Any eemeaiine Mal AY tea anoint Sees) SMV Irs 4 nat Ss tea? Pi aL ey? we “ Wy piyel Cri} itt at ashi. oe fh) Hen ce tivatan ae nits “ he eu ty by BT th AD weet Vea hes Mable ky AS Migs (hah el fy Ray aera part wi east Biauiin: ANERAT, PNYOMO 1 ey hs . = eee re -— eww, ee SS CU . > D ¥ ‘ ee ie “_—_ ps ? rae et ' bat Big? » ie a WRAL . 4 3 a) ; - ‘> wt » ——- _ oe a Fs — os: == 7 e 2+ +; a _ we "ae bere. wv G4), Riri vrwst : vet -~ < ~¥ . at .< 7 -_ ~ . - iar has VER al TaN Fk” y iy THE ENTOMOLOGIST An Illustrated Journal OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. Bo KIRBY, BAS:;) EBS: W. LUCAS DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. | G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &c. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. ‘‘By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.” VOLUME THE THIRTY-SEVENTH. LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., LiiTep. 1904, PUBLISHERS ? LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Axsport, L. R., 265 Apxrin, B. W., F.E.S., 286 ANDERSON, JOSEPH, 286 Awnsaupo, B., 242 AnsorcE, E, C., 85, 117, 241 ARKLE, J., 17, 26, 44, 74, 142 Baxer, W. E. N. 242 Barraup, Purr J., F.E.S., 21, 283 Barrett, J. P., 263, 267, 287 Bartiry, A. U., 321 Beaumont, Aurrep, F.E.S., 323 Betuamy, F, G., 143 Beuu-Martey, H. W,, F.E.S., 116 Boeur, W. A., F.E.S., 168, 287 Bracken, C. W., 188 Branpe, T. Gristock, 264 Brooks, W., 266 Brown, Henry H., 240, 266 Browne, C. Srymour, 186, 204 Butter, W. E., F.E.S., 214 Cameron, P., 31, 109, 161, 208, 259, 306 | Campion, F. W, & H., 20, 252, 300 CuHapman, T. A., M.D., F.E.S., &c., 68, 314 Cuartrres, 8S. A., 242 CrarkeE, LIonEL, 189 Cuaxton, Rev. W., 167, 214 Cockayne, E. A., 141, 149, 249 CocxrrEtL, Prof. T. D. A., 5, 179, 231 Coney, G. B., 127 Conqurst, G. Haroup, 145 Corsin, G. B., 189 CorpEer, Paun, 268 Cox, G. Lissant, 327 Crauuan, G. J., 244 Crewr, Hue Harpur, 189 Crort, J. A., 84, 215 Dats, C. W., F.E.S., 85 Dannatt, Waurter, F.E.S., 173, 240 Detves, Wm., 266 Distant, W. L., F.E.S., 258, 277 Dosrér, EK. Awpry, 265 Dosson, H. T., F.E.S., 102 Doncaster, Leonarp, 285 Doveuas, James, 43, 46, 296 Druitt, A., 286, 288 Dunster, L. E., 323 FiLercuer, Tuomas Barinsricce, R.N., F.E.S., 1438, 273, 285, 315 Fountatne, Miss Marcarer, F.E.S., 79, 105, 135, 157, 184 Fronawk, F. W., M.B.O.U., F.E.S., 245, 262, 265, 267, 268 Garrarr, RicHarp, 323 Gipns, A. E., 147 Goss, Hersert, F.L.S., F.E.S., 49 Goutton, E. C., 324 GrimsHaw, Percy H., F.E.S., 284 GurRNEY, GERARD H., 325 Happen, N. G., 266 Harvety-JELLIE, B., 268 Harwoop, P., 26 Heatu, E. A., M.D., F.L.S., 101 Hin, Jonn, 265 Hopson, Lawrence, 8., 119, 243 . Hueains, H., Jun., 288 Hypr, Joun V., 44 Jackson, R. A., 266 Jacopy, Marrin, F.E.S., 63, 197, 268, 293 Kayr, Wiii1am Jamzs, F.E.S., 194 Kirsy, W. F., F.L.8., F.E.S., 85, 117, 196 = Kirxatpy, G. W., F.E.S., 10, 40, 61, 72, 98, 138, 142, 160, 174, 226, 230, 254, 279, 299, 303 Laruy, Percy I., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 71 Leicu, G. F., F.E.S., 84, 118 LeieH, Haroxp S., 266 Lirruer, Frank M., F.E.S., M.A.O.U., IAS Lows, Rev. F. E., M.A., F.E.S., 272 Lucas, W. J., B.A., F.E.S., 29, 84, 85, 113, 118, 196, 214, 220, 240, 243, 284, 321 Lyur, G. F., 262, 267, 268 McNaveut, H. A., 243 McRag, W., 243, 268 Marnew, Paymaster-in-Chief Grervasn F. F.L.S., F.E.S., &c., 241, 242, 322 MraprE-Waxpo, G., F.E.S., 69, 301 Meyrick, E., B.A., F.Z.S8., F.E.S8., 284 Moossr-Rosinson, Lesuiz H., 18 Morean, E. D., 265, 322 OupakER, F. A., 23, 47, 290 Parry, F. A., 214, 267 Pearce, W. S., 287 Purrrs, M. M., 286 Pickarp-CAMBRIDGE, O., 189 Puum, H. V., 188 Pootr, Huserr F., 190 Porritt, Gro. T., F.L.S., F.E.S., 239, 251 Priske, R. A. R., 214, 240 Prout, Louis B., F.E.S., 115, 116, 151 Quai, AmBrosE, F.E.S., 93, 269 Ranveuy, G. J., 265, 268 RanpdELL, R., 289 Raynor, Rev. Girpertr H., 141 Ru Diu R47 Ricuarps, Percy, 263 Riuery, L. A., 190, 266 1V LIST OF Roruscurip, The Honourable NaTHANIEL CuarteEs, M.A., F.L.S., &e., 1 Rowtanp-Browny, H., F.E.S., 17, 49, 113, 122, 146, 169, 192, 221, 222, 284, 291, 322, 329 Russeut, G. M., B.Se., 17, 126, 263 SaBINE, E., 283, 285 Suarpe, Miss Eminy Mary, 131, 181, 202 SHELLEY, THomas J., 44, 242 SHEPHERD, T. H., 44, 115, 118 Suwayters, J. Ep., 188 Stcu, Aurrep, F.E.S., 108 Simmonps, Husperr W., 244 Smautz, F. A., 263 Sopp, E. J. B., F.E.S., F.R.Met.S., 28, 895790; 1475 Lil, 218,33 Sourn, Ricuarp, F.E.S., 15, 16, 17, 44, 118, 115, 118, 124, 172, 196, 220, 240, 242, 244, 264, 287, 288, 320, 321 Stanpen, R. S., F.L.S., F.E.S., 263 SrantEy, D. Dewar, 215 STONELL, B., 44, 45 Tarpat, Rev. J. E., 44 Tarrant, H. P., 323 CONTRIBUTORS. TreEnp, J. B., 18 THEOBALD, FRED. V., M.A., 13, 36, 77, Pe 63) 21236 Tuompson, A. B., 286 THORNEWILL, Cuas. E., 214 Tomutn, J. R. we B., 147, 171, 218, 331 Trend, T. B., 323 TurRNER, H., 268 Turner, Hy. J., F.E.S., 27, 88, 123, 147, 170, 216, 292, 330 Verity, Roger, F.Fr.E.S., F.1t.E.S., 53, 142 VERRALL, G. H., F.E.S., 166 Watnweicut, CoLsran J., F.E.S., 91, 123, 192 Waker, S. L. & J., 19, 286 WEDDELL, B., 286, 288 WERNER, W. H., 265 WIGELSworTH, R. J., 28, 92, 124, 172, 219, 292 Wiutiams, J. W., 167 WHEELER, GEoRGE, 117 Wooppriner, Francis E., 9 Youne, S. L. Orrorp, 241 PLATES. I., I1.—New Siphonaptera from Egypt . IlI.—Dragonflies IV.—SomeForms of Lepidopters iSpalocsra found i in Disease V.—Cosside : VI.—Nyssia lapponaria VII.—1. Chlorippe godmani, sp.n. 3. Delius hempeli sp. n. VIII.—Group: Fellows of the nlanolosionl Soaialy of Feaaee at Oxford IX.—Tubercles of enidanternce Haired ILLUSTRATIONS IN Some Aberrations of Common Moths. Celorrhina cornuta, sp.u., and C. immaculata, sp. n. Aberrations of Hpinephele tithonus Variations of Nyssia lapponaria 2. Monethe johnstoni, sp. n. ; THE TEXT. INDEX. GENERAL. Aberration of Argynnis paphia, 142 Aberrations of Dragonflies, 285; of Epinephele tithonus, 125; of Euro- pean Butterflies, 116, 142 Abundance of Catocala nupta, 268 A ‘* Butterfly Summer ”’ in Asia Minor, 79, 105, 135, 157, 184 Acherontia atropos at Reading, 214; in Kent, 287 Acidalia degeneraria partly double- brooded, 43 A Fortnight in Mid Northumberland, 74 Agrion hastulatum, AJschna juncea, and 7B. isosceles, 85 A Hint to Collectors of Parasitic Hy- menoptera, 142 A List of the Coccide of the Hawaiian Islands, 226 Alleged Occurrences of Papilio podalirius at Marlborough, 284 A New Form of Gnophela, 213 An interesting form of Chesias spartiata, Aplecta nebulosa var. robsoni, 263 Aporia cratwegi ab., 262 Argynnis euphrosyne var., 283 ‘Assembling ”’ in Bombyx quercus, 320 ; in Ennychia cingulata, 263 Autumnal Lepidoptera in Surrey, 18 A Week on the Norfolk Broads, 325 Bees from San Miguel County, New Mexico, Some, 5 Bibliographical and Nomenclatorial Notes on the Hemiptera, 254, 279 British Diptera wanted, 165 British Orthoptera, 240 British specimens of Hydrotea wanted, 284 Butterflies in Honolulu, 15; in North of France, 324; of Culliford Tree, Dor- set, 167; of France, 113 Buitertly hunting in the South Tyrol, 222 Callidium violaceum at Esher, 241 Captures at Sugar at Chichester, 286 Carabus nitens in Isle of Man, 85 Chesias spartiata var. capriata, 60 Cheerocampa celerio at Saxmundham, 44; nerii at Eastbourne, 242 Chrysophanus phlceas var. schmidtii at Erith, 285 Cirrheedia xerampelina at Bromley, 286 Cleora glabraria, &c., in Dorsetshire, 286 Clostera reclusa at Reading, 214 Clytus arcuatus, L., in North London, 167 Coincidence of Pyrameis cardui and Plusia gamma, 16 Coleoptera reared from decayed wood, 323 Colias edusa in Cambridgeshire, 241; in Cornwall, 190, 266, 285; in Devon- shire, 266, 285; in Dorsetshire, 243 ; in Essex, 241, 267: in Hampshire, 243, 267, 285; in Hertfordshire, 243; in Kent, 267, 285 ; in November, 323; in S. Wales, 267; in Sussex, 268 Colias edusa var. helice in Devon, 266 Colias hyale in Kent, 267; in Devon, 266 Collecting in Devon, Torquay, & Neigh- bourhood, 1903, 18; in the New Forest, 242, 289; in Normandy, Notes on a Month’s Collecting, 301 Cross-pairing of Zygzena trifolii and Z. filipendule, 15 Current Notes, 10, 40, 72, 98, 138, 160, 303 Culicide from the Federated Malay States, New, 12, 36, 77, 111, 163, 211, 236 Cychrus rostratus in Surrey, 215 Deilephila livornica, 168, 188 ; at Bourne- mouth, 243; in Hampshire, 287; in Kent, 214, 265, 267; in 8. Wales, 265 Deilephila livornica and Plusia moneta in Wales, 214 Deronectes latus in the New Forest, 241 Description of a New Species of Cyrestis, 71; of a variety of the larva of Calo- campa vetusta, 321 Descriptions of a New Genus and some New Species of East Indian Hymeno- ptera, 306; New Lepidoptera from Equatorial Africa, 181, 202; of Some New Species of Chlainyde trom South America, 197; of Some New Species v1 of Mastostethus, 63; of Some New Species of Phytophagous Coleoptera, 293; of the ege of Coleophora murini- pennella, 68; of Three New Butter- flies, 173; of Two New Species of Cetonid Beetles from British East Africa, 101; of Two New Species of | Aculeate Hymenoptera from Japan, 34 Dipterous Parasite attacking Silkworms, 84 Dragonflies in 1902 and 1903, 29, 84; of | Epping Forest in 1904, 300 Early appearance of Cidaria picata, 26 Earwig attacked by Acari, 213 Ennomos autumnaria at Fareham, 44 Ennychia cingulata ‘‘ assembling,”’ 263 Entomology in the Hawaiian Islands, On the Present Condition of, 299 INDEX. Limenitis camilla ab., 240 Literature on Belgian Forest Insects, Recent, 230 Lycena #gon var. corsica in Norway, 263 Lycwena icarus var. melanotoxa, 115 Lygris (Cidaria) reticulata in Westmore- land, 268 Melitwa didyma ab., 17 | Migratory Flight of Crenis boisduvaii, Wall., 116 Morimus funereus in England, 117 | National Collection of British Lepido- ptera, The, 17, 85, 213, 321 | Neuroptera from Cheshire, 117 | New Culicide# from the Federated Malay Hpinephele ida var. albomarginata, Fal- — lou, 113; jurtina ab. anommata (Verity), 283 HKrebia glacialis var. nicholli, Ob., 284 Kucosma branderiana in Surrey, 242 EKurygaster maurus (Hemiptera), 214 Field Work in 1903, 21 Genitalia of Lepidoptera, 170 Geometra vernaria, 17 Gryllus campestris, 85 Gynandrous example of Cyaniris argi- olus, 85; of Lycena (Polyommatus) gegon, 263 Hadena atriplicis and Dicycla oo in Huntingdonshire, 214 Heliothis peltigera at Bognor, 268; at Deal, 287 Hemerophila abruptaria in January, 44 Hertfordshire Lepidoptera and Coleo- ptera, 139 Hybrid Smerinthus, 86 Hymenoptera from Japan, 34 Hyria auroraria and Melitza artemis on Wimbledon Common, 45 Lampides telicanus (for L. tilicanus), 284 Laphygma exigua at Chester, 44; near Tunbridge Wells, 286 Larva of Apatura iris on poplar, 84 Larve feeding on Castanea vulgaris, 268; from Honeysuckle, 323; of Arctia caia swarming in the Scilly Islands, 262 Late appearance of Ourapteryx sambu- cata, 288 Lepidoptera at Christchurch, Hants, 287; at Light during 1903 in the Dorking district, 46; in Jersey, 1903, 127; in N. Dorset, 1903, 45 ; of Malta, 273, 315 Leucania albipuncta in Devon, 265 Leucophasia sinapis ab., 118 Life-history of Lycena argiades, 245 States, 12, 36, 77, 111, 163, 211, 236 New Forms and New Localities of some European Butterflies, 53 New Records of Bees, 231 | New Rhynchota-Cryptocerata, 258 | Note on a Sawfly from New Zealand, 84; on Halias prasinana, 188; on the Dragonfly Aischna cyanea, 239; on the Hybernation of Gonepteryx rhamni, 141; on the Orthopterous Genus Cap- nobotes, 179; on Zeuzera eucalypti, 114 | Notes from the New Forest, 268; from New Zealand, 246; from the North- west, 23; from Westcliff-on-Sea and District, 143 ; on a Month’s collecting in Normandy, 301 Notes on a Collection of Butterflies and Moths made in Touraine, 69; on Cos- sid, 93 ; on Some Lepidoptera reared during 1903, 20; on Sphingide in Wales, 288; on the Genus Metro- coris, 61; on the Ova and Early Stage of the Larva of Acidalia emu- taria, 108; on Variation in Malaco- soma (Bombyx) neustria, 43 Norfolk Broads, A Week on the, 325 Nothochrysa capitata (Neuroptera), 85, 214, 239 Nymphs of Cordulegaster annulatus, 113 OBITUARY :— Kelsall, Thomas, 52 McLachlan, Robert, 172, 196 Odonata, &c., in the Norfolk Broads, 251 Olethreutes branderiana in Surrey, 242 On a dark form of Ischnura elegans, 252 On a series of aberrations of Epinephele tithonus, 125 On New Species of Butterflies from Equatorial Africa, 131 On Nyssia lapponaria, 149 On Some New Genera and Species of Hymenoptera, 109, 161, 208, 259 On the Tubercles of Thorax and Abdo- men in First Larval Stage of Lepido- ptera, 269 INDEX. vil Orobena (Evergestis) straminalis in Sur- rey, 287, 324 Orthotznia branderiana, in Surrey, 242 Papilio (Iphiclides) podalirius as a British Insect, 264 Pararge achine on the Mendel, 272, 322 Peronea hastiana from Surrey and the Lancashire Coast, 320 Phytophagous Coleoptera, 63 Plusia moneta in Essex, 214; at Read- ing, 214; in Worcestershire, 243 Polia chi var. olivacea, 263 Polyommatus (Lycena) argiades in So- mersetshire, 47 Preliminary List of the Lepidoptera ‘of Malta, 273, 315 Probable effect of Last Season on the occurrence of Insects, 142 Pyrameis cardui at Dovercourt, 241 Recent Books on Coccide, or Scale Insects, 117 Recent LiteRATuRE :— The Moth Book, by W. J. Holland, 50 Aquatic Insects in New York State, 51 Ichneumonologia Claude Morley, 51 British Tyroglyphidee, by Albert D. Michael, 92 , Who’s Who? and Who’s Who Year Book, 92 Catalogue of British Coleoptera, by T. Hudson Beare and H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe, 148 New Zealand Neuroptera, by G. V. Hudson, 148 Highth Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Minnesota for 1903, by F. L. Washburn, 148 Index Faun Nove Zealandi, edited by Captain F. W. Hutton, 148 A List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera, by G. T. Porritt, 172 Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 172 ~ British Lepidoptera, by J. W. Tutt, vol. iv. 193 Britannica, by Eleanor Ormerod, LL.D., Economic | Entomologist, Autobiography and Correspondence, edited by Robert Wallace, 219 The Honey Bee, by T. W. Cowan, 220 Trans.City Lond. Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soe. for the year 1903, 220 TheLepidoptera of the British Islands, by C. G. Barrett, vol. ix. 220 rer of Insects, by A. E. Shipley, Handbook of the Natural History of Cambridgeshire, by J. E. Marr and A. E. Shipley, 332 Report of the Superintendent of the Government Laboratories in the Philippine Islands for 1903, 332 Annual Report and Transactions of the Manchester Microscopical So- ciety for 1903, 332 (See also Current Notes, pp. 10, 40, 72, 98, 138, 160, 303) Saturnia carpini on Lythrum salicaria, 240 Shipley’s Arrangement of the Orders of Insects, 138 Siphonaptera from Egypt, New Species Ole! Sirex gigas in the Isle of Man, 44; in Wiltshire, 18 Sirex juvencus in Selkirkshire, 287 Smerinthus populi in August, 323 SocrETIEs :— Birmingham Entomological, 90, 123, 192 Entomological of London, 48, 120, 145, 169, 190, 290, 327 Lancashire and Cheshire Entomolo- gical, 27, 88, 123, 147, 170, 217, 330 Manchester Entomological, 27, 1, 171, 218, 292 South London Entomological and Nat. History, 26, 85, 122, 146, 169, 215, 291, 329 The Entomological Club, 124, 219 Some Recent Phases of Variation in the Larentiide, 151 Some New Oahuan (Hawaiian) Hemi- ptera, 174 Some Noteworthy Occurrences in 1904, 264 Some Tasmanian Case-bearing Lepi- doptera, 310 ‘“* Sounds produced by Insects,’’ 171 Sphinx convolvuli at Cardiff, 44; at Chichester, 286 ; at Dovercourt, 241; at Walmer, 266; in Berkshire, 265 ; in Derbyshire, 265; in Devonshire, 265, 286; in Essex, 265; in Hamp- shire, 244, 265, 288; in Kent, 286; in Lancashire, 265 ; in London, 244 ; in Moray, 266; in Norfolk, 242; in Selkirkshire, 286; in Surrey, 266, 286; in Wales, 265, 323; in York- shire, 266 Spiders exhibited, 170 Spring Dragonflies from the South of France, 283 Stauropus fagi in Northamptonshire, 268 Supplementary List of the Lepidoptera of the Island of Capri, 186, 204 Tasmanian Case-bearing Lepidoptera, Some, 310 Thecla w-album in Glamorganshire, 242 vill INDEX. The Dragonflies of Epping Forest in Colias edusa, 87; electra, 121 1903, 19; in 1904, 300 Cyaniris argiolus, 85 The Generic name Syntomis, Ochs, A Cymatophora duplaris, 330 Synonym, 116 Epinephele tithonus, 125, 263 The Tubercles of Saturnia carpini, 262 Epunda lichenea, 86 The Variation of Epinephele tithonus, Gonepteryx rhamni. 240 263 Grapta c-album, 158 Three Weeks in the New Forest, 1903, Hemerophila abruptaria, 87 118 Hypena rostralis, 122 Trichoptilus paludum in Surrey, 287 Ligdia adustata, 86 Twelve Months’ Work among the Dra- Limenitis camilla, 240; sibylla, 87 gonflies of Surrey and Hampshire, Lycena «gon, 263; bellargus, 17; 102 icarus, 157; trochilus, 137 Two Questions of Generic Homonymy, Mamestra brassice, 146 115 Melanargia galatea, 330; hertha, 184 | Melanthia ocellata, 86 ““Undescribed Rhynchota,”’ 277 Melita didyma, 17; trivia, 184 Unusual find of Sphingid Larve, 118 Nemeophila russula, 87 Urticating effects of larval hairs, 114 Nyssia lapponaria, 249 Ocneria dispar, 86 Vanessa antiopa in Kent, 268; in the Pieris brassice, 327; rape, 86 Isle of Wight, 323 Polygonia c-album, 87 Variation of Teniocampa gracilis, 141 Polyommatus «gon, 331 Variations of Nyssia lapponaria, 249 | Sagara senegalensis, 169 VARIETIES : -— Teniocampa gracilis, 141; munda, Abraxas grossulariata, 86, 122 86; stabilis, 27 Amphipyra pyramidea, 87 Thestor nogellii, 136 Anthrocera filipendulz, 87 Zygiena minos, 331 Aporia crategi, 262 Visit of the Entomological Society and Arctia caia, 86, 290 Entomological Club to Oxford, 221 Argynnis aglaia, 86; paphia, 142 Vitality of Blaps mortisago, Linn., 240 Bombyx trifolii, 169 Bryophila muralis, 86 Winter treatment of Pups, 166 Bupalus piniaria, 146 Callimorpha dominula, 146 Xylophasia zollikoferi, Frey., in Britain, Chrysophanus eleus, 137; phloeas, 285 16 Cleora glabraria, 86 INSTRUCTIONS to BINDER.—The SPECIAL INDEX, given with the ‘Entomologist’ for January, 1905, belongs to this Volume, and should be placed next to this General Index. SPECIAL INDEX. New Genera and Species are marked with an asterisk. COLEOPTERA. Abdera fuscum, quadrifasciata, 290 Acanthocerus, 48 Acidota crenata, 120 Aimona hirta, simplicollis, 244 Amara spinipes, 28 Anchomenus parumpunctatus, 48 Anisotoma dubia, 331; furva, 28 Anthonomus grandis, 303 Anthophagus alpinus, 120 Aphanisticus emarginatus, 28 Apion sanguineum, 48, 120; sorbi, 48 Apoderus coryli, 291 Arpedium brachypterum, 120 Asphyra punctata, 216 Aulonium sulcatum, 290 Bagous glabrirostris, lutosus, 328 Bembidium sexatile, 28 Blaps mortisaga, 240 Bledius femoralis, taurus, 291 Callidium alni, 216; violaceum, 241 Cantharis vesicatoria, 89 Cetonia aurata, 87 Chetocnema confusa, hortensis, sub- cerulea, 330 Chlamys adspersata, 201; balyi, 293; centromaculata,* 201; constricti- pennis,* 202; donckieri, 198; fulvi- mana,* 200; hireina, 198; knochi, 200; minax, 198; reticulata, 197; semibrunnea,* 198; semicristata,* 293 ; seminigra,* 198; surinamensis,* 200; trimaculata,* 197 Chrysomela ceralis, 120 ; sanguinolenta, 28 Cicindela tuberculata, 244 Cis bilamellus, 327 Cistela ater, 323 Clytus arcuatus, 167 Ccelorrhina cornuta,* 101 Corynetes rufipes, 26 Cryptocephalus coryli, sexpunctatus, 124 Cryphalus abietis, 323 Cryptolemus montrouzieri, 226 Cryptogonus orbicularis, 226 Cryptophagus acutangulus, 147 Cychrus rostratus, 215 Dendrooctonus micans, 231 Dermestes lardarius, 87 Deronectes latus, 241 Donacia dentipes, 291; discolor, 28; sericea, simplex, thalassina, vulgaris, 291 Dorcadion Almarzense, neilense, 121 Dryophilus anoboides, 323 Dyschirus politus, 291 Dytiscus circumflexus, 215; marginalis, 171 Elater elongatulus, lythropterus, po- mone, sanguinolentus, 171 Eudicella immaculata,* 102; 102 Galerucella calmariensis, 291 Glenea pulchella, 121 Gynandrophthalma affinis, 28, 122 Halyzia ocellata, 216, 330 Heplaulacus villosus, 124 Homalium testaceum, 48 Hydroporus bilineatus, 28 Hylobius abietis, piceus, pinastri, 221 Lemophlceus ater, 323 Lamprina aurata, 329 Lasiorhynchus barbicornis, 244 Lathridius bergrothi, 28 Leiopus nebulosus, 28 Leistus montanus, 28 Liparus germanus, 292 Lucanus cervus, 87; elaphus, 42 Luperodes lateralis, 296 Macrodontia cervicornis, 147 Mastostethus abdominalis, 66; alter- nans, 65; argentinensis,* 65; auran- tiacus, 63; balyi,* 66; ephippiger, 67; erichsoni,* 64; femoratus,* 64; funereus,* 63; lacordairei,* 65; nigri- collis,* 66; nigrovarians,* 63; quadri- plagiatus,* 67; 5-maculatus, 66; tibialis, 65; trifasciatus, 65 Melecus paradoxus, 28 smithi, Melanotus rufipes, 28 Meloé brevicollis, 124 Monhotina rufum, salomonensis,* 295 Monohammus sutor, 147 Morimus funereus, 117 Mycetophagus multipunctatus, 221 | Myelophilus minor, piniperda, aa ] ll INDEX. Nacerdes melanura, 99 Nebria gyllenhali, 28 Neuraphes carinatus, 291 Nitocris nigricornis, 190 Novius koebeli, 226 Ocypus olens, 216 Odontria xanthosticta, 244 Omalium pygmeum, 323 Orochares angustata, 169 Orchestes iota, 292 Orsodacna cerasi, 216 Osphya bipunctata, 124 Otiorrhynchus blandus, maurus, 28; sulcatus, 291 Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata, 292 Platynaspis nigra, 229 Polydrusus confusus, 291; sericeus, 291 Prionus coriarius, 292 Psalidognathus friendi, 219 Pselaphus dresdensis, 169 Pterostichus vitreus, 28 Ptinus tectus, 120, 147 Quedius longicornis, 120 Rhizotrogus, 291 Rhodolia, 226 Rhynchites equatus, 291 Sagra humeralis,* 294; senegalensis, 169 Scirtes hemisphericus, 291 Sticholotis punctatus, 226 Silpha atrata, reticulata, 124; subrotun- data, 28 Sitones griseus, 27 Sphenophorus parvulus, 98 Sphodrus leucopthalmus, 28 Strangalia quadrifasciata,. 292 Telephorus testaceus, 292 Tetropium fuscum, 290 Trichosternus antarcticus, 244 Tropiphorus obtusus, 121; tomentosus, 48, 121 Tychius polylineatus, 169 Vedalia cardinalis, 226 Xyleborus dispar, 48, 122 peteli, 295; DIPTERA. Acromyia, 99 Anopheles cortalis, funestus, 218 Anthrax paniscus, 166 Antipalus varipes, 166 Asilus varipes, 166 Beris fuscipes, 165; geniculata, 165 Bibio marci, 75, 76 Bicellaria, 99 Callicera nea, yerburyi, 290 Catageiomyia, 78 Cecidomyia destructor, 11, 148 Ceratitis capitata, 11 Ceratophyllus henleyi,* 3 Chelifera, 99 Chrysops sepuleralis, 166 Corethra obscuripes, 190 Cyrtoma, 99 Danielsia,* 78; alboteniata,* 111 Didea alneti, 328 Dioctria flavipes, 166; linearis, 166 Ephydra, 100; riparia, 73 Hretmapodites, 211 Hristalis crytarum, 328 Eutolmus rufibarbis, 166 Glossinia morsitans, 217 Hematopota italica, 166 Heleodromia, 99 Helophilus pendulus, 329 Huleoceeteomyia trilineata,* 163 Hyperechia xylocopiformis, 191 Leicesteria,* 77, 211; longipalpis,* 211 Leptis annulata, 166; conspicua, 165; strigosa, 166 Leptopa filiformis, 48 Lophoscelomyia asiatica,* 12 Lucina fasciata, 48 Macleaya, 77, 78 Macleayia, 211 Macrostomus, 99 Mantipeza, 99 Miltogramma punctata, 90 Mochlonyx velutinus, 191 Myzomyia albirostris, 12 Nemotelus brevirostris, 165; notatus, 165 Neoitamus colthurnatus, 190; socius, 166 Odontomyia ornata, tigrina, viridula, 165 Oncodes pallipes, 166 Orthopodomyia,* 236; albipes,* 237 Oxycera dives, falleni, 165 Pachygaster minutissima, 165 Pelidnoptera nigripennis, 48 Phora formicarum, 145 Platyphora lubbocki, 328 Psilocephala ardea, 166 Pulex mycerini,* 1; pyramidis,* 3; ra- mesis,* 2 Rhamphomyia, 99 Sargus flavipes, nebeculosus, 165 Scenopinus glabrifrons, 166 Sciodromia, 99 Scuiomyia albolineata,* 77 Sericomyia borealis, 329 Spania nigra, 166 Stegomyia nivea, 12, 113; scutellaris, 78 Stenopteryx hirundinis, 329 Stratiomys furcata, riparia, 165 Symphoromyia melna, 166 Syneches, 99 Syrphus ribesii, vitripennis, 165 Tabanus glaucopis, 166 Thyreophora fuscata, 48 Toxorhynchites leicesteri,* 36; metal- licus,* 36 Xylomyia varia, 165 Xylophagus cinctus, 166 INDEX. ill HEMIPTERA. Abricta, 282 Acanonicus, 282 Acanthidium, 280 Acanthidiellum, 280 Acanthocephala, 282 Acantholybas, 282 Acantischium, 281 Acotropis, 281 Astalion, 282 AMtius, 280 Alchisme, 279 Aleyrodes, 282; citri, 41 ; vaporariorum, 11 Algol, 279 Aloha ipomcee,* 177 Althos, 280 Amfortas, 280 Amorphococcus, 257 Anagnia, 279 Ancylopus, 282 Aneurus levis, 292 Anomus, 279 Antillocoris, 280 Anubis, 280 Aonidia aonidum, lauri, 258 Apayphe, 282 Aphidioides, 281 Aphioides, 281 Aphis sambuci, 256; ulmi, 255 Aradus, 281 Argante, 279 Arytema, 282 Ascra, 281 Aspidiotus cydonia, hedere, 228; perni- ciosus, 11, 228; persearum, rapax, 228 Assamia, 279 Asterolecanium, 258; pustulans, 227 Atelias, 280 Anlacaspis pentagonia, rose, 229 Axona, 28 Baracus, 280 Bardistus, 280 Bergia, 279 Bergias, 279 Bergthora, 279 Berta, 280 Bertsa, 280 Blissus leucopterus, 98, 148 Boéthoos, 279 Botocudo, 280 Brachybasis, 280 Brachyscelis duplex, 190 Brachystele Brontostoma, 280 Brysocrypta, 281 Burma, 280 Calceolaris minor, 257 Callipappus, 257 Calocoris canus, 179 Calymmata, 256; acuminatum, hes- peridum, longulum, 228 Campylosteira, 283 Campylostisa, 283 Cardiastethus fasciventris, 26 Carthea, 279 Cephalotenes, 282 Cephalotonus, 282 Ceratocombus coleoptratus, 329 Ceratoleptus, 281 Cercometus fumosus,* 278 Ceroplastes ceriferus, flavidensis, rubens, 228 Chetococcus bambuse, kermicus, 227 Chauliops rutherfordi,* 277 Chermes, 255 Chrysocorys, 256 Chrysomphalus aurantii, 228 Cibyra, 280 Cicada tibicen, 87 Cicadetta, 282; montana, 292 Cimex, 281 Cletus, 281 Clinocoris, 282 Clonia, 280 Coccus aceris, 257; cacti, 89, 255, 256 ; mexicanus, 255; perforatum, 257; sylvestris, 257 Colgorma, 279 Cona, 279 Conorrhinus megistus, 329 Corizus capitatus, 292 Coryxidea, 282 Cryptoporus, 280 Cyarda, 279 Cybus, 282 Cylindrostethus, 256 Cyllocoris, 281 Dactylopius coceus, 255; tomentosus, 257 Dakulosphaira, 281 Dalcera, 280 Damellera, 280 Damelia, 280 Darthula, 282 Daunus, 279 Davila, 280 Delphacodes mulsanti, 177 Delphax maidis, 176 Deltocephalus hospes,* 177 Dersagrena, 280 Diwretus, 282 Diaphorina, 281 Diaspis boisduvalii, bromelix, 229, 230 Dicranoneura, 282 Dicranotropis maidis, 176 Dikraneura, 282 Dilasia decolor, denigrata, 179 Dimorphella, 281 Dioclophara, 279 Dolichisme, 280 iv INDEX. Drosicha, 256 Drosycha, 256 Dryaphis, 279 Dryobius, 279 Dryopeia, 279 Dysepicritus, 281 Elachisme, 280 Elasmatostethus, 282 Hlatiptus, 282 Elathea, 280 Embolimus, 282 Embolophora, 281 -Enearsia, 257 Endeis, 279 Hnicocephalus braunsii, 160 Erga, 281 Eriococcus araucarie, 226 Eteocles, 280 Eteoneus, 279 Eucalymnatus perforatum, tesellatum, 228 Euhadrocerus, 281 Eulecanium curtisi, 257; mori, 228 Kupododus, 280 Eurus, 281 Euryaspis, 283 Hurysaspis, 281, 282 Kurysthethus, 281 Eutettix perkinsi,* 175, 178 Kysarcoris, 281 Fiorinia arece, 258; fiorinie, 229, 258 Florichisme, 279 Gallipappus, 257 Gastrinia, 280 Gelastogonia, 279 Gelastophantia, 280 Gelastophara, 279 Gelastyra, 280 Glechossa, 280 Glossopelta dudgeoni,* 277 Gonionotus, 281 Grimgera, 280 Gueriniellus, 280 Heckelia, 280 Halticus chrysolepis, 175, 179 Hamadryaphis, 279 » Harma, 282 Handhirschiella, 283 Henicocephalus braunsii, 160; pugna- torius,* 278 Hesperophanta, 279 Heterotoma, 282 Homotoma ficus, 256 Hoplobates, 282 Howardia biclavis, 229 Hyadaphis, 279 Hygyops, 283 Hypselotropis, 279 Ilburnia, 282 Tlerda, 280 Imbrius, 280 Isachisme, 280 Ischnaspis longirostris, 229 Issus auroreus, 99 Ithamar hawaiiensis, 175 Kalania, 280 Kareol, 279 Kessleria, 279 Kronides, 279 Lachnus ulmi, 255 Lamus, 280 Liaveia, 256 Lecanopsis rhizophila, 257 Lelia, 281 Lepidosaphes beckii, 229 ; cockerelliana, 257; crotonis, gloverii, pallida, pinne- formis, 229 Leptophara, 279 Leptostyla, 280 Leucaspis, 257 Leucodiaspis signoreti, 257 Lilia delecta, 179 Lioderma, 280 Liodermion, 280 Lissocapsus wasmanni, 160 Livia, 282 Loewia, 282 Lucilla, 279 Macrocephalus, 281, 283 Macrocoris flavicollis, 258; transyaal- ensis,* 258 Macrothyreus, 280 Mecenas, 280 Major, 257 Margus, 280 Marichisme, 280 Megamelus leahi,* 176 Megoura, 282 Melampsalta, 283 Melanocoris, 280, 281 Melanostoma, 280 Menuthias, 280 Mesocerus, 282 Mestor, 280 Metriorrhynchomiris, 280 Metriorrhynchus, 280 Metrocoris compar, distanti, 61, 62; histrio, hturatus, 61; stali, 61, 62 Metrosideros ohia, 257 Microleptes, 280 Micromasoria, 279 Microphyllia, 280 Microphysa elegantula, 26 Microsiphum corallorhiza, 10 Mindarus, 280 Monanthia, 281; dumetorum, humuli, 292 Monophleba, 257 Montandoneus, 280 Morganella maskalli, 228 Myrmecocoris, 282 Myrmedonobia, 281 Mysolis, 279 — Mytilaspis, 258; albus, 257 Nabis lusciosus, 179; subrufus, 179 Nanichisme, 280 Neoblissus parasitaster, 160 Nesiotes, 280 INDEX. Norsia, 279 Notonecta trivittata, 41 Oliarus leporinus, 292 Ophistoscelis, 257 Opuna hawaiiensis, 175 Orthostira parvula, 329 Pachygroutha, 283 Panaphis, 279 Paramecus, 280 Parlatoria pergandii, 229, proteus, 229, 257; zizyphus, 229, 257 Parmula, 279 Paulia, 279 Pelocoris femorata, 72 Pendulinus, 282 Peniscomus, 281, 282 Peregrinator, 280 Peregrinus* maidis, 175 Peribalus vernalis, 146 Phacusa, 279 Phenacaspis eugenie, 229 Phidippus, 280 Phillontocheila, 281 Phleophthiridium, 282 Phyllochisme, 280, 281 Phyllontocheila, 283 Phylloxera, 282 Physatochila, 280 Physatocheila, 281, 282 Picromerus bidens, 292 Piestodorus, 282 Piestosthus, 282 Pineus, 282 Piosomus, 282 Plagiognathus pulicarius, saltitans, 291 Plagiostylus, 282 Platycoris, 280 Plegmatoptera, 282 Pododus, 280 Peecilocytus vulneratus, 291 Peecilostola, 279 Pollinia, 258 Polychisme, 280 Poronotellus, 280 Poronotus, 280 Prionochilus, 281 Probergrothius, 280 Proutista, 279 Psammocoris, 281 Pseudareopus lethierryi, 177 Pseudococcus, 258 Psylla, 255 Psyllopsis, 282 Ptychodes, 279 Pulvinaria, 258; mammea, psidii, 227 Pycnos, 282 Pydna, 280 Pygeus, 280 Pyranthe, 279 Ragnar, 280 Reduyius personatus, 305 Reuterista, 280 Rhaphidogaster, 282 Rhinortha, 279 Rhizaphis, 282 Rhizobium, 257 Rhizophthiridium, 282 Sacchiphantes, 282 Saissetia hemisphericum, nigrum, olez, 228 Salacia, 280 Schizonotus, 280 Selenocephalus cincticeps, 41 Semiotoscelis, 283 Siphocoryne xylostei, 279 Southia, 279 Sronachlachar, 283 Stephanitis, 281 Stethotomus, 282 Stictocoris, 280 Stictonotus, 280 Stictosynechia, 282 Stroggylocephalus, 282 Sundarion, 279 Systolonotus, 282 Targionia, 258 Telesnemia, 282 Temora, 279 Tetigonia viridis, 256 Tetraneura ulmi, 255 Tetrisia, 280 Tettigoniella, 256 Texas, 280 Thalsia, 283 Thanatophara, 280 Thanatophantia, 279 Thaumastopsaltria, 283 Thrasymedes, 279 Thurselinus greeni, 259 Tingis, 280; cardui, 281 Tongorma, 283 Trachyops, 280 Trechocorys adonidum, longispinus, 258 Trichochermes, 280 Trichocorys albizzie#, bromellix, calceo- larie, citri, filamentosus, nipw, 227 Trichopsylla, 280 Triphleps niger, 160; persequens, 179 Triquetra, 279 Tropidocheila, 282 Tropidochila, 281 Tropidocoris, 282 Tropidostethus, 281 Tyyphlocyba comes, 40 Westermannia, 280 Wollastoniella, 282 Xosias, 280 Xosophara, 279 Xosophsaltria, 280 Xylocoris, 282 Zaitha fluminea, 87 Zanchisme, 280 vl INDEX. HYMENOPTERA. Andrena birtwelli, 233; fuscipes, 90; inoa,* 210; mellea, 6; marie, 233; phedra, 210; pilipes, 90; prunorum, 6, 2335; salicinella, 233 Anthidium porter, 7 Anthophora euops, 234 Arpactus lucinetus, 90 Bembex fossoria, 262; megadonta,* 261; pinguis, 262 Bombus iridis, 8; juxtus, 234; sonorus, 8, 234 Centris atripes, bicolorella, foxi, smithii, 235 Chalicodoma muraria, 73 Ceelioxys acuminata, 91 Ceelochalcis,* 110; carinifrons, 110 Ccelojoppa,* 162; cariniscutis,* 208 Colletes, 120; gilensis, fodiens, 6 Crabro agycus,* 261; cetratus, 91; tri- chiosomus,* 260 Cremastogaster ranavolonis, 160 Dialictus, 235 Dianthidium parvum, 8; sticticum, 234 Dielis testaceipes,* 34 Emphoropsis salviarum, 234 Hriocampa adumbrata, 85 Euconnus maklini, 48 Eumenes coarctatus, punctata, 35 Gorytes tumidus, 90 Greeleyella,* 235; beardsleyi,* 236 Halictus celamatisellus, 6; himalayen- sis,* 210; ovaliceps, 6; ruidosensis, 290; micado,* Haliphera flavomaculata,* 306; fusci- tarsis, maculipes, 307 Lasius flavus, 160; niger, 145 Lisitheria nigricornis,* 306 Megachile cleomis, 8; emoryi,* 7; lati- manus, 7, 8; maritima, 7; monard- arum, 7; montana, 8; obliqua, 8; pallidicincta, 8; sapellonis, 7; sayi, 8; spheralcee, 8; vidua, 7; willugh- biella, 7; wootoni, 7 Melecta interrupta, 77 Monomorium salomonis, 327 Monostegia antipoda, 85 Murgantia histrionica, 10 Myrmicaria fodiens, 327 Nomada fragilis, 233; guttulata, 48 Nomia, 8 Odynerus camicrus,* 259; rhipheus,* 308 ; tytides,* 309 Oncochaleis* 151 ; ginata,* 162 Oxeea, 8 Oxycoryhpus,* 109; pilosellus,* 110 Paltothyrus tarsatus, 191 Panurginus perlevis, 236 Perdita affinis, 6; chrysophila, stottleri, townsendi, 6 Polistes gallicus, 290 Pompilus cinctellus, rufipes, 90 Prosopis basimacula,* 209 ; 233 Proteraner leptanthi,* ranunculi, 232 ; rhois,* 233 Rhoptromyrmex transversinodes, 160 Sirex gigas, 44; juvencus, 44, 288 Solenopsis gemmata, 160, 327 Sphecodes arroyanus,* 231; arvensis, 5, 6, 232; metathoracicus, pecosensis, * 5; sophiw,* 232; veganus, 5 Sphecodes, 327 Spilojoppa,* 208 ; fulvipes,* 209 Spinoliella meliloti, 234 Stelis pheoptera, 90 Stigmus niger, 303 Stomatocerus, 109 Synhalonia californica, 235 Trypoxylon figulus, 90; intrudens, 303 Vespa austriaca, rufa, 40 Xylocopa fenestrata, 191; varipuncta, 234; violacea, 171 deese, 162, mar- mesille, LEPIDOPTERA. Abraxas adustata, 21; grossulariata, 71, 86, 122, 130, 302; sylvata, 218; ulmata, 218 Abrostola urticse, 252 Acherontia atropos, 19, 25, 76, 171, 214, 287 Achivus machaon, 318 Acidalia aversata, 130, 152, 206, 298; circellata, 24; contiguaria, 331; de- generaria, 43, 206; depravata, 206; dilutaria, 45; elongaria, 206; emu- taria, 108, 297; humiliata, 299; imitaria, 45, 47, 130, 287, 288; im- mutata, 252; incanaria, 130; infir- maria, 206; marginepunctata, 22; obsoletaria, 206; ochreata, 205; ornata, 22, 206, 302; politata, 206; promutata, 130; remutaria, 24, 45, 216; rubraria, 206; rubricata, 130, 131; scutulata, 130; spoliata, 206; Straminata, 24; trigeminata, 206; trilineata, 205 Acontia luctuosa, 19, 22, 47, 71, 88, 129, 140, 297, 302, 319 Acrea areca, 132; circeis, 181; egina, 48, 49, 132; harrisoni,* 132; melano- sticta,* 181; perenna, 48; pharsalus, 48 ; servona, 181; rahira, 121; zetis,48 INDEX. Acrobasis glaucella, 207 Acronycta aceris, 70, 286; albovenosa, 121; alni, 147, 289, 290; leporina, 26, 147, 252, 264; ligustri, 18, 292; mega- cephala, 128, 218, 298, 302; psi, 45, 128, 204, 268, 286, 302; rumicis, 19, 24, 70, 100, 128, 302; strigosa, 302; tridens, 70, 297; venosa, 171 Actinotia hyperici, 70 Adopea lineola, 226; thaumas, 22, 226 AXllopos hirundo, 118 Agdestes bennettii, 216 Aglais urtice, 315 Agriopis aprilina, 129 Agrius convolvuli, 194, 318, 329 Agyrophila trabealis, 71 Agrotis agathina, 18, 242, 243, 331; aquilina, 140; ashworthii, 25, 91, 171, 190, 292, 331; cinerea, 47, 215, 123, 298; c-nigrum, 70, 204; corticea, 19, 123, 128, 298; crassa, 204, 319; cursoria, 151; exclamationis, 70, 123, 128, 297,298; fimbria, 192; lucernea, 19, 331; lunigera, 19, 298; mar- garitosa, 204; nigricans, 49, 128; porphyrea, 18, 119, 128, 289; pronuba, 319; puta, 46, 70, 122, 319; ravida, 292; saucia, 19, 45, 46, 128, 144, 204, 319; segetum, 70, 128, 297, 319; spini, 145; strigula, 47; suffusa, 18, 45, 128, 144, 319; tritici, 128, 151; trux, 204, 319; ypsilon, 204, 319 Amata passalis, 116 Amorpha populi, 86 Ammoconia senex, 205 Ampelophaga rubiginosa, 305 Amphidasys betularia, 24, 26, 47, 130, 219, 268; doubledayaria, 24; stra- taria, 47 Amphipyra pyramidea, 46, 47, 70, 87, 128, 302; tragopogonis, 45, 128, 302, 326 ’ Amphisa gerningana, 75 Anaitis plagiata, 18, 47, 77, 130, 154, 206 Anarta myrtilli, 18, 24, 119, 243, 289 Andriasa mutata, 118 Anchocelis lunosa, 19, 47, 129, 144; pistacina, 47,129,144; rufina, 19, 47, 88, 129, 144 Angerona corylaria, 302; prunaria, 86, 119, 292, 302 Anisopteryx escularia, 47 Anosia archippus, 15; plexippus, 146 Antanartia amauroptera,* delius, schee- neia, 181 Anthocharis ausonia, 135; belemia, 329; belia, 135, 329; cardamines, 69, 135 ; glauce, 329 Anthrocera filipendulx, 26, 87; hippo- crepidis, 27; trifolii, 26 Anticlea badiatay18, 46, 47, 169; deri- vata, 130; rubidata, 19, 130, 144; sinuata, 28 vii Apamea basilinea, 45, 128; didyma, 71, Hdl, 3025, 3265 gemina, 19) 297% fibrosa, 326; leucostigma, 326; oculea, 71, 298, 302; ophiogramma, 151; secalis, 151; unanimis, 252 Apatura clytie, 100; ilia, 225; iris, 84, 140, 223, 225, 289, 324 Aphantopus hyperanthus, 22, 226, 324 Aphelia osseana, 75 Aphnezus orcas, 203; rattrayi,* 203 Aplecta advena, 331; herbida, 242; nebulosa, 25, 119, 263, 302, 323; prasina, 86; robsoni, 25, 263 Apopestes calaphanes, 205 Aporia crategi, 69, 135, 187, 262, 292, 325 Aporophyla australis, 128, 205; lune- burgensis, lutulenta, 47 Arctia caia, 46, 70, 86, 127, 192, 262, 290, 302, 327; fasciata, 122; fuli- ginosa, 18; plantaginis, 45; villica, 70, 127 Argynnis adippe, 22, 118, 144, 289; aglaia, 55, 86, 100, 168, 184, 223, 324; alba, 55; albescens, 55; amathusia, 223, 224; dia, 225; euphrosyne, 21, 123, 243, 283, 324; ino, 223; latonia, 55, 90, 184, 225, 324; levana, 100; napa, 225; niobe, 223, 224; pales, 223; pandora, 184; paphia, 70, 118, 123, 184, 286, 287, 289, 290, 298, 324; pelopia, 225; selene, 118, 324; thore, 88, 223, 224; valezina, 142, 168, 225, 286, 287, 289 Asphalia flavicornis, 26, 169 Aspilates citraria, 130, 131; ochrearia, 206; strigillaria, 24, 119, 243 Asteroscopus cassinea, 23; nubeculosa, 169; sphinx, 23 Asthena candidata, 18, 22, 47; luteata, 45; sylvata, 140 Augiades comma, 22, 226; sylvanus, 22, ‘ 226 Aventia flexula, 131, 215 Axylia putris, 19, 128, 298, 302 Bapta temerata, 21, 45, 130 Bedellia somnulentella, 123 Biston hirtaria, 169 ; strataria, 45, 46 Boarmia abietaria, 124; consortaria, 119, 130, 213, 242, 290; gemmaria, 302, 339; glabraria, 119; repandata, 47, 86, 119, 130, 323, 331; rhomboid- aria, 45, 71, 130, 323; roboraria, 47, 119, 289 Bombyx neustria, 43, 302; quercus, 24; rubi, 243, 289; trifolii, 169 Botys hyalinalis, 26 Brenthis amathusia, 329; euphrosyne, 87 Brephos notha, 215; parthenias, 170 Bryophila alge, 70; glandifera, 128, 266 ; muralis, 45, 86, 123, 299, 319; perla, 25, 45, 46, 70, 76, 86, 123, 218, 299, 319 Bupalus piniaria, 21, 119, 146 Vili Cabera exanthemata, 130; pusaria, 47, 119 Calamia phragmitidis, 326, 327 Caligula japonica, 124 Callicore, 87 Calligenia miniata, 289 Callimorpha dominula, hera, 19, 127, 266, 302 Callophrys rubi, 21 Calocampa exoleta, 319; vetusta, 18, 321 Calymnia affinis, 129,302; diffinis, 192; pyralina, 192, 302 ; trapezina, 71, 129, 286, 302 Camptogramma, bilineata, 22, 86, 130, 153, 155; fluviata, 287, 328; hibernica, 153; infuscata, 153; isolata, 153 Capua coffearia, 41 Caradrina alsines, 24, 128; ambigua, 71, 128, 302; blanda, 19; cubicularis, 25, 45, 75, 120; morpheus, 45, 46, 119, 128, 298; quadripunctata, 25, 75; taraxaci, 298 Carpocapsa pomonella, 207 Carsia paludata, 329 Carthsea saturnoides, 146 Castnia fonscolombei, 328 Catagramma astarte, hydaspes, 87 Catephia alchymista, 205 Catocala nupta, 18, 70, 87, 129, 268, 302 ; nymphagoga, 205; promissa, 119, 290; sponsa, 119, 289 Catoptria cecimaculana, scopoliana, 144 Celwna cytherea, matura, 70 Cephonodes hylas, 42, 118 Cerastis ligula, 19, 46, 129; spadicea, 19, 47; vaccinii, 129, 169 Cerigo cytherea, 128, 302; matura, 46, 302 Cerostoma nemorella, xylostella, 323 Cerura furcula, 25 Chareas graminis, 75, 326 Charaxes epijasius, harrisoni,* jason,133 Chariclea marginata, umbra, 144 Cheimatobia boreata, 25, 155; brumata, 23, 25, 130, 155; fasciata, 155 ; hyemata, 155 Cheimatophila tortricella, 207 Chelonia villica, 18 Chesias capriata, 60, 206; rufata, 60; spartiata, 47, 60, 206 Cheimabache fagella, 207 Chilo infuscatellus, 40; phragmitellus, 144, 252, 326, 327 Chlontha hyperici, 205 Chlorippe godmani,* 173, 290; selina, 174 18, 86, 146; Chloroclystis nigrosericeata, rectangu- lata, 152 Cheerocampa celerio, 27, 44; elpenor, 26, 70, 252; eson, 84,118; euphorbie, 318; lucasii, 42; nerii, 28, 242; por- cellus, 26, 70, 71, 77 Chrysocorys, 256 INDEX. Chrysophanns alciphron, 136; amphi- damus, 122; asabinus, 136; bolden- arum, 244; dispar, 56; dorilis, 58, 137, 225; eleusivot,, 137, LST mole enysii, 244; eurybia, 224; fulvior, 58; gordius, 136, 216; hippothoé, 224; melibeus, 136; nigrolineata, 57 ; ochimus, 82,108, 136; omphale, 136; phleeas, 48, 57, 86, 117, 137, 187, 225, 285, 317; radiata, 57; rutilus, 56, 136; salustius, 244; schmidti, 57, 117, 285 ; thersamon, 136; thetis, 107; upoleuca, 58; virgaurer, 136, 222, 225 Cidaria associata, 46, 75; corylata, 24, 130, 243; dotata, 47, 75, 302; fulvata, 22,47, 119, 302; immanata, 153, 156; insulicola, 153; miata, 19, 46; mu- ’ sauaria, 153; picata, 26, 28, 167; piceata 153; populata, 153; porrittiu, 156; prunata, 75, 302; psittacata, 130, 131; pyraliata, 75, 130; reticu- lata, 268; ribesiaria, 19, 75, 302; russata, 18, 74, 130, 289; suffumata, 22, 47, 130, 153, 156; testata, 46, 130, 289, 825; thingvallata, 156; truncata, 46, 47, 153, 248, 297, 323; unangu- lata, 28 Cilix glaucata, 22; spinula, 128 Cirrhcedia xerampelina, 18, 144, 286, 329 Clania lewinii, 310 Cleora glabraria, 86, 242, 286; lichen- aria, 218, 289, 330 Clisiocampa americana, 11 Clostera reclusa, 214 Ccenobia rufa, 327 Coenonympha arcania, 69, 272, 301, 326, 329; davus, 23, 76; leander, 186; lyllus, 316; marginata, 316; pam- philus, 69, 186, 187, 226, 316; roth- liebii, 87; satyron, 226; thyrsides, 316; typhon, 23, 76, 87 Coleophora albitarsella, 192, 215; alcyo- nipennella, 191, 215; badiipennella, 216; bicolorella, 192, 216; conyze, 170, 191; fuscedinella, 122; dis- cordella, 192; hemerobiella, 191, 215; ibipennella, 216; laricella, 191, 216, 8330; lineolia, 215, 216; lixella, 170, 191; murinipennella, 68 ; nigricella, 192, 216 ; ochrea, 192, 216; olivaceella, 215: pyrrhulipennella, 191, 215; soli- tariella, 215; troglodytella, 170, 191; vibicella, 291, 330; viminetella, 191, 216; virgaurex, 330 Colias aurorina, 83 ; cleopatra, 317, 318; cerulea, 54; edusa, 19, 22, 76,87, 116, 143, 169, 189, 225, 241, 266, 267, 268, 285, 286, 302, 317, 323, 325; electra, 121; helice, 54, 169, 225, 266, 317; helicina, 317; hyale, 22, 54, 69, 136, 225, 267, 268; libanotica, 83; minor, 54, 1438, 317; obsoleta, 317; phico- mone, 224, 225 ; rhamni, 317 Collix sparsata, 252 INDEX. Conchylis francillana, 144 Coremia algidata, 155; coarctata, 154; designata, 154; dissolutaria, 155; ferrugata, 10, 46, 47, 130, 154, 155; munitata, 155; propugnata, 130 ; quadrifasciata, 155; spadicearia, 154, 155; unidentaria, 130, 154, 243 Corycia taminata, 243; temerata, 18 Cosmia affinis, 286; trapezina, 242 Cossus ligniperda, 24, 48, 70, 127, 326 Crambus chrysounuchellus, 170; cul- mellus, 75; pinellus, 144; trabeatel- lus, 207; tristellus, 75 Crenis boisduvali, 116 Crocallis elinguaria, 45, 129, 323 Cryptoblabis bistriga, 331 Cucullia absinthii, 91; asteris, 91, 167; lactuce, 205; lychnitis, 91, 171; scrophularie, 70, 171; umbratica, 45, 70; verbasci, 129, 167, 171, 286 Culama expressa, 93 Cyaniris argiolus, 22, 85, 86, 122, 225 Cymatophora duplaris, 25, 46, 330; octogesima, 90, 302; ocularis, 128, 302 Cynthia crota, 124 Cyrestis gilolensis,* paulinus, 71 Dacala acuta, 114 Danais chrysippus, 146, 329 Daphnis nerii, 194 Dasycampa rubiginea, 28, 323 Dasycera sulphurella, 219 Dasychira pudibunda, 21, 45, 46, 127, 268, 289 Deilephila euphorbie, 188 ; galii, 51, 77; greutzenbergi, 188; livornica, 168, 188, 189, 214, 243, 265, 288 Deilinea pusaria, 71 Deiopeia pulchella, 189, 244 Delias hempeli,* 173, 290; candida, 173 Demas coryli, 19, 90, 215 Depressaria subpropinquella, 207 Diacrisia mendica, 70 Dianthecia albimacula, 192, 330; cesia, 192; capsincola, 129; carpo- phaga, 19, 47, 204; compta, 192; conspersa, 19, 87, 129, 330; cucubali, 252; ficklini, 327; filigramma, 204; irregularis, 192; luteago, 204, 327, 330; nana, 87 Diatra saccharalis, 11; striatalis, 11, 40 Diasemia literata, 287 Dichrorampha politana, petiverella, 144 Dictyopteryx contaminana, 24 Dicycla oo, 214 Dilina tilie, 188 ’ Diloba cxruleocephala, 45, 46, 128, 275, 319 Dipterygia pinastri, 70, 119 Dodonidia helmsi, 121 Doritis apollinus, 79, 135 Dreata petola, 40 Drepana falculay 289; hamula, 128; lacertula, 289 Drurya antimachus, 48 ix Drymonia chaonia, 90 Dryobota protea, 205 Dysauxes famula, punctata, 207 Dysthymia luctuosa, 19 Ebulea stachydalis, 287 Ellopia fasciaria, 76, 119; prosapiaria, Elymnias borneensis, 122 Ematurga atomaria, 71, 130, 22 Emmelesia angustifasciata, 154; affini- tata, 19,46; albulata, 130; decolorata, 46, 130; teniata, 154 Emydia cribrum, 119, 243 Endromis versicolor, 20, 90, 167 Ennomos alniaria, 18, 46, 47, 129; autumnaria, 44, 49; erosaria, 129, 131; fuscantaria, 18, 45; quercinaria, 152; tiliaria, 46, 289 Ennychia cingulata, 263 Enodia hyperanthus, 215 Kpagoge hyerana, marginata, 328 Ephippiphora bimaculana, simulana, 24; trigeminana, 144 Ephyra omicronaria, 289; porata, 130, 206; punctaria, 130, 206; subpunc- taria, 206; trilinearia, 119 Epinephele albomarginata, 56, 113; anommata, 283, 328; hispulla, 316; hyperanthus, 76, 118, 324; ianira, 24, 28, 69, 86, 185, 275, 316, 328; ida, 56, 113; jurtina, 22, 73, 86, 100, 226, 275, 316, 328; lycaon, 185, 224, 226; semialba, subalba, 56; tithonus, 22, 24, 56,69, 114, 118, 122, 125, 226, 263, 324 Epione apiciaria, 25, 289, 326, 327 Epipyrops, 99; barberiana, 72; nawai, 304 Kpirrhoé alternata, 153, 154, 155; borealis, 153 ; degenerata, 155; galiata, 156; gothicata, hastata, 153; luctuata, lugubrata, 153; obscurata, 153; rivata, 155; sociata, 153; thulearia, 153 Kpunda lichenea, 18, 86, 129, 218, 323, 331; lutulenta, 144; nigra, 18, 19, 129 Erastria fasciana, 298; fuscula, 129, 242 Erebia sthiops, 55, 107, 184, 224; albo- vittata, 55; alecto, 226; cecilia, 223; cassiope, 28, 55, 142, 223; epiphron, 28, 223; etrusca, 54, 142; euryale, 117, 142, 223; evias, 192; glacialis, 224, 284; goante, gorge, 223; leuco- tenia, 56; ligea, 142, 223; lappona, 223; manto, 226; medon, 28; me- lampus, 226; melas, 224, 284; melu- sina, 184; mnestra, 223, 225 ; neoridas, 55, 142; nerine, 123; nicholli, 284; pronoe, 223, 225 ; stygne, 192; triopes, tyndarus, 223 Eremobia ochroleuca, 144 Eriopsela fractifasciana, 140 Eubolia bipunctaria, 22, 47, 71, 298; cervinaria, 18, 46, 47, 147; limitata, xX INDEX. 