"Ty fy bh eo tamveg tates: nisiae Sten meri) . Pobre tenes a ba teensy ' i, . hy Vay eel\vany \ mk) te ‘ ty yi aatanih' witht t in ta eer wy ; vee: 4 MVR Ng 4 A Se enicn Mihs tty r oN . t Aryeh revs ey ary XY or + fh ‘ VF 4 Pin) tv dood ‘ ‘ bat a) ny \ ‘ wth inane +); pddiaiens late A ete u rege} ’ Y at Ved! ly Pte TAS PCa Wan Vk sa) Aa ale } 3 Lederer Maat 4 eta DAly r hey orc d SAH Wreyd . oy sy. 3 , sites +4 i) Sith 3 ey . ’ nist Bab "0 ; ine eds ty yar yy ; . N - teife \ t " a pertains att . MPS VALS. . a ; LER, s ; \ ‘ TV baw) ‘ eat i : i ; > ' ' nan Whe sels P 0 : ' : Ay, Matt ; ree Liles! ae Sv ees h Wit PS 3 : ieit eh DY 3 To Mr Perye BO PSA0OT EDT ” Beas DIR Vv >» 4 A Np , i Wyre this (ari rtit My ata ue M) H fit stig Ky UBT ATRESIA BO t ate ‘ ie a a ‘ if vai Wt i KY Fi Ak; gh ann NB 4 ' hi yas vy hess BP hy, eer ty! B43 5 mle etter F ; bat} fi i, bit i yt way) vga . ; ‘ ey b , t at fei tt ‘ ef } ‘ WA. ia os\ Tay Aa ht frpad ar Cee DRT raeynealern Mabey hide es} $ : ts ' ar fs eit) ad SEA, HY cy vee ; Mat | a ate! vit Ba a 4 3 ‘ Arise H Ris fi } te Ui Dire) Muir bh : ite! 4, wij ae Me] Pern) ‘yt (int ' Nita 1 VA ait heey k LN aitadid AN My ‘ re ¥; Ah Hil ah fy Vey) rf i f a i 7 iy N RM Tbs At Buen nN Bi ieee SPECIAL INDEX. EY New Genera, Species, Sub-Species, and Varieties are marked with an asterisk, S Order PROTURA, 174. Order VII. americana (Periplaneta), 95 auricularia (Forticula), 94 auricularia, var. forcipata (Forficula), 94 australasie (Periplaneta), 95, 104 bicolor (Stauroderus), 96 bipunctatus (Gryllus), 247 bipunctatus (Tetrix), 89, 96 brachyptera (Metrioptera), 96 domesticus (Grylius), 96, 127, 128, 246, 247 dorsalis (Conocephalus), 96 elegans (Chorthippus), 97 EKuprepocnemini, 149 gallicus (Bacillus), 200 gongyloides (Gongylus), 200 grossus (Mecostethus), 89, 96 eryllotalpa (Gryllotalpa), 95 hystrix (Markia), 149 Order XII. Anagenesia, 178, 179 armatus (Siphlurus), 246 danica (Ephemera), 246 dipterum (Clocon, recte Cloéon), 246 fusca (Habrophlebia), 246 helvipes (Leptophlebia), 246 longicauda (Palingenia), 177, 180 luteolum (Centrophilium, recte Centro- ptilum), 246 Order chil: znea (Cordulia), 88 albistylum (Orthetrum), 262 ceruleata (Mecistogaster), 200 cancellatum (Orthetrum), 262 coriaceum (Pseudagrion), 263 cyanea (Aischna), 89. 121 cyanomelas (Xiphiagrion), 263 elegans (Ischnura), 55 femina (Agriocnemis), 263 festiva (Trithemis), 263 fonscolombii (Sympetrum), 197 grandis (Auschna), 150 imperator (Anax), 88, 89 lorquini (Nannophlebia), 263 microcephalum (Pseudagrion), 263 PARANEUROPTERA. ORTHOPTERA. lapponicus (Ectobius), 95 lineatus (Stenobothrus), 96 Locustodea, 89 | maculatus (Gomphocerus), 96 | morosus (Corausius), 200 orientalis (Blatta), 95 | panzeri (Ectobius), 95 panzeri, var. nigripes (Ectobius), 95 parallelus (Chorthippus), 97 punctatissima (Leptophyes), 96, 272 religiosa (Mantis), 199 riparia (Labidura), 94 | rufipes (Omocestus), 96 rufus (Gomphocerus), 96 sylvestris (Nemobius), 89, 95 thalassinum (Meconema), 96 viridissima (Locusta = Phasgonura), 89 viridulus (Omocestus), 96 EKPHEMEROPTERA. *mesopotamica (Palingenia), 177, 178 Palingenia, 177, 178, 179 papuana (Palingenia), 179 Plethogenesia, 178, 179 rhenana (Oligoneuria), 180 robusta (?) (Palingenia), 177 virgo (Polymitarcys), 180 vulgata (Ephemera), 246 |= Oponata.] moluccensis (Caconeura), 263 nigra (Selysiothemis), 262 | Orthetrum, 262 pratense (Brachytron), 88 | pygmea (Nannophya), 263 _ splendens (Calopteryx), 4d stigmatizans manadensis (Neurothemis), 263 striolatum (Sympetrum), 121 superba (Teinobasis), 263 terminata (Rhinoeypha), 263 virgo (Calopteryx), 89, 262 virgo, race festiva (Calopteryx), 262 vulgatissimus (Gomphus), 88 x INDEX. Order XIV. THYSANOPTERA. Thrips, 198 | Trichothrips, 164 Order XV. RHYNCHOTA. abdominalis (Cyclopelta), 166 *jacksoni (Pterocomma), 232 *aberrans (Paterculus), £69 jaspideus (Mattiphus), 164, 166 aceris (Phenacorus), 199 javanica (‘Tesseratoma), 164 affinis (Paterculus), 469 jurtina, 68 africanus (Aspidoproctus), 176 *laosana (Dalpada), 3, 4 alata (Daleantha), 164 *laosana (Menida), 4, 43 amplicollis (Carpone), 164 *laosana (Aspongopus), 166 anchora (Antestia), 4 lata (Prionaca), 4 angulata (Carpone), 164 latipes (Pentatoma), 41 Apodiphus, 4 latipes (Tolumnia), 3, 41 *armata (Neoniphe), 3, 40 : *latula (Tetroda), 168 basalis (Tolumnia), 3 lectularius (Cimex), 168, 300 bicolor (Pterocomma), 233 limatus (Megarhynchus), 168 brevicorne (Megymerum), 166 lineatifrons (Critheus), 4 brunneus (Aspongopus), 166 mansonicus (Exithemus), 4 *centauriella (Anuraphis), 230 marginatus (Aspongopus), 167 cerasi (Myzus), 247 *mekongum (Megymenum), 166 *chapana (Epagathus), 4, 69 . | Mesolea, 164 chinensis (Aspongopus), 166 | mimus (Ageeus), 3 coccinea (Gonopsis), 168 modificata (Anaca), 4 *coloratus (Diplorhinus), 168 *Neojurtina, 68 contingens (Pentatoma), 41 *Neoniphe, 40 convexa (Hoplistodera), 41 Neosalica, 164 coronatus (Aleimocoris), 3 nigrescens (Prionica), 43 crassiventris (Carbula), 3 nigridorsis (Asiarcha), 164 crucigera (Strachia), 4 *nigritus (Laprius), 3, 6 currens (Velia), 246 nigriventris (Aspongopus), 166 eyperi (Thripsaphis), 231 *nigroscutellata (Tessaratoma), 164, 15 Dabessus, 69 *nigrovittata (Neosalica), 164 denticulifera (Tetroda), 168 Niphe, 40 dilatata (Salvianus), 168 nubila (Agonoscelis), 4 diomedes (Eusthenes), 165 obscura (Cyclopelta), 166 dubius (Agothocles), 4, 42 obscurus (Amyntor), 3 *elongata (Liengia), 164, 166 obtusa (Tetroda), 169 *Epagathus, 68 ochraceum (Pycanum), 164 femoralis (Agonoscelis), 4 oculata (Dalpada), 3 ferruginescens (Tolumnia), 41 Origanus, 166 timbriata (Plantia), 4 *Ouscha, 4 flavescens (Ptyelus), 200 parallelum (Megymenuin), 166 fletcheri (Halyomorpha), 3 parva (Cyclopelta), 167 florens (Anaca), 4 perelegens (Dalpada), 3 *fraxini (Pterocomma), 233 picus (Halyomorpha), 3 fullo (Erthesina), 3 pomorum (Mylelaspis), 247 fuscus (Aspongopus), 166 ponderosum (Pyecanum), 164 glandulosa (Chalcopis), 168 populeus (Pterocomma), 233 guttiger (Husarcocoris), 3 pulchra (Anaca), 4 heros (Kurostus), 164 pulchrum (Kurydema), 4 hirundinis (Cimex), 149 quadrata (Tessaratoma), 164 histeroides (Tetroda), 168 quercus (Stomaphis), 300 Hoplistodera, 42 *raja (Menida), 4, 43 *humeralis (Kusthenes), 164, 165 robustus (Husthenes), 164 humeralis (Rhynchocoris), 4 rosaceus (Eusarcocoris), 3 imperialis (Hedobia), 200 | rostratus (Megarhynchus), 168 incarnatus (Catacanthus), 4 rubefactus (Husthenes), 164, 165 incisa (Hoplistodera), 41 | *rugosa (Cyclopelta), 166 insignis (Vitruvius), 164 *rugosus (Halys), 3, 5 jacez (Macrosiphum), 230 *rugulosa (Sacontala), 3, 42 } v OW \ an ‘ a ap" J fe pg ty aX. i N er oh we ‘a INDEX xl sevus (Eusthenes), 164 *tonkinensis (Agus), 3, 5 *salvazana (Gonopsis), 168 tonkinensis (Gonopsis), 168 *salvazana (Menida), 4, 68 *tonkinensis (Hoplistodara), 3, 41 scabrata (Metonymia), 168 *tonkinensis (Prionaca), 4, 43 scutellaris (Eusthenes), 164 truncatus (Megarhynchus), 168 scutellata (Carbula), 3 *typica (Neojurtina), 4, 63 *scutello-maculata (Hoplistodera), 3,41 | *Udonga, 69 smaragdina (Dalpada), 3 unicolor (Halyabbas), 3 speciosum (Stenozygum), 4, 42 valida (Cressona), 168 speciosum (Strachia), 42 varia (Dalpada), 3 *spinidens (Udonga), 69 vermicellaris (Plataspis), 174 spinosum (Megymenum), 166 *viridissima (Ouscha), 3, 5 *spiridens (Udonga), 4 viridula (Nezara), 4 *splendidus (Mattiphus), 164, 166 *vitalisana (Menida), 4, 43 subferruginea (Niphe), 3 *vitalisanus (Salvianus), 168 taurus (Placosternum), 4 vittativentris (Niphe), 3 tessellatus (Agseus), 3 *Xiengia, 164, 166 © Order XVI. NEUROPTERA alba (Chrysopa), 213 lutescens (Hemerobius), 213 Ascalaphus, 200 maculicollis (Raphidia), 212 capitata (Nothochrysa), 8 micans (Hemerobius), 212, 213 Chrysopa, 22 Nemopteron (recte Nemoptera), 80 chrysops (Osmylus), 89, 212 ottomanus (Ascalaphus), 247 communis (Panorpa), 78, 213 paganus (Micromus), 213 communis, var. aperta (Panorpa), 78 Palpares, 200 *communis, var. exstincta (Panorpa), 78 | perla (Chrysopa), 213 concinnus (Hemerobius), 213 prasina (Chrysopa), 213 elegans (Hemerobius), 212 quadrifasciatus (Hemerobius), 212 flava (Chrysopa), 213 Raphidia, 89, 212 fuliginosa (Sialis), 212 septempunctata (Chrysopa), 213 germanica (Panorpa) 213 stigma (Hemerobius), 103, 127, 212, 213 Hemerobius, 22, 212 subnebulosus (Hemerobius), 212, 213 humuli (Hemerobius), 212, 213 tenella (Chrysopa), 213 hyemalis (Boreus) 272 vittata (Chrysopa), 213 libelluloides (Palpares), 212 vulgaris (Chrysopa), 213 lutaria (Sialis), 212 vulgaris, form carnea (Chrysopa), 213 Order XVII. affinis (Limnophilus), 246 centralis (Limnophilus), 245 ciliaris (Notidobia), 245 conspersa (Plectrocnemia), 245 lunatus (Limnophilus), 246 marmoratus (Limnophilus), 246 Order XVIII. abboitii (Heodes), 299 abbreviata (Kupithecia), 80, 261 abjecta (Haina), 141 abjectana (Oxigrapha), 160 abruptaria (Hemerophila), 200 absinthia (Cucullia), 161 absinthiata (Eupithecia), 260 aceris (Acronycta), 91 achatis (Mamestra), 33 acis (Nomiades), 304 actzon (Adopea), 123 acteon (Thymelicus), 21 * MENS uae | pellucidula (Hydropsyche), 245 pilosa (Goéra), 245 sparsus (Limnophilus), 245 trimaculatus (Cyrnus), 245 xanthodes (Limnophilus), 246 LEPIDOPTERA. acuminatella (Gelechia), 90 | Wierdeaeaatn (Emmelesia), 56 | adusta (EHumichtis), 34 adsequata (Perizoma), 259 adippe (Argynnis), 86 adjustella (Blastobasis), 199 adoratrix (Colias), 156, 251, 253 adspersella (Depressaria), 76 adustata (Ligdia), 261 advena (Aplecta), 56 advenaria (Epione), 20, 144 wegidion (Plebeius), 282 Xll INDEX. segon (Plebeius), 21, 51, 56, 119, 272, | 290, 292, 296, 297 sgra (Colias), 186, 253 wquivalens (Nephele), 107 serata (Miana), 34 srugana (Oxigrapha), 158, 189, 210 wescularia (Anisopteryx), 283 zsculi (Nordmannia), 300 wthiops (Xylophasia), 35 affinis (Calymnia), 56 affinis (Cosmia), 143 affinitata (Perizoma), 259, 288 agathina (Agrotis), 32, 92 aglaia (Argynnis), 21, 50, 51, 79, 80, 100, 120, 122, 124, 295 agrammella (Coleopora), 219 agrippina (Thysania), 174 alba (Chrysophanus), 268 alba (Rumicia), 79, 300 albiana (Zygena), 150 albicans (Agriades), 22 albicillata (Mesoleuca), 259 albida (Epinephele), 51 albida (Platyptilia), 276 albimacula (Dianthecia), 93, 126 *albipicta (Hypena), 295 albipuncta (Leucania), 142 albipunctana (Peronea), 35 albipunctata (Eupithecia), 89, 260, 289, 293 albipunctella (Tinea), 117 *albisecta (Characoma), 237 albissima (Colias), 156, 253 *albistigma (Pangraptica), 273 alboflammana (Peronea), 14, 38, 64 albonigrana (Peronea), 38 alboruficostana (Peronea), 13, 38, 65 albovenosa (Arsilonche), 55, 56, 91 albovittana (Peronea), 39 albulalis (Nola), 10 albulata (Perizoma), 259 alchemillata (Perizoma), 259 aleiphron (Hysa), 149 aleyonipennella (Coleophora), 117 alexanor (Papilio), 17 alismana (Phalonia), 219 alni (Acronycta), 56, 91, 103, 173 alniaria (Ennomos), 282 alternata (Xanthorhoé), 246 ambigua (Caradrina), 242 ambigualis (Scoparia), 52 americana (Arctia), 238 amphidamas (Chrysophanus), 282 ampla (Colias), 187, 253 anceps (Zygeena), 150 angelicata (Hupithecia), 289 angustior (Colias), 280 annulata (Cosymbia), 286 anomala (Stilbia), 114 antiopa (Muvanessa), 24, 124, 243, 267, 291, 300 antiqua (Orgyia), 149 apennina (Agriades), 22 aphiraphe (Brenthis), 281 ‘apiciaria (Epione) 283 apollo (Parnassius), 80 | aprilina (Agriopis), 35 aquilina (Agrotis), 91 aquilo (Latiorina), 282 arceuthina (Argyresthia), 89 archippus (Danais), 211 arcuosa (Petilampa), 114 areola (Xylocampa), 115 arete (Aphantopus), 80 argentana (Ablabia), 90 *areentimarginata (Nygmia), 273 argentula (Bankia), 55 argiades (Everes), 269 argiolus (Celastrina), 51, 78, 120, 122, 147, 174, 197, 200, 240, 242, 296, 207 argiolus (Cyaniris), 290, 292 argus (Plebeius), 51, 282, 290 argyrognomon (Plebeius), 282 arion (Lycena), 103, 118 aristeus (Papilio), i80 armigera (Heliothis), 162, 224 | arsilache (Brenthis), 281 | artaxerxes (Aricia), 249 artemis (Melita), 124 arundinis (Nonagria), 55 ashworthii (Agrotis), 92 asinalis (Botys), 20 aspersana (Oxigrapha), 187 ' aspersella (Depressaria), 75 assimilata (Eupithecia), 80, 260 assimilis (Crymodes), 90 asteris (Cucullia), 161 astrarche (Aricia), 249 atalanta (Pyrameis), 18, 20, 21, 50, 51, 78, 86, 100, 101, 119, 120, 122, 128, 147, 148, 198, 238, 247, 268, 269, 281, 291, 295 athalia (Melitwa), 97, 300, 301 atomaria (Ematurga), 200, 288, 300 atrana (Peronea), 39 atrata (Odezia), 207 atricapitana (Hupeecilia), 117 atriplicis (Trachea), 140 atrofasciata (Colias), 185, 253 atropos (Acherontia), 146, 223 atropos (Manduca), 219, 291 attaliana (Peronea) 38, 65 aubuissoni (Colias), 185, 253 augur (Noctua), 32 aurago (Ochria), 143 aurago (Tiliacea), 200 aurana (Epinotia), 117 aurana (Trycheris), 117 aurantiaria (Hybernia), 283 aurantina (Lithosia), 12 aureola (Cryptocephalus), 200 auricoma (Acronycta), 91 auriflua (Porthesia), 270 aurinia (Melitsea), 50, 79, 267 aurorina (Colias), 186, 280 aurota (Rotlschildia), 247 austerata (Hupithecia), 260 *autocnista (Depressaria), 76 INDEX. autumnalis (Colias), 137, 253 autumnaria (Oporabia), 79 autumnata (Oporabia), 173, 258 avalon (Lycena), 103 aversata (Acidalia), 207 badiata (Anticlea), 260 baia (Noctua), 32 barrettii (Diantheecia), 93 *basalis (Pseudaglossa), 205 basilinea (Apamea), 34 bedellella (Klachista), 90 belgiaria (Scodiona), 254 bellargus (Agriades), 21, 51, 56, 121, 197, 241, 244, 297, 298 bentleyana (Peronea), 39 berenice (Anosia), 246 betule (Zephyrus), 51, 85, 122 betularia (Amphidasys), 219, 300 betularia (Pachys), 283 bianor (Papilio), 244 bicolorata (Mesoleiica), 259 bicolorata (Plemyria), 287 bicoloria (Miana), 34 bidentata (Gonodontis), 79, 148, 282 bifasciata (Perizoma), 259 bifida (Cerura), 144 bifractella (Aristotelia), 117 *biguttulata (Nygmia), 274 bilineata (Camptogramma), 259 bilineata (Clanis), 105 bilunaria (Selenia), 79, 282 *bimacula (Trigonodesma), 203 bimaculata (Colias), 186, 253 biobsoleta (Cosymbia), 286 bipuncta (Senta), 141 bisetata (Acidalia), 207 biundularia (Tephrosia), 56 blomeri (Asthena), 247 beeticus (Lampides), 80, 103, 244 boisduvali (Theretra), 109 bombyliformis (Sesia), 117 bore (CHineis), 281 borealis (Brenthis), 281 borealis (Phragmatobia), 10 brachydactylus (Pselinophorus), 90, 118 brachymorpha (Platyptilia), 275 bractea (Plusia), 116, 162 bradyporina (Acronycta), 90 brassice (Barathra), 33 brassice (Pieris), 19, 20, 21, 51, 79, 85, 100, 119, 122, 147, 151, 154, 173, 197, 201 *brevicauda (Sypna), 202 brevilinea (Leucania), 142 briseis (Hipparchia), 124 brumata (Cheimatobia), 208 brunnea (Calocampa), 115 brunnea (Colias), 157, 253 brunnea (Hydreecia), 113 brunnea (Noctua), 32 brunnea (Tzniocampa), 115 brunneana (Peronea), 38 brunneata (Halia), 56 brunneata (Thamnonoma), 103 Xiil brunnescens (Catocala), 162 bryonize (Pieris), 281, 300 buoliana (Retinia), 8 butleri (Dione), 276 byringerana (Tortrix), 16 c-album (Polygonia), 78, 101, 117, 193, 243, 244 ¢e-nigrum (Agrotis), 32 creea (Hyperanthus), 200 crerulea (Colias), 156, 253 cerulea (Polyommatus), 100, 240 _ creruleopunctata (Chrysophanus), 17, 78, 101, 121, 126, 241, 268, 296 ceruleopunctata (Rumicia), 300 crerulescens (Tveniocampa), 114 cesia (Diantheecia), 93 cwsiata (Entephria), 258 caia (Arctia), 11, 104,238, 247, 292 | californica (Coenonympha), 102 | caliginosa (Acosmetia), 142 callianthe (Actinote), 279 *callianthina (Hresia), 279 calluns (Lasiocampa), 104 callunaria (Kupithecia), 289 cambrica (Venusia), 258 campanulata (Kupithecia), 289 candiope (Polyommatus), 298 canidia (Pieris), 22 caniola (Lithosia), 12 canne (Nonagria), 141 capreolella (Depressaria), 117 capsincola (Dianthecia), 33 capsophila (Dianthcecia), 93 capucina (Miselia), 30 capucina (Peronea), 33, 66 cardamines (Euchloé), 44, 50, 51, 80, 85, 100, 119, 121, 122, 147, 148, 150,173, 175, 197, 199, 272, 295 *cardinalis (Nagoda), 274 cardui (Pyrameis), 20, 21, 50, 51,55, 79, 86, 100, 101, 117, 120, 122, 222, 241, 268, 270, 291, 295 carmelita (Odontosia), 221 carniolica (Zygena), 174 carpinata (Lobophora), 207 carpophaga (Diantheecia), 93 cashmirensis (Zygeena), 22 castanea (Noctua), 56, 92 castigata (Hupithecia), 260 catena (Augiades), 282 | caulosticta (Huchloé), 175 | ceacus (Callophrys), 297 cecilia (Erebia), 80 celata (‘Theretra), 108 centaurese (Hesperia), 282 centonalis (Nola), 10 *ceramensis (Oxyambulyx), 105 ceronus (Agriades), 247 cerri (Nordmannia), 300 *ceylonica (Tajuria), 206 cherophylella (Epermenia), 90, 118 chalcedon (Melita), 103 chamomille (Cucullia), 161 chantana (Peronea), 38, 68 XIV chariclea (Brenthis), 281 charlottana (Peronea), 15, 67 checla (Nygmia), 274 chi (Polia), 22, 223 christyi (Oporabia), 162 chrysanthemi (Zygena), 80, 300 chrysippus (Danais), 272 chrysitis (Plusia), 116 chryson (Plusia), 162 chrysorrhea (Euproctis), 144 chrysotheme (Colias), 137, 155, 157, 187 chrysothemeformis (Colias), 157, 253 chrysozona (Dianthescia), 93 cinerascens (Colias), 156, 252, 253 *cinerea (Agrotis), 32, 91 cinxia (Meliteea), 51, 80, 122, 217, 244, 301 circe (Satyrus), 124 circellaris (Amathes), 115 circellata (Acidalia), 220 clara (Polyommatus), 152 clathrata (Chiasmia), 284 cleodora (Kronia), 175 cleodoxa (Argynnis), 80 clotho (‘Theretra), 108 clysonymus (Heliconius), 279 clytus (Leptoneura), 103 coenia (Laslia), 8 cognata (‘Thera), 89 columbina (Nola), 9 combusta (Xylophasia), 34 combustana (Peronea), 16, 36, 102 comes (Triphwna), 92 comitata (Pelurga), 261 comma (Augiades), 51, 282, 296 comma (Leucania), 114 comma-notata (Cidaria), 258, 287 communans (Cnephasia), 127 complana (Lithosia), 116, 220 concinnata (Cidaria), 287 concolorata (Timoria), 109 conflua (Noctua), 33, 92 confusalis (Nola), 9 congener (Dyschorista), 115 conigera (Leucania), 114 connexa (Apamea), 141 consimiliana (Peronea), 39 consociella (Rhodophea), 132 consonaria (Tephrosia), 200 consortaria (Boarmia), 80 conspersa (Dianthecia), 33, 93 conspicillaris (Xylomyges), 93 constrictata (Hupithecia), 289 contigua (Mamestra), 93 contiguaria (Ptychopoda), 286 conturbatella (Mompha), 119 conyolvuli (Herse), 146 convolyuli (Sphinx), 291 cordigera (Anarta), 161 coronata (Eupithecia), 261 coronula (Acronycta), 91 corticea (Agrotis), 32, 173 corydon (Agriades), 16, 19, 21, 22, 48, 51, 79, 80, 87, 98, 102, 119. 