutellars 6-7 ; scutellum and post-
notum black brown ; legs brown, base and apex of tibiae darker,
apex of Tt and all T2_5 dark; LRI, .73; tibial spur, .054 mm;
LRII, .64; LRIII, .74; preapical spurs on T^2 of leg III;
comb leg III with 9 filaments ; tibial spurs, .068, .039 mm with
5 and 4 lateral teeth, respectively ; claws toothed apically ; 4 fine
spines at base of each ; empodium as long as claws ; wing, 2.9
mm; r-m, lightly infuscated ; Cu2, 1.36 as long as petiole of
Cu; abdomen dark ; ninth tergite simple with scattered hair ;
genitalia dark, Fig. 11; basistyle, .280; dististyle, .118 mm;
Fig. 8, heel of dististyle, .049 mm ; ratio, dististyle length to heel
length 2.4; strut 2 as in Fig. 12; strut, 3 ovoid.

Variation (Greenland specimens — 2 <$ <$ Andersen, 1 <$
Staeger).

Antennal ratio, 2.5-2.9; LRI, .68-74; LR II, .62; LR III,
.62-.6S; all legs with preapical spurs on T^2 ; pronotals, 15;
supra-alars, 32 ± ; numerals, 13; prescutellars, 6-7; meso-
pleurals, 5; mesosternals, 0; basistyle, Fig. 13, .295-.320 mm;
dististyle, .133-. 152 mm; heel, .054-.064 mm; ratio dististyle
length to heel length, 2.2-2.5, Figs. 9 and 10.

Macropelopia decedens (Walker)

Tanypus decedens Walker 1848:22 (St. Martins Falls, Al-
bany River, Hudson Bay)

Tanypus hirtipennis Loew 1865: 5, nee. Tanypus hirtipennis
Malloch 1915:367 (New Synonym)

FIGS. 8-13. Procladius crassinenis (Zetterstedt). 8. Dististyle, lecto-
type, Lund. 9. Dististyle, det. Staeger, Greenland. 10. Dististyle, det.
chorcits Andersen, Greenland. 11. Genitalia, lectotype. 12. Detail strut
2, Andersen specimen. 13. Genitalia, det. chorcits, Andersen.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

119

..

&j •

13 V

120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

Anatopynia brunnea Roback 1958:2 (New Synonym)

? Macropelopia decedens Fittkau 1962:114

Anatopynia {Macropelopia} decedens Sublette and Sublette

1965:145
Anatopynia (Psectotanypus*) dcna Sublette and Sublette

1965:145

The description of this species indicates that it came from the
above locality and was presented by G. Barnston, Esq. On the
pin with the specimen is a label stating that it was in the collec-
tion under decedens from Barnston but actually came from Chil-
dren's collection. The British Museum accession records state
that it entered the collection in 1840, labeled T. nebulosus and
was bought at Mr. Children's sale. Walker in his description
states that the species is like T. nebulosus and gives the body
length as 2 lines and the wing length as 5 lines. This is an
unusual ratio for a tanypodine male where the body is usually
as long, if not longer, than the wings. The single male in the
British Museum collection lacks the greater part of the abdomen
and the ratio of the residual body to the wings is as in Walker's
description. Inasmuch as Walker was often careless in his ob-
servations and in view of the facts that the specimen was in the
British Museum collections at the time Walker was working,
and was labeled T. nebulosus it seems reasonable to assume that,
in spite of the source discrepancy, this was the specimen Walker
described and therefore the holotype. The assignment of the
donation to Barnston was probably an error on Walker's part.

In spite of the lack of genitalia, the type of T. decedens is
clearly conspecific with T. hirtipennis Loew and A. dena Roback
which are here placed into synonymy. The males assigned by
Malloch (1915) to T. hirtipennis belong in Natarsia Fittkau.

Holotype male. — Body length (abd. 3-8 missing), 2.0 mm;
head brown ; postoculars multiseriate ; pronotum brown ; thorax
light brown ; vittae slightly darker ; mesonotal spur not visible
(specimen is pinned through thorax) ; scutellum light brown;
postnotum dark brown with dorsal hairs ; LR I, .75 ; LR II, .60 ;
spur of tibia I, .122 mm long with about 20 lateral teeth; apex
of tibia I with comb of 12-13 light bristles, .033 mm long;

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121

spurs II, .108 and .087 mm with 20 and 19 lateral teeth respec-
tively ; wing, 4.8 mm ; moderately haired ; r-m, lightly infuscated ;
m^cu, .52 arculus to wing tip; abdomen brown (tergites 1
and 2).

Type in British Museum (N.H.).

Psectrotanypus pictipennis (Zetterstedt) n. comb.

Tanypus pictipennis Zetterstedt 1838:818 (5) (Lapponia?

Groenlandia)

Tanypus pictipennis Staeger 1845 :354
Tanypus pictipennis Zetterstedt 1850:3611
Tanypus pictipennis Henriksen 1939:69
Macropelopia pictipennis Fittkau 1962:114
Anatopvnia (Macropelopia) pictipennis Sublette & Sublette

1965 :145

In Zetterstedt's original description after the initial diagnosis
there is the 5 sign. The description below, however, is of a
Mas. (male). In 1850 he refers to his 1838 specimen as a J1
and also mentions Staeger 's 1845 $. The Zetterstedt collec-
tion at Lund possesses a single male which bears the label "T.
pictipennis <$ gronland." This male is slightly teneral but
agrees with Zetterstedt's original description. Based on this
evidence I feel that this male is the holotype of T. pictipennis
and have so labeled it. The $ sign in the original description
was undoubtedly a manuscript or printer's error.

The female in the Staeger collection at Copenhagen is in good
condition. It agrees in all respects with the Zetterstedt male.
The distinctive wing pattern, only faintly indicated in the male,
is clearly seen in the female, Fig. 24.

Holotype male. — Head brown ; antennal ratio about 3.0 ; pro-
notum brown with 16 pronotal hairs; vittae brown — slightly
reddish ; mesonotum pale brown, lightly pollinose ; dorsocentrals
multiseriate ; humerals, 18; supra-alars 30 + ; postalars, 7-8;
pteropleurals, 1-3; sternopleurals, 12; postnotum dark brown,
dorsally haired; legs pale brown; Leg I incomplete; LRII, .51 ;
tibial spurs, .122, .084 mm with 16 and 15 lateral teeth, re-
spectively; LRIII, .61 ; tibial spurs, .140, .092 mm with 13 and

122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

12 lateral teeth, respectively ; tibia III with comb of 8 bristles ;
claws sharp; pulvilli well developed, wing slightly curled,
about 4.0 mm long; pattern faintly indicated; tn-cu, .47 arculus
to wing tip ; halteres light ; abdomen brown ; ninth tergite bare ;
basistyle, .39 mm; dististyle, .26 mm, Fig. 25; ratio, 1.5.

Female. — Head brown ; antennal flagellum 14-segmented ;
last 5 segments in ratio 12-12-13-14-31 ; postoculars multiseriate
pronotum brown with 7-9 hairs dorsally and 11-13 latero-ven-
trally ; vittae dark red brown ; pollinose ; mesonotal ground color
orange-brown ; numerals numerous ; postalars 6 ; mesopleurals
4 ; mesosternals 7 ; scutellum, postnotum dark orange-brown ;
postnotum haired dorsally ; legs brown ; LRI, .48 ; spur tibia I,
.074 mm with 15 lateral teeth; comb III with 7-8 bristles;
claws and pulvilli as male; wing, 3.8 mm; wing mostly brown
infuscated with light spots, Fig. 24 ; halteres shaft brown ; globe
light ; abdomen dark orange-brown.

Holotype male — Ent. Institutional!, Zool. Inst. Lund.

Female — Universitetets Zoology Museum. Copenhagen.

Apsectrotanypus trifascipennis (Zetterstedt)

Tanypus trifascipennis Zetterstedt 1838:819 (11)
Tanypus trifascipennis Zetterstedt 1850:3618 (26)
Apsectrotanypus trifascipennis Fittkau 1962:143-149

The series of specimens labeled T. trifascipennis Zett. at
Lund consisted of 1 J* and 5 $$. The male bore a black label
indicating that it was collected in 1832 and its data label bore
the legend — T. trifascipennis Zett. <§ Tresunda, Lapp. The
original description lists a male from Tresunda (Lapponica).
In 1850, Zetterstedt refers to this single male, giving full col-
lection data which is in agreement with the aforementioned label
and also mentions 10 $5 collected in 1840. The 5 $5 in the
Lund Entomological Collection bear green labels indicating that
they were collected in 1840. From this data it would appear
that the male at Lund was the only specimen before Zetterstedt
when he wrote the original description and is therefore the
holotype. I have so labeled it. Fittkau (1962) has given a

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123

complete description and figures of this species. The data he
presents are in agreement with the characters of the Holotype.

Natarsia baltimoreus (Macquart) n. comb.

Tanypus baltinwrcns Macquart 1855:15 (Baltimore)
Ablabcsniyia fastuosa Johannsen 1905:153 (New Synonym)
Tanypus hirtipennis Malloch 1915 :367, nee. hirtipennis Loew
1861 (New Synonym)

Most of the specimens I have seen in North American collec-
tions identified as this species were Procladius species. The
type in the Bigot Collection at the British Museum (N.H.)
proved to he a Natarsia. A. fastuosa Joh. and T. hirtipennis
Mall. (nee. Loew) are identical and must fall as synonyms.

Holotype jcmale. — 3.6 mm ; head brown ; postoculars uni-
serial ; pronotum brown ; vittae brown on lighter brown meso-
notum ; mesonotum highly pollinose ; vittae not too distinct ;
pleurae and sternum brown ; 5 hairs on pteropleuron, about 12
laterally on sternum ; supra-alars about 50 ; legs light brown ;
knees darkened; tarsi I, III absent; LR II, .53; spurs of tibia
narrow; apex about one-half spur length; wing, 3.8 mm; r-in.
darkened; costa past R4¥:, ; apex of M below and before wing
tip ; ni-cit, .56 arculus to wing tip ; wing densely haired ; abdo-
men brown ; apical half of tergites highly pollinose.

Thienemannimyia carnea (Fabricius)

Cliironoinus carncus Fabricius 1805 :16
Tanypus carnens Meigen 1818:67
Thienemannimyia carnea Fittkau 1962:187, 188

The type of this species still exists in the Fabrician collection
at Copenhagen. It is, however, incomplete with only the thorax
(pronotum missing), right wing, right legs II, III left leg III
(femur, tibia) remaining. The following notes were made from
this holotype.

Vittae red-brown, not too distinct : scutellum red-brown,
postnotum dark red-brown; legs pale; LRII, .59; LR III, .65;
no brush on T, II; wing, 2.9 mm; wing densely haired; macu-

124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

lation as in Fittkau (1962) pp. 165, Fig. 97; m-cu, .41 arculus
to wing apex.

The specimen of T. carneits in the Meigen material at the
Paris Natural History Museum agrees with the type remnant
and with the description of T. earned in Fittkau (1962). The
aedeagus is as Fig. 108, pp. 171 in Fittkau. This name has
been applied to North American specimens by Johannsen and
others. Fittkau notes that Johannsen's specimens of T. cornea-
belong to Zavrelimyia and has renamed them Z. carneosa. To
date I have not seen any adult specimens from North American
which could be properly assigned to T. carnea.

Thienemannimyia or Rheopelopia unicolor (Walker)

Chironomus unicolor Walker 1848:19 (Nova Scotia)
Chironomus unicolor Johannsen 1926:274 (as synonym of

T. melanops)
Pentaneura unicolor Sublette & Sublette 1965:147 (P. mela-

nops as synonym)

The type of this species is, unfortunately, a female and it
cannot, at present, be placed any closer than genus. It is im-
possible to assign it to a known North American species. From
its distribution it is possibly the female of T. prudcns (Walley).

Female. — Length 3.0 mm; head, thorax, abdomen pale orange-
brown; vittae indistinct, legs pale; fore and hind tarsi missing;
LRII, .56; spurs of leg III, .100 and .067 mm with 9 and 7
lateral teeth, respectively, Fig. 14; comb of tibia III with 8
spurs ; wing, 3.9 mm, unmarked ; apex of 7?4 + r, above apex of M.

Type in British Museum (N.H.). Label on specimen indi-
cates it was identified as type by E. A. Waterhouse.

Conchapelopia melanops (Wiedemann)

Tanypus melanops Wiedemann in Meigen 1818:65
Tanypus melanops Staeger 1840:588 (14)
Tanypus melanops Zetterstedt 1850:3621 (29)
Conchapelopia melanops Fittkau 1862:242-245

This species name like T. carnea has been applied to North
American specimens. To date, however, I have seen no New

IxXVli] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125

World material which is conspecific with the European speci-
mens. As Fittkau (1962) notes, Johannsen's (1946) figure is
from an English specimen determined by Edwards. Fittkau
(1962) has offered an excellent description and figures of C.
mclanops (p. 230, Figs. 166, 167). I have examined the geni-
talia of the specimens determined as T. mclanops in the Staeger
collection at Copenhagen and the Zetterstedt collection at Lund
and they agree with Fittkau's concept.

The specimens labeled T. mclanops in the Meigen Collection
at Paris are a male and three females. The label with the
specimens also bears the notation, = binotata (Wied). Ex-
amination of the male proved that it is indeed Krenopelopia
1'inotata (Wied) rather than C, mclanops (Wied).

Krenopelopia nigropunctata (Staeger)

Tanypus nigropunctatus Staeger 1840:589
Krenopelopia nigropunctata Fittkau 1962:271-273
nee. Tanypus nigropunctatiis Authors (North America)

Fittkau (1962) expressed some doubt as to whether this spe-
cies belonged in Krenopelopia, where he placed it, or in Zav-
relimyia. An examination of the type series at Copenhagen
shows that Fittkau's placement was correct. The extension of
C past Ri + s', the form of the claw, Fig. 20; the tibial spur I,
Fig. 21 ; and the ratio of T"4+5 of leg II all agree with the gen-
eric concept of Krenopelopia.

All the specimens I have seen in North American collections
determined as T. nigropunctatus proved to belong to Zavrelimyia
or Thiencinannimyia.

The type series at Copenhagen, consisted of 2 <$$ and 1 $•
One of the males bearing the label "J1 St." has been designated
as lectotype and is so marked.

Lcctotype male. — 3.2 mm ; head orange-brown ; antennal ratio
1.68; pronotum pale; vittae orange-brown; not too distinct;
scutdltim pale orange-brown ; postnotum brown ; legs pale ;
LR I, .76; spur tibia I, .049 mm with 3 lateral teeth, P"ig. 21 :
I.K II. .64; spurs II, .049, .030 mm with 3 lateral teeth

126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

each; T4 + 0 II with ratio 26-20; LR III, .68 + ; spurs tibia III,
.064 ; .025 mm with 3 and 2 lateral teeth respectively ; coml >
tibia III with 5 bristles ; claw as in Fig. 20 ; pulvilli reduced ;
empodium present ; wing, 2.35 mm ; haired and unmarked ; C
exceeds J^4 + 5 by two-thirds length of m-cit ; m-cu, .46 arculus
to wing apex; R± + 5 ends just behind apex of M; halteres light;
abdomen as in Fig. 23 ; ninth tergite narrow with 3 apical hairs ;
basistyle, .195 mm; dististyle, .148 mm; both light, Fig. 22.

Nilotanypus fimbriatus (Walker) n. comb.

Chironomus fimbriatus Walker 1828: 20 (St. Martins Falls.

Albany River, Hudson Bay )

Pcntancura dub la Johannsen 1946: 286 (nee. dnbia Meigen)
? Nilotanypus spec. America Fittkau 1962: 415 (pupal

exuviae )
Pentaneura fimbriata Sublette and Sublette 1965 : 147

This very small species falls in Nilotanypus Kieffer. It differs
from N. diibia (Meigen) in a lower LRII and in possessing a
distinct lobe on the inner mesal corner of the basistyle, Fig. 17.

Male. — 1.4 mm; head brown, postoculars uniserial ; pronotum
and thorax dark brown; vittae indistinct; LRI, .80; spur tibia I,
.032 mm, Fig. 18 with apparently 2 fine lateral teeth; tarsal
segments 1 and 2 each with 2 preapical spurs; LRII, 1.22; spur,
.038 mm with 3 fine lateral teeth Fig. 19; tarsal segment 1 and
leg II with 2 preapical spurs; wing, 1.2 mm long; R2^ absent;
R±+r> ends half way between the apices of Cu, Cu2 ; costa not past
7?4+5 ; M-Cit; .26 arculus to wing apex ; wing densely haired ;
abdomen wholly brown; basistyle, Fig. 17, .080 mm; dististyle,
.060 mm.

FIG. 14. Rhcopelopia or Thienemannimyia nnicolor (Walker), Spurs
tibia III, holotype.

FIGS. 15-16. Podonomus kicffcri Garrett. 15. Detail dististyle, lecto-
type. 16. Genitalia, lectotype.

FIGS. 17-19. Nilotanypus fimbriatus (Walker). 17. Genitalia, holo-
type. 18. Spur tibia I, holotype. 19. Spur tibia II, holotype.

FIGS. 20-23. Krenopelopia nigropunctata (Staeger). 20. Claw, lecto-
type. 21. Spur tibia I, lectotype. 22. Genitalia, lectotype. 23. Abdomen,
lectotype.

Ixxvii |

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

127

IB

128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

Type in collection of British Museum (N.H.). Label on
specimen indicates it was identified as type by Crosskey.

Ablabesymia pulchripennis (Lundbeck)

Tanypus pulchripennis Lundbeck 1898: 293 (Egedesminde)
T any pus pulchripennis Henriksen 1939 : 69
Ablabesmyia pulchripennis Sublette & Sublette 1965 : 148

The type series in Copenhagen consists of 2<$<$, 7 $2 Syntypes.
I have selected one of the males as Lectotype and it bears my
label so indicating.

Lectotype male. — Head black ; postoculars multiseriate, long
dense and dark ; antennal ratio 3.6 ; pronotum black ; mesonotum
dark; vittae not distinct; dorsocentrals biserial ; numerals 15+ ;
supra-alars 31+ ; postalars 1 ; scutellum black, postnotum black,
no dorsal hairs ; femora completely dark brown ; tibiae with 3
brown rings, Fig. 28 ; area between rings infuscated ; rings not
as contrasting to ground color as in other Ablabesmyia; tarsi 1
and 2 as in Fig. 28 ; T3_5 dark ; claws sharp with 2 short and 2
long basal spines ; pulvilli reduced ; empodimn half claw length ;
LRI, .66; tibial spur, .092 mm; Tx_3 with preapical spur pairs;
beard of leg I about 4.5 times tarsal diameter; LRI I, .65; T^.
with preapical spurs ; tibial spurs, .070, .064 mm with 8 and 7
lateral teeth, respectively; LRIII, .73; preapical spurs on Tj_s ;
tibial spurs, .092, .064 mm ; larger with 8 lateral teeth ; tibial
comb not distinguishable ; wing, 3.9 mm, with typical macula-
tion ; m-cu, .43 from arculus to wing apex ; halteres dark,
abdomen black ; dorsal hairs dense and dark ; genitalia dark ;
basistyle, .330 mm long ; dististyle .245 mm ; spur of dististyle
sharp, Fig. 26, .044 mm long ; aedeagus, Fig. 27 ; blade, .092
mm ; dorsal lobe, .023 mm ; lateral filaments, .053 mm ; ninth
tergite with 2 hairs, one on each side of midline.

FIGS. 24-25. Pscctrotanypus pictipcnnis (Zetterstedt). 24. Wing,
Staeger $. 25. Genitalia, holotype.

FIGS. 26-28. Ablabesmyia pulchripennis (Lundbeck). 26. Detail, apex
of dististyle, lectotype. 27. Genitalia, lectotype. 28. Legs I-III, lectotype.

Ixxvii

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

129

J.I

_ r
• • • ' * ,

S@B :

•L;~~- -T-^'v.'^ ^"^i/

130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

Podonomus kiefferi Garrett

T any pus tibialis Staeger 1845 : 354 (Preoccupied by T. tibialis

Say 1823: 151)

Tanypns tibialis Lundbeck 1898: 294
Tanypus tibialis Henriksen and Lundbeck 1918: 593
Paratanypus kiefferi Garrett 1925 : 8, 9 (New Synonym)
Podonomus peregrinus Edwards 1929 : 296
Podonomus (Paratanypus} kiefferi Edwards 1937: 101
Tanypus tibialis Henriksen 1939: 69

Staeger's original description recorded 6 males. The Staeger
collection at Copenhagen contains two males with Staeger type
labels from "gronland." One of these males lacks the abdomen.
The more nearly perfect specimen, from which a slide mount
was made, has been selected as lectotype and is so marked.
In addition to the Staeger specimens there are 2 $<$ and 1 $
collected in 1889. These are the specimens mentioned by
Lundbeck (1898) and Henriksen and Lundbeck (1918). As
can be seen above the type proved to be a Podonominae, genus
Podonomus. From the published figures and descriptions I
cannot separate P. kiefferi Garrett and P. peregrinus Edwards
from P. stacgeri.

Lectotype male. — Head brown; antennal flagellum 14-seg-
mented; last six segments in ratio 10-10-10-10-42-27; pronotum
brown, reduced ; thorax and abdomen subshining dark brown,
lightly pollinose ; acrosticals present ; dorsocentrals uniserial ;
numerals, 5-7, supra-alars 10; legs brown; LR I, .45; LRII,
.40; LR III, .47; tibia III with two spurs .064, .044 mm; spurs
with fine spines along length, preapical comb with 9 filaments ;
claws spatulate apically with 2 basal filaments ; pulvilli reduced ;
empodium almost to apex of claws ; wing, 2.9 mm, haired ; no
markings; halteres dark; genitalia, Fig. 16; basistyle, .190 mm;
dististyle, .122 mm, Fig. 15.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131

CURRAN, C. H. 1934. The families and genera of North American

Diptera. Ballou Press, New York, N. Y. 512 pp.
EDWARDS, F. W. 1929. British non-biting midges. Trans. Roy. Ent.

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EDWARDS, F. W. 1937. On the European Podonominae (Adult Stage).

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FABRICIUS. 1805. Systema Antliatorum. Brunsvigae. 372 pp.
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Insekten. Akad.-Verlag Berlin. 453 pp.
GARRETT, C. B. D. 1925. Seventy new Diptera. Cranbrook Courier

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HEXRIKSEN, K. L. 1939. A revised list of the insects of Grp'nland.

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— , and W. LUNDBECK. 1918. Conspectus Faunae Groenlandicae pt. 2

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JnnANNSEN, O. A. 1905. Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera II. Bull.

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— . 1926. Notes on the synonymy of some New York State

Chironomidae. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 34 : 273-277.
— . 1946. Revision of the North American species of the genus

Pcntancura. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 54 : 267-288.
LOEW, H. 1865. Diptera American Septentrionalis indigena. Berlin.

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LUNDBECK, W. 1898. Diptera groenlandica. Vid. Med. Nat. For

Kj^benhavn: 236-311.
MACQUART, M. J. 1855. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus.

Libr. Encycl. de Roret. Suppl. 5: 136 pp.
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State Lab. Nat. Hist. 10: 275-543.
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Zweifliigeligen Insekten. Forstman, Aachen : XXXCI-324 pp.
ROBACK, S. S. 1955. The tendipedid fauna of a Massachusetts Cold

Spring. Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 270: 8 pp.
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Nat. Tidsskr. 549-600.

— . 1845. Grplands Antliater. Krojer Nat. Tidsskr. 346-369.
SAY, T. 1823. Description of dipterous insects of the United States.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 3 : 9-54.
SUBLETTE, J. E. 1964. Chironomid midges of California II Tanypodinae,

Podonominae, and Diamesinae, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 115 (3481) :

85-135.

132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

— , and M. S. SUBLETTE. 1965. A catalogue of the Diptera of America

north of Mexico, Family Chironomidae. Agricultural Handbook.

276: 142-181.
WALKER, F. 1848. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the

collection of the British Museum. Vol. 1 : 229 pp.
ZETTERSTEDT, J. W. 1838. Insecta Lapponica Sectio Tertia, Diptera,.

Lipsiae. 477-868.
. 1850. Diptera Scandinaviae, Lund Vol. 9 : 3367-3710.

Aspisoma yechae sp. nov.
(Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

FRANK A. MCDERMOTT, Wilmington, Delaware

The largest described species of the Lampyridae are in the
genera Cratomorphus Motschulsky, Lamprocera Laporte, and
Aspisoma Laporte. Lengths up to 30 mm have been given for
species of Cratomorphus, and a female of C. splendid-its Drury
measured by the writer was 35 mm long. Lamprocera latreillei
Kirby 5 is reported as 13 lines long, about 27.5 mm. Several
species in both of these genera attain 20 to 25 mm. Gorham
(1881, p. 53) said that Aspisoma does not attain the size of
the Cratomorphi, but several species have been described as
being 20 to 23 mm long. Larviform females in other genera,
e.g., Lamprigera, may greatly exceed the lengths for males
given above.

There is at present no comprehensive key to the species of
Aspisoma. The largest species so far described is A. grosswn
Erichson (1847) from Peru, 21-23 mm long, and A. lurid-urn
E. Oliv. (1907) from Brazil, 21 mm long. I have not seen valid
specimens of either of these species but the descriptions and
reported sizes do not agree with the specimens described below.

A collection of twelve Ecuadoran Aspisoma, one a female, has
recently been presented to me by Miss Anne Marie Yech. The
specimens are from 30 to 35 mm long. It appears to be a
previously unrecorded species, which is rather surprising in
view of its conspicuous size, and is described below.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

133

Aspisoma yechae sp. nov.

Holotype Male :

Type locality, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Ecuador.
Specimens collected in July to November, 1965. Altitude 200-
300 meters.

Body outline typical for Aspisoma; elytra broad at base,
widened in lateral margins in basal fourtb, and then narrowing
to apices.

Dimensions, 31.85 mm long (pronotum plus elytra), 14.5 mm
broad at elytral half-length.

FIGS. 1-4. Apisoma yechae sp. nov. 1. Holotype, dorsal view; 2, 3.
Dorsal views of paratype cTc?; 4. Ventral view of allotype ?. All ap-
proximately actual size.

Pronotum 8.4 long, 12.4 mm broad at base. Angles much
rounded. Outline semicircular, with slight emarginations on
each side of apical edge. Base slightly sinuate. All margins re-
flexed, the base only shallowly. Dorsal surface except disk
densely punctate. Disk convex with a subrectangular darker
spot ca. 5.6 X 3.6 mm median in basal half; this spot is irregu-
larly granulate at the angles and finely strigillose in the median
half. Sides dull brownish yellow or light tan color ; no vitreous
spots in anterior portion but with slightly translucent areas
forward of eyes. Villosity short and pale over darker spot,
much less dense on the sides.

134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

Scutellum mainly black, apex paler, hairy; mesonotal plates
dull light brown, hairy.

Elytra 23.45 mm long, each 7.25 mm wide at basal fourth,
narrowing in the wide margins to about 4.3 mm near apex
where rounding to suture begins. Densely rugose, with two or
three indistinct costae on each. Ground color a uniform very
dark brown, nearly black, with a slight purplish tinge. Suture
slightly paler than disk, lateral margins not pale. Villosity short
and scant except on sutural bead.

Head: Frons flat, dark yellow; 8.4 mm across eyes, 1.0 mm
between them above antennal sockets. Eyes very large but not
contiguous ; interocular margins slightly divergent. Mandibles
modified as described by Green (1959). Terminal article of
maxillary palpi black, very large, ca. 1.4 mm long; the first
three articles together ca. 1.0 mm long. Labial palpi securiform,
black. Labrum long, incised medially at edge, not connate with
frons. Mouth parts project forward as a short beak.

Antennae of eleven articles, slightly compressed, 7.6 mm long,
tapering, barely serrate owing to apices of articles being slightly
wider than the bases of the succeeding articles ; villosity very
fine, appressed.

Pro- and mesosterna mainly pink or pinkish ; metasternum
basally pinkish, remainder black, hairy.

Ventral abdominal segment 2 short, pinkish tan color; 3, 4,
and 5 progressively somewhat darker ; 3 the longest and 10.7
mm broad ; 6 and 7 practically black, with small, median, semi-
circular luminous organs ; 8 narrowed at half length, the apex
incised; residual larval luminous organs in basal half. Ab-
dominal spiracles ventral, in the antero-lateral corners of the
segments.

Pygidium basally nearly as broad as the 7th ventral segment,
semicircular and like pronotum emarginate on each side near apex.

Fore and intermediate coxae pale, the posterior pair brown;
femora pale at base, darkening to nearly black distally; tibiae
and tarsi black. Claws relatively short, broad, apically acute.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135

Allotype Female :

Length, 30.1 mm; generally similar to male but with only one
definite luminous organ, on the 6th ventral segment. Antennae
somewhat shorter, 6.9 mm long ; eyes smaller, 5.1 mm across, and
closer together, 0.5 mm between them above antennal sockets.
8th ventral segment short, sinuate, with projecting lateral lobes
and a bilobed median genital projection. Frons dark brown,
vertex slightly concave.

Variations :

The elytra of eleven of the specimens were very dark brown
to nearly black with a slightly purplish tinge ; one was distinctly
paler, the elytra being of nearly the same tan color as the
pronotum. The degree of infuscation of the pronotal spot
varies ; in one specimen this spot was dark yellow. The pink-
color on the ventral thoracic segments is sometimes absent,
and the general color of the venter varies from dark to light tan.
The vertex may be black, this sometimes extending to the
antennal sockets. Occasional specimens are 2 or 3 mm broader
across the base of the pronotum, and noticeably paler sutural and
lateral elytral margins may be present. The antennae vary
from about 6.0 to more than 8.0 mm long. The total length
of the 12 specimens varies from 30.1 to 35.3 mm. The trans-
lucent areas in the forward border of the pronotum may be more
marked than in the holotype. No data on the pattern of the
light emission are available.

The male holotype and female allotype have been deposited in
the U. S. National Museum, with two male paratypes. Eight
paratypes are in my collection, and others are in Miss Yech's
collection.

LITERATURE CITED

ERICHSON, W. F. 1847; Arch. Naturgesch. 1, p. 81.
GORHAM, H. S. 1881 ; Biol. cent.-amer. Ins. Ill, 2, p. 53.
GREEN, J. W. 1959 ; Coleopt. Bull. XIII, p. 89.
OLIVIER, E. 1907. Wytzman's Genera Insect. 53, p. 30.

136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

Two New North American Species of Smodicum
Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

JOSEF N. KNULL, Department of Zoology and Entomology,
The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210

The two following species of Smodicum were attracted to
hlacklight.

Smodicum arizonarium n. sp.

Female. — Elongate, shining light brown throughout.

Head convex, glabrous, with exception of scattered punctures
which are denser back of eyes, long hairs around eyes, eyes sep-
arated by more than combined lengths of antennal segments two
and three; antennae extending to middle of elytra, tapering to-
ward apex, scape stout, rest of segments thinner, clothed with
scattered short pubescence and longer hairs near apex of each
segment.

Pronotum wider than long, widest back of middle, wider at
apex than at base ; anterior margin broadly emarginate ; basal
margin truncate; sides rounded in front, sinuate on apical half,
then broadly rounded and converging to base ; surface flat in
middle, irregularly punctured, punctures more numerous at
sides, a few long hairs on sides. Scutellum rounded in rear,
glabrous.

Elytra at base wider than pronotum, dehiscent at apices ; sides
subparallel, expanded in apical third, apices broadly rounded ;
surface densely, irregularly punctured, punctures larger and
deeper toward base, a few scattered hairs at apices.

Prosternum smooth in middle, densely punctured on sides ;
prosternal process about twice as wide between coxae as length
of second segment of antenna, apex truncate.

Abdomen extending beyond apices of elytra, last sternite as
long as fourth, truncate at apex ; surface smooth with a few
scattered minute punctures, a long hair arising from each punc-
ture. Femora clavate.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137

Length 9 mm ; width 2.4 mm.

Male. — With abdomen not extending beyond apices of elytra,
last sternite shorter than fourth ; antennae slightly thicker ; fe-
mora more strongly clavate; prosternum with a small coarsely
punctate depressed area on each side of middle.

Type female collected in the Chiricahua Mountains 1 mile
south of Portal, Cochise Co., ARIZONA, July 2, 1965 and one
paratype from same area July 5, 1965 by D. J. and J. N. Knull.
Allotype and paratypes collected in same locality June 24, 29,
July 2, 3, 4, all 1965, by J. H. and J. M. Davidson and M. A.
Cazier.

Holotype and paratypes in collection of the author, allotype
and paratypes in collection of Arizona State University.

Smodicum texanum n. sp.

Female. — Elongate, shining light brown throughout.

Head glabrous with irregularly placed coarse punctures, an
obtuse tubercle on front at inside of insertion of antenna, scat-
tered long hairs sparce; eyes separated by combined lengths of
antennal segments two and three; antennae extending to
slightly beyond middle of elytra, tapering toward apex, scape
stout, rest of segments thinner, clothed with scattered short
pubescence and longer hairs near apices of each segment.

Pronotum wider than long, widest back of middle, wider at
apex than at base; anterior margin broadly emarginate; basal
margin truncate; sides divergent from apex to back of middle,
then broadly rounded and converging to base ; surface glabrous,
with coarse, irregular punctures, which are more numerous at
sides, a long hair arising from each puncture. Scutellum
rounded in rear, glabrous.

Elytra at base wider than pronotum, dehiscent at apices ; sides
subparallel, expanded in apical third, apices broadly rounded ;
surface densely irregularly punctured, punctures more numerous
and deeper toward base, with scattered long hairs at sides and
at apices.

Prosternum smooth in middle, coarsely punctured on sides ;

138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

prosternal process as wide between coxae as length of second
antennal segment, apex truncate.