75; lineolata, 298; mensuraria, 75, 302; palumbaria, 24, 289, 298; plum- baria, 24, 46, 242, 243 Euchelia jacobex, 21, 28, 46, 70, 119, 127, 289 Euclidia glyphica, 21, 71, 77; mi, 21, 71, 77, 248 Euchloé cardamines, 21, turritis, 187 Euchloron megerea, 118 Eucosmia certata, 47, 156; undulata, 119, 143 Eucosma branderiana, 242 Eucrostes herbaria, 205 Eumorpha elpenor, 26 Euphedra christyi,* 183; paradoxa,* 132; rattrayi,* 182; zaddachi, 183; zampa, 182 Kupithecia absinthiata, 47, 289; albi- punctata, 152, 330; altenaria, 152; angelicata, 152; assimilata, 47; atraria, 152; campanulata, 152, 321; centaureata, 25; consignata, 17, 192, 321; constrictata, 321; coronata, 321; debiliata, 321; denotata, 152; exiguata, 47, 321; fraxinata, 321; fumosex, 152; helveticaria, 321; in- signata, 192, 321; irriguata, 321; iso- grammaria, 144; jasioneata, 321; munitata, 321; nanata, 321; nubi- lata, 152; oblongata, 47, 130; plum- beolata, 144; promutata, 47; pusil- lata, 321; rectangulata, 47, 321; satyrata, 21, 321; subciliata, 321; subfulvata, 18, 47, 130; subfuscata, 152; sobrinata, 321; succenturiata, 144; trisignaria, 321; venosata, 87, 152, 321; vulgata, 47 Eupecilia angustana, 144 Euplexia lucipara, 19, 45, 119, 129, 242, 297, 302 Euploca, 122 Euproctis chrysorrhea, 231 ; 40 187, 215; minor, Eurymene dolobraria, 129, 216, 243 Eurymus croceus, 143, 285, 317; edusa, 317 Kutelia adultrix, 205 Euthemonia russula, 18, 70 EKutricha quercifolia, 291 Euvanessa antiopa, 87 Euxoa, 122 Euzopherodes, 207 Everes argiades, 292 Evergestis straminalis, 287 Fidonia atomaria, 46, 119; piniaria, 18, 243 Galleria melanella, 287 Geometra papilionaria, 190, 302; ver- naria, 17, 144, 302 Gnophela clappiana, ruidosenis, 213 Gnophos asperaria, cymbalariata, 206; obscurata, 119, 220, 298; pityata, 206; variegata, 71, 206 Gnophria quadra, 302; rubricollis, 45, 119, 289 Gonepteryx cleopatra, 169, 240, 318, 329; farinosa, 136; rhamni, 21, 22, 69, 119, 141, 136, 169, 240, 289, 317, 329, 330 Gonodontis bidentata, 90, 220; nigra, 220 Gonophora derasa, 19 Gonoptera libatrix, 18, 25, 45, 289, 302, 326 Gortyna flavago, 128 Grammesia trigrammica, 46, 297; tri- linea, 19, 128, 242, 243 Grapholitha nigromaculana, 144; uli- cetana, 300 Grapta c-album, egea, 158 Habrostola tripartita, 45, 47, 302; tri- plasia, 24, 25, 45, 129, 302; urtics, 71, 129, 252, 302 Hadena atriplicis, 91, 214; chenopodii, 129; contigua, 243; dentina, 47, 129, 297, 302; glauca, 147; leucostigma, 204; monoglypha, 123; oleracea, 45, 129, 302; pisi, 47, 129, 167, 218, 289; protea, 19, 144; secalis, 204; solieri, 319; thalassina, 19 Halia vauaria, 45, 47, 119 Halias prasinana, 188 Harma beckeri, marmorata,* 183 Hastula hyerana, 328 Hecatera serena, 70, 129 Hecatesia fenestrata, 121 Heliaca tenebrata, 45 Heliodes arbuti, 18 Heliothis armiger, 244, 303; peltigera, 268, 287 Heliophobus hispidus, 18, 19, 128 Hellula undalis, 207 Hemaris bombyliformis, 27; fuciformis, 289, 329, 330 Hemerophila abruptaria, 27, 41, 44, 45, 47, 87, 88, 130, 328; serraria, 187 Hemithea strigata, 302; thymaria, 119, 130 Heodes phleas, 86 Hepialus lupulinus, 46; hectus, 9; hethlandica, 26; humuli, 26, 45, 46, 87, 215; virescens, 244 Herculia glaucinalis, 207 Herminia cribralis, 144, 252 Hesperia alcex, 69 ; alcides, 83; alveus, 187, 224, 226; carthami, 224, 226; comma, 186 ; conjuncta, 40; fritillum, 226; hyrax, 186; linea, 118; malve, 21, 243; sao, 69, 226; sylvanus, 69, 118, 186; thaumas, 118, 186 Heteropterus morpheus, 222, 226 Heterosais sylphis, 120 Himera pennaria, 18, 23, 45, 47, 129, 242 Hipparchia semele, 87, 298 Hippotion celerio, 27 Homceosoma sinuella, 207 Hoporina croceago, 169 INDEX. xi Hybernia aurantiaria, 20, 23, 47; de- foliaria, 20, 23, 25, 47, 130, 242; leucophexaria, 18; marginaria, 47, 130, 169; progemmaria, 18; rupi- capraria, 18, 47, 88, 130, 146 Hydrelia unea, 252 Hydriomena fureata, 152; 86, 152 Hydrocampa stratiotalis, 252 Hydreecia micacea, 45, 46; nictitans, 289 Hyles euphorbix, 318 Hyloicus pinastri, 194 Hylophila bicolorana, 90, 206; prasi- nana, 127, 167, 206, 242, 268, 289 Hypena proboscidalis, 47; rostralis, 18, 122, 140 Hypolimnas misippus, 192 Hypolycrena buxtoni, hatita, ugande,* 203 sordidata, Hypsipetes elutata, 302,331; sordidata, 22, 75, 86, 152, 302, 331 Hypsotropa limbella, 207 Hyria auroraria, 45, 252 Hyrmina, 120 Idea ornata, rubiginata, 71 Todis lactearia, 130; vernaria, 71, 298 Iolaus albomaculatus,* 204; hemi- cyanus,* iasis, 203 Iphiclides podalirius, 264 Ithomia florula, zarepha, 120 Kallima rattrayi,* rumia, 182 Kedestas tucusa, 121 Lampides bellieri, 58; beticus, 15; telicanus, 58, 225, 284 Laphygma exigua, 44, 286 Larentia autumnalis, 123; cesiata, 74, 75, 152, 331; cupreata, 206; cupres- sata, 206; didymata, 74, 75, 76, 152; flavicinctata, 152; fluctuata, fluviata, 206; glaciata, 152; impluviata, 123; multistrigaria, 152; neapolisata, 206; nigra, 152; nubilata, 152; obscurata, 152; olivata, 19; pectinitaria, 119, 130, 243; truncata, 71; unifasciata, 206; viridata, 22 Lasiocampa quercus, 45, 70, 77, 119, 128, 302, 318, 320, 330; sicula, 318; trifolii, 128 Laspeyresia ulicetana, 300 Lauron partita, 120 Leucania albipuncta, 91, 128, 131, 205, 265; comma, 46, 297; conigera, 46, 290; cyperi, 205; favicolor, 85, 328; fuscilinea, 205; impura, 46, 302, 326; l-album, 128; lithargyria, 128, 302; littoralis, 326; pallens, 45, 46, 128, 215, 297, 302, 326; putrescens, 18, 19, 128,131, 205, 331; scirpi, 205; sicula, 205; turea, 119; vitellina, 128, 131 Leptidia diniensis, lathyri, 187; sinapis, 54, 187, 225 Leucoma salicis, 24, 122, 292 Leucophasia estiva, duponcheli, 136 ; sinapis, 69, 118, 136, 330 Libythea celtis, 158, 216, 272 Ligdia adustata, 46, 47, 86 Limenitis cardui, 289; camelina, 158, 225, 240; populi, 302; sibylla, 69, 87, 118, 225 298, 301, 324 Liparis auriflua, 127, 242; monacha, 119, 242; salicis, 122 Lithosia aureola, 289; caniola, 18, 19, 127, 131, 207; complanula, 18, 127; griseola, 327; lurideola, 302, 327; mesomella, 119, 144, 243 Lobophora carpinata, 24, 155; hyemata, 156; lobulata, 24; polycommata, 156; viretata, 47, 130 Lomaspilis marginata, 21, 47, 130 Lophopteryx carmelita, 46; camelina, 46, 128, 264, 268, 289 Lophostethus dumolinii, 118 Lozopera deaurana, 327 Luceria, 115 Luperina cespitis, 46; testacea, 19 45, 46, 128 Lycena acis, 69, 325; admetus, 83, 157; adonis, 22; s#gon, 24, 118, 137, 225, . 262, 289; agestis, 22; agraphomena, 59; alexis, 22,75; allous, 225; alsus, 22, 168, 297 ; amanda, 292; amandus, 272; anteros, 79, 157; antiochena, 79; argiades, 47, 69, 223, 246; ar- giolus, 69, 158, 289; arion, 69, 223; arcua, 115, 116; astrarche, 137, 157, 225, 316; baleanica, 137; baton, 137, 222, 225; bavius, 137; bellargus, 59, 115, 157, 168; bellis, 79, 158; beetica, 137; calida, 316; candalus, 157; carmon, 107, 157; celina, 316; cero- nus, 59; coretas, 223; corsica, 263 ; corydon, 22, 115, 157, 168, 191, 224; corydonius, 157; cyllarus, 69, 158, 187; damon, 59, 83, 222, 225; damone, 107; eros, 157; escheri, 59, 223; eurypilus, 137; helena, 79; hopfferi, 83, 107, 157; hylas, 69, 223; icarus, 58, 75, 115, 143, 157, 225, 316; iolas, 146, 158; iphigenia, 158; loewii, 107, 157; lugens, 187; melanotoxa, 68, 115, 116, 143, 316; meleager, 157, 223; menalcas, 83, 107, 157; minimus, 225; mithridates, 83, 157; optilete, 224; orion, 223, 284; ornata, 316; panagea, 137; pheretes, 223; posei- don, 83,157; ripartii, 83,157; rufina, 317; sebrus, 158; semiargus, 69, 79, 158, 225; steveni, 157; telicanus, 137; theophrastus, 137; zephyrus, 137 Lygris associata, 206 ; reticulata, 268 Lymantria dispar, 231 Macaria alternata, 119, 130, 287, 288; liturata, nigrofulvata, 25 Macroglossa fuciformis, 243; stella- tarum, 26, 45, 71, 77, 127, 267, 289, 318; trochilus, 118 Macrothylacia rubi, 119, 154, 289 Malacosoma neustria, 43, 45, 46, 231, 302 Xli INDEX. Mamestra abjecta, 144, 331; anceps, 19, 24, 292, 297, 331; brassice, 45, 46, 70, 128, 146, 302; capsincola, 70; furva, 140; geniste, 70; lithoxylea, 71; persicariw, 46, 70, 302; pisi, 123; sordida, 24, 45; trifolii, 319 Manduca atropos, 118, 194 Mania maura, 18, 70, 129, 302, 326; typica, 129, 302, 323, 326 Melanchra mutans, 271 Melanippe albicillata, 144; fluctuata, 9, 47, 130; galiata, 130, 131, 213; mon- tanata, 46, 243; procellata, 18, 46; rivata, 9, 46, 119, 144; sociata, 46; subtristata, 130; unangulata, 22 Melanargia galatea, 28, 69, 144, 184, 225, 298, 325, 330, 331; hertha, larissa, procida, 184 Melanthia albicillata, 119; bicolorata, 153; coarctata, 154; inquinata, 153; ocellata, 22, 86, 130, 154, 243 Melinia circellaris, 88; ocellaris, 87 Melitwa albina, 54; arduinna, 79, 184; artemis, 45; asteria, 225; athalia, 54, 69, 225; aurinia, 83, 87, 124, 159; cinxia, 100, 131, 159, 296; dia, 69; dictynna, 225; didyma, 17, 69, 184, 225; orientalis, 83; parthenie, 225; phebe, 54, 69, 184, 225; provincialis, 159; pyronia, 54 Metrocampa honoraria, 206 ; margari- taria, 47, 129, 218, 219, 243 Metura elongata, 312 Miana arcuosa, 24, 46; bicolor, 302; fasciuncula, 45, 46, 298; furuncula, 45, 297; strigilis 46, 128, 286, 297 Miselia oxyacanthe, 18, 45, 47, 129 Moma orion, 119, 268, 289 Monethe johnstoni,* 174 Morpho anaxibia, 170 Myeclophila cribrella, 140 Nenia typica, 218 Napeogenes, 120 Nemeobius lucina, 21, 69 Nemeophila russula, 87, 127 Nemophora metaxella, 252 Nemoria viridata, 18, 130, 243 Nephele accentifera, 118 Nephopteryx hostilis, 143 Neptis lucilla, 222 Nesarcha hybreadalis, 272 Neuria reticulata, 46 Nisoniades marloyi, tages, 186 Noctua baja, 215; brunnea, 25, 87; castanea, 331; c-nigrum, 18, 45, 47, 128, 144; ditrapezium, 302; festiva, 128, 297, 298, 322; glareosa, 19, 128, 140; neglecta, 18, 242, 243, 331; plecta, 45, 128, 248, 298, 302; rhom- boidea, 302; rubi, 45, 47, 128; stig- matica, 302; triangulum, 128, 297, 322; xanthographa, 47, 128, 243 Nola cristulalis, 127; cucullatella, 20, 24; strigula, 206, 242 Nonagria brevilinea, 326 ; geminipuncta, 124, typhx, 289 Notodonta camelina, 26, 119, 147, 243; chaonia, 289; dictwa, 25, 46, 128; dictwoides, 46, 128, 147; dodonea, 289; dromedarius, 26, 87, 147, 289, 291; trepida, 46; trimacula, 46; ziczac, 75, 128, 143, 289, 291 Nudaria mundana, 18; senex, 25 2 Numeria pulveraria, 27, 46 Nycteola falsalis, 206 Nymphidium lysimon, 27 Nyssia hispidaria, 20, 169; lapponaria, 149, 167, 216, 249; zonaria, 171 Ocneria dispar, 70, 86 Odonestis potatoria, 128, 302, 326, 327 Odontopera bidentata, 45, 46, 47, 91, 129, 218, 219, 331; nigra, 331 (Hiceticus ignobilis, omnivorus, 312 (Hnestis quadra, 302 Olethreutes branderiana, 242 Oncoptera intricata, 146 Ophiusa stolida, 27 Oporabia autumnaria, 27; bicinctata, 155; dilutata, 47, 130, 155; lati- fasciata, 155 Orgyia antiqua, 26, 216, 218, 292; pudi- bunda, 18, 243 Orobena straminalis, 287, 324 Orrhodia ligula, 18 Orthocraspeda trima, 73, 100 Ortholitha bipunctaria, 206 Orthosia csrulescens, 205; helvola, 205; litura, 18, 45; lota, 18, 46, 129; lu- nosa, 45; macilenta, 46, 47, 129; pallida, 244; pistacina, 18, 45, 205; rubreta, 205; rufina, 45, 205; serina, 205; upsilon, 129 Orthotenia branderiana, 242 Ourapteryx sambucata, 288 Oxylides faunus, feminina,* 202 Pachnobia rubricosa, 47, 169, 215 Pachyenemia hippocastanaria, 119, 206 Pachygastria iberica, 319; trifolii, 169, 319 Pachytelia villosella, 207 Pamphila comma, 169 Paraera petraria, 21, 24, 46, 47, 130 Panolis piniperda, 26 Papilio andremon, 170; cenea, 120,192; dardanus, 120; epius, 124; hippo- coon, 120, karna, 170; machaon, 69, 135, 225, 252, 318, 325; memnon, 292; neptunus, 170; podalirius, 69, 135, 223, 225, 264, 284; ridleyanus, 49; trophonius, 120; weiskei, 120; zan- cleus, 135 ; zidora, 49 Pararge achine, 223, 226, 272, 322; adrasta, 185; climene, 185; egeria, 21, 118, 185, 226, 289, 315; egerides, 69; mera, 69, 185, 187, 226; megera, 69, 185, 226, 289, 316; roxelana, 185 Parnassius apollo, 225 Pedaria pilosaria, 218 INDEX. Pelurga comitata, 47, 130 Pericallia syringaria, 119, 323 Peridroma saucia, 151 Perisama, 87 Perizoma albulata, 153; angustifasciata, 154; teniata, 154 ~ Peronea caledoniana, 24; cristana, 268 ; ferrugana, 24; hastiana, 320 Petasia cassinea, 128, 242 Phalera bucephala, 46, 128, 289 Phalacropterix apiformis, 207 Phasiane clathrata, 71 Phibalapteryx corticata, 206; lapidata, 215; lignata, 243, 252, ; testata, 19, 144; vitalbata, 47; vittata, 326, 327 Phigalia pedaria, 47, 129, 192, 242 Phlegathontius fulvinotata, 118 Phlogophora meticulosa, 18, 20, 45, 47, 70, 129, 144 Phorodesma bajularia, 216, 331; smarag- daria, 144, 329 Phragmatecina arundinis, 96 Phragmatobia fervyida, 207; fuliginosa, 207, 302 Phytometra «nea, 21, 45, 129 Pieris alba, 116; brassicw, 21, 22, 53, 59, 135, 190, 225, 231, 272, 317, 325, 327; callidice, 225; cheiranthi, 53; chlori- dice, 82,135; crategi, 225; daplidice, 54, 135, 187, 317; flavescens, 222, 225; mannii, 53 ; messanensis, 317; metra, 317; napi, 21, 22, 69, 75, 123, 135, 225; rape, 15, 21, 22, 53, 86, 135, 225, 272, 302, 317, 326, 329; raphani, rossli, 53 Plusia bractea, 77, 90; chrysitis, 25, 45, 71, 119, 129, 214, 302; festuce, 19, 71, 77, 252; gamma, 16, 22, 47, 71, 129, 214, 302; gutta, 71; iota, 25, 45, 77, 214, 218, 289, 302; moneta, 140, 214, 215, 243; pulchrina, 24, 77, 218; v-aureum, 302 Plutella cruciferarum, 24, 272 Peecilocampa populi, 23, 45 Polia canescens, 319; chi, 123, 219, 319; flavicincta, 19, 45, 129, 140; nigro- cincta, 319; olivacea, 218, 263; rufo- cincta, serpentina, 205; xanthomista, 319, 330 Polygonia c-album, 87, 225 Polyommatus #gon, 263, 331; alexis, 116; arcua, 116; argiades, 47; bel- largus, 330; bceticus, 316; corydon, 86; dorilis, 69; eros, 329; grayi, 118; hylas, 329; icarus, 86; phlcas, 22, 69 Pontia daplidice, 317 Porina despecta, 271; enysii, 244 Porthesia auriflua, 45, 242, 302; chry- sorrhea, 70, 127, 302; similis, 46 Prionoxystus robinie, 96 Procodeca adara, 40 Protambulyx ganascus, 328 Psalis securis, 40 Xili Pseudoterpna coronillaria, 205; cyti- saria, 119, 289; pruinata, 205 Psilura monacha, 123, 231, 289, 290 Pterostoma palpina, 46, 312 Ptilophora plumigera, 147 Pygera curtula, 87; pigra, reclusa, 143 Pyralis costalis, 18; glaucinalis, 24; obsoletalis, 207 Pyrausta aurata, 140; cespitalis, 207 Pyrameis atalanta, 15, 159, 274, 315; eardui, 15, 16, 159, 241, 267, 315; gonerilla, 160; itea, 160 Pyropsyche moncaunella, 121 Retinia buoliana, turionana, 231 Rhodia fugax, 124 Rhodocera rhamni, 317 Rhodophea consociella, tumidella, 144 Rhodostrophia vibicella, 71 Rhopalocampta benjamini, 191 Rumia crategata, 45, 129, 190; luteo- lata, 45, 47, 71, 302 Rusina tenebrosa, 19, 46, 128, 298 Sarrothripus revayana, 206, 268 ; undu- lanus, 268 Saturnia carpini, 77, 240, 262, 289, 302; pavonia, 215; pyri, 70 Satyrus amalthea, anthelea, arethusa, 185; bischoffii, 83, 185; circe, 184, 223; cordula, 223, 329; fatua, 185; geyeri, 107, 185; hermione, 69, 184, 222, 223; hyperanthus, 70; mera, 316; megera, 316; mersina, 184 mniszechii, 185; pelopea, 186; pirata, 184; semele, 24, 70, 118, 184, 226, 242, 289, 325; statilinus, 185 Schcenobius mucronellus, 252 Sciadion obscurata, 220 Sciropophaga intacta, 40 Scodiona belgiaria, 243 Scoparia angustea, 207; pallida, 144 Scopelosoma satellitia, 18, 19, 46, 129, 242 Scopula lutealis, 75 Scutosia dubitata, 19, 302 Selenia bilunaria, 47, 169, 302; illu- naria, 18,129, 215, 289; juliaria, 312 lunaria, 47 Selidosema plumaria, 130, 242, 289 Senta maritima, ulve, 144 Sesia asiliformis, 91; bembeciformis, 218; chrysidiformis, 207; formice- formis, ichneumoniformis, 81; scolia- formis, spheciformis, 81; stellatarum, 26, 318; tipuliformis, 91 Setina irrorella, 22, 297 Smerinthus ocellatus, 20,41, 45, 46, 265, 266; planus, 41; populi, 25, 45, 86, 127, 264, 292, 323; tiliw, 25 Sora, 115 Sphaleroptera ictericana, 144 Sphinx convolvuli, 19, 44, 76, 127, 131, 241, 242, 243, 265, 266, 267, 286, 288, 318, 323; ligustri, 70, 194; pinastri, 70 X1V Spilodes palealis, 144, 167 Spilosoma fuliginosa, 70, 87, 127, 302; lubricipeda, 46, 86, 123, 127, 243; mendica, 77, 127, 243; menthastri, 46, 127, 243; zatima, 86, 123 Spilothyrus alces, lavatere, 186 Spindasis nairobiensis,* victoria, 133 Stalachtis evelina, phedusa, 120 Stauropus alternus, 41; fagi, 90, 268, 289 Stenia punctalis, 207 Sterrha atrifasciaria, sacraria, 206 Stilbia anomala, 19, 128, 205; faille, 205 Strenia clathrata, 22, 47, 292, 298 Syntomis phegea, 116, 207 Syrichthus alveus, cirsii, malve, nomas, orbifer, phlomidis, 186; side, 186, 216 Treniocampa cruda, 18, 169; gothica, 18, 47, 129; gracilis, 18, 141; incerta, 47, 205; instabilis, 18, 129, 169; miniosa, 18, 21, 242; munda, 18, 47, 86, 169; opima, 91, 166, 171; popu- leti, 169; pulverulenta, 47, 205; rubricosa, 18; stabilis, 18, 27, 47, 129 Taleporia pseudobombycella, 170; tabu- losa, 170 Tanagra atrata, 46 Tapinostola elymi, 326; fulva, 327; helmanni, 140 Temmora marginata, murinata, 118 Tephroclystia abbreviata, phceniceata, pumilata, semigraphata, 206 Tephrosia biundularia, 24, 215; cine- taria, 215; consortaria, 20; crepuscu- laria, 18, 47 ; extersaria, 119, 242, 268, 290 Teracolus carteri, 134; evenina, 133; isaura, 133; xantholeuca,* 133 Thais cassandra, 135, 215, 216; cerisyi, 135; deyrollei, 135; polyxena, 135, 215, 216 Thaleropis ionia, 82, 159 Thalpochares estivalis, 319 ; candidana, 205 ; carthami, 319; ostrina, 205, 319; parva, 205; paula, 205; purpurina, 205 ; rubefacta, 205 Thanaos tages, 21, 226 Thecla acaciz, 56, 225; beccarii, 56; betula, 325; ilicis, 56, 69, 136, 225, 801; pruni, 90, 325, 3315; quercus, Hi18, 136; 289, 3253) subi; 23; 136; spini, 136, 225; w-album, 56, 90, 242 Theope endocia, foliorum, 27 Thera juniperata, 146; obliterata, 152; scotica, 153; variata, 47, 152 Theretra porcellus, 26 Thestor nogellii, 82, 136 Thyatira batis, 19, 70, 119, 128, 242, 289, 302; derasa, 45, 119, 289, 298, 302 Thysania agrippina, strix, 146 Timandra amata, 71; amataria, 22, 45, 71, 130, 252, 264 Tinea pellionella, 272 Tortrix fuscana, podana, 144 Toxocampa pastinum, 325 INDEX. | Trachea piniperda, 18 Trichiura crategi, 45 Trichoptilus paludum, 287 Trigonophora empyrea, 129, 131; flam- mea, 205 Triphena comes, 70, 121, 302, 323; curtisii, 121; fimbria, 18, 20, 70, 128, 147, 291; ianthina, 18, 47, 70, 128, 302; interjecta, 19; orbona, 128 pronuba, 20, 47, 70, 128, 151, 302, 319; subsequa, 218 | Triphosa dubitata, 18, 46 Troides meridionalis, 120 Urapteryx sambucaria, 24, 47, 77, 119, 129, 302 Valeria oleagina, 192 | Vanessa antiopa, 69, 76, 159, 223, 268, 323, 325; atalanta, 22, 23, 69, 92, 123, 141, 225, 289, 315; c-album, 92, 158; cardui, 92, 141, 225, 315; egea, 69, 158, 301; fervida, 158; gonerilla, 244; io, 22, 69, 87, 159, 225, 289, 326; itea, 244; polychloros, 22, 69, 92, 158, 225; turcica, 158; urtice, 21, 23, 69, 158, 225, 315; xanthomelas, 158 Venilia macularia, 45, 71, 129, 243 Venusia cambrica, 153, 155 Xanthia aurago, 19, 28, 144; cerago, 19, 144; circellaris, 45, 144; citrago, 18; ferruginea, 19, 129; fucata, 28; ful- vago, 144; gilvago, 18, 90; silago, 19, 129 Xanthorhoé albicans, 155; fluctuata, 153; immaculata, 155; montanata, 154; neapolisata, 153; thules, 153 | Xylina petrificata, 18, 19; socia, 46 Xylocampa areola, 87, 205; lithoriza, 18, 87 Xylophasia alopecurus, 46; hepatica, 19, 119, 297, 302, 331; lithoxylea, 45, 128, 297; monoglypha, 18, 25, 302, 326; polyodon, 25, 128, 297; rurea, 46,297; scolopacina, 218; sublustris, 297; zollikoferi, 16, 49 Xylopoda fabriciana, 21 Ypsipetes sordidata, 152 Zamarea flabellaria, 206 Zanclognatha grisealis, tarsipennalis, 47 Zegris menestho, 82, 135 Zephyrus quercus, 22 225; taxila, 42 Zeritis damerensis, felthami, melome,121 Zeuzera coffee, 73; eucalypti, 114, 272 ; pyrina, 95, 302 Zonosoma annulata, 45, 218; linearia, 22; obsoleta, 218; pendularia, 218; subroseata, 218 Zygena boisduvali, 187; calabrica, 187; filipendule, 15, 22, 26, 207 ; hippo- crepidis, 15; lonicere, 18; minos, 331; neapolitana, 187; ochsenheimeri, 207; oxytropis, 187; scabiose, 187 ; sorrentina, 187; steechadis, 207; trans- alpina, 187, 207; trifolii, 15, 26, 70 INDEX. XV NEUROPTERA. . Aischna cerulea, 32; cyanea, 19, 31, 103, 239, 301; grandis, 19, 32, 103, 8301; isosceles, 32, 85, 145, 251, 329; juncea, 31, 85; mixta, 31, 32, 84, 103, 301 Agrion armatum, 33, 251, 327; hastu- latum, 33, 85; mercuriale, 32, 33, 105; puella, 19, 30, 105, 284, 300; pulchellum, 33, 105, 251 Anabolia nervosa, 117 Anax imperator, 30, 31, 103, 301 Ascalaphus coccajus, longicornis, 330 Asynarchus cznosus, 117 Brachytron pratense, 103, 251, 283 Calopteryx splendens, 19, 32,104; virgo, 32, 104 Chrysopa flava, 117 Cordulia «nea, 29, 103 Cordulegaster annulatus, 31, 103, 113, 284 Enallagma cyathigerum, 20, 30, 105, 285, 300 Erotesis baltica, 251 Erythromma naias, 104, 251 Gomphus flavipes, 30; simillimus, 283 ; vulgatissimus, 103 Halesus radiatus, 117 Hemerobius subnebulosus, 117 Hemianax ephippiger, 29, 30 Ischnura aurantiaca, 33; elegans, 19, 33, 104, 251, 252, 283, 285, 300; pu- milio, 32, 33, 104, 254 Leptocerus aterrimus, senilis, 251 Lestes barbara, 32; dryas, 32, 33, 104; sponsa, 20, 104, 251, 301; virens, 32 ; viridis, 32, 33 Leucorrhinia dubia, 32; pectoralis, 30 Libellula depressa, 29, 103, 283, 301; fulva, 31, 32, 251; quadrimaculata, 29, 30, 103, 251 Limnophilus centralis, 117; griseus, 117; ignavus, 117; lunatus, 76, 117; luridus, rhombicus, sparsus, xan- thodes, 251 Lindenia forcipata, 30 Micropterna lateralis, 117 Mystacides longicornis, nigra, 251 Nemoptera huttii, 169 Nothochrysa capitata, 85, 214, 239; fulviceps, 239 Orthetrum cancellatum, 31, 32, 84, 329 Oxygastra curtisii, 31, 32 Phryganea grandis, 117, 251; striata, 117; varia, 251 Platycnemis pennipes, 33, 104 Plectrocnemia conspersa, 118 Pyrrhosoma nymphula, 19, 29, 30, 251, 283, 300; tenellum, 30, 33 Raphidia notata, 129 Somatochlora arctica, 32; metallica, 32 Stenophylax stellatus, 117 Sympetrum flaveolum, 30; fonscolombii, 34; sanguineum, 19, 30, 301; scoti- cum, 26, 30, 102, 284; striolatum, 19, 30, 102, 301 Sympycna fusca, 283 Termes ladeus, 100 Triewnodes bicolor, 251 ORTHOPTERA. Acridium egypticum, 144, 171; cris- tatum, 28, 171 Acrydium eruginosum, succinctum, 100 Amblycorypha oblongifolia, 12 Anisolabis colossa, 48 Apterygida albipennis, 290, 330, 331; arachidis, 331; media, 330 Blatta americana, 218, 231; australasia, 86, 147, 331; orientalis, 100 Capnobotes bruneri, 181; fuliginosus, imperfectus, occidentalis, viridis, 180 Deroplatys arida, 28 Dinarchus dasypus, 49 Epilampra caraibea, 90 Forficula auricularia, lesnei, 213 Gomphocerus maculatus, 330 ; 329, 330 rufus, Gongylus gongyloides, 87, 120 Gryllotalpa vulgaris, 171 Gryllus campestris, 85, 171, 329; do- mesticus, 171 Labidura riparia, 87, 290, 331 Leucopheea surinamensis, 331 Locusta viridissima, 171, 329, 331 Mantis religiosa, 28 Panchlora virescens, 147, 331; 147 Periplaneta americana, 331; australasie, 100, 331 Phyllodromia duplex, 229 Stenobothrus elegans, 330; parallelus, 330 Tettix bipunctata, 251 Xiphidium dorsale, 251, 331 viridis, \v ’ ' - Agee TE DP al ab bey Hi] > een bo | 4 —- a 7 Ge ¢ whe! 7 ie ae 1 a1. ve “ it ‘ | rr PJ a oe Entomologist, Jan. 1904. Plate I. West, Newman lith New Siphonaptera from Kgypt. a = Cewe « « 5 wu i " a ide \ ‘ SS Entomologist, Jan. 1904. a aa 4 Plate 1 1. . S i West,Newman lith. New Siphonaptera from Béypt. THE ENTOMOLOGIST Vou. XXXVII.1 JANUARY, 1904. (No. 488. NEW SPECIES OF SIPHONAPTERA FROM EGYPT. By tHe Hon. N. C. Rotuscuizp, M.A., F.L.S. (Puates I. & II.). Tuer four new species described in the present article were collected by the Hon. Francis R. Henley and myself on our joint expedition to the Natron Valley.* 1, Punex mycerini, n.sp. (Plate I., figs. 1, 3, 4.) The head is similar in shape to that of P. cheopis, and bears on its hinder portion a row of short hairs along the antennal groove. Above this row, situated in the middle, there is one long bristle. The row of bristles standing before the apical edge of the head is incom- plete, the lowest bristle, which is very long, being separated from the one above it by a large interspace. Between this long bristle and the row of short hairs there is one short bristle. The mesothoracic epi- merum bears three bristles, one below the middle near the suture which separates the epimerum from the episternum, the second near the upper hinder corner, and the third close to the stigma. The meta- thoracic epimerum bears one bristle beneath the stigma, and in addi- tion a proximal row of three or four, and an apical row of three bristles. The three thoracical tergites and the second to seventh abdominal ones bear each a single row of bristles, while the first abdominal tergite bears a few hairs in the middle, as is the case in the allied species. In the male the first abdominal sternite bears one hair on each side, the second to the sixth two, and the seventh two or three. In the female the first abdominal sternite bears one hair on each side, the second to sixth three, and the seventh four. The hind coxa bears two bristles at the hinder edge near the apex. The hind femur is not angulate beneath ; it bears on the inner side a row of from five to seven bristles, and on the outer side ventrally near the apex two bristles. In one of * For further reference to this Expedition, and the hosts from which these specimens were collected, cf. Noy. Zool. vol. x. pp. 279-285 (1903). ENTOM.— JANUARY, 1904. B 2 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. the females there are two bristles on one and three on the other femur. The hind tibia bears, besides the apical and dorsal paired bristles, only one row of hairs on the outer side, there being no hairs on the inner and ventral surfaces. The long apical bristles of the fore tibia reaches to the apex of the second tarsal segment, or a little beyond it. The fourth segment of the fore tarsus is nearly twice as broad as it is long. The fourth segment of the hind tarsus is short, being only a little longer than it is apically broad. The first hind tarsal segment bears externally on the ventral surface a row of two, three, or four long hairs. The second hind tarsal segment bears at the apex on the outer side (hinder side on slide) two long bristles, of which the longer one reaches to the claw, while the second extends beyond the middle of the fifth segment. The fifth segment of all the tarsi bears on the ventral surface at the apex only two bristles instead of three, the external one being absent, as is the case in several species of this group of Pulea. The eighth sternite of the male bears on each side a single bristle beyond the middle, and another close to the apex. The clasper bears (fig. 1) three processes, as shown in the figure. The uppermost is the largest, being widest near the rounded apex. The process bears at the apical edge a number of bristles, of which the second, counted from the ventral side, is the longest. The second process is very slender, while the third is short and broad, being nearly square. The manubrium is very slender. The ninth sternite is elongate (fig. 2), finger-shaped, bearing subdorsally before the apex two hairs placed close together, and several shorter hairs ventrally at and near the apex. The internal plate of the penis is similar to that of P. nubicus,* being ventrally at the apex more evenly curved than in the specimen of P. nubicus, from which the figure was taken. The penis bears apically a conical struc- ture which is clothed with short hairs. The ninth tergite of the male bears internally above the manubrium a short projection, which is more distinct than in the allied species (P. nubicus, P. pallidus, &c.). The eighth abdominal tergite of the female does not bear any hairs above the stigma (fig. 4). The apical margin is broad, rounded, and ventrally sinuate. There is a series of seven or eight bristles near the edge, the uppermost standing ventrally of the first apical bristle. This row is continued ventrally by three or four more long bristles, as shown in the figure. On the lateral surface there is one long solitary bristle on a level with the first apical one, and two more bristles further down, the second of these being a little more ventral than the last apical one. The so-called pygidium is a little longer than broad in side view. Length: ¢, 1:5 mm.; 92, 2:4 mm. Three males and five females were secured in March, 1903, at Bir Victoria, from Gerbillus tarabuli, and one male, at the same locality and at the same time, from Pachyuromys dupresi natronensis. 2. PuLEX RAMEsIS, n.sp. (Plate I., fig. 2.) This species is very closely allied to P. mycerini, but differs in the sexual apparatus of the male, and in the legs of both the male and * Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xiv. p. 84, t. 2, f. 10, 16 (1903). NEW SPECIES OF SIPHONAPTERA FROM EGYPT. 3 female. The hind tibia of the present species bears one, two, or three pairs of hairs at the ventral (anterior) edge, besides the ordinary sub- apical pair of bristles. The fourth segment of the fore tarsus is not as broad as in mycerint, being only one-third broader than it is long. The fourth segment of the hind tarsus is decidedly longer than in mycerini, being nearly twice as long as it is broad. The second hind tarsal seement is in the present species longer than in mycerini, the proportions between the first and second segments being in mycerini 29:20, while in the present species they are 28:23. The longest dorsal apical bristle of the first hind tarsal segment does not reach the third segment, and the two long apical dorsal bristles of the second segment are also somewhat shorter than in mycerini. In the male the clasper (fig. 3) has three processes as in mycerini, but the upper process is larger, being truneate, and bearing a number of rather stout bristles at the apical margin, and a belt of bristles in the middle, as shown in the figure. The conical hairy structure at the end of the penis is much longer than in mycerini. The eighth tergite of the female resembles that of mycerini. In the type (male) the eighth abdominal sternite bears on each side in the middle several hairs instead of one only. Length: g,1:'5mm.; 9, 2-2:°2 mm. Four males and four females were secured in March, 1908, at Bir Victoria, from Pachyuwromys dupresi natronensis, and five females from Gerbillus tarabuli. 3. PULEX PYRAMIDIS, N. Sp. . This species is very closely allied to P. cleopatre. In size it is much larger, and the comb on the hind coxa consists of fourteen spines. The abdominal sternites of the female bear five hairs only, and the long apical bristle of the second segment of the hind tarsus reaches only a little beyond the middle of the fifth segment. A single female specimen was secured at Bir Victoria on the 9th March, 1908, from Jaculus jaculus. 4, CERATOPHYLLUS HENLEYI,* n.sp. (Plate I., fig. 5; Plate II., figs. 6, 7, 8.) The head is similar in shape to that of C. fasciatus. There is a row of three long bristles in front of the eye, but no long bristles further forward. On the hinder part of the head there are three round pale spots, which are similar to the pale spots situated along the frontal edge of the head, the first being subdorsal, and the other two post-median and lateral. Below the lower spot there is one single long hair, there being no other long hairs on the side on the posterior part of the head, apart from some along the hinder edge. The pro- notal comb consists of nineteen or twenty teeth. The mesonotum bears on each side five to seven long thin hair-like spines, which are situated between the row of long bristles and the apex. The epimerum of the mesonotum is provided with a bristle near the anterior ventral corner, another further upwards before the middle, a third on a level * This species is named in honour of the Hon. Francis R. Henley. BQ 4 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. with this near the apex, and two more near the stigma. The meta- notum bears two heavy obtuse apical spines on each side. The epi- merum of the metathorax bears a vertical row of from two to four hairs near the base, three hairs from the stigma downwards, and one at the apex. The first and second abdominal tergites have one or two, and the third one short stout apical spine. The abdominal tergites bear two rows of hairs, the anterior one being restricted in the male to the dorsal side of the segment. The stigma of the middle segments is somewhat anterior to the first row of hairs. The seventh tergite of the male bears one very long apical bristle. Below this there is a very short but rather stout hair, and above the bristle there is another stout hair, which is not quite so long as the sensory plate (pygidium). In the female the seventh tergite bears two long bristles, and above them a short one. Abdominal sternites two to seven bear on each side in the male two to four hairs, in the female three to five, besides a few very short ones. The hind femur bears on the inner side six or seven hairs. There are also several hairs on the mid femur. The hind tibia is on the outer side furnished with a row of hairs situated near the dorsal bristles, and with a row of four further towards the ventral side. On the ventral edge (anterior in the slide) there are two or three pairs of thin bristles. The longest apical dorsal bristle of the fore tibia reaches nearly to the apex of the second tarsal segment, and the longest ventral spine to the base of the same segment. Both the ventral and dorsal long apical bristle of the second hind tarsal segment reach to the base of the fifth. The fourth segment of the fore tarsus is very short and broad. The eighth abdominal tergite of the male bears between the stigma and the hinder vertical edge a number of long bristles, which are placed as shown in the figure (fig. 8). The eighth sternite of the male (fig. 5) is very small, and has at the apex on each side an elongate process (A), which bears a bristle at the end. The process (P) of the clasper bears three hairs at the top. The finger (F) is (on the anterior side) straight from the apex to near the middle. On the hinder (ventral) side there are four hairs at the apex and two small ones above the middle. The ninth sternite of the male is shaped as in londiniensis and fasciatus, being ventrally deeply sinuate. Proxi- mally of the sinus there are two rather stout spine-like bristles besides two hairs. The distal portion of the ninth sternite is covered with very short spine-like hairs. The seventh sternite of the female (fig. 6) is ventrally sinuate on each side, the lobe above the sinus being trun- cate. he eighth tergite of the female bears two long bristles below the stigma, and the process articulated with the anal segment is almost conical in shape, and nearly three times as long as it is broad. Length: ¢,3:2mm.; °, 2°4 mm. One male and four females were secured at Bir Victoria in March, 1908, from Gerbillus tarabuli and Pachyuromys dupresi natronensis. ° SOME BEES FROM SAN MIGUEL COUNTY, NEW MEXICO. By T. D. A. CockERELL. Sphecodes veganus, uu. sp. ?. Length about 94 mm.; head, thorax, legs, and antenne black, the flagellum very faintly brownish apically, spurs rather light ferruginous; abdomen of ordinary form, bright ferruginous or chestnut- red, shining, the fifth segment hairy, black, slightly reddish basally. Mandibles stout, black stained with dark red, with a blunt inner tooth ; labrum with a broad low transverse punctate ridge, not at all emargi- nate ; antenne with fourth joint short, broader than long; flagellum stout; face broad, covered with white hair; clypeus with very large strong punctures, averaging closer together than the diameter of one; front with close strong punctures; mesothorax shining, with strong and rather close punctures (closer than in S. arvensis), median and parapsidal grooves distinct; metathorax with the enclosure large, semilunar, distinct, with very strong vermiform longitudinal ruge, partly connected by small transverse ones ; sides of metathorax coarsely rugose; tegule large, pale testaceous with a dark spot; wings faintly dusky, stigma and nervures black or almost so; second submarginal cell very narrow ; first longer than in arvensis; first abdominal segment with very sparse punctures on a shining ground; second and following segments with minute close punctures, except on the apical margins. Hab. Las Vegas, New Mexico, September. This and the next species are superficially like S. arvensis, but are distin- guished by many characters. The fine close punctures of the abdomen of S. veganus are very distinctive. Sphecodes pecosensis, n. sp. ?. Length slightly over 8 mm. ; head, thorax, legs, and antenne black, the flagellum longer than in S. veganus ; spurs rufo-fuscous ; abdomen of ordinary form, shining, bright chestnut-red, the fifth seg- ment only slightly dusky at apex. Mandibles reddish only at tips, with a divergent inner tooth ; labrum with a strong transverse ridge, not emarginate ; antenne with the fourth joint somewhat longer than broad, much longer than the third; face broad, rather thinly pube- scent; clypeus with extremely large, almost confluent punctures; a raised vertical line between antenne ; front extremely densely punc- tured ; a small transverse ridge behind ocelli ; mesothorax with large confluent punctures all over, giving it a very rough (though not dull) appearance; median groove scarcely indicated ; scutellum with sparse punctures on a shining ground; enclosure of metathorax semilunar but ill-defined, with very strong straight longitudinal rugex, as Sichel describes for S. metathoracicus, only in our species the metathorax out- side of the enclosure is coarsely cancellate ; tegule with the anterior border hyaline, then a large black spot, and behind that ferruginous ; wings dusky; stigma and nervures black or almost; second sub- marginal cell narrowed above; first and second abdominal segments 6 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. with very sparse punctures on a shining ground (closer at sides of second); third and fourth with closer, but by no means dense, punc- tures. The eyes are narrower than in S. veganus. Hab. Pecos, New Mexico, June 25th, 1903 (W. P. Cockerell). The altitude of Pecos is about 6700 it. Colletes gilensis, Ckll. Pecos, Aug. 7th, afemale at flowers of Melilotus alba (W. P. Cockerell). In HKurope the same plant is visited by Colletes fodiens, as is recorded by Loew. Halictus ruidosensis, Ckll. Pecos ; two females at flowers of Castilleia integra, June 26th (M. Grabham). The usual visitor of this plant is H. ovaliceps. Halictus clematisellus, Ckll. Pecos; both sexes common on Petalostemon oligophyllus, Aug. 12th (W. P. Cockerell). Previously taken only on Clematis. Andrena mellea, Cresson. Pecos, rather common ; taken in June at flowers of Fallugia acuminata (Fallugia paradova var. acuminata, Wooton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 1898, p. 306). At Glorieta (Sta. Fé County) a female was taken in a flower of Argemone intermedia, August 23rd. Andrena prunorum, Ckll. Pecos; at flowers of F'allugia, June 24th (W. P. Cockerell). Perdita affinis, Cresson. Pecos; both sexes at flowers of Grindelia inornata, Aug. 24th (W. P. Cockerell). At Glorieta my wife took it on Chrysopsis villosa. Perdita stottleri, Ckll. gf. About 5 mm. long; similar to P. townsendi, but smaller, with the fifth black band on abdomen wanting, or represented by a mere shaded line. The species was described from a single female taken on Bigelovia. It proves to be really a species of Gutierrezia sarothre, which it visits in great numbers at Pecos, New Mexico, during the last half of August. Its rediscovery is due to my wife. Perdita chrysophila, Ckll. A male was taken at Pecos, New Mexico, at flowers of Picra- denia floribunda, Aug. 21st, 1908 (W. P. Cockerell). It is a little smaller than the only specimen previously known, and the metallic tints of the head and thorax are dark blue, not at all green. SOME BEES FROM NEW MEXICO. "6 Melecta interrupta, Cresson. Pecos ; at flowers of Fallugia, June 27th (M. Grabham). Anthidium portere, Ckll., var. amabile, n. var. g. Abdomen with the ground colour red instead of black; the yellow markings rather more developed, the abdominal bands very little, some not, interrupted in the middle line. A very beautiful variation, but in no sense a subspecies. Hab. Pecos, New Mexico, Aug. 29th, 1903. Megachile emoryi, n. sp. ?. Length 18 mm.; black, with the pubescence arranged as in M. latimanus, but entirely orange; the dorsum of thorax, except at sides, bare, and as closely punctured as is possible throughout. This looks like a gigantic M. latimanus, but in addition to its large size it offers the following differences: pubescence more highly coloured ; mandibles with the broad cutting edge presenting low crenulations in place of distinct teeth ; sides of vertex more closely punctured; eyes in life black, with a broad green central band; tegule dark brown, with extremely close but shallow punctures; wings yellowish grey. From WM. sapellonis, which resembles it in size, M. emoryt is easily known by the straight and simple anterior edge of clypeus, orange abdominal hair-bands, and extremely broad basal joint of hind tarsi. Hab. Pecos, New Mexico, on Kinkale Ranch, Aug. 31st, 1903. It visits the flowers of the larger yellow-rayed Composite. Named after Lieut. Emory, who published an early account of the region it inhabits. . Megachile sapellonis, Ckll. Pecos, Aug. 31st; female. Eyes in life entirely black. Megachile wootoni, Ckll. Pecos, Aug. 31st; female. Eyes in life entirely black. The specimen has black hair on vertex and mesothorax, breaking down the distinction between wootonit and calogaster. Megachile monardarum, Ckll. Pecos ; male at flowers of T'helesperma gracile, Aug. 7th (W. P. Cockerell) ; both sexes, Aug. 31st. This is the American representative of M. willughbiella, and in the male I cannot dis- tinguish it from that species (cf. ‘Psyche,’ 1901, p. 283). Mr. Viereck (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. 