?, 122 Melanargia galatea, 35, 107,234, 358; lachesis, 107 ; syllinus, 107 Alelanchra, 6 Melanippe fluctuata, 19, 20, 58, 92, 97, 132, 147, 315, 316 ; galiata, 16, 49, 94, 308, 327, 359 ; hastata, 21, 319 ; montanata, 37, 39, 45, 47, 147, 226, 356 ; procellata, 16, 249, 272 ; rivata, 16, 45, 308, 359 ; sociata, 147, 356 ; subtristata, 45, 227 ; tristata, 46, 307 ; unangulata, 16 Melanitis leda, 229 Melanthia albicillata, 16, 147, 319 ; ocel-' lata, 45, 93, 147, 226, 308, 356 Melita?a athalia, 35, 91, 107, 143, 315 ; aurinia, 107, 329 ; deione, 107 ; dic- tynna, 35 ; didyma, 35, 107 ; cinxia, 107, 319 ; parthenie, 35, 107 ; phoebe, 35, 107 Mesosemia lamaehus, 190 Mesotype lineolata, 316 ; virgata, 316, 357 Metacrias, 7 Metrocampa margaritata, 15, 46, 146 Miana ffithiops, 48 ; bicoloria, 145, 333 ; fasciuncula, 16, 45 ; furuncula, 16, 48, 327, 357 ; literosa, 45, 145 ; stri- gilis, 16, 45, 48, 145 Micropteryx semipurpurella, sparman- nella, subpurpurella, unimaculella. 152 Microtia elva, 190 Mimseseoptilus bipunctidactylus, 359 Miselia (Physelia) oxyacanthse, 47, 855 Moma orion, 316 Morphidffi, 122 Morpho hyacinthus, 189 ; montezuma, 189 INDEX. IX Mycalesis safitza, 229 Mylothris agathina, 228 Myrina dermaptera, 229 Myscelia pattenia, 190 Mysoria Venezuela, 191 Nffinia typica, 48 Nannodia stipella, 192 Nemeobius lucina, 21, 22, 106, 226, 318 Nemeophila russula, 331 Nemophoia metaxella, sehwarziella, swammerdammella, 152 Nemoria viridata, 17 Neolycfena, 2 Nephele argentifera, 229 ; hespeius, 229 302 Nephopteryx spissicella, 30 Nepticula acetosae, anomalella, argenti- pedella, aurella, gratiosella, ignobi- lella, marginicoleila, oxyacanthella, plagicolella, septembrella, 197 Neptis marpessa, 229 Neuria saponariffi, 16, 20 Neuronia popularis, 144, 205 Nisoniades tages, 329, 356 Noctua augur, 16, 93 ; baia, 15, 44, 46, 48, 94, 145 ; biunnea, 15, 17, 44, 46, 145 ; eastanea, 17, 270, 305, 317, 327 ; c-nigrum, 15, 16, 45, 94, 145, 327 ; dahlii, 15 ; depuncta, 46 ; festiva, 15, 46, 92 ; glareosa, 145, 327 ; neglecta, 226, 227, 271, 317, 327 ; plecta, 45, 145, 327 ; ihomboidea, 15, 250 ; rubi, 16, 145, 327 ; stigmatica, 17 ; sub- rosea, 179 ; triangulum, 15, 16, 17, 44, 145 ; umbrosa, 17, 94, 145 ; xantho- grapha, 46, 145, 327 Nola centonalis, 178 ; conf usalis, 330 ; strigula, 48, 227 Nonagria arundinis, 17, 144; lutosa, 327, 333 (Calamia), 357 Notodonta bicolor, 178 ; camelina, 16, 94, 144 ; chaonia, 202, 227, 332 ; eu- cullina, 319 ; dictfea, 16, 247 ; dictfe- oides, 16, 130, 305, 332 ; dodouea, 16 ; dromedarius, 95, 332 ; tiepida, 19, 47, 95 ; ziczac, 144, 247 Notolophus leucostigma, 254 Nudaria mundana, 16, 144; senex, 16, 330, 357 Numeria pulveraria, 308 Nyctemera, 252 ; annulata, 7 ; double- dayi, 7 Nymphalidse, 122 Nyssia hispidaria, 158, 182 ; zonaiia, 315 Ochsenheimeria birdella, 126 Ocneiastoma piniaiiella, 194 Odonestis potatoria, 10, 14, 49, 181, 315, ."516 (see also Cosmotiiche) Odontopera bidentata, 16, 37, 39, 45, 92, 94, 146, 227 GUcogenia quadripunctata, 193 (Ecophora f ulviguttella, f uscescens,lamb- della, minutella, pseudospretella, 193 CEnis aello, 21 CEnophlla v-flava, 195 Oligostigma arsealis, 252 Olindia ulmana, 81 Ophiodes lunaris, 179 Ophiusa griseimargo, melicerta, mor- moides, selenaiis, 205 Opoiabia, 22 ; autumnata, 53, 88, 323 ; chiistyi, 59, 60 ; dilutata, 21, 47, 49, 54, 147, 227 ; filigrammavia, 54, 88 ; gueneata, 54, 57, 60; inscripta, 60; melana, 60 ; nebulata, 57 ; obscurata, 58, 60 ; sandbergi, 57 ; schneideri, 58 ; typica, 58 ; virgata, 57 Oporina croceago, 21 Oresia argyrostigma, emarginata, provo- cans, 205 Orgyia antiqua, 17, 48, 91, 97, 144, 227, 229 ; (Dasychira) fascelina, 45 ; gono- stigma, 91 ; (Dasychira) pudibunda, 16 Ornix anglicella, 194 ; betulie, guttea, seoticella, 195 Orthosia