Abdomen extending beyond apices of elytra, last sternite as
long as fourth, truncate at apex ; surface smooth with scattered
minute punctures, each puncture bearing a long hair. Femora
clavate.

Length 9.3 mm ; width 2.3 mm.

Male. — With abdomen not extending beyond apices of elytra,
last sternite shorter than fourth, broadly emarginate ; antennae
slightly longer and thicker ; femora more stoutly clavate ; pro-
sternum with a punctate depressed area on each side of middle.

Type female and allotype collected in Bentsen Rio Grande
Valley State Park, Hidalgo Co., TEXAS, March 29, 1964. Para-
types from the same locality and date, also March 24, 1950 ;
April 4, 11, 1963; April 11, 1964; April 10, 1965. All speci-
mens collected by D. J. and J. N. Knull.

Holotype, allotype and paratypes in collection of the author,
paratypes in Ohio State University Collection.

Both of the above species can be separated from S. parou-
droidcs Bates (1884) which has a trapezoid shaped pronotum
wider in front. S. pacificuni Linsley (1934) has the prosternal
process emarginate at apex.

The three species known from north of Mexico can be sepa-
rated as follows :

1. An obtuse tubercle on front on inside of base of antenna. . . .2
No tubercle present on front on inside of base of an-
tenna, Arizona arizonarium n. sp.

2. Width of prosternal process between coxae less than

length of second antennal segment ; prosternum of
male with large coarsely punctured area on each
side, surrounded by smooth surface. . . .ciicujijonnc (Say)
Width of prosternal process between coxae slightly less
than twice the length of second antennal segment ;
prosternum of male with small finely punctured area,

surface surrounding it punctured, southern Texas

tc.vanum n. sp.

I am indebted to John A. Chemsak for examination of Ari-
zona material and also Mont A. Cazier for loan of specimens.

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139

REFERENCES CITED

BATES, H. W. 1884. Biologia Centralia-America, Insecta, Coleoptera,
suppl. to Longicornia 5 : 249-436.

LINSLEY, E. G. 1934. Notes and descriptions of some Cerambycidae
from the Tres Marias Islands. Pan-Pac. Ent. 10(3) : 107-110.

SAY, T. 1826. Descriptions of new species of coleopterous insects in-
habiting the United States. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5(2) : 237-
284.

Leaf Mining Weevil Damage on the Tulip
Tree in West Virginia 1

W. W. XEEL ~ and W. H. GILLESPIE 3

A leaf mining weevil, Odontopus (Prionomcrus} calccatus
(Say) was noted to cause extensive leaf injury and defoliation
of the tulip tree, also known as the yellow poplar (Liriodcndron
tulipijera'} in West Virginia during June and early July, 1965.
This insect previously considered to be of minor importance
suddenly appeared in extremely large numbers in most counties
bordering the Ohio River and in southwestern counties. The
symptoms varied from complete defoliation of trees to defoliation
of a few top branches. Some trees presented a complete "leaf-
burn" appearance, whereas others had only a few leaves showing
this injury.

This insect, according C. J. Hay, (1965) has caused damage
in eastern Kentucky as early as 1960. Since then it has
increased alarmingly in many parts of Tennessee, Ohio and
West Virginia. Miller has reported that a 1962 outbreak in
Kentucky caused extensive damage to Magnolia grandiflora as
well as Liriodendron, and Bray (1956) noted damage on Sassa-
fras albidmn in the Marblehead, Massachusetts area, while
Whitten (1965) reported heavy infestations on both tulip and

1 Published with the approval of the Director of the West Virginia
University Agricultural Experiment Station as Scientific Paper No. 869.

- Assistant Professor, West Virginia University, Morgantown.

3 Forest Biologist, West Virginia Department of Agriculture,
Charleston.

140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

sussafras trees in the counties of Scioto, Lawrence, and Adams,
Ohio.

FIG. 1. Leaf of Liriodcndron tulipifera affected by feeding of adult
Odontopus (Prinomerus) calceatus (Say).

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

141

In another area, Smith and Weber (1951) reported from
Louisiana that this insect had increased its severity of attack
on both M. grandiflora and M. virginiana.

A plantation of Liriodcndron, 10-15 feet in height, near
Ravenswood, West Virginia, was heavily infested in June,
1965, with four to five adults per branch. Sassafras in the
vicinity was also heavily infested.

EH3HEAVY

IMMODERATE
HFEW TREES

\LKMIW.' I S,,[mt[TMI>

/ __/ / V x

/ffy^'j^'Tu~7 .K A

MAP

OF

WEST VIRGINIA

SHOWING

1965 OCCURRENCE OF
ODONTOPUS CALCEATUS (SAY)

FIG. 2. Occurrence of Odontopus in West Virginia, 1965.

During June and July personnel of the West Virginia oak
wilt aerial detection survey team reported seeing thousands
of affected trees, with yellow or brown leaves, in the south-
western part of the state (Fig. 1). Trees showing typical
symptoms were seen in the vicinity of Charleston in Kanawha
County, west along the Kanawha River to the Ohio River,

142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

and south on a line through Logan to the Kentucky and
Virginia border. Trees most severely affected were in Wayne
and Lincoln Counties. Only scattered trees were noticed in
the eastern part of the general area as contrasted with entire
coves or hillsides showing evidence of this damage in the
western part of this area near the Ohio River.

Small isolated areas, of from one to several infested trees,
were noted to the north and east of the general area in Raleigh,
Fayette, Nicholas, Clay, Calhoun, Webster, Randolph and
Tucker counties, and another infestation occurred along Route
119 between Clendenin, in Kanawha County, and Spencer, in
Roane County, especially around Walton and Gandeeville.

Adult weevils hibernate during the winter and begin appear-
ing early in May. The females start inserting their eggs in
the midrib of leaves of the host tree about the middle of May.
The larvae mine the leaves in groups of 6 to 12 but the damage
that they cause is not very noticeable. Pupation takes place
in the midrib also, and the adults appear the latter part of May
and are present in large numbers during most of June. They
feed for about a week or more on young foliage before aestivat-
ing, and it is their extensive mining and feeding that provides
the chief evidence of tree injury (Fig. 2). (Although the leaf
mining damage appeared conspicuous and serious during the
first part of the season it was hardly discernible by the end of
the growing season). No leaf injury occurs later in the season
because this insect has only one generation per year.

REFERENCE CITED

BLATCHLEY, W. S. and C. W. LERG. 1916. Rhynchophora or weevils

of North America. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis,

Indiana. 322-323.
BRAY, D. F. 1956. A Weevil injurious to sassafras. Scientific Tree

Topics, 2(3) : 15-16.

HAY, C. J. Personal correspondence, July 9, 1965.
MILLER, R. L. Personal correspondence, July 9, 1965.
SMITH, C. E. and J. C. WEBER. 1951. Magnolia leaf miner. La. Expt.

Sta. Ann. Rept. (1950-51) : 80-81.
WRITTEN, R. R. 1965. Forest, ornamental and shade tree insects.

Cooperative Economic Insect Report 15(26) : 680.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143

The taxonomic position of the Australian Anaplo-
pus tuberculatus, with a proposed new sub-
family (Anaplopinae) of the Tenebrioni-
dae, and including remarks on the
family status of the Merycidae
(Coleoptera) 1>2

MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH, 3 Department of Entomology,
Macdonald College of McGill University, P. Q.

Dr. G. F. Gross of the South Australian Museum has kindly
sent me a very interesting beetle with the following data on
the label : "Richmond R., N.S.W., Lea." The specimen turned
out to be a female of Anaplopus tuberculatus Blackburn, 1890.
The genus with its only included species has so far been placed
in the Pedilidae of older authors. The family association did not
seem right to me and consequently the problem was investigated
in detail.

The heteromeroid trochanters coupled with 5-5-4 tarsi in the
beetle establish its affinities in the Heteromera. Ana pi opus
could not be placed in the Anthicidae sensii inihi for a number
of reasons such as the penultimate tarsal segments which are
not lobed below and the shape of the pronotum which is not like
any Anthicid known to me (Fig. 1). After critically examining
the distinguishing features of the families of the Heteromera it
appears to me that Ana pi opus should be placed in the Tene-
brionidae and this action will necessitate modification in the
definition of the family which, however, seems justified under
the circumstances. Like most Tenebrionidae (and unlike Hy-
dromedion and Parahelops) the front coxal cavities are visibly
closed behind. As compared with the Lagriidae, the front coxae
are not projecting and the prosternal intercoxal process is
relatively wide. Unlike the Alleculidae, the tarsal claws are

1 Paper number 48 on the Coleoptera.

- Research assisted by my wife, Mrs. Abida Abdullah, M.Sc.

3 Postdoctorate Fellow of the National Research Council of Canada.

144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1966

simple. Perhaps the most anomalous character for a Tene-
brionid is the lack of connation of the first three visible abdomi-
nal sternites even though the suture between the first and second
visible sternites is less prominent than elsewhere but is never-
theless distinct. I think that Crowson (1955: 125) is right in
making the following statement concerning the Tenebrionidae :
"This is by far the largest Cucujoid family, and its members
tend to be relatively large insects ; on both accounts and from
their generally advanced drought-resistant physiology the
Tenebrionids are entitled to be regarded as the most highly
evolved family of Cucujoidea." It seems to me that the
Tenebrionidae should have evolved from a primitive heteromeran
type where all the visible abdominal sternites were freely articu-
lated and that the character is preserved in Anaplopus and lost in
most other Tenebrionids. When the definition of the family is
modified to include forms like Anaplopus which lack the conna-
tion of the first three visible abdominal sternites then we have
no difficulty in placing in this family the New Zealand genera
Chalcodrya, Philpottia and Onysius hitherto wrongly attributed
to the Melandryidae (vide Crowson, 1955: 133).

The met-endosternite (Fig. 3) of Anaplopus is very interest-
ing indeed. Outside the Cucujoidea one could compare the
structure with the Melyrid Danacaea pallipes (Cleroidea) but it
is highly improbable that this similarity alone could suggest
affinities between the two groups. It should be noted that as in
Tribolium the stalk is rather short and the anterior tendons
arise on the lateral arms — characters which seem to be primitive
for the Tenebrionidae. The met-endosternite of the Australian
Meryx is rather similar to Anaplopus and I doubt if Crowson
(1955 : 121) was right in placing the former in a distinct family
Merycidae. The 4-4-4 tarsal formula of Meryx could be derived
from the 5-5-4 formula of most Tenebrionidae. The sub-Cubital
fleck in its wings is not necessarily a Colydiid-Mycetophagid
character as I recall noticing the structure in Cryphacus when
working on the immature stages of a South Indian species
(Abdullah, 1964). I have examined a larva of Meryx at
Glasgow University and can add that the mandible of the larva

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

145

•

FIG. 1. Anaplopus tuberculatus Blackburn, female. One division
the scale = 1 mm. (University of Reading photograph.)

on

is unlike the Colydiidae-Mycetophagidae. The family Merycidae
of Crowson does not seem justified to me.

In the hind wing (Fie. 2) the absence of a radial or anal cell
need not be a primitive feature of the Tenebrionidae and may be
a reflection of the comparatively small size (about 6 mm) of the
beetle. However, the possibility could not be ruled out that in

146

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[May, 1966

this feature Anaplopus is specialized. Similarly the presence of
tubercles on the elytra and pronotum is undoubtedly a derivative
feature.

FIGS. 2-4. Anaplopus tiibcrculatus Blackburn, female: 2, hind wing;
3, met-endosternite ; 4, ovipositor.

The ovipositor (Fig. 4) is essentially long and tubular but
comparatively shorter than in other Tenebrionidae. The coxites
are two-segmented as in some other Tenebrionids but most of
them have a non-segmented coxite. In the Anthicidae, it could
be said with confidence that the presence of two-segmented
coxites is a primitive feature which could be traced back to some
primitive Pyrochroidae as well. This may very well be the case
here in the Tenebrionidae but I am not sure.

The antennae are essentially filiform even though the apical
three segments are slightly thickened (Fig. 1). The eyes are
convex, lateral and entire, and the width of the head across

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147

them is slightly more than that of pronotum at its widest part.
The pronotum is not bordered. In these characters also
Anaplopus is rather different from most other Tenebrionidae.

It is certain that Anaplopus should be transferred from the
Anthicidae to the Tenebrionidae where it could not be placed in
any of the existing subfamilies. A new subfamily ANA-
PLOPINAE is proposed to receive Anaplopus Blackburn, 1890
and its type-species A. tuberculatus Blackburn, 1890. The
distinguishing feature of the Anaplopinae is the absence of
connation in the first three visible abdominal sternites. It may
be possible to divide this subfamily into two or more tribes if
some of the New Zealand genera mentioned earlier are found
to l>e quite distinct from Anaplopus in the met-endosternite,
wing-venation, ovipositor, etc. The larva of Anaplopus should
also be very useful in understanding the relationships of the
Tenebrionidae.

REFERENCES

ABDULLAH, M. 1964. The immature stages of a South Indian Cryphaeus
(Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. London (A) 39:
153-156.

CROWSON, R. A. 1955. The natural classification of the families of
Coleoptera. viii + 187 pp. London.

Refresher Courses

The Laboratory Branch of the Communicable Disease Center.
U. S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, has an-
nounced a series of courses in special subdivisions of microbiol-
ogy for the period Aug. 1, 1966-June 30, 1967. There are 28
courses, each of from one to four weeks duration. Further in-
formation and application forms may be obtained by writing to
the Training Office of the Laboratory Branch.

Entomologist's Market Place

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Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free

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All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are
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the top are discontinued.

Wanted. Services of a capable artist to make some drawings of
Scoliidae. J. Chester Bradley, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca,
N. Y., 14850.

Oestridae wanted. Botflies of Nearctic deer, elk, caribou, sheep ;
African and European mammals, larvae and adult. Purchase or exchange
for Diptera, Coleoptera. Kenneth J. Capelle, Box 459, Brigham City,
Utah 84302.

Planchets, radiation warning signs and labels, dosimeters and other
isotope-lab accessories. New catalogue free on request. Nuclear Supply
and Service Co., 422 Wash. Bldg., Wash. 5, D. C.

Formosan Insects. Large quantities of dried butterflies, moths, beetles,
cicadas, dragonflies, mantis, grasshoppers, bees, spiders, etc., Rare and
common species, aberrations and sex mosaics for sale. Taiwan Novelty
Co., P. O. Box 860, Taipei, Formosa.

Buprestidae. Neotrop. Antlia-via, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini
pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange
for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'y, Univ. of
Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104.

Ants of fnsca and neoformica groups wanted for revision (study or
exchange) pref. nest series with £ & $. Andre Francoer, Biology Dept,
Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada.

Ants of gen. Myrmica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref.
nest series with c? & ?. Rene Beique, Biology Dept., Laval Univ.,
Quebec 10, Canada.

Memoirs of the
American Entomological Society

An irregular serial, containing monographic pa-
pers by students of authority in their respective
subjects. Seventeen numbers have been published
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

JIM; 1966

Vol. LXXVII No. 6

CONTENTS

Slifer — A gynandromorph grasshopper that laid eggs 149

Neheker and Gaufin — Gynandromorphism in stoneflies (Plec.) 156

Books 158

Xickle — A new species of Montesuniina and M. bradleyi (Orth.) 159

Weber — -Subgenns Cvphoinannia of C\<phoin\nne.r reinstated

(Hym.) ' ." 166

Roback — Immature stages of Stictochironomus anniilicrus

(Dipt.) 169

McDermott — Photuris lloydi sp. nov. (Col.) 173

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Photomicrographs of gynandromorph of Melanoplus differentialis.

FIG. 1. Left (male) side of gynandromorph. Note well-developed
cercus at posterior end. X 1.8.

FIG. 2. Dorsal view of posterior end of abdomen. Note boot-shaped
male cercus at left (arrow) and small female cercus barely visible at
right; suranal plate shows both median (male) and transverse (female)
furrows. Left basal quadrant of plate is darker and more heavily
sclerotized than rest. Compare male pigment pattern on left side of
tergum VIII with female pattern on right. X 4.4.

FIG. 3. Ventral view of posterior end of abdomen. Sternum VIII
normal for male on left (right side of figure) and for female on right

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII JUNE, 1966 No. 6

A Gynandromorph Grasshopper that Laid Eggs
(Orthoptera, Acrididae) 1

ELEANOR H. SLiFER,2 Department of Entomology, Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

There are at least 15 reports in the literature of acridid
gynandromorphs (Baccetti, 1954, Podisma pedestris; Carothers,
1939, FI from Trimerotropis citrina J1 X T. maritima $; Dirsh,
1957, Schistocerca gregaria, Sphingonotus caerulans; Friauf,
1947, Pardalophora phoenicoptcra, Camnula pcllucida; Hebard,
1919, Oedaleonotus phryneicus; Hubbell, 1932, Mela.no plus
adchgyrus; Joly, 1960, Locusta migratoria; Kimura, 1951,
O.\-ya velox ; Morales Agacino, 1959, Schistocerca paranensis;
Xatori, 1931, Podisma sapporoense; Paul, 1941, Camnula pellu-
cida; Pener, 1964, Schistocerca gregaria; Potter, 1940,
Anacridium moestum; Severin, 1943, 1955, two individuals of
Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus). Of the eighteen individuals

1 This work was begun at the Department of Zoology, State University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa and completed at the Academy of Natural
Sciences in Philadelphia. It was supported in part by a grant from the
National Science Foundation GB-4553.

L> Mail address : 308 Lismore Avenue, Glenside, Penna. 19038.

(left side of figure). Female side (= subgenital plate) with lower egg
guide. Male subgenital plate (sternum IX) with basal portions reduced
but posterior end normal. Note dorsal and ventral ovipositor valves of
female. X 4.4.

FIG. 4. Left lateral view of posterior end of abdomen. All parts
normal for male except basal part of subgenital plate which is defective.
Ventral ovipositor valve on opposite side visible at lower right. C 4.4.

FIG. 5. Right lateral view of posterior end of abdomen. All parts
normal for female. Arrow points to base of cercus. Distal part of male
subgenital plate on opposite side visible between the open ovipositor valves.

4.4.

(149)

JUKI?

150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ June, 1966

studied 12 are described as having the external features of a
normal male with some female or female-like structures at the
posterior end and, in a few cases, elsewhere as well ; two are
listed as entirely male externally; one was a normal female
except for the mesosternum and terminal abdominal segments :
two were bilateral gynandromorphs and one was an intersex
showing sexual bilaterality and mosaicism. Most of the individ-
uals had been dried but seven had been fixed and the internal
organs examined. Carothers (1939) found a normal ovary with
fully-developed eggs and an oviduct on the right side of her
gynandromorph but no trace of a gonad or other reproductive
organs on the left. Dirsh (1957) reported a small deformed
ovary on the left with male accessory glands and a seminal
vesicle on the right but no testis. Joly (1960) described an
ovary with young oocytes and a poorly-developed oviduct on
the left side of his specimen, together with a normal testis and
duct on the right. Kimura (1951) reports the presence of four
young oocytes in a testis smear. Natori (1931) described an
ovo-testis with follicles showing all stages of spermatogenesis
along with ovarioles containing oocytes up to 250 ^ in length.
Both gynandromorphs examined by Pener (1964) had ovaries
but no testes. Potter's (1940) gynandromorph had a nor-
mal testis and accessory glands together with a normal vas
deferens on the left and an incomplete one on the right. There
was no outlet for the sperm. The only internal female organ
was the spermatheca.

The gynandromorph to be discussed here was found in a
colony of Melanoplus diffcrcntialis (Thomas) kept at the State
University of Iowa while the author, together with Dr. Robert
L. King, was studying the inheritance of diapause in the eggs
of this species. This individual was first seen as a young
adult and was transferred immediately to a separate cage.
Several weeks later a small egg pod was found in the bottom of
the cage. This was removed to an incubator. The grass-
hopper, although still alive, seemed very weak and was killed
by injection of Benin's solution into the abdomen. The later
history of the eggs will be given below.

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151

EXTERNAL ANATOMY

The specimen is a bilateral gynandromorph with the left side
showing normal male structures, except for a few areas, and the
right side those of a normal female (Fig. 1 ). The division down
the mid-line is clear cut and there is relatively little distortion
where the two halves meet. The abdomen is curved to the
right since the female half is longer than the male half (Fig. 2).
The more extensible intersegmental and pleural membranes of
the female were stretched by the mass of eggs.

Both antennae have 24 subsegments but the left antenna is
slightly longer than the right. The left gena is shorter than
that on the opposite side and the left lateral ocellus is closer
to the antennal base than is the right. These features indicate
that the left side of the head is male and the right female.

Evidence for sexual bilaterality of the thorax is provided by
the femora, arolia and claws of the prothoracic and meso-
thoracic legs. Those on the left side are distinctly larger and
sturdier than are those on the right. Normal males and females
show such a difference.

The pigmentation pattern of the abdomen is normally very
different in the two sexes and that on the left side of the speci-
men is typically male and that on the right female. The special-
ized "heat-sensitive" spots or fenestrae differ markedly in the
two sexes and provide a valuable means of distinguishing male
and female parts of the abdominal terga (Slifer 1953a, 1953b).
None are present on the first abdominal segment. However,
they are present on terga II to VIII on the left side and terga
II to VII on the right. Except for the lack of fenestrae on
tergum I this is the distribution found earlier for the two sexes
of this species. On segments II, III and IV the spots are of
nearly the same size on the two sides but on terga V, VI and
VII those on the left side are large, as are those of a normal
male, while those on the right are small and typically female
(Fig. 6). The fenestra on the left side of tergum VIII is two
thirds the length of that on VII.

The anterior tergal ridges of the abdomen are well-developed
on each segment from III to VIII on the left or male side but

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

stop abruptly in the dorsal mid-line and are absent posterior to
segment V on the right or female side. The ridges are sexually
dimorphic in this species. The outline of the suranal plate or
epiproct is typically male on the left side and female on the
right. However, the median furrow, a male character, is
present and the transverse furrow, a female character, extends
across the entire plate from left to right (Fig. 2). The basal
quarter of the plate on the left is more heavily sclerotized than
it is elsewhere. Thus, the suranal plate combines features from
both sexes but is not intermediate. The left cercus is boot-
shaped and completely normal for a male while the right is short,
conical and typically female ('Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5). On the left side
the male subgenital plate (sternum IX) is about one third of
its usual length and the basal part is missing (Figs. 3, 4). The
pallium is well-developed and extends somewhat to the right of
the mid-line. No trace of an aedeagus could be found. The
right or female side of the terminal abdominal segments is en-
tirely normal in appearance (Fig. 5). Both dorsal and ventral
ovipositor valves are present. The female subgenital plate
(sternum VIII) extends slightly beyond the mid-line and the
lower egg guide is present at its apex (Fig. 3) .

INTERNAL ANATOMY

Removal of the dorsal abdominal wall revealed a large right
ovary and oviduct both normal in appearance. The ovary con-
tained eggs in all stages of development including some with a
chorion and nearly ready to be laid. The right oviduct opened
into the median oviduct and this into the floor of the genital
chamber in the usual manner. A glandular pouch was at-
tached to the anterior end of the genital chamber on its right
side. The left third of the genital chamber was missing. The
right ovipositor apodeme was large and covered with muscles
but there was none on the left. A normal spermatheca lay
above the genital chamber and its duct opened into the roof of
the chamber. This was sectioned and stained. As was to be
expected, it contained no sperm but was otherwise normal.
The genital chamber opened to the exterior at its posterior end.

Ixxvii j

K X TO M 0 LOG I C A I, X E \Y S

153

None of the structures just described was present on tin-
left side. There was no trace of a testis, vas deferens, ac-
cessory glands, seminal vesicle, endophallus or aedeagus. An
apodeme was present on the left side of the eighth sternum but
there was none on the right. This is a usual sex difference.
After treatment with a solution of potassium hydroxide two
small sclerotized bars were found in the membrane extending
inwards from the pallium. These may represent rudiments of
an epiphallus. The anterior intervalvula between the dorsal
and ventral ovipositor valves was normal. The right inter-
valvular plates were present but those on the left were rudi-
mentary.

VI

VII

FIG. 6. Outline drawings of "heat-sensitive areas" or fenestrae on
abdominal terga V, VI and VII as seen in dorsal view. Those on the
left are typically male in size and shape and those on the right typically
female.

154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

EGGS LAID BY THE GYNANDROMORPH

So far as we know, this is the first report of egg-laying by a
gynandromorph grasshopper. Since the event was unexpected
the individual was isolated shortly after becoming adult and so
there was no chance for the eggs to be fertilized. Unfertilized
eggs of this species often start to develop but embryonic ab-
normalities are common and only a few of the eggs reach the
hatching stage (King and Slifer, 1934). The 52 eggs in the
pod, which was laid April 17th, were kept in an incubator at 25°
C for several weeks and then placed in a refrigerator until Sep-
tember. They were then returned to 25° C and on September
23rd one of the eggs hatched. Unfortunately this individual
tore a hole in its side while hatching and had to be preserved.
Since none of the remaining eggs appeared to contain embryos
all were fixed. Later these were stained with borax carmine and
examined with the following results. Two had a well-developed
chitinous cuticle indicating that development had continued for
at least a week. In one of these there was a serosa with large,
normal nuclei in its cells. In the other no cells remained al-
though a serosa must have been present earlier to secrete the
cuticle. Presumably, the cells had disintegrated. The remain-
ing eggs showed no signs of development.

POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF THE GYNANDROMORPH

When all of the evidence is considered the simplest explana-
tion would be that this individual started development as a
female and during a very early mitotic division an X chromosome
was lost from a cell from which the greater part of the left side
developed. This would not account for the absence of the male
internal reproductive organs. Natori (1931) reported an ovo-
testis with normal eggs and sperm existing side by side in a
Podisma nymph so we may assume that the female organs
present in our specimen did not suppress the male organs. Thus
it would be necessary to postulate a second error at a later
stage of development which resulted in the elimination of the
cells from which the testis and associated organs would have

Ixxvii] KXTOMOI.OCICAl. NKWS 155

developed. This is not as improbable as it may appear for the
writer has frequently found embryos and nymphs of this species
in which whole areas, external, internal or both, were missing.
The absence of male gonadal tissue does not affect the viability
of the individual or the development of male external sexual
structures.

LITERATURE CITED

BACCETTI, B. 1954. Su un caso di ginandromorfismo in Podisina pcdcstris
L. (Orth. Catant.) Redia 39: 401-411.

CAROTHERS, E. E. 1939. A hybrid acridian gynandromorph. Genetics
24 : 97.

DIRSH, V. M. 1957. Two cases of gynandromorphism in Acrididac
(Orthoptera). Entom. Month. Mag. 93: 193-194.

FRIAUF, J. J. 1947. Notes on two orthopteran gynandromorphs. Occas.
Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan No. 501 : 8 pp.

HEBARD, M. 1919. New genera and species of Melanopli found within
the United States (Orthoptera; Acrididae). Trans. Amer. Entom.
Soc. 45 : 257-298.

HUBBELL, T. H. 1932. A revision of the puer group of the North
American genus Alclanofltts, with remarks on the taxonomic value
of the concealed male genitalia in the Cyrtacanthacrinae (Orthoptera,
Acrididae). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan. No. 23: 73 pp.

JOLY, P. 1960. Un cas de gynandromorphisme chez Locnsta tniyratoria
L. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 84: 407-410.

KIMURA, Y. 1951. Spontaneous occurrence of testis ova in a grass-
hopper, O.rja tr/o.r. Zool. Mag. Tokyo 60: 213-215. Japanese with
English summary.

KIXG, R. L. and E. H. SLIFER. 1934. Insect development. VIII.
Maturation and early development of unfertilized grasshopper eggs.
Jour. Morph. 56: 603-619.

MORALES AGACINO, E. 1957. The abdominal morphology of a gynandro-
morph of Schistocerca paranensis (Btirm.). (Orthoptera: Acrididae).
Proc. Roy. Entom. Soc. London (A) 32: 169-170.

X. \TORI, B. 1931. On an ovo-testis found in a larva of locust, Podisina
sapporocnsc Shiraki. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 12 : 1-5.

PAUL, L. C. 1941. Intersexuality in Caiiuntla fcllucida Scudder (Orthop-
tera). Can. Entnm. 73: 195-1"<>.

PENER, M. P. 1964. Two gynandromorphs of Schistocerca yrcgaria
Forskal (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) : Morphology and behaviour.
Proc. Roy. Entom. Soc. London (A) 39: 87-100.

POTTER, E. 1040. A gynandromorph specimen of Anacridiitm iiwesfitin
(Serv.). Orthoptera, Acrididae. Proc. Roy. Entom. Soc. London
(A) 15; 4i_46.

156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

SEVERIN, H. C. 1943. A study of a gynandromorph of Melanoplus

mexlcanus mc.vicanus (Sauss.) (Orthoptera). Jour. N. Y. Entom.

Soc. 51 : 179-182.
— . 1955. A gynandromorph of Mclanoplus mc.vicanus mexicamis

(Saussure) extreme migratory phase (Orthoptera : Acrididae).

Psyche 62: 104-107.
SLIFER, E. H. 1953a. The pattern of specialized heat-sensitive areas on

the surface of the body of Acrididae (Orthoptera). Part I. The

Males. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 79 : 37-68.
— . 1953b. The pattern of specialized heat-sensitive areas on the

surface of the body of Acrididae (Orthoptera). Part II. The

females. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 79 : 69-97.

Gynandromorphism in Rocky Mountain Stone-
flies (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) 1

ALAN V. NEBEKER and ARDEN R. GAUFIN, University of Utah,

Salt Lake City, Utah

The occurrence of gynandromorphism (individuals exhihit-
ing a spatial mosaic of male and female characteristics) is rare
in the order Plecoptera. The specimens here descrihed are
the first such forms found during stonefly research at the
University of Utah.

Five specimens exhibiting gynandromorphism were found in
two different species : two Nciiioura cinctipcs and three
Nemo-itra besaiuetsa. The genus Nemoura is one of the most
common and widespread genera in the Rocky Mountain area.
This gives us some indication as to the slight probability of
encountering such forms in the much less common groups
of stoneflies.

1 This study was aided by a grant from the National Science Founda-
tion, G-20703 ; and a training grant from The Division of Water Supply
and Pollution Control, WP-54.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

157

A total of 7400 specimens was examined from six genera of
winter emerging stoneflies. Fifteen hundred Nemoura bcsa-
metsa yielded three gynandromorphs, giving a ratio of one per
five hundred normal specimens. In 1,000 specimens of Nemoura
cinctipes two gynandromorphs were found giving again the ratio
of one per five hundred.

The terminalia of TV. cinctipes, shown in Figs. 1—3, illustrate
the typical form of alteration consistent for the five specimens
found. Fig. 1 is the gynandromorph ; Fig. 2 shows the normal
female ; and Fig. 3 the normal male, all in ventral view. All
appear to he basically female with rudiments of the male

Fig. 3
Fig. 2

Xi/

Fig. 1.

FIGS. 1-3. Nctnoitra cinctipes, gynandromorph and normal $ and J1.

secondary sexual characteristics distorting the fundamental
female symmetry. In the drawing of the N. cinctipes gynandro-
morph (Fig. 1), the left half is primarily female; the right half
showing nearly all of the male influence. The normally large
lobe of the male ninth sternite (Fig. 3) appears as a small
appendage in the center of the ninth sternite of Fig. 1. A
partial suture is formed on the right side of the ninth sternite
of Fig. 1. As can be seen in Fig. 3, these sutures delineate the
male subgenital plate which terminates posteriorly in a sperm
conveying duct. As seen in Fig. 2, the subannl lobes (para-
procts) are normally triangular in the females and rectangular
in the males (Fig. 3). In Fig. 1 the left subanal lobe is

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ I U11C, 1966

triangular and the right lobe is rectangular. A beginning of
the male supra-anal process (epiproct, llth segment) can be
seen on the right side. The left side is comparatively un-
modified. The female genital area (8th sternite) is distorted,
with the right side having the more sclerotized form of the male
and the left side retaining the more membranous female struc-
ture. The 7th sternite of the normal female (Fig. 2) is greatly
enlarged forming a conspicuous subgenital covering. In Fig. 1
this is distorted and partially broken down, being proportion-
ately smaller. The larger size of Fig. 1 is of little significance
as there is normally wide fluctuation in body size within this
species.

The specimen was dissected to determine the primary sexual
characteristics. The male genital opening at the tip of the
subgenital plate (9th sternite) is rudimentary and non-func-
tional, as are the necessary supra-anal accessory structures. A
fully developed female reproductive system consisting of a
normal genital opening, genital cavity with associated seminal
receptacles, oviduct, and ovarioles with normally developing
eggs was found. No internal male sexual apparatus was dis-
cernible, indicating that the sexual characteristics of the male
are of a superficial nature and have not influenced the basic
female reproductive structure to any great extent.

Books

RADIOISOTOPES AND IONIZING RADIATIONS IN ENTOMOLOGY
(1961-63) (Bibliographical Series, No. 15). Pp. 1-565. In-
ternational Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1965. Distributed
by National Agency for International Publications, Inc., 317 E.
34th Street, New York 16, N. Y. Price: 16x24 cm, paper-
bound, U. S. $11.00; Austria and elsewhere, S 231 ; (£ 3.6.0. ;
F.Fr. 44; DM 38.50).

This bibliography is a continuation from the earlier volume
(IAEA, No. 9) for 1950-60. It was compiled by Mrs. M.
Binggeli of the Agency's Division of Scientific and Technical

(Continued on p. 175}

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159

A New Species of Montezumina with the

Description of the Male of M. bradleyi Heb.

(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae)

DAVID A. NICKLE, Department of Entomology,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

The genus Montezumina was erected by Hebard who in-
cluded in it Symmetro pleura niodcsta* Brunner, 1878, Turpilia
oblongoculata Brunner, 1878, T. oridiops Saussure and Pictet,
1897, and T. ocular is Saussure and Pictet, 1897. Hebard also
described the species M. sinoloae, 1925, and M. bradleyi, 1927,
and the subspecies M. oblongoculata mescmbrina, 1927. M.
bradleyi was described on the basis of two females.