1902, p. 48) has declared this species to be identical with M. vidua, Smith. This is quite erroneous ; M.vidua is the American representative of M. maritima. M. monardarum has the eyes in life entirely black in the female ; but sea-green, with the anterior margin broadly, the posterior ae narrowly, and the upper third or fourth, black, in the male. 8 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Megachile latimanus, Say. Pecos; female at flowers of T'helesperma gracile, Aug. 7th (W. P. Cockerell). THyes in life black, with a rather obscure greyish median band. Megachile sayi, Cresson. Pecos, Aug. 31st; male. Eyes in life black, the lower half strongly shaded with green. Megachile cleomis, Ckll. Pecos, Aug. 31st; three males. Eyesin life green in middle, black at sides. The length of the last antennal joint and of the second submarginal cell are variable, and sometimes the disc of thorax shows much black hair; it is possible that two or three species are included in my present conception of cleomis, but at present I cannot satisfactorily separate them. Melissodes spheralcee, Ckll. Pecos, August; common. Visits flowers of Spheralcea fend- lert. My wife has found it nesting in the ground; the entrance of the nest is without any structure such as is built by Anthophora and Diadasia. In life the eyes of the female are a beautiful grey-blue. Melissodes obliqua, Say. Pecos, Aug. 31st; female. Eyes in life very dark purplish, nearly black. Melissodes pallidicincta, Ckll. Pecos, June 12th. Dr. M. Grabham took a female of this and one of Dianthidium parvum asleep in Pentstemon flowers, in rainy weather. Anthophora cleomis, Ckll. Pecos, Aug. 31st; female. Hyes in life sea-green, blackish in front and on hind border. Anthophora montana, Cresson. Pecos, Aug. 31st; female at flowers of Salvia lanceolata. Eyes in life grey-blue, faintly purplish in front and on hind margin. Bombus iridis, Ckll. and Porter. Pecos; at flowers of Fallugia, June 24th (W. P. Cockerell). Bombus sonorus, Say. Pecos, Aug. 31st. The specimen has the bright yellow pube- scence of sonorus, but differs in having the hair on the pleura partly yellow and partly black. It seems advisable here to make some statement regarding the species of Oxea, Nomia, &c., which Mr. Cameron has de- SOME ABERRATIONS OF COMMON MOTHS. 9 scribed (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.), purporting to come from the region about Santa Fé, New Mexico. The character of the species is Mexican, and I am quite confident that the locality assigned is entirely wrong. I wrote Mr. Cameron about it, and he kindly informed me that the material was collected years ago by a person who was known to have visited the Santa Fé region, but who might very well have obtained the insects elsewhere. The collection included some species of Bombus which might have come from near Santa Fé. Colorado Springs, Colorado. SOME ABERRATIONS OF COMMON MOTHS. By Francis E. WoopsripGe. 1. Hepialus hectus:—Male taken at Dunkeld in June, 1900. The markings on the fore wings are rather broader than usual, and there is a row of golden yellow spots along the hind margin between the nervules, increasing in size towards the hinder angle. The hind wings are beautifully dashed with golden yellow along the hind margin between the nervules, with a golden yellow blotch near the apex, and a similarly coloured dot near the costa. The photo shows the markings exactly. 2. Melanippe rivata.—Female taken at Uxbridge some years ago. The central band on the fore wings is reduced to a blotch on the costa, and towards the hinder angle there is a dusky cloud extending from the band on the hind marginal area across the usual white stripe towards where the central band should,have been. Hind wings normal. 3. Melanippe fluctuataa—Female taken at Uxbridge in May, 1908. The blotch near the apex rather more flattened than 10 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. usual and somewhat suffused at the edges. The central blotch narrowed to a thin neck on the costa, then widening into a kidney-shaped blotch narrowed in the middle and flattened at the end, somewhat suffused. The wavy lines are somewhat thicker and more distinct than usual. Hind wings rather dark. 4. Coremia ferrugata.—Female taken at Throwleigh (Dart- moor) in August, 1901. This specimen, taken at a height of nearly 1,000 feet, shows distinct traces of melanism. The central band of the forewings is blackish, with distinct black edges on either side, rather suffused. The hind wings blackish from the middle to the base, with very few wavy lines. The photo shows the black marking on the hind wings fairly well, and also the black edgings te the central band on the fore wings, CURRENT NOTES. By G. W. Kirxaupy. (Continued from vol. xxxvi. p. 315.) THESE notes are intended, not only to afford references to recently published monographs, revisions, &c., but to call atten- tion to stray notices which might otherwise be long overlooked. Rupoupu. I. Geart, 1902: ‘A list of the Publications of the United States National Museum” (Bul. U.S. Nat. Mus. 51, pp. 1-168 & i-vii). This useful annotated catalogue enumerates 21 annual reports, containing 122 papers, 28 volumes of proceedings (embracing 1240 papers, 50 bulletins, 4 special bulletins), and 50 circulars, the whole comprising (on a rough calculation) 52,000 pages, 8800 plates, and 5700 text-figures, a magnificent result for a quarter of a century. T. D. A. CockrRELL, 1903: ‘‘'T'wo Orchids from New Mexico” (Torreya il., pp. 1389-140). The Aphid Macrosiphum corallorhize, Cockerell, is mentioned as occurrimg on Corallorhiza vreelandu, Rydberg. T. D. A. CockeRELL, 1908: ‘‘ New Bees from Southern Cali- fornia and other records” (Bul. South. Calif. Ac. Sci. ii., pp. 84-5). ‘Two new species of the bee-genus Halictus, and a new, almost black var. of the Cimicid Murgantia histrionica are de- scribed, with locality notes on some Diptera, Rhynchota, and Crustacea. Ki. G. Lopreman, 1902: ‘‘The Spraying of Plants” (The Mac- millan Co., New York, pp. i-xvii & 1-899, text-figs. 1-92, and frontispiece (portrait of Millardet) ). This little work, now re- printed four times, is invaluable to the horticulturist and to everyone interested in economic entomology. ‘The first chapter CURRENT NOTES. i deals with the early history of liquid applications; the second to spraying in ‘foreign countries”; the third to spraying in America; the fourth to materials and formulas; the fifth to machinery, &e.; the sixth to the action of insecticides and fungicides. Part 2 contains specific directions for spraying cul- tivated plants, and there is an appendix dealing with laws regarding spraying and the metric system. P. Boname, 1902: ‘‘ Les Borers de la Canne a Sucre. Insecti- cides ef Fungicides” (Bul. Sta. Agron., Colony of Mauritius, no. 7, pp. 1-28). ([Lepidoptera.] A consideration of Diatraa stria- talis and D. saccharalis, their parasites, and remedies against their depredations. W. E. Brirron, 1908: ‘Second Rep. State Entom.” (Rep. Connecticut Agr. Exper. Sta. for 1902, pp. 99-178 & i-x, pls. 1-15, text-figs. 1-19). The greater part of the report is con- cerned with the San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus), pp. 114— 38; the Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar (Clisitocampa americana), pp. 189-48; and the Whitefly (Aleyrodes vaporariorum ?), pp. 148-63, the notices of the latter being especially useful. Vernon L. Ketioae, 1908: ‘The Net-winged Midges (Ble- pharoceride) of North America” (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sei. (8) iii. Zool., pp. 187-232, pls. 18-22). [Diptera.] A valuable contribu- tion to our knowledge of this interesting family, especially in the notices of the immature stages. The author points out that the life-history of no Blepharocerid is fully known, the first eggs of any species being yet to be found; the food-habits of the male are also unknown. ' G. Comprre, 1903: ‘‘ In search for Parasites”? (Journ. Dept. Agric. Western Australia, vill, pp. 1382-45). Report of a tour round the world in search of a parasite of the Fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata) and other insects, and discussion of parasitic insects v. spraying. J. M. Strepman, 1908: ‘‘ Hessian Fly in Missouri (Cectdomyra destructor, Say)” (Bul. Coll. Agric. Univ. Missouri, no. 62, pp. 129-49). [Diptera.] S. Sawamura, 1902: Investigations on the digestive enzymes of some Lepidoptera (Bul. Coll. Agric. Tokyo Imp. Univ. Japan, iv, pp. 337-47). Though the expanded part of the intestine in Lepidoptera is commonly called the stomach, its physiological function resembles rather that of the intestines of Vertebrata. There is no part of the intestines in Lepidoptera comparable with the stomach of Vertebrata, since no genuine acid gastric juice exists in them. Arruur M. Lua, 1903: Remedies for Insect and Fungus Pests of the Orchard and Farm (2nd edition). (Dep. Agriculture, Tasmania, pp. 1-54; text-figs.) A popular account of the Orchard and Farm Pests of Tasmania. W. S. Brarcutey, 1903: “The Orthoptera of Indiana” 27th 12, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Ann. Rep. Dept. Geology, Indiana, for 1902, pp. 128-471; one coloured plate and many text-figs.). A somewhat popular account of the Orthoptera of Indiana, treated in a very full and clear manner, accompanied by notices of their natural enemies, a bibliography, and analytical keys; the accounts of habits and geographical distribution are very interesting, especially the con- sideration of the life-zones of the State as exemplified by the distribution of the present order. There is a fine coloured plate of the remarkable pink variety of Amblycorypha oblongifolia. Ep. J. Kyuzr & Epwarp C. Green, 1903: “The Tomato” (Bul. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. 65, pp. 1-81). The Rhynchoton Dicyphus saparatus, Uhler, is noted as a new tomato insect causing serious injury in Texas. (To be continued.) NEW CULICIDA FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. By Frep. V. Taeopaup, M.A. A coLLEcTIoN of twenty-three specimens of Culicide recently sent to me by Dr. Leicester, taken and bred by him in and near Kuala Lumpur, contains ten new species and six new genera. ‘'wo other species were sent, namely, Stegomyia nivea, Ludlow, and Myzomyia albirostris, Theobald, previously known, the former from the Philippine Islands, the latter from Malay. The descriptions of most of these species have been sent me, drawn up by Dr. Leicester, from fresh specimens, with great care. ‘These descriptions are reproduced here in inverted commas, showing that Dr. Leicester is the describer of the species and not myself, but I have added a few notes on each species. I have proposed six new genera, one named after Dr. Leicester. Most are jungle-living species, and this probably accounts for the novelties in the collection, as the majority of collections so far made have been in and around human habita- tions. Besides the six new genera, there is a new Melanoconion, Theob., three new Toxorhynchites, Theob., and a new Catageiomyia, Theob. I believe Dr. Leicester has notes on the larve of these species to be described elsewhere. I wish it clearly to be under- stood that the new species, except T'oxorhynchites leicesteri, Scutomyia albolineata, and Leicesteria longipalpis, are on the authority of Dr. Leicester. The types are deposited in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). ANOPHELINA. Genus LopHoscELoMyYIA, nov. gen. Head with upright forked scales, and some narrow-curved ones ; palpi densely scaled in both sexes, most so in the male; thorax with NEW CULICIDA FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. 18 very long curved hair-like scales. Prothoracic lobes large, with a tuft of black spatulate scales on the anterior face, and with black bristles. Abdomen with hairs only, except the last two segments, which have lanceolate scales. Hind legs with a dense tuft of out- standing scales on the apex of the femora. Wings clothed with broadish blunt lanceolate scales. This genus approaches Nyssorhynchus, Theob., but differs in having long, curved hair-like scales on the thorax instead of narrow-curved and spindle-shaped ones. The dense apical tufts on the hind femora are very marked in both sexes. So far I have seen no Anopheline approaching if in general appearance. Possibly others will be found in jungle growth. A single species only is known, and is here described by Dr. Leicester. The female type is, unfortunately, broken in transit. LopHoscELomyiA astatica, Leicester, sp. n. “ Hind legs with the femora with a dense apical tuft of long black and white scales. Wings with two yellow costal spots. Tarsi unbanded. «©, Head black, frosted, when dry dark brown; the scales are arranged in tufts, and bare places are left between; it is rather lighter along the orbital margins, giving the appearance, under a hand lens, of a narrow white margin to the eyes; on the vertex is a tuft of long, silky hair-like scales, with a double curve on them which project well forwards; behind these are a few white narrow-curved scales placed on either side of a bare black line and extending but a small way back and laterally for a short distance down the orbital margins ; behind these are some flat-topped white upright scales which merge behind into a dense mass of black (when dry, brown) upright scales extending laterally over the occiput to just short of the eyes, from which they are separated bya bare space. I can perceive no flat scales anywhere. There are a few black narrow-curved scales succeeding the white along the orbital margin. The eyes are a metallic bronzy-green. Antenne with the basal joint dusky, its depression brown, some rather broadly spindle-shaped white scales on its inner face; the second joint light brown, some black spindle-shaped scales on its inner face, succeeding joints similar but without scales; all the joints except the basal one covered with short white hair; verticillate hairs pale brown. Palpi equal in length to proboscis; pallid, covered with long black scales, a few pale ones at the junction of the third and fourth joints, and some pallid hairs at the tip (best seen with a hand lens). Proboscis covered with black short scales; labelle fawn-coloured. Mesonotum with the greater part of the upper surface of a pale fawn colour (in some lights it has a greenish tinge) with a dark brown line in the centre in front; on either side there are two dark brown patches separated by a narrow pale line. Looked at sideways these patches look lighter except for a small round dark spot at the upper part of pale line separating the two patches. In front is a rosette of fairly broad curved scales, white in colour; the rest of the mesonotum is covered with scattered pale golden hair-like curved scales (white in 14 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. some lights) and pale golden bristles. Prothoracic lobes elongated forwards but not mamillated ; a tuft of black spatulate scales placed on their anterior superior face, and there are also some black bristles. Scutellum with the central part dark brown, black under a hand lens; lateral portions same colour as mesonotum ; a few pallid curved hair- like scales are scattered irregularly over it, and the bristles are brown in colour. Metanotum the same colour as the mesothorax, with a dark brown central stripe. Wings with the costa black scaled, except for two yellow scaled spots involving the first longitudinal, and the second spot involves the upper branch of second longitudinal. The first spot is placed rather more than half way from base of the costa, the second just before the apex of the wing. There are two patches of black scales, one at base of second long vein, and the other at base of third and at base of the fourth. There is a light scaled area on the lower branch of second longitudinal. The first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second-posterior cell with its base nearer the base of the wing (cross-veins cannot be made out). All the rest of the veins clothed with black scales. HK'ringe black except opposite the yellow apical spot, where it is golden yellow. Pleur dark brown, marked with pallid lines. Legs with coxe pallid; fore-legs clothed with black spindle-shaped scales with a purplish hue in some lights ; knee-spot pale, and a few pale scales at junction of tibia and metatarsus. Mid-legs the same as the front, except for a conspicuous patch of white scales on the dorsum of the femora just before the apex. Hind-legs have a little before the apex of femora a dense tuft of lanceolate scales which stand out on either sides conspicuously ; where this ends the femora become snowy white, and similar long scales, snowy white in colour, project from cither side. There is no banding of the tarsi. Fore and mid ungues equal and simple. Abdomen has the dorsum greenish-yellow except segment four, which is dark brown; there are numerous pale golden hairs; on the last two segments there are numer- ous golden brown and dark brown lanceolate scales. The apices of the segments are slightly darker than the bases. “go, Head muddy brown when fresh (dark brown when dry); between the eyes is a triangular space bordered on either margin by white narrow-curved and more to the front by long silky white hair-like scales, which cross and project forwards over the face; behind this space are a number of white spatulate scales standing upright like palisades; the ends are not forked; passing backwards towards the nape and also laterally is a dense tuft of upright scales which become darker and darker the further back they are placed. Antenne with the basal joint dark brown, succeeding joints dirty white at the base, yellowish at the apex, plumes pale tawny brown. Palpi long, black scales at the base on their outer sides; dark brown scales over the whole of the apparent first joint, except for a ring of pale scales about its middle; a ring of yellowish scales at the junction of the penultimate and antepenultimate joints; upper surface of apical half of penultimate joint scaled with yellowish scales and all the terminal joint except for a patch of black scales near its base. Proboscis uniform. Thorax pale fawn brown; a median dark line and lateral dark brown patches; on the anterior margin is a rosette of long narrow-curved white scales; hair-like golden bristles arranged in NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 15 lines are distributed over it; there is a dark spot in front of scutellum, Wings with the costal spots much paler yellow than in the female; the first spot is very long, and commences fully two-thirds from the base of the costa; the second spot is small, and near the apex both involve the costa to first longitudinal, the second involving also the upper branch of second long vein. At the base of the second long vein is a distinct patch of black scales, and a few are scattered along the course of this vein. There is another patch at the base of the third vein, and another near the base of fourth, and a very few along the course of the vein. Besides these and the scaling on the costa and subcosta and first long vein there are no other dark scales on the wing. In the feathering of the hind legs and the markings of the legs generally it resembles the female. Abdomen as in the female.”— (Leicester). Length 4 mm., male; 4°3 mm., female. Observations—This species was taken in Ambang Jungle, six miles from Kuala Lumpur, on the 27th of June. It is a very distinct small Anopheline, the hind femoral tuft alone distin- guishing it, and the wings have five noticeable black spots, four prominent and true distinct yellow costal spots. The specimen sent by Dr. Leicester is in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Collection (deposited).—F. V. T. (To be continued.) NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. In a letter from our colleague, Mr. W. G. Kirkaldy—who holds an appointment in the Department of Agriculture and Forestry at Honolulu—he mentions having seen ten species of butterflies, among them being Pieris rape, Pyrameis cardut, P. atalanta, Lampides boeticus, and Anosia archippus. P. rape has probably been accidentally im- ported, and two species of Lycnide have been introduced for experi- mental purposes. Although the insect fauna of the Hawaiian islands has been pretty closely investigated, there still remains considerable scope for further research, especially as regards the important matters of life-histories, distribution, &e. Cross-PAIRING OF ZyYGHNA TRIFOLIL AND Z. FILipENDULH.—At the end of July last, while investigating the lepidopterous fauna of the Weybridge district, I came upon a colony of Z. filipendule on some marshy ground. Among the specimens were several fine examples of a form exactly identical with hippocrepidis, Steph.. which occurs in May and June in meadows at Northwood, and. to which reference has pre- viously been made (Entom. xxx. 181). Flying with the /ilipendule were a few males of 4. trifolii ; but still more interesting was the dis- covery of no less than four crossed pairs of trifolit and /filipendule, the males in each case being referable to the first named. Some little 16 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. distance farther on the breeding-ground of ¢trifolii was found, but no filipendula were there. All the available specimens on the filipendul@ ground were carefully examined, with the result that a very instructive series was obtained. Besides the hippocrepidis there were several examples so very like trifolit that one could readily suppose them to be six-spotted specimens of that spezies ; indeed, if they had occurred on the trifolit ground such a conclusion would have been very natural; as, however, they were only found in the /ilipendule camp, the probability seems to be that they, and perhaps also hippocrepidis, are the progeny of cross- pairings. In the Middlesex locality, where the two species occurred in close proximity in May and June, I often looked for cross pairs on the trifolit ground, but without success. The /ilipendule colony there was in a less favourable situation for observation, and therefore was not so closely examined; if this could have been done, some instances of crossing might have been detected. IT may mention that only two of the cross-pairs were taken, and one of these was given to Mr.Carr. Hach of the females deposited ova, and the larve hatched in due course. I believe that every egg in my batch hatched, but, unfortunately, there has been great mortality among the larvee, so that at the present time there are less than a score remaining. It is to be hoped that Mr. Carr may be able to get his larve through to the perfect state, as the result ought to help us to clear up some of the doubt concerning the status of hippocrepidis, Steph. So far as one can see at present there does not appear to be any sufficient reason to ~ consider it a species, or even a subspecies.—Ricuarp Sours. XYLOPHASIA ZOLLIKOFERI, Frey., 1x Brrramy.—Mr. T. Ashton Loft- house (Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xiv. 290, and ‘The Naturalist,’ no. 563, p. 456) records the capture of a specimen of this species at Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. It was taken at sugar on Sept. 26th last. So far as we know, only two specimens of X. zollikofert have previously been observed in Britain. One of these was taken in October, 1867, by Mr. Harding, of Deal, and the other by Mr. Tait, at Inverurie, in Scot- land. The former is in the Doubleday Collection in the Bethnal Green Museum. ‘The species seems to be exceedingly rare in Europe, the occurrence of a third specimen in Britain is therefore of great interest. CorncIDENCE oF Pyrameis carDuI AND Priusra cAamMa.—The following extracts from my note-book for 1888, will, I think, be interesting to Mr. H. Rowland-Brown (ante, p. 316) and, ‘possibly, to the readers of the ‘ Entomologist ’ generally :— P.cardui. In profusion in the Chester district during the first half of June (Entom. xxi. p. 815). The butterflies were in fine condition. There was a second appearance abont the middle of September. Larve were abundant on thistles, Hey Mair Moss (North Lancashire), July 27th (Kntom. xxi. p. 817). From these I reared a fine dark series. P. gamma. ‘The moth swarmed with us—a curious coincidence to the season’s abundance of P. cardui’’ (Entom. xxi. p. 318). Seen NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. t% also at Chattenden, Cuxton, Farnborough (Kent) and Westcombe Park (Entom. xxi. p. 187); at Sheffield (Hntom. xxi. p. 212); and at Sunnyside, Groombridge, Sussex (Entom. xxi. p. 238). The season was a notoriously wet and dull one, and the temperature low, on the whole—anything but favourable for insect immigration; yet it was not only a cardui and gamma year, but a galii year as well (Hntom. XXl. p. 256). Curiously enough, the season for 1888 was the only one in which I ever remember seeing larve and pupe of P. gamma. On rough hilly wastes I found larve (many of them) feeding on burdock, and the pups spun up, chiefly on thistles, in July and August.—J. ARKE ; Dec. 8rd, 1908. Meuirma pipyma as.—Since writing my note to an illustration of an aberrant M. didyma (Entom. xxxvi. 153) I have come across, in the ‘Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France,’ for 1900, a plate of aberrations of the same species, one of which is almost identical with that figured by me. These, with a note furnished by M. Charles Oberthiir, are exceptionally interesting, inasmuch as he takes the view that such “ aberrations are always analogous according to the pre- vailing scheme of each species, and even of each genus.” ‘ The aberrations,” he continues, ‘‘are not isolated examples, occurring once not to re-occur in like form; they are rather regular variations appearing in certain places where the necessary conditions exist for their development. What these conditions may be appears to be little known. Heat, cold, light, and electricity seem, however, to be the principal causes of aberration in Lepidoptera.’’ And he goes on to cite the curious case of a lilac-winged aberration of Lycena bellargus, taken after a thunderstorm in some numbers, where none of that species differing from the normal colour form had been observed before or after the electrical disturbances of the atmosphere. Incidentally also to the occurrence of M. didyma at Bourg-des-Compts in the neighbourhood of Rennes, M. Oberthiir says that this without doubt is the furthest western locality for the species in France, and there- fore EKurope.—H. Rowranp-Brown; Oxhey Grove, Harrow Weald, Nov. 25th. GEOMETRA VERNARIA.—My experience with regard to the emergence of this species was very similar to that of Mr. Clarke (Kntom. xxxvi. 291). The first insects to emerge were all males, the females remain- ing till last. There was, however, some overlapping, one or two of the latest males emerging about the same time as the first of the females. G. M. Russetxi; Portchester, Nov. 12th, 1903. Contrisution To THE NationaL Cotuection or British Lepimoprera. —Twelve specimens of Hupithecia consignata, by Mrs. Hutchinson, of Leominster, Herefordshire. Ten of the specimens were reared last April, and are the direct descendants of a female example captured in April, 1874. ENTOM.—JANUARY, 1904. 18 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. SirREX GIGAs 1n WitsHireE.—In October last an example of this species was captured at Coulston, near Westbury, Wilts. It was a female, in excellent condition.—J. B. TrEnn; 1, Grosvenor Square, Southampton, Dec. 18th, 1908. Autumnat Lepipoprera 1n Surrey.—This autumn seems to have been particularly favourable for collecting at gas-lamps, and among a host of other things taken by this means since Sept. Ist I may mention :— Neuronia popularis, Luperina cespitis, Xanthia citrago, X. gilvago, Cirrhedia xerampelina, Calocampa vetusta, Ennomos alniaria, Fi. fuscantaria, Himera pennaria, Kupithecia subfulvata, Triphosa dubi- tata, Hubolia cervinata. Sugaring has also produced its insects, though of only the commoner order, the following being taken since Sept. 29th :—Xylophasia monoglypha (one on Oct. 18th), Agrotis suffusa (two), Noctua c-nigrum, Mania maura (one on Sept. 80th), Orthosia lota, O. pistacina (abundant), O. litura, Orrhodia ligula, Scopelosoma satel- litia, Xanthia gilvago, X. circellaris (common), Miselia oxyacanthe, Phlogophora meticulosa (in swarms), Catocala nupta (slightly worn), Alypena rostralis, and Pyralis costalis—Lesuir H. Mossz-Ropinson; Wandle Bank, Wallington, Surrey, Oct. 20th, 1908. Couttectinc 1n Devon, Torquay, anv Ne1cHBourHoop, 1903. — The first three months of 1903 were very mild, which caused the sallows to come into leaf before the catkins had a chance to open. Therefore we did not get many insects at sallow. Larve were fairly plentiful during the first quarter of the year. I append a list of the principal captures for the year, taken from my note-book. In January and February larvee of Heliophobus hispidus were fairly plentiful ; also a few each of Leucania putrescens (full-grown in January), Rusina tenebrosa, Triphena ianthina, T. fimbria, Epunda lichenea. The following moths were taken at sallow, light, &c.:—Hybernia rupicapraria (males and females at rest on blackthorn bushes), H. leucophearia, H. progem- maria (males only). In March, imagos of Selenia illunaria (first speci- men taken March 19th). Xylocampa lithoriza and Teniocampa gothica were the only fresh things noticed out. In April the following moths were noticed, principally at sallow :— Teniocampa munda, T. cruda, T. miniosa, T. gracilis, T. stabilis, T. instabilis, T. rubricosa, Hoporina croceago (one), Scopelosoma satellitia, Xylina petrificata, and a few Trachea piniperda. In the same month the larve of Arctia fuliginosa, Chelonia villica, Nudaria mundana, Calli- morpha dominula, were noticed among others. In May, larvee of Lithosia caniola, L. complanula, Epunda nigra, and on heather larvee of Agrotis agathina, A. porphyrea, Noctua neglecta, &c. The moths for the month, noticed, were Anarta myrtilli (one) on May 8th, at rest on heather (is not this early for this species ?), Heliodes arbuti, Gonoptera libatrix, Tephrosia crepuscularia, Nemoria viridata, Asthena candidata, Corycia temerata, Fidonia piniaria, Melanippe procel- lata, Anticlea badiata, Cidaria russata, and Anaitis plagiata. June : the following imagos :—Zygena lonicera, Huthemonia russula (males only), Chelonia villica, Orgyia pudibunda, Acronycta ligustri, A. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 19 rumicis, Axylia putris, Dianthecia carpophaga, D. consperou, Mamestra anceps, Grammesia trilinea, Rusina tenebrosa, Huplexia lucipara, Hadena thalassina, Larentia olivata, Emmelesia affinitata, Cidaria ribesiaria, Phi- balapteryx tersata, Anticlea rubidata, among others, were noticed. July was the best month during the season: Agrotis lucernea, Leu- cania putrescens, Agrotis corticea, Thyatira batis, Gonophora derasa, Agrotis lunigera, Dysthymia luctuosa, Piusia festuca, Apamea gemina, Caradrina blanda occurred, among other commoner things. » August produced Lithosia caniola; only five were taken this year. Five journeys were made to Dawlish for Callimorpha hera; this month only nine specimens were taken; this species also appears to be getting scarce. At sugar, a few such things as Luperina testacea, Agrotis saucia, and a few Triphena interjecta were the best insects taken. September and October produced a few each of Hpunda nigra, Heliophobus hispidus, Hadena protea, Xylina petrificata, Polia flavi- cincta, Anchocelis rufina, Noctua glareosa, Anchocelis lunosa, Cerastis vaccinit, C. ligula (spadicea), Scopelosoma sateilitia, Xanthia citrago, X. cerago, X. silago, X. aurago, X. ferruginea, and Stilbia anomala; among Geometers, Scotosia dubitata and Cidaria miata. November, up to the second week, produced nothing fresh in the way of moths; a few larve of Heliophobus hispidus, Leucania putrescens, and Aylophasia hepatica were the principal species. The season, as a whole, has been a very poor one; we have had very little sunshine, so have not done much with the butterflies. One example of Colias edusa was taken at Dawlish, and one at Torquay in August; these were the only specimens seen by us during the season. We had one Sphinx convolvuli brought to us; it had been found at rest on a stable door on Sept. Ist, and one Acherontia atropos, which was picked up on the road, dead, on Oct. 15th; these latter were very fair specimens.—S. & J. Waker; Torquay, 8. Devon. Tue Dragonriies or Eppina Forest 1n 1903.—Our season began on the 1st June with the taking of Pyrrhosoma nymphula and Agrion puella ; then followed Ischnura eleyans on 21st June. No fresh species fell to our net until 9th August, when we took Sympetrum striolatum, immature, and a single specimen of 8. sanguineum. We did not again meet with the last-named dragonfly during the season, and we com- mented upon its apparent absence in 1902 in our report for that year (‘ Entomologist,’ Feb., 1908). On Aug. 16th we took, near Chingford, for the first time in Epping Forest, a specimen (female) of Calopteryx splendens ; the late period of this capture will be noticed. On the same date we collected Aischna cyanea and AL. grandis for the first time this season. Both species became unusually abundant; in a single morn- ing (Sept. 1st) we took A. cyanea no fewer than seven times (six males, one female). Upon several occasions, early in September, we were much interested in watching 4. grandis ovipositing in a pond near Chingford. The females of this species receive no assistance from the males in the important function of oviposition; they rest upon rushes and other plants growing in a suitable situation, and thrust the abdomen deep into the water. On Sept. 13th we took a specimen while thus employed, when we found that the last five seg- ments (numbers 6 to 10) were wet from immersion in the water. In 20 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. the beginning of September we made several visits to some ponds near Loughton, and on the 8rd of that month we took there a series of Lestes sponsa. At the same ponds, on the same day, we found Knal- lagma cyathigerum plentiful ; in our report for 1902 we remarked upon the apparent scarcity of this species in the forest, but perhaps it would be more correct to describe the insect as being very local rather than scarce. We continued to collect the undermentioned species until the date noted against each:—4. puella, Sept. 1st; J. elegans, Sept. 4th ; FE. cyathigerum, Sept. 4th; AH. grandis, Sept. 18th; 4. cyanea, Sept. 20th; S. striolatum, Sept. 20th.—F. W. & H. Campion; Waltham- stow, Essex, Noy. 6th, 1903. Notes on some LepimpopreraA REARED DuRING 1903.—I was much interested with Mr. F. A. Oldaker’s notes on Lepidoptera bred during the past season, aud can sympathize with him in the ill-iuck which he experienced with some of the species. I thought that a few remarks with regard to those which I attempted to breed might not be without interest. In February and March I obtained a number of common species, such as Triphena pronuba and Phlogophora meticulosa, together with a few L'riphena fimbria, by searching in the garden after dark with a lantern. ‘To save trouble, I kept these under glass in the kitchen, to induce them to feed up quickly and pupate before the usual time. This plan was very successful, and nearly all produced fine imagines in due course. Later on, by beating birch, crab-apple, &c., in this district, I took numbers of larve of Hybernia defoliaria H. aurantiaria, and Nola cucullatella, all of which I was successful in bringing through to the perfect state. The H. defoliaria are nearly all of a very dark form. From aspen I obtained a few larve of Tethea subtusa, a species which I had not previously found here. Unfortunately only one pupated successfully, but this produced a lovely specimen, which emerged on the 9th July. I completely failed with Smerinthus ocellatus, of which I had about one hundred ova from a New Forest female (laid May 29th, 30th, and 31st). The larve began hatching on June 11th, but nearly all died when quite young; a few only grew to about half size, when they also died off. Of Nyssia hispidaria I had about twenty ova sent me, which began hatching April 14th. The larve did very well till full grown, when they died off in the most disappointing way, one by one. I was more successful with Demas coryli, and have now some pupe resulting from about fifty ova laid at the beginning of June. These hatched between June 6th and 15th, and fed up well on oak. Another species with which I was unsuccessful was Hndromis versicolor. The larve hatched from May 2nd onwards, and although If provided them with fresh birch I could not induce them to even com- mence feeding, and all died in a few days. When in the New Forest, at Whitsuntide, I obtained a very worn female of J'ephrosia consortaria, which on June 1st and 2nd laid a number of ova in a chip-box, placing them quite out of sight between two layers of the wood. The egg is bright green when laid, oblong in shape, with rounded ends, and the surface minutely pitted. These hatched in due course, but in my subsequent absence from home were CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 21 overlooked and consequently perished. During the same visit to the New Forest I found about fifty larvee of Teniocampa miniosa, about half an inch long. These fed up remarkably well, and 1 have now about four dozen healthy pupe. In April, when at Wimborne, Dorset, I found larve of Aylopoda fabriciana, commonly in rolled-up nettle leaves. ‘This little larva spins a whitish opaque tough cocoon in the rolled-up leaf. The pupa is light brown at first, turning darker before emergence, about 6 mm. long, and very active. The first moth emerged on May 8th. With regard to Mr. Oldaker’s remarks on Euchelia jacobee I may mention that I found larve very commonly on ragwort near Orford, Suffolk, at the end of July and beginning of August. Those which I took pupated about Aug. 8th, but there were many small ones left which could not have gone down until a fortnight or so later. Having a few pupe of Dasychira pudibunda in the spring, and wishing to breed the species, I attempted to obtain eggs, but for some unaccountable reason I was unable to obtain a single pairing. The females laid a number of ova, but these were, of course, all infertile. The dates of emergence of the specimens are somewhat interesting, all the females emerging before any of the males, viz.:—May lst, one female; 2nd, one female; 4th, one female; 10th, two females; 11th, one female; 12th, one male; 15th one male.—Puitie J. Barraup; Bushey Heath, Herts, Dee. 5th, 1903. Fieip-work 1n 1903.