4 He abv hg, Ree ho a it \/ “ i Ny} 2 ' / . 7 — i LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. FLY ns ny Warn ah THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S cet MONTHLY MAGAZINE: CONDUCTED BY ©. G. BARRETT, FES. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS. G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.8S. RB. McLACHLAN, FE.RS. J. W. DOUGLAS, F.ES. EK. SAUNDERS, F.L.S. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RS., &. SID CO IND) iS ladles eS WOME, AG [VOL. XXxX.] “The conceptions of great and small exist in our minds only, and in relation to ourselves, and for this reason the structures of almost imper- ceptible insects are in reality just as admirable as those of animated masses of colossal size.”—Osten Sacken. es SE er t a % LONDON: GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voors1’s Successors), 1, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1894. 12 Garr z LONDON : NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, N.W. MDCCCXCIV. INDEX. PAGE PAGE CONTRIBUTORS Mersnescnassescccsseectcceees eer i SpeciaL INDEX (continued)— Mepidopteray iccc.c- sss corcecessess cuseness Ke GENER ME PINDER (;cs5500.csss0) cae cceeehensereert ii Shee = INGUTOPLELAy -cse-scocssseeserte oe ceeeeeeenees xi SprcraL InpExX— Orthopteragesre ees eee iees xi Coleoptera) ciocectsacsceccesuceseseteceetne Vii GENERA AND SPECIES NEW TO SCIENCE... xii Dipterayeec.ccccscrcee: TRHOOCEECOUDCOSUOEOOODIGEE viii » » » re) , BRITAIN... xili Hemiptera) isis, scot esae econ sees eee ix EXPLANATION OF PLATES .. .....scecceeeeee0s xiv Ey MenOpteraicce-sesereesctecses cece cose x EGRURIAT AS, tess suideteces veweed nays cesses sweeten caetense xiv , INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS. PAGE PAGE JAERI, 105 hs INGIOESK Sonesanaas0s toa co ccenen cooe4ib) Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.ES. ... 22, 87, 98, Babingtoupes Wiss cecccqseces hee 8 133, 162, 194, 261 Bailey, W. E., F.L.S. .....37 | Edwards, James, F.E.S.. soe tueteee Od Bankes, Eustace R., M. he F. E. Sh 30, 39, 80, 112, 125, 188, 210, 275 Barrett, C. G., F.E.S....88, 113, 161, 211, 217, 249, 265 Beare, T. Hudson ... 2384, 276 Beaumont, Alfred, F.E.S. ............40, 64, 259 Bennett, W. H. ... 63, 64 Bergroth; Kvalds\MeD. ).0.0.0..0.02..0e-e ee LD Bethune-Baker, G. T., F.U.S. ...............285 LBs eaTGG (Cr Oh, JOUOSE cos ccaccaccooen cod oned feta, ASS Blandford, W. F. H., M.A., F ZS. .........228 Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., F.E.S. ......185 Bouskell, Frank, F.E.S. . Rececapad aacen! oy) Bradley, R.C............ 1, 63, 116, 164 Briggs, C. A., FES. a sebanee ibeualldan 236 Bromilow, Frank, F.E.S...................88, 114 Butler, H. A., B.A., F.ELS...........2..0.+2+05.2080 Campbell, W. Howard ..............0.00.0000. 211 Warlier MWe VIED sree cess tore ese ee OD Carpenter, George H., B.Sc. ............129, 164 Champion, G. C., F Z.S.......86, 100, 114, 115, 135, 185, 225, 258, 259 Chapman, T. A., M.D., F.E.S.......54, 163, 258 ChinistysiWep Mes HEnS: csenes ste seenceasaeenouo Cockerell ipl) WAR WZ See cease. cocsuccoun Dal Day, F. H.. Silke. ncnconl 4 Donations: HL St. i. F. B a 63, 136, 162 Douglas, J. W., F.E.S. ......17, 28, 40, 73, 87, 136, 154 Druce; Hamnltoni Hy, BZ:8) o.oo seis esses ene 9 Fowler, Rev. Canon W. W. ie ELS... 22, 68, 92, 168, 284, Fraser, Mrs. Jane...........0.....cc00 cee eee eee L4G Inbraae, 1ea@aenGl, Ni) Bh sco cos coosoo cee oad acoaco cou coc@U) Gardner, J., F.E.S. . Bene naaa casoonsen enced ll GE Gardner, Willowchy woudnaneineeneee le Goss, Herbert, F.L.S. .. 22, “43. 65, 68, 91, 92, 120, 168, 264, 283, 284, Cromarione, Cho Coy JOIBYSL condos aovocoosneeneoonan ono) Elallbertesd ie Niegiscctossceceaennncen eco ae Od Hey Reve WC, MiAs coccee-c sco ee Hudson, G. V., F.E.S. Lh ceperater nee Jacoby, Martin, FES... LcgeeaieaconaenyelG Johnson, Rev. W. F., M. ee E. E. S... .10, 38, 62, 134, 236, 258 Jones, Albert H., F.E.S.................. .0....175 Keys, James H. AG ...210, 279 Nar de dip U8, CS OSs | cashonepeunden PAR ly Pia) Klapalek, Prof. F., F.E.S................121, 123 Knaggs, H. G., M.D., F.L.S. ... 5, 60, 75, 101, 130, 164, 201, 252, 274 Lemann, F.C., F.HAS.....................220, 246 Lewis, George, FLAS. ...........66...050.-32, 244 McLachlan, Robert, F.R.S..... 39, 52, 85, 164, 173, 185, 186, 238, 270 Maskellt Wi Mix ids secthvsurasstetsesensussesaatees LV WIE, 122 18) JORIS Gegecoucorasonoacdedcasncse- Gul! Matthews, Coryndon, F.ELS.....................89 Meade, R. H......................69, 107, 186, 156 Meldola, Prof. R., F.R.S. ...............06.. 161 i. PAGE WIG ATEN, 18, JBLIBUS, con doocosece ote son con cos andl) Meyrick, E., B.A., F.Z.S. ......... 000000000 +5. 280 JW MUNHOFD, Hy soosan oo06 aaee .. 85 Morice, Rev. F. D., MA, RES.. ... 259 Morton, K. J., F.ES. ... ........- Newstead, R., F.E.S. ............. 62, 212, 257 ..179, 204, 232 Nicholson, W. E., F.E.S. ...............220, 246 Norris, A. . ane A agheauaeeaneeeoOe Ormerod, Miss E. iy PES. Rater ks LOD Packard, A. S., M.D., Bion MNG, 155 JEMe MR MG sonccoeco.c000 nooo Ale? Pierce, F. N., F.E.S...21, 41, 89, 118, 262, 281 Porritt, G. T., F.L.S. ...12, 223, 231 PAGE Still MayorJiy Ne RS RES Seer eeeeeeeeareyiele Sule; Kiareli oc) teeta Swale, Harold, M.B. .................. .....16, 124 MBE NOFe, 1B VBl5 ode soo sod cone Prose secuogl lll Thornley, Rev. A., MA. BES. ...280 Thurnall, A... ee 2, 184 Tillett “Be Ci ee ee eee 211 Tomlin, B. ......... B natn 135 Turner, H. J., ES. . oo 67, 90, ‘ug, . 139, 167, 188, 216, 237, 263, 283 Verrall, G. H., F.E.S. ...76, 88, 140 Wainwright, C. J. .. 20, 41, 66, 118, 138, 166, 172, 187, 237, 262, 281 Walker, James J., R.N., F.L.S....18, 115, 133, 62, 163, 207, 216 Prideaux, R. M. ........... Tae elo Walstneiien, Leah WRAL, cn Bea Richardson, N. M., B.A., F. B. 5. po anol} 5C, 199 Rye, Bertram G., EES. easels natet eae 976 Watkins, W Sabcon sees ... 38, 211 Saunders, E., F.I.S...... 35, 115, 196, “254, 2605 Wiattss Charles Wir --ereeeete cere reer ee eeneae ea Sharp, D., M.A., MB, TBO RAShoooone S18 8451635) Webbs Sydney, -c..---s-ceaeeee ne eee eee en 225, 256 | Williams, Elo... :..2...i0- soe eee eed Shippiie Wise eseecee ee eee eee ere Oeeeo | Wilson, G. F., AAS, wee is Sy iahonaveres JER? 1B océsccecusavecnacobeco oan cca sas oo) | Wood, J. H., vee oe 43, 93, 150, 272 Smith Wis Wiss ceed grec ebce te suacriee neue eno! Wood, Rev. Theodore, F.E.S. _ 277, 278 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Adicella filicornis, Pict., in the New Forest 185 Adimonia celandica, Boh., at Westward Ho! 278 Aépophilus Bonnairei, Sign., in the Isle of Wight 258 Agriotypus armatus, Curtis, in Perthshire 62 Aleochara maculata, Bris., at Guildford : 185 Aleurodes, A new species of, 73; brassicee, Walk., con pene: “of, 39; from Dorset, On two species of, 154; proletella, &c., 40 ; rubicola, Dgl... 87 Aleuropteryx lutea, Léw, identical with Coniopteryx lutea, Wallengr.?, Is ... 121 Andrena cineraria and fulva in the imago state in December, 63 ; rose, var. Trimmerana, A black variety of : Site Pee .. 236 Anisolabis annulipes, Luc., at Tavistock: an earwig Ssonied for Tats w 124 Aphodii, Notes on an 276 Aphodius consputus, Creutz 115 Aporia crategi introduced at Windsor op a : Bee psd Arhopala from Borneo, Description of a new, and note on a species of Tannpiaes 9 Armagh, Lepidoptera at, in 1893 ... a a en, OS Aspidiotus destructor, Sign. ?, What are the Beate Timits oF as pe 2) Asymmetry of markings in the Uraniide.. ; 9 Bactra furfurana bred, with a eserption of the es "183 ; “The isc meet of: a correction , 211 Belfast district, Te mdepeetal in “he 12 Bittacus chilensis, Cave-frequenting habit of ... 0% he aM tt Peg Bluebottle Fly in New Zealand, The European ... See 54, Bolitophila luminosa, Observations on the New Zealand eae worm ... Bombus soroensis, Fab., at Ilfracombe i a Butalis chenopodiella, 184; hitherto Bee tinea Nate on a Butterflies, About some Samoan ae Callimorpha Hera at home in South Devon Calocampa vetusta in January Carpocapsa nimbana... Catocala fraxini, L., at Norwich Cave-frequenting habit of Bittacus chilensis Ceuthorrhynchus suturellus, Gyll., &., at Snodland Chareas graminis, Linn., in the South of Scotland, Abundance of Seite of the Antler Moth sie Cheimatobia brumata and its destruction... Chigoe in Asia, The ... Bes a5 as “als Bee 88 Chirotica maculipennis, Gr.: a species of Ichneumonide new to Britain Chrysophanus dispar and Noctua rubrosea, The present market value of Cionus longicollis, Ch. Brisout: an addition to the British List Cloantha perspicillaris at Norwich... REC Clunio marinus, Halid. i 2 129, Coccide, Notes on some British aha Exotic (No. 27), 28 ; Shesreceus on (No. 8), 179; (No. 9), 204; (No. 10) Coccids associated with Ants = Coccus rubi of Schrank Cockchafer (Melolontha vulgaris) decreasing in numbers in this apanucan Is the Coleophora potentille, Stn., under an alias Coleoptera at Maidstone, 63; at Weymouth and Benin 234 ; ak ee: e- fordshire, 279; from the Lake District, 280; in 1893, Rare, 63, 162; in 1894, 276, 277 ; in Hampshire, Essex, and Kent, 207 ; in the New Forest, 225; in the Oxford district, 15; in the Plymouth District, 279; near Cardiff, 135 ; Stray notes on Kentish Se se fe Congratulatory to John William Douglas... Controlling the sexes Cornwall, Lepidoptera of ‘ he Corebus (Buprestidz) from Japan, A new species of Crambus ericellus in Cumberland ... Crioceris asparagi, L., Curious locality for Decticus albifrons, F., at Ramsgate Deilephila euphorbiz, L., abundant near Biskra, Pipocian Deiopeia pulchella, L., Aberration of Devon, Notes on Lepidoptera from Devonshire, Two new species of Ichneumonide from iy “af i Diastata new to Britain, ue of the eee genus, 64; The soppsed new British species of .. : Diptera, A second hundred new British species of, 76, 140 ; 2 in ‘1893, wee, 16; Mimicry in, 177 ; Two new British . Douglas, John William, Congratulatory to lv. Dytiscus dimidiatus at Askham Bog Echinomyia ursina ... at Bu ee a Energy, Do male moths require more than females ? Entomology of a London bakehouse, The... Ephestia elutella, Notes on the larva of Epunda lutulenta, var. sedi, in Cumberland Erebia Epiphron in Scotland, The typical Eriogaster lanestris in Devon, Note on ie aoe Eriopeltis Lichtensteinii and Signoretia luzule in Scotland Eros (Platycis) minutus in Nottinghamshire Essex, Coleoptera in Hampshire, Kent, and Eumicrus rufus near Shirley re ee Eumolpopsis, Jacoby, a new name for Pseudeumolpus ... Exochlenus, Shipp: a new genus of Leucospidee France, Notes on Lepidoptera in the South of Gracilariz, Accidental transposition of figures of two aS ee nb Grease, 37; in old specimens of Lepidoptera, 61; Moth, An attempt to account for, with notes on its cure ve ether, 5; solvents, A comparison of Moth- Bes Hampshire, Essex, and Ronit, Coleen eran in ree A Heliophobus popularis in the North of France, Great suo of ‘ihe larve of tes : Hewmimerus, Dr. Hansen on ; ; “ee ee Hemiptera, An addition to the list of British, : 254; ae additions and corrections, 101; in Ireland, Lygus atomarius and other ... Hepialus humuli in Lanarkshire, Occurrence of the yellow male of, 212; virescens and other early spring insects in New Zealand, Notes on Herefordshire, Coleoptera from é t : Heydenia, Hfm., A new genus separated Aon oath trea of a new English species .. Homalota (itenance) U ateatarens &e., at “Guildford ; Hymenoptera, Additions and corrections to the list of British Revise, 35, 196 ; in Shetland and Orkney, 259; Rare Aculeate Nae Ichneumonide from Devonshire, Two new species of, 255; new to Britain, Chirotica maculipennis, Gr., A species of Japan, On new species of Trogositidee from Kent, Coleoptera in Hampshire, Essex, and Kentish Coleoptera, Stray notes on Kyanizing : Lake District, Connie fon “ho, Lampides, Note on a eReee of, and description of « a new Aston fron Borneo ... ae Larva of Ngmestens anceps, The Latheticus oryze, C. O. Waterh. Lecanium rubi, Schrank A AN, ae re Lepidoptera at Armagh in 1893, 38; at Nazecaiber ‘qe ; of Cornwall, 37 ; from Devon, Notes on, 211; in the Belfast district, 12; in the South of France, Notes on, 175; Micro-, from Norfolk and Scotland including an addition to the British List, 50; Preoccupied generic names in, 2380; Searcity of, 258 ; Spring ue PAGE 115 116 69 85 185 62 211 235 17 230 207 136 16 245 175 112 201 207 235 256 64 iL 279 gg 135 132 V- List of British Tachiniide, Supplement to Annotated ... Ry. sca OB) W718 “ Liste des Anthicides,” par M. Pic 86 Lita instabilella, Del., and its nearest British oils 80, 125,188; suzedella not found in Lancashire _ 275 Lithocolletis triguttella, Stn., a dies of ib Seta 30 Lithosia complana in the North of Ireland 211 Lophopteryx carmelita in the New Forest : 210 Lygus atomarius, Mey., and other Hemiptera in Teseevel 64 Mamestra anceps, The larva of... aa Hse ae Ae ahs 111 Merodon equestris, Notes of 164 Mesoleius Bignellii, Bridgman, at Pitlochry 40 Meteecus paradoxus in one wasp’s nest, Large number of 235 Microrrhagus pygmeus in the Plymouth district 210 Mimicry in Diptera ... : “3 ee es a: see LT Molannodes Zelleri, McL., On the spate case of, and some notes on the larva 123 Morecambe, Lepidoptera at a 12 Musca (Calliphora) vomitoria in New Fos & see an % 54, 130 Myrmeleonide from Aden, Palpares Walkeri, a remarkable new species of 173 Nepticula confusella, a new birch-mining species 6 me Le soo IZA Nepticule, with a view to their better recognition, Notes on the earlier stagesof ... nee : - tee ... I, 43, 93, 150 Neuropterous Fauna of New ello fone neuncton to the; with notes on certain described species a ie ae us ae fa 238, 270 New Forest, Coleoptera in the a Bee ie a 225 New Zealand, Some additions to the Neuropterous fauna of, with notes on certain described species, 238, 270; the European Blowfly in... 54, 136 Norfolk and Scotland, Micro-Lepidoptera from, including an addition to the British list ae 50 Nothochrysa capitata in Surrey, 186 ; 5 tim Tonite 3 aul OBITUARIES :—Carden, Major-General George, F.E.S.,65; rial Prof, mes August, Hon. F.E.S., 18; earder Coane Jonathan. M.D., 65; Lethierry, Lucien Francois, 137; Machin, William, 214; Spangberg, Dr. Jacob, 137 ; Weir, John Jenner 116 Odontzeus mobilicornis at Woking... 163 Gdour of Olophrum piceum 16 Oleate of Copper : 5 Olophrum piceum ; Odour of 16 Osphya bipunctata at Chattenden, Kent ... ack oe te 163 Palpares Walkeri, a remarkable new species of Myrmeleonide from Aden 173 Papilio Machaon L., in the Ziban, Algeria, Food-plants of 162 Pararge Megera in October 10 Patent Postal Box without packing 101 Pentaria Oberthiiri, Champ. a 115 Pericoma from Delagoa Bay, Description of a new species of, 194; revisenda, Etn., and Psychoda erminea, Etn., near Sherborne, Dorsetshire 261 Perlide, Why are large, resident in Scotch but not in Swiss lakes ? LenS Phibalapteryx lapidata, Hb., in Glen Messin, Argyleshive, 275; in South Argyleshire, 275; in South Lanarkshire ; Stirlingshire 257 vi. Phylloxera punctata, Licht., at Hereford ... Pieris raps, Early appearance of ... Pin, An improved Entomological, 252; the new Taal. Platycephala Olivieri, Montr., Note on Plusia gamma, Abundance of Vanessa cardui aha 162 ; moneta at Hastbourne, PAGE 258 88 274 31 211; at Tonbridge, 88; in Norfolk ... 211 Plutella cruciferarum, Abundance of 210 Plymouth District, Coleoptera from the 279 Preoccupied Generic names in Lepidoptera 230 Pselaphus dresdensis at Armagh 134 Pseudeumolpus, Jacoby, renamed Eumolpopsis ... 16 Pseudonosoderma, v. Heyd., The genus 114 Psocide, new to Britain, Two species of . a . 243 Psyche and its allies, The British species of the genus, 217, 249, 266 ; ida: v. Milliérella, B ms 38 Psychodide, Synopsis of British 22 Psylla, On a new species of... 171 Ptomaphagus varicornis, Rosenh., &c., at Guildford ss ry, 259 Pyrameis cardui, L., in Ziban, Algeria, Abundance of, 98; (2nd notice) 183 Pyrenees, A holiday in the ... tee se ae atk ies 3 220, 246 Pyrochroa pectinicornis in Herefordshire... a8 ae is | 163 Raphidia notata, F., and R. maculicollis, Steph., common in He New Reece 186 Reviews :—“ The Butterflies of North America, 3rd Ser., Pt. xiv:” be W. H. Edwards, 17; “ Alternating Generations; a biological study of Oak Galls and Gall Flies: by Hermann Adler, M.D., translated and edited by C. R. Straton, F.R.C.S., F.E.S., 136 ; “The Butterflies of North America:” by W. H. Edwards, 214; ‘“‘ Abstract of Proceedings of the South London Entomo- logical, &c., Society for 1892 and 1893,” 215; ‘“Coleotteri Italiana :” del Dott. A. Griffini ... 215 Samoan Butterflies, About some we < by: a 146 Scotland, Micro-Lepidoptera from Norfolk and, momting an addition to the British list 50 Signoretia luzule and Eriopeltis Lichtensteinii in Scotland iy Smicronyx cecus, Boh., at Portland 210 Societies :—Birmingham Entomological Society 20, 40, 66, 117, 187, 165, 187, 236, 262 280 Entomological Society of London ... 21, 48, 68, 99, 119, 167, 264, 283 Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society ... 20, 41, 89, 118 262, 281 Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society (Entomology) 138 South London Entomological, &c., Society 41,66, 89, 118, 139, 166, 187, 215, 237, 262, 282 Solenopsis fugax, Latr., &¢., near Weymouth Stylopized 2 of Andrena Gwynana, race bicolor, captured in cop. Subaquatic Curculionide in the Hastings district Syrphus guttatus, Fall., new to Britain Tachiniide ; Supplement to Annotated list of British ... a 69, 107, 156 213 213 64 39 Thermobia domestica and its occurence in the United States, Note on, 155; furnorum, Rovelli, at Hastings, 185; a heat loving Thysanuran, in London Bakehouses, 52; Note on, 84, 111; and Lepismodes inquilina, Newman se ae 85 Throscus elateroides, Hess, at Chincha 163 Tinea pallescentella in a wasp’s nest 113 Tinodes unicolor, Pict., in Ireland... : aaa ae Pre Fee ... 