While looking over specimens of the genus Montezumina at
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I discovered
a distinct species represented by a series of fifteen males and
eight females, all in good condition and all but four on loan
from the Los Angeles County Museum. Moreover, I found
a series of six Montezumina bradleyi males, also in good condi-
tion.

This paper presents descriptions of the male of Montezumina
bradleyi and the new species, which I have named granti. I
have placed granti in the genus Montezumina because the eyes
are elongate, oval ; the cephalic and median tibiae are subsulcate
dorsad ; the dorsum of the head behind the eyes is high, and
the vertex tapers sharply down to the fastigium to meet but not
extend beyond the frons ; and the subgenital plate of the male
lacks styles. A brief comparative study is included in the
description.

Montezumina bradleyi Hebard 1927

MALE. As a complement to Hebard's description of the
female of Montesumina bradleyi, the following description
presents additional characters unique to the species. It is

* Hebard placed this species in Montezumina in 1934 (p. 205, See
Literature Cited).

160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

presented in a manner to allow a more meaningful comparison
with M. grant i.

Diagnosis. — This species differs from others in that its tenth
tergite is truncate, slightly produced, and medially depressed.
Also, the lateral lohe of the pronotum is deeper than long.
The eyes are large for the genus. It is the most colorfully
marked member of the genus, with characteristic E-shaped
markings on the inner lateral surfaces of the cephalic femora.

Description. — Head. Eyes large for genus, ovoid elliptical.
Dorsum of head high, vertex tapering down sharply to fastigium
which approximates tip of frons, hut does not touch it, as in
other species.

Pronotum. Median length/width of pronotal disc 1.45
(mean of males). Surface of disc and cephalic half of lateral
lobes smooth, caudal half of lobes weakly punctate. Lateral
lobes deeper than long ('Fig. 1 ) .

H'ings. Anterior wing about 5.13 times longer than wide
(mean of males). Surface marked with scattered brown dots;
apical half of anal margin of both pairs of wings in folded posi-
tion edged with a jagged brown line.

Legs. Variable number of spines on all femora. Posterior
femora about 7.04 times longer than wide (mean of males).

External gcnitalia. Male. Tenth abdominal tergite pro-
duced slightly with deep median depression ; as seen from above,
edge of tergite forming a very wide V. Supra-anal plate ovoid,
reflexed inward, produced from inner surface of tenth tergite.
Cerci simple, cylindrical, the proximal half curved gradually
upward, then downward to apical end, where it recurves sharply
upward ; apical end laterally slightly flattened, ending in a con-
spicuous tooth. Subgenital plate as long as cerci, broad at base
and tapering slightly clistally ; a medial ridge running the length
of the plate ; tip of plate wide, bearing two conspicuous pseudo-
styles (Figs. 4, 6).

Concealed genitalia. Not observed.

Coloration. Eyes dark brown, uniform to mottled. General
body color a pastel yellow-green. Pronotal disc with reddish
to brown spots at each corner. Abdomen yellow with little

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161

evidence of green pigmentation. Each cephalic femur bearing
a distinctive brown E-shaped marking on inner lateral surface
and a simple horizontal brown bar on outer surface. Apices of
other femora tipped with brown ; distal tips of tibiae similarly
highlighted with brown as are the bases of many of the tibial and
femoral spines. Dorsal surface of cerci of male medium to
dark brown.

Variation. Very little variation. One specimen lacks the
conspicuous pseudostyles on the subgenital plate.

Discussion. — This species agrees with other Montczuinina
species in head and eye shape, but differs in that the tenth
tergite is not elongate as in the type species oblongoculata.
The cerci and subgenital plate most closely resemble those of
oblongoculata nicscmbrina.

Specimens examined. — 6J\ Pozo Azul de Ferris, Costa
Rica, Taken at night in house, VIII-20-1927 (Lankester &
Rehn) 2J1 [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ;
Trinidad Rio, Panama, 1 1 1-19-20-1 91 2 (A. Busck) 3^ [United
States National Museum] ; Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,
Panama, VI-27-1930 (J. Zetek) 1J1 [Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia] .

Measurements. Values listed are means of $ (mm). Total
length 30.5; length pronotal disc 3.6; width pronotal disc 2.5;
length posterior femur 16.9; width posterior femur 2.4; length
anterior wing 22.2; width anterior wing 4.3.

Montezumina granti, n. sp.

Diagnosis. — MALE. The tenth abdominal tergite is truncate
and medially slightly concave. This species differs from all
other Montczuuiina species in the shape of the subgenital plate,
which is elongate, upcurved, with a deep apical emargination.

FEMALE. — The subgenital plate is thick, bilobed. The basal
lobe of the ovipositor lacks a ventro-posteriorly directed process.

Types. — Holot\pc <$, nr. Rincon, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas
Prov., COSTA RICA, 11-23-1966 (H. R. Roberts) [Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia]. Allotypc J, same data as
type [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia].

162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS% [June, 1966

Description. — Pronotuin. Median length/width of disc ratio
1.64 (mean, both sexes). Outline of lateral lobe as in Fig. 2.
General surface smooth, with posterior portion of disc around
curvature weakly punctate. Lateral lobes as wide as deep;
posterior border well rounded.

Wings. Anterior wing unmarked, about 4.98 times longer
than wide (mean, both sexes).

Legs. Variable number of spines on all femora. Anterior
femora with 1-4 spines along inner ventral border and none
along outer ventral border, median femora with none along-
inner and 1-4 along outer, and posterior femora with 0-6 along
inner border and 4-8 along outer. Posterior femora about 7.23
times longer than wide (mean, both sexes). Cephalic and
median tibiae subsulcate as typical of genus.

External genitalia. MALE. Tenth abdominal tergite trun-
cate, medially slightly concave. Supra-anal plate ovoid, di-
rected slightly inward, produced from inner wall of the
terminal tergite. Subgenital plate elongate, upcurved with a
deep apical emargination, producing two bilobed processes
(Fig. 7) ; lateral margins thickened, apex in section forming
a right angle, the origin lying on the midline and the arms
flaring out at 45° from the horizontal. Cerci simple, cylindrical,
tapering and distally sharply curved mesad, apically bearing a
single tooth (Fig. 5).

FEMALE. — Ovipositor short, approximating median length of
pronotal disc; curved sharply upward as in oblongoculata;
surface of valves punctate; apical half of dorsal valve finely
toothed, ventral valve toothed at apex only ; apex of dorsal
valve produced beyond apex of ventral valve (Fig. 3'). Basal
lobe of ovipositor simple, oval in shape, lacking ventral poste-
riorly-directed lobate process found in other Montcsumina
species (achieving its greatest development in sinaloae}. Sub-
genital plate thick with median depression at apex, giving im-
pression of a thick bilobed structure ; proximal portion rounded,
convex (Fig. 8).

Concealed genitalia. Not observed.

IxxviiJ

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

163

Morphological aspects of Montesumina species. FIGS. 1-2. Male
pronotum, left lateral aspect, outline; 1, M. bradlcyi; 2, M. granti.
FIG. 3. Female abdomen, left lateral aspect, M. granti. FIGS. 4-5. Male
abdomen, dorso-posterior aspect; 4, M. bradleyi; 5, M. granti. FIGS. 6-7.
Male subgenital plate, ventral aspect; 6, M. bradlcyi; 7, M. granti.
FIG. 8. Female subgenital plate, ventral aspect, M. granti.

Locality of specimens : FTGS. 1 and 6, Trinidad Rio, Panama : FIGS.
2, 3, 5, 7 and 8, Golfito, Costa Rica; FIG. 4, Barro Colorado Island,
Canal Zone, Panama.

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

Color. General body color katydid green. Abdomen yellow
with little green pigment (although this may represent dis-
coloration due to death or to preservation methods, since some
specimens exhibit light green abdomens). Vertex in many
specimens colored pink to red. Eyes with two reddish-brown
stripes originating on the dorsum of the eye and flaring ven-
trally, the anterior (and shorter) stripe running along midline
of eye, and the posterior stripe running along the posterior to
the ventral border of eye.

Paralyses.— 14J. 7$. Golfito,Costa Rica, VII-10, 23, 27-
1957, VIII-12, 21-1957 (Truxal & Menke ; Arnold Menke)
14J1, 49 [Los Angeles County Museum] ; nr. Villa Neily, Punt.
Prov. (S.), Costa Rica, VIII-5-11-1963 (C. L. Hogue) 1$
[Los Angeles County Museum] ; nr. Rincon, Osa Peninsula.
Puntarenas Prov., Costa Rica, 11-23, 25-1966 (H. R. Roberts)
2J [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] .

Variation. The depth of the apical emargination on the
subgenital plate varies, as does the length of the subgenital plate,
many being higher than the dorsum of the tenth abdominal
tergite. Color variation is minor. Variation between sexes is
mainly one of size, the female being larger and more robust.
The posterior femora of the female are 7.06 times longer than
wide, whereas the posterior femora of the male are 7.41 times
longer than wide. Similarly, the length/width index of the
anterior wing of the female is 4.80, whereas in the male it is 5.15.
Discussion. — In general appearance, this species superficially
resembles Anaulacomera more than Montesumina. The body is
smaller and more narrow and delicate than other Montesumina
species, and the wings are translucid as in Anaulacomera.
However, its ovoid, elliptical eyes, the high occiput, the more
sharply rounded posterior border of the lateral lobe of the
pronotum, the dorsally subsulcate cephalic and median tibiae
armed with only a single disto-caudal spine, and the short,
toothed ovipositor of the female clearly distinguish it from
species of Anaulacomera. The subgenital plate of the male is
atypical of the genus, bearing a closer resemblance in length,
curvature, and apical emargination to species of Ccraia. The

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165

species is distinct from the other Montesumina species on the
basis of the external genitalic complex. The tenth tergite is
truncate, whereas in other species it is elongate, with the median
portion sharply declivent between the cerci, and the supra-anal
plate forming the distal triangle of the tergite. The subgenital
plate is elongate, upcurved, quite unlike other species, in which
the subgenital plate is small, as in Anaulacomera species.

Montesumina grant i has no close relatives, but on the basis
of the tenth tergite and shape of the cerci it most closely re-
sembles the species bradleyi, which is also from Costa Rica and
Panama.

The species is named in the fond memory of Dr. Harold
J. Grant, Jr., in recognition of his outstanding work on the
subfamily Phaneropterinae and whose assistance and kind
advice have been an inspiration I will not forget.

Distribution. — This species is known only from Costa Rica.

Measurements. Values listed are means (mm). Total
length <$ 27.8, $ 30.1 ; length pronotal disc <? 3.8, $ 4.0; width
pronotal disc <$ 2.3, 5 2.4; length posterior femur J1 15.6,
5 17.4; width posterior femur ^ 2.1, $ 2.5 ; length anterior wing
J1 20.9, $ 22.8; width anterior wing J1 4.1, 5 4.7; length ovi-
positor 5 4.3.

Acknowledgments. — I wish to thank Dr. H. Radclyffe
Roberts, who advised me on the format of this paper, and Mrs.
Alary Fuges for her excellent illustrations. Also, I wish to
acknowledge the help of Dr. Lloyd M. Martin, who loaned most
of the material upon which this paper is based.

LITERATURE CITED

BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, C. 1878. Monographic der Phaneropteriden.

401 pp. Brockhaus, Vienna.
HEBARD, M. 1925. Dermaptera and Orthoptera from the State of

Sinaloa, Mexico. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 51 : 265-310.
— . 1927. Studies in the Tettigoniidae of Panama (Orthoptera). Ibid.

53 : 79-156.
— . 1934. The Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Illinois. Bull. Illinois

State Nat. Hist. Survey 20 : 125-279.
SAUSSURE, H. DE and A. PICTET. 1897. Biol. Centrali-Amer. Insecta.

Orthoptera 1 : 458 pp.

166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

The Subgenus Cyphomannia Weber 1938 of Cy-
phomyrmex Mayr 1862, Reinstated, and Sys-
tematic Notes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

NEAL A. WEBER, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore,
Pennsylvania 19081

The subgenus Cyphomannia was created for Bolivian ants
of the Cyphomyrmex complex (Weber 1938). In the descrip-
tion and figures of the type species laevigatns I showed them to
differ markedly from known species, particularly in thoracic and
petiolar characters. Unfortunately types or identified material
were not seen by Kempf (1962) when he synonymyzed Cypho-
mannia or when he prepared his revision of the strigatus group
(1964). His conclusion that Cyphomannia laevigatns was part
of the rimosus complex was based on the assumption that it was
a smooth rimosus. Differences of subgeneric rank are the com-
plete lack of thoracic tubercles, the mesonotal area flat dorsally
and with angular margins, the smoothly declivous epinotum
without angles or tubercles, and both the petiole and postpetiole
being flat dorsally and without tubercles. The femora and tibiae
are rectangular in section and there is an exserted sting, the
latter being a character of general biological rather than sys-
tematic interest.

In the group of rimosus Dr. Kempf includes a heterogeneous
list of species based on head characters and on the possession of
two or no median pronotal tubercles. A species like longiscapus,
however, can hardly fit here better than in the alternative group
of strigatus. The outstanding character of rimosus is biological
rather than morphological — it cultures a yeast rather than a
mycelium.

Specimens, including types, were taken to Europe under a
National Science Foundation grant in 1957 and compared with
Emery, Forel, and Santschi type material. The following notes
may assist in future revisionary work of this genus of variable
characters.

IxXVlij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167

Nothing in the Emery, Forel, or Santschi collections was seen
that I considered to be in the same suhgenus with lacviyatus
although Ice t us Forel was noted to he somewhat transitional.
The side view of the thorax of Icctus is shown by Dr. Kempf
(1964) to be transitional in its smothness.

CYPHOMYRMEX (CYPHOMYRMEX) Mayr 1862

C. bicornis Forel. The Bolivian I'orticis Weber is close but
specifically distinct.

C. bigibbosus Emery. The Emery collection had one pin
marked Typus, Para 166, not seen by Dr. Kempf. The worker
thorax, excluding neck was 0.835 mm or with neck 0.89 nun.
The postpetiolar node is 0.285 mm long X 0.248 mm wide.
A cotype of the subspecies tumulus \Yeber had a thorax
excluding neck of 0.99 mm and, when directly compared,
appeared to be subspecifically distinct. A cotype of petio-
latus Weber differed from the Emery type in having much
longer occipital angles and less crenulate frontal lobes. A
topotype of faunulus Wheeler had the same kind of post-
petiolar node as the Emery species but the occipital angles
were much more acute and the median pronotal tubercle less
marked. It is entirely possible that the species shows con-
siderable variability but at present the taxonomy appears
to be:

C. bigibbosus Emery

C. bigibbosus Emery subspecies tumulus Weber, reinstated

C. bigibbosus Emery subspecies petiolatus Weber, reinstated

C. faunulus Wheeler (Kempf emend.)

C. colombianus Weber. Near strigatus Mayr but specifically
distinct. As originally noted, this is close to costatits, and Dr.
Kempf believes it to be the same.

C. daguerrei Santschi. Santschi types seen. The ants are close
to rimosus but specifically distinct. The thorax is much as
in rimosus but there are no occipital tubercles.

C. flavidus Pergande. Mexican material in the Emery collec-
tion shows this to be a species related to rimosus.
thorax bears a flat oval area instead of tubercles.

168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

C. foxi E. Andre. Jamaica material in the Emery collection
shows this species to be highly distinctive.

C. morschi Emery. Types seen. A very smooth species with
low thoracic tubercles, the occipital corners evenly rounded ;
an unusual character is the humeral angles directed forward
as sharp, flat right-angles. It resembles none of my forms.
Dr. Kempf has synonymized personatus Santschi with mor-
schi, a useful step. This latter type also was seen.

C. olitor Forel. Types seen. A good species related to ri-
mosus.

C. lectus Forel. Type seen. Quite different from the rimosus
group.

C. rimosus subsp. pencosensis Forel. Type seen. A good
subspecies marked by epinotal tubercles, a pair of anterior
median pronotal tubercles, and low, median tubercles. The
thorax is 0.934 mm long and the postpetiole 0.211 mm long
by 0.422 mm wide.

C. strigatus Mayr. Material in the Santschi collection placed
here was labelled "Types" and was of all castes. While prob-
ably not type material, it did come from Santa Catarina, Brasil
(Moeller) and may well be strigatus. The Colombian co-
lombianus Weber is related to this and costatus Mann is
quite different.

LITERATURE CITED

KEMPF, W. W. 1962. Miscellaneous studies on neotropical ants (Hym.

Formicidae). Studia Ent. 5: 29-34 (Rio de Janeiro).
— . 1964. A revision of the neotropical ants of the genus CypJwniyr-

mcx Mayr. Part I. Group of strigatus Mayr (Hym. Formicidae),

loc. cit. 7 : 1-44.
WEBER, N. A. 1938. The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part

IV. Additional new forms. Rev. Ent. 9: 183-191 (Rio de Janeiro).
— . 1940. The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part VI. Key

to Cyphomyrmex, new Attini and a new guest ant. Loc. cit. 11 :

406-427.
— . 1958. Some attine synonyms and types. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.

60: 259-261.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 160

The Immature Stages of Stictochironomus an-
nulicrus (Townes) (Diptera, Tendipedidae)

SELWYN S. ROBACK, Curator, Department of Limnology,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

The immature stages of 5\ annul icrus were sent to the author
by Mr. J. L. Wilhm, Radiation Ecology Section, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Tennessee. The larvae were collected
July 7, 1965, the pupae and adults September 13, 1965.

The species in the varins-annulicrus group of Stictochirono-
mus are poorly defined and little material is available to delimit
the color and structural variation in the species described by
Townes (1945). Whether an increased knowledge of the im-
matures will aid in resolving these species or indicate that some
are merely variations of a single species, remains to lie seen.
The larva which I described as T. (Stictochironomus) sp. 1 in
1957 differs from that of 5". annulicrus only in that the blade
of the antenna is slightly longer than the flagellar segments.
This may be local variation. The larva and pupa which Johann-
sen (1937) described under the name flavicinyula (Walk.) do
not appear to differ from S. annulicriis, but without seeing the
specimens I hesitate to list the species in synonymy.

Stictochironomus annulicrus (Townes)

Tanytarsus (Stictochironomus} annulicrus Townes 1945: 83.
Tanytarsits (Stictochirononiiis) sp. 1? Roback 1957: 122.

Ecological data :

Pool — 15 meters long by 1.29 to 9.14 meters wide.

Depth — 0.45 meter.

Bottom where specimens were collected — Spirogyra covered.

Spring discharge — 0.0028 m:ysec.

Current — 0.15 cm/sec.

Water temperature — 16.1° C, relatively constant annually.

D. O.— 8.48 ppm.

Alkalinity — 110 ppm.

170

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[June, 1966

FIGS. 1-5. Larva of Stictochironomus annulicrus Townes

1. Apex abdomen. 2. Apex of mandible. 3. Epipharyngeal area. 4.
Antenna. 5. Labial plate.

IxxviiJ

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

171

FIGS. 6-9. Pupa of Stictochironomits annulicrus Townes

6. Abdominal tcrgites 2-4. 7. Cephalic tubercles. 8. Apex female ab-
domen (half). 9. Apex male abdomen (half).

172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

Location : Tennessee, 80° 19' West, 35° 54' North.

LARVA: Length 10.8-13.8 mm; head, brown, 0.55 mm long by
0.49 mm wide ; darker caudo-ventrally ; eye spots vertically ar-
ranged, contiguous ; epipharyngeal area and apex of labrum,
Fig. 3 ; pair of palmate bristles on labrum ; premandibles bifid ;
antennal ratio 36-6-6-5-4—2 to 40-7-5-5-4-2, Fig. 4 ; sense pit
one-third from base of first segment ; blade 0.065 mm long, does
not extend to apex of flagellar segments ; lauterborn organs
0.014 mm; mandible, Fig. 2, 0.180 mm long; with well devel-
oped comb and plumose brush ; labial plate as in Fig. 5 ; salivary
glands in thoracic segments 2 and 3; lumen 1.65 mm long with
furcate side branches ; anal papillae 0.059 mm long by 0.034 mm
wide ; with 8 apical bristles and 2 fine lateral hairs ; tenth tergite
with a pair of apical hairs, Fig. 1 ; anal gills, Fig. 1, 0.61 mm
long.

PUPA : Length £ 7.8-8.4 mm ; $ 9.0-10.6 mm ; head with coni-
cal tubercles, Fig. 7, 0.17 mm long by 0.17 mm wide at base;
thorax with a pair of bristles at Mth 1 and Mth 3 (see Fittkau
1962, Fig. 150) ; respiratory organs plumose, over 200 filaments ;
abdominal tergites 2-4 as in Fig. 6 ; segment 2 always with
caudo-lateral projections; in the caudal spine bands the spines
are closer together than in the mesal fenestrated area but the
two are not distinctly separated ; spinose areas of tergite 5 like 4 ;
tergite 6 with the anterior spine band forming a caudally di-
rected triangle, and the reduced caudal band mesally divided ;
tergite 7 with only some fine spines antero-laterally ; tergite 8
bare ; dorsal hairs of tergites 2-7 as in Fig. 6 ; laterally 2-4
with 3 fine hairs, Fig. 6 ; 5 to 7 with 3 long filaments, two ante-
rior to middle and one caudo-lateral ; segment 8 with 4 lateral
hairs, Figs. 8 and 9 ; segments 4—7 with oval patches of spines
caudo-ventrally, largest on segment 4, Fig. 6, and smaller on
succeeding segments ; intersegmentalia 3-4 and 4—5 with bands
of anteriorly directed spines ; caudo-lateral combs of segment 8,
Figs. 8 and 9, with a large apical spine and 6-9 smaller spines ;
anal fins about 0.50 mm long with 70 ± lateral filaments ; apices
of male and female abdomen, Figs. 8 and 9.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173

LITERATURE

FITTKAU, E. J. 1962. Die Tanypodinae. Abh. z. larvalsyst. der In-
sekten. Akademie Verlag Berlin : 453 pp.

JOHANNSEN, O. A. 1937. Aquatic Diptera. IV Chironomidae : Sub-
family Chironominae. Mem. Cornell U. Agr. Exp. Sta. 210 : 56 pp.

ROBACK, S. S. 1957. The immature tendipedids of the Philadelphia
area. Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 9: 152 pp.

TOWNES, H. J. 1945. The Nearctic species of Tendipedini. Amer.
Midi. Nat. 34 (1) : 1-206.

Photuris lloydi sp. nov.
(Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

FRANK A. MCDERMOTT, Wilmington, Delaware

Photuris lloydi sp. nov.

Type locality, Highlands County, Florida. Twelve specimens,
all males, were collected in this county by Dr. James E. Lloyd ;
one of these, his No. 6524, was selected as the type specimen.
Five other specimens were collected by Dr. Lloyd in Alachua
and Levy Counties, approximately 300 km north of Highlands
Co.

Dimensions, 9.6 mm long (elytra plus pronotum) by 3.4 mm
wide at elytral half-length.

Outline subparallel, slightly widest at elytral half-length.

Pronotum 1.9 mm long by 2.1 mm broad just forward of
angles. Angles 90°, rounded. Base of the form frequent in
Photuris, with a median small indentation from each side of
which a slightly arcuate edge leads to a rather marked crease at
the interior side of the angle. Disk slightly convex with a
longitudinal black vitta similar to that of P. vcrsicolor, on each
side of which is a subelliptic orange spot. Margins transparent,
with some opaque white mottling. Orange spots and black vitta
coarsely punctate. Villosity pale, sparse, and short, but long
hairs on edge of base.

174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1966

Scutellum white, apex acute. Mesonotal plates dull yellowish.

Elytra, each 7.65 mm long and 1.71 mm wide at midlength ;
1.32 mm wide at humerus. Coarsely granulate. Villosity pale,
fairly long and dense. Ground color black ; margins and suture
white, continuous around apices ; a narrow but pronounced
sharply denned white vitta to about two-third elytral length.
No evident costae. Wings black.

Head : Frons yellow, slightly concave, with short pale hairs ;
vertex brown. Interocular margins divergent ; 0.4 mm between
eyes over antennal sockets and 0.75 mm. across vertex. 2.0 mm
across eyes in front, eye length 1.2 mm; eyes proportionately
large and appear globular in side view. Clypeus dark brown,
tridentate. Mandibles rather small, 0.5 mm across in closed
position. Maxillary palpi black; labial palpi mitten-shaped,
black.

Antennae black, hairy ; articles narrowly white at bases ;
articles 2 and 3 subequal. Total length ca. 4.85 mm, 0.5 of body
length.

Prosternum white ; meso- and metasterna very dark brown.

Ventral segments 2 to 5 black ; 6 and 7 luminous and about
two times as long as 5 ; 8 rather long, pale yellowish, medially
short-mucronate ; 9 long-ogival.

Coxae pale, almost white. Posterior femora white except at
distal ends ; tibiae largely black ; tarsi black, bases of articles
pale. Posterior legs 8.4 mm long, 0.87 of body length ; tibiae
alone 2.3 mm long.

Aedeagus as in P. versicolor, 1.8 mm long.

Typical male flash pattern consists of single coruscations
ca. 0.2 second long, at 4 to 5 second intervals at 75° F, and
up to 0.75 sec. long at 58° F. Shorter intervals and longer
flashes, sometimes flickering, were also seen. Female response
at 0.2-0.5 sec. after male flash.

Type and fifteen paratypes returned to Dr. Lloyd ; two para-
types, Lloyd's Nos. 6521 and g!2, retained in my collection.
The type has been placed in the collection of Cornell University.

There was very little variation among the specimens. Those
from Highlands County were from 9.15 to 11.45 mm long,

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175

FIG. 1. Photnris lloydi sp. nov.

averaging 10.42 mm; those from Alachua and Levy Counties
were slightly larger. Several very similar specimens, including
a female, collected at Bradenton, Florida, on the Gulf Coast,
were suhmitted by Miss Anne M. Yech ; these appear to be the
same species as Dr. Lloyd's specimens but flash records were
not available. Confusion with P. hcbcs is avoided by the larger
size of the latter and its longer antennae ; hebes is also usually
lighter colored and the pronotal vitta narrower.

(Continued from p. 158}

Information. Titles are arranged by subject matter: Part I,
Radioisotopes : Ecology, Physiology and Biochemistry, Develop-
ment and Genetics, Vectors, Chemical Control. Part II, Ioniz-
ing Radiations : Basic Research on genetic, cellular and genetic
effects, Applications, Techniques, Bibliographies and Surveys.
Finally there are a few papers on nematodes also. There is a
total of 1,592 titles, each with an abstract. The author's index
includes the author's institution or laboratory. The detailed
subject index indicates also the particular isotope or radiation
used. An insecticide index gives the manufacturer's and com-
mon names, and there are 25 pages of tables that give data on
dispersal, on sterilization, and on insecticides.

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Oestridae wanted. Botflies of Nearctic deer, elk, caribou, sheep ;
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

JULY 1966

Vol. LXXVII No. 7

CONTENTS

Roback — A new Procladins, with immature stages (Dipt.) .... 177

Blickle — A new Hyclroptilidae (Trichoptera)

Ries and Cruden — New records of Anax longipcs (Odonata) 187
Weisman — Sphccouiyla, taxonomic and descriptive (Dipt.) . .
Burks — Immature stages of Axima zabriskiei (Hym.) . . .
Books 203

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII JULY, 1966 No. 7

A New Procladius Species with Description of the
Immature Stages (Dipt.: Chironomidae)*

SELWYN S. ROBACK, Curator, Department of Limnology,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

The species here descrihed was originally found in a collection
of Stictochironomus annulicrus Townes, sent to the author for
determination by Dr. J. Wilhm, of the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Tennessee. Dr. Wilhm was kind enough to go
back to the spring where the adults were collected and send the
author a lot of live Procladius larvae from the spring. Some
of these ($, 2 $$) were reared to the adult stage in the labora-
tory and confirmed the immature-adult association. A great
many of the larvae pupated but there was a high mortality in
this stage and only a few adults emerged. It gives me great
pleasure to name this species after Dr. Wilhm. I should like
to thank Dr. Eleanor Slifer for advice on the sensory hairs. The
figures were done by Mr. Robert P. Moore, Jr.

Procladius wilhrni n. sp.

On the basis of the denticulate extension of the median
internal strut (Fig. 6) this species is related to P. denticulatiis
Sublette. It differs in the greater extent of the denticles and the
shorter heel of the dististyle. The dististyle (Fig. 7) is more
like that of P. free man i Sublette which lacks the denticulate
median strut.

Male. — Head brown, postoculars (Fig. 4) uniserial mesad of

* The support of the National Science Foundation (Grant GB2719)
is gratefully acknowledged.

(177)

SMITHSON
INf

m,

vJUL

178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IJub"' 1966

dorsal eye extensions, multiserial behind eyes ; ratio of dorsal
eye extension to interocular space 1 ; antennal pedicel dark
brown with 3 latero-ventral hairs; antennal ratio 1.97-2.01;
ratio of palpal segments 15-24-36-60; pronotum brown with
latero-ventral patch of hairs; mesonotum (Fig. 8) lightly pol-
linose, brown ; vittae brown, moderately distinct ; humeri and
supraalar areas lighter ; humeral bristles 7-9 ; supraalars 22-25 :
postalars 1 ; prescutellars 7-9 ; dorsocentrals uniserial ; legs
brown ; LRI .S5-.S7 ; LRII .70-75 ; LRIII .73 ; tibial spur leg I
(Fig. 5) 67 /A with 5 lateral teeth ; spurs of tibia, leg II 58, 46 p.
with 5 lateral teeth each; spurs of tibia, leg III 74, 48/x with 6
lateral teeth each; comb of tibia III with 13 spines; preapical
spurs present on T, of legs I, II, III and on T., of legs II, III ;
pulvilli absent ; empodium well developed ; claws spatulate
apically ; enlarged base of claw with one large and 3 small teeth ;
no beard on leg I ; wing (Fig. 3) 2.6 mm; strongly infuscated.
with brownish cast ; r-in slightly darkened ; ratio C»2-petiole Cu
1.25; in-cu one-third arculus to wing tip; halteres light; abdo-
men black-brown ; densely haired ; ninth tergite with 21 ± hairs ;
genitalia (Fig. 7) dark; basistyle 250 ^ long; dististyle 118 /x ;
heel of dististyle 22.5 /x-24.5 ^ ; ratio of dististyle length to heel
length 4.9-5.1; struts of genitalia as in Fig. 6; mesal strut
antero-mesally extended ; joins elongate row of spurs along a
diagonal curving suture ; spines embedded in membrane but join
strut along this suture.

Female. — Head brown ; postoculars completely multiserial :
antennal flagellum 12-segmented ; rato of apical 5 segments
7-8-10-10-35 ; last 3 segments (Fig. 9) ; ratio interocular space
to dorsal eye extension 2.6; palpal segments in ratio 15-25-^4-0-
72; thorax as in male; LRI .69; LRII .63; LRIII .64; claws
apically sharp ; wing 2.7 mm ; abdomen brown ; spermathecae
(3) 88 X 102 /A; eighth sternite with mesal light area.

Holotype $ emerged March 20. 1966. Allotype 5 emerged
March 17, 1966. Paratypes, 2 <$<$ September 13, 1965 (Coll.

FIGS. 1-8. Procladhis ivilhmi n. sp. ADULT. 1. Socket of tactile hair,
mesal edge, first tarsal segment. 2. Chemosensory (?) hair, base of mesal
edge, first tarsal segment. 3. Wing. 4. Male head. 5. Spur, tibia I.
6. Detail struts. 7. Male genitalia. 8. Thorax, dorsal.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

179

180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS []U\Y> 1966

Wilhm). Paratype $ emerged March 17, 1966. Type locality
TENNESSEE 80° 19'W, 35° 54'N. All specimens in collection of
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Larva. — Length, 7.2 mm; head (Fig. 13) 650-700 it. long,
greatest width 600-650 /A, 480 p. high ; ratio length to width 1 .04-
1.13; labrum and sensory projections as in Fig. 10; antenna
168 /A long, slightly longer than mandible; ratio 63-10-1.5-1.0
to 63-8-1.5-1.5; basal segment (Fig. 18) 4.3-5.0 as long as
apical segments ; sense pit .70 from base of basal segment ; de-
tail of apical segments, Fig. 17; mandible (Fig. 12) 148 /A long;
maxillary palpus 48 /A long by 15 ^ wide ; sense pit .6 from base ;
labial plate as in Fig. 14 ; paralabials generally with 7 teeth ;
hypopharynx as in Figs. 15, 16; glossa 5-toothed; paraglossae
(Fig. 11) 49 /A long with 1-2 inner teeth and 4-5 outer teeth;
suspensorium of hypopharynx with 10-12 teeth on each side ;
body pale orange-brown with scattered opaque white flecks ;
prothoracic segments bare ; mesothorax with some hairs antero-
laterally and 2 hairs behind these ; metathorax with a lateral
hair row in anterior half of segment ; abdominal segments 1-6
with lateral hair row; anal papillae 175 /JL long by 64 p. wide;
15 apical filaments and one lateral hair ; tenth tergite with a pair
of long hairs; anal gills (4) conical, uppers 324 /A, lowers 178 /A;
claws of prolegs all pale brown, 5 shorter, hook-shaped, and 10
longer, more linear ; each anal leg with an elongate simple hair.