—A record of my work with the net during the past season may not prove uninteresting. Ou the whole, the weather has been peculiarly depressing, and many of the days on which I had hoped to get plenty of insects were totally unsuited ; for, even if there was no rain actually falling, the wind was blowing, and the temperature was too low to tempt any insects out into the open. My collecting times were, with a few exceptions, Wednesday and Satur- day afternoons. On Feb. 8th I noticed Vanessa urtice out, and at in- tervals during March it appeared in my garden on days warmer than usual. It was not till April 20th that 1 observed Gonepteryx rhamni, and one of the features of this season, as far as my observation goes, has been the rarity of this species. Pieris brassice and P. rape were first seen on May 4th, but no P. napi till May 30th. Huchloé carda- mines was as abundant as ever near Ranmore Common from May 21st onwards ; and on the same date Pararge egeria was observed in a copse in fair numbers, and the first specimens of Nemevbius lucina were noticed. This species was very abundant later on, and the searching for ova on the cowslip leaves yielded good results on several days when little else was to be done. upta temerata and Abraxas adustata were beaten from the bushes on May 21st, and a beautifully marked speci- men of Lomaspilis marginata on May 23rd. Hesperia malve and Cailo- phrys rubi were first observed on the same date, as well as Hupithecia satyrata, which I obtained then for the first time, near Ranmore. Hl. malve was one of the species particularly plentiful this year. Argynnis euphrosyne appeared on May 27th, as well as Huclidia glyphica and #. mi, and on May 30th Phytometra enea and Panagra petraria turned up, as well as Thanaos tages. On June Ist, which I spent on Ranmore and the neighbourhood, we got Bupalus piniaria, Cidaria 92. THE ENTOMOLOGIST; suffumata, Strenia clathrata, Zonosoma linearia, as well as a nurnber of larve of Zephyrus quercus from the oaks. On June 8rd Lycena adonis was first seen, but this species was difficult to get in good condition, owing to the rain and wind. JL. alexis was first noticed on the same day also, as well as Acontia luctuosa, which was taken in some numbers during the next ten days. On June 4th Acidalia ornata was taken, but few of this species were observed. June 12th was a blank, except for a few Asthena candidata, and on June 17th nothing new turned up except Melanippe wnangulata. On June 22nd we took Lycena alsus for the first and only time this year, and then only three or four specimens. But Augiades sylvanus, seen first on the same day, was more plentiful than usual, and an interesting variety of Campto- gramma bilineata, with dark bands, was taken. On June 24th Melan- thia ocellata and Larentia viridaria were beaten out, and a female Lycena agestis deposited about fifty ova in a pill-box. These duly hatched on June 29th, but all died off before the first moult. OnJuly 4th Cidaria fulvata was plentiful and in fine condition, and on July Sth a good number of Aphantopus hyperanthus were netted, only to be released again, when it had been found that they were normal. On July 11th very little was about, but diligent work among long grass produced a good series of Hndrosa irrorelia, and a fair number of pup# of Zygena silipendule were noticed at the same time. July 22nd saw the advent of ddopwa thaumas in fair numbers, and a few males of Augiades comma were taken, the first female being seen on July 25th, on which date Hubolia bipunctaria was noticed. ‘lhe above notes refer almost exclusively to work on and near Ranmore, but on July 30th I migrated to the neighbourhood of Bognor, which I found singularly unproductive in the daytime, of course owing to the atrocious weather. A walk from Bognor to Arundel on Aug. 7th produced one Argynnis adippe, but nothing else except Pieris brassicae, P. rape, P. napi, Epi- nephele jurtina, E. tithonus, Lycena alexis, Adopea thawnas, and Plusia gamma. On Aug. 10th Vanessa atalanta was observed, and V. io on the 12th, as well as Acidalia marginepunctata. Polyommatus phleas was the only insect to be seen on Aug. 18th, but on the 19th Timandra amataria, Hypsipetes sordidata, and other geometers were obtained by beating the hedges by the roadside. On Aug. 29th Cilia glaucata was taken in the same manner. On Sept. 1st a fine female variety of Epinephele jurtina, with white patches on the two upper wings, was netted ; and on Sept. 5th, when I had returned to Dorking, two belated females of Lycwna corydon were seen. Single specimens of Vanessa atulanta were noticed at different times during this month, and several worn specimens of V. cardut. Such is my record for the year, and I think the most noteworthy feature is the entire absence of Cyaniris argiolus, which is usually plentiful here. No specimens of Vanessa polychloros, Colias edusa, or C. hyale were seen, and very few Gonepterya rhamnt. A curious circumstance that happened is perhaps worthy of note. One of my boys put a setting-board, containing four specimens of Vanessa atalanta, into a cupboard, and on looking at it the next morn- ing he found that the insects had entirely disappeared. Subsequent events, in which a penny trap figured successfully, revealed the fact that mice were the culprits. We found a few fragments of wings CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 98 scattered about the cupboard, but the mice had eaten or removed every vestige besides, leaving nothing whatever but the pins and paper on the setting-board.— F. A. Oxpaxer; Parsonage House, Dorking, Nov. 26th, 1903. Norrs rrom THE Nortu-west. — The season for 1903 will probably be remembered for some time, and all over the country, for its climatic eccentricities— eccentricities even for British weather. Generally speaking, the summer may be described as one of the coldest and wettest, if not the coldest and wettest, on record. Nothing unusual, here in Cheshire, marked the weather of January, except that it was often springlike ; and February was so genial, that I do not remember ever seeing such a fine display of spring flowers. Hawthorns, lilacs, and laburnums were green with foliage. April 10th (Good Friday) was generally voted a perfect day; white and pink lilacs were in bloom; there was even a rhododendron; and I gathered a bit of white hawthorn-blossom from a hedge. Then came a frost—‘‘a killing frost”’ —and all these too-innocent flowers were covered with snow on Easter Monday. April continued cold and wet, with frequent frosts, almost to its close. May came in upon us with sharp thunderstorms, but redeemed its character somewhat after the middle of the month, so that Whit Monday (the 31st) was positively warm, sunny, and clond- less. Everybody expects fine weather in ‘‘ the flowery month of June,”’ and, I should say, on the whole, it is the pleasantest British month of the year. But people took to overcoats on the 14th, and there was such a frost on Midsummer-day that most of the brackens and birches in Delamere Forest became as brown as in December. There were some warm, sunny days at the end of the month, as usual; but there was, altogether, more rainfall than we liked. July was a cold, wet, windy month, taken on the whole. The following is from my note- book for the 6th :—-‘‘I do not remember such a low July temperature as to-day’s; and [ certainly never set ashworthii, davus, myrtilli, and nebulosa in such a low temperature. The wind whistles as in stormy October.” The same cold, wet, and windy character applied to August, and was continued, more or less, through September, with the addition of two degrees of frost on Sept. 14th. October was a month of almost constant rain. November assumed its accustomed character—plenty of moisture, either in a state of fog or rain——together with the usual mild few days about the middle of the month, when Himera pennaria, Aybernia defoliaria (with an occasional H. aurantiaria), Cheimatobia brumata, Asteroscopus sphina (cassinea), and Pecilocampa populi faithfully and annually make their appearance at the street-lamps. Under such unfavourable weather conditions it is not surprising that insects have either been scarce or have come and gone unobserved. The following are some of the species which, in my experience, seem to deserve special mention. I saw few butterflies. There were some of the three commonest ‘‘ whites,” a few Vanessa urtice, but, apparently, no V. io or V. atalanta. Thecla rubi was a common butterfly among heath and birch in Delamere Forest, June 6th. Canonympha typhon (davus) had not appeared in its accustomed haunts by June 27th, but was in plenty on July 4th. Unfortunately, on that date, the specimens were nearly all badly chipped, although fresh, owing to the boisterous 24 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. weather. On July 11th the butterfly was not so numerous, but it was in good condition. Lycena egon and Epinephele ianira were numerous and fresh on that date in the Forest district; and I should not forget to say I had glimpses of F. tithonus in the Shotwick neighbourhood on July 81st. On the Crosby sandhills, near Liverpool, August 4th, Satyrus semele was common. The coloration of the specimens struck me as being unusually rich, but perhaps this was owing to their un- doubted freshness. Another thing I could not help noticing about these Crosby S. semele was the fact that they were not nearly so skittish and difficult to capture as are specimens of the same species on the rock-faces of North Wales and North Lancashire. I found Leucoma salicis on these sandhills as well, on the same date. Among moths I saw Lobophora carpinata (lobniata) in Delamere Forest from April 15th to April 25th, at rest on palings and tree- trunks, where it posed in flat contradiction to the doctrine of protective resemblance. Tephrosia biundularia I first saw on April 25th, and the species continued out until June 6th, when the specimens were getting decidedly shabby ; I got a fine ashy-grey female with blackish wing- suffusions and bands on May 16th. From this interesting female I have now a large progeny lying over the winter in the pupal state. Panagra petraria seems to be a local moth in Delamere Forest; it was plentiful, though worn, on one particular bracken-covered spot, June 6th. Hubolia plumbaria (palumbaria) was fresh and abundant on Hatchmere Heath on the same day, and I took a fine series of both sexes to renew. Among the birches in the Forest Acidalia renutaria and Cidaria corylata were also fresh, and plentiful enough. A nice A. straminata var. circellata has already been recorded for July 11th (Entom. xxxvi. 317), and, all being well, I mean to look out for this little prize next season. Aspilates strigillaria was just appearing on June 27th, but was represented throughout by smaller numbers than I have observed in former years. I met with dAnarta myrtilli on July 4th to July 11th; on the latter date both males and females, in fine condition, were swept off the tops of the heather. I recommended the spot to my friend Mr. J. Thompson in September, and he went there and obtained a considerable number of larve off the heather ; these larvee a few days afterwards pupated. All the above are Dela- mere Forest Lepidoptera, and the list was extended from October 3rd to October 10th by Peronea ferrugana (beaten from birches), Hphippr: phora similana = bimaculana, P. caledoniana (dark forms), Dictyopterya contaminana, and Plutella cruciferarum. I tried ‘“‘assembling’’ with a fresh female Bombya quercus on the Delamere heaths, July 11th, but the experiment was a total failure ; a few males were seen on the wing. ; Electric lamps were almost useless for attracting insects; this is not to be wondered at, for the latter are always most active in high temperatures. A male Cossus ligniperda was taken, June 23rd. I had only two favourable nights--June 29th and July 10th. On the first daté Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria, Dicranura vinula, Plusia pul: chrina, and Habrostola triplasia were my best captures; and on July 10th. the heat being almost tropical, Uropterya sambucaria, Pyralis glaucinalis A. betularia var. doubledayaria, Nola cucullatella, Caradrina alsines, Ma- mestra sordida (anceps), Miana arcuosa, Acronycta rumicis, Bryophile CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 25 perla, Plusia pulchrina, P, iota, P. chrysitis, and H., triplasia. A fine Acherontia atropos was taken from a lamp, October 24th. Abnormal appearances were represented by a fresh Xylophasia monoglypha (polyodon), taken at an electric lamp, September 24th. A specimen of Caradrina quadripunctata (cubicularis) was bred on November 10th. Among insects reared from the chrysalis, the following, with dates, may be of interest :-—-Hupithecia centaureata (eggs from a female taken September 4th, 1892, at an electric lamp), May 18th, May 24th, and May 81st; Macaria liturata, all var. nigrofulvata (Collins), May 24th to May 30th; these were from Delamere Forest larve, and I netted a worn example of the variety in the Forest, June 27th; Cerwra furcula emerged June 10th to June 25th, the larve were collected in the district. Ova obtained from these moths were all infertile. Notodonta dictea appeared June 24th; Noctua brunnea (from Delamere larve), June 27th and June 28th; Aplecta nebulosa (Delamere larve), with the almost black form vobsoni (Collins), June 8th to June 29th; dgrotis ashworthti, July 1st to July 6th; Gonoptera libatrix (pup spun up in the tops of low sallows in August), September 4th; Cheimatobia boreata and C. brumata (Delamere larve), November 9th to end of the month. A few eggs of E’pione apiciaria, from a female taken at an electric lamp, August 28th, 1902, hatched June 11th to June 21st. I could only count seven larve; but they all turned up as perfect insects between August 10th and August 16th. What prompted Mr. J. Thompson and myself to join our forces of Smerinthus ocellatus and S. populi with the view of obtaining a cross, it is, after this lapse of time, difficult to say. It was certainly no desire to assist Nature in the evolution of species, so it had best be put down to a morbid interest or idle curiosity. Anyhow, we brought about, in captivity, four pairings, with eight moths, of the two species; and the resultant eggs were all infertile, although the weather conditions were most favourable. A fifth pairing between a male ocellatus and a female popult (fresh moths, of course) resulted in fifty more infertile eggs ; but a second pairing of these two moths brought twenty-seven fertile eggs. These began to hatch, July 8th. My share was thirteen eggs, Mr. Thompson’s, fourteen; and mine were the last laid—in fact, they were taken in a cluster from off the outside of the terminal segment. Ail Mr. Thompson’s larve died in the course of the various stages ; but luck favoured me, and I have now eight pup. The larve partook of the characters of both species. I did, relatively, better than with ninety-six eggs of S. tili¢g I had sent me. The larve from the latter died off fast in their early stages, and I have only fifteen pupe. These pupz, I believe, I owe to removing the remaining larve to a warm kitchen-shelf. Out in the open country, larvew seemed to be, comparatively, scarce throughout the season, and I frequently came upon dead caterpillars. in Delamere Forest, also, dead larve were sometimes met with, but, v0 those who know the runs, even good things were to be had in that heltered locality in satisfactory numbers. The rich, coffee-coloured caterpillar of H, defoliaria, with its interrupted side stripe of yellow dashes, was well in evidence, July 28th, and before that date. So were ENTOM.—JANUARY, 1904. D 26 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. N. dromedarius, A. betularia (the latter species to be had right into October), and Cymatophora duplaris. These were found to repeat themselves, August 8rd, with the addition of one A. leporina and some Panolis piniperda, the last-mentioned being sometimes mistaken for M. liturata. All these could have been beaten from birch (with the exception of P. piniperda, from Scotch firs) until well into October. In addition, I got five N. dicteoides (deep purplish shiny brown, with a broad yellow side stripe, and very geometer-looking), a good many N. camelina, and three A. nebulosa (the last caught napping, as they are night-feeders), all in October, off birch. Perhaps the most curious experience of the season in the way of larve was finding a colony of Orgyia antiqua, August 12th, feeding on meadowsweet, mace-reed, and water-dock. It was a bad season for dragonflies. The only record worth show- ing is the abnormal capture of a solitary male Sympetrum scoticum on Hatchmere Heath (Delamere Forest), October 10th.-—J. ArxE; Chester. Harty APPEARANCE OF Crparia picata.—On May 16th, 1908, when cycling near Hadleigh, Suffolk, I saw a good-sized geometer on the wing, and on capturing it was surprised to find it was a fine female Cidaria picata. Some years ago I took a specimen on June 1st, which I then thought was a very early date, so that this capture may be worthy of record.—P. Harwoop ; “ Marlborough,” Chesterfield Road, Newbury. SOCIETIES. Sours Lonpon Enromonocican anp Naturat History Socirrery.— October 22nd, 1903.—Mr. E. Step, F.L.8., President, in the chair.— Mr. C. W. Simmons, of Tufnell Park, N., and Mr. J. Ovenden, of Frindsbury, Rochester, were elected members.—Mr. South exhibited very interesting series of Anthrocera (Zygena) trifolit and A. filipendule from localities in Middlesex and Surrey, together with aberrations and supposed hybrids, and read a short paper on the exhibit.—Mr. McArthur, a short series of Hepialus humuli var. hethlandica, taken in Unst in 1882. Mr. Dodds, specimens of the Coleopteron, Corynetes rufipes, found alive in a box of cigars.—Mr. Edwards, a wedding-cake which had been over twenty years under a glass shade in a city confectioner’s; the interior was thoroughly demolished by beetles, and the sugar was burrowed in an extraordinary way by them. The species was recognized as Ano- bium paniceum.—My. Carr, series of bred and captured males of Orgyia antiqua, of which the former were very considerably the larger.—Mr. Tonge, very fine photographs of the larve of Sesta (Macroglossa) stellatarum, Kumorpha (Cherocampa) elpenor, Theretra (Cherocampa) porcellus, and Asphalia flavicornis——Mr. West, short series of two * species of Hemiptera, Microphysa elegantula from Darenth, and Cardia- stethus fasciventris from Box Hill.—Dr. Chapman, an album of photo- graphs, showing the embryonic development of Botys hyalinalis, taken by Mr. Hammond and Mr. Jeffreys of Canterbury. It consisted of a SOCIETIES. o7 unique series taken at short intervals, from the time of the laying of the egg until the exclusion of the young larva.—Mr. Kaye, bred speci- mens of Theope endocia, T. foliorum, and Nymphidium lysimon, with figures of the larve and pnpe from Trinidad. The larve were found to live on friendly terms with species of ants, who milked them from papille above the anal segment.—Mr. h. Adkin read the reports of the field-meetings at Limpsfield and St. Paul’s Cray. November 12th.—The President in the chair.—Mr. Jager exhibited a specimen of Ophiusa stolida, a Noctuid new to Britain, taken at sugar near Dartmouth, on Sept. 23rd, 1903.—Mr. Kaye, two remark- able aberrations of J'eniocampa stabilis (1), a female, with shiny pale hind wings, the fore wings brick-red, and the transverse line and lunule distinct ; (2), a female with grey fore wings, the lines strongly black, and a broad blackish fascia passing through the reniform stigma.— Mr. McArthur, a specimen of Hippotion (Charocampa) celerio, captured at Brighton on Oct. 24th by Mr. Clayton.—Mr. Cothrup, a large number of the various species and forms of British Anthrocerids (Zygenids), including dA. hippocrepidis.—Myr. Fremlin, an example of Hemaris bombyliformis, from the New Forest.—Mr. Tonge, very finely executed photographs of the ova of Numeria pulveraria, Oporabia autumnaria, and Hemerophila abruptaria.—Mr. West (Greenwich), a short series of Sitones griseus from Oxshott, where it was common on broom. At Yarmouth he had usually met with it at the roots of grass. —Messrs. Dennis, Goulton, Main, Tonge and West (Streatham) then showed a large number of lantern-slides, comprising studies of flowers, ova, larve and pupz of Lepidoptera, resting habits of imagines, diatoms, and geological formations in North Wales.—Hy. J. Turner (Hon. Rep. Sec.). LANCASHIRE AND CuHEsHIRE ENtomotocicat Society. — The Fifth Ordinary Meeting was held in the Royal Institution, Liverpool, on Monday, November 16th, Mr. Wm. Webster, M.R.S.A.I. (St. Helen’s) presiding over a large attendance of members. Messrs. A. H. Garstang, F.R.8.L., of Southport; H. A. Sweeting, M.A., of Liver- pool; and Carrington B. Williams, of New Brighton, were balloted for and duly elected members of the Society. On the motion of Mr. P. N. Pierce, seconded by Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin, a vote of con- dolence was unanimously accorded the President, Mr. Samuel J. Capper, F.H.S., on his recent bereavement, and the Secretary was desired to write a letter conveying the same to him. Details in con- nection with the next (St. Helen’s) meeting having been discussed, Mr. E. J. B. Sopp, F.R.Met.§., F.E.S., communicated an interesting paper ‘‘On the Birth and Infancy of Dytiscus punctulatus, F.”’ After explaining the manner of ovipositing, and describing the varying effect of temperature on the length of time required for the develop- ment of the ova in spring and winter, he gave particulars of diseases to which the eggs were liable both in their earlier and later stages. The birth of the larva, process of change of skin at the various ecdyses, &c., were described from notes in his diary written at the time of observation. The paper was illustrated by eggs, cast skins, larvee in various stages of growth, and perfect insects. Amongst the large number of exhibits on view were the following :—A drawer of 28 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Xanthias, including Dasycampa rubiginea and Xanthia aurago. var. fucata, by Mr. F. N. Pierce, F.E.8S.; a fine collection of Lepidoptera from Cumberland and Westmoreland (1903), including the Alpine species Hrebia epiphron, EF. cassiope, FE’. medon, &c.; an exotic Ortho- pteron—Acridium (? sp.)—captured on a vessel in the Liverpool Docks, and a fine specimen of the oleander hawk-moth (C. nerii), cap- tured on the steamship ‘ Achilles,’ Liverpool, by Mr. H. B. Prince. Long series of Melanargia galatea and Cidaria picata, a curiously bleached form of Kpinephele ianira, and specimens of Anticlea sinuata and Cidaria unangulata from Devonshire, by Mr. W. A. Tyerman. Mr. J. Roxburgh distributed a series of Erebia medon. Mr. J. W. Dutton exhibited Coleoptera collected at Stromness by Mr. George Ellison, of Liverpool, including Amara spinipes, Donacia discolor, Chrysomela sanguinolenta, and Ottorrhynchus blandus. Mr. Guy A. Dunlop’s local Coleoptera contained Bembidium saxatile, Melanotus rufipes, Leiopus nebulosus, and Metecus paradowxus; whilst Dr. J. W. Ellis’s Easter captures on Slieve Donard and in the neighbourhood of Neweastle, Co. Down, included Leistus montanus, Nebria gyllenhali, Pterostichus vitreus, Silpha atrata var. subrotundata, and Otiorrhyn- chus maurus. Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin, F.E.S., showed recent addi- tions to the list of British Coleoptera, including Gynandrophthalma affinis, Aphanisticus emarginatus, Lathridius bergrothi, and Hydroporus bilineatus. Mr. Richard Wilding exhibited the British Donacie. Mr. C. B. Williams, collections of Japanese Lepidoptera and Coleoptera ; a small collection of local Coleoptera; and a living lepidopterous larva from a barrel of Canadian apples. Mr. HK. J. B. Sopp exhibited Anisotoma furva from Leasowe, and the large locust, Acridiwm cris- tatum, from British Guiana; and Mr. W. H. Jennings, a fine specimen of Sphodrus leucopthalmus, found under a kitchen floor at Hoylake. Amongst miscellaneous exhibits also made were two excellent photo- graphs of the larve of Fuchelia jacobee feeding on ragwort, taken from nature by Mr. Henry Ball, M.P.S.—E. J. B. Sopp, F.R.Met.S., and Frep. Brrconw, Hon. Secretaries. Mancuester EnromonocicaL Soctety.— November 4th, 19038.—Dr. W. E. Hoyle, M.A., F.R.C.S., the President, in the chair.—Mr. G. Kearey read a paper on Coleoptera, in which he described the require- ments necessary for collecting, and the most suitable places for obtain- ing insects. He then briefly explained their structure, food and habits, commenting on several species from personal observation, and concluded his remarks by an urgent appeal, showing the advisability of members of societies recording their captures. The following exhibits were made:—Mr. R. Brauer, insects belonging to the Mantide, and in- cluding species of Deroplatys arida from Borneo, Mantis religiosa and others.—Mr. L. W. Atkinson, a scorpion found in Manchester, taken out of wood from Jamaica.—Mr. L. W. Hewett, Sphina convolvult captured at Blackpool in October, 1908.—Henry 8. Slade, Lepidoptera taken at Ashton-on-Mersey, Cheshire—Mr. W. Warren Kinsey gave a demonstration on larvee preserving.—Mr. C. F. Johnson, Lepidoptera from Deal, North Wales, and Staffordshire. —R. J. WiceLsworta, Hon. Sec. { Entomologist, March, 1904. Plate III, DRAGONFLIES. (See p. 34.) THE ENTOMOLOGIST Vou. XXXVIL.] FEBRUARY, 1904. (No. 489. DRAGONFLIES IN 1902 AND 1908. By W..de duucas; BA. F-E.S. (Puate III). Boru seasons were ushered in by a late, ungenial spring, and, though casual emergences took place fairly early, the season proper was late in commencing in each case. With most species the bad weather seemed to make no great difference as regards numbers later—a result which might be expected with insects that pass their early stages in the water. Consequently the scarcity so marked in the case of Lepidoptera was not so very noticeable amongst the Odonata, at any rate in Surrey and the New Forest. In 1902 Mr. F. M. B. Carr met with Pyrrhosoma nymphula as early as April 24th in the New Forest, and with a freshly emerged Libellula depressa on April 28th; but the first dragon- flies observed by myself were Libellula quadrimaculata and Cor- dulia enea at the Black Pond, Esher, on May 19th. In fact, dragonflies were shy in emerging in Surrey till after the beginning of June. Though the weather promised better in the earlier part of the spring of 1903, ungenial weather later again kept the insects from emerging. My first sight of a dragonfly was on May 4th in the New Forest, and the species was probably P. nymphula. The first LZ. quadrimaculata was seen at the Black Pond on May 24th. The warm weather of the last day or two of May put a new complexion on things, and on the glorious summer day that ushered in the month of June dragonflies were very numer: ous at the Black Pond. Curiously, on February 24th, 1903, a fine female specithen of Hemianax ephippiger was taken flying i in a street in Devonport. The species somewhat resembles, and is nearly as large as, ENTOM.—FEBRUARY, 1904. B 30 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Anax imperator. It is, of course, in no sense a British insect, nor was it even a migrant; it was the merest casual, like the specimen of Gomphus flavipes taken in 1818, of Leucorrhinia pectoralis in 1860, and of Lindenia forcipata, all three of which have often been quite unjustifiably placed on the British list. HH. ephippiger is a native of Africa, and Mr. M‘Lachlan, into whose possession the insect passed, suggests that it ‘‘may have come on board a passing vessel off the African coast, and then have fallen into a lethargic condition, waking up during the high temperature that prevailed in the English Channel towards the end of February.” The figure (Pl. III., fig. 1) is reproduced from a photograph of the insect, taken natural size. As regards the termination of the seasons, the various species disappeared about the usual time. In 1902 one or two male specimens of Hnallagma cyathigerum were seen on Esher Com- mon on September 17th ; one Sympetrum scoticum was noticed at the Black Pond as late as November 2nd, and a few Sympetrum striolatum at the same place on November 9th. In 1903 the early species, Agrion puella and P. nymphula, were both seen in the New Forest, connected per collum, on August 12th, this being rather late for the second species, though perhaps not so much so for the former; a female Pyrrhosoma tenellum was found at the Black Pond on September 20th. Having thus glanced at the two seasons as a whole, those British species which have afforded points of interest to myself will be noticed in order. Unfortunately in most cases there is little new to record. It is always interesting to note the time of the day (or night) at which dragonflies emerge; it is therefore worth recording that a specimen of Sympetrum striolatum from Richmond Park that emerged in captivity on July 10th, 1908, was found hanging expanded, but quite yellow in colour, about 10.30 p.m., having no doubt come out in the evening. By the next morning, about 7 a.m., it had flown to the window. Though perhaps dragon- flies more often emerge in the night or early morning, one not seldom meets with them in nature emerging during the day. A male of this species emerged in captivity in the early morning of July 28th, 1902, when it was noticed that the abdomen before it extended resembled much in appearance that of a Libellula, thus shewing its affinities at that stage. Sympetrum flaveolum was not seen in either year at the ponds on Ockham Common, so we may conclude that there was no migration. S. sanguineum, however, was found there both seasons, and on September 6th, 1908, at least one male was taken (H. J. Turner) at the Black Pond, Esher, making yet another new record for that locality. Nymphs sometimes travel some distance from the water before disclosing the imago. On May 25th, 1902, I saw a DRAGONFLIES IN 1902 anp 1908. Syl L. quadrimaculata clinging to the empty nymph-skin two or three yards from the brink of the Black Pond. Libellula fulva has occurred more plentifully than used to be the case, probably because it is better known than it was, and is more sought for. Major Robertson has taken several during the last season or two near Pokesdown. Mr. Edelsten took the species in the Norfolk Broads in 1902, from June 26th—30th ; in 1908, June 18th-22nd. Mr. Porritt also took twelve in the Nor- folk Broads from June 29th to July Ist, 1903. It is possible that this dragonfly breeds in rivers rather than in ponds, judging from some of the localities in which it has been taken. In this connection it should be noted that M. René Martin gives as the habitat of the nymph in France—‘ étangs, riviéres, et surtout ruisseaux lents.”’ As regards Orthetrum cancellatum, one male was taken at Wisley Pond, Surrey, on July 5th, 1902, and Mr. Edelsten took it in the Norfolk Broads from June 26th-80th, 1902, and from June 18th—22nd, 1903. Apparently this still remains a rather uncommon species. In 1902 Major Robertson found Oxygastra curtisi in. fair numbers in its one locality. He took his first on June 27th, and the last on July 24th. The species was also found in 1903. Early in the morning of June 7th, 1902, or during the previous night, a fine female Cordulegaster annulatus emerged from a New Forest nymph secured about the last day of April. From the beginning of May, when it was put into a fish-globe in Kingston-on-Thames, it was remarkably sluggish, as a rule scarcely moving a limb even if touched. A day or so before emergence it kept its head and the upper part of the thorax out of the water. It was given no food after capture. On August 10th one or two half-grown nymphs were found in the New Forest, shewing that the insect passes two seasons at least in that stage. On July 13th in the same year a male was taken (A. Lane) by the side of the Byfleet Canal, near the station. It was a good specimen, and adds another to the meagre list of Surrey localities for this grand insect. On August 5th, 1903, a very blue female Anaxz imperator was taken in the New Forest. The next day a male and a female were taken at Pokesdown, and again the female was bluish. Of Aischna mixta, I have only two captures to record, both being in 1902—a female on Esher Common (F’. Carter) on Sept. 4th, and a male (R. South) two days later in the same district. The species seems to have become scarce again. Is this due to the late inclement seasons? 4%. juncea seems to have quite dis- appeared from the Black Pond ; in fact, I have but one record— a female near»Pokesdown, August 2nd, 1902. 4. cyanea has been common enough. On August 6th, 1902, 1 came across a male flying at Hurst Hill in the New Forest a few minutes before E 2 - 32 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 7 o'clock p.m. Though the sun had not set, the light was poor amongst the trees there. On September 2nd of the same year I watched an 4%. grandis near Oxshott hawking about in the rain amongst the fir-trees, where a number of small insects were in the air. On June 26th, 1908, a number of Aischnid nymphs were dredged from a small pond in Richmond Park. I suspected them to be Ai. grandis. One that had recently changed its skin on the evening of July 2nd was seen to be of a brilliant green colour except the eyes, which were dark. The markings shewed a little on the dorsal surface of the abdomen. It was one of these that Mr. H. T. Dobson reared, establishing its identity, and whose emergence he so minutely described in the ‘ Ento- mologist,’ xxxvi. p. 258. One of the most interesting points I have to record is the placing of Aschna isosceles on a sure footing in the British fauna. For many years scarcely a specimen had been taken. In 1902 (on July 27th) Mr. Edelsten saw one in the Broads, but did not secure it. In 1908 Mr. Porritt determined to make a strict search for the insect, with the result that, as described in the Ent. Mo. Mag., he saw a considerable number, and captured a few. Mr. Edelsten also captured two the same season, on July 26th. Mr. Edelsten’s dates are rather late for what is looked upon as one of the early Aischnas. The last four or five years have seen all the dragonflies (except Lestes barbara, L. virens, and LL. viridis), whose position on the British list was precarious, safely established there. These species are Leucorrhinia dubia, Inbellula fulva, Orthetrum cancellatum, Somatochlora metallica, S. arctica, Oxygastra curtis, At. mixta, Ad. cerulea, At. isosceles, Lestes dryas, Ischnura pumilio, and Agrion mercuriale. Messrs. Briggs, King, Morton, and Porritt have been especially assiduous in working up many of these species, particularly in remote dis- tricts, and students of the British Odonata owe them a debt of sratitude for the trouble they have taken, though probably the success they attained was sufficient reward. On August 11th, 1902, a large number of nymphs of Calopteryx virgo were dredged in the New Forest. Some were of a fair size, and others quite small. None of these could emerge till 1908: would the small ones not arrive at the perfect condition till 1904 ? In this country we do not often obtain evidence of dragonflies falling a prey to other animals, but on June 24th, 1908, upon the footpath of the canal near Byfleet, I came across scattered wings of C. splendens—in one case about a dozen together. Something, I presume, had been catching them, and feeding on the bodies. On August 4th, 1902, a male of this species was found near Rinefield in the New Forest, and Major Robertson had previously shewn me specimens from Holmsley. Virgo is the common Calopteryxof the New Forest. DRAGONFLIES IN 1902 anv 1908. 33 Mr. Edelsten took a single specimen of Lestes dryas in South Kent on August 1st, 1903. He did not identify his specimen till he returned home, and so hopes for a better “ bag”’ next season. This adds another to the few localities for the species. Some months back Mr. E. R. Speyer sent me for examination a male Lestes, which he took on August 11th, 1899, flying swiftly over an alder-bush on the side of a large lake at Shenley, Herts. It arrived in fragments, but the appendages (fig. 6) left no doubt as to its being Lestes viridis ; but I should rather hesitate to add it to the British list till more specimens are captured. Perhaps this note will cause others to search for it next season. It is already reputed to be British, but the evidence is not sufficient. Platycnemis pennipes, which does not seem a common insect in Surrey, was noticed in July, 1902, more plentifully than usual at the canal between Byfleet and Weybridge, more especially towards the latter. Pyrrhosoma tenellum was on the wing as early as June Ist in 1903 at the Black Pond. The varieties eneatum and rubratum were taken as usual in the New Forest. At the end of June, 1902, Jschnura pumilio was common in the locality discovered a year or two since in the New Forest, and the variety aurantiaca was plentiful. It again seemed to be over there by the beginning of August. But in 1903, on August 1st, 2nd, and 9th, I was delighted to find this species about a mile from the former locality, but on similar ground. On the 2nd and 9th both sexes were found, and in fair numbers, but no var. aurantiaca were taken or noticed on either day. This dis- covery is interesting as extending the range of the species in the New Forest, and also the latest date at which it has been observed there upon the wing. Further, a single male was dis- covered (A. L. Walker) on August 8rd, some distance from either locality, and quite near to Brockenhurst village. On July 5th, 1902, Mr. South caught, at Wisley Pond, an Ischnura elegans, flying off with a small moth, Crambus pas- cuellus. Mr. Edelsten records Agrion pulchellum for both seasons from the Norfolk Broads in June. Another extension of the range of a scarce species has to be recorded. On August 11th, 1902, both sexes of Agrion mercuriale were taken at a bog some miles away from the other known localities in the New Forest, and in a different drainage-basin. It was plentiful in the better known locality, and was seen in 1903 as late as August 23rd. In 1903 an Agrion, new to Britain, was taken (one of each sex) in the Norfolk Broads by Mr. Balfour Browne. Agrion armatum is a small but rather stout insect, which appears to be scarce everywhere. It will be a welcome addition to our some- what meagre list, and the male should be easily identified, if 34 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. anyone is lucky enough to meet with it, by the very highly developed appendages, and (except from Agrion hastulatum) by the spots on the dorsal surface of the second segment (figs. 2, 8, 4, 5). It is strange that Mr. Edelsten should have taken one in 1902. He placed it in spirit to preserve its colour, intending to send it to me; but it came to grief on his journey home, and it was not till after seeing Mr. Browne’s specimens that he recognized the identity of his capture. A female Sympetrum fonscolombit was taken by Mr. W. C. Boyd in June, 1908, near Trewoofe in W. Cornwall. Myr. J. J. F. X. King has taken again A. hastulatum in 1908 in Aviemore. Eixpuanation or Puate III. . Hemianax ephippiger (nat. size). . Anal appendage of Agrion armatum, $ (ventral). Figs. 2-6 all much Ms 5 a Ns Me, », (dorsal). [magnified. ” ” 19 ” ” ” (lateral). . Segments 1 and 2 of ,, ,, (dorsal view). . Anal appendage of Lestes viridis, g (dorsal). Co Ore Co bo DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA FROM JAPAN. By P. Cameron. DIELIS TESTACEIPES, sp. Nov. Black; the clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except at the apex, the apex of the pronotum (the line dilated laterally), the apices of the basal four abdominal segments above, and of the second to fourth laterally below, yellow; the legs testaceous; the apical half of the fifth and the whole of the sixth and seventh abdominal segments rufous. Antenne black, the scape rufous beneath. Wings fuscous- hyaline, darker along the radius, the nervures dark testaceous. 3. Length, 14 mm. Hab. Japan (George Lewis). Vertex almost smooth, the front deeply furrowed in the centre, the lower part deeply punctured, bordered above by an indistinct curved furrow. Clypeus smooth, sparsely covered with long rufous hair; the occiput thickly, the front sparsely, covered with long testaceous hair. Thorax thickly covered with rufo-testaceous hair; the mesonotum and scutellum sparsely punctured; the metanotum more closely and finely punctured. There is a small mark on the sides of the scutellum at the base. Abdomen shining, the basal segments with blue and violet tints ; the segments fringed with long testaceous hair, the apical more NEW SPECIES OF ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA FROM JAPAN. 35 thickly haired than the basal. The front cox are yellowish, the four hinder black; the legs are thickly covered with long pale hair. The males of the recorded Japanese species of Dielis are known, and the female of the present species is probably un- described. Characteristic are the rufo-testaceous legs and the rufous apical segments of the abdomen. KUMENES MICADO, Sp. NOV. Black; the antennal tubercle, a large irregular mark, about three times longer than wide, on either side of the base of the clypeus, a small line on the upper side of the outer eye-orbits, the base of the pronotum narrowly, the base of the propleurze broadly—the mark extending to near the centre above and half-way below—the greater part of the tegule, two large marks, broader than long, on the base of the scutellum, the post-scutellum, a large irregular mark, broader than long and with irregular edges, on the sides of the metanotum. Two slightly smaller ones below them, these having the outer side straight, the inner rounded and irregular; the apex of the first abdominal seg- ment narrowly, and of the second more broadly—the band narrowed in the centre—yellow. Legs black, the knees, the anterior tibie in front, the basal half of the four posterior and the spurs testaceous. Wings hyaline, tinted with fuscous-violaceous, the nervures and stigma dark fuscous. ?. Length, 18 mm. Hab. Sharo-Kowa, Japan (George Lewis). Antenne brownish at the apex, Front and vertex closely and distinctly punctured, sparsely covered with short fuscous pubescence. Clypeus sparsely punctured, the apical part less strongly, more de- pressed, and with a curved broad incision on the apex. Mandibles brownish at the apex. Thorax above coarsely and closely punctured, the metanotum more coarsely than the rest. Pleurz less strongly and closely punctured, the apex of the meso- and the base of the meta- pleure more broadly smooth. Petiole longer than the second segment, the dilated part strongly and closely punctured, the punctuation closer and stronger at the apex; the second segment closely and much more finely punctured. This species is closely related to H. punctata, but that species is smaller (18 mm.), has the head and thorax densely pilose, the clypeus shorter compared with its width, the antennal tubercle more distinctly dilated above, the apex of the metanotum more distinctly roundly dilated, its petiole is more distinctly longer compared with the second segment; the abdomen is more and the thorax much less largely marked with yellow, the metanotum is less rugosely punctured, and more clearly furrowed; and the scutellum has a more oblique slope, and is less rounded. 