286 Trioza centranthi, Vall.,in England ; Discovery of _... a sds eal Trogositide from Japan, On New Species of 32 Uraniide, Asymmetry of markings in the i sts vie cbs 9 Vanessa Atalanta and urtice at Christmas, 38; cardui, Abundance of, 210; and Plusia gamma, Abundance of... 162 Vespa austriaca, Panz. 212 Weymouth and Portland, Asleonten ati a us aa seb 1. 234 Wing expansion in a butterfly delayed by low foetus ae i = «84 Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata) and its destruction as : 4, Xanthia ocellaris alive at Wimbledon, 111; at Twickenham, 161; ‘Soak, a British insect 161 SPECIAL INDEX. COUROETER™: Nem |) (CSHDE CORMNOCIES 4 o2.603935 yascodosocc0 et Acupalpus flavicollis .............+------.------ 207 } Coccinella 5-punctata ............0..0620..... 279 Adimonia clandica ........................... 278 | Colon rufescens, 259; viennense............ 259 Agaricophagus cephalotes ...............15, 259 | Corzbus-niponicus (sp. n.), Lewis’......... 244, Aglycyderes (Platycephala) Olivieri ...... 31 | Coryphium angusticolle ................... 14 i: NST HIKES VATOEES “Goscccecbescdseuosssoosesonsoonss ZPAD || IDE ARES HUMNSCR ...cossdanaoaoasaccee 63, 278 ANIGOC TENE TNA GMENEL 5: soncsancacosndesoacosees We) |] ID imillms SHEN TEYeANS! Sosctscasecoocncconea coonsoss ES? INTERTIIS CORES! ences sosede zsccssccoeen, LEAS CHT ||| JOA I CUMMIEY cas cep coasccouancdusscoonesece 19 CUY/ Anchomenus livens . .....................16, 208 | Dytiscus dimidiatus ........................... 115 Anitys rubens Fe ey ee Oi eo 7 Elaphrus uliginosus ........................... 278 Anoplodera sexguttata ........................ 228 | Elater lythropterus, pomone...... .....227, 277 AN ATECOR TORGLIEY nox ccacepnecces cocanocposces: (8S) |] IDATMNTANIS THREAD, coos asasosdoosevoon cos covcce FD) Anthicides, Species of, referred to ......... 86 | Humicrus rufus ........................... 136, 276 L\ard braless MISTS coo soncopcscccecaocsosepcancen 6B) || LIGAOISNCMEIS ooncosdaccocnonstonscosc0oncrc3.000 IR Aphanisticus! pusillus) feeseecesseess seen) LON sy OnUS pic pesiessss.eeedeeen eeeeePereer een OT) Aphodius consputus, 115; fcetens, sub- COONS WOVE 05 spacesnosnoscooes. secaencoe PRLS terraneus, 276; Zenkeri ...... 15, 276, 277 | Gymnusa brevicollis ........................... 184 Asemum striatum ... ....................-.---. 277 | Hallomenus humeralis ........................ 208 Athous rhombeus .................. ........... 227 | Haplocnemus impressus .............--....-. 276 Bagous frit, &¢. ...........02s0cccse0000000+e2... 64 | Harpalus discoideus, 63; servus...... . ... 209 BalaninussceraSonum’ssceseesereesce teers Ie TT, Hister merdarius, 226; stercorarius ...... 135 Cznopsis fissirostris ............... 225, 276, 279 | Homalota hepatica, 226; pagana, 15, 135; Caloderamimbrosamers ee eeeee ae eae OD TEVIOMESRIEED, <-conncodo cos caocdansececasoaa Ly) Carciuops 1A-striata ..........:.......-..:..... 209 | Hydrzna gracilis, pygmea ......... ........ 279 Ceuthorrhynchus resedz, 63 ; eae: Hydroporus oblongus, 116; scalesianus... 116 UB BIZ WINDS cccroconscoss yoncnsceoesusscse AUS || liscornarclay eiaerntiono Vb, sasncaneonance ancson OB Cicones variegatus ..............sss.000ss0006-. 227 | Ischnomera sanguinicollis .............. 228, 276 Crontisploneicollisteemsnese- peace iin ee LOO mil muathehicusionyZasn ceesiad essence eseeen eo vill. PAGE Leptidea brevipennis ...........-....00000e008 279 Leptinus testaceus ...............000sce0ceeeeeee 279 Lixus paraplecticus 3 Bly Mecinus Circulatus............s00seeceneeesee eee 2OT Microrrhagus pygmeus ..................210, 227 Mycetophagus piceus, 207, 227, 277; quadriguttatus seetenedeneeseceane ee0S. Myrmedonia collaris ...............-:5.:00004:. 184 Nossidium pilosellum co Ne Ocypusspedatonpereeeseeer estes eee meal Odontzus mobilicornis........................ 163 Olophrum piceum ............0....e cee = 16 Omosita depressa .............:0 000000 eee 277, 279 Oncomera femorata ..........:.0seceeeeeeeee 16 Opilo mollis Bast adac betaecan (208 Osphya bipunctata................:. ee 168 Ostoma higonia, valida (spp. n.), Lewis .. 34 Pediacus derimestoides .......2....-0+0eeceee02 227 Philonthus addendus ..................2.... 14 Phytcecia cylindrica ..............-0.:0:0000. 63 Platycis minutus .............4.......-+.-.- 14, 280 Plegaderus dissectus ..........2..0200000200e-e 184 Polydrusus flavipes .. 228 Potaminus substriatus . . 280 Pselaphus dresdensis...............-..0000000. 184 Pseudeumol pus .............se eee reece eens 16 Ptenidium Gressneri, 226; tur hepa aeatce 227 Ptomaphagus varicornis hoe .. 259 Pyrochroa coccinea, 228; pectinicornis... 163 Quedius truncicola............... .....eseceeees 226 Saprinus virescens.............00000eeeee ee LA, 209 Silusamubicinosaypeeeeeeteseere reese 2O8 Smicronyx cacus RES eeT . 210 Sphodrus ease oNthalnees aeeceeee 8D Staphylinus latebricola ..................208, 226 Synaptus filiformis . 277 Synchita juglandis..... ..........cc0e0ceeeeee s 227 Tenebrioides ocularis (sp. n.), Lewis ...... 34 Throscus elateroides ..........2.-..0e0-s e200 163 Thyamis agilis HOBBES HAD ER Cora oy Thymalus laticeps, parviceps, punctidor- sum (spp. n.), Lewis .................... 33 Triarthron Markeli jo BUM Trichopteryx angusta capsaeseeadd CHG) WVelleims dilatatus) <2o-c-cee e---eeeceee sees 220 Zeugophora flavicollis 3 Ale DIPTERA. Aciura rotundiventris ...............-... 145 Allodia crassicornis, ornaticollis ............ 17 ANTE, @VWENE, c500060008605n00dea9a000 so0se0c09 US PAGE Anthracophaga frontosa ............-...:.... 146 Aphria angustifrons (sp. n.), Meade ......_ 70 Aporotachinayeeceereeeeeeete cece een OS Aulacigaster rufitarsis .............:0000sse00s 146 Baumhaueria albocingulata .. . 158 Bithia cinerea (sp. mn Meade, frontata 0) 2] 1 ECP E NEM oaaw sAnanocsacsoncene oo... (1! Blepharoptera Hance hduiegintetde deed Bolitobia luminosa.............20.seceneneeee-ee 2OZ Bombylius canescens, 17; major............ 16 Brachycampta alternans, 77; amcena, 78 ; bicolor, 77; priseicollis, hastata, se- rena . PEE reco stoonocscctico | Ze Been erratica, .....3 ceed ee em) Cacoxenus indagator ...... leomeses L146 Calliphora erythrocephala ... 54, 136 Callomyia amcena ..........ceeeceeeee neers 16 Calobata adusta, trivialis ..................... 145 Cephalops villosus .. Peres nsdounee | LANL Ceratopogon ee Wiese candidates rubiginosus, solstitialis, unimaculatus 140 Chilosia grossa, 16; plumulifera............ 141 Chlorops puncticollis... ssiseelsne eee 4G Clidogastra sec poets, tarsea, vit- tata 36 BEM aer Ses eeeninonndas coo ace. 414) Clunio marinus ...129, 164 Conops versicularis 17 Cordyla flaviceps, semiflava................. 77 Cordylura umbrosa . 148 Cricotopus pilitarsis ............ 79 Criorrhina berberina, foccgnee Oxy: Res 17 Degeeria Dalii (sp. n.), Meade, 159; pul- chellla, fenciewcssos . 158 Diastata basalis, fimnivenniee 64, 89; ni- gripennis, 89 ; obscurella ............64, 89 Disstriaatridinela... a 17 Drosophila obscura . 145 Dryomyza decrepita ...............:00...0... 144 Dynastosoma nigricoxa...............000. 77 Echinomyia ursina . 116 Empis brevicornis, prodromus............... 140 Epicampocera ambulans ..................... 142 Hristalis enea, 17; cry aCe on ee GINA, <00 001560 000 peel Exechia interrupta, spinigera, tanuteonme 78 xonistaylibatrixas 45) -eeeee eee eeeeanL Oy Germaniasnuticeps) ss.-.5- eee Gonia divisa eee Goniomyia schistacea . 140 Gymnocheta Viridis ..............0..:cceeee 17 Haplegis divergens ; .. 146 Helophilus hybridus, anetine. ¢ trivittatus 16 Hilara canescens, cornicula ................. 141 PAGE Hydrotza dentimana... rf vbgteee DAS Hyetodesia boleticola, cin ase. 142 Hylemyia penicillaris 143 Hypostena procera.. Ssshssccsnaestee me LOS Lispe oasitenin 3 eonu, pulchels sil PANTO) cosoeaccans : ssssacciseen 4D: Lonchoptera ee sccaavece seco eee a Loxocera fulviventris 145 Miacquantiayaiimis) s-5-ss<.ccc-eaeeeeceeteece aL Or Macrocera crassicornis .........:2-eeeeeee 79 Mallota eristaloides ...... 255 Masicera interrupta, virilis .................. 157 Meigenia majuscula ...................0504--- 157 Melanostoma quadrimaculata ............... 16 Merodon equestris ............++++ ...17, 164 WOE WEL @BTENEY 3 Gepgecousdocacedenecedodacca see, 2M a) Mycetaulus bipunctatus .................... 145 Mycctophila lineola, luctuosa, Smee vittipes Seeders 76 Miyobiaivetustalesr see eteeronceeee ee LOO Myxexorista macrops ..............-00-0+2+6-.. 142 Neera atra . See eteeeen T Nemorza Pabeate 107 ; Poh (sp. n.), Meade 160 Nephrocerus flavicornis...............++2 sees. 250 (Edalea Holmgreni 141 Oncomyjlanoraweerene ees ere neers, ach ymeriaypalparlsmsercer-ereeeeecereseerer aL aL Bachyrrhinaicrocata easscecnaceseoeesecccteeee) Lal JPATAGNSHIACELUS eee ee aes etaeacsesck eas ceeoties: Lae Pelidnoptera nigripennis ..................... 145 Pelotachina.. Ree te 109 Pericoma eels oo n.), Faton ects 195 Phalacrocerareplicatayeesr--reeeereeciese eee LT. Phorocera pumicata ............-06...005- 159 Phronia basalis, cinerascens, crassipes, 78 ; dubia, flavipes, 79; forcipula, ( Girsch- neri, 78 ; splendida ans en) Phyllomyza securicornis .............. ...... 146 Phyto melanocephala, niger.................. 160 Pipunculus varipes eevee L4L Platychirus fulviventris, 17; latimanus, (Ge Hapiewleynwss -sercoengcootcenenoonace CH Platyura cincta, nana, semirufa ............ 79 Plesina nigrisquama .................-.5- 159 Roecilostolay punctatayee--.-eesneee eee LT Porphyrops nasata, penicillata .... ........ 141 Psychodide, Distribution of ..... 22—26, 261 Rhamphomyia prelates filata, Cale scia- LA Ampere es isa cacdey netsh meets LAO by OSiarenistataecweevneseneercenesen Ae Sapromyza biumbrata, flaviventris ........ 144 Sarcopsylla penetrans 228 PAGE Scatopse pulicaria ..........cccesceeereeeeeeeeee 7D Sciomyza pallida, simplex 144 Sepedon sphegeus ..........ssceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 17 Sepsis pilipes ......... 02. .ee cee cee cesses see eeeeee 145 Sericomyia borealis, lappona 17 Simulium latipes, nanum, ornatum ...... 79 Spilogaster protuberans 143 Spilographa abrotani... 145 Stomphastica decora .. : .. 144 Syrphus cee bacbiftons, 2 ; gutta (HEE) 1") Newstead... é seeeee 204 Fiorinia Sulcii Ger n. 5) omen SeeEOrG 232 Gerris argentata, 64; Costz 65 Jassus morio ‘ 104 Lecanium Heciendam, Tan 29; per shore atum (sp. n.), Newstead, 233; rubi, 17, 136 Lecanopsis formicarum...............+e.+01-.. 206 Leucaspis pini ........... “181, 232 Limotettix aurantipes (eee n. ) magrde 103; 5-notatus wabhlesdase. ieee LOS Lygus atomarius 64 Nabis flavomarginatus ............s:cceee 65 Phylloxera punctata ..........:...00....0-00.2. 20 Plagiognathus (Agalliastes) evanescens 254 Pollinia grandis (sp. n.), Newstead ........ 182 Prosopophora, genus ...... Weebeaetts 30 Pseudoceccus aceris .......0..0. see e506 eave 87 PAGE Psylla acaciz (sp. n.), Maskell............... 171 Pulvinaria oxyacanthe ...... 6... 628 Salda cincta, morio, orthochila ....,....... 65 Scolopostethus neglectus .................... 64 SHiemoneine MOWAWIIED 5555sscss00005s one usesuas sooo IL Thamnotettix cyane, 104; striatulellus (Gos We), WGIGEWEIS “Gosccocs wcoe suowaseoo MOP! Mivozaycentranthiteeeeeeseeeeee eee eee ee COL HYMENOPTERA. Andrena apicata, 197; cineraria, 63; fucata, 197; fulva, 63; Gwynana, 213; helvola, 197; rose ..................197, 236 Bombus agrorum, cognatus, muscorum, 198; nivalis, 260; Smithianus, 198, 259; soroensis, 261; variabilis, venus- Cerceris emarginata, quadricincta ......... 36 Chirotica maculipennis...... ................. 40 CHAO INAETETEDS og5ucc 050 canons 9c0 5004000500000 aD Kxochlenus (gn. ey Stn saeco ea Megachile versicolor .............6.000.0.+00+.. 197 MesoleiusBionel aigyecrs.--5-e--peenee eee a0 Miascophusiconcolors sss eee eee oD Myrmecina Latreillei...................... 0... 213 Pemphredon Shawlondl, Gomer. Mee id 35 Pimpla Bridgmani (sp. n.), Bignell ...... 255 Pompilus acuminatus, sericeus ............ 35 Praon absinthii (sp. n.), Bignell ............ 255 Prosopis Masoni (sp. n.), Saund. ............ 196 Salius motatulus jasseecseeeeecoceceeeeeeee ee OO Solenopsispiusaxceeeeee eee eee eee eee oS Sphecodes divisus ............c0cse:eeeeeeeeeees 196 Sti, MUSTO skiyleeeeeseeee eee eee eee oO. Wespayaustriacayaas seeerece ere eee Om cile! LEPIDOPTERA. Abraxasspantariauneeee se eeree eee eee S Acidalia imitaria, 212; ornata ............ 176 Apamea fibrosa, 12,13; ophiogramma... 18 Arctia villica, 211; purpurea ... ........... 248 Argynnis Daphne, pales, Pandora.......... 247 Arhopala elopura (sp. n.), Druce............ 10 Atella Bodenia .......... niioutwumnaceke lS Bactra furfurana, 183, 211; eeabal .. 184 Boarmia repandata, var. conversaria ...... 212 Botys asinalis, 212, 224; lancealis ......... 212 Butalis chenopodiella, 184; dissimilella, RVC I NEVIS aoa csoso>s00 soe cnosmosccaso sus LNB} Callimonphiay Hera meee ee eee cS Calocampa vetusta .... 0.0.0... cece. 62 Carpocapsa nimbana ..... Uhura tenure tan GA: PAGE Cataplectica Farreni .................. 00. .0+ ++, 200 Watocalay frames estesse te eeese eee eee ee) Charzas graminis ..................-..... 169, 236 Cheimatobia brumata .............c00000. 4 Chrysophanus Alciphron, 246; dispar, 1; dorilis, virgaurez .................. 246 Cirrheedia xerampelina .....................18, 38 Cloantha perspicillaris ............ ........... 88 Coenonympha Cidipus.....................221, 248 Coleophora potentille ............ .. 112 Colias Edusa, 175, 223 ; ae ale, 1116, 223 ; Phicomone .......... . 223 Crambus ervicellus .....0....:.2:-;..seeeeeee) LAB Cyclopides Morpheus .....................221, 248 Danais Plexippus ............ ieccee LAG Deilephila euphorbie, 133 ; ‘Tivennied seen 212 Weiopera pulchellacss.--ees- eee ee Deragena Schmelzii ...... ..........:..:002-:. 147 Doritis\A\pollimaryee--ee eee eee eee eee Drepanalunguiculaeeeeceee eee eee eee! Elachista archzeonoma) <--0---s--seeesesse eed Enny,chia cingulalis) 33eee-eeee eee eee Ephestia elutella, 185 ; Kithniella Reeatcts 86 Epichnopteryx calvella, fusca, dae reti- cella, 250; undulella . ‘ei eeeeomooll Epinephile Janira, 248 ; Pasiphaé safeamia 176 Epunda lutulenta, var. sedi .................. 62 Erebia Epiphron, 211; var. pyrenaica, 247 ; epistygne, 176; Euryale, 248; Evias, 176, 247; lappona, Manto, var. Cecilia, icles, var. Lefebrei, 247; Gime, 247 ; Pronoé, var. pyren- aica, 248; Stygne, 247 ; hes var. Dromus fahiee ... 248 212, 935 176, 221, 222 Fumea betulina, 267; crassiorella, 265; intermediella, roboricolella, 266; sa- Kriogaster lanestiis see Euchloé euphenoides ............... licolella, tabulella ...........0............ 268 Glyphipteryx equitella ...... 0.0... 18 Gonepteryx Cleopatra, 175, 223; rhamni, 132, 175, 223 Gracilaria Kollariella, ononidis ............ 112 JalEOKENEY GOMAEAWEY oc aooasocsecascboussasovcsos0 ~~ ILS) Heliophobus popularis ........................ 235 Hepialus humuli, 212; virescens ......... 11 Hibernia leucophearia ... .................... 182 Homeeosoma senecionis ...................... 13 Hypolimnas bolina, var. otaheite ......... 147 Junoniagvellidal feare cee eee sae ene eeeee eee IGEN CKS (ATAAWVIEE, co ccsccc css asy coboosocoscne-0 ©) Bam\pronialluzellay esses eae eee eee Leucophasia Duponchelii, sinapis ......... 175 PAGE Lita atriplicella, 83, 191, 192; instabi- lella, 81, 126, 191; obsoletella, 125, 192, 193; ocellatella, 81, 127, 191; plantaginella, 82, 191, 194; sali- corniz, 80,188; suedella ...81, 191, 275 Lithocolletis faginella, triguttella ......... 30 nihosiarcomip lan apes see cee eee Lophopteryx carmelita .. iS poceaemeare lO: Lycena Amanda, Arion, Angindes ieee 246; communis, 148; melanops, 175; orbitulus, var. pyrenaica, 246; Orion, Gime VVOOGLOLGi ees eae ere AS Mamestra anceps .......... .. Lil Melanargia Lachesis, 221, 247 : “ gyllins 176 Melanitis Leda ............... .. 148 Melitzea Artemis, var. winiote O47: var. provincialis, 176; Deione, Parthenie 247 132, 176, 246 Nemeophila plantaginis ..................... 211 Nepticula anomalella, 3; atricollis, 93; betulicola, 96, 98; confusella (n. sp.), Wood, 272; continuella, 97, 98; dis- tinguenda, 96, 98; fulgens, 49; gra- tiosella, 2, 47, 48; ignobilella, 47, 48; lapponica, 95, 98, 273; luteella, 97, 98; minusculella, 94; oxyacan- thella, 48, 94; pygmeella, 47; pyri, 94; regiella, 48; salicis, 3; septem- brella, 1; subbimaculella, 158 ; wae Nemeobius Lucina .................. rella, 49; woolhopiella .. 2 Noctua See te eminent ttl Saray 1i MWryctalemontOrontesmc see eeteee eee (iicophorasambdell ager ees eno Olitdiatmlimanseeeeeeees ee eee eee eee unl Oxyptilus eeiatiyiael Wiieresieivoesecee LS. Pamplusia mercuriana ......... 13 Papilio Godeffroyi, 148; Maenaene 162; Podalirius, var. Feisthamelii ......... 222 12h ieee SIGCHI) acaaaprecoacs taco eye soacoacor,. 140) Parnassius Apollo, Mnemosyne ............ 222 iPeroneawwarnleranay e-ssseree tena OS Phragmatobia fuliginosa..................183, 212 Pieris Callidice, 222; Daplidice ...... 175, 222 Phycis carbonariella, dilutella ............... 13 Phibalapteryx lapidata ...............18, 257, 275 lA Bani plbel TER HNRY saacesnanacseoscosoeseo5 Je} Plusia festuce, 12; gamma, 162; Sis 88, 211 Platellarcrneiterarume cee cere LO RESCHOCAMpAMDOPUII ees eee eee aL Psyche albida, 38; graminella, 219; Les- chenaultii, 248 ; muscella, 219; ones cella, 218; villosella ....... | Pyrameis cardui ...... 12, 98, 133, 162, 210, 246 Satyrus Alcyone, 248; Arethusa, 221, 248 ; hee 248 ; fees 221; sta- tilinus i . 221, 248 XL. PAGE Seopariamnpratel lamer eke TS Sericouis| palustranameee es ee eee BO Spilothyrus aes 176; aa 248 ; lavatere ....... Beeseeee ete see LG Stilbia anomala ........... Haccsweces en LS. Syrichthus alveus, 248 ; oi Saretiesceten LG, Tzniocampa miniosa, 132; opima . 