Pupa. — $ 5.4 mm, 5 5.6 mm; respiratory organ (Figs. 21,
22) 420-480 p. long by 150-200 /A wide; depth about 120 /A;
Mth1 narrow, pointed, about 12 /A long; Mth3 elongate, flattened,
about 116 /A; Mth., not discernible; Oth, and Oth2 elongate,
flattened, about 84/A; scar of tergite 1 (Fig. 25) 220 tt long;
abdominal integument covered with scale-like spines (Fig. 23) ;
hairs of abdominal segments 5 as in Fig. 24 ; Lx and L2 about
48 /A; Dx 30 /A; D2 101 /A; D3 and D5 about 120 /A; D, about
60 /A; Vt 84/A; V, 42 /JL; abdominal segments 2-7 similar to

FIGS. 9-18. Procladius wilhmi n. sp. FIG. 9. Apex adult female
antenna. FIGS. 10-18. LARVA. 10. Labrum. 11. Paraglossae. 12.
Mandible. 13. Head, dorsal. 14. Labium and paralabials. 15. Hypo-
pharynx, lateral. 16. Hypopharynx, dorsal. 17. Detail of antennal apex.
18. Antenna.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

181

182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u, 1966

Fig. 24; mesal. two-thirds of abdominal segments brown; seg-
ment 7 with 4 long lateral filaments (480 ^) in apical half; seg-
ment 8 as in Figs. 19, 20; filaments about 520 ^; integument
spinose above lateral filaments on segment 8 and anal fins ; male
anal fins 580 ^ long (Fig. 20) ; female 650 /A (Fig. 19) ; about
42 spines on caudo-lateral margin of anal fins, longest at bend
and apex.

(Ecological Data. — Pool 15 meters long, 1.29-9.14 meters
wide, .45 meters deep ; bottom Spirogyra covered ; discharge
0.0028 m3/sec ; current 0.15 cm/sec; temperature 16.1° C (rela-
tively constant) ; D.O. 8.48 ppm ; alkalinity 110 ppm.

Tar sal Sensory Hairs. — Fittkau (1962) illustrates an unusual
sensory hair on the mesal side of the first tarsal segment of the
female leg II of A. plumipes. On the females of P. u'ilhmi I
found similar hairs (Fig. 2) near the base of the first tarsal
segment on legs II, III of the female. There were none on leg I.
Unlike Anatopyiila plnniipcs where they are in an irregular
group , on P. wilhnii they are in a straight row of 5-7 hairs.
On the males there were none on legs I or III but the first tarsal
segment of leg II bore a single such hair. The structure of the
hair with its apparent double lumen is very similar to the
chemosensory hairs of the blowfly, figured by Dethier (1955,
Figs. 1,2). The possible function of a chemosensory hair at the
mesal base of the first tarsal segment is not at all clear nor why
its presence is apparently associated with the female sex.

Another interesting structure which may be sensory is shown
in Fig. 1. It appears to be a basal tapering sinuate extension of
the socket of the tactile hairs of the first tarsal segment of both
sexes. It is found only associated with those tactile hairs along
the entire length of the mesal side of the first tarsal segment.
They are found on all legs of both sexes. On the male, they
appear to be present on the second tarsal segment, though in
more rudimentary form. Whether this extension serves as

FIGS. 19-25. Procladius wilhmi n. sp. PUPA. 19. Apex abdomen,
female. 20. Apex abdomen, male. 21. Respiratory organ. 22. Detail of
apex of respiratory organ, lateral. 23. Spines of abdominal tergites, detail.
24. Diagrammatic chaetotaxy of fifth abdominal segment ; D, dorsal ; V,
ventral. 25. Scar of first abdominal tergite.

Ixxvii ]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

183

24

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1966

merely a physical backstop for the tactile hair or has a sensory
function cannot be determined without histological study.

In addition to the above, the tarsi bear, scattered over the sur-
face, elongate tactile hairs ; recurved, blunt tipped chemosensory
hairs, and microtrichiae. The lengths of all these hairs or
structures are as follows: tactile (average), 58 /*; recurved
chemosensory, 38 /A; hooked chemosensory (Fig. 2), 22 /x;
sinuate socket extensions (Fig. 1), 14 /JL\ microtrichiae, 4.8 ^.

Systematic Position of Procladlits. — Fittkau (1962) places
Procladins in his tribe Macropelopiini primarily on the evidence
of the immature stages. While the immatures do show a close
relationship to Apsectrotanypus, Macropclopia, etc., a compari-
son of the figures here with those given by Fittkau (1962) for
A. plumipcs will show that the immature stages of Procladins are
as close or closer to A. plnniipcs than they are to the other
Macropelopiini. The shape of the anal fins (Figs. 19, 20) the
scalelike spines of the abdomen (Fig. 23), the structure of the
labrum (Fig. 10), antenna (Figs. 17, 18), and the labial plate
and mandible (Figs. 12, 14) show a very close correspond-
ence with the same structures in A. plinnipcs — more so than to
those structures in the Macropelopiini.

The adult, on the other hand, is quite specialized and has
diverged more from the anatopyniine stem in the wing venation,
genitalic structure and chaetotaxy than the macropelopiine
adults. While both Procladins and the other macropelopiine
genera are closely derived from the anatopyniine stem, the
other macropelopiine genera appear to be more closely related
to each other, as a group, than they are to Procladins. This
suggests that if Procladins is to be retained in the Macropelopiini
it should be given equal subtribal rank with the other genera
as a group.

LITERATURE

DETHIER, V. G. 1955. The physiology and histology of the contact

chemoreceptors of the blowfly. Quart. Rev. Biol. 30(4) : 348-371
SUBLETTE, J. E. 1964. Chironomid midges of California II. Tany-

systematik der Insekten. Akad.-Verlag Berlin. 453 pp.
FITTKAU, E. J. 1962. Die Tanypodinae. Abhandlungen zur Larval-

podinae, Podonominae and Diamesinae, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 115

(3481) : 85-136.

Ixxvii) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185

A New Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera)1
R. L. BLICKLE, Durham, New Hampshire

The species of O.vycthira descrihed below is closely related
to O. abacatica Denning and 0. acola Ross under which names
it was erroneously listed as occurring in New Hampshire
(Morse and Blickle 1957). This species was included in a
list of Hydroptilidae of Maine as O.vycthira sp. (Blickle 1964).
A study of material from Florida, the type locality of 0.
abacatica, and Maine has led to the conclusion that the north-
eastern material constitutes a new species.

The following species is similar to 0. abacatica and 0. acola
in the shape of the claspers, the two rod-like extensions of the
9th segment, and in the shape of the subgenital plate.

The holotype and paratypes will be deposited in the Illinois
Natural History Survey Museum. Other paratypes will be
placed in the National Museum, Washington, D. C, and in the
University of New Hampshire Entomological collection.

Oxyethira anabola, n. sp.

Male: Length from front of head to tip of wings 3.0 mm.
The seventh sternite has a short, pointed apico-mesal process.
Genitalia as in Fig. 1. The subgenital plate in lateral view,
Fig. 1A, is arcuate; in dorsal view, Fig. IB, the plate appears
more or less circular, with the anterior portion indented. The
claspers are short, heavily pigmented and the tip of the claspers
in lateral aspect appears notched. Attached near to the base of
the clasper is a finger like process, bearing a stout spine on its
tip. Two long rod like extensions of the 9th segment extend
dorsally and posteriorly to the subgenital plate ; these rods curve
ventrally at their apex and end just beyond the subgenital plate.
The aedeagus is 0.6 mm long; Fig. 1C shows the apical two-
thirds of the aedeagus with the apex unexpanded. The tip of
the aedeagus is composed of four lobes; Fig. ID, shows the

1 Published with the approval of the Director of the New Hampshire
Agricultural Experiment Station as Scientific Contribution No. 383.

186

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[July, 1966

lobes expanded. A sclerotized rod extends along the ventral
side of the aedeagus and curves dorsally at the apex.

Holotype Male: Durham, NEW HAMPSHIRE, 5 October 1951.

Paratype Males: Bow, New Hampshire, 25 June 1951, 2
specimens; Allagash, Maine, 30 July 1959, 1 specimen: Jim

ID

FIG. 1A-D. Oxyethira anabola, n. sp., Genitalia. 1A, lateral
IB, dorsal ; 1C, aedeagus; ID, expanded lobes of aedeagus.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187

Pond, Maine, 11 July 1959, 19 specimens; Oquossoc, Maine, 25
July 1959, 1 specimen; Oxbox, Maine, 20 July 1959, 102
specimens.

LITERATURE CITED

BLICKLE, R. L. 1964. Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Maine. Ent.

News 75 : 159-162.
MORSE, W. J. and R. L. BLICKLE. 1957. Additions and correction to

the list of New Hampshire Trichoptera. Ent. News 68: 127-131.

New Records for Anax longipes Hagen

(Odonata)

MARY DAVIS RIES, Normal, Illinois, and ROBERT

WILLIAM CRUDEN, Department of Botany,

University of California, Berkeley

Since its original description from Georgia (Hagen 1861),
Anax longipes has been reported from almost every state south
of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River. To the
list of 13 states summarized by Needham and Westfall (1955)
have been added Louisiana (sight record, Bick 1957), Okla-
homa (sight record, Bick and Bick 1957), West Virginia
(Cruden 1962), and Tennessee (Trogdon 1962). In the case
of the last-named state additional unpublished data (Trogdon
1961) indicate the occurrence of Anax longipes in three coun-
ties : Blount, Cocke, and Knox., Two earlier published reports
have been generally overlooked : Alabama ( Smith and Hodges
1937) and Pelee Island, Ontario, Canada (sight record, Mont-
gomery 1937). The first collections from Virginia and Okla-
homa are reported below.

VIRGINIA: Charles City County, 9| miles west of Barrett's
Ferry crossing of the Chickahominy River. Two specimens
collected by M. D. Ries on 23 May 1938 (J1) and 18 June 1938
(?) are deposited in the collection of the Illinois Natural
History Survey, Urbana.

188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jub'> 1966

These adults were taken at a small, shallow pond on the
south side of Route #5 near the entrances to historic estates
known as "Lion's Den" and "Sherwood Forest." The pond
occupied a small, somewhat shaded opening in the scrubby
woods. It was sparsely filled with emergent reeds and grasses.
It seems likely the pond lay in an old marl pit, an older and
smaller version of the modern "borrow pit."

OKLAHOMA: Comanche County, 24 July 1961. A single male
was captured by the junior author and is in his collection. The
site was a narrow, shallow stream in a large, marshy field at the
base of Mt. Scott dotted with large shrubs and small trees.
Four other individuals were observed.

In addition, four individuals were observed at a pond near
Enos, Marshall County, on 24 and 25 June 1961. The insects
flew well away from shore. The water was muddy and the
shore line thoroughly trampled by cattle. Clusters of sedges and
a few willows were scattered around the edge of the pond.

\Ye wish to thank Mrs. Leonora K. Gloyd for helpful sugges-
tions in connection with this manuscript and Dr. B. E. Mont-
gomery for supplying information from the Williamson-
Montgomery bibliography and index.

LITERATURE CITED

BICK, G. H. 1957. Tulane Studies in Zoology 5(5) : 71-135.

BICK, G. H. & J. C. BICK. 1957. Southwestern Naturalist 2(1) : 1-18.

CKUUEX, R. W. 1962. Ent. News 73(6) : 156-160.

HAGEN, H. A. 1861. Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America.

Smithsonian Misc. Coll. Washington, D. C. 347 pp.
MONTGOMERY, B. E. 1937. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 46 : 203-210.
NEEDHAM, J. G. & M. J. WESTFALL, JR. 1955. Dragonflies of North

America. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 615 pp.
SMITH, S. £ R. S. HODGES. 1937. J. Ala. Acad. Sci. 9 : 21-22.
TROGDON, R. P. 1961. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Univ. of Tenn.
. 1962. Dissert. Abstr. 22 (12 Pt. I) : 4447.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189

Sphecomyia (Diptera: Syrphidae) a Taxonomic
and Descriptive Analysis *

KENNETH E. WEISMAN, Department of Biological Sciences,
^'estern Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois

This final part in a revision of Sphecomyia, presents synoptic
descriptions of the genus and species, and their taxonomic
history. I wish to thank the numerous individuals who have
given their generous assistance during this study.

Figures, unless otherwise indicated, were drawn free-hand
and to scale ; ratios of antennal segments, measured from outside
dorsal surfaces, begin with basal segment. Citation of the page
number in the synonomy refers to that page in which the species
is first mentioned within the article.

Genus SPHECOMYIA Latreillc

Sphccoinve Latreille, 1825. Fam. Natur. du regne Animal 1 :495.
Sphecomyia Latreille, 1829, Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. 15: 545.
Tysenhausia Gorski, 1852, Analec. ad. Ent. prov. occid. imperii
Rossici 1 : 172.

GENOTYPE: Chrysoto.nun -cittatitm- Wiedemann (1830), by
action of Coquillett (1910, U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 37: 607).

GENERIC DIAGNOSIS: Head slightly longer than wide with
bare dichoptic eyes, more widely separated in females ; antennal
process and oral margin prominent ; ocellar triangle black pilose ;
1st and 2nd antennal segments with sparse pile, ventro-lateral
surface of 1st segment bare, 3rd segment bare; postocular area
pollinose and pilose ; face pollinose, some species and sexes with
medial black stripe, cheeks bare ; below antennal process face
is concave, medially convex to moderately tuberculate, then
produced downward to oral margin ; oblique band of pile extends

* This revisionary series, an abridgment of a thesis submitted to
the Faculty of the Graduate School of Western Illinois University in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of
Science, was partially supported by the Research Council of Western
Illinois University.

190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July> 1966

from near lateral apices of antennal process to mid-anterior
margin of eyes, continuous with margin to ventral apex. Thorax
black, scutum pilose, humeri and usually area internal to humeri
pollinose ; posterior ^ of mesopleuron and posterior dorsal area
of sternopleuron pollinose, pilose ; scutellum black, pilose, some
species with yellow pollinose area, border of undersurface with
short sparse pile ; legs yellow to black, pilose, outer surface of
hind coxae pollinose ; wings hyaline to brownish, more pro-
nounced around veins, 3rd longitudinal vein sinuate, r-m vein
oblique, internal area of anal cell next to 1st anal vein without
microtrichia. Abdomen black, convex, pilose, about twice
length of thorax; 2nd tergite with at least 1 pollinose fascia.
Length 9.0-15.0 mm (excluding antennae).

The morphology of the male genitalia has previously been
described in detail (Weisman, 1965).

DISCUSSION: Latreille (1825) in establishing the genus, from
specimens collected in Carolina by D. Bosc, did not include a
description nor assign the specimens a specific epithet ; four years
later Latreille (1829) described the genus. Coquillett (1910)
designated the Type-species. Gorski (1852) proposed the
generic name TyzcnJiaitzia for a Palearctic species.

Key to species of Sphecomyia

1 . Scutellum yellow pollinose, at least in part ( Species of

S. vittata Group) 2

Scutellum black, nonpollinose (Species of S. occi-
dentalis Group) 7

2. First tergite with single pollinose fascia 3

First tergite without pollinose fascia (Fig. 15)

columbiana Vockeroth

3. Thoracic scutum with pollinose vittae, interrupted

medially forming four areas (Figs. 10, 11, 12) 4

Thoracic scutum without vittae (Figs. 13, 14) 6

4. First two antennal segments elongate (Figs. 1,2, 10, 11) . . .5
First two antennal segments short, not as above ; third

and fourth tergites with black diamond-shaped area
medially (Figs. 9, 12) brevicornis Osten-Sacken

5. Pteropleuron yellow pollinose ; pollinose areas of

thoracic scutum wide (Fig. 10) . . . .vittata (Wiedemann)

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191

Pteropleuron nonpollinose ; pollinose areas of thoracic

scutum narrow ; Palearctic (Fig. 11)

vespiformis (Gorskij

6. Pteropleuron yellow pollinose ; scutellum yellow pilose

(Fig. 14) dyari Shannon

Pteropleuron nonpollinose ; scutellum hlack pilose

(Fig. 13) pattonii Williston

7. Thoracic scutum with pollinose fascia along posterior

border ; third antennal segment longer than first two
segments combined (Figs. 8, 16) . . . .occidentals Osburn
Thoracic scutum and antennae not as above (Figs.

17, 18) 8

8. All tergites with single pollinose fascia (Fig. 17)

nasica Osburn

Third and fourth tergites without pollinose fasciae

(Fig. 18) fusca Weisman

SPECIES DIAGNOSIS
Sphecomyia vittata (Wiedemann), 1830. Figs. 1, 10.

Chr\sotoxum vittahun Wiedemann, 1830, Auss. zwei. Ins. 2:87.
Psarns ornatus Wiedemann, 1830, Auss. zwei. Ins. 2: 91.

-Macquart, 1834, Hist. nat. dipt. 1 : 491.
Sphecomyia vittata, Macquart, 1842, Dipt. Exot. 2:18. — Gor-

ski, 1852, Annal. ad Ent. prov. Rossici. 1 : 170. — Zetterstedt,

1855, Dipt. Scand. 12: 4646. --Hunter, 1869, Canad. Ent.

28: 101. — Osten-Sacken, 1876, Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Bui.

3: 62; 1877, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey of Ter. 3: 342.
-Roder, 1879, Entomol. Nachricht. 7 : 96. --Williston, 1886,

U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 31: 257. - -Portschinsky, 1887, Russ.

Ent. Obshch. Trudy. 21: 8. --Chagnon, 1901. Nat. Canad.

28: 71. --Aldrich, 1905, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 46: 405.
-Jones, 1907, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 15 : 99. —Osburn, 1908,

Canad. Ent. 40: 14. --Kertesz. 1910. Cat. dipt. hucu. descr.

7: 349. -Metcalf, 1913, Ohio Biol. Survey, Bui. 1: 98.

—Shannon, 1925, Pan-Pacific Ent. 2: 43. --Curran, 1932,

Amer. Mus. Novitates 519: 8. —Stone (et a/.), 1965, U. S.

Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 276: 613. --Weisman, 1965, Ent.

News 76: 268.

Distinguished from others of genus by elongate 1st and 2nd
antennal segments and pollinose area on pteropleuron.

MALE : Pollinose areas yellow ; face with medial black stripe ;
antennae black, segments 1:1: £, 3rd segment subtriangular,

192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1966

arista f length of 1st segment; thoracic scutum with 2 pollinose
vittae broadly interrupted medially forming 4 areas, none con-
fluent with thoracic margins, anterior pair "tear-drop" shaped ;
anterior-dorsal area of pteropleuron and scutellum pollinose;
1st abdominal tergite with 1 pollinose fascia, tergites 2-4 with
2 fasciae, anterior fascia interrupted, posterior fascia entire;
epandrium with apices of claspers rounded and directed caudo-
ventrally, ventral surface with basal lobe ; penis sheath with
dehiscent system ; axial system with sustentacular apodeme un-
keeled, ejaculatory hood rounded apically.

FEMALE : Similar to male except facial stripe is wider.

DISCUSSION : Chrysoto.vum vittatum and Psarus ornatiis were
both declared synonymous with Latreille's specimens by Mac-
quart (1842) who also emended vittatum to vittata.

Sphecomyia vespiformis (Gorski), 1852. Figs. 2, 11.

Tyzenhauzia vespiformis Gorski, 1852, Annal. ad Ent. prov.
"Rossici. 1: 170.

SpJiecomvia vespiformis, Wahlberg, 1854, Ofvers. Kongl. Vet.
Akad. "Forhandl. 11: 155. --Zetterstedt, 1855, Dipt. Scand.
12:4646; 1859, Dipt. Scand. 13: 5075. -Schiner, 1857,
Zool.-Bot. Ver. Wien, Verhandl. 7: 445; 1862, Fauna Austr.
1: 367; 1864, Cat. system, dipt, europ. 112. -Bonsdorff,
1861, Finlands tvaving. Ins. 6: 213. -— Curran, 1932, Amer.
Mus. Novitates 519: 8. --Stone (et a/.), 1965, U. S. Dept.
Agr., Agr. Handb. 276: 612. --Weisman, 1965, Ent. News
76 : 268.

Spliccomyia vittata, Roder, 1879, Entomol. Nachricht. 7 : 96.

-Portschinsky, 1887, Russ. Ent. Obshch. Trudy. 21: 8.

-Aldrich, 1905, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 46: 405. --Kertesz,

1910, Cat. dipt. hucu. descr. 7: 349. -Stackelberg, 1958,

Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Zool. Inst, Trudy. 24: 244. --Seguy,

1961, Dipt. Syrph. Europe Decedent. Serie A(23) : 156.

This species, likely to be confused only with 5". vittata, has a
Palearctic distribution. The preceding description will apply
here, except as follows :

MALE: 1st antennal segment shorter, segments 1:1^:-|;
pteropleuron nonpollinose ; pollinose areas of thoracic scutum

Lxxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193

narrow, posterior pair divergent posteriorly ; basal ^ of scutellum
pollinose ; epandrium with claspers appearing more robust, in-
vagination preceeding ventral lobe not as deep; ejaculatory hood
with ridge on caudal face.

FEMALE : Pollinose area of scutellum wider, facial stripe
wider.

DISCUSSION: Loew (1851, Stettin Ent. Ztg. 11: 307)
initially mentioned this species but failed to name or describe
it. Gorski (1852) assigned it the generic name Tysenhauzia
and stated that evidently his specimens and Latreille's were very
similar in appearance but an opportunity for inspecting them
(\S\ I'ittata) had escaped him. Apparently Gorski's main reason
for creation of Tyzenhauzia was due to Latreille's description
of Spliccoui\ia being erroneous concerning the arista being in-
serted in the second antennal segment.

Sphecomyia brevicornis Osten-Sacken, 1877. Figs. 9, 12.

Sphecoinyia brevicornis Osten-Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and
Geog. Survey of Ter. 3: 341. -Roder, 1879, Entomol.
Nachricht 7: 97. — Williston, 1882 Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc.
20: 328; 1886, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 31: 258. • -Aldrich,
1905, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 46: 404. — Osburn, 1908, Canad.
Ent. 40: 11. — Kertesz, 1910, Cat. dipt. hucu. descr. 7: 348.
-Shannon, 1925, Pan-Pacific Ent. 2 : 43. —Hull, 1949, Zool.
Soc. London, Trans. 26: 264. —Stone (et a/.), 1965, U .S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 276: 612. - -Weisman, 1965, Ent.

News 75 : 266.

Sphecomyia vespiformis, Curran, 1932, Amer. Mus. Xovitates,
519:8.

This species, although somewhat similar to both previously
described species due to pollinose pattern of thoracic scutum,
may be distinguished by the black diamond-shaped area medially
on 3rd and 4th tergites and shorter antennae.

MALE : Front with medial longitudinal groove ; antennal seg-
ments 1:1: -J, 3rd segment suborbicular, arista yellow, apical \
black; thoracic scutum with anterior pollinose areas confluent
with anterior thoracic margin, twice length of posterior pair:
pteropleuron nonpollinose ; 1st abdominal tergite with 1 pollinose

194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jluv> 1966

fascia, tergites 2-4 with 2 fasciae, 3rd and 4th tergites with
black diamond-shaped area; epandrum with apices of claspers
acute, ventral surface without deep imagination ; horn of chiti-
nous box subtruncate at apex.

FEMALE : Front with sparse black pile and lacks groove.

Sphecomyia columbiana Vockeroth, 1965. Figs. 7, 15.

Sphecomyia columbiana Vockeroth, 1965, Canad. Ent. 97: 86.
-Weisman, 1965, Ent. News 76 : 268.

The absence of a pollinose fascia on 1st tergite distinguishes
this species. I shall only complement Vockeroth's description
as follows : penis sheath with dehiscent system, ventral surface
with minute pile medially ; axial system with sustentacular
apodeme unkeeled, horn of chitinous box produced acutely on
apical cephalad angle, produced and rounded on apical caudal
angle.

Sphecomyia pattonii Williston, 1882. Figs. 6, 13.

Sphecomyia pattonii Williston, 1882, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc.
20: 328. • -Kertesz, 1910, Cat. dipt. hucu. descr. 7: 349.
—Vockeroth, 1965, Canad. Ent. 97: 86. —Stone (ct a/.),
1965, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 276: 613. —Weisman,
1965, Ent. News 76: 268.

Calliprobola calorhina Bigot, 1883, Soc. Ent. de France, Ann.
32:353.

Sphecomyia pattoni, Williston, 1886, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 31 :
258, 299. — Aldrich, 1905, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 46: 404.
-Osburn, 1908, Canad. Ent. 40: 14. —Shannon, 1925, Pan-
Pacific Ent. 2: 43. --Curran, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novitates
519:8.

Differs most sharply from S. dyari, which it closely resembles,
by absence of definite pollinose area on pteropleuron, black pile
of scutellum, and shape of male's claspers.

MALE : Pollinose areas yellow ; face with medial black stripe ;
antennal segments 1:1:2, 3rd segment suborbicular, arista ^
longer than combined segments; scutellum black pilose, some
specimens with short yellow pile underlying black pile, basal

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

FIGS. 1-9. Heads of male Sphecomyia: 1, S. vittata; 2, S. rcspi-
formis; 3, S. dyari; 4, S. nasica; 5, S. fusca; 6, S. pattonii; 7, S.
columbiana; 8, S. occidentalis; 9, S. brci'icornis.

196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u. 1966

border pollinose; 1st tergite with 1 pollinose fascia, tergites 2-4
with 2 fasciae, anterior fascia interrupted, posterior fascia entire ;
epandrium with apices of claspers rounded, ventral surface with
basal lobe ; penis sheath with dehiscent system ; axial system
with sustentacular apodeme unkeeled, horn of chitinous box
flanged on apical -i.

FEMALE : Facial stripe wider, front with sparse black pile and
groove.

Sphecomyia dyari Shannon, 1925. Figs. 3, 14.

Sphecomyia dyari Shannon, 1925, Pan-Pacific Ent. 2: 43.
-Vockeroth, 1965, Canad. Ent. 97: 86. --Stone (et al.),
1965, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 276: 612. — Weisman,
1965, Ent. News, 76: 266.

This species, very similar to S. pattonii, may be differentiated
as follows : arista generally shorter ; pollinose area on pteropleu-
ron ; scutellum yellow pilose ; epandrium with claspers elongate
and directed upward at apical ^., ventral surface without basal
lobe ; penis sheath with open system ; horn of chitinous box
flanged on cephalad surface only.

Sphecomyia occidentalis Osburn, 1908. Figs. 8, 16.

Sphecoinvia occidentalis Osburn, 1908, Canad. Ent. 40: 12.
-Shannon, 1925, Pan-Pacific Ent. 2: 43. — Curran, 1932,

Amer. Mus. Novitates 519: 8. —Stone (ct al.}, 1965, U. S.

Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 276: 612. --Weisman, 1965, Ent.

News 76 : 265.

Sphecomyia p attorn, Osburn, 1904, Canad. Ent. 36: 262.
Sphecomyia pattonii, Kertesz, 1910, Cat. dipt. hucu. descr. 7 :

349.

Separated from others of genus by pollinose pattern of thoracic
scutum and elongate 3rd antennal segment.

MALE : Pollinose areas yellow ; face lacks black stripe ; an-
tennal segments 1 : 1 : 2i, arista about equal to combined
antennal segments ; thoracic scutum with pollinose patterns as in
Fig. 16, pollinose area on pteropleuron ; 1st abdominal tergite
with 1 pollinose fascia, tergites 2-4- with 2 fasciae, anterior fascia

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

197

FIGS. 10-18. Semidiagramatic representation of dorsal surfaces of
male Sphecomyia: 10, 6". riftata; 11, S. vcspijormis; 12, S. brcricornis;
13, S. pattonii; 14, S. dyari; 15, 5\ colitnibiana ; 16, S. occidentalis;
17, 5". nasica; 18, S. fttsca.

198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jub'> 1966

interrupted, posterior fascia entire; posterior margin of 4th
sternite undulated, 7th segment with ventrally projected tuber-
cle ; epandrium with apices of claspers acute, basal ventral lobe
produced into hook-like process ; penis sheath with open system ;
axial system with sustentacular apodeme keeled, apex of ejacula-
tory hood rounded and directed ventrally, horn appears attached
to chitinous box.

FEMALE : Face with medial stripe, front black pilose, 4th
sternite and ventral surface of 7th segment unmodified.

Sphecomyia nasica Osburn, 1908. Figs. 4, 17.

Sphecomyia nasica Osburn, 1908, Canad. Ent. 40: 13. — Shan-
non, 1925, Pan-Pacific Ent. 2: 43. --Curran, 1932, Amer.
Mus. Novitates 519: 8. — Weisman, 1964, Ent. News 75:
266; 1965, 76: 268. —Stone (et a/.), 1965, U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr.Handb. 276:612.

Readily distinguished from others of genus by 1 pollinose
fascia on tergites 1-4.

MALE : Pollinose areas yellow ; face lacks black stripe ; front
with longitudinal groove ; antennal segments 1:1:2, 3rd seg-
ment suborbicular, arista about ^ longer than combined seg-
ments ; scutellum yellow pilose ; abdominal tergites 1-4 with 1
pollinose fascia and with dense appressed yellow pile along-
posterior border ; epandrium with apices of claspers rounded
and directed caudally, base with lateral evagination ; penis sheath
with open system ; axial system with sustentacular apodeme
keeled, chitinous box without horn, apex of ejaculatory hood
rounded.

FEMALE : Face with medial black stripe, front black pilose.

Sphecomyia fusca Weisman, 1964. Figs. 5,18.

Sphccom\ia jusca Weisman, 1964, Ent. News 75: 266; Ent.
News, "1965, 76 : 268.

Distinguished from others of genus by absence of pollinose
fasciae on 3rd and 4th tergites. It is similar and appears closely

LxXVliJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199

related to S. nasica. The preceeding description will apply here,
except as follows :

MALE : Pollinose areas grayish ; 3rd and 4th abdominal ter-
gites lack fasciae, 3rd tergite of some specimens exhibit faint
pair of pollinose spots; chitinous box with apex of dorso-candal
tubercle truncate, apex of ejaculatory hood horn acute, directed
cephalad.

FEMALE : Face with medial black stripe, front black pilose.

In listing the types of S. fitsca an error was made, the cor-
rection is as follows : Holotype ; Sierra Co., Gold Lake, July 8,
1954 (Blaylock). Allotype; Nevada Co., near Hobart Mills,
June 23, 1962 (Parker). Paratypes; 5 J*^, Sierra Co., Gold
Lake, July 8, 1954 (Bohart) ; 2 $$, Nevada Co., Sagehen Creek
near Hobart Mills, June 18, 1962 (Irwin)— 1 <j>, Sierra Co.,
Yuba Pass, July 6, 1962 (Irwin). All types are from California.

The Immature Stages of Axima zabriskiei
Howard (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae)

B. D. BURKS, Entomology Research Divison, Agric. Res. Serv.,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

In 1890, Howard published a brief description of the larva
and pupa of Axima zabriskiei: "Larva of Axima has six or
more strong dorsal tubercles and head of pupa is strongly tuber-
culate." Nothing further was published on the distinctive im-
mature stages of this eurytomid until Krombein (1960) reared
it from Ceratina calcarata Robertson and mentioned that the
pupa of zabriskiei has "a flange on each side of the abdomen
with a narrow curved expansion . . . presumably to assist in
holding the pupa in position." In the present paper I present
illustrations and descriptions of the mature larva and the pupa
of zabriskiei, drawn from Krombein's material.

The mature larvae of most Eurytomidae have long been
known to have small dorsal protuberances on the abdominal seg-
ments, as illustrated by Parker (1924). These protuberances

200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1966

are situated at the segmental boundaries, and an intersegmental
suture can be seen to pass through the center of each. They
are not, however, restricted to the eurytomid larvae, but occur
also, although poorly developed, in many torymid and some
pteromalid larvae. Consequently, only a chalcidoid larva hav-
ing such protuberances strongly developed may be placed with
confidence as an eurytomid. However, not all mature eurytomid
larvae have these dorsal protuberances; phytophagous larvae,
such as Harmolita and Bcphrata, or plant-feeding species of
Enrytoma, such as E. amygdali Enderlein, have them only
slightly developed or wanting entirely.

Among eurytomid larvae Axima sabriskici has the largest
intersegmental protuberances. In the mature larva, Fig. 1,
there is a low mid-dorsal projection at the suture separating
the metathorax and the first abdominal segment. There are 5
much larger, pointed projections at the sutures separating ab-
dominal segments 1 to 6, and a low, rounded one midway between
the anterior and posterior margins of abdominal segment 8.
Segment 9 bears a more broadly rounded dorsal projection.

The larva of zabriskiei is sparsely setose, unlike many euryto-
mid larvae. There are 3 pairs of setae on the head, Fig. 4, a
single pair of subdorsal ones on each thoracic segment, 2 pairs
on the first abdominal segment, and one pair on each of the
following abdominal segments. These setae are unique in being
capitate, Fig. 2; such setae are not known elsewhere in the
Eurytomidae.

The distribution of spiracles (Fig. 1) in the mature larva of
zabriskici, 2 thoracic pairs and 7 abdominal pairs, is the same
as in other known eurytomid larvae. See Parker (1924) and
Silvestri (1920) for illustrations of several eurytomid larvae.

The head, shown in anterior aspect in Fig. 4, bears a pair of
minute, peglike antennae. The pleurostoma bears 2 pairs of
mid-dorsal sensoria, but the labrum apparently none. The man-
dibles each have a single apical tooth, unlike the mandibles in
some eurytomid larvae, such as E. amygdali, that have 2 teeth.
The maxillary-labial lobe is a simple, rounded structure, without
palpi and without visible openings for the salivary ducts.

Ixxvii ]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

201

FIG. 1. Mature larva of Axima zabriskiei Howard, lateral aspect.

FIG. 2. Capitate seta, greatly enlarged.

FIG. 3. Abdomen of mature pupa, lateral aspect, pel, pupal pellicle ;
pet, petiole of adult ; prop, propodeum of adult.

FIG. 4. Head of mature larva, anterior aspect, ant, antenna; lab,
labrum ; m, mandible ; ni-l, maxillary-labial lobe ; pi, pleurostoma.