36 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. NEW CULICIDA) FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. By Frep. V. THropaup, M.A. (Continued from p. 15.) MEGARININA. Genus ToxoruynouitEes, Theob. (Mono. Culicid. i. p. 244, 1901). T'oXORHYNCHITES LEICESTERI, Nl. Sp. Thorax with metallic green scales, an azure spot over the wings. Abdomen purple, banded with pale blue. Legs unbanded in the male, banded with white in the female; last two tarsi white. ?. Head black, covered with broad flat scales; along the orbital margin is a narrow band of scales broadening out laterally, which are peacock-blue, in some lights they show purple ; the rest of the upper surface of the head is clothed with metallic golden scales. Immediately around the nape are a few upright forked scales, dark golden in colour; on the vertex are four golden-brown bristles. Eyes black. Antenne with basal joints black, frosted, naked; remaining joints black at the nodes, brown at the internodes; verticillate hairs black. Palpi three-jointed, very short, not more than one-sixth the length of the proboscis; first joint swollen at the base and constricted, the last joint small and nipple-like; scales broad, spatulate, under a hand lens dark brown, in stronger light rich blue, except at the tip, where the scales vary from rose-purple to a mauve according to the angle at which the light strikes them. Proboscis broad at the base, long and bent, covered with purple or rose-purple broad scales; at the angle the scales are golden green and some peacock blue mixed among them. Prothoracic lobes small, oval, rather prominent; thickly clad with scales which are purple-blue or rose-purple as the position to light is varied. Mesonotum black, densely covered with broadly spindle-shaped metallic green scales; over the bases of the wings the scales are larger, longer and spatulate-shaped. (In a fresh specimen the colouring is said to be like a green bottle-fly.) If the thorax is examined through a lens, the central part looks dark coppery brown to purple, while the sides, where the light strikes at an angle, show metallic green—ain other lights the scales appear bluish green or dark coppery red; at the anterior margin of the mesonotum is a band of scales which appear violet, rose-purple or purple according to the light, and below this a triangular patch of silvery scales immediately behind the prothoracic lobes, and over the roots of the wings a patch of peacock-blue scales and a row of short stout black bristles. Scutellum densely clothed with broad, long flat scales, which on the lateral lobes are of peacock blue or metallic green according to the light, and on the central lobe of a dark green fringed with lighter sreen posteriorly. Scutella bristles short, dark brown. Metanotum dark brown. Wings brown in colour; the costa and first longitudinal vein clad with broad, flat scales, which are peacock blue, golden green, and purple according to the light; the position of the cross-veins, the NEW CULICIDA FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. 37 size of the fork-cells and the scaling of the other veins is that of a typical Toxorhynchites. Legs with the coxe yellowish, mid and hind clad with creamy scales on their outer face ; fore legs with the upper surface of the femora clad with rose-purple scales; at the extreme apex is a tuft of long spindle-shaped scales which are white or peacock blue; just behind these are black spines placed in a semicircle ; the whole of the under surface is covered with bright golden scales ; tibiz entirely covered with purple scales; a short distance from the base on the metatarsus is a ring of creamy yellow scales; third and fourth tarsals mostly covered with creamy scales, the rest of the tarsus and metatarsus with purple scales; mid legs, femora and tibia as in the fore legs; the basal half of metatarsus with creamy scales, apical half purple scaled; all the tarsal joints creamy scaled. Hind legs golden at the base and on the under surface, purple above; scales at apex similar as in the other legs; tibia purple scaled; metatarsus purple scaled except for a broad ring of creamy scales a little beyond its base ; first and second tarsal joints purple scaled ; third and fourth creamy scaled; ungues equal and simple on all the legs. Pleure dark brown, for the most part covered with silvery grey scales. Abdomen with the dorsum of the first segment covered with peacock- blue scales, in some lights a dark green; the other segments covered with rose-purple scales, basal banding of peacock-blue scales. Venter bright golden except for a patch of dark scales on the fourth seg- ment; the last segment fringed with pale golden hairs, no caudal tuft. 3S. Head with a deep depression in the middle line; the scaling is much as in the female. Antenne banded brown and white; plumes black; basal joint black; second joint scaled with numerous broad golden seales; the two last joints dark and elongated. Palpi 3-jointed, the first joint with a swollen base, having the appearance of a joint constricted in the middle ; the second scaled with golden scales except at the apex, where there is a narrow band of purple-blue scales ; in the middle there is also a band of purple scales, and towards the base there are on the upper surface purple scales. Proboscis purple scaled, green scaled at the angle. ‘Thorax as in the female. Legs with the coxe and under sides of femora gold scaled; knee spots peacock blue, or creamy in some lights; the remaining parts of legs purple sealed; no banding. Ungues, fore and mid, unequal; the larger tooth uniserrate. Abdomen asin female. Length 10 mm. Habitat.—Kuala Lumpur. b Observations.—Described from two perfect specimens sent by Dr. Leicester. The beautifully adorned abdomen, metallic green thorax, with azure wing root-spots, and the last two white hind tarsals of the female, are very characteristic. TOXORHYNCHITES METALLICUS, n. sp. (Leicester.) “Thorax brilliant metallic green; abdomen deep rose-purple, with basal creamy yellow bands, no caudal tuft. Legs in the male unbanded, in the female the mid legs have a basal creamy white band; fore and mid unbanded. Male palpi with the second and third joints mostly golden yellow. 38 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. “9. Head black; a narrow band of creamy yellow scales along the orbital margin, which laterally broadens into a distinct patch ; the rest of the upper surface of head is covered with broad flat scales which vary in colour. If looked at from behind, the ceniral patch looks bronze-green and the scales at the sides blue-green. In one specimen the whole patch is a deep rich blue, while the marginal scales are silver. Immediately above the occipital foramen are a few fawn-coloured upright scales scarcely notched; a few small bristles are placed on the vertex which look black or purple or even golden brown according to the light. Antenne with the basal joint black, with a silvery tomentum, naked save for a few short white hairs; the second joint scarcely swollen, light yellow in colour, with a few black spatulate scales on its upper face; the succeeding joints black with white pubescence; the verticillate hairs black. Clypeus black, with silvery sheen, notched on either side. Palpi short, not more than one-fifth the length of the proboscis, 4-jointed (?); last joint small and nipple-like. First two joints with golden scales at the sides and beneath ; the two last joints are covered with scales which are coppery or rose-purple according to the angle the light strikes them. The proboscis is long, swollen at the base; the scales are purple or coppery. Prothoracic lobes small, thickly covered with broad, flat racquet-shaped scales of a creamy yellow colour, with some light brown bristles. Mesonotum black, thickly clad with spindle-shaped flat scales, which laterally become very broad and blunt-ended, and which in a good light appear of a brilliant metallic green to the naked eye in a fresh specimen. Under a lens the colour varies, peacock blue, bronzy purple and metallic green appearing intermixed, now one colour pre- dominating, now another, as the fly is shifted to different angles. On the anterior margin are some golden scales and numerous golden bristles, and laterally in front, immediately behind the prothoracic lobes, there is a band of metallic rose-purple scales, and beneath this is a triangular patch of creamy yellow scales. The two patches meet in a straight line, but the external edges are convex ; hence with the prothoracic lobe they form a rough ellipse. The upper band is to be seen when looking down upon the mesonotum, and is very ornamental. The scutellum is clad with rather long, flat spatulate scales, which are coppery, bronzy or purple-bronze as the direction of the light varies. There is a tuft of bristles over the root of each wing. Scutellar bristles are brown in colour. The pleure are a dark, glistening chestnut brown, naked in parts, scaled in other parts with creamy yellow scales. The wings are quite typical; the costa and first longi- tudinal vein are scaled with metallic rose-purple scales. Legs with the coxe and femora light yellow; tibia and tarsi much darker; the cox, bases and under surface of femora clad with metallic golden scales ; the upper and lateral surfaces of femora and the whole tibia and tarsi of fore leg covered with brilliant metallic scales, varying from coppery-bronze to rose-purple or bronze-purple; there are creamy scales at the apices of all the femora. Mid leg as the fore, except for a band of golden scales at the base of the metatarsus and golden scales covering the penultimate tarsal joint; tibia and tarsi of hind legs the same as the fore. Ungues equal and simple. Metanotum black. Halteres with pale yellow stems and dark scaled knobs, NEW CULICIDE FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. 39 Abdomen with the first segment scaled creamy yellow laterally, rose- purple centrally; the other segments brilliant rose-purple, with creamy yellow banding expanding laterally into triangular patches ; venter scaled with metallic golden scales, except segment four, which has a patch of dark purple scales. ‘““ g. Head black, with a deep furrow in the centre; there is a large central patch of flat scales of a bronze green or golden green colour ; the scales along the orbital margins are peacock blue, laterally there is a patch of scales peacock blue or rose-purple according to the light in which they are seen. Antenne with the basal joint black, nude; remaining joints creamy, growing darker towards the apex ; the second joint scaled with spatulate and elongated scales of a dark brown colour; a few scales show metallic colouring. There are numerous dark brown hairs on the joints; the verticillate hairs dark brown, almost black, neither very dense nor very long. The antenne are not nearly so marked a feature as they are in a Megarhinus. Palpi, 3-jointed ; first joint shows a slight swelling at the base, and there is a thinning of the chitin which looks like a joint but is not ; there is also asecond thinning, and the chitin is folded in more basally ; the whole joint is very long. The second joint is about half the length of first; the third is long and pointed, almost as long as the first joint, which is almost entirely golden scaled except on its upper surface near its base, where there is a patch of rose-purple scales and a band of the same about its middle and a few dark scales dorsally at the apex; the second joint golden scaled beneath and also the sides, except apically; the upper surface is purple scaled ; the third joint is entirely purple scaled. Proboscis scaled with purple scales to the angle, then green scaled. The markings of both proboscis and palpi vary. In one specimen I have the first joint of the palpus is entirely gold scaled save for a ring of purple scales on the middle and apex. The thorax is similar to the female. Legs with the coxe and under sides of femora golden scaled. ‘The upper surfaces of the femora and the rest of all the legs are clad with purple scales ; a few pale scales are inserted at the apices of the femora; fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger uniserrate. Abdomen scaled as in the female. No caudal tuft. A few rather long golden hairs inserted on the two last segments.’’—(Leicester). Length 10 mm., male and female. Habitat —Kuala Lumpur. Observations.—This is a very distinct species. The most striking features are the honey yellow and purple male palpi and the single creamy band on the mid legs of the female. Had this species been described from the dried types sent me by Dr. Leicester, I should have described the abdomen as un- banded, for in the female it is evidently shrunken, and no trace of the bands seen in the fresh specimen can now be noticed.—(F’. V. T.) (‘Lo be continued.) 40 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. CURRENT NOTES. By G. W. Kuirxaupy. (Continued from p. 12.) Gro. H. Carpenter & Denis R. Pack-Breresrorp, Sept., 1903: ‘The Relationship of Vespa austriaca to Vespa rufa” (‘ Irish Naturalist,’ xu. pp. 221-88, pl. 2). [Hymenoptera. | M. V. Suinceruanp, 1903: ‘The Insects destructive to Fruits” (Thomas’ ‘American Fruit Culturist,’ ed. 21, chap. xii. pp- 160-210, text-figs. 210-78). A practical working manual for the amateur and farmer. Prof. Slingerland’s name is a guarantee of the scientific accuracy and the lucidity of the entomological contribution of fifty pages. M. V. SuincEeruanp, 1903: ‘A big fight with Grape Pests”’ (Proc. Forty-eighth Ann. Meeting Western New York Hort. Soc., pp. 1-4 [? sep.]). An account of ravages of the Grape Rootworm (Lidia ) and the Grape Leafhopper (Z'yphlocyba comes). JoHN Fisups, E. EK. Bogus, and others, Sept., 1908: Bulletin Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta. no. 59 (being reprints from Bulletins 47, 50, and 52, and Ann. Reports 8-11), pp. 1-200; text-figs. Notices on grape insects. W. van Deventer: ‘‘ Insecteneieren welke veel op het suikerriet gevonden worden,” 19038 (Archief voor Java-Suikerindustrie, x1. pp. 487-46, pl. vii. & viii.). An important paper on the eggs of certain Javan sugarcane pests. These are delineated in situ and separately. Among these are Hesperia conjuncta, Huproctis minor, Procodeca adara, Psalis securis, Dreata petola, Scirpophaga intacta, Chilo infuscatellus, and Diatrea striatalis among the Lepidoptera, and various unidentified spiders, bugs, and flies. A. ZIMMERMANN, 1903: ‘‘ Ueber einige auf den Plantagen von Ost- und West-Usambara gemachte Beobachtungen,” (Bericht uber Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Deutschostafrika, i. pp.851-81, pl. iv. (coloured) ).. An account of observations made on some of the plantations in German. Hast Africa, principally of coffee; a number of injurious insects of different orders are figured with their work, &c. ‘Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Asso- ciation of Economic Entomologists” (Bull. U.S. Div. Entom., new series, 40, 1903, pp. 1-124, 2 plates and 6 text-figs.). The proceedings of last meeting of the above Association were as usual full of general interest. The address of the President (Dr. EK. P. Felt) has been previously noted (see Entom. 1908, p- 311). Herbert Osborn (pp. 85-6) gives ‘‘a method for mounting Dry Coccide for permanent preservation.” C. L. Marlatt has a most instructive article on ‘“‘ Applied Entomology in Japan” (pp. 56-63), illustrated by two plates, representing CURRENT NOTES. 41 Japanese insect placards, the first showing the Rhynchoton Selenocephalus cincticeps, an enemy of the rice plant, with its parasites, &c.; the second the Lepidopteron Hemerophila atri- lineata, an enemy of mulberry, also with its parasites. Dr. J. B. Smith discusses ‘‘ Mosquitocides’”’ (pp. 96-108), and concludes that there are several preparations that will serve both as disinfectants and larvicides, even when highly diluted. We note that the Association numbers eighty-six active, forty asso- ciate, and forty foreign members, a total of one hundred and sixty-six. K. Naaano (July 15), 1903: “‘ Smerinthus planus, Walker (Uchi-suzwme)” (‘Insect World,’ vii. no. 7, 1 p. Engl. suppl.). [Lepidoptera.] Stated to be the same apparently as S. ocellatus, L. A figure is given, together with one of the larva, which is also briefly described; its food-plants are noted as Salix, © Prunus pseudocerasus, and Pyrus malus. Plate vii. contains twelve figures of waterbugs, named only in Japanese, but re- cognizable; among them are the imago and ova of Notonecta trivittata, Motschulsky. H. A. Gossarp, 1908: ‘‘ Whitefly (Aleyrodes citri)”’ (Bull. Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. 67, pp. 595-66, pls. i.vi.; with a note on its allies by IT. D. A. Cockerell, pp. 662-6). [Rhynchota.] This is a valuable contribution to our knowledge of this remark- able family, which links together in some ways the Coccide and Aphide, and the type of which was described by Linneus as a Tinea. The Citrus whitefly is described and figured in all stages and’in great detail; it is of unknown origin, though probably American, and is the worst orange pest where it now occurs, In Florida there are three annual broods, and there are few in- sect enemies, though two fungous diseases are more or less efficient in suppressing it. . P. Preuss: Ueber Pflanzenschadlinge in Kamerun,” 19038 (Der Tropenpflanzer, vil. pp. 345-61, 5 text-figs.). Descriptions and figures are given, amongst others, of various Longicorn Coleoptera injurious to coffee, cocoa, and india-rubber. H. A. Kextiy, 1903: The Culture of the Mulberry Silkworm (Bull. U. S. Div. Ent., new series, 89, pp. 1-82, text-figs. 1-15). K. E. Green, 1903: The Tea Tortrix (Capua coffearia, Niet- ner) (1903, Circulars and Agric. Journal, Botanic Gardens, Ceylon, li. pp. 338-46, 1 plate and 1 text-fig.). K. EK. Green, 1903: ‘‘ The Lobster Caterpillar,” a tea pest in Ceylon (op. cit., ii. pp. 95-107, 8 pl.). Capua coffearia was de- scribed as far back as 1861, but has only come into prominence as a tea pest of late years. Mr. Green has worked out the com- plete life-history. The Lobster Caterpillar (Stauropus alternus, Walker) wag formerly considered as somewhat of a prize by the collector of Lepidoptera, but has recently appeared in enormous numbers on certain tea estates in Ceylon. It occurs also in 49, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Burmah and Java, and has been noted as occasioning consider- able mischief in India. The life-history is worked out. Among papers on American insects that will be useful to Kuropean workers may be cited :— J. D. Evens: ‘‘ List of Canadian Coleoptera,’’ commenced in ‘Canadian Entomologist,’ xxxv. (1903) pp. 2389-43. W. T. Cuarxe: “A list of Californian Aphidide,” J. c., pp. 247-54. J. R. pe wa Torre Bueno: “ Notes on the Stridulation and Habits of Ranatra fusca, Pal. B., l.c., 235-7. Prof. C. H. Frrnatp states that graduate students in en- tomology in the Massachusetts Agricultural College are tested for colour-blindness, to prevent possible errors in descriptive entomology (I. c., p. 206). H. F. Wicknam has two short papers (J. c., pp. 205-6, fig. 7, and p. 207, fig. 8) on gynandromorphism in Lucanus elaphus, and on a remarkable instance of duplication of part of the left pos- terior leg, which bears a bifurcate tibia, two tarsi, one of which is also bifurcate and carries two pairs of claws, thus six in all on one leg. Joun H. Lovenn: “The Colours of Northern Gamopetalous Flowers”’ (1908, ‘American Naturalist,’ xxxvil. pp. 865-84 and 443-79). On pp. 472-9 are discussed the relations between flowers and insects of the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepido- ptera, and Hymenoptera. The author believes that ‘‘the colours of flowers, both in general and particular, have been determined by their utility rather than by an esthetic colour-sense in insects. Insects distinguish between different colours, but they do not receive greater pleasure from one hue than from another. Any preference they may manifest has arisen from the association of the colours with the presence of food substances. Conspicuous- ness, or contrast of the inflorescence with the foliage, has been induced by insects. It is of advantage to insects, since it enables them to find nectariferous flowers quickly, and to plants because it aids in securing cross-fertilization.” K. Nagano continues his descriptions and figures of imagines and larve of Japanese Sphingididz [Lepidoptera]. Two of the latest are Cephonodes hylas, Linné (0-sukashiba), and Cherocampa lucasii, Walker (Beni-suzuwme), both from Formosa (‘Insect World,’ 1908, vii., nos. 8 & 9, English page). In the former number is a plate (viii.) of the Lepidopteron Zephyrus taxila, Brem., and its metamorphoses; in the latter, one (ix.) representing an ex- hibition of insects used in secondary education. (To be continued.) 43 NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Notes on Variation in Matacosoma (Bompyx) nEustria.—On the 30th May I found a nest of the larve of M. neustria, about half grown, feeding on wild plum. Wishing to discover whether different food- plants had any part in causing the considerable variations in the imago, I divided the larve roughly into two batches—giving one ordinary garden plum, and the other apple. In due course about thirty-five pupated, and the moths began to emerge on July 22nd— ten females and one male on that day, and three females and four males on the 23rd. Twelve more, all males, emerged up to August 4th. It will therefore be noted that the bulk of the females emerged first. Of course, a much longer series of experiments would be necessary before arriving at any definite conclusion; but it may be interesting to put some of the facts on record, as a starting-point for further investi- gations. I must here acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. F. A. Oldaker, of Dorking, for some interesting notes with respect to larve fed on apple and blackthorn, which notes I have incorporated. In the first place, there was a much greater disparity between the numbers of the sexes in those fed on apple and blackthorn than in those fed on plum, viz. on apple—(Dorset) three females, eight males; (Surrey) seven females, eleven males; or a total of ten females to nineteen males. On blackthorn—(Isle of Wight) two females, eight males; while on plum (Dorset), ten females to nine males. In colour there was nothing sufficiently distinctive of either batch to be noted; but there was an abrupt line of demarcation between the brown and yellow males—the brown, though varying in intensity, being always brown, never approaching yellow; the yellow constant in tone. As to number —Mr. Oldaker was not fortunate enough to get any yellow males either from the apple or blackthorn; but of mine, the apple produced six yellow and two brown; the plum, four yellow and five brown. The sizes across the wing when set were—Apple: Dorset, females 38- 39 mm., males 29-30 mm.; Surrey, females 364 mm., males 28 mm. Plum: Dorset, females 37-38 mm., males 29-30 mm. Blackthorn : Isle of Wight, females 82 mm., males 28 mm.—James Dovuautas; Sherborne, Dorset. ACIDALIA DEGENERARIA PARTLY DOUBLE-BROODED. —— Last year (1902) I took, at Portland, a few worn 4. degeneraria, and, contrary to my expectations, obtained some ova from them, which duly hatched. The larve fed up satisfactorily, and the perfect insect commenced emerging on June 2nd last. On the 7th a pair mated, and ova were deposited on the 12th. Two other pairs were mated on the 22nd and 28rd, and eggs were laid on the 25th and 26th. On the 25th the first batch of ova hatched ; and on July 1st the other two lots, which had been put into one box, commenced hatching. All the larve were subsequently put together. Towards the end of July I noticed that six of the larve were much larger than the others, and on Aug. 10th one of them spun up. On the 15th another had spun, on the 20th two more, and I found two that had pupated without spinning any web, one of which was deformed, On Sept. 2nd a pair of perfect insects emerged, and I found them mated on the night of the 8rd. Eggs were laid on the 44 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 4th and 5th. On the night of the 6th the same pair were in cop. again. Three other imagines, all males, subsequently emerged. On the 27th the ova hatched, and so far the larve have progressed satisfactorily. IT am keeping the two lots of larve separate for observation in the spring.—_Jno. V. Hypr; ‘‘ Cranbourne,” Kirtleton Avenue, Weymouth, Dec. 22nd, 1908. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. SIREX GIGAS IN THE Istz or Man.—A somewhat small specimen was taken in Molly Quirks Glen, Isle of Man, August, 1902, by T. H. SHEPHERD, Carr Lane, Shipley. SPHINX CONVOLVULI aT Carpirr, GLAMORGANSHIRE.—On Sept. 25th last I took a male specimen of this fine insect on the ground beneath an electric lamp here. It might easily been have passed unnoticed, had it not been that its brightly banded body could be seen between the parted wings.—Tuomas J. Suetiry; 108, King’s Road, Cardiff, South Wales. LapayeMa Exicua at Cuester.—On Sept. 25th of last year I took a moth at one of the Chester electric lamps which has been identified as L, ewigua. This is the second recorded capture of the species here, the first being taken at an electric lamp in 1900, by Dr. Herbert Dobie. Unfortunately, my specimen is minus the tip of the right upper wing. —J. ARKLE; Chester. CH@ROCAMPA CELERIO AT SaxmuNDHAM.—I have much pleasure in recording the capture of a specimen of C. celerio at Saxmundham, on 15th or 16th of October last, by Mr. J. G. Franklin, who found it at rest at the base of a plant of Nicotiana affinis in his garden. I have not noted any mention of the appearance of this moth in this country for some time.—Wwm. A. Carrer; 4, Burr Villas, Bexley Heath. [An example of this species was taken at Brighton, on Oct. 24th last ; vide Entom. for 1908, p. 292.—Ep.] ENNOMOS AUTUMNARIA (ALNIARIA) AT F'areHaM.—In August last, one of my choir-boys brought me a few larve of a “thorn”’ I did not know, which he had found feeding on a cherry-tree in a neighbouring garden. It seemed that already a large number had been destroyed by the owner of the garden, as the larve had been found in great abun- dance. The resultant imagines turned out to be EH. autumnaria, but very small in size, though the larvee were nearly full-fed when received. The species has been taken elsewhere in Hants, but is not cherry an unusual food-plant for the larvee ?—(Rev.) J. E. Tarsar; Fareham, Hants, Jan. 18th, 1904. HEMEROPHILA ABRUPTARIA IN JaANUARY.—On January 16th I opened a cage containing pup of Hemerophila abruptaria, and was surprised to find that a female specimen had emerged. It was somewhat worn, so had probably been out some days.—B. Stoneti; 25, Studley Road, Clapham, 8.W. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 45 Hyria auroraria AND Metit“a artemis.—I was recently shown a series of these insects taken, I was informed, on Wimbledon Common in 1900. I should be pleased to hear if these species have been taken by other collectors in this district.—B. Sronext. Lepripoprera IN N. Dorset, 1903.—I think the most noteworthy fact this year after (and certainly consequent on) the abnormal rainfall was the paucity of individual specimens. Most of the species commonly occurring in the district put in an appearance, but the numbers of each could be counted with at least one nought less than usual, with one or two exceptions. Of these the most noticeable were Bryophila perla—a lichen-feeder and therefore one which would naturally revel in a wet season—and Polia jlavicincta. The latter seems to have appeared in many places where not previously taken, and to have been abundant in its usual haunts; but for this I am unable to assign any reason. I should mention that various causes prevented any entomological work being done until April, and that I was away from home from July 23rd to Sept. 8rd, thus considerably shortening my list, which, how- ever, does not include many of the very common species, of which no note was taken. Smerinthus ocellatus, June 20. Macroglossa stellatarwm, April 7. Gnophria rubricollis, June 1. Arctia plantayinis, July 8. Hepialus hu- muli, June 80. Porthesia auriflua, July 19. Dasychira pudibunda (from pupa), March 30. Trichiura cratagi, Sept. 24. Pecilocampa popult, Dec. 8, 9. Malacosoma neustria, July 22 to Aug. 4. Lasio- campa quercus, July 7. Dicranura vinula, May 22 to 80. Thyatira de- rasa, July 20. Bryophila muralis, July 20. B. perla, July 8 to Sept. 7. Acronycta psi, July 14. Diloba ceruleocephala (males), Oct. 12 to 19. Leucania pallens, Sept. 23 to Oct. 2. Hydrecia micacea, Oct. 17. XAylophasia lithorylea, June 25 to July 6. Luperina testacea, Sept. 11 to Oct.1. Mamestra sordida, July 6. M. brassicae, Oct. 2 (just emerged). Apamea baslinea, June 22. Miana fasciuncula, July 6. M. furuncula, July 15 to 19. Caradrina morpheus, July 16. C. cubicularis, Sept. 6 to 80. Agrotis suffusa, Sept. 22 to Oct. 9. A. saucta, Sept. 22. A. segetum, Sept. 26 to Oct. 8. Noctua plecta, Sept. 3 to 7. N. e-nigrum, Sept. 18 to 26. N.rubi, Sept. 4 to 26. Amphipyra tragopogonis, Sept. 8. Orthosia pistacina, Sept. 26 to Oct. 10. O. rufina, Oct. 2. O. Li- tura, Sept. 12 to Oct. 10. O.lunosa, Sept. 16,17. Xanthia circellaris, Oct. 2. Polia flavicincta, Sept. 17 to Oct. 5. Miselia owyacantha, Oct. 19. Phlogophora meticulosa, June 22, Sept. 9 to Oct. 3. Hupleaxia luci- para, July 18. Hadena oleracea, June 21 to July 18. Cucullia um- bratica, July 20. Gonoptera libatriz, May 21. Habrostola tripartita, July 16 to 20. H. triplasia, June 29 to July 19. Plusia chrysitis, July 10. P. iota, July 10 to 18. Heliaca tenebrata, May 22. Phyto- metra anea, May 21 to June 27. Rumia luteolata (crategata), July 18, Sept. 13 to 23. Venilia macularia, May 31 to June 1. Odontopera bi- dentata, May 19. Crocallis elinguaria, July 7. Ennomos fuscantaria, * Sept. 28, Himera pennaria, Nov. 22. Biston strataria, March. Heme- rophila abruptaria, May 21 to 28. Boarmia rhomboidaria, July 10 to 18. Zonosoma annulata, Sept. 5. P] ” 99 . Melitea athalia, Rott., ab. pyronia, Hiibn. (Central Tuscany), . Erebia neoridas, Boisd., var. etrusca, Verity, q (N.-H. Tuscany). ed 9 99 be) + var. " albovittata, Verity 3 is P Epinephele jurtina, Z., ab. semialba, Bruand 95 3 10. Epinephele ida, Esp., ab, subalba, Verity 11. Thecla acacia, F. ab. beccarii, Verity (neighbourhood of Florence). 12. Chrysophanus dispar, Haw., var. rutilus, Wernb., 2 (N.-E. Tuscany). 13. Chrysophanus phleas, L., ab. schinidtii, Gerh. (neighbourhood of Florence). 14. Lycena icarus, Rott., ab. melanotora, Pincit., 2 (coast of Northern Tuscany). Seahawk Note.—To my great regret, the photograph has not accurately reproduced the black markings of P. rape var. rossii (figs. 1 and 2). They should be much more strongly developed, especially the two streaks connecting the spot with the outer margin.—R. V. 60 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. AN INTERESTING FORM OF CHESIAS SPARTIATA (van. CAPRIATA, N. VAR.). By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. Iv is curious that although Guenée points out that Chesias spartiata varies much, and C. rufata ‘“‘ much less,” and mentions three marked aberrations of the former (one almost becoming a local race in the South of France), yet there does not seem to be a single named form of it; whereas of C. rufata Staudinger catalogues no less than three. In the British Islands, to be sure, C. spartiata seems a very constant insect, excepting for the rather strong sexual dimorphism, but further south it would appear to be much more unstable, and its variation will deserve more attention than it has yet received. My kind correspondent, Mr. C. Seymour Browne, who is doing such good work in investigating and making known the very interesting fauna of the Island of Capri, has brought to our notice a striking variety which occurs with him, and has sug- gested that if I think it of sufficient interest, I should describe it as “var. capriata.”* I certainly do think it of sufficient interest, and have much pleasure in subjoining a description. I must not omit to add that Mr. Browne has generously pre- sented me with the specimen which I am describing as the type, and to publicly tender him my thanks for this and other kind- nesses. Chesias (Hucestia, Hb.) spartiata (Herbst in Fuess. Archiv), var. capriata, mihi, n. var. Ground colour delicate pale grey, weakly marked, the characteristic white (or whitish) ‘streak’? and the dark markings at the base and on the three ‘‘amygdaloid”’ patches in the central area being entirely absent. The result is that there are only two colour-shades present, and even these seem rather abnormally arranged and somewhat ill- defined. Basalarea irregularly blended of the grey ground colour and light brown; ‘first line” (i. ¢. inner boundary of the narrow central area) light brown, forming two acute angles, or a kind of irregular Greek sigma (z), the upper angle not completely intersecting the central area, but the lower (on the fold between veins 1 and 2) inter- secting it completely, thus leaving one amygdaloid grey blotch at inner margin. A rather broad light brown band runs obliquely from the apex, thence forming the outer boundary of the central area, narrowing and becoming more indistinct towards inner margin. Pale subterminal line traceable, though not very conspicuous, the colour again light * Perhaps when more southern material is to hand we shall have to write “var. et ab.” I find amongst my Canales (Northern Spain) geometers a small worn specimen, taken by Dr. Chapman in July, which was apparently intermediate between the new form and the type. NOTES ON THE GENUS METROCORIS. 61 brown between this and the termen. A rather conspicuous dark mark at the origin of veins 3 and 4. Hind wings normal or rather pale. Occurs on Capri in autumn, apparently supplanting the type. Type (2) in coll. L. B. Prout. Paratypes (¢ 2) in coll. C. S. Browne et Brit. Mus. NOTES ON THE GENUS METROCORIS (RHYNCHOTA). By G. W. KirKavpy. A MONOGRAPHIC revision of this genus and its immediate allies has, owing to a variety of causes, been shelved for some time, and is likely to remain so for a little longer. I hasten therefore to describe now a new species which was placed in my hands for study by Mr. Distant, and was returned to him a long time ago with a manuscript name attached. Although it would not be profitable at the present moment to discuss any of the other species at any length, each of these is enumerated. The generic synonymy is detailed in Lethierry and Severin’s ‘Catalogue des Hémiptéres-Hétéropteres,’ vol. iii. p. 64, and need not be copied here. M. lituratus, Stal, appears to be marine, but the record requires confirmation ; it may well be so, however, as Rhagovelia, Mayr, contains a few estuarine or semi-marine forms, the majority being fluviatile or paludicolous. The other four species of Metrocoris are frequenters of fresh water. TABLES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SPECIES. Males: 1. Anterior femora strongly incrassate, with tubercles 2. la. Anterior femora not, or not strongly, incrassate, with- out tubercles beneath : : 3. compar (F. B. White). 2. Dark, with pale markings; onetubercle . 5. stali (Dohrn). 2a. Pale, with dark markings ; two tubercles . 1. lituratus (Stal). Males of histrio and distantt unknown. Females: 1. Ground colour pale flavous, with black nee kenly apterous forms known) ; j la. Ground colour black, with pale markings : : 3. 2. Medio-longitudinal black line on the thorax reaching to the abdomen ; abdomen truncate apically beneath. China : Wampoa, Hongkong . . 1. lituratus (Stal). 2a. Same line on thorax not reaching abdomen, which is apically angular (almost rounded beneath). Japan 2. histrio (White). 62, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 3. Ventral surface dark. India: Kurseong ach bce CHT ip 3a. Ventral surface pale . ; 4. Base of pronotum practically uninterruptedly black, straight ; anterior femora not incrassate; first ven- tral “¢ genital ” segment not visible above. South Africa . ; 4, distanti, n. sp. 4a. Pronotum black. mith a “ED” on onan side pallid ; femora subincrassate; first ‘‘ genital” (ventral) segment visible above. India, Ceylon . 5. stali (Dohrn). The pattern in both sexes is very similar. 1. M. lituratus (Stal).—The colours in the female are brighter and more distinct than in the male. The type is in the Stockholm Museum, and was from Wampoa; I have it from Hongkong. 2. histrio (White). — This species I know only by White’s description. I believe the type is in the British Museum. 3. compar (White).—This was recorded by White from ‘‘ India.” Through the kindness of my friend Mr. G. Severin I have seen some examples in the Brussels Museum, from Kurseong. I believe the type is with M. histrio. 4. stall (Dohrn). — Of this I have seen specimens, both macropterous and apterous, sent to me by my friend Mr. E. E. Green from Ceylon (Pundaluoya), from sheltered pools in rocky streams ; my friend Mr. M. Burr has also given me examples from Assam, Chenapunghi (Khasia Hills). The type appears to be lost. 5. distanti, n.sp.—This species may be best described by comparison with M. stalt. As I believe Mr. Distant will describe in detail and figure it, I need only point out the salient cha- racters. The colouring and pattern in these two species is almost identical, except that the pallid markings on the mesonotum are more rounded exteriorly in stalt, more angular in distanti. The base of the pronotum in distanti is practically uninterruptedly pale, while in stali there are two rounded pale markings ; the pale marks are also redder in the former. The form of the ‘‘ genital’’ segment is also very different; in distanti it is sub- triangular, while in stali it is subrotundate; in the latter the apex of the ‘‘ sixth”’ is almost truncate, and of the ‘‘ seventh ”’ is widely bisinuate; in the former the apex of the ‘‘sixth” is apico-laterally produced subrotundately, obtuse-angularly, and the ‘‘ seventh ” is truncate. ?. Length, 5% mill. South Africa, Zoutspanberg (Koessner). Type in coll. Distant. g unknown. Honolulu. 