1D Thais rumina, var. Medecicacts 175, 299; Polyxena, var. Cassandra ...... . 176 Theela ilicis, quercis, 246; rotoriee: seneuees 221 Tinagma betule.. Peceass 51 Tinea atersanmnellle, 50; apllieecemillin. 113 Tirumala hamata ........... ... 147 Urania fulgens, Leilus, Rhipheus Sibande 9 Wanessalireairesecc.cass teen see eG \WeWwISTE, GAME, jscodeuc cosuducsawucsooseie 1S} Xanthia ocellaris ....... ...111, 161 Xylophasia polyodon ..........0.... cecseese ees 258 Xystophora servella .............. 51 Zygena anthyllidis, 248 ; _Tonicore, 38 ; Sarpedon, scabiose....................2... 248 NEUROPTERA. Nicoll analicorn sae eee eee Zischna brevistyla ... Be . 272 Aleuropteryx Léwii i. n. m) Kiap, ‘22; lutea .. Bittacus cinlensiee sstowntbcas ance toreniea areas OOo Cecilius Kolbei ........... spemrees Chrysopa phyllochroma, eevee ... 186 Ephemera Hudsoni (sp. n.), J McLactee eeenet 270 Hemerobius concinnus, Raoe acts cuus . eles coctrme ee eal 86 Molannodes aiene PARC MS eon ee eel oy Myopsocus Nove earn . 270 Nothochrysa capitata .. ...186, 231 Cconesus maori.. a .. 239 Olinga (n. n.), McLach., 240; eee 241 Palpares Walkeri (sp. n.), MeLach Beare 173 Pseudceconesus (n. g.), McLach., mimus,(sp. n.), McLach., 239; ee mineus (sp. n.), McLach. . : . 240 Psocus major, pre aclatus, 243 ; Tit 1ETAGCHOUWS cooses aoe ioe . 270 Rhaphidia sanenihaalllis, Aika don Rent 186 Stenosmylus citrinus, incisus, 242; latius- culus (sp. n.), McLach... ‘ .. 241 Sympetrum bipunctatum, var. n, nove zealandiz, Mclach. ..............-.....- 271 Thermobia domestica, farnortdt inqui- lina.. ..02, 84, 85, 111, 155, 185 Tinodes wats Ce ae ene 236 Xanthagrion sobrinum ........................ 272 ORTHOPTERA. Anisolabis annulipes .....................00.5. 124 DCS) EMSS cooccsars soocosoboovce uooas BRT FUGINIMIENIS ie tuteeses ts eesae eat RC CARER DO Xil. ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA BROUGHT FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. PAGE Cionus longicollis, Brisout .................._ 100 DIPTERA. Aciura rotundiventris, Fin. .................. 145 Anatella ciliata, Winn. .....00.....000 0. 78 Anthracophaga frontosa, Mg. 146 Aphria angustifrons, Meade.................. 70 Baumhaueria albocingulata, Fin. ......... 158 JEM oR, DCE ccocoo sce coscenevccedss oo soo Hl Blepharoptera ruficornis, Mg. ............... 144 Brachycampta alternans, Winn., 77; am- cena, Winn., griseiocollis, Stdg., hastata, Serenas Wem nansani sea eee eee Brachycoma erratica, Mg........00.. cc... 0 Cacoxenus indagator, Dw................ 06004. Calobata adusta, trivialis, Dw................ Cephalops villosus, v. Ros. Ceratopogon albipes, Winn., bicolor, ‘My, candidatus, Tabeinoune solstitialis, Winn., unimaculatus, Weg. .........00 6 Chilosia plumulifera, Lv.. Chlorops puncticollis, Zeét. Sooner Clidogastra punctipes, Iy., oe Fln., Wittabas Wg ces. cose eee eseiennaesstee Cordyla semiflava, Stag. Cordylura umbrosa, Dw. .......0....060 sees Cricotopus pilitarsis, Zeét. Degeeria Dalil, Meade ......... 00... cee cee es Diastata basalis, Fm., 64; fumipennis, My. (=nigripennis, Lw.P, 89) ......... Drosophila obscura, Fm. ......... 00.0 cere Dryomyza decrepita, Zeét. Dynatosoma nigricoxa, ,, Empis brevicornis, prodromus, Lv ........ Epicampocera ainbulans, MWg. ............... Exechia interrupta, Zett., spinigera, Vini., tenuicornisgv. d. Walp .........ccc ce Exorista libatrix, Mg. Goniomyia schistacea, Schum. .... Hilara canescens, Zeté., cornicula, Dw. ... Hydrotza dentimana, Mg. ; Hyctodesia boleticola, Rud., 143 ; ae SPINOR, JUG5 Gacioog db ean 650.004 aga.079 029 pan sap PAGE Hylemyia penicillaris, Rud................ .. Liope crassiuscula, Dw., gemina, v. d. 143, Wulp., pulchella, Lw., uliginosa, Fln.. 143 Lonchoptera fuscipennis, Boh. . 141 Loxocera fulviventris, Mq. ......... .. 145 Macquartia affinis, Sch. . 107 Macrocera crassicornis, Winn................ 79 Mallota eristaloides, Zw. ............ ... 255 Masicera interrupta, Mq., virilis, iene. . 157 Meigenia majuscula, Rud. Slag Milichia ornata, Zett. PHpeonencane (63 Mycetaulus bipunctatus, Fdm................ 145 Mycetophila luctuosa, a obscura, Dz., vittipes, Zett. . Ud Myobia vetusta, Ma. 156 Myxexorista macrops, B. and B. BES 142 Neera atra, Dsv. Me 73 Nemorea glabrata, Iz., 107; qual Cormisy Meade). ceneres ee eeeeee rere cee EO) Nephrocerus flavicornis, Zeté. ............... 205 (dalea Holmgreni, Zeté. ..... .............. I4L Pachymeria palparis, Hgg. ...... 141 Paragus lacerus, io. eee eee Pelidnoptera nigripennis, F. 145 Phorocera pumicata, Dsv. 159 Phronia basalis, cinerascens, crassipes, Winn., 78; dubia, Dz., flavipes, Winn., 79; forcipula, Winn., Girschneri, Dz... 78 Phyllomyza securicornis, Hn. .............. 146 Pipuncula varipes, Mg............0......020. 14d Platychirus spathulatus, Rid................ 141 Platyura cincta, Winn., nana, Meq., semi- rufa, Mg... 79 Plesina nigrisquama, Zett. abenogo. Lt) Rhamphomyia costata, filata, Zett. “ibe, ROEUHING JKR, Sooc0a costeaco oncce-coaccasoscae 14K) Rhymosia cristata, Stag. ..............0.. 77 Sapromyza biumbrata, Lw., flaviventris, Costa 145 Scatopse pulicaria, Dzo............. ....+-... @9 Sciomyza pallida, simplex, F/m. ............ 144 Sepsismpillipesilcoseeep espe ese sece eee eee eames Simulium latipes, Wg., nanum, Zeté., GTETLIN, WWIGE sgndecoonueocdocemessccaocosseue HY) Spilogaster protuberans, Zeéé................ 143 PAGE Spilographa abrotani, Mg. .................. 146 Stomphastica decora, Iw. .................. 144 ae arcticus, Zett., 142; guttatus, Tanypus griseipennis, v. d. | Wadia, jentie ginosus, Fives, ornatus, can trifasci- (NINE, “AAAS. oleccs eu eondonconee pace ses soonie., Ue Tephritis proboscidea, Ta sideseek ee AO Tephrochlamys flavipes, Zeté. ............... 144 Thryptocerus latifrons, Meg. ............... 72 HEMIPTERA. Aleurodes avellanz, sisi: 154; spire, ID DECILES. -2ecc00 005000200000 00° ..73, 154 Aspidiotus abietis, Seinen feng ALE Cicadula Dahlbom1, Zett.,livida, E Edwards 104 Deltocephalus paleaceus, J. Sahlberg, 105% PRanzert, Hilor. .2.....-.-0------------ LOG Limotettix aurantipes, Hdwards............ 103 ie Le eanone. evanescens, Boheman.. eee pelsteese DOM! Thaaceine cyane, ee 104; stria- tulellustsdmandspesrerenece sree Oe Trioza centranthi, Vallot..................... 231 Xiil. HYMENOPTERA. PAGE Cerceris emarginata, Panz. .................. 36 Chirotica maculipennis, Grav .............. 40 Pimpla Bridgmani, Bignell.................. 255 Praon absinthii, BS sqelssuacanesunsionemr-at3) Prosopis Masoni, Saund. ..................... 196 LEPIDOPTERA. Argyresthia illuminatella, Zeller ......... 50 Cataplectica Farreni, Walsingham......... 200 Lita salicornie, Hering ..................... 80 Nepticula confusella, Wood .................. 272 Xanthia ocellaris, Borkhausen ......... 111, 161 NEUROPTERA. Cecilius Kolbei, Tetens ................2.... 244 Psocus major (Kolbe), Loens ............... 243 ORTHOPTERA. Anisolabis annulipes, Lwe. (introd.) ...... 124 Decticus albifrons, F’. St hye decease 236 LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c., DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. PAGE GENUS. Eumo.popsts (n. n.), Jacoby (= PsEUDEUMOLPDS, Jac., olim.) 16 SPECIES. Corebus niponicus, Lewis, Japan ......... 244, Ostoma higonia, ws SS anes 34 valida, Ps Raat cweweaaece 34 Tenebrioides ocularis, ,, FAP) weesonenoen 34 Thymalus laticeps, <5 pay Pbobodeds 33 parviceps, + oy Sbagnecabies 33 punctidorsum,, Prat Ane 33 DIPTERA. PAGE GENERA. APOROTACHINA (sub-g.), Meade............ 109 PELATACHINA (n. n.), » (= Hyer, WO) de sects He ROP Rem ee C0!) SPECIES. Bithia cinerea, Meade, Austria? ........ 71 Degeeria Dali, _,, Baglmdeaee 159 Nemorza quadraticornis, Meade,England 160 Pericoma meridionalis, Haton, Delagoa Bay 194 XLV. HEMIPTERA. PAGE GENUS. EXRRETOPUS, Newstead ........-06.cceee0 ne. DOK SPECIES. Aleurodes spire, Douglas, England ... 73 Cicadula livida, Hdwards, < ... 104 Exeretopus formiceticola, Newstead, Guernsey 204. Fiorinia Sulecii, Newstead, Bohemia ...... 232 diana 233 Limotettix aurartipes, Hdwards,England 103 Pollinia grandis, Newstead, Baluchistan 182 Psylla acacie, Maskell, N. Zealand ...... 171 Thamnotettix striatulellus, Hdwards, England 102 Lecanium perforatum, ,, HYMENOPTERA. GENUS. EXOCHLENUS, Shipp ..ccsccceceeseecee sees. 245 SPECIES. Pimpla Bridgmani, Bignell, England ... 255 , Praon absinthii, x 6) von AS Prosopis Masoni, Saunders, yy) ose 96 LEPIDOPTERA. GENERA. CatapPLectica, Walsingham ............... 199 HIERoPHANTA (n. n.), Meyrick (= Microponta, Dup.) 230 PALTODORA (n. n.), Meyrick (= CrLEoporRA, Curt.) 230 STENOLECHIA (n. n.), Meyrick (= Pa@ciia, Hein.) 230 PAGE SPECIES. Avhopala elopura, Druce, Borneo ......... 10 Cataplectica Farreni, Walsingham, England 200 Nepticula confusella, Wood, es 272 NEUROPTHRA. GENERA. Ournea (n. n.), MeLach. (= Oxtnx, HM cLiach., lM.) ......666scccseeeecersoeeee ees DAO PsEUDGCONESUS, cs Peabeacancecodocce ok) SPECIES. Aleuropteryx Lowii, Klap., Austria, &c. 122 Ephemera Hudsoni, McLach., N. Zealand 270 Palpares Walkeri, AA Aden......... 173 Pseudceconesus mimus, ,, N. Zealand 239 stramineus, ,, . 240 Sympetrum bipunctatum, Br., var. n., nove Zealandie, McLach., N. Zealand 271 Stenosmylus latiusculus, _,, ry 241 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plates i, ii, ili, iv —see page 27. Page 24, line 9 from bottom, for “ Gilly,” read “ Silly.” ” 114, ” 27 oP) » 188, ,, ll ,, ERRATA. top, for “ February,” ,, “ March.” bottom, for “say,” Sms SEW ae top, (13 y ce (73 D 2? » “Arion,” ,, Orion. Der an i eae oa Ty Tair (vie ib it Mb aetna eo Ti Te bi gmaley ie #5 ey it mn) sah ity he me 1 r H i) hh Sih eee r Second Series, No. 49, = | Pea 1 JANUARY, 1894. / [Price 64. THE ——« ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE. EDITED BY C. G. BARRETT, F.ES. W.W. FOWLER, M.A.,F.LS. G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. RB. MLACHLAN, F.BS. J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.LS. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RBS., &. —_—__ SECOND SERIES—VOL. V. [VOL. XXX.] “J’engage donc tous a éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité, toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne. ~~ LONDON: GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors), 1, PATERNOSTER ROW. SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN. NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, HK. H. 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(continued from Vol. iv [Second Series], page 274). THE LARVA. The adult larva is flattened ; the head very small, flat and pointed, notched deeply behind, and nearly buried in the projecting 2nd seg- ment; segment 2 is wide, 3 still wider, and thence onward to 10 or 11 the size continues uniform and then diminishes rapidly, the last two segments (13 and 14) being extremely small and somewhat telescoped. The legs are all of the proleg character, but without the usual hook- lets, and decidedly more prominent in some species than in others; as regards their distribution—there are none on 2; present on 3 and 4, these being often the biggest in the series ; absent on 5; and present on 6, 7, 8,9, 10 and 11: eight pairs in all. The usual hairs, which serve the part of feelers, are well developed. Such is the general form of the Nepticula larva, but I have come across in septembrella an extremely interesting exception. As is well known, it makes a some- what hollow or balloon-like blotch, characteristic of a MWicropteryz, but quite unusual for a Nepticula, and so to meet the altered conditions the larva partakes much of the Micropteryx type: it has no legs, the segments are deeply incised and round in section instead of oval, and, most interesting of all, segments 3 and 4 are massive and distinctly square-shaped. For an internal feeder the larva is rather liberally furnished with characters, inasmuch as from the transparency of the tissues some of the internal organs are visible, which, in the ordinary run of larve, never come into view. The characters arrange themselves under (1) the general colour; : A JANUARY, 1894. D) (January, (2) the colour of the head; (8) the marks on segment 2; (4) the chain of marks down the abdomen; (5) the intestinal canal; and (6) a pair of dark lines on the back of the 11th and 12th, or the 11th, 12th and 13th segments. The ground colours are yellow and green, in two or three different shades; both passing at one end of their varia- tion into whitish. Occasionally the green is tinged with blue, as in the bluish-green or almost greenish-blue larva of wlmivora, and to a less extent in pyri and one or two more. As a rule each species preserves much the same colour all through, but here and there some fading of tint is noticeable as maturity is reached, and doubtless this largely accounts for those occasional errors and discrepancies which meet us in our note books, even if they do not find their way into print. It was on my authority that Mr. Stainton (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxiv, 62) de- scribed the larva of woolhopiella as “very pale green,” whereas it is yellow—indeed, a deep yellow for the greater part of its life, but becoming paler towards the last, it borrows something of a greenish tinge from its surroundings, though its true colour is still yellow, as can be ascertained by removing it from the mine. The larva of con- tinuella is a well known example of borrowed colouring, for so deep and pure a green does it look in the mine, that it is hard to believe that it is in reality a rich yellow. Tue Heap.—The range of colour extends from pale brown or | amber up to grey or black, the mouth parts being usually, if not always, red. A few species are apt to vary to some extent, but by far the greater number are very constant to one tint or shade, so that the value of it as a character is by no means slight. It was but the other day that it did me a very good bit of service. Some doubt has been thrown upon the existence of gratiosella as a good species, mainly from the circumstance that it has been given the larva of an allied species, whilst its own larva seems to have done duty for a presumed summer brood of owyacanthella. It was noticing the very pale head of this summer-feeding larva that first made me question its identity with the dark headed larva which occurs late in the autumn, and which I knew, beyond dispute, to be the larva of oxyacanthella. Suspicion once aroused, other differencies that had been overlooked or misunderstood before became apparent, until the conviction could no longer be resisted that two very similar larve and equally similar mines had been mixed up together as one. Subsequently, the breeding of the perfect insect completely settled the point, and proved that the green larva with the colourless head, feeding in the hawthorn leaves in July, belonged to gratiosella. 1894.| 5 Tae Marks on Seament 2.—A square-shaped spot is frequently present on the under-side, but any remarks upon it, beyond observing that it is not of much practical importance, will come in more con- veniently under the head of the ventral marks. Of great importance, however, are the marks on the upper-side. They are of two kinds, yet so alike in many ways that their dual nature was not at first sus- pected and long puzzled me, for they may on the one hand be deep seated internal organs, or on the other hand mere surface markings, shed at the moults like other markings and remaining visible in the cast skin. In both cases they appear about the middle of the segment as a pair of elongated dark marks, in line or nearly so with the posterior lobes of the head, and though in the former they are somewhat pear-shaped and lie just beyond the lobes, whilst in the latter they are equally wide at both ends and are placed rather more forward, so as to lie over the lobes when the head is retracted, yet the distinctions are none too obvious, and at times scarcely appreciable, unless the larva is removed from its mine. For obtaining a good idea of the surface markings there is no better moment than whilst a moult is proceeding, and if the process be near completion, it is quite possible, with a little mani- pulation, to tease off the old skin with the markings imprinted on it. These markings are unquestionably the equivalents of the two halves of an ordinary thoracic plate, in spite of the odd look given them by their elongated shape and the distance they are apart. They are particularly well shown in anomalella, being very black and of unusual size, so that in this insect they project well beyond the head. In salicis and a few others they are also black or blackish, and lying more or less over the posterior lobes, they help to give that especially dark appearance to the back part of the head which is characteristic of these species. But for the most part their colour is amber, and of so faint a tint, that it is only possible to see them under the microscope. The internal organs are, as I have said, pear-shaped, sharply out- lined and so firm in texture that they can be readily dissected out, and are placed immediately behind the head. They are visible in very many species, but not in all, and their size is so large in comparison with the creature itself, that the discovery that they are a part of the nervous system, in fact the cephalic ganglia, is at first quite startling. Their colour is some shade of black or brown, whilst their conspicuousness depends not so much upons the actual depth of the colour as upon the contrast it bears to that of the head. When the two happen to agree in this respect, the ganglia look part and parcel of the head, giving it an unusually elongated appearance, whereas, if they are differently A2 4, (January, coloured, and especially if the advantage lies with the ganglia, as it commonly does, and often to a marked degree, then these bodies stand out clear and distinct. Hence, in our examination, attention must not only be directed to their presence or otherwise, and to the nature of their colouring, but still more to the relation of this colouring to that of the head: in this way they become one of the most useful characters we have for identifying these little creatures. (To be continued). THE WINTER MOTH (CHEIMATOBIA BRUMATA), AND ITS DESTRUCTION. BY GEORGE F. WILSON, FE.R.S., &c. We finished banding the fruit trees at Oakwood, Wisley, on 23rd October, perhaps a week or fortnight sooner would have been safer, but we were busy; the first moth was caught on October 30th; on November 38rd, 54; by the 16th we counted 220 females. On De- cember 2nd there were 44 males and females on one tree, and on its neighbours from 30 to 40; these trees are only about six inches in diameter; we have about 300 trees, but some of them are much less than the above. Our mode of procedure is this:—a band four inches deep of the Willesden Paper Co.’s 4-ply paper is first put round, then the same depth of the Co.’s rot proof DD extra brown canvas, these are then made secure to the trees by tarred twine, the canvas is then well smeared over with “ B best white” cart grease; a second smearing is desirable in about a fortnight after the first, especially if there has been much rain, and another smearing about once a month till the end of March. I should have said that the use of the paper is to prevent the grease soaking through to the tree. In the evening the garden now swarms with male winter moths. In 1888, our fruit trees, es- pecially apple, had almost all their leaves eaten by caterpillars, and the trees much injured thereby, this led us, in 1889, to adopt the bands. I believe this season the moths are more abundant than we have ever before had them; one year we banded the trees at our two gardens at Weybridge, but caught so few moths that the banding has not been repeated. From some cause the Wisley garden seems to be favourable to these moths, whether from the abundance and description of wood (mainly oak), or for other reasons, I cannot say. Heatherbank, Weybridge Heath : December 4th, 1893. 