lota, 21, 47, 49, 145, 355 ; maci- lenta, 145 ; suspecta, 92 ; (Cerastis) vaccinii, 202 Orthotsenia antiquana, ericetana, 79 Orthotelia sparganella, 154 Pachetra leucophrea, 19 Pachnobia rubricosa, 145, 182, 203, 204 Pachythelia (Psyche) villosella, 42 Pcedisca bilunana, corticana, oj)hthal- micana, semifuscana, solandriana, 81 Pamplusia mercuriana, 81 Pamphila hottentota, mohopaani, 229 Panagra petraria, 146, 226, 227 Pandesma fugitiva, umbrina, 205 Panolis piniperda, 182, 202, 204 Panthiades, 191 Papilio, 22 ; ajax, 162 ; alcamedes, 191 ; alexanor, 104 ; belesis, 191 ; cenea, 229; epidaus, 191; hospiton, 165, 166 ; machaon, 33, 105, — var. auran- tiaca, 105 ; numitor, 191 ; panares, 191 ; podalirius, 104, 164, 165, 166, 288, — var. zanclaeus, 165 ; thoas, 191 ; thymbrasus, 191 Pararge achine, 36 ; egeria, 108, 143, 163, 226, 319, 351; egerides, 319; hiera, 359 ; msera, 36, 108, 359 ; me- gsera, 36, 108, 143, 226, 359 ; xiphia, 319 ; xiphiodes, 319 Parasia carlinella, metzneriella, 193 Parnassiidst, 122 Parnassius apollo, 33, 105, 165, 282 ; delius, 33, 105 Pechypogon barbalis, 226, 227 Pelurga comitata, 48, 93, 147 Penthina betulaetana, dimidiana, mar- INDEX. ginaua, ochroleucaua, pnmiana, sau- ciana, sororculana, vaiiegana, 32 Pempelia palumbella, 'SO Pericallia syringaria, 48, 216 Peridi'omia guatemalena, 190 Peronea aspeisana,caledoniana, comari- ana, comparana, 31 ; ciistana, 31, 179 ; feiTugana, hastiana, maccana, mixtana, permutana, perplexana, shepherdana, sponsana, variegana, 31 Phalera bucephala, 49, 93, 95, 144, 227 356 Phaloesia saucia, 191 Phibalapteryx polygrammata, 179 ; ter- sata, 16, 48 ; vitalbata, 16 ; vittata, 147 Phibaloceia quercana, 154 Phigalia pedaria, 13, 46, 146, 182, 186, 227 ; pilosaria, 13, 182, 227 Phlogophora meticulosa, 13, 46, 48, 92, 94, 145, 355 Phcebis argante, cipris, 191 Phorodesma bajulaiia, 227 ; smaiag- dai'ia, 319 Phyciodes ptolyea, 190 ; theona, 190 Phycis dilutella, 30 ; fusca, 30 Phytometra senea, 44, 226 ; viridaria, 146 Pierididffi, 122 Pieris alba, 229 ; brassicfe, 33, 46, 47, 105, 143, 184, 351, 355 ; callidice, 33 ; calydonia, 191 ; chaiina, 229 ; dapli- dice, 42, 69, 105, 155, 164, 306, 328 ; feronia, 191 ; gidica, 229 ; josepha, 191 ; krueperi, 314 ; napi, 19, 33, 47, 105, 129, 143, 162, 181, 226, 355,— var. bryonias, 19, — ab. flava, 328 ; phi- leta, 191 ; lapa;, 19, 33, 47, 105, 130, 143, 203, 220, 268, 316, 351, 355, 360, — var. metra, 328 ; severina, 229 Platypteryx falcula, 95 ; lacertula, 95 ; unguicula, 15, 95 Platyptilia acanthodactyla, 19 ; ochro- dactyla, 147 Plebius ffigon, 217 Pleurota bicostella, 193 Plodia interpunctella, 30 Plusia aurifera, 322 ; biactea, 146 ; chal- cites, 6 ; chrysitis, 6, 146 ; festuciB, , 10, 146, 306; gamma, 6, 130, 146, 202, 250, 273, 307, 315, 318, 356, 358, 359, 360 ; iota, 6 ; moneta, 16, 19, 93, 249, 272, 305, 318, 319; pulchrina, 14:1, 356 ; verticillata, 322 Plutella annulatella, cruciferarum, dal- ella, porrectella, 153 Pcecilocampa populi, 144, 227, 231 Polia chi, 186, 327; flavicincta, 327, 355 Polygonia c-album, 224 Polyommatus adonis, 10 ; ffigon, 234, 317 ; agestis, 235 ; alciphron, 34, 105 ; amphidamus, 164, 188, 189 ; argia, 317 ; argiolus, 235, 269 ; bellargus, 19 ; corydon, 300, 316 ; dorilis, 105 ; hippothoe, 34, 105 ; icarus, 19, 315, 316, 317; phloeas, 14, 34, 46, 105, 143, 163, 226, 358, 858; virgaurea, 34, 105 Pontia alceata, 229 Poiina, 6, 188 ; cervinata, despecta, uinbraculata, signata, 8 Porthesia (Liparis) clnysorrhoea, 16, 307, 356, 358 ; similis (Liparis) auri- flua, 227 Prays cnrtisella, 153 Precis elgiva, 229 ; genoveva, 190 ; tuk- uoa, 229 Prorilia betulina, 18; salicolella, 18 Protogonius cecrops, 190 Pseudophia tirrhoea, 205 Pseudoterpna pruinata, 146 Psilura monacha, 227, 315 (see also Liparis) Psychoides verhuellella, 126 Pterophorus, 82 ; galactodactylus, 83 ; monodactylus, 147, 359 Pterourus, 168 Ptilodontis palpina, 16, 224, 332 Ptycholnma lecheana, 32 Pygwra curtula, pigra, reclusa, 19 Pyrameis atalanta, 268, 316 ; cardui, 20, 315, 316, 319, 358 Pyrausta, 100 : purpuralis, 227, 359 Pyrgus vindex, 229 Pyrisitia proterpia, 191 Pyrodes rheediella, 82 Recurvaria leucatella, 192 Retinia buoliana, 81 ; pinivorana, 82 Rhacodia caudaua, 32 Rhodocera cleopatra. 