120, 123, | 125, 292, 296, 297, 298 INDEX. corylata (Cidaria), 208 coryli (Demas), 31 cosmodactyla (Platyptilia), 276 cossus (Cossus), 101 costiestrigalis (Hypenodes), 163 costalis (Habrosyne), 237 costovata (Xanthorhoé), 175, 258 crabroniformis (Trochilium), 200, 284 cracce (Toxocampa), 162 crategana (Tortrix), 15 crategi (Aporia), 98, 219 crateegi (Trichiura), 85 cremone (Colias), 157, 251, 253 crenulata (Platyptilia), 275 crepuscularia (Tephrosia), 78, 283 cretaceus (Plebeius), 297 cribrum (Coscinia), 11 cribrumalis (Herminia), 163 crinanensis (Gortyna), 113 crinanensis (Hydrecia), 113, 141 cristalana (Peronea), 38 cristana (Peronea), 12, 35, 64, 79, 102, 299 croceus (Colias), 135, 150, 153, 184, 200, 242, 251, 279 crocosticta (Amyna), 237 *erystalina (Hueides), 279 cucubali (Diantheecia), 33 cuculla (Lophopteryx), 144, 221 cucullata (Anticlea), 288 cucullatella (Nola), 10 culiciformis (Sesia), 101 *cuneata (Aricia), 249 cupreopuncta (Chrysophanus), 297 cupreopuncta (Rumicia), 126 cursoria (Agrotis), 91 curtisana (Peronea), 14, 39, 67 curzoni (Eupithecia), 289 cyanosticta (Vanessa), 20, 121 cydippe (Argynnis), 50, 51, 56, 80, 120, 145, 295 cynthia (Melitea), 267 cyparissus (Glaucopsyche), 281 cytisi (Zygena), 22 dahlii (Noctua), 33, 92 *daiseni (Daimio), 181 dalella (Plutella), 90 dardanus (Papilio), 300 deannulata (Colias), 186, 253 debiliata (Eupithecia), 289 decoraria (Cosymbia), 286 deflexana (Cydia), 229 defoharia (Hybernia), 45, 85, 118, 223, 283 degeneraria (Ptychopoda), 286 delamerensis (Tephrosia), 56 deleta (Aricia), 250 denotata (Hupithecia), 289 dentina (Mamestra), 33 deplana (Lithosia), 12, 116 depuncta (Noctua), 92 derivalis (Herminia), 163 deserticola (Colias), 157, 253 | desfontainana (Peronea), 37 INDEX. designata (Coremia), 258 destrigata (Boarmia), 283 didyma (Melitsea), 80 didymata (Malenydris), 258 dieckmanni (Habrosyne), 238 diluta (Asphalia), 223 dilutata (Euchloé), 175 dilutata (Oporabia), 56, 79, 258 dimidiana (Peridrina), 101 dimidiata (Ptychopoda), 102, 207 dipsacea (Heliothis), 161 disa (Hrebia), 266, 281 discordella (Colephora), 90 discreta (Aricia), 250 discreta (Polyommatus), 175 dispar (Chrysophanus), 16, 98, 149, 247, 303 dispar (Ocneria), 8 dispar (Seiapteron), 149 disparata (Eupithecia), 260 distinctaria (Hupithecia), 260, 289 distincta-scotica (Mamestra), 33 ditrapezium (Noctua), 92 divisa (Colias), 186, 253 dodoneata (Eupithecia), 261 dohertyi (Mimacrea), 300 dolabraria (Eurymene), 283 dominula (Callimorpha), 11 dorsana (Stigmonota), 89 dorsilunana, 229 dorus (Ceenonympha), 124 doubledayaria (Amphidasys), 219, 300 dubitata (Triphosa), 208 dumerilii (Luperina), 141 duplana (Kvetria), 89 duplex (Colias), 280 duplicana, 229 *dyala (Zegris), 151 Eacles, 22 *eborina (Cybosia), 12 eburnata (Ptychopoda), 286 edusa (Colias), 18, 19, 20, 21, 50, 51, 79, 80, 85, 88, 100, 121, 122, 124, 135, 150, 153, 184, 200, 242, 244, 251, 253 279, 292 edwardsi (Attacus), 22 egeria (Pararge), 20, 86, 120, 123, 173, 247, 294, 296 egerides (Pararge), 20, 50, 51, 86, 120, 125, 173, 197, 296 “elena (Actinote), 278 elinguaria (Crocalis), 283 emarginata (Acidalia), 56, 220 embla (Erebia), 281 emortualis (Zanclognatha), 163 ephialtes (Zygena), 174 epiphron (Brebia), 57, 195 erate (Colias), 252 ericetaria (Selidosema), 284 eryphyle (Colias), 103 erythrocephala (Orrhodia), 143 erxia (Euchloé), 175 escheri (Agriades), 124 *ethiopica (Heodes), 299 Hupheme (Zegris), 151 euphorbix (Celerio), 146 euphorbiw (Hylas), 102, 247 euphrosyne (Brenthis), 50, 51, 79, 86, 100, 120, 122, 124, 172, 173, 197, 222, 281 europome (Colias), 154 europomene (Colias), 157 eurybia (Heodes), 247 | eurytheme (Colias), 157 exanthemata (Cabera), 261 exclamationis (Agrotis), 32, 91 exigua (Caradrina), 142 exigua (Laphygma), 224 | exiguata (Hupithecia), 261 exilis (Brephidium), 103 | exoleta (Calocampa), 104, 115, 119, 120 exoleta (Xylina), 267 extensaria (Kupithecia), 289 extranea (Leucania), 79, 142 extrema (Tapinostola), 142 exulis (Crymodes), 90, 93 fabriciana (Simathis), 225 fagella (D.), 147 fagi (Stauropus), 247 faille (Colias), 185, 251, 253 falcataria (Drepana), 9 falcipennis (Ozola), 238 farinalis (Pyralis), 221 fasciata (Lobophora), 207 fasciata (Miana), 34 fasciuncula (Miana), 34 favicolor (Leucania), 142 favigora (Ornix), 117 ferrago (Leucania), 114 ferrea (Amathes), 115 ferrugata (Coremia), 258 ferruginia (Xanthia), 104 festuce (Plusia), 116 fibrosa (Helotropha), 113 filigrammaria (Oporabia), 79 filipendule (Zygena), 22, 80, 150, 152, 174, 272, 284, 295, 300 fimbria (Triphena), 33 fimbriana (Coccyx), 126 fimbriolata (Acidalia), 207 fingal (Brenthis), 266, 281 finitima (Apamea), 34 flammatra (Noctua), 92 flammea (Trigonophora), 19, 141 flammeana (Peronea), 39 flava (Adopxa), 21, 51, 87, 120 flava (Lithosia), 12 *flavana (Oxigrapha), 185 *flavana (Peronea), 36, 67 flavescens (Cybosia), 12 flavescens (Polyommatus), 298 flavicincta (Polia), 223 flavicornis (Cymatophora), 56 flavicornis (Polyploca), 78 flavida (Colias), 157, 253 flavofasciata (Perizoma), 259 flavomarginata (Nygmia), 274 flexula (Laspeyria), 163 xvi floslactata (Acidalia), 286 fluctuata (Xanthorhoé), 85, 175, 198, 258, 287 fluviata (Cidaria), 288 formiciformis (Sesia), 117 fowleri (Agriades), 21 fracta (Pyrameis), 268 fragilis (Platyptilia), 276 fraternella (Gelechia), 119 fraxinata (Kupithecia), 289 fraxini (Catocala), 162, 244 fraxini (Zygena), 174 freija (Brenthis), 265, 266, 281 frigga (Brenthis), 266, 281 fuciformis (Hemaris), 88, 200 fuliginaria (Parascotia), 163 fuliginosa (Phragmatobia), 10, 147 fulva (Tapinostola), 113 fulvago (Xanthia), 115 *fulvana (Peronea), 37, 64 fulvata (Cidaria), 208 fulviguttella (Cataplectica), 118 fulvocristana (Peronea), 39 *fulvoliterana (Oxigrapha), 135, 158 *fulvomaculana (Oxigrapha), 159 fulvomixtana (Oxigrapha), 209 fulvonigra (Nygmia), 273 *fulvopunctana (Peronea), 37 fulvosignata (Colias), 157, 253 fulvostriana (Peronea), 15, 35 fulvovittana (Peronea), 39 fumosa (Agrotis), 32 fumosa (Selidosema), 284 furcata (Hydriomena), 288 furcifera (Graptolitha), 161 furcula (Cerua), 103 furva (Hama), 34, 141 fuscana (Peronea), 38 fuscatus (Teeniocampa), 114 fuscicornis (Platyptilia), 276 fusconebulosa (Hepialus), 90 galactinus (Coenonympha), 102 galatea (Melanargia), 19, 21, 50, 51, 56, 104, 122, 125, 303 galiata (Xanthorhoé), 258 gallicus (Hepialus), 90, 285 gamma (Plusia), 87, 96, 116 gemina (Apamea), 34 geminipuncta (Nonagria), 218 gemmaria (Boarmia), 217, 283 gilvago (Xanthia), 56 glareosa (Noctua), 32, 56, 92 glauca (Mamestra), 33, 89, 93 glicia (Colias), 198 globulariew (Ino), 79, 240 glycera (Dione), 276 glycerion (Papilio), 103 gnaphalii (Cucullia), 161 gnophota (Dione), 276 gonerilla (Pyrameis), 238 goossensiata (Eupithecia), 260 gothica (Twniocampa), 85, 114, 142, 222 | gothicina (Tzniocampa), 114, 142 gracilis (Teniocampa), 115, 142 INDEX. graminis (Chareas), 34, 296 *orandis (Cogia), 181 grandis (H.), 22 grisea (Tzeniocampa), 115 grisealis (Zanclognatha). 15, 206 *griseana (Oxigrapha), 158 grisearia (Perconia), 254 griseata (Lithostege), 286 *oriseisigna (Hucampina), 202 griseola (Lithosia), 12, 56 grossulariata (Abraxas), 52, 79, 178, 261, 301 guenéii (Luperina), 141 gulliaria (Selenia), 282 gumpinana (Peronea), 39, 66 haliphron (Papilio), 149 halterata (Lobophora), 55, 207 hastata (Eulype), 200, 259 hastata (Melanippe), 55, 104 hastiana (Peronea), 150, 188 hastiana (Tortrix), 16, 102 *hawkeri (Clanis), 106 haworthiata (Hupithecia), 260 haworthii (Celena), 34 hebridicola (Agrotis), 32 hecla (Colias), 265, 280, 281 hectus (Hepialus), 285 hecuba (Ornithoptera), 272 heegeriella (Lithocolletis), 90 hela (Brenthis), 251 heldreichi (Colias), 186, 280 helena (Colias), 185, 253 helice (Colias), 18, 21, 51, 79, 80, 136, 150, 158, 252, 253, 280, 292 helicina (Colias), 186, 154, 187, 253 heliconioides (Hueides), 279 helops (Cechenea), 108 helveticaria (Eupithecia), 90, 289 helvola (Amathes), 115 helvola (Lithosia), 12 hepatica (Xylophasia), 35 herbariata (Ptychopoda), 286 hermanella (Aristotelia), 119 hermione (Satyrus), 123 heroldella (Swammerdamia), 118 hethlandica (Dianthcecia), 93 hexadactyla (Orneodes), 274 hibernica (Euchloé) 175 hippocastanaria (Pachyenemia), 220 hippocrepidis (Zygena), 174, 200, 272, 295 hippothoé (Chrysophanus), 282 hippothoé (Heodes), 247 hispidaria (Apocheima), 85 hispidaria (Nyssia), 56, 103, 223 hispulla (Epinephele), 52, 80, 299 histrionica (Noctua), 267 histrionica (Prodenia), 267 holosericata (Ptychopoda), 286 homerus (Papilio), 222 huebneri (Orneodes), 275 humiliata (Ptychopoda), 286 humuli (Hepialus), 284 hutchinsoni (Polygonia), 117 INDEX. hyale (Colias), 19, 51, 79, 135, 241, 242, 251, 270, 292 hyemalis (Boreus), 272 hyperanthus (Aphantopus), 51, 80, 87, 100, 120, 200, 296 hyperborea (Agrotis), 92 hypophleas (Chrysophanus), 266, 282 ianira (Epinephele), 299 ianthina (Tripheena), 33 icarinus (Polyommatus), 175, 298 icarus (Polyommatus), 21, 100, 102, 103, 120, 152, 174, 175, 240, 281, 296, 298 ida (Epinephele), 124 iduna (Melitwa), 266, 281 ignita (Rumicia), 300 ilicifolia (Gastropacha), 9 ilicis (Nordmannia), 300 illustraria (Selenia), 291 immanata (Cidaria), 208, 287, 289 immorata (Acidalia), 79, 286 immutata (Acidalia), 144 impar (Bryophila), 91 imperialis (E.), 22 impluviata (Hydriomena), impressa (Lelia), 273 impura (Leucania), 114 incarnata (Theretra), 108 incerta (Twniocampa), 114, 142 indica (Pyrameis), 269 *indigata (Amyna), 237 indigata (Eupithecia) 245, 260 infuscata (Acronycta), 91 infuscata (Camptogramma), 259 infuscata (Xylophasia), 35 innotata (Kupithecia), 289 ino (Brenthis), 281 inornata (Acidalia), 207 insignata (Eupithecia), 288 instabilis (Tzniocampa), 114 insulana (Peronea), 38, 65 interjecta (Triphena), 117 intermedia (Chrysophanus), 297 intermedia (Rumicia), 300 *intermedia-fumosa (Selidosema), 284 intermediana (Peronea), 38 internodimidiata (Colias), 186, 253 *“interposita (Cechenea), 108 interrogationis (Plusia), 116, 162 *interrupta (Papilio), 180 interruptana, 229 inturbata (Mupithecia), 144 259 io (Vanessa), 19, 20, 21, 50, 51, 86, 100, 119, 122, 148, 173, 175, 292, 295 iota (Plusia), 116 iris (Apatura), 24, 79 irrecularis (Dianthecia), 93 irriguata (Eupithecia), 288 irrorana (Oxigrapha), 135, 160, 189 isis (Brenthis), 266, 281 itea (Vanessa), 239 jacobs (Hipocrita), 12, 272 jansoniana (Peronea), 39, 66 US SA) Leith 197, 151, XVll janthinana (Laspeyresia), 118 japonica (Papilio), 244 jasioneata (Hupithecia), 289 jehana (Tajuria), 206 *jéra (Colias), 265 juncta (Plusia), 116 juniperata (Thera), 104 jurtina (Epinephile), 20, 21, 51, 80, 87, 100, 117, 120, 125, 197, 296, 301 jutta (Gineis), 281 klemensiewiezi (Pyrameis), 268 lacertinaria (Drepana), 9, 126 lactearia (Iodis), 53, 207 lacteola (Lithosia), 12 laertes (Morpho), 174 laeta (Misurgina), 150 lapidata (Phibalapteryx), 90, 289 lappona (Erebia), 265, 281 lapponaria (Nyssia), 89 lapponica (Brenthis), 265, 281 lapponica (Colias), 281 lariciata (Hupithecia), 52, larus (Libythea), 222 lathonia (Issoria), 244 lathyrana, 229 lathyri (Epithectis), 90 latifasciata (Oporabia), 258 latruncula (Miana), 34 lavatere ele aie 200 lefebyrei (Hrebia), 8 leguminana (Cydia), Mes *leighi (Nephele), 107 lenzus (Papilio), 180 leporina (Acronycta), 31, 90 leucographa (Pachnobia), 142 leucophea (Pachetra), 98, 219 leucophearia (Hybernia), 22, 85, leucostigma (Helotropha), 113 libatrix (Scoliopteryx), 116 lichenana (Peronea), 12, 65, 102 lichenaria (Cleora), 283, 293 lienigianus (Pterophorus), 276 ligea (Erebia), 281 lignea (Blastobasis), 199 ligniperda (Cossus), 79 ligula (Orrhodia), 115 ligustri (Acronycta), 91 ligustri (Sphinx), 80, 200, 300 limitata (Ortholitha), 207 lineola (Coleophora), 117 linus (Pterophorus), 276 literana (Leptogramma), 79 literana (Oxigrapha), 129, 157, 173, 187, 196, 209, 299 literosa (Miana), 34 lithargyria (Leucania), 114 lithoxylea (Xylophasia), 34 littoralis (Noctua), 267 52, 79, 294, 260 223 | litura (Noctua), 267 litura (Prodenia), 267 liturata (Semiothisa), 283 livornica (Deilephila), 146 livornica (Phryxus), 51, 175 Xvill logwa (Evetria), 89 longipennis (Hypena), 204 lonicere (Zygena), 150, 152, 284 lota (Amathes), 115 lubricipeda (Spilosoma), 10 lucens (Hydrecia), 113, 141 lucernea (Agrotis), 292 lucina (Nemeobius), 51, 120, 122, 196,197 lucipara (Euplexia), 113 luctifera (Heise), 109 luctuosa (Acontia), 55 luneburgensis (Aporephyla), 141 lupulinus (Hepialus), 285 lutea (Xanthia), 116 luteolata (Opisthograptis), 283 lutosa (Calamia), 114 lutulenta (Aporophyla), 141 *luzonensis (Hypena), 203 lychnidis (Amathes), 115, 144 lychnitis (Cucullia), 20, 161 lycidas (Plebeius), 49 maacki (Papilio), 244 maccana (Peronea), 102 machaon (Papilio), 17, 54, 55, 79, 98, 151, 281 macilenta (Amathes), 115 macrops /Grishna), 22 magnifica (Eastes), 247 majalis (Papilio), 244 major (Bithys), 102 major (Colias), 280 major (Hipparchia). 124 malve (Hesperia), 51, 56, 87, 97, 120, 148, 195, 197, 200, 218, 241 malvoides (Hesperia), 97 mantissa (Pyralis), 157 manto (rebia), 80 *manuselensis (Theretra), 108 margaritaria (Metrocampa), 261 marginaria (Hybernia), 223, 283 marginata (Agriades), 298 marginata (Lomaspilis), 261 maritima (Senta), 55, 141 marmarodactyla (Platyptilia), 276 marmorata (Cidaria), 208, 287 marshalli (Mimacrea), 300 masoniana (Peronea), 39, 67 matronalis (Parasemia), 151 matura (Cerigo), 34 maturna (Melitea), 267 maura (Mormo), 113 mauretanica (Celerio), 146 mediterranea (Colias), 140 medon(Aricia),51,79,80,121,125,296,298 | medusa (Erebia), 281 megacephala (Acronycta), 31 megera (Pararge), 19, 20, 50, 51, 86, 100, 120, 123, 125, 173, 197, 269, 292, 293, 294, 296 melaleuca (Xylomyges), 93 melanitica (Colias), 184, 253 melanocephala (Acronycta), 90 melanopa (Anarta), 161 melanotoxa (Polyommatus), 298 INDEX. mendica (Diaphora), 10 menestho (Zegris), 151 menthastri (Spilosoma), 10, 104, 200 menyanthidis (Acronycta), 32 merlana (Peronea), 38 mesomella (Cybosia), 12, 79 mesopotamica (Zephyrus), 199 *metallica (Orses), 183 meticulosa (Phlogophora), 113, 147 metra (Pieris), 172 mi (Huclidia), 116 miata (Cidaria), 208 micacea (Hydrecia), 113, 144 micans (Colias), 185, 253, 280 microclea (Heliconius), 151 minimus (Cupido), 21, 51, 125, 200, 296, 297 miniosa (Teniocampa), 196, 223 minor (Colias), 136, 158, 186, 253, 280 minor (Polyommatus), 298 *mixtana (Oxigrapha), 135, 161, 189 monacha (Lymantria), 8 monacharia (Phigalia), 101, 103 moneta (Dione), 276 monoglypha (Xylophasia), 35 montana (Alucita), 275 montanata (Xanthorhoé), 200, 258, 288 mori (Bombyx), 55 morpheus (Caradrina), 114 morpheus (Heteropterus), 80 multistrigaria (Malenydris), 258 multistrigaria (Xanthorhoé), 118 munda (Tzniocampa), 115, 143 munitata (Coremia), 208 muralis (Bryophila), 91 muscerda (Lithosia), 12 musculosa (Synia), 142 myellus (Crambus), 90 myopeformis (Sesia), 196 myrtilli (Anarta), 116 nanata (Eupithecia), 261 napi (Pieris), 20, 21, 22, 51, 80, 100, 104 119, 122, 147, 173, 197, 201, 281, 300 nastes (Colias), 281 navarina (Melitaa), 300 nebulosa (Aplecta), 33, 92 *nebulosa (Hypena), 204 nebulosus (Noctua), 56 neglecta (Noctua), 56 neria (Hresia), 279 nerii (Daphnis), 146 ni (Plusia), 162 | nictitans (Hydreecia), 113 nigra (Aporophyla), 35, 90 nigra (Epunda), 223 nigrana (Peronea), 39 nigrescens (Dyschorista), 115 | nigrescens (Luperina), 34 nigricans (Agrotis), 32, 91 nigricans (Zygena), 272 nigrina (Limenitis), 88 nigrocostana (Peronea), 38, 65 | nigrocristana (Peronea), 38 | nigrofasciaria (Anticlea), 260 nigrofasciata (Colias), 185, 253 *nigromaculana (Oxigrapha), 135, 209 nigropunctana (Peronea), 16, 35, 64 nigropunctata (Acidalia), 286 *nigropunctata (Pieris), 125 nigrosubroseata (Cosymbia), 80, 286 nigrosubyittana (Peronea), 38 nimbana (Catoptria), 302 *nitida (Lelia), 273 niveana (Peronea), 188 norna ((neis), 265, 281 notabilis (Heliconius), 151 notata (Macaria), 53 notatana (Oxigrapha), 157 nupta (Catocala), 162 obelisca (Agrotis), 91 obeliscata (Thera), 208, 301 obliterata (Rumicia), 300 obliterata (Thera), 208 oblongata (Eupithecia), 260 obscura (Agrotis), 20, 56, 92 obscura (Grammesia), 114 obscura (Zygena), 272 obscurata (Hybernia), 283 obscuripunctella (Perittia), 90 obsitalis (Hypena), 204 obsoleta (Colias), 185, 253, 280 obsoleta (Cosymbia), 286 obsoleta (Leucania), 142 obsoleta (Rumicia), 300 obsoleta (Zephyrus), 125 obstipata (Cidaria), 288 occulta (Kurois), 92 ocellaris (Mellinia), 143 ocellata (Mesoleuca), 259 ocellatus (Smerinthus), 80, 147 ochracea (Ochria), 113 ochrata (Ptychopoda), 286 ochreana (Peronea), 39, 67 ochreapunctana (Peronea), 35 ochreola (Lithosia), 12 ochroleuca (Eremobia), 140 octogesima (Cymatophora), 56 ocularis (Cymatophora), 85 cedipus (Ccenonympha), 80 oleagina (Valeria), 140 oleracea (Mamestra), 33 olivacea (Polia), 22 ononaria (Aplastis), 285 oo (Dicycla), 142 ophiogramma (Apamea), 34, 141 opima (Txniocampa), 115, 142, 222 optilete (Glaucopsyche), 282 orbicularia (Cosymbia), 286 orbiculoides (Cosymbia), 286 orbitulus (Latiorina), 282 orbona (Triphena), 33, 92 orion (Diptera), 88 Orneodes, 274 osseata (Ptychopoda), 286 ossianus (Brenthis), 266, 281 otregiata (Cidaria), 52 otregiata (Lampropteryx), 52 oxyacanthe (Lithocolletis), 117 INDEX. | oxyacanthe (Miselia), 35 pabulatricula (Apamea), 141 paleeno (Colias), 157, 281 paleacea (Cosmia), 142 palealis (Spilodes), 302 pales (Brenthis), 266, 281 pallens (Leucania), 114 pallida (Agrotis), 32 pallida (Colias), 136, 158, 253 pallida (Drepana), 9 pallida (Teniocampa), 115 paludata (Carsia), 56 paludis (Hydrecia), 113, 141 palustraria (Hupithecia), 288 pamphilus (Ccoenonympha), 20, 51, 56, 100, 102, 120, 121, 125, 175, 197, 242, 290, 294, 296 paphia (Dryas), 21, 44, 50, 51, 56, 70, 80, 88, 120, 122, 124, 145, 197, 295 papilionaria (Geometra), 207, 285 papuana (Cechenea), 108 *papuensis (Theretra), 108 parisiensis (Agriades), 298 parthenias (Brephos), 147, 301 parva (Thalpochares), 162 parvipuncta (Chrysophanus), 102 parvipuncta (Plebeius), 175 parvipuncta (Rumicia), 300 pascuellus (Crambus), 15 passa (Colias). 