1894, ] 5 AN ATTEMPT TO ACCOUNT FOR MOTH-GREASE, WITH NOTES ON ITS CURE BY ETHER. BY H. GUARD KNAGGS, M.D., F.L.S. Moth-grease, I take it, is a fuel food stored up chiefly by larve as & provision against starvation on the one hand, and as a protection against the effects of cold and wet on the other, and no doubt also as a reserve of energy to be used up in the violent exertion of flight, &c., and those species which lay-in the biggest stock of it give most trouble to collectors. Of these, first come the internal feeders which inhabit wood, bark, stems, roots, fruits, seed-heads, also those which eat fungi or make galleries in dried fruits, fabrics, furs, nests of Hymenoptera, refuse, &c.; the majority of all these pass the winter in the larval state: next come those which feed underground on roots, or which pass a large portion of their time below ground, or conceal themselves under sods, stones, and similar situations ; these, too, generally hiber- nate as larve. All the preceding live more or less in the dark, secluded from the air, and restricted in their movements. Web-makers, the imagines of which also have a tendency to grease, come under the category, but to a less extent: then other larve, generally hibernators, produce Bombyces, most of which family are deficient in suctional power, and the males of which are most vigorous on the wing; these would fare ill had they not, as caterpillars, stocked themselves with an ample supply of fuel food. Another set of larve which do not hibernate have to make preparation for the time when they will have to appear in the imago state in the colder months of the year; these generally accumulate considerable quantities of fatty matter; the autumn batch, in the winged state, procuring additional stores of nutriment more particularly from the blossoms of the ivy to enable them to tide over the winter months, and resume their orgies at the sallows that bloom in the spring. Males are more affected with grease than females, which may be accounted for by the male larva stocking intuitively a considerable supply of reserved energy in readiness for its arduous exertions in the winged state, while the female being of a more sedate turn is content with a moderate amount. Then, again, bred specimens go greasy far more frequently than those which have been taken on the wing. It has also been suggested to me by a correspondent that insects which have paired rarely grease, and those which have paired a second time never. Now, as no one, except for breeding require- 6 (January, ments, allows bred insects to pair or to fly, it naturally follows, from the above, that the males of those which have been reared in confine- ment will contain most grease. Though grease is inherent in most if not all species from the egg onwards, the ultimate amount may be considerable, moderate, or trifling, and in the latter instances it may remain quiescent in a cold, dry situation until, perchance, a too heated temperature, a damp atmo- sphere, the relaxing box or laurel jar, or the vapour of camphor, naphthaline, benzine, &c., brings it to the surface, where its manifesta- tion becomes an eyesore and a nuisance, which, if not promptly attended to, may cause much trouble and annoyance. So much for grease: now for the cure. The extraction of moth- grease made but little headway till the discovery of benzole marked a new era in its progress. At first, probably from timidity as to the effect the new detergent might have upon their specimens, collectors but imperfectly carried out the process, and consequently met with but partial success; then the Rev. Joseph Greene conceived the heroic idea of eviscerating his specimens through a triangular opening on the under-side of the abdomen; this, of course, was an effectual preventive against any recurrence of the grease, though it was not an improvement to the specimen. The next plan was that of Dr. Alex- ander Wallace, who, by boiling out the grease in benzine heated on a water bath, slitting the bodies occasionally where he considered it necessary, instead of cutting out the triangular pieces, undoubtedly advanced matters, but people felt shy of boiling such an inflammable fluid as benzine, the vapour of which might, at any moment, cause an explosion, and so it was not largely adopted. Of late, however, the more effective and safe procedure of soaking the specimens or their abdomina in repeated baths of benzine until every trace of grease has been eradicated, has produced results as perfect as can possibly be obtained from that liquid. There is, however, another fluid far cheaper than benzine, which has at least double the power to extract moth-grease, and which has the further merit of leaving the fur of the specimen fresh and bright, owing to the rapidity with which it volatilizes. Its name is Methylated Ether; and why this has not hitherto been used for the purpose by Entomologists 1s a puzzle to me, for its action upon insect grease has long been known to Chemists, by whom, indeed, it has been employed to extract the unctuous active principle of the blistering beetle (Oan- tharis vesicatoria). Its superiority over benzine is easily demonstrated by evaporating fluid containing moth-grease to the consistence of new 1894. ] if cheese, then putting two portions of the residue of exactly equal weight and shape, say five grains, into separate half-ounce phials and filling one with benzine, the other with ether. It will be found that the ether has dissolved the mass in a quarter of an hour, while the benzine has taken more than half an hour to do its work. My ex- periment was tried with grease which had been extracted partly by ether, partly by benzine, the two fluids were mixed and evaporated. This I find was unfair to the ether, the action of which after benzine is unsatisfactory—had I used grease extracted by ether for the ether experiment, and by benzine for the benzine experiment, the result would certainly have been still more favourable to the ether. There is not time to go over it again now; perhaps some of your readers may think it worth while to do so. Ether is used in the same way as benzine, 7. e., by subjecting the greasy insects to repeated baths of it until the grease is thoroughly eradicated, two soakings of from three to ten days each, according to the size and state of the insects and bodies, are generally quite suffi- cient, but it is also advisable to give a third shorter bath for the purpose of rinsing off any surface grease which may remain from the previous baths. We can easily ascertain whether the insects are properly cleansed by observing whether the last bath 1s discoloured or turbid, and by “feeling” the interiors of the abdomina with a thin wire. When we have satisfied our minds upon this point, the more rapidly we dry our specimens the fresher and brighter will be their appearance, and for this purpose a warm temperature of not over 80° and fanning, or a thorough draught will be of great assistance. Ether will not affect the most delicate colours, even the sensitive green of Lodis vernaria, nor will it mat the cilia, on the contrary, if these are already entangled with grease it will liberate and restore them. When wings and thoraces are only superficially affected they are soon cleaned by bedding them on to magnesia, saturating them with ether, covering over quickly with more magnesia, and leaving till the next day. After repeating this process three or four times, all trace of grease will generally have disappeared. It is when the grease has extended to the interior of the thorax and especially to the pin that the great mischief is done, for the green salt of copper which is formed so distends and distorts the thorax and displaces the wings, that unless it be a rarity, it is not worth while to attempt a cure. Le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle. When the wings and thoraces have been freed from grease, and after the powder has been shaken and blown off, and they have had a ro} [January, brush up with a camel’s hair pencil, it is always advisable to give them a final spraying with ether, fanning the while to assist evaporation, with a spray apparatus, the bellows part of which will be useful for preserving larve according to Lord Walsingham’s plan, Mr. Edmunds, of Windsor, with whom my advertisement for greasy Lepidoptera has brought me into correspondence, informs me that he has for some time past used the Chloride of Ethyl (Chlortre @ Ethyle) for renovating specimens, and he kindly sent me a most ingenious little instrument containing it, consisting of a test tube, the mouth end of which is drawn out into a fine tube and bent to form a blowpipe. When required for use the tip of the elongated part has to be broken off and the body of the test tube held in the fist, when the warmth of the hand causes the contents to be ejected in the form of spray ; its wonderful solvent powers and the rapidity with which it volatilizes raise the pile of the fur of the specimen sprayed in an astonishing manner. In another communication my correspondent, whose experience in cleansing insects with benzine must be immense, writes me as follows :—‘‘ On the 10th of this month (November) I had no good Sphecia crabroniformis left, but some hundred greasy speci- mens. I put a dozen up in a test tube and filled it with anesthetic ether, and left them till the 18th. I have noticed in these specimens that the ether has entirely dissolved the whole contents of the bodies, and I must say left them in lovely condition. I gave two baths of ether to cleanse them from the first ether, and they dried out lovely and cannot possibly grease again. I think they are the most successful specimens I have touched. To-morrow I intend to puta lot of species to the test, for in these crabroniformis the entire contents of the ab- domina have dissolved and formed a heavy sediment in the eight days ether. Benzoline does not do this, it will kill grease, but not dissolve the contents of the body.” If the fore part of this paper excites discussion it will have served its purpose ; as for the latter part, it will give me great pleasure to afford any information in my power as to details, either privately, or, if of sufficient interest, publicly in your pages. I take this opportunity to again thank those gentlemen who have so kindly assisted me by supplying me with the greasy material which has enabled me to satisfy myself as to the vast superiority of ether over benzine, and of the non-necessity for any external mutilation of specimens. Camden Road: December, 1893. 1894, 9 ASYMMETRY OF MARKINGS IN THE URANIID#. BY G. C. GRIFFITHS, F.E.S. In examining recently a considerable number of specimens of Uraniide, particularly U. fulgens and U. Sloanus, 1 have been struck by a peculiarity which I do not remember to have seen mentioned in any of the literature relating to that singular group. We find as an almost invariable rule in the Lepidoptera that the markings of the right wings of a specimen have their exact counterpart in those of the left, but, as far as my material goes, I find that in the two species above referred to a perfectly evenly marked individual is the exception, not the rule: the metallic markings of both fore- and hind-wings being nearly always asymmetrical. The same peculiarity obtains in the nearly allied U. Lezlus, and there is a similar irregularity in the black spots which oceur upon the brilliant glowing patch on the hind- wings of U. Rhipheus, also in a smaller degree in some of the black spots of Nyctalemon Orontes. 43, Caledonia Place, Clifton, Bristol : December, 1893. NOTE ON A SPECIES OF LAMPIDES, RECENTLY DESCRIBED BY MR. DE NICEVILLE, anp DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ARHOPALA FROM BORNEO. BY HAMILTON H. DRUCH, F.Z.S., F.E.S. LAMPIDES CHRULEA. Cupido cerulea, Druce, P. Z. S., 1873, p. 349, pl. xxxui, fig. 6. Lampides bochides, de Nicéville, Journ. B. Nat. Hist. Soc., 1891, p. 367, pl. B, fig. 15, ¢. Mr. de Nicéville has lately described and figured a butterfly under the name of L. bochides, which, on careful examination, proves to be the C. cerulea described by Mr. Herbert Druce in 1873. We possess a ¢ collected in Elopura, N. Borneo, by Mr. Pryer, which I have compared with the type (now in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s collection) and found to be identical. The good figure and clear description given by Mr. de Nicéville at once prove that he is dealing with the insect referred to by Mr. Druce. Mr. de Nicéville has himself (Butt. India, i, p. 164) expressed the opinion that without reference to the type of the species, it would be impossible to exactly determine it, but has apparently described his bochides without having done so. Mr. Druce’s description is correct, so far as it goes: “ Upper-side bright morpho-blue,” which can scarcely be said of any other of the group. 10 (January, It bears considerable resemblance to the blue of some specimens of Morpho Adonis, Or. Unfortunately, the plate on which L. cerulea is figured is so bad that it is absolutely misleading, and I propose at no very distant date to publish a short account of the Lycenide described in that paper in the P. Z. S., together with some satisfactory figures. ARHOPALA ELOPURA, Sp. n. 3. Allied to A. Rafflesti,de Nicév. Upper-side: both wings slightly glistening, dark violaceus-blue, very narrowly bordered with black, scarcely extending beyond the cilia, except towards the anal angle, where it becomes wider. A pale silvery anteciliary line extending from the apex to the anal angle, common to both wings, but broadest in the hind-wing. Anal margin to about end of abdomen light shining brown. Tail rather short, black, and tipped with white. Under-side: ground colour paler than A. Rafflesti, with the spots generally rather larger, and with their interiors scarcely darker than the ground colour. The spots and fascia arranged as in A. Rafflesii, but the band beyond the cell in the fore-wing straight (not slightly curved inwards, as in that species), and with its central spot further towards the outer margin. Thorax and legs concolorous with wings, abdomen brownish above, paler below. Palpi whitish, tipped with brown. 9. Fore-wing violet, graduating into blue towards the base, with the costal margin narrowly to the end of the cell, then widely, and with the apex and outer margin broadly dark fuscous. Hind-wing violet, graduating into blue towards the base, with the costal and outer margins broadly fuscous, but not so dark as in fore- wing; anal margin to about the end of the abdomen light shining greyish-brown. Under-side as g, but ground colour rather darker, and metallic scales at anal angle more prominent. Expanse, g 9, 12 in. Hab.: Elopura, N. Borneo (Pryer). Mus. Druce. This species, although allied to A. Raffesiz, is, 1 think, quite distinct; as, first, it has nothing like such a rich shade of blue; secondly, the silvery line is a character which I have seen in no other of the genus; and, thirdly, the ? has very much less blue than Mr. Nicéville’s figure shows, especially on the hind-wing. I have long possessed this species, and as I have been unable to find any description which fits it, have ventured to name it. London: November, 1893. Pararge Megera in October.—My. Clarke’s note in this month’s (December) Ent. Mo. Mag., reminded me that I had also met with this insect in October. On the 30th of that month, as I was returning from school at 2 p.m., one of my pupils drew my attention to a specimen of P. Megera, which was fluttering in the street. He captured it and brought it to me, and, except that he had damaged one of its wings, it was in good condition.