105 ; rhamni, 105, 165 Rhodophjea consociella, 30 Riodinidre, 122 Rumiacratiegata,45, 92, 227 ; luteolata, 47, 146, 204, 356 Rusina tenebrosa, 16, 17, 93, 145 Salamis anacardii, 229 Satnrnia pavonia, 19, 317, 340, 341, 343 ; pyri, 340, 341, 343 ; schaufussi (hybr.), 345 ; schlumbergeri (hybr.), 345 ; spini, 340, 341, 343 Saturniades, 121 Satyridffi, 122 Satyrus abdelkader, 198 ; actsea, 36 ; alcyone, 21, 36 ; anthelea, 97 ; aris- tffius, 108; aurantiaca, 98 ; bischoijfi, 97 ; circe, 21, 108 : fidia, 108 ; hermi- one, 21, 36, 108 ; ianira, 46 ; josephi, 97 ; neomiris, 108, 165 ; pamirus, 98 ; parisatis, 98 ; semele, 36, 43, 97, 108, 143, 235, 267 ; staudingeri, 97 Scardia arcella, cloacella, granetella, 127 Schcenobius forficellus, mucronellus, 29 Sciaphila chrysantheana, 79; colqu- hounana, 80 ; consiDersana, 79 ; hybri- dana, 79 ; subjectana, 79 ; virgaure- ana, 79 INDEX. XI Scodiona belgiaria, 17 Scoparia, 100 ; alpina, 110; ambigualis, 109-114; atomalis, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114; basistrigalis, 109-113 ; conspicu- alis, 109, 113, 114; eratffisalis, 110, 112 ; delunella, 114 ; dubrella. 111 ; dubitalis, 113, 114 ; ingratella, 113 ; mercurella, 110, 112-114 ; pallida, 114; phueoleuca, 113; resinea, 114; ulmella, 109, 110, 113, 114 Scopelosoma satellitia, 46, 145, 204, 227 Selenia bilunaria, 146 ; illunaria, 93, 94, 182, 183 ; illustraria, 45 ; (Enno- mos), 16 ; lunaria, 48, 94 ; juliaria, 93 Selidosoma ericetaria, 146 Semasia ianthinana, rufillana, wceberi- ana, 81 Seraioscopis avellaiiella, 126 Sericoris cespitana, flugiana, lacunana, rivulana, urticana, 79 Serrodes inara, 205 Sesia andreniformis, 178 ; asiliformis, 203, 315 ; culieifoimis, 254, 330 ; cyni- piformis, 303, 315 ; ichneumonifonnis, 315 ; myopiformis, 330 ; philantlii- formis, 319 ; scoliifoimis, 315, 330 ; sphegiformis, 21, 178, •"J15 ; tabani- formis, 178 ; vespiformis, 178 Setina irrorella, 331 Sisyrophyta, 100 Smeiinthus ocellatus, 19, 93, 95, 144, 329, 340, 342 ; popnli. 12, 19, 47, 48, 95, 144, 234, 340, 342 ; tilia;, 19, 48, 202, 319, 330 Smyrna blomfildia, 190 Solenobia inconspicuella, wockii, 20 Sphajnogona boisduvaliana, 191 Sphaleroptera ictericana, 80 Sphingides, 121 Sphingomorpha monteironis, 205 Sphinx convolvuli, 6, 49, 91, 270 ; ligus- tri, 43 ; pinastii, 250 Spilodes palealis, 308 ; sticticalis, 40, 272, 308 Spilonota incarnatana, roborana, rosfe- colana, trimaculaua, 32 Spilosoma, 7 ; dorsalis, 131 ; fuliginosa, 144 ; lubricipeda, 49, 131, 144, 250, 316, 323, — var. radiata, 316 ; mendica, 47, 144, 227, 253, 331, 342,— var. rustica, 331, 342; menthastri, 21, 92, 144, 356; urticse, 323, 331 (see also Arctia) Spilothyrus althsa, 108 ; lavaterse, 36, 108 Stauropus fagi, 16, 308, 332 Sterrha sacraria, 146, 198 Stilbia anomala, 14, 17, 46, 145, 317, 327 Stigmonota compositella, germarana, perlepidana, ravulana, regiana, 82 Strenia clathrata, 314 Swanimerdammia combinella, griseocap- itella, pyiella, spiniella, 153 Symsethis oxyacanthella, 125 Synia maculosa, 178 Syrichthus alveolus, 314 ; alveus, 36, 108 ; andromeda, 36 ; carthami, 36, 108; cirsii, 108 ; fritillum, 36 ; lineo- la, 37 ; malvre, 37, 47, 226, 329 ; sao, 37, 108 ; seriatuke, 37 ; tages, 37 ; thaumas, 37 Tachyptilia populella, temerella, 192 Tffiniocampa cruda, 44, 182, 204, 227 ; gothiea, 44, 92, 