157, 253 pavonia (Saturnia), 118, 220 pedaria (Phigalia), 85, 101, 103, 283 peltigera (Heliothis), 51, 164 pendularia (Cosymbia), 80, 286 pendularia (Ephyra). 207 pennaria (Himera), 56, 282 penziana (Sciaphila), 104 percontationis (Plusia), 116 perfusca (Noctua), 33 perfuscata (Cidaria), 208 perisa (Actinote). 278 perla (Bryophila), 91, 223 perlepidana (Acrolepia), 117 perlepidana (Laspeyresia), 229 perochraria (Ptychopoda), 286 persea (Melita), 151 *peruviana (Pachygonia), 107 petraria (Lozogramma), 284 *philippensis (Nygmia), 274 phleas (Chrysophanus), 17, 21, 51, 87, 100, 101, 102, 117, 118, 119, 121, 125, 126, 147, 241, 242, 268, 270, 282, 293, 296 phleas (Heodes), 299 phleas (Rumicia), 22, 78, 79, 80, 175, 200, 300, 301 pheebe (Melitza), 79, 97 pica (Ozola), 238 picata (Kuphyia), 102, 288 piceata (Lampropteryx), 208 pilleriana (Oxigrapha), 187 pilosaria (Phigalia), 85 piniaria (Bupalus), 283 pinastri (Hyloicus), 77 XX INDEX. pinastri (Sphinx), 22 pinguinalis (A.), 15 pini (Hupithecia), 288 piniaria (Bupalus), 22 piniperda (Panolis), 114, 199 pisi (Mamestra), 33 plagiata (Anaitis), 207 plantaginis (Nemophila), 293 plantaginis (Parasemia), 11, 151, 292 plecta (Noctua), 33 plexippus (Anosia), 146, 210 plumaria (Selidosema), 151 plumbaria (Ortholitha), 89, 207 pluimbata (Mesoleuca), 259 plumbeolata (Hupithecia), 55, 260 plumigera (Ptilophora), 144, 200 podalirius (Papilio), 54, 200, 247 poeyii (Dione), 276 polaris (Aglais), 280 polaris (Brenthis), 281 polaris (Krebia), 265, 281 politana (Lophoderus), 101 pollutaria (Lomaspilia), 261 pollux (Erebia), 265, 281 polychloros (Hugonia), 50, 51, 119, 122, 197, 295 polygrammata (Huphyia), 288 popularis (Kpineuronia), 34 populata (Lygris), 208 populi (Amorpha), 80 porata (Kphyra), 22 poseidon (Ornithoptera), 272 postchantana (Peronea), 38, 65 potatoria (Cosmotriche). 80 potatoria (Odonestis), 56 preecox (Agrotis), 91 precurrens (Nygmia), 274 prasina (Kurois), 33 prasinana (Hylophila), 148 pratellus (Crambus), 15 *pratti (Clanis), 105 priamus (Ornithoptera), 272 primule (Noctua), 33, 92 proboscidalis (Hypena), 206 prochantana (Peronea), 35, 64 procristalana (Peronea), 39, 66 prodomana (Philedone), 101, 173 prodromaria (Pachys), 175 profanana (Peronea), 15, 38, 65 profundana (Kucosma), 117 pronuba (Triphena), 33, 175, 199, 271 propinquella (Mompha), 117 prosapiaria (HKllopia), 261 prostriana (Peronea), 38, 64, 65 protea (Humichtis), 34 provittana (Peronea), 14, 36, 65 proxanthovittana (Peronea), 14, 37, 64 pruinata (Pseudoterpna), 207 prunata (Lygris), 208 pruni (Strymon), 200 pruni (Thecla), 19, 85 pseudathalia (Melitaa), 97 pseudomas (Colias), 280 psi (Acronycta), 32 pudorina (Leucania), 56 pulchella (Deiopeia), 11, 146, 270, 291, 298 pulchellata (Eupithecia), 260 pulcherrimella (Depressaria), 90 pulchrina (Plusia), 116, 118 pulveraria (Numeria), 261 pulyerulenta (Tzniocampa), 143 pumilata (Hupithecia), 144, 261 puncta (Polyommatus), 241 punctalis (Stenia), 117 punctana (Peronea), 38 punctaria (Ephyra), 22 punctata (Agriades), 298 pupillana (Catoptria), 117 purdeyana (Peronea), 39, 66 purpuralis (Pyrausta), 174 purpurascens (Colias), 280 pusaria (Cabera), 261 pusillata (Kupithecia), 144 puta (Agrotis), 293 putrescens (Leucania), 142 putris (Axylia), 33 pygmeata (Hupithecia), 260, 258 pyraliata (Cidaria), 208 pyralina (Calymnia), 142 pyramidea (Amphipyra), 114, 173 pyrenaica (Colias), 137, 186, 253 quadrifasciaria (Xanthorhoé), 288 quadripunctata (Caradrina), 114 quercifolia (Gastropacha), 296 quercinaria (Ennomos), 282 quercus (Bithys), 102, 200 quercus (Lasiocampa), 9, 118 quercus (Zephyrus), 51, 88, 125, 199, 296, 297 radiata (Chiasma), 214 radiata (Rumicia), 300 radiata (Spilosoma), 10 rape (Pieris), 20, 21, 22, 51, 79, 85, 100, 119, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 147, 150, 172, 173, 175, 197, 201, 295 ravida (Agrotis), 20 rectangulata (Chloroclystis), 261 remutaria (Acidalia), 286 renago (Dicycla), 142 repandata (Boarmia), 283 resinella (Evetria), 89 reticulata (Hustroma), 286 reticulata (Neuria), 93, 143 retiella (Whittleia), 302 retusa (Plastenis), 143 | revayana (Sarrothripus), 10, 56 rex (Papilio), 3u0 rhamni (Gonepteryx), 50, 51, 79, 85, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 147, 173, 292, 295 rhododactylus (Platyptilia), 220 rhombalis (Hypena), 204 ribbei (Pachygonia), 107 ricini (Eueides), 279 ridens (Polyploca), 117 ridicula (Colias), 154 ripe (Agrotis), 91 INDEX. rivata (Xanthorhoé), 246 roboraria (Boarmia), 143 robsoni (Aplecta), 92 romanana (Oxigrapha), 135, 157 rosea (Agrotis), 32 rosea (‘T'eniocampa), 115 rosea (Xylocampa), 115 rossica (Callimorpha), 11 ruberata (Hydriomena), 28!) rubi (Bombyx), 117 rubi (Callophrys), 51, 100, 120, 148, 173, 197, 199, 200, 297 rubi (Macrothylacia), 9, 220 rubi (Noctua), 33 rubiginata (Acidalia), 256 rubiginea (Orrhodia), 143 rubricosa (Pachnobia), 114 rufa (Ccenobia), 221 rufa (Dyschorista), 115 rufa (Teniocampa), 115 rufa (Triphena), 33, 92 rufescens (Calamia), 114 rufescens (Tzeniocampa), 115, 142 ruficostana (Peronea), 13, 38, 64, 65 rufina (Anchocelis), 223 ; rufinigrina (Peronea), 38 rufopunctata (Papilio), 151 rumicis (Acronycta), 32, 91 rumina (Thais), 200 rupicapraria (Hybernia), 283 rurea (Xylophasia), 34 rustica (Diaphora), 10 rustica (Phlegethontius), 199 rutilus (Chrysophanus), 149, 247 rutilus (Papilio), 103 sacraria (Rhodometra), 286 sagittata (Cidaria), 258 salicalis (Madopa), 163 salicata (Malenydris), 258 salicella (Cheimophila), 117 salicella (Dasystoma), 117 salicis (Acronycta), 32, 91 salmacis (Aricia), 249 sambucalis (EKbulea), 293 sambucaria (Ourapteryx), 269, 271, 283 sanio (Diacrisia), 11, 220, 293 sara (Anthocharis), 103 satellitia (Scopelosoma), 104, 115 satura (Humichtis), 93 satyrata (Hupithecia), 260, 289 saucia (Agrotis), 32 saucia (Eupsilia), 143 saucia (Peridromia), 104 saxifrage (Zelleria), 90 scandinavica (Hrebia), 281 scandinavica (Pieris), 281 schmidtii (Chrysophanus), 242, 296 schrebersiana (Phtheochroa), 227 scincula (Drepana), 9 scintillans (Nygmia), 274 scoliiformis (Lesia), 301 scoparia (Agrotis), 32 scotica (Acronycta), 32 scutulata (Ptychopoda), 102 XXl secalis (Apamea), 34 segetum (Agrotis), 32, 91, 148, 293 selene (Brenthis), 17, 50, 56, 86, 100, 117, 120, 122, 147, 243, 269, 281, 293 semele (Hipparchia), 20, 51, 79, 100, 101, 120, 296 semele (Satyrus), 79 semi-allous (Aricia), 249 semiargus (Nomiades), 281 | semibrunnea (Lithophane), 161 semicostella (Sophronia), 119 semidivisa (Colias), 186, 255 semi-obsoleta (Agriades), 125 semi-obsoleta (Colias), 186, 253 semistriana (Peronea), 39, 66 semisyngrapha (Agriades), 16, 125 semiustana (Peronea), 15, 37 senex (Nudaria), 144 sepiana (Peronea), 16 sequana (Peronea), 16, 36, 102 serena (Hecatera), 34 seriata (Colias), 186, 253 sericana (Peronea), 3d sericea (Lithosia), 12 | sericealis (Rivula), 116 serpentata (Ptychopoda), 286 sexalisata (Lobophora), 208 shaste (Platyptilia), 276 shetlandica (Xanthorhoé), 258 sibylla (Limenitis), 19, 44, 50, 51, 45, 70, 76, 80, 86, 88, 120, 122, 197 sicula (Drepana), 9 siliaceata (Hustroma), 208 similis (Porthesia), 219, 269, 270, 293, 301 simularis (Agrotis), 91 sinapis (Leptosia) 79, 124, 197 sinelinea Leucania), 142 sinuana (Peedisca), 104 siterata (Cidaria), 208 | sobrina (Noctua), 92 socia (Lithophane), 115, 161 sociata (Epirrhoé), 285 sociata (Xanthorhoé), 53, 246, 258 solutella (Gelechia), 90 sordidata (Hydriomena), 259 sororcula (Lithosia), 12 *southiana (Peronea), 36 spadiceana (Peronea), 38 sparganii (Nonagria), 141 sparsana (Tortrix), 16 spartiata (Chesias), 207 sphinx (Asteroscopus), 115 spini (Klugia), 300 | splendens (Mamestra), 33 | spoliata (Acidalia), 207 sponsa (Catocala), 88 | sponsana (Peronea), 188 | squamana (Oxigrapha), 159, 160, 188, 209 squamulana (Oxigrapha), 136, 157, 188, 189, 210 stabilis (Tw#niocampa), 114 | statices (Ino), 56, 284 XXi steinerti (Acronycta), 173 | stellatarum (Macroglossa), 117, 118, 146 stieberi (Chrysophanus), 282 straminalis (Evergestis), 283 straminata (Acidalia), 220 straminata (Ptychopoda), 286 straminea (Leucania), 56, 144 strataria (Pachys), 85, 173, 175, 283 striana (Peronea), 35, 38 striata (Colias), 185, 251, striata (Coscinia), hl strigilis (Miana), 34 strigillaria (Acidalia), 286 strigillaria (Aspilates), 220 strigillaria (Perconia), 284 strigosa (Acronycta), 24, 91 strigula (Agrotis), 32 strigula (Nola), 9 suavana (Oxigrapha), 209 subalboflammana (Peronea), 38, 64 subeapucina (Peronea), 39, 66 subchantana (Peronea), 88, 102 subcristalana (Peronea), 39 subfulvata (Hupithecia), 260 subfulvovittana (Peronea), 39 sublustris (Xylophasia), 35, 143 subnigrana (Peronea), 39 subobsoleta (Colias), 185, 253 subochreata (Cosymbia), 286 subradiata (Chrysophanus), 76, subradiata (Rumicia), 78, 126 subrosea (Noctua), 92 subroseata (Cosymbia), 286 subsequa (Triphena), 92 subsericeata (Acidalia), 56 substriana (Peronea), 38, 65 subsuffusa (Agriades), 298 *subterminalis (Nagia), 203 subtusa (Plastenis), 90, 143 subunicolorana (Peronea), 88, 65 subvittana (Lithosia), 12 subvittana (Peronea), 38 succenturiata (Hupithecia), 260 suffumata (Lampropteryx), 208, 290 suffusa (Colias), 185, 253, 279 suffusa (Dianthecia), 33 suffusa (leucania), 114 suffusa (Miana), 34 suffusa (Rumicia), 300 suffusa (Xanthia), 115 *suffusana (Oxigrapha), 135, 160 sumatrensis (Cechenea), 109 surima (Actinote), 278 susinella (Cemiostoma), 90 suspecta (Dyschorista), 115 sylvanus (Augiades), 51,87, 100, 120, 197 syngrapha (Agriades), 16, 48, 98 syrichtus (Hesperia), 80 syringaria (Hygrochroa), 78 tenialis (Hypenodes), 163 teniata (Perizoma), 259, 288 tages (Nisoniades), 51, 54, 79, 100, 119, 123, 125, 173, 218, 240, 241, 293, 296 tages (Thanaos), 54, 197 126 | thaos (Papilio), INDEX. taraxaci (Caradrina), 114 tarsipennalis (Zanclognatha), 206 temerata (Bapta), 261 tenebrosa (Rusina), 114 tenuiata (Hupithecia), 260 tergestina (Colias), 155 Terias, 22 terminalis (Miana), 34 testacea (Luperina), 34, 140 testata (Lygris), 208 tetralunaria (Selenia), 79, 175, thalassina (Mamestra), 33 247 thetis (Agriades), 80, 247 thetis (Chrysophanus), 123 thetys (Daimio), 181 291 | thingvallata (Cidaria), 208, 287, 290 thompsoni (Aplecta), 92 thore (Brenthis), 281 thulei (Noctua), 92 tiliee (Mimas), 78, 175 Timoria, 109 tincta (Aplecta), 92 | tincta (Epinephele), 52 | tineana (Ancylis), 302 tiphon (Coenonympha), 56, 100, 125, 147 tipuliformis (Sesia), 224 tithonus (Agriades), 48 tithonus (Epinephele), 20, 86, 100, 120, 296, 301 tityus (Hemaris), 88 togata (Hucymatoge), 90 togata (Hupithecia), 288 tolana (Peronea), 14, 36, 66 trabealis (Hmmelia), 162 tragopogonis (Amphipyra), 114 transalpina (Zygena), 174 transversana (Peronea), 38, 65 trapezina (Calymnia), 115 trapezina (Cosmia), 143 treueriana (Peronea), 188 triangulum (Noctua), 32 tricolorana (Oxigrapha), 135, 158, 159 tridens (Acronycta), 32 trifolii (Pachygastria), 9 trifolii (Zygena), 22, 79, 80, 104, 150, 174, 175, 200, 272, 295 trigrammica (Grammesia), 114 trimaculella (Nepticula), 117 tripartita (Abrostola), 116 triplasia (Abrostola), 116 tripuncta (Acompsia), 118 tripunctaria (Eupithecia), 289 trisignaria (Mupithecia), 289 tritici (Agrotis), 32, 91 trivia (Melitea), 151 truncata (Cidaria), 79, 208, 287 truncata (Dysstroma), 79, 80 truncicolella (Scoparia), 117 tschudica (Zegris), 151 turbaria (Perizoma), 259 turea (Leucania), 142 turcica (Rumicia), 300 turfosalis (Tholomiges), 163, 221 50, 51, 79, INDEX. tutti (Zygena), 272 tyndarus (Evrebia), 247 typhe (Nonagria), 113, 218 typica (Neenia), 113 udana (Eupeecilia), 219 ulmella (Scoparia), 51 ulotana (Peronea), 35 umbratica (Cucullia), 115 umbrosa (Lithophane), 115 umbrosa (Noctua), 33 unangulata (Euphyia), 288 unangulata (Xanthorhoé), 147, 258 unanimis (Apamea), 34 uncula (Hydrelia), 116 undulata (Hucosmia), 208 unicolorana (Peronea), 14, 38, 64 unicolorata (maturga), 300 unicolorata (Malenydris), 258 unidentaria (Coremia), 148, 208 unilobata (Xanthorhoé), 258 unionalis (Glyphodes), 20 unionalis (Margarodes), 20, 76, 102, 150, 292 unipuncta (Leucania) upsilon (Agrotis), 91 urtice (Aglais), 18, 21, 50, 51, 56, 86, 119, 122, 123, 125, 147, 173, 281, 289, 292, 295 urticee (Spilosoma), 270 *ustulana (Peronea), 37 utahensis (Arctia), 238 vaccinii (Cerastis), 175 vaccinii (Orrhodia), 114 valesina (Argynnis), 104 valesina (Dryas), 44, 56, 145, 295 variata (Thera), 144, 287, 301 *variegata (Hypena), 204 varleyata (Abraxas), 79 vaughaniana (Peronea), 38, 64, 65 vedre (Aricia), 249 velata (Colias), 185, 253 velleda (Hepialus), 285 , 79, 142, 224 Order XIX. abietis (Hylobius), 246 *aciculatus (Rhabdopterus), 236 *enea (Alethaxius), 215 znea (Colaspis), 25 nea (Hermesia), 193 *seneicollis (Colaspis), 171 *neus (Colaspis), 192 reruginosa (Colaspis), 25 eruginosus (Corymbites), 73 Agbalus, 25, 194 alneti (P.), 55 amazona (Colaspis), 73 angulicolis (Alethaxius), 191 *angulicollis (Rhabdopterus), 235 annulata (Coccinella), 271 apicicornis (Rhabdopterus), 235 aquaticus (Helophorus), 174 arietis (Clytus), 88 XXlil | venosata (Hupithecia), 260, 289 venustula (Hrastria), 162 *verecundus (Thracides), 182 vernalis (Colias), 137, 186, 253 _ vernalis-aubuissoni (Colias), 136 vernaria (Geometra), 207 vestigialis (Agrotis), 32, 91 vestigialis (Huxoa), 32 vetusta (Calocampa), 115, 293 villica (Arctia), 147, 300 viminalis (Hpunda), 56 vinula (Dicranura), 144 viretata (Lobophora), 207 virgata (Malenydris), 258 virgaures (Heodes), 247 Virgaurere (Sciaphila), 117 | virgaureana (Tortrix), 117 virgaureata (Hupithecia), 289 | virgularia (Acidalia), 293 viridana (Tortrix), 45, 120, 133, 143, 197 viridaria (Amcebe), 258 vishna (Trebala), 22 vitellina (Leucania), 20, 142 vittata (Ccenocalpe), 261 w-album (Thecla), 98 wauaria (‘Thamnonoma), 284 *webbiana (Peronea), 37 werdandi (Colias), 264, 281 wildei (Oxyambulyx), 105 wiskotti (Arctia), 238 wismariensis (Senta), 141 xanthe (Noctua), 92 xanthographa (Noctua), 33 xanthomista (Polia), 141 xanthovittana (Peronea), 14, 37, 64 xenoclea (Heliconius), 151 xerampelina (Cirrhcedia), 103, 115, 143 xylosteana (Tortrix), 133 xylostella (Harpipteryx), 247 - | ypsilon (Agrotis), 32 zatima (Spilosoma), 10 | zephyrus (Plebeius), 49 COLEOPTERA. armata (Strangalia), 54 ater (Sibotes), 25 aurata (Colaspis), 192 aureolus (A.), 55 | aureopunctata (Colaspis), 25 balteatus (Elater), 188 banksi (Chrysomela), 272 *basipenne (Colaspis), 73 *bidenticollis (Colaspis), 191 bifasciatum (Rhagium), 88 bipunctata (Coccinella), 200, 271 bisculata (Coccinella), 271 “blatchleyi (Rhabdopterus), 216, 234 *bolivianus (Colaspis), 170 brunnea (Hermesia), 194 *brunneipennis (Colaspis), 74 caliginosus (Epipolwus), 300 Campylochira, 25 XXIV *carinipennis (Alethaxius). 