— W. F. Jounson, Armagh: December 4th, 1893. 1894. } 1l The present market value of Chrysophanus dispar and Noctua subrosea.—At the recent sale (at Stevens’ Rooms) of a portion of the late Rev. H. Burney’s col- lection, the highest price obtained for C. dispar was £6 10s. per specimen, and for NV. subrosea, £6 6s. per pair. Both of these are extinct, so far as regards the British (and typical) form, and the prices probably indicate a real market value. Well authenticated specimens of very rare British species found ready purchasers at high prices; but there was a significant variation of confidence shown as between indi- vidual specimens of the same species.—EDs. Notes on Hepialus virescens, and other early spring insects in New Zealand.— On the 24th instant, I made the first Entomological expedition of the season, chiefly in search of the pupz of Hepialus virescens. The collecting ground selected was a deep ravine, situated between high hills. On each side of the little stream, which ran at the bottom of this ravine, numerous specimens of the winberry tree | (Aristotelia racemosa) were growing, in the stems of which plant the larve of H. virescens reside. ‘The first burrow noticed was situated ciose to a branch in one of the trees, and the extraction of the enclosed pupa was difficult, the wood being very tough, and refusing to split in the required direction. After considerable trouble, I succeeded in getting out the pupa, and observed with much regret that I had apparently injured its anterior portions. I placed the specimen on the ground near the foot of the tree, and resumed work on some others close by. On returning about an hour later, I saw, to my great astonishment and delight, that the insect was in the act of emerging, all the anterior horny plates of the pupa were separated, the beautiful green thorax of the moth appearing through the interstices. In a few seconds the legs were thrust forwards, and, by a prodigious effort, the insect finally drew itself clear of the pupa. The moth now rapidly ascended the tree, until it reached an elevation of about four feet from the ground, where the stem was slightly eurved, which thus enabled the insect to place its wings in a favourable position for development, viz., backwards and somewhat downwards. These organs were still extremely small, and much crumpled, especially towards the tips, and it seemed in- eredible that they could ever assume their proper shape and dimensions. They, however, grew with marvellous rapidity, and the creases were forced outwards to the extreme tips, and finally disappeared. During this stage of the transformation the wings were held vertically, but as soon as their development was completed, they were closed over the back in the usual position of P. rape. The moth now rested quietly on the tree-trunk where it would no doubt have remained until nightfall. It was very inconspicuous, notwithstanding the large size of the specimen, which reached upwards of five inches in the expansion of its wings. When thus seen in its full perfection, this giant Hepia/us was a superb object, and although familiar with the insect and its habits, the sight is one which I shall never forget. On the same day the following species were also noticed :—Vanessa Gonerilla, one only (hibernated) ; Sestia humeraria and Simaéthis combinatana, one very pale specimen of each, also evidently hibernated; Xanthorhoé semifissata, one only, apparently fresh; Hrechthias erebiotis, one only; Hlachista archeonoma, common amongst grass in the sunshine, seen fully a month ago; several Perlide, Ephemeride, Tipulide, &e.—G. VY. Hupson, Karori, Wellington, N. Z.: September 27th, 1893. 12 (January, Lepidoptera, &c., at Morecambe.—August 11th to 31st last I spent at More- cambe, on the Lancashire coast, and, in company with Mr. G. C. Dennis, of York, paid some attention to the entomology of the neighbourhood. We found very little to encourage us, however, and although in a season where everything had appeared exceptionally early, most August species were no doubt over, we were obliged to regard the district as one of the very worst we had ever collected in. Most of our work was done in Heysham Moss, and the adjoining ditches and ground, a promising enough spot about two miles from Morecambe, and a mile inland, but exceedingly disappointing in its results. Nine of the commonest autumn butterflies were on the wing in the daytime, including perfectly fresh Vanessa cardui, which species appears to have been very scarce in most parts of Britain this year, and an occasional Macroglossa stellatarum occurred with them. At dusk, Plusia festue@ occurred on all the ditches, and was not uncommon, and a few worn Apamea fibrosa, of which both forms appeared equally common, occurred with them. Sugar was an almost complete and inexplicable failure, and it was certainly not from any absence of common sugar-loving Noctue, as the following fact, among similar instances, will prove. One to all appearance likely evening we sugared the stems and flowers of various plants along the side of a very promising ditch, but not a single moth of any description visited the sweets. But on lighting up the lamps after dark, and getting into the ditch (which was dry, owing to the long drought) we at once saw Noctue in profusion, sitting on the stems and flowers (mostly the dead and dry flowers) of various plants. Nor had they flown there, for we had been closely working the ditch at dusk for Plusia festuce, and had the Noctue been on the wing, we could not have failed to have seen them. They had simply crawled up the stems from the bottom of the ditch! Hydrecia micacea (not a sugar visitor, however) was most numerous, but there were scores of others, comprised of Agrotis suffusa, A. segetum, Tryphena orbona, Noctua plecta, N.c-nigrum, Xanthia cerago, X. silago, Phlogophora meticulosa, &o., many of which, had sugar been attractive at all, would have been found ravenously feasting on it. On August 28th, a perfectly fresh Hadena oleracea was taken, without doubt, a “second brood” specimen. Crambus geniculellus did come freely to sugar the only evening we tried it directly on the coast, but the Noctue would not come even there, and the ragwort flowers, both on the coast and on the “ Moss,”’ were almost as unproductive. Nor were the Neurop- tera and Trichoptera any better represented. Of the former, Jschnura elegans and one or two common species of Hemerobius were the only things netted; and Colpotaulius incisus, Glyphotalius pellucidus, Limnophilus marmoratus, L. flavi- cornis, L. lunatus (the most abundant species), and JZ. affinis represented the Trichoptera. As elsewhere, wasps occurred in profusion the first few days of our visit, and I was much interested in noticing what an attraction to them were some blue artificial flowers in Mrs. Porritt’s bonnet. They repeatedly followed these flowers long distances, flying about them and trying to settle on them all the way, thus showing that these insects are quite as much attracted by colour and appearance as by scent.—Gro. T. Porritt, Huddersfield: October 13th, 1893. Lepidoptera in the Belfast district.—The season in this district has been un- usually good, and I have been fortunate in adding some good species to my list. Teniocampa opima occurred sparingly at sallows,near Belfast,at the end of March; the 1894. } 13 males were very skittish, and all those captured were netted as they flew off the bushes. A single specimen of 4pamea ophiogramma was taken flying over rushes in a marsh by the river Lagan, where A. leucostigma and Miana literosa were abundant; the W. literosa are darker and less rosy than specimens from Howth. A specimen of Hadena contigua, taken in the Mourne Mountains, offered a remarkable example of evanescent colouring; at the time of capture it was evidently just out from the pupa, all the darker parts of the fore-wings were of a deep rose-pink, while the pale hind marginal band, the reniform and the base of the wing were strongly suffused with bronzy-green, altogether a most beautiful insect : these colours gradually faded, and by the time I was able to send the specimen to Mr. Barrett the green had nearly disappeared. The best capture of the year was Phibalapteryx lapidata, of which species five specimens were taken in a reedy spot in the Belfast Hills on September 3rd; the males were much worn, but the females were quite fresh. As there are many miles of similar ground on the Antrim Hills, the species probably occurs in other places. Cirrhedia xerampelina occurred in Castlewellan Park, Venusia cam- bricaria in Donard Demesne, and Stilbia anomala in a valley in the Mourne Mountains. Of the Pyralides, Scoparia ingratella occurred on Knockagh, near Carrickfergus, together with Hnnychia cingulata and Oxyptilus parvidactylus. E. cingulata has a particular liking for the steep slope at the extreme edge of the cliff, so that its capture is rather exciting work. Of Platyptilia isodactyla a single speci- men was taken at the same time and place as Phib. lapidata; Senecio aquaticus is abundant all over the ground. Homcosoma senecionis was taken at Newcastle, Co. Down, Phycis fusca (carbonariella) in the Silent Valley and Bloody Bridge Valley in the Mourne Mountains, and Phyris subornatella (dilutella) at Island Magee. Peronea hastiana (hibernated) was taken near Belfast, Olindia ulmana in Donard Demesne, and Pamplusia mercuriana was fairly common at the top of Slieve Bingian (2500 feet). Glyphipteryx equitella was found in swarms at several spots along the cliffs of Island Magee on June 4th, and one specimen of Lampronia luzella in a lane near Belfast.—CuHartes W. Watts, Belfast: October 6th, 1893. Stray notes on Kentish Coleoptera.—Since my return to England, in the middle of July last, | have had numerous opportunities of revisiting many old collecting grounds in Kent, as well as of trying some new ones, in search of Coleoptera. Some of the former, I regret to say, have sadly deteriorated since I first knew them, twenty or more years ago, and the phenomenal drought and heat of the past summer have been most prejudicial to beetle life. Never in all my previous experience of collecting have so few really good insects rewarded such constant work, and a similar complaint reaches me from correspondents in many parts of the south of England. One exception to the general scarcity of beetles in the Isle of Sheppey has been the abundance of the Coccinellide, especially during the latter half of July. On certain evenings in that month, with a gentle south-westerly breeze and high tem- perature, ladybirds might have been swept off the grass on the edge of the cliffs literally by pints, and I remember to have only once before seen them in equal or greater profusion, during the summer of 1869. The predominating species were, as might have been expected, Coccinella 7-punctuta, variabilis, 11-punctata, and bi- punctata, but along with these several others, which were previously rare or not met with af all in the island, were to be found more or less commonly, such as C. ocellata, 14 ’ {January, oblongo-guttata, obliterata, mutabilis, and 14-guttata. In damp places C. (Anisos- ticta) 19-punctata, new to my local list, was quite common, and C. 22-punctata, previously quite a rarity, was found at Elmley, by sweeping, in great profusion. Chilocorus similis, by no means an abundant insect in my experience, was this year quite plentiful, turning up in all sorts of places until quite the end of October. Very few other beetles were to be obtained by cliff sweeping, the evenings being as a rule too hot and dry; but on one occasion Bagéus subcarinatus was quite com- ‘mon, at a distance of fully five miles from the very restricted locality where alone it had previously been found. Bruchus canus is an addition to the Sheppey list, but it occurred only singly. Early in August, in a dried-up ditch quite close to Sheerness, on a few water- cress plants swarming with Phedon cochlearie and its larva, I found three beautiful specimens of Saprinus virescens, a veritable wolf in sheep’s clothing. The close superficial resemblance of the Hister, in size, colour, and general aspect, to the Chrysomelid, renders the two species by no means easy to separate in the field, or, rather, the ditch; and in one instance at least the Saprinus was evidently making a meal of the helpless grubs of the Phedon. In the same spot I met with Phyto- bius velatus, new to Sheppey; and a casual specimen of the red-legged var. melano- cornis of Chlenius nigricornis excited for the moment a wild idea that I had at last got hold of the rare C. Schrankii. In large Boleti growing on elm trees, Homalium deplanatum occurred in fair numbers in September and October, accompanied by H. concinnum (common), Hapalarea pygmea (rare), Endomychus coccineus, Triphyllus suturalis (abundant), Coninomus nodifer, Tetratoma fungorum, and other fungus feeders ; Cis bidentatus being also very plentiful in these Boleti when hard and dry. Coryphium angusti- colle again turned up, after the lapse of many years, this time in an old apple tree stump, in company with Homalium iopterum. At Elmley, five miles from Sheerness, in a fresh-water ditch choked with a luxuriant growth of Sparganium ramosum, I found Telmatophilus brevicollis quite commonly by sweeping this plant. Curiously enough, this species was apparently restricted to a space not more than five yards in length, while its commoner relative, T. caricis, abounded from one end of the ditch to the other. Here, too, Bagdéus subcarinatus again occurred, with Hippodamia 13-punctata (taken by Mr. Champion in September), Podphagus sisymbrii, Apion Hookeri, &c. The thorny rest-harrow (Ononis spinosa), at Elmley and elsewhere, produced Apion Bohemani in great profusion in August, with Sitones ononidis, just as rarely. A. limonii, formerly so plentiful in many places round the shore of the island, now seems to be confined to a very limited spot on one of the “saltings” near Queen- borough, having apparently disappeared from nearly all its old localities. Turning now to the Chatham district, Cobham Park was, of course, visited at an early date, but this usually productive locality had suffered even more from the prolonged drought than the Isle of Sheppey ; and scarcely a beetle worth bottling resulted from several days’ collecting. I found that Platycis (Eros) minutus still lingered in the old ash tree,where it occurred in 1889, as I took half a dozen speci- mens one evening at the end of July; but its companion in the tree, Abreus granulum, had evidently quite vanished. Philonthus addendus, Sharp, and Ginath- 1894.] 15 oncus nannetensis, in fungus; Homalota pagana and Lathridius elongatus, by sifting dead leaves; and Nossidium pilosellum, not rarely about a Cossus-burrow in oak, with a solitary Agaricophagus cephalotes, the only Anisotomid met with by evening sweeping, are alone worth mentioning. Aphodius Zenkeri was quite scarce this year (though found not rarely at Mickleham), its place being apparently taken by A. sticticus. At Rainham, in October, Apion levicolle was found plentifully in a haystack on the marshes; Thyamis agilis again turned up, but very rarely, on Scrophularia aquatica, at Snodland ; and Licinus depressus occurred on two or three occasions under flints on the chalk hills at Queendown Warren, near Rainham, and at Boxley, near Maidstone. I went twice to Deal in September, but found the sand-hills devoted to the “royal and ancient game” of golf to such an extent that collecting was carried on at no small risk, in the midst of a miniature bombardment of hard balls flying in every direction. On both occasions the evening was unfavourable for sweeping, and I failed to find Anisotoma pallens, which species was the chief inducement of my visits. I was able, however, to ascertain that many of the well-known specialities in Coleoptera of this famous locality were still to be had for the working, and obtained, in addition, a good series of Nitidula rufipes and 4-pustulata, under a bone lying on the bare sand. A visit to Faversham, in quest of Liosomus troglodytes in its original locality, was unsuccessful as regards its main object, though I took a fine g of its almost equally rare congener, Z. oblongulus, with Apteropeda globosa in moss, as well as Stenus major and S. incrassatus in the marsh at Ospringe, where these species had been previously obtained.