145, 182, 183, 202, 319 ; gothicina, 319 ; gracilis, 145, 203, 204 ; incerta, 145, 204, 349 ; iu- stabilis, 44, 182, 349 ; miniosa, 202, 204, 227 ; munda, 204 ; pulverulenta, 145, 182, 198 ; rubricosa, 44 ; stabilis, 46, 92, 93, 145, 182, 202, 203, 204, 227 Tanagra atrata (chaerophyllata), 356 Tapinostola bondii, 113 ; concolor, 179 ; fulva, 144, 198 Tasitia eresimus, 189 Teinopalpidfe, 122 Teleia dodecella, humeralis, proximella, triparella, vulgella, 192 Tephrosia biundularia, 202 ; crepuscu- laria, 47, 182, 203 ; extensaria, 20 ; punctularia (ata), 47 Teracolus anns, 229 ; evippe, 228 ; jo- bina, 228 ; theogone, 228 Teras contaminana, 32 Terias regularis, zoe, 229 Tethea retusa, 20 Thais canteneri, 166, 167 ; cerisyi, 166, 288 ; deyrollei, 166, 288 ; medesicaste, 105; ochracea, 167; polymnia, 167; polyxena, 166, 167 ; rumina, 166 Thalpochares ostrina, parva, 179 Thanaos tages, 226 Thecla, 191 ; betulfe, 17, 94, 95, 168 ; ilicis, 34, 104 ; pruni, 168 ; quercus, 94, 143, 168, 198, 227, 229, 235, 319, 329; roboris, 105; rubi, 47, 48, 105, 143, 226, 308; spini, 34, 105, 168; w-album, 20, 202, 269, 308 Thera juniperata, 49, 356 ; variata, 44, 45, 47, 49, 147 Thyatira batis, 15, 46 ; derasa, 15, 144 Timetes chiron, 190 Tinea confusella, fuscipunctella, lapella, merdella, misella, nigripunctella, pal- lescentella, pellionella, semifulvella, tapetzella, 127 Tineola biselHella, 127 Tischeria complaiiella, marginea, 196 Tortrix costana, 30 ; donelana, 31 ; fos- terana, 31; heparana, 30; minis- trana, 31 ; palleana, 31 ; podana, 31 ; ribeana, 30 ; rosana, 30 ; unifasciana, 30 ; viburnana, 31 ; viridana, 31 ; xylosteana, 30 Trichiuva cratasgi, 94, 231, 331 Xll INDEX. Trigonodes obtusans, 205 Triphiena comes, 327, — var. curtisii, 18 ; fimbria, 15, 17, 44, 46, 48, 97, 204, 236, 251, 318, 357; ianthina, 17, 44, 48, 93 ; interjecta, 16, 20 ; oibona, 15, 44, 46, 182, 183; pronuba, J5, 45, f^48,i204, 327, 357 ; subsequa, 15, 17, 44 Triphosa dubitata, 227, 316 Trochilium crabronifoimis, 330 Tiycheiis auiana, 125 Tyiia jacobaj^, 252 Uropteryx sambucaria, 16, 47, 94, 99, 146 Vanessa antiopa, 107, 155. 166, 167, 250, 267, 268, 283, 288, 304, 354,— var. hygiasa, 288 ; atalanta, 7, 13, 14, 17, 20, -iS, 38, 44, 46, 48, 49, 92, 94, 101, 103. 129, 188, 290, 304, 351, 355 ; c-album, 35, 107, 164, 167, 290 ; cardui, 7, 14, 107, 143, 229, 250, 283, 288. 290, 304, 308, 351, 354 ; egea, 106 ; gonerilla, 7, 188; io, 13, 14, 17, 35, 48, 87, 107, 130, 143, 166, 198, 268, 283, 304, 316, 329 ; levana, 162, 164, 286, 289,- — ab. porima, 289, — var. prorsa, 288 ; polychloros, 20, 35, 93, 107, 166, 182. 203, 226, 235, 283, 289, 304,— ab. testudo, 289 : urticre, 17, 35. 46, lOl, 103, 107, 143, 164, 166, 167, 181, 224, 283, 288, 2'.)0, 316, 355,— var. ichnusa, 164, — ab. ichnusoides. 288, — var. po- lans, 164 (see also Aglais, Cynthia, Euvanessa, Polygonia, and Pyrameis) Venilia i.iaculata, 47, 146, 179, 198, 227 ; quadrimaculata, 179 Venusia cambrica, 186 Victorina steneles, 190 Xanthia aurago, 308 ; cerago, 47 ; cir- cellaris, 145, 327; ferruginea, 307, 355 ; flavago, 145 ; gilvago, 305, 307 Xanthosetia hamana, zcEgana, 126 Xyiina ornithopus, 145 ; soeia, 145 ; zinckenii, 179 Xylocampa areola, 145 ; lithorhiza, 47, 93, 202, 203, 204 Xylophasia alopecurus, 45 ; combusta, 248 ; hepatica, 15 ; infuscata, 45 ; lithoxylea, 16, 45, 48, 144, 204 ; mono- glypha, 92, 144, 308, 356 ; polyodon, 15, 45, 92, 186, 356, 357 : rurea, 45, 144, 248 ; sublustris, 16, 333 Zanclognatha grisealis, 146; tarsipen- nalis, 146 Zaretes isidora, 190 Zelleria phillyrella, 194 Zephyrus, 168 Zei-itis thysbe, 360 Zeuzera ssculi, 16 ; d'urvillei, 221 ; pyrina, 254 Zonilia accentifera, 302 Zonosoma porata, 317 ; punctaria 317 Zygffina filipendulae, 17, 94, 144, 178, 340. 