202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1966

The abdomen of the mature pupa of zabriskiei is shown in
lateral aspect in Fig. 3. The pupal sheath, a tenuous pellicle,
through which the propodeum, petiole, and gaster of the adult
can be seen, bears 4 midventral protuberances and a narrow,
longitudinal flange along the midlateral line. This flange is
produced near the apex of the abdomen as a pair of narrow,
curved and hooklike, lateral expansions which are joined at the
apex of the abdomen by a narrow ventral flange. The head of
the pupa bears a pair of prominent, rounded projections on the
vertex. Within these may be seen the pair of sharp spines
borne in this position by the adult.

I have not seen the egg of zabriskiei, but it very likely bears
an elongate pedicel at its proximal end, as is illustrated for sev-
eral eurytomid eggs by Parker (1924).

REFERENCES CITED

HOWARD, L. O. 1890. A North American Axima and its habits. Ins.

Life 2 : 365-367.
KROMBEIN, K. V. 1960. Biological notes on some Hymenoptera that

nest in sumach pith. Ent. News 71 : 32, 68.
PARKER, H. L. 1924. Recherches stir les formes post-embryonnaires des

chalcidiens. Ann. Ent. Soc. de France 93 : 261-392.
SILVESTRI, F. 1920. Parassiti delle ova del grilletto cantarino. Bol.

Lab. Zool. gen. e agr., Portici 14: 223-241.

IxXVli] ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS 203

Books

Aspects of Insect Biochemistry (Biochemical Society Sym-
posium No. 25, held in London, 1 April, 1965). Organized and
edited by T. W. GOODWIN. Pp. xii + 107. Academic Press,
London and Xew York, 1965. Price : 37 s, 6 d.

There are papers by J. E. TREHERNE on active transport in
insects ; by TH. BUCHER on formation of the specific structural
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body ; by BRUNET on aromatic compounds ; by WIGGLESWORTH
on hormones ; and by RUDALL on skeletal structures in insects.
There are twenty electronmicrographs and x-ray diffraction
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In his introduction, the Chairman, Sir Vincent Wigglesworth,
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kins, once remarked that 'Life is a dynamic equilibrium in a
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that way of putting it. As an histologist I should prefer to
say that 'Life is a structure which controls the chemical
processes in its aqueous environment' — that is, in the milieu
iutcricnr of the cell."

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Wanted. Services of a capable artist to make some drawings of
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Oestridae wanted. Botflies of Nearctic deer, elk, caribou, sheep ;
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fly fauna of Liberia from 280 to 475 species and another 254
species are noted as probably to be found. Two new tribes, 5
new genera, 13 new species and subspecies are described. Il-
lustrations include photographs and, where pertinent, drawings
of genitalia of all holotypes, along with photographs and draw-
ings of closely related forms for comparison. The distribution
of each species is given and those more difficult to identify or
previously confused are treated at greater length. All known
records from Liberia are noted. A 46 page introduction details
climatic conditions and biotopes in Liberia and analyzes the
zoogeographic and ecologic relationships of the butterflies of
Liberia and of Occidental Africa.

Price $12.50

THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL

SOCIETY

1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

OCTOBER IflOO

Vol. LXXVII No. «

CONTENTS

Allen — The genus Epomidiopteron Romano! (Ilym.) 205

Spangler — A new cryptic species of Cymbiodyta (Col.) 211

McDermott — Correction (Col. : Lampyridae) 216

Alexander — New exotic crane-flies. Part XIII (Dipt. ) 217

Hull — Notes on Neodiplocampta, etc. (Dipt. ) 225

Medler — Resin bee using trap nests (Hym.) 22S

Reviews . 230

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII OCTOBER, 1966 No. 8

The Genus Epomidiopteron Romand
(Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)

HARRY W. ALLEN x- 2

EPOMIDIOPTERON Romand

Epomidiopteron Romand, 1836, Ann. Soc. Ent. France 4: 653.
Type, Epomidiopteron julii Romand. Monobasic. — Sichel, in
Saussure and Sichel, 1864, Cat. Especes Scolia, etc. p. 264.-
Saussure, in Grandidier, 1892, Hist. Madagascar 20: 236.—
Ashmead, 1903, Can. Ent. 35: 39.— Bridwell (Ephnodiop-
teron!) 1919, Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. 4: 119.— Pate, 1949,
Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 55 : 129.

Scoliphia Banks, 1912, Can. Ent. 44, 201. Type, Scoliphia
spilota Banks. Monobasic and by original designation.—
Bridwell, Hawaii Ent. Soc. 4 : 119.

This genus can be immediately separated from other Ameri-
can genera of the subfamily Tiphiinae by its large size, black
wings, and maculated thorax and abdomen. The characters in
which it differs from one or more of the other genera are
given below.

Yestiture of head, thorax and abdomen is short, sparse, and
relatively inconspicuous. Clypeus white in the male, smoothly
arched with a convex margin. Mandible cusped in both sexes.
Mouth opening elongate; polished, submandibular triangle lack-
ing : palpi much reduced in size. Scutum lacks an anteromedian

1 Research Fellow in Entomology, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia and Collaborator, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

2 This is the sixth paper in a study by the author of the Tiphiinae of
the New World supported by Grant GB-1240 of the National Science
Foundation.

(205)

206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

groove, but has in middle area, anterior to punctures, four
obscure grooves. Mesopleuron in both sexes lacks prepectal
carina. Tegula nearly twice as long as wide. Forewing densely
and entirely blackish with bluish reflections ; radial cell of female
open ; first transverse cubitus an elongate spur of uniform thick-
ness nearly separating first and second cubital cells ; stigma
small, indistinct. Sensorium on inner surface of tibia absent.
Hind basitarsus of female without a longitudinal groove.

Dorsum of propodeum without areola in female ; with only
one transverse carina. Side of propodeum only obscurely
rugulose. Tergum 1 with an obscure transverse carina in both
sexes, without sunken setigerous sensorium on sides. Sternum
without escutcheon or ventrally directed spine. Abdominal
terga and sterna broad, with ribbon-like apical impunctate bands.
Pygidium of female finely punctate basally, finely shagreened at
apex, with tufts of fine erect bristles between the two areas.
Sixth sternum not conspicuously sculptured in either sex.

The genotype, a female from Cayenne, French Guiana, de-
scribed with remarkable clarity by Romand over 130 years ago,
has not been seen by the author. Dr. Karl Krombein of the
Smithsonian Institute who recently studied Hymenoptera types
in Paris and Munich, states (in litt.) "I think that the probable
type of Epomidioptcron julii Romand is in Munich. It is a
female bearing four labels as follows : "Cayenne/coll. Guerin" :
"Cay."; "coll. Guerin"; and "Epomidiopteron/julii/Rom./
Cayenne." There is no specimen in the Paris Museum labeled
as Romand's type."

This wasp despite its rarity has been collected over a much
wider range of environments than any other species of the
subfamily. Small variations have been observed, but until larger
series are available it seems advisable to consider all as belonging
to one species.

Epomidiopteron julii Romand

Epomidioptcron julii Romand, 1836, Ann. Soc. Ent. France
4: 653. — Romand, 1938. Trans. Ent. Soc. London ser. 2, 2:
149.- — Sichel in Saussure and Sichel, 1864, Cat. Spec. Scolia

IxxviiJ I:\TOMOLOGICAL .\K\VS 207

p. 265. — Saussure in Grandidier, 1892, Hist. Madagascar 20 :
236. — Holmberg, 1903, Ann. Mus. Buenos Aires ser. 3, 2:
504.— Allen, 1962, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 88 : 72.

Parat\phia 12-maculata Cameron, 1904, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc
30: 94.

Scoliphia spilota Banks, 1912, Can. Ent. 44, 201.

Epomidiopteron duodecemmaculata Cameron, Allen, 1962,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 88 : 61. New Synonym.

Female. — Front with an impunctate ridge bordering inner eye
orbit ; least distance between eyes is at level of lowest ocellus
where it is 0.88 times as great as at level of lower margin of
antennal sockets. Clypeus with small white spot near base of
mandible ; margin moderately sinuous and in front view not
receding near base of mandible. Antennal flagellum with first
joint longer than wide, the next three wider than long.

Dorsal pronotum with a white spot at humeral angle ; impunc-
tate apex more clearly defined than in male, about half the
median length. Lateral pronotum without anterior process, or
median groove. Mesopleuron with broad white spot near
tegula; without prepectal ridge or suture; its large round
shallow punctures largely grouped in middle area, with numer-
ous secondary punctures. Scutellum and metathorax each with
a small white spot. Legs black to dark reddish brown. Middle
and hind tibia on outside with numerous stout spines, subobsolete
except for dorsal rows ; hairs fine, short and sparse ; faintly
carinate toward base. Tegula 1.5 times as long as wide with
parallel sides, completely fine shagreened. Wings violaceous
black ; spur from radial vein nearly bisects second cubital cell as
in Paratiphia ; radial cell open and much elongated.

Dorsal propodeum strongly arched, with coarse, round, con-
tiguous punctures medially ; transverse apical carina sinuous and
prominently elevated on either side of median line. Areola
nearly obsolete and consists of an elongate depressed impunctate
area tapered at both ends and about three times as long as wide.
Tergum 1 with a white spot laterally and with a prominent
transverse carina; punctures coarse and largely in small plaques
or short rows ; almost devoid of vestiture except for short in-
conspicuous hairs at sides. Sternum 1 without escutcheon or

208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

well-defined sculpturing. Intermediate terga with a lateral white
spot on 2 and 3, almost devoid of vestiture ; punctures increasing
in size posteriorly in each segment to a terminal row of very
coarse ones in middle of each tergum, with broad, ribbon-like
impunctate apices. Sternum 2 with a broad, median tubercle.
Sterna with apical bands as on terga. Pygidium with white spot
at base, with fine, regular punctures on basal two-fifths, punctate
part bordered apically by a row of clustered black bristles ;
apical part smooth except for shagreening in which the elements
increase greatly in size from base to tip. Sixth sternum uni-
formly fine punctate except for polished crescent-shaped apex
which is separated from punctate part by a dense row of bristly
hairs.

Length, 16 to 18 mm.

Male. — Like the female except as noted below. Head length
1.1 times head width. Least distance between eyes is at level
of lower edge of antennal fossae. Clypeus white with black
apical fringe, and with smaller white spots on cheek ; margin
smoothly arcuate and in front view visible to base of mandible.

Dorsum of pronotum coarsely first-degree punctate anteriorly,
punctures more scattered posteriorly without a well-defined
impunctate apex ; completely fine shagreened. Forewing with
radial cell closed, much elongated but not equal to second
cubital cell in apical extension.

Dorsal propodeum with an obscure apical transverse carina ;
an inconspicuous areola broadest at apex, depressed ; area beside
areola with coarse, round punctures and numerous micropunc-
tures. Pygidium with its apical margin obtusely V-shaped.
Sixth sternum smoothly convex with an impunctate apex
terminating in a margin that is slightly emarginate on sides.
Uncus usually concealed. Genitalia (Figs. 1 and 2) with
paramere modified into a conspicuous laterally oriented, heavily
sclerotized plate enclosing rear of sixth tergum and arranged
like a hood over much thinner convolute lobes of parameral
plate. Cuspis much smaller than paramere with its apex
acuminate. Another small structure situated posteroventrad to
cuspis possesses upright terminal hairs. Aedeagus short, stout
and broadest at the lobate apex.

Ixxvii ]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

209

IMC,. 1. Genitalia of male from "Palmerlee" Arizona, paratype of
Banks. AE, acdcagus ; C, cupis ; P, paramere ; PP, parameral plate.

FIG. 2. Same as Fig. 1 showing bilobate tip of parameral plate
under the hooded paramere.

.-/. C. U' ill in ins. del.

210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

Length, 13 to 15 mm.

Only 7 males and 6 females of this rare and showy wasp have
been seen by the author in the many thousands of North and
South American Tiphiinae examined. These have been taken
over a very wide range of environment, from Arizona to
Argentina.

The type, a female from Cayenne, French Guiana, and pre-
sumably the specimen in the Zoologische Commlung des Bayeris-
chen Staates at Munich has not been seen by the author. Holm-
berg (number and sex not listed) states that the species occurs
at Formosa, Argentina and "Pard," Brazil. These also not seen
by the author. The Brazilian locality might be any of several
places in southeastern Brazil. Sichel mentions specimens from
Brazil that I have not seen. Others examined by me are as
follows :

1 (£, Santarem (presumably Brazil) at Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y. Genitalia and other characters appear identical
with Arizona specimens, except for small variations in the yellow
spots. 1 J* labelled "probably from Colonia Hansa, Brazil,"
Baker Collection, Cornell University differs slightly from the
Arizona specimens in having a thin, complete median carina
on posterior aspect of propodeum ; transverse propodeal carina
obsolete at sides and there is no row of punctures in that area.
1 <$ labelled "Ichilo, Buena Vista, Martinez, Bolivia" at the
U. S. National Museum appears identical in all respects includ-
ing the genitalia with the Arizona specimens. 1 5 at the
American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y., from
Tingo Maria, Huan., Peru has yellow spots on side of five
abdominal segments ; posterior aspect of propodeum has a high,
complete, transverse carina bordered by a regular row of round
punctures, and there is no medium carina. 1 5 at the American
Museum of Natural History from Palmar, Manabi, Equador,
collected 10-V-41, has a broad white band on the clypeus ; trans-
verse carina of propodeum obsolete medially with no row of
punctures in that area; no thin medium carina on posterior
aspect of propodeum. 1 <§ from Panama at Natural History
Museum, London (type of \2-maculata} appears identical with

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211

Arizona specimens. 1 $ labelled "Garcia" Arizona, type of
spilota Banks, at Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass., collected in August by Biederman. There are spots on
the sides of three abdominal segments in this specimen ; trans-
verse propodeal carina is complete but there is no bordering row
of punctures, 3 ££, "Palmerlee" Ariz, and paratypes of spilota
have body characters and genitalia that are apparently the same
as specimens from Brazil and Peru. 2 $5, Ramsey Canyon,
Huachuca Mts., Ariz, collected by Wm. Mann. 1 <$, Ramsey
Canyon, Huachuca Mts. Ariz, collected by Werner and Butler,
5-IX-51 on Melilotus alba.

A New Cryptic Species of Cymbiodyta from the
Midwestern U. S. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

PAUL J. SPANGLER a

This new species from Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska be-
longs to the Cymbiodyta species group which has only the su-
tural striae. It is very similar to Cymbiodyta fimbriata (Mel-
sheimer) but it is somewhat larger and more robust. In
\Yinter's (1927) key this new species runs to couplet 10 but
may be distinguished readily by its distinctive male genitalia
from the other species, C. fimbriata (Melsheimer ). C. vindi-
cata Fall, and the recently described C. Jiatchi Miller (1964)
that also run to that couplet.

Cymbiodyta toddi, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-7)

Length of holotype male 5.2 mm, greatest width 3.0 mm.
Color of head piceous except indistinct margins before eyes and
anterior edge of labrum reddish brown ; pronotum piceous ex-
cept narrow anterior and broader lateral margins reddish brown ;
elytra piceous except moderately broad reddish brown lateral

1 Department of Entomology, United States National Museum, Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (October, 1966

margins. Venter piceous except reddish brown epipleura of
pronotum and elytra ; maxillary and labial palpi testaceous ;
antenna with basal segments testaceous and club dark reddisb
brown. Legs dark reddisb brown except slightly lighter col-
ored knees.

Head densely, moderately coarsely punctate ; punctures sep-
arated by distance equal to half their width ; punctures more
dense around eyes. Labrum feebly emarginate medially ; mod-
erately densely punctate, punctures finer apically.

Pronotum twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, finely mar-
gined anteriorly and laterally, antero- and posterolateral angles
obtuse.

Elytra with punctures similar to those of pronotum, no striae
present except sutural stria on apical half, three rows of coarser
serial punctures on discal area and one row of coarser punctures
laterally on each elytron, apical angles obtuse. Scutellum punc-
tate similarly to elytra.

Venter with short, fine, dense pubescence. Prosternum not
carinate. Mesosternum with short transverse ridge ; ridge al-
most straight and not angularly elevated or dentiform at middle.
Last abdominal segment entire at apex.

Legs with femora pubescent in basal three-fourths. Protarsus
with five segments, first four segments subequal ; fifth segment
about three-fourths as long as first four segments combined ;
protarsal claws about one-third as long as last tarsal segment
and not dentate.

Aedeagus (Figs. 2, 3) with parameres strongly sinuate later-
ally and tapering to slender apices, apices almost straight ; inner
edges of parameres feebly sinuate ; median lobe broad at base,
bluntly pointed apically and concave medially. In ventral view,
gonopore near apex of median lobe.

Female: Similar to male.

Variations: Specimens of both sexes in the type series vary
considerably in color from ochraceous to piceous. However,
the lighter colored specimens appear to be teneral individuals
and the mature forms are piceous. The specimens vary in
length from 5.0 mm to 5.5 mm.

IxxviiJ

KXTOMOLOGK'AL NKWS

213

Holotype: Male, KANSAS, Douglas Co., Lone Star Lake-,
Y 1-10-1952, P. J. Spangler. Type No. 68919, deposited in

the U. S. National Museum.

Allotypc: Same data as holotype.

Cymbiodyta toddi n. sp., holotype. FIG. 1. Habitus view.

Paratypcs: 18 J\^, 21 5$, same data as holotype. 3 J1^, same
locality as holotype, IV-27-1953, P. ]. Spangler. KANSAS:
3JJ, Douglas Co.. Grant Twp., "Scorpion Hill," IV-19-1952,
P. J. Spangler; 1 J\ same locality, IV-25-1952, P. J. Spangler.
9JJ, Douglas Co., NI 1-2-1951,' P. ]. Spangler. 1 £, Johnson
Co., 4 mile E. Sunflower, 1X-1 2-1952, Spangler and Bell; 1 J\
Johnson Co., 2 mi. \Y. Sunflower, IV-4-1953, P. J. Spangler.
NEBRASKA : 1 J1, no other data, C. V. Riley. MISSOURI : 3 <$<$,
10 miles E. Anderson, YII-1 2-1960, E. Todd. 1 J, 5 miles W.
Linn, Big Maries River. 11-25-1956. P. J. Spangler. 1 ^,
Cassville, IX-9-1953, P. J. S])angler. 1 ^, Kingdom City,
VI-25-1954. P. I. Spangler. 1 ^, Columbia. MM Pond. Y-l-

214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

1960, D. Kuester (U. Mo.). 1 <$, Columbia, Cans Creek, V-
7-1962, L. J. B. (U. Mo.).

Because of the difficulty of identifying females, I have desig-
nated the allotype and female paratypes only from the type col-
lection made on VI-10-1952, when all males in the large series
collected were the new species.

All of the types listed above are the property of the U. S.
National Museum except two followed by the abbreviation (U.
Mo.) which were kindly lent to me by Dr. Wilbur R. Enns,
Director of the Entomology Museum, University of Missouri.

It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this new species to my
friend and colleague. Dr. Edward L. Toclcl who collected some
of the paratypes of this new species.

Habitat: Specimens were collected at Lone Star Lake from
the overflow area below the breast of the dam, along the lake
shore, and from a drainage ditch alongside the lake. The speci-
mens from "Scorpion Hill" were collected along the shore of a
stock pond. In most cases, specimens were collected among
dead leaves and other decaying vegetation.

Discussion: The use of color is unsatisfactory for separating
some of the species of Cymbiodyta belonging to the group of
species that run to couplet 10 in Winter's (1927) key. Unfor-
tunately, other characters such as the presence or absence of an
emarginate margin of the last sternum, present on some speci-
mens, also seem to vary. Apparently the only reliable char-
acter for separating the species of this group is the male geni-
talia.

The following key will separate the males of the four species
that run to couplet 10 in Winter's key.

1. Median lobe of male genitalia angulate at apex (Figs.

2,3,6,7) 2

Cymbiodyta toddi n. sp., holotype. FIG. 2. Male genitalia, dorsal
view. FIG. 3. Male genitalia, ventral view.

Cymbiodyta vindicate! Fall. FIG. 4. Male genitalia, dorsal view. FIG.
5. Male genitalia, ventral view.

Cymbiodyta fimbriata ( Melsheimer). FIG. 6. Male genitalia, dorsal
view. FIG. 7. Male genitalia, ventral view.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\\ S

215

216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | October, 1(>(>(>

Median lobe of male genitalia truncate at apex (Fig.
4,5) 3

2. Apices of parameres slender, sinuate and slightly curved

outward (Figs. 2, 3 ) ; midwestern United States

toddi sp. nov.

Apices of parameres broad and curved inward (Figs. 6,

7) ; eastern and midwestern United States

fimbriata Melsh.

3. Apices of parameres curved inward (Figs. 4, 5) ; North-

ern United States vindicata Fall

Apices of parameres straight ; northwestern United States . . .
hatchi Mil.

REFERENCES

MILLER, D. C. 1964. Notes on Enochms and Cymbiodyta from the Pa-
cific Northwest. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Coleop. Bui. 18
( 3) : 69-78.

WINTERS, F. C. 1927. Key to the subtribe Helocharae Orchym. (Cole-
optera-Hydrophilidae) of Boreal America. Pan-Pacific Ent. 4 (1) :
19-29.

A Correction

In the description of Aspisoma yechae n. sp., ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL NEWS, 1966, Vol. 77, pp. 132-135, the abdominal spiracles
are noted on p. 134 as ventral. This is a mistake, as these
spiracles are definitely on the dorsum. I wish I could explain
how the mistake occurred and why I did not catch it in reading
the proof.

FRANK A. MCDERMOTT.

l\.\\ii| EXTOMOLOCICAL .\F.\\s 217

New Exotic Crane-Flies (Tipulidae: Diptera).

Part XIII

CHARLES I*. ALEXANDER. Amherst. Massachusetts1

The preceding part under this title \\as published in ENTO-
MOLOGICAL NEWS, Vol. 77 (3) : 69-78. At this time I am dis-
cussing further crane-flies from India belonging to the tribe
Hexatomini, all collected by Dr. Fernand Schmid.

Limnophila (Dicranophragma) analosuffusa, new species

General coloration of thorax brown, the praescutum with
three more yellowish brown stripes ; legs yellow, the femora with
a narrow pale brown subterminal ring; wings whitened, with a
very heavy dark brown pattern that includes markings in base
of cell 2nd A.

2- Length about 6 mm ; wing 6-6.2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape
dark brown, pedicel paler brown ; first flagellar segment clear
light yellow, the remainder dark brown. Head brown, faintly
dusted with yellow pollen.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotal praescutum with the restricted
ground dark brown, with three more yellowish brown stripes,
pseudosutural foveae darkened ; scutal lobes darkened, patterned
with brown ; posterior sclerites of notum darker brown, sparsely
pruinose. Pleura brown, restrictedly patterned with darker
spots. Halteres light brown, base of stem narrowly yellowed.
Legs with coxae dark brown ; trochanters obscure yellow, lower
surface with a blackened apical spot ; femora yellow with a nar-
row pale brown subterminal ring, the yellow apex slightly nar-
rower ; remainder of legs yellow. Wings with the restricted
ground whitened, prearcular and costal fields more yellowed ;
a very heavy and conspicuous dark brown pattern, paler in cells
M, Cn and the Anals, the darkened pattern exceeding the

1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of
Massachusetts.

218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

whitened ground except in cells C and Sc; compared with
venustipennis, with a darkened spot at tip of Scl and a larger
mark at near midlength of Rs in cells R and Rl ; cell 1st A
suffused, cell 2nd A with three more or less confluent brown
spots at base and near midlength, without a subterminal darken-
ing as in venustipennis. Venation: No spur near outer end
of vein 2nd A as in venustipennis.

Abdomen brownish black.

Habitat. INDIA (Assam). Holotype: J, Sirhoi Kashong,
Manipur, 6,000 feet, June 8, 1960 (Fernand Schmid). Parato-
potypc: 5» pinned with type.

Limnophila (Dicranophragmct) analosuffusa is quite dis-
tinct from other known species, especially in the wing pattern.
The closest relative appears to be L. (D.) venustipennis Alex-
ander (pulchripennis Brunetti, 1912, preoccupied) which dif-
fers in the characters outlined above.

Limnophila (Dicranophragma) karma, new species

Generally similar to venustipennis; wings of male broadest
opposite termination of vein 2nd A, of female opposite vein
1st A; no spur near tip of vein 2nd A nor a darkened cloud
before outer end of this cell.

cf. Length about 5-5.5 mm ; wing 5.5-6 mm ; antenna about
1 mm.

5- Length about 6.8-7 mm ; wing 6.2-6.5 mm.

Rostrum black, pruinose, mouthparts and palpi black. An-
tennae relatively short, the basal four segments yellow, outer
ones brown ; in male the proximal and intermediate flagellar
segments with long verticils, the longest exceeding three times
the segment. Head light gray in front, darker gray behind.

Pronotum with scutum brown, the scutellum much paler.
Mesonotal praescutum with three pale brownish gray stripes,
the intervening interspaces reduced to narrow brown lines, with
further linear or triangular sublateral brown darkenings ; pseu-
dosutural foveae black, conspicuous, tuberculate pits paler, con-
tiguous ; scutal lobes brown, posterior sclerites brown, more or

IxXV'ii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219

less pruinose. Pleura brown, with a dark brown longitudinal
stripe over tbe dorsal sclerites from the cervical region to the
postnotum. Halteres with stem yellow, knob pale brown. Legs
with coxae and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora yellow,
tips narrowly whitened, preceded by a subequal pale brown
ring; remainder of legs yellow, outer tarsal segments darker.
Wings of male broadest opposite termination of vein 2nd A,
in female much narrower, broadest opposite vein 1st A; general
coloration pale yellow, prearcular and costal fields clearer yel-
low ; a conspicuous brown pattern that includes five costal areas,
behind attaining vein M or beyond, the third at Sc.,, the fourth
at stigma, converging behind over the anterior cord ; a more or
less complete brown subterminal band from outer end of cell R2,
crossing the supernumerary crossvein and outer fork of M to
the margin at vein Mz ; all longitudinal veins excepting R- with
an oval brown marginal spot, on 2nd A in cases more submar-
ginal in position ; no preapical darkening in cell 2nd A, as in
venustipennis; cord and outer end of cell 1st M2 seamed with
brown ; microscopic darkenings at h and across the veins that
comprise the arculus ; a paler brown wash occupying much of
cell M and basal half of cell Cu ; veins light yellow, light brown
in the patterened areas, still darker in the heavier markings.
Venation : Supernumerary crossevin in cell R3 about equal to
or longer than vein R3 beyond it ; no spur on vein 2nd A as in
venustipennis.

Abdomen dark brown, hypopygium with proximal ends of
basistyles obscure yellow.

Habitat. INDIA (Kumaon). Holotypc: <$, Tarak Tal, Pauri
Garhwal, 7,540 feet, August 14, 1958 (Fernand Schmid). Allo-
topotype: $. Paratopotypcs: 6^$; paratypc: 1 £, Dhar, Pauri
Garhwal, 7,220 feet, August 17, 1958.

Limnophila (Dicranophragma) karma agrees with L. (D.~)
venustipennis Alexander in the faintly indicated dark ring on
the femur and in the general distribution of the dark pattern
of the wings. In the present fly vein 2nd A is unbranched in
both sexes and the subterminal darkened band in cell 2nd A
is lacking.

220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (October, 1966

Limnophila (Dicranophragma) kashongensis, new species

General coloration of mesonotum brownish black, the prae-
scutum with three light brown cliscal stripes ; pleura obscure
brownish yellow with a conspicuous dark brown dorsolongi-
tudinal stripe ; legs pale brown ; wings light brown with a
diffuse darker brown pattern that includes six larger costal areas.

J1. Length about 5-6 mm ; wing 5.5-7 mm ; antenna about
0.8-0.9 mm.

J. Length about 7-7.5 mm ; wing 6.5-7 mm.

Rostrum brown, palpi black. Antennae with proximal seg-
ments obscure yellow, the outer ones brown, the segments with
long verticils. Head brown, the anterior orbits paler.

Pronotal scutum brown, scutellum and pretergites yellowed.
Mesonotal praescutum with the ground brownish black, the disk
with three light brown stripes, the central one more yellow polli-
nose, pseudosutural foveae black ; posterior sclerits of notum
dark brown. Pleura obscure brownish yellow, with a con-
spicuous dark brown dorsolongitudinal stripe extending from
cervical region, across the propleura and dorsal mesopleura to
beneath the wing root on the pteropleurite ; ventral sternopleu-
rite and meron paler brown. Halteres with stem obscure yel-
low, clearer at base, knob pale brown. Legs with all coxae
and trochanters obscure yellow ; remainder of legs yellowish
brown to very pale brown, the femoral liases vaguely clearer
yellow. Wings with the ground light brown with about six-
larger and darker diffuse costal areas that are subequal in
extent to the light yellow interspaces, the areas placed at /;,
above the arctilus, origin of Rs, near end of 5V, stigma and the
tip of Rs ; vague paler brown areas cover the cord, outer end
of cell 1st M2 and the prearcular field ; vague transverse ground
bands immediately before wing tip, at near midlength of cells
beyond cord and more broadly at near midlength of wing before
the cord ; veins light brown, slightly darker in the patterned
areas, light yellow in the costal interspaces. Venation: Sci
ending shortly beyond fork of Rs, 5V 2 slightly removed, 5V,
alone nearly equal to ^2 + .-! + 4- supernumerary crossvein in cell

L\xvii| K.\ TOMOLOCKAI. .\K\YS 221

Rz lying far distad ; petiole of cell M^ subequal to or slightly
longer than the cell; HI-CH at or before midlength of M3 + 4.

Ahdomen dark brown, the lateral borders and outer segments
more brownish black. Male hypopygium with the outer disti-
style very slender, the tip bifid ; inner style very broad at base.
Phallosome large, darkened ; interbasal blades large.

Habitat. INDIA (Assam). Holotype: <$, Sirhoi Kashong,
Manipur, 7,500 feet, July 13, 1960 (Fernand Schmid). Allo-
topotypc: 9, pinned with type. Paratopotypes: numerous <$ $,
July 11-13, 1960.

Liinnophila (Dicranopliragma) kashongensis is quite distinct
from all other Oriental members of the subgenus in the wing
pattern. No other species has the darkened ground with diffuse
darkened clouds as described above.

Limnophila (Eloeophila) perdilata, new species

Size large (wing of male 9 mm) ; femora light yellow with a
medium brown subterminal ring ; wings of male dilated opposite
the termination of vein 2nd A, conspicuously spotted and dotted
with brown, all such areas restricted to the vicinity of the veins ;
male hypopygium with the outer dististyle expanded outwardly,
terminating in a slender curved spine, the lateral flange con-
spicuous, yellow, the apex subtruncate.

c^. Length about 8.5 mm ; wing 9 mm.

Rostrum dark brown ; palpi black. Antennae with scape and
pedicel brownish black, proximal five or six flagellar segments
light yellow, the succeeding ones darker ; proximal segments
more enlarged and without setae on lower surface. Head yel-
lowish gray, center of vertex brown.

Thorax yellowish gray, the praescutum restrictedly patterned
with dark brown streaks and spots, representing the remains of
darkened stripes ; scutal lobes vaguely patterned ; posterior third
of mediotergite slightly more darkened. Pleura gray, patterned
with dark brown. Halteres with stem yellow, knob dark brown.
Legs with coxae brownish gray ; trochanters light brown ; femora
light yellow with a medium brown subterminal ring, the tip

222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

brownish yellow ; tibiae and tarsi yellow, the outer segments
slightly darker. Wings whitened, with a heavy brown spotted
and dotted pattern, including a nearly complete crossband at
the level of origin of Rs and a broader area over the region of
the stigma and anterior cord ; a further extensive darkening at
wing tip, including much of cells R. and M: ; a series of about
eight additional transverse lines in cells C and Sc ; remaining
darkened pattern extensive, consisting of transverse areas and
circular dots in all cells, least so in R and 7?r and beyond the
stigma, all such markings being restricted to the vicinity of the
veins and commonly occurring on both sides ; veins brown, clear
light yellow in the ground areas, most evidently so in the pre-
arcular field and in outer radial field. Wings conspicuously
dilated opposite termination of vein 2nd A. Venation: Super-
numerary crossvein in cell M oblique.

Abdomen brown, the hypopygium more brownish yellow.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle narrowed at base,
dilated outwardly, terminating in a long curved spine, the lateral
flange conspicuous, light yellow, surface longitudinally striate,
tip subtruncate.

Habitat. INDIA (Sikkim). Holotypc: J\ Lachen, 8,900 feet,
June 13, 1959 (Fernand Schmid).

In its major size the present fly suggests Limnophila (Eloeo-
f>Jiila) ornata (Brunetti) being readily separated by the very
different wing pattern.

Limnophila (Eloeophila) pluriguttula, new species

Size medium (wing under 7 mm) ; mesonotum gray, the prae-
scutum patterned with medium and dark brown ; pleura brownish
black, variegated by yellowish gray areas; femora yellow, tips
extensively brown ; wings with the ground pale yellow, very
heavily patterned with brown spots and dots, the dark color
exceeding the ground in area ; dots in all cells confluent to form
an irregular pattern.

Sex? Length about 6.5 mm; wing 6.8 mm; antenna about
1.3 mm.

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae with the more
proximal flagellar segments weakly bicolored, the bases of the
segments brown, their apices paler, obscure yellow, outer seg-
ments uniformly infuscated. Head brown.

Pronotum brownish gray. Mesonotal praescutum with the
ground gray, with a pair of brown intermediate stripes and
brownish black sublateral areas, the posterior ends of the inter-
spaces similarly brownish black, the lateral borders brown;
scutum yellowish gray, the lobes extensively dark brown ; scu-
tellum and postnotum brownish black. Pleura brownish black,
variegated by yellowish gray areas. Halteres with stem obscure
yellow, knob brownish black. Legs with coxae blackened ; tro-
chanters obscure yellow, the lower face blackened ; femora yel-
low, tips extensively brown ; tibiae and tarsi yellow, the last
segment darker. Wings with the restricted ground pale yellow,
very heavily patterned with brown spots and dots, the darkened
areas exceeding the pale ground in amount ; prearcular field
light yellow ; major brown spots over the stigma and cord and
as a broken band at origin of Rs and the supernumerary cross-
vein ; other cells with abundant smaller spots and confluent
brown dots, with virtually none of the marks disconnected into
separate units, as in blcolorata; veins brown, yellow in the
costal interspaces.