—JaAmMES J. WALKER, 23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness: November 29th, 1893. Coleoptera in the Oxford District—During the past season I have met with several interesting species of Coleoptera in the neighbourhood of Oxford, some of which have, perhaps, not hitherto been recorded from the district. The localities which I worked were Bagley Wood, Shotover, and the backwaters of the river below the city; Dorchester, which is situated near the confluence of the Thame and Thames, was also a favourite hunting-ground for beetles. Elaphrus uliginosus, one specimen, running on a mud-bank in a stream near Stadhampton ; Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, in some numbers, in Hen Wood, near Oxford ; Oodes helopioides, near Marston, sometimes to be found in numbers at the roots of grass on the high banks after the floods have subsided ; Anchomenus livens, a few specimens in flood refuse, near Mesopotamia ; Oxyporus rufus, a long series from decaying fungus at Dorchester; Coccinella obliterata, in crevices of bark in Hen Wood; Alexia pilifera, by sweeping, at Dorchester; Carpophilus hemipterus, several specimens, in a rotting branch in Bagley Wood, but, unfortunately, most of them were lost; Cercus bipustulatus and C. pedicularius, swarming on the river banks ; Cychramus luteus, sweeping in Bagley Wood; Lathridius lardarius, a large series, by sweeping at Dorchester; Geotrupes mutator, one specimen at Shotover ; Agrilus laticornis, by sweeping in Bagley Wood; Aphanisticus pusillus, in moss at 16 (January, Bagley ;. Hlater balteatus, not rare on hazel, Bagley Wood; Ischnodes sanguini- collis,some dead specimens, in a rotting log at Dorchester; Corymbites pectinicornis, Bagley Wood; C. querctis and var. ochropterus, by beating young oaks in Bagley Wood; C. metallicus, one specimen, by sweeping in Magdalen College grounds ; Malachius eneus, by sweeping in damp places at Dorchester ; Xestobium tessellatum, found attacking large numbers of willow trees at Oxford; Ptilinus pectinicornis, commonly on ash at Dorchester ; Ochina hedere, on dead ivy in Magdalen College grounds; Hedobia imperialis, by sweeping at Dorchester; Clytus mysticus and Leiopus nebulosus, by beating hawthorn in Bagley Wood ; Callidium violaceum, com- mon in parts of Bagley; Chrysomela didymata, one specimen, by sweeping nettles at Cowley; C. gattingensis, one specimen, on Frilford Heath; Melandrya cara- boides, in old willows at Oxford; Notoxus monoceros, in a sandy ditch at Cowley ; Oncomera femorata, a single specimen, captured flying in the city; Asclera cerulea, rarely, on hawthorn in early spring; Sifaris muralis, on an old wall at Wolvercot.— Joun W. Surpp, University Museum, Oxford: November, 1893. Odour of Olophrum piceum.—Last Thursday, December 7th, I sifted some dead leaves by the side of the Canal and brought home the siftings. On examination (as soon as the contents of the bag were warm enough to restore energy to the half frozen beetles), I perceived a most disagreeable smell, worse than the ordinary Hemiptera can produce. I went on boxing a few beetles, but finding no bugs, and a few minutes after my wife called my attention to the smell (she was sitting at the other end of the room). I finished and threw the leaves away, noticing, however, that the smell had disappeared. An hour afterwards I opened one of the boxes, and was greeted with the same smell. The box contained nothing but two specimens of Olophrum piceum, Gyll. I killed them promptly with boiling water, but the smell hung about them for some time, even after carding. Has this smell been noticed before? I can find no mention of it—HaroLtp Swatz, 3, Abbeymead, Tavistock : December 9th, 1893. [A similar objectionable odour is emitted by many species of the group Homaliine.—EpDs.]}. Pseudeumolpus, Jacoby, renamed Eumolpopsis.—My attention having been called to the fact that the name Pseudeumolpus, proposed by me in the last number of this Magazine (p. 276) for a genus of Phytophagous Coleoptera, is pre-occupied (Kraatz, 1890), I now change it to Humolpopsis.—M. Jacosy, 7, Hemstall Road, West Hampstead: December, 18938. Rare Diptera in 1893.—This season has been a very favourable one for Diptera, several rare species having occurred rather freely. My first capture worth noticing was Chilosia grossa in Sutton Park on March 27th. Early in April Bombylius major swarmed at Trench Woods, at the same time I captured Gonia lateralis. Callomyia amena, one specimen in my garden. Syrphus barbifrons, Melanostoma quadrimaculatum, Platychirus latimanus, were very common in Sutton Park in April. Helophtilus lineatus, hybridus, and trivittatus, all occurred in the Park, the 1894.) IFA first named freely. Sericomyia borealis and lappona, very common, the former unusually large apecimens. Criorrhina berberina, oxyacanthe, and floccosa (Sutton), the last being taken in my garden before breakfast. Xylota abiens (Sutton), ten specimens, all males, were taken in close proximity to a dead tree, some on the trunk itself. X. sylvarum also occurred, and X. lenta was taken on the Cotswold. Mero- don equestris, seven specimens taken in my gardens (four distinct varieties), and I have heard of other captures; this insect is no doubt increasing in the country. Dioctria atricapilla, one from the Cotswold. Gymnocheta viridis, Sutton and Cotswold, one from each locality. Conops vesicularis (1) and Bombylius canescens, Wyre Forest, where I also captured a fine var. of Volucella bombylans, combining the two forms, the thorax being yellow and the tail red; this might well be called var. intermedia. At the end of July, by sweeping rush heads at Sutton, I took an im- mense quantity of Platychiride, among which were two specimens of P. fulviventris. Eristalis enea, taken freely at Weymouth in August, also sepulchralis (1), this was also taken at Sutton. Oncomyia nigra (1) and Sepedon sphegeus, from Wyre Forest in September. Among the Daddies, Tipula vittata, Pachyrrhina crocata, Pecilos- tola punctata, all occurred in my garden, the last named so freely that I could take half a dozen with one stroke of the net, it also varied much in colour from pale grey to black. Phalacrocera replicata, this was not uncommon in a bog in Sutton Park ou May 14th; on getting home at mid-day and finding it was a prize, I went again in the afternoon, but none were to be seen.—RaLpH C. Brapuiry, Holly Bank, Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire: December, 1893. Coccus rubi of Schrank.—In this Magazine, vol. xviii, p. 275, the late M. Lichtenstein states that he had identified the long-lost Coceus rubi, Schrank, in a species of Dactylopid, living on the leaves of Rubus discolor; but I think he was mistaken. Schrank’s description points clearly to a hemispheric Lecaniwm, ? , and I have referred to it a like species of that genus (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag.,ili, n.8., p. 105) ; whereas Lichtenstein states that his dissimilar 2? Coccid is “ fringed and spotted with snow-white woolly secretion, and has 8-jointed antenne.” He also adds, in his description of the male, that it has “four white tails or setee, the interior pair as long as the entire insect, the exterior as long as the wings. This latter character induces me to term the genus Zetrura.” It may, incidentally, be observed that Geoffroy says his Coccus adonidum, g, “has the four white filaments of its tail snow-white.” The late BH. Lf. Atkinson, in his “Insect Pests,’ Calcutta (1886), has a noted the proposed genus “‘ Zetrura”’ without any remark. All I wish to contend for now is that Lichtenstein’s Telrura ulmi cannot, by the evidence adduced, be the same as the Coccus ulmi, Schrank, aud that the latter is correctly identified as a Lecanium, as stated above.—J. W. Dovatas, 153, Lewisham Road, S.E.: Movem- ber 6th, 1893. Eriopeltis Lichtensteinii and Signoretia luzule in Scotland.—I have received from Dr. T, A. Chapman some of the sacs of Hriopeltis Lichtensteinii on grass- stems, and of Signoretia luzule, on the leaves of a Luzula, all taken in Argyleshire. These are interesting on account of the northern locality ; both species having hitherto been found not north of Cheshire.—Ib. B 18 | January,’ Review. Tus Burrerriies or Norra AmERIcA: by W. H. Epwarps. Third Series, Part xiv, with three Coloured Plates. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co. London: Triibner and Co. 1893. This Part commences with a consideration of Neominois Ridingsii, Edw., an alpine Satyrid allied to Chionobas. The details concerning it occupy eight 4to pages, illustrated by a plate on which are about 30 figures. Otherwise the Part is, like its predecessor (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 49), occupied by the genus Chionobas itself, and the species treated on are Ch. Gino, Boisd., of which assimilis, Butl., is considered a variety, Macounii, Edw., which appears practically peculiar to the Dominion of Canada, and of which the transformations are elaborately detailed and equally elaborately figured. Obituary. Prof. Hermann August Hagen, Hon. F.E.S., was born at K6nigsberg, East Prussia, on May 30th,* 1817, and died at Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., on November 9th, 1893. He was the son of K. H. Hagen, one of the Professors at the University of Kénigsberg, and after preliminary education entered the University as medical student, where Rathke was Professor of Natural History, and it is possible that this association had much to do with his turning his attention to Entomology; but I have evidence that his father, although he appears to have written nothing on the subject, was an entomologist, for in 1865 Hagen sent me a pair of the still rare dragon-fiy, Epitheca bimaculata, “as a true token of my friendship,” inasmuch as they had been captured by his father, who gave them to him at the age of 15, with advice to study such insects. In 1839 he sent a List of the Dragon-flies of East Prussia to a local publication, and in the same year he appears to have accompanied Rathke on a journey to Sweden, Norway, Denmark, &c., where the principal collec- tions and Museums were visited. In 1840 he wrote his “ Dissertatio Inauguralis,” the subject of which was the synonymy of European Dragon-flies, proving unmis- takeably that talent for bibliographical research for which he subsequently became so famous. Once fairly launched as a writer, articles from his pen followed in rapid succession, and at the time of the attack which ultimately proved fatal, they numbered many hundreds, mainly on Neuroptera, including, for many years, critical reviews on all papers on the subject that appeared, and also notices of old and nearly forgotten works on entomology. Fossil Newroptera engaged his attention continuously. Un- doubtedly he was the pioneer of modern Neuropterology in its broad sense, and of Trichopterology in particular. About 1841 his work attracted the attention of Baron de Selys-Longchamps, and the life-long friendship then formed showed fruit in the production of the ‘“‘ Revue des Odonates d’Europe” (1850), which was in part written by him, and to which he contributed nearly all the illustrations of details, for he was a ready draughtsman, and his letters were always rendered the more valuable on account of the intercalated sketches. With de Selys he was was also associated in the “ Monographie des Caloptérygines” (1854) and “des * In his ‘‘ Inaugural Dissertation” (1840) he gives the date somewhat vaguely as ‘‘ante tertium diem Jun., anno 1817,” showing that, at that time, he was slightly uncertain. 1894.2 19 Gomphines ” (1857), and in the various synopses of Odonate Families and their additions that are so well known to all Neuropterists. From 1855 to 1858 he was engaged on a Synopsis of the European Cicade, and from 1855 to 1860 on his “ Monographie der Termiten,” which in many respects is perhaps his masterpiece, dealing as it does, in a wonderfully detailed manner, with what is probably the most difficult of all Families of Insects. In 1861 appeared his “Synopsis of the Newroptera of North America” (Smithsonian Institution), which was intended to be followed later by a Monograph on the same subject, but this latter, unfortunately, never ap- peared in a collective form. I say “ unfortunately,” because several important groups, such as the Planipennia and Trichoptera, were not worked out in the Synopsis with his usual detail. For several years prior to this Hagen had been engaged in com- piling the “ Bibliotheca Entomologica,” which appeared in two vols. in 1862 and 1863, giving a List of all works and papers on Entomology that had appeared from the earliest times. That work, as affording a means of ready reference (rendered still more useful by the analytical register at the end of the second vol.), almost revolutionized the science, and it was truly said that having got it, the wonder was how we existed so long without it. Omissions and errors have naturally been de- tected since—that these are so few is a marvel. All this time Hagen had been labouring at his profession as a medical man in his native town, and adding to his small income by occasional literary work; but his letters to me at one time were despondent as to his future. However, in 1867, he was asked by Louis Agassiz, the Director of the Zoological Museum of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., to take charge of the Entomological Section. He accepted the position, and finally left Europe in the autumn of 1867 to undertake his new duties (a portion of his collections being destroyed en route, to his great grief). Once installed there, he set to work with a will, and put in order that which had been comparative chaos, turning his attention especially to illustrating the life- histories of insects, a feature for which the Museum has become renowned. He became Professor of Entomology at the University. In America it was almost ne- cessary he should devote much attention to economic entomology, and he suggested a means of destroying noxious insects by means of inoculation with the yeast fungus. In 1882 (then at the age of 65) he joined a long and arduous exploring expedition, and accumulated much materials, one outcome of which was a paper on the genus Colias, which attracted much attention and occasioned much controversy. These duties, necessities of his office, left him little time for his Neuropterous studies, but he continued to publish on the Order. He revisited Europe for a brief period on two occasions, and on the second of these I met him at Southampton when on his return—the last time I saw him. In September, 1890, he was stricken with paralysis, and an attack of influenza in the following January rendered his recovery hopeless. He lingered on for nearly three years in a deplorable state, helpless as an infant, conscious of his condition, with his bodily functions unimpaired, yet reduced to a skeleton (he was formerly a very heavy man), kept alive by the devoted care of his wife (whom he married when quite young, but had no family). I cannot but echo the expression of one of his oldest friends in America—a happy release for both of them! In conclusion it becomes necessary to say a few words as to my personal con- nection with Hagen. I was most emphatically his pupil. When he was in London B2 90 (January, engaged on the compilation of his “ Bibliotheca,” I met him for the first time. He took the opportunity when here of making an examination of the various collections of Newroptera, and one resu}t was a series of Synopses of the British species (all excepting Per/ide), published in the “ Entomologist’s Annuals”’ for several years. That on the Phryganide (1859—61) attracted my attention, and induced me to study these insects (of which I had already collected a few), and to enter into correspondence with the author My first letter from him is dated 18th February, 1861, and from that time until just before his illness we were in almost constant communication. Naturally there were points on which we were not quite of the same opinion: but I venture to think that this long co-operation was of value to both of us, and, let me hope, also to succeeding students of the subjects in which we were both so warmly interested! Hagen was Honorary Member of most of the prominent Entomological Societies, of that of London since 1863.—R. McLacutan. Societies. BIRMINGHAM ENTOMOLOGICAL Society: November 20th, 1893.—Mr. R. C. BRADLEY in the Chair. The following were exhibited :—By Mr. E. C. Rossiter, insects from Arley, including Aplecta tincta, Hadena contigua and Proteus, and one specimen of AXylophasia scolopacina from Shut Mill. By Mr. A. H. Martineau, Macroglossa stellatarum from Solihull and Abersoch, N. Wales, and one specimen of Sesia cynipiformis from Wyre Forest; also Bombus muscorum, sylrarum, and cognatus, 3, all from Nevin, N. Wales, species almost identical in appearance. By Mr. R. C. Bradley, males, females, and neuters of Vespa crabro from Astwood Bank ; also Ammophila sabulosa from Cannock Chase ; a species which Mr. Saunders, in part il of his “‘ Hymenoptera Aculeata,’’ says he has not heard of from the midlands. By Mr. W. Harrison, a nest of Bombus cognatus from Harbarne, with males, females, and neuters; also a box of Lepidoptera taken during the Society’s Cotswold trip in June last, and including, in addition to species taken by the other members, Nemeo- bius Lucina, Euchelia jacobea, Nemophila plantaginis, 6 and 2, &. A paper was communicated by Mr. F. W. Urich, of Trinidad, entitled, “Wayside Notes of a Naturalist,” in which was described a walk in the neighbourhood of Port of Spain, with many observations upon the habits of the insects, &c., met with. A number of photographs of the district, &c., were shown ; also a box full of insects which had been collected, to show what might de done in the course of one walk there: it included about 50 dragon-flies, and over 130 Lepidoptera.—CoLBRan J. WAIN- WRIGHT, Hon. Sec. LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENTOMOLOGICAL Society : December 11th, 1893.— Mr.S. J. Capper, F.L.S., President, in the Chair. Mr. C. H. Schill, of Manchester, gave “ A few introductory remarks on the 2 genus Vanessa and its allies,’ and showed the ease with which exotics could now be obtained from friends residing abroad. He stated that it was almost necessary to work single groups and become specialists thereon, rather than attempt to form gigantic collections of whole Orders, of which it was almost impossible to obtain a 1894.] 97 complete knowledge. He then described the chief points of difference for separating the genera and species, illustrating his remarks by a number of closely connected species of the genus. Mr. C. G. Barrett, of London, explained and discussed Mr. Merrifield’s recent experiments on the effect of temperature on the genus Vanessa. Mr. C. E. Stott read a few remarks upon Ammophila lutaria, Fab., and showed a specimen captured near Blackpool in July, 1892 ; Mr. Harker, living specimens of a Corynetes, feeding in Copra, from Singapore, and Sesia scolieformis, from the north of Scotland; Mr. Newstead, a nest of Vespa vulgaris, from Malpas, Cheshire, which was built to 2 rafter inside an outhouse, a most unusual position; and Sinoden- dron cylindricum, L., and larve, from a pear tree near Chester. Mr. J. Herbert Stott, a curious variety of Celena Haworthii, from Bolton, 1893. Mr. Gregson, a specimen of Heliothis peltigera, captured at Wallasey in 1887. Mr. Watson, Parnassius Apollo and P. Phebus = Delius, showing the female pouches; also Eurycus Cressida.