343 ; lonicerse, 178, 330 ; pilo- sellffi, 330 ; trifolii, 17, 178, 316, 330, 340, 343 (see also Anthrocera) ODONATA (Neuropteea, Linn, partim). Many of the following references to Odonata occur under iittle-known synonyms, for which see pp. 41, 74, 174, 215, 259, 388. iEschna, 350 ; affinis, 52 ; casrulea (bore- alis), 41, 51, 138, 338,339; cyanea, 41, 74, 88, 91, 138, 142, 206, 211, 212, 216, 225, 257, 258, 259, 298, 338, 339, 350; dolobrata, 43; grandis, 41, 74, 88, 137, 174, 175, 216, 298, 316, 338, 339 ; isosceles (rufescens), 51, 216, 298, 338, 339 ; juncea, 41, 88, 139, 141, 216, 298, 338, 339 ; mixta, 19, 41, 50, 138, 140, 216, 298, 307, 316, 317, 338, 339 Agriocnemis inversa, 43 Agrion, 142, 174, 183, 259; hastulatum, 52, 339; mercuriale, 141, 142, 201, 228, 339 ; puella, 41, 74, 88, 137, 212, 215, 228, 260, 297, 298, 339 ; pulchel- lum, 50, 137, 141, 215, 260, 297, 298, 339 Anax imperator, 51, 88, 140, 174, 175, 216, 258, 298, 338, 339 Atoconeura, 43 ; biordinata, 43 Brachytron pratense, 41, 140, 216, 228, 298, 316, 338, 339 Calopteryx, 52, 142,174; sjDlendens, 42, 137, 141, 216, 298, 338, 339 ; virgo, 42, 74, 141, 175, 216, 228, 298, 3.38, 339 ; virgo var. anceps, 42, 216, 298 Cordulegaster annulatus, 41, 75, 138, 140, 174, 175, 216, 228, 298, 316, 338, 339 Cordulia, 259 ; senea, 41, 74, 137, 141, 174, 175, 216, 260, 298, 338, 339 Enallagma cyathigerum, 41, 137, 138, 139, 141, 158, 215, 260, 298, 339 Epitheca bimaculata, 350 Erythromma naias, 137, 141, 212, 216, 230, 260. 298, 339 Gomphus, 255; flavipes, 216, 298, 338 ; vulgatissimus, 74, 132, 141, 174, 175, 216, 228, 298, 316, 338, 339 Ischnura elegans, 50, 137, 139, 141,215, 225, 228, 230, 260, 297, 298, 339; piimilio, 201, 215, 228, 260, 297, 298, 315, 317, 339 ; pumilio var. aurantiaca, 201, 215, 260, 315 INDEX. Xlll Lestes, 174 ; barbara, 339 ; dryab (nym- pha), 51, 298, 339 ; sponsa, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 175, 216, 298, 339; uncifer, 43 ; virens, 339 ; viridis, 339 Leuconhinia dubia, 137, 138, 260, 299, 338, 339 Libellago consueta, 43 ; trifaria, 43 Libellula, 259 ; depressa, 74, 174, 175, 217, 227, 259, 298, 316, 318, 338, 339 ; fulva, 42, 75, 174, 217, 260, 298, 338, 339 ; pulchella, 350 ; quadrimaculata, 42, 74, 137, 139, 174, 206, 210, 217, 227, 247, 248, 259, 298, 316, 338, 339, 350 ; quadrimaculata var. praenubila, 217, 259, 298 Lindenia forcipata, 338 Mecistogaster ornatus, 191 Notogomphus stuhlmanni, 43 Orthetrum caerulescens. 50, 75, 140, 174, 217, 228, 260, 298, 316, 338, 339 ; cancellatum, 75, 140, 174, 217, 260, 298, 315, 338, 339 ; pollinosum, 43 Oxygastra curtisii, 216, 260, 298, 338, 339 Pantala flavescens, 260 Platycnemis pennipes, 142, 143, 216, 228, 260, 298, 338, 339 ; pennipes var. albicans, 216 Pseudagrion gerstjeckeri, 43 Pyrrhosoma nymphula (minium), 41, 51, 74, 137, 138, 139, 141, 175, 215, 228, 260, 298, 315, 339 ; tenellum, 141, 215, 297, 317, 339 Khinocyphea fulgidipennis, 204 Somatochlora alpestris, 52 ; arctica, 138, 338, 339 ; metallica, 19, 97, 138, 216, 260, 298, 388, 339 Sympetrum flaveolum, 139, 217, 260, 272, 299, 338, 339 ; fonscolombii, 338, 339 ; meridionale, 338 ; sanguineum, 42, 139, 217, 260, 272, 299, 316, 338, 339 ; scoticum, 75, 137, 138, 139, 140, 174, 217, 260, 299, 316, 338, 339; striolatum, 42, 50, 74, 132, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 157, 174, 217, 260, 272, 299, 307, 316, 338, 339 ; vicinum, 350 ; vulgatum, 140, 206, 338, 339 Trithemis furva, 43 ; pruinata, 43 PLANIPENNIA (Neuroptera, Linn, partim). Chrysopa flavifrons, 354 | Hemerobius stigma (limbatus) 49 ORTHOPTERA. Acridium aegypticum (tartaricum), 4 Anisolabis annulipes, 2, 158, 301 ; co- lossa, 360 ; maritima, 2 Apterygida albipennis, 2, 4, 76, 77 ; arachidis, 2, 158 Barbitistes serricauda, 4 Blabera gigantea, 3 Blatta