214 castanea (Colaspis), 25 cervus (ILucanus), 71 chalcites (Colaspis), 27, 74 chiriquensis (Agbalus), 214 chrysis (Colaspis), 25, 28 cinctella (Colaspis), 73 *cinctipennis (Colaspis), 75 Colaspis, 25 *concolor (Calaspis), 28 *confusa (Hermesia), 194 confusus (Colaspis), 26 coriarius Geers 88 coryli (A.), 5 coryli (O.), 55 cribricollis (Colaspis), 26 cruentate (Colaspis), 28 cupreus (Corymbites), 104 cuprinus (Rhabdopterus), 254 curculionoides (A.), 55 *cyanea (Hermesia), 193 eylindricum (Sinodendron), 200 *denticollis (Colaspis), 191 *dilatipes (Agbalus),’195 *dilatipes (Colaspis),£26, 29, 72 *dispar (Colaspis), 73 dispar (Xyleborus), 152 distortus (Rhabdopterus), 255 domesticus (Xylotenus), 104 Donacia, 22 dorsalis (Anchomenus), 150 *12-notate (Colaspis), 75 12-punctata{(Crioceris), 200 elongatus (later), 88 Hriphylina, 25 erosulus (Rhabdopterus), 193 erosus (Ips), 299 fastuosa (Cassida), 247 ferruginea (Colaspis), 25 *flavofasciata (Colaspis), 28 formicarius (Thanasimus), 89 foveolata (Colaspis), 191 fulva (Colaspis), 25 fulvibarbis (Leistus), 104 fulvicornis (Campylochira), 25 *fuscipes (Colaspis), 190 fuscitarsis (Colaspis), 25 geminata (Colaspis), 25, 26, 27, 30, 72 gemmingeri (Colaspis), 26 Geotrupes, 199 germanicus (Henoticus), 102 glandium (B.), 5 *ooyazensis (Colaspis), 26, 29 graminis (Chrysomela), 272 granaria (Calandra), 200 *orenadensis (Rhabdopterus), 216, 234 haroldi (Colaspis), 25 harpuloides (Ocys), 104 hemispherica (Cassida), 102 Hermesia, 192: hieroglyphica (Coccinella), 22 hirtus (Emus), 174 humeralis (Colaspis), 25, 195 *ignotus (Rhabdopterus), 254 INDEX. *impressipennis (Colaspis), 171 ineequalis (Coccinella), 271 inconspicua (Colaspis), 26 inconstans (Colaspis), 170 indigator (Rhagium), 88 *inermis (Hermesia), 194 inquisitor (Calasoma), 71 inquisitor (Rhagium), 22, 88 interrupta (Colaspis), 25 interruptus (Necrophorus), 102, 247 interstitialis (Colaspis), 25, 92 *jacobyi (Hermesia), 193 *jocosa (Colaspis), 171 *klagii (Colaspis), 26, 72 levigata (Timarcha), 22, 200 lateralis (Colaspis), 25 lebasi (Colaspis), 28 *lebasoides (Colaspis), 25, 27 lefevrei (Colaspis), 25, 72 lusitanica (Lampyris), 200 lythropterus (HKlater), 88 manca (Colaspis), 170 melancholica (Colaspis), 74 melanura (N.), 55 mexicana (Colaspis), 28 moschata (Aromia), 247 mucronatus (Blaps), 104, 175 murinus (Ortholestes), 104 muszorum (Anthrenus), 104 mysticus (Clytus), 88 nebulosa (Cassida), 299 nebulosus (Leiopus), 88 nigrimana (Colaspis), 25 nigrocyanea (Colaspis), 74 nitens (Carabus), 22 noctiluca (Lampyris), 88 obliqua (Colaspis), 190 oculata (Mylabris), 300 oregonensis (Colaspis), 25 ornatipennis (Colaspis), 78 *otileensis (Colaspis), 73 *pallida (Alethaxius), 215 pantherina (Coccinella), 271 pectinicornis (Corymbites), 104 peletieri (Graphipterus), 149 pennsylvanicus (Photuris), 199, 200 perplexa (Colaspis), 26 peruensis (Rhabdopterus), 254 *peruvianus (Colaspis), 74 piceipes (Rhabdopterus), 216, 234 picipes (O.), 55 plagiatus (Agbalus), 195 polita (C.), 55 preetaxta (Rhabdopterus), 216 prasina (Colaspis), 27 proscarabeeus (Meloé), 272 pruinosa (Colaspis), 72 pubescens (Staphylinus), 104 punctatissima (Rhabdopterus), 254 puncticollis (Agbalus), 194 puncticollis (C.), 25 *punctipennis (Colaspis), 26, 72 pusilla (Colaspis), 191 _ pyreneus (Geotrupes), 88 INDEX. quadripunctata (Silpha), 71 *4-foveata (Colaspis), 74 4-maculata (Coccinella), 271 Rhabdopterus, 216 *rosenbergi (Rhabdopterus), 255 rotundatus (Graphipterus), 149 rugosa (Colaspis), 20 rustica (Colaspis), 25 salicis (Orchestes), 200 sanguinolentus (Hlater), 54, 88 saxeseni (Xyleborus), 152 sealaris (Saperda), 90 semifulvus (Rhabdopterus), 235 sericea (Donacia), 103 sericeus (Agbalus), 194 sexpustulata (Coccinella), 271 *similis (Hermesia), 193 *similis (Rhabdopterus), 235 subsenea (Colaspis), 72 submetallica (Colaspis), 72 *sulcipennis (Rhabdopterus), 253 Talurus, 25 tarsata (Colaspis), 73 tarsata (Rhabdopterus), 236 Order XXI. affinis (Gonomyia), 111 alaskaensis (Theobaldia), 39 americana (Adelphomyia), 84 annulata (Iheobaldia), 39, 150 arctica (Theobaldia), 39 Atarba, 81 - atricapillus (Dioctria), 71 atricapillus (Machimus), 71 autumnalis (Musca), 149 autumnalis (Tabanus), 71 bicinctum (Chrysotoxum), 71 bifurcatus (Anopheles), 23, 176 borealis (Sericomyia), 71 bovinus (Tabanus), 70, 71 bromius (Tabanus), 71 buccata (Myopa), 71 cecutiens (Chrysops), 71 campestris (Rhingia), 71 casei (Pyophila), 22 cayuga (Adelphomyia), 84 ceriiformis (Conops), 71 ceylonica (Styringomyia), 112 Chrysops, 70 circumdatus (Anthrax), 71 cladoptera (Macromastix), 81, L11 cornecina (Pseudopyrellia), 46 corni (Oligotrophus), 247 crabroniformis (Asilus), 71 crassicornis}](Hwematopota), 71 cuprea (Chrysochlamys), 71 cyanurus (Nevitamus), 71 *cyclospila (Limnophila), 83, 109 Dicranomyia, 81 disjunctula (Adelphomyia), 83 distinguendo (Therioplectes), 71 Dolichopeza, 111 XXV tenebricosus (O.), 55 tenebrosus (Agbalus), 194 tessellatus (B.), 55 thoracica (Silpha), 71 touquii (Cicindela), 149 “townsendi (Colaspis), 25, 27 tricolor (Mylabris), 300 trivialis (Colaspis), 25, 26, 29, 72, 170 tucumanensis (Colaspis), 169 umbellatarum (Necydalis), 88 unicolor (Callidium), 199 unicolor (Colaspis), 25 unifasciata (Coccinella), 271 variabile (Callideum), 88 verrucosus (Alethaxius), 25 vesvillo (Necrophorus), 71 viminalis (Phytodecta), 222 violaceum (Callideum), 88 violaceus (Rhabdopterus), 192 *viridicollis (Colaspis), 170 *viridis (Agbalus), 214 viridissima (Colaspis), 25 vulgata (Colaspoides), 25 DIPTERA. | domestica (Musca), 224 Empeda, 81 Epiphragma, 81 | equina (Hippobosca), 71 | Huprosopia, 31 *excavata (Dicranomyia), 83, 110 | *extensa (Styringomyia), 83, 112 falciparum (P.), 128 | fasciata (Stegomyia), 23, 223 ferox (Hchinomyia), 71 ferrugineus (Sicus), 71 festivum (Chrysotoxum), 71 florea (Xylota), 71 *foordi (Scholastes), 30 fraxini (Perissa), 200 fulvus (Atylotus), 71 fusca (Glossina), 175 geniculatus (Ochlerotatus), 176 gigantea (Tipula), 71 globulus (Acrocephalus), 71 Gonomyia, 81 grossa (Echinomyia), 70, 71, 117 Gymnaster, 81 hemiptera (Alophora), 71 Holurusia, 33 *hooleyi (‘Tipula), 82 *indecisa (Gonomyia), 85, 111 inferior (Musca), 128 irrorata (Limnophila), 110 lenta (Xylota), 71 limiformis (‘Tipula), 82 Limnobia, 81 Limnophila, 81 lutea (Limnophila), 110 lutescens (Tipula), $2 Macromastix, 81 Xxvl maculicornis (Tabanus), 70, 71 major (Bombylius), 71 marginata (Laphria), 71 Megistocera, 81 Microdon, 45 Mongoma, 81 noveeanglie (Limnophila), 110 pellucens (Volucella), 54 Phlebotomus, 176, 224 pipiens (Culex), 176 plumbeus (Anopheles), 23, 128, 176 pluvialis (Hematopota), 71 potamida (Stratiomys), 71 pubipennis (Dicranomyia), 110 pudica (Dicranomyia), 111 pulchripalpis (Orthopodomyia), 80 punctatum (Miltogramma), 71 quadrata (Chrysops), 71 quadrifasciata (Conops), 71 Rhipidia, 81 rivosa (Pedicia), 71 Order XXII. afzeliella (Andrena), 47 agrorum (Bombus), 70 albicans (Andrena), 47 albiditarsis (Meteorus), 199 albilabris (Crabro), 46 albipes (Halictus), 47 alternata (Nomada), 47 americanus (Apanteles), 199 Andrena, 47 arenaria (Cerceris), 46 argentata (Andrena), 47 armata (Melecta), 70 arvensis (Mellinus), 46 atalante (Theronia), 148 aterrima (Stellis), 78 barbutellus (Vsithyrus), 70 bicolor (Mimesa), 46 bicolor (Pompilius), 77 bimaculata (Sarapoda), 70 Bombus, 19, 70 boops (Astatus), 45 calcaratus (Panurgus), 47 callosus (Odynerus), 47 campestris (Ammophila), 45 centuncularis (Megachile), 48 cephalotes (Crabro), 46 chrysostomus (Crabro), 46 circumcincta (Megachile), 47 coartata (Eumenes), 47 crabro (Vespa), 46, 118, 221 crassicornis (Odynerus), 47 cribrarius (Crabro), 46 eylindricus (Halictus), 47 daviesana (Colletes), 47 derhamellus (Bombus), 70 dimidiatus (Crabro), 46 ducalis (Stephanus), 257 elongata (Cceloxys), 47 europea (Mutilla), 22, 45 INDEX. rufipes (Physocephala), 71 Scholastes, 51 schwetzi (Glossina), 176 siberiensis (Theobaldia), 39 solstitialis (Therioplectes), 71 sparsa (Chilosa), 71 Stratiomys, 22 Styringomyia, 81 sylvarum (Xylota), 71 Syrphus, 22, 71 Tabanus, 70 tesellata (Empis), 71 Theobaldia, 39 Tipula, 81 tropicus (Therioplecta), 70, 71 *undulata (Dicranomyia), 83, 110 *vasifera (Holorusia), 82 vernalis (Tipula), 82 vicarius (Scholastes), 30 Xylota, 71 HYMENOPTERA. exaltata (Salius), 45 flavius (Lasius), 247 | florea (Andrena), 47 fodiens (Colletes), 47 | fuliginosus (Acanthomyops), 149 | fuliginosus (Lasius), 45 | fulvicus (Andrena), 47 furva (Nomada), 47 fuscipes (Andrena), 47 fuscus (Salius), 4 gallicus (Polistes), 247 germanica (Vespa), 47, 54, 221, 272 gibbus (Pompilus), 45 gibbus (Sphecodes), 47 gigas (Sirex), 53, 199 gracilis (Odynerus), 47 hirsuta (Psammophila), 46 hortorum (Bombus), 70 interruptus (Cerceris), 46 ischnus (Orgilus), 8 jacobese (Nomada), 47 jonellus (Bombus), 70 juvencus (Sirex), 53 labiata (Cerceris), 46 lapidarius (Bombus), 70 lapponicus (Bombus), 300 lathburiana (Nomada), 47 laticinctus (Hoplisus), 46 leucomelana (Osmia), 70 ligniseca (Megachile), 48 lituratus (Crabro), 46 lugubris (Pemphredon), 46 lutaria (Psammophila), 46 maculata (Cerophales), 45 manicatum (Anthidium), 70, 78, 271 melanocephalus (Odynerus), 47 Melecta, 70 mellifera (Apis), 30 mellifica (Apis), 30 minutissimus (Halictus), 47 minutula (Andrena), 47 minutulus (Pompilius), 77 Mutilla, 22 mystaceus (Gorytes), 46 niger (Pompilus), 45 nigro-seneus (Horismenus), 199 nitidusculus (Halictus), 47 norvegica (Vespa), 47 obseurator (Orgilus), 7 Odynerus, 47 Orgilus, 7 ornata (Cerceris), 46 Osmia, 70 ovata (Kriocampa), 272 palmata (Tenthredopsis), 222 parietina (Osmia), 70 parietinus (Odynerus), 47 parietum (Odynerus), 47 parvulus (Salius), 44 pectinipes (Pompilus), 45 pectinipes (Tachytes), 45 peltarius (Crabro), 46 persuasoria (Rhyssa), 199 pictus (Odynerus), 47 ! pilipes (Anthophora), 70, 222 *pilosus (Stephanus), 256 plumbeus (Pompilus), 44 prasinus (Halictus), 47 pratorum (Bombus), 70 Psithyrus, 70 quadrimaculata (Anthophora), 70 quadrimaculata (Crabro), 46 quadrinotus (Halictus), 47 regius (Torymus), 117 retusa (Anthophora), 70 roberjeotiana (Nomada), 47 rose (Andrena), 150 rubicundus (Halictus), 47 rufa (Epeolus), 47 rufa (Formica), 45, 233 rufa (Vespa), 47 INDEX. XXVil rufescens (Cceloxys), 47 rufipes (Mutilla), 45 *rugosus (Stephanus), 256 rugiceps (Fenotopus), 258 rugulosus (Microdus), 6 rupestris (Psithyrus), 70 sabulosa (Ammophila), 45 sabulosus (Mellinus), 46 Sceliphron, 199 sexfasciata (Nomada), 47 sinuatus (Odynerus). 47 solidaginis (Nomada), 47 spinipes (Odynerus), 47 spissus (Pompilius), 77 subquadratus (Sphecodes), 47 succincta (Nomada), 78 succinctus (Colletes), 47 sylvarum (Bombus), 70 sylvestris (Vespa), 47 terrestris (Bombus), 70 thoracica (Andrena), +7 trifasciata (Odynerus), 47 trimerana (Andrena), 150 tristis (Diodontus), 46 Trypoxylon, 45 tuberculatus (Earinus). 6 tumidulus (Microdus), 7 umbratus (Acanthomyops), 149 unicolor (Apis), 51 unicolor (Stephanus), 257 uniglumis (Oxybeles), 46 *varlidens (Fnatopus), 259 venustus (Bombus), 70 Vespa, 53 vestalis (Psithyrus), 70 viaticus (Pompilus), 45 villosulus (Halictus), 47 villosus (Stephanus), 256 vulgaris (Vespa), 47 wesmali (Pompilus), 45 willughbiella (Megachile), 48 xanthopus (Halictus), 47 ek, ak hye Fa Ba i ae ‘ a9 i Psa 4s, Greta) te v¢ ae ‘Suseriptions for 1921 (12s.) should be sent to R. South (Editor), te do Court, Shoot-up Hill, London, N.W. 2, Ae Re ort SS ? = =i . POS ol; LIV) JANUARY, 1921. S oe AEAEARESC SEN SAE ARON oe 25 ok as i Neots ae ae -ENTOMOLOGIS i Fllustrater Wont)ly Journal OF.3. > 1 : GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. “ fr f N saa ‘Seat EDITED. BY RICHARD SOUTH, abs sm * Tee a ome re eS _ WITH. THE ASSISTANCE OF U4) ~~, + mh. wil ak — Ff ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.B.8. oe, ROWLAND. BROWN, M.A.,F.E.S. | CLAUDE MORLEY, ¥.E.S., F.Z.8. _ W..L: DISTANT, F-E.S., &c. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S.,F.E.S., &o. FLW. FROHAWE, F.E.S., M.B.0.U. | N. D. RILEY, F.E.S. -- @. J,.GAHAN, D.Sc., M.A., F.B.S. | | W. G. SHELDON, F.E.S., F.Z.S. sae : - . CON TH (Pe ee oe The Trjjoinipiaeabal Society of London, H, Rowland: bca, x The. Heteropter of Indo- China, W. L. Distant, 3. Contributions to our ‘Knowledge. of the British Braconide,, GT. Lyle; P.ES.. (continued. from vol. lili, p. 250), 6.” Some Notes on the Colleetion of British Macro- Lepidoptera in the Hope Depart- ~ment of the Oxford University Museum, I. C. Woodforde, B.A, F.B.S. te 7 tinued from vol. lili, p. 259), 8. Notes on the’ Variation of. Peronea cristana,’ Fab., with Descriptions of Six New Forms, and .tlhe Reasons for Sinking the. Names at Present in Use of Six Others, We, G. Sheldon, FZS3, FE. os ae (con= { tinwed from vol. lili, p. 271), 12. . oi Dea eI Novks AND OBSERVATIONS.—Agriades obeyed ue -semi- Ae aieape: in oe, Stanley N. A. Jacobs, 16. ‘Chrysophanus dispar, Haw., H. Rowland-Browns 16. Curious Late Emergence of Papilio alexanor, C. E. ‘Morris, 17. Chryso-'% phi wus phlzas, L., var., or ab. ceruleo-punctata, J. Cosmo Melwill, 17. meen rf (Argynnis) selene, Second ‘Brood at Abbott's. Wood, H. Worsley Wood, 1 Colias edusa and ab. Helice, Lowis Meaden, 18, -Colias edusa, Pyrame atalanta and Aglais urtice in Cambridgeshire, Guernsey, and Northern France, — Hugh Scott, 18. ‘Trigonoplora flamimea in Sussex, Stanley N. A. Jacobs, 19. % Notes from. Chinnor, ‘Oxford, “A. J, Spiller, 19. Margarodes ” (Glyphodes) unionalis and Leucania vittellina i in South Devon, P. P/ Milman;20. Butter~ * flies in South Cornwall, #.. Octavius Croft, M.D., F.E.S., 20, ote in 4 the Isle of Purbeck, A. MM. Longhurst, 21. Erratam, 21. : Socrerres.—The South London Entomological Society, 21. ; RECENT LITERATURE.—FPr oceedings of the South London Bidneiolocies! and Natal History Society, 1919-20, 99. Transactions of the London ‘Natural History Society, 1919, 23. Annals of Tropical’ Medicme and - ‘Parasitology, I. SAS ae cee Catalogue of the Butterflies of Berkshire, with Notes’ as sto Habitats, Locsithins, a History, Aberrations, Dates of Appearance, Oy Boes | iq Osiruary, 24. é aN j * , i ; ; t < ; N re 2 ( : FOR SALE. | 7 fk Two 8-drawered ‘Second- hand Cabinets, L Suitable for beginners or. for keeping. duplicates. Cheap. ; ESSON, 6, ESSLEMONT AVENUE, ABERDEEN. eras aa a IN ETS. Finest Materials. Best Workmanship. CAB Any size made to order. ae Drawing on application. a f Ay PUPEL a Convolvuli | 5/- each. -Elpenor ... 5d. each, UF Satis: BOS SS each, Ocellatus ... 5d.-,5 : Fuciformis-i10d. (3) 2" Pagi aa ios es he ee Otome.) Co 6dan pam Popul 788. Aires ea 1 ole Ie ie eS Carpini:;: .. Sil wea ee Porcellus’ ...0 de) Sige ee Carmelita *) 17d 4,404 se Menthastri Bd. se AS Box and Postage 4d, ‘extra. “LEONARD TATCHELL, Eom 43 SPRATT-HALL ROAD: WANSTEAD, i HW, a _ Subscriptions, for 1921 (12s.) should be sent to R. South (Editor), a a, Mapesbury Court, Shoot- -up Hill, London, N.W, 2, 5 ~ Vol. LIV.) ‘. _ PEBRUARY, 1921. [No. 693. a me a THE AN pee a 3 | lustrat Monbly Journal OF : Z , ee # eA ; ;. ; ' 7 te LOH me ty, Sa ey 7 ak he ey opines Sf aA y.* aN , ' Se Ay ,£ 7 / “EDITED BY RIGHARD SOUTH, F-2)S. 0 = ENTOMOLOGY. | “WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF SZ SOnian D | | ROBERT ADKIN, KES. W. J; LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. H. ROWLAND-BROWN, M.A.,F.E.S. | CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S8., F.Z.S. | © W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S.,&c. | Da. D. SHARP, F.R.S., FES, | )-F.W. PROMAWK;¥-E.S., M.B.0.U.|N. D. RILEY, FES. ° | --.3, GAHAN, D.Sc., M.A., F-E.S. — | W. G. SHELDON, F.E.S., F.Z'S. | | Ne a ie wre’ By mutual confidence and Fvdiaal aid ie Great deeds are done and gréat discoveries made.’ ae | | ; ‘f | Brier y Yee LONDON: ) |). “ADLARD & SON & WEST NEWMAN, LTD., Beige 7 - BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, E.C. 1. 3 ‘ ie a Double Number. | Price Three Shillings Net. WATKINS & DONCASTER, _ | NATURALISTS, Keep in Stock— : Apparatus Belg achincie . Required by Collectors of Insects, Birds’ pee | A hens | Stock oe. at British, Continental & Exotic erro -and also Birds’ Eggs (Singles as well as in Clutches). ; OUR CATALOGUE WILL BE SENT POST FREE ON APPLICATION. | 36, Strand, London, W.C.2. eex.ey, L, W. NEWMAN, FES, KENT. Finest Stock of Set Insects, Ova, Larve and Pupe of British Macro-Lepidoptera m the Kingdom, | ‘Price Lists on application. Se 30,000 British Micro-Lepidoptera, 800 species, moderate - prices, selections on approval; cheap type collections. — 200,000 British Coleoptera, 2500 species. 800 vols. Ento- * mological Books and Magazines. A. FORD, 36, IRVING ROAD, BOURNEMO FOR SALE.—Ail eS at per bettie nie: ee Neglecta, Nigra, Croceago, Aurago, Socia, Fuscantaria, 4d.; Fuciformis, Versicolor, Furcula, Rips, Anomola, 6d. ; | ‘Sinuata, Quercana, Lychnitis, 6d.; Cucullina, Carmelita, Leporina, Objecta, Retusa, Cracce, 9d.; Hera, Alni, Lapponaria, Radiata var., 1s. acs oer ; other species on hand. 4 A. J. SPILLER, CHINNOR, WALLINGFORD. / ik THE ENTOMOLOGIST. ee . LIV] FEBRUARY, 1921. [No. 693 SOUTH AMERICAN EUMOLPID., MOSTLY 3 GROUP COLASPINI. = Aor" oft By Frep. C. Bowprrcu. Colaspsis, Fabr. \ Some of the unplaced forms on p. 34 of M. ‘Sey CORBY, S i figure out as follows: Ainea, Fab., probably a form ~% Boh.; castanea, Boh., occurs at Cachabe, Keuador ; ferruginea, Fab. = Colaspoides vulgata, Lef.?; fulva, Fab. = EHriphylina ?, sp.; fuscitarsis, Boh., geminata, Boh., and rustica, Boh., all are valid species from Rio; humeralis, Lec., and puncticolls, Say., belong to Nodonota; lateralis, Germ., might be Sibotes ater, Lef. ?; rugosa, Germ., is a well-defined form with a somewhat curved metallic-green stripe from the shoulder nearly to the apex; unicolor, Oliv., a Cuban form nearly allied to trivialis, Boh., oregonensis, Cr., and chrysis, Oliv., would seem to be more naturally placed in V'alurus, Lef., than in Colaspis. Colaspis humeralis, Baly. = Agbalus. Colaspis geminata, Lef., nom. proc. = Lefevrei, Bow. Alethaxius verrucosus, Jac: = Colaspis nigrimana, Lef. Colaspis aureopunctata, Lef. = Campylochira 2. Campylochira fulvicornis, Jac. = aureopunctata, Lef. Mr. Lefevre, in his description of Colaspis interstitialis, ‘Ann. Fr.,’ 1876, p. 141, speaks of the dilation of the hind tibia of the g. The males of the following species show something similar : Colaspis eruginosa, Germ.