—F. N. Pierce, Hon. Sec., The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool. EntomotogicaL Society oF Lonpon: December 6th, 1893. — Henry JOHN Ewes, Esq., F.£.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair. Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited, for Dr. Livett, a series of specimens of a moth taken at Wells, which Dr. Livett considered to be varieties of Dasycampa rubiginea, but which many entomologists present thought were varieties of Cerastis vaccinit. Mr. Kirby added that similar specimens had been taken rather freely during the past autumn in Berkshire, and it was suggested that they might be hybrids between D. rubiginea and C. vacciniz. Mr. Lovell Keays exhibited, for Mr. A. L. Keays, a series of Lycena Alexis, with confluent spots on the under-sides of the fore-wings. He drew attention to the fact that the insects were all taken within a short radius, and probably were in the ratio of about one in forty with reference to the ordinary form. All the examples, with one exception, were females. He had some years ago met with a similar brood near Weymouth, in which the confluent spots were, as far as the speci- mens collected by him extended, entirely confined to females, and the proportion was much higher. Professor S. H. Scudder, of Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A., stated that he had observed the occurrence of broods with suffused spots in America, but they were not confined to any special locality. ; Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited the type-specimen of Coptomia opalina of Gory, from the Hopeian Collection at Oxford, and pointed out that it was quite distinct from C. mutabilis, W. The distinct punctuation of the whole insect, and the striolate pygidium in C. opalina, were sufficient to distinguish it at once. Mr. Waterhouse called attention to this, as some French entomologists maintain that these insects are the same species. He also called attention to Si/pha atomaria of Linneus (Syst. Nat., ed. xii, i, p. 574), a Swedish species which appeared to have escaped notice, and was not included in any catalogue. The type is still extant in the Linnean cabinet, and Mr. Waterhouse said he was of opinion that it is the Olibrus geminus of our collections, but he had not had an opportunity of making a critical examination. He also exhibited male and female specimens of a Helopeltis (the Tea-Bug), which he considered a distinct species, and stated that it had occurred only in Assan. i) iw) ‘ January, Mr. M. Jacoby exhibited certain species and varieties of the genus Ceroglossus from Chili, and Dr. D. Sharp, Mr. J. J. Walker, and Mr. Champion made remarks on their geographical distribution. Prof. Scudder exhibited the type-specimen of a fossil butterfly—Prodryas Persephone—found in beds of Tertiary Age (Oligocene) at Florissant, Colorado. He said the species belonged to the Nymphalidae, and the specimen was remarkable as being in more perfect condition than any fossil butterfly from the European Tertiaries. He also stated that he had found a bed near the White River on the borders of Utah, in which insects were even more abundant than in the Florissant beds. Dr. Sharp, Mr. Kirby, Mr. H. Goss, and the President took part in the dis- cussion which ensued. Mr. Goss exhibited hibernating larvee of Spilothyrus alcee, which had been sent to him by Mr. F. Bromilow from St. Maurice, Nice. Mr. W. F. H. Blandford read a paper, entitled, “The Rhynchophorous Coleop- tera of Japan. Part iii. Scolytide.’’ The President, Dr. Sharp, Mr. Champion, Mr. McLachlan and Mr. J. J. Walker took part in the discussion which ensued concerning the distribution of the group and the admixture of Palearctic and Oriental forms in Japan. My. G. T. Bethune-Baker read a paper, entitled, “ Notes on sonit Lepidoptera received from the neighbourhood of Alexandria,’ and exhibited the specimens. Mr. McLachlan suggested that the scarcity of insects in lower Egypt was possibly to be accounted for by the fact that much of the country was under water for a portion of the year, and Dr, Sharp said that another cause of the scarcity was the cultivation of every available piece of land for centuries past. The President and Mr. J. J. Walker continued the discussion. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read a paper, entitled, “ Further Observations on the Tea-Bugs (Helopeltis) of India.” Dr. F. A. Dixey communicated a paper, entitled, “On the Phylogeny of the Pierine, as illustrated by their wing-markings and Geographical Distribution.”— H. Goss and W. W. Fowter, Hon. Secretaries. = A SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH PSYCHODIDZ. BY THE REV. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S. (concluded from vol. iv, page 130). Tue GroGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PsYcHODIDE can here be treated of only in a very summary manner, owing to the small amount of information available. Many species have been described from countries exterior to Europe, under the generical name of Psychoda; but it is probable that the name was applied to them in a comprehensive popular sense that throws no light upon the range of this genus. A magazine-drawer in one of the British Museum eabinets contains a single 9 Psychoda, captured by the author at Capetown in 1874; a Pericoma allied to P. ocellaris, obtained by 1894. } 23 Wollaston in the island of Madeira ; and several specimens of another species, related either to P. notabilis or P. fusca, from German East Africa. Turning to continental Europe, the information obtainable from foreign authors concerning the range of British species of Psychodide is very limited. Latreille and Macquart refer to six of the species as indigenous to the north of France: Pericoma canescens (Meigen ?), trifasciata, ocellaris, fusca; Psychoda phalenoides and sexpunctata. Van der Wulp (who has seen English specimens of nine of them) records eleven of the species from the Netherlands, which are also included by Schiner in the Austrian fauna: Ulomyia fuliginosa; Peri- coma palustris, nubila, canescens, ocellaris, fusca ; Psychoda albipennis, phalenoides, sexpunctata, humeralis ; and Trichomyia urbica. Zetter- stedt reckons nine of these last mentioned species amongst the Scandinavian Diptera (omitting U. fuliginosa, and the P. canescens of Schiner), and includes a tenth species—P. trifasciata. This apparently exhausts the modern record. Six British species extend to Algeria: Pericoma ambiqua, ustulata ; Psychoda erminea, sexpunctata, humeralis ; and Sycorax silacea. The local distribution of Psychodide within the British Islands has been so little investigated that it is as well not to enter here into details on this subject. It will be of more practical advantage to close this article with some topographical notes indicative of the nature of sites affected by certain species. The character of suitable “stations ” can usually be recognised at a glance by their vegetation and surroundings. The ancient forest of Selwood formerly extended along a range of hills, exterior to the chalk, on the border of Wilts and Somerset, in the neighbourhood of Witham and Bruton. Several streamlets, tributary to the Brue and Stour, there take their rise in swampy dells, shaded by alders and carpeted with such plants as Viola palustris, Chrysosplenium, and Hydrocotyle, decked here and there with Caltha and ferns, such as lady-fern and Lustrea dilatata. These are haunts of Pericoma cognata and Psychoda lucifuga, in May and September, and of P. mutua, in June and July. Between Bruton and Wincanton the small hamlet of Stoney Stoke nestles in a hollow close to Redlynech Park. A short lane, shaded by trees and hedges, leads to the hamlet froma gate at the nearest corner of the park wall. Pertcoma revisenda hitherto has been found only in this lane. It shelters under hazel and maple _ leaves, chiefly in the right-hand hedge going down the hill, at the DA, (January, 1894. beginning of September. Where the left-hand hedge-bank is wet and foundering, P. palustris and gracilis harbour among nettles and on hazel,in May; and the latter in autumn is associated with extricata and compta. Towards the foot of the hill on the same side the bank is strengthened by a retaining wall, open to the sun and coated with Marchantia, where water leaks through from the field, or trickles from a rustic spout overhung by Geranium and Scolopendrium. Here, from May onwards, P. pulchra and trifasciata are to be found. The drainage from the lane and spout ripples down a shallow trench amongst Spirea ulmaria, Helosciadiim, and Mentha aquatica, mingled with rotting leaves; Ulomyia is in profusion, in company with P. trivialis. On entering the hamlet, the road divides, and the right- hand turning, bordered on each side by a shallow ditch of gently flowing water, is flanked by a garden hedge on the left, facing the sun, opposite a high, damp, shady bank, much encumbered with nettles, and partly bordered with Chrysosplenium. The herbage by this shady ditch, early in June, sheltered plenty of P. notabilis and morula, with fusca sparingly. The sunny ditch opposite, choked with Veronica beccabunga and watercress, abounds with P. canescens and trivialis, and during early summer and autumn with P. fratercula. In the pastures nearest to the hamlet, by the stream into which the lane and ditches drain, P. soleata was common in June at one or two miry places by the water near a rustic bridge, among Hpilobium hirsutum above the bridge, and in a swampy hollow under some oak trees just below. P. ocellaris is common all over this district, especially along wet hedge-ditches, not too much obstructed with rotting leaves. Sometimes it abounds in wet meadows and lanes amongst Juncus com- munis and Iris pseudacorus. About a mile and a half from WPntecanar, the railway to Bath passes Moorhays Farm; and shortly beyond that is a level crossing leading to Knowle Park Farm. The ditch on the left-hand of the railway embankment, where it is shallow and the water ripples gently amongst Sparganium ramosum and Helosciadium along its clayey channel, is the resort of P. soleata, morula, and fratercula, in May and June, and of the last species in August and September. Near the culverts, further on, through which the water crosses under the line, P. incerta occurs in May, June, and August. Along streams and rivulets in this neighbourhood, and in Blackmoor Vale, P. exquis:ta, fallax, blandula, and trifasciata, are plentiful from May onwards, especially near clay banks, &c., clad with Marchantia, where the flow of water is brisk. In September, P. compta is common on hazel in Ent. Mo. Maga., 2np Str., Vou. V, Pu. I. " Wt A } (yell a atte ry omeyh he Hy leet < Co Se arm a Dot ’ ae in 7 eh ar Ze PY) ee ee Ae r ot yy ‘hdaa ate nat a= sina 7 AM ead bh a rier Ake iY) Srl Uta wie hs (a itp As et Curae Spam te ; cli aN aes ies Mle et Er. Mol Macs 2nm Srr-, Vou. Vi, Pr JL: { tial boat, “ ve ) ‘ ’ . ( 4 ca tt cw 1 +e Rae Ae pepe ge ‘ ete ii ( ‘ voee - . 4 , ba i ite 7m , : a st eis uy gl - Ah he nee cull by Hie wey, eal at eee lela aspen Riven Ait Hf reine T alabina te DANE eet : ” rae een \ Yea tae 1 ( mies ee ‘SS ae a bia ) W ares Nate “ih moun ey” ner f ‘tie Cow ; ME cs ae } ep i " cr. co | ake! % av o We eh geet ener eee sin pamela ena ; i ? " ; On ; a IMPORTANT NOTICE. : From this date the First Series of this Magazine can be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound. A limited number of sets, from Vol. xi to Vol. xxv inclusive, are offered at the reduced price of £2 10s. per set net (in parts), or of five consecutive Vols. at £1 per set net (if bound, 1s. per Vol. extra). Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to x can be had _ separately at 10s. each. The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20, and 21 of the First Series. Apply to the Publishers. May 29th, 1898. CHANGE OF ADDRESS. Rev. THEODORE Woop, from Baldock, Herts, to 23, Brodrick Road, Upper Tooting, Loudon, S.W. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the Session 1893—4:— Annual, Wednesday, January 17th, 1894. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Annuat MEETING. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 17th, at 7 p.m. :— Report of the Council; Election of Council and Officers for 1894; and Address by the President, Henry J. Hlwes, Esq., F.L.S. WATKINS & BONCASTER, Hatunalists, Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella Net, 7/6; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/9, 4/6; Plain Ring Net, 1/8, 2/8, 2/6; Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zine Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins. 1/6, 2/-; Sugar- ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; -Glass Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/-; Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 5/-; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-. Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in Jeather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel Forceps, 2/- per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/6. Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6. Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow- pipe, 6d.; Egg Drills, 3d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vasculum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one side for Labels, 2/-. A large stock of British, Buropean, and Exotic Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Birds’ Bygs. ISI ATS IMG biG atC_AvILs IRIS. The “DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d. SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &c. Cs ONLY ADDRESS— 36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross, LON DON. Birds and Mammals, Jc., Preserved ¥ Mounted by first-class workmen Our New Price List (68 pp.) sent post free to any address on application. CONTENTS. PAGR Notes on the earlier stages of the Nepticule, with a view to their better recognition (continued).—John H. Wood, M.B. 1 The Winter Moth (Cheimatobia bramata) and its destruction. 2G PF, Wilson, DUI eS no RARER Pe Onae MR eames F cicsee Sade podbduace 0b 805 c00 4, An attempt to account. for Moth- eae, with notes on its c cure re by Ether. = H. Guard Knaggs, M.D., F.L.S. .... sfidsgaaee lacy nO) Asymmetry of markings in the Dahle, (el C. ‘Griffiths, P. E. sh Re Par aden ac 9 Note on a species of “Lampides, and description of a new Aree from Borneo.—Hamilton H. Druce, F.Z.8., fc. .. .. rete ee oe us) Pararge Megeera in October.—Rev. W. F. Johnson, ‘.A., PES. gasps 10 The present “market value of Chrysophanus dispar and Noctua subrosea.—Bds. 11 Notes on Hepialus virescens and other eo spring insects in New Zealand.— G. V. Hudson, F.E.S... Peper oudccnbooneee mall Lepidoptera, &c., at Morecambe.—G. T. Porritt, ELS. vids ir.bids Sa SR Le Lepidoptera in the Belfast District.—Charles W. Watt <0. 12 Stray Notes on Kentish Coleoptera.—James J. Walker, R.N., F.L.S. ............ 18 Coleoptera in the Oxford District.—John W. Shipp...........c0. cscs cceeeesae ten cec ees 15 Odour of Olophrum piceum.—AHarold Swale, M.B. .. ppenapics (6; Pseudeumolpus, Jacoby, renamed Eumolpopsis.— —Martin n Jacoby, F FE. Sea eG Rare Diptera in 1893.—Ralph C. Bradley .. i Speucepe ele Coccus rubi of Schrank.—J. W. Douglas, F. E. ice MR ere seer SL Kriopeltis Lichtensteinii and Signoretia luzule in 1 Scotland. Hee Salas eld ReEyinw.—The Butterflies of North America, 3rd Series, Part xiv: “by W. H. Edwards .......... 17 OxpituaRyY.—Prof. Hermann iacract Hinge Ton F, E. s. ap. ‘Melilla B. R. 8. 18 SocietTies.—Birmingham Hntomological Society........ «alate grevaaeuetae aaa emg te Resang ae and Cheat Entomological Society... MRE A . 120 Entomological Society of London ......... isn. passione creme A Synopsis of British Psychodides (continued).— Rev. A. BE. nerene u.A., F.ES. 22 The Explanation of Plates I and If will appear im the February No. Weare unavoidably obliged to defer the publication of several important papers, some already in type, and others in hand. NOW READY, THE EBENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. IV, New Series (Vol. XXIX), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-. Covers for binding, 1/- each. London: GURNEY & JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row. H.C. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. Vol. IV, New Series (1893), ended with the last Number. Sub- scriptions, 6/- (POST-FREE) for 1894 are now due. Post Office or Postal Orders may be seut to the “‘ Editors ” Care of Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, London, E.C., or to either of them personally at his residence. Intending new Subscribers should send in their names and addresses as soon as possible. The Editors are ready to entertain proposals for continuous Adver- tisements, or for a term. Scale of Charges for Advertisements. Whole Page......... £2. Half Page......... £1 1s. 