63 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF MASTO- STETHUS (PHYTOPHAGOUS COLEOPTERA). By Martin Jacosy F.E.S. THE species described here are contained in my collection, and seem to be new; these insects are proportionately rare, and form generally but a very small proportion in collections received from tropical South America, where they are principally found. MAsTostETHUS NIGROVARIANS, sp. n. Narrow and parallel, flavous; the head with two spots; thorax impunctate, with an M-shaped mark ; scutellum black ; elytra closely punctured, a transverse band before the middle extending up the shoulders, the extreme basal margin and another band below the middle, black ; breast and the flanks of the thorax spotted with black ; femora flavous, with black streaks. Length, 8 mill. Head closely punctured near the eyes, pale fulvous, a spot at the base of the vertex and a Jarger more elongate one between the eyes black ; clypeus separated from the face by a deep transverse sulcus; antennz black, the lower four joints shining, the basal joint flavous below ; thorax nearly twice as broad as long, entirely impunctate; a black mark in shape of an M extends across the entire disc; elytra rather strongly and closely punctured, flavous, with two narrow trans- verse black bands, one before the other below the middle, both with their margins deeply indented, the anterior band extending with a narrow streak upwards at the shoulders, and connected with the black basal margin, the flavous portions dividing these bands of about the same width, the apical portion of the elytra more broadly of the ground colour, and more finely punctured than the rest of the surface ; below flavous, the flanks of the thorax and the anterior coxe with two black spots, the upper portion and the sides of the breast as well as the metasternum black, femora with a black band above, tibie and tarsi entirely yellow. Hab. Proy. Goyaz, Brazils. I possess two exactly similar specimens of this species, which seems most nearly allied to M. aurantiacus, Lac., but the head with two black spots only, the elytral bands connected, not com- posed of spots, the second one not at but below the middle, and of regular transverse, not oblique shape, but with its outer por- tion slightly widened at the lateral margins. MAstTosTETHUS FUNEREUS, Sp. Nn. Black; thorax nearly impunctate ; elytra very closely and finely punctured, flavous, the extreme basal margin, the apex, and four small spots at the middle black. Length, 11 mill. Head black, finely punctured in front of the eyes, the anterior margin of the clypeus and that of the labrum fulvous; antenne black, 64 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. the lower four joints shining; thorax about one-half broader than long, black, nearly impunctate; scutellum very finely punctured, black ; elytra broad and flattened, extremely closely and rather finely punctured, yellowish white, the basal margin narrowly black, this colour extending to the shoulders and to the extreme lateral margins, the apical third portion in shape of a triangular patch and two small spots placed obliquely at the middle of the disc of each likewise black ; under side and legs of the latter colour, clothed with long yellowish pubescence. Hab. Peru. This species is easily known by its system of coloration, and the four black spots at the middle of the light-coloured portion of the elytra. j MAstTostETHUS FEMORATUS, Sp. nl. Dark fulvous; the antenna, breast, and legs blackish ; head with three, thorax with two, black spots; elytra closely and finely punc- tured, the posterior femora with a strong tooth. Length, 10 mill. Broad and flattened; head sparingly punctured at the vertex, more closely so near the eyes; between the latter is a black spot, and two others are placed at the base of the vertex ; posterior edge of the clypeus raised in shape of a transverse ridge, testaceous as well as the palpi, the rest of the head reddish fulvous; antennz black, the basal joint fulvous below ; thorax nearly twice as broad as long, very sparingly and finely punctured, fulvous, the disc with two small black spots ; scutellum finely punctured, fulvous; elytra broad, not narrowed posteriorly, the lateral margins below the shoulders strongly raised and preceded by a longitudinal sulcus, the surface closely and finely punctured ; thorax below fulvous, the flanks with a black spot; the anterior coxe likewise black; breast deep black; the mesosternum strongly produced, compressed and truncate anteriorly; legs nearly black, the anterior femora and their tibie within, as well as the anterior and intermediate tarsi, flavous; posterior femora strongly thickened, with an acute tooth; abdomen fulvous. Hab. Bahia. From all other uniformly coloured species, in regard to the upper side, the present one differs in the colour of the legs and the strong femoral tooth ; a single specimen is contained in my collection. MASTOSTETHUS ERICHSONI, Sp. nN. Fulvous; the antenne, tibix, and tarsi black; head and thorax spotted with black; elytra finely punctured, with two transverse narrow pale yellow bands. Length, 10 mill. Head very finely punctured near the eyes, reddish fulvous, the vertex, a central longitudinal band, and a narrow stripe at the inner margins of the eyes black; clypeus and labrum with a transverse black band; antenne black, the lower four joints shining, the rest opaque, strongly transverse ; thorax narrowed anteriorly, the sides straight, the posterior angles strongly produced and pointed, the disc very finely and sparingly punctured, reddish fulvous, a U-shaped mark DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MASTOSTETHUS. 65 at the middle and two spots at the sides black; scutellum black ; elytra finely and rather closely punctured, the base more strongly so, black, with two transverse yellowish narrow bands, the edges of which are irregularly notched, the first band placed immediately before the middle, the other of slightly concave shape near the apex ; under side fulvous, the sides of the breast and an obscure oblique streak at the sides of the mesosternum black, the latter strongly produced into a conical point; legs fulvous, the femora with black stripes above or below, tibiz and tarsi entirely black. Hab. Peru. Almost identical in coloration with M. alternans, Lac., but the elytral pale bands much narrower and irregular in outlines, the basal margin not pale as in that species, and the elytral punctuation finer. From WM. trifasciatus, Lac., the species differs in the markings of the head and thorax, also in the absence of the basal elytral pale band. MAsTOsTETHUS LACORDAIREI, sp. n. Flavous; the antenna, tibie, and tarsi black; head with a black band; thorax very finely punctured, black, the margins flavous ; elytra extremely closely and finely punctured, flavous, a broad trans- verse band at the base (not extending to the basal margin) and another one below the middle black. Length, 10 mill. Head strongly punctured at the vertex, the lower portion near the eyes more finely and closely punctate, flavous, the upper portion with a broad longitudinal band extending to the middle of the eyes; antenne black, terminal joints broadly dilated ; thorax of usual shape, rather closely and finely punctured, the disc black, the margins narrowly flavous ; scutellum black; elytra distinctly narrowed posteriorly, very closely punctured, a broad transverse band at the base, narrowed towards the suture, and not extending quite to the basal margin, and another narrower band below the middle black; under side and the femora flavous; the tibie and tarsi, the anterior and intermediate femora, with a black streak above; mesosternum produced anteriorly. Hab. Peru. Closely allied to M. tibialis, Fab., but with the basal elytral band extending right across the suture, the thorax with the margins flavous only, the posterior band of the elytra placed higher, not concave at its upper edge, the margins not black but flavous. MasTOSTETHUS ARGENTINENSIS, sp. 0. Flavous; the upper portion of the head, the dise of the thorax, the scutellum, and the tibie and tarsi black; elytra strongly and closely punctured, flavous, with a transverse band before, another behind, the middle, and the extreme apex black. Length, 8 mill. Head closely and strongly punctured near the eyes, black, the lower portion flavous, the two colours separated by a straight margin, the space between the antenne impressed with a deep transverse sulcus ; antenne black, the lower four joints shining, the rest opaque ; 66 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. thorax about one-half broader than long, narrowed anteriorly, the disc very finely and sparingly punctured, black, the lateral and the pos- terior margin narrowly flavous; scutellum black ; elytra rather strongly punctured, flavous, with two transverse black bands, the first placed before the middle, rather narrow, not wider than the following flavous space, its edges irregularly dentate ; the second band rather broader, and nearly regular in outlines; both bands do not quite extend to the lateral margins ; the extreme apex likewise black; under side flavous, the sides of the breast with a small black spot, the anterior and inter- mediate femora with a black streak above; tibie and tarsi entirely black. Hab. Prov. Tucuman, Argentine Republic. Of this species I received two specimens from the La Plata Museum. The insect is closely allied to M. 5-maculatus, Lac., but in that species the vertex of the head is fulvous, the basal elytral band is wider and of more regular shape, and the apex of the elytra is fulvous; the under side also differs in coloration. MastosTETHUS NIGRICOLLIS, Sp. nl. Black; thorax impunctate, with an obscure fulvous spot at the base ; elytra dark reddish fulvous, closely punctured. Length, 10 mill. Head black, shining, with the usual group of punctures near the eyes; antenne with the lower four joints shining, black; thorax scarcely twice as broad as long, the angles very pointed, the disc entirely impunctate, black, with a small obscure fulvous spot at the middle of the base; scutellum fulvous, with a few fine punctures; elytra rather closely and finely punctured, the punctures much finer posteriorly, dark chestnut-brown ; under side and legs black; the last abdominal segment fulvous or partly so; mesosternum strongly pro- duced. Hab. Prov. Goyaz, Brazils. . Closely allied to M. abdominalis, Klug, but the elytra dark brown without black basal margin, the abdomen with the last segment fulvous only, and the thorax with a fulvous spot, as well as the scutellum entirely, of this colour ; two exactly similar specimens are contained in my collection. MastosTETHUS BALYI, sp. Nn. Testaceous; the head with a longitudinal black band ; thorax with a few minute punctures; scutellum black; elytra strongly and closely punctured, the extreme sutural and lateral margins, a spot on the shoulders and the extreme apex, black; sides of the breast, the outer margin of the tibiz, and the posterior tarsi black. Length, 9 mill. Head testaceous, finely punctured near the eyes, the latter very large, the indented portion black; the middle of the vertex with a broad and long longitudinal band, which consists almost of two parts, joined at the middle; labrum black; antenne obscure flavous, the lower joints with a black streak above; thorax short and transverse, the angles acute but scarcely produced, the posterior ones with a deep DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MASTOSTETHUS. 67 fovea, the surface testaceous, extremely minutely and remotely punc- tured; scutellum black; elytra very slightly narrowed posteriorly, testaceous, closely impressed with deep and dark punctures, the mar- gins very narrowly and a triangular spot on the shoulders black; at the apex this colour is slightly widened; under side and legs flavous, the sides of the breast black, femora darker fulvous, the posterior ones incrassate, the outer margin of the tibiw and tarsi black. Hab. Upper Amazons. MASTOSTETHUS BOLIVIANUS, Sp. 0. Flavous; a central band at the head, the dise of the thorax, and the breast and legs, black; elytra finely punctured, flavous, a broad longitudinal band occupying the entire disc and abbreviated at the apex black. Length, 7 mill. Head with the usual punctures near the eyes, pale fulvous, the base, a longitudinal central band, and the space in front of the eyes black, the clypeus and the labrum with another transverse black spot, the indented portion of the eyes and the palpi fulvous; antenne black, the basal joint flavous below; thorax twice as broad as long, the pos- terior angles acutely pointed, the disc nearly impunctate, black, the sides narrowly flavous; scutellum black; elytra somewhat remotely and finely punctured, each with a broad longitudinal black band, pointed at the apex, obliquely rounded anteriorly ; this band leaves the extreme lateral and sutural margin, as well as a narrow space round the scutellum, of the flavous ground colour; the apex of the elytra in shape of a triangular patch remain likewise flavous; under side black, the apex of the anterior femora and the base of the abdominal segments are flavous; the tibix are strongly curved. Hab. Bolivia. In its system of coloration this species resembles somewhat M. ephippiger, Mann., but in that species the elytral black band is of quite a different shape, strongly narrowed at the shoulders, and constricted at the middle, the whole base of the head is black, and the entire abdomen is flavous. MAsrTostETHUS QUADRIPLAGIATUS, Sp. Nn. Fulvous; the head with one, the thorax with two spots and the sides black ; elytra closely punctured, the extreme sutural and lateral margins, a triangular spot at the base, and a transverse one at the middle black. Length, 8 mill. Head closely punctnred near the eyes, fulvous, with a black spot between the latter parts; first joimt of the antenne fulvous, with a black spot above, the other joimts wanting; thorax about twice as broad as long, the lateral margins slightly concave, the angles acnte, the dise with a few scarcely perceptible punctures, fulvous, the sides with a slightly curved black band near the lateral margins, the middle of the disc with two black spots; scutellum impunctate, fulvous ; elytra closely and finely punctured, fulvous, the extreme sutural and lateral margins black, the middle of the base with a triangular black spot, the dise with a short transverse band at the middle, not extending to either 68 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. margin; under side and-legs flavous, the flanks of the thorax and the sides of the breast with a black spot, the upper portion of the latter part likewise black, the posterior tibiz at their outer edge, and the pos- terior tarsi entirely, black. Hab. Bahia. I know of no other similarly coloured species, of which a single example is contained in my collection. DESCRIPTION OF THE EGG OF COLEOPHORA MURINIPENNELLA. By T. A. Coapman, M.D., F.E.S., &c. Kaas of Coleophora murinipennella, laid in heads of Luzula campestris, were received from Mr. A. Sich on May 17th, 1901. The eggs are deposited at the base of the flower (or fruit) outside the perianth, within the scale or glume from within which each flower arises, occupying the little hollow between the scale and the flower-stalk, if so short a stem can be so called. The egg is white, with pearly lustre. They vary a little in size, from a length of 0°26 to 0°33 mm., and a width of 0°15 to 0:19 mm. These measurements may be to some extent in error, since the egg is a very soft one, and moulds itself readily to the position in which it is laid, and also appears to dry readily, and show various hollows in consequence. HKggs placed in water for a minute or two rounded up, and measured the full sizes just noted. In looking for any sculpturing, the first things observed were some very definite strie, very unlike, however, any ordinary egg-sculpturing. These proved to be the impressions received from the veins of the glume, within which the egg is laid. The long axis is the micropylar one, and the other two were not detected to be different; no surface sculpturing was detected. The micropylar area is a raised mammilla, about one-ninth of the width of the egg in diameter, i. e. rather less than 0°02 mm., and of half this height, or barely so. The whole so transparent that its rosetted structure was not very clear, but appeared to give the little prominence a scolloped margin. Betula, Reigate. 69 NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS MADE IN TOURAINE. By Grorrrey MrapE WALDO. Tue following notes cover a collection made from the end of May until the end of August round Tours, and for the most part at St. Avertin, a small village some four miles from it. In France, as elsewhere, the weather was most unseasonable, hence the not very large results in the number of species. Sugaring at the beginning of August was the most satisfactory method, although the weather then was not any better. To begin with the Rhopalocera, Papilio machaon was taken on May 22nd and not seen again during my whole stay, though P. podalirius was out the first week in June, and again in the middle of August, when several perfect specimens were caught. The three ‘‘ whites*’ were common everywhere, Pieris napi coming out much later than his congeners. Leucophasia sinapis was also common during most of my stay, males being by far the commonest. Anthocharis cardamines was abundant, as was Gonepteryx rhamni. Among the Lycenide, L. cyllarus, L. hylas, L. arion, L. argiolus, L. argiades were taken, as well as L. semi- argus (acis). LL. arion made its appearance the first week in July, and were out for about ten days only. A few hybernated Vanessa antiopa were seen, and any number of JV. io larve could be obtained, which pupated about the middle of June and hatched in due course, producing a second brood of larve in August. Not many V. egea were seen, but I got a larva which safely pupated, but was unfortunately thrown away by the servant. V. urtice was swarming, but V. polychloros and V. atalanta were much scarcer. Aporia crategi was in splendid condition during the first half of June, and was followed by Melanargia galatea. Limenitis sibylla and Thecla ilhcis were common in the oak woods, and Colias hyale and Nemeobius lucina were sometimes to be seen along roads and railway cuttings. Polyommatus phleas was out principally in July and August, but P. dorilis was out in June. Melitea didyma was plentiful and varied. M. phebe, M. dia, and M. athalia were also taken. In early June some beautiful Pararge mera and P. megera were to be seen sitting sunning themselves on stone walls, and P. egerides was abundant in the woods. Hpinephele ianira was, of course, almost a plague in July, and H. tithonus was very common. A beautifully fresh Canonympha arcania was caught on June 22nd, followed by plenty more afterwards, C. pamphilus was very common. Among the Hesperide,: syl- vanus alcee and sao were caught, but very few Hesperidx were seen at any time. On Aug. 14th a solitary Satyrus hermione was ENTOM.—MARCH, 1904. H 70 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. caught during a shower of rain. This was the only one seen; S. hyperanthes and S. semele were also taken. I saw Argynnis paphia often along the high roads, but never saw any of the dark variety. During the greater part of my stay, going round the flowers at night constituted my collecting for moths. By this means I caught Sphinx ligustri, S. pinastri, Chwrocampa elpenor, and C. porcellus, all at honeysuckle. Saturnia pyri was seen often, but only one taken; a batch of ova of this species, found on a poplar-leaf, all turned out to be ichneumoned. I rescued a very damaged C. elpenor from my killing-bottle one evening (June 24th), and kept her for ova; on the 25th she laid eight, which was all I got; these hatched on June 380th; two died during the skin-changing; the rest fed up well on vine, buried during the first week in August, and were six healthy pupe when I packed them up on Aug. 25th. I also had ova from a C. porcellus (laid in a chip-box on May 29th): these took exactly a fortnight to hatch (June 12th) and, feeding well on Galiwm, were all buried by July 21st. It seems strange that whereas C. porcellus ova take a fortnight to hatch, C. elpenor only takes five days! EHu- chelia jacobee swarmed as larve and imagines all the summer, and Zygena trifolii was very common in the hayfields during June. From several larve of Lasiocampa quercus I obtained imagines from Aug. 9th onwards, and by means of ‘‘assembling”’ got several males ; in fact, when I was bottling the female, a male flew in at the window and followed her into the killing-bottle. Males of Huthemonia russula were common enough, and I also got two females. Spilosoma menthastri, Arctia caia (common in larval stage, end of July, hatched in September), A. villica, Spilosoma fuliginosa, and Diacrisia mendica were also taken, and Callimorpha hera was caught by night and day, flying along the walls against which fruit-trees grew. Some ova of C. hera laid by the moth when on the setting-board Aug. 6th, hatched on the 18th, but never did any good. I bred a series of Porthesia chry- sorrhaa from larve on sloe, and later on found a batch of ova in their warm covering on a hawthorn-leaf. Larve of Ocneria dispar were common on willow. Cossus ligniperda was taken at sugar on July 24th. Acronycta aceris, A. rumicis, A. tridens, and Actinotia hyperict were also taken at sugar in August, and Celena cytherea (matura) was in beautiful condition at the end of August. Cucullia umbratica and C. scrophularie were caught at honey- suckle in the beginning of July, and Hecatera serena and Ma- mestra capsincola at lavender. Bryophila perla (at the top of Tours Cathedral) and the beautiful B. alge (at sugar). Other catches at sugar were:—Mania maura, Catocala nupta, Thyatira bit 8, Amphipyra pyramidea, Phlogophora meticulosa, Triphena pronuba, T. comes, UT. fi bria, and T’. ianthina, Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis, A. c-nigrum and A. puta, Diptergyia pinastri ‘scabriuscula), Mamestra brassicae, M. persicarie, M. geniste, M. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CYRESTIS. 71 lithoxylea, Calymnia trapezina, Caradrina ambigua, and Apamea didyma (oculea). Most of these species were abundant, but some nights were absolutely blank; nights with a wind and slight drizzle gave the best results. On Aug. 26th I caught a male Macrothylacia rubi. Acontia luctuosa was common at the end of July, and Plusia chrysitis, P. gutta and P. gamma, and Habrostola urtice were caught at different times, mostly on lavender. Plusia festuce was bred from ova found on willow. Euclidia mi and E. glyphica were also common. Among Geo- meters, which I did not much work for, I took Cidaria bilineata, Himaturga atomaria (males only), Larentia truncata, L. fluctuata, L. tersata, Eubolia bipunctaria, Phasiane clathrata, Venilia macu- laria, Rumia luteolata, Boarmia rhomboidaria, Deilinia pusaria, Idea ornata, I. rubiginata, Timandra amata (amataria), Abraxas grossulariata, Agrophila trabealis, Rhodostrophia vibicaria, Ivdis vernaria, and Gnophos variegata. The very different dates on which I took imagines of Cherocampa porcellus rather point to a second brood, for I took a very worn specimen on June 24th, and perfectly fresh ones on August 2nd and 4th. There was no resident collector that I ever discovered, although there was a naturalist’s shop, with the usual assortment of exotic butter- flies, but the proprietor did not know much about the Lepido- ptera of the district, so I could not find out what does occur usually. Plusia gamma occurred very sparingly, as also did Macroglossa stellatarum, both insects generally being abundant on the Continent. Altogether the summer was most unkind for collecting, despite one or two spells of beautifully warm weather. Stonewall Park, Edenbridge, Kent. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CYRESTIS. By Percy I. Latay, F.Z.S., F.E.S. CyYRESTIS GILOLENSIS, Sp. Nov. Fore wing white, the basal half crossed by numerous irregular brown lines; a submarginal row of obscure dark spots faintly en- circled by brown lines; nearer the margin a row of lunular brown markings, followed by a dark brown line; outer margin brown. Hind Wing white, the basal half crossed by irregular brown lines, forming a W just above anal angle; marginal markings as in fore wing, but the inner series much more pronounced, and a yellowish patch at anal angle; wing produced into a short tail at upper median nervule; anal angle lobed. Under side as above, but basal markings much less; also those on outer margin. Hab. Gilolo. Type in coll. H. J. Adams. Allied to C. paulinus, Feld., but may easily be distinguished by the absence of the wide marginal dark borders. H 2 72 13. 14. THE ENTOMOLOGIST. CURRENT NOTES. By G. W. Krirxaupy. (Continued from p. 42.) F. M. Wesster, 1903: ‘‘The Price of Dairy Products as influencing the abundance of some Insects’? (Journ. New York Ent. Soc. xi. pp. 59-60). . F. M. Wessrer, 1903: ‘‘ The Diffusion of Insects in North America”’ (‘ Psyche,’ pp. 47-58, pl. 2 (map) ). . Lawrence Bruner, 1908: ‘‘A Plea for the Protection of our Birds”’ (Spec. Bul. Dep. Ent. & Ornith., Univ. Nebraska, no. 3, 4 pp.). . T. W. Kirk, 1902: ‘“ Rep. of the Biologist’? (10th Ann. Rep. New Zealand Dep. Agr., app. x., pp. 859-470, 18 plates and several text-figs.). . W. W. Froeaatt, 1903: ‘Insects that damage Wheat and other Foodstuffs” (Agr. Gaz. N. 8. Wales, pp. 481-92, and plate). . N. A. Coss, 19038: ‘‘ Letters on the Diseases of Plants: 2nd _ series” (Agr. Gaz. N. §. Wales, pp. 627-52, and 681-712, 2 coloured plates, and text-figs. 1-71). . J. R. pe ua Torre Bueno, 1908: ‘‘ Brief Notes towards the Life-history of Pelocoris femorata, Pal. B., with a few re- marks on Habits’? (Journ. N. York. Ent. Soc. xi. pp. 166-73, text-figs. 1-2). {[Rhynchota.] . W. W. Froeeart, 1908: ‘‘ Cicadas (Locusts) and their Habits” (Agr. Gaz. N.S. Wales, xiv. pp. 341 and 418-25, plates). . Harrison G. Dyar, 1902: ‘A Lepidopterous Larva on a Leafhopper (Epipyrops barberiana, nu. sp.)” (Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, v. pp. 48-5). . Harrison G. Dyar, 1903: Disscusion in Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash. v. pp. 180-1, on the above. . L. Ren, 1903: ‘‘ Zur Naturgeschichte mittel- und nordeuro- paeischen Schildlause” (Allg. Zeitschr. fur Ent. viii. pp. 301-8 and 351-6). [Rhynchota.] . D. W. Coquintertr, 1908: ‘‘ The Genera of the Dipterous Family Empidide, with notes of New Species” (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. pp. 245-72). Rup. Einpuicu, 1902: ‘‘Die Aussichten fur die Bekimp- fung des Texasfiebers und der Tsetsekrankheit’’ (Der Tropenpflanzer, vi. pp. 269-85). [Diptera, &ce.] Cart Borner, 1908: ‘Hine neue im weiblichen Geschlecht flugel und halterenlose Sciariden-gattung, nebst Bemer- kungen tuber die Segmentierung des Hinterleibes der Dipterenweibchen” (Zool. Anzeiger, xxvi. pp. 495-504, text-figs. 1-7). 15. 16. 1 if (¢ ES: oe 20. 21. 28. 29. W. GEEsT, E. Fiscuer, 1903: CURRENT NOTES. 73 1903: ‘‘Neue Schmetterlings-Aberrationen ” (Allg. Zeitschr. fur Entom. viil. pp. 808-13, text-figs. 1-5). { Lepidoptera. ] P. Bacumersev, 1903: ‘‘ Uber die Anzahl der Augen auf der Unterseite der Hinterflugel von Epinephele jurtina, L.” (Allg. Zeit. fur Ent. viii. pp. 253-6). [Lepidoptera.] “Lepidopterologische Experimental- Forschungen”’ (Allg. Zeit. f. Ent. viii. pp. 221-8 with 42 text-figs., pp. 269-83 with 11 text-figs., and 356-68). G. Uumer, 1908: “Uber das Woehuencen von Krallen an den Bienen einiger Trichopteren-Puppen” (Allg. Zeit. f. Ent. viii. pp. 261-5, text-figs. 1-8). [Lepidoptera.] H. Friese, 1903: “Uber eine Koloniebildung bei der Mor- telbiene (Hym. ) (Chalicodoma muraria, Retz.|” (Allg. Zeit. f. Ent. viii. pp. 315-5, with a text- fig.). EK. Wasmann, 1908: “Zum Mimicrytypus der Dorylinen- giste” (Zool. Anzelg. xxvi. pp. 581-90). [Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. | Srewarr Srocxman, 1903: “On a Plague of Grasshoppers in the Central Provinces” (The Agric. Ledger, Calcutta, x. pp. 55-85, text-figs.). . A. N. Caupe.u, 1908: (Orthoptera.] ‘Notes on the Nomenclature of Blat- tide ”’ (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. pp. 232-4). [Orthoptera. ] . Aueust Buscx, 1908: ‘“Notes on Brackenridge Clemens ‘Types of Tineina’”’ (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. pp. 181- 220). (Lepidoptera. | . Artour M. Lea, 1908: “Rep. of Govt. Entom.,” Chief Inspector of Stock Rep. for 1902, Parlt. of Tasmania (no. 32), pp. 10-12. . W. W. Froaeart, 1908: ‘* The [Principally Rhynchota. |] White Ant City” (Agr. Gaz. N. 8. Wales, pp. 726-30, plate, and 7 text-figs.). (Neuroptera.] . L. Zenntner, 1908: coffee, Nietner) ; Orthocraspeda trima, Moore” Salatiga Bul. 2, pp. 1-28, pl. i.). . W.:H. Hagers, 1908: (a) De Zeuzeraboorder (Zeuzera (9) Een Rupsenplaag veroorzakt door (Proefstation voor Cacao te { Lepidoptera. | ‘‘The Dentition of the Diptera” (Journ. Quekett Mier. Club, pp. 389-98, 1 plate). I. TrigArpu, 1903: Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Dipteren- Larven, 1. Zur Anatomie, &c., der Larve von Ephydra riparia (Arkiv for Zool. 1. pp. 1-42, 4 plates). H. Scuoutspgn, 1903: Note Complémentaire sur les Aphido- cécidies paléarctiques (Marcellia, 11. pp. 91-9). [Rhyn- chota. | (To be continued.) 74 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. A FORTNIGHT IN MID-NORTHUMBERLAND. By J. ARKLE. A more extended list of insects than the following could doubtless be obtained in Mid-Northumberland in the latter half of August, provided the weather conditions were more favourable than those for that period in 1908. But records from the county, under any circumstances, appear to be so rare, that the species forming the subject of these remarks may, possibly, be of general interest. I took the long cross-country railway-ride from Ches- ter on the morning of the 14th of August, and reached Morpeth, on the river Wansbeck, late in the afternoon. Here I stayed for the night, and then went on next day by the Wansbeck Valley Railway to the hotel at Scots Gap, which I had already fixed upon as my chief quarters. The day was one of fierce wind and rain storm; but, next morning, I began my list of captures by taking a fine female Boarmia repandata as it rested low down on a wayside beech trunk. It is paler in general coloration, and less distinctly marked, than the Cheshire examples I have seen, and particularly so when compared with the dark, richly marked Delamere form. From this female I obtained about a hundred eggs, which hatched September 4th; and the larve, evidently night-feeders, are now (January 7th) hybernating and doing well. The district I had visited to spend a fortnight in is composed of rolling and often well-wooded uplands, with extensive moors covered by coarse grass or heather, the heather being at the time in all the purple glory of fullest bloom. Here and there the moors rise in stately slopes, and terminate in abrupt, tum- bled, blackened, and overhanging crags of coarse, pebbly millstone grit. Shaftoe Crags would be three or four miles to the south of my hotel; Simonside Hills eight miles to the north; Rothley Crags about two to the north-east; and Wannie’s Crags about eight to the south-west as the crow flies; the whole enclosing the upper part of the Wansbeck basin. Nestling on the upward slope of Wannie’s Crags is Sweethope Lake, where the river takes its rise. Beyond Simonside Hills is Rothbury, on the river Coquet, and west of Wannie’s Crags is Bellingham, on the North Tyne—two small country towns which each command a ten miles’ view of the border range of the Cheviots. There were many evidences, other than insect life, of the retarded appear- ance of things in this north-country district. Lime and elder trees, for example, were just coming into bloom. August 17th was a fine sunny day, and was spent on Shaftoe Crags. Here I took my first Larentia cesiata, a fine female, resting on some white-blossomed heather. This moth had a distinct green tinge, which has not yet altogether disappeared. Other insects were L. didymata, two or three Cidaria rugsata, A FORTNIGHT IN MID-NORTHUMBERLAND. 75 Crambus culmellus, and Chareas graminis. The last-named spe- cies was common everywhere in the pastures leading up to the moor, resting among and creeping about the grass. At Rothley Crags, on the 19th, L. cesiata was plentiful enough. C.culmellus, C. tristellus, Aphelia osseana, and the pretty Amphisa gerningana were common moths. I came upon a female C. associata = dotata at rest upon the heather. ‘This was the only locality were I found A. gerningana, and it was certainly plenti- ful. Flying lazily, and in numbers whenever the sun broke out, was a curious-looking coal-black dipteron. This has been iden- tified as Bibio marci; and the sight of it, with its easy aerial motions, and trailing its long russet and black legs behind it, was something very odd. In size this insect is a little larger than our common housefly, but with very much longer legs. The wings are also longer. At dusk I netted a fresh C. prunata = ribesiaria in a garden. At Bellingham I found the moors in the neighbourhood apparently destitute of insect life at this time of the year. On the 21st, on a piece of rough grassy ground near the railway- station, and covered with knapweed, scabious, galium, St. John’s wort, harebells, yarrow, and thistles, all in full bloom, I netted Pieris rape, P. napi, a chipped Lycena icarus = alexis, several Eubolia limitata = mensuraria, as well as a lot of Scopula lutealis. The last-mentioned occurred by every roadside in the district. One of the limitata, a male, is a very dark insect, and almost unicolorous. Hareshaw Linn is a fine waterfall at the top of a lovely wooded glen abcut a mile or so from the town. Here my captures were only one P. napi, two Hypsipetes sordidata — elutata (both dark insects, and one of them almost unicolorous), and I. didymata. But I could not help thinking what a fine locality this must be earlier in the summer. Netting at dusk only showed a solitary C. pyraliata; and in my comfortable hotel, redolent with the scent of sweet peas, I found a Caradrina quad- ripunctata — cubicularis at rest on one of the windows. 1 only saw a single caterpillar in all the fortnight—a full-fed Notodonta ziczac, on sallow. At Wannie’s Crags, on the 24th, LZ. cesiata was most abun- dant. The moth, throughout the district, is more clearly marked with waved and almost black strie—on an almost white ground —than examples I have taken in North Wales. I have met with the same distinctly-marked form on the Cumberland hills. In two of the Wannie’s specimens the median band across the fore wings is sooty black, and unicolorous except for the smallest possible indication of the grey blotch close to the costal margin. The males of L. didymata on these crags have an ochreous tinge, and the females, throughout the whole district, appear to be very pale in coloration, and similar in this respect to those on Clougha Pike, North Lancashire. I met swarms of the black 76 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. dipteron (B. marci) sailing above the heather; and the common Crambide, already referred to, occurred on the low boggy ground at the foot of the rocks. This weird and lonely spot very likely saw an entomological net that day for the first time. A more desolate lake than that under the curious misnomer of Sweethope can hardly be imagined; nothing but heaving, heather-clad moors about, with a few dwarf trees at the east end, evidently imported, and dragging on a miserable existence. An east breeze set in, and the only insect that would then condescend to fly was the caddis- fly, Limnophilus lunatus. The pale lunule on the outer margin of each upper wing, together with the mark- ings generally, are darker and more clearly defined than in our Hatchmere specimens (Delamere Forest). At Rothbury, Aug. 26th, the weather was so thoroughly broken up that I saw no insects except L. didymata and a few dark Bryophila perla sitting on the stone walls; and I was glad to get back to my quarters at Scots Gap. Ina pine wood’hard by I netted, one evening (the 25th) a male Ellopia prosapiaria = fasciaria, but the nights throughout my stay were too cold for either sugaring or sport with the net, and I was not sorry to get back to Chester on the 29th, and more within the influence of the Gulf Stream. Only once did I meet with an irate gamekeeper. As to my doings with the net, he assured me “‘naething disturbed game sae much as gannin aboot like that.” The only thing I had disturbed was a fox from its lair among the rocks, and, after all, the keeper and I parted on friendly terms with each other. On one or two of the localities named, however, intending visitors will do well to get a permit from the owners. I had a good look through the collection of the late Mr. Edward Pearson, of Wallington. The collection, if secured for the benefit of future lepidopterists in the neighbourhood, and placed under care in the adjoining village institute, would form a valuable work of illustration and reference for this part of Northumberland. The following list is a personal note of some of the species in Mr. Pearson’s collection which had been taken in the fertile valleys or on the extensive moorlands of the district :— Colias edusa. Occasional at Middleton. Epinephele hyperanthus. Almost black; white fringes on all the wings. Cianasiaaha typhon = davus. Not such a good form, I thought, as that taken in Delamere Forest (Cheshire) and in North Lancashire. (Vanessa antiopa. A specimen used to be in the collection of Mr. Hedley, of Wallington. Another was nearly captured by Mr. Pearson and others.) Acherontia atropos. Belsay; South Middleton. Sphina convolvuli. Close Houses; Wallington; Mr. Pearson’s garden. NEW CULICIDA FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. OF Deilephila galii. Six; Mr. Pearson’s garden.—D. livornica. One; Humshaugh, near Hexham. Cherocampa porcellus. One; Mr. Pearson’s garden. Macroglossa stellatarum. Numerous; Wallington. Lasiocampa quercus. Numerous; moorland ; onea fine dark female. Saturnia carpini. Numerous, and very fine; moorland. Spilosoma mendica. Numerous. Plusia bractea, P. festuce, and P. iota.—P. pulchrina. Numerous, and very dark. Xylophasia rurea. Ground colour of upper wings pale grey ; mark- ings as usual, and distinct; a fine form. Euclidia mi and FE. glyphica. Numerous. Uropteryx sambucaria. », third abdominal segment, enlarged. 7. Cossus cossus, Imaginal wing neuration, nat. size. 8. Culama expressa, ,, Ss - enlarged. 9. + 3 Fore wing anal nervure about one-third from base, showing enclosed vein and subsidiary veins which ramify through the wings, x 400. 10. 5 RS $ antennal segment, x 200. 11. ” ) 2 ” ” x 400. 12. Phragmatacina arundinis, transitional antennal segment, x 400. 18. Cossus cossus, 3 transitional antennal segment, laterally, x 80. Ik Ses a dS e A os transverse, X 80. 15. Prionowystus robinie 2 transitional antennal segment, x 200. Note.—Fig. 8 has really somewhat stouter nervures than should be the case. ‘Tortricids are very fine, and difficult to examine there- fore ; also the two inner anal nervures of the hind wings should be a little wider spaced. CURRENT NOTES. By G. W. KirKaupy. (Continued from p. 73.) F. M. Webster concludes (1) that “‘ Lucrative prices for dairy products stimulate dairying; this increases the area of timothy meadows, and tends to their continuance for a series of con- secutive years. ‘his increases the abundance of” Blissus leu- copterus {Rhynchota| and Sphenophorus parvulus |{Coleoptera] , ‘‘and consequently the magnitude of their ravages.”’ The same author deals (2) with the diffusion of North American insects, principally Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. L. Bruner makes a powerful plea (8) for the protection of birds, not only from a humane point of view, but as a contribution to economic en- tomology. He calculates that the estimated 75 millions of birds in Nebraska require, at a very low estimate, 1875 millions of insects for each day’s rations—that is, roughly, 15,625 bushels of insects. ‘‘ Birds, like all other animals, feed upon that food which CURRENT NOTES. 99 is most readily obtained, hence the insectivorous kinds destroy those insects which are most numerous—the injurious species.” T. W. Kirk (4) relates experiments on Coccide, and notices of the wharf borer (the Coleopteron Nacerdes melanura), the rest of the extensive report being occupied with fungous diseases, &c. W. W. Froggatt (5) notices the weevils and moths that damage foodstuffs. The paper of N. A. Cobb (6) is concerned principally with fungous diseases, but refers to the exciting causes of Stigmo- nose, &e., being the punctures of Coccide, Aphide, Thysano- ptera, &c. (pp. 694-704). De la Torre Bueno (7) has presented us with the first modern account of the metamorphoses and habits of a Naucorid; he finds that the oval instar lasts about twenty-four days, the five nympal about fifty, while the adult may under favourable con- ditions live for over a year; oviposition seems to be continuous during the summer. The paper is a distinct advance in our knowledge. W. W. Froggatt (8) gives descriptions and notices of the habits, &c., of the Australian Cicadide, with a bibliography of the literature. This, like all Froggatt’s papers, is of high value, but he is the victim of his publishers in the detestable manner in which his papers are presented. The original source of the present contribution is ‘Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales,’ xiv. pp. 884-41, and 418-25, published in April and May respectively of this year. It is republished, however, as a miscellaneous publication ‘“‘of the Department of Agriculture, N. S. Wales,” pp. 1-15, without any proper indication of its original source. The plates and woodcuts also are never numbered. It is to be hoped that Mr. Froggatt will use his influence to have these publications brought into line with modern methods. When discussing Miss Nawa’s paper on ‘‘ A Parasitic Moth ” (Entom. xxxvi. 180), I was unaware of Dyar’s notice of a lepi- dopterous larva on a leafhopper (9). This larva was found firmly attached to the dorsal surface of the abdomen, under the wings, of a species of Issus (near auroreus, Uhler) from New Mexico. Nawa’s paper was further discussed by Dyar (10), who thought that Epipyrops might be a true parasite after all. Reh gives the first two instalments (11) of what promises to be a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the Coccide of the northern and central portions of Europe. To Coquillett (12) we are indebted for ‘‘an attempt to settle the type species of each North American and European genus of Empidide, and to bring some kind of system out of the present confused condition into which the genera of this family have fallen.’’ The well- known genus Mantipeza is replaced by Chelifera, Rhamphomyia by Macrostomus, Sciodromia by Heleodromia, Syneches by Acro- myia, and Cyrtoma by Bicellaria. Endlich (18) discusses, with copious biblioSraphical references, the fight against Texas fever and the Tsetse sickness. Borner (14) describes a new genus of 100 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Sciaride from Sicily, in which the female is without wings and halteres ; the segmentation of the abdomen in female Diptera is also discussed at some length. Geest (15) describes aberrations of a number of butterflies, with figures of aberrations of Melitea cinxia, Argynnis aglaia, Acronycta rumicis, Apatura clytie, and Argynnis levana. Bach- metjev (16) gives an account of the number of ‘‘eyes”’ on the under side of the hind wings in a quantity of Hpinephele jurtina captured in Sophia. Fischer provides (17) the third part of his experiments on temperature variations, dealing in this principally with the Vanessines. Ulmer notes the occurrence of claws on the tarsi of trichopterous pupz (18). Friese (19) describes a colony of mason-bees, with a figure of a mass of rock with about one hundred and eighty nests of the species in question; while Wasmann deals with the guests of the Doryline ants (20). Stockman (21) reports on a plague of Acrydiwm succinctum and @ruginosum in the Central Provinces of India, methods taken for the protection of the crops, experiments with fungi, hatching observations, &c.; Caudell (22) criticises the recent papers of Rehn and Krauss, and correctly—in final effect through scarcely in detail of working—declares orientalis to be the type of Blatta; Blattella is proposed instead of the preoccupied Phyllodromia for germanica. Busck contributes notes (23) on the tineid types of Clemens, based on the discovery of a box found in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia; one hundred and ninety-two out of the two hundred species of Clemens have now been identified, and five more are known with certainty from the descriptions, leaving only three at present unknown. Lea (24) is convinced that, although the San José scale was first officially reported from Tasmania two years ago, it is not now, and never will be probably, a serious pest in Tasmania. Froggatt contributes a ‘Nature Study” on Termes lacteus (25). 