—Inner edges dilated at middle third, the rear declination rather abrupt. C. viridissima, Lef.—Inner edge biuntly dilated a little behind the middle, the front and rear declination even. C. townsendi, Bow.—Inner edge feebly dilated at about the middle. C. lebasoides, Bow.—Inner edge gradually dilated to posterior third, then of even width to end. C. interrupta, Har.—Gradually dilated from middle to end. C. haroldi, Jac.—The type is ¢ ; what I consider the g has hind femora with a bifid tooth, tibia rather strongly sinuate both ways at either end of the middle third. C. interstitialis, Lef.—Inner edge feebly dilated and sinuate at beginning of posterior third. ENTOM.—F EpRuaRy, 1921. D H { Mai oO] 1M 091 s ; 26 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. C. trivialis, Boh.—Inner edge strongly dilated and outer sinuate at the middle third, the rear decline being most abrupt. C. goyazensis, Bow.—Both edges very feebly sinuate at the posterior third, nearly the same width throughout. C. geminata, Boh.—Inner edges very gradually dilated to posterior third, then slightly simuate and straight to end, the outer edge nearly straight. C. inconspicua, Jac.—Inner edge evenly brought to a point in the middle and sinuate at rear end. C. dilatipes, Bow.—Inner edge strongly dilated, occupy- ing the posterior part of the middle and anterior part of the rear third, the dilated edge evenly curved from front to rear. C. klagii, Bow.—Inner edge sharply and evenly dilated to a point just back of the middle. C. perplexa, Jac.—Inner edge feebly dilated at middle and then straight to tip. C. punctipennis, Bow.—Inner edge evenly dilated to a point behind the middle, the outer edge rather strongly sinuate. C. gemmingert, Har.—Inner edge strongly and evenly dilated at middle, outer edge sinuate back of it. C. confusus, Bow.—Nec gemmingeri, Har. Jac., ‘ Biolog.,’ vol. vi, pt. 1, p. 137; inner edge strongly dilated at posterior third. Colaspis cribricollis, Lef. Is described as having wholly fulvous antenne. In ‘ Psyche,’ vol. xx, p. 125, was published a note on the phytophaga of the Stanford expedition to Brazil; specimens from Independencia were referred to this species with a query. The antenne cf the Stanford examples have the seventh and last two articles nearly black and the hind tibia of the 3 feebly dilated at the posterior third. There is at hand only one example of cribricollis 8, so I am unable at present to definitely establish the Stanford form, but it is very probably distinct. Jacoby, in ‘ Biologie,’ vol. vi, p. 187, under Colaspis gem- mingert, Har., refers to that Brazilian species the Mexican forms, merely stating the former are larger and more narrowed behind ; both forms have the hind ¢ tibia dilated within. Von Harold, speaking of his species (the Brazilian), says the tibia dilated at the middle, the Mexican 3’s have the dilation nearer the apex, therefore I differentiate the latter under the name of confusus, Bow. In this connection it may be noted that I have seen no examples of either form from the territory between Honduras and Brazil; I have ten examples from Mexico and fifteen from Brazil. SOUTH AMERICAN EUMOLPIDA. 27 C. chalcites, Lef., from Peru is described by Lefevre without mentioning any details of the 3, and my three examples, which apparently came from Lefevre, are all @’s. A form occurs in Bolivia which might be this or a closely allied species. The Bolivia ¢ form has a well-marked notch on the inside of the hind tibia at about the beginning of the apical third ; until it is compared with a 3 of chalcites I prefer to call them all alike, though they differ somewhat in other details. Colaspis geminata, Let. The four specimens I give this name to are from Rio and Teresopolis, and all are ? ; chestnut brown with zneous colour- ing; geminata, Boh., I identify in a ¢ from Rio, dark bronze colour ; it is larger than the foregoing 2s, thorax not so heavily punctured and elytra more regularly geminate punctate, and with the hind tibize strongly dilated within. For the present I regard the forms as distinct, but if they should prove the same Lefevre’s name must sink as a synonym; plenty of specimens from Rio would settle the question. The types of all the forms hereinafter described are in my collection. Colaspsis townsendi, sp. nov. Form and size of prasina, Lef. Body above and below entirely dark purple ; legs, palpi, labrum and antennz flavous, the latter with the last five or six joints dark; thorax grossly confluently punctate, elytra grossly punctured, largely in double series, the intervals more or less raise d,g iving a semicostate appearance as in prasina, Lef. ; hind tibia of ¢ sinuate or feebly dilated within. Type, ¢ and 9, Jicaltepec, Vera Cruz, Mex. (Townsend). Length, 7-8 mm. Head densely and coarsely punctate (except the vertex) with smooth calli near the eye, more or less longitudinally impressed on the vertex ; thorax unidentate at the side and sinuate just in advance of the angle, so that it might be called subbidentate ; scutel and umbone of the elytra smooth, the latter without visible depression, and crowded with gross punctures which are confused in the neighbourhood of the scutel—heretofore classed in collections as prasina, Lef., but separable by the sinuation of the ¢ tibia; it is also apparently a more northern form; the 2 is somewhat larger than the 3, tibia plain, last ventral segment with heavy punctures and bluatly notched. Colaspis lebasoides, sp. nov. Form of a small prasina, Lef.; oblong. Metallic green above and below ; feet, palpi, labrum and antenne flavous, the latter somewhat infuscate at tip; head everywhere densely punctate with usual 98 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. smooth calli; thorax thickly and coarsely punctured with several smooth areas on the disc; sides subtridentate, elytra everywhere closely and coarsely punctate, forming more or less continuous transverse rug; hind tibia of ¢ dilated at posterior third. Type, ¢ and 2, Capetillo, Gua. (Champion) (first Jac. Coll.). Length, 6 mm. This species was included by Mr. Jacoby in his lebasi, Lef., material, and so referred to in the ‘ Biologia,’ but the tibia of the ¢ show it is distinct ; the facies is also somewhat different. The entire front of the head is almost flat; the dentation of the thorax seems to vary, but the middle angle is well marked, the sinuations before and behind (at a certain angle) giving the subtridentate appearance. The general punctuation of the upper surface is much denser, and the form of the body more tapering than in lebasi, coming in this respect next mexicana, Jac., from Cordova, Mex. Colaspis flavofasciata, sp. nov. Very large. Below with legs flavous, above greenish blue with a broad flavous band across the middle of the elytra connected with the lateral margin (narrowly) and apex (broadly) of the same colour ; elytra deeply punctate striate, the intervals strongly elevated costate, nine on each side. Type, 1 9, Chancomayo (ez Donckier Coll. 14). Length, 13 mm. Front transversely depressed below the eyes across the epistome, with a deep fovea between the antenne ; vertex sulcate. Biue colour extending from the rear of the head to the trans- verse groove, and including the fovea, the coloured area coarsely punctate ; epistome smooth, convex, deeply emarginate ; antenne flavous, slender, more than half the length of the body, the last six or seven joints darkened ; thorax broader than long, quadrate, margined, sinuate on the sides, all the angles prominent, surface grossly punctate, sparsely so on the disc, leaving irregular smooth places; a large deep fovea on each side behind the middle, scutellum smooth, dark fulvous ; elytra parallel, regularly punctate striate, the humeral lateral stria splitting just below the shoulder into two parts continued regularly to the apex. The form of the thorax is analogous to chrysis, Oliv., and cruentate, Lef., the sculpture of the elytra to the latter; the largest form in my collection, but seemingly undescribed. Colaspis concolor, sp. nov. Large. Light brown, with black eyes and mandibles; joints 6 and 7 of the antennze more or less fuscous; thorax at sides tri- dendate; elytra without basal depression narrowing toward the apex, thickly semi-regularly punctate ; intervals divided by about nine or ten fairly well-defined costz, so that the punctures are from two to four rows deep. SOUTH AMERICAN EUMOLPIDA. 29 Type, 2, Bartica Dist., Br. Guiana (Coll. 406) kindly presented to me by the New York Zoological Park Bureau of Tropical Research. Length, 9°5 mm. Head grossly punctate with a deep frontal fovea ; thorax wider than long, grossly confluently punctured, with a few smooth areas on the disc, obsoletely depressed on either side behind the middle ; scutel with one or two large punctures ; the elytral area around the scutellum is depressed, and the thick punctuation gives a semi-opaque appearance. This form is so large and comes from such a comparatively well-worked district that Iam rather surprised not to find any description fitting it. Colaspis goyazensis, sp. NOV. Like trivialis, Boh.; oblong. Above and beneath greenish bronze, with apex of elytra paler; legs pale, with knees, apex of tibize and tarsi cyanescent; antennze long and _ slender, rufous, becoming fuscous after the middle; palpi and labrum rufous, thorax unidentate at about the middle; upper surface thickly punctate, the elytra mostly in double series with smooth, more or less raised longitudinal intervals which become costate at the apex. Hind tibia of ¢ nearly simple, very feebly sinuate. Type, 4 g and 1 9, Mineiro, Goyaz, Brazil. Length, 5-5-6 mm. Head closely punctate, moderately longitudinally impressed on the front with the usual smooth calli; thorax thickly coarsely punctate ; sides angulate at the middle and sinuate before; the punctuation of the elytra is more or less confused near the scutel in the 2. Allied to and resembling trivialis, Boh., but easily separated by the very different hind tibia of ¢. The general appearance is bronzy-green with apex of elytra pale. Colaspis dilatipes, sp. nov. Like a large trzvialis, Boh.; elongate. Shining, bronzy brown; legs and antennz more or less rufous; head finely, thorax coarsely, thickly punctate; sides strongly angulate at middle, ¢ with median smooth line; elytra regularly biseriate punctate, with raised longi- tudinal smooth intervals, which are costate at the rear; hind tibia of ¢ strongly dilated below the middle, forming a blunt bulge within. Type, g¢ and 9, Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande de Norte, Brazil (W. M. Mann). Length, 7-7-5 mm. Head densely punctate, faintly longitudinally sulcate, with prominent smooth calli; antenne dark, with the bases of the joints light, thorax widely margined and prominently angled at the sides and with a post-median depression on each side (more 30 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. noticeable in ¢); the elytral punctuation is almost entirely regular (even near the scutel), and with the punctures on each interval more or less confluent; in some intervals, especially towards the sides and rear, the intervals are widened and punctures increased; body below nearly black in ?. Nearly allied to what I call geminata, Boh., from Rio, but separable by the hind tibia of the ¢. (To be continued.) . +s Pp AN ORTALID FLY IN BRITISH “AMEE. By Tf. D. A. CockEeREnn: In the ‘ Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society,’ vol. v, pp. 92-95, Mr. Alfred 8. Foord described the insects found in amber washed up on the shore in the vicinity of Yarmouth, Norfolk. A plate was given with numerous figures. Only two species of insects were specifically determined, Apis Scholastes foordi. — mellifera (mellifica) and Blatta orientalis ; the latter determina- tion is incorrect. The specimens are all in the Museum of Geology of Cambridge University, where I examined them years ago. Recently, with the kind permission of Prof. Marr, I have again had them out for examination, and have figured and described one of the species as follows: Scholastes foordi, n. sp. Broad, about 9 mm. long, the abdomen turned downward at end. Dusky, testaceous beneath, apparently darker above; vertex dark, but not black, without the pallid transverse stripes of S. cinctus, Guér. ; apical joint of antenne whitish ; dorsum of thorax bare, but four strong lateral bristles in a longitudinal row anterior to the wings, exactly as in S. vicariws, Hend.; the scutellar bristles are also similar, but whether six I cannot determine: abdomen broad and short, as usual in the genus; venation also as in living species, but the second vein not so distinctly elevated or humped about the middle and lower apical corner of discal cell less produced ; pattern of wings less pronounced than in the living species, but of the same type (for details see figure). This is fig. 7 of Foord’s plate, which shows the whole fly. I am much indebted to Mr. C. G. Lamb, Mr. F. W. Edwards THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF COUNTY TYRONE. SI and Mr. Hugh Scott for assistance when studying this fly. As close a comparison as I was able to make showed no important difference from the modern genus Scholastes, Lw., 1873. Super- ficially the fly is perhaps rather more like the species of Euprosopia, but the submarginal cell, contracted before the end, agrees better with Scholastes. The existing forms of Scholastes are smaller. The question has arisen whether these pieces of amber are genuinely British. There are two alternative possibilities : (1) That the specimens are ‘‘faked’’ for sale. After careful consideration I am sure this must be considered out of the question, as all contain minute insects or spiders, which surely would not have been put in by an artificer. (2) That the specimens are in copal from Africa, being either imported and sold as native amber, or possibly derived from the wreck of a ship. The material looks very much like copal, but the two honey-bees are too large for the African Apis unicolor, Latr., which they should presumably be if in copal. They can only be referred to A. mellifera, the black variety with slightly pallid scutellum. Assuming that the amber is genuinely British, we can say definitely that it is not contemporaneous with the Baltie (Oligocene) amber. All the bees in Baltic amber seen by me belong to extinct genera, and this amber nearly always contains trichomes of the oak, absent from the Yarmouth material. The Ortalid now described is of an Ethiopian or Oriental type, but I cannot identify it with any species in the British Museum. African copal may be Pleistoecne or recent, and the older copal probably contains at least some extinct species. The fly, so far as it goes, distinctly suggests that the material may be copal, but it might very well occur in Britain in amber of upper tertiary age, say Pliocene. The question is a very interesting one, and it is to be hoped that further and more definite evidence will be found. Miocene amber is known from other parts of Europe. THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF COUNTY TYRONE. By Tsomas GREER. (Continued from vol. liii, p. 277.) Nocruips. Acronyctine. Demas coryli, L.—Locally abundant at Favour Royal (K.), Kallymoon and near Lissan ; larve on birch and sallow. *Acronycta leporina, L.—A single example in the Lough Neagh district, June, 1920; a pale form. Acronycta megacephala, Fb.—Rare, near Favour Royal (K.). 32 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. *Acronycta tridens, Schiff.—Several bred from larve found near Stewartstown. Acronycta psi, L.—Very abundant. *Acronycta menyanthidis, Vw.—Not uncommon; a number bred from larve found at Lough Neagh; var. scotica, Tutt; a few larve on Myrica gale at Lough Fea (H.). Acronycta rumicis, L.—Abundant generally ; var. salicis, Curt., not uncommon at Favour Royal (K.) and also locally. Trifine. Agrotis (Huroa) segetum, Schiff.—Very abundant, less com- mon in the autumn; varying from light brown to almost black. * Agrotis (H.) vestigialis, Rott.— Not uncommon at ragwort and heather bloom on the sandy shore at Washing Bay, L. Neagh ; this locality is almost thirty miles from the sea, as the crow flies. *Agrotis (E.) corticia, Hb.—Rare at light, and at privet blossom. *Agrotis (E.) cinerea, Hb.—A single specimen, taken at light at Tullylagan near Cookstown, June, 1897. *Agrotis (E.) nigricans, L.—Locally abundant at ragwort at Killymoon ; Loch Fea and near Lough Neagh; dark form ab Jumosa, Haw. * Agrotis (H.) tritici, L.