americana, 3, 97, 129, 160 ; aus- tralasiae, 3, 160 ; orientalis, 3 Capnoptera quadrimaculata, 159 Chelidura acanthopygia, 2 Chelisoches morio, 2 Conocephalus, 4 Copiophora, 4 ; brevirostris, 4 Decticus albifrons, 4 ; verrucivorus, 4 Ectobia lapponica, 2, 266 ; livida, 2 ; panzeri (ericetorum), 2, 11, 301 Ephippigera vitium, 4 Forficula auricularia, 2, 87, 301, 317; decipiens, 76, 77 ; lesnei, 2, 76, 77 ; pubescens, 76 Gampsocleis glabra, 4 Gomphocerus maculatus, 4 ; rufus, 4 ; sibiricus, 4 Gryllus bimaculatus, 4 ; brunneri, 4 ; campestris, 4, 49, 132 ; capensis, 4 ; domesticus, 4 Gryllotalpa didactyla, 4 ; vulgaris, 4 Idolium diabolicum, 18 Labia minor, 2 Labidura riparia, 2, 4, 75 Leptophyes punctatissima, 4, 12, 266, 301, 315 Leucophaea surinamensis, 3 Locusta viridissima, 4, 19, 301, 316 Mantis religiosa, 3 Meconema varium, 4, 12, 301 Mecostethus grossus, 4 Melanoplus femurrubrum, 256 Nemobius fasciatus, 225 ; sylvestris, 4 Nyctibora holosericea, 3 ffidipoda Cffirulescens, 4 Pachytylus danicus (cinerascens), 4 ; migratorius, 4 Phaneroptera falcata, 4 ; privata, 4 Phyllodromia germanica, 3, 129, 160 Platycleis spp., 364 ; bicolor, 4 ; brachy- ptera, 4, 11; grisea, 4, 315, 316; roeselii, 4 XIV INDEX. Psophus stridulus, 4 Ehyparobia maderse, 3, 307 Schistocerca peregiina, 4 Stenobothrus bicolor, 4, 301, 355; bi- ^uttulus, 4 ; dorsatus, 4 ; elegans, 4 ; lelus, 4 ; rutipes, 4 ; stigmaticus, 4 ; vagans, 4 ; viridulus, 4 Tettigonia, 262 Tettix bipunctatus, 4 : subulatus, 4, 316 Thamnotrizon cinereus, 4, 92, 315, 316 hsemorrhoidalis, 4 ; lineatus, 4 ; paral- Xiphidium dorsale, 4, 11, 158, 301 EHYNCHOTA. Acanonicus, 240 Acanthaspis, 241 Acanthia, 148, 262, 263 ; saltatorius, 264 ; zosteras, 264 Acanthie, 265 Acanthoceius, 264 ; sanctus, 240 Acanthosoma, 265 ; dentatum, 10 ; hffi- morrhoidale, 265 ; inteistinctum, 10 Achilus flammeus, 264 Acocephalus striatus, 118 Aciilla adipata, 242 >etrM»i striolatum, g, immature (fig. 4). [Apart from the fact that the wings are practically without saffron coloration, Harris speaking about the insect as if it were common points it out as S. striolatum.] Kingston-on-Thames. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. The Range in Britain of Epichnopteryx pulla, Sterrhoptekyx HIRSUTELLA, AcANTHOPSYCHE OPACELLA, AND PaCHYTHELIA VILLOSELLA. I find it quite impossible to obtain satisfactory evidence of the range of these species in Britain, more particularly of E. ptdla. It is recorded from Kent, Somerset and Cambridgeshire, and is exceedingly abundant in some years in Kent and Essex (in one or two localities). Yet there are whole counties — southern, midland and eastern — for which no record exists. It must exist fairly abundantly in Surrey, Sussex, Suffolk, Bucks, Berks, Norfolk, Herts, Middlesex, one would suspect, yet there are either only single records traceable or none at all for these counties. Will those lepidopterists who have captured any of these species, or who possess local lists in which they are mentioned, please be kind enough to send me the records ? I shall be extremely grateful. I need hardly add that I want the localities for insertion in the second volume of ' British Lepidoptera ' now in press. — J. W. Tutt; Westcombe Hill, S.E., Jan. 16th, 1900. District Lists of Lepidoptera. — A useful addition to the local lists of British Lepidoptera is ' The Butterflies and Moths of Malvern,' by Messrs. W. Edwards and R. F. Towndrow. The species included in this list are only those that have been actually found within a six- mile radius of Malvern. Rhopalocera show a total of forty-seven species, among which we note Aporia cratagi (1858), Piens daplidice NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 43 (inserted doubtfully), Limenitis sibylla (1861), Apatura iris (1864-66), Folyommatus {Lyccena) acis (1885). None of these butterflies have been observed in the district since the years quoted, but Mr. Edwards states that he found a brood of the larvae of A. cratcegi, feeding upon hawthorn, in 1876. The Sphingina number twenty-four species ; Bombycina, about seventy species ; Noctuina, upwards of one hundred and eighty species ; Geometrina, over one hundred and sixty species ; Pyralidina, forty-seven species. The " Micro-Lepidoptera " appear to have received but little attention, as only fifty-one species of Tortri- cina are mentioned, and the Tineina are omitted altogether. In the ' Transactions ' of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists' Club, vol. i. pt. 2, pp. 55-64) is a hst, drawn up by Mr. J. W, Boult, of the Macro-Lepidoptera collected within eight miles of Hull. The compiler has only included species obtained by himself or other members of the Club during the past twenty-five years. Two hundred species are catalogued, and of these twenty-five are butterflies. Retarded Emergence of Sphinx ligustri. — I took some full-grown larvas of S. ligustri, which soon entered the pupa state, in September, 1898. All these, except one, attained the perfect state in the following June. The imago from the remaining pupa did not emerge until Aug. 22th, 1899. Is not this rather unusual ? The conditions in which the pupae were kept favoured a much earlier appearance of the moths. — (Rev.) W. J. Leigh Phillips ; The Cottage, Parkwood Road, Tavistock, Jan. 11th. Unusual Pairing of Satyrus semele. — This year I captured a fine female of S. semele with, two males "in coitu." This struck me as worth recording. — (Rev.) W. J. Leigh Phillips. New African Dragonflies.— Dr. F. Karsch (' Entomologische Nach- richten,' No. 24, December, 1899) gives a lengthy account of a new genus, Atoconeura, of African dragonflies, and of eleven new species : — Trithemis pruinata, T. furva, Atoconeura biordinata, Orthetrum polli- nosum, jEscIma dolobrata, Notogomphus stuhlmanni, Libellago consueta, L, trifaria, Pseudagrion gerstackeri, Agriocnemis inversa, and Lestes uncifer. — W. J. Lucas. New Work on British Odonata. — The publication of ' British Dragonflies ' (L. Upcott Gill) at the commencement of the year affords an opportunity for those who secure a copy to thoroughly digest the contents before the active season begins. The study of our native dragonflies has probably been neglected by collectors because of diffi- culty in the way of readily determining the species. With the aid, however, of the clear descriptions and admirable figures given in this book by the author and artist (Mr. W. J. Lucas), the correct identifi- cation of captures becomes a comparatively easy matter. Setting Relaxed Insects. — Relative to the above (Entom. xxxii. 307), I mentioned I had been using (unsuccessfully) cement, which I bought of Messrs. Watkins and Doncaster. I think, in justice to that firm, I should state that the cement was not sold to me for the purpose for which I used it, and that in other respects I have found it an excellent cement. — Arthur H. Rydon ; Awbrook, Lindfield, Sussex Jan. 3rd, 1900. 44 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. Macro-Lepidoptera of the Galashiels District in 1899. — The entomological year of 1899 has now almost drawn to a close, and it has not been without its surprises as well as its disappointments. The chief features of the season in this district may be summed up as follows : — 1st, the abso- lute failure of sallowing in spring ; 2nd, the extraordinary abundance of Macroglossa stellatarum in June; 3rd, the great attractiveness of sugar to the summer noctuids in June and the first half of July ; 4th, the exceeding commonness of Vanessa atalanta in August and September ; 5th, the unusual paucity of noctuids at sugar from the middle of July up to date. The first captures of the season were made on Feb. 19th. when I took Hyhernia progemmaria and H. leucophcBaria at rest on a paling. On the 22nd, searching a whitethorn hedge in the evening produced a quantity of H. rupicapraria males, but no females were found. Cucullia verbasci began to emerge in my breeding-cage on Feb. 27th, and continued to do so until March 12th. My breeding-cage was kept in a room in which there wa8 always a fire burning, and the pupae were damped in open weather only during the winter. March 12th was a bright sunny day, and I ventured to go in search of the hybernated larvae of Bombyx rubi, which I thought might be enticed from their winter quarters by the warmth of the sun ; in this I was not disappointed, and had the satisfaction. of picking up eight larvae, six of which subsequently proved to have been ichneumoned ; the other two pupated suc- cessfully after having wandered about in my breeding-cage for more than a fortnight. A few cocoons of Arctia fuUginosa were picked up from amongst the heather. On March 13th, searching the undergrowth on the outskirts of a wood with a lantern, about 8 p.m., was productive of Larentia multistrigaria males in any quantity ; females much scarcer. From March 28th to April 4th Acronycta menyanthidis emerged in my breeding-cage, all fine perfect specimens. Sallowing was tried for the first time on March 30th, and several times afterwards up to April 29th, but proved quite a failure. The only species obtained were one each of the following: — Cidaria niiata, Calocampa exo- leta, TcBniocampa gothica, T. rubricosa, T. instabilis, and T. crada. On April Ist I obtained the larvae of Thera variata by beating Scotch fir ; these did well in confinement, and the imagines emerged about the beginning of June. Towards the end of the month the imagines of Cidaria suffumata and var. piceata, also C. silaceata, were netted at dusk. Larvae collecting was also indulged in about this time after dark, and the following species were bred from them in June and July : — Boarmia repandata, Noctua tnangulum, N. brunnea, N. baia, Triphmia fimbria (few this year), T. ianthina, T. orbona. One lovely specimen of T. subsequa emerged about the beginning of July, and a correspondent to whom I sent some pupae of T. orbona told me that he had bred a specimen of subsequa from amongst them. On May 13th Anarta myrtilli, Phytometra miea, Eupithecia nanata, Fidonia atomaria were taken. One night during the end of the month I sugared the posts of a wire fence crossing a moor, and captured about sixteen specimens of a moth which I took to be small examples of the grey var. of gemina. It was the only visitor to sugar that night. I was rather pleasantly surprised the other day when I was told by an undoubted authority that my gemina were Mamestra furva. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 46 On May 2l8t an excursion to the habitat of Orgyia fasceUna resulted in the finding of only three larvae, which, along with a cocoon of Arctiafaligi- nosa and a single specimen of EucUdia mi, made up the bag for the day. In June things began to look more lively, and this was certainlv my busiest month of the year. I frequently had as many as two hundred specimens on my blocks at one time. About the beginning of the month the imagines of Them variata were very plentiful dancing round the tops of young pines at dusk. I succeeded in getting a very variable series of this species. Other species taken at the same time were Sele7ila illunaria, Odontopera bidentata, Cabera pusaria, Fklonia piniaria, Larentia pectini- taria, Eupithecia lariciata, Melcmthia ocellata, Melanippe rivata, M. sub- tristata,M. montanata, Rumiacrat