Abdomen partly destroyed by fungi ; basal segments obscure
yellow, their lateral and posterior borders brownish black.

Habitat. INDIA (Sikkim). Holotype: Sex? Yagtang, 1 1 ,650
feet, in Rhododendron association, June 17, 1959 (Fernand
Schmid).

The most similar regional species is Limnophila (Eloeophild)
blcolorata Alexander, from lower altitudes in Nepal. The pres-
ent fly is most readily told by the nature of the darkened wing
pattern, including very abundant almost uniformly confluent
brown dots which in bicolorata are chiefly isolated in the ground.

Limnophila (Eloeophila) fumigata, new species

Size medium (wing of male to 7 mm) ; antennae brownish
black; thorax chiefly dark brown, the praescutum and pleura

224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

patterned ; legs yellow, the femora with a broad black terminal
ring ; wings yellow, very heavily patterned with brown, includ-
ing diffuse spots in the cells ; male hypopygium with very long
setae on mesal face of basistyle ; phallosome with gonapophyses
narrow, tips pointed.

J\ Length about 6.5-6.7 mm ; wing 6.5-7 mm ; antenna about
1.8-1.9 mm.

Rostrum black, gray pruinose, with long black setae; palpi
black. Antennae of holotype brownish black with extreme tips
of the proximal flagellar segments vaguely yellowed ; terminal
segment slightly more than one-half the penultimate. Head
yellowish gray, the center of vertex, posterior orbits and genae
slightly patterned with brown.

Pronotum light gray, restrictedly patterned with brown, more
extensive laterally. Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gray with
a conspicuous dark brown pattern that includes a pair of long
intermediate stripes, shorter sublateral areas, broader lateral
borders, a median spot at cephalic margin and further darken-
ings near the suture ; posterior sclerites of notum dark brown,
sparsely yellow pollinose. Pleura dark brown, with two nar-
rowly interrupted longitudinal gray stripes, the narrower lower
line crossing the dorsal sternopleurite and meron. Halteres
with stem dusky, narrowly yellowed at base, knob dark brown.
Legs with coxae dark brown, sparsely yellow pollinose ; tro-
chanters browrnish yellow ; femora yellow with a broad black
terminal ring that is vaguely paler at outer end ; remainder of
legs yellow, the outer tarsal segments slightly infuscated. Wings
with the restricted ground yellow, heavily patterned with brown,
the amount of dark color more than twice the yellow areas,
prearcular field chiefly darkened ; broad dark bands at origin of
Rs and the cord, with narrower areas more basally in the costal
field ; beyond the cord the cells extensively darkened, including
all of Mj. ; the interpolated yellow ground areas further inter-
rupted by very extensive smaller marks that tend to be con-
fluent, their borders ill-defined ; veins yellow in the ground,
brown in the patterned areas. Venation: ui-cit before one-third
the length of M:ill.

] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKUS 225

Abdomen dark brown to brownish black, the hypopygium
slightly paler. Male hypopygium with outer half of mesal face
of basistyle with several very long delicate setae. Outer disti-
style expanded outwardly, the outer apical angle a slender
curved hook ; lateral flange narrow, applied to margin of style,
the outer end free ; border beyond the flange microscopically
serrulate; inner style outwardly narrowed to an obtuse point.
Phallosome with aedeagus small, slender; apophyses somewhat
shorter, appearing as narrow pale blades, their tips acute.

Habitat. INDIA (Assam). Holotype: J\ Sirhoi Kashong,
Manipur, 7,500 feet, July 11, 1960 (Fernand Schmid). Para-
topotypc: 1 J\ with the type.

Lininophila (Eloeophila) jinnigata is generally similar to
L. (E.) bicolorata Alexander, L. (£.} fascipcnnis (Brunetti),
and L. (£.) pluriguttula, new species, differing from all in the
unusually heavy wing pattern and in the antennal coloration. Of
the above the male sex is known only in fascipennis where it
is quite different from the present fly.

Notes on the Genus Neodiplocampta Curran and
Certain Other Bombyliidae. Part I

F. M. HULL. University of Mississippi

So far as I am aware only two species have been placed in
the genus Neodiplocampta, Curran. These are the generotype
species roedcri Curran from Porto Rico, the wing figured by
Curran (1934), and the species parado.va Jaennicke. As I have
before me six species none of which can be those named above
I include notes and descriptions on some of these as a prelim-
inary to the preparation of an illustrated key to species.

Neodiplocampta (Agitonia) sepia n. sp.

A large species with large, quite broad wings which are almost
wholly sepia save for faint hyaline areas in the marginal and
posterior cells.

226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1966

Head : Brownish black, the pile of front, face and antennae
black with appressed, scattered, brownish yellow scales in-
termixed on face and front. First two antennal segments
brownish yellow, third blackish, its base short conical, the style
long and slender. Occipital pile appressed, scanty, scale-like
yellowish. Face conical, with a bare, yellow brown strip from
each antenna down the sides ; proboscis extends barely beyond
apex of face. Thorax black, feebly shining, the pleuron more
brownish. Pile scanty, yellowish appressed with additional
scattered fine, erect black hairs ; anterior collar of pile, long,
dense, brownish yellow. Notopleuron with black, and upper
mesopleuron with longer, bristly, yellow pile ; metapleural pile
black. Legs dark brown, the bristles black, the femora with
some fine, appressed black pile. Wings exceptionally broad,
almost wholly dark sepia, the middles of discal, posterior and
more particularly the submarginal cells faintly subhyaline ; sec-
ond vein and anterior branch of third more strongly contorted
than in generotype ; alula reduced. Abdomen nearly twice as
long as generotype species, black with pile like mesonotum.

Type : a male, and one paratype female. Nova Teutonia.
BRAZIL, Dec.-Feb. 1964-1965. (Fritz Plaumann). In collec-
tion of author. Because of its aberrant and atypical form it may
be assigned to a new subgenus : Agitonia, under Neodiplocampta.

Eclimus (Arthroneura) tridentatus n. sp.

Head black, grayish pollinose, pile of front and face, long, fine,
loose, and black ; pile of occiput and gena abundant, long, fine,
gray-white. Antennal pile black, third segment as long as first
segment, tapered sharply on dorsal aspect near the apex. Sides
of oral cup shining black. Palpus quite large, especially the
leaf-shaped apical segment. Proboscis long and slender. Thorax
dull black; mesonotum with fine, crinkled, curled, pale, ap-
pressed pile and scattered, very fine, erect, black hairs. Pleural
pile pale except for some black hairs on upper mesopleuron ;
knob of halteres blackish. Legs black, with matted appressed
gray white pile of perhaps slightly flattened hairs, some erect

l\\vii] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\\ S 227

white pile and with black bristles. Anterior tibia with well de-
veloped black spicules. Wings hyaline, the anterior border nar-
rowly black to apex of first submarginal cell. There are three
conspicuous, sharply delimited, blackish spots extending down
or backward from fore border, one of these extends to end of
second basal cell and borders the cells beyond, another extends
over and just below the anterior cross vein and widely on each
side of it, the third extends over and just below the base of the
submarginal cells. There is an additional small black spot at
base of second and third posterior cells. There are three distinct
submarginal cells in each wing of material on hand. Moreover
there is a rectangular bend in the lower vein of discal cell with
strong, backward spur in both wings. These characters to-
gether with the large leaf like ovate palpus is made the basis of
a special subgenus, of the genus Ecliiniis.

Type: a female 10 mi. East of Auburn, CAL., Placer Co.
1958. In coll. of California at Berkeley. Paratype female.
Black Mts, 6 mi. N.E. of Pose, Calif. May 1st 1962. In col-
lection of author. I wish to thank Frank Cole for the oppor-
tunity of studying this interesting fly.

I propose the name Bryodema, new genus, for the giant,
thick-bodied, very robust bee flies hitherto going under the name
Ogcodocera i-alida Wied. ; from Ogcodocera sensu stricto, of
which I have 3 species before me, it differs besides the very
thick body and giant size, in the closed and stalked, or narrowly
open first posterior cell, the position of the anterior cross vein,
very strongly oblique and placed at the outer sixth of the discal
cell. All of the 3 species of true Ogcodocera before me, includ-
ing the generotype, and which range into southern Brazil, are of
very nearly uniform size, flattened body, basally sw-ollen third
antennal segment, and the first posterior cell is open maximally.
The anterior cross vein lies very near the middle of the discal
cell and is almost rectangular. All three species are very small
indeed compared to ralida Wiedemann.

228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | October, 1966

A Resin Bee Using Trap-Nests in Wisconsin,

and a Note on Other Resin Bees.

(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

J. T. MEDLER1

Megachile (Chelostomoidcs} campanulas Robertson utilizes
resin as a building material for nest construction. Six nests of
tbis species were found while conducting trap-nest research in
Wisconsin. The traps consisted of eight-inch lengths of sumac
stem with a hole 6.4 mm in diameter and 150 mm long drilled
in the center pith to provide a nesting niche. Each nest was
characterized by partitions and plugs made of a dark brown
resin having a "piny" smell. Occasionally, the cells also were
partly lined with resin. A reddish rather sticky pollen that
was very susceptible to spoilage was used to provision cells.

Nest 1 was collected in Fond du Lac County, 18 August,
1956. At the bottom of the 150 mm hole there were two cells 14
and 16 mm in length which contained 8 and 4 mm white larvae,
respectively. The remainder of the hole was empty, but three
additional partitions and an orifice plug had been constructed
in it.

When reared at 22° C, the small larva developed into a
medium sized larva in seven days, whereas the medium sized
larva matured and spun a very thin, transparent cocoon in seven
days. Therefore, at least two weeks would be normally required
for larval development.

Nest 2 was an overwintering nest collected in Iowa County,
21 October, 1959. Two cells in the bottom of the hole were 1 1
and 13 mm long. The remainder of the hole was empty, but had
5 partitions at intervals of 4, 14, 38, 8, and 52 mm.

Nests 3-6 were all overwintering nests collected in September,
1962. Each had an orifice plug of resin 2-5 mm thick and one

1 Professor of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin. This work was supported in part by the Research Committee
of the Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin from funds
supplied by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.

lxxvii| KXTO.MOLOGK'AI. .\K\VS 229

intercalary partition in a long empty vestibule. Nest 3 from
Jefferson County contained three cells, 40, 22, and 42 mm
in length.

Nests 4—6 were collected in Grant County. Nest 4 had three
cells, 24, 17, and 12 mm long. Nest 5 had two cells, 18 and
30 mm long, and nest 6 had two cells 12 and 24 mm long.

A "typical" nest of this species, therefore, consisted of 2 or 3
cells in the bottom of the hole, a long vestibule with one or
several partitions, and an orifice plug. The species apparently
is univoltine, overwintering as a prepupa in a cocoon.

Three female bees were reared from the 14 available cells.
The provisions were spoiled in five cells and rearing mortality
accounted for the other six cells. The reared bees had head
width measurements of 2.5, 2.8, and 3.1 mm.

It is well known that species in the McgacJiilidac utilize a
great diversity of nesting niches in nature, and manipulate a
wide variety of building materials with their mandibles to
construct cells in which to rear progeny. Burrows in wood,
and materials such as clay, pieces of leaf, plant fibers and
masticated vegetable matter are used most commonly. Michener
(1962, Jour. Netv York Ent. Soc. 70: 17-29) discussed
morphological differences between those species which make
nests with pieces of leaves or petals and those that use resin,
mud, or other such material. One difference is that in the
mandibles of female leafcutters there is a sharp cutting edge in
the interspaces between the teeth.

This appears to be the first record of M. cainpaniilac using
resin. However, several other species of resin bees in the
Megachilidae are well documented, especially in Europe, where
they are known as Harzbienen or resiniers. For example,
several species of Anthidiini using resin were studied by Fabre
(Bramble-bees and Others, Transl. by A. T. de Mattos, 1915).

Incidentally, both honey bees (Apini) and stingless bees
(Meliponini) among the social bees utilize vegetable resins
(e.g., propolis) in nest construction and repair. Man-made
products are used also. I personally observed Trigona bees in
northern Queensland collect ing balls of fresh house paint on

230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | October, 1966

their bind legs in a manner similar to the pollen loads of honey
bees. I was informed that these bees become an economic
problem in some areas because they strip the paint as fast as it
is applied. The species probably responsible for this activity
is Trigona hocking si Cockerell, according to Michener (1961,
Amer. Mus. Novit. 2026, 46 pp.).

It is hypothesized that the resin bees have a glandular secre-
tion with anti-sticking properties. This secretion provides a
protective coating on the mandibles and hairs, thus allowing
utilization of resinous material without damage to the insect.

Reviews

Rolston, L. H. and C. E. McCoy. INTRODUCTION TO AP-
PLIED ENTOMOLOGY. Pp. v + 208. The Ronald Press Co.,
15 E. 26th St., New York 10, N. Y. Price: $5.00.

The first 90 pages are chiefly on insect ecology and ecological
principles. Perception, mobility, reproduction, and adaptation
are discussed as well as climate, moisture, food, parasites, popula-
tions, seasonal and geographic distribution. Included here is
also a chapter of 26 pages on the orders of insects, devoted again
primarily to their ways of living and ecological relationships
rather than classification or form. The remainder of the book is
concerned with organizing and analyzing our relevant knowledge
and developing concepts and general principles. The chapter
"Environmental Management" is a kind of applied ecology, and
here, as in the chapters on chemical control, the approach is
from the broadest point of view. The intent is to provide the
basic understanding needed for planning successful control.
Although the preface suggests that applied entomology "is a
science," on p. 162 we learn that "The practice of applied
entomology is an art, and herein lies room for mistakes in judge-
ment and execution." The book stresses the possible complex-
ities and ramifications when a control program must fit into the
existing economic, legal, sociological, and physical environment
as well as adapted to a biological environment that may include
several species of pests together with their parasites. — R.G.S.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 231

Klots, Elsie B. The new field book of FRESHWATER LIFE.
Pp. 1-398. Over 700 illustrations, drawings by SuZan Noguchi
Swain. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 200 Madison Are., New York
10016. Price: $4.95.

In that it covers the freshwater plants and invertebrates this
little book may be thought of as an abridged Ward and Whipple.
However, it goes farther and includes the vertebrates as well,
thus covering the entire range of aquatic life from algae to al-
ligators. Actually, it takes one mostly to the family or some
ecological group, while Mrs. Swain's excellent illustrations will
often name a common genus or even species. In place of
dichotomous keys a system of paragraphing is used that works
well and that is not only practical but also instructive. Through-
out, the emphasis is on adaptations, habits, habitats, and other
ecological matters so that one comes to know and to understand
the forms as living things in their natural surroundings. Chap-
ters 11 and 12 (100 pages and over 170 illustrations) deal with
arachnids and insects, and like the rest of the book show very
careful planning and selection of material, and concise but clear
presentation. The page size is 44 X7j and its slips easily into
a coat pocket.

Knudsen, Jens W. BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES. Collecting,
Preserving, and Illustrating Plants and Animals. Pp. xi -f 525.
Harper and Row, 49 East 33rd St., New York 10016. Price:
$12.00.

An excellent book that includes algae, bacteria, and everything
up to the birds and mammals. Chapter 13 (62 pages) is on
insects and is amazingly comprehensive, with clear instructions
on collecting, killing, preserving, dissecting, mounting, and
housing of insects for study, illustrated by clean line drawings.
Older methods as well as the newer (e.g., freeze drying) are
included. There is also a chapter on Crustacea, and one on the
remaining arthropods.

Extremely useful to students as well as to their professors
will be Chap. 24 (43 pages) on Scientific Illustration which
describes and illustrates various techniques using pencil, ink,
stippling, Ross board, scratch board, Ben Day, air-brush, and
photography, especially as applicable to the preparation of theses
and dissertations. Finally there is a short chapter on slide mak-
ing with formulae for solutions and reagents. — R.G.S.

Entomologist's Market Place

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line, payable in advance to the editor.

Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free

to subscribers.

All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are
added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at
the top are discontinued.

Oestridae wanted. Botflies of Nearctic deer, elk, caribou, sheep ;
African and European mammals, larvae and adult. Purchase or exchange
for Diptera, Coleoptera. Kenneth J. Capelle, Box 459, Brigham City,
Utah 84302.

Planchets, radiation warning signs and labels, dosimeters and other
isotope-lab accessories. New catalogue free on request. Nuclear Supply
and Service Co., 422 Wash. Bldg., Wash. 5, D. C.

Formosan Insects. Large quantities of dried butterflies, moths, beetles,
cicadas, dragpnflies, mantis, grasshoppers, bees, spiders, etc., Rare and
common species, aberrations and sex mosaics for sale. Taiwan Novelty
Co., P. O. Box 860, Taipei, Formosa.

Buprestidae. Neotrop. Anthaxia, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini
pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange
for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'y, Univ. of
Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104.

Ants of fnsca and ncoforniica groups wanted for revision (study or
exchange) pref. nest series with <$ & $. Andre Francoer, Biology Dept.,
Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada.

Ants of gen. Myrmica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref.
nest series with <$ & $. Rene Beique, Biology Dept., Laval Univ.,
Quebec 10, Canada.

Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa
Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange
for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A.
Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.

BUTTERFLIES OF
THE DELAWARE VALLEY

By Arthur M. Shapiro

Special Publication of the American Entomological So-
ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs
and map.

The introduction includes discussion of the en-
vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys
to the families and species are given, and for each
species its field notes, distribution (geographical
and seasonal), and food plants are noted.

Price $1.50

THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103

Important Mosquito Works

MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important
malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti

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MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec-
tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa
and South Pacific region

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

NOVEMBER 1966

Vol. LXXVII No. 9

CONTENTS

Phillips— Harold Johnson Grant, Jr., 1921-1966 233

Knull — Ayrilus boitscni and a new species (Col.) 238

Weber — Pigmentation in Trachymyrmex (Hym.) 241

Gittens — Three new species of Miincsa (Hym.) 247

Roback — A record of Symbiocladius cqultans (Dipt.) 254

Xebeker and Gaufin — New Paralcuctra (Pleocoptera) 255

Nomenclature Notice 259

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^!25MAJ NOV 21

HAROLD J. GRANT, JR., 1921-1966.

ENTOMOLOGICAL MEWS

VOL. LXXVII NOVEMBER, 1966 No. 9

Harold Johnson Grant, Jr., 1921-1966

The death of Harold J. Grant on February 27, 1966, came
as a particularly sudden and severe shock to his family and his
many friends and associates at the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. It resulted from an unhappy accident when he
was caught by the undertow while swimming on the coast of
Trinidad. Dr. Grant was born in the Bronx, New York, on
November 4th, 1921. He attended grade school on Staten
Island, New York, where his family lived, and was graduated
from Port Richmond High School with honors. Inducted into
the army in November of 1942, he served as a non-commissioned
officer in the Malarial Control Unit of the Sanitary Corps in
the Philippines and New Guinea through the remainder of
World War II. Following this he was sent to Japan, being
attached to the commission which studied the biological effects
of the Hiroshima nuclear bomb explosion.

After his release from the army in January, 1946, he attended
Champlain College at Plattsburg, New York, for a period but
in 1948 transferred to the University of Colorado where he
received his B.A. degree in 1950. His interest in entomology
was evident while he was still an undergraduate and he con-
tinued with his advanced work in that field under Dr. Robert
K. Gregg, a hymenopterist. As a result of this association his
Master's thesis was titled: "The larval morphology of Myrmica
hrct'inodis sulcinodoides Emery (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)."

After receiving his Master's degree in 1952, his graduate study
was continued for another year, and he then accepted a position
at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Here 1 it-
work eel as an assistant to Mr. James A. G. Rehn, helping in

(233)

234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1966

the preparation of the first volume of A Monograph of the
Orthoptcra of North America (North of Mexico). Quite ap-
parently he found the study of Orthoptera much to his liking for
from that time this group seemed to hecome his first love,
scientifically.

Returning to the University of Colorado in 1960 to complete
his graduate study, he there received his Ph.D. in June of 1962.
During this period of two years he also carried a part-time
teaching assignment. An associate there, Dr. Gordon Alex-
ander, says he was an excellent teacher, enjoyed the work and
"toyed with the idea of looking for a teaching appointment.'
He decided, however, to return to the Academy in Philadelphia.
This he did and received an appointment as Junior Investigator
with Mr. Rehn under the National Science Foundation grant
for the Orthoptera monograph. Before the end of 1962 he was
appointed Associate Curator at the Academy and made chairman
of the Department of Entomology. Upon the death of Mr.
Rehn he was made Principal Investigator on the monograph
project. He was also Principal Investigator on A Monographic
Revision of the Subfamily Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera; Tetti-
(joniidac) of the New ITorld, under another grant from the
National Science Foundation.

He was a member of a number of scientific societies including
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the
American Entomological Society, the Society of Systematic
Zoologists, American Society of Zoologists and a Fellow of
the Royal Entomological Society of London.

Harold Grant possessed enormous enthusiasm and drive in
his work as well as having unusual talents as an administrator.
He had the happy gift of getting along with people and was
exceedingly well liked by his associates. Such a person almost
inevitably finds that he has wished upon him many extra jobs.
Dr. Grant was no exception. He served on numerous com-
mittees in the Academy and in the American Entomological
Society. Of the latter he also served as president and, for a
time, was editor of its Transactions. Both his many services and

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 235

his cheerful personality will be much missed in these institu-
tions.

It seems appropriate to append here a bibliography of the
more than thirty scientific papers published by Dr. Grant.
Their number and quality lend conviction to the belief that a
fine future as a scientist was interrupted by his death.

MAURICE E. PHILLIPS

Bibliography of Harold J. Grant, Jr.

1955. Notes on the Neotropical tetrigid genus Paurotarsus
Hancock, including the description of two new subspecies
(Orthoptera; Acridoidea). Notulae Naturae Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. no. 275 : 1-14, 1955.

The North American tetrigid genus Nomotettix (Or-
thoptera; Acridoidea; Tetrigidae). Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. 107: 1-34, 1955. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

Systematics of the Neotropical batrachideine genera
Plectronotus, Halmatettix and Cranotcttix gen. nov.
(Orthoptera; Acridoidea; Tetrigidae). Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila. 107: 57-74, 1955.

Tetrlx sitbulata (Orthoptera; Acridoidea; Tetrigidae)
as occurring in North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. 107: 145-165, 1955. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

1956. The taxonomy of Batrachldca, Puiggaria, Lophoscirtits,
Eutettigidea, and Rchnidmm n. gen. (Orthoptera; Acri-
doidea; Tetrigidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 82: 67-
108, 1956.

The components of Tetrix ornata (Orthoptera; Acri-
doidea; Tetrigidae). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 108:
117-153, 1956. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

On Tetrlx brunncri and a new species of Tetrlx from
California (Orthoptera ; Acridoidea; Tetrigidae). Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 108: 97-115, 1956. (With James
A. G. Rehn.)

The African tetrigid genera Phloeonotus Bolivar and
Ascetotettix n. gen. Orthoptera; Acridoidea). Notulae
Naturae Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. no. 293: 1-14, 1956.

236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 19(>(>

An analysis of Tetri.v arenosa (Orthoptera; Acridoidea ;
Tetrigidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 82: 117-145,
1956. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

1957. Designation of the lectotypes and lectoallotypes of the
Neotropical tetrigid species in Carnegie Museum as de-
scrihed by Lawrence Bruner (Orthoptera; Acridoidea).
Ann. Cam. Mus. 35 : 37-40, 1957.

A review of the genus Neotetti.v (Orthoptera; Acri-
doidea; Tetrigidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 82: 217-
250, 1957. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

The genus Paratetti.v as found in North America (Or-
thoptera; Acridoidea; Tetrigidae). Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. 109: 247-319, 1957. (With James A. G.
Rehn.)

1958. The Batrachideinae (Orthoptera; Acridoidea; Tetri-
gidae) of North America. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 84 :
13-103, 1958. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

Notes on the genus Acra Brunner (Orthoptera; Tetti-
goniidae; Phaneropterinae). Biota Magdalena del Mar,
Peru II (13-14): 51-54, 1958.

A revision of the genus Aganacris (Orthoptera; Tetti-
goniidae; Phaneropterinae). Notulae Naturae Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila. no. 306: 1-12, 1958.

The Neotropical katydid genus Rossophylluw (Orthop-
tera; Tettigoniidae ; Phaneropterinae). Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 83: 209-219, 1958.

The phallic complex in the subfamilies of New World
Eumastacidae and the family Tanaoceridae. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila. 110: 301-319, 1958. (With James
A. G. Rehn.)

A revision of the genus Morsea (Orthoptera; Acri-
doidea; Eumastacidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 84:
217-259, 1958. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

1959. A review of the genera Psychomastax and Eumorsca
(Orthoptera ; Acridoidea ; Eumastacidae). Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 84: 273-302, 1959. (With lames A. G.
Rehn.)

On certain Old World genera of Teratodini recently
placed in the subfamily Romaleinae (Orthoptera; Acri-

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237

doidea; Acrididae). Xotulae Naturae Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. no. 317: 1-9, 1959. (With James A. G. Rehn. i

A review of the Romaleinae (Orthoptera; Acrididae)
found in America north of Mexico. Proc. Acad. Xat.
Sci. Phila. Ill: 109-271, 1959. (With Tames A. G.
Rehn.)

An analysis of the tribes of the Romaleinae with special
reference to their internal genitalia (Orthoptera; Acri-
didae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 85: 233-271, 1959.
(With James A. G. Rehn.)

Critical remarks on a recent contribution to the taxonomy
of the Acridoidae (Orthoptera) by V. M. Dirsh. Ent.
News 70 : 245-249, 1959. (With James A. G. Rehn. )

The correct placement of the genus Prionacris (Orthop-
tera; Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae). Notulae Natu-
rae Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. no. 323: 1-3, 1959. (With
James A. G. Rehn.)

1960. An additional tribe of the Romaleinae (Orthoptera ; Acri-
didae). Notulae Naturae Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. no.
327: 1-4, 1960. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

Distributional records and notes on the family Tanao-
ceridae (Orthoptera; Acridoidea). Notulae Naturae
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. no. 334: 1-6, 1960. (With Tames
A. G. Rehn.)

A new concept involving the subfamily Acridinae (Or-
thoptera; Acridoidea). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 86:
173-185, 1960. (With James A. G. Rehn.)

The library of the American Entomological Society.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 85: 333-334, 1960.

The Neotropical katydid genus Parascndderia Brunner
(Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae ; Phaneropterinae). Notulae
Naturae Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. no. 333: 1-11, 1960.

Studies on fishes of the family Characidae. No. 17.
Moralcsia Fowler, the proper generic name for Anacyr-
tus tectifcr Cope. Copeia 1960 (3) : 255. (With James
A. Bohlke.)

Prorocorypha, Eremiacris, Paropomala — Members of the
subfamily Acridinae (Scnsu Rehn and Grant). (Or-
thoptera; Acrididae.) Notulae Naturae Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. no. 336: 1-2, 1960. (With Tames A. G. Rehn.)

238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1966

1961. A monograph of the Orthoptera of North America
(North of Mexico). Volume I. Monographs of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, number
12, 1961. (With James A. G. Rehn.)
Articles on various Orthoptera in Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica, 1961 and following editions.

1964. A new Phaneropterine genus from South America (Or-
thoptera: Tettigoniidae). Ent. News 75 (2): 29-32,
1964.

A revision of the genera Ceraia and Enccrala, with notes
on their relationship to Scudderia (Orthoptera; Tetti-
goniidae; Phaneropterinae). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. 116: 29-117, 1964.

1965. A measuring device for use in insect systematics. Ent.
News 76 (9): 249-251, 1965.

1966. The katydid genus Plat \lyra (Orthoptera: Tettigonii-
dae). Pan-Pacific Ent. 42(2) : 81-88. With David C.
Rentz.)

Description of Male Agrilus bentseni Knull and
One New Species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

JOSEF N. KNULL, Department of Zoology and Entomology, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210

Since Agrilus bentseni Knull (1954) was described, more
material has been collected. The male is slightly smaller than
the female. Front of head greenish becoming cupreous on
vertex. Antennae serrate from the fourth segment. First two
ventral abdominal segments not modified. Anterior and middle
tibiae armed on inside at apex with a small tooth.

The species should be placed next to A. lautuelhis Fisher
(1928). On A. bentseni the elytral apical patch of white pub-
escense is elongate and parallel to suture; whereas on A.
lautuelhis the entire apical third is pubescent, with anterior
margin of pubescent area extending obliquely backward from
the suture to the lateral margin. In addition the male genitalia
of the two species differ as shown by Figs. 1 and 2 and also by
Fisher (1928), figure 48 a and b.

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239

A. bentscni occurs on the foliage of myrtle croton (Bernard iu
inyricaefolia (Scheele) S. Wats.) in Hidalgo and Starr Coun-
ties, Texas, in March and April. A. lautiellits is on the foliage
of capote (Diospyros tc.rana Scheele).

Agrilus hazardi n. sp. Figs. 3 and 4

Male. — Form of A. otiosiis Say, shining; head and antenna
greenish blue ; pronotum cupreous becoming bluish green toward
sides ; elytra black ; pro-, meso-, and metasternum and legs
greenish blue ; abdomen cupreous.

Head granulose, sparsely lightly punctate, punctures more
evident toward apex, lower part of front densely pubescent ;
antennae extending to past middle of pronotum when laid along
side, serrate from the fourth segment.

Pronotum wider than long, widest about middle; sides sub-
parallel from apical angles to about middle, then broadly
rounded to basal angles ; when viewed from the side, marginal
and submarginal carinae separated in the front, joined near
base ; anterior margin strongly sinuate, median lobe broadly
rounded ; basal margin strongly sinuate ; disk convex with two
shallow median depressions, an oblique deep depression and a
feeble prehumeral carina each side ; surface granulose, with
feeble transverse rugae, shallow punctures between rugae.
Scutellum transversely carinate.

Elytra wider than pronotum ; sides subparallel behind base,
constricted in front of middle, expanded behind middle, then
obliquely narrowed to rounded serrulate apieces ; disk flattened,
a basal depression each side; surface imbricate, recumbent
pubescence short.

Abdomen beneath finely punctate, first and second segments
slightly concave at middle, sparsely clothed with short re-
cumbent pubescence. Prosternal lobe broadly emarginate.
Tibiae armed with a distinct tooth on inner margin at apex.
Tarsal claws similar on all feet, cleft near middle, outer tooth
acute at apex, inner tooth shorter, broader and turned inward,
the points touching.

240

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Nov., 1966

FIGS. 1 and 2. Agrilus bcntscni Knull, c? genitalia ;
3 and 4. Agrilus hazardi n. sp., /$ genitalia.

Length 4.4 mm ; width 1.1 mm.

Described from one male specimen collected in Gilmer Co..
Ga., May 25, 1961, by E. I. Hazard, to whom I am indebted
for the specimen. Type in collection of author.

This species comes near A. atricornis Fisher (1928) and
./. osbitnii Knull (1937). The male genitalia as shown in
Figs. 3 and 4 and as illustrated by Fisher, and Knull (1944)
will separate them. The fifth antennal segments of A. osbitnii
and A. atricornis are about as long as wide, whereas in A.
Inicardl the fifth segment is nearly twice as long as wide.

LITERATURE CITED

FISHER, W. S. 1928. A revision of the North American Species of
buprestid beetles belonging to the genus Agrilus. U. S. Nat. Mus.
Bull. 145, 1-347.

Ixxvii] K\ 10MOLOGICAI. NF.WS 241

KNTLL, J. N. 1937. Notes on Coleoptera with descriptions of new
species (Buprestidae and Cerambycidae). Ent. News 48: 36-42.

— . 1944. Notes on Agrilus with descriptions of two new species
(Buprestidae: Colcoptera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 37: 75-83.

— . 1954. Five new North American species of Buprestidae ( Cole-
optera). Ohio Jour. Sri. 54( 1 ) : 27-30.

Development of Pigmentation in the Pupa and
Callow of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis

(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

XKAL A. \YEBER, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore,

Pennsylvania

j

The color of fungus-growing ants (Attini) is notoriously
\ariable, as is often the case among ants in general. Various
forms have been described, using color as one of the characters.
The most northerly of all fungus-growers, Trachymyrmex sep-
tentrionalis McCook, is an example.

Wheeler (1907) created obscurior var. nov. as "necessary to
distinguish the darker southern form" of septentrionalis. Later
(1911) he created vcrtcbrata on the basis of color and used
color in large part in naming senrinole. Creighton (1950) re-
tained obscurior and sem'mole as geographical races but synony-
mized vertcbrata with the typical form.

It is the purpose of this article to demonstrate the develop-
ment of pigmentation in several of the stages of this species in
its three castes, as a contribution both to embryology and to
systematics. During the development of pigmentation, inter-
mediate stages may also be useful in indicating relationships
lict ween species. In any case a particular color form that is
known only from original or a few collections should always
be suspect.

New Jersey colonies of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis have
been kept in my laboratory for years and results of some obser-

242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., 1966

vations and experiments published (Weber 1956). During the
summer of 1963 fresh colonies from the same site, the inter-
section of U. S. Highway 322 with the boundaries of Atlantic
and Gloucester Counties, were used for the following studies.
One colony (No. 4263) taken 4 June 1963 was the source for
the specimens drawn.* It was normal in all respects and had
two chambers at depths of 8 cm and 20 cm in sand ; tempera-
tures were 24.5 and 19.9° C., respectively. The fungus garden
was formed on typical vegetal substrate. Eggs were recognized
6 June. By 20 June in the laboratory there was a brood of
large larvae, some 4 mm long. Temperatures were variable.
24-30° C., until on 15 July the colony was placed in a room of
23.4-24.0° C. Pupae appeared on 27 June and the first callows
of all castes on 5 July. The callow stage may be defined as the
stage following the pupa when the ant has been removed from
the exuvia and can stand but lacks full pigmentation. At first
it stands unsteadily on its legs, then it starts to walk about and
feed on the fungus by itself.