—Not uncommon, with var. aquilina, God., on sandy ground at Killymoon; rarer near Stewartstown. Agrotis (Feltia) exclamationis, L.—Very common, varying from pale brown to black. Agrotis ypsilon, Rott.—Fairly common at sugar and ivy bloom ; var. pallida, Tutt, occasionally. Agrotis (Lycophotia) strigula, Thnb.—Abundant on heathery eround ; the local form, dark red. *Agrotis (Peridroma) saucia, Hb.—Sometimes not rare at sugar and ivy; single examples of ab. margaritosa, Haw. *Agrotis (Hueretagrotis) agathina, Dup.—Locally abundant in the district on the bogs. ‘The following forms have occurred : hebridicola, Staud., rosea, Tutt, and scoparia, Mill. Noctua (EHxarnis) augur, Hb.—Abundant and widely spread. Noctua glareosa, Esp.—Kane states that this species is rare at Favour Royal; not uncommon at heather bloom in this locality and widely distributed. Noctua baja, Fab.—Generally common at sugar and grasses. Noctua e-nigrum, L.—Abundant in this district at Glyceria fluitans, although Kane states that it is scarce generally in Ireland. Noctua triangulum, Hufn.—Not common, but widely distri- buted ; Lissan, Lough Fea and at Killymoon. Noctua brunnea, Fb.—Locally abundant generally in the county ; blackish forms near Lough Fea. THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF COUNTY TYRONE. 33 Noctua primule, Esp.—Abundant everywhere at sugar and thistles; Kane records var. conjflua, H. S., from Tyrone; an example with the square spots on fore-wings connected by a dark line under the orbicular. Noctua dahlii, Hb.— Locally abundant in the county; Kane took a very dark form var. perfusca at Favour Royal, and I have met with the same aberration near Tamnamore, Lough Neach, some of the males from this locality being almost black. Noctua rubi, View.—Abundant generally and double brooded. Noctua umbrosa, Hb.—Common and widely spread, often in swarms at Glyceria fluitans, sugar having little or no attraction when this grass is in flower. Noctua (Segetia) xanthographa, F¥b.—Abundant everywhere, varying from a grey to a black form, ab. nigra, Tutt. Noctua (Ochropleura) plecta, L.—Very common. Aaylia putris, L.—Generally common. Triphena (Agrotis) orbona, Fb.—Abundant and widely dis- tributed; the var. rufa, Tutt., is not rare. Triphena (A.) pronuba.—Very abundant. Triphena fimbria, L.—Larve abundant in the spring on sallow and birch, but the imago is seldom seen. Triphena ianthina, Ksp.—Abundant at heather blossom and ragwort. Hurois prasina, Fb.—Abundant at Favour Royal and Alta- diawan (K.), not uncommon locally in woods. Aplecta (Mamestra) nebulosa, Hufn.—Rarer than the pre- ceding species ; a few near Cookstown (H.). _ Barathra brassice, L.—Kane found this species common everywhere ; in this district (H. Tyrone) it is distinctly rare. Mamestra oleracea, L.—Abundant everywhere ; some speci- mens have only a trace of the reniform stigma. Mamestra thalassina, Rott.—Abundant at sugar in June; Kane found var. achatis, Hb., at Favour Royal. Mamestra pisi, L.—Locally abundant ; var. splendens, St., at Favour Royal (K.) ; also at Lough Fea. Kane records a brown form from the county and also var. distincta-scotica, Tutt. Mamestra glauca, Hb.—Kane took this in abundance on the moorlands at Altadiawan; sometimes common at Vaccinium myrtillus growing in gulleys and ravines on the mountains near Lough Fea ; 900 to 1000 ft. Mamestra dentina, Ksp.—Common and widely spread. Dianthecia conspersa, Esp.—Abundant generally in the county ; larve on Lychnis flos-cuculi and Selene inflata ; var. suffusa, Tutt ; occurs near Lough Fea. Dianthecia capsincola, Hb.—Less abundant than the last species ; larve on S. inflata only. Dianthecia cucubali, Fues.—Abundant at Lychnis flowers in damp localities. 84 YHE KNTOMOLOGISY. “Hecatera serena, Fb.—Not rare at bladder campion, S. inflata, near Grange, also at Lissan and near Stewartstown ; some examples with fore wings suffused with grey. Epineuronia popularis, F.—Males often abundant at light, females at rest on grasses. Chareas graminis, L.—Abundant generally on moory ground. Eumichtis (Hadena) adusta, Ksp.—Common and_ widely spread; dark forms at Lough Fea. *Humichtis (H.) protea, Bkh.—A single example at sugar, Curglasson, September, 1916; a second specimen at Stuart Hall, September, 1920. Luperina testacea, Hb.—Not uncommon at light, var. nigrescens, Tuit ; at Lough Neagh. *Cerigo matura, Hufn.—Not rare at sugar and light; at Killymoon, Lissan, and near Stewartstown. *Celena haworthu, Curt.—Abundant on moorlands and bogs; not uncommon in a marsh near Stewartstown, where Hriphorum is absent; the larva probably feeding on Carex or Glyceria ; the form here is dark and obscurely marked, very different from the moorland type, which is purplish red. *Hama furva, Hb.—Rare at ragwort, near Lissan. Apamea gemina, Hb.—Very abundant at grasses, var. remissa, Hub., not uncommon; and also at Favour Royal (K.). *Apamea wnanimis, 'Tr.—Locally abundant in the district wherever Phalaris arundinacea is found in any quantity; Prof. J. W. Harrison took larve near Cookstown; the imago is to be taken at dusk, and later, with the aid of a light, flying over or at rest on this grass, and seldom comes to sugar here. Apamea basilinea, 'b.—Very abundant; the var. jinitima, Gn., at Favour Royal (K.). Apamea secalis, L.—Very abundant everywhere, varying from a dirty grey to black in banded and unicolorous forms. *Apamea ophiogramma, Esp.—Locally common and widely spread ; frequenting Glyceria, growing in damp ditches and marshes. Localities: Near Lissan, Grange, at Stewartstown, and in the Lough Neagh district. Miana strigilis, Clerck.—Abundant at sugar in the following forms: Vars. latruncula, Lang., erata, Esp., and fasciata, Tutt. Miana fasciuncula, Haw.—Common generally ; var. suffusa, Tutt., at Favour Royal (K.). ‘ *Miana literosa, Haw.—Almost as abundant as .VW. strigilis in this locality, the imago frequenting grasses in the marshes and ragwort on pasture-land. *Miana bicoloria, Vill.—Not common ; a dull putty-coloured form, var. terminalis, Haw. Xylophasia rurea, Fb.—Very abundant; the greyish-white (type) form not uncommon; var. combusta, Haw.r, are. Xylophasia lithoxylea, Fb.—Common and widely distributed. NOTES ON THE VARIATION OF PERONEA CRISTANA, FAB. 35 Xylophasia sublustris, Ksp.—Very local at Favour Royal (K.). Xylophasia monoglypha, Hufn. —-Abundant everywhere, vary- ing from a pale form to vars. infuscata, White, and ethops, Tutt ; the latter not uncommon at Lough Fea and also near Favour Royal (K.). Xylophasia hepatica, L.—Kane records this species as very local at Altadiawan and Favour Royal. * Aporophyla nigra, Haw.—Rare at sugar, Killymoon. Miselia oxyacanthe, L..—Abundant at sugar and ivy bloom ; one ab. capucina, Mill., near Killymoon ; a dark form approach- ing this at Favour Royal (K.). Agriopis aprilina, L.—Rare in the county (K.); a single example at sugar near Lissan. (To be continued.) NOTES ON THE VARIATION OF PERONEA CRISTANA, FAB., WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW FORMS, AND THE REASONS FOR SINKING THE NAMES AT PRESENT IN USE OF SIX OTHERS. By W. G. SHeupon, F.Z.S., F.E.S. (Continued from p. 16.) Ab. ulotana, Clark. After very careful study I am convinced that this aberration is identical with ab. sericana, Hub. Clark describes this (loc. cit., p. 291), ‘‘ anterior wings dark slate-colour, with a bright red streak which proceeds from the base to the large button, which is also red’’; and of ab. sericana, Hub., he says, “‘ fore wings of a purplish grey, but with a bright orange median longitudinal line from base to beyond the middle of wing, edged above with a darker line running up to apex.” To the ‘‘ purplish-grey”’ colour of sericana one must give a certain latitude, for, as is well known, Hubner’s figures vary a good deal, and in the six copies of his work I have been able to consult, no two give the ground-colour of this figure exactly the same ; in one at least it is practically identical with Clark’s type of wlotana, which, moreover, has the front of the superiors ‘‘ edged with a darker line running up to the apex,” described by Clark as charac- teristic of sericana. By far the most striking character of ulotana is the “ bright red streak which proceeds from the base to the button,” and this is identical in both forms; the name wlotana, Clark (1901), should therefore sink in favour of the much older one of sericana, Hub. (1796). Ab. nigropunctana, Clark, comes near to ab. fulvostriana, Desvignes. Clark says “it is easy to distinguish it from albipunc- tana, Stephs., and ochreapunctana, Clark, because it has an almost black button and the others have light ones,’’ but he does not 36 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. allude to the much more difficult task of distinguishing it from fulvostriana, Dsvgs., which, as the latter says, is ‘‘ similar to striana except for a fulvous vitta.”’ The type of nigropunctana is correctly described by Clark. I should differentiate it from fulvostriana by the more uniform-coloured disc of the superiors, this is more ochreous than in fulvostriana, which I should call reddish brown ; it has also an orange vitta instead of a lighter fulvous one. Clark’s ambiguous description has led me into an error in including in the list of captures in my paper (loc. cit., p. 269) six examples of nigropunctana ; all but one should be fulvostriana. I have only one other example of nigropunctana, which was taken in the New Forest in 1918. I consider it an extremely rare form. The Webb series is hopelessly mixed: of thirty-four specimens (apart from the type) only eight agree with it, eight are ab. provittana, Dsvgs., one is combustana, Dup. = sequana, Curtis, and the remainder can only be called fulvostriana, Dsvgs. Apart from the fulvostriana alluded to above, Webb had nineteen examples in one part of his series and ten in another part. His series of sixteen so-called provittana, Dsvgs., can, as previously stated, only be designated fulvostriana also. Evidently the task of separating these very similar forms was utterly beyond the powers of his eyesight. There are six series in the Webb Collection that do not agree with any named forms, and as they are all quite distinct and recurrent | propose to give them names. The first is one of the white forms, which I propose to call ab. flavana, n. ab. This was described by Webb, but not named, in his paper (loc. cit., ‘ Entomologist,’ vol. xliii, p. 200) as follows : ‘* Basal half of wings dirty yellow, with a few reddish markings at the base. The red line from the button terminates at the costa before the apex, and is strongly pronounced; it is con- tinued towards the base after having been interrupted by the central white tuft and pale fascia, then along the outer edge of the vitta to the base of the wing. ‘The white clouds in the hinder third of the wings are distinct and well defined, and the ends of the wings are red brown.” ‘This description is correct and I have adopted it. In the Webb Collection there are two examples of this form, which is a very handsome one. These, as he says, came from the Clark Collection ‘‘ as tolana, with which they have no affinity.” I also have two examples from the New Forest, and Mr. South has one. I believe ab. flavana to be purely a New Forest form. Ab. southiana, n. ab. I give this name after Mr. BR. South, who first interested me in Peronea cristana and who has done so much for entomology, to a very handsome form, of which there are four specimens in the series, three of which came from Clark ; it is alluded to by Webb as wanting a name (loc. cit., vol. xliv, p. 291), and I describe it as follows: NOTES ON THE VARIATION OF PERONEA CRISTANA, FAB. 37 Exactly as semiustana, Curtis, but with pure white vitta, button, subsiding tufts, head and thorax. The specimens are all without data, but Webb says: ‘‘Several specimens have been taken in the New Forest.” Mr. South has an example of this form, which also came from the New Forest. Ab. webbiana, n. ab. ‘This form is similar to the last, with the exception that the vitta, button, subsidiary tufts, head, palpi and thorax are cream-coloured instead of white, and the ground colour of the superiors is darker. There are half a dozen examples in the collection, two from Folkestone (Purdey), one Epping Forest, no doubt from Clark, and three without data. I believe this is not an uncommon aberration at Folkestone, and I have obtained two this year from the New Forest. The form is of course named after Sydney Webb. Ab. fulvana, n. ab. Exactly as desfontainana, Fab., but with only a trace of a button. The examples, nine in number, were labelled by Webb ab. sericana, Hub. They are old specimens, set on white pins, without data, except that one is labelled ‘** Sheppard’s sale” and another ‘‘ Bond Collection’; the form is a not uncommon. one in old collections, but I do not know of any modern examples, and presume it came from a locality that no longer produces cristana. Ab. ustulana, n. ab. This form is the one that at present is usually, but erroneously considered to be ab. provittana, Dsvgs. It is exactly as ab. semiustana, Curtis, but has a cream-coloured vitta, head, palpi and thorax; it is a well-known and striking form, not uncommon in the New Forest, from which | have a series of fifteen specimens. ‘There were four in the Webb Collection, three of which were labelled ‘‘ Bond Colln.”’; the other was unlabelled. Webb states (loc. cit.), vol. xlii, p. 266, “The old students of cristana regarded a ‘similarly colored’ (to proxanthovittana, Clark) ‘ brown tufted insect’ as vanthovittana, Desvignes. As the true xanthovittana, Desvignes, is without, or has only a small button, it follows that the form quoted by Webb is at present without a name, for clearly he refers to a form with a button of average size; his suggestion (loc. cit.) that the name proxanthovittana, Clark, should be transferred to it being homony- mous is invalid in accordance with the Jaws governing nomen- clature. I therefore give it the name fulvopunctana, n. ab., and describe it thus. Superiors reddish brown, with the bases, costal blotch, and some smaller areas of a slightly darker brown colour, giving the whole wing a somewhat mottled appearance ; the button is bright red-brown ; the head, palpi and thorax are a dark cream colour with red-brown scales intermixed ; the vitta is a rich vellow. There are sixteen examples in the series; all old specimens, three of which date before 1850. All are without data with the 38 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. exception of five, two of which are labelled ‘‘ Bond Collection ” ; one ‘*‘ Mason Collection’; one ‘‘ Webb, New Forest, 1891,’’ and one ‘‘ Harper Collection”; they were placed by Webb next to his series of xanthovittana, Desvignes, and were not named. I have been repeatedly asked what method I[ adopt in arranging the forms of cristana in the cabinet. There is only one method which I can conceive has anything to recommend it, and that is, in groups. Webb, in his paper (loc. cit.), adopts this method, but he does not make any attempt at a natural sequence. My arrangement, which I give for what it is worth, observing that it does not pretend to be perfection, is as follows: I divide the forms into nine groups, which I call the cristana, chantana, spadiceana, ruficostana, striana, profanana, desfon- tainana, cristalana, and capucina groups, and arrange them in the following order: (1) Cristana group. Forms with plain unicolorous ground- colour to the superiors, with or without vitta, and button, and including the following aberrations: Cristana, Fab., albipunctana, Stphs., ochreapunctana, Clark, jfuscana, Clark, nigrocristana, Clark, albonigrana, Clark, alboflammana, Curt., subalboflammana, Clark, fulvopunctana, Sheldon, xanthovittana, Desvignes, nigro- punctana, Clark, subvittana, Stphs., punctana, Clark, nigro- subvittana, Clark, unicolorana, Desvignes, and subunicolorana, Clark. (2) Chantana group. Forms with the front half of the superiors from a line drawn from the inner margin of base to near the apex chestnut colour, including abs. chantana, Curt., postchantana, Webb, prochantana, Ciark, subchantana, Clark, and vaughaniana, Webb. (3) Spadiceana group. Forms with the front half of the upper wing from the inner margin of base to near the apex different shades of brown, including abs. spadiceana, Haw., vittana, Stphs., intermediana, Clark, brunneana, Stphs., swb- striana, Stphs., and rufinigrana, Clark. (4) Ruficostane group. Forms with the front portion of the superiors from the inner margin of the base to a point on the costa near the apex dark brown or black, the other portion of superiors, with the exception of the inner margin, being grey. Button very small or not existing, including abs. ruficostana, Curtis, alborujicostana, Clark, attaliana, Clark, nigrocostana, Clark, and transversana, Clark. (5) Striana group. Forms with the disc of the superiors plain brown or black, but with lighter markings in the anal angle, and the vitta striated with dark lines including abs. striana, Haw., prostriana, Clark, merlana, Clark, insulana, Curt., and fulvostriana, Desvignes. (6) Profanana group. Forms with superiors brown or black more or less mottled with darker colour, including abs. profanana, THE OCCURRENCE OF THEOBALDIA ARCTICA, EDW., IN ENGLAND. 