4ehntner discusses at some length the life-history of the coffee-borer (Zeuzera), a pest to cacao in Java, its) metamor- phoses, habits, and enemies; also of another lepidopterous cacao pest, Orthocraspeda trima. Figures in all stages are given of these two forms (26). The dentition of the Diptera is discussed by Harris (27); the anatomy and development of the larva of Ephydra, a dipteron, is considered at some length by Tragardh (28). Schouteden supplements (29) his list of aphid galls already noticed in the ‘ Entomologist’ (1908, pp. 287 and 262). (To be continued.) 101 DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW CETONID BEETLES FROM BRITISH EAST AFRICA. By HA. Hara, M.D.) &.L.8. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. C@LORRHINA CORNUTA, sp.n. (fig. 2). Head and frontal horn red. Pronotum and scutellum shining brown-green, iridescent; lateral and anterior margins of pronotum, lateral, posterior, and sutural margins of elytra raised, piceous. The head is anteriorly prolonged into an oblong channel-like process, with a lateral tooth on each side, and a terminal bilobed ear-shaped process turned upward. Length of head and horn, 44 lines. At the base of the head are two lateral, curved horns, pointing forward and down- wards, 24 lines in length. The elytra are shining, pale yellowish brown ; at the base and apex of each elytron near external margin is a dark brown spot. Elytra, scutellum, and thorax finely punctured. Body beneath dark olivaceous green, somewhat coarsely punctured. Abdomen with an obscure central longitudinal reddish-brown fascia. Legs reddish brown; apices of femora and the tarsi black; a thick fringe of light brown hair on the under side of front femora, a fringe of light brown hair on the posterior tibie, and on the yellowish pygidium. Long. 16 lines; max. lat. 7 lines. Hab. Uganda, British East Africa. 102 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. EKUDICELLA IMMACULATA, Sp. Nn. (fig. 1). Basal half of head, pronotum, scutellum, epimera of mesothorax, and pygidium dark olive-green, thickly and finely punctured; lateral margins of pronotum raised, smooth, and shining. The head is pro- longed into three shining mahogany-coloured horns, the central horn being bifurcate, pointed, 6 lines in length, curving upward; the lateral horns about 14 lines. The elytra are shining, pale yellowish brown, and spotless. The sutural margins and body beneath are of the same dark green colour, the last finely punctured. The mesosternum spar- ingly covered with light yellow hair; the upper part of sternal process thickly covered with yellow hair. The legs are bright shining mahogany coloured; the tarsi bright shining black; the front femora has a thick fringe of light brown hair on the under side; there is also a slight fringe of the same coloured hair on the pygidium. The front tibiz in the male are smooth on the outer side, but have seven or eight teeth on the inner side. The female is the same in every respect, except the horns and the front tibia, which are smooth on the inner side, but have three teeth on the outer side. Long. 17 lines; max. lat. 10 lines. Hab. Uganda, British East Africa. Closely allied to H. smithi, but differing in having a more finely punctured thorax and elytra, the pygidium green, and the elytra spotless ; the pygidium in smithi is red. 114, Ebury Street, Eaton Square, S.W. TWELVE MONTHS’ WORK AMONG THE DRAGON- FLIES OF SURREY AND HAMPSHIRE. By H. T. Dosgon, F.E.S. Finpvine Lepidoptera very scarce during the summer of 1902, I decided to try my fortune among the Odonata, with the result that I captured, between September, 1902, and September, 1903, no less than twenty-six species out of the thirty-nine given for Great Britain by Mr. J. W. Lucas in his excellent work on ‘ British Dragonflies,’ published in 1900. Thinking there must be many readers of the ‘ Entomologist’ who, like myself, are deeply interested in this important and splendid group of the Neuroptera, I venture to offer the following notes. I shall consider the species according to the classified order used by Mr. Lucas, quite disregarding the rotation of my cap- tures. Of the five species belonging to the genus Sympetrum, I took but two, viz. striolatum and scoticum. My first capture of the former was on August 8th, at the Black Pond, Esher, and I continued during 1908 to take it until the middle of October. I DRAGONFLIES OF SURREY AND HAMPSHIRE. 103 also found the species in fine condition in the New Forest on September 30th, but the best dark forms I took in September, 1902, at Freshwater. It was at the Black Pond, Esher, that I first captured S. scoticum ; it was fluttering about in the immature state on July 21st. A series quickly fell to my net. I found it, however, a far more difficult insect to take in the New Forest on September 30th, when it was in a perfect condition ; I also saw it flying in com- pany with S striolatum at Wisley late in October. With regard to the genus Libellula, I took or saw both depressa and quadrimaculata at Esher on June 1st; of the former I captured a splendid long series at Rhinefield on June 8th. Although the latter species was also common near Brockenhurst, yet my best success came from Esher, where on June 29th I took a beautifully suffused variety. The commonest dragonfly to be seen in the New Forest during the second week in June, 1903, was Orthetrum cerulescens ; it flew in thousands on the heaths in the vicinity of the bogs. Of the beautiful Cordulia enea, I captured a male and female in the hot sunshine on June 1st. A week later I found the species flying commonly close to Brockenhurst, but, although many specimens were netted, I only succeeded in taking one female. Of the somewhat rare Gomphus vulgatissimus, I took three males, the result of searching for it in the New Forest on June 8th and 9th. On the first of these dates I also caught flying in com- pany .with it two males of Cordulegaster annulatus ; 1 may add that I took a female of the latter species on September 17th, 1903, at Sidmouth, which appears to be much later than any date re- corded for the insect. A grander and more powerful dragonfly than C. annulatus is Anax imperator ; this was flying commonly in the New Forest early in June. When the sun was shining it was certainly diffi- cult to catch, but on the dull days (and we had plenty) my son and I caught between forty and fifty, from which I selected what I required, and then gave the others their liberty. While en- caged in this interesting amusement my son took an example of Brachytron pratense flying round a pond. I now pass on to the genus ./¥schna. Of the six British species comprised in this group, I have taken mixta, cyanea, and grandis. Mizxta, although much smaller than either of the other two, is far more difficult to catch. After trying for several days at Freshwater, I succeeded, on September 18th, 1902, in taking two males. A couple of days later I saw another of these lovely flies, but could not capture it: I-have not seen the species since. A much larger insect is 4. cyanea. I look upon it as the commonest representative of the genus, and comparatively easy to capture. It made its appearance at New Malden towards 104 THE ENTOMOLOGIST, the end of July in 1903, but I took the species perfectly fresh at Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, on September 3rd. I also captured nine males flying over a pond in a brickfield at Brockenhurst on September 26th; three of these were splendid brown forms (no doubt due to age). All were taken between half-past four and five o’clock, when the lengthening shadows from the trees had almost covered the water; still there was one corner where the sun could be seen, and here I had no trouble in securing cyanea. Although 4%. grandis flies late in the day, and is often very busy during a shower, yet I have never found it fall so easy a victim to the net as cyanea. I first saw grandis last year at Esher on July 21st; later on I took several there, and also secured the Species upon two occasions at Byfleet Canal. I now wish to refer to those two brilliant dragonflies that be- long to the genus Calopteryx. It was my pleasure to get both virgo and splendens ; virgo was flying commonly in Brockenhurst and surrounding neighbourhood when I was there in June, but lovely splendens was not to be seen in the locality. I first took the last named species at Guildford on June 18th, but, as it was only just emerging, I waited till July 10th, which was about the hottest day we had last year; then, having made my way to Byfleet Station, I walked about two miles to a little stream. Here I secured a nice series, flying along the edge of a corn- field ; one of the females shews no signs of possessing the usual pterostigma. Of the remaining twelve species of the Agrionide, I succeeded in securing eleven, Lestes dryas being the one that eluded my search. However, to take them in order, I obtained a series of L. sponsa in the New Forest in July. I caught but a single specimen of Platycnemis pennipes on Ockham Common on July 10th. I also met with Hrythromma naias upon one occasion only, when I took a few flying over the Byfleet Canal on July 25th. The two crimson-bodied dragonflies which belong to the genus Pyrrhosoma were to be taken throughout June, July, and part of August at the Black Pond, Esher; but as I suppose entomologists must have met these many times, I will pass on to the rare Ischnura pumilio. I am glad to report that I took this on June 6th at a bog in the New Forest. It was Mr. Lucas’s capital work that enabled me to identify this from the commoner species I. elegans, which I caught at the same time and in the same place. I[ shouldadd that I found elegans in many districts, but perhaps nowhere was it so common as in Richmond Park, a light red variety being almost as numerous as the type. On July 4th I put one of this variety in a glass-top box with a normal coloured specimen. On the following morning the typical elegans was very frisky, but the whole of the body of the variety had vanished, the survivor having devoured it. Although I captured our three species of Agrion, yet I only A ‘‘BUTTERFLY SUMMER” IN ASIA MINOR. 105 obtained single examples of pulchellwm and mercuriale, the former from the banks of the Byfleet Canal on July 25th, and the latter at Brockenhurst in the early part of June. I found puella com- monly in the New Forest on June 8th; I also took it in the neighbourhood of Byfleet on July 10th. I have now but one more species to say a few words about, viz. Hnallagma cyathigerum, and I imagine that this beautiful blue-bodied dragonfly is the commonest of the Agrionidx. It was in great evidence at the Black Pond, Esher, on June Ist, and I found plenty of them each time I visited the locality up to September. I could also have taken any quantity at the lakes in Richmond Park in July. Adverting to the question of preserving the colours of this and species of the genus Agrion, I have certainly not yet succeeded to my satisfaction. I have tried several methods, and shall continue to try, for if there could only be obtained results as good as I have had with the larger species, I think no one need say, ‘‘I do not collect dragonflies because they lose their colours.”’ Ivy House, New Malden, Surrey: Feb. 13th, 1904. A “BUTTERFLY SUMMER” IN, ASIA MINOR. By Maraaretr E. Founraine, F.E.S. (Continued from p. 84.) But I do not think on the whole I had much to complain of; the climate was as near perfection as anything could well be; for without that intense arid heat of the more southern countries I have visited, every morning in June, almost without exception, was gloriously fine, and the violent thunderstorms and heavy rain, which not infrequently came on in the afternoon, were as soon over as they were violent while they lasted, and a calm starlit night, with summer lightning quivering over the distant mountains, would invariably be succeeded by the dawning of another day, bringing with it that miracle of loveliness—a sum- mer morning in the south; while, in consequence of these occasional downpours, the country remained fresh and green, and fruit of every kind was in the most amazing abundance everywhere. On July 10th I left Amasia for Tokat, two days’ journey farther inland. It was on my way there that I met with the only really unpleasant experience I ever did during all the time I was in Asia Minor, This was with some Circassians in a wayside khan. ‘The Circassians are all robbers!’ was the verdict I had heard passed upon them, and I suppose they thought a lady 106 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. travelling alone with her courier would be an easy prey. But in this they found they were mistaken. There were some five or six of them, and the driver of my yiley (a brute I would like to have kicked many a time had I been a man) was evidently in league with these Circassians. Bersa behaved splendidly, as he always did, and I instinctively felt that the principal thing was to show no fear; neither did I feel any, for I knew they were cowards—all Circassians are—and to be met with courage, especially in a woman, would be the only way to get the better of them. But it was not till Bersa, at my bidding, had given them to understand that, as I was related to the British Consul at Constantinople, they would get into more serious trouble than they perhaps anticipated, that they gave in, sneaking away one after the other, till I was allowed to go on my way unmolested, without having relieved my purse of so much as one metelik. The weather was now intensely hot, and during this journey I slept on the roofs of the khans, amongst the storks’ nests, with nothing above me but star-strewn sky, and in the pale dawn it was wonderful to wake up, maybe to see the dark outline of a stork close by, standing on one leg beside his nest, or to hear the muffled, measured tread and clanging bells of a long line of heavily-laden camels passing along the dusty road below. I once counted one hundred and fifteen of these animals in one drove, to say nothing of the diminutive donkey at intervals, who leads each detachment, generally ridden by one of the drivers. We passed many of these caravans of camels, laden with grain and other produce, on their way from the interior to the coast, and sometimes it would be a long line of some thirty or forty bullock- waggons, frequently drawn by big patient buffaloes, who always looked hot and thirsty, and as if they were longing to be lying down in some stream or river-bed, as they so loved to do when- ever they got the chance. The wheels of these waggons were apparently never oiled, so that as each one creaked on a different note, the discordant and almost deafening noise they produced is better imagined than heard, and I often knew when a troop of the clumsy vehicles was coming by these fearful sounds at some considerable distance off. I soon found out that it was difficult to work the neighbour- hood of Tokat: the mountains were high, and for the most part barren ; there were very few of those lovely sunny glades and flower-strewn valleys which made the neighbourhood of Amasia so delightful. Also the country was by no means so safe as round that much favoured vicinity; indeed, for a long expedition I was obliged to take a zaptieh, which was however, | believe, quite a necessary evil. There was a lovely pine forest three or four hours’ ride from where I was staying, through which wound the Old Sivas Road, but I never saw such apparently splendid collecting-ground in the month of July with so little to be got bf A ‘‘BUTTERFLY SUMMER” IN ASIA MINOR. 107 there. It is true that I found here the only EHrebia I ever saw in Asia Minor, but it was nothing but a fine form of EH. ethiops,— I suppose var. melusina, which appeared to me to be almost typical. I had much hoped to come across Chrysophanus thetis, which does not occur at Amasia, but this is an insect which has always evaded me, and at Tokat it did so again. I never saw a sign of it. This place was at least a month behind Amasia, though the difference of altitude was insignificant, but I was told by my hostess (a German lady married to an Armenian) that strong winds blew here constantly throughout the summer, and this year they seemed to have had an unusual amount of rain during the month of June, so perhaps that in some measure accounted for my finding Lycena loéwiit and L. damone var. carmon still in perfect condition, whereas both these species had been practically over at Amasia before the middle of June. L. var. menalcas was only just beginning, and L. hopfferi did not appear at all. At the end of a week my kind hostess had, I am sorry to say, been taken so seriously ill that I felt myself obliged to leave, so I returned to Amasia to await Satyrus geyert. I got back in two days; this time without any adventures. The second day I travelled in company with a Turkish gentleman, who was travelling on a tour of inspection. He had many plans for the future respecting his native country, and was most sanguine that, in a year or two at most, the road from Sivas to Samsoun would be in such an improved condition, and with all the bridges in such a high state of preservation, that a diligence would be able to perform the journey thither in two days, instead of six or seven as at present. May his hopes be realized; but the Turkish Government is not encouraging to these progressive spirits, who must exist greatly to their own perpetual sorrow and constant mortification when born in Turkey. I first caught Satyrus geyeri, July 25th, on the rock-strewn plateau on the top of the Lokman: here it soon became ex- tremely abundant, and with Bersa’s assistance I easily captured altogether from one hundred and fifty to two hundred specimens ; for Bersa had become quite an expert in the use of the net, and collected admirably, also showing some considerable ability in learning to distinguish the different species. One can never be too thankful to have escaped being mixed up with with anything of the nature of a fool! As soon as August was in I could feel that the season was on the wane. The green flowery valleys were now dried up, and full of prickly grass-stalks and seeds; and the tired earth, no longer throbbing and palpitating with the supreme effort to reproduce, now lay parched and languid beneath the scorching rays of the August sun; ‘‘ bad specimens” became all too common amongst the Lycenide, the Satyrus, even geyert, were 108 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. getting more and more chipped and worn, and though the second brood of Chrysophanus ochimus was just beginning, I began to feel at last that I could not put up with living “a la Turea’’ any longer. So I hired one yiley and one saddle-horse and started for the coast. This proved to be a capital arrangement, as when I got tired of the jog-trot of the horse I retired into the yiley for an hour or two; and when the jolting of the yiley became unbear- able, Bersa dismounted and I rode the horse again. Towards the end of August and beginning of September I spent another fortnight at Broussa, hoping to make the ascent of Mount Olympus, which I attempted, but the weather was so hopelessly bad that day, that after reaching the second plateau I was obliged to retrace my steps, having seen nothing but dense clouds of vapour, and having got nothing except being drenched to the skin. And thus ended my summer in Asia Minor, a country of vast possibilities, not only for the collector of butterflies, but in many other ways as well, too numerous to mention. (To be continued.) NOTES ON THE OVA AND EARLY STAGE OF THE LARVA OF ACIDALIA EMUTARIA. By Aurrep Sic, F.E.S. In the Isle of Purbeck, on August 28th, 1901, I took a female Acidalia emutaria on or close to a plant of Galiwm palustre. During the next two days she laid several eggs, mostly in small sroups, on the sides of the chip-box in which she was confined. In shape the ovum may be likened to an elongated barrel, standing upright. The long (micropylar) axis measures 0°9 mm. ; the horizontal axes being about 0°4 mm., both being about equal. There are about two dozen ribs running up the walls of the egg, but they decrease, by concurrence, to about one dozen at the micropylar area. The interspaces, about double the width of the ribs, are broken up into oblong cells. The micropyle con- sists of about seven smaller and rounder cells lying below the points of the ribs, which terminate mostly just before reaching the micropylar area. In colour the ova were pale ochreous for the first twenty-four hours ; afterwards, to the unaided eye, they assumed a pink tinge. By aid of a strong lens this tint was seen to be due to the appearance of numerous crimson rings and blotches. On September 10th I noticed the ova were lead-coloured, and the next day two larve hatched. The bulk came out on the NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA. 109 12th, and the remainder on the 18th. The larve were very long and slender, and must have rested in the egg coiled like a wire- spring. I had no opportunity of making a description of them, but noticed the very curious thick club-shaped hairs with which many of the tubercles were furnished. Having no marsh-bedstraw (Galium palustre) at hand, I fed the larve on knotgrass. This, strange to say, they preferred quite fresh, in contrast to most other Acidalia larve, which seem to have a liking for rather dry food. I suggest that one of the natural food-plants of this species is the above mentioned Galiwm. None of this brood were reared, as I believe it was kept in too dry a condition. Corney House, Chiswick, Middlesex: March 5th, 1904. ON SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ‘HYMENOPTERA. By P. Cameron. CHALCIDIDA. OXYCORYHPUS, gen. nov. Antenne longish, the scape long; on the lower (almost) half it becomes gradually dilated, the end of the dilated part abrupt, forming a large sharply pointed tooth; the apical part becomes gradually, but not much, dilated; the pedicle longer than broad ; the third joint dis- tinetly longer than the fourth. Malar space as long as the eyes. Frontal depression narrow and widely distant from the ocelli. Temples very narrow, almost obsolete on the outer side. Mandibles bidentate. Scutellum large, as long as the mesonotum, narrowed towards tke apex, which is narrowed, slightly incised in the centre, and projecting over the metanotum, which is irregularly reticulated, and has two stout keels in the centre, forming a large area, extending from the base to the apex. Abdomen short, the basal segment nearly as long as the other segments united, sessile. Hind femora swollen, in- distinctly toothed. Submarginal vein long and narrow; the sub- costal vein long and narrow; the costa and radius short, thick, and forming almost one vein. The prothorax is nearly as long as the mesonotum ; the sides of the metapleure near the apex project; the base of the middle femora is broadly and much narrowed, compared with the apex, which has spurs. The antenne are eleven-jointed ; the last joint is as long as the preceding. On the base of the hinder femora, on the under side, is a broad rounded projection. The apical two joints of the antenne are closely united; the pedicle is bare, narrowed. The peculiar structure of the antennal scape makes the male of this genus easily recognized. Comes near to Stomatoceras, Kirby. ENTOM.—APRIL, 1904. L 110 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. OxycoRYHPUS PILOSELLUS, Sp. Nov. Black, densely covered with silvery pubescence ; the hinder femora, the greater part of the four anterior and their tibie, and the middle tarsi rufous ; the wings hyaline, the nervures fuscous, blackish at the apex. ¢. Length, 24 mm. Hab. Deesa (Nurse). Antenne nearly as long as the head and thorax united, the scape bare and shining, the flagellum opaque. Vertex and sides of front closely and distinctly punctured; the frontal depression smooth; the vertex only sparsely pilose; the rest of the head covered with long silvery hair, which hides the surface. Pro-, mesonotum, and scutellum closely and rather strongly punctured, the scutellum more strongly than the mesonotum. Metanotum irregularly reticulated ; the base with a central area of equal width, about three times longer than broad. Pleurse rugose; the apex of the meso- closely and distinctly striated. The second dorsal segment of the abdomen at the sides and the rest all over rather strongly punctured. Legs thickly covered with white pubescence. Ca@LocHALCc!s, gen. nov. Antenne situated half-way between the lower part of the eyes and the mouth. Front deeply and widely excavated to the front ocellus, the sides of the depression sharply keeled, and to a less extent above. Lower outer orbits sharply margined. Antennal scape short, not reaching to the ocelli; of equal width throughout; the pedicle not longer than broad, pilose; the other joints long ; the last longer than the penultimate, which is shorter than the preceding. Parapsidal furrows distinct, curved. Scutellum obtusely bidentate at the apex. Metanotum reticulated. Posterior femora not greatly dilated, not so thick as the coxe ; below without teeth; the middle coxe spined. Abdomen sessile. Subcostal vein long, reaching close to the middle of the wing; the costal short, about four times longer than wide, the radius very short, broader than long. Mandibles shortly bidentate. The abdomen is shorter than the thorax; its basal segment is as long as the other segments united; the sides of the median segment are not spined or toothed ; in its centre are two stout longitudinal keels ; the hinder femora are stoutly bordered on the apical half beneath. The antenne are shorter than the body ; the scape of the antenne is short, and does not reach to the ocelli; the pedicle is bare, broader than long; the first joint of the flagellum is slightly longer than the second. This species, as regards the position of the antenne, stands between Halticella and Chalcis, it being placed higher up than in the former, but not so high as in the latter. There are ten joints in the antenne ; the last is fully one-half longer than the ninth. It may be composed of more than one joint, but I cannot see any suture. Ca@LOCHALCIS CARINIFRONS, sp. NOV. Black, the mesonotum and scutellum covered with pale golden pubescence; the mandibles and palpi, the apex of the hinder coxe, NEW CULICIDH FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. 111 the femora and tibiw, red; the four anterior legs black, the apex of the femora, the base and apex of the tibie, and the tarsi rufo-testaceous ; the wings hyaline, the nervures black; the tegule red. ¢. Length, 4 mm. Hab. Sikkim. The antennal tubercles and the scape smooth and shining; the flagellum opaque. Face roundly convex, smooth and shining; the malar space opaque, closely punctured, margined in front and behind. Centre of the frontal depression closely, transversely striated. Pro-, mesonotum, and scutellum closely, uniformly punctured. Metanotum irregularly reticulated and striated on the sides of the central area. The depressed base of the mesopleure striated ; the rest irregularly, coarsely rugose; the metapleure irregularly reticulated. Third and following segments of the abdomen thickly covered with white pube- scence. (To be continued.) NEW CULICIDH FROM THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. By Frep. V. THeopaup, M.A. (Continued from p. 78.) DaNIELSIA ALBOTHNIATA, Leicester, n. sp. “Thorax with the anterior half scaled shiny silvery white, remainder brown, a lateral brown spot on each side of the silvery anterior area. Abdomen brown, with basal white bands. Hind legs broadly pale-banded basally ; fore and mid with indistinct pale bands to metatarsi and first tarsals. ‘9. Head black, with frosty tomentum; there is a bare line down the centre, with a few narrow-curved scales on either side of it; outside this behind, and in front between the eyes, the head is thickly clad with broad spatulate scales slightly brown-tinged ; there is an oblong spot, parallel with the orbital margin, of broad black scales, laterally white flat scales, then another small spot of black scales ; behind these are numerous upright forked scales, mostly black, with a few light brown ones. On the apex, between the eyes on either side, three bristles, light brown at the base, black at the apex, project forwards, more laterally there are three other bristles and then two. Antenne with the basal joint muddy with a dusky hue, clad with white scales on its inner surface; second joint muddy at its base, black at the apex, clad with longish black scales; remaining joints black, pale at the nodes, verticillate hairs black; silky white hairs on the internodes. Palpi four-jointed; the two first joints round and small ; the third joint somewhat swollen ; the fourth longer than the third ; fifth very minute and nipple-like, thickly covered with black scales with a few long black bristles. Proboscis covered with black scales, except for one-fourth its length in the middle, clad with creamy scales. L 2 112 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Clypeus rounded and black. Prothoracie lobes prominent, upper surface covered with broad white scales. Mesonotum dark brown; in front of the wing bases the mesonotum is entirely clad with long silky white scales, except for a small notch of bronzy scales on either side ; the white scaling has much the appearance of an inverted Y with a very thick stem, and there are white scales on the lateral margin ; at the root of the scutellum is a bare patch. On either side there are a few white narrow scales. The rest of the mesonotum is clad with bronzy narrow-curved scales. There are a row of bristles along the anterior margin of the mesonotum and over the roots of the wings. Scutellum yellowish-brown; central lobe clad with white and black narrow-curved scales; lateral lobes with white-curved scales. Scutellum bristles ochraceous. Metanotum dark brown. Wings of Culex type, clad with dark brown scales; the median scales rather long and narrow, lateral scales long and narrow with square ends. Fork-cells moderately long; first submarginal longer but scarcely narrower than second posterior, its base nearer base of wing; the stem about two- thirds the length of the cell. Supernumerary and mid cross-veins meet at an angle. Posterior cross-vein about three times its own length from mid cross-vein ; fringe scales black. Pleuree with seven patches of silvery white broad scales, arranged in two rows of three and one patch above the middle coxa. Metanotum dark umber brown. Legs with the coxe creamy, fore and mid legs pale yellowish covered with black spatulate scales, except the under surface of the femora which shows a line of white scales, the under side of the base of the tibia, the apex of the tibia, which is ringed with creamy yellow scales in the fore leg, and the base of the metatarsus, and the first tarsal joint which in both legs show a white band ; hind femora covered with black scales ; a ring of white scales, about one-third of the total length, extends round the whole circumference save for a narrow line on the dorsum; on the under surface of the apex some creamy yellow scale and a minute ring of the same placed just before the apex. Knee spot and under surface of tibia white scaled; a broad white band at the base of the metatarsus and first three tarsal joints. Fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate. There are some pale golden bristles on all the tibia. Abdomen covered with black scales with basal white bands which expand laterally into broad spots, especially large on the seventh and eighth segments. Segments beneath brown scaled, basally white banded. ‘““ o. Head black, frosted, clad almost entirely with broad white flat scales parted in the centre over the occiput, leaving a bare line of the black head showing broadest in front; laterally there is an oblong patch of black scales which may almost disappear if the head shrinks much in drying; more laterally still a round patch of black scales. Between the edge of the first patch and the orbital margin is a row of white narrow-curved scales; there are other narrow-curved scales on either side of the middle line just above the occipital foramen and a few on the vertex between the eyes. There are a moderate number of upright forked scales behind and a few inserted among the black scales of the most median of the two black patches ; they are dark brown in colour; there are five brown bristles on either side projecting forwards; in some specimens the median bristles are pale NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 1415 golden and white, and inwards more laterally there are three to five others. Antenne 15-jointed; the two last joints long and thin; basal joint dusky dark brown in the depression ; a few narrow-white scales on its internal face; remaining joints banded dark brown and white; the plumes dark silky brown tipped with white, except on segments seven to ten, where the plumes are pale yellowish brown. Proboscis black scaled. Palpi scarcely longer than the proboscis, black scaled, the two last joints clad with pale glistening white hairs; the brown lateral spots on the thorax smaller than the female. Wings scaly, less dense lateral scales being very few in number. Markings on the legs are similar to the female. Fore and mid ungues unequal, larger tooth biserrate. Dorsum of the eighth segment of the abdomen covered with pearly white scales, pale golden hairs dense laterally on all the segments.’’—(Leicester). Length 4:5 mm. Time of capture.—April. Habitat.—Kuala Lumpur, in bamboo jungle, Chang Road, five and three-quarter miles from town. Bred from larve. Observations. — This species resembles Stegomyia nivea, Ludlow, but can be at once told by the leg banding and by the squamose characters as not being a Stegomyia. The female specimen has three border-bristles to the mid lobe of the scutellum, a character chiefly noticeable in Aidine.—F. V. T. (To be continued.) NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Nympus or CorpuLEGasTeR ANNULATUS.— The Rev. J. E. Tarbat has sent me an empty nymph-case of the dragonfly Cordulegaster annu- latus, of which he found a number last summer about one hundred feet above Lake Derwentwater. They were by the side of the road next to the fell, which rose steeply. The nymph-cases were on the earth at the bottom of the hill—not on rushes or grass. The nymphs must have travelled some distance before disclosing the imago, for the nearest water was a small pond some one hundred yards away, on the other side of the road.—W. J. Lucas; Kingston-on-Thames. Burrerruies or France.—I should be much obliged if collectors who have visited districts in France other than Alps (Savoy, Basses, and Maritimes), Pyrenees, and Riviera, would send me lists of butter- flies (only), and dates if possible ; or refer me to local lists, other than British. Any such information will be most acceptable, and I will willingly pay postage, and take care of and return any books or on submitted to me.—H. Rownanp-Brown; Oxhey Grove, Harrow eald. E\PInEPHELE IDA var. ALBoMARGINATA, F'allou.—Mr, Verity’s reference (ante, p. 56) to the aberrant example of F/. ida, taken at Roquefavour in July, 1878, and described and figured by M. Fallou (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1883, p. 21, pl. i. figs. 2, a,b) reminds one of the parallel aberration 114 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. of FE. tithonus taken by Mr. Spindler in Sussex in 1897 (Entom. xxx. 253, fig.). Note on Zevuzera Evcatypt1.—A little while since, on going into my study, I was surprised to see, hanging down from one end of the table, what appeared at first sight to be a large spider’s web, but on closer examination proved to be a vast number of minute larve of this moth suspended by threads, which from their intermingling had formed a web. I was at a loss for some time to account for the ‘strange occurrence, but on reflection remembered that there was a female moth on a setting-board in the drying-cage standing on the table, which had laid a vast number of eggs before becoming quiescent. The colour of the larve was dark fawn, head black, with a few hairs projecting along the sides, and a greater number on the anal segment. Length,2 mm. They were extremely active, both when making pro- gress on a level surface, and when suspended over the edge of the table and letting themselves down by threads. The larve live for some three years or more in the trunks of the various species of Acacia (wattles), and attain to a length of from four to six inches, and as thick as one’s thumb; they are then of a rich cream-colour flushed with pink. By many bushmen they are considered a delicacy when roasted over a fire. It is unfortunate that ewcalypti was chosen as the specific name, as the larve never tunnel in any species of Hucalyptus. Their tunnels commence some distance up the trunk of a tree, and are pushed down towards the roots. Sometimes they extend below the surface of the ground. When a larva is ready to pupate, a large cocoon covered with sawdust-like fragments of wood is formed. When ready to emerge, the pupa works itself towards the opening of the tunnel by means of its strong deflected spines, then pushes itself half out of the burrow. The perfect insect then emerges, generally during the night. The female perhaps remains on the tree-trunk until a male comes along, when copulation takes place. The minute yellowish- white eggs are thrust, by means of the female’s long rigid ovipositor, into nooks and crannies in the bark all over the tree. The damage done to the timber of the various species of Acacia is something enormous. It is hardly possible to find a tree that has outgrown the sapling stage without one or more—most frequently more—tunnels formed by the larve of this moth. The scarcity of natural enemies accounts for the ravages of these larve ; there are no woodpeckers to lessen their numbers; parasitic flies and natural causes are practically the only enemies they have to contend against. Hach female lays a prodigious number of eggs. — Franx M. Lirrter ; Launceston, Tas- mania. Urticatinc Errects or Larvan Hams.—I have read with much interest the notes that have appeared from time to time on this subject, but have never until quite recently had any ill-effects from the very many cocoons of all species of moths that I have handled. A few days since I had occasion to move some two or three dozen cocoons of the moth Dacala acuta (one of the Liparide) from one box to another. Not anticipating any ill-effects, I handled them as freely as is my usual custom. Shortly after I had finished my forearms began to smart and tingle; on rolling back my sleeves I found them, from NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 115 wrists to elbows, covered with small hard white lumps about + in. in diameter, and highly inflamed all round. In a short while the pain was intense; eau de cologne was applied, but with no effect; vinegar was then tried, with the result that in a few hours the pain had given place to a feeling of irritation. Next day the lumps had subsided, and appeared as angry red spots beneath the skin. It was some days before they disappeared altogether. ‘The only place I was affected on the hands was between the fingers; it is a great wonder to me that my face and neck escaped. As is perhaps well known, the larve of D. acuta are very hairy, the greater part of which hair finds its way to the surface of the cocoon; it is then brown in colour, and broken quite small, and at the slightest provocation flies like dust. Some- times, after handling the cocoons of this moth, I have had my fingers covered with the short barb-like hairs sticking into the skin.—Franx M. Lirrter ; Launceston, Tasmania. Two Questions or Generic Homonymy.—As the working out of exact dates of publication, on which hinges so much of our stability of nomenclature, is a somewhat Jaborious business, I hold it a duty to publish such results as one is able to reach. Two of the generic names brought forward in Heinemann’s Schmett. Deutsch., Band 1., 1859, viz. Luceria (p. 442) and Sora (p. 459), had the misfortune to collide with the same names in Walker (List, &c., xix. 853, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) iii. 259), both dating from the same year. Sora, by the way, is wrongly attributed to ‘‘ White ” in Marschall’s ‘ Nomen- clator.’ I find that Heinemann’s Luceria will be able to stand, which is fortunate, as it has been adopted by Staudinger and Rebel (Catalog, p. 190); but Sora will sink as a homonym. ‘The dates, as nearly as I can ascertain, are as follows: Sora, Walk., April, 1859; Sora and Luceria, Heinem., Oct., 1859 (advertised in Brockhaus’ Monthly Catalogue for Nov., 1859, p. 182); Luceria, Walk., after Nov. 12th, 1859 (date of preface).—Louis B. Prour; 246, Richmond Road, N.E., Feb. 17th, 1904. Lyc@NA ICARUS var. MELANOTOXA.—I have a small specimen of L. icarus which corresponds almost exactly with that referred to by Mr. Verity (ante, p. 58, pl. iv., fig. 14); also a similar aberration, but with the line crescent-shaped instead of a bar. ‘These examples are from the Isle of Man.