The descriptions and figures below were made from living-
specimens (except Figs. 9-10) since the color changes after
death.

PIGMENTATION IN THE PUPA

The compound eyes become pigmented before other parts of
the body in all castes. Ocelli of the males and females become
pigmented before the body. In all castes the masticatory border
of the mandibles next darkens slightly, followed by a brownish
outline of some of the thoracic sutures (male and female). By
this time the pupa has become a grayish white. As the man-
dibular margins darken, the frontal ridges of the head and

* By Marilyn Warkentin under the National Science Foundation
Undergraduate Research Participation Program.

FIGS. 1-7. Trachymyrmex septentrionalis callows drawn from life

(appendages omitted).

1. Worker, 1st week. 2. Worker, 2nd week. 3. Worker, nearly adult
pigmentation. 4. Female, 1st week. 5. Female, 2nd week. 6. Female,
nearly adult pigmentation. 7. Male, 1st week.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

243

244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1966

tubercles of the body become faintly indicated. The wing pads
of the sexes darken distally before proximally. The entire in-
tegument becomes a pale brown as the pupa reaches maturity,
the male gaster remaining paler than the rest of the bod}-
(Fig. 8).

PIGMENTATION IN THE CALLOW

The callow is unable to emerge from the pupal skin without
the aid of the worker although it can start the process. The
exuvia is removed by the intensive licking of it by one or more
workers. During this period the general pale brown darkens
slightly.

When the callow has become freed of the exuvia pigmenta-
tion proceeds as shown in the figures (Figs. 1-7). The worker
develops a faint mid-dorsal streak from the clypeus to the
posterior of the first gastric segment. This is widest ante-
riorly and posteriorly. Lateral areas then darken and render
the dorsal streak less conspicuous but it is generally retained
throughout life to a variable extent. The female pattern is
similar except that a dark area marks the ocellar region and
there are three dark streaks on the thorax. The male differs
markedly from the female and worker in having a uniformly
pale brown gaster.

PIGMENTATION IN THE ADULT

Older ants in this species tend to be darker than younger
ones during the summer in nature. By the fall of the year all
are mostly dark ferruginous with faint indications of the callow
pattern. Worker callows that emerge in the laboratory tend to
be pale ferruginous and remain this color for a much longer
time than in nature.

Ants of the genus Acromyrmex, closely related and perhaps
derived from Trachymyrmex, are also a ferruginous color of
variable intensity. The female of Acromyrmex (Mocllerius)
vcrsicolor Pergande has a characteristic gastric pattern (Fig.
9). The gaster of the female of Acromyrmex (A) coronatus
(jloboculis Forel has a bold hastate pattern (Fig. 10).

Ixxvii

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

245

8

FIGS. 8-10. Pattern of pigmentation.

8. Male pupa of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis showing early pigmenta-
tion. 9. Adult female gaster of Acromyrmcx (Moellcrms) vcrsicolor
Pergande, Imperial County, California. 10. Adult gynetype female gaster
of Acromyrmcx coronatus globoculis Forel of British Guiana. The dark-
brown spear-shaped area is on a yellowish brown background.

DEVELOPMENT OF ISOLATED BROOD

Brood was isolated from adult ants on 1 August 1963 in a
container of sterile quartz sand kept moistened with distilled
water. Each specimen was isolated in a shallow depression, in
a numbered series, and its progress noted. All had a coating
of the fungus garden mycelium as is normal in most Attini.
The temperature was maintained at 23.4° C. ± 0.5°.

The history of nine males is given in Table 1.

246

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
TABLE 1

[Nov., 1966

No.

1 August

4 August

6 August

9 August

1

white pupa, nearly black eyes

brown, dark wing pads

moves

2

white pupa, gray eyes

dark eyes

brown

3

white pupa, dark gray eyes

dark wing pads

moves

4

pale yellow pupa, dark gray

brown, dark wing pads

moving legs

nearly black

eyes

5

pale brown pupa, appendages

dark brown

moves

dark

yellow

6

white pupa, gray eyes

dark eyes

dark

7

white pupa, unpigmented eyes

gray eyes

pale brown

8

white pupa, pale gray eyes

shrivelling

pale brown

9

semi-pupa

became pupa

gray eyes

pale gray

In addition, No. 3 moved his mouthparts on the 7th and No. 1
moved more generally on this day.

An isolated white worker pupa with unpigmented eyes on 1
August had gray eyes on 4 August and dark gray eyes on 8
August and 10 August. The integument became gray on
9 August.

Of three workers in the semi-pupa stage on 5 August, one
became a pupa on 7 August and the other two on 9 August, indi-
cating a duration of this stage of 2-3 days at 24° C.

Of a cluster of some 12-15 new eggs on 5 August the first
larva developed on 16 August in the same container that held
the above males and workers.

All of the above specimens were later preserved when it
became clear that development could not proceed further in
the absence of the social environment. In the ant colony they
would have been licked repeatedly by the workers and moved
from place to place. These fragmentary data, however, afford
specific developmental times that may be extrapolated to the
normal colony.

REFERENCES

CREIGHTON, W. S. 1950. The ants of North America. Bull. Mus.

Comp. Zool. Harvard 104: 1-585.
WEBER, N. A. 1956. Fungus-growing ants and their fungi: Trachy-

m\nncx septentrionalis McCook. Ecology 37: 150-161; (subsp.

scminole) 197-199.
WHEELER, W. M. 1907. The fungus-growing ants of North America.

Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 23 : 669-807.
— . 1911. Description of some new fungus-growing ants from Texas.

Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 19 : 245-255.

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247

Three New Species of Mimesa from the Western
United States (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)1

ARTHUR R. GITTINS, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho

These three new species of psenine wasps are descrihed at the
present time in order to make the names availahle for a subse-
quent series of papers on the psenine wasps of North
America.

Mimesa sabina new species

Female. Length, 8 mm. Black ; tegulae, undersides of anten-
nal flagella, much of fore tarsi, inner portion of fore tibiae, apex
of first abdominal sternite, all of second, third and fourth
abdominal sternites, and first, second and third abdominal
tergites, red. Wings hyaline, stigma and veins dark brown.
Pubescence silvery, dense on frons and clypeus.

Head. Nearly quadrate, slightly wider (including compound
eyes) than long; clypeus shiny, moderately punctate, with a
prominent subapical tubercle, apex strongly emarginate medially
with emargination flanked by a well-developed tooth, lateral of
which there is a second less well-developed tooth ; lower frons
moderately shiny, finely but densely punctate, appearing granu-
late under low magnification, with a well-developed tubercle
between the lower margins of antennal insertions ; upper frons
closely but finely punctate medially, with a fine, incomplete,
longitudinal facial carina below median ocellus ; vertex moder-
ately punctate, shagreened, never striate, without a postocellar
tumidity or furrow ; gena reflexed near lower eye, upper gena
moderately punctate, lower gena densely shagreened ; occipital
carina terminating shortly before juncture with hypostomal
carina ; antenna with first flagellar segment approximately one
and one-third times as long as second flagellar segment, width
of last flagellar segment at base equal to width of scape.

1 Submitted with the approval of the Director, Idaho Agricultural
Experiment Station as Research Paper No. 683.

248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1966

Thorax. Pronotum normal but with dorsolateral angles
slightly extended ; mesoscutum shiny, lightly and very
sparsely punctate, shagreened at least anteriorly ; notaulices dis-
tinct anteriorly ; parapsidal lines distinct ; mesoscutellum bright
and shiny, nearly impunctate ; postscutellum normal ; meso-
episternum with anepisternal area noticeably striate, katepi-
sternal area densely shagreened, finely punctate particularly
along posterior margin ; propodeum with lateral spheres ele-
vated from dorsal area, separated by an irregular carina, dorsal
area with longitudinal carinae laterally, becoming almost reticu-
late medially, lateral spheres mostly rugose-reticulate, nearly
smooth near enclosure, striate laterally and smooth and shiny
along extreme lateral margins ; enclosure deep and narrow ; hind
coxa approximately twice as long as hind trochanter and bearing
only a fine incomplete longitudinal ventral carina.

Abdomen. Ratio of length of petiole to first abdominal tergite
to hind femur — 7:6:8. Petiole distinctly convex above, some-
what flattened apically, dorsal surface shiny, dorsolateral carinae
distinct. First abdominal tergite moderately elevated above
petiole ; pygidium broad, delimited by a well-developed carina
and with deep, closely set, elongated punctations, less pronounced
along anterolateral margins, becoming more densely piliferous
apically and with some indication of integumental reddening
apically.

Male. Length, 7 mm. Characters similar to female generally
but differing in following respects : black, but with greater degree
of red on legs, particularly on fore tibiae; silvery pubescence
generally heavier on clypeus and lower frons ; apex of clypeus
notched medially ; antenna with indistinct linear tyloides present
on flagellar segments two through five ; propodeum more rugose
on lateral spheres, extending medially to enclosure ; no delimited
pygidial area.

TYPES. Holotype: $, Davis, California, Oct. 8, 1959 (L. A.
Stange) (University of California, Davis, California) ; allotype:
<?, Davis, California, Oct. 8, 1959 (F. D. Parker) (University
of California, Davis, California). Parat\pcs: 2 §?, 3 J*J\ Sept.
27, 1959, 34 $?, 1 <£ Oct. 8, 1959, 9 $?, Oct. 17, 1959 (F. D.
Parker), 2 $$, 1 J1, Oct. 8, 1959, (L. A. Stange), 1 $, Oct. 19,

Ixxviij F.XTOMOLOGICAL XFAVS 249

1957 (R. E. Rice), 1 J, May 28, 1950 (R. C. Bechtel), and 1 J,
Sept. 27, 1952 (J. C. Hall), all from Davis, California; 1 J,
Antioch, Contra Costa Co., California, Sept. 25, 1958. Para-
types are deposited in collections at University of California,
Davis ; University of Idaho ; California Academy of Science ;
U. S. National Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. Apparently restricted to the central portion
of California.

DIAGNOSIS. Both sexes can be readily recognized by the
entirely red first abdominal tergite, the noticeable convexity of
the dorsal surface of the petiole, the impunctate condition of the
mesokatepisternum, and the smooth, shiny condition of the lat-
eral margins of the propodeum.

DISCUSSION. This species appears to have a fairly restricted
distribution. It is most closely related to M. basirufa because of
a strong similarity in the ornamentation on the clypeus and the
general color and form of the petiole. It is possible that sabina
is a displacement of basirufa in central California. Additionally,
there is a similarity in form and structure of the clypeus between
the females of sabina and those of coquilletti. I believe that
these three species have probably evolved from a common stock-
within the genus Mimesa.

BIOLOGY. Unknown.

Mimesa barri new species

Female. Length, 8 mm. Black ; much of antennae, tarsi, fore
tibiae, tegulae, posterior portion of first abdominal tergite,
second tergite, portion of third tergite, second and third abdomi-
nal sternites, yellowish-red. Wings hyaline, stigma dark,
veins mostly brown, becoming fuscous proximally. Pubescence
silvery.

Head. Quadrate, slightly wider (including compound eyes)
than long ; clypeus shiny, granulate, with a faint, elongate, trans-
verse subapical tumid area, apex nearly truncate with slight
medial indentation ; lower frons with only moderately developed
tubercle between the bases of the antennal insertions ; upper
frons finely but closely punctate ; vertex shiny, moderately but

250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., 1966

finely punctate, except striate laterally, without a postocellar
tumidity or furrow ; gena shiny, reflexed near lower eye margin,
upper gena distinctly striate, lower gena mostly punctate ; occi-
pital carina distinct except for a very narrow distance immedi-
ately before juncture with hypostomal carina ; antenna with first
flagellar segment only slightly longer than second flagellar
segment, width of last flagellar segment at base at least equal to
width of scape.

Thorax. Pronotum normal ; mesoscutum moderately shiny,
moderately punctate ; notaulices indistinct ; parapsidal lines dis-
tinct ; mesoscutellum more shiny than mesoscutum, sparingly
punctate ; postscutellum moderately shiny, granulate, with mod-
erate numbers of long silvery hairs; mesoepisternum entirely
shagreened, finely striate on anepisternal and katepisternal
areas; propodeum with lateral spheres elevated and separated
from dorsal area by carinae; dorsal area irregularly striate,
lateral spheres shagreened, striate anteriorly, rugose-reticulate
centrally, mostly shagreened on extreme lateral areas ; enclosure
narrow and deep; hind coxa about twice as long as hind tro-
chanter, and with a nearly complete, longitudinal, ventral carina.

Abdomen. Ratio of length of petiole to first abdominal tergite
to hind femur — 2:4:4. Petiole short and broad, flattened above,
particularly posteriorly, dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae
distinct, dorsal surface irregularly shagreened to finely granu-
late ; first abdominal tergite well-elevated above petiole ; pygidium
very narrow, about one-third as wide as sixth tergite at pygidial
base, delimited by a well-developed carina, mostly covered with
dense, fuscous, bristle-like pile, otherwise dull and finely granu-
late, without orange markings.

Male. Length, 6.5 mm. Characters similar to female but
differing in the following respects : legs with tarsi yellowish-red,
fore and mid tibiae yellowish-red laterally, darker on outer and
inner faces, hind tibia yellowish-red at basal and apical ends,
otherwise darker, remainder of legs black; abdomen with red-
dish markings frequently confined to posterior margin of first
tergite and all of second abdominal segment ; antenna lacking
distinct tyloides.

IxXVli] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251

TYPES. Holot\f>c: $, Squaw Creek, 4 mi. east Emmett, Gem
Co., Idaho, July 7, 1952 (on Grindelia sp. ) (W. F. Barr) ( Uni-
versity of Idaho) ; allotype: J1, (same data as holotype) (Uni-
versity of Idaho). Deposited at California Academy of Sciences
on indefinite loan from University of Idaho. Paratypes: 4 5$,
(same data as holotype) ; 1 J, 3 mi. SW Sweet, Gem Co., Idaho,
July 3, 1956 (on Grindelia sp.) (W. F. Barr) ; 1 $, 2 ^, 12 mi.
NW Regina, Ada Co., Idaho, July 11, 1952 (on Hdianthus sp. )
(W. F. Barr) ; 1 ?, 7 mi. N Bliss, Gooding Co., Idaho, June 10,
1956 (R. C. Newton) ; 1 $, Corvallis, Ore., Aug. 7, 1941 (on
wild carrot) (R. E. Rider) ; 1 $, 1 J1, Rumsey, Yolo Co., Calif..
May 17, 1958 (A. E. Menke) ; 1 $, Pt. Reyes St., Marin Co..
Calif., July 11, 1958 (S. M. Fidel) ; 1 ?, Berkeley, Alameda Co.,
Calif., July 27, 1910 (J. C. Bridwell) ; 1 J1, Vacaville, Calif..
Sept. 27, 1930. Paratypes are deposited in collections at Uni-
versity of California, Davis and Berkeley ; University of Idaho ;
California Academy of Sciences ; U. S. Natural Museum.

DIAGNOSIS. The females of this species are immediately
distinguished by the very narrow pygidium, extremely short
petiole and the uniformly striate condition of the mesoepi-
sternum. The males are distinguished by the extremely short,
broad petiole and the uniformly striate condition of the mesoepi-
sternum.

DISCUSSION. I take deep pleasure in naming this species after
my colleague, Dr. Wm. F. Barr. This species bears some simi-
larity to Al. yregaria. Members of this previously undescribed
species vie with those of cressoni and dau'soni in their divergence
anatomically from the basic North American stock of Mimesa.
M. barri bears closest resemblance to agalcna and it is probably
a northerly displacement of the latter. Unlike so many other
western North American forms of Mhucsa. this species is quite
distinctive.

BIOLOGY. Unknown except the females are known to visit the
flowers of Grindelia sp., Helianthus sp. and Daitcns sp.

Mimesa agalena new species

Female. Length. 7 mm. Black : undersides of antennae,
tegulae, tarsi, femorotibial joints, posterior margin of first

252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Xov., 1966

abdominal tergite, all of second tergite and sternite, variable por-
tions of third sternite and tergite, and medial portion of
pygidium, yellowish-red. Wings hyaline, stigma and veins dark
brown. Pubescence silvery.

Head. Nearly quadrate, slightly wider (including compound
eyes) than long; clypeus finely punctate, apex truncate, slightly
protuberant, with an elongated subapical transverse depression ;
lower frons with a slight tubercle, much less pronounced than in
other species of the genus, between the lower margins of the
antennal insertions, upper frons punctate to slightly striatopunc-
tate mesally above antennal insertions ; vertex shiny, tending
toward striatopunctate, particularly laterally, without a post-
ocellar tumidity or furrow ; gena shiny, reflexed near lower
eye margin, upper gena generally striate, lower gena commonly
sparsely punctate and lightly shagreened ; occipital carina
evanescent immediately before its juncture with the hypo-
stomal carina ; antenna with first flagellar segment little if any
longer than second flagellar segment, width of last flagellar
segment greater at base than width of scape.

Thorax. Pronotum normal ; mesoscutum moderately to
densely punctate, moderately shiny ; notaulices indistinct ; parap-
sidal lines not prominent ; mesoscutellum shiny, more sparsely
punctate than mesoscutum, postscutellum appearing nearly
granular at least mesally ; mesoepisternum finely striate through-
out ; propodeum with lateral spheres slightly elevated from
dorsal area, sometimes separated from dorsal area by carinae,
dorsal area traversed by distinct striations, frequently with
striations continuing onto lateral spheres, lateral spheres finely
rugose-reticulate or striate throughout, enclosure narrow, deep
anteriorly, not flanked by carinae, extreme lateral areas striate,
strongly shagreened ; hind coxa about twice as long as hind
trochanter, with an indistinct, incomplete, longitudinal ventral
carina.

Abdomen. Ratio of length of petiole to first abdominal tergite
to hind femur — 1.5 : 4.5 : 4. Petiole slightly convex above, square
in outline, with dorsolateral carhuie, dorsal surface irregular ;
pvgidium extremely narrow, width about one-third width of

Ixxvii] K.vroMOLOtacAL M-;\\S

sixth tergite at pygidial base, delimited by a \vell-developed
carina, covered at least mesally with a dense orange-colored pile,
basal portion coarsely granulate.

Male. Length, 5 mm. Characters similar to female but diih-r-
ing in following respects : coloration generally much darker,
considerably less integumental red or yellow, particularly on
abdomen ; clypeus with apex broadly truncate, generally lacking
a transverse subapical depression ; antenna darker with large,
well-developed, rounded tyloides present on flagellar segments
two to six ; mesopleuron more coarsely striate ; propodeum more
coarsely striate on dorsal area, more granulate on lateral spheres.

TYPES. Holot\pe: %, Jamestown, Tuolumne Co., California,
April 26, 1951 (P. D. Kurd) (University of California, Davis,
California) ; allotype: $, Davis, California, June 5, 1949, E. I.
Schlinger) (University of Calif., Davis, California). Para-
tvfcs: All from California: 3 $$, 8 J^, April 17, May 20, June
5" and Aug. 3. 1949, and 1 <?, April 30, 1948 (E. I. Schlinger)
all from Davis ; 1 j, Arroyo Seco Camp, Monterey Co., May
1, 1960 (R. D. Parker) ; 1 $, Tesla, Alameda Co., March 22,
1953 (T. G. Rozen) ; 1 $, Arroyo del Valle, Alameda Co., April
30, 1958 (R. M. Bohart) ; 1 $, 4 mi. E Sonora, Tuolumne Co.,
May 22, 1953 (J. G. Rozen) ; 1 <f, Riverside Co., April 19,
I960 (I. C. Hall) ; 1 J\ Saugus, April 13, 1939 (on Cr\ptantha]
(R. M. Bohart) ; 1 $, May 30, 1953, 1 $ and 1 J\ May 12-13,
1955, 1 J1, May 22, 1956 (E. I. Schlinger) 1 $, May 16, 1957
(R. C. Bechtel), 2 $?, May 22, 1956 (T. C. Hall and E. I.
Schlinger). 1 J\ May 16, 1917 ( R. C. Bechtel), 3^, May 9.
1955, and 1 <$, May"l3, 1956 (R. M. Bohart) all from Samuel
Springs, Napa Co. Paratypes are deposited in collections at
\ 'niversity of California. Davis and Berkeley: University of
Idaho; California Academy of Sciences; U. S. National
Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. California.

DIAGNOSIS. This species is immediately distinguished from
all others of the genus, except barri, by the extreme, short,
,M|iiared petiole. It differs from barri in smaller size, and more
finely ornamented mesopleuron and propodeum. Males addi-
tionally differ from those of barri with the general presence of
tyloides on flagellar segments two to six.

254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., 1966

DISCUSSION. This species bears a closer relationship to barri
than to any other taxon within the genus, and is possibly, in
part, a southern displacement of the more northern barri.

BIOLOGY. Nothing is known on the habits of members of this
species other than a floral visitation record from Cryptantha sp.

A New Record of Symbiocladius equitans

(Claassen) (Diptera, Tendipedidae,

Orthocladiinae)

SELWYN S. ROBACK, Curator, Department of Limnology.
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Symbiocladius equitans (Claassen) has been recorded from
California, Utah, Colorado, and Vermont ( Roback 1953).
Recently Mr. Ralph Sinclair of the Division of Stream Pollu-
tion Control, Tennessee Department of Public Health, sent me
some nymphs of Ef>corus (Iron) sp. collected in the Great
Smoky Mountains in North Carolina. These nymphs had
mature or nearly mature larvae of S. cqititans under their wing-
pads. The exact collection data are as follows : Big Creek, one-
quarter mile above mouth at Walters powerhouse, Haywood
County, North Carolina, 6-15-66 (Coll. Sinclair). This is a
considerable southward extension of the range of this species
in the east.

REFERENCES

CLAASSEN, P. W. 1922. The larva of a chironomid (Trissocladius
equitans n. sp.) which is parasitic upon a may-fly nymph (Rithrogena
sp.). Kansas University, Sci. Bull. 14, No. 16: 395-405.

ROBACK, S. S. 1953. New records of Symbiocladius equitans (Claassen)
with some notes on the genus. Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 251 :
2 pp.

l.XXvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS 255

New Paraleuctra from the Rocky Mountains
(Plecoptera: Leuctridae)1

ALAN V. NEBEKER and ARDEN R. GAUFIN, University of Utah,

Salt Lake City, Utah

Two new species of Paraleuctra were discovered during the
course of intensive investigations of Rocky Mountain stone-
flies. Extensive collecting in all of the Rocky Mountain states
has been carried out as a part of an overall program to obtain
information concerning the taxonomy and ecology of the Rocky
Mountain stonefly fauna. The new species herein described are
found in Montana, Idaho, and Utah. They are closely related
to Paraleuctra occidcntalis, which is found uncommonly in all of
the Rocky Mountain states and all along the Pacific area from
California to Alaska. All three species have been found in the
same streams and no intermediate forms have been encountered.
Ecological separation of the 3 species has been noted in Big
Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake Co., Utah. P. occidentalis oc-
curred throughout the length of Big Cottonwood Creek while
P. jetvctti was restricted to smaller tributary streams fed pre-
dominantly by springs. P. rickcri was found almost exclusively
in small seeps and springs.

The three species are similar in general morphological fea-
tures. The females are almost indistinguishable and cannot be
separated with confidence at the present time. All of the fe-
males of Paraleuctra except P. purccllana are difficult to sepa-
rate. The specific diagnostic characters are found in the male
genitalia and associated structures (Fig. 4).

Paraleuctra jewetti new species (Fig. 2)

Male : length of titillator 0.9 mm ; apex of titillator distinctly
lobed and folded (Figs. 2A, 2B, 2D) ; upper lobe of apex of

1 This study supported by a grant from the National Science Founda-
tion, G-20703 ; and a training grant from the Division of Water Supply
and Pollution Control, W-54.

256

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Nov., 1966

Fig. 1. Para euctra occidentalis

B.I1

A.

Fig. 2 . Paraleuctra jewetti

Fig. 3. Paraleuctra ricken
FIGS. 1-3. New species of Paraleuctra.

titillator much larger than lower lohe (Fig. 2D) ; posterior
margin of ninth tergite with two posteriorly projecting lobes
(Fig. 2A), each one-sixth the width of the tergite at base.
Stem of titillator (Fig. 4) heavy and massive, not undulated but

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

257

ninth tergite

3.

c e re us

female terminalia ( 1.)

1.= R occidentalis
2.= P jewetti
3.= R rickeri

2.
t i t i 1 1 a t o r

(lateral view)

titillator
(dorsal view)

Fig. 4. Analysis of Characteristics

FIG. 4.

258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1966

smoothly arched. Cercus fairly consistent in having a terminal
hook and a small blunt projection subterminal in position
(Fig.2C).

Type. — Holotype male, UTAH, Salt Lake Co., Big Cotton-
wood Creek ^ mile below jet. Mineral Fork, A. V. Nebeker,
June 9, 1965. Additional paratypes as follows : Big Cotton-
wood Creek : at Power plant, May 26, 1 male ; at Mineral Fork,
June 4, 1 male ; May 26, 3 males, 4 females ; at Water Treat-
ment Plant, May 28, 1 male, 1 female ; Montana, Glacier Nat'l.
Park, Swift Current Creek at Swift Current Campground, July
10, 1964, A. V. Nebeker, 1 male.

This form is readily separated from P. occldcntalls by the
massive titillator with the folded and lobed apex. The small
projections of the ninth tergite also separate the two forms. The
two species are about the same size overall. The cercus rarely
has the sharply pointed second subapical projection.

Paraleuctra rickeri new species (Fig. 3)

Male: length of titillator 1.2 mm; apex of titillator smoothly
rounded, not infolded or lobed (Figs. 3 A, 3D) ; upper and lower
lobes of apex of titillator of nearly equal size. Posterior margin
of ninth tergite with two posteriorly projecting lobes (Fig. 3C)
each ^ to -| width of tergite at base, triangular in shape. Stem
of titillator long, slender and smoothly arched but bent slightly
medially. Cercus fairly consistent with a heavy blunt sub-
terminal projection, angular in side view.

Type. — Holotype male, Utah, Salt Lake Co., Big Cottonwood
Cr. at The Spruces, A. R. Gaufin, June 18, 1954. Additional
paratypes as follows : Montana, Lake Co., Yellow Bay Cr., at
Yellow Bay, Hwy. 35, March 28, 1965, A. V. Nebeker, 1 male;
Utah, Salt Lake Co., Cig Cottonwood Cr. at The Spruces,
A. R. Gaufin, June 18, 1954, 2 males, 3 females; Idaho, Latah
Co., 5 mi. N. E. Laird Park, April 19, 1963, W. E. Barr, 1
male; Montana, Missoula Co., Rattlesnake Cr., 12 mi. N. E.
Missoula, April 25, 1965, D. M. Lehmkuhl, 1 male ; Montana,
Glacier Nat'l. Park, seep 1 mile below Iceberg Lake, July 27,
1965, A. V. Nebeker and A. R. Gaufin, 1 male; Montana.
Gallatin Co., Hell Roaring Cr., May 20, 1951, W. Alvord, 1

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

male, 1 female; Montana, Gallatin Co., Hyalite Cr., May 4,
1951, R. Hays, 1 male.

This species is about one-fourth larger than P. occidcntalis
with a much longer titillator. The cercus is different with the
massive square-looking lower process.

Forty-five collections of P. occidcntalis from Utah, Idaho,
Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and California were
carefully compared with the new species. No variations of P.
occidcntalis except the cerci were observed. The cereal varia-
tions are illustrated in Figs. 1D-1G. Fig. ID is from Montana ;
IE is from Oregon and Washington; IF is from Washington;
and 1G is also from Washington. California and some Oregon
speciments show a distinction in that they have a third prong on
the cercus but this is of little value. The egg is illustrated in
Fig. II. The female is illustrated in Fig. 4.

Nomenclature Notice

Notice is given of the possible use of plenary powers by the
Intern. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. in connection with the following,
listed by case number (see Bull. zool. Nomencl. 23, pt. 2/3).

1642. Suppression of Bryaxis schneideri Kugelann, 1794;

Type-species for Bryaxis Kugelann, 1794 (Coleoptera).
1732. Neotypes for Anthocoris nigrellus Zetterstedt, 1838;

Anthocoris nigriconrnis Zetterstedt, 1838; Lygaeus pyg-

maeus Fallen, 1807 (Hemiptera).
1741. Type-species for Phlaeothrips Haliday, 1836 (Thysanop-

tera).

Send comments, with case number, to the Secretary, Intern.
Comm. Zool. Nomencl, c/o British Museum (N.H.), Cromwell
Road, London, S.W. 7, England.

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Oestridae wanted. Botflies of Nearctic deer, elk, caribou, sheep ;
African and European mammals, larvae and adult. Purchase or exchange
for Diptera, Coleoptera. Kenneth J. Capelle, Box 459, Brigham City,
Utah 84302.

Planchets, radiation warning signs and labels, dosimeters and other
isotope-lab accessories. New catalogue free on request. Nuclear Supply
and Service Co., 422 Wash. Bldg., Wash. 5, D. C.

Formosan Insects. Large quantities of dried butterflies, moths, beetles,
cicadas, dragonflies, mantis, grasshoppers, bees, spiders, etc., Rare and
common species, aberrations and sex mosaics for sale. Taiwan Novelty
Co., P. O. Box 860, Taipei, Formosa.

Buprestidae. Neotrop. Anthaxia, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini
pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange
for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'y, Univ. of
Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104.

Ants of fusca and neoformica groups wanted for revision (study or
exchange) pref. nest series with c? & ?• Andre Francoer, Biology Dept.,
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Ants of gen. Myrinica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref.
nest series with J1 & ?. Rene Beique, Biology Dept., Laval Univ.,
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Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa
Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange
for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A.
Nickle. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.

BUTTERFLIES OF
THE DELAWARE VALLEY

By Arthur M. Shapiro

Special Publication of the American Entomological So-
ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs
and map.

The introduction includes discussion of the en-
vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys
to the families and species are given, and for each
species its field notes, distribution (geographical
and seasonal), and food plants are noted.

Price $1.50

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new genera, 13 new species and subspecies are described. Il-
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previously confused are treated at greater length. All known
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zoogeographic and ecologic relationships of the butterflies of
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

DECEMBER I960

Vol. LXXVII No. 10

CONTENTS

Miller — A new Stapliylits from Costa Rica (Lepid. ) 261

Nomenclature notice 264

Ross and Yamamoto — Xe\v sister species of winter stoneflies . . 265

Roy — A new species of Amorphoscelis from Iraq (Mantodea) 267

Davis — Observations on Ropalidia variagata (Hym. ) 271

Index and title page for Volume LXXVII . . 279

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

VOL. LXXVII DECEMBER, 1966 No. 10

A New Staphylus from Costa Rica
(Lepid. : Hesperiidae) 1

LEE D. MILLER, Department of Biology, The Catholic
University of America, Washington, D. C. 20017

\Yhile attending the Seminar in Tropical Biology at the Uni-
versidad de Costa Rica during July and August, 1963, I had
the opportunity to collect in various parts of the country. One
of the most interesting areas visited was a patch of relatively
undisturhed tropical wet forest located ahout ten miles west of
Guapiles in the province of Limon. Many insects were taken
there, but there were relatively few hesperiids, and most of these
were common, widespread species. One specimen, however,
represented an undescribed species and is very interesting from
a distributional standpoint.

Staphylus esmeraldus, new species. Figs. 1, 2 (J1), 3 (^
genital ia)

Male: Head and most of the distal two segments of the palpus
brilliant iridescent green above; frons. upper surface of the
proximal segment of the palpus and the tip of the third segment
black. Cheek and palpus below dark gray. Antenna dark
brown above, below with shaft ringed with brown and yellow
and yellow alone inside flexion of club; nudum dull brown.
Thorax and abdomen above thickly covered with blackish-brown
hairs intermingled with a few golden ones ; below, thorax and
abdomen brown ; legs brown.

1 This research was supported in part by National Sou-nee Foundation
Grant No. G-21977.

(261)

262

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Dec. 1966

Upper surface of forewing dark brown sparsely overlaid with
golden scales, shaded darker hasad and with prominent black
spot at the end of the cell. Two transverse dark bands are
present, one lying just outside the cell and the other along the
margin. The costal fold is well developed. Hindwing above
also dark brown thinly overscaled with gold, darker basad, with
a thin, dark extradiscal line and poorly denned dark submarginal
spots. Under surface of forewing unmarked, rich dark brown,
and that of the hindwing dark brown with basal gold over-
scaling and a few scales of the same color forming an ill-defined
mesial spot-band. The fringes of both wings above and below
dark brown. Length of forewing of holotype. 13 mm.

FIG. 1. Stapliylits csmcraldus, new species. Holotype <$, upper side.

FIG. 2. Same, under side.

The male genitalia are characteristic of the green-headed
Staphylus with a massive, straight tegumen ; a small, curved
uncus ; no scaphium and ornamented valvae. The well-devel-
oped dorsal median spine on the valva serves to separate the
male genitalia of esineraldiis from those of .V. chlorocephala
(Latreille).

Ixxvii I K.NTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263

The female is unknown.

Described from a single specimen. Holotype <§ : COSTA
RICA : 10 mi. W. of Guapiles, Prov. Limon, 520 in. ; 10.viii.1963 ;
perched on foliage with wings outstretched along forest trail,
tropical wet forest (Lee D. Miller) ; <$ genitalia slide no.
M-1457 (Lee D. Miller).

The Holotype is deposited .in the collection of Carnegie
Museum (C. M. Ent. Type No. 512).