389 Fab., provittana, Dsvgs., semiustana, Curt., semistriana, Dsvgs., bentleyana, Curt., ustulana, Sheldon, southiana, Sheldon, webbiana, Sheldon, atrana, Clark, jansoniana, Webb, subnigrana, Image, nigrana, Clark. (7) Desfontainana group. Forms with the front portion of superiors from the inner margin of the base to a point on the costa near the apex reddish-orange (except in ab. sericana, and ab. flammeana, in which it stops at the button), the ground colour being shades of grey or slate colour, including abs. desfontainana, Fab., fulvana, Sheldon, consimiliana, Stphs., sericana, Hub., flammeana, Webb, albovittana, Stphs., and fulvocristana, Stphs. (8) Cristalana group. Forms with the superiors much varie- gated with lighter and darker markings, the ground-colour grey or brown, including abs. cristalana, Donovan, procristalana, Webb, subcristalana, Curtis, fulvovittana, Stphs., subfulvovittana, Clark, and combustana, Dup. (9) Capucina group. Forms with the ground-colour of the superiors almost or quite white, mottled with grey or reddish- grey, andincluding abs. capucina, Johnson, subcapucina, Desvignes, purdeyana, Webb, gumpinana, Johnson, masoniana, Clark, curti- sana, Desvignes, tolana, Desvignes, flavana, Sheldon, and ochreana, Sheldon. It is very difficult to decide where to place a few of the forms, which have affinities with more than one group. Amongst these are substriana, Stphs., rufinigrana, Clark, semistriana, Dsvgs., and some of the melanic forms. (To be continued.) THE OCCURRENCE OF THEOBALDIA ARCTICA, Epw., IN ENGLAND. By Henry F. Carter. In January, 1920 (‘ Bull. Ent. Res.,’ x, p. 186), Mr. F. W. Edwards, of the British Museum, described a mosquito of the genus Theobaldia under the name J’. arctica. This species, which was represented by a single male captured at Archangel, much resembled the common European 7’. annulata, Sch., and was almost identical in coloration with JT. alaskdensis, Lud. (1906), and 7’. siberiensis, Lud. (1920). The last-named species is known from the female only, but the Archangel form apparently differed slightly from 7’. alaskdensis in the structure of the male hypopygium, and on this account and in view of its widely different place of origin it was accorded specific rank. In a later note (‘Scottish Naturalist,’ May-June, 1920) the same author recorded 7’. arctica as new to the British faunal list, he having received four specimens (1 ¢, 38 ¢) from Dumbarton and Edinburgh. He also stated that he was ‘‘ now inclined to 40 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. regard these names (i.e. 7’. alaskdensis, T’. siberiensis and 7’. arctica) as indicating, at most, slight local variations of a single species of holoarctic distribution.’’ In the same paper, however, he suggests provisional retention of the name T’. arctica until males from Alaska and Siberia are available for comparison. Recently, having occasion to examine a series of preparations of the male hypopygia of J’. annulata in the collection of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, a specimen labelied ‘‘ Cheshire 1912°’ was discovered which differed considerably from the others, but agreed with the characters given by Edwards for 7’. arctica. The male from which this preparation of the hypopygium had been made was then examined, and its colora- tion found to correspond closely with that described for 7’. arctica and 7’. alaskdensis. Subsequently a search through the 7’. annu- lata material in the collection revealed the presence of a second male of 7’. arctica ; this specimen was labelled ‘‘ bred from larva, Cheshire, 1912.’’ Unfortunately more exact data regarding these two specimens cannot be given, but it is highly probable that both were reared from larve, and that these were present in a mixed sample of mosquito larve collected in the Wirral Peninsula and intended for demonstration purposes. The existence of J’. arctica so far south as Cheshire is of considerable interest ; its unexpected appearance in this county emphasises the need—already indicated by recent discoverles— for more consistent and detailed work in connection with our indigenous mosquitoes. Liverpool ; October, 1920. THE HETEROPTERA OF INDO-CHINA. By W. L. Distant. (Continued from p. 6.) NEONIPHE, gen. nov. Closely allied to Niphe, Stal, but differing from that genus by the strongly-spined anterior femora, which are closely serrate beneath with a prominent spine before apex. Neontphe armata, sp. n. Ochraceous, thickly rather finely darkly punctate ; pronotum with a series of six impressed dark spots on anterior area; eyes pale dull castaneous; scutellum more darkly punctate on anterior area, the basal margin with pale ochraceous linear spots and the dise with indications of a central pale longitudinal fascia; corium paler on extreme lateral margin and with a narrow sublateral paler line; THE HETEROPTERA OF INDO-CHINA. 41 membrane pale fuscous; body beneath and legs ochraceous, finely darkly punctate, tibiz more ochraceous and less punctate; rostrum about reaching posterior coxie, its apex black; antennw sanguineous second joint very much longer than third, remainder mutilated. Long, 12 mm. Tonkin; Hagiang. Lolumnia latipes. Pentatoma latipes, Dall, List. Hem. 1, p. 2388 (1857); var. contingens, Walk. Cat. Het. u, p. 302 (1867). ? Tolumnia ferruginescens, Bredd. Wien. Ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 7 (1904). Luang Prabang. This species, which I previously placed as a var. of 7’. latipes, Dall., is also probably the J’. ferruginescens, Bredd. Hoplistodera tonkinensis, sp. n. Ochraceous, sometimes distinctly darker in hue on basal areas of pronotum and scutellum; head above somewhat coarsely punctate, the central lobe distinctly prominent; antennze ochraceous, second and third joints shortest; pronotum coarsely punctate, the lateral angles produced in robust subacute spines, their apices slightly reflexed backwardly, and with a notched tubercle beneath at about half their length; scutellum with about basal half coarsely, sparingly, and the apical half more thickly and finely punctate ; corium coarsely and irregularly punctate ; body beneath and legs a little more darkly ochraceous ; rostrum extending a little beyond posterior coxe. Long, 64-74 mm. ; breadth between pronotal angles, 7-74 mm. Tonkin, Chapa; Haut-Mékong, Tong Lap. Allied to H. incisa, Dist. from British India, but a much narrower species, especially in the breadth between the pronotal angles; the third and fourth joints of the antenne much shorter, etc. Hoplistodera scutello-maculata, sp. n. Head, pronotum and scutellum brownish ochraceous or pale castaneous, anterior area of head more or less mottled with obscure ochraceous, central lobe usually more or less piceous; pronotum coarsely darkly punctate, its anterior area with luteous waved corru- gations, and a transverse piceous spot on each side before anterior margin ; scutellum with distinct luteous reticulate fascie, thus giving the ground-colour a maculate appearance, three luteous spots on basal margin, and the whole surface more or less somewhat finely distinctly punctate; corium more or less coarsely punctate; con- nexivum dull ochraceous, with pale castaneous segmental maculations ; body beneath pale castaneous, the legs stramineous ; antennx pale brownish, the basal areas of the joints much paler in hue, third joint shortest, second and fourth subequal in length, apical joint longest ; lateral pronotal angles strongly and robustly produced, their apices somewhat acute. Long, 63-7 mm. ; breadth between pronotal angles, 6}—7 mm. Luang Prabang; Haut-Mékong, Ban Silah, Tong Lap, Vieng Vai. Allied to H. convexa, Dall., from the Philippines. ENTOM.—FEBRUARY, 1921. E 42 THE ENTOMOLOGIS’. SaCONTALA, gen. nov. Head a little longer than broad, obliquely deflected, broadest and truncate at apex, the anterior lateral angles produced, the lateral margins concave ; pronotum about twice as broad as long, the lateral angles strongly and broadly produced; scutellum broad, considerably passing apex of corium, which is short ; membrane short but broad ; posterior femora with a short tooth beneath near apex. Allied to Hoplistodera, but differing by the broad and truncate head, etc. Sacontala rugulosa, sp. n. Head black, obliquely deflected, thickly somewhat coarsely punctate, the anterior lateral angles produced outwardly, the lateral margins strongly concave; pronotum, scutellum and corium bronzy brown, coarsely punctate and regulose, pronotum with a distinct central longitudinal carinate line, the lateral angles broad, strongly trans- versely and a little forwardly produced, their apices concavely angulate ; scutellum about as long as broad at base, the basal area moderately elevated and rugulose, remaining area coarsely punctate, the basal angles black; corium short, considerably shorter than scutellum, coarsely punctate; membrane pale bronzy brown, the venation darker; body beneath imperfectly seen in two carded specimens, but apparently coarsely darkly punctate; legs black, annulated with ochraceous, posterior tibie only black at base; antenne mutilated in the two specimens now before me. Long, 64-7 mm. ; breadth between pronotal angles, 6-7 mm. Tonkin; Chapa. Stenozygum speciosum. ' Strachia speciosum, Dall, List. Hem. i, p. 261 (1851). Stenozygum speciosum, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind. Rhynch. Het. i, p. 198, fe. 115 (i902). Laos, Ventiana; Tonkin. In nearly all the specimens of this species which I have examined the reddish markings as seen in typical specimens are absent and replaced by Juteous coloration. Agathocles dubius, sp. n. Dark blackish-castaneous, lateral marginal areas of the corium paler but finely darkly punctate; membrane paler, reflecting the dark abdomen beneath, the veins darker; body beneath black, thickly finely punctate; legs dull dark ochraceous; rostrum reaching the intermediate cox; head longer than broad, the lateral lobes longer than the central, somewhat convexly narrowed to apex; first joint of antennz about reaching apex of head, second a little shorter than third, fourth or fifth, which are subequal in length, apical joint with its basal area paler in hue; eyes somewhat prominently exserted ; pronotum punctate and moderately rugulose, the lateral margins narrowly reflexed, the anterior and posterior angles slightly pro- duced ; scutellum finely punctate and moderately transversely rugu- THE HETEROPTERA OF INDO-CHINA. 43 lose; corium somewhat coarsely sparsely punctate; rostrum about reaching the intermediate coxz ; body elongate. Long, 14 mm.; breadth between pronotal angles, 7 mm. Luang Prabang, Van Nham. . Prionica tonkinensis, sp. n. Body above dark chocolate brown, thickly coarsely punctate, and with some small scattered obscure ochraceous spots ; antennz black, first joint not reaching apex of head and reddish ochraceous at its base, second joint about as long as third and fourth joints together ; pronotum with the lateral angles moderately robust and anteriorly and somewhat upwardly produced, the whole of the lateral margins (including spines) coarsely serrate; scutellum slightly passing base of membrane, which is bronzy-brown; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long, 10-11 mm.; breadth between pronotal angles, 10-11 mm. Tonkin ; Chapa. Allied to P. nigrescens, Dist. Menida laosana, sp. 0. Body above dark ochraceous; head, pronotum and corium some- what thickly, darkly punctate ; antennz ochraceous, apical joint dis- tinctly darker in coloration; eyes black ; pronotum with a sublateral margin of small black punctures, and two transverse waved lines of very dark punctures on anterior area; scutellum paler in hue, more greenish ochraceous, a pale smooth spot in each basal angle and a few minute pale spots on each lateral margin, the apex distinctly paler in hue and sparingly blackly punctate; corium darkly punctate, membrane more pale bronzy in hue, the veins prominently darker in hue; wings imperfectly seen, bronzy green, with the veins distinctly darker in hue; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded type, pale ochraceous, the venation and stigmatal spots darker, and a broad submarginal blackish spot on each side of metasternum. Long, 8 mm, Laos; Luang Prabang. Menida raja, sp. n. Body above dark shining indigo-blue ; head dark ochraceous, finely darkly punctate, a large transverse basal ochraceous spot to scutellum, which is slightly centrally angulate on its posterior margin ; mem- brane pale brownish ochraceous with the venation darker in hue; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded type; antenne ochraceous, extreme apices of the first, second and third joints darker in hue, remaining joints mutilated; pronotum thickly finely punctate; scutellum thickly, finely, somewhat indistinctly punctate. Long, 7 mm. Laos; Xieng Khowang. Menida vitalisana, sp. n. Head and anterior area of pronotum shining metallic green, pos- terior area of pronotum and its narrow anterior and lateral margins 44 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. shining ochraceous or reddish ochraceous ; scutellum pale ochraceous, sparingly punctate, a large transverse basal spot and a small marginal spot on each side before apex metallic green or pale blackish; corium metallic green or purplish green, thickly finely punctate; membrane greyish white; body beneath and legs ochraceous, somewhat thickly darkly punctate : antenne black, second joint somewhat short, third, fourth and fifth joints longer and almost subequal in length; con- nexivum ochraceous with somewhat large metallic-green transverse spots. Long, 8 mm. Tonkin; Chapa. The British Museum Collection also contains a specimen from W. Yunnan collected by Dr. Anderson. (To be continued.) NEW FOREST NOTES AND CAPTURES, 1920. By Hueu P. Jones. In a season such as this last has been, when for weeks on end all active collecting was stopped by wet weather, it is rather a difficult matter to arrange material collected for this paper, any month-by-month treatment being out of the question. For instance, whilst March was a beautiful month, the heat in woods and enclosures here being that which is generally described as summer-like, bringing out spring Diptera and Lepidoptera much before their time, April’s weather was just the contrary, cold winds and continual rain keeping back everything that was not already out and decimating those that were—e. g. Huchloé carda- mines, which from being well on the wing by the beginning of April had almost disappeared by May, only a few stragglers surviving to enjoy the sun that eventually appeared, and con- tinued, with dull intervals, until the end of June. During this fine period insects were so abundant and forward that most entomologists anticipated a record season ; but alas! it was not to last. It started to rain again in July, and kept on raining so heavily and continuously that when the sun shone again in August the woods were practically bare of insect life, a state which continued until about the middle of the month— too late, of course, for anything interesting to survive (although I was pleased to see Dryas paphia, var. valesina, in sufficient numbers to ensure continuity next season). Limenitis sibylla, amongst the butterflies, suffered the most, being swept entirely away in some places, the greatest damage being done at Royden, where from being out in the greatest profusion towards the end of June not a single specimen was observed later, even paphia barely surviving here. However, the early appearance of the former may have saved it for this part of the forest, for whilst collecting some full-fed NEW FOREST NOLES AND CAPTURES, 1920. 