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Atthe same season, P. extricata, cognata, and gracilis can be obtained at Godminster Wood, and in Holywater Copse, near Godminster Farm. P. advena is described from a unique specimen captured at Bratton Seymour, near Wincanton, the 31st May, 1892. It was on a hazel leaf beside a surface-well at the side of the lane below the church, just above the last cottage. The over- flow from the well descends by a gutter at the edge of the road, bordered with Helosciadium, Veronica beccabunga, &c., dominated by a high wet bank, overgrown with Spirea ulmaria, Juncus communis, and other rank herbage harbouring Pericoma palustris, ocellaris, morula, and several other Psychodide that have already been noticed. Ashcot is the station next to Glastonbury, westwards, amidst the turf-moors. On the left of the railway, just before the station, are some old turf-holes, near a wood, that are full of water, in which grow Utricularia, and other aquatic plants. Pericoma consors resorts to the borders of these pits, and was especially plentiful on a little patch of quaking bog amongst Typha in August. PP. ustulata is met with occasionally by ditches in this neighbourhood, but not so commonly as near the sea: it abounds at the moist sandy margins of ditches near the golf-links at Minehead, and can be beaten, with P. caliginosa, out of clumps of coarse grass at the base of the low cliffs at Weymouth, Dorset, between Sandsfoot Castle and the Nothe, throughout summer and autumn. Dunster is near Minehead, in the west of Somerset. At the exit of the town, going towards Dulverton, is a small street to the left, with a shallow water-course on one side of it, serving for the relief of the mill-conduit and the conveyance of sewage from some cottages, and bordered with nettles. Here Pericoma nubila, trivialis, and neglecta abound. A few miles further along the Dulverton road, below a village named Cutcombe, is a roadside spout near a house designated Gilly in the ordnance map. Psychoda erminea is described from a single specimen beaten out of a bush close to the spout on the 30th September, 1890. Only one other specimen has as yet been captured in England, and this (in poor condition) occurred on a window at Holwell, Dorset, in December. The species probably frequents wet shady banks in the woodlands. Pericoma extricata abounds under Salix caprea growing on the miry slopes of the combe below Dunkery Hill Gate, near the outskirts of the deer covert, at an elevation of about 1300 ft. C 26 ‘s [February, In the adjoining county of Devon, half-way between Exeter and Sidmouth, is a district of gravelly heaths, part of which is called Aylesbeare Common. Near some of the boggy spots, suitable for Narthecium ossifragum and cotton-grass, or certain species of Juncus, along the verge of the enclosures, watery places in the hedge-ditches, overhung with lady-fern and other ferns, are resorts of Pericoma labeculosa. Farther to the east, at Seaton, on the coast, is the only known locality for P. decipiens. It frequents a boggy piece of ground on Haven Cliff, overgrown with Hguisetum telmateja,in June and July, together with P. fusca. At the base of the cliff, P. pulchra occurs - by the streamlet that tumbles down the cliff. P. ambigua is found at the same season on Axminster Heath or Shute Hill, among alder bushes in a Sphagnum swamp; also amongst Juncus at Aylesbeare Common, and other places. P. fusca abounded in May between Marston and Mudford (a low-lying district) in the left hand ditch of the main road going to Yeovil, where the water was rippling. But it also resorts to the shadiest part of a small, clean, cattle pond, almost completely embowered in a plantation at Westrow, Holwell. Macquart found it in a wood. Pericoma Dalii, up to the present time, has been taken only by Mr. C. W. Dale on his estate at Mullet’s Copse, Glanvilles Wootton, among Hquisetum telmateja, at the end of May. The author has in preparation a Synopsis of Algerian Psychodide, in which opportunity may be taken to amend weak points in the leading steps of the tabulations in the present Synopsis, which recent observations have revealed. The two Groups of Genera need re- definition ; a clause noting exceptions should be added to step 2a, vol. iv, p. 32, and the tabulation of Species of the 3rd Section of Pericoma, commencing at p. 123, should be slightly modified, so as to bring No. 24, P. advena, into juxtaposition with No. 18, P. notabilis, each typifying a group of species. Expranation oF Puates I, II, Ill ann IV. Figures of details all enlarged, drawn under the microscope with camera lucida from specimens denuded (with scarcely an exception) of hair or scales. Hair-lines indicate the natural lengths of the wings ; and numerals, preceded by the sign of multiplication, written small, show the scale of diametrical enlargement of other details. Larger letters (U., P., and Ps.) serve to distinguish the genera Ulomyia, 1894. ] 27 Pericoma, and Psychoda. Italics @ to e denote each a particular detail. The numerals prefixed in the tabulations to the names of the species of Pericoma and Psychoda are used in the Plates to denote the illus- trations that concern the same species. PLATE If. U. and P.—Ulomyia fuliginosa (Vol. iv, p. 82, step 4) and species of the 1st Section of Pericoma (Vol. iv, p. 120) :—1, palustris; 2, mutua; 3, cognata; 4, compta ; 5, extricata; 6, nubila; 7, trivialis. Wings of U., ¢ and 2, and P. Nos. 1 to 5. a—Superior genital appendage, 6, of U. and P. Nos. 2 and 4 to 7. é—Inferior genital appendage and forceps basis, g, of P. No. 7. c—External genitalia, 9 , from the side, of P. No. 7. PLATE II. P.—Species of the 2nd Section of Pericoma (Vol. iv, p. 122) and of part of the 3rd Section (Vol. 4, p. 123) :—[2nd Section], 8, neglecta; 9, canescens; 10, exquisita; 11, fallaw; 12, gracilis; 13, blandula; 14, trifasciata; 15, pulchra; [8rd Section], 16, ocellaris; 17, Dalit; 18, notabilis; 19, ambigua. Wings of P. Nos. 9 to 14 and 16 to 19; the dotted part in No. 17 supplied from a nearly related foreign species. a—Superior genital appendage, g, of P. Nos. 8 to 11 and 13 to 16. 6—Antenna of P. Nos. 16 ¢,16 ¢ part, and 18 g. PLATE III. P.—Species of the remainder of the 8rd Section of Pericoma (Vol. iv, p. 128) and apecies of the 4th Section (Vol. iv, p. 127) :—[8rd Section continued ], 20, decipiens; 21, soleata ; 22, consors ; 23, labeculosa ; 24, advena; 25, morula ; [4th Section], 26, fratercula; 27, ustulata; 28, caliginosa; 29, incerta ; 30, revisenda. Wings of P. Nos. 20 to 30. Two figures are given of No. 21 to illustrate individual variation in extremities of basal cells. a—Superior genital appendage, ¢, of P. No. 27. PATE Ve P.—The species of the 5th Section of Pericoma (Vol. iv, p. 82, step 5) :—81, fusca. Ps.—Species of the 1st Section of Psychoda (Vol. iv, p. 129) and of the 2nd Section (p. 33, steps 6a and 7) :—[lst Section], 1, lucifuga; 2, phalenoides ; 3, albipennis ; 4, senpunctata; 5, erminea ; [2nd Section], 6, humeralis. Wings of P. No. 31, g and ?, and of Ps. Nos. 1, 2,3 and 6. The thinness of the neuration in Nos.1 and 2 may be due to the direction of the light when they were drawn. Two figures of No. 3 are given to illustrate individual C2 28 ‘February, variation (noted by Schiner) in the condition of the forked nervures; the relative strength and weakness of nervures in these figures is in agreement with their natural proportions, and is referred to at Vol. iv, p. 8. a, b, d—Genitalia, g : a, superior appendage; 6, inferior appendage; d, penis, of P. 31 (a, d) in two positions; Ps. Nos. 2 (a, 6,d), 3 and 4 (a), 5 (a, d), and 6 (0). e—External genitalia, 2 , from the side, of Ps. No. 6. Algeria: 1893. NOTES ON SOME BRITISH AND EXOTIC COCCIDZ (No. 27). BY J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S8. Tue Mieration oF Coccips. On June 5th, 1891, I found, at the distance of a mile from here, on a small bush of hawthorn, several gravid females of Pulvinarva oxyacanthe, Linn., with ovisacs full of eggs and larve, and transferred some of these masses to a hawthorn-bush growing in the boundary- hedge of my garden, on which no Coccids existed, hoping thus to establish the species here by the next year. In the spring of 1892, however, the terminal shoots of the bush, on which the Coccids would naturally be situate, were cut off, and so I feared ended my expecta- tions, for subsequently I could not find any scales; but there must have been some undetected, for on the 2nd inst., that is, a month before the usual time of year, I saw two full-grown females on the bush, but I had not been on the alert early enough to notice their development. The transfer of a species from one plant to another of the same kind at a distance being quite practicable, some persons may possibly be induced to experiment with other species than that mentioned, with a view to watching the development of these singular insects, of which the life-history presents many interesting features. The female forms of the Lecaniide, it is true, are not attractive, but the males are wonderful in form and beautiful in appearance, in these respects rivalling the small Lepidoptera; they are so short-lived, and so rarely obtained, except by rearing, that those of many species have never been observed ; indeed, it has been questioned if in some they exist at all in an external appreciable form. The rearing of Lecanude in gardens on trees which are already there, or to be planted for the purpose, would doubtless bring to light the knowledge of many re- condite points in the economy of several species. No harm to the trees would accrue, for it is only when Coccids are in excessive numbers that they are injurious, and in such experimental cases as these would be, they could easily be regulated. 1994.) 29 The late A. Foerster had a theory, which was also supported by the late J. Lichtenstein, that certain similar forms of Lecaniide, which he enumerated (ef. Ent. Mo. Mag , xxiii, pp. 25,26), found on different trees, and which have received distinctive specific names, are only one and the same species; but adverting to the structural discrepancies in the insects, especially in the antennew and legs, which have been discovered in later time, this view is not tenable. Yet trial might be made in a home experimental station, constantly under the survey of an investigator to ascertain decisively whether all Coccids would live on trees totally different from those on which they usually feed. Some ean, and do naturally, but they retain all their structural characters, and thus can be identified. LECANIUM HESPERIDUM and L. LAURI. In Lecanium lauri, on which, with the assistance of Mr. Newstead, I gave a note in this Magazine, vol. ii, n. s., with a view to show that it is distinct from LZ. hesperidum, one special point of dissimilarity is in the structure of the digitules of the feet, and it is further noticed that, in this country, Z. hesperidwm is found only on orange and lemon trees under glass,and Z. Jawri only on bay trees. Mr. Maskell, however, has noticed (vol. iv, p. 108) a reverse order, inasmuch as in New Zealand L. hesperidum occurs on laurel, ivy, holly, and other plants, and in Australia Z. lawri lives on citrus. This is very curious. The validity of the differences pointed out is admitted, yet the inference that there is a distinction of species is demurred to, and the belief is expressed that there is really but one. I do not wish to have a con- troversy with one who has had long and varied experience in the microscopical investigation of Coccids, but I hardly think that his reasons are conclusive. We come back to the doubt of how much or how little of structural character is sufficient to determine a difference of species. In Coleoptera and Hemiptera, for instance, a small variation in sculpture, striation, puncturation, hairiness or spinosity, form or length of the joints of antenne or feet, are held to be good differential specific characters. Size and colour do not count for much, and in ‘Lepidoptera especially, where they used to be greatly used to differ- entiate species, they have had to be abandoned as unavailable for that purpose ; yet they still have at times a value subsidiary to considera- tions of structure of adult and larva. With regard to L. hesperidum and Jauri there may be the hypothesis that they are representatives of divergence from one prior form, as yet not differentiated beyond the stage of “race,” and hereafter destined to become more decidedly separate, 30 | February, THE Genus PROSOPOPHORA. Mr. Maskell (vol. iv, p. 104) objects to “surface with granular raised lines” being considered to be a generic character of the scales (g and ?), contending that it is only specific. In this case it may be so; I do not wish to argue, all the more that Mr. Maskell says he has two new species destitute of the raised lines which, ceteris paribus, will fit into the genus. It is very difficult in a new form to determine which of its characters are generic, and which are specific. Other species may exist in which, as in P. dendrobii, there may be raised lines yet in a different pattern ; then the character would, I think, be generic. We see in other Orders of insects some one leading struc- tural character admitted to be of value in estimating generic rank, while its variation in respect of pattern, density, complexity or other quality, exemplified in a group of forms is held to indicate specific difference, ¢. ¢., fixity for the time being in departure from a primitive stem. 153, Lewisham Road : 1893. LITHOCOLLETIS TRIGUTTELLA, STN., A VARIETY OF LI. FAGINELLA, Z. BY EUSTACE R. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S. Inthocolletis triguttella was originally described, in the “ Zoolo- gist” for 1850, p. 2896, by the late Mr. H. T. Stainton from a single specimen taken at Sanderstead in May by Mr. J. W. Douglas, but from the following evidence I think it will be clear that it is nothing more than a variety of faginella, and that for the future the synonymy should be:—Lithocolletis faginella, Zell., Stn., var. triguttella, Stn. Early in 1892, when, through the kindness of the present owner, Mr. P. B, Mason, I was examining Mr. Douglas’s collection, | made an entry to the effect that the unique example of ZL. triguttella looked to me in every respect like a genuine faginella, 8, except that, owing either to the union of the typical third and fourth white costal streaks, or to the absence of the fourth, while the third was unusually large, there were only three such streaks instead of four. On reaching home I examined for the first time a long series of faginella, bred in the previous year from larva collected here, which showed that the white streaks vary greatly in size and shape, and, to some extent, in position ; one ?, entirely forgotten since it was set, was a_veritable “triguttella,” for the third and fourth costal streaks had, on both 1894 } 2] fore-wings, coalesced into one. This specimen was shown to Mr. Stainton in May, 1892, and, after inspecting it, he quite allowed that triguttella could not stand as a distinct species. It will be noticed that in Mr. Stainton’s descriptions of faginella the white basal streak is said to be “un-margined,” whereas in ¢riguttella it is given as “ dark-margined on both sides,” but, as I pointed out to him, faginella frequently has the white basal streak dark-margined on the upper- side, and occasionally on both sides, and I have seen many in which it is quite as darkly-margined as in Mr. Douglas’s triguttella. Last spring, when looking through the numbers of faginelia in Mr. Mason’s collections, I came upon a most interesting and extraordinary variety of that insect. On the right fore-wing there are only three white costal streaks: the first and second almost unite, and there is but little dark scaling between the second and the third, which latter is abnormally large, being formed by the coalition of the typical third and fourth streaks. The left fore-wing has the first costal streak as usual, but the second, third, and fourth have all coalesced, and form one long white patch, which occupies a large portion of the costal area and of the disc towards the apex. On both fore-wings the usual first and second white dorsal streaks are present, but the third cannot be separately traced, because the entire portion of the wing, as well as the fringes, round the anal angle is pure white! From the setting I feel pretty sure that the specimen was bred by the late Mr. John Sang, but am afraid that the locality will remain unknown. The Rectory, Corfe Castle, Dorset : November 8th, 1893. NOTE ON PLATYCEPHALA OLIVIERI, MONTR. BY D. SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S. This genus and species was established (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1861, p- 268) by Montrouzier for an insect found “under bark” in the island of Lifu, New Caledonia. It was placed by Montrouzier in Lathridiide, ‘near Monotoma.’ M. Fauvel, in his interesting work on the Coleoptera of New Caledonia, stated (Rev. d’Ent., x, p. 154) that this insect belongs to the genus Proterhinus, recently established by me for some insects believed to be peculiar to the Sandwich Islands. My attention having been by this attracted to the subject, I applied to M. Fauvel for some further particulars, and he kindly placed me in communication with M. Grouvelle, in whose possession is the type of Montrouzier’s description. Mr. Grouvelle has indeed been so kind 29 [February, as to send me this specimen so that I may be able to speak in a more positive manner than I could do if I bad only the brief descriptions of Montrouzier to rely on. The insect is not a Proterhinus, but an Aglycyderes, very closely allied to the New Zealand A. Wollastoni. So close indeed is the resemblance that at first I thought the New Caledonian insect would probably prove to be a very large example of A. Wollastoni. Unfor- tunately, the Montrouzier type is in a very fragmentary state, owing to having been when fresh impaled on a large pin ; there is, therefore, some difficulty in speaking with confidence as to its characters, but I think it may be distinguished from A. Wollastoni as follows :—