This species can he keyed only with difficulty to cJiloro-
cephala in Evans' (1953: 84) key to Stapliylits since he men-
tions a tornal white area on the under surface of the hindwing
which is totally absent in csmcraldns. The only other green-
headed Staphylus, chlora Evans, is totally different, as may be
seen in the diagnosis of the chlorocephala group which follows :

IMG. 3. Stapliyltis csmcraldns, new species, c? genitalia of holotype.

1 . chlorocephala — Contrasting dark and pale bands above ;
no hyaline forewing spots ; forewing costal fold well developed ;
under surface of hindwing with a tornal white shade; southern
Brazil.

2. csmeraldus — Dark bands above less prominent; no hyaline
forewing spots ; forewing costal fold well developed ; under
surface of hindwing dark tornally with a few golden scales ;
Costa Rica.

3. chlora — Dark bands above less prominent; forewing with
prominent hyaline apical and discal spots ; no costal fold on

264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec. 1966

forewing ; under surface of hind wing dark tornally ; Bolivia and
Brazil (Rio Tapajos, Para).

The holotype of esmeraldus is the first record for its group
in Central America ; in fact, this group has previously heen
recorded from no closer than central Brazil. This apparent
gap in the distribution of the dilorocephala group may be real
or not since these insects are rare wherever they are found,
closely resemble some of the commoner Staphyhts in flight and
may have been overlooked by many collectors who were chiefly
concerned with the gaudier, more conspicuous butterflies. In
any event, members of this group of Stap/iyliis should be sought
wherever there are suitable tropical wet or rain forests through-
out South America and at least southern Central America.

REFERENCE

EVANS, W. H. 1953. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae ... in
the British Museum (Natural History). Part III (Groups E, F, G)
Pyrginae. Sect. 2. London, Trustees British Museum : v + 246 pp. ;
pis. 26-53.

Nomenclature Notice

Possible use of plenary powers by the Commission is an-
nounced in connection with the following names, listed by case
number: 1742: Type species for Cosmopteryx Htibner, 1825
(Dipt.). 1745: Suppression of Macrochoeta Macquart, 1851
(Dipt.). 1748: Suppression of Scoptes Hubner, 1819 (Lep.).
1747: Emendation of STENOPODINAE Stal, 1859, to STENOPO-
DAINAE (Hemip.). 1758: Type species for Neolycaena de
Niceville, 1890 (Lep.). 1760: Suppression of Cellia erra-
bunda Swellengrebel, 1925 (Dipt.). 1762: Type species for
Enithares Spinola, 1837 (Hemip.).

Send comments with case number to International Commis-
sion on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o British Museum (N.H.),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7, England. (See Bull. zool.
Nomencl. 23, pt. 4.)

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 265

Two New Sister Species of the Winter Stonefly
Genus Allocapnia (Plecoptera, Capniidae) '

HERBERT H. Ross and TOSHIO YAMAMOTO, Illinois Natural

History Survey, Urbana

Examination of winter stoneflies belonging to the genus Allo-
capnia has disclosed two new7 sister species belonging to the
gramdata group. One of these is abundant in the Cumberland
Plateau area of eastern Tennessee, the other one is known only
from a single specimen collected in the Ozark region of north-
western Arkansas. The two new species must therefore have
originated from a common ancestor that at one time dispersed
between these areas and later broke up into an eastern and a
western population that have since evolved into distinctive spe-
cies. This distribution pattern is another example from the
aquatic insects that the fauna of the Missouri, Arkansas, and
Oklahoma mountains is more extensive than formerly believed
and is intertwined historically with the fauna of the area east of
the Mississippi embay ment region.

We take great pleasure in naming these species in honor of
L. O. Warren and J. D. Unzicker who have contributed much
to the study of the winter stoneflies.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

The two species described herein are typical of the genus
Allocapnia in size, color, and general structure. They belong to
the gramdata group, which is characterized by a large, somewhat
V-shaped, rugose dorsal process on the eighth segment and, in
most species, by a pair of small, haired projections below the
large dorsal rugose process.

Allocapnia warreni new species

Male. — Wings reaching fifth abdominal segment. Seventh
tergite with no dorsal process. Process of eighth tergite with

1 This project has been supported by a research grant from the Na-
tional Science Foundation.

266

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Dec. 1966

rugose area markedly raised and sharply set off from contour
of anterior part of segment; the pair of small haired projections
below the rugose area appear slightly detached from it in dorsal
view. Upper supra-anal process moderately narrow, the apical
segment slightly longer than the basal segment.

2
UNZICKERI

FIGS. 1, 2. Male genitalia of Allocapnia, lateral aspect.

Holotvpc male. — Clear Creek, Washington Co., ARKANSAS;
January 29, 1962; L. O. Warren.

This species is most closely related to granulata (Claassen),
differing in the unusually prominent differentiation of the rugose
lobes of the eighth tergite, and in the longer, uniformly narrow
apical segment of the upper supra-anal process.

Ixxviij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267

Allocapnia unzickeri new species

Male. — \Yings reaching the sixth tergite. Seventh tergite
with no dorsal process. Process of eighth tergite high and
prominent, the large rugose lobes somewhat V-shaped from
dorsal view ; the pair of haired projections just below them
small but prominent. Upper supra-anal process narrow, the
apical segment about U times the length of the basal segment.

Female. — Many female specimens collected on the same
bridges as the male described above would appear to be the same
species. They are exactly like those of granulata.

Holot\pc male and Allotype female. — 3 miles North of Dun-
lap, TENNESSEE; March 12, 1964; H. B. Cunningham. Para-
types. — Many J1, 5 from the type locality and the following
localities in Tennessee: Annadel, twenty-four miles south of
Hillsboro, and Whitwell.

This species possesses a mesal hump on the eighth tergite
which is markedly higher than that of either zvarrcni or granu-
lata, and has the apical part of the upper supra-anal process
much longer than in either of these two species. From warrcni.
to which it is most closely related, it differs also in having larger
rugose lobes which are confluent with the profile of the eighth
tergite.

A New Species of Amorphoscelis from Iraq
(Mantodea: Amorphoscelidae)

R. ROY, Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Xoire,
Universite de Dakar, Senegal

Among specimens of Amorphoscelis from the U. S. National
Museum, which kindly have been made available for study by
Dr. A. B. Gurney, I have been surprised to find a specimen
native to Iraq, that is, in the southern part of the Palearctic
region, when up to now the genus is known only from the
Ethiopian (Africa south of the Sahara ) and Oriental (from

268

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Dec. 1966

India to New Guinea) regions. After detailed examination,
this specimen is seen to belong to a new species, described as
follows :

1 mm

FIGS. 1, 2. Amor phase elis panther ina, n. sp. Holotype
1. Last article of cercus. 2. Genitalia.

Amorphoscelis pantherina n. sp.

Male : General color grayish-beige, with numerous dark spots ;
length of body 18 mm, elytra a little surpassing the apex of
abdomen.

Head strongly spotted with brownish-black, with the frontal
shield almost entirely of this color; juxta-ocular tubercles
scarcely distinct, the posterior ones the best defined ; lateral
prolongations of vertex rather large and rounded. Antennae
annulated in the usual way.

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

269

Pronotum spotted with dark equally strongly and the surface
weakly uneven : the anterior tubercles are not distinct and the
posterior tubercles form only low bosses ; the very distinct cari-
nae are weakly elevated ; the lateral margins are straight.

FIG. 3. Amor phase elis Pantherina, n. sp. Holotype c?.

Anterior coxae with inner surface pale, with some dark spots ;
trochanters also with some small dark spots, and a larger sub-
apical spot ; femora considerably spotted with dark on inner
surface, with the region of the brush in particular completely
darkened; tibiae with 3 large dark transverse bands, subbasal,
median, and apical ; the first article of the tarsi dark-banded at
each end and in the middle, the following ones at the ends only.

Middle and hind legs with tibiae and tarsi regularly dark-
banded, the annulations less regularly on the femora.

270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Dec. I960

Elytra 16.5 mm long, pale, with very numerous dark spots.
Wings hyaline, with some dark spots only in the apical half of
the costal field and at the apex of the discoidal field.

Abdomen dark brown upon the two surfaces ; subgenital plate
trapezoidal, with margins nearly straight and very convergent ;
styles lacking on the sole specimen seen ; cerci wholly pale, their
last article very elongate and with almost parallel margins
(Fig. 1).

Genitalia rather strongly pigmented ; hypophallus with the
lobe well developed and with two rather separated pointed pro-
longations, a long one at the left and a shorter one in the middle ;
apophysis of the right epiphallus with a lateral boss ; titillator
with simple rounded apex ; pseudophallus with denticulate apex

(Fig- 2).

HOLOTYPE male: IRAQ, Arbil Liwa, Aug. 1962; this speci-
men, preserved in the U. S. National Museum, Washington, is
the only one known to me.

AFFINITIES : This new species is closely related to no other
Asiatic species, but seems especially related to A. tigrina Giglio-
Tos, 1913, known only from the Sudanian regions of West
Africa, from Senegal to Cameroun ; it has the same type of color-
ation, and these two species are the only ones to have similarly
two rather separated points on the hypophallus, and the apex
of the titillator simple and rounded. One may note further that
both of them inhabit relatively dry regions, in contrast to the
great majority of the other species of the same genus.

Similarities stop there, and the two species both are distin-
guished by various characters, among others, details of colora-
tion of legs and elytra, form of pronotal tubercles, form and
coloration of the cerci, relative importance of the two prolonga-
tions of the hypophallus.

IxxviiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 271

Observations on Ropalidia variegata (Smith)
(Hymenootera: Vespidae)

T. A. DAVIS, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India

Sixteen colonies of Ropalidia variegata (Smith) were closely
watched from November 1963 to July 1965 on the premises of
the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta. This wasp is active
throughout the year and colonizes both on a dicot plant (Dio-
spyros discolor) and on a monocot, the banana (Mitsa sapien-
tuiii), although Yoshikawa (1964) observed two nests on elec-
tric wires and one on a Baithima branch, and van der Vecht
(1962) on a shoot of a shrub and on a completely exposed iron
wire. Recently I observed an abandoned nest on a woody
shoot of Jasmin it in sp. FIG. 1 shows portions of three nests
on a banana leaf.

The present observations on 100 nests revealed some very
interesting behaviour patterns. Cannibalism or brood eating,
recorded in other wasps, is also common in Ropalidia variegata.
Some founding females as well as workers were periodically seen
devouring eggs, sucking larvae, and even munching pupae after
cutting open the cocoons. This brood eating is more prevalent
where many adults have already emerged, and may suggest that
the wasp has a tendency to check the population growth. Most
larvae, and consequently the adults, which are seen towards the
end of the activities of a colony are usually smaller in size.
Cannibalism may possibly function to prevent the multiplica-
tion of these smaller, and presumably weaker adults. Scarcity of
food, regarded as an important factor, does not seem to apply
in the present case. Of the two or even three colonies found
developing simultaneously on the same tree, severe cannibalism
was noticed in the oldest colony but not in the younger ones.
As the foraging territory could reasonably be the same, scarcity
of food need not affect one colony more acutely than the others.
The most obvious factor that induces cannibalism seems to be
the withering of the leaves on which the colonies are founded.
When the foundation leaf sheds, the letfover eggs, larvae, and

272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Dec. 1966

pupae are usually consumed by other predatory animals. Can-
nibalism may enable workers and females to utilize the rich
food available in the body of those members unable to reach
maturity. At other times it may serve to maintain the sta-
bility of nests partially damaged by wind.

Unlike most Polistcs wasps in which the founding mother is
helped in nursing the larvae as well as in nest-building solely
by her progeny, in the present case, foreign workers from other
nests of the same or different colonies help in these activities,
and also in cleaning the cells, sometimes reducing the length of
cells after their occupants emerge, and occasionally helping an
emerging wasp by widening the mouth on the lid. Until about
the hatching of the first few eggs, only the founding female is
invariably seen on the nest, but when the number of larvae
increases, the mother usually continues her cell-building and
oviposition, and so she has hardly enough time for the feeding
and nursing of the larvae which require frequent attention.
At this stage foreign workers arrive and share her burden.
Even before the emergence of the first adult from a nest, as
many as 5 to 9 workers were seen arriving one by one from
outside. As the number of adults increases with the eclosion
of domestic pupae, some of the workers fly to other younger
nests as maids-in-waiting of the founding mothers. Some fe-
males may start their own nests (or colonies).

The wasps at Calcutta were nesting on the lower surface of
the leaves in the cases of both Diospyros and banana. The
lower surface of the leaves of the former tree is very rough and
hairy and affords greater stability for the nest. Out of the 53
nests of 5 colonies on the clicot leaves, only 2 nests were built
on the upper glossy surface and they were blown oft prematurely.
However, when stronger bases in the form of paper clips were
provided on the smooth side, some wasps readily accepted this
scaffolding for building nests. Evidently the paper clips stimu-
lated the same reactions as the mid-rib of a leaf in other cases.
On the banana leaf, invariably the lower midrib is selected as
it is the strongest and most secure portion of the lamina. Even
when both halves of the lamina bend backwards, the nests could

Ixxvii ]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

273

FIG. 1. Ropalidia raricgata (Smith). Portions of three nests on a

banana leaf.

274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec. I960

still be quite safe, and also protected from wind, rain and
direct sunlight, as well as hidden from predators. It may, how-
ever, be mentioned that in Diospyros only a smaller number of
nests was attached to the mid-ribs.

Each nest has only a single stalk (pedicel), invariably behind
the topmost cell, and balancing of the nests results from the
subsequent cells, which are formed downwards, being so ar-
ranged as to avoid unnecessary strain on the pedicel. Accord-
ingly, the shape and size of the nests vary widely. A count of
the vertical rows of cells per nest in the 100 nests revealed that
the structure of the nests on the banana differs significantly
from that on the dicotyledonous plant. This is due mostly to
the wide dissimilarity in the morphology of the two types of
leaves (Davis, 1966). In 59.57% of the nests in the 11 colonies
on the banana plants there were only two rows of cells each,
and this figure differs significantly from the corresponding one
for the nests on Diospyros, the x2 value with one degree of
freedom being 7.01 (P = 0.0085) which implies that the animal
is capable of changing even the structure of the nest to suit
different sites. The smaller Diospyros leaf, its weaker petiole
and the flexibility of the shoots on which the leaves are borne
tend to produce frequent changes in the position of the lamina.
When the position of a leaf is slightly altered, the stability of
the tilted nests is restored by adding new cells or rows of cells
along the side nearer to the line of gravity. With time, the leaf
may be subjected to further deflections in different directions.
Thus, the number of cell-rows may increase and the nests show
great variations. Since the banana leaf is adapted to vertical
movements, the nests on it do not differ greatly from the usual
two-row pattern.

Ropalidia I'aricgata demonstrated other instances of adaptive
behavior. It chooses the leaf of the right stage of maturity. A
young leaf permits the colony to survive for a longer period,
but a very young leaf is unsuitable. Some superficial injury on
the surface of the leaf is necessary to fix the foot of the pedicel
firmly, and on a very young leaf the pedicel will be loosened
when rapid expansion of the lamina takes place. On the other

Ixxvii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

275

hand, a leaf that is too old will wither away before the wasp
can complete its life cycle.

In a nest partially damaged by wind, three pupae on one
half were consumed by adults, thus relieving the weight of that
side and averting a threatened snapping of the nest. When the
weight was thus reduced, the nest was restored to the original
position and then workers reinforced the pedicel.

The wasp, before laying an egg, examines the empty cell a
few times by inserting her head into it, her mouth almost reach-
ing the base of the cell. This behavior seems very striking if
the cell happens to be a used one which is generally long. A
female in this posture was disturbed 17 times but she repeated
the inspection of the cell each time before she attempted to
oviposit.

TABLK 1. Ropalidia variegata : Duration of pupal life.

Week

Commencing
from

No. of
Pupae

Pupal Life
(days)

Mean Temp.
°C

1

19.11.63

16

*

25.1

2

26.11.63

17

#

24.1

3

3.12.63

8

*

22.4

4

10.12.63

15

20.85

22.4

5

17.12.63

6

21.75

20.2

6

24.12.63

11

25.38

19.6

7

31.12.63

iy

28.10

21.3

8

7. 1.64

18

28.00

23.1

9

14. 1.64

9

28.00

19.9

10

21. 1.64

6

25.00

22.9

11

28. 1.64

4

25.00

18.3

12

4. 2.64

2

27.00

22 2

13

11. 2.64

2

25.00

2 3". 5

14

18. 2.64

1

18.00

28.2

15

25. 2.64

11

14.50

27.1

16

3. 3.64

22

13.77

28.0

17

10. 3.64

26

13.16

29.1

18

17. 3.64

27

12.70

20.3

19

24. 3.64

30

12.04

30.9

20

31. 3.64

47

11.22

32.3

21

7. 4.64

74

10.78

31.7

22

13. 4.64

41

11.00

30.8

23

21. 4.64

24

11.71

28.2

24

28. 4.64

12

12.08

30.6

* Dates of eclosion only are known.

N.B. The 448 pupae are from 3 colonies (112, 285 and 51). Of these,
24 met with premature destruction.

276

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Dec. 1966

The time of development varies with atmospheric changes.
A shift of about 17° C (between the daily mean temperatures
during summer and winter of Calcutta ) brings about a con-
siderable difference in the egg-to-adult cycle. In summer, an
egg develops into an adult in about a month, but in winter, in
about 3 months. The pupal period varies from 29 to 9 days
between winter and summer, thus accounting for about a 300
per cent acceleration in the biological activity. Table 1 gives
data on the duration of pupal life and weekly mean temperatures
(recorded from within 100 meters from the nests) from 19.11.
1963 to 28.4.1964 relating to the first three colonies observed
on Diospyros.

16-2-64

20

FIG. 2. Portion of Nest 8/II. Arrows inside cells represent the positions
of larvae at about 9 AM for a 12-day period. Dark cells contain pupae.

The position of an egg in a cell appears to have some sig-
nificance as regards the position of the subsequent larva. As
the pedicel of a nest is almost horizontal, the first cell at its tip
is also built horizontally, and the subsequent cells attached on
to the first one downwards assume the same orientation. While
laying an egg, the wasp usually faces downwards and inserts her
abdomen into the cell, stretching out the rest of her body in the
air. Thus, the egg which is oblong, is placed vertically at a
lower part of the horizontal tube, and attains the best possible

Ixxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277

stability. In over SQc/c of the cases, the eggs are placed on the
lowest part of the cells, some on the sides, and only very feu-
are fixed at the top hanging downwards, positions that will
apply as well for the larva that hatches. The young larvae are
virtually immovable, and the older ones seldom change their
positions. In FIG. 2 is shown a portion of nest 8 of colony II
with the positions of the mature larvae indicated by arrows.
The darkened cells have pupae. These are daily records taken
at about 9 hrs. between 16.2.1964 and 26.2.1964. Observations
made at 3-hour intervals during a day likewise did not indicate
frequent changes in position. Most of the larvae lie on their
backs projecting their mouths upwards, a position more con-
venient for receiving food from the adults. However, at the
time of spinning its cocoon, the larva rotates freely to enable
its mouth to reach the entire rim of the cell.

I thank Prof. G. Grummer of Greifswakl for taking the
photograph and Mr. S. K. De of the above Institute for the
inked drawing.

REFERENCES

DAVIS, T. A. 1966. Nest-structure of a social wasp varying with siting

leaves. Nature, in press.
VAN DER VECHT, J. 1962. The Australian species of the genus Ropalidia

(Icaria) ( Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zool. Verh. No. 57, Leiden.
YOSHIKAWA, K. 1964. Predatory hunting wasps as the natural enemies

of insect pests in Thailand. Nature and Life in South-east Asia III,

391-398.

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INDEX TO VOLUME LXXVII

( *Indicates new genera, names, etc.)

ABDULLAH, M. Byturidae and Biphyllidae (Coleoptera),
two primitive families of the Heteromera not Clavicornia

—a new interpretation of some old observations 63

The taxonomic position of the Australian Ana pi up its
tiibcrcnlatus, with a proposed new subfamily (Anaplo-
pinae) of the Tenehrionidae, and including remarks on
the family status of the Merycidae (Coleoptera) 143

ALLEN, H. W. The genus Epoinidioptcron Romand (Hy-
menoptera : Tiphiidae) 205

ALEXANDER, C. P. New exotic crane-flies (Tipulidae:

Diptera) . Part XII 69

New exotic crane-flies (Tipulidae: Diptera). Part XIII 217

ALEXANDER, G. The status of Pezotettix bolicinani Stal
(Orthoptera: Acrididae), with designation of a lectotype
and restriction of the type locality 43

BALL, G. E. The Chinese species Dlplochcila minima Jed-
licka : a redescription and observations on its relation-
ships (Col. : Carahidae) 1('

BLICKLE, R. L. A new Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) . . . 185

BROWN, F. M. Panoquina panaquinoides (Skinner) and
Panoquina crrans (Skinner) (Lepidoptera : Hesperi-
idae) 17

BURKS, B. D. The immature stages of A.riina zabriskici
Howard (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) 199

CRUDEN, R. \\r. (See under Ries, M. D.)

DAKIN, M. E. Two new species of Mchuioplits from
Alabama (Orthoptera : Acrididae) 29

DAVIS, T. A. Observations on Ropalidia ?'nriui/ata
(Smith) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) 271

(279,

280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec. 1966

DODGE, H. R. Sarcophaga u til is Aldrich and allies (Dip-
tera : Sarcophagidae) 85

EMMEL, J. F. and T. C. EMMEL. A new Papilio from the
Mojave Desert of California (Lepidoptera : Papilioni-
dae) 57

GAUFIN, A. R. (See under Nebeker, A. V.)

GILLESPIE, W. H. (See under Neel, W. W.)

GITTENS, A. R. Three new species of Miuicsa from the
western United States (Hymenoptera : Sphecidae) .... 247

HARMSTON, F. C. Eleven new Dolichopns from North
America. (Dolichopoclidae : Diptera) 1

HUBBARD, C. A. Ctenoplithalmus copluirns sclimiederi n.
ssp. (Siphonaptera) 100

HULL, F. M. Notes on the genus Ncodif>locainpta Curran
and certain other Bomhyliidae. Part I 225

KALLENBACH, N. R. Review: A history of genetics by
A. H. Sturtevant Ill

KNULL, J. N. Description of male Agrilits bcntseni Knull

and one new species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) 238

Two new North American species of S modicum Lacor-
daire (Coleoptera : Carambycidae) 136

LEONARD, D. E. Bracliymcria intermedia (Nees) (Hy-
menoptera: Chalcididae) established in North America 25

MCDERMOTT, F. A. A correction (for Aspisoma \echae,

pp. 132-135) " 216

Apisoma ycchac sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) .... 132
Photuris lloydi sp. nov. (Coleoptera : Lampyridae) 173

MEDLER, J. T. A resin bee using trap-nests in Wisconsin
and a note on other resin bees (Hymenoptera: Megachi-
lidae) 228

MILLER, L. D. A new Staphylns from Costa Rica (Lepid. :
Hesperiidae ) 261

MUCHMORE, W. B. A cavernicolous pseudoscorpion of
the genus Microcreagris from southern Tennessee 97

NEBEKER, A. V. and A. R. GAUFIN. Gynandromorphism
in Rocky Mountain stoneflies (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) 156
New Paralcuctra from the Rocky Mountains (Plecop-

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 281

tera : Leuctridae ) ..........................

New stoneflies from Idaho (Plecoptera) ............. 36

NEEL, W. W. and \\T. H. GILLESPIE. Leaf mining weevil
damage on the tulip tree in West Virginia ............ 13()

NICKLE, D. A. A new species of Montezumina with the
description of the male of M. bradlcyi Heb. (Orthoptera :
Tettigoniidae ; Phaneropterinae) .................... 159

PHILLIPS, M. E. Harold Johnson Grant, Jr., 1921-1966 . 233

RIES, M. D. and R. W. CRUDEN. New records for Ana.v
longipes Hagen (Odonata) ........................ 187

ROBACK, S. S. A new Procladius species with description
of the immature stages (Dipt. : Chironimidae) ........ 177

A new record of Syvnbiocladius cqnitans (Claasen) (Dip-
tera : Tendipedidae, Orthocladiinae) ................. 2:4

Notes on Tanypodinae types in European museums

( Dipt. : Chironomidae) ............................ 113

Review: Dobrotworsky, N. V., The mosquitoes of Vic-

ii i
tona ............................................ <>0

The immature stages of Stictochironomus annulicrus
(Townes) (Diptera : Tendipedidae ) ................. 169

ROBERTS, R. H. A technique for rearing the immature
stages of Tahanidae (Diptera) ......................

Ross, H. H. and T. YAMAMOTO. Two new sister species
of the winter stonefly genus Allocapnia (Plecoptera:
Capniidae) ..................................... 265

ROY, R. A new species of Amorphoscelis from Iraq (Man-
todea : Amorphoscelidae) ......................... 267

SAETIIER, O. E. Copidosoma ( Litoinasli.v ) naei'ia n. sp.,
a new Encyrtinae from Colorado (Chalcidoidea : Hy-
menoptera) ...................................... 1 03

SLIFER, E. H. A gynandromor])h gra.-^hoppcr that laid
eggs (Orthoptera, Acrididae) ...................... 14(^

SPANGLER, P. J. A new cryptic species of Cymbiodyta
from the midwcstern U. S, (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) 211

WEBER, N. A. Development of pigmentation in the pupa
of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ( Hymennpu-ra : Eor-
micidae) ........................................ 241

282

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Dec. 1966

The subgenus Cyphomannia Weber 1938 of Cyphomyr-
me.i~ Mayr 1862, reinstated, and systematic notes (Hy-
menoptera : Formicidae) 166

WEISMAN, K. E. Distribution of the genus Sphecomyia

Latreille (Diptera : Syrphidae) 50

Sphecomyia (Diptera: Syrphidae), a taxonomic and de-
scriptive analysis 189

YAMAMOTO, T. (See under Ross, H. H.)

GENERAL SUBJECTS Klots: Field book of fresh-
water life 231

Bibliography of H. J. Grant, Jr. 233 Knudsen . Biological techniques 231

Development of pigmentation Metcalf . Advanccs in pest con.

in Trachymyrmex trQ, research g3

Gynandromorph grasshopper RolstQn &nd McCoy . Intfo_

that laid eggs ..... duction ^ appHed entomol.

Gynandromorphism in stone- 230

flles lo6 Snodgrass: Textbook of arth-

Nestmg behavior of Ropalidia 271 ropod anatomy 83

Nomenclature Notice Sturtevant : History of genetics 1 1 1

82, 110, 259, 264

"" ,71 GEOGRAPHICAL

Rearng Tabamdac . . . . .' .' ! ! 79 DISTRIBUTION

Refresher courses . ..147 Alaska: Dipt. 10, 13, 16;

Resin bee using trap-nests . . . 228 Orth. 29

Tulip tree, weevil damage on . 139 Arkansas : Plecop 266

Arizona : Dipt 93

OBITUARIES British Columbia: Dipt 15

r~ British North Borneo : Dipt. 7h

Grant' H" J" Jr' 110 California: Dipt. 2, 3, 6, 227:

REVIEWS Hym.248,253;Lep.

XVJLid V A JL^t VV fcj Tl "1 T~\ ' A "fit-

Brazil : Dipt . 22t>

Binggeli (ed.) : Radioisotopes Colorado : Hym 103

and ionizing radiations in Costa Rica : Lep. 261 ; Orth. . 161

entomology 158 Ecuador : Col 133

Dobrotworsky : Mosquitoes of Florida : Col 173

Victoria 83 Georgia : Col 240

Essig : History of entomology 83 Georgia : Dipt 95

Goodwin (ed.) : Aspect of in- Idaho: Dipt. 4; Hym 251

sect biochemistry 203 India : Dipt 71-76, 217-225

Ixxvii ]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

283

Indiana : Dipt 12

Iraq : Orth 267

Kansas : Col 211

Mexico : Dipt 90

New Hampshire : Trich 185

North Dakota : Dipt 9

Oregon : Dipt 7

Tanzania : Siph 100

Tenn. : Arac. 97; Dipt. 177;

Plec 267

Utah : Plecop 258

COLEOPTERA

Anaplopinae * 147

arisonarium* Smodicum 136

bentscni, Ayrilus 238

Biphyllidae as Heteromera ... 63

Byturidae as Heteromera .... 63

calceatus, Odontopus 139

fimbriata, Cymbiodyta 215

hasardi* Agrilus 239

Isorembus, subgroups of 19

lloydi* Photuris 173

minima, Diplochcila 19

Smodicum, key to N. A 138

te.ranitm* Smodicum 137

toddi* Cymbiodyta 211

tnberculatus, Anaploplus 143

rindicata, Cymbiodyta 215

ycchae* Apisoma 133, 216

DIPTERA

abaftanns* Dolichopus 6

analosuffusa,* Limnophila .... 217
itnintlicrus, Stictochironomus

immatures 169

arizouica, Sarcophaga 90

baltimoreus, Natarsia 123

beeri* Sarcophaga 89

bishoppi, Sarcophaga 91

brevicornis, Sphecomyia . . 50, 193

carinatns, Tanypits 114

carnia, Thienemannimyia .... 123
columbiana, Sphecomyia . 55, 194

commoptera,* Epiphragma ... 70

crassinervis, Procladius 116

deccdcns, Macropelopia 118

dyari, Sphecomyia 50, 196

dysaithria,* Epiphrama 71

cqititans, Symbiocladius 254

factivittatus* Dnlichopits .... 10

finibi-iatns. .\ilofanypits 126

fol gents* Dolichopus 14

footci* Dolichopus 4

jumitjata* Limnophila 223

fitsca, Sphecomyia 50, 198

nci'rgiana* Sarcophaga 94

juhnsoni, Sarcophaga 88

karma,* Limnophila 218

kashongensis* Limnophila . . . 220

hcsseli* Sarcophaga 92

kicffcri, Podonomus 130

kyphotus* Dolichopus 15

mclanops, Conchapclopia 124

nasica, Sphecomyia 50, 198

nigropleurus,* Dolichopus .... 1
nigropunctata, Krenopelopia . . 125
occidentalis, Sphecomyia . . 50, 196

pattonii, Sphecomyia 50, 194

perdilata* Limnophila 221

pcrocellata, Epiphragma 73

pictipcnnis, Pscctrotanypus . . 121

plitmipes, Dolichopus 17

pluriguttula,* Limnophila .... 222
pulchripcnnis, Ablabesymia . . . 128

punctipennis, Tanypits 114

rhododendri* Epiphragma ... 75

Sarcophaga, key to 87

sepia* Neodiplocampta 225

shastaensis,* Dolichopus 5

sini/alaris* Dolichopus 8

smithae* Duliclicpns 12

Sphecomyia, distribution of ... 50

Sphecomyia, key 189

squamicilliatus,* Dolichopus . . 2

subvicina* Epiphragma 77

Tabanidae, rearing of 79

tridcntatus* Eclimus 226

284

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Dec. 1966

tt'ifascipennis, Apsectrotanypus 122

unicolor, Rheopclopia 124

unicolor, Thienemannimyia . . 124

iitilis, Sareophaga 89

vespijormis, Sphecomyia . . 50, 192

vittata, Sphecomyia 50, 191

wilhmi* Procladius 177

sygomus* Dolichopus 9

HYMENOPTERA

agalena,* Mimcsa 251

barri* Mimcsa 249

bicornis, Cyphomynnc.r 167

bigibbosus, Cyphomyrmex . . . 167

campanulae, Mcgachile 228

colombianus, Gyphoinyrmcx . . 167

Cyphomynnc.r 167

dagucrrci, Cyphomyrmex .... 167

Epomidiopteron 205

jaumtlus, Cyphomyrmex 167

flavidus, Cyphomyrmex 167

fo.vi, Cyphomyrmex 168

hockingsi, Trigona 230

intermedia, Brachymeria 25

julii, Epomidiopteron 206

lectus, Cyphomyrmex 168

Litomastix, species of 108

morschi, Cyphomynnc.r 168

nacvia,* Copidosoma 103

olitor, Cyphomynnc.r 168

rimosus pencosensis, Cypho-
mynnc.r 168

sabina* Mimcsa 247

septcntrionalis, Trachymyr-

mc.r, pigmentation 241

variagata, Ropalidia, biology . 271

sabriskiei, Axima, immatures . 199

LEPIDOPTERA

errans, Panoquina 17

esmeraldus* Staphylus 251

indra martini* Papilio 57

indra, Papilio, six subspecies . 59

panoquinoidcs, Panoquina .... 17

ORTHOPTERA

altitudinum, Pczotcitix 43

Bibliography of H. J. Grant . 233

bohcmani, Pczotcttix 43

bradleyi, Montezumina 159

cantralli,* Mclanoplus 29

differ entialis, Melanoplus gy-

nandromorph 149

dodyci, Mclanoplus 43

granti* Montezumina 161

panthcrina,* Amor phase elis . . 267

primaestivus* Mclanoplus .... 33

SMALLER ORDERS

anabola* Oxycthira (Trich.) 185

aurca, Arcynoptcryx (Plecop. ) 41
cinctipes, Nemoura (Plecop.),

gynandromorph 156

coloradensis, Capnia (Plecop.) 38
cophurus sclnnicdcri* Ctcnoph-

thalamns (Siph.) 100

cygna, Capnia (Plecop.) 37

distincta, Capnia (Plecop.). 38, 41

jcwctti* Paralcnctra (Plecop.) 255

longipes, Anax ( Odon.) 187

ncdia* Capnia (Plecop.) 36

Plecoptera from Idaho 36

strigatus, Cyphomynnc.r 168

rickeri* Paralcuctra (Plecop.) 258

trava, Capnia (Plecop.) 38

nnzickeri* Allocapnia

(Plecop.) 266

warreni* Allocapnia (Plecop.) 265

NON-HEXAPODA
PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA

nickafackensisj* Microcreagris 97

NON-ARTHROPODA

Liriodcndron, weevil damage

on

139

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