45 larve during the first week of June I saw a male flying, and a week later this sex was well out—possibly records for early appearances, and generally an omen of what is to follow. August and September were, on the whole, fine, but insects were too affected by previous wet weather to be abundant, almost everything being a month behind time, so that October really took the place of September, the latter month actually producing freshly-emerged species that would, in the ordinary course, have appeared in July. (See list of Tabanide.) I give here a list of my various captures arranged in their natural order, which, under the circumstances, is the most convenient : Hymenoptera aculeata: At the risk of being tedious I give these in full, recent records being much needed. It is a poor list, several families being entirely omitted through shortage of time and collecting weather, but, I think, better than none at all. Amongst the Bombide are some rather unaccountable blanks, certainly not due in their case to lack of observation. Aunts: I have done little with regard to naming these at present, not having sufficient types for a sure identification. Formica rufa was unpleasantly abundant at Rhinefield in May, beating the oaks briuging down hundreds at a time into the tray, the few lepidopterous larve that fell being at once seized upon. A pity the work of destruction was not done earlier to avoid extreme defoliation of the trees, but possibly even the ants in some years are outnumbered by the larve of such moths as H. defoliaria, Tortrix viridana, ete.! Larve of a species of Microdon (Diptera) were rather common in the nest of Lasius sp. ? (fuliginosus, without much doubt) at Aldridge Hill in July and August. Mutilla: Neither M. europea or M. rufipes were seen. Absence of the former scarce thing was perhaps to be expected, but I hoped to turn up the latter. Probably both occur. Pompilus plumbeus was not uncommon at Milford, and P. viaticus very abundant on banks by the side of enclosures, etc., but other members of the family were scarce. P. niger was tuken here and there from May to September, as also P. gibbus and P. pectinipes. I could not find P. wesmali. Salius fuscus (scarce at Setley), S. exaltata, S. parvulus, Cerophales maculata (Royden), Astatus boops (a few in a gravel- pit at Setley), Tachytes pectinipes. Trypoxylon: All the three species. Ammophila sabulosa : Extremely abundant from Juneto September. A ¢ taken at Park Hill in June measures only 10 mm. across wings! A. cam- pestris: Common locally, and evidently in some places out- numbers sabulosa, as in several dozen ‘‘ sand wasps ”’ collected for me all but two were this species. It is, of course, easily dentified by the petiolated second submarginal cell and strigose 46 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. propodeum, but is markedly distinct in other ways, the ¢ having the abdomen almost black or deep plum-colour--an exaggeration of the black discal spot so characteristic of ¢ sabulosa. Also both sexes are of the same size, neither being so large as the average 2 sabulosa, nor so small as some of the latter’s males. For the last reason campestris can generally be distinguished on the wing. Psammophila hirsuta: This fine thing did not appear this year until both of the former were almost over, i.e. towards the middle of September. Locally common. My last capture was made in the first week of October, and several females were seen later at Setley. : Psammophila lutaria was not seen on the coast here at the end of August, but might have been taken afterwards. Pemphredon: Members of this family were scarce, and as most of the trunks and palings in the forest were sodden with rain I did not take a single P. lugubris or black crabro. Diodontus : Once seen ; probably tristis. Mimesa: Only two specimens, which are probably bicolor. They were picked out from mixed wasps collected for me and pinned before determination, so that markings on mesonotum are difficult to make out. Gorytes mystaceus (Royden) and Hoplisus laticinctus (Royden) : A fine 2 of the latter in July flying over a tangled mass of brambles, heather, ete. Wet weather spoiled the search for this species and Nysson, of which family none were seen. Mellinus arvensis: Extremely abundant locally. At Setley it occurs in one gravel-pit commonly, but not once seem in another close by! Preys here on various T'achinide (Diptera) ; on several occasions taken with the bright green Pseudopyrellia cornecina. Females are very fond of resting on leaves, especially bracken, probably in search of flies. M. sabulosus I did not see on the coast here between Milford and Highcliffe. Cerceris ornata occurred singly at places widely apart. C. labiata and C. interruptus both taken, but the fine C. arenaria not even seen. Oxybelus uniglumis: Setley and elsewhere, but not common. Crabro: As referred to under Pemphredon, I did not take any of the ‘‘black’’ species. C. quadrimaculata was not seen on any dead trunks, old posts, ete. The same may be said of C. dimidiatus, although both no doubt were present. C. cephalotes, C. chrysostomus (Royden in September) ; a single ? C. cribrarius from G. Gulliver; C. peltarius (females not uncommon on banks at Norley Wood and singly elsewhere). C. lituratus: One g at Royden. C. albilabris did not appear. Vespa: V.crabro not nearly so common as last year, and entirely absent at Royden, where the previous autumn it swarmed NEW FOREST NOTES AND capruREs, 1920. 47 ec ’ at ‘‘sugar patches.” V. vulgaris and V. germanica both at Lymington, but V. rufa is the wasp of the forest, whether heaths, gardens or woods. V. sylvestris and V. norvegica were both taken at Royden (‘‘ workers ”’ only), but not seen elsewhere. Neither species can be overlooked. Odynerus: Although, continually working at this family I experienced very poor results. O. spinipes was fairly common on most banks in most woods, and when not seen its absence. was probably owing to the ‘‘ wood ant,” but O. melanocephalus was not taken. The latter is more a hedge species. O. callosus, O. parietum and a few O. trifasciatus. O. pictus was not seen, and probably deserves the ‘‘ not common” of Saunders. I have taken both this species and the preceding commonly in Cambridge gardens. O.parietinus : A single 2 brought to me in September. O. crassicornis : A female of this scarce species was taken in July during a short break in the rain flying round some »ushes. Being almost certain of its identity directly I had it in my hand I tried hard for more, but wet weather set in again, so had no chance. Of its congeners only a solitary O. sinuatus was taken, but probably gracilis also occurs. The two common species, O. callosus and O. parietum, were brought to me in numbers throughout August and September on the chance that there might be some rarer species amongst ,them. Unfortunately this was not so! Eumenes coartata: Not uncommon during September on heaths at Setley, but I could not find any “ nests.”’ Bees: Colletes succinctus, C. fodiens, and C. daviesana, Sphecodes gibbus, S. subquadratus and doubtful females. Falicti: These little bees were unusually scarce. Out of those taken I have determined the followmg: H. rubicundus, quidrinotus, prasinus, cylindricus (1 don’t think any of these are albipes), villosulus, nitidusculus, minutissimus (a few at Norley Wood) and morio. Leucopus not found amongst few ‘ green ”’ ones taken. I was disappointed at not taking H. xanthopus. Andrena: A.albicans, florea, thoracica, fuscipes, fulvicus, argen- tata, afzeliella and minutula. A very poor lot, owing to the fact that I did no spring collecting for them. The beautiful Dasypoda hirtipes was not seen on the coast. Panurgus calcaratus: Two from Mr. G. Gulliver; exact locality in forest uncertain. Nomada : N. solidaginis was in the greatest abundance on all heaths. Whatever the host of this ‘‘cuckoo’’ I pity it! A few N. roberjeotiana were found at Setthorns, and other species taken were N. sexfasciata, alternata, jacobee and lathburiana. . With the exception of a solitary N. furva no others of the family were seen and I could not work for them in the spring. Epeolus rufipes : Not uncommon where colletes was burrowing. A few Celoxys (rufescens, elongata) and Megachile circumcincta, 48 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. and centuncularis, willughbiella and ligniseca (the last from thistle- heads at Royden). (To be continued.) NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. DISAPPEARANCE OF AGRIADES CORYDON AB. SYNGRAPHA FROM THE CuinTerns.—I have read Mr. Oliver’s note on the disappearance of this beautiful form from its once favoured haunts in the hills about Cadsdene. I do not agree with the reasons he suggests for this disappearance, and I believe it myself to be due principally to the depredations of the reckless and callous collector. If not, all I can say is that the coincidence of this year’s scarcity, if not actual extinction of the form, is more than remarkable. I have known the Cadsdene locality for close on five and twenty years. I have no doubt that I should have discovered the presence of ab. syngrapha (I can find no warrant at present for displacing Keferstein’s name as demanded by Tutt, and the substitution of tthonus, Meig., as Meigen’s description is not convincing) long before I did had I not almost invariably until 1913, I think, been abroad or out of reach of the Chilterns in August. I certainly did discover the form here—at all events, I was the first to publish it, though I left the immediate locality unspecified. Very bitterly do I regret that I ever did publish the second note when I had had an opportunity of visiting the spot at the right season. No one seems to have taken any notice of the original announcement (‘ Entom.,’ vol. xliv, p. 290), probably becatise it recorded a single specimen, and that late in the year—September 9th. It was in 1916 that I encountered the first net on the syngrapha ground. Owing to the war work in which I was engaged I had little time for observations, and my visits had been very few and far between. The net in question had secured twenty examples without effort in a single morning; and, as I anticipated, it was futile to expect that the little preserve, from which I had taken as many examples myself in as many years, would be secret to myself and a few genuine Nature-lovers much longer. My worst fears were realised in 1917, when the ground was overrun by dealers’ collectors, and amateurs apparently drawn from all parts of the United Kingdom, and not engaged, I assume, in war work. I have reason to know that some hundreds of syngrapha were removed, in the majority of cases immediately on emergence, and, therefore, before they had been given the chance to pair and lay their eggs. Also the worst features of the Royston massacres were reproduced—the variety hunter netting every female, bottling them wholesale before examination, and leaving those rejected as normal dead or poisoned on the grass. The Royston ground is extended, the Chilterns ground but a patch. Syngrapha had become a commercial asset. It was, in my opinion, only a question of time how soon the place thereof would know it no more in sufficient numbers to make it worth while the annual invasion. I find the following entry in my entomological notes for 1917: «August 11th. Was disgusted to find people had been on the syngrapha ground apparently foraliving. . . . Was informed that one collector had taken over 100 the previous day.” NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 49 I saw but a ragged remnant, which no doubt fell victim to the next destroyer. Being on leave I revisited the scene on September 7th. Again I quote my diary: “A few still fresh female corydon about and very passés males. As the sun never broke out there was little flying, but curiously enough the one butterfly captured was syngrapha —a good example.’ Search of the grass bents revealed no more ; but it is at least reasonable to argue that the form might have been over altogether at this date. We now come to 1918. I was away for the first half of August, and between July 30th and September 7th I found no opportunity to return to the Chilterns. On the former date I find from my diary: “I saw one syngrapha only ; the species is not yet out in force, but I noted one gentleman already on the ground with a net the size of a coal-sack—big enough to intern the entire butterfly population of the Bucks Chilterns per se.” On September 7th the slopes reminded me of a visit paid in 1907 to the famous Plebeius zephyrus lycidas ground below Berisal. Every- where the grass, flowers, and down had the appearance of being manceuvred over by a cavalry brigade. ‘I was surprised to find two absolutely fresh males. No trace of syngrapha . . . The débacle had been thorough—how thorough the experience of 1919 was to prove with lamentable conviction. With a view to determining the extent of collection in this locality I attended the meet- ings of the South London Society in November. The exhibits as usual on this popular occasion were many and_ various, but it was pitiful to see the cases crammed with the unfor- tunate Corydon “from the Bucks Chilterns’”’-—some hundreds, and many of them typical or of such trivial departure from type that one wondered what they were doing in this gallery. I was not in the least surprised, therefore, when I read the report of the ‘Variety Exhibition ” in the Society’s ‘‘ Proceedings,’ 1919-20, to find that, though exhibits included ‘‘ many other interesting forms ”’ from the Chiltern Hills, ab. syngrapha was not recorded among them.. An extract from my diary reads: “August 15th. Back to Chilterns, but found the drought had accelerated everything, and all butterflies passés. The syngrapha ground trodden down. I watched two men with huge nets who never moved off the slope all day ’—that is to say when I returned from afurther investigation on the hills elsewhere, the same nets were still where I left them two or three hours earlier. Their syngrapha bag must have been meagre, for 1 noted (‘ Proc. 5. London Soe.,’ 1919-20), at the meeting held August 25th Mr. Newman reported “ that Agriades coridon, on its usual habitat on the Chiltern Hills, was this year practically extinct, and that although collectors in abundance had frequented the locality in recent seasons, he did not consider the scarcity was due to over-collecting. In his opinion this was due to the attacks of ichneumons, for out of a large number of larve of A. coridon collected in the spring more than 90 per cent. were attacked.” Mr. Newman’s conclusions were appa- rently based on his experiences, or that of his collectors on the syngrapha ground only. I agree neither with them, nor the reason he advances for the scarcity of the species. The same day (August 25th), in the course of my rambles not a mile from “the devastated area,’ I note ‘‘a lovely congeries of corydon males 50 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. over some droppings reminiscent of the alpine throngs,” and further, on September 7th, when it may be assumed “the abundance of collectors ’ had decreased in volume, and the late emergences allowed some respite, despite the unfavourable weather a certain number of males and females—all typical—were observed in the same locality. It may be perfectly true that 90 per cent. of the larve collected hereabouts (?) were ichneumoned, but it will take much stronger evidence than that offered by Mr. Newman to convince me that the extinction of syngrapha was due to parasitic agency alone. Had not the hundreds of unimpregnated females been destroyed in the seasons immediately preceding 1919, it is reasonable to suppose that the balance of Nature would have been maintained. Mr. Newman says! that his experience at Royston was much the same as in this part of the Chilterns. But whereas this year (1920) there appears to have been no such wholesale falling off in that locality, my experience of the syn- grapha ground is in effect exactly the opposite. If left to itseli—and I fear this is too much to expect—it may be that a few syngrapha have evaded the net, professional and amateur, and will in time revivify the race. J am assured that a tendency to maleness in a local form, provided the type is allowed to exist, cannot be altogether eradicated by the extermination of the local form in question. May it be so, but for the present it is quite clear that indiscriminate collection threatens to destroy, if it has not actually killed, the goose that lays the golden egg. I have written these notes, therefore, to urge upon dealers and amateurs alike, not merely the unwisdom of their attacks, but in the hope—perhaps that is rather too sanguine a word—that A. corydon syngrapha in this little angle of its distribution may be left alone for a few years, if it be ordained to work out its own salvation. As it is, it seems to have suffered ‘the common fate of all things rare,” and to have realised prematurely, and to the grief of all true lovers of nature. ‘* How small a part of time they share That are so wondrous sweet and fair ! ’’— H. Rownanp-Brown; Harrow- Weald, December, 1920. Burrerruies iN Sourx Bucks, 1920.—The following short notes on butterflies observed in South Bucks this season may be of interest: Huchloé cardamines: Not nearly so abundant as usual. Colias edusa : Abundant on the Chilterns. Gonepteryxrhamni : Not so abundant as usual in the summer, but abundant in the spring. Limenitis stbylla.: Though I captured one specimen in 1919 I was unable to re-discover this buttertly this year. Hugonia polychloros : I have never met this butterfly here, with the exception of one doubtful specimen flying high. I should be glad to know if other readers have encountered it in S. Bucks. Aglais urtice: Abundant. Vanessa v0, Pyramets atalanta : Both very abundant. P. carduwi: A few seen. Dryas paphia: Not abundant. Argynnis cydippe: Abun- dant. A.aglaia: Very abundant and variable. Brenthis ewphrosyne : Abundant. B. selene I have never met with. Melitea aurima : One specimen near Risboro’. Melanargia galatea : Very abundant on the Chilterns. Pararge egerides and P. megera: Very abundant. Epinephele tithonus : Not nearly so abundant as usual.