—T. H. Suepuerp; 15, Hope View, Carr Lane, Shipley. [The form of L. icarus referred to by Mr. Verity as var. melantoaa, Pincit., is pretty generally known to lepidopterists in this country. The union of the lower basal spot with the Jast of the marginal series, on under side of the fore wing, is a form of aberration not confined to L. icarus, but is found to occur in its British congeners L. corydon and L. bellargus ; in the former of these two species perhaps more espe- cially. The last spot of the marginal series is geminate, and in the early stages of the development of the aberration it is the upper portion of this double spot that generally becomes elongated in the direction of the lower basal spot. The complete junction of the two spots usually assumes the arened form (ab. arcua, Fav.), sometimes termed a ‘“‘ horseshoe-mark” by collectors, but it may be bar-like, as in melantoxa.—Ep. | 116 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Tae Generic Name Synromts, Ochs., a Synonym.—lIn vol. i. of his ‘Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene,’ p. 59, Sir George Hampson cites Syntomis, Ochs. (type phegea) and Amata, Fab. (type passalis) as generic synonyms, giving the date of both as 1808; and he naturally gives preference to the more generally employed name. But, unfor- tunately, Zeller’s citation of the date 1808 for vol. vi. of Llliger’s ‘Magazin,’ in which Fabricius’s dAmata and other genera are pub- lished, is as indefensible as it is inexplicable; the title- -page is dated 1807; this date is accepted by Zeller’s collaborators in Agassiz’s ‘ Nomenclator,’ and even Zeller himself is not consistent, for he gives 1807 in at least one case (Castnia). On investigation, I find definite proof that the names in question were really published in 1807, for they are quite freely cited by an anonymous reviewer of Hiibner’s ‘Sammlung Exotischer Schmetterlinge”’ in the Allg. Lit. Zeit. for Dec. 19th, 1807 (1807, Band ii., No. 808, pp. 1177- “1181). Amata, Fab., is therefore certainly prior to Syntomis, Ochs.—Louts B. Provr ; 246, Richmond Road, N.E., Feb. 17th, 1904. Mieratory Fuieur or Crenis Borspuvati, Wall.—On Feb. 10th we were surprised by the above flying over the district of Verulam in such numbers that I shall not perhaps be exaggerating when I say millions passed over within an hour. The direction of the flight seemed to me at the time to be from 8.W. to N.E. There was nothing unusual at the time as regards the temperature, unless it was a little hotter for the midday ; but old residents of this place tell me they have on other occasions seen a white butterfly (I believe them to be referring to Pieris alba, Wall.) swarm around the flats for hours, the fowls, &c., following them up for food. C. botisduvali, though never so common as P. alba, is commonly found down the South Coast, where it feeds upon a shrub named in Medley-Wood’s ‘ Natal Plants,’ Hacwcaria reticulata, and known to the Kaffirs as ‘‘ Hlya-im-punzi’’; but there is no accounting for these flies putting in their periodical appearances in such numbers as mentioned. The larva is not gregarious, and can never be taken in dozens when collecting. Three years ago I made reference in this magazine (Entom. xxxiv. 98) to a butterfly migration when the regiment was stationed in Northern Natal.—H. W. Brtt- Martey; Durban, Natal, Feb. 12th, 1904. ABERRATIONS OF European BurrerriiEs.—In the March number of the ‘ Entomologist,’ Mr. Verity gives an account of several interesting varieties of butterflies from Tuscany, and inquires whether anyone else has met with similar forms. On p. 86 of my ‘ Butterflies of Switzer- land,’ &e., I have noted that Polyommatus aleais ab. arcua is the usual form around St. Triphon, and not uncommon elsewhere at the Vaudois end of the Rhone Valley. This form is identical with var. melanotowa, Pincitore, as given in Mr. Verity’s illustration. I described the form in the Ent. Rec. vol. xiv. p. 58, and inquired whether it was identical with melanotoza. Not having received any answer to this query, I used the name current in the Rhone Valley, viz. arcua, Favre; this must evidently fall before Pincitore’s name, which dates from 1879, Favre's name not having appeared in print (though previously current in con- versation) until my mention of it in the Ent. Rec. as above. Colonel Agassiz, of Lausanne, has specimens of Colias edusa of much the same CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. LLY size as those illustrated by Mr. Verity. I have compared them to-day. They are early spring specimens from the neighbourhood of Florence. With regard to the varieties of Hrebia neoridas, is it really certain that the insects illustrated belong to that species at all? They lack the characteristic shape of the fore wings, which are usually very trun- cated. Another peculiarity of /. neoridas, even more universal, is that the inner edge of the rust-coloured band, upper side fore wing, 1s almost as straight and firm as if marked off with a ruler, and, although in the two upper side illustrations the band is broken off before its normal termination, yet there is more than enough remaining to show the strongly curved form of the inner edge of the band. If the illustrations are as good as they appear to be, I should have had no hesitation in referring all three to Hrebia euryale. I have specimens from the Dent du Midi above Champéry, taken last August, which exactly correspond with the under side illustration, except that the light band is yellow instead of white. The deep tooth on the inner side of the band is very characteristic of HE. ewryale; that in L. neoridas is much slighter and less conspicuous. A specimen of Chrysophanus phleas ab. schmidtit was taken by Mr. Sloper at Martigny in August, 1901 (see ‘ Butterflies of Switzerland,’ &c., p.18).—Grorez Wueeter ; Montreux, March 17th. Recent Booxs on Coccipa, or Scate Insects. — Those who are interested in this very important, but till lately much neglected, family of insects, may be glad to know that the study has been greatly facilitated during the last year or two, and is now receiving attention from many good practical observers both at home and abroad. Three large books on the subject may specially be mentioned :— 1. Robert Newstead, ‘Monograph of the British Coccide.’ Two vols. (Ray Society), 1901 and 1903. (Completed.) 2. Mrs. Maria KE. Fernald, A.M., “ A Catalogue of the Coccide of the World ”’ (Special Bulletin, Hatch Experiment Station of the Massa- chusetts Agricultural College, Bulletin No. 88), 1903. (Completed.) 3. K. Ernest Green, ‘ The Coccide of Ceylon.’ Parts 1-3, 1896, 1899, 1904. (In progress.)—W. F. Kirsy. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. Mormus FuNEREUS IN Eneaianp. — A specimen of the longicorn Morimus funereus was taken either in 1899 or 1900 in the East India Docks, I believe for the first time in England. For this reason it may perhaps be well to record it. — E. C. Ansorax; 12, Addison Road, Bedford Park, W., March 17th, 1904. NeruropreRA FRoM CuEsHirE.—The following species of Neuroptera were taken by Mr. R. South in 1895 :—Hemerobius subnebulosus, Macclesfield. Chrysopa flava, Macclesfield. Phryganea grandis, P. striata, Macclesfield. Limnophilus griseus, L. ignavus, L. lunatus, L. centralis, Langley. Asynarchus canosus, Langley. Micropterna lateralis, Macclesfield. Stenophylax steliatus, Macclesfield. Halesus radiatus, Macclesfield. Anabolia nervosa, Macclesfield, Plectrocnemia 118 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. conspersa, Macclesfield. I should say that several of these were identi- fied by Mr. McLachlan.—W. J. Lucas. Levucopuasia sinapis, ab. — At Grange, last June, I captured an example of L. sinapis in which the black apical spot is absent; thus the foré wings are pure white. — T. H. SuHrepuerp; 15, Hope View, Carr Lane, Shipley. [The specimen referred to above seems to be an example of ab. erysimt, Dup., which is a form of the female sex only.—Eb.| Unusuat Finp or Spuinaip Larve. — I think that January 18th, 1904, will long remain a record day so far as concerns finding Sphingid larve. The day was dull and a fine rain was falling, and I was out from 10 a.m. till 1.80 p.m., and from 3.15 p.m. till6 p.m. During that time I found, entirely by searching, no less than fifty-three larve and thirteen different species, made up as follows:—Andriasa mutata, very rare, one; Lophostethus dumolinii, very rare, two; Macroglossa trochilus, three; Cephonodes hylas, nine; Aellopos hirundo (new; Dr. K. Jordan, of Tring, will describe), five; Temnora marginata, ten ; T. murina (new; Dr. K. Jordan will describe), two; Polyptychus grayt, five ; Cherocampa eson, two; Nephele accentifera, five; Huchloron me- gerea, rare, six; Phlegethontius fulvinotata, rare, two; Manduca atropos, one. The imago of A. hirundo has not been seen on the wing here since January, 1901, and is always very rare; larvee were discovered by following up a female that was depositing ova on Saturday, 9th inst. Temnora murina is another very rare hawk-moth, and, although I found two or three larve last year, I did not preserve the same, as I wished to rear the moth. The M. atropos and C. eson larve I only took to make up two more species; both are very common, and I could have taken numbers more had I chosen to search for them. I may mention that, besides the hawk-caterpillars mentioned above, I took about fifty larvee of other families of moths, but nothing out of the common, except two Acripia poliotis, a new and rare species. —Gro. F', Lieu ; Durban, Natal. TurEeE Weexs in tHE New Forest, 1903.—My friend and co- collector Mr. H. G. Toye and myself decided to try the New Forest last year; being the first time we had ventured in that part of the country, we were greatly delighted with the scenery, and the insects to be taken. Considering the very bad season, I think we may con- eratulate ourselves on having done fairly well. A professional collector told us that it was the worst season for insects he could remember, a statement fully confirmed by several other collectors whom we met. We arrived at Brockenhurst on June 26th. Amongst the captures during the daytime I may mention Argynnis paphia, in very good con- dition and in great numbers; the males were first seen on the 29th, and the females on July 7th; of the aberration valesina we took some twelve specimens and saw several others, mostly in very fair condition. We also took A. adippe, Limenitis sibylla (in great numbers and in very good condition during the first week of our stay), 4. selene (one with bleached under wing), Satyrus semele, Epinephele hyperanthus, FE. titho- nus, Thecla quercus (one male on July 12th), Pararge egeria (poor), Lycena egon, Hesperia sylvanus, H. thawmas (linea), and a number of CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 119 larve of Gonepteryx rhamni from buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), some young and some nearly full-grown, which pupated between July 9th and 18th, the first to emerge being a male on the 28th of the same month, males and females continuing to emerge until August 3rd. We also took larve of Euchelia jacobee feeding on ragwort (Senecio vulgaris), together with several male and female examples of the perfect insect; Gnophria rubricollis, Eucosmia undulata, and one Boarmia gla- braria on July 18th; I also obtained two larve of this local insect feeding on lichen on oak trees on July 4th, which pupated on the 23rd and 27th; the imagines emerged on August 5th and 8th respectively. On some of the moors I took fine series of Euthemonia russula (both sexes), Hidonia atomaria, Lasiocampa quercus (male), Macrothylacia rubi (male), Anarta myrtilli, Pseudoterpna cytiscaria, Lithosia mesomella, Melanippe rivata, and Tephrosia eatersaria. Sugaring was the worst I have known for years; though we sugared religiously every night, our take was very small, including Leucania turca, Moma orion, Thyatira derasa, T. batis, Aplecta nebulosa, Huplexta lucipara, Dipterygia pinastri, Xylophasia hepatica, Caradrina morpheus ; we expected Catocala sponsa and C. promissa, but were disappointed. At dusking we were fairly successful—more in quantity, though, than in quality; Melanthia albicillata, Cidaria fulvata, Boarmia roboraria, B. consortaria, Lithosia mesomella, Pseudoterpna cytisarta, Metrocampa margaritaria, Larentia pectinitaria, Aspilates strigillaria, Ellopia fasci- aria, Cabera pusaria, E’:phyra trilinearia, and Hemithea thymiaria were amongst our captures in this line. We tried light, both with and without a sheet, also acetylene gas, but the result was far from satisfactory. By these means we took Pericallia syringaria, Plusia chrysitis, Agrotis porphyrea, Notodonta camelina, Urapterya sambucaria, Boarmia roboraria, Macaria alternata (one), and Halia vauaria. I also obtained from an oak tree a full- grown larva of Liparis monacha, which pupated on the 16th, and emerged a fine female on the 28th of July. On June 80th we went to Ringwood, in the hope of taking H'mydia cribrum, but, though we tramped the heather there all day, we did not see a single specimen; possibly we were rather late for this insect. The only insect taken worthy of note was a good series of Bupalus piniaria, including both sexes, flying round pine trees. Having heard that Gnophos obscurata was being taken, and wishing for a series our- selves, I broached the matter to several professional collectors, but found this class of collector very shy on such subjects, and could get no information whatsoever as to the spot to find this insect. I was afterwards told by a gamekeeper of the Forest of a spot where he used to take the species twenty years previously. We found this spot, and by rattling with a stick in the rabbit-holes, and by raking about under ridges of the ground, we disturbed them from their hiding-places, from which they flew out by dozens, so that after a very short time we had as many as we could possibly wish for, all being of the dark form. I also took Angerona prunaria and Pachycnemia hippocastanaria. I may mention that during the three weeks of our stay at Brockenhurst we only had one really rainy day.—Lawrence §. Hopson; ‘‘ Maisonnette,”’ Palmer's Green, N. * 120 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. SOCIETIES. EnromotoaicaL Society or Lonpon.—February 8rd, 1904.— Pro- fessor EK. B. Poulton, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S., President, in the chair.— The President announced that he had nominated Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman, M.D., F.Z.8.; Dr. Frederick Augustus Dixey, M.A., M.D.; and the Rev. Francis David Morice, M.A., as Vice-Presidents for the Session 1904-1905.—Mr. A. J. Chitty exhibited two specimens of Ptinus tectus, Boisd., taken by him in a granary in Holborn in the winter of 1892-93; also a complete series of the red Apions to com- pare with A. sanguinewm from the late Frederick Smith’s collection.— Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited specimens of Papilio weiskei, Ribbe, and Troides meridionalis, Rothschild, recently taken by Mr. A. S. Meek near the Aroa River in the interior of British New Guinea.—Mr. E. C. Bedwell exhibited the following species of Coleoptera taken by him in North Wales (on Snowdon) in the first week of August, 1903 :—A fine series of Chrysomela cerealis, L., a pair of them being of the curious dull form, Anthophagus alpinus, Payk., Acidota crenata, F., Arpedium brachypterum, Gray., and Quedius longicornis, Kr., the latter taken close to the Llanberis Falls. There appears to be no previous record of this species occurring in Wales.—The Rey. F. D. Morice exhibited a series of lantern slides illustrating the structure of concealed ventral segments in males of the Hymenopterous genus Colletes. Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited a Mullerian association of black and transparent species from the Potara Road, British Guiana, consisting of [thomiine; Ithomia zarepha, Ithomia florula, Heterosais sylphis, and Napeogenes n.sp.3 Mrycinide : Stalachtis phedusa, and Stalachtis evelina ; Hypside: Lauron partita; Geometridae, Hyrmina, n. sp. The whole of the speci- mens had been caught on one single forest-road, some 170 miles inland. Mr. Kaye called particular attention to the new species of Napeogenes, and said it was a most remarkable divergence from the usual coloration of the genus Napevgenes as a whole, where brown- yellow and black were the prevailing colours, while the present insect was black and transparent only, and conformed in a wonderful way with many true members of the genus IJthomia.—The President exhibited a male and female of Papilio dardanus, captured in coitu by Mr. George F. Leigh at Durban in 1902, and examples of the offspring reared from the eggs laid by the female. The latter was of the cenea form, as were the great majority of the female offspring ; three, however, were of the black and white hippocoon form. More recently, in 1908, Mr. Leigh had captured a female of the rare tropho- nius form, and had bred from the seven eggs laid by it five butterflies, of which the two females were both of the commonest cenea form, The female trophonius was also exhibited, together with the five offspring. —Capt. C. E. Williams read a paper upon “‘ The Life-history and Habits of Gongylus gongyloides, a Mantis of the tribe Erupasides, and a Floral Simulator,’ and exhibited a living female in the nymph stage, to- gether with coloured drawings, photographs, and lantern-slides, show- ing both the adult and immature insect in various positions. The chief features of interest in the exhibitions lay in the peculiar modi- fications of shape and colouring by which this Mantis conceals itself and attacks the Lepidoptera and Diptera which constitute its prey. SOCIETIES. 121 The female exhibited was the sole survivor of twenty-one brought to England in June, 1903, from Rangoon. It was hatched during January, and had passed through eleven ecdyses, but failed to effect the last change to the imago stage in October, 1903.—Mr. G. A. J. Rothney communicated ‘ Descriptions of New Species of Cryptone from the Khasia Hills, Assam, and a New Species of Bembex,” by Peter Cameron.—Mr. Malcolm Burr contributed ‘‘ Systematic Obser- vations upon the Dermatoptera.’”—Dr. T. A. Chapman read a paper ‘*On a New Species of Heterogynis,” and exhibited specimens of this and other allied species.—Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S., read a paper “©On some New or Imperfectly-known Forms of South African Butter- flies,” and exhibited, among other specimens illustrating his remarks, typical and aberrational forms of Acrea rahira, Zeritis felthami (a new species), Z. mvlome, Trim., and Z. damarensis, Trim.; typical Colias electra, L., from Natal, and a remarkable melanic aberration of the same species ; also Kedestas tucusa, a very rare and unfigured Hesperiid, male and female, from the neighbourhood of Johannesburg. March 2nd.—The President in the chair.—Mr. L. C. H. Young, of 1, Rampart Row, Bombay, was elected a Fellow of the Society.— Commander J. J. Walker, R.N., exhibited Hecatesia fenestrata, Bdv., an interesting Australian moth, the male possessed of a very marked power of stridulation, the stridulating organ being on the longitudinal trans- parent bar on fore wing, known in N.§. Wales as the ‘‘ whistling moth ;’’ Dodonidia helmsi, Butler, a rare Satyrid butterfly from New Zealand ; and a gigantic species of the Thysanurid genus Japyzx, found at Picton, New Zealand.—Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited and commented upon a diagram of the mouth of one of the Mallophaga, Lemobothriwm titan. —Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited specimens of two species of Dor- cadion found during his recent journey in Spain—D. almarzense, Ese. ?, from the summit of Moncayo, and D. neilense, Esc., from the Sierra de Logrono. He also exhibited numerous examples of Pyropsyche mon- caunelia, Chapm., found by Dr. Chapman and himself on Moncayo.— Mr. A. J. Chitty, Mr. F. B. Jennings, and other Fellows, exhibited specimens of the genus T’riopiphorus, which seemed to show that 7’. tomen- tosus and 1’. obtusus were in reality one and the same species.—The President exhibited a specimen of a beetle, Glenca pulchella (Thoms.), one of the three individuals of the species taken on June 25th of last year, near Barwood, in the Nilgiris, by Mr. Leslie Andrewes, which clearly mimics a large ichneumon fly. He said that when the whole genus Glenea is examined, the marked conspicuousness of some of the species suggests that the mimetic resemblance displayed by others is Miillerian or Synaposematic, rather than Batesian or Pseudaposematic. —Mr. L. B. Prout exhibited, on behalf of Mr. A. Bacot, long bred series of Triphena comes, Hb., the result of breeding for two generations from a wild female of the curtisii form, taken near Forres. In the first gene- ration, rather more than half the progeny followed, to a certain extent, the parent female, though varying from rich deep red to almost black. Pairings of these dark specimens resulted in a brood in which the per- centage of ab. curtisii was slightly increased, although the type-forms were still well represented; but it was noticeable that in every specimen the orbicular stigma was filled up with the darker or melanic colour.— Dr. F, A. Dixey read a note on the ‘“‘ Bugong”’ moth, which is used for 122 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. food by some Australian natives in New South Wales. He pointed out that it was not a Huplea, as supposed by Kirby in his ‘ Bridge- water Treatise,’ but a Huvoa ; and not a butterfly, as further stated by Westwood.—Mr. Arthur M. Lea communicated “ Notes on Australian and Tasmanian Cryptocephalides, with descriptions of New Species.”"— Mr. Gilbert J. Arrow communicated ‘‘ A Revision of the subfamily Pelid- notin of the Coleopterous family Rutelide, with descriptions of New Genera and Species,’ by the late Frederick Bates.—Colonel Charles Swinhoe, M.A., F.L.8., read a paper “On some New Species of Kastern Australian and African Moths in the British Museum.’’—Mr. George Charles Champion, F.Z.S., read a paper on ‘“‘ An Entomo- logical Excursion to Moncayo, Spain, with some remarks on the Habits of Xyleborus dispar, Fabr., by Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman, M.D.”—Mr. Kenneth J. Morton communicated ‘“ Further Notes on Hydroptilide belonging to the European Fauna, with descriptions of New Species,” and Mr. W. C. R. Shelford, M.A., communicated ‘* A Note on Elymnias borneensis, Wallace.’”-—A discussion on ‘‘ What is a Species ?’’? was opened by the Rey. F. D. Morice, in which Mr. H. J. Elwes, Dr. F. A. Dixey, Mr. A. J. Chitty, Mr. W. E. Sharp, the President, and other Fellows joined.—H. Rowianp-Brown, Hon. Sec. Sourn Lonpon Enromotogican anp Naturat History Socrery.— February 11th, 1904.—Mr. A. Sich, F.E.S., President, in the chair.— Mr. Montgomery exhibited a curious malformation of the wings which had occurred in a brood of Ocneria dispar. A pair of the malformed specimens were selected, and from them was bred a brood, nearly the whole of which had the same peculiarity, viz. a large semicircular portion of the apical part of the hind wings being undeveloped.—Mr. South, albino and xanthic aberrations of Hpinephele tithonus, taken by Mr. G. M. Russell, on the chalk downs in South Hampshire, in 1898, 1899, and 1900.—Mr. Kaye, photographs of the Potara River, British Guiana, where he had spent some months in entomological collecting. Mr. R. Adkin, series of Leucoma ( Liparis) salicis reared from pupe col- lected at Herne Bay last year, and made remarks on the scarcity and abundance of the species for some years past.—Mr. Newberry, several conspicuous species of Indian Coleoptera, and a very large species of water-bug.—-Mr. West (Greenwich), an example of the rare Coleo- pteron, Gynandrophthalma affinis, from Wychwood, Oxford, where it was discovered in 1899.—-Mr. H. Moore, specimens of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, from Natal.— Dr. Chapman, brilliant but dwarf speci- mens of Cyaniris argiolus, and bred examples of Arctia fasciata, one of the most gorgeous of Continental ‘ tigers,’”’ from Moncayo. Spain, together with a bred- series of Chrysophanus amphidamus.—Mr. Sich read a paper, ‘“‘ Notes on the genus Coleophora,” dealing chiefly with the life-history of C. fuscedinella, with description of its egg, and with the method of constructing and enlarging its case. February 25th. — The President in the chair.—Mr. Edwards ex- hibited a striking variety of Hypena rostralis, having a broad light- brown costa, and other unusual markings of the same colour.—Mr. Colthrup (1), a very light aberration of Abraxas grossulariata, having only a few black dots and marks on the disc and margins, with a narrow yellow band and base; (2), a blotched form of Argynnis SOCIETIES. 123 (Brenthis) ewphrosyne; and (8), a series of photographs of varieties of Bryophila muralis, B. perla, Polia chi, and Psilura monacha.—Mr. Manger, an example of Halicopis cupido from Demarara, which was of a beautiful light ground colour, with more or less suppressed and di- minished dark markings, together with the typical form from Brazil, for comparison.—Mr. Sich, a specimen of Bedellia somnulentella, with its pupa-case, which closely resembled that of a Pierid in miniature.— Mr. Montgomery, long and varied bred series of Pieris napi, largely from Ireland, and contributed notes.—A large number of lantern- slides were exhibited by Messrs. Tonge, Warne, Lucas, Hamm, Dennis, Harrison, Goulton, Main, and Clark. The objects represented were larve and ova of Lepidoptera, protective resemblance in insects, orchids, plants in their haunts, studies of trees, diatoms, and forami- nifera.—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. BrrmincHam EwromonoeicaL Socirery. — February 15th, 1904. — Annual Meeting.—Mr. R. C. Bradley, Vice-President, in the chair.— The various Annual Reports were read, and Officers and Council elected for the ensuing year.—Mr. G. W. Wynn exhibited a boxful of varieties of various Lepidoptera, including, amongst others, the fol- lowing :—Argynnis valesina, Esp., from the New Forest; pale Vanessa urtice, L., from Teignmouth; Spilosoma lubricipeda, L. ab. zatima, Cr. ; black Hadena monoglypha, Hufn., from Hampton-in-Arden; Agrotis exclamationis, Li., from Wyre, with spots confluent; a beautiful varie- gated var. of A. corticea, Hiib., from Lapworth; A. cinerea, Hib. var. obscura, from Wyre Forest; and Mamestra pisi, L., with the white markings lengthened out across the wing, from Sutton Park.—Mr. J. T. Fountain showed a series of Larentia autumnalis, Strém. (implu- viata, Hb.) bred from sallow-bloom, from the Wye Valley. The larve were found in the old blossoms of the female trees, which still remained attached to the stems in June. There were but a few larve, but the resulting imagines showed almost the whole range of variation—uni- colorous black, barred forms, dark marbled ones, light marbled ones nearly all green, and some with ochreous ground colonr.—-Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis showed his collection of the Geodephaga, and gave a general account of the division and a running account of the species and their local occurrence, &c.—Coxnsran J. Wainwreicut, Hon. Sec. LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE AND MancHESTER E\ntromowoaicaL Societies. —The first ordinary gathering of the current session took the form of a joint meeting of the two societies, which, by the kind invitation of Dr. Hoyle, was held in the Museum, Owens College, Manchester, on Feb. 15th, 1904. The President of the Manchester Society, Dr. W. KE. Hoyle, presided over a large assembly of members. On the invi- tation of the chairman, Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A. (Manchester), ex- tended a hearty welcome to the visiting Society, alluding in the course of his remarks to his having first taken up the study of entomology when in Liverpool, and first collected on the Wallasey sandhills with the late Messrs. Ben Cooke, Gregson, Roxburgh and others, prior to settling in Manchester in 1871. Having congratulated Mr. G. O. Day on his new List of Local Lepidoptera, he referred to his pending departure from Lancashire. Dr. Hoyle intimated that the Manchester Society hoped shortly to issue a List of the Lepidoptera of the District. 124 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Letters having been read from Mr. S. L. Capper, F.E.S., President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, and Major Ronald Ross, C.B., F.R.S., the chairman called on Mr. F. N. Pierce, F.E.S., who communicated an excellent paper ‘‘ On the Structure of the Lepi- doptera,”’ which was illustrated by the author’s preparations thrown on the screen by a new micro-lantern, shown by Mr. Greenwood. The lecturer dealt in an interesting and instructive manner with the structure of the wings, lees, and other organs of the Lepidoptera, and, by the aid of a long series of most beautiful slides, showed the un- doubted relationship existing between certain species and groups of moths as exhibited by the genitalia. A hearty vote of thanks having been accorded the reader, an adjournment was made for refreshments, kindly provided by Dr. Hoyle, after which the following exhibits, amongst others, were shown :—Nonagria geminipuncta, from the Isle of Wight. by Mr. R. Tait, Junr., who mentioned the fact of its attacking the reeds where they are more scattered, such as in the bordering hedge- rows, rather than where they grow more closely in the centre of the marshes where it is found. He also showed two very fine dark forms of Boarmia abietaria.—Mr. B. H. Crabtree exhibited Melitea aurinia from various English and Irish localities, the latter possessing clearer and more defined markings than the English specimens, which have a browner tinge.—Mr. J. Collins exhibited a valuable representative collection of Crambide.—Mr. L. Krah, fine specimens of Caligula japonica and Rhodia fugax, bred in England from Japanese ova, in ex- hibiting which he gave some interesting details regarding their food- plants, and stated that the cocoon of the former, consisting of a fine network, was usually attached, either to a piece of stick, or to folded leaves.—-Mr. J. Kidson Taylor’s British Coleoptera contained, amongst many other rarities, Meloé brevicollis (Millersdale), Cryptocephalus corylt (Sherwood), and C. sexpunctatus (St. Osyth’s), Heptaulacus villosus, Osphya bipunctata (Cheltenham), and Silpha reticulata (Barmouth).— Mr. J. Ray Hardy’s extensive collection of the Rhyncophora of the world found many admirers. He also exhibited three specimens of the very rare Raphidia notata, captured in Sherwood Forest; and gave some interesting introductory remarks anent the well-known Reston Collection of British Coleoptera, which, through the kindness of Dr. Hoyle and Mr. Hardy, was also on view. Cynthia crota, Papilio epius, and other exotic moths, were shown mounted between slips of glass, with the object of facilitating the examination of either side.—K. J. B. Sore and R. J. Wicrtsworru, Hon. Secretaries. Tae Entomotocican Crus.—On Tuesday, March 15th, a meeting was held at Wellfield, Lingards Road, Lewisham, the residence of Mr. Robert Adkin, the chairman and host of the evening. Five of the six existing members and eleven honorary members and friends were present, After supper, Professor H. B. Poulton and Mr. A. J. Chitty, who had been appointed honorary members at Mr. Verrall’s meeting, held at the Holborn Restaurant on Jan. 19th last, were elected members of the Club. The thembership of eight is therefore now complete. A meeting was also held on March 28rd at 58, Kensington Mansions, South Kensington, when Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe entertained fifteen visitors, four of whom were members of the Club. THE ENTOMOLOGIST MAY, 1904. [No. 492. Vou. XXXVIL] ON A SERIES OF ABERRATIONS OF EPINEPHELE TITHONUS. By G. M. Russet, B.Sc. In the ‘Entomologist’ for 1898 (xxxi. p. 293), I recorded the capture, on the chalk downs of the south of Hampshire, of an aberrant specimen of Z. tithonus, in which the normal ground colour was replaced by yellow. Since that time I have obtained other zanthic and also albino specimens from the same locality, with the result that I now possess a series of nine varieties in which the usual brownish orange ground colour is replaced by yellow in some specimens, and by white in others. This series of varieties seems to deserve special notice on account of the whole of them having been taken within a very limited area; one occasionally sees records of captures of odd specimens of ENTOM.—wMAY, 1904. M 126 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. yellow varieties, but Iam not aware that any other single locality _ has produced a number. Besides the insect taken in 1898, re- ferred to above, two of the specimens were taken in 1899, and no less than six in 1900. In addition to these, a yellow male was taken in 1897, and another fine yellow male was seen on August 12th, 1903. In connection with the larger number taken in 1900, it may be mentioned that H. tithonus was exceptionally abundant in that year in the South Hampshire locality where the varieties were obtained; and this abundance probably ex- tended to other districts, for the large numbers in which the Species appeared at Christchurch and the New Forest were the subject of a note by Mr. W. J. Lucas in the ‘ Entomologist’ (xxxili. p. 850). With the exception of two white females (one of which is figured, fig. 1), all the specimens are males. Although two or three of the yellow specimens are much alike as regards ground colour, the whole series shows a gradation in colour from a specimen which has partial normal colouring, through inter- mediate chrome-yellow specimens, to the three white ones. The beautiful specimen shown in fig. 2 differs from the normal not only in having a clear yellow ground colour, but also in possessing additional spots on all the wings, the upper spot on the hind wings being white-centred. The whole of the varieties were taken at spots within a mile of each other, and about a mile or so from the sea. ‘Three of the specimens were taken, in different years, at spots only a few yards apart, but any conjecture as regards the transmission of the variant character from parent to offspring is, of course, useless until a direct appeal is made to experiment. All the specimens were taken on chalk hills, and it is interesting, and perhaps suggestive, to note that the white male, fig. 8, was most difficult to capture on account of its matching so closely the lights and shades of the chalky soil of the field in which it was taken. Although only a feeble flier, some half-dozen unsuccess- ful attempts at capture were made, and at each attempt the insect at once left the grass-bordered hedgerow and made for the cultivated part of the field. Its absolute and sudden disappear- ance as it passed over the edge of the broken-up ground was most astonishing, and one could only wait for its return to the hedge, where in a few moments it was again found some yards off. I may mention that the form, called by Tutt (‘ British Butterflies ’) ab. excessa, which possesses one or two additional black spots but has normal colouring, is not uncommon in the South Hampshire locality where I have collected, thus supporting Barrett's statement (‘ Lepidoptera of the British Islands’) that this variety occurs in the immediate neighbourhood of the sea. It would be interesting to learn in what localities the albino LEPIDOPTERA IN JERSEY. 127 specimens figured and described by Barrett were taken. The one or two records which I have seen of the captures of yellow and white specimens seem to indicate that these varieties also are found only in the vicinity of the coast. The yellow speci- mens seem to be similar to the form described by Seebold under the name var. mincki (Berliner Entom. Zeitschrift, xxxvi. 1891, p. 467). The yellowish white form, subalbida, Verity (ante, p. 56), appears to be intermediate between var. mincki and my white specimens. I therefore propose the name albida for the white form (figs., 1,9; 8, 3). On looking at this series one can hardly help speculating as to the possible cause of the albinism. The question is essentially one for experiment, and the observations which appear to give a clue to the answer are those of Standfuss, who showed that the majority of aberrations were caused by the effect of abnormal temperature conditions on the pupa. He showed, moreover, that the general effect of treating the pupa as in his “‘ heat’ ex- periments was to produce aberrations in which the colours were paler than the normal. Numbers of aberrations similar to those actually occurring in nature were produced in this way, but I am not aware that tithonus was one of the species treated. LEPIDOPTERA IN JERSEY, 1908. By G. B. Coney. Tue following is a list of moths taken and reared during the past year in Jersey, with dates of capture of the more in- teresting species. From July 6th to 31st, being away, I did no collecting in the island :— Sphinx convolvuli, August 25th to October 14th. Smerinthus populi, June 27th. Macroglossa stellatarum, March 26th. Hylophila prasinana, July 1st. Nola cristulalis, May 31st. Lithosia complanula. L.caniola, August 17th to September 24th. Euchelia jacobee. Callimorpha hera, August 25th. Nemeophila russula, June 27th. Arctia caia. A. villica (reared). Spilosoma fuliginosa, August 12th. S. mendica, May 28rd and 24th. SS. lubricipeda. S. menthastri. Cossus ligniperda (reared). Porthesia chrysorrhaa (reared). Liparis auriflua, August 8th to 12th. Dasychira pudibunda, June 26th. ‘ 7. 128 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Lasiocampa quercus. L. trifolii, September 24th. Odonestis potatoria. Drepana hamula, August 19th. Cilix spinula, June 8rd to 27th, and August 2nd to 11th. Lophopteryx camelina, May 21st to 80th, and August 9th to 80th. Notodonta dictea, May 25th. N. dicteoides (reared). N. zic- zac (reared). Petasia cassinea, December 10th. Phalera bucephala, August 26th. Diuloba ceruleocephala (reared). Thyatira batis, August 20th to September 3rd. Cymatophora ocularis, June 26th to July Ist. Bryophila glandifera, August 12th. Acronycta psi. A. megacephala, July 4th. A. rumicis. Leucania vitellina, October 8rd. L. lithargyria. L. albipuncta, August 19th to October 17th. L. putrescens, August 12th to September 1st. ZL. l-album, September 8th to November 2nd. L. pallens. Gortyna flavago, September 20th. Aaylia putris, May 30th to July 4th. Xylophasia lithoxylea. X. polyodon. Aporophyla australis, September 24th to 26th. Heliophobus hispidus, September 8th to October 8rd. Cerigo cytherea, August 12th to 27th. Luperina testacea, August 28th to September 14th. Mamestra brassice. Apamea basilinea, May 28th. A. oculea. Miana strigilis. M. furuncula, August 6th. Grammesia trilinea, May 80th to June 17th. Stilbia anomala, September 15th to 18th. Caradrina morpheus, May 81st to June 30th. C. alsines, July 2nd and September 9th. C. ambigua, June 9th to July dth, and August 28th. C.cubicularis, September 9th to November 38rd. Rusina tenebrosa, May 31st to June 27th. Agrotis puta, August 12th to November 13th. A. suffusa, October 28th to November 2nd. A. saucia, August 22nd to November 9th. A. segetum. A. exclamationis. A. corticea, July 2nd and August 22nd. A. nigricans, August 12th to19th. A. tritici, August 19th to September 12th. A. porphyrea, August 2nd. Noctua glareosa, September 29th to October 28th. N. plecta, May 27th to June 17th, and August 2nd to September 12th. N. ¢-ngrum, June 9th and 17th, and August 17th to 30th. N. triangulum, July 2nd. N. festiva, June 9th to 26th. N. rubi, June 1st and August 9th to 80th. N.«anthographa, August 12th to October 14th. Triphena ianthina, August 6th to 380th. T. fimbria, Septem- ber 4th to 20th. JT’. orbona. T'. pronuba. Amphipyra pyramidea, August 8th to September 17th. A. tra- gopogonis, August 12th to September 6th. LEPIDOPTERA IN JERSEY. 129 Mania typica, August 12th. M. maura. Teniocampa gothica, May 27th. T. instabilis, March 8th. T.. stabilis, March 9th to April 24th. Orthosia upsilon (reared). O. lota, October 20th to November 13th. O. macilenta, October 20th to 28th. Anchocelis rufina, September 30th to November 4th. A. pis- tacina. A. lunosa, September 29th. Cerastis vaccinii, October 17th to 28th. C. ligula, October 17th to November 9th. Scopelosoma satellitia, March 12th. Xanthia silago, October 20th. X. ferruginea, October 3rd to November 2nd. Calymnia trapezina, September 1st. C. affinis, August 12th. Dianthecia conspersa, May 19th to July 5th. D. capsincola, May 13th to June 27th, and August 21st. Hecatera serena, June 27th to 29th. Polia flavicincta, September 23rd to October 23rd. Epunda lichenea, October 20th to 29th. EH. nigra, October 7th to November 13th. Miselia oxyacanthe, October 12th to November 2nd. Agriopis aprilina, October 3rd to November 2nd. Phlogophora meticulosa. Trigonophora empyrea, September 30th to November 4th. Euplexia lucipara, May 22nd to June 17th. Hadena dentina, June 8th. H. chenopodi, August 11th to September 5th. H. oleracea. H. pisi, June 2nd to 17th. Cucullia verbasci, May 20th to 30th. Habrostola urtice, May 21st to June 27th. 4H. triplasia, September 20th to 24th. Plusia chrysitis, June 27th to July 4th, and August 26th. P. gamma. Acontia luctuosa, July 1st. Erastria fuscula, May 31st to June 27th. Phytometra enea, June 17th. Catocala nupta, August 22nd to October 20th. Uropteryx sambucata. Rumia crategata. Venilia macularia, June 12th. Metrocampa margaritaria. Eurymene dolobraria, June 25th to 30th. Selenia illunaria. 8S. lunaria, May 28th to June Ist, and August 22nd. Odontopera bidentata, May 13th to June 15th. Crocallis elinguaria, August 15th to 22nd. Ennomos alniaria, August 2nd to September 28rd. EH. erosaria, August 27th to September 15th. Himera pennaria, October 380th to November 28rd. Phigalia pedaria, February 26th. 130 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Amphidasys betularia (reared). Hemerophila abruptaria, May 19th to June 11th. Cleora lichenaria, August 1st. eee repandata. B. rhomboidaria. B. consortaria, May 28th. Nemoria viridata, June 27th. Todis lactiaria. FHemithea thymiaria. Ephyra porata, August 26th. E. punctaria, May 24th and August 12th. Acidalia rubricata, August 13th. A. scutulata, June 30th and oe Ist to 16th. A. incanaria, May 28th to June 16th. . promutata, August 15th to September 25th.